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 THE LIBRARY 
 
 OF 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY 
 
 OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 RIVERSIDE 
 
 GIFT OF 
 
 Clifford Wurfel
 
 
 /t^ 
 
 ^. ^-^- 

 
 HISTOEY 
 
 OK 
 
 HENNEPIN COUNTY 
 
 AND THE 
 
 CITY OF MINNEAPOLIS, 
 
 INCLUDING THE L' 
 
 / 'I 
 
 EXPLORERS AND PIONEERS of MINNESOTA, 
 
 l!v KEV. EDWARD D. NEILL, 
 
 AND 
 
 OUTLINES OF THE HISTORY OF MINNESOTA, 
 
 Bv J. FLETCHEK WILLIAMS, 
 
 MINNEAPOLIS : 
 NORTH STAR PUBLISHING COMPANY. 
 
 1881.
 
 
 JOHNSON, SMITH & HARRISON, 
 
 PRINTERS. 
 
 JIINNEATOLIS, MINN.
 
 PREFACE 
 
 We live not alone in the present but also in the past and future. The 
 radius that circumscribes our lives must necessarily extend backward indefi- 
 nitely and forward infinitely. We can never look out thoughtfully at our im- 
 mediate surroundings but a course of reasoning will start up leading us to 
 inquire the causes that produced the development around us, and at the same 
 time we are led to conjecture the results to follow causes now in operation. 
 We are thus linked indissolubly with the past and the future. 
 
 " Now for my life," says Sir Thomas Browne, " it is a miracle of thirty 
 years, which to relate were not a history, but a piece of poetry, and would 
 sound to common ears like a fable. * '=' Men that look upon my outside, 
 perusing only my condition and fortune, do err in my altitude ; for I am above 
 Atlas his shoulders. I take my circle to be above three hundred and sixty. 
 Though the number of the arc do measure my body, it comprehendeth not 
 my mind." 
 
 If, then, the past is not simply a stepping-stone to the future, but a part 
 of our very selves, we can not afford to ignore it, or separate it from ourselves, 
 as a member might be lopped off from our bodies ; for though the body thus 
 maimed might perform many and perhaps most of its functions, still it could 
 never again be called complete. 
 
 We, therefore, present this volume to our patrons in Hennepin county, 
 not as something extrinsic, to which we would attract their notice and secure 
 their favor, but as a part of themselves, and an important part, which it is the 
 province of the historian to re-invigorate and restore to its rightful owner. 
 Moveover, we can not but hope that we shall thus confer much pleasure. 
 The recounting of events which have transpired in our own neighborhood is 
 the most interesting of all history. There is a fascination in the study of the 
 intermingled fact and fiction of the past which is heightened by a familiarity 
 with the localities described. The writer remembers the glow of enthusiasm 
 with which he once stood at the entrance of the old fort at Ticonderoga, and 
 repeated the words of Ethan Allen : " In the name of the Great Jehovah and 
 the Continental Congress, etc." " The river which flows through our native 
 village acquires a new interest when, in imagination, we see the Indian canoe 
 on its surface and the skin-covered tepee on its banks, as in days of yore. 
 Log cabins, straw roofs, and the rude " betterments " of the hardy pioneer, 
 are the next changes on the scene, followed soon by mushroom towns, some 
 of which perish as quickly as they spring up, while others astonish us by 
 their rapid growth ; cities are built, and moss and ivy, the evidences of age, 
 soon accumulate. The log cabin and all the incipient steps of first settlement 
 are things of the past ; "The place which knew them shall know them no more 
 forever."
 
 iv PBEFACE. 
 
 Our purpose is to present these pictures in their natural succession, 
 arousing the enthusiasm of the reader, if possible, giving him a more vig- 
 orous enjoyment of the present by linking it with the past. The compass of 
 the work is wide, extending over a long period of time, embracing the accounts 
 of early explorers, also reaching back among the legends of the past, and 
 approaching the events of to-day, almost undesignedly casting a prophetic 
 glance forward at what must be the future after such a beginning. 
 
 St. Anthony P'alls and the environs present an exceptionally rich field 
 for a work of this character. By situation, it was the highway of travel for 
 Indian and white man, explorer, missionary, voyageur and trader. This was 
 the favorite hunting ground as^well as the battle-field of our savage predeces- 
 sors. Here, too, they calmed their barbarous hearts, and bowed in worship 
 of the Manitou, whose abode was at the great water-fall. 
 
 Incidents connected with the early settlement derive interest from the 
 military reservation, and are unique in character. While reviewing these 
 events and enterprises inaugurated for the development of the county, we 
 come to regret that we can not claim the prestige belonging to the aristocracy 
 of early settlers. 
 
 To eive in detail all the various sources from which the facts here g-iven 
 have been obtained, would be tedious if not impracticable. It may be suffi- 
 cient to say that it fairly presents the history of our remarkable development 
 and a faithful picture of our present condition. We must, however, express 
 our obligations to a host of living witnesses, from whom a large portion of the 
 facts have been obtained and doubtful points verified ; they have our hearty 
 thanks. Material has been drawn largely from the columns of newspapers, 
 which have given, from time to time, a record of passing events. The contri- 
 bution of Rev. Edward D. Neill will be of great permanent value in imperish- 
 able print, and will be greatly prized by histographers everywhere. We have 
 also drawn upon the accumulation of facts in the possession of the Minnesota 
 Historical Society, for a valuable paper by its secretary, Mr. J. Fletcher Wil- 
 liams. The value of a reservoir of historical data at the capital of the state, 
 for such purposes, was fully appreciated, and the maintenance of such a 
 centre of information can not be too strongly advocated. 
 
 In conclusion, we have an obligation to express to our patrons, and are 
 pleased to acknowledge a liberal patronage and more than ordinary courtesy 
 toward our employees ; for all of which we tender our hearty thanks. Hoping 
 that those who have subscribed for and are about to receive this volume, will 
 favor it with a kind reception, and take as much interest in reading as we 
 have in compiling the history of Hennepin county, we are, very respectfully, 
 
 Yours, 
 
 GEO. E. WARNER, 
 CHAS. M. FOOTE.
 
 CONTENTS 
 
 Preface, 
 
 Map, 
 
 PAGE 
 
 iii 
 
 opp. 1 
 
 CHAPTER I— XXIir. 
 
 Explorers and Pioneers of Afinnesota — Rev. 
 
 Edward Duffield Neil), - - 1-128 
 
 CHAPTERS XXIV— XXIX. 
 
 Outlines of the History of Jlinncsota from 
 
 1*58 to 1881— .J. Fletcher Williams, - 1;>9-1G0 
 
 CHAPTER XXX. 
 Fort Snelling, - - - 161-166 
 
 CHAPTERS XXXI— XXXIV. 
 Hcnne]>in C'onuty History, - - 167-187 
 
 firAPTER XXXV. 
 War Record, - - - - 188-211 
 
 CHAPTER XXXVI. 
 Richfield, - - - . 212-221 
 
 CHAPTER XXXVII. 
 Bloomiiigton, - - - - 222-2:!0 
 
 CHAPTKl; XXXVllI. 
 Eden Prairie, - - - - 2:U-2:57 
 
 . CHAPTER XXXIX. 
 Minnetonka, - - - - 238-246 
 
 CHAPTER XL. 
 Excelsior, . - . . 247-256 
 
 CHAPTER XLI. 
 
 Jlinnetrista, . . - - 2.")7-262 
 
 CHAPTER XLII. 
 Independence, - - - - 263-268 
 
 CHAPTER XLIII. 
 Medina, . - . . 268-277 
 
 CHAPTER XMV. 
 Crystal Lake, - - - - 278-284 
 
 lirooklyn. 
 
 Os.seo, 
 
 Chaniplin, 
 
 Davton, 
 
 Ila.ssan, 
 
 (ireenwood. 
 
 Corcoran, 
 
 CHAPTER XLV. 
 
 CHAPTER XLVL 
 
 CHAPTER XLVIL 
 
 CHAPTER XLVIII. 
 
 CHAPTER XLIX. 
 
 CHAPTER L. 
 
 CHAPTER LI. 
 
 CHAPTER LII 
 Maple Grove, - - - - 
 
 CHAPTER LIII. 
 Plymouth, - - . . 
 
 CHAPTER LIV. 
 
 Minnea])olis, Town of, 
 
 CHAPTER LV. 
 Sain* Anthony, Town of, 
 
 CHAPTERS LVI— LXXV. 
 
 Minneapolis, City of, - - - 
 
 CHAPTERS LXXVI— LXXXIV 
 
 Minneajiolis. City, lliofiraiiliies, 
 
 CHAPTER LXXXV. 
 Clironolosry, - - « . 
 
 CHAPTER LXXXVI. 
 Directory, - . . . 
 
 IXDEX, .... 
 
 PAGE 
 2a5-293 
 
 294-297 
 
 298- .-JOl 
 
 3()2-:!06 
 
 .307-310 
 
 .311-316 
 
 317-321 
 
 322-328 
 
 328-338 
 
 339-3.-.3 
 
 3r).}-3.-><J 
 
 3.>7-499 
 
 499-662 
 
 662-668 
 
 i;(;9 ()i)6 
 697
 
 :»JAP i>Y 
 
 HENNEPIN COUNTY, 
 
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 North Star Publishing Co 
 
 aliijui
 
 EXPLORERS 
 
 AND 
 
 PIONEERS OF MINNESOTA. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 FOOTPRrNTS OF CIVILIZATION TOWAKD THE EXTKEMITT OF LAKE SUPERIOR. 
 
 Minnesotii's Central Position. — D'Avagour's Prediction, — Nicolefs Visit to Green 
 B.iy.— First T\liite Men in Minnesota. — Xotices of Groselliers and Radisson. — 
 Hurons Flee to Minnesota. — Visited l)y Frenchmen. — Father Menard Disap- 
 pears. — Groselliers Visits Hudson's Bay. — Father Allouez Describes the Sioux 
 Mission at La Pointe. — Father Marquette.— Sioux at Sault St. Marie. — .Jesuit 
 Missions Fail.— Groselliers Visits Engl.ind.— Captain Gillam, of Boston, at Hud- 
 son's Bay. — Letter of Mother Superior of Ur^ulines., at Quebec. — Death of 
 Grcselliers. 
 
 The Dakotahs, called by the Ojibways, Nado- 
 waysioux, or Sioux (Soos), as abbreviatsd by the 
 French, used to claim superiority over other peo- 
 ple, because, their sacred men asserted that the 
 mouth of the Minnesota River was immediately 
 over the centre of the earth, and below the centre 
 of the heavens. 
 
 While this teaching is very different from tliat 
 of the modern astronomer, it is certainly true, 
 that the region west of Lake Superior, extending 
 through the valley of the Miimesota, to the Mis- 
 souri River, is one of the most healthful and fer- 
 tile regions beneatli the skies, and may prove to 
 be the centre of the republic of the United States 
 f)f America. Baron D'Avagour, a brave officer, 
 who was killed in fighting tlie Turks, while he 
 was Governor of Canada, in a dispatch to the 
 French Government, dated August 14th, 1663, 
 after referring to Lake Huron, vvTote, that beyond 
 " is met another, called Lake Superior, the waters 
 of which, it is believed, flow into Xew Spain, and 
 this, according to general opinion, ought to he tlie 
 centre of the country." 
 
 As early as 1635, one of Champlain's interpre- 
 ters, Jean Nicolet (Kicolay), who came to Cana- 
 da in 1618, reached the western shores of Lake 
 Michigan. In the summer of 1634 he ascended 
 
 Entered according to act I'l'l'ii 
 
 I Hie year 1S81, by Gbo. E. Wabkkr ani 
 
 the St. Lawrence, with a party of Hurons, and 
 probably during the next winter was trading at 
 Green Bay, in Wisconsm. On the ninth of De- 
 cember, 1635, he had returned to Canada, and on 
 the 7th of October, 1637, was married at Quebec, 
 and the next month, went to Three Rivers, where 
 he lived until 1642, when he died. Of him it is 
 said, in a letter written in 1640, that he had pen- 
 etrated farthest into those distant coimtries, and 
 that if he had proceeded " three days more on a 
 great river which flows from that lake [Green 
 Bay] he would have found the sea." 
 
 The first white men in Minnesota, of whom we 
 have any record, were, according to Garneau, two 
 persons of Huguenot aflinities, Medard Chouart, 
 known as Sieur Groselliers, and Pierre d'Esprit, 
 called Sieur Radisson. 
 
 Groselliers (pronounced Gro-zay-yay) was bom 
 near Ferte-sous-Jouarre, eleven miles east of 
 Meaux, in France, and when about sixteen years 
 of age, in the year 1641, came to Canada. The fur 
 trade was the great avenue to prosperity, and in 
 1646, he was among the Huron Indians, who then 
 dwelt upon tlie eastern shore of Lake Huron, 
 bartering for peltries. On the second of Septem- 
 ber, 1647, at Quebec, he was married to Helen, 
 the widow of Claude Etieime, who was the daugh- 
 ter of a pilot, Abraham Martin, whose baptismal 
 name is still attached to the suburbs of that city, 
 the " Plains of Abraham,'' made famous by the 
 death there, of General Wolfe, of the English 
 army, m 1759, and of General Montgomery, of 
 the Continental army, in December, 1775, at the 
 
 \ C. M, FooTK, in tlie office of the Librari.^n ofCongress. at Washin^on, D. C.
 
 EXPLORERS AXn PIOXEERS OF MIA'XESOTA. 
 
 commencement of the " War for Independence." 
 His son, !Medard, was bom in 1657, and tlie next 
 jear his motlier died. The second wife of Gro- 
 selliers was ilarguerite Ilayet(IIaTay) Radisson. 
 the sister of liis associate, in tlie exploration of 
 the region west of Lake Superior. 
 
 Eadisson was born at St. ilalo, and, while a" 
 boy. went to Paris, and from thence to Canada, 
 and in 1656, at Three Rivers, married EUzabeth, 
 the daughter of ^ladeleine Hainault, and, after 
 her death, the daughter of Sir David Kirk or 
 Kerkt, a zealous Huguenot, became his wife. 
 
 The Iroquois of Xew York, about the year 1650, 
 drove the Hurons from their villages, and forced 
 them to take refuge witli their friends the Tiuon- 
 tates, called by the French. Petuns. because they 
 cultivated tobacco. In time the Ilurons and 
 their allies, the Ottawas (Ottaw- waws}, were 
 again driven by the Iroquois, and after successive 
 wanderings, were found on the west side of Lake 
 Michigan, In time they reached the Mississippi, 
 and ascendmg above the Wisconsin, they found 
 the Iowa River, on the west side, which they fol- 
 lowed, and dwelt for a time with the Ayoes 
 (loways) who were very friendly : but being ac- 
 customed to a country of lakes and forests, they 
 were^ot satisfied with the vast prairies. Return- 
 ing to the Mississippi, they ascended this river, 
 in search of a better land, and were met by some 
 of the Sioux or Dakotahs. and conducted to their 
 villages, where they were well received. The 
 Sioux, delighted with the axes, knives and awls 
 of European manufacture, which had been pre- 
 sented to them, allowed the refugees to settle 
 upon an island in the Mississippi, below the 
 mouth of the St. Croix River, called Bald Island 
 from the absence of trees, about nine miles from 
 the site of the present city of Hastings. Possessed 
 of firearms, the Ilurons and Ottawas asserted 
 their superiority, and determined to conquer the 
 country for themselves, and having incurred the 
 hostihty of the Sioux, were obliged to flee from 
 the isle in the Mississippi. Descending below 
 Lake Pepin, they reached the Black River, and 
 ascending it. found an unoccupied country around 
 its sources and that of the Chippeway. In this 
 region the Hurons established themselves, while 
 their alUes, the Ottawas, moved eastward, till 
 they found the shores of Lake Superior, and set- 
 tled at Chagouamikon (Sha-gah-wah-mik-ong) 
 
 near what is now Bayfield, In the year 1659, 
 Groselliers and Radisson arrived at Chagouamik- 
 on, and determined to visit the Ilurons and Pe- 
 tuns, -n-ith whom the former had traded when 
 they resided east of Lake Huron. After a six 
 days' journey, in a southwesterly direction, they 
 reached their retreat toward the sources of the 
 Black. Chippewa, and "Wisconsin Rivers. Prom 
 this point they journeyed north, and passed the 
 wmter of 1659-60 among the " Xadouechiouec," 
 or Sioux villages in the Mille Lacs (Mil Lak) re- 
 gion. From the Hurons they learned of a beau- 
 tiful river, wide, large, deep, and comparable with 
 the Saint Lawrence, the great Mississippi, which 
 flows through the city of 2ilinneapoUs, and whose 
 sources are in northern ^ilhuiesota. 
 
 Xortheast of Mille Lacs, toward the extremity 
 of Lake Superior, they met the •• Poualak," or 
 Assiniboines of the prairie, a separated band of 
 the Sioux, who, as wood was scarce and small, 
 made fire with coal (eharbon de terre) and dwelt 
 in tents of skins : although some of the more in- 
 dustrious built cabins of clay (terre grasse), like 
 the swallows build their nests. 
 
 The spring and siunmer of 1660, GroseUiers and 
 Radisson passed in trading around Lake Superior. 
 On the 19th of August they returned to Mon- 
 treal, with three hundred Indians and sixty ca- 
 noes loaded with " a wealth of skins." 
 
 " Fui-s of bison and of beaver. 
 Furs of sable and of ermine." 
 
 The citizens were deeply stiiTed by the travelers' 
 tales of the vastness and richness of the region 
 they had visited, and their many rom;mtic adven- 
 tures. In a few days, they began their return to 
 the far "West, accompanied by six Frenchmen and 
 two priests, one of whom was the Jesuit. Rene Me- 
 nard. His hair whitened by age. and his mind 
 ripened by long experience, lie feemed the man 
 for the mission. Two hours after midnight, of the 
 day before departure, the venerable missionary 
 penned at '■ Three Rivers," the followmg letter 
 to a friend : 
 
 ■Reverexd Fathi:r : 
 " The jieace of Christ be with you : I write to 
 you probably the last, which I hope will be the 
 seal of oiu' friendship until eternity. Love whom 
 the Lord Jesus did not disdain to love, though 
 the greatest of sinners; for he loves whom he
 
 FATHER MENARD LOST IN WISCONSIN. 
 
 3 
 
 loads ■with his cross. Let your friendship, my 
 good Father, be useful to me by the desirable 
 fruits of your daily sacritice. 
 
 " In three or four months you may remember 
 me at the memento for the dead, on accoiuit of 
 my old age, my weak constitution and the hard- 
 ships I lay under amongst these tribes. Never- 
 theless, I am m peace, for 1 have not been led to 
 this mission by any temporal motive, but I think 
 it was by the voice of God. I was to resist the 
 grace of God by not coming. Eternal remorse 
 would have tormented me, had I not come when 
 I had the opportunity. 
 
 " We have been a little surprized, not being 
 able to provide ourselves with vestments and oth- 
 er things, but he who feeds the little birds, and 
 clothes the lilies of the fields, will take care of 
 his servants ; and though it should happen we 
 should die of want, we would esteem ourselves 
 happy. I am burdened with business. What I 
 can do is to recommend our journey to your daily 
 sacrifice, and to embrace you with the same sen- 
 timents of heart as I hope to do in eternity. 
 " My Reverend Father, 
 
 Your most humble and atfectionate 
 servant in Jesus Christ. 
 
 R. MEXARD. 
 "From the Three Rivers, this 26th August, 2 
 
 o'clock after midnight, 1660." 
 
 On the 16th of October, the party with which 
 he journeyed reached a bay on Lake Superior, 
 where he found some of the Ottawas, who had 
 fled from the Iroquois of New York. For more 
 than eight months, surrounded by a few French 
 voyageurs, be lived, to use his words, " in a kind 
 of small hermitage, a cabin built of fir branches 
 piled one on another, not so much to shield us 
 from the rigor of the season as to correct my im- 
 agination, and persuade me I was sheltered." 
 
 During the summer of 1661, he resolved to visit 
 the Ilurons, who had fled eastward from the Sioux 
 of Minnesota, and encamped amid the marshes of 
 Northern Wisconsin. Some Frenchmen, who had 
 been among the Ilurons, in vain attempted to dis- 
 suade him from the journey. To their entreaties 
 he replied, " I must go, if it cost me my life. I 
 can not suffer souls to perish on tlie ground of 
 saving the bodily life of a miserable old man like 
 myself. Whatl Are we to serve God only when 
 there is nothing to suffer, and no risk of hfe?" 
 
 Upon T>e Flsle's map of Louisiana, published 
 nearly two centuries ago, there appears the Lake 
 of the Ottawas, and the Lake of the Old or De- 
 serted Settlement, west of Green Bay, and south 
 of Lake Superior. The Lake of the Old Planta- 
 tion is supposed to have been the spot occupied 
 by the Ilurons at the time when Menard attempt- 
 ed to visit them. One way of access to this seclu- 
 ded spot was from Lake Superior to the head- 
 waters of the Ontanagon River, and then by a port- 
 age, to the lake. It could also be reached from 
 the headwaters of the Wisconsin, Black and Chip- 
 pewa Rivers, and some have said that Menard 
 descended the Wisconsin and ascended the Black 
 River. 
 
 Perrot, who lived at the same time, writes: 
 "Father Menard, who was sent as missionary 
 among the Outaouas [Utaw-wawsJ accompanied 
 by certain Frenchmen who were going to trade 
 with that people, was left by all who were with 
 him, except one, who rendered to him until death, 
 all of the services and help that he could have 
 hoped. The Father followed the Outaouas f Utaw- 
 wawsjto the Lake of the Illinoets [lUino-ay, now 
 Michigan] and m their flight to the Louisiaune, 
 [Mississippi] to above the Black River. There 
 this missionary had but one Frenchman for a 
 companion. This Frenchman carefully followed 
 the route, and made a portage at the same place 
 as the Outaouas. He found himself in a rapid, 
 one day, that was carrying him away in his canoe. 
 The Father, to assist, debarked from his own, but 
 did not find a good path to come to liim. He en- 
 tered one that had been made by beasts, and de- 
 siring to return, became confused in a labyrinth 
 of trees, and was lost. Tlie Frenchman, after 
 having ascended the rapids with great labor, 
 awaited the good Father, and, as he did not come, 
 resolved to search for him. With all his might, 
 for several days, he called his name in the wooils, 
 hoping to find him, but it was useless. He met, 
 however, a Sakis [Sauk] who was carrying the 
 camp-kettle of the missionary, and who gave liim 
 some intelligence. He assured him tliat he had 
 found his foot -prints at some distance, but that 
 he had not seen the Father. He told him, also, 
 that he had found the tracks of .several, who were 
 going towards the Scioux. He declared that he 
 supposed that the Scioux might have killed or 
 captured him. Indeed, several years aftei-wards,
 
 EXPLOBERS AND PIOXEERS OF MIXXESOTA. 
 
 there were found among this tribe, his breviary 
 and cassock, which they exposed at then- festivals, 
 makmg offerings to them of food." 
 
 In a journal of the Jesuits. Menard, about the 
 seventh or eighth of August, 1661. is said to have 
 been lost. 
 
 GroselUers (Gro-zay-yay). while Menard was 
 endeavoring to reach the retreat of the Hurons_ 
 which he had made known to the authorities of 
 Canada, was pushuig through the country of the 
 Assuieboines. on the northwest shore of Lake 
 Superior, and at length, probably by Lake Alem- 
 pigon, or Xepigon. reached Hudson's Bay. and 
 early in May. 1662. returned to Montreal, and 
 surprised its citizens ^rtth his tale of new discov- 
 eries toward the Sea of the North. 
 
 The Hurons tUd not remain long toward the 
 sources of the Black Eiver. after Menard's disap- 
 pearance, and deserting their plantations, jouied 
 their alUes, the Ottawas, at La Pointe, now Bay- 
 field, on Lake Superior, "\\liile here, they deter- 
 mined to send a war party of one hundred against 
 the Sioux of ilille Lacs (Mil Lak) region. At 
 length they met their foes, who drove them into 
 one of the thousand marshes of the water-shed 
 between Lake Superior and the Mississippi, where 
 they hid themselves among the tall grasses. The 
 Sioux, suspectmg that thev might attempt to es- 
 cape in the night, cut up beaver skins into strips, 
 and himg thereon little bells, which they had ob- 
 tained from the French traders. The Hurons. 
 emerging from their watery hiding place, stumbled 
 over the unseen cords, ringing the beUs, and the 
 Sioux instantly attacked, killing aU but one. 
 
 About the year 1665. four Frenchmen visited 
 the Sioux of ^linnesota. from the west end of 
 Lake Superior, accompanied b> an Ottawa chief, 
 and m the summer of the same year, a flotilla of 
 canoes laden with peltries, came down to Mon- 
 treal. Upon their return, on the eighth of Au- 
 gust, the Jesuit Father, AUouez. accompanied the 
 traders, and, by the first of October, reached Che- 
 goimegon Bay. on or near the site of the modern 
 Xovra of Bayfield, on Lake Superior, where he 
 found the refugee Hurons and Ottawas. "While 
 on an excursion to Lake Alempigon. now Xe- 
 pigon, this missionary saw, near the mouth of 
 Saint Louis Eiver, in ;Minnesota. some of the 
 Sioux. He -mites : " There is a tribe to the west 
 of this, toward the great river called Messipi. 
 
 They are forty or fifty leagues from liere. in n 
 country of prairies, abounding in all kinds of 
 game. They liave fields, in which they do not 
 sow Indian corn, but only tobacco. Pro%'idence 
 has pro\ided them with a species of marsh rice, 
 whicli, toward the end of summer, they go to col- 
 lect in certain small lakes, that are covered with 
 it. They presented me with some when I was at 
 the extremity of Lake Tracy [Superior], where I 
 saw them. They do not use tlie gun. but only 
 the bow and arrow vith great dexterity. Their 
 cabins are not covered with bark, but with deer- 
 skins well dried, and stitched together so that the 
 cc)ld does not enter. These jieople are above all 
 other savage and warhke. In our presence they 
 seem abashed, and were motionless as statues. 
 Tliey speak a language entirely unknown to us, 
 and the savages about here do not tmderstand 
 them." 
 
 The mission at La Pointe was not encouraging, 
 and Alliiupz. " weary of their obstinate unbelief." 
 departed, but Marquette succeeded liim for a brief 
 period. 
 
 The •• Relations" of the Jesuits for 1670-71, 
 allude to the Sioux or Dakt)tahs. and their attack 
 upon the refugees at La Pointe : 
 
 •• There are certain people caUed Xadoussi, 
 dreaded by their neighbors, and altliough they 
 only use the bow and arrow, they use it with so 
 much skill and dexterity, that in a moment they 
 fill the air. After the Parthian method, they 
 turn their heads in flight, and discliarge their ar- 
 rows so rapidly that they are to be feared no less 
 in their retreat than in their attack. 
 
 •• They dwell on the shores and around the 
 great river ^lessipi. of which we shall speak. 
 They number no less than fifteen populous towns, 
 and yet they know not how to cidtivate the earth 
 by seeding it, contenting themselves with a sort 
 of marsh rye, which we call wild oats. 
 
 •• For sixty leagues from the extremity of the 
 upper lakes, towards sunset, and, as it were, in 
 the centre of the western nations, they have all 
 united their force by a general league, which has 
 been made against them, as against a common 
 enemy. 
 
 ■• They speak a pecuhar language, entirely dis- 
 tinct from that of the Algonquins and Hurons, 
 whom they generally surpass in generosity, since 
 they often content themselves ■with the glory of
 
 GBOSELLIEES AND BADISSON IN THE ENGLISH SEIi VICE. 
 
 having obtained the victory, and release the pris- 
 oners they have taken in battle. 
 
 " Our Outouacs of the Pomt of the Holy Ghost 
 [La Pointe, now Bayfield] had to the present time 
 kept up a kind of peace with them, but affairs 
 having become embroiled during last winter, and 
 some murders ha\ing been committed on both 
 sides, our savages had reason to apprehend that 
 the storm would soon burst upon them . and j iidged 
 that it was safer for them to leave the place, which 
 in fact they did in the spring." 
 
 Marquette, on the 13th of September. 1660. 
 writes : " The Nadouessi are the Iroquois of tins 
 country. * * * they lie northwest of the Mission 
 of the Holy Ghost [La Pointe, the modern Bay- 
 field] and we have not yet visited them, having 
 confined ourselves to the conversion of the Otta- 
 was." 
 
 Soon after this, hostilities began between the 
 Sioux and the Iluroiisaiid Ottawas of La Pointe, 
 and the former compelled their foes to seek an- 
 other resting place, toward the eastern extremity 
 of Lake Superior, and at length they pitched 
 their tents at ^Mackinaw. 
 
 In 1674, some Sioux warriors came down to 
 Sault Saint Marie, to make a treaty of peace with 
 adjacent tribes. A friend of the Abbe de Galli- 
 nee wrote that a council was had at the fort to 
 which "the Nadouessioux sent twelve deputies. 
 and the others forty. During the conference, 
 one of the latter, knife in hand, drew near the 
 breast of one of the Nadouessioux, who showed 
 surprise at the movement ; when the Indian with 
 the knife reproached him for cowardice. The 
 Nadouessioux said he was not afraid, when the 
 other planted the knife in his heart, and killed 
 him. All the savages then engaged in conflict, 
 and the Nadouessioux bravely defended them- 
 selves, but, overwhelmed by numbers, nine of 
 them were killed. The two who survived rushed 
 into the chapel, and closed the door. Here they 
 found munitions of war, and fired guns at their 
 enemies, who became anxious to burn down the 
 cliapel, but the Jesuits would not permit it, be- 
 cause they had their skins stored between its roof 
 and ceiling. In this extremity, a Jesuit, Louis 
 Le Boeme, advised tliat a cannon should lie point- 
 ed at the door, which was discharged, and the two 
 brave Sioux were killed." 
 
 Governor Frontenuc of Canada, was indignant 
 
 at the occurrence, and in a letter to Colbert, one 
 of the Ministers of Louis the Fourteenth, speaks 
 in condemnation of this discharge of a cannon by 
 a Brother attached to the Jesuit Mission. 
 
 From this period, the missions of the Church of 
 Rome, near Lake Superior, began to wane. Shea. 
 a devout historian of that church, writes: •• In 
 1680, Father Enjalran was apparently alone at 
 Green Bay, and Pierson at ilackinaw ; the latter 
 mission still comprising the two villages, Hiu-on 
 and Kiskakon. Of the other missions, neither 
 Le Clerq nor Hennepin, the Recollect, writers of 
 the ^Vest at this time, makes any mention, or in 
 any way alludes to their existence, and La lion- 
 tan mentions the Jesuit missions only to ridicule 
 them.'' 
 
 The Pigeon River, a part of tlie northern boun- 
 dary of Mhmesota, was called on the French maps 
 GroselUer's River, after the first explorer of Min- 
 nesota, whose career, with his associate Radisson, 
 became quite prominent in connection with the 
 Hudson Bay region. 
 
 A disagreement occurring between Groselliers 
 and his partners in Quebec, he proceeded to Paris, 
 and from thence to London, where he was intro- 
 duced to the nephew of Charles I., who led the 
 cavalry charge against Fairfax and Cromwell at 
 Naseby. afterwards commander of the Englisli 
 fleet. The Prince listened with pleasure to the 
 narrative of travel, and endorsed the plans for 
 prosecuting the fur trade and seeking a north- 
 west passage to Asia. The scientific men of Eng- 
 land were also full of the enterprise, in the hope 
 that it would increase a knowledge of nature. 
 The Secretary of the Royal Society wrote to Rob- 
 ert Boyle, the distinguished philosopher, a too 
 sanguine letter. His words were : •' Surely I need 
 not tell you from hence what is said here, with 
 great joy, of the discovery of a northwest passage; 
 and by two Englishmen and one Frenchman 
 represented to his Majesty at Oxford, and an- 
 swered by the grant of a vessel to sail into Hud- 
 son's Bay and channel into the South Sea." 
 
 The ship Nonsuch was fitted out, in charge of 
 Captam Zachary GOIam, a son of one of the early 
 settlers of Boston ; and in this vessel Groselliers 
 and Radisson left the Thames, in .June, 166S, and 
 in September reached a tributary of Hudson's 
 Bay. The next year, by way of Boston, they re- 
 turned to England, and in UuO. a trading com-
 
 6 
 
 EXPLOREBS AND PIONEERS OF MINNESOTA. 
 
 pany -was chartered, still known among venerable 
 English coi-poratious as " The Hudson's Bay 
 Company."' 
 
 The Reverend Mother of the Incarnation, Su- 
 perior of the I'isulines of Quebec, iu a letter of 
 the :27th of August. 1G70, writes thus : 
 
 " It vas about this time that a Frenchman of 
 our Touraine. named des Groselliers. married in 
 this country, and as he had not been successful 
 in making a furtuue. was seized witli a fancy to 
 go to ;N'ew England to better his condition, lie 
 excited a hope among the English that he had 
 found a passage to the Sea of the North. "With 
 this expectation, he was sent as an envoy to Eng- 
 knd. where there was given to liim. a vessel. 
 with crew and every tiling necessary for the voy- 
 age. "With these advantages, he put to sea. and 
 in place of the usual route, which others had ta- 
 ken in vain, he sailed in another direction, and 
 searched so wide, that he found the grand Bay of 
 the Xorth. He foiuid large population, and filled 
 Ms ship or sliips ■\\itli peltries of great value. * * * 
 
 He has taken possession of this great region for 
 
 the King of England, and for his personal benefit 
 A publication for the benefit of tliis French ad- 
 venturer, has been made in England. He was 
 a youth when he arrived here, aud his wife and 
 children are yet here." 
 
 Talon, Intendent of Justice in Canada, in a dis- 
 patch to Colbert, Minister of the Colonial Depart- 
 ment of France, wrote on the 10th of November, 
 lUTO, that he has received intelligence that two 
 English vessels are approaching Hudson's Bay, 
 and adds : " After reflecting on all the nations 
 that might have penetrated as far north as that, 
 I can alight on only the English, who, under the 
 guidance of a man named Des Grozellers. for- 
 merly an inhabitant of Canada, might possibly 
 have attempted tliat navigation.'" 
 
 After years of service on the shores of Hudson's 
 Bay. either with English or French trading com- 
 panies, the old explorer died in Canada, and it lias 
 been said that his son went to England, where he 
 was living iu 1696, iu receipt of a pension.
 
 HA Hh Y MENTIoy OF LAKE SVPEJilOB COPPER. 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 EAHLY MENTION OF LAKE SUPERIOR COPPER. 
 
 Safrard, A D. 1636, on Copper Minep.— BoHcher. A D, 1640, Describes Lake Supc 
 ri,T Coppi-r - losuit Relations, A. D 1661,-07.— Copper on Isle Royals.— Half- 
 Breed Voyageur Goes to France with Talon.— Jolliet and Pcrrot Search for 
 Cupper.— St. Liisson Plants the French Arms at Sault St. Marie.— Copper at 
 Ontanagon and Head of Lake Superior. 
 
 Before white men luid explored tlie shores of 
 Lake Superior, Iiulians liad broiiglit to the tra- 
 ding posts of the St. Lawrence River, specimens of 
 copper from that region. Sagard, In his History 
 of Canada, publislied in 1636, at Paris, writes: 
 '• Tliere are mines of copper wliicli miglit lie made 
 profitable, if there were iiiliabitants and work- 
 men who would labor faithfully. That would be 
 done if colonies were, establislied. About eighty 
 or one hundred leagues from the Hurons, tliere 
 is a mine of copper, from wliicli Truchemont 
 Brusle showed me an in.got, on his return from a 
 voyage wliieh ho made to the neigliboring nation." 
 
 Pierre Boucher, grandfatiier of Sieur de la Ve- 
 rendrye, the explorer of the lakes of the northern 
 boundary of jNIinnesota, in a volume puljlislied 
 A. D. 1640, also at Paris, writes : ■' In Lake Su- 
 perior there is a great island, fifty or one hundred 
 leagues in circumference, in which there is a very 
 beautiful mine of copper. There are otlier places 
 in tliose quarters, wliere there are similar mines ; 
 so I learned from four or five Frenchmen, wlio 
 lately returned. Tliey were gone three years, 
 without finding an opportunity to return ; tliey 
 tohl me that they had seen an ingot of copper all 
 refined which was on the coast, and weighed more 
 than eight hundred pounds, according to their es- 
 timate. They said that the savages, on passing 
 it, made a fire on it, after wliich they cut off pie- 
 ces with their axes." 
 
 In the Jesuit Relations of 1666-67, there is this 
 description of Isle Royale : " Advancing to a 
 place called the Grand Anse, we meet with an 
 island, three leagues from land, which is cele- 
 brated for tlie metal wliich is found there, and 
 for the tliuniler whicli takes place there; for they 
 say it always thunders there. 
 
 " But farther towards the west on the same 
 nortli shore, is the island most famous for copper, 
 Minong (Isle Royale). This island is twenty-five 
 leagues in length ; it is seven from the mainland, 
 and sixty from the head of the lake. Nearly all 
 around the island, on tlie water's edge, pieces of 
 copper are found mixed with pebbles, but espe- 
 cially on the side which is opposite the south, 
 and principally in a certain bay, which is near 
 the northeast exposure to the great lake. * * * 
 
 " Advancing to the head of the lake (Fon du 
 Lac) and returning one day"s journey by the south 
 coast, there is seen on the edge of the water, a 
 rock of copper weighing seven or eight hundred 
 pounds, anil is so hard that steel can hardlycut it, 
 but when it is heated it cuts as easily as lead. 
 Near Point Chagouamigong [Sha - gah - wall - mik- 
 ong, near Bayfield] where a mission was establish- 
 ed rocks of copper and plates of the same metal 
 were found. * * * Returning still toward the 
 moutli of the lake, following the coast on the south 
 as twenty leagues from the place last mentioned, 
 we enter the river called Xantaouagan [Ontona- 
 gon] on which is a liill where stones and copper 
 fall into the water or upon the earth. They are 
 readily found. 
 
 " Three years since we received a piece which 
 was lirought from this place, which weighed a 
 hundred pounds, and we sent it to (Quebec to ilr. 
 Talon. It is not certain exactly where this was 
 broken from. "We think it was from the forks of 
 the river ; others, tliat it was from near the lake, 
 and dug up." 
 
 Talon, Intendent of Justice in Canada, visited 
 France, taking a half-breed voyageur with him, 
 and while in Paris, wrote on the 26lli of Febru- 
 ary, 1669, to Colbert, the Minister of the Jilarine 
 Department. " that this voyageur had penetrated 
 among the western nations farther than any other 
 Frenchman, and had seen the copper mine on 
 Lake Huron. [Superior?] The man oilers to go
 
 8 
 
 EXPLOBEBS AXD PIOXEEBS OF MIXNESOIA. 
 
 to that mine, aud explore, either by sea, or by 
 lake and river, the communicatiou supposed to 
 exist between Canada and the South Sea, or to 
 tlie regions of Hudson's Bay." 
 
 As soon as Talon returned to Canada he com- 
 missioned Jolliet and Pere [Perrot] to search for 
 the mines of copper on the iipper Lakes. Jolliet 
 received an outfit of four hundred IhTes, and four 
 canoes, and Perrot one thousand Uvres. Miuis- 
 ister Colbert -wrote from Paris to Talon, in Feb- 
 ruary, 1671. approving of the search for copper, 
 in these words : ■' The resolution you have taken 
 to send Sieur de La Salle toward the south, and 
 Sieur de St. Lusson to the north, to discover the 
 South Sea passage, is very good, but the principal 
 thmg you ought to apply yourself in discoveries 
 of this nature, is to look for the copper mine. 
 
 " "Were this mine discovered, and its utility 
 evident, it would be an assured means to attract 
 several Frenchmen from old. to Xew France."" 
 
 On the 14th of June, 1671, Saint Lusson at Saidt 
 St. Marie, planted the arms of France, in the pres- 
 ence of Nicholas Perrot. who acted as interpreter 
 on the occasion ; the Sieur Jolliet ; Pierre Moreau 
 or Sieur de la Taupine ; a soldier of the garrison 
 of Quebec, and several other Frenchmen. 
 
 Talon, in annoiuicing Saint Lusson"s explora- 
 tions to Colbert, on the" 2d of November, 1671, 
 WTote from Quebec : '• The copper which I send 
 from Lake Superior and the river Xantaouagan 
 [Ontonagon] proves that there is a mine on the 
 border of some stream, which produces this ma- 
 terial as pure as one could wish. More than 
 twenty Frenchmen have seen one lump at the 
 lake, which they estimate weighs more than eight 
 hmidred poimds. The Jesuit Fathers among the 
 Outaouas [Ou-taw-waws] use an anvil of this ma- 
 terial, which weighs about one hundred pounds. 
 There will be no rest imtil the source from whence 
 these detached limips come is discovered. 
 
 '• The river Xantaouagan fOntouagou] appears 
 
 between two high hUls. the plain above which 
 feeds the lakes, and receives a great deal of snow, 
 which, in melting, forms torrents which wash the 
 borders of this river, composed of solid gravel, 
 which is rolled down by it. 
 
 •• The gravel at the bottom of this, hardens it- 
 self, and assumes different shapes, such as those 
 pebbles which I send to Mr. Bellinzany. My 
 ophiion is that these pebbles, rounded and carried 
 off by the rapid waters, then have a tendency to 
 become copper, by the influence of the sun"s rays 
 which they absorb, and to form other nuggets of 
 metal similar to those which I send to Sieur de 
 Bellinzany. found by the Sieur de Saint Lusson, 
 about four hundred leagues, at some distance from 
 the mouth of the river. 
 
 •• He hoped by the frequent journeys of the 
 savages, and French who are beginning to travel 
 by these routes, to discern the source of croduc- 
 tion."" 
 
 Governor Denon^^lle, of Canada, sixteen years 
 after the above circumstances, -n-rote : " The cop- 
 per, a sample of which I sent M. Arnou. is fotuid 
 at the head of Lake Superior. The body of the 
 nune has not yet been discovered. I have seen 
 one of our voyageurs who assures me that, some 
 fifteen months ago he saw a lump of two himdred 
 weight, as yellow as gold, in a river which falls 
 into Lake Superior. "When heated, it could be 
 cut with an axe : but the superstitious Indians, 
 regarding this boulder as a good spirit, would 
 never permit him to take any of it away. His 
 opinion is that the frost undermined this piece, 
 ;ind that the mine is in that river. He has prom- 
 ised to search for it on his way back."" 
 
 In the year 1730. there was some correspond- 
 ence with the authorities in France relative to 
 the discovery of copper at La Pointe. but. practi- 
 cally, little was done by the French, in developing 
 the mineral wealth of Lake Superior.
 
 DU LUTH PLANTS THE FRENCH ARMS IX MINNESOTA. 
 
 ni AFTER ITI. 
 
 DU LtTTH PLANTS THE FKENCII \inis TN MINNESOTA 
 
 Da Luth's Relatives. — Randin Visits Extremity of I^ke Superior. — Du Luth 
 Plants King's Arms.—Post at Kaministigoya. — Pierre MoreaF. alias LaTaupine. 
 — La Salle's Visit.— A Pilot Deserts to the Sioux Country.— uaffart, Du Luth's 
 Interpreter.— Descent of the River St. Croix.— Meets Father Hennepin.— Crit- 
 icised hy La Salle— Trades with New England. —Visits France. — In Command 
 at Mackinaw.— Frenchmen Murdered at Keweenaw — Du Lulh Arrests and 
 Shoots Murderers.— Builds Fort ahove Detroit. — With Indian Allies in the 
 Seneca War.-Du Luth's Brother —Cadillac Defends the Brandy Trade,— Du 
 Luth Disapproves of Selling Brandy to the Indians.— In Command at Fort 
 Frontenac. — Death. 
 
 In the year 1678, several prominent merchants 
 of Quebec ami Montreal, with the support of 
 Governor Frontenac of Canada, formed a com- 
 pany to open trade with the Sioux of ^Minnesota, 
 and a nephew of Patron, one of these merchants, 
 a brother-in-law of Sieur de Lnsigny, an ofHcer 
 of the Governor's Guards, named Daniel Grey- 
 solon Du Luth [Doo-loo]. a native of St. (4ermain 
 en Laye, a few miles from Paris, although Lahon- 
 tan speaks of him as from Lyons, ■was made the 
 leader of the expedition. At the battle of Seneffe 
 against the Prince of Orange, he was a gendarme, 
 and one of the King's guards. 
 
 Du Luth was also a cousin of Henry Tonty, who 
 had been in the revolution at Naples, to throw off 
 the Spanish dependence. Du Luth"s name is va- 
 riously spelled in the documents of his day. Hen- 
 nepin ■writes, "Du Luth;" others, "Dulhut."" 
 " Du Lhu," " Du Lut," " De Luth," " Du Lud." 
 
 The temptation to procure valuable furs from 
 the Lake Superior region, contrary to the letter 
 of the Canadian law, was very great ; and more 
 than one Governor winked at the contraband 
 trade. Randin, who visited tlie extremity of 
 Lake Superior, distributed presents to the Sioux 
 and Ottawas in the name of Governor Frontenac, 
 to secure the trade, and after his death, Du Luth 
 was sent to complete w hat he had begun. With 
 a party of twenty, seventeen Frenchmen and 
 three Indians, he left Quebec on the first of 
 September, 1078, and on the lifth of April. 1679, 
 Du Luth writes to Governor Frontenac. that he 
 is in the woods, about nine miles from Sault St. 
 Marie, at the entrance of Lake Superior, and 
 
 adds that : he '• will not stir from the Xadous- 
 sioux, until further orders, and, peace being con- 
 cluded, he will set up the King's Arms ; lest the 
 Englisli and other Europeans settled towards 
 California, take possession of the country." 
 
 On the second of July, 1679, he caused his 
 Majesty's Arms to be planted in the great \dllage 
 of the Nadoussioux, called Kathio, wliere no 
 Frenchman had ever been, and at Songaskicons 
 and Houetbatons, one hundred and twenty leagues 
 distant from the former, where he also set up the 
 Kmg's Arms. In a letter to Seignalay, published 
 for the first time by Ilarrisse, he writes that it 
 was in the viUage of Izatys [Issati]. Upon Fran- 
 quelin's map. the Mississippi branches into the 
 Tintonha [Teeton Sioux] country, and not farfrom 
 here, he alleges, was seen a tree upon which was 
 this legend: " Arms of the King cut on this tree 
 in the year 1679." 
 
 lie established a post at Kamanisiigoya, which 
 wa:i distant fifteen leagues from the Grand Port- 
 age at the western extremity of Lake Superior ; 
 and here, on the fifteenth of September, he held 
 a council with the Assenipoulaks [Assineboines] 
 and other tribes, and urged them to be at peace 
 with the Sioux. During this summer, he dis- 
 patched Pierre Moreau, a celebrated voyageirr, 
 nicknamed LaTaupine, with letters to Governor 
 Frontenac, and valuable furs to the merchants. 
 His arrival at Quebec, created some excitement. 
 It was charged that the Governor corresponded 
 with Du Luth, and that he passed the beaver, 
 sent by him, in the name of merchants in his in- 
 terest. The Intendant of Justice, Du Chesneau, 
 wrote to the Minister of the Colonial Department 
 of France, that " the man named La Taupine, a 
 famous coureur des bois, who set out in the month 
 of September of last year, 1678, to go to the Ou- 
 tawacs, with goods, and who has always been in- 
 terested with the Governor, having returned tliis 
 year, and I, being advised that he had traded ui
 
 10 
 
 EXPLOBEBS AND PIONEEBS OF MINNESOTA. 
 
 two days, one hundred and fifty beaver robes in 
 one village of this tribe, amoimtinu to nearly nine 
 hxmdred heavere. whieli is a matter of public no- 
 toriety : and that he left wth Du Liit two men 
 whom he had with him. considered myself botmd 
 to have him an-ested. and to interrouate lum : but 
 having presented me with a license from the Gov- 
 ernor, permitting him and liis comrades, named 
 Lamonde and Dupuy. to repaii- to the Outawac, 
 to execute his secret orders. I had liim set at 
 liberty : and immediately on his going out. Sieur 
 Prevost. Town Mayor of Quebec, came at the head 
 of some soldiers to force the prison, in case he 
 was still there, pursuant to his orders from the 
 Governor, in these terms : •■ Sieur Prevost, Mayor 
 of Quebec, is ordered, in case the Intendant arrest 
 Pierre Moreau alias La Taupine. whom we have 
 sent to Quebec as bearer of our dispatches, upon 
 pretext of his having been in the bush, to set him 
 forthwith at liberty, and to employ every means 
 for this puniose. at his peril. Done at Montreal, 
 theotli Sppteml)er. 1679. "' 
 
 La Tauiiine. in due time returned to Lake Su- 
 perior with another consignment of merchandise. 
 The interpreter of Du Lutli. and trader with the 
 Sioux, was FafEart, who had been a soldier under 
 La Salle at Fort Frontenae. and had deserted. 
 
 La Salle was commissioned in UiTS, by the 
 King of France, to explore the West, and trade in 
 Cibola, or buffalo skins, and on conditit)n that he 
 did not traflSc with the Ottauwaws. who carried 
 their beaver to ^Montreal. 
 
 On the 21t\\ of August. ItiTV). he arrived at 
 Mackinaw, in the ■■ Griffin." the first sailing ves- 
 sel on the great Lakes of the West, and from 
 thence went to Green IJay. ^^■here. in the face of 
 his commission, he traded for beaver. Loading 
 his vessel with peltries, he sent it back to Niag- 
 ara, while he. in canoes, proceeded with his ex- 
 pedition to the Illinois Eiver. The ship was 
 never heard of. and for a time supposed to be lost, 
 but La Salle afterward learned from a Pawnee 
 boy fourteen or tifteen years of age. who was 
 brougiit prisoner to his fort ou the Illinois by some 
 Indians, that the pilot of the " Griffin "4iad been 
 among the tribes of the Tapper Missouri. lie had 
 ascended the Mississippi with four others in two 
 birch canoes with goods and some hand grenades, 
 taken from the ship, with the intention of join 
 ing Du Luth, who had for months been trading 
 
 with the Sioux : and if their efforts were imsuc- 
 cessful, they expected to push on to the English, 
 at Hudson's Bay. While ascending the Missis- 
 sippi they were attacked by Indians, and the pilot 
 and one other only sunived. and they were sold 
 to the Indians on the Missouri. 
 
 In tlie month of June, 1680. Du Luth, accom- 
 panied by Faffart, an interpreter, with four 
 Frenchmen, also a Chippeway and a Sioux, with 
 two canoes, entered a river, the mouth of which 
 is eight leagues from the head of Lake Superior 
 on the South side, named Xemitsakouat. Reach- 
 ing its head waters, by a short portage, of half a 
 league, he reached a lake which was the source 
 of the Saint Croix River, and by this, he and his 
 companions were the first Eiu'opeans to journey 
 in a canoe from Lake Superior to the Mississippi. 
 
 La Salle writes, that Du Luth. finding that 
 the Sioux were on a hunt in the Mississippi val- 
 ley, below the Saint Croix, and that Accault, Au- 
 gelle and Ilenneiiin. who had come np from the 
 Illinois a few weeks before, were with them, de- 
 scended until he found them. In the same letter 
 he disregards the truth in order to disparage his 
 rival, and writes: 
 
 '• Thirty-eight or forty leagues above the Chip- 
 peway they found the river by which the Sieur 
 Du Luth did descend to the Mississippi. He had 
 l)een three years, contrary to ordere. with a com- 
 pany of twenty •' coureurs du bois" on Lake Su- 
 perior; he had borne himself bravely, proclaiming 
 everywhere that at the head of his brave fellows 
 he did not fear tlie Grand Prevost, and that he 
 would compel an amnesty. 
 
 '• AMiile he was at Lake Superior, the Xadoue- 
 sioux. enticed by the presents that the late Sieur 
 Randin had made on the part of Count Fronte- 
 nae. and the Sauteurs [Ojibways]. who are the sav- 
 ages who carry the peltries to Moutreal. and who 
 dwell on Lake Superior, wishing to obey the re- 
 peated ordere of the Count, made a peace to 
 unite the Sauteurs and French, and to trade with 
 the Xadouesioux. situated al)out sixty leagues to 
 the west of Lake Superior. Du Luth. to disgtiise 
 his desertion, seized the opportunity to make 
 some reputation for liimself, seniUng Xwo messen- 
 gers to tlie Count to negotiate a truce, during 
 wiiich period their comrades negotiated stUl bet- 
 ter for beaver. 
 
 Several conferences were held with the Xa-
 
 FAFFABT, BU LUTW8 INTEBPBETEB. 
 
 11 
 
 doiiessioux, and as he needed an interpreter, he led 
 off one of mine, named Faffart. formerly a sol- 
 dier at Fort Frontenac. During this period there 
 were frequent visits between the Sauteurs [Ojib- 
 ways] and Nadouesioux. and supjiosing tliat it 
 miglit increase the number of beaver skins, he 
 sent Faffart by land, witli the Nadouesioux and 
 Sauteurs [Ojibways]. Tlie young man on his re- 
 turn, liaving given an account of tlie (piantity of 
 beaver in that region, lie wished to proceed thither 
 himself, and, guided by a Sauteur and a Nadoue- 
 sioux, and four Frenchmen, he ascended the river 
 Xemitsakouat, wliere. by a short portage, he de- 
 scended that stream, whereon he passed through 
 forty leagues of rapids [Upper St. Croix River], 
 an<l finding that the Xadnuesioux were below with 
 my men and tlie F.Uher, who had come down 
 again from the village of the Nadouesioux, he 
 discovered them. They went up again to the 
 village, and from thence they all together came 
 down. They returned by the river Ouisconsing, 
 and came back to Montreal, where Du Luth in- 
 sults the commissaries, and the deputy of the 
 'procuieur general,' named d'Auteuil. t'oiuit 
 Frontenac liad him arrested and imprisoned in 
 the castle of Quebec, with the intention of return- 
 ing him to France for tlie amnesty accorded to 
 the coureurs des bois. did not release him." 
 
 At this very period, another party charges 
 Frontenac as being Du Luth's particular friend. 
 
 Du Luth, during the fall of 1681, was engaged 
 in the beaver trade at Montreal and Quebec. 
 Du Chesneau, the Intendant of Justice for Can- 
 ada, on the 13th of November, 1681, wrote to the 
 Marquis de Siegnelay^ In Paris : " Not content 
 with llie profits to be derived from the countries 
 under the King's donunion, the desire of making 
 money everywhere, has led the Governor [Fron- 
 tenac], Boisseau, Du Lut and Patron, his uncle, 
 to send canoes loaded with peltries, to the En- 
 glish. It is said sixty thousand livres" worth has 
 been sent thither ;" and he further stated that 
 there was a very general report that within five 
 or si.\ days, Frontenac and liis associates had di- 
 vided the money received from tlie beavers sent 
 to New England. 
 
 At a conference in Quebec of some of the dis- 
 tinguished men in that city, relative to difficulties 
 with the Iroquois, held on tlie Kith of October, 
 1682, Du Luth was present. From thence he went 
 
 to France, and, early in 1683, consulted witli the 
 JSIinister of Marine at Versailles relative to tlie 
 interests of trade in the Hudson's Bay and Lake 
 Superior region. Upon his return to Canada, he 
 departed for Mackinaw. Governor De la Barre, 
 on the Otli of November. 1683, wrote to tlie Frencli 
 Government that the Inilians west and north of 
 Lake Superior, " wlien they heard by expresses 
 sent tliem by Du Lhut, of his arrival at Missili- 
 makinak. that he was coming, sent him word to 
 come quickly and they would unite with him to 
 prevent others going tliither. If I stop that pa.ss 
 as I hope, and as it is necessary to do, as tlie Eng- 
 lish of the Bay [Hudson's] excite against us the 
 savages, whom Sieur Du Lhut alone can quiet." 
 
 Wliile stationed at ]\Iackinaw he was a i)artici- 
 paiit in a tragic occurrence. Durhig tlie summer 
 of 1683 Jacques le Maire and Colin Berthot, while 
 on their way to trade at Keweenaw, on Lake Su- 
 perior, were suqirised by three Indians, robbed, 
 and murdered. Du Luth was prompt to arrest 
 and punish the assasshis. In a letter from Mack- 
 inaw, dated April 12, 1'684, to the Governor of 
 Canada, lie writes: "Be pleased to know. Sir, 
 that on the 24th of October last, I was told that 
 Folle Avoine, accomplice in the nmnler and roli- 
 bery of the two Frenchmen, had arrived at Sault 
 Ste. Marie with fifteen families of the Sauteurs 
 [Ojibways] who had fled from Chagoamigon [La 
 Pointe] on accoimt of an attack wliich they, to- 
 gether with the people of the land, made last 
 Spring upon the Nadouecioux [Dakotahs.] 
 
 " lie believed liimself safe at the Sault, on ac- 
 count of the number of allies and relatives he had 
 there. Rev. Fatlier AUianel informed me tliat 
 the French at the Saut, being only twelve in num- 
 ber, had not arrested him, believing themselves 
 too weak to contend with such numbers, espe- 
 cially as the Sauteurs had declared that they 
 would not allow the French to redden the land 
 of their fathers with the blood of their brotliers. 
 
 " On receiving this information, I immediately 
 resolved to take with me six Frenchmen, and em- 
 bark at tlie dawn of the next day for Sault Ste. 
 Marie, and if possible obtain possession of the 
 murderer. I made known my design to the Rev. 
 Father Engalran. and, at my request, as he liad 
 some business to arrange with Rev. Father Al- 
 banel, he placed liimself in my canoe. 
 
 " llaviug arrived witliiu a league of the village
 
 12 
 
 EXPLOSERS ASD PIONEERS OF MISKESOTA. 
 
 of the Saut. the Rev. Father, the ChevaUer de 
 Foureille. CardonnieiTe. ami I disembarked. I 
 caused the canoe, iu which were Baribaud. Le 
 Mere, La Fortune, and Macons, to proceed, wliile 
 we went across the wood to the house of tlie Kev. 
 Father, fearing that the savages, seehig me. might 
 suspect the object of my visit, and cause FoUe 
 Avoine to escape. Finally, to cut the matter 
 short, I arrested him. and caused him to be 
 guarded day and night by six Frenchmen. 
 
 "I then called a coimcil. at which I requested 
 all the savages of the place to be present, where 
 I repeated what I had often said to the Ilurons 
 and Ottawas since the departure of M. Pere[Per- 
 rot], giving them the message you ordered me. 
 Sir. that in case there should be among tliem any 
 spirits so evil disposed as to follow the exainiile 
 of those who have murdered the French on L;dce 
 Superior and Lake Michigan, they must separate' 
 the guiltj' from the innocent, as I did not wish 
 the whole nation to suffer, unless they protected 
 the guilty. * * * The savages held several 
 coimcils, to which I was in\ited, b:.t their only 
 object seemed to lie to exculpate the prisoner, in 
 order that I might release him. 
 
 •• All imited in accusing Achiganaga and bis 
 cliildren. assuiing themselves with the belief that 
 M. Fere, [Perrot] with his detachment would not 
 be able to arrest them, and wishing to persuade 
 me that they apprehended that all the Frenchmen 
 might be killed. 
 
 •• I answered them. * * * ■ As to the antici- 
 pated death of yi. Pere [Perrot]. as well as of the 
 other Frenclmien. that would not embarrass me. 
 since I believed neither the allies nor the nation 
 of Achiganaga would wish to have a war with us 
 to sustain an action so dark as that of which we 
 were speakuig. Ilavmg only to attack a few 
 murderers, or. at most, those of their own family. 
 I was certaui tliat the French would have tliem 
 dead or aUve.' 
 
 " This was the answer they had from me during 
 the three days that the comicils lasted ; after 
 which I embarked, at ten o'clock m the morning, 
 sustained by only twelve Frenchmen, to show a 
 few unruly persons who boasted of taking the 
 prisoner away fioia me. that the French did not 
 fear them. 
 
 " Daily I received accoimts of the niuuber of 
 savages that Achiganaga drew from his nation to 
 
 Kiaonan [Keweenaw] xmder pretext of going to 
 war in the spring agamst the Xadouecioux. to 
 avenge the death of one of his relatives, son of Ou- 
 enaus, but really to protect him.self against us, 
 ui case we should become convinced that liis chil- 
 dren had killed the Frenchmen. This precaution 
 placed me between hope and fear respecting tlie 
 expedition which M. Pere [Perrot] had mider- 
 taken. 
 
 •• On the 24th of November, [1683]. he came 
 across the wood at ten o'clock at night, to tell me 
 that he had arrested Achiganaga and four of his 
 children. He said they were not all guilty of the 
 murder, but had thought proper, in this affair, to 
 follow the custom of the savages, which is to seize 
 all the relatives. Folle Avoine. whom I had ar- 
 rested, he considered the most guilty, bemg with- 
 out doubt the originator of the mischief. 
 
 " I immediately gave orders that Folle Avome 
 should be more closely confined, and not allowed 
 to speak to any one : for I had also learned that 
 he had a brother, sister, and uncle hi the village 
 of the Kiskakons. 
 
 •■ M. Pere informed me that he had released the 
 youngest son of Achiganaga. aged about thirteen 
 or fourteen yeare. that he might make kno^^ii to 
 their nation and the Sauteurs [Ojibways]. who are 
 at Xocke and in tlie neighborhood, the reason 
 wliy the French had arrested his father and bro- 
 thers. M. Pere bade him assure tlie savages that 
 if any one wished to complain of what he had 
 done, he would wait for them with a firm step ; for 
 he considered himself in a condition to set them 
 at defiance, having found at Kiaonau [Keweenaw] 
 eighteen Frenchmen wlm had w intered there. 
 
 "On the 2-5th. at daybreak. M. Pere embarked 
 at the Sault. with foiu' good men whom I gave 
 him. to go and meet the prisoners. lie left them 
 four leagues from there, under a guard of twelve 
 Frenchmen : and at two o'clock in the afternoon, 
 they arrived. I had prepared a room in my house 
 for the prisoners, in wliich they were placed under 
 a strong guard, and were not allowed to converee 
 with any one. 
 
 "On the 26th. I commenced proceedings ; and 
 this. sir. is the coui-se I pui-sued. I gave notice 
 to all the chiefs and others, to appear at the 
 coimcil which I had appointed, and gave to Folle 
 Avoine the privilege of selecting two of his rela-
 
 INDIANS CONDEMNED TO BE SHOT. 
 
 13 
 
 tives to support his interests ; and to the other 
 prisoners I made tlie same offer. 
 
 " The council being assemliled, I sent for Folle 
 Avoine to be interrogated, and caused liis answers 
 to be written, and afterwards tliey were read to 
 him, and inquiry made wliether tliey were not, 
 word for word, wliat lie had said. lie was then 
 removed under a safe guard. I used the same 
 form with the two eldest sons of Achiganaga, and, 
 as Folle Avoine had indirectly charged the father 
 with bemg accessory to the murder, I sent for 
 him and also for Folle Avoine, and bringmg them 
 into the council, confronted the four. 
 
 " Folle Avoine and the two sons of Achiganaga 
 accused each other of conunitting the murder, 
 without denying that they were participators in 
 the crime. Achiganaga alone strongly maintained 
 that he knew nothing of the design of Folle 
 Avoine, nor of his cliildren, and called on them 
 to say if he had advised them to kill the French- 
 men. They answered, ' Xo.' 
 
 " This confrontation, which the savages did not 
 expect, surjirised them; and, seeing the prisoners 
 had convicted themselves of the murder, the 
 Chiefs said: 'It is enough; you accuse your- 
 selves; the French are masters of your bodies." 
 
 " The next day I held another council, in which 
 I said there could be no doubt tliat the French- 
 men had been murdered, that the murderers were 
 known, and that they knew what was the prac- 
 tice among themselves upon such occasions. To 
 all this they said nothing, which obliged us on 
 the following day to hold another council in the 
 cabin of Brochet, where, after having spoken, and 
 seeing that they ^\•ould make no decision, and that 
 all my councils ended only in reducing tobacco to 
 ashes, I told them that, since they did not wish to 
 decide, I should take the responsibility, and that 
 the next day I would let them know the deter- 
 mination of the French and myself. 
 
 " It is proper. Sir, you should know that I ob- 
 served all these forms only to see if they would 
 feel it their duty to render to us the same justice 
 that they do to each other, having had divers ex- 
 amples in which when the tribes of those who 
 had committed the murder did not wish to go to 
 war with the tribe aggrieved, the nearest rela- 
 tions of the murderers killed them themselves; 
 that is to say, man for man. 
 
 " On the 29th of IS^ovember. I gathered together 
 
 the French that were here, and, after the interro- 
 gations and answers of the accused had been read 
 to them, the guilt of the three appeared so evi- 
 dent, from their own confessions, that the vote 
 was mianimous that all should die. But as the 
 French who remained at Kiaonan to pass the win- 
 ter had written to Father Engalran and to myself, 
 to beg us to treat the affair with all possible len- 
 iency, the savages declaring that if they made 
 the prisoners die they would avenge themselves, 
 I told the gentlemen who were with me in coun- 
 cil that, this l)eing a ease without a precedent. I 
 beUeved it was expedient for the safety of the 
 French who would pass the winter in the Lake 
 Superior coimtry to put to death only two, as that 
 of the third might bring about grievous conse- 
 quences, while the putting to death, man for 
 man, could give the savages no complaint, since 
 this is their custom. M. de la Tour, chief of the 
 Fathers, who had served much, sustained my 
 opinions by strong reasoning, and all decided that 
 two should be shot, namely, Folle Avoine and 
 the older of the two lirothers, while the younger 
 should be released, and hold his life, Sir, as a gift 
 from you. 
 
 '■ I tlien returned to the cabin of Brochet with 
 Messrs. Boisguillot, Pere, De Repentigny, De 
 Manthet, De la Ferte, and Macons. where were 
 all the chiefs of the Outawas du Sable, Outawas 
 Sinagos, Kiskakons. Sauteurs. D'Achiliny. apart 
 of the Ilurons. and Oumamens. the chief of the 
 Amikoys. I informed them of our decision * 
 
 * * that, the Frenchmen having been killed by 
 the different nations, one of each must die, and 
 that the same death they had caused the French 
 to suffer they must also suffer. * * * This 
 decision to put the murderers to death was a hard 
 stroke to them all, for none had beUeved that I 
 would dare to miderta-ke it. * * * I then left 
 the comicil and asked the Rev. Fathers if they 
 wished to baptize the prisoners, which they did. 
 
 "An hour after, I put myself at the head of 
 forty-two Frenchmen, and. in sight of more than 
 four hundred savages, and within two hundred 
 paces of their fort, I caused the two murderers 
 to be shot. The impossibility of keeping them 
 until spring made me hasten their death. * * 
 
 * "WTien M. Pere made the arrest, those who had 
 committed the murder confessed it; and when he 
 asked them what they had done with our goods,
 
 14 
 
 EXPLORERS AXD PIOXEERS OF MIXXESOTA. 
 
 they answered that they were akaost all con- 
 cealed. He proceeded to the place of conceal- 
 ment, and was very much surprised, as were also 
 the French with him. to lind them, in fifteen or 
 twenty different places. By the carelessness of 
 the savages, the tobacco and powder were entire- 
 ly destroyed, having been placed in the pinery, 
 imder the roots of trees, and being soaked in the 
 water caused by ten or twelve days" contmuous 
 rain, which inundated all tlie lower country. 
 The season for snow and ice having come, they 
 had all the trouble in the world to get out the 
 bales of cloth. 
 
 •■ Tliey then went to se? the bodies, but could 
 not remove them, these miserable wretches hav- 
 ing thrown them into a marsh, and thrust them 
 do\\ni into holes which they had made. Xot sat- 
 isfied with this, they had also piled branches of 
 trees upon the bodies, to prevent them from float- 
 ing when the water should rise in the spring, 
 hoping by tliis precaution the French would find 
 no trace of those who were killed, but would think 
 them drowned: as they reported tliat they had 
 foimd in the lake on the other side of the Portage, 
 a boat with the sides all broken in. which they 
 believed to be a French boat. 
 
 " Those goods which the French were able to 
 secure, they took to Kiaonau [Keweenaw], where 
 were a number of Frenchmen who had gone there 
 to pass the winter, who knew nothing of the death 
 of Colin Berthot and Jacques le Maire, until M. 
 Pere arrived. 
 
 '■ The ten who formed M. Pere's detachment 
 having conferred together concerning the means 
 they should take to prevent a total loss, decided 
 to sell the goods to the highest bidder. Tlie sale 
 was made for lioo livres, which was to be paid in 
 beavers, to M. de la Chesnaye, to whom I send 
 the names of the purchsers. 
 
 •• The savages who were present when Achiga- 
 naga and his children were arrested wished to 
 pass the calumet to M. Pere. and give him cap- 
 tives to satisfy him for the murder committed on 
 the two Frenchmen: but he knew their inten- 
 tion, and would not accept their offer. lie told 
 them neither a himdred captives nor a hundred 
 packs of beaver would give back the blood of hi ■. 
 brothers ; that tlie murderers must be given up 
 to me, and I would see what I would do. 
 
 " I caused M. Pere to repeat these things in the 
 
 council, that ui future the savages need not think 
 by presents to save those who commit similar 
 deeds. Besides, sir, il. Pere showed plamly by 
 his conduct, that he is not strongly inclined to 
 favor the savages, as was reported. Indeed. I do 
 not know any one whom they fear more, yet who 
 flatters them less or knows them better. 
 
 •■ The criminals bemg in two different places, 
 il. Pere being obliged to keep four of them, sent 
 ilessrs. de Eepentigny. Manthet. and six other 
 Frenchmen, to arrest the two who were eight 
 leagues in the woods. Among others. M. de Re- 
 pentigny and M. de Manthet showed that they 
 feared nothing when their honor called them. 
 
 " yi. de la Chevrotiere has also ser\-ed well in 
 person, and by his advice, having pointed out 
 where the prisoners were. Achiganaga. who had 
 adopted him as a son, had told him where he 
 should hruit during the winter. ***** 
 It still remained for me to give to Achiganaga and 
 his three children the means to return to his 
 family. Tlieir home from which they were taken 
 was nearly twenty-six leagues from here. Know- 
 ing their necessity, I told them you would not be 
 satisfied in gi\'ing them life ; you wished to pre- 
 serve it, by giving them all that was necessary to 
 prevent them from dying with hunger and cold 
 by the way. and that your gift was made by my 
 hands. I gave them blankets, tobacco, meat, 
 hatchets, knives, twine to make nets for beavers, 
 and two bags of com, to supply them till they 
 could kill game. 
 
 ■• They departed two days after, the most con- 
 tented creatiu-es in the world, but God was not ; 
 for when only two days' journey from here, the 
 old Achiganaga fell sick of the quinsy, and died, 
 and his children r-^tumed. AVhen the news of his 
 death arrived, the greater part of the savages of 
 this place [Mackinaw] attributed it to the Frenc.i, 
 saying we had caused him to die. I let them 
 talk, and laughed at them. It is only about two 
 months since the children of Achiganaga retun e I 
 to Kiaonan."" 
 
 Some of those opposed to Dn Luth and Fron- 
 tenac, prejudiced the King of France relative to 
 the transaction weliave described, and m a letter 
 to the Governor of Canada, the Kmg writes : " It 
 appears to me that one of the principal causes of 
 the war arises from one Du Luth having caused 
 two to be killed who had assassinated two French-
 
 ENGLISH TRADERS CAPTURED. 
 
 15 
 
 men on Lake Superior ; and you sufficiently see 
 now mucli tliis man's voyage, wliicli can not pro- 
 duce any advantage to the colony, and 'vvliicli was 
 permitted only in the interest of some private 
 persons, has contributed to distract the peace of 
 the colony." 
 
 Du Liith and his young brother appear to have 
 traded at the western extremity of Lake Superior, 
 and on the north shore, to Lake Nipegon. 
 
 In June, 1G84, Governor De laBarre sentGuil- 
 let and Hebert from Montreal to request Du Luth 
 and Durantaye to bring down voyageurs and In- 
 dians to assist in an expedition against the Iro- 
 quois of New York. Early in September, they 
 reported on the St. Lawrence, with one hundred 
 and fifty coureurs des bois and three hundred and 
 fifty Indians ; but as a treaty had just been made 
 with tlie Senecas, they returned. 
 
 DelaBarre's successor, Governor Denonville, 
 in a dispatch to the French Government, dated 
 Novemljer 12tli. 168.5, alludes to Du Luth being 
 in the far West, in these words : •' I likewise sent 
 to lil. De la Durantaye, who is at Lake Superior 
 under orders from M. De la Barre, and to Sieur 
 Du Luth, who is also at a great distance in an- 
 other direction, and all so far beyond reach that 
 neither the one nor the other can hear news from 
 me this year ; so that, not being able to see them 
 at soonest, before next July, I considered it best 
 not to think of undertaking any thing during the 
 whole of next year, especially as a great number 
 of our best men are among the Outaouacs, and 
 can not return before the ensuing summer. * * * 
 In regard to Sieur Du Luth, I sent him orders to 
 repair here, so that I may learn the number of 
 savages on whom I may depend. lie is accredit- 
 ed among them, and rendered great services to 
 M. De la Barre b>- a large number of savages he 
 brought to Niagara, who would have attacked 
 the Senecas, was it not for an express order from 
 M. De la Barre to the contrary." 
 
 In 1686, while at Mackinaw, he was orderea to 
 establish a post on the Detroit, near Lake Erie. 
 A portion of the order reads as f illows : " After 
 having given all the orders that you may judge 
 necessary for the safety of this post, and having 
 well secured the obedience of the Iii<Uans, you 
 will return to Michilimackinac, there to await 
 Rev. Father Engelran, by whom I will commu- 
 nicate what I wish of you, there." 
 
 The design of this post was to block the pas- 
 sage of the Englisli to the upper lakes. Before 
 it was established, in the fall of 1686, Thomas 
 Roseboom, a daring trader from Albany, on the 
 Hudson, had found his way to the vicinity of 
 Mackinaw, and by the proifer of brandy, weak- 
 ened the allegiance of tlie tribes to tlie French. 
 
 A canoe coming to Mackinaw with dispatches 
 for the French and their allies, to march to the 
 Seneca comitry, in New York, perceived tliis New 
 York trader and associates, and, giving the alarm, 
 they were met by three hundred coureurs du 
 bois and captured. 
 
 In the spring of 1687 Du Luth, Durantaye, 
 and Tonty all left the vicmity of Detroit for Ni- 
 agara, and as they were coasting along Lake Erie 
 they met another English trader, a Scotchman 
 by birth, and by name Major Patrick McGregor, 
 a person of some influence, going with a number 
 of traders to ^Mackinaw. Having taken him pris- 
 oner, he was sent with Roseboom to Montreal. 
 
 Du Luth, Tonty, and Durantaye arrived at Ni- 
 agara on the 27th of June, 1687, with one hun- 
 dred and seventy French voyageurs, besides In- 
 dians, and on the 10th of July joined the army of 
 Denonville at the mouth of the Genesee River, 
 and on the l.Sth Du Luth and his associates had 
 a skirmish near a Seneca village, now the site of 
 the town of \'ictor, twenty miles southeast of the 
 city of Rochester, New York. Governor Denon- 
 ville, in a report, writes: " On the 13th. about 4 
 o'clock in the afternoon, having passed through 
 two dangerous defiles, we arrived at the third, 
 where we were vigorously attacked by eight hun- 
 dred Senecas, two hundred of whom lired, wish- 
 ing to attack our rear, while the rest would attack 
 our front, but the resistance, made produced 
 such a great consternation that they saon resolved 
 to fly. * * * We witnessed the p.ainful sight 
 of the usual cruelties of the savages, who cut the 
 dead into quarters, as is done in slaughter houses, 
 in order to put them into the kettle. The greater 
 number were opened while still warm, that the 
 blood might be drunk. Our rascally Otaoas dis- 
 tingiushed themselves particularly by these bar- 
 barities. * * * We had five or six men killed 
 on the spot, French and Indians, and about 
 twenty wounded, among the first of wliom was the 
 Rev. Father Angelran, superior of all the Otaoan 
 Missions, by a very severe gun-shot. It is a great
 
 16 
 
 EXPLOBETtS AXD PIOSEEJiS OF MINNESOTA. 
 
 misfortune that this woimd will prevent him go- 
 pg back again, for he is a man of capacity." 
 
 lu tlie ord«r to Du Luth assigning liim to duty 
 at the post on the >site of the modern Fort Gra- 
 tiot, above the city of Detroit, the Governor of 
 Canada said: " If you can so arrange your affairs 
 that your brother can be near you in the Spring. 
 I shall be very glad. lie is an intelligent lad. 
 and might be a great assistance to you; he might 
 also be very serviceable to us." 
 
 This lad. Greysolon de la Tourette, during the 
 ■winter of 16S6-7 was trading among tlie Assina- 
 boines and other tribes at the west end of Lake 
 Superior, but. upon receiving a dispatch, hastened 
 to his brother, journeying in a canoe without any 
 escort from Mackinaw. He did not arrive until 
 after the battle with the Senecas. Governor l)en- 
 onville. on the 2.5th of August, 1687. wrote: 
 
 •• Du Luth's brother, who has recently arrived 
 from the rivers above the Lake of tlie Allempi- 
 gons [Nipegon], assures me that he saw more than 
 fifteen lunidred persons come to trade with liim, 
 and they were very sorry he had not goods suffi- 
 cient to satisfy them. They are of the tribes ac- 
 customed to resort to the English at Port Xelson 
 and River Bourbon, where, they say. they did not 
 go this year, through Sieur Du Lhu's influence." 
 
 After the battle in the vicinity of Rochester, 
 New York, Du Lutli. with his celebrated cousin. 
 Henry Tonty, returned together as far as the post 
 above the present city of Detroit, ^Michigan, but 
 this point, after lt>88, was not again occupied. 
 
 From this period Du Luth becomes less prom- 
 inent. At the time wlien the Jesuits attempted 
 to exclude brandy from the Indian country a bit- 
 ter controversy arose between tliem and the 
 traders. Cadillac, a Gascon b\- birth, command- 
 ing Fort Buade, at Mackuiaw. on August 3, 169-5. 
 WTote to Count Frontenac: " Xow. what reason 
 can we assign that the savages should not drink 
 brandy bought with their ovi-n money as well as 
 weV Is it prohibited to prevent them from be- 
 commg intoxicatedV Or is it because the use of 
 luandy reduces them to extreme .misery, placing 
 it out of their power to make war by depriving 
 them of clothing and arms? If such representa- 
 tions in regard to the Indians have been made to 
 the Coimt, they are very false, as every one knows 
 who is acquainted with the ways of the savages. 
 * * * It is bad faith to represent to the Count 
 
 that the sale of brandy reduces the savage to a 
 state of nudity, arfd by that means places it out 
 of his power to make war, since he never goes to 
 war in any otlier condition. * * * Perhaps it 
 will be said that the sale of brandy makes the 
 labors of the missionaries ;mf ruitf ul. It is neces- 
 sary to examine this proposition. If the mission- 
 aries care for only the extension of commerce, 
 pursuhig the coui-se they have hitherto, I agree 
 to it; but if it is the use of brandy that hinders 
 the advancement of the cause of God. I deny it, 
 for it is a fact wliieh no one can deny that there 
 are a great number of savages who never tlrink 
 brandy, yet who are not. for that, better Chris- 
 tians. 
 
 •■ All the Sioux, the most numerous of all the 
 tribes, who inhabit the region along the shore of 
 Lake Superior, do not even like the smell of 
 brandy. Are they more advanced in religion for 
 tliat? They do not wish to have the subject men- 
 tioned, and when the missionaries address them 
 they only laugh at the foolishness of preaclung. 
 Yet these priests boldly fling before the e\es of 
 Europeans, whole volumes filled with glowing 
 descriptions of the conversion of souls by thou- 
 sands in this country, causing tlie poor missiona- 
 ries from Europe, to run to martyrdom as flies to 
 sugar and honey." 
 
 Du Luth. or Du Lliut. as he wrote his name, 
 during this discussion, was found upon the side 
 of order and good morals. His attestation is as 
 follows : " I certify that at different periods I 
 liave lived about ten years among the Ottawa 
 nation, from the time that 1 made an exploration 
 to the Xadouecioux people until Fort Saint Jo- 
 seph was established by order of the Monsieur 
 Maniuis Denonville, Governor General, at tlie 
 head of the Detroit of Lake Erie, which is in the 
 Iroquois country, and which I had the honor to 
 command. During this period. I liave seen that 
 the trade in eau-de-vie (brandy) produced great 
 disorder, the father killing the son. and the son 
 throwing his mother into the fire: and I maintain 
 that, morally speaking, it is impossible to export 
 brandy to the woods and distant missions, with- 
 out danger of its leading to misery." 
 
 Governor Frontenac. in an expedition against 
 the Oneidas of New York, arrived at Fort Fron- 
 tenac. on the 19th of July. 1695, and Captain Du 
 Luth was left in command with forty soldiers.
 
 DU LUTH AFFLICTED WITH GOUT. 
 
 17 
 
 and masons and carpenters, with orders to erect 
 new buildings. In about four weelcs lie erected 
 a building one hundred and twenty feet in length, 
 containing ofHcers' quarters, store-rooms, a bakery 
 and a chapel. Early in 1697 he was still in com- 
 mand of the post, and in a report it is mentioned 
 that " everybody was then in good health, except 
 Captain Dulhut the commander, who was unwell 
 of the gout." 
 
 It was just before this period, that as a member 
 of the Eoman Catholic Church, he was firmly 
 impressed that he had been helped by prayers 
 which he addressed to a deceased Iroquois girl, 
 who had died in the odor of sanctity, and, as a 
 thank offering, signed tlie following certificate : 
 " I, the subscriber, certify to all whom it may 
 concern, that having been tormented by the gout, 
 for the space of twenty-three years, and with such 
 
 severe pains, that it gave me no rest for the spac 
 of three months at a time, I addressed myself to 
 Catherine Tegahkouita, an Iroquois virgin de- 
 ceased at the Sault Samt Louis, in the reputation 
 of sanctity, and I promised her to visit her tomb, 
 if God should give me health, through her inter- 
 cession. I have been as perfectly cured at the 
 end of one novena, which I made in her honor, 
 that after five months, I have not perceived the 
 slightest touch of ray gout. Given at Fort Fron- 
 tenac, this 18th day of August, 1696." 
 
 As soon as cold weather returned, his old mal- 
 ady again appeared. He died early in A. I). 1710. 
 Marquis de Vaudreuil, Governor of Canada, un- 
 der date of first of May of that year, wrote to 
 Count Pontchartrain, Colonial Minister at Paris, 
 " Captain Du Lud died this winter. He was a 
 very honest man."
 
 18 
 
 EXPLOBEBS AXD PIONEEBS OF MINKESOTA. 
 
 CHAPTER TV. 
 
 FIRST WHI TE MEN AT FALLS OF SAINT ANTHONY OF PADUA. 
 
 Falls ofSt, Anthony Visited l>y White Men.— La Salle Givestlie First Description 
 of Tpper Mississippi Valley.— Accault, the Leader, Accompanied hy Augelle 
 and Hennepin, at Falls of Saint Anthony.— Hennepin Declared Unreliable by 
 La Sjille.— His Early Life.— His First Book Criticised by Ahbe Bernon and 
 Tronson. —Deceptive Map. — First Meeting with Sioux.;— Astonishment at 
 Reading His Breviarj-,— Sioux Name tor Guns.- Accault and Hennepin at 
 Liike Pepin.— Leave the River Below Saint Paul.— At Mille L;ics.— A Sweating 
 Cabin.— Sioux Wonder at Mariner's Compass.— Feare of an Iron Pot.— Making 
 a Dictionary.— lufant Baptised.— Route to the Pacific— Hennepin Descends 
 Rum River.— First Visit to Fails of Saint Anthony.— On a Buffalo Hunt.— Meets 
 Du Luth— Returns to Mille Ucs.— With Du Luth at Falls of St. Anthony.— 
 Returns to France. — Sulisequent Life. — His Books Examined.— Denies in First 
 Book His Descent to the Gulf of Me.vjeo.— Dispute with Du Luth at Falls of St, 
 Anthony.— Patronage of Du Luth.— Tribute to Du Luth.— Hennepin's Answer 
 to Criticisms.— Denounced by D'lber^-ille and Father Graner.— Residence in 
 Rome. 
 
 In the summer of 1680, Michael Aceaiilt (AJ£o), 
 Heiuiepm, the Franciscan missionary. Augelle, 
 Du Luth, and Faffart all \4sited the Falls of 
 Saint Anthony. 
 
 The first description of the valley of the upper 
 Mississippi was written by La SaUe, at Fort 
 Frontenac, on Lake Ontario, on tlie 22d of Au- 
 gust, 1682, a month before liennepui, in Paris, 
 obtained a Ucense to print, and some time before 
 the Franciscan's first -work, -was issued from the 
 press. 
 
 La SaUe's knowledge must have been received 
 from ilicliael Accault, the leader of the expedi- 
 tion, AugeUe, his comrade, or the clerical attache, 
 the Franciscan. Hennepin. 
 
 It differs from Hennepin's narrative in its free- 
 dom from bombast, and if its statements are to 
 be credited, tlie Franciscan must be looked on as 
 one given to exaggeration. The careful student, 
 however, soon learns to be cautious in receiving 
 the statement of any of the early explorers and 
 ecclesiastics of the Northwest. The Franciscan 
 depreciated the Jesuit missionary, and La Salle 
 did not hesitate to misrepresent Du Luth and 
 others for his o^ii exaltation. La Salle makes 
 statements which we deem to be -wide of the 
 truth when his prejudices are aroused. 
 
 At the very time that tlie Inteiulant of Justice 
 in Canada is complaining tliat Governor Fronte- 
 nac is a friend and correspondent of Du Luth, 
 
 La SaUe writes to his friends in Paris, thatDu 
 Lutli is looked upon as an outlaw by the governor. 
 
 While official documents jirove that Du Luth 
 was in ilinnesota a year before Accault and asso- 
 ciates, yet La Salle ■\\Tites: " Moreover, the Xa- 
 donesioux is not a region which he has discov- 
 ered. It is kuowii that it was discovered a long 
 time before, and that the Rev. Father Ileimepin 
 and ilichael Accault were there before him." 
 
 La Salle in this communication describes Ac- 
 cault as one well acquainted with the language 
 and names of the Lidians of the Illinois region, 
 and also " cool, brave, and prudent," and the head 
 of the party of exploration. 
 
 "We now proceed with the first description of 
 the country above the "Wisconsin, to which is 
 given, for the first and only time, by any writer, 
 the Sioux name, Meschetz Odeba, perhaps in- 
 tended for ileshdeke "Wakpa. River of the Foxes. 
 
 He describes the I'pper Mississippi in these 
 words : '• Follo'n'Lng the windings of the Missis- 
 sippi, they found the river Ouiseonsing, "Wiscon- 
 sing, or Meschetz Odeba, which flows between 
 Bay of Puans and the Grand river. * * ■* About 
 twenty-three or twenty-four leagues to the north 
 or northwest of the mouth of the Ouiseonsing. 
 * * * they fomid the Black river, called by tlie 
 Nadouesioux, Chabadeba [Chapa "Wakpa, Beaver 
 river] not very large, the mouth of which is bor- 
 dered on the two shores liy alders. 
 
 " Ascendhig about tliirty leagues, almost at the 
 same point of the compass, is the Buffalo river 
 [Chippewa], as large at its mouth as that of the 
 lUinois. They follow it ten or twelve leagues, 
 wliere it is deep, small and without rapids, bor- 
 dered by liills which widen out from time to time 
 to form prairies." 
 
 About three o'clock in the afternoon of the 1 1th 
 of April, 1680, the travelers were met by a war 
 party of one himdred Sioux in thirty-three birch 
 bark canoes, "ilichael Accault, who was the
 
 HENNEPIN CBITICISED BY LA SALLE. 
 
 19 
 
 leader," says La Salle, "presented the Calumet." 
 The Indians were presented by Accault with 
 twenty knives and a fathom and a half of toljacco 
 and some goods. Proceeding with tlie Indians 
 ten days, on the 22d of April the isles in the Mis- 
 sissippi were reached, where the Sioux had killed 
 some Maskoutens, and tliey halted to weep over 
 the deatli of two of their own number ; and to 
 assuage their grief, Accault gave them in trade a 
 box of goods and twenty-four hatchets. 
 
 When they were eight leagues below the Falls 
 of Saint Anthony, they resolved to go by land to 
 their village, sixty leagues distant. They were 
 well received ; the only strife among the villages 
 was that which resulted from tlie desire to have 
 a Frenchman in their midst. La Salle also states 
 that it was not correct to give the impression that 
 Du Luth had rescued his men from captivity, for 
 they could not be properly called prisoners. 
 
 He continues: " In going up the Mississippi 
 again, twenty leagues above that river [Saint 
 CroixJ is found the falls, which those I sent, and 
 who passing there first, named Saint Anthony. 
 It is thirty or forty feet high, and the river is nar- 
 rower here than elsewhere. There is a small 
 island in the midst of the chute, and the two 
 banks of the river are not bordered by high hills, 
 which gradually diminish at this point, but the 
 country on each side is covered with thin woods, 
 such as oaks and other hard woods, scattered wide 
 apart. 
 
 " The canoes were carried three or four hun- 
 dred steps, and eight leagues above was found 
 the west [eastV] bank of the river of the Nadoue- 
 sioux, ending in a lake named Issati, which ex- 
 pands into a great marsh, where the wild rice 
 grows toward the mouth." 
 
 In the latter part of his letter La Salle uses the 
 following language relative to his old chaplain: 
 
 " I believed that it was appropriate to make for 
 you the narrative of the adventures of this canoe, 
 because I doubt not that they will speak of it, and 
 if yon wish to confer with the Father Louis Hen- 
 nepin, Kecollect, who has returned to France, you 
 must know him a little, because he will not fail 
 to exaggerate all things; it is his character, and 
 to me he has written as if he were about to be 
 burned wlien he was not even in danger, but he 
 beheves that it is honorable to act in this maimer, 
 
 and he speaks more conformably to that which 
 he wishes than to that which he knows." 
 
 Hennepin was born in Ath, an inland tomi of 
 the Netherlands. From boyhood lie longed to 
 visit foreign lands, and it is not to be wondered 
 at that he assumed the priest's garb, for next to 
 the soldier's life, it suited one of wandering pro- 
 pensities. 
 
 At one time he is on a begging expedition to 
 some of the towns on the sea coast. In a few 
 months he occupies the post of chaplain at an 
 hospital, where he shrives the dying and admin- 
 isters exti'eme unction. From the quiet of the 
 hospital he proceeds to tlie camp, and is present 
 at the battle of Seneffe, which occurred in the 
 year 1674. 
 
 His whole mind, from the time that he became 
 a priest, appears to have been on " things seen 
 and temporal," rather than on those that are •■ un- 
 seen and eternal." While on duty at some of the 
 ports of the Straits of Dover, he exhibited the 
 characteristic of an ancient Athenian more than 
 that of a professed successor of the Apostles. 
 lie sought out the society of strangers " who 
 spent their time in nothing else but either to tell 
 or to hear some new thing." With perfect non- 
 chalance he confesses that notwithstanding the 
 nauseating fumes of tobacco, he used to slip be- 
 hind the doors of sailors' taverns, and spend days, 
 without regard to the loss of his meals, listening 
 to the adventures and hair-breadth escapes of the 
 mariners in lands beyond the sea. 
 
 In the year 1676, he received a welcome order 
 from his Superior, requiring him to eniljark for 
 Canada. Unaccustomed to the world, and arbi- 
 trary in his disposition, he rendered the cabin of 
 the ship in which he sailed any thing but heav- 
 enly. As in modern days, the passengers in a 
 vessel to the new world were composed of hete- 
 rogeneous materials. There were young women 
 going out in search for brothers or husbands, ec- 
 clesiastics, and those engaged m the then new, 
 but profitable, commerce in furs. One of his 
 fellow passengers was the talented and enterpri- 
 prising, though unfortunate. La Salle, with whom 
 he was afterwards associated. If he is to be 
 credited, his intercourse with La Salle was not 
 very pleasant on ship-board. The young women, 
 tired of being cooped up in the narrow accormno- 
 datious of the ship, when the evening was fair
 
 20 
 
 EXPLOEEES AXD PIOXEEES OF MINNES02A. 
 
 sought the deck, and engaged in the rude dances 
 of the French peasantry of that age. Hennepin, 
 feeling that it was improper, began to assume 
 the air of tlie priest, and forbade the sport. La 
 Salle, feeling that his interference was uncalled 
 for. called liim a pedant, and took the side of the 
 girls, and during the voyage there were stormy 
 discussions. 
 
 Good humor appears to have been restored 
 when they left the ship, for Hennepin would oth- 
 erwise have not been the companion of La S^ille 
 in his great western journey. 
 
 Sojourning for a short period at Quebec, the 
 adventure-loving Franciscan is permitted to go 
 to a mission station on or near the site of the 
 present town of Kingston. Canada West. 
 
 Here there was much to gratify his love of 
 novelty, and he passed considerable time in ram- 
 bling among tlie Iroquois of ;^f ew York. In 1678 
 he returned to Quebec, and was ordered to join 
 the expedition of Robert La Salle. 
 
 On the 6th of December Father Hennepin and 
 a portion of the exploring party had entered the 
 2f iagara river. In the vicinity of the Falls, the 
 winter was passed, and while the artisans were 
 preparing a ship above the Falls, to na\'igate the 
 great lakes, the Recollect wliiled away the hours, 
 in studying the manners and customs of the Sen- 
 eca Indians, and in admiring the sublimest han- 
 diwork of God on the globe. 
 
 On the 7th of August, 1679, the ship bemg 
 completely rigged, unfurled its sails to the breezes 
 of Lake Erie. Tlie vessel was named the " Grif- 
 fin." in honor of the arms of Frontenac, Governor 
 of Canada, the first ship of European construc- 
 tion that had ever ploughed the waters of the 
 great inland seas of North America. 
 
 After encountering a \iolent and dangerous 
 storm on one of the lakes, during which they had 
 given up all hope of escaping shipwTeck, on the 
 27th of the month, they were safely moored in 
 the harbor of " :Missiliniackhiack." From thence 
 the party proceeded to Green Bay, where they 
 left the ship, procured canoes, and continued 
 along the coast of Lake ilichigan. By the mid- 
 dle of January, 1680, La Salle had conducted liis 
 expedition to the Illinois Elver, and, on an emi- 
 nence near Lake Peoria, he commenced, with 
 much heaviness of heart, the erection of a fort, 
 
 which he called Crevecoeur, on account of the 
 many disappointments he had experienced. 
 
 On tlie last of February. Accault. Augelle, and 
 Hennepin left to ascend the Mississippi. 
 
 The first work bearing the name of the Rev- 
 erend Father Louis Hennepin. Franciscan Mis- 
 sionary of the Recollect order, was entitled, " De- 
 scription de la Louisiane," and in 1683 published 
 in Paris. 
 
 As soon as the book appeared it was criticised. 
 Abbe Bemou, on the 29th of February, 1684, 
 writes from Rome about the '■ paltry book" (mes- 
 hcant livre i of Father Hennepin. About a year 
 before the pious Tronson, under date of March 
 13, 1683, wrote to a friend: " I have interviewed 
 the P. Recollect, who pretends to have descended 
 the ilississippi river to the Gulf of Mexico. I do 
 not know that one iciU beliere xrhat he speaks any 
 more than that wliich is in the printed relation of 
 P. Louis, which I send you that you may make 
 your own reflections." 
 
 On the map accompanying his first book, he 
 boldly marks a Recollect Mission many miles 
 north of the point he had visited. In the Utrecht 
 edition of 1697 this deliberate fraud is erased. 
 
 Throughout the work he assumes, that he was 
 the leader of the e.xpedition. and magnifies trifles 
 into tragedies. For mstance, Mr. La Salle writes 
 that Michael Accault, also written Ako, who was 
 the leader, presented the Sioux ■nith the calu- 
 met ;" but HennepLa makes the occurrence more 
 formidable. 
 
 He writes : " Our prayers were heard, when on 
 the 11th of April. 16S0. about two o'clock in the 
 afternoon, we suddenly perceived thirty- three 
 bark canoes mamied by a hundred and twenty 
 Indians coming do'R'n with very great speed, on a 
 war party, against the Miamis, Illinois and ^Nlaro- 
 as. These Indians surrounded us. and while at 
 a distance, discharged some arrows at us, but as 
 they approached our canoe, the old men seeing us 
 with the calumet of peace in our liands. jirevent- 
 ed the young men from kilUng us. These sava- 
 ges leaping from their canoes, some on land, 
 others into the water, with frightful cries and 
 yells approached us, and as we madfe no resist- 
 ance, being only three against so great a number, 
 one of them wrenched our caltimet from our 
 hands, while our canoe and theirs were tied to 
 the shore. We first presented to them a piece of
 
 HEAJ^EPIN'S DIFFICULTY WITH PBAYER-BOOK. 
 
 21 
 
 French tobacco, better for smokins than theirs- 
 and the eldest among them uttered the words' 
 " Miamiha, Miamiha." 
 
 " As we dill not imderstand their language, we 
 took a little stick, and by signs which we made 
 on the sand, showed them that their enemies, the 
 3Iiamis, whom they sought, had fled across the 
 river Colbert [Mississippi] to jom the Islmois ; 
 when they saw themselves discovered and unable 
 to surprise their enemies, three or four old men 
 laying their hands on my head, wept in a mourn- 
 ful tone. 
 
 " With a spare handkerchief I had left I wiped 
 away their tears, but tliey would not smoke oiu' 
 Calumet. They made us cross the river with 
 great cries, while all shouted with tears in their 
 eyes ; they made us row before them, and we 
 heard yells capable of striking the most resolute 
 with terror. After landmg our canoe and goods, 
 part of which liad already been taken, we made a 
 fire to boil our kettle, and we gave them two large 
 wild turkeys which we had killed. These Indians 
 having called an assembly to deliberate what they 
 were to do with us, tlie two head chiefs of the 
 party approaching, showed us by signs that the 
 warriors wished to tomahawk us. Tliis com- 
 pelled me to go to the war chiefs with one j'oung 
 man, leaving the other by our property, and 
 throw into their midst six axes, fifteen knives 
 and six fathom of our black tobacco ; and then 
 bringing down my head, I showed them with an 
 axe that they might kill me. if they thought 
 proper. This present appeased many individual 
 members, who gave us some beaver to eat, put- 
 ting the three first morsels into our mouths, accor- 
 dmg to the custom of the country, and blowing on 
 the meat, which was too hot, before puttmg the 
 bark dish before us to let us eat as we hked. We 
 spent the night in anxiety, because, before reti- 
 ring at night, they had returned us our peace 
 calumet. 
 
 " Our two boatmen were resolved to sell their 
 lives dearly, and to resist if attacked ; their arms 
 and swords were ready. As for my own part, I 
 determhied to allow myself to be killed without 
 any resistance ; as I was going to announce to 
 them a God w^io had been foully accused, un- 
 justly condemned, and cruelly crucified, without 
 showing the least aversion to those who put him 
 to death. We watched m turn, in oiu- anxiety, 
 
 so as not to be surprised asleep. The next morn- 
 ing, a chief named Narrhetoba asked for the 
 peace calumet, filled it witli willow^ bark, and all 
 smoked. It was then signified that the white 
 men were to return with them to their villages." 
 
 In his narrative the Franciscan remarks, "I 
 foiuul it difficult to say my oflice before these 
 Inchans. Many seeing me move my lips, said in 
 a fierce tone, ' Ouakanche.' Michael, all out of 
 coimtenance, told me, that if I continued to say 
 my breviary, we should all three be killed, and 
 the Picard begged me at least to pray apart, so as 
 not to provoke them. I followed the latter's 
 advice, but the more I concealed myself the more 
 I had the Indians at my heels ; for when I en- 
 tered the wood, they thought I was gouig to liide 
 some goods luider ground, so that I knew not on 
 what side to turn to pray, for they never let me 
 out of sight. This obliged me to beg pardon of 
 my canoe -men, assuring them I could not dis- 
 pense ynih. saying my office. By the word, ' Ou- 
 akanche,' the Indians meant that the book I was 
 reading was a spirit, but by their gesture they 
 nevertheless showed a kind of aversion, so that 
 to accustom them to it, I chanted the litany of 
 the Blessed A'irgin in the canoe, with my book 
 opened. They thouglit that the breviary was a 
 spirit which taught me to singfor their diversion ; 
 for these people are natiu-ally fond of singing." 
 
 This is the first mention of a Dahkotah word 
 in a European book. The savages were annoyed 
 rather than enraged, at seemg the white man 
 reading a book, and exclaimed, " AVakan-de I" 
 this is wonderful or supernatural. The war 
 party was composed of several bands of the M'de- 
 •walikantonwau Dahkotahs, and there was a di- 
 versity of opinion in relation to the disposition 
 that should be made of the white meii. The 
 relatives of those who had been killed by the 
 jSIiamis, were in favor of taking their scalps, but 
 others were anxious to retain the favor of the 
 French, and open a trading intercourse. 
 
 Perceivmg one of the canoe-men shoot a wild 
 turkey, they called the gun, " Manza Ouackange," 
 iron that has miderstanding ; more correctly, 
 " Maza Wakande," this is the supernatural metal. 
 
 Aquipaguetin. one of the head men, resorted 
 to the following device to obtain merchandise. 
 Says the Father, " This wily savage had the 
 bones of some distinguished relative, which he
 
 22 
 
 EXPLOBEES AJS^D PIOXEEBS OF MINNESOTA. 
 
 preserved with great care in some skins dressed 
 and adorned with several rows of black and red 
 porcupine quills. From time to time he assem- 
 bled his meu to give it a smoke, and made us 
 come several days to cover the bones ■with goods, 
 and by a present wipe away the tears he had shed 
 for him. and for his own sou killed by tlie ^liamis. 
 To appease this captious man, we threw on the 
 bones several fathoms of tobacco, axes, knives, 
 beads, and some black aud white wampiun brace- 
 lets. * * * "We slept at the poiut of the Lake 
 of Tears [Lake Pepin], which we so called from 
 the tears which this chief shed all night long, or 
 by one of his sons whom he caused to weep when 
 he grew tired," 
 
 The next day. after four or five leagues' sail, a 
 chief came, and telling them to leave their canoes, 
 he pulled up three piles of grass for seats. Then 
 taking a piece of cedar full of Uttle holes, he 
 placed a stick into one, which he revolved between 
 the palms of his hands, until he kindled a fire. 
 and informed the Frenchmen that they would be 
 at ilille Lac ui six days. On the nineteenth day 
 after their captivity, they arrived in the vicinity 
 of Saint Paul, not far, it is probable, from the 
 marshy gi-ound on which the Kaposia band once 
 lived, aud now called Pig"s Eye, 
 
 The journal remarks, •■ Having arrived on the 
 nineteenth day of our navigation, five leagues 
 below St. Anthony's Falls, these Indians landed 
 us in a bay, broke our canoe to nieces, and se- 
 creted their own in the reeds," 
 
 They then followed the trail to Jlille Lac, sixty 
 leagues distant. As they approached their villa- 
 ges, tlie various bands began to show their spoils. 
 The tobacco was highly prized, and led to some 
 contention. The chaUce of the Father, which 
 ghstened in the sun, they were afraid to touch, 
 supposing it was '-wakan." After five days" 
 walk they reached the Issati [Dahkotah] settle- 
 ments in the valley of the Eum or Knife river. 
 The different bauds each conducted a Frenchman 
 to their village, the chief Aquipaguetin taking 
 charge of Hennepin, After marcMng through 
 the marshes towards the sources of Kum river, 
 five wives of >.he chief, in three bark canoes, met 
 them and took them a short league to an island 
 where their cabins were. 
 
 An aged Indian kindly rubbed down the way- 
 v."om Franciscan ; placing him on a bear -skin 
 
 near the fire, he anointed his legs and the soles 
 of his feet with wildcat oU, 
 
 The son of the chief took great pleasure ui car- 
 rying upon his bare back the priest's robe with 
 dead men's bones enveloped. It was called Pere 
 Louis Chinnen, In the Dahkotah lauguage Shia- 
 ua or Shinnau signifies a buffalo robe. 
 
 Hennepin's description of his life on the island 
 is in these words : 
 
 '• The day after our arrival, Aquipaguetin, who 
 was the head of a large family, covered me with 
 a robe made of ten large dressed beaver skins, 
 trimmed with porcupine quills. This Indian 
 showed me five or sis of his -nives, teUing them, 
 as I afterwards learned, that they shouP in fu- 
 ture regard me as one of their children, 
 
 '• He set before me a bark dish full of fish, and 
 seeing that I could not rise from the groimd, he 
 had a small sweating-cabin made, in which he 
 made me enter with four Indians. This cabin he 
 covered with buffalo skins, and inside he put 
 stones red-hot. He made me a sign to do as the 
 others before beginning to sweat, but I merely 
 concealed my nakedness with a liandkerchief. 
 As soon as these Indians had several times 
 breathed out quite -violently, he began to sing vo- 
 ciferously, the others putting their hands on me 
 and rubbing me ^xhile they wept bitterly, I be- 
 gan to faint, but I came out and could scarcely 
 take my habit to put on, AVhen he made me 
 sweat thus three times a week, I felt as strong as 
 ever." 
 
 The mariner's compass was a constant source 
 of wonder and amazement, Aquipaguetin hav- 
 ing assembled the braves, would ask Hennepin 
 to show his compass. Percei\Tng that the needle 
 turned, the chief harangued his men, and told 
 them that the Europeans were spmts, capable of 
 doing any thing. 
 
 In the Franciscan's possession was an iron pot 
 with feet like lions', which the Indians would not 
 touch imless their hands were vTapped in buffalo 
 skins. The women looked upon it as " wakan," 
 and would not enter the cabin where it was. 
 
 '■ The chiefs of these savages, seemg that I was 
 desirous to learn, frequently made me write, 
 naming aU the parts of the hiunan body ; and as 
 I would not put on paper certaui iudehcate words, 
 at -which they do not blush, they were heartily 
 amused."
 
 HENNEPINS VISIT TO F^LLLS OF SAINT ANTHONY. 
 
 23 
 
 They often asked the Franciscan questions, to 
 answer which it was necessary to refer to his lex- 
 icon. This appeared very strange, and, as they 
 had no word for paper, tliey said, " That white 
 thing must be a spirit which tells Fere Louis all 
 we say." 
 
 Hennepin remarks : " These Indians often 
 asked me how many wives and children I had, 
 and how old I was, that is, how many wuiters ; 
 for so these natives always count. Never illu- 
 mined by the light of faith, they were surprised 
 at my answer. Pointing to our two Frenchmen, 
 whom I was then visiting, at a point three leagues 
 from our village, I told them that a man among 
 us could only have one wife ; that as for me, I 
 had promised the Master of life to live as they 
 saw me, and to come and live with them to teach 
 them to be like the French. 
 
 '■ But that gross people, till then lawless and 
 faithless, turned all I said into ridicule. ' IIow,' 
 said they, ' would you have these two men with 
 thee have wives? Ours would not live with them, 
 for they have hair all over their face, and we have 
 none there or elsewhere.' In fact, they were 
 never better pleased with me than when I was 
 shaved, and from a complaisance, certainly not 
 criminal, I shaved every week. 
 
 " As often as I went to visit the cabins, I fomid 
 a sick child, whose father's name was Mamenisi. 
 Michael Ako would not accompany me ; the 
 Picard du Gay alone followed me to act as spon- 
 sor, or, rather, to witness the baptism. 
 
 " I christened the child Antoinette, in honor of 
 St. Anthony of Padua, as well as for the Picard's 
 name, which was Anthony Auguelle. He was a 
 native of Amiens, and nephew of the Procurator- 
 General of the Premonstratensians both now at 
 Paris. IlaAing poured natural water on the head 
 and uttered these words : ' Creature of God, I 
 baptize thee in the name of the Father, and of 
 the Son, and of the Holy Ghost,' I took half an 
 altar cloth which I had wrested from the hands 
 of an Indian who had stolen it from me, and put 
 it on the body of the baptized child ; for as I 
 could not say mass for want of wine and vest- 
 ments, this piece of linen coidd not be put to bet- 
 ter use than to enshroud the fust Christian child 
 among these tribes. I do not know whether the 
 softness of the linen liad refreshed her. but she 
 was the next day smiUng in her mother's arms. 
 
 who believed that I had cured the child ; but she 
 died soon after, to my great consolation. 
 
 " During my stay among them, there arrived 
 four savages, who said they were come alone five 
 hundred leagues from the west, and had been four 
 mouths upon the way. They assured us there 
 was no such place as the Straits of Anian, and 
 that they had traveled without resting, except to 
 sleep, and had not seen or passed over any great 
 lake, by which phrase they always mean the sea. 
 
 " They further informed us that the nation of 
 the Assenipoulacs [AssiniboLues] who Ue north- 
 east of Issati, was not above six or seven days' 
 journey ; that none of the nations, within their 
 knowledge, who lie to the east or northwest, had 
 any great lake about their countries, wiiich were 
 very large, but only rivers, which came from the 
 north. They further assured us that there were 
 very few forests in the countries through which 
 they passed, insomuch that now and then they 
 were forced to make fires of buffaloes' dung to 
 boil their food. All these circumstances make it 
 appear that there is no such place as the Straits 
 of Anian, as we usually see them set down on the 
 maps. And whatever efforts have been made for 
 many year-J, past by the EngUsh and Dutch, to 
 find out a passage .to the Frozen Sea, they have 
 not yet been able to effect it. But by the help of 
 my discovery aud the assistance of God, I doubt 
 not but a passage may still be found, aud that an 
 easy one too. 
 
 " For example, we may be transported into the 
 Pacific Sea by rivers which are large and capable 
 of carrying great vessels, and from thence it is 
 very easy to go to China and Japan, without cross- 
 ing the equinoctial line; and, in all probahihty, 
 Japan is on tlie same continent as America." 
 
 Hennepin in his first book, thus describes his 
 first visit to the Falls of St. Anthony : '■ In the 
 begiiming of July, 1680, we descended the [Rum] 
 Ri\er in a canoe southward, with the great chief 
 Ouasicoude [Wauzeekootay] that is to say Pierced 
 Pine, with about eighty cabins composed of more 
 than a hundred and thirty families and about 
 two hundred and fifty warriors. Scarcely would 
 the Indians give me a place in their little fiotilla, 
 for they had only old canoes. They went foirr 
 leagues lower down, to get birch bark to make 
 some more. Having made a liole in the ground, 
 to liide oiu- sUver chalice and our papers, till our
 
 24 
 
 EXPLOBERS AND PIONEEBS OF MINNESOTA. 
 
 return from the hunt, and keepmg only our bre- 
 viary, so as not to be loaded, I stood on the bank 
 of the lake formed by the river we had called St. 
 Francis [now Kum] and stretched out my hand 
 to the canoes as they rapidly passed m succession. 
 
 "Our Frenchmen also had one for themselves. 
 which the Intlians had given them. They would 
 not take me in. Michael Ako saying that he had 
 taken me long enough to satisfy him. I was hurt 
 at tliis answer, seemg myself thus abandoned by 
 Christians, to whom I had always done good, as 
 they both often acknowledged; but God never 
 having abandoned me on that painful voyage, in- 
 spired two Indians to take me in their Uttle 
 canoe, where I had no other employment than to 
 bale out with a little bark tray, the water which 
 entered by little holes. This 1 did not do with- 
 out getting all wet. This boat might, Indeed, be 
 called a death box. for its lightness and fragility. 
 These canoes do not generally weigh t)ver fifty 
 pounds, the least motion of the body upsets them, 
 unless you are long accustomed to that kind of 
 navigation. 
 
 " On disembarking in the evening, the Picard. 
 as an excuse, told me that their canoe was half- 
 rotten, and that had we been three in it, we 
 should have run a great risk of remauiing on the 
 way, * * * Four days after our departure for 
 the buffalo hunt, we halted eight leagues above 
 St, Anthony of Padua's Falls, on an eminence 
 opposite the mouth of the River St, Francis [Rum] 
 * * * The Picard and myself went to look for 
 haws, gooseberries, and little wild fruit, which 
 often did us move harm than good. This obliged 
 us to go alone, as Michael Ako i-efused, in a 
 wretched canoe, to Ouiseonsin river, which was 
 more than a hundred leagues off, to see whether 
 the Sieur de la Salle had sent to that place a re- 
 inforcement of men, with powder, lead, and 
 other munitions, as he had promised us, 
 
 " The Indians would not have suffered this 
 voyage had not one of the three remained with 
 them. They wished me to stay, but Michael 
 Ako absolutely refused. As we were making the 
 portage of our canoe at St, Anthony of Padua's 
 Falls, we perceived five or six of our Indians who 
 had taken the start ; one of them was up m an 
 oak opposite the great fall, weeping bitterly, with 
 a rich dressed beaver robe, whitened inside, and 
 trimmed with porcupine quills, which he was 
 
 offering as a sacrifice to the falls; w-hich is, in it- 
 self, admirable and frightful. I heard him while 
 shedding copious tears, say as he spoke to the 
 great cataract, ' Thou who art a spirit, grant that 
 our nation may pass here qtiietly, without acci- 
 dent ; may kill buffalo in abundance ; conquer 
 otir enemies, and bring in slaves, some of whom 
 we will put to death before thee. The Messenecqz 
 (so they call the tribe named by the French Outa- 
 gamis) have killed our kindred ; grant that we 
 may avenge them.' This robe offered in sacrifice, 
 served one of our Frenchmen, who took it as we 
 returned." 
 
 It is certauily wonderful, that Hennepin, who 
 knew nothing of the Sioux language a few weeks 
 before, should understand the prayer offered at 
 the Falls without the aid of an interpreter. 
 
 The narrator continues : " A league beyond 
 St. Anthony of Padua's Falls, the Picard was 
 obUged to land and get liis powder horn, which he 
 had left at the Falls. * * * As we descended 
 the river Colbert [Mississippi] we found some of 
 our Indians on the islands loaded with buffalo 
 meat, some of which they gave us. Two hours 
 after landing, fifteen or sixteen warriors whom we 
 had left above St. Anthony of Padua's Falls, en- 
 tered, tomakawk in hand, upset the cabin of those 
 who had invited us, took all the meat and bear 
 oU they found, and greased themselves from head 
 to foot,'' 
 
 This was done because the others had violated 
 the rules for the buffalo hunt. "With the Indians 
 Hennepin went down the river sixty leagues, and 
 then went up the river agaui, and met buffalo. 
 He contmues : 
 
 " ■\Vliile seeking the Ouiseonsin River, that 
 savage father. Aciuipaguetin, whom I had left, 
 and who I beUeved more than two hundred 
 leagues off, on the 11th of July, 1680, appeared 
 with the warriors,'' After this, Hennepiu and 
 Picard continued to go up the river almost eighty 
 leagues. 
 
 There is great confusion here, as the reader 
 will see, When at the mouth of the Rum River, 
 he speaks of the Wisconshi as more than a him- 
 dred leagues off. He floats down the river sixty 
 leagues ; then he ascended, but does not state the 
 distance; then he ascends eighty leagues. 
 
 He continues : " The Intlians whom he had left 
 with Michael Ako at Buffalo [Chippeway] River,
 
 HUNNEPIN MEETS SIEUR DU LVTH. 
 
 25 
 
 with the flotilla of canoes loaded with meat, came 
 down. * * * All the Indian women had their 
 stock of meat at the mouth of Buffalo Eiver and 
 on the islands, and again we went down the Col- 
 bert [Mississippi] about eighty leagues. * * * 
 We had another alarm in our camp : the old men 
 on duty on the top of the mountains announced 
 that they saw two warriors in the distance ; all 
 the bowmen hastened there with speed, each try- 
 ing to outstrip the others ; but they brought back 
 only two of their enemies, who came to tell them 
 that a party of their people were hunting at the 
 extremity of Lake Conde [Superior] and had found 
 four Spirits (so they call the French) who, by 
 means of a slave, had expressed a wish to come 
 on, knowing us to be among them. * * * On 
 the 25th of July, IbSO, as we were ascending the 
 river Colbert, after the buffalo hunt, to the In- 
 dian villages, ■we met Sieur du Luth. who came 
 to the Kadouessious with live French soldiers. 
 They joined us about two hundred and twenty 
 leagues distant from the country of the Indians 
 who had taken us. As we had some knowledge 
 of the language, they l)egged us to accompany 
 them to the villages of these tribes, to which I 
 readily agreed, knowing that these two French- 
 men had not approached the sacrament for two 
 years." 
 
 Here again the number of leagues is confusing, 
 and it is impossible to believe that I)u Luth and 
 his interpreter Faflart, who had been trading 
 with the Sioux for more than a year, needed the 
 help of Hennepin, who had been about three 
 months with tliese people. 
 
 We are not told by what route Hennepin and 
 Du Luth reached Lake Issati or Mille Lacs, but 
 Hennepin says they an-ived there on the lltli of 
 August, 1680, and he adds. " Toward the end of 
 Sei)tember, havmg no implements to begin an 
 establishment, we resolved to tell these people, 
 that for their benefit, we would have to return to 
 the French settlements. The grand Chief of the 
 Issati or Nadouessiouz consented, and traced in 
 pencil on paper I gave him, the route I should 
 take for foiu' hundred leagues. With this chart, 
 we set out, eight Frenchmen, in two canoes, and 
 descended the river St. Francis and Colbert [Eum 
 and Alississippi]. Two of our men took two bea- 
 ver robes at St. Anthony of Padua"s Falls, which 
 the Indians had hung in sacrifice on the trees." 
 
 The second work of Hennepin, an enlargement 
 of the first, appeared at Utrecht in the year 1697, 
 ten years after La Salle's death. During the in- 
 terval between the publication of the first and 
 second book, he had passed three years as Super- 
 intendent of the Recollects at Eeny in the province 
 of Artois, when Father Hyacinth Lefevre, a friend 
 of La Salle, and Conmiissary Provincial of Recol- 
 lects at Paris, wished him to return to Canada. 
 He refused, and was ordered to go to Rome, and 
 ujwn his coming back was sent to a convent at 
 St. Omer, and there received a dispatch from the 
 Minister of State in France to return to the coun- 
 tries of the King of Spain, of which he was a 
 subject. This order, he asserts, he afterwards 
 learned was forged. 
 
 In the preface to the English edition of the 
 ]yew Discovery, published in 1098, in London, he 
 writes : 
 
 " The pretended reason of that violent order 
 was because I refused to return into America, 
 where I had been already eleven years ; though 
 the particular laws of our Order oblige none of us 
 to go beyond sea against his will. I would have, 
 however, returned very willingly had I not known 
 the maUce of M. La Salle, who woidd have ex- 
 posed me to perish, as he did one of the men who 
 accompanied me in my discovery. God knows 
 that I am sorry for liis mifortimate death; but 
 the judgments of the Almighty are always just, 
 for tlie gentleman was lulled by one of his own 
 men, who were at last sensible that he exposed 
 them to visible dangers without any necessity and 
 for his private designs." 
 
 After this he was for about five years at Gosse- 
 lies, in Brabant, as Confessor in a convent, and 
 from thence removed to his native place, Ath, in 
 Belgium, where, according to his narrative in the 
 preface to the " Nouveau Decouverte," he was 
 again persecuted. Then Father Payez, Grand 
 Commissary of Recollects at Louvain. beuig in- 
 formed that the King of Spain and the Elector of 
 Bavaria recommended the step, consented that 
 he should enter the service of William the Third 
 of Great Britain, who had lieen very kind to the 
 Roman Catholics of Netherlands. By order of 
 Payez he was sent to Antwerii to take the lay 
 habit in the convent there, and subsequently 
 went to Utrecht, where he finished his second 
 book known as the New Discovery.
 
 26 
 
 EXPLOEEBS ANB PIOXEEBS OF MINNESOTA. 
 
 His first volume, printed iii 1683. contains 312 
 pages, with an appendix of 107 pages, on the 
 Customs of the Savages, while the Utreclit boolc 
 of 169" contains 509 pages without an appendix. 
 
 On page 249 of the Xew Discovery, he begins 
 an account of a voyage alleged to have been madt' 
 to the mouth of the Mississippi, and occupies 
 over sixty pages in the narrative. The opening 
 sentences give as a reason for concealing to tliis 
 time his discovery, tliat La Salle would have re- 
 ported him to his Superiors for presuming to go 
 down instead of ascenchng the stream toward the 
 north, as had been agreed ; and tliat the two witli 
 him threatened that if lie did not consent to de- 
 scend the river, they would leave liim on shore 
 during the night, and pursue their own course. 
 
 He asserts that he left tlie tiulf of Mexico, to 
 retimi, on the 1st of April, and on the 24th left 
 the Arkansas ; but a week after this, he declares 
 he landed with the Sioux at the marsh about two 
 miles below the city of Sahit Paul. 
 
 The account has been and is still a puzzle to 
 the historical student. In our review of his first 
 book we have noticed that as early as 1683, he 
 claimed to have descended the ^lississippi. In 
 the Utrecht publication he declares that while at 
 Quebec, upon his return to France, he gave to 
 Father Valentine Eoux. t'ommissary of Recol- 
 lects, his journal, upon the promise that it would 
 be kept secret, and tliat this Father made a copy 
 of his wliole voyage, including tlie visit to the 
 Gulf of Mexico ; but in his Description of Louis- 
 iana. Henneiiiii wrote. ■" "We had some design of 
 going to the mouth of the river t'olbert. wliich 
 more probably empties into the Gulf of Mexico 
 than into the Red Sea, but the tribes that seized 
 us gave us no time to sail up and down the river." 
 
 The additions in his Utreclit book to magnify 
 his importance and detract from others, are 
 many. As Sparks and Parkman have pointed 
 out the plagiarisms of this edition, a reference 
 here is unnecessary. 
 
 Du Luth, who left Quebec m 1678, and had 
 been in northern Minnesota, with an interpreter, 
 for a year, after he met Ako and Hennepin, be- 
 comes of secondary importance, m the eyes of 
 the Franciscan. 
 
 In the Description of Louisiana, on page 289. 
 Hennepm speaks of passing the Falls of Saint 
 Anthony, upon his return to Canada, hi these 
 
 few words : •• Two of our men seized two beaver 
 robes at the Falls of St. Anthony of Padua, 
 which the IntUans liad in sacrifice, fastened to 
 trees.'" But in the Utrecht edition, commencing 
 on page 416. there is much added concerning Du 
 Luth. After using the language of the edition 
 of 1683, already quoted it adds: "Hereupon 
 there arose a dispute between Sieur du Luth and 
 myself. I commended what they had done, say- 
 ing. • The savages might judge by it that they 
 disliked the superstition of these people.' The 
 Sieur du Luth, on the contrary, said that they 
 ought to have left the robes where the savages 
 placed them, for they would not fail to avenge 
 the insult we had put upon them by this a(;tion, 
 and that it was feared that they would attack us 
 on this journey. I confessed he had some foun- 
 dation for what he said, and that he spoke accor- 
 ding to tlie rules of prudence. But one of the 
 two men flatly replied, the two robes suited them, 
 and they cared nothing for the savages and their 
 superstitions. The Sieur du Luth at these words 
 was so greatly enraged that he nearly struck the 
 one who uttered them, but I intervened and set- 
 tled the dispute. The Picard and Michael Ako 
 ranged themselves on the side of those who had 
 taken the robes in question, which might have 
 resulted badly. 
 
 '• I argued ■nith Sieur duLutli that the savages 
 would not attack us, because I was persuaded 
 ihat their great chief Ouasicoude would have our 
 interests at heart, and he had great credit with 
 his nation. The matter terminated pleasantly. 
 
 " "Wlien we arrived near the river Ouisconsin, 
 we halted to smoke the meat of the buffalo we 
 had Idlled on the journey. During our stay, three 
 savages of the nation we had left, came by the 
 side of our canoe to teU us that their great cliief 
 Ouasicoude. having learned that another chief of 
 these people wished to pursue and kill us, and 
 that he entered the cabin where he was consult- 
 ing, and had struck him on the head with such 
 ^dolence as to scatter his brains upon his associ- 
 ates ; thus preventing the executing of this inju- 
 rious project. 
 
 '• We regaled the three savages, having a great 
 abundance of food at that time. The Sieur du 
 Luth. after the savages had left, was as enraged 
 as before, and feared that they would pursue and 
 attack us on our voyage. He would have pushed
 
 TRIBUTE TO DANIEL GREYSOLON DU LVTH. 
 
 27 
 
 the matter further, but seeuig that one man would 
 resist, and was not in the humor to be imposed 
 upon, he moderated, and I appeased them in tlie 
 end witli the assiu'ance tluit God would not aban- 
 don us in distress, and. pro\ided we cimflded in 
 Ilim, he would deliver us from our foes, because 
 He is the protector of men and angels." 
 
 After describing a conference with the Sioux. 
 he adds, " Tims the savages were very kind, 
 without mentioning the beaver robes. The chief 
 Ouasicoude told me to offer a fathom of Marti- 
 nico tobacco to the chief Aquipaguetin. who had 
 adopted me as a son. This had an admirable 
 effect upon the barljarians, who went off shouting 
 sev#al times the word ' Louis,' [Ouis or We] 
 which, as he said, means the sun. Without van- 
 ity, I must say that my name will be for a long 
 time among these people. 
 
 "The savages having left us, to go to war 
 against the Messorites, the Maroha, the Ilhnois, 
 and other nations which live toward the lower 
 part of the Mississippi, and are irreconcilable foes 
 of the people of the North, the Sieur du Luth, 
 who upon many occasions gave me marks of his 
 friendship, could not forbear to tell our men that 
 I had all the reason in the world to believe that 
 the A'iceroy of Canada would give me a favorable 
 reception, should we arrive before winter, and 
 that he wished with all his heart that he had been 
 among as many natives as myself." 
 
 The style of Louis Hennepin is unmistakable 
 in this e.xtract, and it is amusing to read his pa- 
 tronage of one of the fearless explorers of the 
 Northwest, a cousin of Tonty, favored by Fron- 
 tenac, and who was in Minnesota a year before 
 his arrival. 
 
 In 1691, six years before the Utrecht edition of 
 Hennepin, another Recollect Franciscan had pub- 
 lished a book at Paris, called " The First Estab- 
 lishment of the Faith in New France," in which 
 is the following tribute to Du Luth, whom Hen- 
 nepin strives to make a subordinate : "In the last 
 years of M. de Frontenac's administration, Sieur 
 DuLuth,a man of talent and experience, opened 
 a way to the missionary and the Gospel in many 
 different nations, turning toward the north of 
 that lake [Superior] where he even built a fort, 
 he advanced as far as the Lake of the Issati, 
 called Lake Buade, from the family name of M. 
 
 de Frontenac, planting the arms of his Majesty 
 in several nations on the right and left." 
 
 In the second volume of his last book, wliich is 
 called " A Contmuance of the New Discovery of 
 a vast Country in America," etc., Hennepin no- 
 ticed some criticisms. 
 
 To the objection that his work was dedicated 
 to William the Third of Great Britain, he repUes : 
 " My King, his most Catholic Majesty, his Elec- 
 toral Iliglmess of Bavaria, the consent m writing 
 of the Superior of my order, the integrity of my 
 faith, and the regular observance of my vows, 
 which his Britannic Majesty allows me, are the 
 best warrants of the .uprightness of my inten- 
 tions." 
 
 To the (luery, how he could travel so far upon 
 the Mississippi in so httle time, he answers with 
 a bold face, •' That we may, with a canoe and a 
 pair of oars, go twenty, twenty-five, or thirty 
 leagues every day, and more too, if there be oc- 
 casion. And though we had gone but ten leagues 
 a day, yet in thirty days we might easily have 
 gone three luuidred leagues. If during the time 
 we spent from the river of the Illinois to the 
 mouth of the Meschasipi. in the Gulf of ^Mexico, 
 we had used a little more haste, we might have 
 gone the same twice over." 
 
 To the objection, that he said, he nad passed 
 eleven years in America, when he had been there 
 but about four, he evasively replies, that " reck- 
 oning from the year 1674, when I first set out, to 
 the year 1688, when I printed the second edition 
 of my ' Louisiana,' it appears that I have spent 
 fifteen years either in travels or printmg my 
 Discoveries." 
 
 To those who objected to the statement in his 
 first book, in the dedication to Louis the Four- 
 teenth, that the Sioux always call the sun Louis, 
 he writes : " I repeat what I have said before, 
 that being among the Issati and Nadouessans, by 
 whom I was made a slave in America, I never 
 heard them call the sun any other than Louis. 
 It is true these savages call also the moon Louis. 
 but with this distinction, that they give the moon 
 the name of Louis Bastache, which in their lan- 
 guage signifies, the sun that shines in the night." 
 
 The Utrecht edition called forth much censure, 
 and no one in France doubted that Hemieptn 
 was the author. D'Iberville, Governor of Lou- 
 isiana, while in Paris, wrote on July 3d 1699, to
 
 28 
 
 EXPLOEEES AND PIONEEES OF JflNXESOTA. 
 
 the Minister of Marine and Colonies of France, 
 in these words : " '\'ery much vexed at tlie Rec- 
 ollect, whose false narratives had deceived every 
 one, and caused our suffering and total failure of 
 our enterprise, by the time consumed in the 
 search of things which alone existed in his imag- 
 ination.'" 
 
 The Eev. Father James Gravier. in a letter 
 from a fort on the (iulf of Mexico, near the ilis- 
 sissippi, dated February luth, 1701. expressed the 
 sentiment of his times when he speaks of Hen- 
 nepin " who presented to King William, the Rela- 
 tion of the ^Mississippi, where he never was. and 
 after a thousand falsehoods and ridiculous boasts, 
 
 * * * he makes Mr. de la Salle appear in his 
 Relation, woiuided ■with two balls in the head, 
 turn toward the Recollect Father Anastase, to 
 ask him for absolution, having been killed in- 
 stantly, without uttering a word • and other like 
 false stories." 
 
 Hennepin gradually faded out of sight. Bru- 
 net mentions a letter written by J. B. Dubos, 
 from Rome, dated March 1st. 1701. which men- 
 tions that Hennepin was living on tlie Capitoline 
 Hill, in the celebrated convent of Ara Coeli, and 
 was a favorite of Cardinal Spada. The time and 
 place of his death has not been ascertained.
 
 NICHOLAS PEBROT, FOUNDER OF FIRST POST ON LAKE PEPIN. 
 
 i!9 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 NICHOLAS PEEROT, FOUNDER OF FIRST POST ON LAKE PEPIN. 
 
 Early Life. — Searches for Copper. — Interpreter at Sault St. Marie, Employed by 
 La Salle. — BirilJs Stockade at L.ike Pepin. — Hosiile Indians Rebuked. — A 
 Silver Ostensorium Given to a Jesuit Cbapel.— Perrot in the Battle against 
 Senecas, in New York. — Second Visit to Sioux Country. — Taking Possession by 
 "Proces Verbal." — Discovery of Lead Mines. — Attends Council at Montreal. — 
 Establishes a Post near Detroit, in Michigan. — Perrot's Death, and his Wife. 
 
 Nicholas Perrot, sometimes written Pere, was 
 one of the most energetic of the class iu Canada 
 known as " coureurs des bois," or forest rangers. 
 Born in 1644, at an early age he was identified 
 with the fur trade of the great inland lakes. As 
 early as 1665, he was among the Outagamies 
 [Foxes], and in 1667 was at Green Bay. In 1669, 
 he was appointed by Talon to go to the lake re- 
 gion in search of copper mines. At the formal 
 taking possession of that country in the name of 
 the King of France, at Sault St. Marie, on the 
 14th of May, lb71, he acted as interpreter. In 
 1677, he seems to have been employed at Fort 
 Frontenac. La Salle was made very sick the 
 next year, from eating a salad, and one Nicholas 
 Perrot, called Joly Coeur (Jolly Soul) was sus- 
 pected of having mingled poison with the food. 
 After this he was associated with Dn Luth in 
 the execution of two Indians, as we have seen. 
 In 1684, he was appointed by De la Barre, the 
 Governor of Canada, as Commandant for the 
 West, and left Montreal with twenty men. Ar- 
 riving at Green Bay in Wisconsin, some Indians 
 told him that they had visited countries toward 
 the setting sun, where they obtained the blue 
 and green stones suspended from their ears and 
 noses, and that they saw horses and men like 
 Frenchmen, probably the Spaniards of New Mex- 
 ico ; and others said that they had obtained hatch- 
 ets from persons who lived in a house that walked 
 on the water, near the moutli of the river of the 
 Assiniboines, alluding to the English established 
 at Hudson's Bay. Proceeding to the portage be- 
 tween the Fox and Wisconsin, thirteen Ilurons 
 were met, who were bitterly opposed to the es- 
 tablishment of a post near the Sioux. After the 
 
 Mississippi was reached, a party of Winnebagoes 
 was employed to notify the tribes of Northern 
 Iowa that the French had ascended the river, 
 and wished to meet them. It was further agreed 
 that prairie flres would be kindled from time to 
 time, so that the Indians could follow the French. 
 
 After entering Lake Pepin, near its mouth, on 
 the east side, Perrot found a place suitable for a 
 post, where there was wood. The stockade was 
 built at the foot of a bluff beyond which was a 
 large prairie. La Potherie makes this statement, 
 which is repeated by Penicaut, who writes of 
 Lake Pepin : " To the right and left of its shores 
 there are also prairies. In that on the right on 
 the bank of the lake, there is a fort, which was 
 built by Nicholas Perrot, whose name it yet [1700] 
 bears." 
 
 Soon after he was established, it was announced 
 that a band of Aiouez [loways] was encamped 
 above, and on the way to visit the post. The 
 French ascended in canoes to meet them, but as 
 they drew nigh, the Indian women ran up the 
 blufEs, and hid in the woods ; but twenty of the 
 braves mustered courage to advance and greet 
 Perrot, and bme him to the chief's lodge. The 
 chief, bending over Perrot, began to weep, and 
 allowed the moisture to fall upon his visitor. 
 After he had exhausted himself, the principal 
 men of the party repeated the slabbering process. 
 Then buffalo tongues were boiled in an earthen 
 pot, and after being ciit into small pieces, the 
 chief took a piece, and, as a mark of respect, 
 placed it in Perrot's mouth. 
 
 During the winter of 1684-85, the I^rench tra- 
 ded in Minnesota. 
 
 At the end of the beaver hunt, the Ayoes 
 [loways] came to the post, but Perrot was absent 
 visiting the Nadouaissioux. and they sent a chief 
 to notify him of their arrival. Four Illinois met 
 him on the way, and were anxious for the return 
 of four children held by the French. When the
 
 30 
 
 EXPLOREBS AND PIOKEEBS OF 3nXXES0TA. 
 
 Sioux, who were at war with the Illinois, per- 
 ceived them, they wished to seize their canoes, 
 but the French voyageurs who were guarding 
 them, pushed into tlie middle of the river, and 
 the French at the post coming to theii" assistance, 
 a reconciliation was effected, and four of the 
 Sioux took the Illinois upon their shoulders, and 
 hore them to the shore. 
 
 An order having been received from Denon- 
 ^■ille, Governor of Canada, to bring the Miamis. 
 and other tribes, to the rendezvous at Xiagara. 
 to go on an expedition against the Senecas, Per- 
 rot entrustmg the post at Lake Pepin to a few 
 Frenchmen, visited the Miamis, who were dwel- 
 ling below on the Mississippi, and with no guide 
 but Indian camp fires, went sixty miles into the 
 country beyond the river. 
 
 Upon his return, he perceivea a great smoke, 
 and at first thought that it was a war party pro- 
 ceeding to the Sioux country. Fortimately he 
 met a Maskouten chief, who had been at the post 
 to see him. aud he gave the intelUgence. that the 
 Outagamies [Foxes]. Kikapous [Kickapoos], and 
 Mascoutechs [Maskoutens]. and others, from the 
 region of Green Bay. had determined to pillage 
 the post, kill the French, and then go to war 
 against the Sioux. Hurrying on. he reached the 
 fort, and learned that on that very day three 
 spies had been there and seen that there were 
 only six Frenchmen in charge. 
 
 The next day two more spies appeared, but 
 Perrot had taken the precaution to put loaded 
 guns at the door of each hut. and caused his men 
 frequently to change theii- clothes. To the query. 
 •■ How many French were thereV the reply was 
 given, •• Forty, and that more were daily expected, 
 who had been on a buffalo hunt, and that the 
 guns were well loaded and knives well shai-pened. ' " 
 They were then told to go back to their camp 
 aud bring a chief of each nation represented, and 
 that if Indians, in large numbers, came near, they 
 would be fired at. In accordance with this mes- 
 sage six chiefs presented themselves, After their 
 bows and arrows were taken away they were in- 
 vited to Perrot's cabin, who gave something to 
 eat and tobacco to smoke. Looking at Perrot "s 
 loaded guns they asked. '-If he was afraid of his 
 children?" He rephed, he was not. They con- 
 tuiued, " You are displeased." He answered, 
 ■ • I have good reason to be. The Spirit has warned 
 
 me of your designs; you will take my things 
 away and put me in the kettle, and proceed 
 against the Xadouaissioux. The Spirit told me 
 to be on my guard, and he would help me." At 
 this they v.-ere astonished, and confessed that an 
 attack was meditated. That night the chiefs 
 slept in the stockade, and early the next morn- 
 ing a part of the hostile force was encamped in 
 the vicLnity. and wished to trade. Perrot had 
 now only a ft)rce of fifteen men. and seizing the 
 chiefs, he told them he would break their heads 
 if they did not disperse the Indians. One of the 
 chiefs then stood up on the gate of the fort and 
 said to the warriors. •• Do not advance, young 
 men. or you are dead. The Spirit has warned 
 Metaminens [Perrotj of your designs. " They fol- 
 lowed the advice, and afterwards Perrot present- 
 ed them with two gims. two kettles, aud some 
 tobacco, to close the door of war against the Xa- 
 douaissioux. and the chiefs were all permitted to 
 make a brief visit to the post. 
 
 Ketuniuig to Green Bay in 1686, he passed much 
 time in collecting allies for the expedition against 
 the Iroquois in Xew York. During this year he 
 gave to the Jesuit chapel at Depere. five miles 
 above Green Bay. a church utensil of silver, fif- 
 teen mehes high, still in existence. The stand- 
 ard, nme inches in height, supports a radiated 
 circlet closed with glass on both sides and sur- 
 mounted with a cross. This vessel, weighing 
 about twenty oimces, was intended to show the 
 consecrated wafer of the mass, and is called a 
 soleil. monstrance, or ostensorium. 
 
 Around the oval base of the rim is the follow- 
 ing inscription: 
 
 
 J'^ 
 
 \ 
 
 
 X 
 
 «>„ 
 
 "*''? V7 jra HaiA^'^ 
 
 rvo''* 
 
 In 1802 some workmen in digging at Green 
 Bay, Wiscousm, on the old Langlade estate dis-
 
 A cur OF BE ANDY AND WATEK DETECTS A THIEF. 
 
 31 
 
 covered this relic, which is now kept iii the vault 
 of the Eoman Catliolic bishop of that diocese. 
 
 During the spring of 1687 Perrot, with De Lu- 
 th and Tonty, was with the Indian alUes and the 
 Frencli in the expedition against the Senecas of 
 the Genessee Valley in New York. 
 
 The next year Denonville, Governor of Canada, 
 again sent Perrot with forty Frenchmen to the 
 Sioux who, says Potherie, " were very distant, 
 and who would not trade with us as easily as^ 
 the other tribes, tJie Outagamis [Foxes] having 
 boasted of having cut off the passage thereto." 
 
 "When Perrot arrived at Mackinaw, tlie tribes 
 of that region were much excited at tlie hostility 
 of the Outagamis [Foxes] toward the Sauteurs 
 [Chippeways]. As soon as Perrot and his party 
 reached Green Bay a depiitation of the Foxes 
 sought an interview. He told tliem that he had 
 nothing to do with tliis quarrel with tlie Chippe- 
 ways. In justification, they said that a party of 
 their young men, in going to war against the 
 STadouaissioux, had foiuid a young man and three 
 Chippeway girls. 
 
 Perrot was silent, and continued liis journey 
 towards the Xadouaissioux. Soon he was met by 
 five chiefs of tlie Foxes in a canoe, who begged 
 liim to go to their village. Perrot consented, and 
 when he went into a chief s lodge tliey placed be- 
 fore him broiled venison, and raw meat for the 
 rest of the French. He refused to eat because, 
 said he, "that meat did not give him any spirit, 
 but he would take some when the Outagamis 
 [Foxes] were moi-e reasonable." He then chided 
 tliem for not having gone, as requested by the 
 Governor of Canada, to the Detroit of Lake 
 Erie, and during the absence of the French fight- 
 ing with the Chippeways. Having ordered them 
 to go on their beaver hunt and only fight against 
 the Iroquois, he left a few Frenchmen to trade 
 and proceeded on his journey to the Sioux coun- 
 try. Arriving at the portage between the Fox and 
 Wisconsin Rivers they were impeded by ice, but 
 . witli the aid of some Pottawattomies they trans- 
 ported their goods to the AVisconsin. wliich they 
 found no longer frozen. The Chippeways were 
 informed tliat their daugliters liad been taken 
 from the Foxes, and a deputation came to take 
 them back, but being attacked by the Foxes, who 
 did not know their errand, tliey fled without se- 
 curing the three girls. Perrot then ascended the 
 
 Mississippi to the post which in 1684 lie had 
 erected, just above the mouth, and on the east 
 side of Lake Pepin. 
 
 As soon as the rivers were navigable, the Na- 
 douaissioux came down and escorted Perrot to 
 one of their villages, where he was welcomed 
 with much enthusiasm. He was carried upon a 
 beaver robe, followed by a long line of warriors, 
 each bearing a pipe, and singing. After taking 
 him around the village, he was borne to the chief's 
 lodge, when several came in to weep over his head, 
 with the same tenderness that the Ayoes (loways) 
 did, when Perrot several years before arrived at 
 Lake Pepin. " These weepings," says an old 
 chronicler " do not weaken their souls. They are 
 very good warriors, and reported the bravest in 
 that region. They are at war with all the tribes 
 at present except tlie Saulteurs [Chippeways] and 
 Ayoes [loways], and even with these tliey have 
 quarrels. At the break of day the Nadouaissioux 
 bathe, even to the youngest. They have very fine 
 forms, but the women are not comely, and they 
 look upon tlieni as slaves. They are jealous and 
 suspicious about them, and they are the cause 
 of quarrels and blood-shedding. 
 
 " The Siou.x are very dextrous with their ca- 
 noes, and they fight unto death if surrounded. 
 Their country is full of swamps, which shelter 
 them in summer from being molested. One must 
 be a Nadouaissioux, to find the way to their vil- 
 lages." 
 
 While Perrot was absent in New York, fight- 
 ing the Senecas, a Sioux chief knowing that few 
 Frenchmen were left at Lake Pepin, came with 
 one hundred warriors, and endeavored to pillage 
 it. Of this complaint was made, and the guilty 
 leader was near being put to death by his associ- 
 ates. Amicable relations having been formed, 
 preparations were made by Perrot to return to 
 his post. As they were going away, one of the 
 Frenchmen complained that a box of his goods 
 had been stolen. Perrot ordered a vovageur to 
 bring a cup of water, and into it he poured some 
 brandy. He then addressed the Indians ajid told 
 them he would dry up their marshes if the goods 
 were not restored ; and then he set on fire the 
 brandy in the cup, The savages were astonished 
 and terrified, and supposed that he possessed su- 
 pernatural powers ; and in a little while the goods
 
 32 
 
 EXPLOBEBS AXD PIOXEEBS OF MINNESOTA. 
 
 were found and restored to the owner, and the 
 French descended to their stockade. 
 
 The Foxes, while Perrot was in the Sioux 
 country, clianged their village, and settled on the 
 Mississippi. Coming up to visit Perrot. they 
 asked him to establish friendly relations between 
 them and the Sioux. At the time some SioiLX 
 were at the post trading furs, and at first they 
 supposed the French were plotting willi the 
 Foxes. Perrot. however, eased them by present- 
 ing the cahmiet and saying that the French con- 
 sidered the Outagamis [Foxes] as brothers, and 
 then adding: "Smoke in my pipe; this is the 
 maimer with which Onontio [Governor of Can- 
 ada] feeds his children." Tlie Sioux replied that 
 they wished the Foxes to smoke iii-st. This was 
 reluctantly done, and the Sioux smoked, but 
 ■would not conclude a definite peace until they 
 consulted their chiefs. This was not concluded, 
 because Perrot. before the chiefs came do\\Ti, 
 received orders to return to Canada. 
 
 About this time, in tlie presence of Father Jo- 
 seph James ilarest. a Jesuit missionary. Boisguil- 
 lot. a trader on the "Wisconsin and Mississippi. Le 
 Sueur, who afterward built a post below the Saint 
 Croix River, about nine miles from Hastings, the 
 following document was prepared: 
 
 '■ Xicholas Perrot. commandmg for tlie King at 
 the post of the Xadouessioux. commissioned by 
 the Marquis Denonville. Governor and Lieuten- 
 ant Governor of all Xew France, to manage the 
 interests of commerce among all the Indian tribes 
 and people of the Bay des Puants [Green Bay]. 
 Nadouessioux, Mascoutens, and other western na- 
 tions of the Upper ^Mississipjii. and to take pos- 
 session in the King's name of all tlie places where 
 he has heretofore been and whither he will go: 
 
 " AVe this day. the eighth of ;May. one thousand 
 six hundred and eighty-nine. do. in the presence 
 of the Reverend Father IMarest. of the Society of 
 Jesus, Missionary among the Xadouessioux, of 
 Monsieur de Boisguillot. commanding the French 
 in the neighborhood of the Ouiskonche. on the 
 Mississippi, Augustin Legardeur, Esquire. Sieur 
 de Caumont, and of Messieurs Le Sueiu:, Hebert, 
 Lemire and Blein. 
 
 •• Declare to all whom it may concern, that, be- 
 ing come from the Bay des Puants, and to the 
 Lake of the Ouiskonches, we did transport our- 
 selves to the country of the Xadouessioux, on the 
 
 boi'der of the river St. Croix, and at the mouth 
 of the river St. Pierre, on the bank of which were 
 the Mantantans. and further up to the interior, 
 as far as the Menehokatonx [Med-ay-wah-ka^\ii- 
 twawn], with whom dwell the majority of the 
 Songeskitons [Se-see-twawnsJ and other Xadou- 
 essiou.x who are to the northwest of the ilissis- 
 sippi. to take possession, for and in the name of 
 the King, of the countries and rivers inhabited by 
 the said tribes, and of which they are proprietoi's. 
 The present act done in our presence, signed with 
 our hand, and subscribed." 
 
 The three Chippeway girls of whom mention 
 has been made were still with the Foxes, and 
 Perrot took them with him to Mackinaw, upon 
 his return to Canada. 
 
 While there, the Ottawas held some prisoners 
 upon an island not far from the mainland. The 
 Jesuit Fathei-s went over and tried to save the 
 captives from har-sh treatment, but were unsuc- 
 cessful. The canoes appeare<l at length near each 
 other, one man paddling in each, while the war- 
 riors were answering the shouts of the prisoners, 
 who each held a white stick in his hand. As 
 they neared the sliore the chief of the party made 
 a speech to the Indians who lived on the shore, 
 and giving a history of the campaign, told them 
 that they were mastere of the prisoners. The 
 warriors then came on land. and. according to 
 custom, abandoned the spoils. An old man then 
 ordered nine men to conduct the prisoners to a 
 separate place. The women and tlie young men 
 formed a line with big sticks. The young pris- 
 oners soon found their feet, but the old men were 
 so badly used they spat blood, and they were con- 
 demned to be burned at the Mamilioii. 
 
 Tlie Jesuit Fathers and the French officers 
 were much emliarrassed, and feared that the Iro- 
 quois would complain of the little care which had 
 been used to prevent cruelty. 
 
 Perrot, in this emergency, walked to the place 
 where the prisoners were singing the deatli dirge, 
 in expectation of being burned, and told them to 
 sit down and be silent. A few Ottauwaws rudely 
 told them to sing on. but Perrot forbade. He 
 then went back to the Council, where the old men 
 had rendered judgment, and ordered one prisoner 
 to be burned at Mackinaw, one at Sault St. Marie 
 and another at Green Bay. Undaunted lie spoke 
 as follows : "I come to cut the strings of the
 
 PEREOT VISITS THE LEAD MINES. 
 
 33 
 
 dogs. I will not suffer them to be eaten . I have 
 pity on them, since my Father, Onontio, has com- 
 manded me. You Outaouaks [OttawawsJ are 
 like tame bears, who will not recognize them who 
 has brought them up. You have forgotten Onon- 
 tio 's protection. "When he asks your obedience, 
 you want to rule over him, and eat the flesh of 
 those children he does not wish to give to you. 
 Take care, that, if oyu swallow them, Onontio 
 will tear them with violence from between your 
 teeth. I speak as a brother, and I think I am 
 showing pity to your children, by cuttmg the 
 bonds of your prisoners." 
 
 His boldness had the desired effect. The pris- 
 oners were released, and two of them were sent 
 with him to Montreal, to be returned to the Iro- 
 quois. 
 
 On the 22nd of May, 1690, with one hmidred 
 and forty-three voyageurs and six Indians, Per- 
 rot left Montreal as an escort of Sieur de Lou- 
 vigny La Porte, a half-pay captain, appointed to 
 succeed Durantaye at Mackinaw, by Frontenac, 
 the new Governor of Canada, who in October of 
 the previous year had arrived, to take the place 
 of Denonville. 
 
 Perrot, as he approached Mackinaw, went in 
 advance to notify the French of the coming of 
 the commander of the post. As he came in sight 
 of the settlement, he hoisted the white flag with 
 the fleur de lis and the voyageurs shouted, '• Long 
 live the king! " Louvigny soon appeared and was 
 received by one himdied '• coureur des bois "' 
 imder arms. 
 
 From Mackinaw, Perrot proceeded to Green 
 Bay, and a party of Miamis there begged him to 
 make a trading establishment on the Mississippi 
 towards the Ouiskonsing{Wisconsin.) Thechief 
 made him a present of a piece of lead from a 
 mine which he had found in a small stream which 
 flows into the Mississippi. Perrot promised to 
 visit him within twenty days, and the chief then 
 returned to his village below the d'Ouiskonche 
 (iWsconsin) Kiver. 
 
 Having at length reached his post on Lake 
 Pepin, he was informed that the Sioux were 
 forming a large war party against the Outaga- 
 mis (Foxes) and other allies of the French. He 
 gave notice of his arrival to a party of about four 
 hundred Sioux who were on the Mississippi. 
 
 They arrested the massengers and came to the 
 post for the purpose of plunder. Perrot asked 
 them why they acted in this manner, and said 
 that the Foxes, Miamis, Kickapoos, Illinois, and 
 Maskoutens had united in a war party against 
 them, but that he had persuaded them to give it 
 up, and now he wished tliem to return to their 
 families and to their beaver. The Sioux declared 
 that they had started on the war-path, and that 
 they were ready to die. After they had traded 
 their furs, they sent for Perrot to come to their 
 camp, and begged that he would not hinder them 
 from searching for their foes. Perrot tried to dis- 
 suade them, but they insisted tliat the Spirit had 
 given them men to eat. at three days' journey 
 from the post Then more powerful influences 
 were used. After giving them two kettles and 
 some merchandise, Poerrt spoke thus: "I love 
 your life, and I am sure you will be defeated. 
 Your Evil Spirit has deceived you. If you kill 
 the Outagamis, or their allies, you must strike me 
 first; if you kill them, you kill me just the same, 
 for I hold them under one wing and you under 
 the other." After this he extended the calumet, 
 which they at first refused; but at length a chief 
 said he was right, and, makuig invocations to the 
 sun, wished Perrot to take him back to his arms. 
 This was granted, on condition that he would 
 give up his weapons of war. The chief then tied 
 them to a pole in the centre of the fort, turning 
 them toward the sun. He then persuaded the 
 other chiefs to give up the expedition, and, send- 
 ing for Perrot, he placed the calumet before him, 
 one end in the earth aud the other on a small 
 forked twig to hold it firm. Then he took from 
 his own sack a pair of his cleanest moccasins, and 
 taking off Perrot "s shoes, put on these. After he 
 had made him eat, presenting the calumet, he 
 said: " We listen to you now. Do for us as you 
 do for our enemies, and prevent them from kill- 
 ing us, and we will separate for the beaver limit. 
 The sun is the witness of our obedience."" 
 
 After this, Perrot descended the Mississippi 
 and revealed to the Maskoutens, who had come to 
 meet him, how he had pacified the Sionx. He, 
 about this period, in accordance with his prom- 
 ise, visited the lead mines. He found the ore 
 abundant " but the lead hard to work because it 
 lay between rocks which required blowing up. 
 It had very little dross and was easily melted."
 
 34 
 
 EXPLOBEBS AND PIONEERS OF MINNESOTA. 
 
 Penicaiit, who ascended the ^lississippi in 1700, 
 ^n'ote that twenty leagues below the Wisconsin, 
 on both sides of the ilississippi, were mines of 
 lead called ''Nicolas Perrot's." Early French 
 maps indicate as the locahty of lead mines the 
 site of modern towns, Galena, in Illinois, and Du- 
 buque, in Iowa. 
 
 In August, 1693, about two hinidred French- 
 men from Mackinaw, with delegates from the 
 tribes of the West, arrived at Montreal to at- 
 tend a grand council called by Governor Fronte- 
 nac, and among these was Perrot. 
 
 On the first Simday in September the governor 
 
 gave the Indians a great feast, after which they 
 and the traders began to return to the wilder- 
 ness. Perrot was ordered by Frontenac to es- 
 tablish a new post for the Miamis m Michigan, 
 in the neighborhood of the Kalamazoo River. 
 
 Two years later he is present again, in August, 
 at a council in Montreal, then returned to the 
 West, and in 1699 is recalled from Green Bay. 
 In 1701 he was at Montreal acting as interpreter, 
 and appears to have died before 1718: Ms wife 
 was Madeline Eaclos, and his residence was in 
 the Seigneury of Becancourt, not far from Three 
 Rivers, on the St. Lawrence.
 
 BARON LA HONTAN'S FABULOUS VoyAGH. 
 
 So 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 BARON LA HONTAN S FABITLOrs VOYAGE. 
 
 La Hoiitan. a Gascon by Birth. — Early Life. — Description of Kox and Wisconsin 
 Rivera — Indian Feast. — Alleged Ascent of Long River. — Bobe Exposes the 
 Deception.— Route to the Pacific. 
 
 The " Travels " of Baron La Hon tan appeared 
 in A. D. 1703, both at London and at Hague, and 
 were as saleable and readable as those of Hennepin, 
 which were on the counters of booksellers at the 
 same time. 
 
 La Hontan, a Gascon by birth, and in style of 
 writing, when about seventeen years of age, ar- 
 rived in Canada, in 1683, as a private soldier, and 
 was with Gov. De la Barre in his expedition of 
 1684, toward Niagara, and was also in the battle 
 near Rochester, New York, in 1687, at which Du 
 Luth and Perrot, explorers of Minnesota, were 
 present. 
 
 In 1688 he appears to have been sent to Fort 
 St. Joseph, which was built by Du Luth, on the 
 St. Clare River, near the site of Fort Gratiot, 
 Michigan. It is possible that he may have accom- 
 panied Perrot to Lake Pepin, who came about 
 this time to reoccupy his old post. 
 
 From the following extracts it will be seen that 
 his style is graphic, and that he probably had been 
 in 1688 in the valley of the Wisconsin. At Mack- 
 inaw, after his return from his pretended voyage 
 of the Long River, he writes: 
 
 " I left here on the 2-tth September, with my 
 men and five Outaouas, good hunters, whom I 
 have before mentioned to you as having been of 
 good service to me. All my brave men being 
 provided with good canoes, filled with provisions 
 and ammunition, together with goods for the In- 
 dian trade, I took advantage of a north wind, and 
 in three days entered the Bay of the Pouteouata- 
 mis, distant from here about forty leagues. The 
 entrance to the bay is full of islands. It is ten 
 leagues wide and twenty-flve in length. 
 
 " On the 29th we entered a river, which is quite 
 deep, whose waters are so affected by the lake 
 that they often rise and fall three feet in twelve 
 
 hours. Tills is an observation that I made dur- 
 ing these three or four days that I passed here. 
 The Sakis, the Poutouatamis, and a few of the 
 Malominis have their villages on the border of this 
 river, and the Jesuits have a house there. In the 
 place there is carried on quite a commerce in furs 
 and Indian corn, which the Indians traffic with 
 the ' eoureurs des bois' that go and come, for it is 
 their nearest and most convenient passage to the 
 Jlississippi. 
 
 " The lands here are very fertile, and produce, 
 almost without culture, the wheat of our Europe, 
 peas, beans, and any quantity of fruit unknown 
 in France. 
 
 •• The moment I landed, the waniors of three 
 nations came by turns to my cabin to entertain 
 me with the pipe and cliief dance ; the first in 
 proof of peace and friendship, the second to indi- 
 cate their esteem and consideration for me. In 
 return, I gave them several yards of tobacco, and 
 beads, with which they trimmed their capots. The 
 next morning, I was asked as a guest, to one of 
 the feasts of this nation, and after having sent my 
 dishes, which is the custom, I went towards noon. 
 They began to compliment me of my arrival, and 
 after hearing them, they all, one after the other, 
 began to sing and dance, in a manner that I will 
 detail to you when I liave more leisiu-e. These 
 songs and dances lasted two hours, and were sea- 
 soned with whoops of joy, and quibbles that they 
 have woven into their ridiculous nuisifiue. Then 
 the captives waited upon us. The whole troop 
 were seated in the Oriental custom. Each one 
 had his portion before him, like our monks in 
 their refectories. They commenced by placing 
 four dishes before me. The first consisted of two 
 white fish simply boiled in water. The second 
 was chopped meats with the boiled tongue of a 
 bear ; the third a beaver's tail, all roasted. They 
 made me drink also of a syrup, mixed with water, 
 made out of the maple tree. The feast lasted two
 
 EXPLOBEES AXD PIOXEEBS OF MiyXESOTA. 
 
 hours, after whieli, I requested a chief of the 
 nation to sing for me; for it is the custom. T\hen 
 we have business ^rtth them, to employ an inferior 
 for self in all the ceremonies they perform. I 
 gave him several pieces of tobacco, to oblige him 
 to keep the party till dark. The next day and the 
 day folio whig, I attended the feasts of the other 
 nations, where I oliserved the same formalities." 
 lie alleges that, on the 23d of October, he 
 reached the ilississippi Kiver, and, ascending, on 
 the 3d of November he entered mto a river, a 
 tributary from the west, that was almost without 
 a current, and at its mouth filled with rushes. 
 He then describes a journey of five hundred mUes 
 up this stream. He declares he found ujion its 
 banks three great nations, the Eokoros, Essa- 
 napes, and Gnacsitares, and because he ascended 
 it for sixty days, he named it Long River. 
 
 For years his wondrous story was believed, and 
 geographers hastened to trace it upon then- maps. 
 But ui time the voyage up the Long Elver was 
 discovered to be a fabrication. There is extant 
 a letter of Bobe. a Priest of the Congregation of 
 the Mission, dated Versailles, March 15, 1716, and 
 addressed to De LTsle, the geographer of the 
 Academy of Sciences at Paris, which exposes the 
 deception. 
 
 He writes: " It seems to me that you might 
 give the name of Bourbonia to these vast coim- 
 tries which are betneen the Missouri. Mississippi, 
 and the "Western Ocean. "Would it not be well to 
 efface that great river which La Hontan says he 
 discovered? 
 
 " All the Canadians, and even the Governor 
 General, have told me that this river is imknown. 
 If it existed, the French, who are on the Ilhnois, 
 and at Ouabache, would know of it. The last 
 volimie of the ' Lettres Edifiantes' of the Jesuits, 
 in which there is a verj' fine relation of the Illinois 
 CounUy, does not speak of it, any mure than the 
 letters which I received this year, which tell won- 
 ders of the beauty and goodness of th.e country. 
 They send me some quite pretty work, made by 
 the wife of one of the priacipal cliiefs. 
 
 " They tell me, that among the Scioux, of the 
 Mississippi, there are always Frenchmen trading: 
 that the course of the Mississippi is from nortli 
 to west, and from west to south; that it is known 
 that toward the source of the Mississippi there is 
 a river hi the highlands that leads to the western 
 
 ocean; that the Indians say that they have seen 
 bearded men with caps, who gather gold-dust on 
 the seashore, but that it is very far from tliis 
 country, and that they pass tlirough many nations 
 luiknown to the French. 
 
 ■• I have a memoir of La Motte Cadillac, form- 
 erly Governor of Missilimackinack, who says that 
 if St. Peters [MinnesotaJ River is ascended to its 
 source they wUl, accordhig to aU appearance, find 
 in the highland another river leading to the "West- 
 em Ocean. 
 
 "For the last two years I have tormented 
 exceedingly the Governor-General, M. Baudot, 
 and M. Duche, to move them to discover tlus 
 ocean. If I succeed, as I hope, we shall hear 
 tiduigs before three years, and I shaU have the 
 pleasure and the consolation of having rendered 
 a good service to Geography, to Religion and to 
 the State." 
 
 Charlevoix, in his History of New France, al- 
 luding to La Hontan 's voyage, writes: "The 
 voyage up the Long River is as fabulous as the 
 Island of Barrataria, of which Saneho Panza was 
 governor. Nevertheless, in France and else- 
 where, most people have received these memoirs 
 as the fruits of the travels of a gentleman who 
 wrote badly, although quite lightly, and who had 
 no religion, but who described pretty sincerely 
 what he had seen. The consequence is that the 
 compilers of historical and geographical diction- 
 aries have almost always followed and cited them 
 in preference to more faithful records." 
 
 Even in modern times. Nicollet, employed by 
 the United States to explore the Upper ilississ- 
 ippi. has the following in his report: 
 
 "Having procured a copy of La Hontan's 
 book, in which there is a roughly made map of 
 his Long River, I was struck with the resem- 
 blance of its course as laid down with that of 
 Cannon River, which I had previously sketched 
 in my o^vn field-book. I soon convinced myself 
 that the principal statements of the Baron in ref- 
 erence to the country and the few details he gives 
 of the physical character of the the river, coin- 
 cide remarkably with what I had laid down as 
 belonging to Cannon River. Then the lakes and 
 swamps corresponded; traces of Indian ^•illages 
 mentioned by him might be found by a growth 
 of wild grass that propagates itself aroimd all old 
 Indian settlements."
 
 LE SUEUB, EXPLOBER OF THE MINNESOTA RIVER. 
 
 37 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 LE SUEUR, EXPLORER OF THE MINNESOTA RIVER. 
 
 Le Sufiir Visits lake Pepin.— Stationed nt ha Pointe— Establishes a Post on an 
 Island Aljove Lake Pepin.— Island Described by Penicant.— Kiret S oux Chief 
 at Montreal.— Ojibway Chiefs* Speeches.— Speeeh of Sioux Chief.— Tceoskah- 
 tay's Death.— Le Sueur Goes to Francc.-Posis West of Mackinaw Abandoned 
 — Le Sueur's License Revoked.— Second Visit to Prance.— Arrives in Gulf of 
 Mexico with D'Iberville.— Ascends the Mississippi.— Lead Mines.- Canadians 
 Fleeing from the Sioux.— At the Mouth of the Wisconsin.— Sioux Robbers.— Elk 
 Hunting.— Lake Pepin Described.- Rattlesnakes.— La Place Killad.-St. Croix 
 River Named After a Frenchman.— Le Sueur Reaches St. Pterre, now Minne- 
 sota River— Enters Mankahto, or Blue Eartli, River— Sioux of the Plains.— 
 Fort L'Huillier Completed.— Conferences with Sioux Bands — Assinabolncs a 
 Separated Sioux Band —An Indian Feast.— Names of the Sioux Bands.— Char- 
 levoix's Account.— U Sueur Goes with D'Iberville to France.— D'lberville's 
 Memorial.- Early CensuJ- of Indian Tribes. -Penicaut's Account of Fort L'Huil 
 lier.— Le Sueur's Departure from the Fort-— D'Evaqe Left in Charjic.— Return" 
 to Mobile.— Juchereau at Moutb of Wisconsin. -Bondor a Montreal Merchant — 
 Sioux Attack Miamis.— Boudor Robbed by the Sioux. 
 
 Le Sueur was a native of Canada, and a rela- 
 tive of D'Iberville, the early Governor of Louis- 
 iana. He came to Lake Pepin in 1683, with 
 Nicholas Perrot, and his name also appears at- 
 tached to the document prepared in May, 1689, 
 after Perrot had re-occupied his post just above 
 the entrance of the lake, on the east side. 
 
 In 1692, he was sent by Governor Frontenac of 
 Canada, to La Pointe, on Lake Superior, and in a 
 dispatch of 1693, to the French Government, is 
 the following : '■ Le Sueur, another voyageur, is 
 to remain at Chagouamagon [La Pointe] to en- 
 deavor to maintain the peace lately concluded be- 
 tween the Saulteurs [Chippeways] and Sioux. 
 This is of the greatest consequence, as it is now 
 the sole pass by which access can be had to the 
 latter nation, \\'hose trade is very profitable ; the 
 country to the south being occupied by the Foxes 
 and Iilaskoutens, who several times plundered the 
 French, on the ground they were carrying ammu- 
 nition to the Sioux, their ancient enemies." 
 
 Entering the Sioux country in 1694. he estab- 
 lished a post upon a prairie island in the Missis- 
 sippi, about nine miles below the present town of 
 Hastings, according to Bellin and others. Peni- 
 caut, who accompanied him in the exploration of 
 the Minnesota, writes, " At the extremity of the 
 lake [Pepin] you come to the Isle Pelee, so called 
 because there are no trees on it. It is on this island 
 
 that the French from Canada established their 
 fort and storehouse, and they also ■s\inter here, 
 because game is very abundant. In the month of 
 September they bring their store of meat, obtained 
 by hunting, and after having skinned and cleaned 
 it, hang it upon a crib of raised scaffolding, in 
 order that the extreme cold, which lasts from 
 September to March, may preserve it from spoil- 
 ing. During the whole winter they do not go out 
 except for water, when tliey have to break the ice 
 every day, and the abin is generally built upon 
 the bank, so as not to liave far to go. When 
 spring arrives, the savages come to the island, 
 bringing their merchandize." 
 
 On the fifteenth of July, 1695, Le Sueur arrived 
 at jMoiitreal with a party of Ojibways, and the 
 first Dukotah brave that had ever visited Canada. 
 
 The Indians were much impressed with the 
 power of France liy the marching of a detach- 
 ment of seven luuidred picked men. under Chev- 
 alier Cresafi, who were on their way to La Chine. 
 
 On the eighteenth, Frontenac, in the presence 
 of Callieres and other persons of distinction, gave 
 them an audience. 
 
 The first speaker was the chief of the Ojibway 
 band at La Pointe, Shiiigowahbay, who said: 
 
 " Thatiie was come to pay his respects to Onon- 
 tio [the title given the Governor of Canada] in the 
 name of the young warriors of Point Chagouami- 
 gon, and to thank him for having given them 
 some Frenchmen to dwell with tliem; to testify 
 their sorrow for one Jobin, a Frenchman, who 
 was killed at a feast, accidentally, and not ma- 
 liciously. We come to ask a favor of you, which 
 is to let us act. We are allies of the Sciou. Some 
 Outagamies, or Mascoutins, have been killed. 
 The Sciou came to mourn with us. Let us act, 
 Father; let us take revenge. 
 
 " Le Sueur alone, who is acquainted with the 
 language of the one and the other, can serve us. 
 We ask that he return with us."
 
 38 
 
 EXPLORERS AXI) PIOXEERS OF MIXXESOIA. 
 
 Another speaker of the Ojibways was Le Bro- 
 chet. 
 
 Teeoskahtay, the Dahkotah chief, before he 
 spoke, spread out a beaver robe. and. laying an- 
 other with a tobacco pouch and otter skin, began 
 to weep bitterly. After dr>-iug his tears, he said: 
 
 ■• All of the nations had a father, who afforded 
 them protection; all of them have ii-on. But he 
 was a bastard in quest of a father; he was come 
 to see him. and hopes that he will take pity on 
 him." 
 
 He then placed upon the beaver robe twenty- 
 two arrows, at each arrow namuig a Dalikotah 
 village that desired Frontenac"s protection. Ee- 
 sumiug Ms speech, he remarked: 
 
 " It is not on account of what I bring that I 
 hope him who rules the earth will have pity on 
 me. I learned from the Santeurs that he wanted 
 nothing; that he was the Master of the Iron; that 
 he had a big heart, into wliich he could receive 
 all the nations. This has induced me to abandon 
 my people and come to seek his protection, and 
 to beseech bim to receive me iimong the number 
 of his cliildren. Take courage. Great Captain, 
 and reject me not; despise me not. though I ap- 
 pear poor in your eyes. All the nations here 
 present know that I am rich, and the little they 
 ofier here is taken from my lands."' 
 
 Coiuit Frontenac ui reply told the chief that he 
 would receive the Dahkotahs as his children, on 
 condition that they would be obedient, and that 
 he would send back Le Sueur with him. 
 
 Teeoskahtay, taking hold of the governor's 
 knees, wept, and said: " Take pity on us; we 
 are well aware that we are not able to speak, be- 
 ing children; but Le Sueur, who understands our 
 language, and has seen all our ^'illages, will next 
 year inform you what ^vill have been achieved by 
 the Sioux nations represented by those arrows be- 
 fore you." 
 
 Having finished, a Dahkotah woman, the wife 
 of a great chief whom Le Sueiu- had purchased 
 from capti\-ity at Mackinaw, approached those in 
 authority, and. with downcast eyes, embraced 
 their knees, weeping and sajing: 
 
 " I thank thee. Father; it is by thy means I 
 have been liberated, and am no longer captive." 
 
 Then Teeoskahtay resiuned: 
 
 " I speak like a man penetrated with joy. The 
 Great Captain; he who is the Master of Iron, as- 
 
 sises me of his protection, and I promise him that 
 if he condescends to restore my children, now 
 prisoners among the Foxes, Ottawas and Hurons, 
 I will return hither, and tiring with me the twen- 
 ty-two villages whom he has just restored to life 
 by promising to send them Iron." 
 
 On the 14th of August. Uvo weeks after the 
 O jib way chief left for his home on Lake Superior, 
 Xicholas Perrot arrived with a deputation of 
 Saitks. Foxes, Meuomonees, Miamis of Maramek 
 and Pottowatomies. 
 
 Two days after, they had a cormcil with the 
 governor, who thus spoke to a Fox brave: 
 
 •' I see that you are a young man: your nation 
 has quite turned away from my wishes; it has 
 pillaged some of my young men, whom it has 
 treated as slaves. I know that your father, who 
 loved the French, had no hand in the indignitj'. 
 You only imitate the example of your father_ 
 who had sense, when you do not co-operate 
 with those of your tribe who are wisliing to go 
 over to my enemies, after they grossly insulted 
 me and defeated the Sioux, whom I now consider 
 my son. I pity the Sioux; I pitj- the dead whose 
 loss I deplore. Perrot goes up there, and he will 
 speak to your nation from me for the release of 
 their prisoners; let them attend to him." 
 
 Teeoshkahtay never returned to his native land. 
 Wliile in Monti-eal he was taken sick, and in 
 thirty-three days he ceased to breathe; and. fol- 
 lowed by white men, his body was interred in the 
 wiiite man's grave. 
 
 Le Sueur instead of going back to Minnesota 
 that year, as was expected, went to France and 
 received a license, in 1897. to open certain mines 
 supposed to exist in Mmnesota. The ship in 
 which he was retui-ning was captm-ed by the Eng- 
 Ush, and he was taken to England. After his 
 release he went back to France, and, in 1698, ob- 
 tained a new commission for mining. 
 
 ■\niile Le Sueur was in Eui-ope, the Dahkotas 
 waged war against the Foxes and Miamis. In 
 retaUation. the latter raised a war party and en- 
 tered the land of the Dahkotahs. Finding their 
 foes intrenched, and assisted by " coirreurs des 
 bois," they were mdignant; and on their return 
 they had a skirmish with some Frenchmen, who 
 were carrying goods to the Dahkotahs. 
 
 Shortly after, they met Perrot, and were about 
 to burn him to death, when prevented by some
 
 LE SVEUB ASCENDS THE MISSISIPPI BIVEB. 
 
 39 
 
 friendly Foxes. The Miamis, after this, were 
 disposed to be friendly to the Iroquois. In 1696, 
 the year previous, the authorities at Quebec de- 
 cided that it was expedient to abandon all the 
 posts west of Mackinaw, and withdraw the French 
 from Wisconsin and Minnesota. 
 
 The voyageius were not disposed to leave the 
 country, and the governor wrote to Pontchar- 
 train for instructions, in October, 1698. In his 
 dispatch he remarks: 
 
 " In this conjuncture, and under all these cir- 
 cumstances, we consider it our duty to postpone, 
 until new instructions from the court, the execu- 
 tion of Sieur Le Sueur's enterprise for the mines, 
 though the promise had already been given him 
 to send two canoes in advance to Missilimackinac, 
 for the purpose of purchasing there some pro- 
 visions and other necessaries for his voyage, and 
 that he would be permitted to go and join them 
 early in the spring with the rest of his hands. 
 What led us to adopt this resolution has been, 
 that the French who remamed to trade off with 
 the Five Nations the remainder of their merch- 
 andise, might, on seeing entirely new comers 
 arriving there, consider themselves entitled to 
 dispense with coming down, and perhaps adopt 
 the resolution to settle there; wliilst, seeing no 
 arrival there, with permission to do what is for- 
 bidden, the reflection they will be able to make 
 during the winter, and the apprehension of being 
 guilty of crime, may oblige them to return in the 
 spring. 
 
 " This would be very desirable, in consequence 
 of the great diflBculty there will be in constraining 
 them to it, should they be inclined to lift the mask 
 altogether and become buccaneers; or should 
 Sieur Le Sueur, as he easily could do, furnish 
 them with goods for their beaver and smaller 
 peltry, which he might send down by the return of 
 other Frenchmen, whose sole desire is to obey, and 
 who have remained only because of the impossi- 
 biUty of getting their effects down. This would 
 rather induce those who w-ould continue to lead a 
 vagabond life to remain there, as the goods they 
 would receive from Le Sueur's people would afford 
 them the means of doing so." 
 
 In reply to this communication, Louis XIV. 
 answered that — 
 
 " His majesty has approved that the late Sieur 
 de Frontenac and De Champigny suspended the 
 
 execution of the license granted to the man named 
 Le Sueur to proceed, with fifty men, to explore 
 some mines on the banks of the Mississippi. lie 
 has revoked said license, and desires that the said 
 Le Sueur, or any other person, be prevented from 
 leaving the colony on pretence of going in search 
 of mines, without his majesty's express permis- 
 sion." 
 
 Le Sueur, undaunted by these drawbacks to the 
 prosecution of a favorite project, again visited 
 France. 
 
 Fortimately for Le Sueur, D'Iberville. who was 
 a friend, and closely connected by marriage, was 
 appointed governor of the new territory of Louis- 
 iana. In the month of December he arrived from 
 France, with thirty workmen, to proceed to the 
 supposed mines in Minnesota. 
 
 On the thirteenth of July, 1700. with a felucca, 
 two canoes, and nineteen men, having ascended 
 the Mississippi, he had reached the mouth of the 
 Missouri, and six leagues above this he passed the 
 Illinois. He there met three Canadians, who 
 came to join him, with a letter from Father ilar- 
 est, who had once attempted a mission among the 
 Dahkotahs, dated July 13, Mission Immaculate 
 Conception of the Holy Virgin, in Illinois. 
 
 " I have the honor to write, in order to inform 
 you that the Saugiestas have been defeated by the 
 Seioux and Ayavois [lowas]. The people have 
 formed an alliance with the Quincapous [Kicka- 
 poos], some of the Mecoutins, Renards [Foxes], 
 and Metesigamias, and gone to revenge them- 
 selves, not on the Seioux, for they are too much 
 afraid of them, but perhaps on the Ayavois, or 
 very likely upon the Paoutees, or more probably 
 upon the Osages, for these suspect nothing, and 
 the others are on their guard. 
 
 "As you will probably meet these alUed na- 
 tions, you ought to take precaution against their 
 plans, and not allow them to board your vessel, 
 since they are traitors, and utterly failhlcsg. I pray 
 God to accompany you in all your designs." 
 
 Twenty-t^vo leagues above the Illinois, he passed 
 a small stream which he called the River of Oxen, 
 and nine leagues beyond this he passed a small 
 river on the west side, where he met four Cana- 
 dians descending the Mississippi, on their way to 
 the Illinois. On the 30th of July, nine leagues 
 above the last-named river, he met seventeen 
 Seioux, in seven canoes, who were going to re-
 
 40 
 
 EXPLORERS AND PIONEERS OF MINNESOTA. 
 
 venge the death of three Scioux. one of whom had 
 been burned, and the others killed, at Tamarois, 
 a few days before his arrival in that village. As 
 he had promised the chief of the Illinois to ap- 
 pease the Scionx who should go to war against 
 his nation, he made a present to the cliief of the 
 party to engage him to turn back. He told them 
 the Kiiig of France did not -n-ish them to make 
 this river more bloody, and that he was sent to tell 
 them that, if they obeyed the king's word, they 
 would receive in future all things necessary for 
 them. The cliief answered that he accepted the 
 present, that is to say, that he would do as had 
 been told him. 
 
 From the 30th of July to the 2oth of August, Le 
 Sueur advanced fifty-tlu-ee and one-foiulh leagues 
 to a small river wliieh he called the River of the 
 Mine. At the mouth it nms from the north, but 
 it turns to the northeast. On the right seven 
 leagues, there is a lead mine in a prairie, one and 
 a half leagues. The river is only navigable in 
 high water, that is to say, from early spring till 
 the month of Jime. 
 
 From the 2oth to the 27th he made ten leagues, 
 passed two small rivers, and made himself ac- 
 quauited ^^ith a mine of lead, from which he took 
 a supply. From the 27th to the 30th he made 
 eleven and a half leagues, and met five Canadians, 
 one of whom had been dangerously wounded in 
 the head. They were naked, and had no ammu- 
 nition except a miserable gim. with five or six 
 loads of powder and balls. They said they were 
 descenduig from the Scioux to go to Tamarois. 
 and, when seventy leagues above, they perceived 
 nine canoes in the Mississippi, in wliich were 
 ninety savages, who robbed and cruelly beat them. 
 Tills party were going to war against the Scioux. 
 and were composed of four different nations, the 
 Outagamies [Foxes]. Poutouwatamis [Pottowatta- 
 mies], and Puans [Winnebagoes], who dwell in a 
 coimtry eighty leagues east of the Mississippi 
 from where Le Suem' then was. 
 
 The Canadians determined to follow the detach- 
 ment, which was composed of tnenty-eight men. 
 This day they made seven and a half leagues. 
 On the 1st of September he passed tlie Wisconsin 
 river. It runs into the Mississippi from the north- 
 east. It is nearly one and a half miles wide. At- 
 about seventy-five leagues up tliis river, on the 
 right, ascending, there is a portage of more than 
 
 a league. The half of this portage is shaking 
 ground, and at the end of it is a small river which 
 descends into a bay called "Wirmebago Bay. It is 
 inhabited by a great number of nations who carry 
 their furs to Canada. Monsieur Le Sueur came 
 by the "Wisconsin river to the Mississippi, for the 
 first time, in 1683. on his way to the Scioux coun- 
 try, where he had already passed seven years at 
 different periods. The ilississippi. opposite the 
 mouth of the Wisconsin, is less than half a mile 
 wide. From the 1st of September to the oth, our 
 voyageur advanced fourteen leagues. He passed 
 the river " Aux Canots." which comes from the 
 northeast, and then the Quincapous. named from 
 a nation which once dwelt upon its banks. 
 
 From the oth to the 9th he made ten and a half 
 leagues, and passed the rivers Cachee and Aux 
 Ailes. The same day he perceived canoes, filled 
 with savages, descending the river, and the five 
 Canadians recognized them as the party who had 
 robbed them. They placed sentinels in the wood, 
 for fear of being sm-prised by land, and when 
 they had approached within hearing, they cried to 
 them that if they approached farther they would 
 fire. They then drew up by an island, at half the 
 distance of a giui shot. Soon, four of the princi- 
 pal men of the band approached in a canoe, and 
 asked if it was forgotten that they were our 
 lirethren, and with what design we had taken 
 arms when we perceived them. Le Sueur replied 
 that he had cause to distnist them, since they had 
 robbed five of his party. Nevertheless, for the 
 surety of his trade, being forced to be at peace 
 with all the tribes, he demanded no redress for 
 the robbery, but added merely that the king, their 
 master and his, wished that his subjects should 
 navigate that river without insult, and that they 
 had better beware how they acted. 
 
 The Indian who had spoken was silent, but an- 
 other said they had been attacked by the Scioux, 
 and that if they did not have pity on them, and 
 give them a little powder, they should not be able 
 to reach theii- villages. The consideration of a 
 missionary, who was to go up among the Scioux, 
 and wliom these savages might meet, induced 
 them to give two pounds of powder. 
 
 M. Le Sueur made the sanie day three leagues; 
 passed a stream on the west, and afterward an- 
 other river on the east, wliich is navigaVile at all 
 times, and which the Indians call Red River.
 
 BATTLE SNAKES ON SHORES OF LAKE PEPIN. 
 
 41 
 
 On the 10th, at daybreak, they heard an elk 
 whistle, on the other side of the river. A Cana- 
 dian crossed in a small Scioux canoe, whicli tliey 
 had found, and shortly returned with tlie body of 
 the animal, which was very easily killed, "quand 
 11 est en rut," that is, from tlie beginning of Sep- 
 tember imtil tlie end of October. The hunters at 
 this tune made a whistle of a piece of wood, or 
 reed, and when they hear an elk whistle they an- 
 swer it. The animal, believing it to be another 
 elk, approaches, and is killed with ease. 
 
 From the 10th to the 14tli, M. Le Sueur made 
 seventeen and a lialf leagues, passing the rivers 
 Raisin and Paquilenettes (perhaps the "Wazi Ozu 
 and Buffalo.) The same day he left, on the east 
 side of the Mississippi, a beautiful and large river, 
 which descends from the very far north, and 
 called Bon Secours (Chippeway), on account of the 
 great quantity of buffalo, elk, bears and deers 
 which are found there. Three leagues up this 
 river there is a mine of lead, and seven leagues 
 above, on the same side, they found another long 
 river, in the vicinity of which there is a copper 
 mine, from which he had taken a lump of sixty 
 pounds in a former voyage. In order to make 
 these mines of any account, peace must be ob- 
 tained between the Scioux and Ouatagamis (Fox- 
 es), because the latter, who dwell on the east side 
 of the Mississippi, pass this road coutmually when 
 going to war against the Sioux. 
 
 Penicaut, in his journal, gives a brief descrip- 
 tion of the Mississippi between the Wiseonsm 
 and Lake Pepin. lie writes: "Above the Wis- 
 consin, and ten leagues higher on the same side, 
 begins a great jirairie extending for sixty leagues 
 along the bank; this prairie is called Aux Ailes. 
 Opposite to Aux Ailes, on the left, there is 
 another prairie facing it called Paquilanet which 
 is not so long by a great deal. Twenty leagues 
 above these prairies is found Lake Bon Secours " 
 [Good Help, now Pepin.] 
 
 In this region, at one and a half leagues on the 
 northwest side, commenced a lake, which is six 
 leagues long and more than one broad, called 
 Lake Pepin. It is bounded on the west by a 
 chain of mountains; on the east is seen a prairie; 
 and on the northwest of the lake there is another 
 prairie two leagues long and one wide. In the 
 neighborhood is a chain of mountains quite two 
 hundred feet high, and more than one and a half 
 
 miles long. In these are found several caves, to 
 which the bears retire in winter. Most of the 
 caverns are more than seventy feet in extent, and 
 two hundred feet high. There are several of 
 which the entrance is very narrow, and quite 
 closed up with saltpetre. It would be dangerous 
 to enter them in summer, for they are filled with 
 rattlesnakes, the bite of which is very dangerous. 
 Le Sueur saw some of these snakes which were 
 six feet in length, but generally they are about 
 four feet. They have teeth resembling those of 
 the pike, and their gums are full of small vessels, 
 in which their poison is placed. The Scioux say 
 they take it every mornin -, and cast it away at 
 night. They have at the tail a kind of scale which 
 makes a noise, and this is called the rattle. 
 
 Le Sueur made on this day seven and a half 
 leagues, and passed another river, called Iliam- 
 bouxecate Ouataba, or the River of Flat Rock. 
 [The Sioux call the Cannon river Inyanbosndata.] 
 On the 15th he crossed a small river, and saw 
 in the neighborhood several canoes, filled with 
 Indians, descending the Mississippi. He sup- 
 posed they were Scioux, because he could not dis- 
 tinguish whether the canoes were large or small. 
 The arms were placed in readiness, and soon they 
 heard the cry of the savages, which they are ac- 
 customed to raise when they rush upon their en- 
 emies. He caused them to be answered in the 
 same manner; and after having placed all the 
 men behind the trees, he ordered them not to fire 
 until they were commanded. He remained on 
 shore to see what movement the savages would 
 make, and perceiving that they placed two on 
 shore, on the other side, where from an eminence 
 they could ascertain the strength of his forces, he 
 caused the men to pass and repass from the shore 
 to the wood, in order to make tlieni believe that 
 they were numerous. This ruse succeeded, for 
 as soon as the two descended from the eminence 
 the chief of the party came, bearing the calumet 
 which is a signal of peace among the Indians. 
 They said that having never seen the French navi- 
 gate the riverwith boats like the felucca, they had 
 supposed them to be English, and for that reason 
 they had raised the war cry. and arranged them- 
 selves on the other side of the Mississippi; but 
 having recognized their flag, they had come with- 
 out fear to inform them, that one of their num- 
 ber, who was crazy, had accidentally killed a
 
 42 
 
 EXPLOEEES AND PIOKEEES OF MINNESOTA. 
 
 Frenchman, and tliat they would go and bring his 
 comrade, who would tell how the mischief had 
 happened. 
 
 The Trenchman they brought was Denis, a Ca- 
 nadian, and he reported that his companion was 
 accidentally killed. His name was Laplace, a de- 
 serting soldier from Canada, who had taken ref- 
 uge in this country. 
 
 Le Sueur replied, that Ouontio (the name they 
 give to all the governors of Canada), being their 
 father and his, they ought not to seek justification 
 elsewhere than before him: and he advised them 
 to go and see him as soon as possible, and beg 
 him to mpe off the blood of this Frenchman from 
 their faces. 
 
 The party was composed of forty-seven men of 
 different nations, who dwell far to the east, about 
 the forty-fourth degree of latitude. Le Sueur, 
 discovering who the chiefs were, said the king 
 whom they had spoken of in Canada, had sent 
 him to take possession of the north of the river; 
 and that he -wished the nations who dwell on it. 
 as well as those under his protection, to live in 
 peace. 
 
 He made this day three and three-fourths 
 leagues: and on the 16th of September, he left a 
 large river on the east side, iKnued at. Croix, he- 
 cause a Frenchman of that name was shi^jicrecked 
 at its mouth. It comes from the north-northwest. 
 Four leagues higher, in going up. is found a small 
 lake, at the mouth of which is a very large mass 
 of copper. It is on the edge of the water, in a 
 small ridge of sandy earth, on the west of this 
 lake. [One of La Salle's men was named St. 
 Croix.] 
 
 From the 16th to the 19th. he advanced thir- 
 teen and three-fourths leagues. After liavmg 
 made from Tamarois two hundred and nine and a 
 half leagues, he left the navigation of the Missis- 
 sippi, to enter the river St. Pierre, on the west 
 side. By the 1st of October, lie had made in this 
 river forty-four and one-fourth leagues. After he 
 entered Blue river, thus named on account of the 
 mines of blue earth found at its mouth, he found- 
 ed his post, situated in forty-four degrees, thir- 
 teen minutes north latitude. He met at this 
 place nine Scioux, who told him that the river 
 belonged to the Scioux of the west, the Ayavois 
 (lowas) and Otoctatas (Ottoes). who lived a little 
 farther off; that it was not their custom to hunt 
 
 on groiuid belonging to others, unless invited to 
 do so by the owners, and that when they would 
 come to the fort to obtain pro%'isions. they would , 
 be in danger of being killed in ascending or de- 
 scending the rivers, vrliich were narrow, and that 
 if they woidd show their pity, he must establish 
 himself on the Mississippi, near the mouth of the St. 
 Pierre, where the Ayavois, the Otoctatas, and the 
 other Scioux could go as well as they. 
 
 Having finished their speech, they leaned over 
 the head of Le Sueur, according to their custom, 
 crying out, "Ouaechissou ouaepanimanabo," that 
 is to say. " Have pity upon us." Le Sueur had 
 foreseen that the establishment of Blue Earth 
 river would not please the Scioux of the East, 
 who were, so to speak, masters of the other Scioux 
 and of the nations which wDl be hereafter men- 
 tioned, because they were the first with ichom trade 
 was commenced, and in consequence of which they 
 had already quite a number of guns. 
 
 As he had commenced his operations not only 
 with a view to the trade of beaver but also to 
 gain a knowledge of the mines which he had pre- 
 ! viously discovered, he told them that he was sor- 
 I ry that he had not known their intentions sooner, 
 I and that it was just, suice he came expressly for 
 them, that he should establish liimself on their 
 land, but that the season was too far advanced 
 for him to return. He then made them a present 
 I of powder, balls and knives, and an armful of to- 
 I bacco, to entice them to assemble, as soon as pos- 
 sible, near the fort he was about to construct, 
 that when they should be all assembled he might 
 tell them the intention of the king, their and liis 
 sovereign. 
 
 The Scioux of the West, according to the state- 
 ment of the Eastern Scioux. have more than a 
 thousand lodges. They do not use canoes, nor 
 cultivate the earth, nor gather wild rice. They 
 remain generally on the prairies which are be- 
 tween the Upper Mississippi and Missouri rivers, 
 and Uve entirely by the chase. The Scioux gen- 
 erally sa>; they have three souls, and that after 
 death, that which has done weU goes to the warm 
 country, that which has done evil to the cold 
 regions, and the other guards the body. Poly- 
 gamy is common among them. They are very 
 jealous, and sometimes fight in duel for their 
 wives. They manage the bow admirably, and 
 have been seen several times to kill ducks on the
 
 BLUE EARTH ASSAYED BY nWLLIER IN I'AMlS. 
 
 43 
 
 wing. They make their lodges of a number of 
 buffalo skins interlaced and sewed, and carry 
 them wherever tliey go. They are all great smo- 
 kers, but their manner of smoking differs from 
 that of other Indians. There are some Scioux 
 who swallow all the smoke of the tobacco, and 
 others who, after having kept it some time In 
 their mouth, cause it to issue from the nose. In 
 each lodge there are usually two or three men 
 with their families. 
 
 On the third of October, they received at the 
 fort several Scioux, among whom was Wahkan- 
 tape, chief of the village. Soon two Canadians 
 arrived who had been limiting, and who had been 
 robbed by the Scioux of the East, who had raised 
 their guns against the establishment which M. 
 Le Sueur had made on Blue Earth river. 
 
 On the fourteenth the fort was iinished and 
 named Fort L'Huillier, and on the twenty-second 
 two Canadians were sent out to invite the Aya- 
 vois and Otoctatas to come and establish a vil- 
 lage near the fort, because these Indians are in- 
 dustrious and accustomed to cultivate the earth, 
 and they hoped to get provisions from them, and 
 to make them work in the mines. 
 
 On the twenty-fourth, six Scioux Oujalespoi- 
 tons wished to go into the fort, but were told 
 that they did not receive men who had killed 
 Frenchmen. This is the term used when they 
 have insulted them. The next day they came to 
 the lodge of Le Sueur to beg him to have pity on 
 tliem. They wished, according to custom, to 
 weep over his head and make him a present of 
 packs of beavers, which he refused. He told 
 them he was surprised that people who had rol)- 
 bed should come to him ; to wliich they replied 
 that they had lieaid it said tliat two Frenchmen 
 had been robbed, but none from their village had 
 been present at that wicked action. 
 
 Le Sueur answered, that he knew it was tlie 
 Mendeoucantons and not the Oujalespoitoiis i 
 " but,"' continued he, '■ you are Scioux ; it is the 
 Scioux who have robbed me, and if I were to fol- 
 low your manner of acting I should break your 
 heads ; for is it not true, that when a stranger 
 (it is thus they call the Indians who are not 
 Scioux) has insulted a Scioux, Mendeoucanton. 
 Oujalespoitoiis, or others — all the villages revenge 
 upon the first one they meetV" 
 
 As they had nothing to answer to what he said 
 
 to them, they wept and repeated, according to 
 custom, " Ouaechissou ! ouaepauimauabo !" Le 
 Sueur told tliem to cease crying, and added that 
 the French had good hearts, and that they had 
 come into the country to have pity on them. At 
 tlie same time lie made tliem a iiresent. saying to 
 them, •' Carry back your beavers and say to all 
 the Scioux, that they will have from me no more 
 powder or lead, and they will no longer smoke 
 any long pipe until they have made satisfaction 
 for robbing tlie Frencliman. 
 
 The same day the Canadians, wlm liad been 
 sent off on the 22d. arrived without having found 
 the road which led to the Ayavois and Otoctatas. 
 On the 2oth, Le Sueur went to the river with 
 three canoes, which he filled witli green and blue 
 earth. It is taken from the hills near wliicli are 
 very abundant mines of copper, some of wliicli 
 was worked at Paris in 1696, by L'iluillier. one 
 of the chief collectors of the king. Stones were 
 also found there whicli would be curious, if 
 worked. 
 
 On the nintli of November, eight MaiUaiilon 
 Scioux arrived, who had been sent by tlieir cliiefs 
 to .say that the Mendeoitcantnus were still <tt thiir 
 lake on the east of the Mimssippi. and they could 
 not come for a long time : and that for a single 
 village whicli had no good sense, tlie otliers ought 
 not to bear the punishnient ; and that they were 
 willing to make reparation if they knew liow. 
 Le Sueur replied that he was glad tliat they had 
 a disposition to do so. 
 
 On tlie l-5lli the two Mantauton Scioux. who 
 liad been sent expiessly to say that all of tlie 
 Scioux of the east, and part of those of the west, 
 were joined togetlier to come to the Frencli, be- 
 cause they had heard that the Christianaux and 
 the Assinipoils were making war on them. 
 These two nations dwell above tlie fort on tlie 
 east side, more than eiglit\ leagues on the I'lijier 
 Mississippi. 
 
 The Assinipoils speak Scioux. and are certainly 
 of tliat nation. It is only a tew years since that 
 they became enemies. Tlie enmity thus origi- 
 nated: The Christianaux. ha\ ing tlie use of arms 
 before the Scioux. through the Englisli at Hud- 
 son's Bay, tliey constantly warred upon the As- 
 sinipoils, who were tlieir nearest neighbors. 
 The latter, being weak, sued for peace, and to 
 render it more lastmg, married the Cliristianaux
 
 44 
 
 EXPLOBEBS AND PIONEEBS OF MINNESOTA. 
 
 women. The other Scioux. who had not made 
 the compact, continued the wan and. seeing some 
 Christianaux with the Assinipoils. broke their 
 heads. Tlie Christianaux furnished the Assini- 
 poils with arms and merchandise. 
 
 On tlie Itith the Scioux returned to tlieir vil- 
 lage, and it was reported that the A\ avois and 
 Otoctatas were gone to establish themselves to- 
 wards the Missouri River, near the ilaha. who 
 dwell in that region. On the 26th the ^Slantan- 
 tons and Oujalespoitons arrived at the fort; and, 
 after they had encamped in the woods. Wah 
 kantape came to beg Le Sueur to go to his 
 lodge. He there found sixteen men with women 
 and children, with their faces daubed with black. 
 In the middle of the lodge were several buffalo 
 skins which were sewed for a carpet. After mo- 
 tioning him to sit down, they wept for the fourth 
 of an hour, and the chief gave him some wild 
 rice to eat (as was their custom), putting the 
 first three spoonsful to his moutli. After which. 
 he said all present were relatives of Tioscate, 
 whom Le Sueur took to Canada in 1 695. and who 
 died there in Hiiiii. 
 
 At the mention of Tioscate they began to weep 
 again, and wipe their tears and heads upon the 
 shoulders of Le Sueur. Then "Wahkantape again 
 spoke, and said that Tioscate begged him to for- 
 get the insult done to the Frenchmen by the 
 Mendeoucantons, and take pity on his brethren 
 by giving them powder and balls whereby they 
 could defend themselves, and gain a living for 
 their wives and children, who languish in a coun- 
 try full of game, because they had not the means 
 of killing them. ■■ Look." added the chief. " 15e- 
 hold thy children, thy brethren, and thy sisters; 
 it is to thee to see whether thou wishest them to 
 die. They \y\\\ live if thou givest them powder 
 and ball; they will die if thou refusest.'' 
 
 Le Sueur granted them their request, but as 
 the Scioux never answer on the spot, especially 
 in mattereof importance, and as he had to speak 
 to them about his establishment he went out of 
 the lodge without saying a word. The chief and 
 all those within followed him as far as the door 
 of the fort; and when he had gone in, they went 
 aroiuul it three times, crying with all their 
 strength," Atheouanan! ■' thatistosay, "Father. 
 have pity on us;."" [Ate unyaupi, means Our 
 Father.] 
 
 The next day. he assembled in the fort the 
 principal men of both villages; and as it is not 
 possible to subdue the Scioux or to hinder them 
 from going to war, unless it be by inducing them 
 to cultivate the earth, he said to them that if 
 they wished to render themselves worthy of the 
 protection of the king, they must abandon their 
 erring life, and form a village near his dwelling, 
 Avhere they would be shielded from the insults of 
 of their enemies: and that they might be happy 
 and not hungry, he would give them all the com 
 necessary to plant a large piece of ground; that 
 the king, their and his chief, in sending him. had 
 forbidden him to purchase beaver skins, knowing 
 that this kind of himting separates them and ex- 
 poses them to their enemies; and that in conse- 
 quence of this he had come to establish himself 
 on Blue liiver and vicinity, where they had many 
 times assured him were many kinds of beasts, 
 for the skins of which he woidd give them all 
 things necessary: that they ought to rellect that 
 they could not do without French goods, and that 
 the t)uly way not to want them was. not to go to 
 war with our allied nations. 
 
 As it is customary with the Indians to accom- 
 pany their word with a present proportioned to 
 the affair treated of. he gave them fifty pounds of 
 powder, as many balls, six guns, ten axes, twelve 
 armsfid of tobacco, and a hatchet pijie. 
 
 On the first of December, the ilantanlons in- 
 vited Le Sueur to a great feast. Of four of their 
 lodges they had made one. in which were one 
 hundred men seated around, and every one his 
 dish before him. After the meal. AValikantape, 
 the chief, made them all sun)ke. one after another, 
 in the hatchet pipe which had been given them. 
 He then made a present to Le Sueur of a slave 
 and a sack of wild rice, and said to him. showing 
 him his men: •■ Behold the remains of this great 
 village, which thou hast aforetimes seen so nu- 
 merous! All the othere have been killed in war; 
 and the few men whom thou seest in this lodge, 
 accept the present thou hast made them, and are 
 resolved to obey the great chief of all nations, of 
 whom thou hast spoken to us. Thou oughtest 
 not to regard us as Scioux, but as French, and in- 
 stead of saying the Scioux are miserable, and have 
 no mind, and are lit for nothing but to rob and 
 steal from the French, thou shalt say my breth- 
 ren are miserable and have-no mind, and we must
 
 JX IBERVILLE'S MEMOIR ON THE MISSISSIPPI TRIBES. 
 
 45 
 
 try to procure some for them. They rob us, but 
 I will take care that they do not lack iron, that is 
 to say, all kinds of goods. If thou dost this, I as- 
 sure thee that in a little time the Mantantons will 
 become Frenchmen, and they will have none of 
 those vices, with which thou reproachest us." 
 
 Having finished his speech, he covered his face 
 with his garment, and the others imitated him. 
 They wept over their companions who had died 
 in war, and chanted an adieu to their country in 
 a tone so gloomy, that one could not keep from 
 partaking of their sorrow. 
 
 Wahkantape then made them smoke again, and 
 distributed the presents, and said that he was go- 
 ing to the Mendeoucantons, to inform them of the 
 resolution, and invite them to do the same. 
 
 On the twelfth, three Mendeoucauton chiefs, 
 and a large number of Indians of the same vil- 
 lage, arrived at the fort, and the next day gave 
 satisfaction for roblung the Frenchmen. They 
 brought four hundred pounds of beaver skins, and 
 promised that the summer following, after their 
 canoes were built and they had gathered their 
 wild rice, that they would ."ome and establish 
 themselves near the French. The same day they 
 returned to their village east of the Mississippi. 
 
 NAMES or THE HANDS OF SCIOUX or THE 
 EAST, WITH THEIR SIGNIFICATION. 
 
 Mantantons— Tliat is to say. Village of the 
 Great Lake which empties into a small one. 
 
 Mendeouacantons — Village of Spirit Lake. 
 
 QuiOPETONS— Village of the Lake with one 
 River. 
 
 PsiousiANiTONS— Village of Wild Rice Gath- 
 erers. 
 
 OuADEBATONs— The River Village. 
 
 OuAETEMANETONS— Village of the Tribe who 
 dwell on the Point of the Lake. 
 
 SoNGASQUiTONs— The Brave Village, 
 
 THE SflOUX OF THE AVEST. 
 
 TouCHOTJAESiNTONS— The Village of the Pole. 
 
 PsiNCHATONS— Village of the Red Wild Rice. 
 
 OU.JALESPOITONS — Village divided into many 
 small Bands. 
 
 PsiNOUTANHiNiiiNTONS — The Great Wild 
 Rice Village. 
 
 TiNTANGAOUGHiATONS — The Grand Lodge 
 Village. 
 
 OuAEPETONS — Village of the Leaf. 
 
 OuGHETGEODATONs— Dung Village. 
 
 OuAPEONTETONS— Village of those who shoot 
 in the Large Pine. 
 
 HiNHANETONS — Village of the Red Stone 
 Quarry. 
 
 The above catalogue of villages concludes the 
 extract that La Ilarpe has made from Le Sueurs 
 journal. 
 
 In the narrative of Major Long's second expe- 
 dition, there are just as many villages of the Gens 
 du Lac, or M'dewakantonwan Scioux mentioned, 
 though the names are different. After leaving 
 the Mille Lac region, the divisions evidently were 
 different, and the villages known by new names. 
 
 Charlevoix, who visited the valley of the Lower 
 Mississippi in 1722, says that Le Sueur spent a 
 winter in his fort on the banks of the Blue Earth, 
 and that in the following April he went up to the 
 mine, about a mile above. In twenty-two days 
 they obtained more than thirty thousand pounds 
 of the substance, four thousand of wliich were se- 
 lected and sent to France. 
 
 On the tenth of February, 1702, Le Sueur came 
 back to the post on the Gulf of Mexico, and found 
 D'Iberville absent, who, however, arrived on the 
 eighteenth of the next month, with a ship from 
 France, loaded with supplies. After a few weeks, 
 the Governor of Louisiana sailed again for the 
 old country. Le Sueur being a fellow passenger. 
 
 On board of the ship. Dlberville wrote a mem- 
 orial upon the Mississippi valley, with sugges- 
 tions for carrying on commerce therein, which 
 contains many facts furnished by Le Sueur. A 
 copy of the manuscript was in possession of the 
 Historical Society of ]SIinnesota, from which are 
 the following extracts: 
 
 "If the Sioux remain in their o\vn country, 
 they are useless to us, being too distant. We 
 could have no commerce with them except that 
 of the beaver. M. Le Sueur, who goes to France 
 to give an account of this country, is the proper per- 
 son to make these movements. He estimates the 
 Sioux at four thousand families, who could settle 
 upon the Missouri. 
 
 " He has spoken to me of another which he 
 calls the Mahas, composed of more than twelve 
 hundred f amiUes. The Ayooues ( loways) and the 
 Octoctatas. their neighbors, are about three 
 hundred families. They occupy the lauds be-
 
 46 
 
 EXPLOBUMS AXn PIOyHEES OF MIXXJESOTA. 
 
 tween the Mississippi and tlie Missouri, about 
 one hundred leagues from the Illinois. These 
 savages do not know the use of arms, and a de- 
 scent might be made upon them in a river, which 
 is beyond the Wabasji on the west. * * * 
 
 " The Assinibouel, Quenistinos, and people of 
 the north, who are upon the rivers which fall into 
 the jMississiinii, and trade at Fort Xelson (Hud- 
 son Bay), are about four hundred. We could 
 prevent them from going there if we wish." 
 
 " In four or five years we can establish a com- 
 merce with these savages of sixty or eighty thou- 
 sand buffalo skins; more than one hundred deer 
 skins, which will produce, delivered in France, 
 more than two million four hundred thousand 
 livres yearly. One might obtain for a buffalo 
 skin four or five pounds of wool, which sells for 
 twenty sous, two pounds of coarse hair at ten 
 sous. 
 
 " Besides, from smaller peltries, two hundred 
 thousand livres can be made yearly." 
 
 In the third volume of the " History and Sta- 
 tistics of the Indian Tribes," prepared mrder the 
 direction of the Ct)mmissioner of Indian affairs, 
 by Jlr. Schoolcraft, a manuscript, a copy of which 
 was in possession of General Cass, is referred to as 
 containing the first enumeration of the Indians of 
 the Mississippi Valley. The following was made 
 thirty-fotir years earlier by D'Iberville: 
 
 ••The Sioux Famihes, 4,000 
 
 Mahas, 12.000 
 
 Octata and Ayoues 300 
 
 Canses [Kansas], 1,500 
 
 .Missouri, 1,500 
 
 Akansas. &<• 200 
 
 Manton [MaudanJ 100 
 
 Panis [Pawnee], 2,(Hi0 
 
 Illinois, of the great village and Cania- 
 
 roua [Tamaroa] 800 
 
 Meosigamea [iMetchigamias] 200 
 
 Kikapous and Mascoutens, .... 450 
 
 Miamis, 500 
 
 Chactas, 4,000 
 
 Chieachas, 2,000 
 
 Mobiliens and Chohomes, 350 
 
 Concaques [Conchas], 2,000 
 
 Ouma [Ilonmas], 150 
 
 Colapissa, 250 
 
 Bayogoula, 100 
 
 People of the Fork, 200 
 
 Couuica, &c. [Tonicas], . . 
 
 Xadeches 
 
 Belochy, [Biloxi] Pascoboula, 
 
 300 
 
 1,500 
 
 100 
 
 Total 23,850 
 
 •• The savage tribes located in the places I have 
 marked out, make it necessary to establish three 
 posts on the Mississippi, one at the Arkansas, 
 another at the Wabash (Ohio), and the third at 
 the Missouri. At each post it would be proper 
 to have an officer with a detachment of ten sol- 
 diers with a sergeant and corporal. All French- 
 men should be allowed to settle there with their 
 families, and trade with the Indians, and they 
 might estaY)lish tanneries for properly dressing 
 the buffalo and deer skins for transportation. 
 
 " No Frenchman shall be allowed to follow the 
 Indidni! on their hunttt. as it tends to lieep them 
 hunters, as is seen in Canada, and when they are 
 in the woods, they do not desire to become tillers 
 of the soil. ******* 
 
 •• I have said nothing in this memoir of which 
 I have not personal knowledge or the most relia- 
 ble sources. The most of what I propose is 
 founded upon personal reflection in relation to 
 what might be done for the defence and advance- 
 ment of the colony. ***** 
 * * * It will be absolutely necessary 
 that the king should define the limits of this 
 country in relation to the government of Canada. 
 It is important that the commandant of the 
 Mississippi should have a report of those who 
 inhabit the rivers that fall into the ilississippi, 
 and principally those of the river Illinois. 
 
 •■ The Canadians intimate to the savages that 
 they ought nt)t to listen to us but to the governor 
 of Canada, who always speaks to them with large 
 presents, that the governor of Mississippi is mean 
 and never sends them any thing. This is true, 
 and what I cannot do. It is imprudent to accus- 
 tom the savages to be spoken to by presents, for, 
 with so many, it would cost the king more than 
 the revenue derived from the trade. When they 
 come to us, it will be necessary to bring them in 
 subjection, make them no presents, and compel 
 them to do what we wisli. as if they were French- 
 men. 
 
 " The Spaniards have divided the Indians into 
 parties on this point, and we can do the same. 
 "RTien one nation does wrong, we can cease to
 
 PENICAVT DESCRIBES LIFE AT FORT VHVILLIER. 
 
 47 
 
 trade with them, and threaten to draw down the 
 hostility of other Indians. We rectify tlie diffi- 
 culty by having missionaries, who will bring 
 them into obedience secretly. 
 
 " The Illinois and Mascontens have detained 
 the French canoes they find upon the Mississippi, 
 saying that the governors of Canada have given 
 them permission. I do not know whether this is 
 so, but if true, it follows that we have not the 
 liberty to send any one on the Mississippi. 
 
 "M. Le Sueur would have been taken if he 
 had not been the strongest. Only one of the 
 canoes he sent to the Sioux was plundered." * * * 
 Fenicaut's accoimt varies in some particulars 
 from that of La Ilarpe's. He calls theMahkahto 
 Green River instead of ]31ue and writes: " We 
 took our route by its mouth and ascended it forty 
 leagues, when we found another river falling in- 
 to tlie Saint Pierre, which we- entered. We 
 3alled this the Green River because it is of that 
 color by reason of a green earth which loosening 
 itself from from the copper mines, becomes dis- 
 solved and makes it green. 
 
 " A league up this river, we found a point 
 of land a quarter of a league distant from the 
 woods, and it was upon this point that M. Le 
 Sueur resolved to build his fort, because we could 
 not go any higher on account of the ice, it being 
 the last day of September. Half of our people 
 went hunting whilst the others worked on the 
 fort. We killed four hundred buffaloes, which 
 were our provisions for the winter, and which we 
 placed upon scaffolds in our fort, after havmg 
 skinned and cleaned and quartered them. We 
 also made cabins in the fort, and a magazine to 
 keep our goods. After having drawn up our 
 shallop within the inclosure of the fort, we spent 
 the winter in our cabins. 
 
 " When we were working in our fort in the 
 beginning seven French traders from Canada 
 took refuge there. They had been pillaged and 
 stripped naked by the Sioux, a wandering nation 
 living only by hunting and plundering. Among 
 these seven persons there was a Canadian gen- 
 tleman of Le Sueur's acquaintance, whom he rec- 
 ognized at once, and gave him some clothes, as 
 he did also to all the rest, and whatever else was 
 necessary for them. They remained with us 
 during the entire winter at our fort, where we 
 had not food enough for all, except buffalo meat 
 
 which we had not even salt to eat with. We had 
 a good deal of trouble the first two weeks ift ac- 
 customing ourselves to it, having fever and di- 
 arrhoea and becoming so tired of it as to hate the 
 smell. But by degrees our bodies became adapt- 
 ed to it so well that at the end of six weeks there 
 was not one of us who could not eat six pounds 
 of meat a day, and drink four bowls of broth. 
 As soon as we were accustomed to this kind of 
 living it made us very fat, and then there was no 
 more sickness. 
 
 " Wlien spring arrived we went to work in the 
 copper mine. This was the beginning of April of 
 this year [1701.] We took with us twelve labor- 
 ers and four hunters. This mine was situated 
 about three-quarters of a league from our post. 
 We took from the mine in twenty days more than 
 twenty thousand pounds weight of ore, of which 
 we only selected four thousand pounds of the 
 finest, which M. Le Sueur, who was a very good 
 judge of it, had carried to the fort, and which has 
 since been sent to France, though I have not 
 learned the result. 
 
 '•This mine is situated at the beginning of a 
 very long mountain, which is upon the bank of 
 the river, so that boats can go right to the mouth 
 of the mine itself. At this place is the green 
 earth, which is a foot and a half in thickness, 
 and above it is a layer of earth as firm and 
 hard as stone, and black and burnt like coal by 
 the exhalation from the mme. The copper is 
 scratched out with a knife. There are no trees 
 upon this mountain. * * * After twenty-t\vo 
 days' work, we returned to our fort. When the 
 Sioux, who belong to the nation of savages who 
 pillaged the Canadians, came they brought us 
 merchandize of furs. 
 
 ••They had more than four hundred beaver 
 robes, each robe made of nine skins sewed to- 
 gether. M. Le Sueur purchased these and many 
 other skins which he bargamed for, in the week 
 he traded with the savages. * * * * 
 ^ye sell in return wares which come very dear to 
 the buyers, especially tobacco from Brazil, in the 
 proportion of a hundred crowns the pound; two 
 little horn-handled knives, and four leaden bul- 
 lets are equal to ten crowns in exchange for 
 skins ; and so with the rest. 
 
 " In the beginning of May, we launched our 
 shallop in the water, and loaded it vnth green
 
 48 
 
 EXPLOBEBS AND PIOXEERS OF 3IIXXES0TA. 
 
 eartli that had been taken out of the river, and 
 with the furs we had traded for. of which we had 
 three canoes full. M. Le Sueur before going 
 held council with M. D'Evaque [or Eraque] the 
 Canadian gentleman, and the three great chiefs 
 of the Sioux, three brothers, and told thepi that 
 as he had to return to the sea. he desired them 
 to live in peace with M. D'Evaque. whom he left 
 in command at Fort L'Huillier. with twelve 
 Frenchmen. ^I. Le Sueur made a considerable 
 present to the three brothers, chiefs of the sava- 
 ges, desiring them to never abandon the French. 
 Afterward we the twelve men whom he had chosen 
 to go do^Mi to the sea with him embarked. In set- 
 ting out, 'M. Tie Sueur promised to ]SI. D'Evaque 
 and the twelve Frenchmen who remained with 
 him to guard the fort, to send up munitions of 
 war from the Illinois country as soon as he should 
 arrive there ; which he did, for on getting there 
 he sent off to him a canoe loaded with two thou- 
 sand pounds of lead and powder, with three of 
 oiu" people in charge."" 
 
 Le Sueur arrived at the French fort on the 
 Gulf of Mexico in safety, and in a few weeks, in 
 the spring of 1701. sailed for France, with his 
 kinsman, D"Iber\ille. the first governor of Lou- 
 isiana. 
 
 In the spring of the next year 1 1702) D"Evaque 
 came to Mobile and reported to L>"Iber\ille. who 
 had come back from France, that he had been 
 attacked by the Foxes and Maskoutens, who killed ; 
 three Frenchmen who were working near Fort 
 L"HiuUier, and that, being out of jHiwder and 
 lead, he had been obliged to conceal the goods 
 which were left and abandon the post. At the 
 "Wisconsin River he had met Juchereau. formerly 
 criminal judge m Montreal, vrith thirty-five 
 men. on his way to establish a tannery for buffalo 
 skins at the Wabash, and that at the Illinois he 
 met the canoe of suppUes sent 1\\' BienviUe. 
 D"Iber\'ille"s brother. 
 
 La !Motte Cadillac, in command at Detroit, in 
 a letter ^■ritten on August 31st, 1708. alludes to 
 Le Sueur"s expedition in these words: •• Last 
 year they sent Mr. Boudor, a Montreal merchant, 
 into the countri.- of the Sioux to join Le Su- 
 eur, lie succeeded so well in that journey he 
 transported thither twenty-five or thirty thous- 
 and pounds of merchandize ■with which to trade 
 in all the country of the Outawas. This proved 
 
 to him an unfortunate investment, as he has 
 lieen robbed of a part of the goods by the Outa- 
 gamies. The occasion of the robbery by one of 
 our own allies was as follows. 1 speak with a 
 full knowledge of the facts as they occurred while 
 I was at ilichillimackianc. From time immemo- 
 rial our allies have been at ^ ar with the Siou.x, 
 and on my arrival there in conformity to the or- 
 der of M. Frontenac, the most able man who has 
 ever come into Canada. I attempted to negotiate 
 a truce between the Sioux and all our allies. 
 Succeeding in this negotiation I took the occa- 
 sion to turn their arms against the Iroquois with 
 whom we were then at war. and soon after I ef- 
 fected a treaty of peace between the Siou.\ and 
 the French and their allies which lasted two years. 
 
 "At the end of tha time the Sioux came, in 
 great numbers, to the villages of the Miamis. tra- 
 der pretense of ratifying the treaty. They were 
 well received by the Jiliamis, and, after spending 
 several days in their villages, departed, apparent- 
 ly perfectly satisfied with their good reception, as 
 they certainly had every reason to be. 
 
 " The Miamis, believing them already far dis- 
 tant, slept quietly; but the SioiLX. who had pre- 
 meditated the attack, rettu-ned the same night to 
 the principal Nillage of the Miamis. where most 
 of the tribe were congregated, and, taking them 
 liy surprise, slaughtered nearly three thousand( ?) 
 and put the rest to flight.. 
 
 •• This perfectly infuriated all tne nations. 
 The.N' came \nth their complaints, begging me to 
 join with them and exterminate the Sioux. But 
 the war we then had on our hands did not permit 
 it. so it became necessary to play the orator in a 
 long harangue. In conclusion I advised them to 
 ' weep their dead, and wrap them up. and leave 
 them to sleep coldly till the day of vengeance 
 should come;" telling them we must sweep the 
 land on this side of the Iroquois, as it was neces- 
 sary to exttngtiish even their memory, after which 
 the allied tribes cotdd more easily avenge the 
 atrocious deed that the Sioux had just committed 
 upon them. In short, I managed them so well 
 that the affair was settled in the manner that I 
 proposed. 
 
 ■• But the twentN-five permits still existed, and 
 the cupidity of the French induced them to go 
 among the SioiLX to trade for beaver. Our allies 
 complained bitterly of this, sajing it was injust-
 
 TRADE FORBIDDEN WITH THE SIOUX. 
 
 49 
 
 ice to them, as they had taken up arms in our 
 quarrel against the Iroquois, while the French 
 traders were carrying munitions of war to the 
 Sioux to enaljle them to kill the rest of our allies 
 as they had the Miamis. 
 
 " I immediately informed M. Frontenac, and M. 
 Champigny having read the communication, and 
 commanded that an ordinance be publ ished at Mon- 
 treal forbidding the traders to go into the country 
 of the Sioux for the purpose of tratBc under penalty 
 of a thousand francs tine, the confiscation of the 
 goods, and other arbitrary penalties. The ordi- 
 nance was sent to me and faithfully executed. 
 The same year [1699] I descended to Quebec, 
 having asked to be relieved. Since that time, in 
 spite of this prohibition, the French have con- 
 tinued to trade with the Sioux, but not without 
 being subject to affronts and indignities from our 
 allies themselves which brhig dishonor on the 
 French name. * * * I do not consider it best 
 any longer to allow the traders to carry on com- 
 merce with the Sioux, under any pretext what- 
 
 ever, especially as M. Boudor has just been 
 robbed by the Fox nation, and M. Jucheraux has 
 given a thousand crowns, in goods, for the right 
 of passage througli the country of the allies tci 
 his habitation. 
 
 " The alUes say that Le Sueur has gone to the 
 Sioux on the Mississippi; that they are resolved 
 to oppose him, and if he offers any resistance they 
 will not be answerable for the consequences. 
 It would be well, therefore, to give Le Sueur 
 warning by the Governor of Mississippi. 
 
 " The Sauteurs [Chippeways] being friendly 
 with the Sioux wished to give passage through 
 their country to M. Boudor and others, permit- 
 ting them to carry arms and other munitions of 
 war to this nation; but the other nations being 
 opposed to it, differences have arisen between 
 them which have resulted in the robbery of M. 
 Boudor. Tills has given occasion to the Sau- 
 teurs to make an outbreak upon the Sacs and 
 Foxes, killing thirty or forty of tliem. So there 
 is war among the people."
 
 50 
 
 EXPLOBESS AND PIOXEEBS OF JIIXXESOTA. 
 
 CHAPTER Yin. 
 
 EVEJTTS "WHICH LED TO BtTILDIKG FORT BEAUHARXOIS OX LAKE PEPIN. 
 
 Be-Establishment of Mackinaw. — Sienr de Louvipny at Mackinaw.— De Lignery 
 at Mackinaw. — Louvigny Attacks »he Foxes. — Du LutK's Post Reoccupied. — 
 Saint Pierre at La Pointe on Lake Superior. — Pre|urations for a Jesuit Mission 
 am3n5 the Sion.x.— U-* Perriere Boucher's E.\pedition to Lake Pepin.— De 
 Conor and Guiguas. Jesuit Missionaries. — Visit to Foxes and Winnebagoes. — 
 Wisconsin River Described. — Fort Beauharnois Built.— Fireworks Displayed. — 
 High Water at Lake Pepin.— De Conor Visits Mackinaw.— Boucher^ille, Mont- 
 brun and Guiguas Captured by Indians. — Montbrun's Escape. — Boucherville's 
 Presents to Indians —Exaggerated Account of Father Guiguas" Capture. — Iris- 
 patches Concerning Fort Beauharnois. — Sieur de la Jeiueraye. — Saint Pierre at 
 Fort Beauharnois. — Trouble t>et\veen Sioux and Foxes — Sioux Visit Quebec. — 
 De Lusignan Visits the Sioux Oiuntry. — Saint Pierre Noticed in the Travels 
 of Jonathan Can-er and Lieutenant Pike. 
 
 After the Fox Indians drove away Le Sueur's 
 men, in ITOi, from the ilakahto, or Blue Earth 
 river, the merchants of Montreal and Quebec did 
 not encourage trade with the tribes beyond Mack- 
 inaw. 
 
 DAigreult, a French oflBcer. sent to inspect 
 that post, in the summer of 1708, reported that 
 he aiTived there, on the 19th of August, and 
 found there but fourteen or fifteen Frenclmieu. 
 He also wrote: '• Since there are now only a few 
 wanderei-s at Michilimackinack, the greater part 
 of the furs of the savages of the north goes to the 
 English trading posts on Hudson's Bay. The 
 Outawas are unable to make this trade by them- 
 selves, because the northern savages are timid, 
 and ^^"ill not come near them, as they have often 
 been plundered. It is, therefore, necessary that 
 the French be allowed to seek these northern 
 tribes at the mouth of their own river, which 
 empties into Lake Superior." 
 
 Louis de la Porte, the Sieur De Louvigny, in 
 1690, accompanied by Nicholas Perrot, with a de- 
 tachment of one liundred and seventy Canadians 
 and Indians, came to Mackinaw, aud until 1694 
 "was in command, when he was recalled. 
 
 In 1712, Father Joseph J. Marest the Jesuit 
 missionary wrote, ''If this country ever needs 
 M. Louvigny it is now^ ; the savages say it is ab- 
 solutely necessary that he sliould come for the 
 safety of the country, to unite the tribes and to 
 defend those whom the war has caused to return 
 to Michilimacinac. ****** 
 
 I do not know what course the Potta"watomies 
 will take, nor even what course they will pursue 
 who are here, if ^l. Louvigny does not come, es- 
 pecially if the Foxes were to attack them or us." 
 
 The next July, il. Lignerj- urged upon the au- 
 thorities the establishment of a garrison of trained 
 soldiers at Mackinaw, and the Intendant of Can- 
 ada ^vrote to the King of France : 
 
 " MichiUmackinac might be re-established, 
 ■without expense to his Majesty, either by sur- 
 rendering the trade of the post to such individu- 
 als as will obligate themselves to pay all the ex- 
 penses of twenty-two solcaers and two officers; to 
 furnish munitions of war for the defense of the 
 fort, and to make presents to the savages. 
 
 " Or the expenses of the post might be paid by 
 the sale of permits, if the King should not think 
 proper to grant an exclusive commerce. It is ab- 
 solutely necessary to know the -wishes of the King 
 concerning these two propositions : and as M. 
 Lignery is at Michilimackmac. it will not be any 
 greater injury to the colony to defer the re-estab- 
 ment of this post, than it has been for eight or 
 ten years past."' 
 
 The war with England ensued, and in April, 
 1713, the treaty of I'trecht was ratified. France 
 had now more leisiu'e to attend to the Indian 
 tribes of the AA'est. 
 
 Early in 1714, Mackinaw was re-occupied, and 
 on the fourteenth of March. 1716. an expedition 
 under Lieutenant Louvigny, left Quebec. His 
 arrival at Mackinaw, where he had been long ex- 
 pected, gave confidence to the voyageurs, and 
 friendly Indians, and with a force of eight hun- 
 dred men, he proceeded against the Foxes in 
 ■\Visconsin. He brought with him two pieces of 
 cannon and a grenade mortar, and besieged the 
 fort of the Foxes, which he stated contained five 
 hundred w"arriors, and three thousand men, a 
 declaration which can scarcely be credited. After
 
 DESIBE FOB A N0B2HERN BOVTE 10 THE PACIFIC. 
 
 51 
 
 three days of skirmishing, he prepared to mine 
 the fort, when the Foxes capitulated. 
 
 The paddles of the birch bark canoes and the 
 gay songs of the voyageurs now began to be heard 
 once more on the waters of Lake Superior and its 
 tributaries. In 1717, the post erected by Du 
 Luth, on Lake Superior near the northern boun- 
 dary of Minnesota, was re-occupied by Lt. Ro- 
 bertel de la Xoue. 
 
 In view of the trouljles among the tribes of the 
 northwest, in the month of September, 1718, Cap- 
 tain St. Pierre, who had great influence with the 
 Indians of Wisconsin and Minnesota, was sent 
 with Ensign Linctot and some soldiers to re-oc- 
 cupy La Pointe on Lake Superior, now Bayfield, 
 in the northwestern part of Wisconsin. The 
 chiefs of the band there, and at Keweenaw, 
 had threatened war against the Foxes, who had 
 killed some of their number. 
 
 When the Jesuit Charlevoix returned to France 
 after an examination of the resources of Canada 
 and Louisiana, he urged that an attempt should 
 be made to reach the Pacific Ocean by an inland 
 route, and suggested that an expedition sliould 
 proceed from the mouth of the -Missouri and fol- 
 low that stream, or that a post should be estab- 
 lished among the Sioux which should be the point 
 of departure. The latter was accepted, and in 
 1722 an allowance was made by the French Gov- 
 ernment, of twelve hundred livres, for two Jes- 
 uit missionaries to accompany those who should 
 establish the new post. D'Avagour, Superin- 
 tendent of Missions, in May, 1723, requested the 
 authorities to grant a separate canoe for the con- 
 veyance of the goods of the proposed mission, 
 and as it was necessary to send a commandant 
 to persuade the Indians to receive the mission- 
 aries, he recommended Sieur Pachot, an officer of 
 experience. 
 
 A dispatch from Canada to the French govern- 
 ment, dated October 14, 1723, announced that 
 Father de la Chasse, Superior of the Jesuits, ex- 
 pected that, the next spring. Father Guymoneau, 
 and another missionary from Paris, would go to 
 the Sioux, but that they had been hindered by tlie 
 Sioux a few months before killing seven French- 
 men, on their way to Louisiana. The aged 
 Jesuit, Joseph J. Marest, who had been on Lake 
 Pepin in J 689 with Perrot, and was now in ilon- 
 treal, said that it was the wandering Sioux who 
 
 had killed the French, but he thought the sta- 
 tionary Sioux would receive Christian instruction. 
 The hostility of the Foxes had also prevented 
 the establishment of a fort and mission among the 
 Sioux. 
 
 On the seventh of June, 172G, peace was con- 
 cluded by De Lignery with the Sauks, Foxes, and 
 Winnebagoes at Green Bay; and Linctot, who 
 had succeeded Saint Pierre in command at La 
 Pointe, was ordered, by presents and the promise 
 of a missionary, to endeavor to detach the Dah- 
 kotahs from their alliance with tlie Foxes. At 
 this time Linctot made arrangements for peace 
 between the Ojibways and Dahkotas, and sent 
 two Frenchmen to dwell in the villages of the 
 latter, with a promise that, if they ceased to fight 
 the Ojibways, they should have regular trade, 
 and a "black robe" reside in their country. 
 
 Traders and missionaries now began to prepare 
 forvisithig the Sioux, and in the spring of 1727 
 the Governor of Canada wrote that the fathers, 
 appointed for the Sioux mission, desired a case of 
 mathematical instruments, a universal astro- 
 nomic dial, a spirit level, chain and stakes, and a 
 telescope of six or seven feet tube. 
 
 On the sixteenth of June, 1727, the expedition 
 for the Sioux country left ^Montreal in charge of 
 the Sieur de la Perriere who was son of the dis- 
 tinguished and respected Canadian, PieiTe Bou- 
 cher, the Governor of Three Rivers. 
 
 La Perriere had served in Newfoundland and 
 been associated with Ilertel de Rouville in raids 
 into New England, and gained an unenviable no- 
 toriety as the leader of the savages, while Rou- 
 ville led the French in attacks upon towns like 
 Haverhill, Massachusetts, where the Indians ex- 
 ultingly killed the Puritan pastor, scalped his 
 loving wife, and dashed out his infant's brains 
 against a rock. He was accompanied by his 
 brother and other relatives. Two Jesuit fathers, 
 De Goiior and Pierre Michel Guignas, were also 
 of the party. 
 
 In Shea's " Early French Voyages" there was 
 printed, for the first time, a letter from Father 
 Guignas, from the Brevoort manuscripts, written 
 on May 29, 1728, at Fort Beauharnois, on Lake 
 Pepin, which contains facts of much interest. 
 
 He writes: '• The Scioux convoy left tlie end 
 of Montreal Island on the 16th of the month of 
 June last year, at 11 a. m., and reached Michili-
 
 EXPLOBERS AND PIOXEEBS OF 2riXNE;<iOTA. 
 
 mackinac tlie '22d of the mnnlh of July. This 
 post is two Imndred aud fifty-one leagues from 
 Montreal, almost due west, at 45 degrees 46 min- 
 utes north latitude. 
 
 '• We spent the rest of the month at this post, 
 in the hope of recei\Tng from day to day some 
 news from Montreal, and in the design of 
 strengthening ourselves against the alleged ex- 
 treme difficulties of getting a free passage through 
 the Foxes. At last, seeing nothing, we set out 
 on our march, the first of the month of August, 
 and. after seventy-three leagues quite pleasant 
 sail along the northerly side of Lake Michigan, 
 running to the southeast, we reached the Bay 
 [Green] on the 8th of the same month, at 5:30 p. 
 31. This post is at 44 degrees 43 minutes north 
 latitude. 
 
 '• We stopped there two days, and on the 11th 
 in the morning, we embarked, in a very great 
 impatience to reach the Foxes. On the third day 
 after our departure from the bay. quite late in 
 the afternoon, in fact somewhat in the night, the 
 chiefs of the Puans [AVinnebagoes] came out three 
 leagues from their tillage to meet the French, 
 with their peace calumets and some bear meat as 
 a refreshment, and the next day we were received 
 by that small nation, amid several discharges of 
 a few guns, and with great demonstrations. 
 
 " They asked us with so good a grace to do 
 them the honor to stay some time with them that 
 we granted them the rest of the day from noon, 
 and the following day. There may be in all the 
 village, sixty to eighty men. but all the men and 
 women of very tall stature, and well made. They 
 are on the bank of a very pretty little lake, in a 
 most agreeable spot for its situation and the 
 goodness of the soil, nineteen leagues from the 
 bay and eight leagues from the Foxes. 
 
 '• Early the next morning, the 15th of the month 
 of August, the convoy preferred to continue its 
 route, with quite pleasant weather, but a storm 
 coming on in the afternoon, we arrived quite wet, 
 still in the rain, at the cabins of the Foxes, a nation 
 so much dreaded, and really so little to be dreaded. 
 From all that we could see, it is composed of 
 two hundred men at most, but there is a perfect 
 hive of cliiUlren. especially boys from ten to 
 fourteen years old, well formed. 
 
 '• They are cabined on a little eminence on the 
 bank of a small river that bears their name, ex- 
 
 tremely tortuous or winding, so that you are con- 
 stantly boxing the compass. Yet it is apparently 
 quite wide, with a chain of hills on both sides, 
 but there is only one miserable little channel 
 amid this extent of apparent bed, which is a kind 
 of marsh full of rushes and wild rice of almost 
 impenetrable thickness. They have nothing but 
 mere bark cabins, without any kind of palisade or 
 other fortification. As soon as the French ca- 
 noes touched their shore they ran down with 
 their peace calumets, lighted in spite of the rain, 
 and all smoked. 
 
 '■ We stayed among them the rest of this day, 
 and all the next, to know what were their designs 
 and ideas as to the French post among the Sioux. 
 The Sieur Keaume, inten^reter of Indian lan- 
 guages at the Bay, acted efficiently there, and 
 with devotion to the King's service. Even if my 
 testimony. Sir. should be deemed not impartial. I 
 must have the honor to tell you that Rev. Father 
 Chardon. an old missionary, was of very great as- 
 sistance there, and the presence of three mission- 
 aries reassured tliese cut-throats and assassins of 
 the Frencli more than all the speeches of the best 
 orators could have done. 
 
 " A general council was convened in one of the 
 cabins, they were addressed in decided friendly 
 terms, and they replied in the same way. A 
 small present was made to them. On their side 
 they gave some quite handsome dishes, lined with 
 dry meat. 
 
 On the following Sunday, 17th of the month 
 of August, very early in the morning. Father 
 Chardon set out, with Sieur Reaume, to return 
 to the Bay, and the Sioux expedition, greatly re- 
 joiced to have so easily got over this difficulty, 
 which had everywhere been represented as so in- 
 surmountable, got under way to endeavor to 
 reach its journey's end. 
 
 '• Never was navigation more tedious than 
 what we subsequently made from uncertainty as 
 to our course. Ko one knew it, and we got 
 astray every moment on water and on land for 
 want iif a guide and pilots. We kept on, as it 
 were feeUng our way for eight days, for it was 
 only on tlie ninth, about three o'clock p. m.. that 
 we arrived, by accident. belie\ing ourselves still 
 far off, at the portage of the Ouisconsin, which is 
 forty-five leagues from the Foxes, counting all 
 the twists and turns of this abominable river.
 
 SITUATION AND DESCBIPTION OF FORT BEAUHARNOIS. 
 
 53 
 
 This portage is half a league in length, and half 
 of that is a kind of marsh full of mud, 
 
 " The Ouisconsin is quite a handsome river, 
 but far below what we had been told, apparently, 
 as those who ga\'e the description of it in Canada 
 saw it only in the liigli waters of spring. It is a 
 shallow river on a bed of quicksand, which forms 
 bars almost everywhere, and these often change 
 place. Its shores are either steep, bare uioiuitains 
 or low points with sandy base. Its course is from 
 northeast to southwest. From the portage to its 
 mouth in the Mississippi. I estimated thirty-eight 
 leagues. The portage is at 43 deg. 24 min. north 
 latitude. 
 
 " The Mississippi from the mouth of the Ouis- 
 consin ascending, goes northwest. Tliis beauti- 
 ful river extends between two chains of high, 
 bare and very sterile mountains, constantly a 
 league, three-quarters of a league, or where it is 
 narrowest, half a league apart. Its centre is oc- 
 cupied by a chain of well wooded islands, so that 
 regarding from the heights above, you would 
 think you saw an endless valley watered on the 
 right and left by two large rivers ; sometimes, too, 
 you could discern no river. These islands are 
 overflowed every year, and would be adapted to 
 raising rice. Fifty-eight leagues from the mouth 
 of the Ouisconsin, according to my calculation, 
 ascending the ^Mississippi, is Lake Pepin, wliicli 
 is nothing else but the river itself, destitute of 
 islands at that point, where it may be half a 
 league wide. This river, in what I traversed of 
 it, is shallow, and has slioals in several places, be- 
 cause its Ijed is moving sands, like that of the 
 Ouisconsin. 
 
 "On the 17th of Sei)tember, 1727, at noon, we 
 reached this lake, ■which had been chosen as the 
 bourne of our voyage. 'We planted ourselves on 
 the shore about the middle of the north side, on 
 a low point, where the soil is excellent. The 
 wood is very dense there, but is already thinned 
 in consequence of the rigor and length of the 
 winter, which has been severe for the chmate, 
 for we are here on the parallel of 43 deg. 41 inin. 
 It is true that the difference of the winter is 
 great compared to that of Quebec and Montreal, 
 for all that some poor judges say. 
 
 " From the day after our landing we put our 
 axes to the wood: on the fourth day following 
 the fort was entirely finished. It is a square plat 
 
 of one hundred feet, surrounded by pickets twelve 
 feet long, with two good bastions. For so small 
 a space there are large buildings quite distinct and 
 not huildled together, each thirty, thirty-eight 
 and twenty-flve feet long by sixteen feet wide. 
 
 " All would go well there if the spot were not 
 inundated, but this year [1728], on the l-5th of 
 the month of April, we were obliged to camp out, 
 and the water ascended to the height of two feet 
 and eight inches in the houses, and it is idle to 
 say that it was the quantity of snow tliat fell 
 this year. The snow in the vicinity had melted 
 long before, and there was only a foot and a half 
 from the 8th of February to the 1.5th of March; 
 you could not use snow-shoes. 
 
 " I have great reason to think that this spot is 
 inundated more or less every year; I have always 
 thought so, but they were not obliged to believe 
 me, as old people who said that they had lived in 
 this region fifteen or twenty years declared that 
 it was never overtlowed. "We could not enter 
 our much-devastated houses until the 30th of 
 April, and the disorder is even now scarcely re- 
 paired. 
 
 " Before the end of October [1 727] all the houses 
 were finished and furnished, and each one found 
 himself tranquilly lodged at home. They then 
 thought only of going out to explore the hills and 
 rivers and to .see those herds of all kinds of deer 
 of which they tell such stories in Canada. They 
 must have retired, or diminished greatly, since 
 the time the old voyuyrui-it left the country; they 
 are no longer in such great numbers, and are 
 killed with difficulty. 
 
 " After beating llie field, for some time, all re- 
 assembled at the fort, and tliouglit of enjoying a 
 little the fruit of their labors. ( )u the 4th of Xo- 
 vember we did not forget it was the tieneral's 
 birthday. Mass was said for him [Beaidiarnois, 
 Governor-(ieneral of Canada] in the morning, 
 and they were well disposed to celebrate the day 
 in the evening, but the tardiness of the pyro- 
 technists and the iucoiislauey of the weather 
 caused them to postjione the celebration to the 
 14th of the same month, when they set off some 
 very line rockets and made the air ring with an 
 hundred shouts of Viw le lioij! and Vln Charles 
 de Bcauhnrnois! It was on this occasion that the 
 wine of the Sioux was broached; it was par ex-
 
 54 
 
 EXPLOBEBS AXB PIOXEEBS OF MIXXESOTA. 
 
 cellence. although there are no -n-ines here finer 
 than in Canada. 
 
 •' "What contributed much to the amusement, 
 was the terror of some cabins of Indians, who 
 were at the time around the fort. "When tliese 
 poor people saw the fireworks in the air. and the 
 stars fall from heaven, the women and children 
 began to take flight, and the most courageous of 
 the men to cry mercy, and implore us very earn- 
 estly to stop the surprising play of that wonder- 
 ful medicme. 
 
 '• As soon as we arrived among them, they as- 
 sembled, in a few dayn, around the French fort to 
 the number of ninety-five cabins, which might 
 make in all one hundred and fifty men; for there 
 are at most two men in their portable cabuis of 
 dressed skins, and in many there is only one. 
 This is all we have seen except a band of about 
 sixty men. who came on the 26th of the month of 
 February-, who were of those nations called Sioux 
 of the Prairies. 
 
 " At the end of iN'ovember, the Indians set out 
 for their winter quartei-s. They do not. indeed, 
 go far, and we saw some of them all through the 
 winter; but from the second of the month of 
 April last, when some cabins repassed here to go 
 in search of them, pie] sought them in vain, du- 
 ring a week, for more than sixty leagues of the 
 Mississippi. lie [La Perriere V] arrived yesterday 
 without any tidings of them. 
 
 " Although I said above, that the Sioux were 
 alarmed at the rockets, which they took for new 
 phenomena, it must not be supposed from that 
 they were less intelligent than other Indians we 
 know. They seem to me more so ; at least they 
 are much gayer and open, apparently, and far 
 more dextrous thieves, great dancei-s. and great 
 medicine men. The men are almost all large and 
 well made, but the women are very ugly and dis- 
 gusting, which does not. however, check debauch- 
 ery among them, and is perhaps an effect of it." 
 
 In the summer of 1728 the Jesuit De Gonor 
 left the fort on Lake Pepm. and. by way of Mack- 
 inaw, returned to Canada. The Foxes had now 
 become very troublesome, and De Liguery and 
 Beaujeu marched against their stronghold, to find 
 they had retreated to the Mississippi Eiver. 
 
 On the 12th of October. Boucherville. his bro- 
 ther Montbrun, a young cadet of enterprising 
 spirit, the Jesuit Guignas, and other Frenchmen, 
 
 eleven in all. left Fort Pepin to go to Canada, by 
 way of the Illinois Kiver. They were captured 
 by the Mascoutens and Kickapoos. and detained 
 at the river " Au Boeuf." wliich stream was prob- 
 ably the one mentioned by Le Sueur as twenty- 
 two leagues above the Illinois Kiver. although the 
 same name was g'ven by Hennepin to the Cliip- 
 pewa Eiver. just below Lake Pepin. They were 
 held as prisoners, with the view of delivering 
 them to the Foxes. The night before the deliv- 
 er}' the Sieur Montbrun and his brother and an- 
 other Frenchman escaped. Montbrun. leaving 
 liis sick brother in the Illinois country, joumejed 
 to Canada and informed the authorities. 
 
 Boucher\ille and Guignas remained prisoners 
 for several months, and the former did not reach 
 Detroit until June, 1729, The account of expen- 
 ditures made during his captivity is interesting as 
 showing the value of merchandize at that time. 
 It reads as foUows: 
 
 " Memorandum of the goods that Monsieur de 
 Bouchenille was obliged to furnish in the ser- 
 vice of the King, from the time of his detention 
 among the Kickapoos. on the 12th of October, 
 1728, imtU his return to Detroit, in the year 1729, 
 in the month of June. On arriving at the Kick- 
 apoo village, he made a present to the yoimg men 
 to secure their opposition to some evil minded 
 old warriors — 
 Two barrels of powder, each fifty pounds 
 
 at Montreal price, valued at the sum of 150 liv. 
 One hunilred poimds of lead and balls 
 
 making the sum of 50 liv. 
 
 Four pomids of vermillion, at 12 francs 
 
 the pound 48 
 
 fr. 
 fr. 
 fr. 
 
 Four coats, braided, at twenty francs. . . 80 
 Six dozen knives at four francs the dozen 24 
 Four hundred flints, one hundred gun- 
 worms, two himdred ramrods and one 
 hundred and fifty files, the total at the 
 
 maker's prices 90 liv. 
 
 After the Kickapoos refused to deliver them to 
 the Eenards [Foxes] they wished some favors, and 
 I was obliged to give them the following which 
 would allow them to weep over and cover their 
 dead: 
 
 Two braided coats @ 20 fr. each 40fr. 
 
 Two woolen blankets (n 15 fr 30 
 
 One hundred pounds of powder @ 30 sous 75 
 One hundred poimds of lead @ 10 sous . . 25
 
 BOUCUEBVILLE'S PBESENTS WHILE IN CAPTIVITY. 
 
 65 
 
 Two pounds of vermillion @ 12 fr 24fr. 
 
 Moreover, given to the Renaids to cover 
 their dead and prepare them for peace, 
 
 fifty pounds of powder, making 75 
 
 One hundred pounds of lead @ 10 sous. 50 
 
 Two pounds of vermillion (oi 12 fr 21 
 
 During the winter a considerable party was 
 sent to strike hands with the Illinois. Given at 
 that time : 
 
 Two blue blankets @ 15 fr 30 
 
 Four men's sliirts @ 6 f r 24 
 
 Four pairs of long-necked bottles (a) 6 fr 24 
 
 Four dozen of knives (o) 4 f r 16 
 
 Gun-worms, files, ramrods, and flints, es- 
 timated 40 
 
 Given to engage tlie Kickai)oos to establish 
 themselves upon a neigliboring isle, to protect 
 from the treachery of the Eenards — 
 
 Four blankets, @ 15f 60f 
 
 Two pairs of bottles, 6f 24 
 
 Two pounds of vermillion, 12f 24 
 
 Four dozen butclier knives, 6f 24 
 
 Two woolen blankets, @ 15f 30 
 
 Four pairs of bottles, @ 6f 24 
 
 Four shirts, (a) 6f 24 
 
 Four dozen of knives, @ 4f 16 
 
 The Renards having betrayed and killed their 
 brothers, the Kickapoos, I seized the favorable 
 opportunity, and to encourage the latter to avenge 
 themselves, I gave — 
 Twenty-five poundsof powder, @ SOsous 37f.l0s. 
 
 Twenty-five pounds of lead, @ 10s I2f.lOs. 
 
 Two guns at 30 livres each 60f 
 
 One half pound of vermillion 6f 
 
 Flints, guns, worms and knives 20f 
 
 Tlie Illinois coming to the Kikapoos vil- 
 lage, I supported them at my expense, 
 and gave them powder, balls and shirts 
 
 valued at oOf 
 
 In departing from the Kikapoos village, I 
 gave them the rest of the goods for 
 their good treatment, estimated at. . . . 80f 
 In a letter, written by a priest, at New Orleans, 
 on July 12, 1730, is the following e.xaggerated ac- 
 count of the capture of Father Guignas: " We 
 always felt a distrust uf the Fox Indians, althougli 
 they did not longer dare to undertake anything, 
 since Father Guignas has detached from their al- 
 liance the tribes of the Kikapous and Maskoutins. 
 You know, my Reverend Father, that, being in 
 
 Canada, he had the courage to penetrate even to 
 the Sioux near the sources of the JMississippi, at 
 the distance of eight hundred leagues from New 
 Orleans and five hundred from Quebec. Obliged 
 to abandon this import.'uit mission by the unfor- 
 tunate result of the enterprise against the Foxes, 
 he descended the river to repair to tlie Illinois. 
 On the 15th of October in the year 1728 he was 
 arrested when half way liy the Kickapous and 
 Maskoutins. For four months he was a captive 
 among the Indians, where he had much to suffer 
 and everything to fear. The time at last came 
 wlien he was to be Ijiuiied alive, when he was 
 adopted by an old man whose family saved his 
 life and procured his liberty. 
 
 " Our missionaries who are among the Illinois 
 were no sooner acquainted with the situation 
 than they procured him all the alleviation they 
 were able. Everything wliich he received lie em- 
 ployed to conciliate the Indians, and succeeded 
 to the extent of engaging them to conduct him to 
 the Illinois to make peace with the French and 
 Indians of this region. Seven or eight months 
 after this peace was concluded, the JIaskoutins 
 and Kikapous returned again to the Illinois coun- 
 try, and took back Father Guignas to spend the 
 winter, from whence, in all probability, he will 
 return to Canada.'' 
 
 In dispatches sent to France, in Octolier, 1729, 
 by the Canadian government, the following refer- 
 ence is made to Fort Beauhaniois : ■■ They agree 
 that the fort built among the Scioux, on the bor- 
 der of Lake Pepin, appears to be badly situated 
 on account of the freshets, but the Indians assure 
 that the waters rose higher in 1728 than it ever 
 did before. AVheu Sieur de Laperriere located it 
 at that place it was on the assurance of the In- 
 dians that the waters did not rise so high." In 
 reference to the absence of Indians, is the fol- 
 lovraig: 
 
 " It is very true that these Indians did leave 
 shortly after on a liuiiting excursion, as they are 
 in tlie habit of doing, for their own support and 
 that of their families, who have only that means 
 of livelihood, as they do not cultivate the soil at 
 all. M. de Beauhaniois has just been informed 
 that their absence was occasioned only by having 
 fallen in while hunting with a number of prairie 
 Scioux, by wliom they were invited to oecompany 
 them on a war expedition against the Mahas,
 
 66 
 
 EXPLURERU AND PIOXEER^i OF MINNEtiOTA. 
 
 whicli invitation tliey accepted, and returned 
 only in tlie month of July following. 
 
 "The interests of rehgion. of the service, and 
 of the colony, are involved in the maintenance of 
 this establishment, which has been the more nec- 
 essary as there is no doubt but the Foxes, when 
 routed, would have found an asylum among the 
 Scioux had not the French been settled there, 
 and the docility and submission manifested by 
 the Foxes can not be attributed to any cause ex- 
 cept the attention entertained by the Scioux for 
 the French, and the offers which the former 
 made the latter, of which the Foxes were fully 
 cognisant. 
 
 " It is necessary to retain the Scioux in these 
 favorable dispositions, in order to keep the Foxes 
 in check and counteract the measures they might 
 adopt to gain over the Scioux, who will invaria- 
 bly reject their propositions so long as the French 
 remain in the country, and their trading post 
 shall continue there. But. despite all these ad- 
 vantages and the importance of preserving that 
 establislmient, M. de Beauhamois cannot take 
 any steps mitil he has news of the Freucli who 
 asked his permission this summer to go up there 
 •with a canoe load of goods, and until assured that 
 those who wintered there have not dismantled 
 the fort, and that the Scioux continue in the same 
 sentiments. Besides, it does not seem very easy, 
 in the present conjuncture, to maintain that post 
 unless there is a soUd peace with the Foxes; on 
 the other hand, the greatest portion of the tra- 
 ders, who applied in 1727 for the estabUshment 
 of that post, have withdrawn, and will not send 
 thither any more, as the ruptiue with the Foxes, 
 through whose country it is necessary to pass in 
 order to reach the Scioux in canoe, has led them 
 to abandon the idea. But the one and the other 
 case might be remedied. The Foxes will, in all 
 probability, come or send next year to sue for 
 peace; therefore, if it be granted to them on ad- 
 vantageous conditions, there need be no appre- 
 hension when going to the Sioux, and another 
 company could be formed, less numerous than 
 the first, through whom, or some responsible mer- 
 chants able to afford the outfit, a new treaty 
 could be made, whereby these difficulties would 
 be soon obviated. One only trouble remains, and 
 that is. to send a commanding and sub-officer, 
 and some soldiers, up there, which are absolutely 
 
 necessary for the maintenance of good order at 
 that post; the missionaries would not go there 
 without a commandant. This article, which re- 
 gards the service, and the expense of which must 
 be on his majesty's account, obliges them to ap- 
 ply for orders. They will, as far as lies in their 
 power, induce the traders to meet that expense, 
 which will possibly amomit to 1000 livres or 
 1500 li^Tes a year for the commandant, and in 
 proportion for the officer under him; but, as m 
 the beginning of an establishment the expenses 
 exceed the profits, it is improbable that any com- 
 pany of merchants will assume the outlay, and 
 in this case they demand orders on this point, as 
 well as his majesty's opuiion as to the necessity 
 of presersing so useful a post, and a nation which 
 has already afforded proofs of its fideUty and at- 
 tachment. 
 
 '■ These orders could be sent them by the way 
 of He Royale, or by the first merchantmen that 
 will sail for Quebec. The time required to re- 
 ceive intelligence of the occurrences in the Scioux 
 country, will admit of their waiting for these 
 onlers before doing anything." 
 
 Sieur de la Jemeraye. a relative of Sieiu- de la 
 Perriere Boucher, with a few French, during the 
 troubles remained m the Sioux country. After 
 peace was established with the Foxes. Legardeur 
 Saint Pierre was in command at Fort Beauhar- 
 nois, and Father Guiguas again attempted to es- 
 tabUsh a Sioux mission. In a communication 
 dated 12th of October. 1736, by the Canadian au- 
 thorities is the followmg: "In regard to the 
 Scioux, Saint Pierre, who commanded at that 
 post, and Father Guignas. the missionary, have 
 written to Sieur de Beauhamois on the tenth and 
 eleventh of last April, that these Indians ap- 
 peared well intentioned toward the Frencli. and 
 had no other fear than that of being abandoned 
 by them. Sieur de Beauhamois annexes an ex- 
 tract of these letters, and although the Scioux 
 seem very friendly, the result only can tell whether 
 this fidelity is to be absolutely depended upon, 
 for the mirestrauied and inconsistent spirit which 
 composes the Inilian character may easily change 
 it. They have not come over this summer as yet. 
 but M. de la St. Pierre is to get them to do so 
 next year, and to have an eye on their proceed- 
 ings." 
 
 The reply to this communication from Louis
 
 DE LUtilONAN VISITS THE SIOUX COUNTRY. 
 
 XV. dated Versailles, May 10th, 1737, was in 
 tliese words : " As respects the Scioux, according 
 to what the commandant and missionary at that 
 post have written to Sieur de Beauliarnois rela- 
 tive to the disposition of these Indians, nothing 
 appears to be wanting on that point. 
 
 " But their delay in coming down to Montreal 
 since the time they have promised to do so, must 
 render their sentiments somewhat suspected, and 
 nothing but facts can determine whether their 
 fidelity can be absolutely relied on. But wliat 
 must still further increase the uneasiness to be 
 entertained in their regard is the attack on the 
 convoy of M. de Verandrie, especially if this officer 
 has adopted the course lie had informed the 
 Marquis de Beauliarnois he should take to have 
 revenge therefor." 
 
 The particulars of the attack alluded to will be 
 found in the next chapter. Soon after tliis tlie 
 Foxes agam became troublesome, and the post on 
 Lake Pepin was for a time abandoned by the 
 Trench. A dispatch in 1741 uses this language : 
 " The Marquis de Beauliarnois' opinion respect- 
 ing the war against the Foxes, has been the more 
 readily approved by the Baron de Longeuil, 
 Messieurs De la Chassaigne, La Corne, de Lig- 
 nery, LaXoue, and Uuplessis - Fabert, whom he 
 had assembled at his house, as it appears from 
 all the letters that the Count has written for sev- 
 eral years, that he has nothing so much at heart as 
 the destruction of that Indian nation, which can 
 not be prevailed on by the presents and the good 
 treatment of the French, to live in peace, not- 
 withstanding all its promises. 
 
 " Besides, it is notorious that the Foxes have a 
 secret understanding with the Iroquois, to secure 
 a retreat among the latter, in case tlie>- be obliged 
 to abandon their villages. They have one already 
 secured among the Sioux of the praii-ies, with 
 whom they are allied; so that, should they be 
 
 advised beforehand of the design of the French 
 to wage war against them, it would be easy for 
 them to retire to the one or the other before their 
 passage could be intersected or themselves at- 
 tacked in their villages." 
 
 In the summer of 1743, a deputation of the 
 Sioux came down to Quebec, to ask that trade 
 might be resumed. Three years after this, fom- 
 Sioux chiefs came to (Quebec, and asked that a 
 commandant might Ije sent to Fort Beauharnois ; 
 which was not granted. 
 
 During the winter of 1745-6, De Lusignan vis- 
 ited the Sioux country, ordered by the govern- 
 ment to hunt up the -'coureurs des hois," and 
 withdraw them from the country. They started 
 to return with him, but learning that they would 
 be arrested at Mackinaw, for violation of law, 
 they ran away. While at the villages of the Sioux 
 of the lakes and plains, the chiefs brought to 
 this officer nineteen of their young men, bound 
 with cords, who had killed three Frenchmen, at 
 the Illinois. While he remained with them, they 
 made peace with the Ojiliways of La Pointe, 
 with whom they had been at war for some time. 
 On his return, four chiefs accompanied him to 
 Montreal, to solicit pardon for their voung braves. 
 
 The lessees of the trading-post lost many of 
 their peltries that winter in consequence of a fire. 
 
 Reminiscences of St. Pierre's residence at Lake 
 I'epin were long jireserved. Carver, in 1766, "ob- 
 served the ruins of a French factory, where, it 
 is said. Captain St. Pierre resided, and carried on 
 a great trade with the Nad(messies before the re- 
 duction of Canada." 
 
 Pike, in 1805. wrote in his journal: " .Just be- 
 low Pt. Le Sable, the French, who had driven the 
 Ilenards [Foxesl from AVisconsin, and chased 
 them up the Mississippi, built a stockade on this 
 lake, as a barrier against the savages. It became 
 a noted factory for the Sioux."
 
 58 
 
 EXPLOBBBS AXD PIOXEEBS OF ^^XNESOTA. 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 
 VEKENDRYE. THE EXPLOKEE OF NOKTHEKX MINNESOTA, AND DISCOVERER OF THE ROCKY 
 
 MOUNTAINS. 
 
 Conversation of Verendrj-e with Father De Conor.— Parentage and Early Life — 
 Old Indian Map Preserved.— Verendrje's Son ami Nej-licw Exi.Iore Pitreon 
 River and Reach Rainy lake.— Father Messayer a Companion.— Fort St. Pierre 
 Established.- Lake of the Woods Reached and Fort St, Charles Built.— De la 
 Jeiueraye's Map.— Fort nn the Assinahoiiie River.— Verendryes Son. Father 
 Ouiieau and Associates Killed by Sioux, on Massacre Isle, in Lake of the Woois 
 -Fort La Reine.— Verendrye's Eldest Son. with Others, Reaches the Missouri 
 River.— Discovers the Rocky Mountains.— Returns to Lake of the Woods.— 
 Exploration of Saskatchewan River.— Sieur de la Verendrye Jr. — Verendrye 
 the Father. ni.vde Captain of the Order of St. Louis.— His Death.- The Swedish 
 Traveler. Kalm. Sotices Veren-lrye. — Bougainville Describes Verendrj-e's Ex- 
 plorations.- Legardeur de St. Pierre at Fort La Reine.— Fort Jonquiere Estr.h- 
 lished.— De )a Come Succeeds St. Pierre —St. Pierre Meets Washington at 
 French Crwk, in Pennsylvania.— Killed in Battle, near Lake George. 
 
 Early in the year 1728. two travelers met at 
 the secluded post of JIackinaw, one was named 
 De Gonor, a Jesuit Father, who with Guignas, 
 had gone wththe expedition, that the September 
 before had built Fort Beauharnois on the shores 
 of Lake Pepin, the other was Pierre Gualtier Ya- 
 rennes, the Sieur de la "\'erendrye the commander 
 of tlie post on L;ike Xepigon of the north shore 
 of Lake Superior, and a relative of the Sieur de 
 laPerriere. the commander at Lake Pepin. 
 
 ■\'erendrye was tlie son of Rene Gualtier Ya- 
 rennes who for twenty-two years was the cliief 
 magistrate at Three Rivers, whose flife was Ma- 
 rie Boucher, the daughter of his predecessor 
 whom he had married when she was twelve years 
 of age. lie became a cadet m lb97, and in 1704 
 accompanied an expedition to New England. 
 The next year he was in Xe\\-foundland and the 
 year follo%\-ing he went to France, joined a regi- 
 ment of Brittany and was in the conflict at Mal- 
 plaquet when the French troops were defeated 
 b)- the Duke of :Marlborough. "When he returneil 
 to Canada he was obliged to accept the position 
 of ensign notwithstaiuUng the gallant manner in 
 which he had behaved. In time he became iden- 
 tified with the Lake Superior region. ^Vhile at 
 Lake Xepigon the Indians assured him that there 
 was a communication largely by water to the 
 Pacific Ocean. One, named Oclwgachs, drew a 
 rude map of the country, -vihich is still preserved 
 among the French archives. Pigeon River is 
 
 marked thereon Mantohavagane. and the River 
 St. Louis is marked R. fond du L. Superior, and 
 the Indians apjiear to have passed from its head- 
 waters to Rain)' Lake. Upon the western ex- 
 tremity is marked the River of the West. 
 
 De Gonor conversed much upon the route to 
 the Pacific with A'erendrye. and promised to use 
 his influence with the Canadian authorities to 
 advance the project of exploration. 
 
 Charles De Beauharnois. the Governor of Can- 
 ada, gave Verendrye a respectful hearing, and 
 carefully examined the map of the region west of 
 the great lakes, which had been drawn by Ochar 
 gaclis (Otcliaga), the Indian guide. Orders were 
 soon given to tit out an expedition of fifty men. 
 It left Montreal in 1731, under the conduct of his 
 sons and nephew De la Jemera\e, he not joining 
 the party till 1733, in consequence of the deten- 
 tions of business. 
 
 In the autumn of 1731. the party reached Rainy 
 Lake, by the X'antouagan, or Groselliers river, 
 now called Pigeon. Father Messayer. who had 
 been stationed on Lake Superior, at the Grosel- 
 liers river, was taken as a spiritual giude. At 
 the foot of Rainy Lake a post was erected and 
 called Fort St. Pierre, and the next year, having 
 crossed Minittie, or Lake of the Woods, they es- 
 tablished Fort St. Charles on its southwestern 
 bank. Five leagues from Lake Winnipeg they 
 established a post on the Assinaboine. An un- 
 published map of these discoveries by De la .Jem- 
 eraye still exists at I'aris. The river Winnipeg 
 called by them Maurepas, in honor of the minis- 
 ter of France in 1734, was protected by a fort of 
 the same name. 
 
 About this time their advance was stopped by 
 the exhaustion of supplies, but on the 12tli of 
 April, 1735, an arrangement was made for a sec- 
 ond equipment, and a fourth son joined the exi)e- 
 dition. 
 In June, 1736, while twenty-one of the expedi-
 
 DISCOVERY OF THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS. 
 
 59 
 
 tion were camped upon an isle in the Lake of the 
 
 Wooils, they were surprised by a band of Sioiix 
 liostile to the Frencli allies, tlie Cristinaux, and 
 all killed. Tlie island, upon this account, is 
 called Massacre Island. A few days after, a 
 party of five Canadian voyageurs discovered their 
 dead bodies and scalped heads. Father Ouneaii, 
 the missionary, was found upon one knee, an ar- 
 row in his head, his breast bare, his left hand 
 touching the gromul, and the right hand raised. 
 
 Among the slaughtered was also a son of \ev- 
 endrye, who had a tomahawk in his back, and his 
 body adorned with garters and bracelets of porcu- 
 pine. The father was at the foot of the Lake of 
 the Woods when he received the news of his son's 
 murder, and about the same time heard of the 
 death of his enterprising nephew, Dufrost de la 
 Jemeraye, the son of his sister Marie Reine de 
 Varennes, and brother of Madame Youville, the 
 foundress of the Hospitallers at JMontreal. 
 
 It was under the guidance of the latter that 
 the party had, in 1731, mastered the difficulties 
 of the Nantaouagon, or Groselliers river. 
 
 On the 3d of October. 173S, they built an ad- 
 vanced post. Fort La Keine, on the river Assini- 
 boels, now Assinaboine, which they called St 
 Charles, and beyond was a ))ranch ciilled St. 
 Pierre. Tliese two rivers received the baptismal 
 name of Verendrye, which was Pierre, and Gov- 
 ernor I'eauharnois, which was Charles. The post 
 became the centre of trade and point of departure 
 for explorations, either north or south. 
 
 It was by ascending the Assinaboine, and by 
 the present trail from its tributary, Mouse river, 
 they reached tlie country of the Mantanes, and in 
 1741, came to the upper Missouri, passed the Yel- 
 low Stone, and at length arrived at the Rocky 
 Mountains. The party was led by the eldest son 
 and his Ijrother, the chevalier. They left the 
 Lake of the Woods on the 29th of April,' 1742, 
 came in sight of the Rocky Mountains on the 1st 
 of January, 1743, and on the 12tli ascended them. 
 On the route they fell in with the Beaux Hom- 
 mes, Pioya, Petits Renards, and Arc tribes, and 
 stopped among the Snake tribe, but could go no 
 farther in a southerly direction, owing to a war 
 between the Arcs and Snakes. 
 
 On the 19th of May, 1744, they had returned to 
 the upper Missouri, and, in the country of the 
 Petite Cerise tribe, they planted on an eminence 
 
 a leaden plate of the arms of France, and raised 
 a monument of stones, which they called Beau- 
 harnois. They returned to the Lake of the Woods 
 on the 2d of July. 
 
 Korth of the Assiniboine they proceeded to 
 Lake Dauphin, Swan's Lake, explored the riv- 
 er "Des Biches," and ascended even to the 
 fork of the Saskatchewan, which they called Pos- 
 koiac. Two forts were subseciuently established, 
 one near Lake Dauphin and the other on the 
 river "des Biches," called Fort Bourbon. The 
 northern route, by the Saskatchewan, was thought 
 to have some advantage over the JNIissouri, be- 
 cause there was no danger of meeting with the 
 Spaniards. 
 
 Governor Beauharnois having been prejudiced 
 against Verendrye by envious persons, De Xoy- 
 elles was appointed to take command of the 
 posts. During these difficulties, we find Sieur de 
 la \^erendrye, Jr., engaged in other duties. In 
 August, 1747, he arrives from Mackinaw at Mon- 
 treal, and in the autumn of that year he accom- 
 panies St. Pierre to Mackinaw, and brings back 
 the convoy to Montreal. In February, 1748, with 
 five Canadians, five Cristenaux, two Ottawas, and 
 one Sauteur, he attacked the Mohawks near 
 Schenectady, and retui'iied to Montreal with two 
 scalps, one that of a chief. On June 20th. 1748, 
 it is recorded tliat Chevalier de la Verendrye de- 
 parted from Montreal for the head of Lake Supe- 
 rior. Margry states that he perished at sea in 
 November, 1764, by the wreck of the " Auguste." 
 
 Fortunately, Galissioniere the successor of 
 Beauharnois, although deformed and insignifi- 
 cant in appearance, was fair minded, a lover of 
 science, especially botany, and anxious to push 
 discoveries toward tlie Pacific. Verendrye the 
 father was restored to favor, and made Captain 
 of the Order of St. Louis, and ordered to resume 
 explorations, but he died on December 6th, 1749, 
 while planning a tour up tlie Saskatchewan. 
 
 The Swedisli Professor, Kalm. met him in Can- 
 ada, not long before his decease, and had inter- 
 esting conversations with him about the furrows 
 on the plains of the Missouri, whicli he errone- 
 ously conjectured indicated the former abode of 
 an agricultural people. These ruts are familiar 
 to modern travelers, and may be only buffalo 
 trails. 
 
 Father Coquard, wno had been associated with
 
 60 
 
 EXFLOBEKlS ASU PIONEERS OF MINXEfiOTA. 
 
 Verendrye. says that they firet met the Mantanes. 
 and next the Brochets. After these were the 
 Gros ^'entres, the Crows, the Flat Heads, the 
 Black Feet, and l)og Feet, who were estabUshed 
 on the .Missouri, even up to the falls, and that 
 about thirty leagues beyond they found a narrow 
 pass in the mountains. 
 
 Bougainville gives a more full account: he says: 
 "He who most advanced this discovery was 
 the Sieur de la ^'eranderie. He went from Fort 
 la Reine to the Missouri. He met on tlie banks 
 of this river the Mandans. or White Beards, who 
 had seven villages witli pine stockades, strength- 
 ened by a ditch. Xext to these were the Kinon- 
 gewiniris. or the Brochets, in three villages, and 
 toward the upper part of the river -sxere three 
 villages of the Mahantas. All along the mouth 
 of the Wabeik, or Shell River, were situated 
 twenty-three villages of the Panis. To the south- 
 west of this river, on the banks of the Onanarade- 
 ba. or La Graisse. are the Hectaues or Snake 
 tribe. They extend to the base of a chain of 
 mountains which rinis north northeast. South 
 of tiiis is the river Karoskiou. or Cerise Pelee. 
 which is supposed to flow to California. 
 
 •• He found in the immense region watered by 
 the Missouri, and in the vicinity of forty leagues. 
 the Mahantas. the OwiUniock. or Beaux Uoni- 
 mes. four villages; opposite tlie Brochets the Black 
 Fei t. three villages of a hundred lodges each: op. 
 posite the Mandans are the Ospekakaei-enousques. 
 or Flat Heals, four villages; opposite tha Panis 
 are the Arcs of Cristiuaiix. and I'tasibaoutchatas 
 of Assiniboel. three ^illages; following these the 
 Makesch. or Little Foxes, two tillages; the: Pi- 
 wassa. or great talkers, three villages; the Ka- 
 kokoschena, or Gens de la Pie. five villages; the 
 Kiskipisounouini., or the Garter tribe, seven vil- 
 lages." 
 
 Galassoniere was succeeded by Jonquiere in 
 the governorship of Canada, who proved to be a 
 grasping, peevish, and very miserly jwrson. For 
 the sons of 'N'erendrje he had no sympathy, and 
 forming a clique to profit by theii' father's toils. 
 
 he determmed to send two expeditions toward 
 the Pacific Ocean, one by the ^Missouri and the 
 other by the Saskatchewan. 
 
 Father Coquard, one of the companions fit Ve- 
 rendrye, was consulted as to the probabilitj' of 
 finding a pass in the Rocky Mountains, through 
 which they might, in canoes, reach the great 
 lake of salt water, perhaps Pugefs Somid. 
 
 The enterprise was at length confided to t«o 
 experienced oflicers, Lamarque de Marin and 
 Jacques Legardeur de Saint Pierre. The former 
 was assigned the way. by the Missouri, and to 
 the latter was given the more northern route; 
 but Saint Pierre in some way excited the hostil- 
 ity of the Cristinaux. who attempted to kill him. 
 and burned Fort la Reine. His heutenant, Bou- 
 cher de Niver\Tlle, who had been sent to establish 
 a post toward the source of the Saskatchewan, 
 failed on accotmt of sickness. Some of his men. 
 however, pushed on to the Rocky Moimtauis. 
 and in 1753 established Fort Jonquiere. Henx)" 
 says St. Pierre established Fort Bourbon. 
 
 In 1753, Saint Pierre was succeeded in the 
 command of the posts of the West, by de la 
 Come, and sent to French Creek, in Pennsylva- 
 nia. He had been but a few days there when he 
 received a visit from Washington, just entering 
 upon manhood, bearing a letter from Governor 
 Dinwiddle of Virginia, complaining of the en 
 eroaclmients of the French. 
 
 Soon the clash of arms between France and 
 England began, and Saint Pierre, at the head of 
 the Indian allies, fell near Lake George, in Sep- 
 tember, 1755. in a battle with the English. After 
 the seven years' war was concluded, by the treaty 
 of Paris, the French relinquished all their posts 
 in the X(irthwest, and the work begun by A'eren- 
 drye. was. in 1805. completed by Lewis and 
 Clarke ; and the Xorthem Pacific Railway is fast 
 approaching the passes of the Rocky ilountains. 
 through the valley of the Yellow Stone, and from 
 thence to the great land-locked bay of the ocean. 
 Pugefs Sound.
 
 EFFECT OF THE ENGLISH AND FRENCH WAB. 
 
 61 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 
 EFFECT OF THE ENGLISH AND FRENCH WAR. 
 
 English Influence Increasing:.— Le, Due Robbed at Lake Superior,— St. Pierre at 
 Mackinaw.— Escape of Indian Prisoners.- La Roude and Verendrye.— Influeuce 
 of Sieur Marin. — St. Pierre Recalled from Winnipeg Region.— Interview with 
 Washington. — Langlade Urges Attack Upon Troops of Braddock.— Saint Pierre 
 Killed in Battle.— Marin's Boldness.— Rogers, a Partisan Ranger, Commands at 
 Mackinaw.— At Ticonderoga.— French Deliver up the Posts in Canada. —Capt, 
 Balfour Takes Possession of Mackinaw and Green Bay.— Lieut. Gorrrll in Com. 
 raand at Green Bay.— Sioux Visit Green Bay. — Pennensha a French Trader 
 Among the Sioux. — Treaty of Paris. 
 
 English influence produced increasing dissatis- 
 faction among tlie Indians that were heyoiid 
 Maclvinaw. Not only were the voyageurs robbed 
 and maltreated at Sault St. :Marie and otlier points 
 on Lake Superior, but even the commandant at 
 Mackinaw was exposed to insolence, and there 
 was no security anywhere. 
 
 On the twenty-third of August, 174", Philip Le 
 Due arrived at Mackinaw from Lake Superior, 
 stating tliat he had been robbed of his goods at 
 Kamanistigoya, and that the Ojibways of the 
 lake were favorably disposed toward the English. 
 The Dahkotahs were also becoming unruly in the 
 absence of French officers. 
 
 In a few weeks after Le Due's robbery, St. 
 Pierre left Montreal to become commandant at 
 Mackinaw, and Vercheres was appointed for the 
 post at Green Bay. In the language of a docu- 
 ment of the day, St. Pierre was •' a very good 
 oflBcer, much esteemed among all the nations of 
 those parts ; none more loved and feared." On 
 his arrival, the savages were so cross, that he ad- 
 vised that no Frenchman should come to trade. 
 
 By promptness and boldness, he secured the 
 Indians who had murdered some Frenchmen, 
 and obtained the respect of the tribes. While 
 the three murderers were being conveyed in a 
 canoe down the St. Lawrence to Quebec, in charge 
 of a sergeant and seven soldiers, the savages, with 
 characteristic cunning, though manacled, suc- 
 ceeded in killing or drowniing the guard. Cutting 
 their irons with an axe, they sought the woods, 
 and escaped to their own country. " Thus." 
 writes Galassoniere, in 1748, to Count Maurepas, 
 
 was lost in a great measure the fruit of Sieur St. 
 Pierre's good management, and of all the fatigue 
 I endured to get the nations who siirrendered 
 these rascals to listen to reason." 
 
 On the twenty-first of June of the next year, 
 La Ronde started to La Pointe, and Verendrye 
 for West Sea, or Fon du Lac, Minnesota. 
 
 Under the influence of Sieur Marin, who was 
 in command at Green Bay in 17.j3. peaceful re- 
 lations were in a measure restored between the 
 French and Indians. 
 
 As the war between England and France deep- 
 ened, the officers of the distant French posts 
 were called in and stationed nearer tlie enemy. 
 Legardeur St. Pierre, was brouglit from the Lake 
 Winnipeg region, and, in December, 1753, was in 
 command of a rude post near Erie, Pennsylvania. 
 Langlade, of Green Bay, Wisconsm, arrived early 
 in July, 1755, at Fort Duquesne. Witli Beauyeu 
 and De Lignery. wlio had been engaged in fight- 
 ing the Fox Indians, he left that fort, at nine 
 o'clock of the morning of the 9th of July, and, a 
 little after noon, came neartlie English, who had 
 halted on the south shore of the Monongahela, 
 and were at dinner, with their arms stacked. By 
 the urgent entreaty of Langlade, the western 
 lialf-breed, Beauyeu, tlie officer in command or- 
 dered an attack, and Braddock was overwhelmed, 
 and Washington was obliged to say, " We have 
 been beaten, shamefully beaten, by a handful of 
 Frenchmen." 
 
 Under Baron Dieskau. St, Pierre commanded 
 the Indians, in September, 1755, during the cam- 
 paign near Lake George, wliere he fell gallantly 
 fighting the English, as did his commander. 
 The Eev, Claude Coquard, alluding to the French 
 defeat, m a letter to Ids brother, remarks: 
 
 '• We lost, on that occasion, a brave officer, M, 
 de St, Pierre, and had his advice, as well as that 
 of several other Canadian officers, been followed. 
 Jonckson [Johnson] was irretrievably destroyed.
 
 EXPLOBERS AXD PIOXEERS OF MINNESOTA. 
 
 and we should have been spared the trouble we 
 have had this year." 
 
 Other officers who had been stationed on the 
 borders of Minnesota also distinguished them- 
 selves durmg the French war. The Marquis 
 ilontcalm, in camp at Ticonderoga, on the twen- 
 ty-seventh of July. 1757, writes to Vaudreuil, 
 Governor of Canada: 
 
 " Lieutenant Marin, of the Colonial troops, who 
 has exhiViited a rare audacity, did not consider 
 himself bound to halt, although his detachment 
 of about four himdred men was reduced to about 
 two hxmdred, the balance having been sent back 
 on accoimt of inability to follow. He carried off 
 a patrol of ten men, and swept away an ordinary 
 guard of fifty like a wafer; went up to the en- 
 emy's camp, under Fort Lydias (Edward), where 
 he was exposed to a severe fire, and retreated like 
 a warrior. He was unwUling to amuse himself 
 making prisoners; he brought in only one, and 
 thirty-two scalps, and must have killed many men 
 of the enemy, in the midst of whose ranks it was 
 neither -wise nor prudent to go in search of scalps. 
 The Indians generally all behaved well. * * * 
 The Outaouais. who arrived with me. and whom 
 I designed to go on a scouting party towards the 
 lake, had conceived a project of administering a 
 corrective to the English barges. * * * On 
 the day before yesterday, your brother formed a 
 detachment to accompany them. I arrived at his 
 camp on the evening of the same day. Lieuten- 
 ant de Corbiere. of the Colonial troops, was re- 
 turning, in consequence of a misimderstanding. 
 and as I knew the zeal and intelligence of that 
 oflBcer, I made him set out with a new instruc- 
 tion to join Messrs de Langlade and Ilertel de 
 Chantly. Tliey remained ui ambush all day and 
 night yesterday; at Ijreak of day the English ap- 
 peared on Lake St. Sacrament, to the number of 
 twenty-two barges, imder the command of Sieur 
 Parker. The whoops of oiu" Indians impressed 
 them with such terror that they made but feeble 
 resistance, and only two barges escaped."' 
 
 After De Corbiere "s victory on Lake Cham- 
 plain, a large French army was collected at Ti- 
 conderoga. with which there were many Indians 
 from the tribes of the Northwest, and the loways 
 appeared for the first time in the east. 
 
 It is an interesting fact that tlie English offi- 
 cers who were in frequent engagements with St. 
 
 Pierre, Lusignan, Marin, Langlade, and others, 
 became the pioneers of the British, a few yeare 
 afterwards, in the occupation of the outposts of 
 the lakes, and in the exploration of Mmnesota. 
 
 Kogers, the celebrated captain of rangers, sub- 
 sequently commander of ^Mackinaw, and Jona- 
 than Carver, the first British explorer of Minne- 
 sota, were Vioth on duty near Lake Champlam, the 
 latter narrowly escaping at the battle of Fort 
 George. 
 
 On Christmas eve. 17.57, Rogers approached 
 Fort Ticonderoga. to fire the outhouses, but was 
 prevented by discharge of the cannons of the 
 Fren h. 
 
 He contented himself with killing fifteen beeves, 
 on the horns of one of whicli he left this laconic 
 and amusmg note, addressed to the commander 
 of the post: 
 
 ■• I am obliged to you. Sir, for the repose you 
 have allowed me to take; I thank you for the fresh 
 meat you have sent me. I request you to present 
 my compliments to the Marqius du Montcalm." 
 
 On the thirteenth of March, 1758, Durantaj-e, 
 formerly at Macldnaw. had a skirmish -nith Rog- 
 ers. Both had been trained on the frontier, and 
 they met " as Greek met Greek."' The conflict 
 was fierce, and the French victorious. The Li- 
 dian allies, finding a scalp of a chief imdemeath 
 an offlcer"s jacket, were furious, and took one 
 hundred and fourteen scalps in return. AMien 
 the French returned, they supposed that Captain 
 Rogers was among the killed. 
 
 At Quebec, when Montcalm and "Wolfe fell, 
 there were Ojibways present assisting the French 
 
 The Indians, returning from the expeditions 
 against the English, were attacked with small- 
 pox, and many died at 3ilackinaw, 
 
 On the eighth of September, 1760, the French 
 delivered up all their posts in Canada. A few 
 days after the capitidation at ^lontreal, ^lajor 
 Rogers was sent with English troops, to garrison 
 the posts of the distant Northwest. 
 
 On the eighth of September. 1761, a year after 
 the surrender, Captam Balfour, of the eightieth 
 regiment of the British army, left Detroit, ^nth 
 a detachment to take possession of the French 
 forts at ^lackinaw and Green Bay. Twenty-five 
 soldiers were left at Mackinaw, in command of 
 Lieutenant Leslie, and the rest sailed to Green 
 1 Bay, under Lieutenant Gorrell of the Royal
 
 PENNENSIIA WHITES A LETTER FOR THE SIOUX. 
 
 63 
 
 Americans, where they arrived on the twelfth of 
 October. The fort had been abandoned for sev- 
 eral years, and was in a dilapidated condition. 
 In charge of it there was left a lieutenant, a cor- 
 poral, and fifteen soldiers. Two English traders 
 arrived at the same time, JNIt-Kay from Albany, 
 and Goddard from Montreal. 
 
 Gorrell in his journal alludes to the Mimiesota 
 Sioux. He writes — 
 
 " On March 1, 1763, twelve warriors of the Sous 
 came here. It is certainly the greatest nation of 
 Indians ever yet found. Not above two thousand 
 of them were ever armed with firearms ; the rest 
 depending entirely on bows and arrows, which 
 they use with more skiU than any other Indian 
 nation in America. They can shoot the wildest 
 and largest beasts in the woods at seventy or one 
 hundred yards distant. They are remarkable for 
 their dancing, and the other nations take the 
 fashions from them. ***** Tliis nation 
 is always at war with the Chippewas, those who 
 destroyed Mishamakinak. They told me with 
 warmth that if ever the Chippewas or any other 
 Indians wished to obstruct the passage of the 
 traders coming up, to send them word, and they 
 would come and cut them off from the face of 
 the earth ; as all Indians were their slaves or dogs. 
 I told them I was glad to see them, and Imped to 
 have a lasting peace with them. They then gave 
 me a letter wrote in French, and two belts of 
 wampum from their king, in which he expressed 
 great joy on hearing of there being English at 
 his post. The letter ■was written by a French 
 trader whom I had allowed to go among them 
 last fall, with a promise of his behaving well ; 
 which he did, better than any Canadian I ever 
 knew. ***** With regard to traders, I 
 would not allow any to go amongst them, as I 
 
 then understood they lay out of the government 
 of Canada, but made no doubt tliey would liave 
 traders from the Mississippi in the spring. Tliey 
 went away extremely well pleased. June 14th, 
 1763, the traders came down from the Sack coun- 
 try, and confirmed tlie news of Landsing and liis 
 son being killed by the French. There came with 
 the traders some Puans, and four young men with 
 one chief of the Avoy [loway] nation, to demand 
 traders. ***** 
 
 " On the nineteenth, a deputation of Wtnneba- 
 goes, Sacs, Foxes and Menominees arrived with 
 a Frenchman named Pennensha. Tliis Pennen- 
 sha is the same man who wrote the letter the 
 Sous brought with them in French, and at the 
 same time held council with that great nation in 
 favour of the Englisli, by which he much promo- 
 ted the interest of the latter, as appeared Ijy the 
 behaviour of the Sous. He brought with him a 
 pipe from the Sous, desiring that as the road is 
 now clear, they would by no means allow the 
 Chippewas to obstruct it, or give tlie English any 
 disturbance, or prevent the traders from coming 
 up to them. If they did so they would send all 
 their warriors and cut them off." 
 
 In July, 1763, there arrived at Green Bay, 
 Bruce, Fisher; and Roseboom of Albany, to en- 
 gage in the Indian trade. 
 
 By the treaty of Paris of 1763, France ceded to 
 Great Britain all of the country east of the Mis- 
 sissippi, and to Spain the whole of Louisiana, so 
 that the latter power for a time held tlie ^\•hole 
 region between the Mississippi River and the Pa- 
 cific Ocean, and that portion of the city of Min- 
 neapolis known as the East Division was then 
 governed by the British, while the West Division 
 was subject to the Spanish code.
 
 64 
 
 EXPLOREliS A^'IJ PIONEERS OF MINNESOIA. 
 
 CHAPTER XI. 
 
 JONATHAN CARVER, THE FIRST BRITISH TRAVELER AT FALLS OF SAINT ANTHONY. 
 
 Carver's Early Life.— In the Battle near Lake George.— Arrives at Mackinaw.— 
 Old Fort at Green Bay.— Winneliago Village.— Descrijitioii ol" Prairie da Cliien. 
 Earthworks on Banks of Lake Pepin.— Sioux Bands Described.— Cave and 
 Burial Place m Suburbs of St. Paul.— Tbe Falls of Saint Anthony.— Burial 
 Rites of tLe Sioux.— Speech of A Sioux Chief.— Schiller's Poein of the Death 
 Song. — Sir John Herschel's Translation,— Sir E. Buhver Lytton's Version.— 
 Correspondence of Sir William Johnson —Carver's Project for Opening a Route 
 to the Pacific— Supposed Origin of tlic Sioux.— Cari-er's Claim to Lands Ex- 
 amined.— Alleped Deed.— Testimony of Rev. Samuel Peters.— Communication 
 from Gen. Leavenworth.— Report of U. S. Senate Committee. 
 
 Jonathan Carver was a native of Connecticut 
 His grandt'atlier, "William Carver, was a native of 
 AVigan, Lancashire, England, and a captain in 
 King William's army during the campaign in 
 Ireland, and for meritorious services received an 
 appointment as an ollicer of the colony of Con- 
 necticut. 
 
 His father was a justice of the peace in the 
 new world, and in 1732, the subject of this sketch 
 was bom. At the early age of fifteen he was 
 called to mourn the death of his father. He then 
 commenced the study of medicine, but his roving 
 disposition could not bear the confines of a doc- 
 tor's office, and feeling, perhaps, that bis genius 
 would be cramped by pestle and mortar, at the 
 age of eighteen he purchased an ensign's commis- 
 sion in one of. the regiments raised during the 
 French war. He was of medium stature, and of 
 strong mind and quick perceptions. 
 
 In the year 1757, he was captain under Colonel 
 M'illiams in the battle near Lake George, where 
 Saint Pierre was killed, and narrowly escaped 
 with his life. 
 
 After the peace of 17(53, between France and 
 England was declared. Carver conceived the pro- 
 ject of exploring the Xorthwest. Leaving Boston 
 in the month of June. ITtiii, he arrived at Macki- 
 naw, then the most distant British post, in the 
 month of August. Having obtained a credit on 
 some French and English traders from Major 
 Rogers, the officer in command, he started with 
 them on the third day of September. Pursuing 
 the usual route to Cireeu Bay, they arrived there 
 on the eighteenth. 
 
 The French fort at that time was standing, 
 though much decayed. It was, some years pre- 
 vious to his arrival, garrisoned for a short time 
 by an officer and thirty English soldiers, but they 
 having been captured by the Menominees, it was 
 abandoned. 
 
 In comjiany with the traders, he left Green 
 Bay on the twentieth, and ascending Fox river, 
 arrived on the twenty-fifth at an island at the 
 east end of Lake Winnebago, containing about 
 fifty acres. 
 
 Here he found a A\'iunebago village of fifty 
 houses. He asserts that a woman was in author- 
 ity. In the month of October the party was at 
 the portage of the Wisconsin, and descending 
 that stream, they arrived, on the ninth at a town 
 of the Sauks. While here he visited some lead 
 mines about fifteen miles distant. An abimd.uice 
 of lead was also seen in the village, that had been 
 brought from the mines. 
 
 On the tenth they arrived at the first village of 
 the " Ottigaumies" [Foxes] about five miles be- 
 fore the Wisconsin joins the Mississippi, he per- 
 ceived the remnants of another village, and 
 learned that it had been deserted about thirty 
 years before, and that the inhiibitants soon after 
 their removal, built a town on the Mississippi, 
 near the mouth of the " Ouisconsin," at a place 
 called by the French La Prairie les Chiens, which 
 signified the Dog Plains. It was a large town, 
 and contained about three himdred families. 
 Tlie houses were built after the Indian manner, 
 and pleasantly situated on a dry rich soil. 
 
 He saw here many houses of a good size and 
 shape. Tl<is town was the great mart where all 
 tlie adjacent tribes, and where those who inhabit 
 the most remote branches of the Mississippi, an- 
 nually assemble about the latter end of ISIay, 
 bringing with them their furs to dispose of to the 
 traders. But it is not always that they conclude 
 their sale here. This was determined by a gen
 
 SUPPOSED FORTIFICATIONS NEAR LAKE PEPIN. 
 
 6i5 
 
 eral council of the chiefs, who consulted whether 
 it would be more conducive to their interest to 
 sell their goods at this place, or to carry them 
 on to Louisiana or Mackinaw. 
 
 At a small stream called Yellow River, oppo- 
 site Prairie du Chien, the traders who had thus 
 far accompanied Carver took up their residence 
 for the whiter. 
 
 From this point he proceeded in a canoe, with 
 a Canadian voyageur and a Mohawk Indian as 
 companions. Just before reaching Lake Pepin, 
 while his attendants were one day preparing din- 
 ner, he walked out and was struck with the pecu- 
 liar appearance of the surface of the country, and 
 thouglit it was the site of some vast artificial 
 earth- work. It is a fact worthy of remembrance, 
 that he was the first to call the attention of the 
 civilized world to the existence of ancient monu- 
 ments in the Mississippi valley. We give his own 
 description : 
 
 '• On tlie first of November I reached Lake 
 Pepin, a few miles below wliich I landed, and, 
 whilst the servants were preparing my dinner, I 
 ascended the bank to view the country. I had 
 not proceeded far before I came to a fine, level, 
 open plain, on whicli I perceived, at a little dis- 
 tance, a partial elevation that had the appearance 
 of entrenchment. On a nearer inspection I had 
 greater reason to suppose that it had really been 
 hitended for this many centuries ago. Notwith- 
 standing it was now covered with grass, I could 
 plainly see that it liad once been a breastw(u-k of 
 about four feet in heiglit, extending the liest part 
 of a mile, and sntticieutly capacious to cover five 
 thousand men. Its form was somewhat circidar 
 and its flanks reached to the river. 
 
 " Though much defaced by time, every angle 
 was distinguishable, and appeared as regular and 
 fashioned with as much military skill as if planned 
 by Vauban himself. The ditch was not visible, 
 but I thought, on examining more curiously, that 
 I could perceivfe there certainly had been one. 
 From its situation, also, I am convinced that it 
 must have l)een designed for that purpose. It 
 fronted the country, and the rear was covered by 
 the river, nor was there any rising ground for a 
 considerable way that commanded it ; a few 
 straggUng lakes were alone to be seen near it. 
 In many places small tracks were worn across it 
 by the feet of the elks or deer, and from the depth 
 
 of the bed of earth by which it was covered, I was 
 able to draw certain conclusions of its great anti- 
 quity. I examined all the angles, and every part 
 with great attention, and have often blamed my- 
 self since, for not encamping on the spot, and 
 drawing an exact plan of it. To show that this 
 description is not the offspring of a heated imag- 
 ination, or the chimerical tale of a mistaken trav- 
 eler, I find, on inquiry since my return, that 
 Mons. St. Pierre, and several traders have at dif- 
 ferent times, taken notice of similar appearances, 
 upon which they have formed tlie same conjec- 
 tures, but without examining them so minutely 
 as I did. How a work of this kind could exist in 
 a country that lias hitherto (according to the gen- 
 erally received opinion) been the seat of war to 
 untutored Indians alone, wliose wliole stock of 
 military knowledge has only, till witliin two cen- 
 turies, amounted to drawing the bow, and whose 
 only breastwork even at present is the thicket, I 
 know not. I have given as exact an account as 
 possible of this singular appearance, and leave to 
 future explorers of those distant regions, to dis- 
 cover whether it is a production of nature or art. 
 Perhaps the hints I liave here given might lead 
 to a more perfect investigation of it, and gi\e us 
 very different ideas of the ancient state of realms 
 that we at present believe to have been, from the 
 earliest period, only the habitations of savages." 
 
 Lake Pepin excited his admiration, as it has 
 that of every traveler since his day, and here he 
 remarks: " I observed the ruins of a French fac- 
 tory, where it is said Captain St. Pierre resided, 
 and carried on a very great trade with the Nau- 
 dowessies, before tlie reduction of Canada." 
 
 Carver's first acquaintance with the Dahkotahs 
 commenced near the river St. Croix. It would 
 seem that the erection of trading posts on Lake 
 Pepin had enticed them from their old residence 
 on Rum river and ^lille Lacs. 
 
 He says: "Near the river St. Croix reside 
 bands of the Naudowessie Indians, caUed the 
 River Bands. This nation is composed at pres- 
 ent of eleven bands. They were origmally 
 twelve, but the Assinipoils, some years ago, re- 
 volting and separating themselves from the oth- 
 ers, there remain at this time eleven. Those I 
 met here are termed the River Bands, because 
 they chiefly dwell near the banks of this river; 
 the other eight are generally cUstinguished by the
 
 66 
 
 EXPLOBEBS AKD PIOXEEBS OF MIXNESOIA. 
 
 title of Xadowessies of the Plains, and inhabit a 
 comitry more to the westward. The names of 
 the former are Xehogatawonahs, the Mawtaw- 
 bauntowahs, and Shashweentowahs. 
 
 AiTiving at what is now a subirrb of the cap- 
 ital of Mmnesota, he continues: ■■About thir- 
 teen miles below the Falls of St. Anthonj-, at 
 which I arrived the tenth day after I left Lake 
 Pepiu. is a remarkable cave, of an amazuig depth. 
 The lufhans tei^m it 'Wakon-teebe [Wakan-tipil. 
 The entrance into it is about ten feet wide, the 
 height of it five feet. The arch within is fifteen 
 feet liigh and about thirty feet broad: the bottom 
 consists of line, clear sand. About thirty feet 
 from the entrance begins a lake, the water of 
 which is transparent, and extends to an unsearch- 
 able distance, for the darkness of the cave pre- 
 ents all attempts to acquire a knowledge of it.] 
 I threw a small pebble towards the nterior part 
 of it with my utmost strength. I could hear that 
 it fell into the water, and. uotwithstandiug it was 
 of a small size, it caused au astouisliuig and ter- 
 rible noise, that reverberated through all those 
 gloomy regions. I found in this cave many In- 
 dian hieroglyphics, which appeared very ancient. 
 for time had nearly covered them with moss, so 
 that it was with difficulty I could trace them. 
 They were cut in a rude mamier upon the inside 
 of the wall, which was composed of a stone so ex- 
 tremely soft that it might be easily penetrated 
 with a knife: a stone ever\"\vhere to be foimd 
 near the Mississippi. 
 
 '• At a little distance from tliis dreary cavern, 
 is the burjing-place of several bands of the Xau- 
 dowessie Indians. Though these people have no 
 fixed residence, being in tents, and seldom but a 
 few months in pne spot, yet they always bring 
 the bones of the dea'd to this place. 
 
 " Ten miles below the Falls of St. Anthony, 
 the river St. Pierre, called by the natives Wada- 
 paw Menesotor, f aUs into the Mississippi from the 
 west. It is not mentioned by Father Ilennepm. 
 though a large, fair river. This omission, I con- 
 sider, must have proceeded from a small island 
 [Pike's] that is situated exactly in its entrance.'" 
 
 AVTien he reached the ^liimesota river, the ice 
 became so troublesome that he left liis canoe m 
 the neighborhood of what is now St. Anthony, 
 and walked to St. Anthony, in company ■«ith a 
 yomig AVinnebago chief, who had never seen the 
 
 curling waters. The chief, on reachmg the emi- 
 nence some distance below Cheever's, began to 
 invoke his gods, and offer oblations to the spirit 
 in the waters. 
 
 "In the middle of the Falls stands a small 
 island, about forty feet broad and somewhat lon- 
 ger, on which grow a few cragged hemlock and 
 spnice trees, and about half way between this 
 island and the eastern shore is a rock, lying at 
 the very edge of the Falls, in an oblique position, 
 that appeared to be about five or six feet broatl, 
 and tliirty or forty long. At a little distance be- 
 low the Falls stands a small island of about an 
 acre and a half, on which grow a great niunber of 
 oak trees." 
 
 From this description, it would appear that the 
 little island. no« some distance below the Falls, 
 was once in the very midst, and shows that a con- 
 stant recession has been going on. and that in 
 ages long past they were not far from the Minne- 
 sota river. 
 
 Ko description is more glowing than Carver's 
 of the coimtry adjacent: 
 
 '• The country around them is extremely bean- 
 tifid. It is nt)t an uninternipted plaiii, where the 
 eye finds no relief, but composed of many gentle 
 ascents, which in the summer are covered with 
 the finest verdure, and interspereed with little 
 groves that give a pleasing variety to the pros- 
 pect. On the whole, when the Falls are inclu- 
 ded, wliich may be seen at a distance of four 
 miles, a more pleasuig and picturesque view, I 
 believe, caimot be foimd throughout the uni- 
 verse." 
 
 '• lie arrived at the Falls ou the seventeenth of 
 Xovember, 1706. and appears to have ascended as 
 far as Elk river. 
 
 On the twenty-fifth of Xovember, he had re- 
 tiu'ned to the place opposite the ilinnesota. where 
 he had left his cauoe. and this stream as yet not 
 being obstructed with ice, he commenced its as- 
 cent, with the colors of Greaf Britain flymg at 
 the stern of Ids canoe. There is no doubt that 
 he entered this river. l)ut how far he explored it 
 cannot be ascertained. He speaks of the Kapids 
 near Shakopay. and asserts that he went as far as 
 two himdred miles beyond Mendota. He re- 
 marks: 
 
 •■ On the seventh of December. I aiTived at the 
 utmost of my travels towards the "West, where I
 
 SIOUX BURI^iL ORATION VERSIFIED BY SCHILLER. 
 
 67 
 
 met a large party of the iNaudowessie Indiaus, 
 among whom I resided some months." 
 
 After speaking of the upper bands of the Dah- 
 kotahs and their allies, he adds that lie " left the 
 habitations of the hospitable Indians the latter 
 end of AprU, 1767, but did not ^)art from them 
 for several days, as I was accH)mpanied on my 
 journey by near three hundred of them to the 
 mouth of the river St. Pierre. At this season 
 these bands annually go to the great cave (Day- 
 ton's Bluff) before mentioned. 
 
 When he arrived at the great cave, and the In- 
 dians had deposited the remains of their deceased 
 friends in the burial-place that stands adjacent 
 to it, they held their great council to which he 
 was admitted. 
 
 When the Naudowessies brought their dead for 
 interment to the great cave (St. Paul), I attempted 
 to get an insight into the remaining burial rites, 
 but whether it was on account of the stench 
 which arose from so many dead bodies, or whether 
 they clujse to keep this part of their custom secret 
 from me, I could not discover. I found , however, 
 that they .considered my curiosity as ill-timed, 
 and therefore I withdrew. * * 
 
 One formality among the j^audowessies in 
 mourning for the dead is very different from any 
 mode I observed in the other nations through 
 which I passed. The men, to show how great 
 their sorrow is, pierce the flesh of their arms 
 above the elbows with arrows, and the women 
 cut and gash their legs with broken flints till the 
 blood flows very plentifully. * * 
 
 After the breath is departed, the body is 
 dressed in the same attire it usually wore, his 
 lace is painted, and he is seated in an erect pos- 
 tin-e on a mat or skin, placed in the middle of the 
 hut, with his weapons by his side. His relatives 
 seated around, each in turn harangues the de- 
 ceased; and if he has been a great warrior, re- 
 counts his heroic actions, nearly to the following 
 purport, which in the Indian language is extreme- 
 ly poetical and pleasing 
 
 '■You still sit among us, brother, your person 
 retains its usual resemblance, and continues sim- 
 ilar to ours, without any visible deficiency, ex- 
 cept it has lost the power of action! But whither 
 is tliat breath flown, which a few hours ago sent 
 up smoke to the Great Spirit? Why are those 
 lips silent, that lately delivered to us expressions 
 
 and pleasing language? Why are those feet mo- 
 tionless, that a few hours ago were fleeter than 
 the deer on yonder mountains? Why useless 
 hang those arms, that could climb the tallest tree 
 or draw the toughest bow? Alas, every part of 
 that frame which we lately beheld with admira- 
 tion and wonder has now become as inanimate as 
 it was three hundred years ago! We will not, 
 however, bemoan thee as if thou wast forever 
 lost to us, or that thy name would be buried in 
 oblivion; thy soul yet lives in the great country 
 of spirits, with those of thy nation that have gone 
 before thee; and though we are left behind to 
 perpetuate thy fame, we will one day join thee. 
 
 " Actuated by the respect we bore thee whilst 
 living, we now come to tender thee the last act of 
 kindness in our power; that thy body might not 
 lie neglected on tlie plain, and become a prey to 
 the beasts of the field or fowls of the air, and we 
 will take care to lay it with those of thy predeces- 
 sors that have gone before thee; hoping at the 
 same time that thy spirit will feed with their 
 spirits, and be ready to receive ours when we 
 shall also arrive at the great country of souls." 
 
 For this speech Carver is principally indebted 
 to his imagination, but it is well conceived, and 
 suggested one of Schiller's poems, which Goethe 
 considered one of his best, and wished " he had 
 made a dozen such." 
 
 SirE. Lytton Bulwer the distinguished novelist, 
 and Sir John Herschel the eminent astronomer, 
 liave each given a translation of Schiller's " Song 
 of the Nadowessee Chief." 
 
 SIR E. L. bulwer's translation. 
 
 See on his mat — as if of yore, 
 
 All life-like sits he here I 
 With that same aspect which he wore 
 
 When light to him was dear 
 
 But where the right hand's strength ? and where 
 
 The breath that loved to breathe 
 To the Great Spirit, aloft in air, 
 
 The peace pipe's lusty wreath ? 
 
 And where the hawk-like eye, alas I 
 
 That wont the deer pursue. 
 Along the waves of rippling grass, 
 
 Or fields that shone with dew ?
 
 68 
 
 EXPLOREBS jiy^D PIOXEERS OF MINNESOTA. 
 
 Are these the limber, bounding feet 
 That swept the winter's snows ? 
 
 What stateliest stag so fast and fleet ? 
 Their speed outstripped the roe's ! 
 
 These arms, that then the steady bow 
 
 Could supple from it's pride. 
 How stark and helpless hang they now 
 
 Adown the stiffened side ! 
 
 Yet weal to him — at peace he stays 
 
 "Wherever fall the snows ; 
 Wiere o'er the meadows springs the maize 
 
 That mortal never sows. 
 
 "Where birds are blithe on every hrake — 
 "Wliere orests teem with deer — 
 
 "Where glide the flsli through every lake — 
 One chase from year to year ! 
 
 With spirits now he feasts above ; 
 
 All left us to revere 
 The deeds we honor witli our love, 
 
 The dust we bury here. 
 
 Here bring the last gift ; loud and shrill 
 AVail death dirge for the brave ; 
 
 What pleased him most iu life, may still 
 Give pleasure in the grave. 
 
 We 1 ly the axe beneath his head 
 He swung when strength was strong — 
 
 The bear on which his banquets fed, 
 The way from earth is long. 
 
 Ainl here, new sharpened, place the knife 
 
 That severed from the clay. 
 From which the axe had spoiled the life, 
 
 Tlie conquered scalp away. 
 
 The paints that deck the dead, bestow ; 
 
 Yes, place them in his hand. 
 That red the kingly shade may glow 
 
 Amid the spirit land. 
 
 SIK JOHN HERSCHEL's TRANSLATION. 
 
 See, where upon the mat he sits 
 
 Erect, before his door. 
 With just the same majestic air 
 
 That once iu life he wore. 
 
 But where is lied his strength of limb. 
 
 The whirlwind of his breath, 
 To the Great Spirit, when he sent 
 
 The peace pipe's mounting wreath'? 
 
 "Wliere are those falcon eyes, which late 
 
 Along the plain could trace. 
 Along the grass's dewy waves 
 
 The reindeer's printed pace? 
 
 Those legs, which once with matchless speed, 
 
 Flew through the drifted snow, 
 Surpassed the stag's unwearied course, 
 
 Outran the mountain roe'i* 
 
 Those arms, once used with might and main, 
 
 The stiibborn bow to twang':* 
 See, see, their nerves are slack at last, 
 
 All motionless they hang. 
 
 'Tis well with him, for he is gone 
 
 "Where snow no more is found, 
 A\niere the gay thorn's perpetual bloom 
 
 Decks all the held around. 
 
 Where wild birds sing from every spray, 
 
 Where deer (m me sweeping by, 
 "Wliere fish from every lake afford 
 
 A plentiful supply. 
 
 With spirits now he feasts above, 
 
 And leaves us here alone. 
 To celebrate his valiant de; ds, 
 
 And round his grave to moan. 
 
 Sound the death song, bring forth the gifts, 
 
 The last gifts of the dead, — 
 Let all which yet may yield him joy 
 
 Within his grave be laid. 
 
 The hatchet iilace beneath his head 
 
 Still red with hostile blood; 
 And add, because the way is long, 
 
 The bear's fat limbs for food. 
 
 Tlie scalping-knife beside him lay, 
 
 With paints of gorgeous dye, 
 Tluit in the land of souls his form 
 
 May shine triumphantly. 
 
 It appears from other sources that Can-er's 
 visit to the Dahkotalis was of some effect in bring- 
 ing about fvieiidly intercourse between them and 
 the commander of the English force at Mackmaw.
 
 CABVERS PROJECT FOR A ROUTE TO THE PACIFIC. 
 
 69 
 
 The earliest mention of the Dahkotas, in any 
 public British documents that we know of, is in 
 the correspondence between Sir William Johnson, 
 Superintendent of Indian Affairs for the Colony 
 of New York, and General Gage, in command of 
 the forces. 
 
 On the eleventh of September, less than six 
 months after Carver's speech at Dayton's Bluff, 
 and the departure of a number of chiefs to the 
 English fort at ilackinaw, Johnson writes to 
 General Gage: "Though I wrote to you some 
 days ago, yet I would not mind saying something 
 again on the score of the vast expenses incurred, 
 and, as I understand, still incurring at jVIichili- 
 mackinac, chiefly on pretence of making a peace 
 between the Sioux and Chippeweighs, with which 
 I think we have very little to do, in good policy 
 or otherwise." 
 
 Sir William Johnson, in a letter to Lord Hills- 
 borough, one of his Majesty's ministers, dated 
 August seventeenth, 1768, again refers to the 
 subject: 
 
 " Much greater part of those who go a trading 
 are men of such circumstances and disposition as 
 to venture their persons everywhere for extrava- 
 gant gains, yet the consequences to the public 
 are not to be shghted, as we may be led into a 
 general quarrel through their means. The In- 
 dians in the part adjacent to Michilimackinac 
 have been treated with at a very great expense 
 for some time previous. 
 
 " Major Rodgers brings a considerable charge 
 against the former for mediating a peace between 
 some tribes of the Sioux and some of the Chippe- 
 weighs, which, had it been attended with success, 
 would only have been interesting to a very few 
 French, and others, that had goods in that part 
 of the Indian country, but the contrary has hap- 
 pened, and they are now more violent, and war 
 against one another."' 
 
 Though a wilderness of over one thousand miles 
 intervened between the Falls of St. Anthony and 
 the white settlements of the English, Carver was 
 fully impressed with the idea that the State now 
 organized under the name of Minnesota, on ac- 
 count of its beauty and fertility, would attract 
 settlers. 
 
 Speaking of the advantages of the country, he 
 says that the future population will be "able to 
 convey their produce to the seaports with great 
 
 facility, the current of the river from its source 
 to its entrance into the Gulf of Mexico being ex- 
 tremely favourable for doing this in small craft 
 Thh might also in time he facilitated by canals or 
 shorter cuts, and a commimicaiion opened by water 
 leith Neto York by way of the Lakes.'''' 
 
 The sul)ject of this sketch was also confident 
 that a route would be discovered by way of the 
 Minnesota river, which "wotild open a passage 
 to China and the EngUsh settlements in the East 
 Indies."' 
 
 Carver, having returned to England, interested 
 "Whitworth, a member of parliament, in the 
 northern route. Had not the American Revolu- 
 tion commenced, they proposed to have built a 
 fort at Lake Pepin, to have proceeded up the 
 Minnesota until they found, as they supposed 
 tliey could, a branch of the Missouri, and from 
 tlience, journeying over the summit of lands un- 
 til they came to a river which they called Oregon, 
 they expected to descend to the Paciflc. 
 
 Carver, in common witli otlier travelers, had 
 I:is theory in relation to the origin of the Dahko- 
 tahs. lie supposed tliat they came from Asia. 
 He remarks: " But this might have been at dif- 
 ferent times and from various parts— from Tar- 
 tary, China, Japan, for the inhabitants of these 
 places resemble each other. * * * 
 
 " It is very evident that some of the names and 
 customs of the American Indians resemble those 
 of the Tartars, and I make no doubt but that in 
 some future era, and this not far distant, it will 
 be reduced to certainty tliat during some of the 
 wars between the Tartars and Chinese a part of 
 tlie inhabitauto of the northern provinces were 
 driven from their native country, and took refuge 
 in some of the isles before mentioned, and from 
 thence found their way into America. * * * 
 
 " ilany words are used botli by tlie Chinese and 
 the Indians which have a resemblance to each 
 other, not only in their sound, but in their signi- 
 fication. The Chinese call a slave Shungo; and 
 the Xaudowessie Indians, whose language, from 
 their little intercourse with the Europeans, is 
 least corrupted, term a dog Shiuigush [Shoan- 
 kah]. Tlie former denominate one species of their 
 tea Slioushong; the latter call their tobacco Shoil- 
 sas-sau [ChanshashaJ. Many other of the words 
 used by the Indians contain the syllables c7ie, 
 chaw, and chu, after the dialect of the Chinese."
 
 70 
 
 EXPLORER a AND PlOyEERS OF MIXXESOTA. 
 
 The comparison of languages lias become a rich 
 source of historical knowledge, yet many of the 
 analogies traced are fanciful. The remark of 
 Humbolt in •• Cosmos"' is worthy of remembrance. 
 "As the structure of American idioms appears 
 remarkably strange to nations speaking the mod- 
 em languages of AVestern Europe, and who readily 
 suffer themselves to be led away by some acci- 
 dental analogies of sound, theologians have gen- 
 erally believed that they could trace an affinity 
 with the Hebrew, Spanish colonists with the 
 Basque and the English, or French settlers \\'ith 
 Gaelic, Erse, or the Bas Breton. I one day met 
 on the coast of Peru, a Spanish naval officer and 
 an English whaling captain, the fonlicr of whom 
 declared that he had heard Basque spoken at Ta- 
 liiti; the other, Gaelic or Erse at the Sandwich 
 Islands." 
 
 Carver became very poor while in England, 
 and was a clerk in a lotterj-office. He died in 
 1780, and left a widow, two sons, and five daught- 
 ers, in Xew England, and also a child by another 
 wife that he had married in Great Britain 
 
 After his death a claim was urged for the land 
 upon which the capital of Minnesota now stands > 
 and for many miles adjacent. As there are still 
 many persons who believe that they have some 
 right through certain deeds purporting to be from 
 the heirs of Carver, it is a matter worthy of an 
 investigation. 
 
 Carver says nothing in his book of travels in re- 
 lation to a grant from the Dahkotahs. but after 
 he was buried, it was asserted that there was a 
 deed belonging to him in existence, conveying 
 valuable lands, and that said deed was executed 
 at the cave now in the eastern suburbs of Saint 
 Paul. 
 
 DEED PURPOKTING TO HAVE BEEN GIVEN AT 
 THE CAVE IN THE BLUFF BELOW ST. PAfL. 
 
 " To Jonathan Can-er. a cliief under the most 
 mighty and potent George the Third. King of the 
 English and other nations, the fame of whose 
 warriors has reached our ears, and has now been 
 fully told us by our good brother Jonathan, afore- 
 said, whom we rejoice to have come among us, 
 and bring us good news from his country. 
 
 "We, chiefs of the Naudowessies, who have 
 hereunto set our seals, do by these presents, for 
 ourselves and heirs forever, in return for the aid 
 and other good services done by the said Jona- 
 
 than to ourselves and alUes. give grant and con- 
 vey to him, the said Jonatlian, and to his heirs 
 and assigns forever, the whole of a certain tract 
 or territory of land, boimded as follows, -siz: from 
 the Falls of St. Anthony, running on the east 
 bank of the Mississippi, nearly soutlieast, as far 
 as Lake Pepin, where the Chippewa joins the 
 Mississippi, and from thence eastward five days 
 travel, accoimting twenty English miles per day; 
 and from thence again to the Falls of St. ^Uithony . 
 on a direct straight line. "We do for ourselves, 
 heirs, and assigns, forever give unto the said Jo- 
 nathan, his heirs and assigns, with all the trees, 
 rocks, and rivers therein, ^eser^^ng the sole lib- 
 erty of hunting and fishing on land not planted 
 or improved by the said Jonathan, his heirs and 
 assigns, to which we have affixed our respective 
 seals. 
 
 " At the Great Cave, May 1st. 1767. 
 
 "Signed, HAWXOPA'WJATIX. 
 
 OTOHTGXGOOMLISHEAW. " 
 
 The original deed was never exhibited by the 
 assignees of the heirs. By his English wife Car- 
 ver had one child, a daughter Martha, who was 
 cared for by Sir Richard and Lady Pearson. In 
 time she eloped and married a sailor. A mercan- 
 tile firm in London, thinking that money could 
 be made, induced the newly married couple, the 
 day after the wedding, to convey the grant to 
 them, with the understanding that they were to 
 have a tenth of the profits. 
 
 The merchants despatched an agent by the 
 name of Clarke to go to the Dahkotahs, and olj- 
 tain a new deed; but on his way he was murdered 
 in the state of Xew York. 
 
 In the year 179-t, the heirs of Carver"s Ameri- 
 can wife, in consideration of fifty thousand pounds 
 sterling, conveyed their interest in the Carver 
 grant to Edward Houghton of Vermont. In the 
 year 1806, Samuel Petere, who had been a tory 
 and an Episcopal minister dmiiig the Eevolu- 
 tionary war, alleges, in a petition to Congress, 
 that he had also purchased of the heirs oi Carver 
 then- rights to the grant. 
 
 Before the Senate committee, the same > ear, 
 he testified as follows: 
 
 "In the year 1774, I arrived there (London), 
 and met Captain Carver. In 1775. Carver had a 
 hearing before the king, praying his majesty's 
 approval of a deed of land dated May first, 1767,
 
 UNITED STATES REJECT CARVERS CLAIM. 
 
 71 
 
 and sold and granted to him by the Naudowissies. 
 The result was his majesty approved of the exer- 
 tions and bravery of Captain Carver among the 
 Indian nations, near the Falls of St. Anthony, in 
 the Mississippi, gave to said Carver 137n. 13s. 8(7. 
 sterling, and ordered a frigate to be prepared, 
 and a transport ship to carry one hundred and 
 .Pif ty men, under command of Captain Carver, with 
 four others as a committee, to sail the ne.xt .June 
 to Jfew Orleans, and then to ascend the Missis- 
 sippi, to take possession of said territory conveyed 
 to Captain Carver ; but the battle of Bunker Hill 
 prevented." 
 
 In 18:21, General Leavenworth, having made 
 inquiries of the Dahkotahs, in relation to the 
 alleged claim, addressed the following to the 
 commissioner of the land office : 
 
 " Sir:^Agreeably to your request, I have the 
 honour to inform you what I have understood 
 from the Inilians of the Sioux Nation, as well as 
 some facts within my own knowledge, as to what 
 is commonly termed Carver's Grant. The grant 
 purports to be made by the cliiefs of the Sioux 
 of the Plains, and one of the chiefs uses the sign 
 of a serpent, and the other of a turtle, purport- 
 ing that their names are derived from those ani- 
 mals. 
 
 ''The land lies on the east side of the Mississ- 
 ippi. The Inilians do not recognize or acknowl 
 edge the grant to be valid, and they among others 
 assign the following reasons; 
 
 "1. The Sioux of the Plains never owned a 
 foot of land on tlie east side of the Mississippi. 
 The Sioux Nation is divided into two grand di- 
 visions, viz: The Sioux of tlie Lake; or perhaps 
 more literally Sioux of the Biver, and Sioux of 
 the Plain. The former subsists by hunting and 
 fishing, and usually move from place to place by 
 water, in canoes, during the summer season, and 
 travel on the ice in tlie winter, when not on 
 their hunting excursions. The latter subsist en- 
 tirely by hunting, and have no canoes, nor do 
 they know but little about the use of them. They 
 reside in the large prairies west of the Mississippi, 
 and follow the buffalo, upon which tliey entirely 
 subsist; these are called Sioux of the Plain, and 
 never owned land east of the Mississippi. 
 
 " 2. The Indians say they have no knowledge 
 of any such chiefs as those who have signed the 
 grant to Carver, either amongst the Sioux of the 
 
 River or the Sioux of the Plain. They say that 
 if Captain Carver did ever obtain a deed or 
 grant, it was signed by some foolish young men 
 who were not cliiefs and who were not author- 
 ized to make a grant. Among the Sioux of the 
 River there are no such names. 
 
 " 3. They say the Indians never received any- 
 thing for the land, and they have no intention to 
 part with it without a consideration. From my 
 knowledge of the Indians. I am induced to think 
 they would not makesoconsideralile a grant, and 
 have it to go into full effect without receiving a 
 substantial consideration. 
 
 '• 4. They have, and ever have had, the pos- 
 session of the land, and intend to keep it. I 
 know that they are very particular in making 
 every person who wishes to cut timber on that 
 tract obtain their permission to do so, and to ob- 
 tain payment for it. In the month of May last, 
 some Frenchmen brougiitalarge raft of red cedar 
 timber out of the Chippewa River, which timber 
 was cut on the tract before mentioned. The In- 
 tlians at one of the villages on the Mississippi, 
 where the principal chief resided, compelled the 
 Frenchmen to land the raft, and would not per- 
 mit them to pass until they had received pay for 
 the timber, and the Frenchmen were compelled 
 to leave their raft with the Indians until they 
 went to Prairie du Chien, and obtained the nec- 
 essary articles, and made the payment required." 
 
 On the twenty-third of January, 1S23, the Com- 
 mittee of Public Lands made a report on the 
 claim to the Senate, which, to every disinterested 
 person, is entirely satisfactory. After statuig 
 the facts of the petition, the repoi-t contiiiues: 
 
 " The Rev. Samuel Peters, in his petition, fur- 
 ther states that Lefei, the present Emperor of 
 the Sioux and Xaudowessies, and Red AVing, a 
 sachem, the heirs and successors of the two grand 
 chiefs who signed the said deed to Captain Car- 
 ver, liave given satisfactory anil positive proof 
 that they allowed their ancestors' deed to be gen- 
 uine, good, and valid, and that Captain Carver's 
 heirs and assigns are the owners of said territory, 
 and may occupy it free of all molestation. 
 
 The committee have examined and considered 
 the claims thus exhibited by the petitionere, and 
 remark that the original deed is not produced, nor 
 any competent legal evidence offered of its execu- 
 tion ; nor is there any proof that the persons, who
 
 72 
 
 EXPLORERS AND PIONEERS OF MINNESOTA. 
 
 it is alleged made the deed, were the chiefs of 
 said tribe, nor that (if chiefs) they had authority 
 to grant and give away the land belonging to their 
 tribe. The paper annexed to the petition, as a 
 copy of said deed, has no subscribing witnesses ; 
 and it would seem impossible, at this remote pe- 
 riod, to ascertain the important fact, that the per- 
 sons who signed the ;leed comprehended and 
 imderstood the meaning and effect of their act. 
 
 " The want of proof as to these facts, would 
 interpose in the waj of the claimants insuperable 
 difficulties. But, in the opinion of the committee, 
 the claim is not such as the United States are 
 imder any obUgation to allow, even if the deed 
 were proved in legal form. 
 
 " The British government, before the time when 
 the alleged deed bears date, had deemed it pru- 
 dent and necessary for the preservation of peace 
 ■with the Indian tribes under their sovereignty, 
 protection and dominion, to prevent British sub- 
 jects from purchasing lands from the Indians, 
 and this rule of policy was made known and en- 
 forced by the proclamation of the king of Great 
 Britain, of seventh October, 1763, which contains 
 an e.xpress prohibition. 
 
 " Captain Carver, aware of the law, and know- 
 ing that such a contract could not vest the legal 
 title in him. applied to the British government to 
 ratify and confirm the Indian grant, and, though 
 it was competent for that government then to 
 confirm the grant, and vest the title of said land 
 
 in him, yet, from some cause, that government 
 did not think proper to do it. 
 
 " The territory has since become the property 
 of the United States, and an Indian grant not 
 good against the British government, would ap- 
 pear to be not bindhig unon the I'uited States 
 government. 
 
 '• What benefit the British government derived 
 from the services of Captain Carver, bj' his trav- 
 els and residence among the Indians, that gov- 
 ernment alone could determine, and alone could 
 judge what remuneration those services desers'ed. 
 
 •' One-fact appears from the declaration of Mr. 
 Peters, in his statement in writing, among the 
 papers exhibited, namely, that the British gov- 
 ernment did give Captam Carver the sum of one 
 thousand three hundred and seventy-five pounds 
 six shillings and eight pence sterling. To the 
 United States, however. Captain Cars'er rendered 
 no services which could be assumed as any equit- 
 able ground for the support of the petitioners' 
 claim. 
 
 '• The committee being of opinion that the 
 United States are not bound in law and equity to 
 confirm the said alleged Indian grant, recom- 
 mend the adoption of the resolution: 
 
 " ' Resolved, That the prayer of the petitioners 
 ought not to be granted."" " 
 
 Lord Palmerston stated in 1839, that no trace 
 could be found in the records of the British 
 office of state papers, sho\\ing any ratification of 
 the Carver grant.
 
 EXPLORATIONS liY LIEUTENANT Z. M. PIKE. 
 
 73 
 
 CHAPTER Xri. 
 
 EXPLOEATION BY THE FIRST UNITED STATES ARilY OFFICER, LIETJTENANT Z. JI. TTKE. 
 
 Trading Posts at the bejrinuing of Nineteenth Centurj-.— Sandy Lake Fort.— 
 Leech Lake Fort.— William Morrison, before Schoolcraft at Itasca Lake.— Divi- 
 sion of Northwest Territory.— Organization of Indiana, Michigan and Upper 
 Louisiana. — Notices of WmihI, Frazer, Fisher, C.imeron, Faribault — Early 
 Traders.— Pikes Council at Mouth of Minnesota River,— Grant for Military 
 Posts-— Encampment at Falls of St. Anthony.— Block House near Swan River. 
 —Visit to Sanily and Leech Lakes.— British Flag Shot at and Lowered.— 
 Thompson, Topographer of Northwest Company. — Pike at Dickson's Trading 
 Post —Returns to Mendota.— Fails to find Carver's Cave.— Conlerence with 
 Little Crow. —Cameron sells Liquor to Indians. 
 
 At the beginning of the present century, the 
 region now Itnown as ^linnesota, contained no 
 ■white men, except a few engaged in the fur trade. 
 In the treaty effected by Hon. Jolin Jay, Great 
 Britain agreed to withdraw her troops from all 
 posts and places within certain boundary lines, 
 on or before the first of June, 1796. but all Brit- 
 ish settlers and traders might remain for one 
 year, and enjoy all their former privileges, with- 
 out being obliged to be citizens of the United 
 States of America. 
 
 In the year 1800, the trading posts of Minnesota 
 were chiefly held l)y the Northwest Company, 
 and their chief traders resided at Sandy Lake, 
 Leech Lake, and Fon du Lac, on St. Louis liiver. 
 In the year 1794, this company built a stockade 
 one hundred feet square, on the southeast end of 
 Sandy Lake. There were bastions pierced for 
 small arms, in the southeast and in the northwest 
 corner. Tlie pickets which surrounded the post 
 were thirteen feet high. On the north side there 
 was a gate ten by nine feet ; on the west side, one 
 ■ six by five feet, and on the east side a third gate 
 six by five feet. Travelers entering the main 
 gate, saw on the left a one story building twenty 
 feet square, the residence of the superintendent, 
 and on the left of the east gate, a building twenty- 
 five by fifteen, the quarters of the voyagenrs. 
 Entering the western gate, on the left was a stone 
 house, twenty by thirty feet, and a house twenty 
 by forty feet, used as a store, and a workshop, 
 and a residence for clerks. On the soutli shcirc 
 of Leech Lake there was another establishment, 
 a little larger. The stockade was one hundred 
 
 and fifty feet square. The main building was 
 sixty by twenty-five feet, and one and a half story 
 In height, where resided the Director of the fur 
 trade of the Fond du Lac department of the North- 
 west Company. In the centre was a small store, 
 twelve and a half feet square, and near the main 
 gate was flagstaff fifty feet in height, from 
 which used to float the flag of Great Britain. 
 
 "William jSIorrison was, in 1802. the trader at 
 Leech Lake, and in 1804 he was at Elk Lake, the 
 source of the Mississippi, thirty-two years after- 
 wards named by Schoolcraft, Lake Itasca. 
 
 The entire force of the Northwest Company, 
 west of Lake Superior, in ISOo, consisted of three 
 accountants, nineteen clerks, two interisreters, 
 eighty-five canoe men, and with them were 
 twenty-nine Indian or half-breed women, and 
 about fifty children. 
 
 On the seventh of May, 1800, the Northwest 
 Territory, which included all of the western 
 country east of the Mississippi, was divided. 
 The portion not designated as Ohio, was organ- 
 ized as the Territory of Indiana. 
 
 On the twentieth of December, 1803, the 
 province of Louisiana, of which that portion of 
 Minnesota west of the Mississippi 'v\-as a part, 
 was officially delivered up by the French, wlio 
 had just obtained it from the Spaniards, accoi'd- 
 ing to treaty stipulations. 
 
 To the transfer of Louisiana by France, after 
 twenty days" possession, Spain at first objected; 
 but in 1804 withdrew all opposition. 
 
 President Jefferson now deemed it an object 
 of paramount importance for the L'nited States 
 to explore the country so recently acquired, and 
 make the acquaintance of the tribes residing 
 therein ; and steps were taken for an expedition 
 to the upper Mississippi. 
 
 Early in March, 1804, Captain Stoddard, of the 
 United States army, arrived at St. Louis, the 
 agent of the I'rcnch Republic, to receive from
 
 74 
 
 EXl'LOKEKS ASD FIOSEEUH OF MlSyE^sUTA. 
 
 the Spanish aiitho:ities the possession of the 
 coiuitiy, which he immediately transferred to the 
 United States. 
 
 As tlie old settlers, on the tenth of March, saw 
 the ancient flag of Spain displacetl by that of the 
 United States, the tears coursed down their 
 cheeks. 
 
 On the twentieth of the same month, the terri- 
 tory of Upper Lonisiana was constituted, com- 
 prismg the present states of Arkansas, Missouri, 
 Iowa, and a large portion of Minnesota. 
 
 On the eleventh of January, 1805, the terri- 
 tory of Michigan was organized. 
 
 The first ^Vmerican oflScer who \'isited Minne- 
 sota, on business of a public nature, was one who 
 was an ornament to his profession, and in energy 
 and endurance a true representative of the citi- 
 zens of the United States. "\Ve refer to the 
 gallant Zebulon Montgomery Pike, a native of 
 Xew Jersey, who afterwards fell m battle at 
 York, Upper Canada, and whose loss was justly 
 mourned by the whole nation. 
 
 When a young lieutenant, he was ordered by 
 General Wilkinson to ^'isit the region now known 
 as Minnesota, and exi>el the British traders who 
 were found violating the laws of the United 
 States, and form alliances with the Indians. 
 AVith only a few common soldiers, he was obliged 
 to do the work of several men. At times he 
 would precede his party for miles to recomioitre, 
 and then he would do the duty of hunter. 
 
 During the day he would perform the part of 
 surveyor, geologist, and astronomer, and at night, 
 though hiniirr)- and fatigued, his lofty enthu- 
 siasm kept him awake until he copied the notes, 
 and plotted the courses of the day. 
 
 On the 4tli day of September, 1805, Pike ar- 
 rived at Prairie du Chien, from St. Louis, and 
 was poUtely treated by three traders, all born un- 
 der the flag of the United States. One was named 
 Wood, another Frazer, a native of Vermont, 
 who, when a 5 oiuig man became a clerk of one 
 Blakely, of Montreal, and tlius became a fur 
 liader. The third was Henry Fisher, a captain 
 of tlie ^lilitia, and Justice of tlie Peace, wliose 
 wife was a daughter of Goutier de A'erville. 
 Fisiher was said to have been a nephew of Pres- 
 dent ;Monroe, and later in life traded at the 
 . sources of the Minnesota. One of liis daughters 
 was tlie molliev of Josepli Rolette, Jr., a mem- 
 
 ber of the early Mmnesota Legislative assem- 
 bUes. On tlie eighth of the month Lieutenant 
 Pike left Prairie du Chien, in two batteaux, with 
 Sergeant Henry Kennerman, Corporals William 
 E. Mack and Samuel Bradley, and ten privates. 
 
 At La Crosse, Frazer, of Prairie du Chien, 
 overtook him, and at Sandy point of Lake Pepin 
 he found a trader, a Scotchman by the name of 
 Murdoch Cameron, with his son, and a yomig 
 man named John Rudsdell. On the twonty- 
 fii-st he breakfasted with the Kaposia baud of 
 Sioux, who then dwelt at the marsh below Day- 
 ton's Bluff, a few miles below St. Paul. The 
 same day he passed three miles from Mendota 
 the encampment of J. B. Faribault, a trader and 
 native of Lower Canada, tlieii about thirty years 
 of age, in which vicinity lie continued for more 
 than fifty years. He married Pelagie the daugh- 
 ter of Francis Kinnie by an Indian woman, 
 and his eldest son. Alexander, bom soon after 
 Pike's visit, was the founder of the to^^■n of 
 Faribault. 
 
 Arriving at the confluence of the Minnesota 
 and the Mississippi Rivers, Pike and his soldiers 
 encamped on the Northeast pouit of the island 
 which still bears his name. The next day was 
 Sunday, and he visited Cameron, at his trading 
 post on the Minnesota River, a short distance 
 above Mendota. 
 
 On Jilonday, the 23d of September, at noon, 
 he held a Council with the Sioux, under a cover- 
 ing made by suspending sails, and gave an ad- 
 mirable talk, a portion of which was as follows : 
 , " Brothers, I am happy to meet you here, at 
 this council tire wliicli your father has sent me to 
 kindle, and to take you by the hands, as our chil- 
 dren. We hartng but lately acquired from the 
 Spanish, the extensive territory of Louisiana, our 
 general has thought proper to send out a number 
 of his warriors to visit all his red children ; to tell 
 them his will, and to hear what request they may 
 have to make of tlieir father. I am happy the 
 choice fell on me to come this road, as I find 
 my brothere, the Sioux, ready to listen to my 
 words. 
 
 " Brothers, it is the wish of our government to 
 establish military posts on the Upper Mississippi, 
 at such places as might be thought expedient. I 
 have, therefore, examined the country, and have 
 pitched on the mouth of the river St. Croix, this
 
 GRANT OF LAND FROM THE HIOUX. 
 
 place, and the Falls of 8t. Anthony ; I therefore 
 wish you to grant to the United States, nine 
 miles square, at St. Croix, and at this place, from 
 a league below the confluence of the St. Peter's 
 and Mississippi, to a league above St. Anthony, 
 extending three leagues ou each side of the river ; 
 and as we are a people who are accustomed to 
 have all our acts \mtten down, m order to have 
 them handed to our children, I have drawn up a 
 form of an agreement, ^\hich we will both sign, 
 in the presence of the traders now present. After 
 we know the terms, we will fill it up, and have it 
 read and interpreted to you. 
 
 '• Brothers, those posts are intended as a bene- 
 fit to you. The old chiefs now present mnst see 
 that their situation improves by a communication 
 with the whites. It is the intention of the Umted 
 States to establish at those posts factories, in 
 which the Indians may procure all their things 
 at a cheaper and better rate than they do now, or 
 than your traders can afford to sell them to you, 
 as they aie single men, who come from far in 
 small boats; but your fathers are many and 
 strong, and will come with a strong arm, in large 
 boats. There will also be chiefs here, who can 
 attend to the wants of their brothers, without 
 their sending or going all the way to St. Louis, 
 and will see the traders that go up your rivers, 
 and know that they are good men. * * * * 
 
 " Brothers, I now present you with some of 
 your father's tobacco, and some other trifling 
 things, as a memorandum of my good will, and 
 before my departure I will give you some liquor 
 to clear your throats." 
 
 The traders, Cameron and Frazer, sat with 
 Pike. His interpr«ter was Pierre liosseau. 
 Among the Chiefs present were Le Petit Cor- 
 beau (Little Crow), and Way-ago Enagee, and 
 L'Orignal Leve or Rising Moose. It was vnth 
 difficulty that the chiefs signed the following 
 agreement; not that they objected to the lan- 
 guage, but because they thought their word 
 should be taken, without any mark ; but Pike 
 overcame their objection, by saying that he wished 
 them to sign it on his account. 
 
 " Whereas, at a conference held between the 
 L^nited States of America and the Sioux na- 
 tion of Indians, Lieutenant Z. M. Pike, of the 
 army of the I'nited States, and the chiefs and 
 warriors of said tribe, have agreed to the follow- 
 
 uig articles, which, when ratified and approved of 
 by the proper authority, shall be binding on both 
 parties : 
 
 Akt. 1. That the Sioux nation grant unto the 
 United States, for the purpose of establishment 
 of military posts, nme miles square, at the mouth 
 of the St. Croix, also from below the confluence 
 of the Mississipi)i and St. Peter's, up the Missis- 
 sippi to include the Falls of St. Anthony, extend- 
 ing nine miles on each side of the river ; that the 
 Sioux Nation grants to the United States the full 
 sovereignty and power over said district forever. 
 Art. 2. That in consideration of the above 
 grants, the United States shall pay [filled up by 
 the Senate with 2,000 dollars]. 
 
 Art. 3. The United States promise, on their 
 part, to permit the Sioux to pass and repass, hunt, 
 or make other use of the said districts, as they 
 have formerly done, w'ithout any other exception 
 than those specified iu article first. 
 
 In testimony whereof, we, the undersigned, 
 have hereunto set our hands and seals, at the 
 mouth of the river St. Peter's, ou the 23d day of 
 September, 1805. 
 
 Z. M. PIKE, [L. S.] 
 1st Lieutenant and agent at the above conference. 
 
 his 
 
 LE PETIT CORBEAU, X [L. S.] 
 
 mark 
 
 his 
 
 WAY-AGO ENAGEE. ^ [L. S.] 
 
 mark " 
 
 The following entries from Pike's Journal, des- 
 criptive of the region around the city of Miiuie- 
 apolis. seventy-five years ago, are worthy of pres- 
 ervation: 
 
 "Sept. 26th, nursday. — Embarked at the usual 
 hour, and after much labor in passing through 
 the rapids, arrived at the foot of the Falls about 
 three or four o'clock ; unloaded my boat, and had 
 the principal part of her cargo carried over the 
 portage. With the other boat, however, fidl 
 loaded, they were not able to get ovei' the last 
 shoot, and encamped about six yards below. I 
 pitched my tent and encamped above the shoot. 
 The rapids mentioned m this day's march, might 
 properly be called a continuation of the Falls of 
 St. Anthony, for they are e(|ually entitled to this 
 appellation, with the Falls of the Delaware and
 
 76 
 
 EXPLOBEBS AND PIONEEBS OF MIKXESOTA. 
 
 Susquehanna. Killed one deer. Distance nine 
 
 miles 
 
 Sept. 27th, Friday. Brought over the residue 
 of my loading this morning. Two men arrived 
 from Mr. Frazer. on St. Peters, for my dispatches. 
 Tlus business, closing and sealing, appeared like 
 a last adieu to tlie civilized world. Sent a large 
 packet to the General, and a letter to ilrs. Pike, 
 with a short note to ilr. Frazer. Two young 
 Indians brought my flag across by land, who ar- 
 rived yesterday, just as we came in sight of the 
 Fall. I made them a present for their punctual- 
 ity and expedition, and the danger they were ex- 
 posed to from the journey. Carried our boats out 
 of the river, as far as the bottom of the hiU. 
 
 Sept. 2Sth, Sat urdciy. — Brought my barge over, 
 and put her in the river above the Falls. "RTiile 
 we were engaged with her three-fourths miles 
 from camp, seven Intlians painted black, appeared 
 on the heights. We had left our guns at the 
 camp and were entirely defenceless. It occurred 
 tome that they were the small party of Sioux who 
 were obstinate, and would go to war. when the 
 other part of the bands came in ; these they 
 proved to be ; they were better armed than any I 
 had ever seen ; having guns, bows, arrows, clubs, 
 spears, and some of them even a case of pistols. 
 I was at that time giving my men a dram ; and 
 givmg the cup of liquor to the first, he drank it 
 off ; but I was more cautious with the remainder. 
 I sent my interpreter to camp with them, to wait 
 my coming ; ■wishing to purchase one of their war 
 clubs, it being made of elk horn, and decorated 
 ■with inlaid work. This and a set of bows and 
 arrows I ■wished to get as a curiosity. But the 
 liquor I had given him began to operate, he came 
 back for me, but refusing to go till I brought my 
 boat, he returned, and (I suppose being offended) 
 borrowed a canoe and crossed the river. In the 
 afternoon got the other boat near the top of the 
 hill, when the props gave way, and she sUd aU the 
 way do^wn to the bottom, but fortunately -without 
 injuring any person. It raining very hard, we 
 left her. Killed one goose and a racoon. 
 
 Sept. 29th, Sunday.— I killed a remarkably 
 large racoon. Got our large boat over the port- 
 age, and put her in the river, at the upper land- 
 ing ; this night the men gave suflicieut proof of 
 their fatigue, by all thro\\ing themselves down to 
 sleep, preferruig rest to supper. This day I had 
 
 but fifteen men out of twenty-two ; the others 
 were sick. This voyage could have been per- 
 formed with great convenience, if we had taken 
 our departure in June. But the proper time 
 would be to leave the Illinois as soon as the ice 
 would permit, -when the river would be of a good 
 height. 
 
 Sept. 30th. Monday. — Loaded my boat, moved 
 over and encamped on the Island. The large boats 
 loading likewise, we went over and put on board. 
 In the mean time, I took a siurvey of the Falls, 
 Portage, etc. If it be possible to pass the Falls 
 in high water, of which I am doubtful, it must 
 be on the East side, about thirty yards from 
 shore ; as there are three layers of rocks, one be- 
 low the other. The pitch off of either, is not 
 more than five feet ; but of this I can say more 
 on my return. 
 
 On the tenth of October, the expedition 
 reached some arge island below Sauk Eapids, 
 where in 1797. Porlier and Joseph Ken\ille had 
 wintered. Six days after this, he reached the 
 Rapids in Morrison coimty, which still bears his 
 name, and he writes: ''When we art)se in the 
 moniing, fomid that snow had fallen during the 
 night, the ground was covered and it continued 
 to snow. This, indeed, was but poor encourage- 
 ment for attacking the Rapids, in which we were 
 certain to wade to our necks. I was determined, 
 however, if possible to make la ri\iere de Cor- 
 beau, [Crow Wing River], the highest point was 
 made by traders in their bark canoes. We em- 
 barked, and after four liom-s work, became so 
 benumbed with cold that our limbs were perfectly 
 useless. We put to shore on the opposite side of 
 the river, about two-thirds of the way up the 
 rapids. Built a large fire ; and then discovered 
 that our boats ■were nearly half full of water; 
 both having sprung large leaks so as to oblige me 
 to keep three hands bailing. My sergeant (Ken- 
 nerman) one of the stoutest men I ever knew, 
 broke a blood-vessel and vomited nearly two 
 quarts of blood. One of my corporals (Bradley) 
 also evacuated nearly a pint of blood, ■when he 
 attempted to void his urine. These unhappy 
 circumstances, La addition to the inability of 
 four other men wiiom we were obliged to leave 
 on shore, cominced me, that if I had no regard 
 for my own health and constitution. I should 
 have some for those poor fellows, who were kill -
 
 PIKE'S BLOCK MOUSE NEAB SWAN BIVER. 
 
 77 
 
 ing themselves to obey my orders. After we had 
 breakfast and refreshed ourselves, we went do\\n 
 to our boats on the rocks, where I was obliged to 
 leave them. I then informed my men that we 
 would return to the camp and there leave some 
 of the party and our large boats. Tliis informa- 
 tion was pleasing, and the attempt to reach the 
 camp soon accomplished. My reasons for this 
 step have partly been already stated. The nec- 
 essity of unloading and refitting my boats, the 
 beauty and convenience of tlie spot for building 
 huts, the fine pine trees for peroques, and the 
 quantity of game, were additional inducements. 
 We immediately unloaded our boats and secured 
 their cargoes. In the evening I went out upon a 
 small, but beautiful creek, which emptied into 
 the Falls, for the purpose of selecting pine trees 
 to make canoes. Saw five deer, and killed one 
 buck weighing one hundred and thirty-seven 
 pounds. By my leaving men at this place, and 
 from the great quantities of game in its vicinity, 
 I was ensured plenty of provision for my return 
 voyage. In the party left behind was one hunter, 
 to be continually employed, who would keep our 
 stock of salt provisions good. Distance two 
 hinidred and tliirty-three and a half miles above 
 the Falls of St. Anthony. 
 
 Having left his large boats and some soldiers 
 at this point, he proceeded to the vicinity of 
 Swan Kiver where he erected a block house, and 
 on the thirty-first of October he writes: "En- 
 closed my little work completely with pickets. 
 Hauled up my two boats and turned tliem over 
 on each side of the gateways ; by which means 
 a defence was made to the river, and had it not 
 been for various political reasons, I would have 
 laughed at tlie attack of eight hundred or a 
 thousand savages, if all my party were within. 
 For. except accidents, it would only have afford- 
 ed amusement, the Indians having no idea of 
 taking a place by storm. Found myself power- 
 fully attacked with the fantastics of tlie brain, 
 called ennui, at the mention of wliicli I had 
 hitherto scoffed ; but my books being packed up, 
 I was like a person entranced, and coidd easily 
 conceive why so many persons who have been 
 confined to remote places, acquire the habit of 
 drinking to excess, and many otlier vicious prac- 
 tices, wliicli have been adopted merely to pass 
 time. 
 
 Dm-ing the next month he hunted the buffalo 
 which were then in that vicinity. On the third 
 of December he received a visit from Eobert 
 Dickson, afterwards noted in the history of the 
 country, who was then trading about sixty mUes 
 belovi', on the Mississippi. 
 
 On the tenth of December with some sleds he 
 continued his journey northward, and on the last 
 day of the year passed Pine River. On the third 
 of January, 1800, he reached tlie trading post at 
 Eed Cedar, now Cass Lake, and was quite indig- 
 nant at finding the British flag floating from the 
 staff. The night after this his tent caught on 
 fire, and he lost some valuable and necessary 
 clothing. On the evening of the eighth he reach- 
 ed Sandy Lake and was hospitably received by 
 Grant, the trader in charge. lie writes . 
 
 "Jan. 9th, Tlmrsday. — Marched the corporal 
 early, in order that our men should receive 
 assurance of our safety and success. He carried 
 with him a small keg of spirits, a present from 
 Mr. Grant. The establishment of this place was 
 formed twelve years since, by the Xortli-west 
 Company, and was formerly under the charge of 
 a Mr. Charles Brusky. It has attained at present 
 such regtdarity, as to permit the superintendent 
 to live tolerably comfortable. They have liorses 
 they procured from Red River, of the Indians; 
 raise plenty of Irish potatoes, catch pike, suckers, 
 pickerel, and white fish in abundance. They 
 have also beaver, deer, and moose ; but the pro- 
 vision they chiefly depend upon is wild oats, of 
 which they purchase great quantities from the 
 savages, giving at the rate of about one dollar 
 and a half per biisliel. But fl lur, pork, and salt, 
 are almost interdicted to persons not principals 
 in the trade. Flour sells at half a dollar ; salt a 
 dollar: pork eighty cents; sugar half u dollar; 
 and tea foiu' dollars and fifty cents per pound. 
 The sugar is obtained from the Indians, and is 
 made from the maple tree." 
 
 He remained at Sandy Lake ten days, and on 
 the last day two men of the Northwest Company 
 arrived with letters from Fon du Lac Superior, 
 one of which was from Athapuscow, and had 
 been since May on the route. 
 
 On the twentieth of January began his journey 
 to Leech Lake, which he reached on the lirst of 
 February, and was hospitably received by Hugh
 
 EXPLORERS AND PIONEERS OF MINNESOTA. 
 
 McGillis, tlie head of the Xorthwest Company at 
 this post. 
 
 A y\r. ,\iulers(iii, in the employ of Robert 
 ■ Difkson. was residhig at tlie west end of the lake. 
 "AVliile here he hoisted the American flag in the 
 fort. The English yacht still flying at the top of 
 tlie nagstatr. lie directed the Indians and his sol- 
 diers to sluHit at it. They soon Viroke the iron 
 pin to which it was fastened, and it fell to the 
 gronnd. He was informed b\ a venerable old 
 Ojibway chief, called Sweet, that the Sioux dwelt 
 there when he was a youth. On the tenth of 
 February, at ten o'clock, he left Leech Lake with 
 Corporal Bradley, the trader MctJillis and two of 
 liis men. and at sunset arrived at lied Cedar, now 
 Cass Lake. At this place, iu 1798, Thompson, 
 emi)loyed by the Northwest Company for three 
 \ears, in topographical surveys, made some ob- 
 servations, lie believed that a line from the 
 Lake of the Woods would touch the sources of 
 the Mississippi. Pike, at this point, was very 
 kindly treated by a Canadian named Koy, and his 
 Ojibway squaw. On his return home, he reached 
 Clear River on the seventh of April, where he 
 fomid his canoe and men, and at night was at 
 Grand Rapids, Dickson's trading post. He talked 
 until fom- o'clock the next morning with this 
 person and another trader named Porlier, He 
 forbade while there, the traders (ireignor [Grig- 
 non] and La Jennesse, to sell any more liquor to 
 Indians, who had become veiy dnuiken and xni- 
 riily. On the tenth he again reached the Falls 
 of Saint Anthon.y. He writes in his journal as 
 follows : 
 
 Ai'iuL nth, Frldny. — Although it snowed very 
 hard we brought over both boats, and descended 
 the river to the island at the entrance of the St, 
 Peter's. I sent to the chiefs and informed them 
 I had something to communicate to them. The 
 Fits de Pincho immediately waited on me, and 
 informed me that he would provide a place for 
 the pmpose. About sundown I was sent for and 
 introduced into the coimcil-house, where I found 
 a great many chiefs of tlie Sussitongs, Gens de 
 Feuilles, and the Gens du Lac. The Yanctongs 
 had not yet come down. They were all awaiting 
 for my arri^•al. There were about one hundred 
 lodges, or six hundred people; we were saluted 
 on our crossing the river with ball as usual. The 
 council-house was two large lodges, capable of 
 
 containing three hundred men. In the upper 
 were forty chiefs, and as many pipes set against 
 the poles, alongside of which I had the Santeur's 
 pipes arranged. I then informed them in short 
 detail, of my transactions with the Santeure; but 
 my interpreters were not capable of making them- 
 selves understood. I was therefore obliged to 
 omit mentioning every particular relative to the 
 rascal who fired on my sentinel, and of the scoun- 
 drel who broke the Fols Avoins' canoes, and 
 threatened my life; the interpreters, however, in- 
 formed them that I wanted some of their princi- 
 pal chiefs to go to St. Louis; and that those who 
 thought proper might descend to the prairie, 
 where we would give them more explicit infor- 
 mation. They all smoked out of the Santeur's 
 pipe, excepting three, who were painted black, 
 and were some of those who lost their relations 
 last winter. I invited the Fils de Pinchow, and 
 the son of the Killeur Rouge, to come over and 
 sup with me; when Mr. Dickson and myself en- 
 deavored to explain what I intended to have said 
 to them, could 1 have made myself imderstood; 
 that at the prairie we \\ould have all things ex- 
 plained; that I \\as desirous of making a liftter 
 report of them than Captain Lewis could do from 
 their treatment of him. The former of those 
 savages was the person who remained around my 
 post all last winter, and treated my men so well; 
 they endeavored to excuse their people. 
 
 "April 12th, Saturday. — Embarked early. Al- 
 though my interpreter had been frequently up the 
 river, he could not tell me where the cave (spoken 
 of by Carver) could be found ; we carefully 
 sought fen- it, but in vain. At the Indian village, 
 a few miles below St. I'eter's, we were about to 
 pass a few lodges, but on receiving a very partic- 
 ular invitation to come on shore, we landed, and 
 were received in a lodge kindly; they presented 
 us sugar, I gave the proprietor a dram, and was 
 about to depart when he demanded a kettle of 
 liquor; on being refused, and after I had left the 
 shore, he told me he did not like the arrange- 
 ments, and that he would go to war this summer, 
 I directed the interpreter to tell him that if I 
 returned to St, Peter's with the troojis, I woidd 
 settle that affair with him. On our arrival at the 
 St. Croix, I found the Pettit Corbeau with his 
 people, and Messrs. Frazer and 'Wood. We had 
 a conference, when the Pettit Corbeau made
 
 CAMEBON SELLS LIQUOR TO INDIANS. 
 
 79 
 
 many apologies for the misconduct of his people; 
 he represented to us the different maimers in 
 which the young warriors had been inducing liiin 
 to go to war; tliat he had been mucli blamed for 
 dismissing his party last fall; but that he was de- 
 termined to adhere as far as lay in his power to 
 our instructions; that he thought it most prudent 
 to remain here and restrain the warriors. He 
 then presented me with a beaver robe and pipe, 
 and his message to the general. Tliat he was 
 determined to preserve peace, and make tlie road 
 clear; also a remembrance of his promised medal. 
 I made a reply, calculated to confirm him in his 
 good intentions, and assured him that he should 
 not be the less remembered by his father, althougli 
 not present. I was informed that, notwithstand- 
 ing the instruction of his license, and my par- 
 ticular request, Murdoch Cameron liad taken 
 liquor and sold it to the Indians on the river St. 
 Peter's, and that his partner below had been 
 
 equally imprudent. I pledged myself to prose- 
 cute them according to law; for they have been 
 the occasion of great confusion, and of much 
 injury to the other traders. Tliis day met a 
 canoe of ^Mr. Dickson's loaded with provisions, 
 imder the charge of ilr. Anderson, brother 'of 
 the Mr. ^Vnder.son at Leecli Lake. lie politely 
 offered me any provision he had on board (for 
 which Mr. Dickson had given me an order), but 
 not now being in want, I did not accept of any. 
 This day, for the first time, I observed the trees 
 beginning to bud, and indeed the climate seemed 
 to have changed very materially since we passed 
 the Falls of St. Anthony." 
 
 Tlie strife of political parties growing out of 
 the French Revolution, and the declaration of 
 war against Great Britahi in tlie year 1812, ])ost- 
 poiied tlie military occupation of the Upjier 
 Mississippi by the United States of America, for 
 several vears.
 
 80 
 
 EXPLOBERS AND PIONEEBS OF MINNESOTA. 
 
 CIL^TEU xin. 
 
 TKE TAILET OF THE UPPER MISSISSIPPI DrKtN'G SECOXD WAPv WITH GREAT BRITAIN. 
 
 Dicteon and other tn-l^rs hoslil.?— Americ-in stockade at Prairie d\i Chien— Fort 
 Shelby siirreod.Ts to U. Col. William McKay -Loyal traders Provencallc and 
 Faribault— Rising Moose or One-eyed Sioux— Capt. Bulger e^■acmltes Fort 
 McKay— IntcUi:;enco of Peace. 
 
 Notwithstanding the professions of friendship 
 made to Pike, in the second war with Great Brit- 
 ain, Dickson and others were found bearing arms 
 against the Ecpublic. 
 
 A year after Pike left Prairie du Chien, it was 
 e^^dent, that under some secret influence, the 
 Indian tribes were combining against the United 
 States. In the year 1809, Nicholas Jarrotdeelared 
 that the British traders were furnishing the sav- 
 ages mth guns for hostile purposes. On the first 
 of May, 1812. two Indians were apprehended at 
 Chicago, who were on their way to meet Dickson 
 at Green Bay. They had taken the precaution 
 to liide letters in their moccasins, and bm-y them 
 in the ground, and were allowed to proceed after 
 a brief detentitm. Frazer, of Prairie du Chien. 
 who had been with Pike at the Council at tlie 
 mouth of the Minnesota Elver, was at the port- 
 age of tlie 'Wisconsin when the Indians deUvered 
 these letters, which stated that tlie British flag 
 woidd soon be flying again at ilackiuaw. At 
 Green Bay, the celebrated warrior. Black Hawk, 
 was placed in charge of the Indians who were to 
 aid the British. Tlie American troops at Macki- 
 naw were obliged, on the seventeenth of July. 
 1812, to capitulate without firing a single gim. 
 One who was made prisoner, writes from Detroit 
 to the Secretary of War : 
 
 " The persons who commanded the Indians are 
 Kobert Dickson. Indian trader, and John Askin. 
 Jr.. Indian agent, and his son. The latter two 
 were painted and dressed after the manner 
 of the Indians. Those wlio commanded the 
 Canadians are John Johnson. Crawford, Pothier, 
 Armitinger, La Croix, Bolette, Franks, Living- 
 ston, and other traders, some of whom were lately 
 concerned in smuggling British goods into the 
 
 Indian country, and, in conjunction with others, 
 have been using their utmost efforts, several 
 months before the declaration of war, to excite 
 the Indians to take np arms. The least resist- 
 ance from the fort would have been attended 
 ^\-ith the destruction of all the persons who fell 
 mto the hands of the British, as I have been as- 
 sured by some of the British traders," 
 
 On the first of May, 1814, Governor Clark, 
 with two hundred men, left St. Louis, to build a 
 fort at the junction of the Wisconsm and Missis- 
 sippi. Twenty days before he arrived at Prairie 
 du Chien, l)ickson had started for Mackinaw 
 with a band of Dahkotahs and Winnebagoes. 
 The place was left m command of Captain Deace 
 and the Mackinaw Fencibles. The Dahkotahs 
 refusing to co-operate, when the Americans made 
 their appearjince they fled. The Americans took 
 possession of the old ^tlackinaw house, in wliieh 
 they found nine or ten trunks of papers belong- 
 ing to Dickson. From one they took the follow- 
 ing extract : 
 
 '■ • Arrived, from below, a few 'Winnebagoes 
 with scalps. Gave tliem tobacco, six pomids 
 powder and six pounds ball.' " 
 
 A fort was immediately commenced on the 
 site of the old residence of the late H. L. Dous- 
 man, which was composed of two block-houses 
 m the angles, and another on the bank of the 
 river, with a subterranean communication. In 
 honor of the governor of Kentucky it was named 
 " Shelby." 
 
 The fort was in charge of Lieutenant Perkins, 
 and sixty rank and file, and two gunboats, each 
 of whidi carried a six-pounder ; and several 
 howitzers were commanded by Captains Yeiser, 
 Sullixaii, and Aid-de-camp Kennerly. 
 
 Tlie traders at Mackinaw, learning that the 
 
 j Americans had built a fort at the Prairie, and 
 
 knowing that as long as they held possession 
 
 they would be cut oH from the trade with the
 
 LOYALTY OF FABIBAULT AND THE ONE-EYED SIOUX. 
 
 81 
 
 Dabkotabs, immediately raised an expedition to 
 capture tbe garrison. 
 
 The captain was an old trader by the name of 
 McKay, and nnder bim was a sergeant of ar- 
 tillery, witb a brass six-ponnder, and three or 
 four volunteer companies of Canadian voyageurs, 
 officered by Captains Griguon, Kolette and An- 
 derson, with Lieutenants Brisbois and Duncan 
 Graham, all dressed in red coats, with a number 
 of Indians. 
 
 The Americans had scarcely completed their 
 rude fortification, before the British force, guid- 
 ed by Joseph Rolette, Sr., descended in canoes 
 to a point on the "Wisconsin, several miles from 
 the Prairie, to which tliey marched in battle 
 array. McKay sent a flag to tbe Fort demanding 
 a surrender. Lieutenant Perkins replied tliat he 
 would defend it to the last. 
 
 A fierce encounter took place, in which the 
 Americans were worsted. The officer was 
 wounded, several men were killed and one of 
 their boats captured, so that it became necessary 
 to retreat to St. Louis. Fort Shelby after its 
 capture, was called Fort McKay. 
 
 Among the traders a few remained loyal, es- 
 pecially Provencalle and J. B. Faribault, traders 
 among the Sioux. Faribault was a prisoner 
 among the British at the time Lieut. Col. "VVm. 
 McKay was preparing to attack Fort Shelby, and 
 he refused to perform any service, Faribault's 
 wife, who was at Prairie du Cliien, nfit knowing 
 that her husband was a jsrisoner in the hands of 
 the advancing foe, fled v/ith others to the Sioux 
 village, where is now the city of Winona. Fari- 
 bault was at length released on parole and re- 
 turned to his trading post. 
 
 Pike writes of his flag, that "being in doubt 
 
 whether it had been stolen by the Indians, or had 
 
 fallen overboaid and floated away, I sent for my 
 
 friend the Orignal Leve."' He also calls the 
 
 Chief, Rising Moose, and gives his Sioux name 
 
 Tahamie. He was one of those, who in 1805, 
 
 signed the agreement, to siu'render land at the 
 
 junction of the Miimesota and Mississippi Rivers 
 
 to the United States. He had but one eye, 
 
 having lost the other when a boy, belonged to 
 
 the Wapasha band of the Sioux, and proved 
 
 true to the flag which had waved on the day be 
 
 sat in council with Pike. 
 
 In the fall of 1814, with another of the same 
 6 
 
 nation, he ascended the Jlissouri under the pro- 
 tection of the distinguished trader, Manual Lisa, 
 as far as the Au Jacques or James River, and 
 from thence struck across the country, enlisting 
 the Sioux in favour of the United States, and at 
 length arrived at Prairie du Chien. On his arri- 
 val, Dickson accosted him, and inquired from 
 whence he came, and what was his business ; at 
 tbe same time rudely snatching his bundle from 
 his shoulder, and searching for letters. The 
 "one-eyed warrior" told him that he was from 
 St. Louis, and that he liad promised the white 
 chiefs there that he would go to Prairie du Cluen, 
 and that he had kept his promise 
 
 Dickson then placed him in confinement in 
 Fort McKay, as the garrison was called by the 
 British, and ordered him to divulge what infor- 
 mation he possessed, or he would put him to 
 death. But the faithful fellow said lie would 
 impart nothing, and that he was ready for death 
 if he wished to kill him. Finding that confine- 
 ment had no effect, Dickson at last liberated him. 
 He then left, and visited the bands of Sioux on 
 the Upper Alississippi, with which be passed the 
 winter. When he returned in the spring, Dick- 
 son had gone to Mackinaw, and Capt. A. Bulger, 
 of the Royal Xew Foundland Regiment, was in 
 command of tbe fort. 
 
 On tbe twenty-third of May, 1815, Capt. Bul- 
 ger, wrote from Fort McKay to Gov. Clark at St. 
 Louis : " Official intelligence of peace reached 
 me yesterday. I propose evacuating the fort, 
 taldng with me the guns captured in the fort. * 
 * * * I have not the smallest hesitation in 
 declaring my decided opinion, that the presence 
 of a detachment of British and United States 
 troops at the same time, would be the means of 
 embroiling one party or the other in a fresh rup- 
 ture with the Indians, which I presume it is the 
 wish of both governments to avoid." 
 
 The next month the " One-Eyed Sioux," with 
 three other Indians and a squaw, visited St. Louis, 
 and be informed Gov. Clark, that the British 
 commander left the cannons in the fort when he 
 evacuated, but in a day or two came back, took 
 the cannons, and fired the fort with the American 
 flag flying, but that he rushed in and saved it 
 from being burned. From this time, the British 
 flag ceased to float m the Valley of the Missis- 
 sippi.
 
 82 
 
 EXPLOBEES AND PIONEERS OF MINNESOTA. 
 
 CHAPTER XIV. 
 
 LOXG'S expedition, a. D. i817, in a six-oared skiff, to TETE falls of saint ANTHONY. 
 
 Carver s Grandsons.— Roque, Sioui Interpreter.— Wapashuw's Village and its 
 Vicinity.— X Siicred Dance.— Indian Village Below Daj-ton's Bluff.— Carver's 
 Cave.— Fountain Cave.— Falls of St. Anthony Described.— Sit« or a Fort. 
 
 Major Stephen K. Long, of the Engineer Corps 
 of the United States Army, learning that there 
 was little or no danger to be apprehended from 
 the Indians, determined to ascend to the Falls of 
 Saint Anthony, in a six-oared skiff presented to 
 him by Governor Clark, of Saint Louis. His 
 party consisted of a Mr. Hempstead, a native of 
 Kew London, Connecticut, who had been living 
 at Prairie du Chien, seven soldiers, and a half- 
 breed interpreter, named Koque. A bark canoe 
 accompanied them, containing Messrs. Gun and 
 King, grandsons of the celebrated traveler, Jona- 
 than Carver. 
 
 On the ninth ot ouly, 1817, the expedition left 
 Prairie du Chien, and on the twelfth arrived at 
 '' Trempe a I'eau." He writes : 
 
 " When we stopped for breakfast, Mr. Hemp- 
 stead and myself ascended a high peak to take a 
 view of the country. It is known by the name 
 of the Kettle Hill, having obtained this appella- 
 tion from the circumstance of its having numer- 
 ous piles of stone on its top, most of them 
 fragments of the rocky stratifications which 
 constitute the principal part of the hill, but some 
 of them small piles made by the Indians. These 
 at a distance have some simiUtude of kettles 
 arranged along upon the ridge and sides of the 
 hill. From this, or almost any other enunence in 
 its neighborhood, the beauty and grandeur of the 
 prospect would baffle the skill of tlie most inge- 
 nious pencil to depict, and that of the most ac- 
 compUshed i)en to describe. Hills marshaled 
 into a variety of agreeable shapes, some of them 
 towering into lofty peaks, while others present 
 broad summits embeUished with contours and 
 slopes in the must pleasing manner ; champaigns 
 and wa\Tng valleys; forests, lawns, and parks 
 alternating with each other; the humble Missis- 
 
 sippi meandering far below, and occasionally 
 losing itself in numberless islands, give variety 
 and beauty to the picture, while rugged chffs and 
 stupendous precipices here and there present 
 themselves as if to add boldness and majesty to 
 the scene. In the midst of this beautiful scenery 
 is situated a village of the Sioux Indians, on an 
 extensive lawn called the Aux Aisle Prairie ; at 
 which we lay by for a cuort time. On our arrival 
 the Indians hoisted two American flags, and we 
 returned the compliment by discharging our 
 blunderbuss and pistols. Tliey then fired several 
 guns ahead of us by way of a salute, after which 
 we landed and were received with much friend- 
 ship. The name of their chief is Wauppaushaw, 
 or the Leaf, commonly called by a name of the 
 same import in French, La Feuille, or La Fye, 
 as it is pronounced in English. He is considered 
 one of the most honest and honorable of any of 
 the Indians, and endeavors to inculcate into the 
 minds of his people the sentiments and principles 
 adopted by himself. He was not at home at the 
 time I called, and I had no opportunity of seeing 
 him. The Indians, as I suppose, "nith the ex- 
 pectation that I had something to communicate 
 to them, assembled themselves at the place 
 where I landed and seated themselves upon the 
 grass. I inquired if their chief was at home, 
 and was answered in the negative. I then told 
 them I should be very glad to see him, but as he 
 was absent I would call on him again in a few 
 days when I should return. I further told them 
 that our father, the new President, wished to ob- 
 tain some more information relative to his red 
 children, and that I was on a tour to acquire any 
 intelhgence he might stand in need of. With 
 this they appeared weU satisfied, and permitted 
 Mr. Hempstead and myself to go through their 
 vUlage. Wliile I was in tlie wigwam, one of the 
 subordinate chiefs, whose name was Wazzecoota, 
 or Shooter from the Pine Tree, volunteered to
 
 INITIATION OF A WABBIOB BY A SACBED DANCE. 
 
 83 
 
 accompany me up the river. I accepted of his 
 services, and lie was ready to attend me on the 
 tonr in a very short time. When we liove in 
 siglit the Indians were engaged in a ceremony 
 called the Bcdr Dance; a ceremony wliich they 
 are in the habit of performing wlien any young 
 man is desirous of bringing himself into particu- 
 lar notice, and is considered a kind of initiation 
 into the state of manhood. I went on to the 
 ground where they had their performances, 
 which were ended sooner than usual on account 
 of our arrival. Tliere was a kind of flag made 
 of favraiskin dressed with the hair on, suspended 
 on a pole, tpon the flesh side of it were drawn 
 certain rude figures indicative of the dream 
 which it is necessary the young man shoidd have 
 dreamed, before he can be considered a proper 
 candidate for this kind of initiation ; with this a 
 pipe was suspended by way of sacrifice. Two 
 arrows were stuck up at the foot of the pole, 
 and fragments of painted feathers, etc., were 
 strewed about the ground near to it. These per- 
 tained to the religious rites attending tlie cere- 
 mony, which consists in bewailing and self-mor- 
 tiflcation, that the Good Spirit may be induced 
 to pity them and succor their undertaking. 
 
 " At the distance of two or three hundred 
 yards from the flag, is an excavation which they 
 call the bear's hole, prepared for the occasion. 
 It is about two feet deep, and has two ditches, 
 about one foot deep, leading across it at right an- 
 gles. The young hero of the farce places himself 
 in this hole, to be hunted by the rest of the young 
 men, all of whom on this occasion are dressed in 
 their best attire and painted in their neatest style. 
 The hunters approach the hole in the direction of 
 one of the ditches, and discharge their guns, 
 which were previously loaded for tlie purpose 
 with blank cartridges, at the one who acts the 
 part of the bear ; whereupon he leaps frcun his 
 den, having a hoop in each hand, and a wooden 
 lance ; the hoops serving as forefeet to aid him 
 in characterizing his part, and his lance to defend 
 him from his assailants. Thus accoutred he 
 dances round the place, exhibiting various feats 
 of activity, while the other Indians pursue him 
 and endeavor to trap him as he attempts to re- 
 turn to his den, to effect whicli he is privileged to 
 use any violence he pleases with impunity against 
 
 his assailants, and even to taking the Ufe of any 
 of them. 
 
 " This part of the ceremony is performed three 
 times, that the bear may escape from his den 
 and return to it again through three of the ave- 
 nues communicating with i* . On being hunted 
 from the fourth or last avenue, the bear must 
 make his escape through all hi^ pursuers, if pos- 
 sible, and flee to the woods, whei hv. i > t j remain 
 through tlie day. This, however, is seldom or 
 never accomplished, as all the young men exert 
 themselves to the utmost in order to trap him. 
 When caught, he must retire to a lodge erected for 
 his reception in the field, where he is to be .se- 
 cluded from all society through the day, except 
 one of his particular friends whom he is allowed 
 to take with him as an attendant. Here he 
 smokes and performs various other rites which 
 superstition has led the Indians to believe are sa- 
 cred. After this ceremon; is ended, the young 
 Indian is considered qualified to act any part as 
 an eflicient member of their community. The 
 Indian who has the good fortune to catch the 
 bear and overcome him when endeavoring to 
 make his escape to the woods, is considered a 
 candidate for preferment, and is on the first suit- 
 able occasion appointed the leader of a small war 
 party, in order that he may further have an op- 
 portunity to test his prowess and perform more 
 essential service in belialf of his nation. It is 
 accordingly expected that he will kill some of 
 their enemies iuid return with their scalps. I re- 
 gretted very much that I had missed the oppor- 
 tunity of witnessing this ceremony, whicli is 
 never performed except when prompted by the 
 particular dreams of one or other of the young 
 men, who is never complimented twice in the 
 .same manner on account of his dreams." 
 
 On the sixteenth he approached the vicinity of 
 where is now the capital of Minnesota, and 
 writes : " Set sail at half past four this morning 
 with a favorable breeze. Passed an Indian bury- 
 ing ground on our left, the first that I have seen 
 surrounded by a fence. In the centre a pole is 
 erected, at the foot of which religious rites are 
 performed at the burial of an Indian, by the 
 particular friends and relatives of the deceased. 
 Upon the pole a flag is susi)ended when any per- 
 son of extraordinary merit, or one who is very 
 much beloved, is buried. In the enclosure were
 
 84 
 
 EXPLOBEBS AND PIOXEEBS OF MINNESOIA. 
 
 two scaffolds erected also, about six feet high 
 aiid sLx feet square. Upon one of tliem were two 
 coffins containing dead bodies. Passed a Sioux 
 village on our right containing fourteen cabins. 
 The name of tlie chief is the Petit Corbeau, or 
 Little Eaven. Tlie Indians were all absent on a 
 hunting party up the Biver St. Croix, which 
 is but a little distance across the country from 
 the village. Of this we were very glad, as this 
 baud are said to be the most notorious beggars 
 of all the Sioux on the Mississippi. One of their 
 cabins is furnished with loop holes, and is sit- 
 uated so near tlie water that the opposite side 
 of the river is within musket-shot range from 
 the building. By this means the Petit Corbeau 
 is enabled to exercise a command over the pass- 
 age of the river and has in some instances com- 
 pelled ti-aders to land with their goods, and in- 
 duced them, probably through fear of offendmg 
 him. to bestow presents to a considerable amount, 
 before he would suffer them to pass. The cabins 
 are a kind of stockade buildings, and of a better 
 appearance than any Indian dwellings I have 
 before met with. 
 
 " Two miles above the tillage, on the same 
 side of the river, is Carver's Cave, at which we 
 stopped to breakfast. However interesting it 
 may have been, it does not possess that character 
 in a very high degree at present. Wc descend- 
 ed it with lighted candles to its lower exti-emity. 
 The entrance is very low and about eight feet 
 broad, so that a man in order to enter it must be 
 completely prostrate. The angle of descent 
 within the cave is about 25 deg. The flooring 
 is an inclined plane of quicksand, formed of the 
 rock in which the cavern is formed. The dist- 
 ance from its entrance to its inner extremity is 
 twenty-four paces, and the widtli in the broadest 
 part about nine, and its greatest heiglit about 
 seven feet. In shape it resembles a bakers's oven. 
 The cavern was once probalily much more ex- 
 tensive, ily interpreter uiformed me that, since 
 his remembrance, the entrance was not less 
 than ten feet high and its length far greater than 
 at present. The rock in which it is formed is 
 a very wliite sandstone, so friable that the frag- 
 ments of it will almost cnunble to sand when 
 taken into the hand. A few yards below the 
 mouth of the cavern is a very copious spring of 
 flue water issuing from the bottom of the cUff. 
 
 " Five miles above this is the Foimtain Cave, 
 on the same side of the river, formed in the same 
 kind of sandstone but of a more pure and fine 
 quality. It is far more curious and interesting 
 than the former. The entrance of the cave is a 
 large mnding hall about one hundred and fifty 
 feet in length, fifteen feet in width, and from 
 eight to sLxteen feet in height, finely arched 
 overhead, and nearly peiTiendicular. Jsext suc- 
 ceeds a narrow passage and difficult of entrance, 
 which opens into a most beautiful circular room, 
 finely arched above, and about forty feet in di- 
 ameter. The cavern then continues a meander- 
 ing course, expanding occasionally into small 
 rooms of a cu'cular form. We penetrated about 
 one himdred and fifty yards, till our candles 
 began to fail us, when we retiuned. To beauti- 
 fy and embellish the scene, a fine crystal stream 
 flows throiigli the cavern, and cheers the lone- 
 some dark retreat with its enlivening murmurs. 
 The temperatiu-e of the water in the cave was 
 46 deg., and that of the air 6(1 deg. Entering 
 this cold reti-eat from an atmosphere of 89 deg., 
 I tliought it not prudent to remain in it long 
 enough to take its several dimensions and me- 
 ander its courses ; particularly as we had to wade 
 in water to our knees in many places in order to 
 penetrate as far as we went. The fountain sup- 
 plies an abimdance of water as fine as I ever 
 drank. This cavern I was informed by my 
 interpreter, has been discovered but a few years. 
 That the Indians formerly li-sdng in its neighbor- 
 hood knew nothuig of it till within six years 
 past. Tliat it is not the same as that described 
 by Carver is evident, not only from this circiun- 
 stance, but also from the circumstance that in- 
 stead of a stagnant pool, and only one accessible 
 room of a very different form, this cavern has 
 a brook running through it, and at least four 
 rooms m succession, one after the other. Car- 
 vers Cave is fast filling up with sand, so that 
 no water is now foimd in it, whereas this, from 
 the very nature of the place, must be enlarging, 
 as the fountain will carry along with its current 
 all the sand tliat falls into it from the roof and 
 sides of the cavern." 
 
 On the night of the sixteenth, he anived at the 
 Falls of Saint Anthony and encamped on the east 
 shore just below tlie cataract. He writes in his 
 journal :
 
 DESCRIPTION OF FALLS OF SAINT ANTHONY. 
 
 80 
 
 "The place where we encamperl last night need- 
 ed no embellishment to render it romantic in the 
 highest degree. The banks on both sides of the 
 river are about one hundred feet high, decorated 
 with trees and shrubbery of various kinds. The 
 post oak, hickory, walnut, linden, sugar tree. 
 white birch, and the American box ; also various 
 evergreens, such as the pine, cedar, juniper, 
 etc., added their embellishments to tlie scene. 
 Amongst the shrubery were the prickly ash, 
 plum, and cherry tree, the gooseberry, the black 
 and red raspberry, the ehokeberry, grape vine, 
 etc. There were also various kinds of herbage 
 and flowers, among which were the wild parsley, 
 rue, spikenard, etc., red and white roses, morning 
 glory and various other handsome flowers. A 
 few yards below us was a beautifid cascade of 
 fine spring water, pouring down from a project- 
 ing precipice about one hundred feet hight. On 
 our left was the Mississippi hurrying through its 
 channel with great velocity, and about three 
 quarters of a mile above us, in plain view, was 
 the majestic cataract of the Falls of St. Anthony. 
 The murmuring of the cascade, the roaring of the 
 river, and the thunder of the cataract, all contrib- 
 uted to render the scene the most interestingand 
 magniticient of any I ever before witnessed.'' 
 
 '■Tlie perpendicular fall of the water at the 
 cataract, was stated by Pike in his journal, as six- 
 teen and a half feet, which I found to be true by 
 actual measurement. To this height, however, 
 four or five feet may be added fur the rapid des- 
 cent which immediately succeeds to the perpen- 
 dicular fall witliin a few yards Ijelow. Immedi- 
 ately at the cataract the river is divided into two 
 parts by an island which extends considerably 
 above and below the cataract, and is about five 
 hundred yards long. The channel on the right 
 side of the Island is about three times the width 
 of that on the left. The quanity of water pass- 
 ins through them is not, however, in the same 
 proportion, as about one-third part of the whole 
 passes througli the left channel. In tlie broadest 
 channel, just below the cataract, is a small island 
 also, about fifty yards in length and thirty in 
 breadth. Both of these islands contain tlie same 
 kind of rocky formation as the banks of the river, 
 and are nearly as high. Besides tliese, there are 
 immediately at the foot of the cataract, two 
 islands of very inconsiderable size, situated in 
 
 the right channel also. The rapids commence 
 several hundred yards above the cataract and 
 continue about eight miles below. Tlie fall of 
 the water, beginning at the head of the rapids, 
 and extending two hundred and sixty rods down 
 the river to where the portage road commences, 
 below the cataract is, according to Tike, fifty- 
 eight feet. If this estimate be correct the whole 
 fall from the head to the foot of the i-aiiids. is not 
 probably much less than one lumdred feet. But 
 fls I had no instrument sufficiently accurate to 
 level, where the view must necessarily be pretty 
 extensive, I took no pains to ascertain the extent 
 of the fall. The mode I adopted to ascertain 
 the height of a cataract, was to suspend a line 
 and plummet from the table rock on the south 
 side of the river, which at the same time had 
 very little water passing over it as the river was 
 unusually low. The rocky formations at this 
 place were arranged in the following order, from 
 the surface downward. A coarse kind of lime- 
 stone in thin strata containing considerable silex; 
 a kind of soft friable stone of a greenish color 
 and slaty fracture, probably containing lime, 
 aluminum and silex ; a very beautiful satratiflca- 
 tion of shell limestone, in thin plates, extremely 
 regular in its formation and containing a vast 
 number of sliells, all apparently of the same 
 Itiud. This formation constitutes the Table Rock 
 of the cataract. The next in order is a white or 
 yellowish sandstone, so easily crumbled that it 
 deserves the name of a sandbank rather than that 
 of a rock. It is of various depths, from ten to 
 fifty or seventy-five feet, ami is of the same char- 
 acter with that found at the caves before des- 
 cribed. The next in order is a soft friable sand- 
 stone, of a greenish color, similar to that resting 
 upon the shell limestone. These stratilications 
 (K'cupied the whole space from the low water 
 mark nearly to the top of the bluffs. On the east, 
 or rather north side of the river, at the Falls, are 
 high grounds, at the distance of half a mile from 
 the river, considerably more elevated than the 
 bluffs, and of a hilly aspect. 
 
 Speaking of the bluff at the confluence o^ Ae 
 Mississippi and Minnesota, he writes: "A military 
 work of considerable magnitude might be con- 
 structed on the point, and might be rendered 
 sufficiently secure by occupying the commanding 
 height in the rear in a suitable manner, as the
 
 EXPLORERS AND PIONEERS OF MINNESOTA. 
 
 latter would control not only the point, but all 
 the neighboring heights, to the full extent of a 
 tivelve poimder"s range. The work on the pomt 
 would be necessary to control the na\igation of 
 the two rivers. But without the commanding 
 work in the rear, would be liable to be greatly 
 annoyed from a height situated directly opposite 
 
 on the other side of tlie Mississippi, which is 
 here no more than about two hundred and fifty 
 yards wide. This latter height, however, would 
 not be eligible for a permanent post, on account 
 of the niunerous ridges and ravines situated im- 
 mediately in its rear."
 
 EABLY HISTOBY OF BED BIVEB VALLEY. 
 
 87 
 
 CHAPTER XV. 
 
 THOMAS DOUGLAS, EABL OF SELKIRIC, AND THE BED EIVEB VALLEY. 
 
 Early travelers to Lake Winniiicg — Earliest Map by the Inilicin Otcliaga — Benin's 
 allusion to it — Verendrye's Map — De la Jenicraye's Map — Fort La Reine — Fort 
 on Red River abandoned — Origin of name Red Lake — Earl of Selkirk— Ossini- 
 boia described — Scotch imroiprants at Pembina — Strife of trading companies — 
 Earl of Selkirk visits America — Governor Seniple Killed— Romantic life of John 
 Tanner, and his son James — Letter relative to Selkirk's tour through Minne- 
 sota. 
 
 The valley of the Red River of the North is 
 not only an important portion of Mimiesota, but 
 has a most interesting history. 
 
 While there is no evidence that Groselliers, the 
 first ■white man ■who explored Minnesota, ever 
 visited Lake Winnipeg and the Red River, yet he 
 met the Assineboines at the heiid of Lake Supe- 
 rior and at Lake Nepigon, wMle on his 'way by a 
 northeasterly trail to Hudson's Bay, and learned 
 something of this region from them. 
 I The first person, of whom we liave an account, 
 wlio visited the region, was an Englishman, who 
 came in 1692, by way of York River, to AV'inni- 
 peg. 
 
 Ochagachs, or Otchaga, an intelligent Indian, in 
 1728, assured Pierre Gualtier de Varenne, known 
 in history as the Sieur Verendrye, while he was 
 stationed at Lake jSTepigon, that there was a 
 communication, largely by water, west of Lake 
 Superior, to the Great Sea or Pacific Ocean. The 
 rude map, drawn by this Indiiin, was sent to 
 France, and is still preserved. Upon it is marked 
 Kamanistigouia, the fort first established by Du 
 Luth. Pigeon River is called Mantohavagane. 
 Lac Sasakanaga is marked, and Rainy Lake is 
 named Tecamemiouen. The river St. Louis, of 
 Minnesota, is R. fond du L. Superior. The 
 French geographer, Bellin, in his " Remarks 
 upon the map of North America," published in 
 1755, at Paris, alludes to this sketch of Ochagachs, 
 and says it is the earliest drawing of the region 
 west of Lake Superior, in the Depot de la Marine. 
 
 After this Verendrye, in 1737, drew a map, 
 which remains unpublished, which shows Red 
 Lake in Northern Minnesota, and the point of 
 the Big Woods ui the Red River Valley. There 
 
 is another sketch in the archives of France, 
 drawn by De la Jemeraye. He was a nephew of 
 Verendrye, and, under his uncle's orders, he was 
 in 1731, tlie first to advance from the Grand 
 Portage of Lake Superior, by way of the Nalao- 
 uagan or Groselliers, now Pigeon River, to Rainy 
 Lake. On this appears Fort Rouge, on the south 
 bank of the Assineboine at its junction with the 
 Red River, and on the Assineboine, a post estab- 
 lished on October 3, 1738, and called Fort La 
 Reine. Bellin describes the fort on Red River, 
 but asserts that it was abandoned because of its 
 vicinity to Fort La Reine, on the imrth side of 
 the Assinneboine, and only about nine miles by 
 a portage, from Swan Lake. Red Lake and Red 
 River were so called by the early French explo- 
 rers, on accoxmt of the reddish tint of the ■waters 
 after a storm. 
 
 Thomas Douglas, Earl of Selkirk, a wealthy, 
 kind-hearted but visionary Scotch nobleman, at 
 the commencement of the present century formed 
 the design of planting a colony of agriculturists 
 west of Lake Superior. In the year 1811 he 
 obtained a grant of land from the Hudson Bay 
 Company called Ossiniboia, which it seems 
 strange has been given up by the people of Man- 
 itoba. In the autumn of 1812 a few Scotchmen 
 with their families arrived at Pembina, in the 
 Red River Valley, by way of Hudson Bay, where- 
 they passed the winter. In the winter of 1813-14 
 they were again at Fort Daer or Pembiiui. The 
 colonists of Red River were rendered very un- 
 happy by the strife of rival trading companies. 
 
 In the spring of 1815, McKenzie and ^lorrison, 
 traders of the Northwest company, at Sandy 
 Lake, told the Ojibway chief there, that they 
 would give him and his band all the goods and 
 rum at Leech or Sandy Lakes, if they would an- 
 noy the Red River settlers. 
 
 The Earl of Selkirk hearing of the distressed 
 condition of his colony, sailed for America, and
 
 8S 
 
 EXPLOSERS AND PIONEERS OF MINNESOTA. 
 
 in the fall of ISlo, arrived at 2sew York City. 
 Proceeding to Montreal he foimd a messenger 
 who had travelfd on foot in mid-A\iuter from the 
 Bed River by way of Red Lake and Fon du Lac, 
 of Lake Superior. He sent back by this man, 
 kind messages to the dispirited settlers, but one 
 night he 'nas A\ay-laid near Fon dii Lac, and 
 robbed of his cauoe and dispatches. An Ojib- 
 way chief at Sandy Lake, afterwards testified 
 that a trader named Grant offered him mm and 
 tobacco, to send persons to intercept a bearer of 
 dispatches to Red River, and soon the messenger 
 ■was brought in by a negro and some Indians. 
 
 Failing to obtain military aid from the 
 British authorities in Canada, Selkirk made an 
 engagement with fom- officers and eighty privates, 
 of the discharged Meuron regiment, twenty of 
 the De "WattevUle, and a few of the Glengary 
 Fencibles, which had served in the late war with 
 the United States, to accompany him to Red 
 River. They were to receive monthly wages for 
 navigatLng the boats to Red River, to have lands 
 assigned them, imd a free passage if they wished 
 to return. 
 
 "When he reached Sault St. Marie, he received 
 the inteUigeuce that the colony had again been 
 destroyed, and that Semple, a mild, amiable, but 
 not altogether judicious man, the chief governor 
 of the factories and territories of the Hudson 
 Bay company, residing at Bed River, had been 
 kiUed. 
 
 Schoolcraft, in 1832, says he saw at Leech 
 Lake, Majegabom, the man who had killed Gov. 
 Semple, after he fell wonnded from his horse. 
 
 Before he heard of the death of Semple, the 
 Earl of Selkirk had made arrangements to visit 
 his colony byway of Fon du Lac, on the St. Louis 
 _ River, and Red Lake of Minnesota, but he now 
 changed his mind, and proceede<l with his force 
 to Fort "William, the cliief trading post of the 
 Xorthwest Company on Lake Superior ; and ap- 
 prehending the principal partners, warrants of 
 commitment ^^•ere issued, and they were I'orward- 
 ed to the Attorney-General of I'pper Canada. 
 
 While Selkirk was engaged at Fort William, 
 a party of c p.iigrants in charge of ililes McDon- 
 nel. Governor, and Captain D'Orsomen, went 
 forward to reinforce the colony. At Rainy 
 Lake they obtained the guidance of a man who 
 had all the characteristics of an Indian, and yet 
 
 had a bearing which suggested a different origin. 
 By his efficiency and temperate habits, he had se- 
 cured the respect of his employers, and on the Earl 
 of Selkirk's arrival at Red River, his attention was 
 called to him, and in his TAelfare he became 
 deeply interested. By repeated conversations 
 with him. memories of a different kind of exist- 
 ence were aroused, and the light of other days 
 began to brighten. Though he bad forgotten his 
 father's name, he furnished sufficient data for 
 Selkirk to proceed with a search for his relatives. 
 Visiting the United States in 1817, he published 
 a circular in the papers of the Western States, 
 which led to the identilicatiou of the man. 
 
 It appeared from his own statement, and 
 those of his friends, that his name was John 
 Tanner, the son of a minister of the gospel, whc , 
 about the year 1790, lived on the Ohio river, near 
 the Miami. .Shortly after his location there, a 
 band of roving Indians passed near the house.' 
 and fomid John Tanner, then a little boy, filling 
 his hat with walnuts from under a tree. They 
 seized him and fled. The party was led by an 
 Ottawa whose wife had lost a son. To compen- 
 sate for Ids death, the mother begged that a boy 
 of the same age might be captured. 
 
 Adopted by the baud. Tanner grew up an 
 Indian in his tastes and habits, and was noted 
 for bravery. Selkirk was successful in finding 
 his relatives. After twenty-eight yeai-s of sepa- 
 ration. John Tanner in 1818, met his brother 
 Edward near Detroit, and went with him to his 
 home in Missouri. He soon left his brother, and 
 went back to the Indians. For a time he was 
 interpreter for Henry R. Schoolcraft, but became 
 lazy and ill-natured, and in 1S36, sktilking behind 
 some bushes, he shot and killed Schoolcraft's 
 brother, and fled to the wilderness, where, in 
 1847, he died. His son, James, was kindly treat- 
 ed by the missionaries to the Ojibways of Minne- 
 sota; but he walked in the footsteps of his father. 
 In the year 1851, he attempted to impose upon 
 the Presbyterian minister in Saint Paul, and, 
 when detected, called upon the Baptist minister, 
 who, believing him a penitent, cut a hole in the 
 ice, and received him into the church by immer- 
 sion. In time, the Baptists found him out, when 
 he became an Unitarian missionary, and, at last, 
 it is said, met a death by violence. 
 Lord Selkirk was in the Red River Valley
 
 EAIiL OF SELKIBK VISITS SAINT LOUIS. 
 
 89 
 
 (luring the summer of 1817, and on the eighteenth 
 of July concluded a tfeaty with the Crees an;! 
 Saulteaux, for a tract of land beginning at the 
 moutli of the Red River, and extending along 
 the same as far as the Great Forks (now Grand 
 Forl£s) at the mouth of Red JLake River, and 
 along the Assinniboine Riveras far as JNliisk Rat 
 River, and extending to tlie distance of six miles 
 from Fort Douglas on every side, and likewise 
 from Fort Daer (Pembina) and also from the 
 (ireat Forks, diid in other parts extending to the 
 distance of two miles from the banks of the said 
 rivers. 
 
 Having restored order and confidence, attend- 
 ed by tliree or four persons lie crossed the plains 
 to the Minnesota River, and from thence pro- 
 ceeded to St. Loius. The Indian agent at 
 Prairie du Chien was not pleased with Selkirk's 
 trip througli Iilinnesota ; and on the sixth of 
 February, 1818, wrote the Governor of Illinois 
 under excitement, some groundless suspicions : 
 
 •' What do you suppose, sir, has been the re- 
 sult of the passage through my agency of this 
 British noblemauV Two entire bands, and part 
 of a third, all Sioux, have deserted us and joined 
 Dickson, who has distributed to them large quan- 
 tities of Indian presents, together with flags, 
 medals, etc. Knowing this, wliat must have been 
 my feelings ou hearing that his lordship had met 
 with a favourable reception at St. Louis. The 
 newspapers announcing kin arrival, and general 
 iS'coH(>/i appearance, all tend to discompose me; 
 believing as I do, that he is plotting with his 
 friend Dickson our destruction — sharpening the 
 savage scalping knife, and colonizing a tract of 
 country, so'reraote as that of the Red River, for 
 the puiiwse, no doubt, of monopolizing the fur 
 and peltry trade of this river, the Missouri and 
 their waters; a trade of the first importance to 
 our Western States and Territories. A courier 
 who had anived a few days since, confirms the 
 belief that Dickson is endeavouring to undo what 
 1 have done, and secure to the British govern- 
 ment the affections of the Sionx, and subject the 
 Northwest Company to his lordship. * * * 
 
 Dickson, as I have before observed, is situated 
 near the head of the St. Pet«r's, to which place 
 he transports his goods from Selkirk's Red River 
 establishment, in carts made for the purpose. 
 The trip is performed in five days, sometimes 
 less. He is directed to build a fort on the high- 
 est land between Lao du Traverse and Red River, 
 which he supposes will be the established Unes 
 This fort will be defended by twenty men, witli 
 two small pieces of artillery." 
 
 In the year 1820, at Berne, Switzerland, a cir- 
 cular was issued, signed, R. May D'Uzistorf, 
 Captain, in his Britannic Majesty's service, and 
 agent Plenipotentiary to Lord Selkirk. Like 
 many documents to induce emigration, it was so 
 highly colored as to prove a delusion and a 
 snare. The climate was represented as '■ mild 
 and healthy." '• Wood either for building or 
 fuel in the greatest- plenty," and the country 
 supplying "in profusion, whatever can be re- 
 quired for the convenience, pleasure or comfort 
 of life." Remarkable statements considering 
 that every green thing had been devoured the 
 year before by grasshoppers. 
 
 Under the influence of these statements, a num- 
 ber were induced to embark. In the spring of 
 1821, about two hundred persons assembled on 
 the banks of the Rhine to proceed to the region 
 west of Lake Superior. Having descended the 
 Rhine to the vicinity of Rotterdam, they went 
 aboard the ship - Lord Wellington, "" and after a 
 voyage across the Atlantic, and amid the ice- 
 floes of Iliidsoirs Bay. they reached York Fort. 
 Here they debarked, and entering batteaux, as- 
 cended Nelson River for twenty days, w hen they 
 came to Lake Winnipeg, and coasting along the 
 west shore they reached tlie Red River of tlie 
 Xortli, to feel that they had been deluded, and 
 to long for a milder clime. If they did not sing 
 the Switzer's Song of Home, they appreciated its 
 sentiments, and gradually these immigrants re- 
 moved to the banks of the ilississippi River. 
 Some settled in Minnesota, and were the first t'; 
 raise cattle, and till the soil.
 
 90 
 
 EXPLOBEBS AXD PIOXEEBS OF JfiyXESOTA. 
 
 CHAPTEE XYI. 
 
 rOKT SNELLING DtTRING ITS OCCUPAXCT BY COSTPAXTES OF THE FIFTH EEGDrESTT V. S. IXFANTRY, 
 
 A. D. 1819, TO A. D. 1827. 
 
 Orders for military oocnpation of Upper Mississippi— Leavenworth and Forsyth 
 at Prairie du Cliien— Birth in Camp — Troops arrive at Mendota — Cantonment 
 Established— Wheat carried to Pembina— Notice of Devotion, Frescott, and 
 Mi^jor Taliaferro— Camp Cold Water Established— Col. Snelling takes command 
 —Impressive Scene — Officers in 1S20 — Condition of the Fort in 18-21— Saint 
 Anthony Jtill— Alexis Bailly takes canle to Pembina— Notice of Beltrami— 
 ArrivaloffirstSteamboat—Xajor Longs Expedition to Northern Boundary— 
 Beltrami visits the northern sources of the Mississippi — First flfur mill — First 
 Sunday School— Great flood in 1S26. African slaves at the Fort — Steamboat 
 Arrivals — Duels — Notice of William Joseph Snelling — Indian fight at the Fort- 
 Attack upon keel boats — General Gaines* report — Removal of Fifth Regiment — 
 Death of Colonel Snelling. 
 
 The rumor that Lord Selkirk was founding a 
 colony on the borders of the United States, and 
 that the British trading companies -nithin the 
 boundaries of what became tlie territory of Min- 
 nesota, convinced tlie authorities at Wasliington 
 of the importance of a military occupation of the 
 vaUey of the Upper Mississippi. 
 
 By direction of !Major General Brown, the fol- 
 lowing order, on the tenth of February, 1819, was 
 issued: 
 
 "Major General ^ilacomb, commander of the 
 Fifth Military department, will without delay, 
 concentrate at Detroit the Fifth Regiment of In- 
 fantry, excepting the recruits otherwise directed 
 by the general order herewith transmitted. As 
 soon as the navigation of the lakes will admit, he 
 will cause the regiment to be transported to Fort 
 Howard; from thence, by the way of the Fox 
 and Wisconsin Rivers, to Prairie du Chien, and, 
 after detaching a sufficient number of companies 
 to garrison Forts Crawford and Armstrong, the 
 remainder ■«-ill proceed to the mouth of the River 
 St. Peter's, where they will establish a post, at 
 which the headquarters of the regiment will be 
 located. The regiment, previous to its depar- 
 ture, ■vsill receive the necessarj- supplies of cloth- 
 ing, provisions, arms, and ammunition. Imme- 
 diate application will be made to Brigadier Gen- 
 eral Jesup, Quartermaster General, for funds 
 necessary to execute the movements retjuired by 
 this order." 
 
 On the thirteenth of April, this additional order 
 was issued, at Detroit : — ' "-- 
 
 "The season having now arrived when the 
 lakes may be navigated vnth. safety, a detach- 
 ment of the Fifth Regiment, to consist of Major 
 Marston's and Captain Fowle"s companies, under 
 the command of Mcijor ^luhleuburg, will proceed 
 to Green Bay. Surgeon's Mate, R. M. Byrne, of 
 the Fifth Regiment, will accompany the detach- 
 ment. The Assistant Deputy Quartermaster 
 General will furnish the necessary transport, and 
 will send by the same opportunity two hundred 
 barrels of p^o^^sions, wliich he will draw from the 
 contractor at this post. The pro^^sions must be 
 examined and inspected, and properly put up for 
 transportation. Colonel Leavenworth will, with- 
 out delay, prepare his regiment to move to the 
 post on the Mississippi, agreeable to the Divi- 
 sion order of the tenth of February. The Assist- 
 ant Deputy Quartermaster General will furnish 
 the necessiiry transportation, to be ready by the 
 first of May next. The Colonel will make reqvii- 
 sition for such stores, ammunition, tools and 
 implements as may be required, and he be able to 
 take with him on the expedition. Particular in- 
 structions will be given to the Colonel, explaining 
 the objects of his expedition." 
 
 EXTENTS OF THE TEAR 1819. 
 
 On Wednesday, the last day of June, Col. Leav- 
 enworth and troops arrived from Green Bay, at 
 Prairie du Chien. Scarcely had they reached 
 this point when Charlotte SejTnour. the wife of 
 Lt. Xathan Clark, a native of Hartford, Ct., 
 gave birth to a daughter, whose first baptismal 
 name was Charlotte, after her mother, and the 
 second Ouisconsin. given by the officers in view 
 of the fact that she was bom at the jimction of 
 that stream with the Mississippi. 
 
 In time Charlotte Ouisconsin married a yomig 
 Lieutenant, a native of Princeton, Xew Jersey, 
 and a graduate of West Point, and still resides 
 ■with her husband. General 11. P. Yan Cleve, in
 
 COL. LEAVENWORTH ARRIVES AT MENDOTA 
 
 91 
 
 the city of Minneapolis, living to do good as she 
 has opportunity. 
 
 In June, under instnictions from the War 
 Department, Major Thomas Forsyth, connected 
 with the office of Indian affairs, left St. Louis 
 with two thousand dollars worth of goods to be 
 distributed among the Sioux Indians, in accor- 
 dance with the agreement of 1805, already re- 
 ferred to, by the late General Pike. 
 
 About nine o'clock of the morning of the fifth 
 of July, he joined Leavenworth and his command 
 at Prairie du Chien. Some time was occupied by 
 Leavenworth awaiting the ai:rival of ordnance, 
 provisions and recruits, but on Sunday moniing, 
 the eighth of August, about eight o'clock, the 
 expedition set out for the point now known as 
 Mendota. The flotilla was quite imposing ; there 
 were the Colonel's barge, fourteen batteaux witli 
 ninety-eight soldiers and officers, two large canal 
 or Mackinaw boats, filled with various stores, and 
 Forsyth's keel boat, containing goods and pres- 
 ents for the Indians. On the twenty-third of 
 August, Forsyth reached the mouth of the Min- 
 nesota with his boat, and the next morning Col. 
 Leavenworth arrived, and selecting a place at 
 Mendota, near the present railroad bridge, he 
 ordered the soldiers to cut down trees and make 
 a clearing. On the next Saturday Col. Leaven- 
 worth, Major Vose, Surgeon Purcell, Lieutenant 
 Clark and the wife of Captain Gooding ivited 
 the Falls of Saint Anthony with Forsyth, in 
 his keel boat. 
 
 Early in September two more boats and a bat- 
 teaux, with officers and one hundred and twenty 
 recruits, arrived. 
 
 During the winter of 1820, Laidlow and others, 
 in behalf of Lord Selkirk's Scotch settlers at 
 Pembina, whose crops had been destroyed by 
 grasshoppers, passed the Cantonment, on their 
 way to Prairie du Chien, to purchase wheat. 
 Upon the fifteenth of April they began tlieir 
 return with their Mackinaw boats, each loaded 
 with two hundred bushels of wheat, one himdred 
 of oats, and thirty of peas, and reached the mouth 
 of the Minnesota early in May. Ascending this 
 stream to Big Stone Lake, the boats were drawn 
 on rollers a mile and a half to Lake Traverse, 
 and on the third of June arrived at Pembina and 
 cheered the desponding and needy settlers of the 
 Selkirk colony. 
 
 The first sutler of the post was a Mr. Devotion, 
 lie brought with him a young man named Phi- 
 lander Prescott, who was born in ISOl , at Phelps- 
 town, Ontario county, Xew York. At first they 
 stopped at Mud Hen Island, in the Mississippi 
 below the mouth of the St. Croix River. Coming 
 up late in the year 1819, at the site of the pres- 
 ent town of Hastings they found a keel-boat 
 loaded with supphes for the cantonment, in charge 
 of Lieut. Oliver, detained by the ice. 
 
 Amid all the changes of tlie troops, Mr. Pres- 
 cott remamed nearly all his life in the vicinity of 
 the post, to which he came when a mere lad, and 
 was at length killed in the Sioux Massacre. 
 
 EVENTS OF THE YEAR 1820 
 
 In the spring of 1820, Jean Baptiste Faribault 
 brought up Leavenwortli's horses from Prairie 
 du Chien. 
 
 The first Indian Ageiit at the post was a former 
 army officer, Lawrence Taliaferro, pronounced 
 Toliver. As he had the confidence of the Gov- 
 ernment for twenty-one successive years, he is 
 deserving of notice. 
 
 His family was of Italian origin, and among 
 the early settlers of Virginia. He was born in 
 1794, in King William county in that State, and 
 when, in 1812, war was declared against Great 
 Britain, with four Ijrothers, lie entered the army, 
 and was commissioned as Lieutenant of tlie 
 Tliirty-fifth Infantry. He behaved gallantly at 
 Fort Erie and Sackett's Harbor, and after peace 
 was declared, he was retained as a First Lieuten- 
 ant of the Third Infantry. In 1816 he was sta- 
 tioned at Fort Dearborn, now the site of Chicago. 
 AVhile on a furlough, he called one day upon 
 President Monroe, who told him tliat a fort ^voidd 
 be built near the Falls of Saint Anthony, and an 
 Indian Agency established, to which he offered 
 to appoint him. His commission was dated 
 March 27th, 1819, and lie proceeded in due time 
 to his post. 
 
 On the fifth day of May, 1820, Leavenworth 
 left his winter quarters at ^Mendota, crossed the 
 stream and made a summer camp near the 
 present military grave yard, which in consequence 
 of a fine spring has been called " Camp Cold 
 Water." The Indian agency, under Taliaferro, 
 remained for a time at the old cantonment. 
 
 The commanduig officer estabUshed a fine
 
 92 
 
 EXPLOBEBS AND PIOXEEBS OF JUXNESOTA. 
 
 garden in the bottom lands of the Minnesota, 
 and on the fifteenth of June the earliest garden 
 peas wpip eaten. The first distinguished %'isitors 
 at the new encampment were (iovenior Lewis 
 Cass, of ilichigau, and Henry Schoolcraft, who 
 arrived in July, by way of Lake Superior and 
 Sandy Lake. 
 
 The relations between Col. Leavenworth and 
 Indian Agent Taliaferro were not entirely har- 
 monious, growmg out of a disagreement of views 
 relative to the treatment of the Indians, and on 
 the day of the arrival of Governor Cass, Tel- 
 iaferro writes to Leavenworth : 
 
 '• As it is now understood that I am agent for 
 Indian affairs in this countiy, and you are about 
 to leave the upper Mississippi, ui all probability 
 in the coiu^e of a month or two, I beg leave to 
 suggest, for the sake of a general understanding 
 with the Indian tribes in this country, that any 
 medals, you may possess, would by being turned 
 over to me, cease to be a topic of remark among 
 the different Indian tribes under my direction. 
 I will pass to you any voucher that may be re- 
 quired, and I beg leave to obser\"e that any pro- 
 gress in influence is much impeded in conse- 
 quence of this frequent intercourse with the gar- 
 rison." 
 
 In a few days, the disastrous effect of Indians 
 mi'igling with the soldiers was exhibited. On 
 the third of August, the agent wrote to Leaven- 
 worth: 
 
 '• His Excellency Governor Cass duiing his 
 visit to this post remarked to me that the Indians 
 jn this quarter were spoiled, and at the same 
 time said they should not be permitted to enter 
 the camp. An unpleasant affair has lately taken 
 place ; I mean the stabbing of the old chief 
 ilahgossau by his comrade. This was caused, 
 doubtless, by an anxiety to obtaui the chiefs 
 whiskey. I beg, therefore, that no whiskey 
 whatever be given to any Indians, imless it be 
 through their proper agent. 'Wlule an overplus 
 of whi.skey thwarts the benilicent and humane 
 policy of the go^■emment, it entaUs misery upon 
 the Indians, and endangers their lives." 
 
 A few days after this note was v.ritten Josiah 
 Snelling, who had been recently promoted to the 
 Colonelcy of the Fifth Regiment, arrived with 
 his family, relieved Leavenworth, and infused 
 new life and energy. A Utile while before his 
 
 arrival, the daughter of Captain Gooding was 
 married to Lieutenant Green, the Adjutant of 
 the regiment, the tirst marriage of white pei-sons 
 in Minnesota. Mi-s. Snelling, a few days after 
 her arrival, gave birth to a daughter, the first 
 white child born in ^linnesota, and after a brief 
 existence of thirteen months, she died and was 
 the first interred in the military grave yard, and 
 for years the stone wliich marked its resting 
 place, was visible. 
 
 The earliest manuscript in Minnesota, written 
 at the Cantonment, is dated October 4. 1820, and 
 is in the handwriting of Colonel Snelling. It 
 reads : •• In justice to Lawrence Taliaferro. Esq., 
 Indian Agent at this post, we. the undersigned, 
 officers of the Fifth Regiment here stationed, 
 have presented him tliis paper, as a token, not 
 only of our individual respect and esteem, but as 
 an entire approval of his conduct and deportment 
 as a public agent in this quarter. Given at St. 
 Peter, this 4th day of October, 1820. 
 
 J. SXELLIXG, 
 
 Col. 5th Inf. 
 
 S. BrEBAXK, 
 
 Br. Major. 
 David Pehky. 
 Captain. 
 
 D. Gooding, 
 Brevet Captain. 
 
 J. Plymptox, 
 
 Lieutenant. 
 
 E. A. McCabe, 
 
 Lieutenant. 
 
 X. Clark, 
 
 Lieutenant. 
 Jos. Hake, 
 
 Lieutenant. 
 Ed. PrECELL, 
 
 Surgeon, 
 P. R. Gkeen, 
 
 Lieut, and Adjt. 
 "\V. G. Camp, 
 
 Lt. and Q. M. 
 H. AVilkixs, 
 
 Lieutenant." 
 
 During the summer of 1820, a party of the 
 Sisseton Sioux lulled on the Missouri, Isadore 
 Poupon. a half-breed, and Joseph Andrews, a 
 Canadian engaged in the fur trade. The Indian 
 Agent, through Colin Campbell, as interpreter, 
 notified the Sissetons that trade would cease 
 with them, imtil the murderers were delivered. 
 At a council held at Big Stone Lake, one of the 
 mvu-derers, and the aged father of another, agreed 
 to surrender themselves to the commanding 
 officer. 
 
 On the twelfth of November, accompanied by 
 their friends, they approached the encampment 
 in solemn procession, and marched to the centre 
 of the parade. First appeared a Sisseton bear- 
 ing a British flag ; then the murderer and the de- 
 voted father of another, their arms pinioned, and
 
 ABBIVAL OF THE FIRST STEAMBOAT. 
 
 9S 
 
 large wooden splinters thrust tlirougli the flesh 
 above the elbows indicating their contempt for 
 pain and death ; in the rear followed friends and 
 relatives, with them chanting the death dirge. 
 Having arrived in front of the guard, fire was 
 kindled, and the British flag burned; then the 
 murderer delivered up his medal, and both prison- 
 ers were surrounded. Col. Snelling detained the 
 old chief, while the murderer was sent to .St. 
 Louis for trial. 
 
 EVENTS OF THE YEAR 1821. 
 
 Col. SnelUng built the fort in the shape of a 
 lozenge, in view of the projection between the 
 two rivers. The first row of barracks was of 
 hewn logs, obtained from the pine forests of Rum 
 Eiver, but the other buildings were of stone. 
 Mrs. Van Cleve, the daughter of Lieutenant, 
 afterwards Captain Clark, writes : 
 
 •'In 1S21 the fort, although not complete, was 
 fit for occupancy. My father had assigned to 
 him the quarters next beyond the steps leading 
 to the Commissary's stores, and during the jear 
 my little sister Juliet was born there. At a later 
 period my father and JIajor Garland obtained 
 permission to build more commodious quarters 
 outside the walls, and the result was the two 
 stone houses aftenvards occupied by the Indian 
 Agent and interpreter, lately destroyed." 
 
 Early in August, a young and intelligent mixed 
 blood, Alexis Pjailly, in after years a member of 
 the legislature of Minnesota, left the cantonment 
 with the first drove of cattle for the Selkirk Set- 
 tlement, and the next winter returned with Col. 
 Robert Dickson and Messrs. Laidlnw and Mac- 
 kenzie. 
 
 The next month, a party of Sissetons visited 
 the Indian Agent, and told him that they had 
 started with another of the murderers, to which 
 reference has been made, but that on the way he 
 had, through fear of being hung, killed himself. 
 
 This fall, a mill was constructed for the use of 
 the garrison, on the west side of St. Anthony 
 ralls,under the supervision of Lieutenant ^IcCabe. 
 During the fall, George Gooding, Captain by 
 brevet, resigned, and became Sutler at Prairie du 
 Chien. He was a native of Massachusetts, and 
 entered the army as ensign in 1S08. In 1810 he 
 became a Second Lieutenant, and the next year 
 was wounded at Tippecanoe. 
 
 In the middle of October, there embarked on 
 the keel-boat " Saucy Jack."" for Prairie du Chien, 
 Col. Snelling. Lieut. Baxley, Major Taliaferro, 
 and Airs. Gooding, 
 
 EVENTS OF 1822 AND 1823. 
 
 Early in January, 1822, there came to the Fort 
 from the Red River of the North, Col. Robert 
 Dickson, Laidlow, a Scotch farmer, the superin- 
 tendent of Lord Selkirk's experimental farm, and 
 one ilackenzie, on their way to Prairie du Chien. 
 Dickson returned with a drove of cattle, but 
 owing to the hostility of the Sioux his cattle were 
 scattered, and never reached Pembina. 
 
 During the winter of 1823, Agent Taliaferro 
 was in 'Wrishington. While returning in ^March, 
 he was at a hotel in Pittsburg, when he received 
 a note signed G. C. Beltrami, who was an Italian 
 exile, asking permission to accompany him to the 
 Indian territory. He was tall and commanding 
 in appearance, and gentlemanly in bearing, and 
 Taliaferro was so forc'ibly impressed as to accede 
 to the request. After reaching St. Louis they 
 embarked on the first steamboat for tlie Upijcr 
 Mississippi. 
 
 It was named the Virginia, and was built in 
 Pittsburg, twenty-two feet in width, and one 
 himdred and eighteen feet hi length, in charge of 
 a Captain Crawford. It reached the Port on the 
 tenth of May, and was saluted by the discharge 
 of cannon. Among the passengers, besides the 
 Agent and the Italian, were JNIajor Biddle, Lieut. 
 Russell, and others. 
 
 The arrival of the Virginia is an era in the 
 liistory of the Dahkotah nation, and will prolia- 
 bly be transmitted to their posteritj' as long as 
 they exist as a people. They say their sacred 
 men, the night before, dreamed of seeing some 
 monster of the waters, which frightened them 
 very much. 
 
 As the boat neared the shore, men, women, 
 and children beheld with silent astonishment, 
 supposing that it was some enormous water-spirit, 
 coughing, puffing out hot breath, and splashing 
 water in every direction. When it touched the 
 landing their fears prevailed, and they retreated 
 some distance ; but when the blowing off of 
 steam commenced they were completely un- 
 nerved : mothers forgetting their children, with 
 streaming hair, sought hiding-places ; chiefs, re-
 
 94 
 
 BXPLOBERS AND PIOXEEIiS OF MINNESOTA. 
 
 nounciiig their stoicism, scampered away like 
 affrighted animals. 
 
 Tlie peace agreement beteen the Ojibways and 
 Dahkotahs, made througli the Influence of Gov- 
 ernor Cass, was of brief duration, tlie latter be- 
 ing the first to violate the provisions. 
 
 On the fourth of June. Taliaferro, the Indian 
 agent among the Dahkotahs, took advantage of 
 the presence of a large nimiber of Ojibways to 
 renew the agreement for the cessation of hostili- 
 ties. The councU hall of the agent was a large 
 room of logs, in which waved conspicuously the 
 flag of the United States, surrounded by British 
 colors and medals that had been deUvered up 
 from time to time by Indian chiefs. 
 
 Among the Dahkotah chiefs present were 
 Wapashaw, Little Crow, and Penneshaw ; of the 
 Ojibways there were Kendouswa. Moshomene. 
 and Pasheskonoepe. After mutual accusations 
 and excuses concerning the infraction of the pre- 
 vious treaty, the Dahkotahs lighted the calumet, 
 they having been the first to infringe upon the 
 agreement of 1820. After smoking and passing 
 the pipe of peace to the Ojibways, who passed 
 through the same formalities, they all shook 
 hands as a pledge of renewed amity. 
 
 The morning after the comicil, Flat Mouth, 
 the distinguished Ojibway chief, arrived, who 
 had left his lodge vowing that he woidd never be 
 at peace viith the Dahkotahs. As he stepped from 
 his canoe, Penneshaw held out his hand, but was 
 repulsed ■with sconi. The Dahkotah warrior 
 immediately gave the alarm, and hi a moment 
 nmners were on their way to the neighboring 
 villages to raise a war party. 
 
 On the sixth of June, the Dahkotahs had assem- 
 bled, stripped for a fight, and surrounded the 
 Ojibways. The latter, fearing the worst, con- 
 cealed their women and children behmd the old 
 barracks which had been used by the troops while 
 the fort was being erected. At the solicitation of 
 the agent and commander of the fort, the Dahko- 
 tahs desisted trom an attack and retired. 
 
 On the seventh, the Ojibways left for their 
 homes ; but, in a few hours, while they were 
 making a portage at Falls of St. Anthony, they 
 were again approached by the Dahkotahs, who 
 wovdd have attacked them, if a detachment of 
 troops had not arrived from the fort. 
 
 A rumor reaching Penneshaw "s village that he 
 
 had been killed at the falls, his mother seized an 
 Ojibway maiden, who had been a captive from 
 mfancy. and. with a tomahawk, cut her in two. 
 Upon t"he return of the son in safety he was much 
 gratified at what he considered the prowess of 
 his parent. 
 
 On the third of July. 1823. Major Long, of the 
 engineers, arrived at the fort in command of an 
 expedition to explore the Minnesota Biver, and 
 the region along the northern boundary Une of 
 the United States. Beltrami, at the request of 
 Col. SneUing. was permitted to be of the party, 
 and Major TaUaferro kindly gave him a horse 
 and eqiiipments. 
 
 The relations of the Italian to Major Long were 
 not pleasant, and at Pembina Beltrami left the 
 expedition, and with a " bois brule "", and two 
 Ojibways proceeded and discovered the northern 
 sources of the Mississippi, and suggested where 
 the western sources would be found ; which was 
 verified by Schoolcraft nine years later. About 
 the second week in September Beltrami returned 
 to the fort by way of the Mississippi, escorted by 
 forty or fifty Ojibways, and on the 2-5th departed 
 for Xew Orleans, where he published his discov- 
 eries in the French language. 
 
 The mill which was constructed In 1821, for 
 sawing lumber, at the Falls of St. Anthony, stood 
 upon the site of tlie Holmes and Sidle !Mill, in 
 Minneapolis, and m 1823 was fitted up for grind- 
 ing flour. The following extracts from corres- 
 pondence addressed to Lieut. Clark, Commissarj' 
 at Fort SneUing, -n-iU be read with interest. 
 
 Under the date of August 5th, 1823, General 
 Gibson writes : " From a letter addressed by 
 Col. SneUing to the Quartermaster General, 
 dated the 2d of April, I learn that a large quan- 
 tity of wheat would be raised this summer. The 
 assistant Commissary of Subsistence at St. Louis 
 has been instructed to forward sickles and a pair 
 of millstones to St. Peters. If any flour is manu- 
 factured from the wheat raised, be pleased to let 
 me know as early as practicable, that I may deduct 
 the quantity manufactured at the post from the 
 quantity advertised to be contracted for." 
 
 In another letter, General Gibson writes : 
 '• Below you will find the amount charged on the 
 books against the garrison at Ft. St. Anthony, 
 for certain articles, and forwarded for the use of 
 the troops at that post, which you wiU deduct
 
 FIRST FLOUR MILL IN MINNESOTA. 
 
 95 
 
 from the payments to be made for flour raised 
 and turned over to you for issue : 
 
 One pair bulir millstones $250 11 
 
 337 pounds plaster of Paris 20 22 
 
 Two dozen sickles. . . 18 00 
 
 Total $288 33 
 
 Upon the lS)th of January, 1824, the General 
 writes: " Tlie mode suggested by Col. Snelling, 
 of fixing the price to be paid to the troops for tlie 
 flour furnished by them is deemed equitable and 
 just. You will accordingly pay for the flour 
 $3.33 per barrel." 
 
 Charlotte Ouisconsin Van Cleve, now the oldest 
 person living who was connected with the can- 
 tonment m 1819, in a paper read before the De- 
 partment of American History of the Minnesota 
 Historical Society in January, 1880, wrote : 
 
 " In 1823, Mrs. Snelling and my mother estab- 
 lished the first Sunday School in the Korthwest. 
 It was held in tlie basement of the commanding 
 offlcer's quarters, and was productive of much 
 good. Many of the soldiers, with their families, 
 attended. Joe. Brown, since so well know in 
 this country, then a drummer boy, was one of 
 the pupils. A Bible class, for the officers and 
 their wives, was formed, and all became so inter- 
 ested in the hi.story of the patriarclis, that it fur- 
 nislied topics of conversation for the week. One 
 day after the Sunday School lesson on tlie death of 
 Moses, a member of the class meeting my mother 
 on the parade, after exchanging the usual greet- 
 ings, said, in saddened tones, ' But don't you feel 
 sorry that Moses is dead V " 
 
 Early in the spring of 1824, the TuUy boys 
 were rescued from the Sioux and brought to the 
 fort. They were children of one of the settlers 
 of Lord Selkirk's colony, and with their parents 
 and others, were on their way from Red River 
 Valley to settle near Fort Snelling. 
 
 The party was attacked by Inilians, and the 
 parents of these children murdered, and the boys 
 captured. Through the influence of Col. Snell- 
 ing the children were ransomed and brought 
 to the fort. Col. Snelling took John and 
 my father Andrew, the younger of the two. 
 Everyone became interested in the orjihans, and 
 we loved Andrew as if he had been our own lit- 
 tle brother. John died some two years after his 
 arrival at the fort, and Mrs. Snelling asked me 
 
 when I last saw her if a tomb stone had been 
 placed at his grave, she as requested, during a 
 visit to the old home some years ago. She said 
 she received a promise that it should be done, 
 and seemed quite disappointed when I told her it 
 had not been attended to." 
 
 Andrew Tally, after being educated at an 
 Orphan Asylum in New York City, became a 
 carriage maker, and died a few years ago in that 
 vicinity. 
 
 EVENTS OF THE YE.\I{ A. D. 1824. 
 
 In the year 1824 the Fort was visited by Gen. 
 Scott, on a tour of inspection, and at his sug- 
 gestion, its name was changed from Fort St. 
 Ajithony to Fort Snelling. The following is an 
 extract from his report to the War Department: 
 
 " This work, of which the War Department is 
 in possession of a plan, reflects the highest credit 
 on Col. Snelling, liis officers and men. The de- 
 fenses, and for the most part, the public store- 
 houses, shops and quarters being constructed of 
 stone, the whole is likely to endure as long as the 
 post shall remain a frontier one. The cost of 
 erection to the government has been the amount 
 paid for tools and iron, and the per diem paid 
 to soldiers employed as mechanics. I wish to 
 suggest to the General in Chief, and through him 
 to the War Department, the propriety of calling 
 this work Fort Snelling, as a just compliment 
 to the meritorious officer under whom it has 
 been erected. The present name, (Fort St. An- 
 thony), is foreign to all our associations, and is, 
 besides, geographically incorrect, as the work 
 stands at the junction of the Mississippi and 
 St. Peter's [Minnesota] Rivers, eight miles be- 
 low the great falls of the jNIississippi, called 
 after St. Anthony." 
 
 In 1824, ilajor Taliaferro proceeded to Wash- 
 ington with a delegation of Cliippeways and Dah- 
 kotahs, headed by Little Crow, the grand father 
 of the cliief of the same name, who was engaged 
 in the late horrible massacre of defenceless 
 women and children. The object of the visit, was 
 to secure a convocation of all the tribes of the 
 Upper Mississippi, at Prairie du Chein, to define 
 theirboundary lines and estiiblish friendly rela- 
 tions. When they reached Prairie du Chein, 
 Wahnatah, a Yankton chief, and also Wapashaw, 
 by the whisperings of mean traders, became dis-
 
 EXPLOBEBS AND PIONEEBS OF MINNESOTA. 
 
 affected, and wished to turn back. Little Crow, 
 perceiving tliis, stopped all hesitancy by the fol- 
 lowing speech: "^ly friends, you can do as you 
 please. I am no coward, nor can my ears be 
 pulled about by evil counsels. AVe are here and 
 should go on, and do some good for our nation. 
 I have taken our Father here (Taliaferro) by the 
 coat tail, and will follow him until I take by the 
 hand, our great American Father." 
 
 "Wliile on board of a steamer on the Ohio 
 Eiver, ilarcpee or the Cloud, in consequence of a 
 bad dream, jumped from the stern of the boat, 
 and was supposed to be drowiied. but he swam 
 ashore and made his way to St. Charles. Mo., 
 there to be murdeie<l by some Sacs. The re- 
 mainder safely arrived in Washington and ac- 
 complished the object of the visit. The Daliko- 
 tahs returned by way of Xew York, and while 
 there were anxious to pay a visit to certain par- 
 ties with "\Vm. Dickson, a half-breed son of Col 
 Robert Dickson, the trader, who in the war of 
 1812-15 led the Indians of the Xorthwest against 
 the United States. 
 
 After this visit Little Crow carried a new 
 double-barreled gun, and said that a medicine 
 man by the name of Peters gave it to him for 
 signing a certain paper, and that he also prom- 
 ised he would send a keel-boat full of goods to 
 them. The medicine man referred to was the 
 Rev. Samuel Peters, an Episcopal clergyman, 
 who had maile himself obno.xious during the 
 Revolution by his tory sentiments, and was sub- 
 sequently nominated as Bishop of '\'ermont. 
 
 Peters asserted that in ISOG he had purchased 
 of the heirs of Jonathan Cancer the right to a 
 tract of land on the upper ilississippi, embracing 
 St. Paul, alleged to have been given to Carver by 
 the Dahkotahs. in 17B7. 
 
 The next year there arrived, in one of the keel- 
 boats from Prairie du Chien, at Fort Snelliug a 
 box marked Col. Robert Dickson. On opening, it 
 was found to contain a few presents from Peters 
 to Dickson's Indian wife, a long letter, and a 
 copy of Carver's alleged grant, written on parch- 
 ment. 
 
 EVENTS OF THE YEARS 1825 AND 1826. 
 
 On the 30th of October, 1825, seven Indian 
 women in canoes, were drawn into the rapids 
 above the Falls of St. Anthony. All ^\ere saved 
 
 but a lame girl, who was dashed over the cata- 
 ract, and a month later her body was found at 
 Pike's Island in front of the fort. 
 
 Forty years ago, the means of communication 
 between Fort Snelling and the civilized world 
 were very limited. The mail in winter was usu- 
 ally carried by soldiers to Prairie du Chien. On 
 the 26th of January, 1826, there was great joy iu 
 the fort, caused by the return from furlough of 
 Lieutenants Baxley and Russell, who brought 
 with them the first mail received for five months. 
 About this period there was also another excite- 
 ment, cause by the seizure of liquors in the trad" 
 ing house of Alexis Bailey, at Xew Hope, now 
 ^lendota. 
 
 Dining the months of February and ^larcli, iu 
 this year, snow fell to the depth of two or three 
 feet, and there was great suffering among the 
 Indians. On one occasion, thirty lodges of Sisse- 
 ton and other Sioux were overtaken by a snow 
 storm on a large prairie. The storm continued 
 for three days, and provisions grew scarce, for 
 the party were seventy in number. At last, the 
 stronger men, with the few pairs of snow-shoes 
 in their possession, started for a trading post one 
 hundred miles distant. They reached their des- 
 tination half alive, and the traders sympathizing 
 sent four Canadians with supplies for those left 
 behind. After great toil they reached the scene 
 of distress, and foiuid many dead, and, what was 
 more horrible, the living feeding on the corpses 
 of their relatives. .V mother had eaten her dead 
 child and a portion of her own father's arms. 
 The shock to her nervous system was so great 
 that she lost her reason. Her name was Pash- 
 uno-ta, and she was botli young and good look- 
 ing. One day in September, while at Fort Snell- 
 ing, she asked Captain Jouett if he knew which 
 was the best iiortion of a man to eat, at the same 
 time taking him by the collar of his coat. He 
 replied with great astonishment, "Xo I" and she 
 then said, "The arms." She then asked for a 
 piece of his servant to eat, as she was nice and 
 fat. A few days after this she dashed herself 
 from the bluffs near Fort Snelling, into the river. 
 Iler body was found just al)ove the mouth of the 
 Minnesota, and decently interred by the agent. 
 
 The spring of 1826 was very backward. On 
 the 20th of March snow fell to the depth of one 
 or one and a half feet on a level, and drifted in
 
 NEGRO SLAVES AT FORT SNELLINQ. 
 
 97 
 
 heaps from six to fifteen feet in height. On the 
 5th of April, early in the day, there was a violent 
 storm, and the ice was still thick in the river. 
 During the storm flashes of lightning were seen 
 and thunder heard. On the 10th, the thermome- 
 ter was four degrees aljove zero. On the 14th 
 there was rain, and on the next day the St. Peter 
 river broke up, but the ice on the Mississippi re- 
 mained firm. On the 21st, at noon, the ice began 
 to move, and carried away ilr. Faribault's lunises 
 on the east side of the river. For several days 
 the river was twenty feet above low water mark, 
 and all the houses on low lands were swept off. 
 On the second of lilay, the steamboat T^awrence, 
 Captain Reeder, arrived. 
 
 Major Taliaferro had inherited several slaves, 
 which he used to hire to officers of the garrison. 
 On the 31st of March, his negi'o boy, WilUam, 
 was employed by Col. Snelling, the latter agree- 
 ing to clothe him. About this time, William at- 
 tempted to shoot a hawk, but instead shot a small 
 boy, named Henry Cullum, and nearly killed him. 
 In May, Captain Plympton, of the Fifth Infantry, 
 wished to purchase his negro woman, Eliza, but 
 he refused, as it was his intention, ultimately, to 
 free his slaves. Another of his negro girls, Har- 
 riet, was married at the fort, the Major perform- 
 ing the ceremony, to the uow historic Dred Scott, 
 who was then a slave of Surgeon Emerson. The 
 only person that ever purchased a slave, to retain 
 in slavery, was Alexis Bailly, who bought a man 
 of Major Garland. The Sioux, at first, had no 
 prejudices against negroes. They called them 
 " Black Frenchmen," and placing their hands on 
 their woolly heads would laugh heartily. 
 
 Tl e following is a list of the steamboats that 
 had ariived at Fort Snelling, up to iSIay 26, 1826 : 
 
 1 Virginia, May 10, 1823 ; 2 Neville ; 3 Put- 
 nam, April 2, 1825 ; 3 jSIandan ; 5 Indiana ; 6 Law- 
 rence, May 2, 1826 ; 7 Sciota ; 8 Eclipse ; 9 Jo- 
 sephine; 10 Fulton; 11 Red Rover; 12 Black 
 Rover; 13 Warrior; 14 Enterprise; l.j Volant. 
 
 Life within the walls of a fort is sometimes the 
 exact contrast of a paradise. In the year 1826 a 
 Pandora box was opened, among the officers, and 
 dissensions liegan to prevail. One young officer, 
 a graduate of West Pomt, whose father had been 
 a professor in Princeton College, fouglit a duel 
 with, and slightly wounded, William Joseph, the 
 talsnted sun of Colonel Snelhng, who was then 
 
 twenty-tv\'o years of age, and had been three years 
 at West I'oint. At a Court ^lartial convened to 
 try the officer for violatuig the Articles of War, 
 the accused objected to the testimony of Lieut. 
 William Alexander, a Tennesseean, not a gradu- 
 ate of the Military Academy, on the ground that 
 he was an infidel. Alexander, hurt liy this allu- 
 sion, challenged the objector, and another duel 
 was fought, resulting only in sUght mjuries to 
 the clotliing of the combatants. Inspector Gen- 
 eral E. P. Gaines, after this, visited the fort, and 
 in his report of the inspection he wrote : " A 
 defect in the discipline of this regiment has ap- 
 peared in the character of certain personal con- 
 troversies, between the Colonel and several of his 
 young officers, the particulars of which I forbear 
 to enter into, assured as 1 am that they will be 
 developed in the proceedings of a general court 
 martial ordered for the trial of Lieutenant Hun- 
 ter and other officers at Jefferson Barracks. 
 
 " From a conversation witli the Colonel I can 
 have no doubt that he has erred in the course 
 pursued by him in reference to some of the con- 
 troversies, inasmuch as he has intimated to his 
 officers his willingness to sanction in certain cases, 
 and even to participate in personal conflicts, con- 
 trary to the twenty-fifth. Article of War."' 
 
 The Colonel's son, William Joseph, after this 
 passed several years among traders and Indians, 
 and became distinguished as a poet and brilliant 
 author. 
 
 His "Tales of the Northwest," published in 
 Boston in 1820, by Hilliard, Gray, Little & Wil- 
 kins, is a work of great literary ability, and CatUn 
 thought the book was the most faithful picture of 
 Indian life he had read. Some of his poems were 
 also of a high order. One of his pieces, deficient 
 in dignity, was a caustic satire upon modem 
 American poets, and was published under the 
 title of '■ Truth, a Gift for Scribblers." 
 
 Nathaniel P. Willis, who had winced inider 
 the last, wrote the following lampoon : 
 '• Oh, smelling Joseph ! Thou art like a cur. 
 
 I'm told thou once did live by hunting fur : 
 
 Of bigger dogs thou smellest, and, in sooth, 
 
 Of one extreme, perhaps, can tell the truth. 
 
 'Tis a wise shift, and shows thou know'st thy 
 powers. 
 
 To leave the 'North West tales," and take to 
 smelling ours."
 
 98 
 
 EXPLOHEES AXB PIOXEERS OF ^nNKESOTA. 
 
 In 1832 a second eSition of " Truth " appeared 
 •witli additions and emendations. In this ap- 
 peared the following pasquinade upon Willis : 
 "I live by hunting fur, thou say'st, so let it be, 
 But tell me, ^Tatty ! Had I hunted thee, 
 Had not my time been thrown away, yoimg sir, 
 And eke my powder ? Puppies have no fur. 
 
 Our tails ? Thou ownest thee to a tail. 
 I've scanned thee o'er and o'er 
 But. though 1 guessed the species right, 
 I was not sure before. 
 
 Our savages, authentic travelers say, 
 To natural fools, religious homage pay, 
 Eadst thou been bom in -wigwam's smoke, and 
 
 died in, 
 Nat ! thine apotheosis had been certain." 
 
 Snelling died at Chelsea, Mass., December six- 
 teenth. 1848, a victim to the appetite wliich en- 
 enslaved Eobert Burns. 
 
 In the year 1826, a small party of Ojibways 
 (Chippeways) came to see the Indian Agent, 
 and three of them ventured to ^isit the Coliun- 
 bia Fur Company's trading house, two miles 
 from the Fort. "VMiile there, they became 
 aware of their danger, and desired two of the 
 white men attached to the estabUshment to 
 accompany them back, thinking that their pres- 
 ence might be some protection. They were in 
 error. As they passed a little copse, three Dah- 
 kotahs sprang from behind a log with the speed of 
 light, lired their pieces into the face of the fore- 
 most, and then fled. The guns must have been 
 double loaded, for the man's head was literally 
 blown from his shoulders, and his white com- 
 panions were spattered w-ith brains and blood. 
 The survivors gained the Fort without further 
 molestation. Then- comrade was buried on the 
 spot where he fell. A staff was set up on his 
 grave, wliich became a landmark, and received 
 the name of The Murder Pole. The murderers 
 boasted of their achievement and with impunity. 
 They and their tribe thought that they had struck 
 a fair blow on their ancient enemies. In a becom- 
 ing manner. It was only said, that Toopunkah 
 Zeze of the vUlage of the Batture aux Fievres, 
 and two others, had each acquired a right to 
 ■wear skunk skins on their heels and war-eagles' 
 feathers on their heads. 
 
 EVENTS OF A. D. 1827. 
 
 On the twenty-eighth of May, 182", the Ojib- 
 way chief at Sandy Lake, Kee-wee-zais-hish 
 called by the English, Flat Mouth with seven 
 warriors and some women and cliildren. in all 
 amounthig to twenty-four. aiTived about sunrise 
 at Fort Snelluig. "Walking to the gates of the 
 i rison, tliey asked the protection of Colonel 
 SneUing and Taliaferro, the ludian agent. They 
 were told, that as long as they remained under 
 the United States flag, they were secure, and 
 ■were ordered to encamp ■^^^thin musket shot of 
 the high stone walls of the fort. 
 
 Dm-ing the af^eniopn, a Dahkotah, Toopunkah 
 Zeze, from a ^■illage near the first rapids of the 
 Minnesota, ■\dsited the O jib way camp. They 
 were cordially received, and a feast of me.it and 
 com and sugar, was soon made ready. The 
 wooden plates emptied of their contents, they 
 engaged in conversation, and wliiffed the peace 
 pipe. 
 
 That night, some officers and their friends were 
 spending a pleasant evening at the head-quarters 
 of Captain Clark, which was in one of the stone 
 houses which used to stand outside of the walls 
 of the fort. As Captain Cruger ■was walking on 
 the porch, a bullet whizzed by, and rapid firing 
 was heard. 
 
 As the Dahkotahs, or Sioux, left the Ojibway 
 camp, notwithstanding their friendly talk, they 
 tupned and discharged their guns with deadly aim 
 iipon their entertainers, and ran off with a shout 
 of satisfaction. The report was heard by the 
 sentinel of the fort, and he cried, repeatedly, 
 " Corporal of the guard I" and soon at the gates, 
 were the Ojibways, ■with their women and the 
 wounded, telling tlieir tale of woe in wild and in- 
 coherent language. Two had been killed and six 
 wounded. Among others, was a little girl about 
 seven years old. who was pierced through both 
 thighs ■with .' bullet. Surgeon McMahon made 
 every effort to save her life, but without avail. 
 
 Flat Mouth, the chief, reminded Colonel Snel- 
 ling that he Ji.ad been attacked while under the 
 protection of the United States flag, and early the 
 next morning, Captain Clark, -nith one hmidred 
 soldierc, proceeded towards Land's End, a tra- 
 ding-post of the Columbia Fur Company, on the 
 Minnesota, a mile above the former residence of
 
 TRAGIC SCENE UNDER THE WALLS OF THE FORT. 
 
 99 
 
 Franklin Steele, where the Dahkotahs were sup- 
 posed to be. The soldiers had just left the large 
 gate of the fort, when a party of Dahkotahs, in 
 battle array, appeared on one of tlie prairie 
 hills. After some parleying they turned their 
 backs, and being pursiied, thirty-two were cap- 
 tured near tlie trading-post. 
 
 Colonel Snelling ordered the prisoners to be 
 brought before the Ojibways, and two being 
 pointed out as participants in the slaughter of the 
 preceding night, they were delivered to the 
 aggrieved party to deal with in accordance with 
 their customs. They were led out to the plain 
 in front of the gate of the fort, and when placed 
 nearly witliout the range of tlie Ojibway guns, 
 they were told to run for tlieir lives. With the 
 rapidity of deer they bounded away, but the Oji))- 
 way bullet flew faster, and after a few steps, they 
 fell gasping on the ground, and were soon lifeless. 
 Then the savage nature displayed itself in all its 
 hideousness. Women and children danced for 
 joy, and placing tlieir fingers in the bullet holes, 
 from which tlie blood oozed, they licked them 
 with delight. The men tore the scalps from the 
 dead, and seemed to hixiniate in the privilege of 
 plunging their knives through the corpses. After 
 the execution, the Ojibways returned to the fort, 
 and were met by the Colonel. He had jirevented 
 all over wliom his authority extended from wit- 
 nessing the scene, and had done his best to con- 
 fine the excitement to the Indians. The same 
 day a deputation of Dahkotah warriors received 
 audience, regretting tlie violence that liad been 
 done by their young men, and agreeing to deliver 
 up the ringleaders. 
 
 At the time appointed, a son of Flat Mouth, 
 with those of the Ojibwa party tliat were not 
 wounded, escorted by United States troops, 
 marched forth to meet the Dahkotah deputation, 
 on the prairie just beyond tlie old residence of 
 the Indian agent. With much solemnity tvi'o 
 more of the guilty were handed over ,to the 
 assaulted. One was fearless, and with firmness 
 stripped himself of his clothing and ornaments, 
 and distributed them. The other could not face 
 death with composure. He was noted for a hid- 
 eous hare-lip, and had a bad reimtation among 
 his fellows. In the spirit of a coward lie prayed 
 tor life, to the mortification of his tribe. The 
 same opportunity was presented to them as to the 
 
 first, of running for their liws. At the first fire 
 the coward fell a corpse; but his brave compan- 
 ion, though wounded, ran on, and had nearly 
 reached the goal of safety, when a second bullet 
 killed him. The body of the coward now became 
 a common object of loathing for both Dahkotahs 
 and Ojibways. 
 
 Colonel Snelling told the Ojibways that the 
 bodies must be removed, and then they took the 
 scalped Dahkotahs, and dragging them by the 
 heels, threw them off the blufE into the river, a 
 hundred and fifty feet beneath. The dreadful 
 scene was now over ; and a detachment of troops 
 was sent with the old chief Flat Mouth, to escort 
 him out of the reach of Dahkotah vengeance. 
 
 An eyewitness wrote : " After this catastrophe, 
 all the Dahkotahs quitted the vicinity of Fort Snel- 
 ling, and dill not return to it for some months. 
 It was said that they formed a conspiracy to de- 
 mand a council, and kill the Indian Agent and 
 the commanding officer. If this was a fact, they 
 had no opportunity, or wanted tlie spirit, to exe- 
 cute their purpose. 
 
 " The Flat Mouth's band lingered in the fort 
 till their wounded comrade died. He was sensi- 
 ble of his condition, and bore his pains witli great 
 fortitude. "Wlien he felt his end approach, he 
 desired thiit his horse might be gaily caparisoned, 
 and brought to the hospital window, so that he 
 might touch the animal. He then took from his 
 medicine bag a large cake of maple sugar, and held 
 it forth. It naay seem strange, but it is true, that 
 the beast ate it from his hand. Iiis features 
 were radiant with deUght as he feU back on the 
 pillow exhausted. His horse had eaten the sugar, 
 he said, and he was sure of a favoral)le reception 
 and comfortable quarters in the other world. 
 Half an hour after, he breathed his last. AVe 
 tried to discover the details of his supei-stition, 
 but coidd not succeed. It is a suliject on which 
 Indians unwillhigly discourse." 
 
 In the fall of 1826, all the troops at I'rairie du 
 Cliien had been removed to Fort Snelling, the 
 commander taking with him two Winneliagoes 
 that had been confined in Fort Crawford. After 
 the soldiers left the Prairie, the Indians in the 
 vicinity were quite insolent. 
 
 In June, 1S27, two keel-boats passed I'rairie du 
 Chien on the way to Fort Snelling with provis- 
 ions. When they reached Wapashaw village, on
 
 100 
 
 EXPLOEERS AND PIONEEBS OF MINNESOTA.. 
 
 the site of the present town of "Winona, the crew 
 were ordered to come ashore by the Dahkotahs. 
 Complying, they foimd themselves surrounded by 
 Indians with hostile intentions. Tlie boatmen 
 had no tire-arms, but assuming a bold mien and a 
 defiant voice, the captain of the keel-boats ordered 
 the savages to leave the decks ; which was suc- 
 cessful, The boats pushed on, and at Ked Wing 
 and Kaposia the Indians showed that they were 
 not friendly, though they did not molest the 
 boats. Before they started on their return from 
 Fort Snelling, the men on board, amounting to 
 thirty-two, were all provided with muskets and a 
 barrel of ball cartridges. 
 
 When the descending keel-boats passed Wapa- 
 shaw, the Dahkotas were engaged in the war 
 dance, and menaced them, but made no attack. 
 Below this point one of the boats moved in ad- 
 vance of the other, and when near the mouth of 
 the Bad Axe. the half-breeds on board descried 
 hostile Indians on the banks. As the channel 
 neared the shore, the sixteen men on the first 
 boat were greeted with the war whoop and a vol- 
 ley of rifle balls from the excited Wiimebagoes, 
 killing two of the crew. Rushing into their ca- 
 noes, the Indians made the attempt to board the 
 boat, and two were successful. One of these 
 stationed himself at the bow of the boat, and 
 fired with killing effect on the men below deck. 
 An old soldier of the last war with tireat Britain, 
 called Saucy Jack, at last despatched him, and 
 began to rally the fainting spirits on board. Du- 
 ring the figlit the boat had stuck on a sand-bar. 
 ^\'ith four companions, amid a shower of balls 
 from the savages, he plunged into the water and 
 pushed off the boat, and thus moved out of reach 
 of the galling shots of the Winnebagoes. As 
 they floated dovm the river during the night, 
 they heard a wail in a canoe behind them, the 
 voice of a father mourning the death of the son 
 who had scaled the deck, and was now a corpse 
 in possession of the white men. The rear boat 
 passed the Bad Axe river late in the night, and 
 escaped an attack. 
 
 The first keel-boat arrived at Prairie du Chein. 
 with two of their crew dead, four wounded, and 
 the Indian that had been killed on the boat. The 
 two dead men had been residents of the Prairie, 
 and now the panic was increased. On the morn- 
 ing of the twenty-eighth of June the second 
 
 keel -boat appeared, and among her passengers 
 was Joseph Snelling, the talented son of the 
 colonel, who WTote a story of deep interest, based 
 on the facts narrated. 
 
 At a meeting of the citizens it was resolved to 
 repair old Fort Crawford, and Thomas McXair 
 was appointed captain. Dirt was thrown around 
 the bottem logs of the fortification to prevent its 
 being fired, and young Snelling was put in com- 
 mand of one of the block-houses. On the next 
 day a voyageur named Loyer, and the well-known 
 trader Duncan Graham, started through the in- 
 terior, west of the Mississippi, with intelUgence 
 of the murders, to Fort Snelling. Intelligence 
 of this attack was received at tlie fort, on the 
 evening of the ninth of July, and Col. Snelling 
 started in keel boats with four companies to Fort 
 Crawford, and on the seventeenth four more 
 companies left under Major Fowle. After an 
 absence of six weeks, the soldiers, without firing 
 a gun at the enemy, returned. 
 
 A few weeks after the attack upon the keel 
 boats General Gaines inspected the Fort, and, 
 subsequently in a communication to the War 
 Department wrote as follows ; 
 
 •• The main points of defence against an enemy 
 appear to luive been in some respects sacrificed, 
 in the effort to secure the comfort and conven- 
 ience of troops m peace. These are important 
 considerations, but on an exposed frontier the 
 primary object ought to be security against the 
 attack of an enemy. 
 
 " The buildings are too large, too numerous, 
 and extending over a space entirely too great, 
 enclosing a large parade, five times greater than 
 is at all desireable in that climate. The build- 
 ings for the most part seem well constructed, of 
 good stone and other materials, and they contain 
 every desirable convenience, comfort and securi- 
 ty as barracks and store houses. 
 
 '• The work may be rendered very strong and 
 adapted to a garrison of two hundred men by re- 
 moving one-half the buildings, and -with the ma- 
 terials of which they are constructed, building a 
 tower sutticiently high to command the hill be- 
 tween the Mississippi and St. Peter's [Minnesota], 
 and by a block house on the extreme point, or 
 brow of the cliff, near the commandant's quarters, 
 to secure most effectually the banks of the river, 
 and the boats at the landing.
 
 DEATH OF COL. JOSIAH SNELLING. 
 
 101 
 
 " Much credit is due to Colonel Snelling, his 
 officers and men, for their immense labors and 
 excellent workmanship exhibited in the construc- 
 tion of these barracks and store houses, but this 
 has been effected too mucli at the expense of the 
 discipline of the regiment." 
 
 From reports made from 1823 to 1826, the health 
 of the troops was good. In the year ending Sep- 
 tember thirty, 1823, there were but two deaths; 
 in 1824 only six, and in 182.5 but seven. 
 
 In 182ii there were three desertions, in 182-1 
 twenty-two, and in 1825 twenty-nine. Most of 
 the deserters were fresh recruits and natives of 
 America, Ten of the deserters were foreigners, 
 and five of these were born in Ireland. In 1S26 
 there were eight companies numbering two hun- 
 
 dred and fourteen soldiers quartered in the Fort- 
 During the fall of 1827 the Fifth Regiment was 
 reUeved by a part of the First, and the next year 
 Colonel Snelling proceeded to "Washington on bus- 
 iness, where he died with inflammation of the 
 brain. Major General Macomb announcing his 
 death in an order, wrote : 
 
 " Colonel Snelling joined the army in early 
 youth. In the battle of Tippecanoe, he was 
 distinguished for gallantry and good conduct. 
 Subsequently and during the whole late war with 
 Great Britain, from the battle of Brownstown to 
 the termination of the contest, he was actively 
 employed in the field, with credit to himself, and 
 honor to his country."
 
 102 
 
 EXPLOEEES ASD PIOXEEBS OF MIXy^ESOTA. 
 
 CILiPTER XYII. 
 
 OCCITKRENCES IN THE -^^CrN^TT OF FORT SPELLING, CONTINUED. 
 
 Arrival of J. N. NiMllei— Marriage of James Wells— NicoHefs letter from Falls- 
 of St. Alithouy— Perils of Martin MoI.eod— Chippeway t rcachery— Sioux Rft 
 venge — Bum River and Stillwater tattles— Grog shops near the Fort. 
 
 On the second of July 1836, the steamboat 
 Saint Peter lauded supplies, and among its 
 passengers was the distinguished French as- 
 tronomer. Jean N. Nicollet (iJficolay). Major 
 Taliaferro on the twelfth of July, wrote; 
 " Mr. Xicollet, on a visit to the post for scientific 
 research, and at present in my family, has shown 
 me the late work of Henry E. Schoolcraft on the 
 discovery of the source of the ^lississippi ; which 
 claim is ridiculous in the extreme." On the 
 twenty-seventh, Nicollet ascended the Mississippi 
 on a tour of observation. 
 
 James "Wells, a trader, who afterwards was a 
 member of the legislature, at the house of OUver 
 Cratte, near the fort, was married on the twelfth 
 of September, by Agent Taliaferro, to Jane, a 
 daughter of Duncan Graham. Wells was killed 
 in 1862, by the Sioux, at the time of the massacre 
 in the Minnesota Yalley. 
 
 Nicollet in September returned from his trip 
 to Leech Lake, and on the twenty-seventh wrote 
 the following to Major Taliaferro the Indian 
 Agent at the fort, which is supposed to be the 
 earUest letter extant written from the site of the 
 city of Minneapohs. As the principal hotel and 
 one of the finest avenues of that citj' bears his 
 name it is worthy of preservation. He spelled 
 bis name sometimes Nicoley, and the pronuncia- 
 tion in English, would be Nicolay, the same as 
 if written Nicollet in French. Tlte letter shows 
 that he had not mastered the English language : 
 " St. Anthony's Falls, 27th September, 1836, 
 
 Dear Friend :— I arrived last evening about 
 dark; all well, nothing lost, nothing broken, 
 happy and a veiy successful journey. But I 
 done exhausted, and notlung c;m reheve me, but 
 the pleasure of meeting you agam under your 
 hospitable roof, and to see all the friends of the 
 garrison who have been so kind to me. 
 
 " This letter is more particularly to give you 
 a very extraordinary tide. Flat Mouth, the chief 
 of Leech Lake and suite, ten in number are with 
 me. The day before yesterday I met them again 
 at Swan river where they detained me one day. 
 I had to bear a new harangue and gave answer. 
 All terminated by their own resolution that they 
 ought to give you the hand, as well as to the 
 Guinas of the Fort {Colouel Davenport.) I 
 thought it my dutj' to acquaint you with it be- 
 forehand. Peace or war are at stake of the visit 
 they pay you. Please give them a good welcome 
 until I have reported to you and Colonel Daven- 
 port all that has taken place duiing my stay 
 among the Pillagers. But be assured 1 have not 
 trespassed and that I have behaved as would 
 have done a good citizen of the U. S. As to 
 Schoolcraft's statement alluding to you, you will 
 have full and complete satisfaction from Flat 
 Mouth himself. In haste, your fiiend. J. N. 
 Nicoley." 
 
 e-n^ents of a. d. 1s37. 
 
 On the seventeenth of March. 1S37, there ar- 
 rived Martin !McLeod, who became a iirominent 
 citizen of ilinnesota, and the legislature has 
 given his name to a county. 
 
 He left the Red River coimtry on snow shoes, 
 with two companions, one a Polander and the 
 other an Irishman named Hays, and Pien-e Bot^ 
 tineau as interpreter. Being lost in a \iolent 
 snow stonn the I'ole and Iiishman perished. He 
 and his guide, Bottuieau. lived for a time on the 
 flesh of one of their dogs. ^Vlter being twenty- 
 six days without seeing any one, the sursivors 
 reached the trading jxist of Joseph R. Brown, at 
 Lake Traverse, and from thence they came to 
 the fort. 
 
 evjents of a. d. 1S38. 
 
 In the month of April, eleven Sioux were slain 
 in a dastardly niamier, by a party of Ojibways,
 
 INDIAN BATTLES AT BUM BIVEB AND STILLWATEB. 
 
 103 
 
 under the noted and elder Hole-in-the-Day. The 
 Chippeways feigned the warmest friendship, and 
 at dark lay down in the tents by the side of the 
 Sioux, and in the night silently arose and killed 
 them. The occurrence took place at the Chippe- 
 way River, about thirty miles from Lac qui Parle, 
 and the next day the Kev. G. H. Pond, the Indian 
 missionary, accompanied by a Sioux, \.ent out 
 and buried the mutilated and scalpless bodies. 
 
 On the second of August old Hole-in-the-Day, 
 and some Ojibways, came to the fort. They 
 stopped first at the cabin of Peter Quinn, whose 
 wife was a half-breed Chippeway, about a mile 
 from the fort. 
 
 The missionary, Samuel W. Pond, told tlie 
 agent that the Sioux, of Lake CaUioun were 
 aroused, and on their way to attack the Chippe- 
 ways. The agent quieted them for a time, but 
 two of the relatives of those slain at Lac qui Parle 
 in April, hid themselves nearQuinn's house, and 
 as Hole-in-the-Day and his associates were pass- 
 ing, they fired and killed one Chippeway and 
 wounded another. Obequette, a Chippeway from 
 Red Lake, succeded, however, in shooting a 
 Sioux while he was m the act of scalpuig his 
 comrade. The Chippeways were brouglit vrithm 
 the fort as soon as possible, and at nine o'clock 
 a Sioux was confined in the guard-house as a 
 hostage. 
 
 Notwithstanding the murdered Chippeway had 
 been buried in the graveyard of the fort for safety, 
 an attempt was made on the part of some of the 
 Sioux, to dig it up. On the evening of the sixth. 
 Major Plympton sent the Cliippeways across the 
 river to the east side, and ordered them to go 
 home as soon as possible. 
 
 EVISNTS OF A. D. 1839. 
 
 On the twentieth day of Jmie the elder Hole- 
 in-the-Day arrived from the Upper Mississippi 
 with several liundred Chippeways. Upon their 
 return homeward tlie Mississippi and Mille Lacs 
 band encamped the first night at the Falls of Samt 
 Anthony, and some of the Sioux visited them and 
 smoked the pipe of peace. 
 
 On the second of July, aliout sunrise, a son-m- 
 law of the cliief of tlie Sioux band, at Lake Cal- 
 hinui, named Meekaw or Badger, was killed and 
 scalped by two Chippeways of the Pillager band, 
 relatives of him who lost his life near Patrick 
 
 Qiunn's the year before. The excitement was 
 intense among the Sioux, and immediately war 
 parties started in pursuit. Hole-in-the-Day "s 
 band was not sought, but the Mille Lacs and 
 Saint Croix Cliippeways. The Lake Calhoun 
 Sioux, with tliose from the villages on the 
 Minnesota, assembled at the i'alls of Saint 
 Anthony, and on the moniiug of the fourtli 
 of July, came up with the Mille Lacs 
 Chippeways on Rum River, before sunrise. Not 
 long after tlie war wlioop was raised and the 
 Sioux attacked, killuig and womiding ninety. 
 
 The Kaposia band of Sioux pursued the Saint 
 Croix Chippeways, and on the third of July found 
 them m the Penitentiary ravine at Stillwater, 
 imder the influence of whisky. Aitkin, the old 
 trader, was ^^•ith them. Tlie siglit of the 
 Sioux tended to make them sober, but in the fight 
 twenty-one were killed and twenty-nine were 
 wounded. 
 
 Whisky, durmg the year 1839, was freely in- 
 troduced, in the face of the law prohibiting it. 
 The first boat of the season, the Ariel, came to 
 the fort on the fourteenth of AprU, and brought 
 twenty barrels of whisky for Joseph R. Brown, 
 and oil tlie twenty-first of May, the Glaucus 
 brouglit six barrels of liquor for David Faribaidt. 
 On the thirtieth of June, some soldiers went to 
 Joseph R. Brown's groggery on the opposite side 
 of the jMississippi, and that night forty - seven 
 were in the guard-house for di'unkeimess. The 
 demoraUzation then existing, led to a letter by 
 Surgeon Emerson, on duty at the fort, to the Sur- 
 geon Cieneral of the United States army, in which 
 he writes : 
 
 " The whisky is brought here by citizens who 
 are pourmg in upon us and settling themselves 
 on the opposite shore of the Mississippi river, 
 in defiance of our worthy commanding officer. 
 Major J. Plympton, whose authority they set 
 at naught. At this moment there is a 
 citizen named Brown, once a soldier in 
 the Fifth Infantry, who was lUscharged at 
 this post, while Colonel Suelliug commanded, 
 and who has been since employed by the Ameri- 
 can Fur Comjiany, actually building on the land 
 marked out by the land officers as the reserve, 
 and within gunshot distance of the fort, a very 
 expensive whisky shop."
 
 104 
 
 EXPLOBEIiS AXD PIOyEEBS OF MINKEiiOTA. 
 
 CHAPTER XVIII. 
 
 rNDlAN TRIBES IN MINNESOTA AT THE TIME OF IT^ ORGANIZATION. 
 
 Sioux or DAlikotali people— Meaning of words Sioux and Dalikot-ili— Early villages 
 .—Residence of Sioux in 1849— The Winueliagoes- The Ojil.ways or Chippeways. 
 
 Tlip three Iiuliaii nations who dwelt in this 
 region after the organization of ^linnesota, were 
 the Sioux or Dahkotahs ; the Ojibways or Chip- 
 peways ; and the Ilo-tchim-graws or Winneba- 
 goes. 
 
 SIOUX OR DAHKOTAHS. 
 
 They are an entirely different gronp from the 
 Algonquin and Iroquois, who were found by the 
 early settlers of the Atlantic States, on the banks 
 of the Connecticut, Mohawk, and Susquehanna 
 Rivers. 
 
 "When the Dahkotahs were first noticed by the 
 European adventurers, large numbers were occu- 
 jiying the Mille Lacs region of country, and appro- 
 priately called by the voyageur, "People of the 
 Lake," "Gens du Lac."' And tradition asserts that 
 here was the ancient centre of this tribe. Though 
 we have traces of their warring and limiting on the 
 shores of Lake Superior, there is no satisfactory 
 evidence of their residence, east of the Mille Lacs 
 region, as they have no name for Lake Superior. 
 
 The word Dahkotah, by which they love to be 
 designated, signifies allied or jomed together in 
 friendly compact, and is equivalent to '• E pluri- 
 bus unum,"' the motto on the seal of the United 
 States. 
 
 In the history of the mission at La Pointe, 
 AVisconsin, published nearly two centuries ago, a 
 a writer, referring to the Dahkutalis, remarks : 
 
 "For sixty leagues from the extremity of the 
 Upper Lake, toward sunset; and, as it were in 
 the centre of the western nations, they have all 
 imilcd their force by a general league.'' 
 
 The Dahkotahs in the earliest documents, and 
 even until the present day, are called Sioux, Scioux, 
 or Soos. The name originated with the early voy- 
 ageurs. Tor centuries the Ojibways of Lake 
 Superior waged war against the Dahkotahs ; and, 
 
 whenever they spoke of them, called them Xado- 
 waysioux, which signifies enemies. 
 
 The French traders, to avoid exciting the atten- 
 tion of Indians, while conversing in their pres- 
 ence, were accustomed to designate them by 
 names, which would not be recognized. 
 
 The Dahkotahs were nicknamed Sioux, a word 
 composed of the two last syllables of the Ojibway 
 word for foes 
 
 Under the influence of the French traders, the 
 eastern Sioux began to v^ander from the Mille 
 Lacs region. A trading post at 0-ton-we-kpa- 
 dan, or Rice Creek, above the Falls of Saint 
 Anthony, induced some to erect their summer 
 dwellings and plant corn there, which took the 
 place of wild rice. Those who dwelt here were 
 called "\Va-kpa-a-ton-we-dan Those who dwell on 
 the creek. Another division was known as the 
 Ma-tan- ton-wan . 
 
 Less than a hundred years ago, it is said that 
 the eastern Sioux, pressed by the Chippeways, 
 and influenced by traders, moved seven miles 
 above Fort Snelling on the Minnesota River. 
 
 MED-DAY-AVAII-KAWX-TWAWNS. 
 
 In 1849 there were seven villages of Jled-day- 
 wali-kawn-twawn Sioux. (1) Below Lake I'epin, 
 where the city of "Winona is, was the \-illage of 
 "Wapashaw. This band was called Kee-yu-ksa, 
 because with them lilood relations intermarried. 
 Bounding or "Whipping "Wmd was the chief. (2) 
 At the head of Lake Pepin, under a lofty bluff, 
 was the Red AVing village, called Gliay-mni-chan 
 Hill, wood and water. Shooter was the name 
 of the chief. (3) Opposite, and a little below the 
 I'ig's Eye Marsh, was the Kaposia band. The 
 word, Kapoja means light, given because these 
 people are quick travelers. His Scarlet People, 
 better kno\Aii as Little Crow, was the chief, and 
 is notorious as the leader in the massacre of 1862. 
 
 On the Minnesota River, on the south side
 
 NOTICE OF THE HOTCHCNGRA WS, OR WINNEBAGOES. 
 
 105 
 
 a few miles above Fort Snelling, was Black Dog 
 village. The inhabitants were called, Ma-ga-yu- 
 tay-shnee. People who do not a geese, be- 
 cause they foiuid it profitable to sell game at Fort 
 Snelling. Grey Iron was the chief, also known 
 as Pa-ma-ya-yaw, My head aches. ' 
 
 At Oak Grove, on the north side of the nver, 
 eight miles above the fort, was (5) Hay-ya-ta-o- 
 ton-wan, or Inland Village, so called because 
 they formerly lived at Lake Calkoun. Contigu- 
 ous was (0) 0-ya-tay-shee-ka, or Bad People, 
 Known as Good Roads Band and (7) the largest 
 village was Tin-ta-ton-wan, Prairie Village ; 
 Shokpay, or Six, was the chief, and is now the 
 site of the town of Shakopee. 
 West of this division of the Sioux were— 
 
 WAR-FAY-KU-TAY. 
 
 The War-pay-ku-tay, or leaf shooters, who 
 occupied the country south of the Minnesota 
 around the sources of the Cannon and Blue Earth 
 Elvers. 
 
 WAR-PA Y-TWAWNS. 
 
 North and west of the last were the War-pay- 
 twawns, or People of the Leaf, and their princi- 
 pal village was Lac qui Parle. They numbered 
 about fifteen hundred. 
 
 SE-SEE-TWAWNS. 
 
 To the west and southwest of these bands of 
 Sioux were the Se-see-twawns (Sissetoans), or 
 Swamp Dwellers. This band claimed the land 
 west of the Blue Earth to the James River, and 
 the guardianship of the Sacred Red Pipestone 
 Quarry. Their principal village was at Traverse, 
 and the number of the band was estimated at 
 thirty-eight hundred. 
 
 HO-TCHUN-GRAWS, OR WINNEBAGOES. 
 
 The Ho-tchun-graws, or Winnebagoes, belong 
 to the Dahkotah family of aborigines. Cham- 
 plain, although he never visited them, mentions 
 them. XicoUet, wlio had been in his employ, 
 visited Green Bay about the year 1635, and an 
 early Relation mentions that he saw the Ouini- 
 pegous, a people called so, because they came 
 from a distant sea, which some French erron- 
 eously called Puants. Another writer speak- 
 
 ,ing of these people says: "This people are 
 called ' Les Puants ' not because of any bad odor 
 .peculiar to them, but because they claim to have 
 come from the shores of a far distant lake, 
 towards the north, whose waters are salt. They 
 call themselves the people ' de Teau puants,' of 
 the putrid or bad water." 
 
 By the treaty of 1837 they were removed to 
 Iowa, and by another treaty in October, 1846, 
 they came to Minnesota in the spring of 1848, 
 to the country between the Long Prairie, 
 and Crow Wing Rivers. The agency was located 
 on Long Prairie River, forty miles from the 
 Mississippi, and in 1849 the tribe numbered 
 about twenty-five hundred souls. 
 
 In February 1855, another treaty was made 
 with them, and that spring they removed to lands 
 on the Blue Earth River. Owing to the panic 
 caused by the outbreak of the Sioux in 1862, Con- 
 gress, by a special act, without consulting them, 
 in* 1863, removed them from their fields in Min- 
 nesota to the Missouri River, and in the words 
 of a missionary, "they were, hke the Sioux, 
 dumped in the desert, one hundred miles above 
 Fort Randall" 
 
 OJIBWAY OR CHIPPEWAY NATION. 
 
 The O jib ways or Leapers, when the French 
 came to Lake Superior, had their chief settlement 
 at Sault St. Marie, and were called by the French 
 Saulteurs, and by the Sioux, Ilah-ha-tonwan, 
 Dwellers at the Falls or Leaping Waters. 
 
 "WTien Du Luth erected his trading post at the 
 western extremity of Lake Superior, they had not 
 obtained any foothold in Minnesota, and were 
 constantly at war with their hereditary enemes, 
 the Nadouaysioux. By the middle of the 
 eighteenth century, they hadptished in and occu- 
 pied Sandy, Leech, Mille Lacs and other points 
 between Lake Superior and the Mississippi, which 
 had been dwelling places of the Sioux. In 1820 
 the principal villages of Ojibways in Minnesota 
 were at Fond du Lac, Leech Lake and Sandy 
 Lake. In 1837 they ceded most of their lands. 
 Since then, other treaties have been made, until 
 in the year 1881, they are confined to a few res- 
 ervations, in northern Minnesota and vicinity.
 
 106 
 
 EXPLOEEBS AND PIONEERS OF MIXXESOTA. 
 
 CHAPTER XIX. 
 
 EARLY MISSIONS AMOKG THE OJIBWAYS AND DAHKOTAHS OF JIimSTESOTA. 
 
 Jesuit Missions not permanent — Pr«-sl'\1erian Mission at Mactinaw — Visit of Rev. 
 A. Coe anj J D. Stevens to Fort Siielling — Notice of Ayers. Hall, and Boutwell 
 — yomiatioil of the wor^l Itasca — The Brothers Pond — Arrival of Dr. William- 
 son— Preshj-tenau Church at Fort Snelling — Mission at Lake Harriet — Mourn- 
 ing for the Dead — Church at Lac-qui parle — Father RavouK — Mission at Lake 
 Poke^uua — Attack by the Sioux — Chippeway attack at Pig's Eye — Death of 
 Rev. Sherman Hall— Methodist Missions Rev. S. W. Pond prepares a Sioox 
 Grammar and Dictionary Swiss Presbyterian Mission. 
 
 Bancroft the distinguished historian, catcliing 
 the enthusiasm of the narratives of the early 
 Jesuits, depicts, in language which glows, tlieir 
 missions to the Xorthwest ; yet it is erroneous 
 to suppose that the Jesuits exercised any perma- 
 nent uifluence on the Aborigines. 
 
 Shea, a devoted member of the Eoman Catho- 
 lic Church, in his History of American Catholic 
 Missions writes : " In UiSii Father Ensralran was 
 apparently alone at Green Bay. and Pierson at 
 Mackinaw. Of the other missions neither Le- 
 Clerq nor Hennepin, the Eecollect writers of the 
 West at this time, make any mention, or in any 
 way allude to their existence." He also says 
 that "Father Alenard had projected a Sioux 
 mission; Marquette, AUouez, Dniilletes, aU en- 
 tertained hopes of realizing it, and had some 
 uitercourse with that nation, but none of them 
 ever succeeded in establishing a mission." 
 
 Father Hennepin wrote; '■ Can it be possible, 
 that, that pietemled prodigious amoimt of savage 
 converts could escape the sight of a multitude 
 of French Canadians who travel every year ? 
 * * * * How comes it to pass that these 
 churches so devout and so numerous, should be 
 invisible, when I passed through so many 
 countries and nations ? " 
 
 After the American Fnr Company was formed, 
 the island of Mackinaw became the residence of 
 the principal agent for the Northwest, Robert 
 Stuart a Scotchman, and devoted Presliyterian. 
 In the mouth ot Jmie, 1820. the Rev. Dr. 
 Slorse, father of the distinguished inventor of 
 the telegraph, visited and preached at Mackinaw. 
 ;md in consequence of statements published by 
 
 him.ujwn his return, a Presbyterian Missionary 
 Society in the state of iNew York sent a graduate 
 of Union College, the Rev. W. M. Ferry, father 
 of the present United States Senator from Michi- 
 gan, to explore the field. In 1823 he had estab- 
 lished a large boarding school composed of 
 children of various tribes, and here some were 
 educated who became wives of men of intelli- 
 gence and influence at the capital of Minnesota. 
 After a few years, it was determined by the 
 Mission Board to modify its plans, and in the 
 place of a great central station, to send mission- 
 aries among the several tribes to teach and to 
 preach. 
 
 In pursuance of this policy, the Rev. Alvan 
 Coe, and J. D. Stevens, theu a licentiate who 
 had been engaged in the Mackinaw ilission, 
 made a tour of exploration, and arrived on 
 September 1, 1829. at Fort Snelling. In the 
 journal of Major Lawrence Taliaferro, which 
 is in possession of the ilinnesota Historical 
 Society, is the following entry : '■ The Rev. 
 Mr. Coe and Stevens reported to be on their way 
 to this post, members of the Presbj'terian church 
 looking out for suitable places to make mission- 
 ary establishment for the Sioux and Chippeways, 
 found schools, and mslruct in the arts and agri- 
 culture. ' 
 
 Tlie agent, .ilthough not at that time a commu- 
 nicant of the Church, welcomed these visitors, 
 and afforded them every facility in visiting the 
 Indians. On Sunday, the 6th of September, the 
 Rev. Mr. Coe preached tvsice m the fort, and the 
 next ni.nht held a pra\ er meeting at the quarters 
 of the commanding otlicer. On the next Simday 
 he preached again, and on the 14th, with Mr. 
 Stevens and a hired guide, i-eturned to Mackinaw 
 by way of the SI. Croix river. During this visit 
 the agent offered for a Presbyterian mission the 
 mill wliich then stood on the site of ^linneapolis, 
 and had been erected by the govenmient, as well as
 
 FORMATION OF THE WORD ITA8KA. 
 
 107 
 
 the farm at Lake Calhoim, wliich was begun to 
 teach the Sioux agriculture. 
 
 CHIPPEWAY MISSIONS. 
 
 In 1830, r. Ayer, one of the teachers at Mack- 
 inaw, made an exploration as far as La Pouite, 
 and returned. 
 
 Upon the 30tli day of August, 1831, a Macki- 
 naw boat about forty feet long arrived at La 
 Pointe, brrnguig from Mackinaw the principal 
 trader, Mr. Warren, Rev. Sherman Hall and wife, 
 and Mr. Frederick Ayer, a catechist and teacher. 
 
 Mrs. Hall attracted great attention, as she was 
 the first white woman who had visited that 
 region. Sherman Hall was born on April 30, 
 180'1, at Wethersfleld, Vermont, and in 1828 
 graduated at Dartmouth College, and completed 
 his theological studies at Andover, Massachu- 
 setts, a few weeks before he journeyed to the 
 Indian country. 
 
 His classmate at Dartmouth and Andover, the 
 Rev W. T. Boutwell still living near Stillwater, 
 became his yoke-fellow, but remained for a time 
 at Mackinaw, which they reached about the mid- 
 dle of July. In June, 1832, Ileniy R. School- 
 craft, the head of an exploring expedition, invited 
 Mr. Boutwell to accompany him to the sources of 
 the Mississippi. 
 
 When the expedition reached Lac la Biche or 
 Elk Lake, on July 13, 1832, Mr. Schoolcraft, who 
 was not a Latm scholar, asked the Latin word for 
 truth, and was told "Veritas." He then wanted 
 the word which signified head, and was told 
 "caput." To the astonishment of many, School- 
 craft struck off the first sylable, of the word 
 ver-i-tas and tlie last sylable of ca-put, and thus 
 coined the word Itasca, which he gave to the 
 lake, and which some modem writers, with all 
 gravity, tell us was the name of a maiden who 
 once dwelt on its banks. Upon Mr. Boutwell's 
 return from this expedition he was at first asso- 
 ciated wdtli Mr. Hall in the mission at La Pointe. 
 
 In 1833 the mission band which had centered 
 at La Pointe diffused their influence. In Octo- 
 ber Rev. Mr. Boutwell went to Leech Lake, Mr. 
 Ayer opened a school at Yellow Lake, Wiscon- 
 sin, and Mr. E. F. Ely, now in CaUfomia, became 
 a teacher at Aitkin's tradmg post at Sandy Lake. 
 
 SlOrx MISSIONAItlES. 
 
 Mr. Boutwell, of Leech I^ake Station, on the 
 
 sixth of ISIay, 1834, happened to be on a visit to 
 Fort Snelling. While there a steamboat arrived, 
 and among the passengers were two young men, 
 brothers, natives of Washington, Connecticut, 
 Samuel W. and Gideon H. Pond, who had come, 
 constrained by the love of Clnist, and without con- 
 ferring with flesh and blood, to try to improve 
 the Sioux. 
 
 Samuel, the older brother, the year before, had 
 talked with a liquor seller in Galena, Illinois, who 
 had come from the Red River country, and the 
 desire was awakened to help the Sioux ; and he 
 wrote to his brother to go with him. 
 
 The Rev. Samuel W. Pond still lives at Shako- 
 pee, in the old mission house, the first building of 
 sawed lumber erected in the valley of the ilinne- 
 sota, aliove Fort Snelling. 
 
 MISSIONS AMONC+ THE SIOUX A. D. 1835. 
 
 About this period, a native of South Carolina, 
 a graduate of Jefferson College, Pennsylvania, 
 the Rev. T. S. Williamson, M. D., who pre\'iou3 
 to his orduiation had been a respectable physi- 
 cian in Ohio, was appointed by the American 
 Board of Foreign Missions to visit the Dahkotahs 
 with the view of ascertaining what could bo done 
 to introduce Christian instruction. Having made 
 inquiries at Prairie du Chien and Fort Snelling, 
 he reported tlie field was favorable. 
 
 The Presbyterian and Congregational Churches, 
 through their joint Missionary Society, appointed 
 the following persons to labor in Minnesota : 
 Rev. Thomas S. Williamson, M. D., missionary 
 and physician ; Rev. J. D. Stevens, missionary ; 
 Alexander Iluggins, farmer ; and their wives ; 
 Miss Sarah Poage, and Lucy Stevens, teachers; 
 who were prevented during the year 1834, by the 
 state of navigation, from entering upon their 
 work. 
 
 Duiing the winter of 1834-35, a pious officer 
 of the army exercised a good influence on his 
 fellow officers and soldiers luider his command. 
 In the absence of a chaplain of ordained minis- 
 ter, he, like General Ilavelock, of the British 
 army in India, was accustomed not only to drill 
 the soldiers, l)ut to meet them in bis own quar- 
 ters, and reason with them "of righteousness, 
 temperance, and judgment to come." 
 
 In the month of May, 1835, Dr. Williamson 
 and mission band arrived at Fort Snelling, and
 
 lOS 
 
 EXPLOBERS A:S^D PIONEERS OF MINNESOTA. 
 
 were hospitably received by the officers of the 
 garrison, the Indian Agent, and Mr. Sibley. Agent 
 of the Company at Mendota, who had been in 
 the country a few months. 
 
 On tlie twenty-seventh of this month the Rev. 
 Dr. Williamson uniteil in marriage at the Fort 
 Lieutenant Edward A. Ogden to EUza Edna, the 
 daughter of Captani G. A. Loomis. the first 
 marriage service in whicli a clergyman otBciated 
 in the present State of Minnesota. 
 
 On the eleventh of June a meeting was held 
 at the Fort to organize a Presbyterian Church, 
 sixteen persons who had been communicants, 
 and six who made a profession of faith, one of 
 whom was Lieutenant Ogden, were enrolled as 
 members. 
 
 Four elders were elected, among whom were 
 Capt. Gusta^Tis Loomis and Samuel AV. Pond. 
 The next day a lecture preparatory to administer- 
 ing the communion, was deUvered. and on Sun- 
 day, the 14th, the tirst organized church in the 
 "N'alley of the Upper Mississippi assembled for 
 the first time in one of the Company rooms of the 
 Fort. The services in the morning were conducted 
 by Dr. Williamson. The afternoon senice com- 
 menced at 2 o'clock. The sermon of Mr. Stevens 
 was upon a most appropriate text. 1st Peter, 11:25 ; 
 " For ye were as slveep going astray, but are now 
 returned unto the Shepherd and Bishop of your 
 souls." After the discourse, the sacrament of the 
 Lord's supper was administered. 
 
 At a meeting of the Session on the thirty-flrst 
 of July, Eev. J. D. Stevens, missionary, was in- 
 vited to preach to the church. " so long as the 
 duties of his mission will permit, and also to pre- 
 side at all the meetings of the Session.'' Captam 
 Gusta\-ns Loomis was elected Stated Clerk of the 
 Session, and they resolved to observe the monthly 
 concert of prayer on the first Monday of each 
 month, for the conversion of the world. 
 
 Two points were selected by the missionaries 
 as proper spheres of labor. Mr. Stevens and 
 family proceeded to Lake Harriet, and Dr. Wil- 
 Uamson and family, in June, proceeded to Lac 
 qui Parle. 
 
 As there had never been a chaplain at Fort 
 Snelling, the Rev. J. D. Stevens, the missionari' 
 at Lake Harriet, preaclied on Sundays to the 
 Presbyterian church, there, recently organized. 
 
 Writing on January twenty-seventh, 1836, he 
 says, in relation to his field of labor : 
 
 " Yesterday a portion of this band of Indians, 
 who had been some time absent from this ■sillage, 
 returned. One of the number (a woman 1 was 
 informed that a brother of hers had died during 
 her absence. He was not at this vUIage. but 
 with another band, and the information had just 
 reached here. In the evening they set up a most 
 piteous crying, or rather waiUng, which con- 
 tinued, with some little cessations, during the 
 night. The sister of the deceased brother would 
 repeat, times v>ithout number, words which may 
 be thus translated into English : • Come, my 
 brother, I shall see you no more for ever.' The 
 night was extremely cold, the thermometer 
 standmg from ten to twenty below zero. About 
 sunrise, next morning, preparation was made for 
 performing the ceremony of cutting their flesh, 
 in order to give relief to their grief of mind. 
 The snow was removed from the frozen ground 
 over about as large a space as would be required 
 to place a small Indian lodge or wigwam. In the 
 centre a very small fire was kindled up. not to 
 give warmth, apparently, but to cause a smoke. 
 The sister of the deceased, who was the chief 
 mourner, came out of her lodge followed by 
 three other women, who repaired to the place 
 prepared. They were all barefooted, and nearly 
 naked. Here they set up a most bitter lamenta- 
 tion and crying, mingling their wailings with the 
 words before mentioned. The principal mourner 
 commenced gashing or cutting her ankles and 
 legs up to the knees with a sharp stone, until her 
 legs were covered with gore and flowing blood ; 
 then in hke manner her arms, shoulders, and 
 breast. The others cut themselves in the same 
 way. but not so severely. On this poor infatuated 
 woman I presimie there were more than a hun- 
 dred long deep gashes in the flesh. I saw the 
 operation, and the blood instantly followed the 
 instrument, and flowed down upon the flesh. She 
 appeared frantic with grief. Through the pain 
 of her wounds, the loss of blood, exhaustion of 
 strength by fasting, loud and long-continued and 
 bitter groans, or the extreme cold upon her al- 
 most naked anil lacerated body, she soon sunk 
 upon the frozen ground, shaking as with a violent 
 fit of the ague, and writhing in apparent agony. 
 'Surely,' I exclaimed, as I beheld the bloody
 
 A SOMAN CATHOLIC MIShlONABY. 
 
 109 
 
 scene, 'the tender mercies of the heathen are 
 cruelty I' 
 
 '' The little church at the fort begins to mani- 
 fest something of ;i missionary spirit Their con- 
 tributions are considerable for so small a numlier. 
 I hope they will not only be willing to contribute 
 liberally of their substance, but will give them- 
 selves, at least some of them, to the missionary 
 work. 
 
 " The surgeon of the military post, Dr. Jarvis, 
 has been very assiduous in his attentions to us in 
 our sickness, and has very generously made a do- 
 nation to our board of twenty-five dollars, being 
 the amount of his medical services in our family. 
 
 "On the nineteenth instant we tomuienced a 
 school with six full Indian children, at least so in 
 all their habits, dress, etc.; not one could speak a 
 word of any language but Sioux. Tlie scliool lias 
 since increased to the niimber of twenty-flve. I 
 am now collecting and arranging words for a dic- 
 tionary. Mr. Pond is assiduously employed in 
 preparing a small spelling-book, which we may 
 forward next mail for printing. 
 
 On the fifteenth of September, 1836, a Presby- 
 terian church was organized at Lac-qui-Parle, a 
 branch of that in and near Fort Snelling, and 
 Joseph Renville, a mixed blood of great influ- 
 ence, became a commiuiicant. He had been 
 trained in Canada by a Eonian Catholic priest, 
 but claimed the right of private judgment. Mr. 
 Renville's wife was the first pure Dahkotah of 
 whom we have any record that ever joined the 
 Church of Christ. This church has never become 
 extinct, although ite members have been neces- 
 sarily nomadic. After the treaty of Traverse des 
 Sioux, it was removed to Hazlewood. Driven 
 from thence by the outbreak of 1862, it has be- 
 came the parent of other churches, in the valley 
 of the upper Missouri, over one of which John 
 Renville, a descendant of the elder at Lac-qui- 
 Parle, is the pastor. 
 
 ROMAN CATHOLIC MISSION ATTEMPTED. 
 
 Father Ravoux, recently from France, a sin- 
 cere and earnest priest of the Church of Rome, 
 came to Mendota in the autumn of 1841, and 
 after a brief sojourn with the Rev. L. Galtier, 
 who had erected Saint Paul's chapel, wliich has 
 given the name of Saint Paul to the capital of 
 Minnesota, he ascended the Mumesota River 
 and visited Lac-qui-Parle. 
 
 Bishop Loras, of Dubuque, WTote the next year 
 of his visit as follows : " Our young missionary, 
 M. Ravoux, passed the winter on the banks of 
 Lac-qui-Parle, without any other sujiport than 
 Providence, without any other means of conver- 
 sion than a burning zeal, he has WTonght in the 
 space of six months, a happy revolution among 
 the Sioux. From the time of his arrival he has 
 been occupied night and day in the study of their 
 language. ***** AVhen he instructs 
 the savages, he speaks to them with so much fire 
 whilst showing them a large copper crucifix which 
 he carries on his breast, that he makes the strong- 
 est impression upon them.'' 
 
 The impression, however was evanescent, and 
 he soon retired from the field, and no more efforts 
 were made in this direction by the Church of 
 Rome. This young Mr. Ravoux is now the higldy 
 respected vicar of the Roman Catholic diocese of 
 Alinnesota, and justly esteemed for his simpUcily 
 and unobtrusiveness. 
 
 CHIPPEWAY JUSSIONS AT POKEGUMA. 
 
 Pokeguma is one of the " Mille Lacs," or tlnni- 
 sand beautifid lakes for which ilinnesota is re- 
 markable. It is aliout foyror five miles m extent, 
 and a mile or more in width. 
 
 This lake is situated on Snake River, about 
 twenty miles above the junction of that stream 
 with the St. Croix. 
 
 In the year 1836, missionaries came to reside 
 among the Ojibways and Pokeguma, to promote 
 their temporal and spiritual vv'elfare. Tlieir mis- 
 sion liouse was built on the east side of the lake ; 
 but the Indian village was on an island not far 
 from the shore. 
 
 In a letter wTitten in 1837, we find tlie fol- 
 lowing: "The young women and girls now 
 make, mend, wash, and iron after our man- 
 ner. The men have learned to build log houses, 
 drive team, plough, hoe, and handle an American 
 axe with some skill in cutting large trees, the 
 size of which, two years ago, would have afforded 
 them a sufllcient reason why they should not med- 
 dle with them." 
 
 In May, 1841, Jeremiah Russell, ■who was In- 
 dian farmer, sent two Chip|)eways, accompanied 
 by Elam Greeley, of Stillwater, to the Falls of 
 Saint Croix for supplies. On Saturday, the 
 fifteenth of the month they arrived there, and
 
 110 
 
 EXPLORESS AXD PIOXEEBS OF MIXXESOTA. 
 
 tlie next day a steamboat came up with the 
 goods. The captain said a war party of Sioux, 
 headed by Little Crow, was advancing, and the 
 two Chippeways prepared to go back and were 
 their friends. 
 
 They had hardly left the Falls, on theh- re- 
 turn, before they saw a party of Dahkotahs. The 
 senthiel of the enemy had not noticed the ap- 
 proach of the young men. In the twinkling of 
 an eye, these two young Ojibways raised their 
 gims. tired, and killed two of Little Crow's sons. 
 The discharge of the guns revealed to a sentinel, 
 that an enemy was near, and as the Ojibways 
 were retreatmg. he fired, and mortally wounded 
 one of the two. 
 
 According to custom, the corpses of the chief's 
 sons were dressed, and then set up -with their 
 faces towards the country of their ancient ene- 
 mies. The wounded Ojibway was horribly 
 mangled by the infuriated party, and his limbs 
 strewn about in every direction. His scalped 
 head was placed in a kettle, and suspended in 
 front of the two Dahkotah corpses. 
 
 Little Crow, disheartened by the loss of his two 
 boys, returned with his party to Kaposia. But 
 other parties were in the field. 
 
 It was not till Friday, the twenty-first of May, 
 that the death of one of the young. Ojibways 
 sent by ilr. Russell, to the Falls ox Saint Croix, 
 was luiown at Pokeguma. 
 
 Mr. Russell on the next Sunday, accompanied 
 by Captain AVilliam Holeomb and a half-breed, 
 went to the mission station to attend a religious 
 service, and while crossing the lake in returning. 
 the half-breed said that it was rumored that the 
 Sioux were approaching. On ^londay, the twen- 
 ty-fourth, three young men left in a canoe to go 
 to the west shore of the lake, and from thence to 
 ilille Lacs, to give intelligence to the Ojibways 
 there, of the skirmish that had already occurred. 
 They- took with them two Indian girls, about 
 twelve years of age. who were pupils of the mis- 
 sion school, for the purpose of bruiging the canoe 
 back to the island. Just as the three were land- 
 ing, twenty or thirty Dahkotah warriors, with a 
 war Avhoop emerged from their concealment be- 
 hind the trees, and fired into the canoe. The 
 yoimgmen instantly sprang into the water, which 
 
 ■was shallow, returned the fire, and ran into the 
 woods, escaping \\-ithout material injury. 
 
 The little girls, in their fright, waded into the 
 lake ; but were pursued. Their parents upon 
 the island, heard the death cries of their children. 
 Some of the Indians around the mission-house 
 jumped into their canoes and gained the island. 
 Others went into some fortified log huts. The 
 attack ujion the canoe, it was afterwards learned, 
 was premature. The party upon that side of the 
 lake were ordered not to fire, until the party 
 stationed in the woods near the mission began. 
 
 There were in all one hundred and eleven 
 Dahkotah warriors, and all the fight was in the 
 : vicinity of the mission-house, and the Ojibways 
 mostly engaged in it were those who had been 
 under religious instruction. The rest were upon 
 the island. 
 
 The fathers of the murdered girls, burning for 
 revenge, left the island in a canoe, and drawing 
 it up on the shore, hid behind it. and firel upon 
 the Dahkotahs and killed one. The Dahkotahs 
 advancing upon them, they were obliged to 
 escape. The canoe was now launched. One lay 
 on his back in the bottom ; the other plnngod 
 into the water, and. holding the canoe with one 
 hand, and swimming with the other, he towed 
 his friend out of danger. The Dahkotahs. in- 
 furiated at their escape, fired volley after volley 
 at the swimmer, but he escaped the balls by 
 putting his head luider water whenever he saw 
 them take aim, and waiting till he heard the 
 discharge, he would then look up and breathe. 
 
 After a fight of two hours, the Dahkotahs re- 
 treated, with a loss of two men. At the request 
 of the parents, Mr. E. F. Ely, from whoso 
 notes the writer has obtained these facts, h:'- 
 ing at that time a teacher at the mission, 
 went across the lake, with two of his friends, to 
 gather the remains of his murdered pupils. Ho 
 found the corpses on the shore. The heads cut 
 off and scalped, with a tomahawk buried in the 
 brains of each, were set up in the sand near the 
 bodies. The bodies were pierced in the breast, 
 and the right arm of one was taken away. Ke- 
 mo\ing the tomahawks, the bodies were brought 
 back to the island, and in the afternoon were 
 buried in accordance with the simple but solemn 
 rites of the Church of Christ, by members of the 
 mission.
 
 SIOUX MISSIONARIES BEFOBE THE TREATIES. 
 
 Ill 
 
 The sequel to this story is soou told. The In- 
 dians of Pokeguma, after the fight, deserted their 
 village, and went to reside with their countrymen 
 near Lake Superior. 
 
 In July of the following year, 1842, a war party 
 was formed at Fond du Lac, about forty in num- 
 ber, and proceeded towards the Dahkotah country. 
 Sneaking, as none but Indians can, they arrived 
 imnoticed at the little settlement below Saint 
 Paul, commonly called "Pig's Eye," which is 
 opposite to what was Kaposia, or Little Crow's 
 village. Finding an Indian woman at work in 
 the garden of her husband, a Canadian, by the 
 name of GameUe, they lulled lier ; also another 
 woman, with her infant, whose head was cut off. 
 The Dalikotahs, on the opposite side, were mostly 
 intoxicated ; and, flying across in their canoes Iwt 
 half prepared, they were worsted in the en- 
 covmter. They lost thirteen warriors, and one of 
 their number, known as the Dancer, the Ojib- 
 ways are said to have skinned. 
 
 Soon after this the Chippeway missions of the 
 St. Croix Valley were abandoned. 
 
 In a little while Eev. ^Ir. Boutwell removed to 
 the vicinity of Stillwater, and the missionaries, 
 Ayer and Spencer, went to Red Lake and other 
 points in Minnesota. 
 
 In 1853 the Rev. Sherman Hall left the Indians 
 and became pastor of a Congregational chiu'ch at 
 Sauk Rapids, where he recently died. 
 
 METHODIST MISSIONS. 
 
 In 1837 the Rev. A. Bnmson commenced a 
 Methodist mission at Kaposia, about four miles 
 below, and opposite Saint Paul. It was afterwards 
 removed across the river to Red Rock. He was 
 assisted by the Rev. Thomas W. Pope, and the 
 latter was succeeded by the Rev. J. Holton. 
 
 The Rev. Mr. Spates and others also labored 
 for a brief period among the Ojibways. 
 
 PRESBTTEKIAN MISSIONS CONTINXTED. 
 
 At the stations the Dahkotah language was dil- 
 igently studied. Rev. S. W. Pond had prepared 
 a dictionary of three thousand words, and also a 
 small grammar. The Eev. S. R. Riggs, w-ho 
 joined the mission in 1837, in a letter dated 
 February 24, 1841, writes: "Last sumnu-r 
 after returning from Fort SneUuig, I spent li\ f 
 weeks in copying again the Sioux vocabulary 
 which we had collected and arranged at this sta- 
 
 tion. It contained then about 5500 words, not 
 including the various forms of the verbs. Since 
 that time, the words collected by Dr. "Williamson 
 and myself, have, I presume, increased the num- 
 ber to six thousand. ***** in this con- 
 nection, I may mention that dm-ing the winter of 
 1839-40, Mrs. Riggs, vrA\\ some assistance, \\Tote 
 an English and Sioux vocabidary contaming 
 about three thousand words. One of Mr. Ren- 
 ville's sons and three of his daughters are en- 
 gaged in copying. In committing the grammati- 
 cal principles of tlie language to WTiting. we have 
 done something at this station, but more has been 
 done by Mr. S. W. Pond." 
 
 Steadily the numlier of Indian missionaries 
 increased, and in 1851, before the lands of the 
 Dahkotahs west of the ^Mississippi were ceded to 
 the whites, they were disposed as follows by the 
 Dahkotah Presbytery. 
 
 Lar-rpn-park, Rev. S. E. Riggs, Rev. M. N. 
 Adams, 3Iissionnrks, Jonas Pettijohn, Mrs. 
 Faimy Pettijohn, JMrs. ilary Ann Riggs, Mrs. 
 Mary A. M. Adams* Miss Sarah Rankin. As- 
 sistants. 
 
 Traverse des Siotix, Rev. Robert Hopkins, J//s- 
 sionan/; Mrs. Agnes Hopkins, Alexander G. 
 Iluggms, Mrs. Lydia P. Iluggins. Assi.''t(ints. 
 
 Shnl-paii, or Sholpay, Rev. Samuel W. Pond, 
 Missionary ; Mrs. Sarah P. Pond, Assistant. 
 
 Oak Grove, Rev. Gideon II. Pond and wife. 
 
 Kaposio, Rev. Thomas Williamson, M. D., 
 Missionary and Physician; Mrs. JSlargaret P. 
 Wilhamson, Miss Jane S. Williamson, Assistants. 
 
 Red Wing, Rev. John F. Alton. Rev. Joseph 
 W. Hancock, Missionaries; Mrs. Xaney II. Alton, 
 Mrs. Hancock, Assistants. 
 
 The Rev. Daniel Ga\in, the Swiss Presbyte- 
 rian Missionary, spent the winter of 1839 in Lac- 
 qui-Parle and was afterwards married to a niece 
 of the Eev. J. D. Stevens, of the Lake Harriet 
 Mission. Mr. Stevens became the fanner and 
 teacher of the Wapasliaw band, and the iirs-t 
 white man who Uved where the city of Winona 
 has been built. Another missionary from Switz- 
 erland, the Rev. Mr. Denton, married a Miss 
 Slvinner, formerly of the Jilackinaw mission. 
 During a portion of the year 1839 these Swiss 
 missionaries lived with the American mission- 
 aries at camp Cold Abater near Fort Snelling, 
 but their chief field of labor was at Red Wing.
 
 112 
 
 EXPLOBEBS AND PIONEEBS OF MINNESOTA.. 
 
 CHAPTER XX. 
 
 TREAD OF PIOUIEERS IN THE SAINT CKOIX VALLEY AND ELSEWHEKE. 
 
 •>ri(lin of the name Saint Croix— Du Luth, first Explorer— French Post on the St. 
 Cr«ix — Pitt, an eaily pioneer — Early settlers at Saint Croix Falli — First women 
 there — Marine Settlement — Joseph R. Brown's town site — Saint Croix County 
 organized—Proprietors of Stillwater— A dead Negro winnan — Pig's Eye, origin 
 of name — Kise of Saint Paul— Dr. Williamson secures first school teacher for 
 Saint Paul—Description of fir^t school room— Saint Croix County re-organized 
 — Rev. W. T. Boutwell, pioneer clergyman. 
 
 The Saint Croix river, apcording to Le Sueur, 
 named after a Frenchman wlio was drowned at 
 its mouth, was one of the earliest throughfares 
 ftom Lake Superior to the Mississippi. The first 
 ■white man ■who directed canoes upon its waters 
 was Du Luth, who had in 1679 explored Minne- 
 sota. He thus describes his tour in a letter, first 
 published by IlaiTisse : •• In June, 1680, not be- 
 ing satisfied, with having made my discovery by 
 land, I took two canoes, with an Indian who ■was 
 my interpreter, and four Frenchmen, to seek 
 means to make it by water. With tliis view I 
 entered a river which empties eight leagues from 
 the extremity of Lake Superior, on the south 
 side, where, after having cut some trees and 
 broken about a hundred beaver dams, I reached 
 the upper waters of the said river, and then I 
 made a portage of half a league to reach a lake, 
 the outlet of which fell into a very fine river, 
 which took me down into the Mississippi. There 
 I learned from eight cabins of Nadouecioux that 
 the Rev. Father Louis Hennepin, Recollect, now 
 at the convent of Saint Germain, with two other 
 Frenchmen had been robbed, and carried off as 
 slaves for more than three hundred leagues by 
 the Nadouecioux themselves." 
 
 He then relates how he left two Frenchmen 
 with his goods, and went with his interpreter and 
 two Frenchmen in a canoe down tlie Mississippi, 
 and after two days and two nights, found Henne- 
 pin, Accault and Augelle. He told Hennepin 
 that he must return with him through the country 
 of the Fox tribe, and ■wTites : " I preferred to re- 
 trace my steps, manifesting to them [the Sioux] 
 the just indignation I felt against them, rather 
 than to remain after the violence they had done 
 
 to the Rev. Father and the other two Frenchmen 
 ■with him, whom I put in my canoes and brought 
 them to Michilimackinack." 
 
 After this, the Saint Croix river became a chan- 
 nel for commerce, and Bellin writes, that before 
 17-55, the French had erected a fort forty leagues 
 from its mouth and twenty from Lake Superior. 
 
 The pine forests between the Saint Croix and 
 Mimiesota had been for several years a tempta- 
 tion to energetic men. As early as November, 
 1836, a ISIr. Pitt went with a boat and a party of 
 men to the Falls of Saint Croix to cut pine tim- 
 ber, with the consent of the Chippeways but the 
 dissent of the United Slates authorities. 
 
 In 1837 while the treaty was being made by Com- 
 missioners Dodge and Smith at Fort Snelling, on 
 one Sunday Franklin Steele, Dr. Fitch, Jeremiah 
 Russell, and a Mr. Maginnis left Fort Snelling 
 for the Falls of Saint Croix in a birch bark canoe 
 paddled by eight men, and reached that point 
 about noon on ^Monday aud commenced a log 
 cabin. Steele and Maginnis remained here, 
 while tlie others, dividing into two parties, one 
 under Fitch, and the other under Russell, search- 
 ed for pine land. The first stopped <it Sun Rise, 
 while Russel went on to the Snake River. About 
 the same time Robbinet and Jesse B. Taylor 
 came to the Falls in the interest of B. F. Baker 
 who had a stone trading house near Fort Snelling, 
 since destroyed by fire. On the fifteenth of July, 
 1838, the Palmyra, Capt. Holland, .arrived at 
 the Fort, with the official notice of the ratifica- 
 tion of the treaties ceding the lands between the 
 Saint Croix and Mississippi. 
 
 She had on board C. A. Tuttle, L. AV. Stratton 
 and others, with the machinery for the projected 
 mills of the Northwest Lumber Company at tlie 
 Falls of Saint Croix, and reached that point on 
 the seventeenth, the first steamboat to disturb the 
 waters above Lake Saint Croix. The steamer 
 Gypsy came to the fort on the twenty-first of
 
 WOM£N IN THE VALLEY OF THE SAINT CROIX. 
 
 113 
 
 October, with goods for the Chippeways, and was 
 chartered for four hundred and fifty dollars, to 
 carry them up to the Falls of Saint Croix. In 
 passing through the lake, the boat grounded near 
 a projected town called Stambaughville, after S. 
 C. Stambaugli, the sutler at the fort. On the 
 afternoon of tlie 26th, the goods were landed, as 
 stipulated. 
 
 The agent of the Improvement Company at the 
 falls was Washington Libbey, who left in the fall 
 of 1838, and was succeeded by Jeremiah Kussell, 
 Stratton acting as millwright in place of Calvin 
 Tuttle. On the twelfth of December, Russell and 
 Stratton walked down the river, cut the first tree 
 and built a cabin at Marine, and sold their claim. 
 
 The first women at the Falls of Saint Croix were 
 a Mrs. Orr, Mrs. Sackett, and the daughter of a 
 Mr. Young. During the winter of 1838-9, Jere- 
 miah Russell married a daughter of a respectable 
 and gentlemanly trader, Charles II. Oakes. 
 
 Among the first preachers were the Rev. W. T. 
 Boutwell and Mr. Seymour, of the Chippeway 
 Mission at I'okeguma. The Rev. A. Bruuson, of 
 Prairie du Chieu, who visited this region in 1838, 
 wrote that at the mouth of Snake River he fomid 
 Franklin Steele, with twenty-five or thirty men, 
 cutting timber for a mill, and when he offered to 
 preach Mr. Steele gave a cordial assent. 
 
 On the sixteenth of August, Mr. Steele, Living- 
 ston, and others, left the Falls of Saint Croix m a 
 barge, and went around to Fort Snellmg. 
 
 The steamboat Fayette about the middle of 
 May, 1839, landed sutlers' stores at Fort Snell- 
 ing and then proceeded with several persons of 
 intelligence to the Saint Croix river, who s^tled 
 at Marine. 
 
 The place was called after Marine in Madison 
 
 « 
 county, Illinois, wliere the company, consisting 
 
 of Judd, Hone and others, was formed to build 
 
 a saw mill in the Saint Croix Valley. The miU 
 
 at Marine commenced to saw lumber, on August 
 
 24, 1839, the first in Minnesota. 
 
 Joseph R. Brown, who since 1838, had lived at 
 
 Chan Wakan, on the west side of Grey Cloud 
 
 Island, this year made a claim near the upper 
 
 end of the city of Stillwater, which he called 
 
 Dahkotah, and was the lirst to raft lumber down 
 
 the Saint Croix, as well as the first to represent 
 
 the citizens of the valley in the legislature of 
 
 Wisconsin. 
 8 
 
 Until the year 1841, the jurisdiction of Craw- 
 ford county, Wisconsin, extended over the delta 
 of country between the Saint Croix and Missis- 
 sippi. Joseph R. Brown having been elected as 
 representative of the county, m the territorial 
 legislature of Wisconsin, succeeded m obtaining 
 the passage of an act on November twentieth, 
 1841, organizing the county of Saint Croix, with 
 Dahkotah designated as tlie county seat. 
 
 At the time prescribed for holding a court in 
 the new county, it is said that the judge of the 
 district arrived, and to his surprise, found a 
 claim cabin occupied by a Frenchman. Speedily 
 retreating, he never came again, and judicial 
 proceedings for Saint Croix county ended for 
 several years. Phiiieas Lawrence was the first 
 sheriff of this county. 
 
 On the tenth of October, 1843, was commenced 
 a settlement which has become the town of Still- 
 water. The names of the proprietors were John 
 McKusick from Maine, Calvin Leach from Ver- 
 mont, Elam Greeley from Maine, and Eliaa 
 McKean from Pennsylvania. They immediately 
 commenced the erection of a sawrnill. 
 
 John H. Fonda, elected on the twenty-second 
 of September, as coroner of Crawford county, 
 Wisconsm, asserts that he was once notified that 
 a dead body was lying in the water opposite Pig's 
 Eye slough, and immediately proceeded to the 
 spot, and on taking it out, recognized it as the 
 body of a negro woman belonging to a certain 
 captain of the United States army then at Fort 
 Crawford. The body was cruelly cut and bruised, 
 but no one appearuig to recognise it, a verdict of 
 " Found dead," was rendered, and the corpse was 
 buried. Soon after, it came to light that the 
 woman was whipped to death, and thrown into 
 the river during the night. 
 
 The year that the Dahkotahs ceded their lands 
 east of the Mississippi, a Canadian Frenchman 
 by the name of Parrant, the ideal of an Indian 
 whisky seller, erected a shanty in what is now 
 the city of Saint Paul. Ignorant and overbear- 
 ing he loved money more than his own soul. 
 Destitute of one eye, and the other resembling 
 that of a pig, he was a good representative of 
 Caliban. Some one writing from his groggery 
 designated it as " Pig's Eye." The reply to the 
 letter was directed in good faith to" Pig's Eye"
 
 114 
 
 EXPLOREBS AXB PIONEERS OF MINNESOTA. 
 
 Some years ago the editor of the Saint Paul 
 Press described the occasion in these words : 
 
 " Edmund Brisette. a clerkly Frencliman for 
 those days, who lives, or did live a httle while 
 ago, on Lake Harriet, was one day seated at a 
 table in Parranfs cabin, with pen and paper 
 about to write a letter for Parrant (for Parrant. 
 like Charlemagre. could not write) to a friend 
 of the latter in Canada. The question of geog- 
 raphy puzzled Brissette at the outset of the 
 epistle ; where should he date a letter from a 
 place without a name ? He looked up inquh- 
 ingly to Parrant. and met the dead, cold glare of 
 the Pig's Eye fixed upon him. with an irresist- 
 ible suggestiveness that was inspiration to 
 Brisette." 
 
 In 1842, the late Henry Jackson, of Mahkahto, 
 settled at the same spot, and erected the first 
 store on the height just above the lower landiug, 
 Roberts and Simpson followed, and opened 
 small Indian trading shops. In 1846, the site of 
 Saint Paul was cliiefly occupied by a few shanties 
 owned by " certain lewd fellows of the baser 
 sort," who sold rum to the soldier and Indian. 
 It was despised by all decent white men. and 
 known to the Dahkotahs by an expression in 
 their tongue which means, the place where they 
 sell miune-wakan [supernatural water]. 
 
 The chief of the Kaposiaband in 1S46, was shot 
 by his own brother in a dnuiken revel, but sur- 
 viving the wound, and apparently alarmed at the 
 deterioration under the influence of the modem 
 harpies at Samt Paul, went to Mr. Bruce, IniUan 
 Agent, at Fort SuelUng. and requested a mis- 
 sionarj'. The Indian Agent m his report to gov- 
 ernment, says : 
 
 '• The chief of the Little Crow's band, who re- 
 sides below this place (Fort Snelling) about nme 
 miles, in the immediate neighbourhood of the 
 whiskey dealers, has requested to have a school 
 established at his village. He says they are de- 
 termined to reform, and for the future, will try 
 to do better. I wrote to Doctor AVilliamson soon 
 after the request was made, desiring him to take 
 charge of the school. He has had charge of the 
 mission school at Lac qui Parle for some years : 
 is well qualified, and is an excellent phvsician.'" 
 
 In November, 1846, Dr. Williamson came from 
 Lac qui Parle, as requested, and became a resi- 
 dent of Kaposia. While disapproving of their 
 
 practices, he felt a kindly interest in the whites 
 of Pig's Eye. which place was now beginning to 
 be called, after a little log chapel which had been 
 erected at the suggestion of Rev. L. Galtier, and 
 called Saint Paul's. Though a missionarj- among 
 the Dahkotahs, he was the first to take steps to 
 promote the education of the whites and half- 
 breeds of Minnesota. In the year 1S47, he wrote 
 to ex-Governor Slade, President of the iJfational 
 Popular Education Society, in relation to the 
 condition of what has subsequently become the 
 capital of the state. 
 
 In accordance with his request, Miss II. E. 
 Bishop came to his mission-house at Kiiposia, 
 and, after a short time, was introduced by him 
 to the citizens of Saint Paul. The firet school- 
 house in Minnesota besides those connected with 
 the Indian missions, stood near the site of the 
 old Brick Presbyterian chiu-ch, comer of Saint 
 Peter and Third street, and is thus described by 
 the teacher : 
 
 •' The school was commenced in a little log 
 hovel, covered with bark, and chinked with mud, 
 pre\iously used as a blacksmith shop. On three 
 sides of the interior of this humble log cabin, 
 pegs were driven into the logs, upon which boards 
 were laid for seats. Another seat was made by 
 placing one end of a plank between the cracks 
 of the logs, and the other upon a chair. This 
 was for visitors. A rickety cross-legged table in 
 the centre, and a hen's nest in one comer, com- 
 pleted the furniture." 
 
 Saint Croix ceunty, in the year 184", was de- 
 tached from Crawford coimt>% Wisconsin, and 
 reorganized for judicial pin-poses, and Stillwater 
 made the county seat. In the month of June 
 the United States District Court held its session 
 in the store-room of Mr. John McKusick ; Judge 
 Charles Dunn presiduig. A large number of 
 lumbermen had been attracted by the pineries 
 in the upper portion of the valley of Saint Croix, 
 and Stillwater was looked upon as the center of 
 the lumbering interest. _ 
 
 The Kev. Mr. Boutwell. feeUng that he could 
 be more useful, left the Ojibways. and took up 
 liis residence near Stillwater, preaching to tlie 
 lumbermen at the Falls of Saint Croix. Marine 
 Mills. Stillwater, and Cottage Grove. In a letter 
 speaking of Stillwater, he says, " Here is a little 
 tillage sprung up like a gourd, but whether it Is 
 to perish as soon, Godonly knows."
 
 NAMES PROPOSED FOR MINNESOTA TERRITORY. 
 
 115 
 
 CHAPTER XXI. 
 
 EVENTS PEELIMIKARY TO THE ORC4ANIZATION OF THE MINNESOTA TEBRITOKY. 
 
 Wisconsin State Boundaries — First Bill for the Organization of Minnesota Terri* 
 tory, A. D. 1846 — Change of Wisconsin Boundary — Memorial of Saint Croix 
 Valley citizens — Various names proposed for the New Territory — Convention at 
 Stillwater — H. H. Sibley elected Delegate to Congress. — Derivation of word 
 Minnesota. 
 
 Three years elapsed from the time that the 
 territory of Minnesota was proposed in Congress, 
 to the final passage of the organic act. On the 
 sixth of August, 1846, an act was passed by Con- 
 gress authorizing the citizens of Wisconsin Ter- 
 ritory to frame a constitution and form a state 
 government. The act fixed the Saint Louis river 
 to the rapids, from thence south to the Saint 
 Croix, and thence down that river to its junction 
 with the Mississippi, as the western boundary. 
 
 On the twenty -third of December, 1846, the 
 delegate from Wisconsin, Morgan L. Martin, m- 
 troduced a bill in Congress for the organization 
 of a territory of Minnesota. Tliis bill made its 
 western boundary the Sioux and Red River of 
 the North. On the third of March, 1847, per- 
 mission was granted to Wisconsin to change her 
 boundary, so that the western limit would pro- 
 ceed due south from the first rapids of the Saint 
 Louis river, and fifteen miles east of the most 
 easterly point of Lake Saint Croix, thence to the 
 Mississippi. 
 
 A number in the constitutional convention of 
 Wisconsin, were anxious that Rum river should 
 be a part of her western boimdary, while citizens 
 of the valley of the Saint Croix were desirous 
 that the Chippeway river should be the limit of 
 Wisconsin. The citizens of Wisconsin Territory, 
 in the valley of the Samt Croix, and about Fort 
 Snelling, wished to be included in the projected 
 new territory, and on the twenty-eighth of March, 
 1848, a memorial signed by II. II. Sibley, Henry 
 M. Rice, Franklin Steele, William R. Marshall, 
 and others, was presented to Congress, remon- 
 strating against the proposition before the con- 
 vention to make Rum river a part of the bound- 
 ary line of the contemplated state of Wisconsin. 
 
 On the twenty-ninth of May, 1848, the act to 
 admit Wisconsin changed the boundary Une to 
 the present, and as first defined in the enabling 
 act of 1846. After the bill of Mr. Martin was 
 introduced into the House of Representatives in 
 1846 it was referred to the Committee on Terri- 
 tories, of which ^Ir. Douglas was chairman. On 
 the twentieth of January, 1847, he reported in 
 favor of the proposed territory with the name 
 of Itasca. On the seventeenth of February, be- 
 fore the bill passed the House, a discussion arose 
 in relation to the proposed name. Mr. Win- 
 throp of jSIassachusetts proposed Chippewa as a 
 substitute, alleging that this tribe was the prin- 
 cipal in the proposed territory, which was not 
 correct. Mr. J. Thompson of Mississippi disliked 
 all Indian names, and hoped the territory would 
 be called Jackson. Mr. Houston of Delaware 
 thought that there ought to be one territory 
 named after the " Father of his country," and 
 proposed Washington. All of the names pro- 
 posed were rejected, and the name in the original 
 bill inserted. On the last day of the session, 
 March third, the bill was called up ui the Senate 
 and laid on the table. 
 
 When Wisconsin became a state the query 
 arose whether the old territorial government did 
 not contmue in force west of the Saint Croix 
 river. The first meeting on the subject of claim- 
 ing territorial privileges was held hi the building 
 at Samt Paul, known as Jackson's store, near the 
 corner of Bench and Jackson streets, on the 
 bluff. This meeting was held in July, and a 
 convention was proposed to consider their posi- 
 tion. The first public meeting was held at Still- 
 water on August foiutli, and Messrs. Steele and 
 Sibley were the only persons present from the 
 west side of the Mississippi. This meeting is- 
 sued a call for a general convention to take steps 
 to secure an early territorial orgaruzation, to 
 assemble on the twenty-sixth of the month at
 
 116 
 
 EXPLORHES AXI) PIOXEERS OF MIXXESOTA. 
 
 the same place. Sixty-two delegates answered 
 the call, and among those present, were AV. D. 
 Phillips, J. ^y. Bass, A. Larpenteur, J. M. Boal. 
 and others from Saint Paul. To the convention 
 a letter was presented from 'Mr. C'atlin, who 
 claimed to be acting governor, giving his opinion 
 that the AVisconsm territorial organization was 
 still in force. The meeting also appointed Mr. 
 Sibley to \isit AVashington and represent their 
 ■\iews ; but the Hon. John H. Tweedy having 
 resigned Ms office of delegate to Congress on 
 September eighteenth. 1848. Mr. Catlin, who had 
 made Stillwater a temporary residence, on the 
 ninth of October issued a proclamation ordering 
 a special election at Stillwater on the thirtieth, 
 to fill a vacancy occasioned by the resignation. 
 At this election Henry H. Sibley was elected as 
 delegate of the citizens of the remaining portion 
 of AVisconsin Territory. His credentials were 
 presented to the House of Representatives, and 
 the committee to whom the matter was referred 
 presented a majority and minority report ; but 
 the resolution introduced by the majority passed 
 and Mr. Sibley took his seat as a delegate from 
 Wisconsin Territorj' on the fifteenth of January, 
 1849. 
 
 Mr. H. M. Rice, and other gentlemen, visited 
 Washington during the winter, and, uniting with 
 Mr. Sibley, used all their energies to obtain the 
 organization of a new territory. 
 
 Mr. Sibley, in an interesting commimication to 
 the Minnesota Historical Society, -mrites : '• When 
 my credentials as Delegate, ^^■ere presented by 
 Hon. James Wilson, of Xew Hampshire, to the 
 
 House of Representatives, there was some curi- 
 osity manifested among the members, to see what 
 kind of a person had been elected to represent the 
 distant and wild territory claiming representation 
 in Congress. I was told by a New England mem- 
 ber with whom I became subsequently quite inti- 
 mate, that there was some disappointment when 
 I made my appearance, for it was expected that 
 the delegate from this remote region would make 
 his debut, if not in full Indian costume, at least, 
 with some peculiarities of dress and maimers, 
 characteristic of the nide and semi-civilized peo- 
 ple who had sent him to the Capitol." 
 
 The territory of ^linnesota was named after 
 the largest tributary of the Mississippi within its 
 limits. The Sioux call the Missouri 2Slinnesho- 
 shay, muddy water, but the stream after which 
 this region is named. Miime-sota. Some say that 
 Sota means clear ; others, turbid ; Schoolcraft, 
 bluish green. Nicollet wrote. "The adjective 
 Sotah is of difficult translation. The Canadians 
 translated it by a pretty equivalent word, brouille, 
 perhaps more properly rendered into English by 
 blear. I have entered upon this explanation be 
 cause the word really means neither clear nor 
 turbid, as some authors have asserted, its true 
 meaning being found in the Sioux expression 
 Ishtah-sotah, blear-eyed." From the fact that the 
 word signifies neither blue nor white, but the 
 peculiar appearance of the sky at certain times, 
 by some, Minnesota has been defined to mean the 
 sky tinted water, which is certainly poetic, and the 
 late Rev. Gideon U. Pond thought quite correct.
 
 MINNESOTA IN THE BEGINNING. 
 
 117 
 
 CHAPTER XXII. 
 
 MINNESOTA FROM ITS ORGANIZATION AS A TERRITORY, A. D. 18-19, TO A. D. 1854. 
 
 Appearance of the Country, A. J>. 1S49 — Arrival of first Editor — Governor 
 Bamaey arrives — Guest of H. H. Sibley — Proclamation issued — Governor 
 Ramsey and H. M. Rice move to Saiut Paul — Fourth of July Ci'lebration — 
 First election — ^Eiirly mewspapers — First Courts— First Legislature — Pioneer 
 News Carrier's AdOrebs— Wedding at Fort Snelling— Territorial Seal— Scalp 
 Dance at Stillwater — First Steamboat at Falls of Saint Anthony— Presbyterian 
 Chapel burned — Indian council ut Fort Snelling— First Steamboat above Saint 
 Anthony — First boat at the Blue Earth River— Confrressional election — Visit.of 
 Fredrika Bremer — Indian newspaper — Other newspapers — Second Legislature 
 — University jf Minnesota — Teamster killed by Indians— Sioux Treaties — Third 
 Legislature —Land slide at Stillwater — Death of first Editor— Fourth Legislature 
 Baldwin School, now Itlacalester College — Indian fi^ht in Saint Paul. 
 
 On the third of March, 1840, the bill was passed 
 by Congress for organizing the territory of 
 Minnesota, whose boundary on the west, extended 
 to the Missouri River. xVt this time, the region was 
 little more than a wilderness. The west banli of 
 the Mississippi, from the Iowa line to Lake 
 Itasca, was unceded by the Indians. 
 
 At Wapashaw, was a trading post in charge of 
 Alexis Bailly, and here also resided the ancient 
 voyageiir, of fourscore years, A. Rocque. 
 
 At the foot of Lake Pepin was a store house 
 kept by Mr. F. S. Richards. On the west shore of 
 the lake lived the eccentric WeUs, whose wife 
 was a bois brule, a daughter of the deceased 
 trader, Duncan Graham. 
 
 The' two unfinished buildings of stone, on 
 the beautiful bank opposite the renowned 
 Maiden's Rock, and the surrounding skin lodges 
 of his wife's relatives and friends, presented a 
 rude but pictiu-esque scene. Above the lake was 
 a cluster of bark wigwams, the Dahkotah village 
 of Raymneecha, now Red Wing, at which was a 
 Presbyterian mission house. 
 
 The next settlement was Kaposia, also an In- 
 dian village, and the residence of a Presbyterian 
 missionary, the Rev. T. S AVilliamst)n, M. D. 
 On the east side of the Mississippi, the first set- 
 tlement, at the mouth of the St. Croix, was Point 
 Douglas, then as now, a small hamlet. 
 
 At Red Rock, the site of a former Methodist 
 mission station, there were a few farmers. Samt 
 Paul was just emerging from a collection of In- 
 ^an whisky shops and birch roofed cabins of 
 
 half-breed voyageurs. Here and there a frame 
 tenement was erected, and, under the auspices of 
 the Hon. II. M. Rice, who had obtained an inter- 
 est in the town, some warehouses were con- 
 structed, and the foundations of the American 
 House, a frame hotel, which stood at Third and 
 Exchange street, were laid. In 1849, the popu- 
 lation had increased to two liundred and fifty 
 or three hundred mhabitants, for rumors had 
 gone abroad that it might be mentioned in the 
 act, creating the territory, as the capital 
 of Minnesota. More than a month after 
 the adjournment of Congress, just at eve, 
 on the ninth of April, amid terrific peals of 
 thunder and torrents of rain, the weekly steam 
 packet, the first to force its way through the icy 
 barrier of Lake Pepin, roimded the rocky point 
 whistling loud and long, as if the bearer of glad 
 tidings. Before siie was safely moored to the 
 landing, the shouts of the excited villagers were 
 heard announcing that there was a territory of 
 Minnesota, and that Samt Paul was the seat of 
 government. 
 
 Every successive steamboat arrival poured out 
 on the landing men big with hope, and anxious 
 to do something to mould the future of the new 
 state. 
 
 Nine days after the news of the existence of the 
 territory of Minnesota was received, there arrived 
 James M. Goodhue with press, type, and printing 
 apparatus. A graduate of Amherst college, and 
 a lawyer by profession, he wielded a sharp pen, 
 and wrote editorials, which, more than anythmg 
 else, perhaps, induced immigration. Though a 
 man of some faults, one of the counties properly 
 bears his name. On the twenty-eighth of April, 
 he issued from his press the first number of the 
 Pioneer. 
 
 On the twenty - seventh of May, Alexander 
 Ramsey, the Governor, and family, arrived at 
 Saint Paul, butowingto the crowded state of pub-
 
 118 
 
 EXPLOEEBS AND PIONEERS OF MINNESOTA. 
 
 lie houses, immediately proceeded in the steamer 
 to the establishment of tlie Fur Company, known 
 as Mendota, at tlie junction of tlic Mimiesota and 
 Mississippi, and became the guest of the Hon. H. 
 II. Sibley. 
 
 Ou the first of June, Governor Kamsey, by pro- 
 clamation, declared the territory duly organized, 
 ^vith the following officers : Alexander Kamsey, 
 of Pennsylvania, Governor ; C. K. Smith, of Ohio, 
 Secretary ; A. Goodrich, of Tennessee. Chief 
 Justice ; D. Cooper, of Pennsylvania, and B. B. 
 Meeker, of Kentucky, Associate Judges ; Joshua 
 L. Taylor, Marshal ; II. L. Moss, attorney of the 
 United States. 
 
 On the eleventh of June, a second proclama- 
 tion was issued, dividing the territory into three 
 temporary judicial districts. The first comprised 
 the county of St. Croix ; the comity of La Pointe 
 and the region north and west of the Mississippi, 
 and north of the Minnesota and of a line running 
 due west from the headwaters of the Minnesota 
 to the Missouri river, constituted the second ; 
 and the country west of the Mississippi and south 
 of the ^ILnnesota, formed the third district. 
 Judge Goodrich was assigned to the first, ISIeeker 
 to the second, and Cooper to the third. A court 
 was ordered to be held at Stillwater on the second 
 Monday, at the Falls of St. Anthony on the third, 
 and at Mendota on the fourth Monday of August. 
 
 Until the twenty -sixth of June, Governor 
 Eamsey and family had been guests of Hon. H. 
 II. Sibley, at Mendota. On the afternoon of 
 that day they arrived at St. Paul, in a birch-bark 
 canoe, and became permanent residents at the 
 capital. The house first occupied as a guber- 
 natorial mansion, was a small frame building that 
 stood on Thud, between llobert and Jackson 
 streets, formerly luiown as the New England 
 House. 
 
 A few days after, the lion. H. M. Rice and 
 family moved from Slendota to St. Paul, and oc- 
 cupied the house he had erected on St. Anthony 
 street, near the corner of ^Market. 
 
 On the first of July, a land office was estab- 
 hshed at Stillwater, and A. Van Vorhes, after a 
 few weeks, became the register. 
 
 The anniversary of our National Independence 
 was celebrated in a becoming manner at the cap- 
 ital. The place selected for the address, was a 
 jrove that stood on the sites of the City HaU and 
 
 the Baldwin School biiilding, and the late Frank- 
 lin Steele was the marshal of the day. 
 
 Ou the seventh of July, a proclamation was is- 
 sued, dividing the territory into seven council 
 districts, and ordering an election to be held on 
 the first day of August, for one delegate to rep- 
 resent the people in the House of Representatives 
 of the United States, for nine coimcillors and 
 eighteen representatives, to constitute the Legis- 
 lative Assembly of Minnesota. 
 
 In this month, the lion. II. M. Kice despatch- 
 ed a boat laded with Indian goods from the 
 the Falls of St. Anthony to Crow Wing, which 
 was towed by horses after the manner of a canal 
 boat. 
 
 The election on the first of August, passed off 
 with little excitement, Hon. H, H. Sibley being 
 elected delegate to Congress without opposition. 
 David Lambert, on what might, perhaps, be 
 termed the old settlers' ricket, was defeated in 
 St. Paul, by James M. Boal. The latter, on the 
 night of the election, was honored with a ride 
 through tovm on the axle and fore-wheels of an 
 old wagon, which was drawn by his ad mi ring 
 but somewhat undisciplined friends. 
 
 J. L. Taylor ha\ing dechned the office of 
 United States Marshal; A. M. Mitchell, of Ohio, 
 a gi'aduate of West Point, and colonel of a regi- 
 ment of Ohio volunteers in the ilexicau war, was 
 appointed and arrived at the capital early in 
 August. 
 
 There were three papers published in the ter- 
 ritory soon after its organization. The first w^as 
 the Pioneer, issued on April twenty-eighth. 1S49, 
 under most discouraging circumstances. It was 
 at first the intention of the witty and reckless 
 editor to have called his paper " The Epistle of 
 St. Paul." About the same time there was issued 
 in Cuicmnati, under the auspices of the late Dr. 
 A. Randall, of California, the first number of 
 the Register. The .second number of the paper 
 was printed at St. Piiul. in July, and the oftice 
 was ou St. ^Vuthouy, between "Washington and 
 Market Streets, About the first of Jime, James 
 Hughes, afterward of Hudson. "Wisconsin, arrived 
 with a press and materials, and established the 
 Minnesota Chronicle. After an existence of a 
 few weeks two papers were discontinued ; and, 
 in theii" place, was issued the " Chronicle and
 
 DESCBIPTION OF THE TEMPORARY CAPITOL. 
 
 119 
 
 Kegister," edited by Nathaiel McLean and John 
 P. Owens. 
 
 The first courts, pursuant to proclamation of 
 the governor, were lield in llie month of August. 
 At Stillwater, the court was organized on the 
 thirteenth of the month. Judge Goodrich pre- 
 siding, and Judge Cooper by courtesy, sitting on 
 the bench. On the twentietli, the second judi- 
 cial district held a court. The room used was 
 the old government mill at Minneapolis. The 
 presiding judge was B. B. Meeker; the foreman 
 of the grand jury, Franklin Steele. On the last 
 Monday of the month, the court for the third 
 judicial district was organized in the large stone 
 warehouse of the fur company at Meudota. The 
 presiding judge was David Cooper. Governor 
 Ramsey sat on the right, and Judge Goodrich on 
 the left. Hon. II. II. Sibley was the foreman of 
 the grand jury. As some of the jurors coidd not 
 speak the English language, W. II. Forbes acted 
 as intei-preter. The charge of Judge Cooper was 
 lucid, scho'arly, and dignified. At the request 
 of the grand jury it was afterwards published. 
 
 On Monday, the third of September, the first 
 Legislative Assembly convened in the " Central 
 Hou^,"in Saint Paul, a building at the corner 
 of Minnesota and Bench streets, facing the 
 Mississippi river wdiich answered the double 
 purpose of capitol and hotel. On the first 
 floor of the main building was the Secreta- 
 ry's offlce and Representative chamber, and in 
 the second story was the Ubrary and Council 
 chamber. As the flag was run up tlie staff in 
 front of the house, a number of Indians sat on a 
 rocky bluff in the vicinity, and gazed at what to 
 them was a novel and perhaps sadtlening scene ; 
 for if the tide of immigration sweei)S in fiom the 
 Pacific as it has from the Atlantic coast, they 
 must soon dwindle. 
 
 The legislature having organized, elected the 
 following permanent officers : David Olmsted, 
 President of Council ; Joseph R. Bro-mi, Secre- 
 ary ; H. A. Lambert, Assistant. In the House 
 of Representatives, Joseph W. Furber was elect- 
 ed Speaker ; W. D. Phillips, Clerk : L. B. Wait, 
 Assistant. 
 
 On Tuesday afternoon, both houses assembled 
 in the dining hall of the hotel, and after prayer 
 was offered by Rev. E. D. Neill, Governor Ram- 
 sey deUvered his message. The message was ably 
 
 written, and its perusal afforded satisfaction at 
 home and abroad. 
 
 The first session of the legislature adjourned on 
 the first of November. Among other proceed- 
 ings of interest, was the creation of the following 
 counties: Itasca, Wapashaw, Dahkotah, AVah- 
 nahtah, Mahkahto, Pembina ^Vashington, Ram- 
 sey and Benton. The three latter counties com- 
 prised the country that up to that time had been 
 ceded by the Indians on the east side of the Mis- 
 sissippi, Stillwater was declared the county seat 
 of Washington, Saint Paul, of Ramsey, and '• the 
 seat of justice of the coimty of Benton was to be 
 within one-quarter of a mile of a point ou the east 
 side of the Mississippi, directly opposite the mouth 
 of Sauk river." 
 
 EVENTS OF A. D 1850. 
 
 By the active exertions of the secretary of the 
 territory, C. K. Smith, Esq., the Historical 
 Society of Minnesota was incorporated at the 
 first session of the legislature. The opening an- 
 nual address was delivered in the then Methodist 
 (now Swedenborgian) church at Saint Paul, on 
 the first of January, 1850. 
 
 The following account of the proceedings is 
 from the Chronicle and Register. "The first 
 public exercises of the Mimiesota Historical 
 Society, took place at the Methodist church. Saint 
 Paul, on the first inst., and passed off highly 
 creditable to all concerned. The day was pleasant 
 and the attendance large. At the appointed 
 hour, the President and both Vice-Presidents of 
 the society bemg absent ; on motion of Hon. C. 
 K. Smith, Hon. Chief Justice Goodrich was 
 called to the chair. The same gentleman then 
 moved that a committee, consisting of ^Messrs. 
 Parsons K. Johnson, John A. Wakefield, and B. 
 W. Bnmson, be appomted to wait upon the 
 Orator of the day, Rev. Mr. Neill, and inform 
 him that the audience was waiting to hear his 
 address. 
 
 " Mr. Neill was shortly conducted to the pulpit; 
 and after an eloquent and approriate prayer by 
 the Rev. Mr. Parsons, and music by the band, he 
 proceeded to deliver his discourse upon the early 
 French missionaries and Yoyageurs into Jlinne- 
 sota. We hope the society will provide for its 
 publication at an early day. 
 
 •'After some brief remarks bv Rev. Mr.
 
 V20 
 
 EXFLOUJiiMii AM) riOJyjUJi'liS OF MINNESOTA. 
 
 Hobart, upon the objects and ends of history, the 
 ceremonies were conchided -nith a prayer by 
 that gentleman. The audience dispersed highly 
 dehghted with all that occun-ed.'' 
 
 At this early period the Minnesota Pioneer 
 issued a Carrier's New Years Address, wliich 
 was amusing doggerel. The reference to the 
 future greatness and ignoble origin of the capital 
 of ilinnesota was as follows : — 
 
 The cities on this river must be three, 
 Two that are built and one that is to be. 
 One, is the mart of all the tropics yield, 
 The cane, the orange, and the cotton-field, 
 And sends her ships abroad and boasts 
 Her trade extended to a thousand coasts ; 
 The other, central for the temperate zone. 
 Gamers the stores that on the plaius are grown, 
 A place where steamboats from all quarters. 
 
 range, 
 To meet and speculate, as 'twere on 'change. 
 The third will be, where rivers confluent flow 
 From the wide spreading north through plains 
 
 of snow ; 
 The mart of all that boundless forests give 
 To make mankind more comfortably live. 
 The land of manufacturing industry. 
 The workshop of the nation it shall be. 
 Propelled by this wide stream, you'll see 
 A thousand factories at Saiut ^Vnthony : 
 And the Saint Crots a hundred mills shall drive. 
 And all its smilnig tillages shall thrive ; 
 But then my town— remember that high bench 
 ■\Vith cabins scattered over it, of French ? 
 A man named Henry Jackson's living there. 
 Also a man— why every one knows L. Eobair, 
 Below Fort SneUing. seven miles or so, 
 And three above the village of Old Crow? 
 Pig's Eye '? Yes ; Pig's Eye ! That's the spot ! 
 A very funny name ; is't not 'f 
 Pig's Eye's the spot, to plant my city on. 
 To be remembered by, when I am gone. 
 Pig's Eye converted thou shalt be, like Saul : 
 Thy name henceforth shall be Saint Paul. 
 
 On the evening of New Year's day, at Fort 
 Snelling, there was an assemblage which is only 
 seen on the outposts of ci^'ihzation. In one of 
 the stone edifices, outside of the wall, belonging 
 to the United States, there resided a gentleman 
 who had dwelt in Minnesota since the year 1819, 
 
 and for many years had been in the employ of 
 the government, as Indian mterpreter. In youth 
 he had been a member of the Columbia Fur Com- 
 pany, and conforming to the habits of traders, 
 had piu'chased a Dahkotah wife who was whoUy 
 ignorant of the English language. As a family 
 of cliildren gathered aroimd him he recognised 
 the relation of husband and father, and consci- 
 entiously discharged his duties as a parent. Ilia 
 daughter at a proper age was sent to a boarding 
 school of some celebrity, and on the night re- 
 ferred to was married to an intelUgent young 
 American farmer. Among the guests present 
 were the officers of the garrison in full uniform, 
 with their \\ives, the United States Agent for 
 the Dahkotahs, and family, the bois brules of 
 the neighborhood, and the Indian relatives of the 
 mother. The mother lUd not make her app^'ar- 
 ance, but, as the minister proceeded with the 
 ceremony, the Dahkotah relatives, wrapped in 
 their blankets, gathered in the hall and looked 
 in through the door. 
 
 The marriage feast was worthy of the occa- 
 sion. In consequence of the numbers, the 
 ofljcers and those of European extraction partook 
 first ; then the bois brules of Ojibway and Dah- 
 kotah descent ; and, finally, the native Ameri- 
 cans, who tUd ample justice to the plentiful sup- 
 ply spread before them. 
 
 Governor Ramsey, Hon. H. H. Sibley, and the 
 delegate to Congress devised at AVashington, this 
 winter, the territorial seal. The design was Falls 
 of St. Anthony in the distance. An immigrant 
 ploughing the land on the borders of the Indian 
 cotmtry, full of hope, and looking forward to the 
 possession of the hunting grounds Ijeyond. An 
 Indian, amazed at the sight of the plough, and 
 fleeing on horseback towards the setting sim. 
 
 The motto of the Earl of Dunraven, "Qusb 
 sursum volo videre" (I wish to see what is above) 
 was most appropriately selected by Mr. Sibley, 
 but by the blunder of an engraver it appeared on 
 the territorial seal, -Quo sursum velo videre," 
 which no scholar could translate. At length was 
 substituted, "L' EtoUe da Xord," "Star of the 
 Xorth," while the device of the settmg sun 
 remained, and this is objectionable, as the State 
 of Maine had already placed the Xorth Star on 
 her escutcheon, with the motto " Dirigo," "I 
 guide.'' Perhaps some futture legislature may
 
 SCALF DANCE IN STILLWATER. 
 
 121 
 
 direct the first motto to be restored and correctly 
 engraved. 
 
 In tlie montn of April, there was a renewal of 
 hostilities between the Dahkotahs and Ojibways, 
 on lands that had been ceded to the United States. 
 A war prophet at Ked Wing, dreamed that he 
 ought to raise a war party. . Announcing the fact, 
 a number expressed their wilhngness to go on sucli 
 an expedition. Several from the Kaposia village 
 also joined the party, imder the leadership of a 
 worthless Indian, wlio had been confined in the 
 guard-house at Fort Snelling, the year previous, 
 for scalping his wife. 
 
 Passing up the valley of the St. Croix, a rew 
 miles above Stillwater the party discovered on the 
 snow the marks of a keg and footprints. These 
 told them that a man and woman of the Ojibways 
 had been to some whisky dealer's, and were re- 
 turning. Followuig their trail, they found on 
 Apple river, about twenty miles from Stillwater, 
 a band of O j ibway s encamped in one lodge. Wait- 
 ing till daybreak of Weilnesday, April second, the 
 Dahkotahs commenced firing on the unsuspecting 
 inmates, some of whom were drinking from the 
 contents of the whisky keg. The camp was com- 
 posed of fifteen, and all were murdered and scalp- 
 ed, with the exception of a lad, who was made a 
 captive. 
 
 On Thursday, the victors came to Stillwater, 
 and danced the scalp dance around the captive 
 boy, in the heat of excitement, striking him in the 
 face with the scarcely cold and bloody scalps of 
 his relatives. The child was then taken to Ka- 
 posia, and adopted by the chief. Governor Eam- 
 sey immediately took measures to send the boy to 
 his friends. At a conference held at the Gov- 
 ernor's mansion, the boy was deUvered up, and, 
 on being led out to the kitchen by a little son of 
 the Governor, since deceased, to receive refresh- 
 ments, he cried bitterly, seemingly more alarmed 
 at being left with the whites than he had been 
 while a captive at Kaposia. 
 
 From the first of April the waters of the Mis- 
 sissippi began to rise, and on the thirteenth, the 
 lower floor of the warehouse, then occupied by 
 WiUiam Constans, at the foot of Jackson street, 
 St. Paul, was submerged. Taking advantage of 
 the freshet, the steamboat Anthony Wayne, for a 
 purse of two hundred dollars, ventured through 
 the swift current above Fort Snelling, and reached 
 
 the Falls of St. Anthony. The boat loft the fort 
 after dinner, with Governor Ramsey and other 
 guests, also the band of the Sixth Regiment on 
 board, and reached the falls between three and 
 four o'clock in the afternoon. The whole town, 
 men, women and children, Uned the shore as the 
 boat approached, and welcomed this first arrival, 
 with shouts and wavuig handkerchiefs. 
 
 On the afternoon of May fifteenth, there miglit 
 have been seen, hurrying through the streets of 
 Saint Paul, a number of naked and pamted braves 
 of the Kaposia band of Dahkotahs, ornamented 
 with all the attire of war, and panting for the 
 scalps of their enemies. A few hours Ijefore, the 
 warhke head chief of the Ojibways, young Ilole- 
 in-the-Day , havuig secreted his canoe in the retired 
 gorge which leads to the cave in the upper sub- 
 urbs, with two or three associates had crossed the 
 river, and, almost in sight of the citizens of the 
 town, had attacked a small party of Dahkotahs, 
 and murdered and scalped one man. On receipt 
 of the news, (lovernor Ramsey granted a parole 
 to the thu'teen Dahkotahs confined in Fort Snell- 
 ing, for participating in the Apple river massacre. 
 
 On the morning of the sixteenth of May, the 
 first Protestant church edifice completed in the 
 white settlements, a small frame bnildmg, built 
 for the Presbyterian church, at Saint Paul, was 
 destroyed by fire, it l)eing the first conflagi'ation 
 that had occurred since the organization of the 
 territory. 
 
 One of the most interesting events of the year 
 1850, was the Indian council, at Fort Snelling. 
 Governor Ramsey had sent runners to the differ- 
 ent bands of the Ojibways and Dahkotahs, to 
 meet him at the fort, for tl;e purpose of en- 
 deavouring to'adjust their ditticulties. 
 
 On Wednesday, the twelfth of June, after 
 much talking, as is customary at Indian councils, 
 the two tribes agreed as they had frequently done 
 before, to be friendly, and Governor Ramsey 
 presenting to each party an ox. the council was 
 dissolved. 
 
 On Thursday, the Ojibways Ndsited St. Paul 
 for the first time, young Hole-in-the-Day being 
 dressed in a coat of a captain of United States 
 infantry, which had been presented to him at the 
 fort. On Friday, they left in the steamer Gov- 
 ernor Ramsey, wliich had been built at St. An- 
 thony, and just commenced running between
 
 122 
 
 EXPLORERS AND PIONEERS OF MINNESOTA. 
 
 that point and Sauk Eapids. for their homes in 
 the -svildemess of the Upper Mississippi. 
 
 The summer of 18-50 was tlie commencement 
 of the navigation of the :Minnesota Eiver by 
 steamboats. With the exception of a steamer 
 that made a pleasure excursion as far as Shokpay, 
 in 1841, no large vessels had ever disturbed the 
 waters of this stream. In June, the '"Anthony 
 Wayne," which a few weeks before had ascended 
 to the Falls of St. Anthony, made a trip. On 
 the eighteenth of July she made a second trip, 
 going almost to Mahkahto. Tlie '• Nominee " 
 also navigated the stream for some distance. 
 
 On the twenty-second of July the officers of 
 tlie •■ Yankee."' taking advantage of the higli 
 water, determined to navigate the stream as far 
 as possible. The boat ascended to near the Cot- 
 tonwood river. 
 
 As the time for the general election in Septem- 
 ber approached, considerable ~ excitement was 
 manifested. As there were no political issues 
 before the people, parties were formed based on 
 personal preferences. Among those nominated 
 for delegate to Congress, by various meetings, 
 were H. H. Sibley, the former delegate to Con- 
 gress, David Olmsted, at that time engaged in 
 the Indian trade, and A. M. Mitchell, the United 
 States marshal. Mr. Olmsted Axithdrew his 
 name before election day, and the contest was 
 lietween those interested in Sibley and Mitchell. 
 The friends of each betrayed the greatest zeal, 
 and neither pains nor money were spared to in- 
 sure success. Mr. Sibley was elected by a small 
 majority. For the firet time in the territory, 
 soldiers at the garrisons voted at this election, 
 and there was considerable discussion as to the 
 propriety of such a course. 
 
 Miss FredrLka Bremer, the well known Swedish 
 novelist, visited Minnesota in the month of 
 October, and was the guest of Governor Ramsey. 
 
 During Xovember, the Dahkotah Tawaxitku 
 Kin, or the Dahkotah Friend, a monthly paper, 
 was commenced, one-half in the Dahkotah and 
 one-half in the English language. Its editor was 
 the Rev. Gideon H. Pond, a Presbyterian mis- 
 sionary, and its place of publication at Saint Paul. 
 It was published for nearly two yeare, and. though 
 it failed to attract the attention of the Indian 
 mind, it conveyed to the English reader much 
 
 correct information in relation to the habits, the 
 belief, and superstitions, of the Dahkotahs. 
 
 On the tenth of December, anew paper, owned 
 and edited by Daniel A. Robertson, late United 
 States marshal, of Ohio, and called the Minne- 
 sota Democrat, made its appearance. 
 
 During the summer there had been changes in 
 the editorial supervision of the '" Chronicle and 
 Register." For a brief period it was edited by 
 L. A. Babcock, Esq., who was succeeded by W. 
 G. Le Due. 
 
 About the time of the issuing of the Demo- 
 crat, C. J. llenniss, formerly reporter for the 
 United States Gazette, Philadelphia, became the 
 editor of the Chronicle. 
 
 The first proclamation for a thanksgiving day 
 was issued in 1850 by the governor, and the 
 twenty-sixth of December was the time appointed 
 and it was generally obsened. 
 
 EVENTS OF A. D. 1851. 
 
 On Wednesday, January first, 1851. the second 
 Legislative Assembly assembled in a three-story 
 brick building, since destroyed by fire, that stood 
 on St. Anthony street, between Washington and 
 Franklin. D. B. Loomis was chosen Speaker of 
 the Council, and M. E. Ames Speaker of the 
 House. This assemlily was characterized by 
 more bitterness of feehng than any that has 
 since convened. The preceding delegate election 
 had been based on personal preferences, and 
 cliques and factions manifested themselves at an 
 early period of the session. 
 
 The locatmg of the penitentiary at Stillwater. 
 and the capitol building at St. Paul gave some 
 dissatisfaction. By the efforts of J. W. Xorth, 
 Esq.. a bill creating the University of Minnesota 
 at or near the Falls of St. Anthony, was passed, 
 and signed by the Governor. This institution, 
 by the State Constitution, is now the State Uni- 
 versity. 
 
 During the session of this Legislature, the pub- 
 Ucatiou of the " Chronicle and Register" ceased. 
 About the middle of ]Slay. a war party of Dah- 
 kotahs discovered near Swan River, an Ojibway 
 witli a keg of whisky. The latter escaped, with 
 the loss of his keg. The war party, drinking the 
 contents, became intoxicated, and, firing upon 
 some teamrters they met driving their wagons 
 with goods to the Indian Agency, killed one of
 
 LANDS WEST OF THE MISSISSIPPI CEDED. 
 
 123 
 
 them, Andrew Swartz, a resident of St. Paul. 
 The news was conveyed to Fort Kipley, and a 
 party of soldiers, with IIole-in-the-Day as a guide, 
 started in pursuit of the murderers, l)ut did not 
 succeed in capturing them. Through the influ- 
 ence of Little Six the Dahkotah chief, whose vil- 
 lage was at (and named after him) Sholc- 
 pay, five of tlie offlenders were arrested and 
 placed in the guard-house at Fort Snelling. On 
 Monday, Jime ninth, they left the fort in a wagon, 
 guarded by twenty-five dragoons, destined for 
 Sauk Kapids for trial. As tliey departed they all 
 Bang their death song, and the coarse soldiers 
 amused themselves by making .signs that they 
 were going to be hung. On the first evening of 
 the journey the five culprits encamped vsdth the 
 iTwenty-five dragoons. Handcuffed, they were 
 placed in the tent, and yet at midnight they all 
 escaped, only one being wounded by the guard. 
 What was more remarkable, the woimded man 
 was the first to bring the news to St. Paul. Pro- 
 ceeding to Kaposia, his wound was examined by 
 the missionary and physician, Dr. WUliamson ; 
 and then, fearing an arrest, be took a canoe and 
 paddled up the Minnesota. The excuse offered 
 by the dragoons was, that all the guard but one 
 fell asleep. 
 
 The first paper published in Minnesota, beyond 
 the capital, was the St. Antliony Express, which 
 made its appearance during the last week of 
 April or May. 
 
 The most important event of the year 1851 
 was the treaty with tlie Dahkotahs, by which the 
 west side of the Mississippi and the valley of the 
 Minnesota River were opened to the hardy immi- 
 grant. The commissioners on the part of the 
 United States were Luke Lea, Commissioner of 
 Indian Affairs, and Governor Ramsey. The 
 place of meeting for the upper bands was Trav- 
 erse des Sioux. The commission arrived there 
 on the last of June, but were obliged to wait 
 many days for the assembling of the various bands 
 of Dahkotahs. 
 
 On the eighteenth of July, all those expected 
 having arrived, the Sissetoans and Wahpaytoan 
 Dahkotahs assembled in grand coimcil with the 
 United States commissioners. After the usual 
 f eastings and speeches, a treaty was concluded 
 on Wednesday, July twenty-third. The pipe 
 having been smoked by the commissioners, Lea 
 
 and Ramsey, it was passed to the chiefs. The 
 paper containing the treaty was then read in 
 English and translated into the Dahkotah by the 
 Rev. S. R. Riggs, Presbyterian Missionary among 
 this people. This finished, the chiefs came up 
 to the secretary's table and touched the pen; the 
 white men present then witnessed the document, 
 and nothing renained but the ratification of the 
 United States Senate to open that vast country 
 for the residence of the hardy immigrant. 
 
 During* the first week in Atignst, a treaty was 
 also concluded beneath an oak bower, on Pilot 
 Knob, Mendota, with the M'dewakantonwan and 
 Wahpaykootay bands of Dahkotahs. About sixty 
 of the chiefs and principal men touched tlie pen, 
 and Little Crow, who had been hi the mission- 
 school at Lac qui Parle, signed his own name. 
 Before they separated. Colonel Lea and Governor 
 Ramsey gave them a few words of advice on 
 various subjects connected with their futiu-e well- 
 being, but particularly on the subject of educa- 
 tion and temperance. The treaty was interpret- 
 ed to them by the Rev. G. 11. Pond, a gentleman 
 who was conceded to be a most correct speaker 
 of the Dahkotah tongue. 
 
 The day after the treaty these lower bands 
 received thirty thousand dollars, which, by the 
 treaty of 1837, was set apart for education ; but, 
 by the misrepresentations of interested half- 
 breeds, the Indians were made to believe that 
 it ought to be given to them to be employed as 
 they pleased. 
 
 The next week, with their sacks filled with 
 money, they thronged the streets of St. Paul, 
 pm-chasing whatever pleased tlieir fancy. 
 
 On the seventeenth of September, a new paper 
 was commenced in St. Paul, luider the auspices 
 of the ""VVhigs," and John P. Owens became 
 editor, which relation he sustained until the fall 
 of 18.57. 
 
 The election for members of the legislature 
 and coimty oflicers occun-ed on the fourteenth of 
 October; and, for the first time, a regular Demo- 
 cratic ticket was placed before the people. The 
 parties called themselves Democratic and Anti- 
 organization, or Coalition. 
 
 In the montli of Xov<*ml)er -Jerome Fuller ar- 
 rived, and took the place of Judge Goodrich as 
 Chief Justice of Minnesota, who was removed ; 
 and, about the same time, Alexander Wilkin was
 
 124 
 
 EXPLOBEBS AXD PIOXHEBS OF MIXXESOTA. 
 
 appointed secretary of the territory in place of 
 C. K. Smitli. 
 
 The eighteenth of December, pursuant to 
 proclamation, was observed as a day of Thanks- 
 giving. 
 
 EVENTS OF A. D. 1852. 
 
 The third Legislative Assembly commenced its 
 sessions in one of the edifices on Third below 
 Jackson street, which became a portion of the 
 Merchants' Hotel, on the seventh of January, 
 1852. 
 
 This session, compared with the previous, 
 formed a contrast as great as that between a 
 boisterous day in March and a calm June morn- 
 ing. The minds of the population were more 
 deeply interested in the ratification of the treaties 
 made ^^^ith the Dahkotahs, than in political dis- 
 cussions. Among other legislation of Interest 
 was the creation of Hennepin county. 
 
 On Saturday- , the fourteenth of February, a 
 dog-train amved at St. Paul from the north, 
 with the distinguished Arctic explorer, Dr. Kae. 
 He had been in search of the long-missing Sir 
 John Franklin, by way of the ilackenzie river, 
 and was now on his way to Europe. 
 
 On the fourteenth of ilay, an interesting lusus 
 naturae occurred at Stillwater. On the prairies, 
 beyond the elevated bluffs ■oliicli encircle the 
 business portion of the town, there is a lake which 
 discharges its waters through a ravine, and sup- 
 phed ]\IcKusick"s mill. Owing to heavy rains, 
 the hills became saturated with water, and the 
 lake very full. Before daylight the citizens heard 
 the " voice of many waters," and looking out, saw 
 rushing down through the ra\iue. trees, gi-avel 
 and diluvium. Xothuig impeded its course, and 
 as it issued from the ravine it spread over the 
 town site, covering up bams and small tenements, 
 and, continuing to the lake shore, it materially 
 improved the landing, by a deposit of many tons 
 of earth. One of the editors of the day, alluding 
 to the fact, quaintly remarked, that " it was a 
 very exti-aordinary movement uf real estate." 
 
 During the summer, EUjah Terry, a young 
 man who had left St. Paul the previous March, 
 and went to Pembma, to act as teacher to the 
 mixed bloods in that \iclnity, was murdered un- 
 der distressmg circumstances. With a bois bnile 
 he had started to the woods on the morning of 
 
 his death, to hew timber. 'While there he was 
 fired upon by a small party of Dahkotahs ; a ball 
 broke his arm, and he was pierced with arrows. 
 His scalp was wrenched from his head, and was 
 aftenvards seen among Sissetoii Dahkotahs, near 
 Big Stone Lake. 
 
 About the last of August, the pioneer editor 
 of Miimesota, James M. (joodhue. died. 
 
 At the November Term of the United States 
 Distiict Court, of Kamsey county, a Dalikotah, 
 named Yu-ha-zee. was tried for the murder of a 
 German woman. 'With others she was travel- 
 ing above Shokpay, when a party of Indians, of 
 whom the prisoner was one, met them; and, 
 gathermg about the wagon, were much excited. 
 The prisoner pimehed the woman first with his 
 gim. and. being threatened by one of the party, 
 loaded and fired, killing the woman and wound- 
 ing one of the men. 
 
 On the day of his trial he was escorted from 
 Fort SneUing by a company of mounted dragoons 
 hi full dress. It was an impressive scene to 
 witness the poor Indian half hid m his blanket, 
 in a buggy with the civil officer, surrounded with 
 all the pomp and circumstance of war. The jury 
 fotmd him guilty. On being asked if he had 
 anj-thing to say why sentence of death should 
 not be passed, he replied, through the interpreter, 
 that the band to which he belonged would remit 
 their annuities if he could be released. To this 
 Judge Hayner, the successor of Judge Fuller, 
 replied, that he had no authority to release 
 him : and, ordering him to rise, after some 
 appropriate and Impressive remarks, he pro- 
 nounced the first sentence of death ever pro- 
 nounced by a judicial officer in Minnesota. The 
 prisoner trembled while the judge spoke, and 
 was a piteous spectacle. By the statute of Min- 
 nesota, then, one con\icted of murder could not 
 be executed luitil twelve umnths had elapsed, and 
 lie was confined until the governor of the ter- 
 orrity shoiUd by warrant order his execution. 
 
 EVENTS OF A. D. 1853. 
 
 The fourth Legislative Assembly convened on 
 the fifth of January. 1853. in the two story brick 
 edifice at the corner of Tliird and Minnesota 
 streets. The CoimcU chose ]Slartin ilcLeod as 
 presiding officer, and the House Dr. Da\id Day,
 
 INDIAN FIGHT IN STREEIS OF ST. PAUL. 
 
 125 
 
 Speaker. Governor Eamsey's message was an 
 interesting document. 
 
 The Baldwin sctiool, now known as Macalester 
 College, was incorporated at this session of the 
 legislature, and was opened the folkroing .June. 
 
 On the ninth of April, a party of Ojibways 
 killed a Dahkotah, at the village of Shokpay. A 
 war party, from Kaposia, then proceeded up the 
 valley of the St. Croix, and killed an Ojibway. 
 On the morning of the twenty-seventh, a band 
 of Ojibway warriors, naked, decked, and fiercely 
 gesticulating, might have been seen in the busiest 
 street of the capital, in search of their enemies. 
 Just at that time a small party of women, and 
 one man, who had lost a leg in the battle of Still- 
 water, arrived in a canoe from Kaposia, at the 
 Jackson street landing. Perceiving the Ojib- 
 ways, they retreated to the building then knovs-n 
 as the " Pioneer " office, and the Ojibways dis- 
 charging a volley through the windows, wounded 
 a Dahkotah woman who soon died. For a short 
 time, the infant capital presented a sight 
 similar to that witnessed in ancient days in 
 Hadley or Deerfield, the then frontier towns of 
 Massachusetts. Messengers were despatched to 
 Fort Snelling for the dragoons, and a party of 
 citizens moinited on horseback, were quickly in 
 pursuit of tliose who with so much boldness had 
 sought the streets of St. Paul, as a place to 
 .avenge their wrongs. The dragoons soon fol- 
 lowed, with Indian guides scenting the track of 
 the Ojibways, like bloodliounds. The next day 
 they discovered the transgressors, near the Falls 
 of St. Croix. The Ojibways manifestmg what 
 was supposed to be an insolent spirit, the order 
 was given by the lieutenant in command, to fire, 
 and he whose scalp was afterwards daguerreo 
 
 typed, and which was engraved for Graham's 
 Magazine, wallowed in gore. 
 
 During the summer, the passenger, as he stood 
 on the hurricane deck of any of the steamboats, 
 might have seen, on a scaffold on the bluffs in 
 the rear of Kaposia, a square box covered with a 
 coarsely fringed red cloth. Above it was sus- 
 pended a piece of the Ojibway's scalp, whose 
 death had caused the affray in the streets of St. 
 Paul. Within, was the body of the woman who 
 had been shot in the " Pioneer " buildmg, while 
 seeking refuge. A scalp suspended over the 
 corpse is supposed to be a consolation to the soul, 
 and a great protection in the journey to the spirit 
 land. 
 
 On the accession of Pierce to the presidency of 
 the United States, the officers appointed under 
 the Taylor and Fillmore administrations were 
 removed, and the following gentlemen substitu- 
 ted : Governor, W. A. Gorman, of Indiana ; Sec- 
 retary, J. T. Rosser, of Virginia ; Chief Justice, 
 W. II. Welch, of Minnesota ; Associates, Moses 
 Sherburne, of Maine, and A. G. Chatfield, of 
 Wisconsin. One of the first official acts of the 
 second Governor, was the making of a treaty 
 with the Wiimebago IntUans at Watab, Benton 
 county, for an exchange of country. 
 
 On the twenty-ninth of .Jiuie, D. A. Robertson, 
 who by his enthusiasm and earnest advocacy of 
 its principles had done much to organize the 
 Democratic party of Minnesota, retired from the 
 editorial chair and was succeeded by David Olm- 
 sted. 
 
 At the election held in October, Henry M. 
 Rice and Alexander Wilkin were candidates 
 for deligate to Congress. The former was elect- 
 ed by a decisive majority.
 
 126 
 
 EXPLOBEBS AND PIONEEBS OF MINNESOTA. 
 
 CHAPTEK XXIII. 
 
 EVENTS FE03I A. D. 1854 TO THE ADMISSION OF JUNNESOTA TO THE TTKION. 
 
 Fifth Legislature— Execution of Yuhazee— Sixth Legislature— Firet bridge over the 
 Mississippi— Arctic F-xpl.Ter— Seventh Legislature — Indian girl killed near 
 Blooniington Ferry — Eighth Legislature — Attempt to Remove the Capital — 
 Special Session of the Legis-lature — Convention to frame a State Constitution- 
 Admission of Minnesota to the Union. 
 
 The fifth session of the legislature was com- 
 menced ill the building jnst completed as the 
 Capitol, on January fourth, 18o4. The President 
 of the Couufil was S. B. Olmstead, and the Speak- 
 er of the House of Representatives was N. C. D. 
 Taylor. 
 
 Governor Gorman delivered his first annual 
 message on the tenth, and as his predecessor, 
 urged the importance of railway communications, 
 and dwelt upon the necessity of fostering the in- 
 terests of education, and of the lumbermen. 
 
 The exciting bUl of the session was the act in- 
 corporating the Mimiesota and Northwestern 
 Railroad Company, introduced by Joseph R. 
 Brown. It was passed after the hour of midnight 
 on the last day of the session. Contrary to the 
 expectation of his fiiends, the Governor signed 
 the bill. 
 
 On the afternoon of December twenty-seventh, 
 the first public execution m Jilinnesota, in accord- 
 ance with the forms of law. took place. Yu-lia- 
 zee, the Dahkotah who had been convicted in 
 November, 1852, for the murder of a German 
 woman, above Shokpay, was the individual. 
 The scaffold was erected on the open space be- 
 tween an inn called the Franklin House and the 
 rear of the late Mr. J. W. Selby's enclosure 
 in St. Paul. About two o'clock, the prisoner, 
 dressed in a white shroud, left the old log pris- 
 on, near the court house, and entered a caniage 
 with the officers of the law. Being assisted up 
 the steps that led to the scaffold, he made a few 
 remarks in his own language, and was then exe- 
 cuted. Numerous ladies sent in a petition to 
 the governor, asking the pardon of the Indian, 
 to which that oflScer in declining made an appro- 
 priate reply. 
 
 EVENTS OF A. D. 1S55. 
 
 The sixth session of the legislature convened 
 on the third of January, 1855. W; P. Murray 
 was elected President of the Council, and James 
 S. Norris Speaker of the House. 
 
 About the last of January, the two houses ad- 
 journed one day, to attend the exercises occa- 
 sioned by the opening of the first bridge of 
 any kind, over the mighty ^Mississippi, from 
 Lake Itasca to the Gulf of Mexico. It was at 
 Falls of Saint Anthony, and made of wire, and 
 at the time of its opening, the patent for the 
 laud on which the west piers were built, had not 
 been issued fi'om the Land Office, a striking evi- 
 dence of the rapidity with which the city of 
 ilinneapolis, which now siuromids the Falls, has 
 developed. 
 
 On the twenty-ninth of March, a convention 
 was held at Saint Anthony, which led to the 
 formation of the RepubUcan party of Minnesota. 
 This body took measures for the holding of a 
 territorial convention at St. Paul, which con- 
 vened on the twenty-fifth of July, and WilUam 
 R. Marshall was nominated as delegate to Con- 
 gress. Shortly after tlie friends of Mr. Sibley 
 nominated David Olmsted and Henry ^I. Rice, 
 the former delegate was also a candidate. The 
 contest was animated, and residted iu the elec- 
 tion of Mr. Rice. 
 
 About noon of December twelfth. 1855. a four- 
 horse vehicle was seen driving rapidly through 
 St. Paul, and deep was the interest when it was 
 announced that one of the Arctic exploring party, 
 Mr. James Stewart, was on his way to Canada 
 with relics of the world - renowned and world- 
 momiied Sir John FrankUn. Gatheiing together 
 the precious fragments foimd on Montreal Island 
 and vicmity. the party had left the region of ice- 
 bergs on the ninth of August, and after a con- 
 tinued land journey from that time, had reached
 
 PROPOSED REMO VAL OF THE SEAT OF GO VEliNMEiiT. 
 
 127 
 
 Saint Paul on that day, en route to the Iludsou 
 Bay Company's quarters in Canada. 
 
 EVENTS OF A. D. 1856. 
 
 The seventh session of the Legislative Assem- 
 bly was begun ou the second of January, 1856, 
 and again the exciting question was tlie Minne- 
 sota and Korth western Raih'oad Company. 
 
 Jolui B. Brisbiu was electeij President of the 
 CouncU, and Charles Gardner, Speaker of the 
 House. 
 
 Til is year was comparatively devoid of interest. 
 The citizens of the territory were busily engaged 
 in making claims in newly organized coimties, 
 and in enlarging the area of civilization. 
 
 On the twelfth of June, several Ojibways 
 entered the farm house of Mr. WhaUon, who re- 
 sided in Hennepin coimty, on the banks of the 
 Minnesota, a mile beluw the Bloomingtoii ferry. 
 The wife of the farmer, a friend, and three child- 
 ren, besides a little Dahkotah girl, who had been 
 brought up in the mission-liouse at Kaposia, and 
 so changed in manners that her origin was 
 scarcely perceptible, were sitting in the room 
 when the Indians came in. Instantly seizing 
 the little Indian maiden, they threw her out of 
 the door, killed and scalped her, and fled before 
 the men who were near by, in the field, could 
 reach the house. 
 
 EVENTS OF A. D. 18.57. 
 
 The procurement of a, state organization, and 
 a grant of lands for railroad pui'poses, were the 
 topics of political interest durhig the year 1857. 
 
 The eighth Legislative Assembly convened at 
 the capitol on the seventh of January, and J. B. 
 Brisbin was elected President of the Council, and 
 J. W. Furber, Speaker of the House. 
 
 A bill changing the seat of government to 
 Sanit Peter, on the Minnesota lliver, caused 
 much discussion. ... — ■-• 
 
 On Saturday, Febniary twenty -eighth, ilr. 
 Balcombe offered a resolution to report the bill 
 for the removal of the seat of govenmient, and 
 should Mr. Rolette, chairman <if tlie committee, 
 fail, that "W. W. Wales, of said committee, report 
 a copy of said bUl. 
 
 Mr. Setzer, after the readhig of the resolution, 
 moved a call of the Coimcil, and Mr. Rolette was 
 found to be absent. Tlie chau- ordered the ser- 
 geant at ai-ms to report ilr Rolette hi his seat. 
 
 Mr. Balcombe moved that further proceedings 
 imder the call be tli<;pensed with ; which did not 
 prevail. From that time until the next Thursday 
 afternoon, March the fifth, a period of one hun- 
 dred and twenty-lb i(.'e hours, the Council re- 
 mained in their chtimber without recess. At that 
 time a motion to adjourn prevailed. On Friday 
 another motion was made to dispense w\i\\ the 
 call of the Council, which did not prevail. On 
 Saturday, the Coimcil met, the president declared 
 the call still pending. At seven and a half p. m., 
 a committee of the House was announced. The 
 chair nded, that no commmiication from the 
 House could be received while a call of the Coun- 
 cil was pendmg, and the .committee withdrew. 
 A motion was agahi made during the last night 
 of the session, to dispense with all fmther pro- 
 ceedings imder the call, which prevailed, with 
 one vote only in the negative. 
 
 Mr. Ludden then moved that a committee be 
 appointed to wait on the tiovernor. and inquire if 
 he had any further communication to make to 
 the Council. 
 
 Mr. LoviTy moved a call of the CouncU, which 
 was ordered, and the roll being called, Messrs. 
 Rolette, Thompson and Tillotson were absent. 
 
 At twelve o'clock at night tlie president re- 
 sumed the chair, and announced that the time 
 limited by law for the conthmatiou of the session 
 of the territorial legislature had expired, and he 
 therefore declared the Council adjourned and the 
 seat of government remained at Saint Paul. 
 
 The excitement on the capital question was in- 
 tense, and it was a strange scene to see members 
 of the Council, eating and sleeping m the hall of 
 legislation for days, waiting for the sergeant-at- 
 arms to report an absent member in his seat. 
 
 On the twenty-third of February, 1857, an act 
 passed the United States Senate, to authorize 
 the people of Mimiesota to form a constitution, 
 preparatory to their admission into the L'niou 
 on an equal footing with the original states. 
 
 Governor Gorman called a special session 
 of the legislature, to take into consideration 
 measures that woidd give efliciency to the act. 
 The extra session ctinvened on April twenty- 
 seventh, and a message was transmitted by Sam- 
 uel Medary, who had been ajipointed governor 
 ui place of W. A. Gorman, whose term of office
 
 128 
 
 EXPLOEERS AND PIOXEEBS OF JIINSESOTA. 
 
 had expired. The extra session adjourned on 
 the twenty-third of May ; and in accordance i 
 with the provisions of the enabling act of Con- 
 gress, an election was held on the first Monday 
 in June, for delegates to a convention which was 
 to assemble at the capitol on the second Monday 
 in July. The election resulted, as was thought. 
 in giving a majority of delegates to the Eepubli- 
 can party. 
 
 At midnight previous to the day fixed for the 
 meeting of the convention, the Republicans pro- 
 ceeded to the capitol, because the enabling act 
 had not fixed at what hour on the second Mon- 
 day the convention should assemble, and fear- 
 ing that the Democratic delegates might antici- 
 pate them, and elect the officers of the body. 
 A little before twelve, a. m., on Monday, the 
 secretaiy of the territory entered tlie speaker's 
 rostrum, and began to call the body to order : 
 and at the same time a delegate, J. "W. Xorth, 
 who had in his possession a written request from 
 the majority of the delegates present, proceeded 
 to do the same thing. Tlie secretary of the ter- 
 ritory put a motion to adjourn, and the Demo- 
 cratic members present voting in the affirmative, 
 they left the hall. The Republicans, feeling that 
 they were in the majority, remained, and in due 
 time organized, and proceeded with the business 
 specified in the enafjling act, to form a constitu- 
 tion, and. take all necessary steps for the estab- 
 Ushment of a state government, in conformity 
 with the Federal Constitution, subject to the 
 approval and ratification of the people of the 
 proposed state. 
 
 After several days the Democratic wing also 
 organized in the Senate chamber at the capitol, 
 and, claiming to be the tree body, also proceeded 
 to form a constitution. Both parties were re- 
 markalily orderl) and intelligent, and everj-thing 
 was marked by perfect decorum. After they had 
 been in session some weeks, moderate counsels 
 
 prevailed, and a committee of conference was 
 appointed from each body, which resulted in 
 both adopting the constitution framed by the 
 Democratic wing, on the twenty-ninth of Aug- 
 gust. According to the provision of the consti- 
 tution, an election was held for state officers 
 and the adoption of the constitution, on the 
 second Tuesday, the thirteenth of October. The 
 constitution was adopted by almost a unanimous 
 vote. It provided that the territorial officers 
 should retain their offices imtil the state was ad- 
 mitted into the Union, not anticipating the 
 long delay which was experienced. 
 
 The first session of the state legislature com- 
 menced on the fii-st Wednesday of December, at 
 the capitol, in the city of Saint Paul ; and during 
 the month elected Henry M. Eice and James 
 Shields as their Representatives in the United 
 States Senate. 
 
 EVENTS OF A. T). 1858. 
 
 On the twenty-ninth of January, 1858, Mr. 
 Douglas submitted a bill to the United States 
 Senate, for the admission of Minnesota into the 
 Union. On the first of February, a discussion 
 arose on the bill, in which Senators Douglas, 
 AVilson, Gwui, Hale, Mason, Green, Bro\«i, and 
 Crittenden participated. Brown, of Mississippi, 
 was opposed to the admission of Minnesota, un- 
 til the Kansas question was settled. !Mr. Crit- 
 tenden, as a Southern man, could not.endorse iJI 
 that was said by the Senator from Mississipfi; 
 and his words of wisdom and moderation duriig 
 this day's discussion, were worthy of remeji- 
 brance. On April tlie seventh, the bill passed 
 the Senate with only three dissenting votes ; and 
 in a short time the House of Representatives 
 concurred, and on May the eleventh, the Presi- 
 dent approved, and Minnesota was fidly rec- 
 ognized as one of the United States of America.
 
 OUTLINES 
 
 OF THE 
 
 HISTORY OF MINNESOTA FROM 1858 TO 1881. 
 
 CHAPTER XXIV. 
 
 ADJnSSION AND ORGANIZATION OF THE STATE. 
 
 Admission of the State. — Its want of Resources. — The Hard Times. — Commence- 
 ment of Railroad Building. — The State Railroad Bonds Discredited.—" Wild- 
 Cat" Banking Scheme. — The Wright County War.— Failure of the State Loan 
 Scheme.— Attempted Adjustment of the Dilemma, — Partial return of Good 
 Times. — The Political Campaign of 1660. — Secession Movement. — Prospect of 
 War, &c., &c. 
 
 On May 11th, 18.58, the act of Congress admit- 
 ting iSIinnesota to tlie Union, became a law, and 
 onr State took lier place among the sisterhood of 
 republics, the thirty-second in the order of admis- 
 sion, and had thenceforth a voice in the national 
 councils. On the -4th of May, the State officers 
 elect were quietly sworn in, in the Executive 
 Rooms in the Capitol, and the machinery of the 
 State goverinnent was put in motion. The out- 
 look for the little commonwealth at this time, 
 was far from propitious. The terrible financial 
 revulsion of the previous year had prostrated all 
 business, destroyed values, undermined confi- 
 dence, depressed the energies and ambition of 
 the people, and almost entirely checked immigra- 
 tion. There was liut limited agriculture (a large 
 portion of the lu-ead-stuffs used being imported), 
 little accumulated wealth, and that mostly based 
 on real estate, now unsaleable, money command- 
 ing two per cent, a month; no established indus- 
 tries or manufactures, not a mile of railroad, no 
 sound banks or currency, no system for raising 
 revenue, and not a cent of money in the State 
 treasury. In fact the State was considerably in 
 debt. The loan of SliJO.OOO authorized by the 
 Legislature the winter previous, was not yet real- 
 ized on. Meantime, denominational treasury 
 9 
 
 warrants, bearmg interest, were used as currency, 
 while town and county " scrip " were generally 
 circulated among the people as money. It was 
 under such gloomy circumstances as these, that 
 the State began its career. 
 
 An adjourned session of the Legislature was 
 held in .July, but little or nothing could be done 
 for the relief of the people from the financial strin- 
 gency or other troubles surromidmg them. Some 
 relief was hoped for from the building of the 
 land grant railroads, which were generally got 
 under way during the summer, but there was not 
 as much money disbursed by the companies or 
 contractors, as had been anticipated. The direct- 
 ors of the roads hurried their first ten mile sec- 
 tions of grading to completion as rapidly as possi- 
 ble, and as soon as they were entitled to bonds, 
 according to the terms of the constitutional 
 amendment, applied to Gov. Sibley for the same. 
 He declmed to issue them unless the roads wotild 
 give the State first mortgage bonds in equal 
 amounts, giving it a priority of lien. This the 
 land grant companies refused to accede to, and 
 applied to the Supreme Court of the State, for a 
 writ of mandamus, to compel Gov. Sibley to issue 
 the bonds, as demanded by them. The writ was 
 issued on November 12tli, and left the E.xecutive 
 no alternative in the premises, so the bonds were 
 issued. Efforts were at once made to negotiate 
 them in the New York market. 
 
 The harvest this year, although a greatly in- 
 creased area was sown, was almost a failure, and 
 — - (129)
 
 130 
 
 OUTLINES OF THE HISTOliY OF MIXXESOTA. 
 
 bread-stuffs were still largely imported. Kvery- 
 body was in the most desperate straits financially 
 A winter of gloom and depression set in, such as 
 has never been experienced in the history of the 
 Xoi-thwest. and, it is scarcely probable, ever will 
 be again. The price of labor, for such as could 
 get employment at all. touched an imprecedentedly 
 low flgui-e, though, fortunately, the cost of living 
 had declined in the same ratio. Meantime, the ne- 
 gotiation of the bonds in Xew York, proceeded 
 very slowly. Capitalists were very unwilling to 
 invest in them, as already some journals ui the 
 State had predicted the failure and break-down 
 of the whole scheme, added to pretty clearly ex- 
 pressed threats that the bonds would be repudi- 
 ated. Anxious to save the credit of the State. 
 and prevent a disastrous ending of the measure. 
 Gov. Sibley went to New York in person, about 
 the close of the year (1858) and gave his best en- 
 deavors to aid the pending negotiation of the 
 bonds ; but the capitalists there, alarmed at the 
 hostile tone of the newspapers in the State, finally 
 refused to touch them at all. The only recourse 
 now left for the holders of the bonds, and those 
 interested in the railroad scheme, was to use 
 them as a security for the issue of hank notes, 
 imder the recently enacted general banking law. 
 Purported sales at ninety-five cents on the dollar 
 ha\Tng been certified to the State Auditor, he re- 
 ceived a large number at this figure, and procured 
 for the owners currency in like amount. Mean- 
 time, work was progressing on the four land grant 
 roads. 
 
 Xo session of the legislature was held in the 
 winter of 18.58-"9. The stringency increased 
 with each month. The newspapers of the state 
 which survived, were crowded with mortgage 
 foreclosiu-e advertisements. Taxes were scarcely 
 paid at all, and the warrants, or scrip, of both 
 State and counties, depreciated, in some in- 
 stances, to forty or fifty cents on the dollar. 
 These were soon replaced by the issues of the 
 new banks based on the state railroad bonds 
 which now began to flood the state, imtil the 
 names '■Glencoe,"'-Owatonna,"' '"La Crosse'' and 
 "La Crescent," etc., were familiar words. These 
 issues were regarded with considerable distrust 
 from the outset. Bankers in the state received 
 them with much disrelish, and generally at a 
 discount, while outside the state, they scarcely 
 
 circulated at aU. The Cliicago papers, and some 
 financial journals in Xew York, classed them as 
 "wild-cat." Their issue was pushed for a few 
 weeks, however, until in the spring of 1S.59 over 
 $200,000 of the currency was in circulation. 
 There were, in addition to these " raUroad banks." 
 several based on Minnesota 8 per cents, which 
 were actually worth par. 
 
 During the summer of 1Sj9 the reported discov- 
 ery of gold on Frazer Elver, and other points in 
 British North America, called the attention of the 
 people of 3Iinnesota to the importance of an over- 
 land route to the Pacific, which might ultimately 
 lead the way for a northern raUroad route. Meet- 
 ings were held, and money was subscribed, to 
 equip a train to open a wagon road via the north- 
 ern bend of the Missouri River. Col. Wm. H. 
 Xobles was placed m command of the ex"pedi- 
 tion, which left St. Paul on June 11, and pro- 
 ceeded safely through. Another important step 
 towards settling the regions beyond us, was the 
 successful navigation of Red River, by a steamer 
 launched this season. The Mimiesota Stage Com- 
 p;my also established a hue to the Red River. 
 
 The " Wright coimty war," as it has been fa- 
 cetiously termed, occurred this summer. In the 
 fall of 18-58, one II. A. Wallace was murdered in 
 Wright county, and a neighbor, named Oscar F. 
 Jackson, was tried for the offense in the spring 
 of 18.59. and acquitted. On April 25, a crowd of 
 men assembled, and hung Jackson to the gable 
 end of Wallace's cabin. Gov. Sibley offered a re- 
 ward for the con^■iction of any of the lynchers. 
 Xot long afterwards one Emery Moore was ar- 
 rested on charge of being concerned in the out- 
 rage, and was taken to Wright County for trial, 
 but was rescued by a mob. Gov. Sibley at once 
 decided to take A"igorous steps to maintaui the 
 majesty of the law. A military force was eaUed 
 out, and three companies dispatched (Aug. 5) to 
 Monticello to arrest the riotere. The troops pro- 
 ceeded to Jlouticello, reinforced the civil author- 
 ities, arrested eleven lynchei-s and rescuers, and 
 turned them over to the civU authorities. Hav- 
 ing vmdicated the supremacy of law and order, 
 the bloodless expedition returned. 
 
 The financial condition had meantime been 
 growing worse. Early in June, the brokers of 
 the state had combined to depreciate the '-Glen 
 coe money," as the raUroad currency was called,
 
 ADMISSION AND ORGANIZATION OF THE STATE. 
 
 131 
 
 and as several sums which had been presented at 
 the banks for redemption, were not redeemed, 
 they were protested, and the state auditor was 
 compelled to advertise the securities for sale. 
 This caused a still further depreciation o- ths 
 money, until shortly it was scarcely ciuTent on 
 any terms. Meantime all work on the land grant 
 lines had lu'en finally and completely suspended, 
 and §2,275,000 of the state bonds had been issued. 
 In October, it was stated that the bonds had been 
 sold as low as ten cents on the dollar. The cou- 
 pons due on Dec. 1, 18.59, were unpaid, and the 
 companies holding the bonds declared in default. 
 Tlie whole scheme had thus -been brought to a 
 complete failure, and was now practically aban- 
 doned, while not a mile of road had been com- 
 pleted. 
 
 The hard times, and the failure of the real es- 
 tate speculative era, Iiad one good result, how- 
 ever, which was, to turn increased attention to 
 agriculture. A greatly enlarged area was sown, 
 and the agricultural resources of the State began 
 to be known as tlie true source of its wealth. 
 For the first time, breadstuffs were exported, and 
 immigration began again. 
 
 The fall of this year witnessed a bitter political 
 fight. Two years before, the parties had been 
 pretty evenly divided. This campaig'i each one 
 spent its full force and energy, and had nomina- 
 ted for state officers their most popular men. 
 The election took place on Oct. 11. Hon. Alex. 
 Ramsey was chosen governor, by a vote of 21,335, 
 over Hon, George L. Becker, wlio received 17,532. 
 The legislatiu'e which met on Dec. 7, was largely 
 republican. 
 
 The most important work which came before 
 this session was some adjustment of the dilemma 
 into wliieh the state liad fallen, tlu'ough the adop- 
 tion of tlie loan amendment. Nearly the entire 
 session was consumed in debating various plans 
 of extrication without much fruit. The loan 
 amendment was expunged, however, and a new 
 amendment was framed for submission to the 
 people, providing that there sliould be no further 
 issue of bonct^ to the companies; also, tliat no law 
 levying a tax to pay either principal or interest 
 on the bonds already issued, should be of any force 
 or effect, until ratified by a popular vote. These 
 constitutional amendments were adopted by a 
 large majority of votes, in the fall of the same 
 
 year. The governor was also directed to foreclose 
 the deeds of trust given to secure interest on tlie 
 bonds loaned, and bid off and purchase the prop- 
 erty sold, m the name of the state. Tliis was 
 done, the following summer, and the state agaiu 
 secured the forfeited riglits, francliises and land 
 grants. 
 
 Tlie Federal census taken tliis year (1860), 
 sliowed that the state had a population of 172,- 
 123. The harvest was a good one, and business 
 was consideralily revived. Immigration was be- 
 ginning to become brisk, and building in tlie 
 towns and cities was perceptibly increasing, while 
 the tilled area was receiving great additions. 
 It seemed that the " liard times "' had al)out 
 ceased, and the hope of prosperous days was be- 
 ginning to enliven all. But this gleam of sun- 
 shine was of short duration. The memora- 
 ble presidential contest of tliat year, tlie first in 
 which Jlimiesota had a voice, was a period of un- 
 precedented heat and excitement. The electoral 
 vote of Minnesota was cast for Abraham Lincoln 
 by a very large majority, he receiving 22.000, 
 Douglas, 11,920, Breckenridge 748, and Bell 62. 
 It was not long before the disunion cloud arose 
 in the slave states, and the mutterings of rebell- 
 ion began to be heard. It M'as a period of doubt 
 and forebodings. The currency used generally in 
 the state, being largely based on the bonds of 
 seceding states, became greatly depreciated. All 
 classes suffered much loss, business became de- 
 pressed, real estate unsalable, and soon a condi- 
 tion of distress ensued, almost equal to the darli- 
 est days of the panic, three years before. 
 
 The legislature of 1861 considered the railroad 
 question at length, and passed acts designed to 
 facilitate the construction of the land grant roads 
 l)y turning over the forfeited franchises of the old 
 companies to new organizations, believed to be 
 able to complete tliem. Tlie Lake Superior and 
 Mississippi Railroad Company was also char- 
 tered. 
 
 The secession movement progressed steadily 
 during the winter, and it soon became apparent 
 to all tliat war was inevitable. Lincoln was in- 
 augurated, but his address promised only coer- 
 cion, and coercion war. The feeble and unreal 
 movements for compromise and conciliation all 
 failed. Meantime business in this state was daily 
 growing worse. Large numbers were out of em- 
 ployment, and anticipatmg still furtlier disaster.
 
 132 
 
 Ol'TLIXES OF THE HISTOIiY OF MIXXESOTA. 
 
 CHAPTER XXy. 
 
 SmrtTESOTA'S SHARE IN SI7PPRESSIXG THE REBELLION. 
 
 The War Actually Bep^in.— Exciteineut of the Period- — Minnesota Called on for 
 One Regiment. — Recruiting Vigorously Begun.— The First Regiment Mus- 
 tered in for Three Years. — It is Ordered to Washington. — \ Second Regiment 
 calledforand Recruited. — The Filst Engaged at Bull Run. — Contributions for 
 theRelief oftbe Sick and Wounded.— Progress of Railroad Building.— Third, 
 Fourth, and Fifth Regiments Called For.- Battle of Mill Springs.— Railroad 
 Legislation. — Battle of Pittsburg l.anding.— A Sixth Regiment Authorized. — 
 Curtency Troubles. — Expeditions to Idaho. — First Railroad Completed. — Gal- 
 lantry of Minnesota Troops in the South.— The Seven Days Fight.— HeaTJ 
 Levies of Men Called For.- The Seventh. Eighth, Ninth, and Tenth Regiments 
 Ordered. 
 
 Saturday, April 13, 1861, was a dark day in the 
 annals of our state. The telegraph brought the 
 unwelcome news of the attack on Fort Sumter, 
 and it was seen that war was inevitable. The 
 buUetui boards of the newspaper offices were sur- 
 rounded all day with an excited and anxious 
 crowd, but courage and determination were every- 
 where visible. The next day was the Sabbath, 
 bright and bahuy. The churches had but meagre 
 audiences that day. All day knots of angry 
 and excited men gathered on the streets, con- 
 versing on the startlmg events of the time. 
 
 On Monday, the proclamation of President 
 Lincoln was received, calling for 75.000 volun- 
 teers for three months" service, and assigning to 
 Minnesota one regiment. Gov. Ramsey, who was 
 in 'Washington, had already tendered to the Pres- 
 ident, in person, a like force, Lt. Gov. Donnelly 
 at once issued a proclamation calling on the citi- 
 zens of Minnesota to enlist, and Adjt. Gen. 
 Acker issued a general order giving the needed 
 mstructions. In all the principal towns and cities 
 of the state, public meetings were at once held, 
 and enlistment stations opened. A fervid pat- 
 riotism per\-aded all ranks. •• The war" was the 
 sole topic of conversation. Everything else, even 
 business, to a large extent, was suspended for the 
 time. Never, and in no other state, was a peo- 
 ple so imbued with warUke zeal. In four or five 
 days ten companies, in various localities, had 
 been raised and accepted by Adjt, General San- 
 bom (Gen, Acker having resigned to recruit a 
 company, ) Fort SnelUng having been designated 
 
 by the war department as a school of instruc- 
 tion, the companies were rendezvoused there, 
 and by the 25th were all in their quartei-s, and 
 busily engaged in drilling. The regimental offi- 
 cers were announced on the 29th, and on that day. 
 two weeks from the time when the president's 
 call was received, the •' Immortal First," over one 
 thousand strong, was mustered into service, for 
 three months, with Ex-Gov. Gorman as Colonel. 
 
 Scarcely was this accomplished, when the War 
 Department decided that it could only be received 
 as a three years regiment, and it became neces- 
 sary to at once renew the enlistments on that 
 basis. After a few days delay, enough recruits 
 were received, and mustered in, to fill a three 
 years regiment, and it was accepted on that 
 basis. The War Department, contrary to the 
 hopes of the men, at first ordered the companies 
 to garrison the various posts in and near the state, 
 relieving the regulars stationed there, and some 
 detachments had already left for their posts, 
 when the need of more troops for the Virginia 
 campaign became imminent, and the order was 
 countermanded and the First Regiment directed 
 to proceed at once to "Washington. The compa- 
 nies were quickly reassembled at Fort Snelling, 
 and. on June 22d, left that post by boat, arriving 
 in Washington on June 26th. In the various cities 
 through wluch the First passed, they were re- 
 ceived with patriotic demonstrations of respect, 
 and it was noticed by the press as a remarkable 
 fact that a young commonwealth, unknown and 
 almost without population a dozen years before, 
 could now send to the defense of the Union a reg- 
 iment of sucli stalwart and brave soldiers. 
 
 Meantime, the war spirit which had been 
 aroused in the State, was not content with send- 
 ing one regiment. There were numbers, in fact 
 several almost full companies, who had tried to 
 get admission into the First, but were too late, 
 and were anxious to go. Tins fact being made
 
 MINNESOTA'S SUABE IN SUPPBESSING THE BEBELLION. 
 
 133 
 
 known by Gov. Ramsey on May 3d, to the Secre- 
 tary of War, he at once authorized the raising of 
 a second regiment, and the recruiting for the 
 same was proceeded with, with alacrity. The 
 regiment was filled to the minimum, and mustered 
 in on June 2r)th, with the gallant Van Cleve as 
 Colonel, and rendezvoused at Fort Snelling, for 
 the time being, some of the companies, mean- 
 time, garrisoning tlie forts in and near Minnesota. 
 Tlie First Regiment on reaclung "Washington, 
 was, after a few days of camp life at Alexandria, 
 pushed to the front, and took an active part with 
 Heintzelman's Division, in McDowell's campaign 
 against Manassas, acquitting itself well. On 
 July 21st, scarcely more than three weeks 
 after its arrival in the field, it took part in the 
 memorable battle of Bull Run, in which disastrous 
 engagement it lost 174 men, of whom 44 were 
 killed, 107 wounded, and 23 taken prisoners. The 
 gallantry of the men, and their fine conduct in 
 the heat of battle, gainetl the regiment as well as 
 our State, great praise ; liut the sad news of the 
 loss it suffered, filled our citizens with gloom. 
 The magnitude and solemnity of the great strug- 
 gle in which the nation had engaged, began to be 
 realized, while the sympathy and benevolence of 
 the citizens of the State, especially the ladies, 
 was aroused by the wants of the wounded and 
 sick soldiers in the hospitals, and a general move- 
 ment made for such contributions of money and 
 clothing and delicacies suitable for invalids. 
 Nearly $2,000 in money alone, was promptly con- 
 tributed, and sent to the Chaplain of the First. 
 This was the commencement of a splendid stream 
 of gifts towards the same object, which continued 
 to flow during the whole four years of the war, 
 the Sanitary and Christian Commissions being 
 soon after organized as a means of collecting and 
 distributing relief. In no State, during the strug- 
 gle for the Union, was found a more patriotic, 
 liberal, actively generous people, than in JNIinne- 
 sota. 
 
 Not long after the battle of Bull Run, the First 
 Regiment went into camp between Poolesville 
 and Edwards Ferry, Maryland, for winter quar- 
 ters, remaining there several months. 
 
 While these events were occurring, the mate- 
 rial progress of our State was receiving an im- 
 pulse. Cajjitalists from Ohio were induced, under 
 the legislation of the last winter, to embark in the 
 
 completion of the " Minnesota and Pacific Rail- 
 road," from St. Paul to St. Anthony. This line 
 had been partially graded three years before, and 
 with little labor was made ready for the super- 
 structure. Ties and rails for several miles were 
 provided, and track-laying comm-nced. A loco- 
 motive and cars arrived, and the first wheel 
 turned by a locomotive ia this State, was on Sep- 
 tember 19th. At this juncture, unfortunately, a 
 disagreement sprang up between the contractors 
 and the officers of the road, and resulted in a sus- 
 pension of the work for several months. 
 
 Business remained very much depressed all the 
 season, a result, in part, of the miserable cur- 
 rency used in trade. 
 
 Recruiting for the second regiment did not 
 cease until September, by which time all the 
 companies were filled to the maximum, and the 
 battalion was ready for service on southern fields. 
 Meantime a company of Sharp-Shooters had been 
 recruited by Capt. Peteler, and having been ac- 
 cepted (Sept. 3d), left on Oct. 6th for Virginia, 
 where they were attached to Berdan's U. S. 
 sharp-shooters. 
 
 Congress, at its special session, commencing 
 July 4th, had authorized the raising of 500.000 
 troops. Under this call Minnesota was called on 
 for two more regiments, on Sept 17th. There 
 were already some partially completed companies, 
 and recruiting commenced vigorously in all parts 
 of the state. Up to this time all the troops re- 
 cruited had been for the infantry service, but in 
 order to give all who wished to enlist, their pref- 
 erence for the different arms of service, cavalry, 
 and artillery organizations were commenced. 
 Tliree companies of cavalry were authorized, and 
 began to receive recruits, wliile a battery of light 
 artillery was gotten under way. 
 
 On Oct. 3d, Capt. N. J. T. Dana, formerly of 
 the regular army, was commissioned as Colonel 
 of the First, vice Gorman, who had been pro- 
 moted to Brigadier General. 
 
 On Oct. 14, tlie Second Regiment left for Vir- 
 ginia, but at Pittsburgh was ordered to Louis- 
 ville, Ky., and soon after went into camp at Leb- 
 anon Junction, where they remained some 
 weeks, guarding l)ridges. On Oct. 2!»th, the Third 
 Regiment was announced as (uganized, and Hen- 
 ry C. Lester appointed Colonel. On Nov. 16th the 
 Third left for Kentucky, and were employed in
 
 134 
 
 OUTLINES OF THE HISTORY OF MINNESOTA. 
 
 the same service as the Second, near which they 
 were encamped for some weelis. The Fourth 
 Kegimeiit w;r.; Tilled nearly at the same time, and 
 Adjt. Gen. John B. Sanborn appointed Colonel. 
 It was retained in the state, doing garrison duty, 
 imtil spring. 
 
 On Oct. 19th the First Regiment participated in 
 the action at Edwards Ferry, suffering small 
 loss, Init making a noble record for gallantry. 
 
 The state election occurred on Oct. 9th. Parti- 
 san politics were not much noticeable in this con- 
 test. Alex. Kamsey was re-elected for governor, 
 by a vote of ltj.274 over E. O. Hamlin, who had 
 10,448. 
 
 The three cavalry companies, commanded re- 
 spectively by Capts. Yon ^Minden, Brackett, and 
 AVest, were ordered to Benton Barracks, Mo., iii 
 December, and inconiorated into an Iowa troop 
 called Curtis Horse, and subsequently Third Iowa 
 Cavalry. 
 
 The First Battery Light Artillery, Capt. Munch, 
 also left for St. Louis Dec. 1st, and was soon 
 after ordered to Pittsburgh Landing. During 
 this month a Fifth Eegiment was authorized, and 
 considerable progress made in filling it. 
 
 On January 19th, 1862, occurred the memora- 
 ble battle of Mill Springs, in which our Second 
 Regiment won a national reputation. Early on 
 that day, the enemy, under Gen. Zollicoffer, at- 
 tacked the union forces. Col. Yim Cleve says in 
 his official report: '• After proceeding about half 
 a mile, we came upon the enemy, who were posted 
 beliind a fence along the road, beyond wliich was 
 an open field, broken by ravines. The enemy, 
 opening upon us a galling fire, fought desperate- 
 ly, and a hand to hand light ensued which lasted 
 about thirty minutes. * * * The enemy gave 
 way, leavmg a large number of their dead and 
 wounded on the tield. * * * "\\'e joined in 
 the pursuit, which continued till near sunset, 
 Avhen we arrived within a mUe of their intreuch- 
 ments, where we rested upon our arms during 
 the night. * * * Six hundred of our regi- 
 ment were in the engagement, twelve of whom 
 were killed and thirty-three woimded." Gen. 
 Zollicoffer liimself was among the enemy slain. 
 Private George G. Strong, of Company D, is 
 thought to have killed Baillie Peyton, a promi- 
 nent rebel officer. 
 
 The news of the victory at JMill Springs, occur- 
 
 ing, as it did, during a period of depression, was 
 like a gleam of simshine, and our Second Regi- 
 ment won bright laurels for their gallantry. For 
 meritorious service in this engagement. Col. Van 
 Cleve was soon after promoted to Brigadier Gen- 
 eral. 
 
 On Feb. 24th Capt. Alfred Sully was commis- 
 sioned colonel of the First Regiment, vice 
 Dana, promoted to Brigadier General. 
 
 The legislature of 18(i2 had many important 
 questions under consideration, prominent among 
 which were those measiu-es providing for military 
 necessities, and putting the state on a '• war foot- 
 ing."' The work of releasing the laud grant rail- 
 roads from the entanglements residting from the 
 old flve-milhon loan, and bestowing tlie franchis- 
 es on real capitalists, who would undertake to 
 build in good faith, was another of the important 
 measures of the session. The latter work M-as 
 successfully accomplished la most cases. On the 
 line of the IMinnesota & Pacific, between St. Paul 
 and St. Anthony, work was recommenced and 
 pushed vigorously. 
 
 On April Gth the battle of Pittsburg Landing 
 occurred. The only Minnesota troops engaged 
 in this conllict was the First Battery, which was 
 in the heat of the action at several points. Sev- 
 eral cannoneers were wounded (Capt. Munch se- 
 verely) two killed, and also a numlier of horses. 
 The battery did spleiitlid service, and " mowed 
 the enemy down with cannister." Capt. (form- 
 erly adjutant general) Wm. 11. Acker, of the 
 Sixteenth Regidars, was killed during this en- 
 gagement. 
 
 On JNIarch 20th, the Fifth Regiment was de- 
 clared organized, and the field officers were com- 
 missioned. Rudolph Borgesrode was appointed 
 Colonel. The Second Sharpshooters, Captam 
 Russell, which had been recruited during the 
 whiter, soon after left for AVashington. arriving 
 there April 2Gth. On April 24th, tlie Fourth 
 Regiment, and Second Battery of Light Artilleiy, 
 Captain Ilotchkiss, left for Benton Barracks, and 
 were soon pushed to the front in Mississippi. On 
 May 13th, the Fifth Regiment also left for the 
 same destination, excepting companies B, C, and 
 1), who remained behind to garrison forts, and a 
 few weeks subsequently took a conspicuous part 
 in the Sioux war. 
 
 On May 2(jth, the call for a sixth regiment was
 
 MINNESOTA'S SHAIiJi IN tiUPPESSSINO THE REBELLION. 
 
 135 
 
 made, and recruiting was commenced very act- 
 ively, several skeleton companies, partially filled 
 for the Fifth Regiment, being already in the field. 
 
 Congress, at its extra session, commencing 
 July 4tli, 1861, had authorized the issue of " legal 
 tender" notes, which were l)y this date, in large 
 circulation. The result of this was to greatly 
 enliven business and enhance prices. While gov- 
 ernment was expending in our State but a small 
 fraction of the enormous sums it was paying out 
 in eastern States for materials of war, the results 
 were unmistakably felt here. One effect was the 
 gradual and almost complete witlidrawal of coin, 
 especially small coin, from circulation. This oc- 
 casioned great inconvenience in "making change," 
 and various devices were used to overcome the 
 trouble. Postage stamps came into general use for 
 fractional sums, and soon became a decided nui- 
 sance. Then many of the cities and towns, as well 
 as busuiess firms and banks, issued fractional 
 "shm-plasters" as currency. The country was 
 soon flooded with these, and it proved an intolera- 
 ble nuisance. The issue by the i'reasury Depart- 
 ment, soon after, of " postage currency," some- 
 what relieved the dearth of small change. A 
 steady enhancement in the price of goods, labor, 
 the cost of living, &c., commenced from tins date, 
 an inflation which lasted for two or three years. 
 
 The material development of the State pro- 
 gressed during this period, notwithstanding the 
 biudens and waste of war, and the fact that over 
 six thousand of our young men were withdrawn 
 from productive industry. An increased area 
 was sown. Immigration was becoming large, 
 especially of Scandinavians. Further efforts were 
 also made to open and extend our area of trade 
 towards the northwest. The reported discovery 
 of rich gold fields in the region now knovra as 
 Idaho and jSIontana, led to the formation of a 
 company of citizens to proceed thither overland. 
 On May 14th. the expedition left St. Paul, and 
 arrived safely at the digguigs. Congress had, 
 meantime, been appealed to for some protection 
 to this emigration movement, and a small appro- 
 priation was made for this purpose, and Captain 
 James L. Fisk appointed to organize and com- 
 mand any party that might wish to go over. An- 
 other expedition was organized and equipped, 
 leaving on June 16th, and made a successful 
 journey to the gold fields. These expeditions 
 
 did much towards preparing the way for the 
 opening and settlement of the Northwest, and 
 were repeated in 1863 and 1864. 
 
 Another important event was the completion of 
 the Minnesota and Pacific Railroad from St. 
 Paul to St. Anthony, which was opened for 
 traffic on June 28 — the first line operated in our 
 state. From tliat date on, railroad building was 
 rapidly carried on, on several of the lines. 
 
 'V\Tiilc thCEO cncor.raging events were in prog- 
 ress in our state, her brave troops, in Virginia and 
 Mississippi, v.'crc contending against great odds. 
 The Fourth and Fiftli Regiments and the Second 
 Battery, whose departure for "Dixie" was noted 
 a few hues back, had been pushed rapidly to the 
 front, and, being a part of the " Army of the Mis- 
 sissippi," were soon face to face with the enemy, 
 in the great Corinth campaign. On May 28th 
 the Fifth Regiment had a sharp action with the 
 enemy, in which several were killed, and a num- 
 ber wounded, and won much praise for gallantly. 
 On July 12th, near Murfreesboro, Tenn., the 
 Third Regiment was attacked by a greatly supe- 
 rior force, and after a brave resistance, losing 
 twelve men, its ammunition became exhausted, 
 and )'; was compelled to surrender. The men 
 were paroled a few weeks later. 
 
 Meantime the First Regiment liad taken an 
 active part in a campaign of great danger and 
 hardship. It had remained in its winter quar- 
 ters, near Edward's Ferry, until March, when 
 (attached to Sedgv.-ick's Division) it proceeded to 
 Winchester, from whence they were ordered to 
 join the Army of the Potomac near Fortress 
 Monroe. In April they took part in the siege of 
 Yorktown. From thence they participated iu 
 McClellan's great Richmond campaign, and the 
 " seven days fight." At Seven Pines, or Fair 
 Oaks, on May 31st and June 1st; at Peach Orch- 
 ard, June 29th; Savage's Station, June 29th; 
 Glendale and White Oak Swamp, June 30th; 
 Nelson's Farm, June 3()th; JIalvern Hills, July 
 1st, the brave First took an active part, and suf- 
 fered severe losses, with great hardship and con- 
 tinual fighting. In all these engagements, it lost 
 ninety men. At the Battle of Fair Oaks, the 
 Second Sharp-Shooters was united with the First 
 Regiment, and continued witli them duriug tlie 
 rest of the campaign. 
 
 The disastrous termination of the operations
 
 136 
 
 OUTLINES OF THE HISTOMY OF MINNESOTA. 
 
 by ilcClellan, and the heavy losses of the army, 
 produced a feeling of great discouragement and 
 doubt throughout the North. On July 2, the pres- 
 ident called for 300.000 more troops. Still this 
 heavy draft was met cheerfully, and in this State 
 vigorous steps were taken to fill our quota. On 
 July 24th. a rousing war meeting was held at the 
 Capital, which lighted anew the fires of ])atriot- 
 ism, roused the despondent, and infused new 
 hopes into all. llecruitiiig commenced vigor- 
 ously. But scarcely was the work under way, 
 when the call of August 4th. for 300.000 more 
 troops, was issued. It now became evident that 
 special exertions would be needed to fill our quo- 
 ta by the 18th. at which time the Secretary of 
 "War had ordere*l a draft to be made, if not filled. 
 Public meetings were held at various places, and 
 large sums of money were subscribed by individ- 
 uals, in addition to local bounties, to stimulate 
 enlistments. Great excitement prevailed through- 
 out the State for some days— fully equal to the 
 patriotic war spirit following the fall of Sumpter, 
 and business seemed to be almost suspended ; in i 
 
 fact, in many instances, actually was. as the en- 
 tire employees of many establishments enlisted. 
 To some extent, martial law was enforced in the 
 State. The Adjutant General, in a published 
 proclamation, forbade citizens (males of military 
 age) from leaving the State without a pass from 
 him, nor were they allowed to go from one county 
 to another without a permit from the Sheriff. 
 Tlie Sixth Regiment, which was partially filled 
 when the call of July 2d was issued, was quickly 
 filled and organized. A seventh regiment was 
 authorized on August 5tli. On August 10th the 
 eighth was called for ; on August 13th, the ninth; 
 and soon after even a tenth. Recruiting for the 
 old regiments was also brisk. Four companies 
 were received at Fort Snelling in one day. The 
 Press of August 19th, says : " On Simday and 
 yesterday, large bodies of men were continually 
 pourmg in." Over three thousand men were 
 then at the fort. The work of receiving, muster- 
 ing in, clothing and equipping these troops, laid 
 on the authorities a heavy task.
 
 THE SIOUX MASSACRE. 
 
 137 
 
 CHAPTER XXVI. 
 
 THK SIOUX MASSACKE. 
 
 The Sioux Massacre —The Events Which Probahly led to It.— Discontent of tile 
 Indians.— The Murders at Acton.— Cominenceinent of the Carnage at Red 
 Wood.— Awful Scenes.— Narrow Escape of Whites.— The Battle of Red Wood 
 Ferry.— Fiendish Cruelties of the Sava(:es. — Panic and Flight of the Settlers. — 
 Condition of Affairs at Fort Ridgely.— The Alarm Reaches St. Peter.— Rein- 
 forcements Set Out from There.— Th? first Attack on New Ulni.— The Savages 
 Repulsed.— They Besiege Fort Ridgely— But Fail to Capture It— And Again 
 Fall on New Ulni.— Desperate Fighting.— The Town Nearly Burned Down — 
 The Savages Withdraw. Unsuccessful.- The Town Evacuated.— End of the tirst 
 "Week of Blood."— Its Results to the State. 
 
 While these exciting events were occnrring, 
 and attracting the attention of our citizens, a 
 fearful storm was gathering in an unexpected 
 quarter, and soon burst upon our state with ap- 
 palling fury. The Sioux Indians, of wliom sev- 
 eral thousand were living on reservations in tlie 
 western portions of Minnesota, had been for sev- 
 eral weeks (i. e. since about June 14th) collected 
 at the Yellow Medicine agency, to receive their 
 annual payment. This would have been made 
 to them by the proper otticer, at that time and 
 place, promptly, had not the necessities of the 
 government just at that juncture, prevented tlie 
 prompt transmission of the STO.ddO in gold coin, 
 which was to pay the Indians their annuities. 
 As soon as it could be got ready, it was sent, and 
 hurried forward by special messengers, night and 
 day. arriving just one day too late. Meantime 
 the Indians were waiting impatiently for their 
 money, and for the provisions and other supplies 
 which were to be given them when the payment 
 was made. They were almost destitute of food, 
 and some were really suffering from hunger. In 
 this discontented condition, they were ready to 
 listen to bad counsel. Malicious parties had whis- 
 pered to them that the war liad destr()>ed most 
 of the young men of the whites; that only old 
 men and l>oys were left; and if so disimsed they 
 could repossess themselves of the laiul; that they 
 were to be cheated out of their money by the 
 traders, whom they had before accused of de- 
 frauding them; and other wrongs, real or fan- 
 cied, were recited to inllame them. As was 
 usual, a small detachment of troops had been 
 
 sent to the agency when the Indians first assem- 
 bled, to preserve order. This consisted of hfty 
 men from Fort Ridgely, under t'apt. Jno. S. 
 Marsh, and fifty from Fort Ripley, commanded 
 by Lieut. T. J. Sheehan. Yet, notwithstanduig 
 the presence of these soldiers, guarding the ware- 
 houses, on Aug. 4th, several hundred Indians 
 attacked and broke into one of the buildings, 
 and took about one hundred sacks of flour before 
 they could be stopped. The missionaries, with 
 Major Galbraith, the agent, at length quieted 
 this outbreak. The agent issued some ammuni- 
 tion and goods to them, and persuaded them to 
 disperse, and he ^^•ould send them word when 
 the money was ready for tliem. To this they 
 appeared to agree, and apparently left the agency 
 and went to their hunting-groimds. It was now 
 supposed that the trouble was over, and the 
 troops were allowed, on Aug. 16th, to depart for 
 their posts. But it was only the calm before the 
 storm. All this time bad blood was brewing, 
 and the storm gathering, unnoticed, or at least 
 unheeded by the whites. Only a spark was 
 needed to explode this magazine of savage fury, 
 and that, at length came. There is good evi- 
 dence to believe that during this interval the In- 
 dians were holding councils and " soldier's lodg- 
 es, ■' and had concluded that as the forts were 
 manned by but a handful of soldiers, it would be 
 a good time to rise and sweep away the white 
 race from their old hunting-grounds. 
 
 On Sunday. Aug. 17. a jiarty of four Indians, be- 
 longing to a band noted for insubordination, were 
 in the neighborhood of Acton, Meeker County, 
 where they had been for several days himting. 
 They were angry and (luarrelsome. They came 
 to the house of a Mr. Howard Baker, where they 
 found him and his wife, and a ^Ir. AVebster and 
 wife. Mr. Robinson Jones and wife and a Miss 
 "Wilson, neighbors, came in soon after. The In- 
 dians had jireviously had a quarrel with Jones,
 
 138 
 
 OUTLINES OF THE HISTOBY OF MINNESOTA. 
 
 which was now renewed. They then proposed 
 shooting at a mark with Baker and Jones, whicli 
 was done. After diseliarging their guns, the 
 Indians at once reloaded, and commenced firing 
 on the whites. Jones and liis wife, and Baker 
 and AVebster were Idlled, and Miss WUson, Mrs. 
 Bal<er and cliild, and ISIr.'i. "Webster, were un- 
 hurt. Tlie four Indian murderers then stole 
 liorses in the neighborhood, and rode rapidly, 
 during the night, to the Indian village near the 
 agency, wliere they told what they had done, and 
 urged that, as blood had been spilt, and they 
 would suffer the penalt>-, they must all unite 
 and exterminate the whites. The other Indians 
 then armed themselves, and at sunrise, Aug. 18, 
 the work of the death commenced, at the Lower 
 Sioux Agency, near Red Wood. It is strongly 
 asserted by other writers, who give good reasons 
 for the beUef , that the Indians collected at the 
 Agency had all ready demanded on the massacre, 
 and commenced it on the 18th. without knowing 
 of the events at Acton. 
 
 The first victim to this hellisli plot was James 
 W. Lynde, a clerk in the trading house of Xathan 
 Myrick. He was a man of fine attainments, and 
 had written a work on the History and Religion 
 of the Dakotas, which was just ready for publi- 
 cation. Three other persons were killed at the 
 same store. At Forbes' trading liouse. near by, 
 George II. Spencer, the clerk, was badly wounded, 
 when his life was saved by the interposition of a 
 friendly Indian, named Chaska. who protected 
 him mitil he recovered. Other wiiite persons in 
 and near the Imuses at the agency, were either 
 killed or wounded, within a few minutes. At 
 this point the Indians ceased their carnage, in 
 order to plunder the stores and government ware- 
 houses, and this delay enabled Rev. S. D. Hin- 
 man and some other whites, to escape to Fort 
 Ridgely, spreading the alarm as they went. 
 
 After a brief time spent by the savages in rob- 
 bing the stores, they continued their w.>rk of car- 
 nage ui every direction. They were soon joined 
 by the warriors of the other bands, and, to the 
 number of two or three hundred, spread through 
 the settlements for several miles up and down 
 the river, murdering all the whites whom they 
 coidd find, excepting a few young womem, whom 
 they took captive, and m many instances burnmg 
 the houses of the settlers. 
 
 Meantime, the wliites at the upper, or Yellow 
 ^letUcine Agency, some thirty miles distant, were 
 in ignorance of these dreadful scenes, and of the 
 danger which threatened them. It was not until 
 nearly night when John Other-Day, a Christian 
 Indian, brought them the dreadful news, and 
 warned them to save their lives. The whites, 
 sixty-two in niunlier, at once took refuge in a 
 warehouse; but llight seemed the only safe 
 course, and before daylight the next morning, 
 the\' were on their way across the prairies to- 
 wards Ilendei-son, the men on foot, and the wo- 
 men and children, with S. B. Garvie, who had 
 escaped from his warehoiise. after being badly 
 wounded, in wagons. The noble Other-Day 
 piloted them tndy and skillfully. This party, 
 after great hardships, arrived safely at the settle- 
 ments on the Miiniesota river, and thence to St. 
 Paul, though Mr. Garvie died on the way. The 
 two missionaries, Messrs. Williamson and Riggs, 
 also escajied, with their families, after suffering 
 much hardship. 
 
 On Monday morumg, August 18th, about three 
 hours after the first outbreak at Red Wood 
 agency, a messenger from that place arrived at 
 Fort Ridgely, twelve miles disbvnt, with the 
 startling news. Captain Marsh. Company B, 
 Fifth Regiment, then in command, at once dis- 
 patched a courier to Lieutenant Sheehan. Com- 
 pany C. Fifth Regiment, who, with his detach- 
 ment, had left the post the morning previous on 
 his return to Fort Ripley, and also to Major Gal- 
 braith, who had left at the same time for St. 
 Peter, with about fifty recruits, called the "Ren- 
 ville Rangers." en-route for Fort Snelling. urging 
 them to retvirn at once. Captain Marsh at one.' 
 left for the scene of carnage, with fortj'-four men 
 on foot. After a forced march, he arrived about 
 2 o'clock P. jr. at the ferry opposite the Agency, 
 near which place they found nine dead bodies. 
 They were met here by Rev. Mr. Hinman, on his 
 way to the fort, who cautioned Capt. Marsh against 
 an ambuscade, and warned him to retuni, as tlie 
 Indians greatly outnumbered his force. Captain 
 ^larsli, who was a very brave but very rash man, 
 would not listen to the advice, declaring that he 
 could '-whip all the Indians," or something to 
 that effect. Arriving at the ferry, his men were 
 drawn up on the bank, in plain sight, when three 
 or four huutlred Indians concealed in the thickets
 
 THE SIOUX MASSACRE. 
 
 139 
 
 near by, poiired a volley into them. Nearly half 
 of his men fell dead or mortally wounded at the 
 first fire, some of them pierced with twenty bid- 
 lets, while several others were woimded, but 
 managed ultimately to escape ; some (jf them not 
 reaching the fort for three days. The survivors 
 of tills sudden attack (Captain Marsh being himself 
 uninjured) fell back from tlie ferry towards the 
 fort, keeping up a running fight amidst the thick 
 timber on the river bottom, but against terrible 
 odds. 
 
 Rushing up to the fallen soldiers, the savages 
 tomahawked those still living, and tore the scalps 
 from most of them, inflicting also nameless bru- 
 talities on their corpses. All the fine Springfield 
 muskets carried by the dead, and their ammuni- 
 tion, fell into the hands of the redskins, and were 
 subsequently used by them, with deadly effect, at 
 the sieges of FortBidgely and New Ulm, and tlie 
 battle of Birch Coolie. The remams of the fallen 
 heroes were ultimately interred at Fort Ridgely, 
 and the legislature, some years subsequently, 
 caused a fine monument to be erected there in 
 honor of their bravery. 
 
 For some time a hot battle raged in the forest, 
 Capt. Marsh and his men retreating towards the 
 fort, contesting the ground, inch by inch. Find- 
 ing that his men were falling fast, and that the 
 enemy was gathering in force ahead of him, so as 
 to cut him off, he determined to cross the river, 
 so as to gain the open prairie on that side, and 
 reach the fort, if possible. lie had now but thir- 
 teen men left. At their head he attempted to 
 ■yvade the river, but was drowned while so doing. 
 His men got over in safety, and made their way 
 to the fort about dark. Out of the forty-four 
 who had left it that morning, twenty-four were 
 dead. Thus ended the Battle of Redwood Ferry, 
 the first engagement of the war. Tlie Indians, it 
 is thought, lost only one or two warriors. 
 
 Flushed ^\ith this easy victory in their first 
 encounter with our troops, the Indians now con- 
 sidered that the way was clear for their bloody 
 war of extermination. They scattered iii every 
 direction, carrying death and torture to the homes 
 of all the settlers within reach. For several days 
 the work of carnage was a^^•ful. No pen can 
 describe the horrors of that bloody week. So 
 sudden and unexpected was the outbreak, and so 
 insidious and skulking the mode of warfare of 
 
 the savages, that the inliabitants were overtaken at 
 their various pursuits and butchered in cold blood, 
 without any chance of flight or resistance. Most 
 of them were European immigrants who had re- 
 cently settled on the frontier, and were quite un- 
 acquainted with savage warfare and treachery. 
 But few of them possessed effective fire-arms, or 
 weapons of any kind, uideed, and even if they 
 had these, so sudden and stealthy was the onset, 
 that resistance would have been unavailing. The 
 savages generally went about on these raids in 
 squads of eight or ten, well armed. In many 
 instances the treacherous devils would advance 
 boldly and with friendly demeanor into houses 
 with whose owners they were acquamted, as if 
 to ask for food, (as was their custom, for the set- 
 tlers had always freely supplied them) ; when all 
 at once they would shoot down or tomahawk 
 the imsuspecthig inmates, perhaps the very per- 
 sons who had many limes fed them when hun- 
 gry. In a few instances children, and sometimes 
 adults, fled unobserved while this work of death 
 was going on, and escaped a like fate by skulking 
 in the grass or bushes, from whence they were 
 often compelled to witness the cruel tortures 
 practiced on the other members of their family, 
 or flee for life with the death shrieks of the suffer- 
 ing victims ringing in their ears. Some of those 
 who escaped thus, w^ere rescued many days sub- 
 sequently, after enduring incredible hardships, 
 skulking by day around deserted houses, endeav- 
 oring to find food, and wandering by night 
 tlirough the trackless waste, towards the settle- 
 ments. Delicate women, carrying or leading ui- 
 fant children, thus traveled scores of miles to 
 some place of safety, sometimes wounded and 
 sick and almost naked. Many perished from 
 hunger, exposure or wounds. Others lived, to 
 suffer for years from their injuries, There 
 were literally hundreds of such incidents as the 
 above, and a full narrative of these adventures 
 and escapes woidd fill volumes. No record can 
 ever be made of them, and the fate of many will 
 never be known until the last day. 
 
 The cruel barbarities practiced by the savages 
 on their victims, was another sickening feature 
 of the massacre, and its bare recital makes one 
 shudder. All the fiendish cruelties that their 
 savage nature and pent up hatred of the pale 
 faces could suggest, they wreaked on their vie-
 
 140 
 
 OUTLINES OF THE HISTOBY OF MINNESOTA. 
 
 tims, a people who had always been their friends 
 and benefactors. The wounded and dying were 
 scalped or tomakawked out of all semblance of 
 Inimanity. The bowels of many were gashed 
 open, and their hands and feet, or other members, 
 cut off and thrust into them. Children were 
 slashed with knives, eyes gouged out, ears or 
 hands cut olf , or skulls smashed with war clubs. 
 Some of these survived even such awful wounds. 
 Babes were thrust living into stove ovens, and 
 there left, to roast to death. Pregnant women 
 were ripped open, and their nnl)om babes torn 
 away, and thrown into their face, or nailed to a 
 door or tree, for their dying gaze to witness. But 
 few women, comparatively, were killed outright. 
 Instant death would have been a more merciful 
 fate than they were resers'ed for. Frequently 
 delicate young maidens were tied, or held by the 
 fiends, and repeatedly outraged by the band of 
 captors, some actually dying in the hands of their 
 tormentors* or if they survived, led into a cap- 
 tivity of horrors. But let us draw a veil over 
 these atrocities. 
 
 After the murder of the inmates of a house, 
 pillage was the next step, and the torch was then 
 generally applied to it, oftentimes the wounded 
 victims, unable to escape, being burned to death. 
 Day after day the columns of smoke rising here 
 and there showed where the various bands of de- 
 mons were plying their work of destruction, while 
 night after night the sky along the frontier was 
 lurid with the light of burning homes. Two or 
 three thousand dwellings were thus destroyed, in 
 addition to three entire to^^iis. Cattle were shot 
 from mere wantonness, and others left to starve, 
 with no one to attend them, Horses were saved 
 for the use of the marauders, hundreds of them 
 being stolen, and in many instances the savages 
 were observed riding to and fro in fine buggies 
 and carriages. 
 
 As the houses of the settlers were generally 
 isolated from each other, the news of the out- 
 break could not reach the more remote and scat- 
 tered, in season to save them. Along the main 
 roads leading to the settlements, the alarm was 
 spread by fugitives, after atlay or two, and this 
 fact enaliled thousands to save their lives who 
 would otherwise have fallen. Abandoning houses, 
 crops, cattle— everything, hastily seizing some 
 
 food and clothing, and harnessing their teams, 
 they fled towards New Ulm, Fort Ridgely, St. 
 Pet«r, Mankato, Henderson, and other towns 
 along the river. Some even pressed on to St. 
 Paul. Soon the roads were literally crowded 
 with a panic-stricken cavalcade, on foot, on 
 horseback, in all sorts of vehicles, hurrying along 
 with blanched faces and nervous trepidation. 
 Many were pursued and shot at (some killed, 
 even) while flying, and all had horrid stories to 
 relate. Lieut. Gov. Doimelly, on Aug. 26, wrote 
 from St. Peter: " You can hardly conceive the 
 panic existing along the valley. In Belle Plaine 
 I found 600 people crowded in. In this place 
 there are between 3.000 and 4,000 refugees. On 
 the road between Xew Ulm and ilankato were 
 over 2,000. Mankato is also crowded. * * * 
 Their property in the mean time abandoned and 
 going to ruin." The condition of these throngs 
 of fugitives, crowded into the small towns, was 
 pitiable. 
 
 The handful of men who survived the massa- 
 cre at Eedowod Ferry, and made tlieir way back 
 to Fort Kidgely, found that post already crowded 
 with panic-stricken fugitives from the sirr- 
 rounding country. All night these poor settlers 
 arrived from every direction, many of them 
 wounded, having left portions of their families 
 murdered, and their homes in flames. In every 
 direction, all night long, the sky was reddened 
 with the light of burning houses. It was a night 
 of terror and despondency. About ten o'clock 
 on Tuesday morning, the inmates were gladdened 
 with the return of Lieutenant Sheehan and his 
 command, who, on being overtaken the evening 
 liefore by the messenger sent out to recall them, 
 had made a forced march of sixteen hours. 
 Lieutenant Sheehan at once took command of 
 the post, and in connection with Sergeant John 
 Jones, of the regular army, post ordinance ser- 
 geant, took effective measures to put the fort in 
 a defensible condition. All the civilians who 
 were fit for duty, were armed, or put on guard, 
 and even the women were employed making cart- 
 ridges, running bullets, &c. No attack was made 
 that day, however, although Indians were seen 
 watching the fort. [The warriors were busy at- 
 tacking New T'lm, as will be seen a little farther 
 on.] About noon on Monday, the messengers and 
 guard in charge of the $70,000 in gold, reached
 
 THE SIOUX MASSACRE. 
 
 141 
 
 Fort Eidgely, and remained there during the 
 siege. 
 
 Let us now follow Mr. J. C. Dickinson, of 
 Lower Agency, the messenger sent from Red- 
 wood to recall Maj. Galbraith from St. Peter. 
 Maj. G., so well satisfied was he with the loyal 
 promises of the Indians, had left the agency 
 with some volunteers for Fort Snelling. His 
 family were at Yellow Jledicme, and escaped 
 from that place. He, with the " Renville Ran- 
 gers,'" Lieut. O'Gorman, had arrived at St. Peter 
 Monday evening, when ^h: Dickinson reached 
 there, with the startling news. It was at first 
 discredited, but he at once made preparations to 
 return, with the Rangers, and a company of vol- 
 imteer citizens. He immediately dispatched "Wm. 
 H. Shelley, of St. Paul, who was with him, with 
 a message to Gov. Ramsey, asking military aid. 
 Shelley rode at full speed all night, and reached 
 St, Paul, nearly one hundred miles distant, at 10 
 o'clock p. M. Tuesday, spreading the news as he 
 passed dowli the valley. Gov. Ramsey at once 
 took steps to send troops to the scene of blood. 
 But of this anon. 
 
 Monday night was spent by the soldiers and 
 citizens at St. Peter in organizing companies, 
 searching for arms, making cartridges, etc. Early 
 on Tuesday morning, the bells were rung and the 
 inhabitants called together. Great excitement 
 prevailed, but a company was at once organized. 
 Hon. Chas. E. Eliindrau, associate justice of the 
 Supreme Court, was elected captain, and "\V. B. 
 Dodd, first lieutenant. Teams, wagons, camp 
 equipage, etc., were hastily collected. 
 
 JSIajor (ialbraith, with the Renville Rangers, 
 and others who accompanied them, armed as 
 well as could be possible, left St. Peter at 6 A- m., 
 and after a hard march, reached Fort Ridgely 
 (Forty-five miles distant) the same eveiung. Just 
 as they arrived at the fort, a furious thunder- 
 gust came up. In the darkness and rain they 
 got into the fort safely, although hundreds of 
 Indians were watching it, and must have seen 
 them but for the storm. There were now 2-50 
 fencible men in the fort, and the crowd of fu- 
 gitives hourly increasing. These were cared for 
 as well as possible, the hospital being- full of 
 wounded. 
 
 Meantime a company of sixteen horsemen left 
 St. Peter (Tuesday) for the aid of New Ulm, 
 
 which was reported by fugitives to he in great 
 danger. At one o'clock the same day, Hon. Chas. 
 E. Flandrau left for the same place with 100 
 well armed men, on foot. Let us uow give some 
 accoimt of the 
 
 SIEGE OF NEW ULM. 
 
 This town was on the south bank of the ilinne- 
 sota River, thirty miles, by land, from St. Peter, 
 and eighteen miles below Fort Ridgely. It con- 
 tained about ]..")00 mhabitants, mostly Germans. 
 On Monday mornhig, Aug. ISth, a party of citizens 
 left New Ulm to recruit for volunteers. When 
 some seven or eight miles west of new Ulm, they 
 found several dead bodies lying in the road. Con- 
 vinced that the Indians had risen, they retraced 
 then- steps, but on their way back were fired on, 
 and several of the party killed. The rest fled to 
 town and gave the alarm. At the same time, 
 fugitives came in from other directions, near the 
 town, all telling horrid tales of butchery. This 
 created a great panic in the town, and many fled 
 to St. Peter. All that day and night, and next 
 day, fugitives contuiued pouring into the place. 
 The leadmg men of the town at once took steps 
 to organize for defence. Arms were collected, 
 barricades erected, sentinels posted, and every- 
 thmg done which could be, to repel an attack. 
 These precautions were taken none too soon. 
 About four o'clock on Tuesday, a party of mount- 
 ed Indians appeared on the prairie above the 
 town, and dismounting, advanced on the place. 
 The few men who had arms, at once attacked 
 them, but most of the people gathered into the 
 houses in the center of the toiMi, panic stricken. 
 Fortunately, soon after the attack commenced, 
 the fifteen horsemen from St. Peter arrived, and 
 at once began a vigorous defence. The savages 
 burned several buildings on the west edge of th 
 town, and kept up a hot fire on the people with- 
 in the barricade. The St. Peter cavalry soon 
 made such a brave advance on the Indians, that 
 they were compelled to retire, about dark, sev- 
 eral having been killed. During the engagement, 
 the whites lost several, killed and wounded, also. 
 About nine o'clock, in the midst of a furious 
 thunder-storm. Judge Flandrau, with over one 
 hundred men, reached the town, and were 
 warmly welcomed. Vigorous efforts to organize 
 for defence were at once made. Judge Flau-
 
 Ii2 
 
 Ol'TLIXES OF THE IIJsTOEY OF MISXESOTA. 
 
 drau was r-lioseii commauder-in-cliief . Capt. Dodd. 
 provost niarslial. i^c. Small leiuforcements con- 
 tinued to ani\e from ^lankato and other points, 
 and liy Tlmisday. 325 armed men were gnarding 
 the town. Wednesday passed without any 
 alarms, and scouting parties were sent out in va- 
 rious directions to bury the dead, of which a 
 number were foiuid. Let us now glance at the 
 condition of things 
 
 AT FOKT KIDGEI,T. 
 
 About three o'clock on AVednesday, the 20th, 
 the first attack was made on this post, probably 
 by the sjime force who had been at New Ulm the 
 evening previous. It is thought five himdred 
 Indians were engaged ui it. CouceaUug them- 
 selves in the wooded ravines near the post, the 
 savages suddenly advanced on it with horrid yells 
 and a volley of balls. The suddenness of the on- 
 set almost threw the garrison off their guard, and 
 two of the soldiers were killed at the first fire. 
 The men speedily rallied, however, and fought 
 bravely. Sergeant Jones \\as cpiickly at his gims, 
 two (i-poimdere and one 24-pounder, but on at- 
 tempting to fire, they wotdd not go off. On 
 drawing the charges, he found them stuffed with 
 rags! Some treacherous half-breeds had done 
 this dastardly act, and then deserted to the 
 enemy. Assisted by a citizen, J. C. AVhipple, 
 who had served in the Mexican war, and Sergt. 
 McGrew. of Company t". he soon poured several 
 romids of cannister and shell into the thickets, 
 amongst the foe, killing and wounding a number. 
 The savages then succeeded in crawling up be- 
 hmd some old outbialdings and hay-stacks, from 
 which they poured fixrious voUeys into the fort. 
 Sergt. Jones soon set these on fire with shells, 
 and drove the savages off. At dusk the light of 
 this fire, and the noise of the artillery, impressed 
 the people at New Ulm and other places in the 
 vicinity with the belief that the fort had fallen. 
 But when night closed down, the savages with- 
 drew. The garrison remained on arms aU night. 
 One great danger was the dryness of the roofs' 
 V Inch could have been ignited with '• fire-ar- 
 rows."" A close watch was kept, and Providence 
 favored the beleagured force, for late at night a 
 heavy rain-storm commenced falling, and contin- 
 ued imtil next day. entirely averting this danger. 
 The large stables of the fort, about thirty rods 
 
 tlistant. were perfectly filled with government 
 mules, and horses brought in by the fugitives. 
 These the Indians succeeded in getting out and 
 stampeding. 
 
 The ne.xt morning (Thui-sday) the attack was 
 renewed aVwut 9 o'clock, and lasted hotly for an 
 hour, when the savages retreated, but again at- 
 tacked the fort about 6 p. ai.. when another en- 
 gagement took place, and lasted about an hour. 
 But their efforts to capture the fort were useless. 
 They found it too well defended. It could have 
 been taken liy charging into it. but this Indians 
 are afraid to do. ileantime the garrLson was be- 
 coniuig worn out with loss of sleep atid continual 
 labor and fightuig. Xearly five hundred refugees 
 were crowded into its small buildings, where 
 they were compelled to he on the floor to avoid 
 the bullets of the foe, which swept Uke a hail- 
 storm through the windows. To add to the trou- 
 ble, many were becoming sick, and the stores 
 both of ammunition and provisions, and even 
 water, were rimnuig low. 
 
 That night, as subsequent evidence revealed. 
 Little Crow and his forces returned to the Lower 
 Agency, where he found the upper Indians, whom 
 he had sent for. arrived. This increased his 
 force to 4.j0 warriors. Large numbers were also 
 marauding among the settlements, as far east as 
 Forest City and as far south as Lake Shetek. 
 Confident that with this large force he could take 
 both Fort Eidgely and Xew Uhn, he now moved 
 on tlie former post. 
 
 During the night, however, the garrison had 
 strengthened its weak pomts with great skill and 
 success. Earthworks had l)eeu thro^\Ti up. bar- 
 ricades erected, out of cordwood, sacks of grain, 
 etc.. and other defenses pro^^ded. while the can- 
 non were statitmed so as to conmiand the most 
 exposed points, and the riflemen posted where 
 they could do the greatest execution. About 
 noon the Indians appeared m greater numbers 
 than on either previous attack, and commenced 
 an assault so determined and furious, it seemed 
 as if they were confident that this time the post 
 must fall. But as they advanced, yelling like de- 
 mons, the gumiers sent a storm of grape and can- 
 nister amongst them, while the riflemen poured 
 volley after volley into them, and the savages re- 
 treated from this hot f;re. They .soon rallied and 
 took possession of the stables and otlif r outbuild-
 
 THE SIOUX MASSACRE. 
 
 143 
 
 ings near the fort, and kept up a terrible fire from 
 tliem. A perfect storm of balls poured into the 
 frame buildings in the fort, sometimes passing 
 clear through them. Several soldiers were hit, 
 and some civilians (one being killed), though all 
 the non-combatants kept well concealed. E inally 
 Sergt. Jones was compelled to fire the outbuild- 
 ings with shells, and drive the savages out. 
 Soon the flames and black smoke rolled up, and, 
 with the yells of the Indians, the rattle of small 
 arms, and the thunder of the cannon, made an 
 exciting scene. For five hours the battle raged 
 hotly. Little Crow was heard repeatedly order- 
 ing his warriors to charge into the fort, and sev- 
 eral times they gathered for that purpose and 
 started, but Sergt. -Jones would send a storm of 
 shell or camiister among them, and drive them 
 back. It is thought numbers of them were Mlled 
 in this attack. 
 
 About dark their lire ceased, and the night was 
 passed in quiet, but there were few slept around 
 the post except the non-combatants. All the men 
 were under arms all night, being five nights of 
 weary vigil and sleeplessness. The garrison were 
 well nigh worn out, and expected another day of 
 iiard fighting. The sun rose, but no signs of In- 
 dians. Work was contmued on the fortifications, 
 which were greatly strengthened. While thus 
 engaged, a large body of mounted Indians (said 
 by Louis Robert, who counted them, to number 
 nearly 1,000) were seen coming down from the 
 Lower Agency on the opposite side of the river. 
 Tliey did not, however, cross to the Fort Ridgely 
 side, but kept on towards New Ulm. It now 
 became evident that the latter place was their 
 objective point, and the garrison breathed freer. 
 Still, they knew not what a day might bring 
 forth, and kept up their working and watching. 
 Let us now return to 
 
 NEW ULM, 
 
 and see how that beleagured town fared. After 
 the battle of Tuesday, befoie described, no at^ 
 tack had been made on the town, though small 
 parties of Indians, doubtless scouts, were once 
 or twice seen near the place. This interval of 
 quiet was spent in erecting barricades, and other 
 works of defence, and in taking such steps as 
 seemed necessary, in case of another attack. 
 About ten o'clock A. Ji. on Saturday, the 23d, 
 
 the Indians (movuited) appeared in great force on 
 the prairie above town, and our forces were at 
 once posted on the open ground in tliat direction. 
 The Indians first approached slowly, but when 
 about a mile from our line, increased their speed, 
 and gradually sprea<l out their front, like a tan, 
 until it covered our whole line. On they came at 
 full speed, yelling like demons. When about 
 double rifle-shot oif, Col. Flandrau's men, uiex- 
 perienced in such warfare, fell back on the town, 
 the Indians firing on them. The whites com- 
 mitted the error of passmg the outermost build- 
 ings, and not occup\ ing them, an error the sav- 
 ages soon took advantage of, as they at once took 
 possession of them, and opened a furious fire on 
 our men. By the exertions of Col. Flandrau, 
 the latter soon rallied, and commenced a vigorous 
 fire from every protected spot, each doing duty 
 as best he could, '-on his own hook." They soon 
 recovered their coolness, and fought bravely. 
 Tiie enemy, from their great niunbers, were able 
 to surround the town, and soon poured into it a 
 fire from every direction. The battle became fu- 
 rious and general. 
 
 The Indians also succeeded in getting possess- 
 ion of the houses on the bluff, which gave them a 
 great advantage, commanding, as it did, the inte- 
 rior of the town below, but ab( lut twenty men of the 
 Le Sueur company had occupied the windmill, a 
 high building in that loealily, and kept up such a 
 hot fire, the Indians could do but little e.xeoition on 
 that side. They took possession of the lower end 
 of the city, however, and, the wind beuig from 
 that direction, fired the houses one by one, ad- 
 vancing thus towards the center of the city, con- 
 cealing themselves behind the smoke. The 
 greatest danger seemed now to be from this di- 
 rection, and a strong force of the best marksmen 
 was sent to resist the advance. They fought 
 bravely, and checked the enemy considerably. 
 The battle here was very hot for several hours. 
 About three o'clock the enemy concentrated a 
 force on the river side, as if preparing for a gi"and 
 assault. A detachment was sent to meet it. The 
 Indians came on at full speed, but our men stood 
 firm, and sent such volleys among them, that they 
 broke and retreated, losing several. Two of our 
 best marksmen, however, fell at the same time. 
 
 The battle raged furiously and without mter- 
 missiou untU dark. Many of our men were
 
 144 
 
 OUTLIXES OF THE HISTORY OF MIXSESOTA. 
 
 wounded, several killed. All Lad fought nobly, 
 some performing feats of great daring. The en- 
 emy had left ten dead on the field, besides many 
 killed and wounded carried off, and had gained, 
 so far, no great advantage; but if the attack con- 
 tinued much longer, the worst result was feared. 
 Xight closed on the weary defenders, full of 
 doubt and anxiety. 
 
 A consultation was now held among the leading 
 men and those in command, as to the •■ situation." 
 One thing that seemed necessary, was to contract 
 the lines of defence toward the center of the to-mi 
 so that a less number could more readily defend 
 any point. To do this it was voted that all build- 
 ings, except a few in the center of the town, must 
 be burned. To this the inhabitants consented, 
 and themselves applied the torch to about forty 
 buildings. One brick house was left, and loop- 
 holed for defence. Including those burned by the 
 savages. 190 houses in all were now in aslies. 
 Only about twenty-five were still standing. A 
 range of rifle-pits were now dug- in front of the 
 barricade, and all the defences strengthened. 
 
 AVlien morning da\^-ned (Sunday. August :24th), 
 the savages feebly renewed their attack, but they 
 soon saw they were foiled. In order to get near 
 enough to the barricade or buildings to do any 
 execution, they must pass over an open space right 
 in the face of the defenders rifles, where there 
 was not even a bunch of grass to skulk behind. 
 They kept up a fire at long range for three or four 
 hours, but as il made no impression they ceased 
 the attack about noon, and left ii the direction of 
 Lower Agency They were seen from Fort Ridge- 
 ly tha afternoon, passing up the river with a long 
 train of wagons, probably loaded with their plun- 
 der, and many horses and cattle stolen from the 
 settlers. Xeither Fort Ridgely nor Xew Ulm 
 were agahi attacked. The brave resistance of the 
 whites had balked the red demons at both places. 
 Had either of those posts fallen, hundreds of 
 women and children, and even of the armed men, 
 would have been massacred. But few would 
 have escaped, and there is no doubt but that the 
 victorious savages would have pressed on and 
 taken both St. Peter and Maukato. 
 
 In the attack on New Ulm, ten whites were 
 killed and about fifty wounded. The few build- 
 ings left standing in the place, were almost filled 
 with the dead and wounded, and with sick people ; 
 for disease had by this time commenced to do its 
 work. The provisions were nearly exhausted, 
 and it seemed impossible to hold the place any 
 longer. There were no houses adequate to shel- 
 ter the two thousand people now crowded within 
 the fortifications. Hundreds had been for several 
 days huddled in cellars and other misuitable pla- 
 ces. On Smiday afternoon, one hundred and 
 fifty more volmiteers from St. Peter and vicmity, 
 arrived, in command of E. St. Julien Cox, well 
 armed and equipped. A coimcil of war was held, 
 and it was resolved to evacuate the town. Ac- 
 cordingly, on Monday, August 2oth, every inhab- 
 itant, some two thousand in number, with a train 
 of one hundred and fifty-three wagons bearing 
 the sick, wounded and feeble, commenced the 
 mardi to Maukato. " It was a melancholy spec- 
 tacle (says Colonel Flandrau, in his report) to see 
 two thousand people, wlio a week before had been 
 prosperous and happy, reduced to utter beggary, 
 starting on a journey of thirty miles through a 
 hostile comitry." The vohmteer troops guarded 
 the train through safely 
 
 One week had now elapsed since the cruel mas- 
 sacre began. It was a '■ week of blood." Over 
 seven hundred persons had been murdered i many 
 think the number exceeds one thousand); two 
 hundred had been tiiken captive ; nearly two 
 thousand houses burned: thousands of horses 
 and cattle stolen, and a fertile region some two 
 hundred miles long and one hundred \\ide. laid 
 waste and depopulated. Eighteen coimties were 
 ravaged, thirty thousand people (one-tenth of the 
 population of the State) homeless, tlieir crops and 
 property going to ruin. Claims were subsequently 
 filed by nearly three thousand persons, who lost 
 property valued at $2,500,000. But this does not 
 represent the total loss to our State, while no sum 
 can represent tlie sorrow and suffering caused by 
 the massacre.
 
 DEFEAT AND PUNISHMENT OF THE HOSTILE INDIANS. 
 
 145 
 
 CIIAPTEE XXVII. 
 
 DEFEAT AND PUNISHMENT OF THE HOSTILE INDIANS. 
 
 Military Measures to Defend the Frontier. — Want of any Organized Force— H, H- 
 Sildey Appointed to Command an Expedition. — Great Lack of Anns and Am- 
 munition. — Volunteers Hurry to the Rescue in Large Force, — Col. Sibley (Jath* 
 ers a Column at St. Peter — And Relieves Fort Ridgely. — Great Want of Amuui' 
 nition, Transportation, and Supplies — Danger of a Chippewa Outbreak. — Ac- 
 count of Indian Raids in Kandiyohi. Meeker, and other Counties. — Eiege of 
 Hutchinson. — Siege of Fort Abercroinbie. — A Mounted Force Provided — The 
 Battle of Birch Coolie. — Relief Measures for the Refugees. — The State Apro- 
 priates $25,00)1, — Ciil. Sibley Opens Negotiations for the Release of Prisoners. — 
 Tlicy Prove Successful. — Extra Session of the Legislature. — Battle of Wood 
 Lake. — The Savages Defeated, — Release of the Captives,— Arrest and Trial .of 
 the Guilty Murderers. --Three hundre.l and Three Convicted and Sentenced to 
 be Hung."-Close of the Indian AVar.---Departure of more Regiments for the 
 War.— Hard Fighting by our Troops in the South.— Execution ol Thirty-eight 
 Indian Murderers at Mankato. 
 
 While these exciting events were occurrin.s; 
 along the frontier, the State authorities had been 
 acting with great energy antl promptness in or- 
 ganizing and equipping a military force to pro- 
 ceed against the savages. The suddenness of the 
 outbreak found them totally iniprepared for any 
 such emergency. The Sixth Kegiment was in 
 barracks at Fort Snelling, nearly full and par- 
 tially organized, but its field officers had not yet 
 been appointed, nor had the men received their 
 arms. The Seventh, Eighth, Ninth and Tenth 
 Eegiments were also partially recruited but not 
 mustered in. Skeleton companies were at Fort 
 SneMuig, but none had been organized, and 
 the men were undisciplined. Large numbers 
 had been let off on furlough, to complete 
 harvesting their crops. All the arms due the 
 State had been drawn and issued to the old regi- 
 ments. The general government was so hard 
 pushed that even blankets and tents could not be 
 furnished to the aew troops. 
 
 Immediately on receiving the news. Governor 
 Kamsey appointed Hon. H. II. Sibley, of Men- 
 dota, to the command of such forces at Fort 
 Snelling as the commandant there. Colonel B. F. 
 Smith, could organize on the instant. Colonel 
 Sibley was admirably (nullified for such a respon- 
 sible duty. His lon.g and intimate acquaintance 
 with the Indian character and habits, and espe- 
 cially with the bands now in rebellion, together 
 
 with his knowledge of military matters, and his 
 10 
 
 familiarity with the topography of the country, 
 enabled him to either meet the savages in the field 
 successfully, or to treat with them to advantage. 
 
 Four companies of troops, aljout three hundred 
 in all, armed with Belgian rifies and lit.OOO cart- 
 ridges, were furnished to him ; and they at once 
 started on a small steamer for Shakopee, arriving 
 there on the 20th. From thence they marched to 
 St. Peter. On the 21st, the six remaining compa- 
 nies of the Sixth Regiment were filled by consol- 
 idation and transfers, and sent forward as rapidly 
 as iiossible. On the 21st, Governor Kamsey is- 
 sued a proclamation, reciting the news of the out- 
 break, and calling on such citizens as had horses 
 and arms, to start at once and join tlie expedition 
 moving up the river. Considerable numbers did 
 so. Companies of horsemen were formed in St. 
 Paul, and several other places, and rode forward 
 night and day. Small companies of infantry also 
 organized in various towns in the central and east- 
 ern portion of the State, and made forced marches 
 to the relief of the frontier. By the end of the 
 first " week of blood " (a very short period, con- 
 sidering how unprepared the State was for such 
 a war) several thousand armed men were pressing 
 forward on different routes to meet and drive 
 back the .savages. These companies were mostly 
 distributed at stockades and garrisoned tovms 
 along the frontier, where they remained for sev- 
 eral weeks, until the worst danger was over. On 
 September 9tli, Governor Ramsey's message re- 
 ports, there were twenty-two militia companies, 
 with 2800 men under arms, and volunteer troops 
 enough to make .a-'jOO men in all. 
 
 On Friday, the 22d, Col. Sibley arrived at St.- 
 Peter, and remained there some three days, get- 
 ting his troops in haml and properly armed. The. 
 latter was a work of difilculty. Most of the Sixth 
 Regiment were armed witli Belgian ritles, many of 
 them almost worthless, and none of them very 
 reliable. But a small part of the cartridges fur-
 
 146 
 
 OUTLINES OF THE HISTOBY OF MINJ^ESOTA. 
 
 nished were of the right caUbre, and much time 
 was lost " swedging "' bullets. Gov. Ramsey had. 
 on the 20th. telegraphed to the governor of Wis- 
 consin to •■borrow" 100.000 cartridges. They 
 were promptly sent, and reached Col. Sibley at 
 Fort Eidgely. Provisions had to be collected, 
 and transportation secm-ed. Meantime the peo- 
 ple of the State were nervous with anxiety, and 
 blamed the commander and State authorities for 
 not throwing his half-armed and unorganized 
 troops at once on the several hundred well armed 
 and desperate savages at Xew I'lm or Fort 
 Eidgely. Had this been done, a ■■ Custer massa- 
 cre "■ would have resulted, and another rout and 
 panic ensued, many fold worse than that of the 
 week previous. 
 
 By the 24th. nine companies of the sixth reg- 
 iment (of which AVm. Crooks had just been ap- 
 pointed colonel) were concentrated at St. Peter. 
 There were also some three hundred mounted 
 men, and several companies of militia infantry. 
 On the morning of August 26th, Col. Sibley, with 
 his entire force, about 1400 men, commenced the 
 march to Fort Eidgely. Col. ilcPhaill. with one 
 hundred and eighty mounted men, was sent on 
 in advance. These arrived at the Fort at daxk, 
 to the great joy of its beleaguered inmates. The 
 mam force arrived on August 28th. Xo Indians 
 were encountered on the way. The e.xpedition 
 was halted at this post for several days, imtil nec- 
 essarj- reinforcements and ammunition (which he 
 called for from the executive) should arrive, and 
 enable him to pursue and successfully act against 
 the Indians, who had retreated some distance 
 up the river.where it was reported they had a 
 number of prisoners. 
 
 On August 25th, Col. B. F. Smith was ordered 
 to organize a force of 1000 men, out of detach- 
 ments of the seventh, eighth, ninth, and tenth 
 regiments, at Fort Snelling, and dispatch said 
 force at once to join Col. Sibley. This force was 
 put imder command of Lt. Col. "\Vm. R. ^Marshall, 
 of the seventh regiment, and moved forward as 
 soon as it could be properly equipped, reaching 
 the expedition on September 1st. 
 
 The difficulty of securing transportation for 
 these expeditious, was a serious dra'wback to ce- 
 lerity of movements. Finally, a general order 
 was issued by the adjutant general authorizmg 
 the commanding officers of detactuuents in act- 
 
 ual service , to seize and impress citizens teams 
 whenever needed. This was done, and enough 
 transportation secured in that way, resulting in 
 many cases of individual hardship, but this is 
 one of the inexorable "necessities of war."' 
 Another great need which bothered the state au- 
 thorities, was the scarcity of serviceable arms. 
 Good rifles were few. Many of the troops 
 were very poorly armed, and even of these inferi- 
 or gims. enough could not be had. The general 
 governmeiit was telegraphed to. but could supply 
 none, in season to do any good. The authcri- 
 ties then seized aU the gun-shops in the states 
 and confiscated their serviceable rifles and mus- 
 kets, and ammunition. All the powder and lead 
 in the hands of dealers everywhere was seized, 
 }ielding 3.17.5 pormds of powder and 1.200 pounds 
 of lead. Even this was msufflcient. A lead 
 pipe, some 3.000 feet long, which had been laid 
 in one of the streets en. St. Paul, but was just then 
 imused. was dug up and melted into bullets. A 
 force of young women were working day and 
 night makuig cartridges. Finally, however, aU 
 the troops were wel suppUed and equipped, and 
 no further trouble was felt. It must be remem- 
 bered that there were then no railroads in the 
 state (except one ten-mile section between St. 
 Paul and Minneapolis.) and no telegraph but 
 one from St. Paul to La Crosse. All military 
 messages and dispatches to the frontier, had to 
 be sent by special couriers. 
 
 D.VNGER OF A CHIPPEWA WAR. 
 
 Meantime, a new danger threatened the people 
 of the state. In addition to the powerful Sioux 
 nation, there were in Minnesota the Winnebagoes, 
 with 400 warriore, and in the northern half of the 
 state, the Chippewas, wlit could muster 2.500 or 
 3.000 warriors. There were good grounds for be- 
 lieving that these tribes had been in consultation 
 with the Sioux, and that 11 the latter were suc- 
 cessful they would also rise Ii has'been proved 
 that several AVinnebagoes participated in the 
 earlier murders near the Upper and Lower Agen- 
 cies, while on the same ddy as the outbreak at 
 Eedwood. the Chippewas commenced plundering 
 their agency at Crow Whig on the Upper Miss- 
 issippi, and assembling armed warriors. They 
 acted very tiu-bulent and defiant, and an out- 
 break between them and the whites was immi-
 
 DEFEAT AND PUNISHMENT OF THE HOSTILE INDIANS. 
 
 147 
 
 ment. Indeed, on one occasion, shots were act- 
 ually exchanged. The possibility of an outbreak 
 by them so weighed on the mind of Maj. L. C. 
 Walker, their agent, that he committed suicide 
 near Monticello, on Aug. 23d. Companies of 
 cavalry were authorized by the state authorities 
 to protect the country north of St. Paul, and per- 
 formed patrol duty for some days. Had the 
 Chippewas risen also, nearly the whole state 
 would have been laid waste. Even the cities of St. 
 Paul, Miimeapolis, etc., would have been captured, 
 as there were not arms in those places enough to 
 have defended them. A company of Home 
 Guards was organized in St. Paul as a precau- 
 tionary measure. For some days the situation 
 was very critical, and full of danger. Finally, 
 Hon. Wm. P. Dole, the Commissioner of Indian 
 Affairs, Hon. H. M. Rice, Major E. A. C. Hatch, 
 Clark W. Thompson, and otlier men who had 
 influence with the Ojibways, calmed them down, 
 and averted what might have proved an awful 
 disaster. 
 
 THE WAR IN MEEKER, KANBIYOHI AND 
 STEARNS COUNTIES. 
 
 The coimties along the Minnesota River were 
 not the only ones ravaged by the red devils during 
 that week of blood. McLeod, Monongalia, Kandi- 
 yohi, Steams, Meeker, Otter Tail, Douglas, Sib- 
 ley, etc., were all ovemm in whole or in part, and 
 the inhabitants either butchered or driven away. 
 The first blood of the outbreak had been shed at 
 Acton, Meeker county. A messenger was sent post 
 haste by the citizens there to inform Gov. Ramsey. 
 He arrived at the capitol just at the same time 
 that the courier from St. Peter bore the news 
 from Redwood. The Governor issued to Capt. 
 Geo. C. Whitcomb, of Forest City, seventy-five 
 guns and a small amount of ammunition, to en- 
 able them to make a stand. Capt. W. returned 
 with these at once, via Hutchinson, where he left 
 some of the guns. On arriving at Forest City 
 he found the whole region in a state of panic, the 
 inhaljitants fleeing, and the Indians killing and 
 ravaging the country. A company was at once 
 organized and armed, and marched over into 
 Monongalia county (since apart of Kandiyohi), 
 where they found the bodies of a number of slain, 
 and also of hundreds of cattle killed in mere wan- 
 tonness. They also rescued several persons who 
 
 had been wounded and were hiding. The militia, 
 aided by citizens at Forest City, at once began 
 erecting a large stockade for defence, in the cen- 
 ter of town, in whi(^h the inhabitants and refugees 
 could take shelter. Hearing that a family at 
 Green Lake were in great danger, Capt. Whit- 
 comb went to their relief. Near that spot his 
 men had a hard skirmish with the Indians, in 
 wliic ii three of the redskins were left dead on the 
 ground, and only one of his own men shghtly 
 wounded. He returned to the stockade that 
 night, but next day, with a larger party, again 
 attempted to reach Green Lake. The Indians 
 again attacked him, and after a sharp battle he 
 returned without loss to Forest City. That night 
 the savages made a fierce attack on the town, 
 burned several buildings, and fired on the stock- 
 ade, but fortunately hurting no one. The troops 
 returned the fire. About daylight the Indians 
 were seen trying to drive off a number of horses 
 and cattle in a corral. The troops salUed out and 
 drove them off, kUlrng two, and having two of 
 their own number badly wounded. By this time 
 Meeker county west of Forest City, and all of 
 Kandiyohi and Monongalia counties, were entirely 
 deserted by the whites. 
 
 On August 26th, Captain Richard Strout of the 
 Tenth Regiment, was ordered to proceed to Glen- 
 coe and the region adjacent, to protect it. He 
 reached that place about September 1st, and 
 found the town had been well fortified and de- 
 fended by the militia mider command of General 
 John H. Stevens, of the state militia, and was 
 safe from any immediate danger. He therefore 
 marched, with about seventy-five men, towards 
 Acton. On the morning of September 3d, he was 
 attacked near that place by about one hundred 
 and fifty Indians, and a sharp battle ensued. 
 The troops were driven back towards Ilutchinsun, 
 fighting all the way, until afternoon, when they 
 reached that place. Captain Strout lost three 
 men killed and fifteen wounded, all of whom were 
 brought off the field, and lost most of their equi- 
 page, rations, &c., and several horses and wagons 
 abandoned and mired. The Indians must have 
 lost several killed. 
 
 At Hutchinson, a large stockade had been built, 
 and a companj- of about sixty militia commanded 
 by Captam Harrington, were defending the town. 
 About nine the next morning, September 4th, the
 
 148 
 
 OUTLINES OF THE HISTOBY OF MINNESOTA. 
 
 Indians attacked the post. They bnrned all the 
 houses on the edge of the town and one or two 
 more centrally located. Our troops sallied out 
 and routed them, however, and a succession of 
 skinnishes ensued, -which lasted all day. 
 
 Meantime, General Stevens had heard of the 
 engagement near Acton, and at once sent the 
 companies of Captain Davis and Lieutenant 
 Weinmann to the relief of Hutchinson. Tliey 
 arrived about six o'clock on the evening of the 
 fight, but the Indians had withdrawn. Several 
 persons in the neighborhood were killed by them. 
 and others escaped into the stockade. iVll the 
 signs indicated that the Indians had retreated 
 towards the upper Minnesota, taking a large 
 drove of stolen horses and cattle with them. The 
 Indians were not seen agaui in this vicinity until 
 September 2.3d. when a band of about fifty inva- 
 ded Meeker and Kandiyohi counties. They killed 
 two or three settlers who had returned to their 
 farms, but seemed more intent on stealing cattle 
 than on killing whiles. They were pursued by 
 the troops, and sixty-five head of cattle rescued 
 from them. 
 
 Wright county does not seem to have been in- 
 vaded l)y the Indians. Fortifications were erect- 
 ed by the inhabitants at various points, but no 
 depredations were made in that locality, so far as 
 known. 
 
 "Western and southern Stearns county, how- 
 ever, suffered severely from the depredations of 
 the red foe. About August 23d, they committed 
 murders and other crimes near Paynesville. The 
 people of that town erected a strong stockade, 
 and the citizens and refugees from pomts further 
 west, sheltered themselves therein. A part of 
 the town was burned, but no attack was made on 
 the post. At Maine I'rairie, St. Joseph's, Sauk 
 Centre, Clear Water, Little Falls, and other pla- 
 ces, similar stockades were built, and held by a 
 few determined citizens. At St. Cloud, which 
 was filled with refugees, strong fortifications were 
 built, and preparations made to defend the place 
 to the utmost, but no foe ever appeared, fortu- 
 nately. A number of persons were murdered in 
 the western and southern part of Steams coimty, 
 and houses burned. 
 
 The southwestern portion of the State was also 
 oveiTiin, and a nimiber of murders committed. 
 This district was soon after placed in command 
 
 of Colonel Flandrau, and aboiit five hundred 
 militia garrisoned at different points, who soon 
 rid the country of Indians. 
 
 The Third Regiment, which had been paroled, 
 after its surrender, at Murfreesboro, was now at 
 Benton Barracks, Mo. Gov. Ramsey telegraphed 
 on Aug. 22d to have them sent to this state at 
 once, for service against the Indians. The re- 
 quest was complied with. The regiment received 
 its exchange on Aug.24th, and they arrived in 
 St. Paul on Sept. 4th. All their officers were 
 still prisoners in the hands of tb.e rebels, and the 
 companies were commanded liy non-commissioned 
 officers. Maj. Welch, who was not with the regi- 
 ment at its surrender, (having been taken pris- 
 oner at Bull Run) was in command of the regi- 
 ment. Three hundred men were at once sent to 
 the frontier, where they did good service, being 
 the only veteran troops engaged during the war. 
 
 On Aug. 23d, Gov. Ramsey, in response to 
 many petitions, called an extra session of the 
 legislature, to meet on Sept. 9th. 
 
 SUEGE OF FORT ABERCEOMBIE. 
 
 On Aug. 23d the Indians commenced hostili- 
 ties in the valley of the Red River. Fort Aber- 
 crombie was then garrisoned by Co. I)., Fifth 
 Regiment, Capt. -J. Van der Ilorck, but about 
 half the company was stationed at Georgetown, 
 protecting the Transportation Company's goods 
 at that place. Early on the 23d a band of 500 
 Sissetons and Yanktons crossed the Otter Tail 
 River, with the intention of capturing a train of 
 goods and cattle en route for Red Lake, where a 
 treaty was to be made with the Chippewas. The 
 train was at once ordered to take refuge in Fort 
 Abercrombie, and did so. Most of the citizens 
 m the siuTounding region also repaired to that 
 post, for safety, but many were killed, or taken 
 prisoners. The town of Dayton was destroyed. 
 
 Reinforcements were ordered to Fort Aber- 
 crombie as soon as its danger was learned, but 
 the troops sent out were detained en route, to 
 protect and aid threatened places in Stearns and 
 Sleeker Comities, and did not reach the fort. 
 ^Meantime it was in great danger, and ^^•as quite 
 surrounded by the enemy. Skirmishes near by 
 had taken place between detaclinients of the 
 troops and the Indians. On Aug. SOtli the latter 
 appeared in large numbers before the fort. A
 
 DEFEAT AND PUNISHMENT OF THE HOSTILE INDIANS. 
 
 149 
 
 large herd of the treaty cattle (172 head) and 
 about 100 horses and mules were grazing on the 
 prairie near by. The Indians drove these off. 
 and the small garrison could make no resistance. 
 On Sept. 3d, at daybreak, the Indians attacked 
 the post. A fight was kept up for two or tliree 
 hours, but they were repulsed, with some loss on 
 both sides. Active measures were then taken 
 to strengthen the post by a stockade of timber. 
 On Sept. 6th, a second attack was made, and a 
 sharp battle raged until nearly noon. A number 
 of the Indians were killed and wounded, but only 
 one of our force was killed, and one mortally 
 wounded. The Indians hung around the fort, 
 occasionally attacking a messenger, or a water- 
 ing party, until Sept. 23d, when reinforcements 
 arrived via St. Cloud to the gi'eat joy of the be- 
 leaguered garrison, who had now been besieged 
 over three weeks. No farther demonstrations, of 
 any force, were made by the Indians. But for 
 the brave resistance made by a mere handful of 
 soldiers, aided by a few citizens, the post must 
 have fallen. 
 
 A EEGIMENT OF MOUNTED BANGERS RAISED. 
 
 The want of a mounted force to pursue the In- 
 dians was severely felt by Col. Sibley. His small 
 number of irregular mounted militiamen were 
 leaving for their homes. He several times urged 
 Gov. Ramsey to provide cavalry, and that oflicial 
 in turn asked of the War Department the proper 
 authority. Tliis was granted on Sept. 1st, and 
 a regiment of mounted rangers at once called for, 
 for three months service, which was subsequently 
 changed to one year. The regiment was soon 
 recruited, and Col. S. McPhaiU appointed colonel. 
 
 BATTLE OF BIRCn COOLIE. 
 
 While waiting at Fort Kidgely for proper sup- 
 plies and equipments, and before undertaking 
 any offensive campaign against the Indians, Col. 
 Sibley sent out, on August 31st, a detachment to 
 bury dead bodies, rescue any fugitives tliat might 
 be found, and make reconnoissance* This de- 
 tachment consisted of part of Co. A, sixth regi- 
 ment, Capt. II. P. Grant, about seventy mounted 
 men luider Capt. Jos. Anderson, and a fatigue 
 party — about one hundred and fifty men in all, 
 accompanied by seventeen teams. Tlie whole 
 force was In command of Maj. Joseph U. Ihown, 
 who was perfectly familiar with the country and 
 
 with Indian warfare. On the first day's march 
 sixteen dead bodies were found and buried. The 
 next day (Sept. 1) the force separated into two 
 detachments. During this day fifty-five mutil- 
 ated bodies were buried. In the evening the 
 whole force went into camp at Birch Coolie (or 
 Coulee) in a spot selected by Maj. Brown. No 
 Indians had been seen that day. 
 
 Just before daybreak on the 2d, the camp was 
 aroused by a volley of firearms and the yells of 
 Indians, who had crawled unperceived witlun a 
 few yards of the encampment. For a few min- 
 nutes terrific volleys were poured into tlie tents, 
 cutting them into shreds and wounding or killing 
 a number of men and horses. As soon as they 
 could seize their arms, those who were inihurt 
 crawled out, and sheltering themselves as well as 
 they could behind wagons, dead horses, etc., re- 
 turned the fire. Shortly after daylight the men 
 began excavating, willi such implements as they 
 coidd get, a line of rifle-pits, and in a short time 
 had about two hinidred feet dug. 
 
 The firing in the still of the morning was heard 
 by the sentinels at Fort Ridgely, fifteen miles. 
 a^\■ay, and a detachment of troops uuder Colonel 
 McPhaill, at once pushed off to their relief. 
 When within three miles of Birch Coolie, they 
 were met by such a large force of Indians they 
 could not advance, and sent a courier back for 
 reinforcements. ^Meantime, the troops of ^lajor 
 Brown's command lay all day in their rille pits, 
 keeping the savages at bay. The wounded were 
 cared for as well as possible, but some died du- 
 ring the day. 
 
 As soon as McPhaill's courier reached Fort 
 Ridgely, a large force, with some artillery, was 
 sent to the relief of his and Brown's troops. 
 They came up about daylight, and the whole col- 
 umn then pushed on to Birch Coolie, dislodging 
 and driving the Indians from their position, after 
 keeping our men under fire for thirty hours, with- 
 out food or drink. 
 
 The camp was an awful scene, when relieved. 
 Twenty-three men had been killed outright or 
 mortally wounded, forty-five badly wounded, and 
 seventy horses killed. The dead were buried on 
 tlie spot, and the woundeil carried back to Fort 
 Ridgely in wagons. Thus terminated the most 
 bloody battle of the war, and one which spread 
 gloom over the State. It is not creditalile to
 
 150 
 
 OUTLINES OF THE HISTORY OF MINNESOTA. 
 
 Minnesota that this battle ground should have 
 been allowed to pass into private hands, and be 
 plowed over. It should have been reserved by the 
 State as a historic spot, and marked with a suit- 
 able monument. All the bodies, however, were 
 subsequently removed, and properly interred else- 
 where. 
 
 KELLEF MEASURES FOR THE REFUGEES. 
 
 The condition of the poor refugees from the 
 ravaged districts, was deplorable in the extreme. 
 In St Peter alone, there were in September, as 
 many as 0.000 or 7,000 for some days, and at one 
 time 8,000. In St. Paul there were 1.000, and at 
 Minneapolis an equal number, and all the towns 
 had more or less. They were aU destitute of 
 money, clothing, employment, &c., and many 
 were sick, while not a few were actually insane 
 from trouble and grief. The active exertions of 
 citizens of St. Peter alone prevented great suffer- 
 ing there, but thek means were soon exhausted. 
 They then appealed through the papers for aid, 
 and Governor Ramsey appointed commissioners 
 to receive and disburse supplies. About S-0,000 
 in money was contributed, half of which came 
 from eastern cities, while large quantities of cloth- 
 ing were collected by local reUef committees, in 
 St. Paid and other places. The Legislature, 
 when it met, voted 825,000 more. These amounts 
 relieved the worst cases of need. In October, 
 most of those whose homes had not been des- 
 troyed returned to them, and the number of des- 
 titute rapidly decreased. Several hundred, how- 
 ever, were supported aU winter. Fortunately, 
 laborers had now become scarce, and wages en- 
 hanced, so that aU could get employment. The 
 building of railroads went along unchecked in 
 the midst of aU the panic. The "Winona and St. 
 Peter Iladroad completed about ten miles of road 
 this fall. 
 
 NEGOTIATIONS FOR RELEASE OF THE PRIS- 
 ONERS. 
 
 Before lea\ing the battle-field of Birch Coolie, 
 Col. Sibley left the following note attached to a 
 stake: 
 
 '• If Little Crow has any proposition to maKe to 
 me, let him send a half-breed to me, and he shall 
 be protected in and out of camp. 
 
 '•H. IT. SIBLEY, 
 " Col. Com'g Mil. Exped'n." 
 
 Col. Sibley had reason to believe that their re- 
 peated defeats had discouraged the foe, and ne- 
 gotiations could be made with the disaffected 
 Indians, and those tired of fighting, for the re- 
 lease of the prisoners. This note bore good fruit 
 very soon. 
 
 It was now cedent that all the marauding 
 bands from the interior had been called in. and 
 that the Indians would oppose the column on its 
 march with all their combined forces. 
 
 Col. Sibley ordered the Third regiment, then 
 at Glencoe, to join his command, and it reached 
 Fort Ridgely on Sept. 13th. 
 
 Meantime Col. Sibley "s note had been sliown 
 Little Crow on his return from the raid on the 
 Big "Woods settlers, and A. J. Campbell, a half- 
 breed who acted as his secretary, read it to him. 
 Crow at once dictated a reply, blammg Galbraith 
 and the traders for wTonging them, and enumer- 
 ating some grievances which caused the war. 
 He requested an answer. This note reached Col. 
 Sibley at Fort Eidgely on Sept. 7th. Col. S. at 
 once replied demanding that Little Crow should 
 release the prisoners, and he would then treat 
 \^ith him. On Sept. 12th a reply was received 
 from Crow, saying that the Mdewakantons had 
 150 prisoners, and other bands some more. He 
 said: '"I want to know from you, as a friend, 
 what way I can make peace for my people." Col. 
 Sililey at once replied, urging Crow to give up the 
 prisoners, and complaining that he had allowed 
 his young men to kill nine more whites since he 
 sent the first letter. The same cornier who 
 brought Little Crow's letter also brought one pri- 
 vately from the chief AVabasha. and Taopi, a 
 Christian Indian. They asserted that they were 
 forced into the war, and were now anxious to 
 make peace, and if a chance offered they woidd 
 come in and give themselves up, with all their 
 prisoners. Col. Sibley repUed to this message 
 urging them to do so. and promising them pro- 
 tection, adding that he was now strong enough 
 to crush all the Indians who held out. 
 
 ■When this letter was received by AVabasha and 
 his friends who wished to separate from the other 
 Indians, a great disjiut* arose among all the 
 bands. Indeed, disaffection and jealousy had 
 been brewing ever since the outbreak. The pris- 
 oners were in great peril and might have been 
 murdered. But at last all worked out well, and
 
 DEFEAT AND PUNISHMENT OF THE HOSTILE INDIANS. 
 
 161 
 
 the friendly and repentant Indians carried the 
 day. 
 
 The War Department had meantime created 
 Minnesota and Dalcota into a military depart- 
 ment, and appointed Gen. John Pope to the com- 
 mand. He reached St. Paul on Sept. 12th, and 
 established his headquarters there. The 
 
 EXTRA SESSION OF THE LEGISLATURE, 
 
 called by the Governor, met on September 9th, 
 and adjourned on September 29th. The legisla- 
 fon was mostly in regard to matters growing out 
 of the Ind'an war. A Board of Auditors was 
 created to adjust claims growing out of the mas- 
 sacre, and $75,000 was appropriated to settle 
 them. Congi'ess was memorialized to reimburse 
 the State for this outlay. A Board of Commis- 
 sioners was authorized to collect names of slain, 
 and the facts of their death, &c. [This was never 
 done.] The sum of $25,000 was voted for the 
 relief of indigent refugees. Congress was also 
 memorialized for the removal of the Winneba- 
 goes from the State. 
 
 THE NEW REGIBIENTS, 
 
 (the 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, and 10th) which had been 
 hurried off to the frontier, half organized, were, 
 by this time, completely organized and mustered 
 in. The Colonels were appointed as follows : 
 Sixth, Wm. Crooks; Seventh, Stephen Miller; 
 Eighth, Minor T. Thomas ; Ninth, Alex. Wilkin ; 
 Tenth, James H. Baker. 
 
 BATTLE OF WOOD LAKE. 
 
 Col. Sibley, after the arrival of the Third Regi- 
 ment and the supplies and ammunition he had 
 needed, broke camp, on Sept. 18th, and started in 
 pursuit of the Indians at or near Yellow Medi- 
 cine. On the morning of Sept. 23d, while en- 
 camped near Wood Lake, the Indians suddenly 
 attacked the force. The Eenville Rangers were 
 thrown out, and met the enemy bravely. Maj. 
 Welch soon had the Third Regiment in line, and 
 they poured steady volleys into the advancing line 
 of Indians, as did also the Sixth Regiment, under 
 Maj. McLaren. The fight then became general. 
 Lieutenant Colonel Marshall charged the enemy 
 with three companies of the Seventh and A 
 of the Sixth, and put them to rout. The bat- 
 tle had lasted an hour and a half. Our loss was 
 four killed and tifty wounded; among the latter, 
 
 Maj. Welch. The Indians lost quite a nimaber— 
 thirty, it is said — fifteen being found dead on the 
 field. After burying the dead, Col. Sibley marched 
 toward Lac qui Parle, near which place Wabasha 
 had notified him he would meet him and deliver 
 up the prisoners. 
 
 RELEASE OF THE CAPTIVES. 
 
 On September 26th the column arrived at the 
 camp where the friendly Indians had the prison- 
 ers, and made their own near by. It was oppo- 
 site the mouth of the Chippewa River, and was 
 named by our men "Camp Release." Col. Sibley 
 without delay visited the Indians and demanded 
 the captives. They were at once produced, 
 nearly two hundred and fifty in number. Many 
 wept with joy at their release ; others had grown 
 almost indifferent. These poor people — mostly 
 women and children — were sent as soon as possi- 
 ble to their friends, if the latter were still living. 
 
 The Indians who had given themselves up were 
 at once placed under guard until they could be 
 examined as to their guilt. During the next few 
 days a number came in and gave themselves up, 
 and some smaller parties were captured soon 
 after by our troops under Lt. Col. Marshall, so 
 that soon our force had over 2,000 Indian war- 
 riors in their hands. Col. Sibley at once organized 
 a military commission, composed of Col. Crooks, 
 Lt. Col. Marshall, and Capt. Grant, with I. V. 
 D. Heard as judge advocate, to examine all evi- 
 dence against the Indians, and indicate the guilty 
 ones. Another commission of five officers was 
 appointed to try the accused. 
 
 These commissions continued at work until 
 November 5th, by which time they had foiuul 
 three hundred and twenty-one Indians guilty of 
 murder, ravishing, and other crimes, and sen- 
 tenced three hundred and three to death. These 
 were at once removed to South Bend, there to 
 await the orders of the president. The other 
 Indians and their familis were taken to Fort 
 Snelling and confined all winter in a stockade. 
 
 CLOSE OF THE INDIAN WAR. 
 
 Meantime Little Crow and the still hostile In- 
 dians had retreated into Dakota, and before win- 
 ter reached Devil's Lake, where they remained 
 until the next season. As the war in this State 
 was now practically over, most of the settlers 
 whose homes had not been destroyed returned to
 
 152 
 
 OVTLIXES OF THE HISTORY OF MINNESOTA. 
 
 them. The Third Minnesota regiment, and the 
 Twenty-fifth AVis. and Twenty-seventh Iowa, 
 were sent south before winter, but the Sixtli, 
 Seventli, Eighth, Xhith, and Tenth Minn., with 
 the Mounted Rangers, were retained for liome 
 service, and were stationed in detachments in a 
 cordon of posts reaching from the south line of 
 tlie State across the frontier to St. Cloud. The 
 country between the garrisons was carefully 
 scouted and jiatrolled, so that no hostile Indians 
 could pass the Ime. On November 2.5th, Gen. 
 Pope removed his headquarters to jNIilwaukee, and 
 Ihig. Gen. Sibley (for such he was made after 
 the battle of Wood Lake) remained in command 
 at St. Paul. The winter passed without any 
 hostiUties. 
 
 OUR KEGIJIENTS IX THE SOUTII 
 
 had not been- idle meantime. On Sept. 4th the 
 Fifth Regiment was in the battle at Corinth, and 
 under fire some time. One account says: " Tlie 
 ground in front of us was covered with killed and 
 wounded rebels." The Fifth suffered a loss of 
 six killed, eighteen wounded and three missing. 
 The Fourth Regiment was also in the same fight, 
 and lost, during two days" fighting, three killed 
 and nine wounded. The Fourth Regiment was 
 also hotly engaged at the battle of luka, on Sept. 
 19th. It lost three killed, four wounded, two 
 missing. 
 
 At Corinth, Oct. 3d and 4th, the Fourth also 
 bore an active .share, losing three killed and five 
 wounded. '' The regiment bore itself most gal- 
 lantly,"' says an otEcial report. In the same en- 
 gagements the Fifth Minuescta also shared, ex- 
 pending about fifty rounds of ammunition, with 
 which they made deadly work among the enemy, 
 losing six killed, sixteen wounded, and four miss- 
 ing. The First Battery were also in this en- 
 
 gagement, and did good work, having only one 
 man wounded. 
 
 THE FIRST REGIMENT 
 
 also bore its share during this period. At the 
 Battle of Antietam, on Sept. ITth, it was closely 
 engaged, and left ninety men dead or mor- 
 tally wounded on the field. Their bodies now 
 rest in the national cemetery there. 
 
 The First also participated in the battle of 
 Fredericksburg, on December 11th, 12th, 13th and 
 14th, during which it lost nine wounded and one 
 missmg. 
 
 EXECUTION OF THE INDIAN SnTRDERERS. 
 
 The three Innidred and tliree Indian murderers 
 were kept at South Bend a short time and then 
 removed to Mankato, where they wei-e confined 
 in a stone warehouse strongly guarded. !Mean- 
 time, some (so called) " philanthropists,"' princi- 
 pally Quakers, at Plnladelphia and other eastern 
 cities, interfered in the matter, and got up a 
 strong pressure on President Lincoln to pardon 
 the guilty wretches. This was resisted by the 
 prominent men and ofiBcials of Minnesota, the 
 people of the State almost unanimously demand- 
 ing their execution, and threatening, if it were 
 not done, to apply lynch law to them. President 
 Lincoln selected thirty -nine of the murderers, 
 and (on December 0th) ordered General Sibley to 
 execute them. This was carried into etfect on 
 December 20th, at Mankato, (one, meantime, 
 dying of disease). Thirty-eiglit of the savages 
 were swung off of one scaffold, in the presence of 
 a large concourse of people. The rest of the mur- 
 derere were imprisoned luitil spring, then taken 
 to Davenport, Iowa, where they were confined a 
 few months, after which they were removed to a 
 reservation on the ^Missouri river, and set at 
 libertv.
 
 CLOSE OF THE INDIAN WAR AND HIE WAIi OF SECESSION. 
 
 153 
 
 CHAPTER xxyiii. 
 
 CLOSE OF THE INDIAN "VVAll AND THE "WAR OF SECESSION. 
 
 Events of the Year 1863.— Scat ferine Raids on the Frontier.— A Scalp Bounty 
 Offored. — Removal of the Sioux and Winnebagoes. — Gen, Sibley's Expedition 
 of 1S63.— Brave Conduct ofthc Third, Fourth and Fifth RoKrJinents.— The First 
 at Gettysburg. — Death of Little Crow. — Gen, Sibley's Column Attacked by the 
 Sioux. — Remarkable Drought in 1803-64. — Thiee More Rcginients sent South. 
 — Return of the First Regiment. — Gen. Sibley's Expedition in 1864. — Heavy 
 Drafts for Men. — Inflation and High Prices. — Battles in which Minnesota 
 Troops Took Part. — Union Victories. — Close of the War. — Return of our 
 Troops. ---The State's Share in the Conflict.— A new Era of Material Prosperity 
 Begun. 
 
 The winter of 1862-'63 was spent by Gen. Sib- 
 ley in making preparations for an expedition to 
 the Missouri River, to pursue and punish tlie 
 hostile Sioux. A third battery of liglit artillery 
 was recruited for this purpose, and Jolm Jones, 
 the gallant defender of Eort Ridgely, appointed 
 captain. At the session of the legislature, Gov. 
 Eamsey was elected U. S. Senator, but did not 
 vacate the gubernatorial chair until June 30th. 
 
 Early in the spring, small parties of Sioux be- 
 gan to make predatory inciu'sions into the state, 
 and these raids continued all summer. Some 
 twenty persons were killed, in all, and a num- 
 ber of horses stolen. The Indians were pur- 
 sued by troops in every case, and a number of 
 them killed. A reward of $2.5 was offered by 
 the Adjutant General for Sioux scalps, and 
 afterwards raised to $200. 
 
 In May, the Sioux were removed from the 
 state, together with the Wiinicbagoes, and sent 
 to a new reservation on tlie Missouri River. 
 Efforts were made to get rid of the Chippewas, 
 but were not successful. 
 
 Gen. Sibley in May concentrated three thous- 
 and troops at Camp Pope, on the upper Minnesota 
 River, for liis expedition. Tliese were: llie Sixth, 
 Seventh, and Tenth Infantry, Capt. Jones' Bat- 
 tery, and the Mounted Rangers. On June 17th, 
 the e::pedition started on its march. (Jen. Ste- 
 .phen Miller was meantime in command of the 
 department here. Gen. Alfred Svdly was at the 
 same time moving up the Missouri River with 
 another expedition. 
 
 On June 22d, the War Department authorized 
 
 the formation of a tliree years battalion of six 
 companies of cavalry, for service against the In- 
 dians, to be commanded by Major E. A. C. Hatch. 
 This was soon recruited, and in active duty at 
 the various posts in this department. 
 
 OTJK REGIMENTS IN THE SOtTTH. 
 
 The summer of 1863 was one of hard service 
 and brilliant renown to our regiments in the 
 South. On May 3d, the Fourth Regiment was in 
 hot action in tbe battle at the crossing of Big 
 Black river, with a loss of tliree killed. One of 
 its officers planted the Union Hag on the Capitol 
 at Jackson. At Champion Hills (May 16th) it 
 lost one killed. On May 22d, at Vicksburg, it 
 again suffered severely, losing twelve killed and 
 forty-two wounded. The Third Regiment was 
 also in the same campaign. On May 19th, the 
 Fifth Regiment near Vicksburg, lost one killed 
 and Ave wounded. 
 
 The severest loss of any of our regiments in 
 the war, however, was that suffered by the First 
 Regiment at Gettysburg, on July 3d. It took 
 part in the hottest of that memorable action, and 
 made a movement in the face of an awful fire 
 from the rebels. In a few minntes it lost sixty- 
 eight killed, 149 wounded, 90 missing, and when 
 it emerged from the baptism of fire, had only 87 
 men in its ranks. The news of this terrible car- 
 nage was received with profound sympathy by 
 the people of the State, mingled with thankful- 
 ness, however, for the great victoi-y won there, 
 and at Vicksburg, on the same day. 
 
 DEATH OF LITTLE CROW. 
 
 During June, a band of seventeen Indians 
 gieatiy annoyed the settlers in Meeker and Kandi- 
 yohi counties, killing several. On July 3d, a man 
 named Nathan Lampson, and liis son Chauncy, 
 were himting near Hutchinson, when they espied 
 two Sioux. A tiglit ensued, in which Mr. Lamp- 
 son was badly womided, when his son, by a fortu-
 
 154 
 
 OUTLINES OF THE HISTOBT OF MINNESOTA. 
 
 iiate shot, killed one of the Indians. T)ie dead body 
 of the latter was taken to llntthinsou. From its 
 appearance, and certain marks, it was supposed 
 to be Little Crow. It was scalped, and the re- 
 mains buried. Not long after, an Indian was 
 captured in Dakota, which proved to be Wo-iri- 
 na-2}e. Little Crow's son. He confessed that the 
 Indian killed by Lampson was his father, and 
 that he was witli him at the time. The remains 
 of the celebrated chieftain, whose name for 
 months was a terror to our people, were then 
 exhumed, and the skeleton preserved. The scalp 
 and arm bones are in the museum of the Histori- 
 cal Society, at St. Paul. 
 
 Gen. Sil)ley"s expedition reached the Coteau of 
 the Missouri on July i:4, and on that day, at a 
 place called "Big Mound," was attacked by 
 about one thousand Indians. A sharp engage- 
 ment ensued, in ■which twenty-one Indians were 
 killed, and only two of our troops. On July 20, 
 at " Dead Buffalo Lake,"' the Sioux again attacked 
 his column, but were repulsed, with a loss on our 
 side of one man. On July 2S, at " Stony Lake," 
 about two thousand Indians again gave battle, 
 but were routed, with considerable loss. The 
 expedition pursued the savages to the ilissouri 
 river, across which they escaped. It returned to 
 the state about Sept. 1st. Gen. Sully's column 
 had several engagements with the Indians, chas- 
 tising them severely. 
 
 The simimer of 1S63 was memorable for an in- 
 tense drouth, which contiiuied until the close of 
 1864. During these two seasons almost no rain 
 fell, yet the harvests were good. The worst re- 
 sult was on the river, which ■\\as unprecedently 
 low, and business was badly interfered with, ajid 
 the lumbering interest was, for the same reason, 
 greatly depressed. 
 
 On Sept. 19 and 20, at Chickamauga, the Second 
 Regiment was hotly engaged, and suffered a loss 
 of thirty-five killed and one hundred and thirteen 
 wounded. 
 
 Early in October, the Seventh, Ninth, and 
 Tenth Eegiments were relieved from duty here 
 and sent to St. Louis, from whence they went to 
 the front. 
 
 On Oct. 12th, the War Department, having 
 called for two hundred thousand more troops, 
 authorized the Second Regiment of cavalry to 
 
 take the place of the Mounted Rangers, whose 
 term of service had expired. 
 
 On Oct. 14 the First Regiment was engaged at 
 Bristow's Station, antl lost one killed and nine- 
 teen wounded, capturing two hundred prisoners 
 and several guns. 
 
 At the state election this fall. Gen. Stephen 
 ]\Iiller was elected governor, by a vote of 19,628 
 over Henry T. Wells, who had 12.739. 
 
 On Nov. 23, the Second Regiment was in the 
 action at Mission Ridge, and suffered a loss of 
 five killed and thirty-four wounded. 
 
 The provost marshals oi the state made an en- 
 rollment of all the male pitizens this fall, pre- 
 paratory to the draft. Resistance was made in 
 some cases, but no serious disturbances took 
 place, as in other states. 
 
 EAKLY IN 1864, 
 
 the regiments which enlisted in 1861, and had re- 
 enlisted as '■ veterans," were allowed to return to 
 the State on furlough. They were received 
 in the various towns of the State with the 
 most lively demonstrations of pride and grati- 
 tude, and banqueted and petted as the brave 
 heroes deserved. 
 
 On April 2Sth the First regiment, whose term 
 of service had expired, was mustered out at Fort 
 SneUing. Barely one hundred of the 1080 men 
 who had stood on the same parade ground three 
 years before, were in the ranks. Out of some re- 
 enlisted men and recruits a battalion was formed, 
 called the "First Battalion," which did good ser- 
 vice during the next year. 
 
 On March 30th the Third regiment had a close 
 action at a jilace called Fitzhugh's Woods, near 
 Augusta, Ark. Seven were killed and sixteen 
 wounded. Gen. Andrews, commanding, had his 
 horse shot under him. 
 
 On June 6th an expedition left Fort Ridgely 
 in pursuit of the hostile Sioux on the Jilissouri 
 River, under connuand of Gen Sully. It con- 
 sisted of the Eighth Minn, (mounted), six compa- 
 nies of the Second Cavahy, three sections of 
 Jones' Battery, and Bracketfs Battalion of cav- 
 alry, which had re-enlisted and was now organ- 
 ized as a separate command. 
 
 On June 14, the Sixth Regiment left Fort Snel- 
 ling for the south, and was soon after placed in 
 the Sixteenth Army Corps, in which was also the
 
 CLOSE OF THE INDIAN WAS AND THE WAR OF SECESSION. 
 
 155 
 
 Fifth, Seventh, Ninth and Tenth Minnesota reg- 
 iments. Tlie Fiftli had, not long previously, 
 taken a part in the disastrous Red Eiver cam- 
 paign, and the Ninth had b(mie a share in the 
 unfortunate Gvmtown expedition (June 10), where 
 it suffered a loss of seven killed, thirty-three 
 wounded, and two hundred and forty-six taken 
 prisoners. 
 
 On Feb. 1 the War Department had made a 
 call for two hundred thousand men, and on 
 March 14 another call for the same number, fol- 
 lowed by one m April for eighty-five thousand. 
 The quota of our state under these heavy calls 
 was about five thousand men, and on May 26 
 drafting commenced to fill the quotas of some 
 districts which were deUnquent. The desire of 
 some towns and districts to escape a draft led to 
 the issuing of bonds, with the proceeds of which 
 they paid high bounties and procured recraits. 
 Subscriptions were raised in some districts for 
 the same purjiose. A class of middle men, called 
 recruit, or bounty, agents, sprang up, who, in 
 bidding for recruits, sometimes gave as high as 
 $700 or $800 for men to fill quotas. Under this 
 stimulus recniiting went on pretty lively, while a 
 considerable number of men were drafted and 
 sent to fill old regiments. On July 18th came an- 
 other call for five hundred thousand, and this 
 again produced a new straggle to fill quotas. 
 The entire number of men apportioned to our 
 state up to this time was 21 ,442. 
 
 That these frequent and heavy drafts for men 
 produced a feeling of doubt and despondency can 
 not be denied. It was now the fourth year of the 
 war, and its end still seemed far off, while its rapa- 
 cious maw appeared to literally swallow up the 
 enormous levies which the people in their pride 
 and patriotism promptly furnished at each call. 
 There was mourning in nearly every household 
 for some " vuireturning brave,'" and suffering in 
 the families of enlisted men. 
 
 The inflation of the currency also produced 
 an unheard-of rise in the price of living. On 
 June 1 gold was 160. On July llth it had reached 
 285 — the highest point during the war. All other 
 values advanced accordingly. There was some 
 silver lining to the dark cloud, though. The 
 great advance in goods literally made the for- 
 tunes of many dealers. Even real estate began 
 to show Ufe, while there was an ease in the money 
 
 market which reminded one of 1857. Several of 
 our railroads were now in active progress, and 
 labor was in great demand. The continued 
 drouth and low water was a serious drawback, 
 however. Prayers were put up in most of the 
 churches for rain. 
 
 Small raids were made by the Sioux several 
 times during the summer, and several persons 
 killed, but these attacks occasioned but little 
 alarm. 
 
 On July l.Sth, our Fifth, Seventh, Ninth and 
 TenUi llegiments were in the Battle of Tupelo, 
 and all suffered some loss. The Seventh had 
 nine killed and fifty-two wounded. Col. Wilkin, 
 of the Ninth, was killed— one of the bravest and 
 finest officers who left our state. 
 
 Under the call of July 23d, an eleventh regi- 
 ment of infantry was authorized, and filled very 
 quickly. James Gilflllan, formerly of the Sev- 
 enth, was appointed colonel. The Eleventh left 
 the state on Sept. 22d, for TennessL*e, where it 
 performed guard duty for several months. 
 
 A battalion of heavy infantry ^^as also re- 
 cruited, which was soon increased to a full regi- 
 iment. Wm. Colville, late of the First Regiment, 
 was placed in command. The regiment served 
 for several months at Chattanooga, Temi. 
 
 Tlie bullets of the enemy \\ ere not so disas- 
 trous to some of our regiments, as the malaria 
 of southern swamps. Our Sixth Regiment at 
 Helena, and the Third at Pine Bluff, Ark., were 
 both decimated by disease. Sometimes only a 
 handful of men \A'ere found well enough for duty. 
 
 On October 5th, the Fourth Regiment was in a 
 heavy action at Altoona, and captured two flags. 
 Their loss was killed, 13; wounded, 31. 
 
 On December 7th, the Eighth Regiment took 
 part in an engagement near Murf reesboro, Tenn- 
 essee, in which it lost 14 killed and 76 wounded, 
 in a charge on the enemy's batteries. 
 
 On December 16th, the Fifth, Seventh, Nintli 
 and Tenth Regiments took part in tlie great bat- 
 tle of Nashville, between Thomas's and Hood's 
 armies. All suffered loss, though fortunatel\ 
 not severe. 
 
 On December 19th, another call was made, for 
 .WO.OdO troops, and the recruiting and bounty 
 business grew more intense than ever, and con- 
 tinued all winter. 
 
 During this time, the patriotic people of our
 
 156 
 
 OUTLINES OF THE HISTOBY OF MINNESOTA. 
 
 State were contributing Mitli generous liberality 
 to the Sanitary and Christian Commissions, to 
 various relief movements, to . special hospital 
 funds of our various regiments, for the support 
 of destitute soldiers" families, and individual cases 
 of distress without number. No State in the 
 I'nion did more, proportioned to their means, in 
 these works, than the people of Miiuiesota. 
 
 THE YEAR 1865 
 
 opened with more encouraging prospects. The 
 large forces of the I'nion army were gaining sub- 
 stantial victories. The successes of Sheridan in the 
 Shenandoah Valley, Sherman in his historic 
 march to the sea. " crushing the confederacy like 
 an eggshell," and Grant, doggedly consuming 
 the enemy at Petersburg, were fast shattering 
 the rebellion. In the siege of Spanish Fort, at 
 Mobile, in April, the Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, 
 Ninth, and Tenth Minnesota Volunteers bore an 
 active and honorable part. 
 
 Not unmingled with tears were the rejoicings 
 over these victories. Every battle bulletin brouglit 
 sorrow and mourning to many homes in our state 
 On April 3d came the great ne\\s of the fall of 
 Kichmond. and on April 8th, while the people 
 celebrating this event, the dispatch of General 
 Grant announcing the unconditional surrender of 
 Lee and his army was received, setting nearly 
 everybody crazy with joy. On April 13th the 
 provost marshals received an order to cease draft- 
 ing and recruiting, and the war was practically 
 over. One of its saddest results was yet to come 
 — the death of President Lincoln, on April loth. 
 This calamity was duly observed in all the towns 
 of the State, on April 19th, by suspension of 
 business, and religious services. These gloomy 
 feelings were soon dispelled, however, by the 
 
 BETUEN OF OUK KEGIMENTS, 
 
 early in the summer, and their muster out at Fort 
 Snelling. As each of these Ijodies of brave men 
 returned, they were received with such ovations 
 and demonstrations of joy as a grateful people 
 could devise. Quietly our soldiers "hung up 
 their Ijruised arms." and were soon again ab- 
 sorbed into the body of the people. In all, Min- 
 nesota had furnished to the armies of the repub- 
 
 lic 2.J.052 men, or about one-seventh of its entire 
 popidatiou at the beginning of the war. Of 
 these, it is estimated from the best data obtaina- 
 ble, that 2.500 were killed in battle and died of 
 disease during the war, while probably twice as 
 many more received wounds from which they 
 will suffer through life. Many died shortly after 
 the war, from the effects of disease or imprison- 
 ment incurred in service. In her devotion to the 
 cause of the Union, our State has a bright record. 
 
 The state was almost free from Indian raids 
 during all this year. Only one of any moment 
 occurred. On May 2d a family of five persons 
 named Jewett, were murdered near (Jarden 
 City. A half breed named Campbell, who aided 
 in the raid, was arrested at Mankato several days 
 afterward, and hung by a mob. 
 
 The census of 1865, showed a population of 
 250,098 — a gratifying increase, considering the 
 war of secession and the Indian war as draw- 
 backs. 
 
 ■\Vith the close of the war a new era of pros- 
 perity seemed tohavebegunin the state, ^ioney 
 was abundant, immigration brisk, labor in de- 
 mand, and real estate advancing. Our railroads 
 were in rapid progress in all directions, and vil- 
 lages and towns springing up everywliere. 
 
 On Nov. 11th, at Fort Snelling. Shakopee and 
 Medicine Bottle, two Sioux convicted of taking 
 part in the massacre of 1S62, were hung. They 
 had lied to ^Manitoba, and were not caught until 
 J864. 
 
 This fall much excitement was occasioned by 
 the reported discovery of gold quartz at Lake 
 "^'ermillion. Several mining companies were 
 formed, and veins opened and worked, but the 
 yield did not pay, and the mines were soon aban- 
 doned. 
 
 The state election this year was very feebly 
 contested. Two well-known old settlers were 
 nominated for governor, but the vote was light. 
 Wm. R. l^Iarshall received 17.318 and Henry 
 M. Rice 13,842. At the same election an amend- 
 ment to the constitution was voted on. proposing 
 to confer the elective francliiseon negroes, but 
 was defeated.
 
 PBINCIPAL EVENTS FROM 1866 TO 1881. 
 
 157 
 
 CHAPTER XXIX. 
 
 PRINCIPAL EVENTS FROM 1866 TO 1881. 
 
 k Penod of Inflation.— Rapid Railroad ConRtruction,---Proposed Removal Bf the 
 Capital. —Attempted Adjustment of the Railroad Bonds.— Legislative Control 
 of Freight Tariffs.— Prairie Fires in IS7I.— An Arctic Cyclone.— Impeachment 
 of State Treasurer.— The Jay Cooke Panic.— Regulating Railroad Taritfs.— 
 Grasshopper Ravages.— Suffering on the Frontier.---ReIief Measures Adopted 
 by the Legislature. -.-Murderous Raid by Missouri Outlaws.— Further Attempts 
 to Adjust the Railroad Loan Debt-— End of the Grasshopper Scoiu-ge.— Return 
 of " Good Times," and Rapid Growth in Prosperity. 
 
 The year 1866 was one of great financial ease. 
 The large expenditure of money by tlie govern- 
 ment, in the pay of discliarged ti'oops, bounties, 
 and various war claims, made money unusually 
 plenty. 
 
 The railroads of the State were pushed this 
 year with great vigor. By whiter, 31.5 miles were 
 in operation. Tliere was a continuous line from 
 St. Cloud, via Owatonna, to Winona, a distance 
 of 2-15 miles. These roads were an important 
 element in aiding the settlement and business 
 of the State. Pormerly the sole dependence for 
 travel and freight had been on the river, and the 
 . winter was a season of dullness and depression. 
 This was now largely changed. 
 
 At the State election m the fall of 1867, Wm. 
 R. Marshall had 31,874 votes, and Charles E. 
 riandrau 29,.502. This would indicate a popula- 
 tion of aliout 320.000, showing a heavy immigra- 
 tion during the years 1866 and 1867. At this 
 election, a negro suffrage amendment was again 
 voted on and defeated. The following year [1 868] 
 the amendment was a third time voted on, and 
 adopted; ayes, 39,493; noes, 30,121. 
 
 PROPOSED REMOVAL OF TUB CAPITAL. 
 
 At the session of the legislature in 1869, a bill 
 was introduced to remove the seat of government 
 to a spotnear Big Kandiyohi Lake. The bill was 
 at Drst regarded as a joke, and it met with small 
 opposition, passmg both houses witli little delay. 
 Gov. Marshall vetoed the measure, and an at- 
 tempt to i)ass the act over his veto, failed. 
 
 At this session, the legislature celebrated the 
 completion of an aU-rail route to the east by a 
 
 visit to Milwaukee, and to the Wisconsm legisla- 
 ture at Madison. 
 
 At the state election in the fall of 1869, Horace 
 Austin (rep.) was elected governor, by a vote of 
 27,348, over George L. Otis (dem.), who had 
 25,401. 
 
 By the census of 1870, Minnesota was found to 
 have 439,706 population. 
 
 PROPOSED ABJUSTJIEXT OF THE RAILROAD 
 BONDS. 
 
 At the session of the Legislature in 1870, an 
 act was passed submittmg to the people an 
 amendment to the constitution, providing for the 
 sale of the five hundred thousand acres of what 
 was known as the "luternal Improvement 
 Lands," and the use of the proceeds in extin- 
 guishing the state railroad loan bonds, in the fol- 
 lowing manner: Two tliousand of the bonds 
 were to be deposited with the State Land Commis- 
 sioner on or before the day of sale, by the hold- 
 ers, they agreeing to purchase with them tlie 
 lands at $8.70 per acre, etc. The amendment 
 was adopted by a popular yote, but as only 1,032 
 bonds were deposited by the owners, the measure 
 failed. 
 
 Tlie unusual low water of 1863, '64 and '65 had 
 now given way to a series of years of the oppo- 
 site extreme. In 1870 occurred gi'eat fresliets, 
 doing much damage, and the water was reported 
 " higher than for twenty years." 
 
 Railroad construction had been pushed with 
 great vigor for the last year or two. At the close 
 of 1870, there were 1,096 miles in operation, 329 
 of which were built that year. A road had been 
 completed to Lake Superior during the season, 
 thus connecting the river and lake systems, while 
 the Northern Pacific Raihoad was imder full 
 lieadway. 
 
 During 1869 and "70, much complaint was made 
 by shippers, of unjust charges by the raih'oads of
 
 158 
 
 Ol'TLIXES OF THE HISTOBY OF JIIXXESOTA. 
 
 the State. Governor Austin, in his message, 
 January, 1871, called attention to the subject 
 very pointedly. An investigation was made by a 
 legislative committee, which resulted in the en- 
 actment of a freight and passenger tariff, and the 
 creation of the office of Railroad Commissioner. 
 The tariff so fixed was disregarded by the rail- 
 roads, and in 1871, an action, as a sort of test 
 case imder that statute, was commenced by John 
 D. Blake, of Rochester, against the Winona & 
 St. Peter RaUroad, for mijust freight charges. 
 The presiding judge decided the act unconstitu- 
 tional, but the Supreme Court of the State re- 
 versed this decision, when the raih'oad company 
 appealed the case to the Supreme Court of the 
 United States. It was not imtil 1876 that a de- 
 cision was rendered, sustaining the right of legis- 
 lative control over railroad tariffs. 
 
 An act was passed by the legislature of 1S71 to 
 " Tcs!, tho validity and provide for the equitable 
 adjustment" of the State railroad bonds, by the 
 cre;.tion of a commission, to ascertain and award 
 the amount due on each. The act was voted on 
 in May following, and rejected by the people. 
 Anolher important measure passed at the same 
 ssssion, was an act dividing up the 500,000 acres 
 of Internal Improvement Land, among various 
 railroad companies. This was vetoed by Gov. 
 Austin. Two years later the constitution was 
 amended so that no act disposing of these lands, 
 should be valid, unless approved by a vote of the 
 people. 
 
 In the f aU of 1871 , destnictive fires, driven by 
 high winds, swept over a number of frontier coun- 
 ties, lasting several days, and inflictmg great 
 damage on the settlers. Ilimdreds lost their 
 houses", crops, hay, fences, etc, and several per- 
 sons were Inimed to death. During the summer, 
 many had also lost their crops by destructive hail 
 storms. Gov. Austin appealed to the people of 
 the State, by proclamation, for aid for the sirffer- 
 ers. He received in response, $11,000 in money, 
 and clothmg, provisions, etc. , worth §11 ,000 more, 
 while the next legislature appropriated S20.000 
 for the purpose of purchasing seed wheat. for 
 those who had lost their crops. 
 
 In November, 1871, Horace Austin was re- 
 elected Governor, by a vote of 45,833; over W. 
 Young, who had 30,092. 
 
 From 1870 to 1873, was a period of great infla- 
 tion and speculation. The money market was 
 imprecedentedly easy, and real estate partook of 
 the same excitement as characterized the flush 
 times of 18-56 and 1857. Railroad biuldiug was 
 carried on to a remarkable extent, and the entire 
 State was enjoying an lunisual period of material 
 progress and development. 
 
 The winter of 1872-3 was an unusually early 
 and severe one. On January 7th, 8th and 9ih, 
 1873, occuiTed an ■• Arctic Cyclone '", or •• Polar 
 "Wave "', of a violence and intensity^ never before 
 experienced in this State. The worst effects were 
 felt in the prairie region. Gov. Austin, in a spe- 
 cial message to the legislature, reported that sev- 
 enty lives were lost, thirty-one pereons suffered 
 loss of hmbs, and about three himdred cattle and 
 horses perished. The legislatiu:e voted 85,000 as 
 a reUef fund to aid sufferers. 
 
 Durmg the session of 1873, charges of corrupt 
 conduct and misdemeanors in office, were made 
 against "\Vm. Seeger, State Treasurer. On March 
 5th, the House of Representatives impeached him, 
 and the Senate, on being presented with the arti- 
 cles, appointed ^lay 20th as the date to sit as a 
 Court of Impeachment. Prior to that date. Mr. 
 Seeger resigned his office, and Gov. Austin ac- 
 cepted the resignation. "VMien the Senate met 
 on May 20th, this fact left that body uncertain 
 whether to proceed with the trial or not. On 
 May 22d, !Mr. Seeger sent in a 'mitten plea of 
 ■•guOty"" to all the charges. A resolution was 
 then adopted by the Senate, declaring that the 
 judgment of the court was. that he be removed 
 from office, and disqualified to hold and enjoy any 
 office of honor, trust or profit in this State. 
 
 On September I9th, 1873. the news was circu- 
 lated in this State, of the failure of Jay Cooke's 
 banking house in Philadelphia, occasioning a 
 financial panic. Its effects here were far dif- 
 ferent from those of the panic of 1857. There 
 was some stringency in the money market, rail- 
 road building ceased, and real estate was very 
 dull for several years, but not a bank in the State 
 closed its doors, and but few mercantile houses 
 failed. Immigration was large, good harvests 
 added annually to the wealth of the State, and 
 it advanced steadily in prosperity.
 
 PMINCIPAL EVENTS FBOM 1866 TO 1881. 
 
 159 
 
 THE GRASSHOPPER SCOURGE. 
 
 During the summer of 1873, a species of grass- 
 hopper, called the "Kocky Moimtain Locust,'' 
 made its appearance in myriads, in some of the 
 south-western comities, almost totally destroying 
 the crops. Ilundi-eds of families were feft in 
 great destitution. These facts being reported by 
 the press, an energetic movement was made in 
 the towns and cities in the eastern portion of the 
 state, to send relief to the sufferers, and large 
 quantities of clothing, provisions, medical sup- 
 plies, etc., were collected and distributed to them, 
 beside quite an amoiuit of money. 
 
 At the state election this year, Cushman K. 
 Davis was elected governor, by a vote of 40,741, 
 over Ara Barton, who had 35,245. 
 
 When the Legislature of 1874 assembled, it 
 promptly voted S5,000 for the temporary relief of 
 the frontier settlers, and on March ind, a further 
 sum of $25,000 for the purchase of seed grain. 
 With the aid thus furnished, the settlers planted 
 their crops again, but soon the ground was fairly 
 alive with young grasslioppers, hatched from eggs 
 deposited the year previous. As soon as these 
 were large enough, they laid bare the region 
 about them, then fell on other localities near by, 
 and thus destroyed the crops in a number of coun- 
 ties again. The people were once more in a 
 state of great destitution. 
 
 Gov. Davis addressed a circular to the com- 
 missioners of the counties not ravaged by the lo- 
 custs, asking them to advance money propor- 
 tioned to their property, for a relief fund. Con- 
 tributions were also solicited from the people of 
 the state. By the latter, §18,059 was raised, to- 
 gether with very large quantities of clothing and 
 provisions, and forwarded to the sufferers. Even 
 with this aid, there was much suffermg the next 
 winter. 
 
 The Legislature of 1875, immediately on as- 
 sembUng, appropriated S20,000 for immediate 
 relief, and later in the session, $75,000 for the 
 purchase of seed grain. Only $49,000 of this was 
 used. The farmers agam planted their crops, in 
 hope, but early in the summer they were, for a 
 third time, destroyed. The situation now became 
 serious. All the state was beginning to feel the 
 effects of this calamity, though the portions yet 
 ludiarmed kept up an active collection and for- 
 
 warding of supplies for the destitute. Without 
 this benevolent work, the suffering would have 
 been severe. 
 
 By the state census this year, the population 
 of Minnesota was found to be 597,407. At the 
 state election, John S. Pillsbury was elected Gov- 
 ernor, by a vote of 47,073, over D. L. Buell, who 
 had 35,275. 
 
 The season of 1876 saw the grasshopper devas- 
 tations repeated, and over a larger area than be- 
 fore. The crops were more or less a failure, 
 and again an appeal was made to the benevolent 
 people of the rest of the State for aid, which was 
 liberally and cheerfully responded to. 
 
 On September 6th, a daring crime was perpe- 
 trated at Northfield. A band of eight outlaws 
 from Missouri, attacked the National bank in 
 that town, with the intention of robbing it. The 
 cashier and another citizen were fehot dead, and 
 two of the robbers killed \rj persons who hastily 
 armed themselves. The rest of the desperadoes 
 fled, 5ind, after a chase of several days, four of 
 them were surrounded in a thicket in Watonwan 
 county, where one was kUIed, and thr:e taken 
 prisoners. The latter, who were brothers named 
 Younger, plead guilty of murder, and were sent 
 to the State's Prison for life. 
 
 The legislature of 1877 prepared an amend- 
 ment to the constitution, pro\itling for biennial 
 sessions of that body, and the amendment was 
 adopted by the people at the fall election. 
 
 Five acts were passed at tlie same session, re- 
 lating to the grasshopper scourge. One of these 
 appropriated $100,000 for bounties to pay for the 
 destruction of grasshoppers and their eggs. [This 
 was never put into effect.] A State loan, to raise 
 the money therefor, was also authorized. In ad- 
 dition, townships or villages were authorized to 
 levy a tax to pay similar boinities. Tlic sum of 
 $75,000 was also appropriated to purchase seed 
 grain for those who had lost their crops, and 
 $5,000 was voted for a special relief fund. 
 
 At the same session was passed an act provid- 
 ing for the redemption of the State railroad 
 bonds, by giving for each outstanding bond sur- 
 rendered, a new bond for $1,750, at 6 per cent. 
 interest. Tlie amendment was defeated at an 
 election held on June 12th. 
 
 Early in the summer [1877] the grasshoppers 
 appeared in myiiads again, and began devouring
 
 160 
 
 OUTLINES OF THE HISTOBY OF JflNNESOTA. 
 
 tlie crops. The farmers endeavored to destroy 
 them by fires, ditching,' and catching them in 
 pans smeared with tar. | A day of fasting and 
 prayer for riddance from the calamity, was ap- 
 pointed by the CJovernor, and generally observed 
 throughout the State, f Soon after this, the grass- 
 hoppers disappeared, and a partial harvest was 
 secured in the region formerly afflicted by them. 
 For five successive seasons, the farmers in that 
 district had lost their crops, more or less entirely. 
 
 In the fall of 1877, Gov. Pillsbui-y was re- 
 elected Governor, receiving 57,071 votes, over 
 \Vm. L. Bamiiug, who received 39,11:7. 
 
 The legislature of 1878, appropriated $150,000 
 to purchase seed grain for destitute settlers, the 
 amoimts issued, to such, to be repaid by them. 
 Over six thousand persons, in thirty-four counties, 
 received loans imder this act, enough to jtlant 
 223,727 acres. Itlost of these loans were repaid. 
 
 At the same session an act was passed, propo- 
 sing a constitutional amendment, offering to the 
 holders of State railroad bonds. Internal Improve- 
 ment Lauds, in exchange for such bonds. The 
 
 amendment was rejected by the people at the 
 next election. 
 
 ? During the year 1878, railroad extension, which 
 had been almost suspended for four years, was 
 renewed again with much vigor, and the mate- 
 rial progress of the State was very marked, the 
 western counties, especially, developing rapidly. 
 
 At the election in 1879, John S. Pillsbury was 
 re-elected Governor for a third term, by a vote of 
 57,471, over Edmund Eice, who had 42,144, and 
 other candidates, who received 6,401. 
 
 On Jfovember 1.5th, 1880, the Ho-pital for the 
 Insane, at St. Peter, was partially destroyed by 
 fire, and twenty-seven of the patients lost their 
 lives, by burning, or in consequence of exposure 
 and fright. 
 
 The census of 1880, showed a population in 
 ilinnesota, of 780,082. The assessors' returns 
 give a valuation of real and personal property, of 
 $268,277,874. These figures show a proud and 
 gratifying condition of growth and prosperity in 
 the short space of thirty-one years, since Minne- 
 sota began its political existence.
 
 FORT SNELLTNG. 
 
 CHAPTER XXX. 
 
 FOKT SNELLING. 
 
 A Plain Post— Its Associations— Situation— Channel of Mississi(ipi— Recent Im- 
 provements — Department ol Dakota — Department Headquartprs — Lieut. 
 Douglas' Report — Purchase of Reserve— Purpose of Fort— Building— Hani- 
 ships— Saw Mill— Wanie— Squatters— Pike Island— Reduction of 1853— Sale to 
 Mr- Steele-Re-entry by U, S.— Reduction ot 1862— Claim of Mr. Steele— Re- 
 duction of 1870- New Buildings— General Description. 
 
 If a visitor expects to see a stone fortification, 
 bristling with cannon and prepared for defense 
 against intruders by land or water, he will 
 be disappointed in Fort Snelling. If, on the 
 other hand, he anticipates a pile of ruins over- 
 grown with ivy, the remains of former greatness 
 and strengtli, he will find himself as iniich 
 deceived hi that direction. No mark of cannon- 
 ball or even musket shot exists. The fort has 
 never sustained an attack. Some old Iniildings. 
 it is true, are disused and look sadly fiirsakeii, 
 their places being supplied by new and more 
 modern structures, still it would require sfinie 
 stretch of the imagination to construe them in- 
 to ruins. One of the officers, however, jokingly 
 suggested that ivy be planted around the tower 
 that in old time guarded the main entrance, 
 pierced for two tiers of musketry, and a ruin 
 be made of it. This was a valuable suggestion, 
 as in its present condition it performs no useful 
 purpose and is an eye-sore to the visitor. Tlius 
 we see that the fort fails to attract, either by 
 its military freshness or by a ruinous condition. 
 It is simply a plain military post witlwut dis- 
 play. It has, however, served a purpose, and 
 is now the historical landmark for the State and 
 the Northwest. Here was the first settlement. 
 the first liirth, first marriage and first death. 
 Here was organized the first church, here was 
 the first farming, first milling and first enter- 
 prise of every kind. Around Fort Snelling clus- 
 ter all the early associations of the State. What 
 matters it, if it has been a means of fraud on the 
 
 national resources and a continual charge to the 
 U 
 
 government V Had the paltry dollars been kept 
 back, much would have been lost and the comitry 
 made poorer not richer. As the skillful general 
 in the hour of battle wastes amminiition, pro- 
 perty of all kinds and even lives of men that in 
 a less critical hour he would cherish, to accom- 
 plish a result superior in importance to money or 
 lives, so the government is often compelled to 
 submit to much waste to achieve great ends. 
 The fort stands on tlie bluffs of the Mississippi, 
 whose pure white sandstone affords a strong con- 
 trast to the dark water below, as well as to the 
 green banks above. The wide gorge through 
 which the Father of Waters brings down the 
 fliiods of tlie Nortli is here greatly increased in 
 width, after receiving the waters of its confluent 
 the Minnesota. Geologists tell us that once the 
 Minnesota was the larger river, and that the ilis- 
 sissippi was its trilnitary. They tell us, too, that 
 the Mississippi once traversed a different course, 
 leaving its present channel at the mouth of Bas- 
 setfs Creek and, takhig a route through tlie 
 Lakes Calhoun and Harriet, flowed into the Min- 
 nesota at some point between Shakopee and the 
 fort. No historian, however, can confirm the 
 testimony of the rocks, and the old fort cannot 
 reach back far enough to aid in the research. 
 We are indebted to the politeness of Colonel 
 John Gibbon, tlie officer in command, and to 
 .idjutaut Harding for the following history of 
 the fort, prepared by S. R. Douglas, 2nd Lieut. 
 7th Infantry. Tliis will give the facts of tlie 
 fort as it wa«, and as it is. except the improve- 
 ments of the past year. The improvements con- 
 sist of a bakery, a commissary store house and a 
 stable, added at a cost of about SOOOO. It will be 
 necessary for us, however, t<i notice some im- 
 provements lately made in the reservation, in 
 
 consequence of the establishment of the head- 
 
 (Kil)
 
 162 
 
 FORT SySLLING. 
 
 quarters of the " Department of Dakota "" at this 
 point. 
 
 The " Department of Dakota" was created Aug. 
 11th. 1866. out of the departments of the Missouri 
 and Platte, and Brevet Major tTeneral Alfred H. 
 Terry assigned to command. May 18th, 1869, 
 General Terry was succeeded liy Major General 
 "Winfield 8. Hancock. Decemlier 3d. 1872. tlie 
 latter was succeeded 1),\ Brevet Major General, 
 now Brigadier General. Alfred 11. Terry. 
 
 The l^epartment of Dakota now includes the 
 Territories of Montana and Dakota, and the State 
 of Minnesota. The object of the department is to 
 facilitate the movement of troops, the distrilnition 
 of supplies, etc., etc. The troops in this depart- 
 ment are the Second and Seventh cavalry. Third, 
 Fifth, Seventh. Eleventh, Seventeenth, Eigh- 
 teenth and Twenty-fifth infantry. The head- 
 quarters have been located at St. I'aul since the 
 creation of the department, with the exception of 
 a short time when they were located at Fort 
 Snelling. During the year past, extensive build- 
 ings have been erected on the Fort Suelliiig res- 
 ervation with a view to the establishment of the 
 headquarters of this department there, near the 
 military post. These improvements are still in 
 progress, and. when complete, will add greatly to 
 the beauty and usefulness of the reservation. 
 Fourteen buildings built of cream colored brick, 
 are nearly complete, and present a fine appear- 
 ance. They differ hi architectiu'e and are large 
 and elaborate. The headquarters building is a 
 handsome structure. 
 
 . So much has been said and is still to be said in 
 this history in reference to F^ort Snelling. that it 
 has been thought best to insert the followmg re- 
 port of the fort : 
 
 Fort Sn'ellixg, Mixx.. / 
 December 4th, 1879. ( 
 
 Tf) the Post Adjutant, Fort Snelling. Minn. 
 
 Sir: — Pursuant to instructions from the com- 
 manding officer. Fort Snelling. Minn.. I have the 
 honor to submit the following report, viz: In 
 180-5, Lieutenant Zebulon Montgomery Pike. V. 
 S. Army, was sent out to explore the upper Missis- 
 sippi river, to expel British traders who might be 
 found violating United States laws, and to make 
 treaties with the Indians. 
 
 On the 21st of September, 1S05, he encamped 
 
 on what is now known as Pike Island, at the 
 junction of the Mississippi and Minnesota, (then 
 St. Peters) rivei-s. Two days after, he obtained 
 by treat> \\ith the Sioux Nation, a tract of land 
 for a military reservation, which was ' described 
 as follows : "From below the confluence of the 
 Mississippi and St. Peter, up the Mississippi to 
 include the Falls of St. Anthony, extending nine 
 miles on each side of the river." By this treaty, 
 as ratified by the Senate, the United States stip- 
 ulated to pay two thousand dollars |S2. 0(101 for 
 the lands thus ceded. 
 
 The reserve, thus purchased, by Lieutenant 
 Pike, was not used for military purposes until 
 February 10th. 1819, at which time, to cause the 
 power of the United States government to be 
 fully acknowledged by the Indians and .settlei's 
 of the Xorthwest. to prevent Lord Selkirk, the 
 Hudson Bay Company and others, frcmi establish- 
 ing trading posts ou United States territory, to 
 better the condition of the Indians, and to de- 
 velop the resources of the country, it was thought 
 expedient to establish a military post near the 
 junction of the Mississippi and the St. Peters. 
 Accordingly part of the oth V. S. Infantry, com- 
 manded by Lieutenant Colonel Henry Leaven- 
 worth . was despatched to select a site and erect 
 a post. They arrived at the St. Peters in Sep- 
 tember (1819) and went into cantoimient on the 
 south side of it, near where the town of Mendota 
 now stands. 
 
 The first monthly report was rendered for Sep- 
 tember. 1819. During the ensuing winter (1819-20) 
 scurvy raged amongst the troops, referring to 
 which. General H. H. Sibley, in his address before 
 the Minnesota Historical Society, says : "So sud- 
 den was the attack, that soldiers apparently 
 in good health when they retired at night, were 
 foinid dead in the mornmg. One man who was 
 relieved from his tour of sentinel duty, and 
 stretched himself upon a bench, when he was 
 called four hours after, to resume his duties, was 
 found lifeless." In May, 1820. the command left 
 their cantonment, crossed the St. Peters, and 
 went into summer camp at a spring, near the 
 old Baker trading house, and aliout two miles 
 above the present site of Fort Snelling. This 
 was called "Camp Cold Water." During the 
 summer the men were busily engaged in procur- 
 ing logs and other necessary materials for the
 
 REDUCTION AND SALE. 
 
 163 
 
 work. All preparations were being made to com- 
 mence building the new post, which was called 
 "Fort St. Anthony;'' the site selected being that 
 of the present military cemetery. But in August, 
 1820, Colonel Josiah Snelling, 5th U. S. Infantry, 
 having arrived and assumed command, selected 
 the site where Fort Snelling now stands. 
 
 W'ork steadily progressed, the troops perform- 
 ing the labor, and on September 10th, 1820, the 
 corner stone of Fort St. Anthony was laid with 
 due ceremony. 
 
 During the following winter (1820-"21), the 
 buildings of the new post not being habitable, 
 the troops were quartered in the cantonment of 
 the preceding winter. 
 
 The first measured distance between Fort St. 
 Anthony and Fort Crawford (Prairie du Chien), 
 was taken in February, 1822, and was given as 
 two hundred and four miles. 
 
 Work on the post was pushed forward with all 
 possible speed. The buildings were made of logs, 
 and first occupied in October, 1822. 
 
 The first steamboat, the Virginia, arrived at 
 the post in 1823. 
 
 A saw-mill was built, the first in Minnesota, 
 by troops from the post, in 1822, and the first 
 lumber ever sawed on Rum River, was for use in 
 the construction of the fort. Minneapolis now 
 includes the mill-site. 
 
 The post continued to be called Fort St. An- 
 thony >mtil 1824, when, upon the recommendation 
 of General Scott, U. S. A., who inspected the 
 fort, it was named Fort Snelling, in honor of its 
 founder. 
 
 In 1830 stone buildings were erected for a four 
 company infantry post, also a stone hospital and 
 a stone \\all nine feet high surrounding the post. 
 These buildings were not actually completed, 
 however, until after the Mexican War. 
 
 Notwithstanding the treaty made by Lieuten- 
 ant Pike, the Indian title to the Fort Snelling 
 Reservation, did not cease until the treaty of 1837, 
 which was ratified by the Senate in 1838. and by 
 which the Indian claim to all lands east of the 
 Mississippi, including said reservation, ceased. 
 
 In 1836, before the Indian title ceased, many 
 settlers located on the reservation, on the left 
 bank of the Mississippi. 
 
 On October 21st, 1839, the President of the 
 United States issued an order, by virtue of the 
 
 act of March 8d, 1807, " An act to prevent settle- 
 ments being made on lands ceded to the United 
 States, until authorized by law," directing the 
 United States Marshal to remove squatters from 
 the Fort Snelling reserve, and if necessary, to call 
 on the commanding officer at Fort Snelling for 
 troops to assist him in executing his order. Ac- 
 cordingly, on the 6th of May, 1840, a few of these 
 settlers, having received the necessary notice, 
 were forcibly removed by the Marshal, assisted 
 by IT. S. troops from the fort. 
 
 In 1837, Mr. Faribault presented a claim for 
 Pike Island, part of the reservation purchased by 
 Lieutenant Pike, in 1805. This claim was based 
 on a treaty made by him with the Dakotas in 
 1820. 
 
 A military reservation of seven thousand acres, 
 at Fort Snelling, Minnesota, was set aside by the 
 President, on May 25th, 1853, In November fol- 
 lowing, the President amended his act of May 
 25th, and reduced the reservation to about six 
 thousand acres. 
 
 The first map of the Fort Snelling reserve was 
 made by 1st Lieutenant James W. Abert, Corps 
 Engineer, in October, 1853. 
 
 Pursuant to the act of March 3d, 1857, which 
 extended the provisions of the act of March 19th, 
 1819, authorizing the sale of certain military sites, 
 the Secretary of War sold the Fort Snelling 
 reserve, excepting two small tracts, to Mr. Frank- 
 lin Steele. 
 
 The articles of agreement between the board 
 appointed for the purpose on the part of the 
 United States, and Mr. Steele, were dated June 
 6th, 1857, and were approved on the second day 
 of July following. The reservation and build- 
 ings thereon were sold for ninety thousand dol- 
 lars, one-third to be paid on July 10th, 1857, and 
 the balance in two equal yearly installments. 
 The first payment (§30.000) was actually made, 
 July 25th, 1857, on which date Mr. Steele, in pur- 
 suance of military authority, took possession of 
 '. said property. The troops were withdrawn from 
 the post previous to Mr. Steele's occupancy there- 
 of. Mr. Steele having made default in the two 
 remaining payments, the United States entered 
 into possession and occupancy of the reservation 
 and post, on April 23d, 1861. 
 
 By act of August 26th, 1862, the Fort Snelling 
 reservation was reduced and defined as follows :
 
 164 
 
 FOBT SJS^ELLING. 
 
 ■' Beginning at tlie middle of the channel of the 
 Mississippi ISiver below Pike's Island : theme 
 ascending along the channel of said river in such 
 direction as to include all the islands of the 
 river to the mouth of IJrown's Creek ; thence up 
 said creek to Kice Lake ; thence through the 
 middle of Rice Lake to the outlet of Lake Ame- 
 lia ; thence through said outlet and the middle 
 of Lake Amelia to the outlet of Mother Lake ; 
 thence through said outlet and the middle of 
 Mother Lake to the outlet of Duck Lake ; thence 
 through said outlet and the middle of Duck Lake 
 to the southern extremity of Duck Lake; thence 
 in a line due south to the middle of channel of 
 the St. Peter's River; thence down said river so 
 as to include all the islands to the middle of the 
 channel of the Mississippi River; reservhig fur- 
 ther, for military purposes, a quarter section on 
 the right bank of the St. Peter's River, at the 
 present ferry, and also a quarter section on the 
 left bank of the Mississippi River, at the present 
 ferry across that stream." 
 
 ^Ir. Steele presented, on February tith. 1868, a 
 claim against the United States government for 
 the possession and occupancy by U. S. troops, of 
 said post and reservation ; which claim exceeded 
 in amount the original jiurchase with interest. 
 
 By act of May 7th. 1S70. the Secretary of "War 
 was authorized " To select and set apart for a 
 permanent military post, so much of the military 
 reservation of Fort Snelling, not less than one 
 thousand acres, as the piiblic interest may require 
 for that purpose, and to quiet the title to said 
 reservation, and to settle all claims in relation 
 thereto, and for the use and occupation thereof, 
 upon principles " of equity." In pursuance of 
 which act, the Secretary of War set apart for a 
 permanent tuilitary reservation tifteen hundred 
 and thirty-one aiid twenty hundredths acres, de- 
 fined as follows : 
 
 '■Beginning at a point where the south line of 
 the northeast quarter of the northeast quarter of 
 section thirty-two, township twenty-eight north, 
 of range twenty-three west of the fourth jirinciiial 
 meridian, intersects the middle of the main chan- 
 iiel of the ^Sliiniesota River ; thence west to the 
 southwest corner of the northwest quarter of sec- 
 tion thirty-two. town and range aforesaid ; thence 
 north to the northwest corner of section twenty, 
 town and range aforesaid ; thence east to middle 
 
 of the main channel of the Mississippi River; 
 thence along the nuiin channel of the Mississippi 
 River and the confluence of the ilississippi and 
 2*Iinnesota rivers at the head of Pike Island and 
 the middle of the ^linnesota River, to the place 
 of beginning, including the officers" quarters. l)ar- 
 racks, &c." 
 
 A reserve of ten acres granted by the I'nited 
 States to the Catholic Church at Mendota for a 
 cemetery, was also reserved. Mr. Steele executed 
 full release of all claim whatsoever to this prop- 
 erty, and for the use or ocoqiatiou of all property 
 sold to him per agreement dated June 6th, 1S57; 
 in consideration of which, the United States re- 
 leased Mr. Steele from all indebtedness on the 
 purchase made by him. and granted and con- 
 veyed to him the remainder of the so-called Fort 
 Snelling reservation! excepting one small tract), 
 which is defuied as follows ; 
 
 '• All of sections nineteen, thirty and thirty- 
 one, and all that part of section eigiiteen lying 
 south of Minnehaha Creek, and all that part of 
 section seventeen lying south of ilinnehaha 
 Creek and west of the ^klississippi l^iver; all that 
 portion of section twenty, lying east of the main 
 chaimel of the Mississippi River, including the 
 islands east of said main channel, and the south- 
 west quarter of the northwest quarter, and all 
 that portion of the southwest quarter and of the 
 northwest quarter of the southeast quarter of sec- 
 tion twenty-one which lies east or northeast of 
 the main channel of the IMississippi River, and 
 all those portions of sections twenty-one, twenty- 
 two and twenty-eight lying on Pike's Island (so- 
 called) behig the entire island, and all that other 
 portion of section twenty-eight which lies east 
 and south of the Minnesota River, except twenty 
 acres, being the south half of the southeast quar- 
 ter of the ni)rtheast quarter of said section, the 
 same being reserved for a Catholic Church and 
 burial ground, where the church and burial 
 ground now are : all that portion of the south 
 half and of the south half of the north half 
 of section thirt>-two which lies west or north- 
 west of the Minnesota River; all the above 
 described lands being in township twenty-eight 
 north, of range twenty-three west of the fourth 
 principal meridian. Also all that portion of sec- 
 tion thirteen lying south of Minncliaha and Rice 
 Lake and east of the creek running between said
 
 KEW BUILDINGS AND DESCRIPTION. 
 
 165 
 
 Eice Lake and Lake Amelia and east of said 
 Lake Amelia, and all land in section twelve that 
 may be included in said Ijoundaries. All of sec- 
 tion twenty-four lying east of the western bound- 
 ary of said reservation (-'reserve selected") and 
 any portion of section twenty-three that lies east 
 of the creek joining Mother Lake and Lake Ame- 
 lia, and the east half of section twenty-five and 
 the east half of section thirty-six, all in town- 
 ship twenty-eight north, of range twenty-four 
 west of the fourth meridian. Also all that por- 
 tion of section five which lies west or nortliwest 
 of the ^Minnesota River; all of section six; all 
 that portion of section seven which lies north of 
 the Minnesota River, and all those portions of 
 section eiglit and eighteen which lie west and 
 north of the Minnesota River; all in township 
 twenty-seven north, of range twenty-three west. 
 
 Also the east half of section one, and the east 
 half of section twelve, and all that jiortion of the 
 east half of section thirteen which lies north and 
 east of the Minnesota River; all in' township 
 twenty-seven north, of range twenty-four west. 
 
 The action of the Secretary of War in selecting 
 said reservation and buildings and conveying the 
 above specified lands to ]\Ir. Steele, was appi-o\ed 
 by the President on January 4th, 1S71. 
 
 A stone prison was erected during the war of 
 tlie rebellion, which is now used as a commissary 
 storehouse. 
 
 The old stone hospital is now used for offices 
 and laundress' quarters. The new hospital is 
 just completed. 
 
 Fort Snelling is situated on a high bluff on the 
 right bank of the Mississippi, in latitude 44 deg. 
 52 min. 46 sec. nortli. and longitude 93 deg. 4 min. 
 54 sec. west. It is an irregular shaped bastioned { 
 redoubt. 
 
 A wagon road rmis entirely around the post, 
 and is eight feet below the parade at the gorge, 
 but gradually arrives on the same level at the 
 shoulder angle. 
 
 The old post is almost enclosed by five Imild- 
 ings, and in form is nearly a rhombus, with a 
 tower at each angle. 
 
 A new two-story barracks for six companies of 
 infantry and sixteen sets of officers" quarters, 
 was built durhig 1878. The east tower, stone 
 wall, and old guard house, have been torn down. 
 
 The commanding officer's quarters have been re- 
 modeled during the current year. 
 
 The water is obtained from a spring about 
 three-quarters of a mile from the post, by means 
 of water wagons. Water is also obtained from 
 the Minnesota River, being forced through pipes 
 by an engine, into a large tank on the west side 
 of the parade ground, but the water thus obtained 
 is unfit for drinking purposes. During extreme 
 cold weather the water pipes freeze up, rendering 
 it impossible to refill the tank except during the 
 open weather. 
 
 There is a post-oflSce, a telegraph office and a 
 railroad station at the post. 
 ********** 
 
 The nearest supply depots are at St. Paul, four 
 miles distant from the post, by wagon road, and 
 six miles by railroad. A bridge is building across 
 the Mississippi River at the post. 
 
 Forage and fuel are obtained by contract. The 
 post and company garden supply vegetables for 
 the garrison. 
 
 The armament consists of two three-inch rifled 
 cannon, with carriages, model of 1861. The 
 present strength of the garrison is sixteen com- 
 missioned officers and three luuidred and fourteen 
 enlisted men. 
 
 It is impossible to obtain from the records of 
 the post, the various expenditures for barracks 
 and quarters, and repairs of same, for any definite 
 period. All that I have been able to obtain is 
 that thirty-five thousand dollars (S35,000) was 
 appropriated for barracks and quarters in 1878. 
 It is presumed, however, tliat the required in- 
 formation can be obtained at the Quartermaster 
 ftenerars office. The work, practically, (with 
 few exceptions), has been performed by the labor 
 of the ti-oops, and the cost to the Government 
 cannot be correctly estimated. 
 
 A site has been selected on the Fort Snelling 
 reservation nimu which to erect buildings for the 
 Headquarters of the Department. 
 
 The records of the post are very incomplete. 
 It seems, from all attainable evidence, that the 
 records were removed in 1857, when the troops 
 were withdrawn, and have not been returned. 
 It further appears that these records had not been 
 received by the Adjutant (ieneral of the army 
 prior to July 18th, 1866. The last Board of 
 Officers appointed to investigate claims on the
 
 166 
 
 FOBT nyELLIXO. 
 
 Fort Snelling resen'ation met pursuant to S. O. 
 No. 278 A. G. O. dated October 17tb, 1870. I 
 have been unable to find any general order re- 
 ferring to the reservation of 1853 or 1862. or re- 
 ferring to lands sold in 1857 and 1870. 
 
 The reservation of 1870 was announced in 
 (ieneral Order No. 66. Adjutant GeneraFs office 
 of that year, and was firet surveyed by Captain 
 D. P. Heap. Corps of Engiueei-s. on April 13th, 
 
 1871. A new line for the southern boundary was 
 run by First Lieutenant Edward Maguire, Corps 
 of Engineers, on May 7th, 1877. 
 
 I respectfully submit the foregoing, believing 
 it will cover a few of the points required. 
 
 I am. Sir, Very Respectfully Your obedient 
 Servant, S. K. Doi'glas. 
 
 Second Lieut. 7th Infantrv.
 
 H I S "J" O R y 
 
 HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 CHAPTEE XXXI. 
 
 INTRODUCTION — 3I0UNDS — INDIANS— EARLY 
 MISSIONARIES — VOYAGEUHS— EARLY EXPLO- 
 RERS—MISSIONARIES — ONE OF THE INDIAN 
 BATTLES — NEW MISSIONARIES. 
 
 When Livy wrote the history of Home, lie was 
 compelled to admit that facts and fiction had 
 become so intermingled that it was impossible to 
 distinguish the one from the other. The legends 
 of the past were such a mixture of facts, mytho- 
 logical superstitions and wild fancies that it was 
 a relief to reach the restful word "constat" (it is 
 admitted), and Ihid that there was simie ground 
 ujion which all agreed and could stand witli firm 
 feet. 
 
 Though tlie settlement of Hennepin county 
 was not determined by the flight of birds, and 
 though there was no barbarous uncle or remark- 
 able infants, Romulus and Remus, still there are 
 always, in the growth and settlement of any 
 country, fancies and superstitions that take the 
 form of traditions and bewilder the wisest heads. 
 The machinery of the shrewdest Yankee can 
 never so completely separate a mixture of wheat, 
 cockle and pigeon grass that it can be said— here 
 we have now collected all the wheat, here all the 
 cockle and here all the pigeon grass. The liistor- 
 ian who delays his separating process until after 
 harvest, must have a like experience and will find 
 many a kernel of cockle among his wheat. By 
 beginning thus early, before the first settlers have 
 passed away, we must have a decided advantage 
 over historians who grope among the rubbish of 
 the past, sifting and screening to get the grains 
 of fact as pure as possible. We can talk to-day 
 
 with eye witnesses of the scenes we describe and 
 hope thus to collect and preserve in almost unal- 
 loyed purity the treasures of history. 
 
 It must not be supposed, however, that the 
 compilation necessary to furnish a history, such 
 as is here proposed, is an easy task. Though the 
 files of ''the Pi'ess" afford a valuable thesaurus 
 of hiformation, still many choice items have 
 never found their way to the columns of the 
 newspaper and are accidentally unearthed by the 
 historical explorer as he pokes about, as little 
 noticed by the busy citizen as the ragpicker, who 
 with sack and hook is exploring the ash barrel in 
 the rear of the merchants" store. Out of a vast 
 amount of material gatliered by the persistent 
 efforts of these collectors, we purpose to furnish 
 to the public such part as ought to be kept in 
 mind by the present and future inliabitants of 
 this county, and besides furnish entertainment to 
 those who would simply while away an hour 
 among the interesting things of the past, com- 
 paring the old with the new. 
 
 MOUNDS. 
 
 Although we are enabled to furnish facts that 
 cannot be questioned in reference to the settle- 
 ment of Ileimepin county by white men. still 
 there are, even in this new country, many old 
 things and many mysteries that can never be ex- 
 plained—mounds built by a people whom we can 
 never know, whose history can never be com- 
 mitted to paper. There are many mounds in this 
 county and we here give them a passmg notice. 
 
 Archaeologists have divided mounds into tlie 
 following classes: " Altar or Sacrificial Moiuids,"' 
 "Mounds of Sepulture" (or burial), "Temple 
 Mounds," and '-Mounds of Observation," Be-
 
 1(58 
 
 HISTORY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 sides these the>' have found moiiuds that do not 
 a(hnit of classitication under any of these heads — 
 mounds of curious shapes, having such forms as 
 defy conjecture as to their use. 
 
 These wise heads have spent much time ui con- 
 jecture, and much in measurement, with mathe- 
 matical instruments, to determine data tliat w ill 
 suit their fanciful theories. 
 
 It is not our pm'pose in this pajier to discuss 
 the antiquity of these mounds, or to speculate on 
 their character. Little attention has been paid 
 to the ver\ numerous mounds found in the 
 county. It may be safe, however, to class them 
 all. at a venture, mider the head of ilounds of 
 Sepulture. The investigations made have re- 
 vealed little except bones, and the evidence of 
 great antiquity is not very clear. 
 
 This method of burial was certainly in use in 
 recent times among our Indian triljes. Jonathan 
 Carver, in a letter found in this volume, speaks 
 of visithig a mound near St. Paul, in 1767. and 
 witnessing the Indian burial. The custom of this 
 imaginative people was to place the bodies of 
 their dead upon high stagings, overlooking lakes, 
 rivers or beautiful scfnery. which the\ woidd 
 enjoy if living, and leave them there, until at 
 certain intervals, they collected the remains for 
 burial in the mounds. Mounds in this count\ 
 are found overlooking the water of all the princi- 
 pal lakes and rivers scattered through its various 
 townships. As we can never write the history 
 of the builders, we will leave the subject tofutme 
 explorers and more fertile imaginations. 
 
 IXDI.\XS. 
 
 After the Mound Builders come the Indians 
 in the occupation of the county. If, as has been 
 claimed, the Mound Builders were the Indians, 
 they must have been earlier settlers of tribes now 
 extinct or driven further south. The present 
 tribes of Indians, at least, come after the Mound 
 Builders. The fanciful names, wild natures and 
 curious legends of this people, will always be 
 associated with much that is poetic, grand and 
 brave. 
 
 The early settlers of ilinnesota. however, will 
 hold the Indian in execration, and so. too, their 
 children's children for many generations, in con- 
 sequence of the massacre of 1862. AVe must, 
 liowever, refer the reader to the chapters, " Habits 
 
 I of the Tribes" and -.Massacre of 1862 
 I earlier in the volume. 
 
 found 
 
 E.\RLY MISSIOX.VRIES. 
 
 It must be left to the imagination of the reader 
 i to picture many of the hazardous experiences 
 I and narrow escapes of the early missionaries, 
 which can never be written. Their motto. •• Ad 
 ^ majorem dei (jloriani ". often exposed them to the 
 tomahawk and scalping knife of the Indian, or to 
 hardships and exposures under which they could 
 but die. The indefatigable explorer is still find- 
 ing new facts to add to the already rich store. 
 
 I voY.-^GErus. 
 
 Agaui fancy may run riot among the stories of 
 the ■■Yoyageurs" who. making the love of adven- 
 ture their highway to happiness, spent weeks and 
 months in dalliance witli Indian maidens. Facts 
 ; in regard to these adventures are coming to the 
 I knowledge of the explorer among the curious 
 things of the past. Fancy need not be very wild 
 that discovers, on the streets of our great cities, 
 I half-breeds, bearing unmistakable marks of noble 
 parentage. The fact that Frenchmen . frequently 
 descendants from noble families, but of liroken 
 fortunes, cohabited with the Dakota squaws, rais- 
 ing up sometimes large families, is freely admitted. 
 These half breeds, while in many instances 
 bearing the impress of nobility in countenances, 
 having the high cheek bones and coarse hair of 
 the natives, were often much more reckless than 
 their sires. For. we are assured, that their adven- 
 turous sires frequently solemnized by a veritable 
 marriage, contracts midertaken at first for the 
 diversion of an hour. Their consciences, how- 
 ever, were rather elastic, for the existence of such 
 marriages in their wanderings, seems not to have 
 interfered with others, contracted at home, or 
 with new ones entered into for convenience or 
 diversion at some new camp. 
 
 The progeny belonged neither to the one race 
 nor the other, and since they could not be ac- 
 knowledged, cared for and educated by the 
 enlightened partner to the contract without ex- 
 posing him to shame, were left to become breeders 
 of strife and contention among the tribes. This 
 is one of the evils that proves that "The effect of 
 contact of the simple minded savage with the 
 deeper and higher life of the intruder is fraught 
 with danger to both."
 
 EXl'LOKEliN AyV MISSIOyAHIES. 
 
 169 
 
 EARLY EXPLORERS. 
 
 Fatlier Louis Hennepin, born in Inlanders, in 
 1640, liefame a missionary to Canada, in 1670. He 
 accompanied La Salle in his exploration of the 
 great lakes, the upper Mississippi and its tribu- 
 taries. His " Description de la Louisane" pub- 
 lislied in 1688. and a similar work published in 
 1697. are said to do more credit to Ids imagination 
 tlian to his priestly character. In spite of tlie 
 claim tliat tliey contain many falsities, both pub- 
 lications are esteemed by las supjjorters and 
 the traducers of his veracity. In 1680, he dis- 
 covered the Falls of St. Antliony, but robbed 
 them of a beautiful Indian name. " Kakabika 
 Irara," (severed rock, curling water) and sul)sti- 
 tuted the name of his patron saint. Le Sueur 
 and Faribault were also distinguished explorers 
 coming soon after Fatlier Hennepin. Next comes 
 Captain Jolm Dtduth, in 1760, also Nicollet. 
 Schoolcraft, Catlin and Featherstonhaugh. Ac- 
 counts of these explorers will be found in another 
 part of the work. They were valual)le contril)u- 
 tors to the information of their day and also 
 contributed to the growth of the territory and 
 subsequently, of the State by their glowing de- 
 scriptions of its resources and healtlifid climate. 
 
 Jonatlian Carver, in 1767, exhibited liere, what 
 many a genuine Yankee has done elsewhere, good 
 speculating qualities. He was tlie tir.st of tlie 
 numerous land speculators. He roamed about 
 much with a keen eye to the main chance, while 
 he at the same time took in the scenery, tlie fu- 
 ture probabilities, and ventured various prophe- 
 cies for the future of the state, predicting that 
 wliat is now St. Paul would soon liave eastern 
 and western communication. His notes and de- 
 scriptions are valuable. 
 
 3IISSI0N.\R1ES. 
 
 Passing over the experiences of tlie earliest 
 missionaries, French .Jesuits — of whom sufficient 
 notice will lie found in the preceding early liistory 
 of Minnesota, by Rev. E. L). Neill— we shall no- 
 tice briefly the missionaries wlio, though late, 
 compared with Father Hemiepin and the Jesuit 
 missionaries accompanying the traders and voya- 
 genrs, are really early in the progress and settle- 
 ment of the county. In a manuscript found at 
 Fort Ridgely, and only partially preserved, writ- 
 ten by James W. Lynde, one of tlie first victims 
 
 of the Indian massacre of 1862, are found these 
 words in regard to tlie missionary work; " It has 
 been," says Mr. Lynde. '■ a ceasless and untiring 
 effort to promote their welfare "; also. ■' The in- 
 i fluence of the mission among the Uakotas has 
 ever been of a direct and energetic character. 
 Tlie first efforts of the mission were directed 
 more to the christianizing than to the civilizing 
 of the Sioux ; but of late the missionaries, though 
 their exertions in the former respect are not at 
 all abated, have been more earnest in their en- 
 deavors to teach the Indians to plant and till." 
 Mr. Riggs, however, in commenting on this pas- 
 sage, claims that the fruits of the teaching began 
 to show in later years, but tliat the Bible car- 
 ries with it the plow and the hoe, and tliat the 
 missionaries were continually aiming to introduce 
 industrial and mainly agricultural habits among 
 the Indians. 
 
 Two brothers, who afterwards were ordained 
 clergymen, S. W. and G. 11. Pond, were the first 
 missionaries to settle in the Territory. They 
 came, in 1834, from Connecticut. They threw 
 great zeal into their work, laboring equally for 
 the good of the white man and tlie red. Their 
 I earnest lives, their Christian example and Instruc- 
 j tion came to exercise an important moulding in- 
 I fluence on the moral and religious, and also on 
 the material fortunes of the State. Setting out as 
 tliey did, witliout the patronage of any mission- 
 ary association, theirs may be called a purely 
 Christian enterprise. S. W. Pond, by corres- 
 pondence from Illinois, where he was located, 
 with his brother, (iideon II., who still lived in 
 the old Connecticut honip, planned this private 
 missionary work. 
 
 On the east shore of Lake Calliiiuu they liuilt 
 a log house. This was the first house erected by 
 a private citizen within the county. They did 
 the work with their own hands. 
 
 These men were simply laymen l)ut had been 
 well educated. Tliey were soon at work pursii- 
 iug acquaintance with the Uakotas, their purpose 
 1)eing to secure a thorough knowledge of their 
 language iiiid modes of life. Mr. (iideon II. 
 Pond was eminently successful in this and ob- 
 tained a very complete knowledge of. and was 
 regarded as an authority on Dakota habits and 
 language. With tills in view, he sometimes
 
 170 
 
 HISTORY OF HEXXEPIX COUXTr. 
 
 attached himself to their hunting parties, making 
 long expeditions with these wild tribes. 
 
 The Dakotas were an association of the fiercest 
 tribes of Xortli American Indians. The Jesuit 
 missionaries liad long before abandoned all 
 attempts to tame their wild natures. Mr. Pond 
 has given many thrilling accounts of the devilish 
 scenes to which he was a witness in the battles 
 between the Dakotas and Chippewas. Similar 
 scenes, re-enacted in 1862. when white settlers 
 were the victims of the tomahawk and scalping 
 knife, have given the inhabitants of Minnesota 
 a just abhorrence of the Sioux and their savage 
 traits. Men are still living who have taken an 
 oath, as sacred as the ancient oaths of conspir- 
 ators, sealed with blood, to ^•Hunl and tthoot Ind- 
 iana wherever thei/ may he frnind." Though we 
 may call such retaliation im-christiau and even 
 murderous, let each man take home the provoca- 
 tion and imagine similar outrages perpetrated on 
 his ovni family, before lie passes judgment. 
 
 Here is a scene of August. 1838. which was one 
 of the introductory experiences that taught Mr. 
 Pond the character of this tierce people. We give 
 facts condensed from Xeill's account. 
 
 Peace and friendly interchanges had taken 
 place between the ("hippewas. or Ojibways. of 
 Canada, and the Dakotas. or Sioux, of Minnesota, 
 only a few months before tlie bloody acts, here 
 reported, were enacted. This fact shows the 
 ti'eacherous character of the tribes and how little 
 dependence could be placed on the smoking of 
 the calumet. Mr. Pond had joined a hunting 
 party, consisting, according to Indian custom, of 
 braves, squaws and papooses. During the ab- 
 sence of Mr. Pond and a large division of the 
 Indian party, several Chippewas came to the 
 lodges, and were hospitably entertained and treat- 
 ed witli Indian marks of respect, in accordance 
 with the spirit oiE the existing treaty. During 
 the night, the guests arose and scalped the 
 Dakotas. even including women and children. 
 Among the few to escape was a mother with her 
 papoose. In the flight, the child perhaps saved 
 the mother's life, for it received the death missle 
 that might have proved fatal to her. She notified 
 the other division of tlie party, and they quickly 
 returned to witness a dreadful scene. Several 
 had been killed, sleeping, while others had evi- 
 dently engaged in the death struggle. Mr. Pond's 
 
 eyes were liere opened to the fierce character of 
 the people whom he had come to draw by cords 
 of love to embrace the •• Gospel of peace." He 
 assisted in digging a grave into which they 
 gathered the severed limbs, heads and mangled 
 bodies of the Dakotas. As he turned away, 
 sickened, from the sight, it must have required 
 a brave heart to hold liim to his work. This act 
 of bad faitli began a series of similar atrocities, 
 undertaken, on the one side or the other, by Chip- 
 pewa or Dakota, in retaliation. In some of these 
 attacks, the white settlers were also sufferers. 
 Cotdd Mr. Pond have looked forward, about 
 thirty years, and seen the wholesale slaughter of 
 1862, perpetrated by these same savages, w-ho were 
 then friendly to him — could he have believed 
 that, after the labors of many years, both by him. 
 Mr. Riggs. Dr. "Williamson and a host of others, 
 sent here to preach the Gospel — that these tribes 
 would, at a later day. break out witli greater 
 ferocity than ever, it seems almost certain that 
 he would have abandoned his work as the Jesuit 
 missionaries had done before him. 
 
 It seems as if our government would never 
 awake to a realization of the fact that this anom- 
 oly of tribes, having governments independent 
 of the central government at Washington, can 
 never be productive of good, either to the central 
 government, or to the wheels within the wheels, 
 the tribes tliemselves. 
 
 Treaties were made with the Ojibwas and with 
 the Dakotas in 1837. That with the Ojibwas was 
 effected by (tov. Dodge of Wisconsin. Altliough. 
 by the terms of this treaty, the right of the Ind- 
 ians to the land ceased, still they continued to 
 roam over it or occupy it at will, uninterrupted 
 by the government, since they offered no hostility 
 to the whites. Their tribal wars, however, con- 
 tinued, causing at times great uneasiness and 
 alarm to the few settlers. We give here a brief 
 account of 
 
 ONE OF THE BATTLES 
 
 of which Mr. Pond speaks, in order to emphasize 
 further the ferocity of the tribes, and because 
 the scene was laid in tliis county. The line of 
 pamted warriors marched over what is now the 
 most populous pail of the county, holding a war 
 council within the territory now covered by the 
 city of Minneapohs. It happened in July, 1839.
 
 INDIAN BATTLES AND NEW MISSIONABIES. 
 
 171 
 
 There was a Sioux village on tlie west shore of 
 Lake Calhoun which, from its lodges, was esti- 
 mated to contain about five hundred souls. Their 
 old enemies, the Chippewas, were encamped in 
 strong force further north, on the Rum River, 
 near where Anoka now stands, and so, just out- 
 side the limits of the county. The distance be- 
 tween the camps was about twenty -five miles. 
 The Chippewas were usually the aggressors in the 
 tribal wars and were, according to our judgment, 
 more tricky and more ready to break the treaties, 
 which the whites had induced them to make 
 with each otlier. In the present instance, a party 
 of Chippewas, skulking in the vicinity of the 
 Sioux village, at Lake Harriet, encountered Ru- 
 pa-co-ka-ma-za, son of the chief and nephew of 
 Redbird. killed and scalped him and made good 
 their retreat. The murderous act was at once 
 reported at the village and the Sioux blood was 
 roused to white heat for retaliation. Summon- 
 ing their allies from neighboring villages, they 
 met for a final council on the east bank of the 
 Mississippi just above Nicollet Island. They 
 there went thrf)ugh their Indian mummery and, 
 before niglitfall. set out. four hundred strong. 
 to make a night march and fall on their enemies 
 at dawn. 
 
 The expedition was successsful. They sur- 
 prised and defeated a body of Chip))ewas, superior 
 to them in number of warriors. The Sioux, how- 
 ever, lost lieavily and Redbird and his son were 
 among the slain. One squaw is reported to have 
 attended the march of the avengers, to wreak on 
 the enemy vengeance for the death of her hus- 
 band. They returned to the village about night, 
 the day of the battle. Seventy scalps were dis- 
 played on the pole in the centre of the village as 
 soon as they returned. Night after night, they 
 repeated the scalp dance. Mr. I'ond. who lived 
 on the other side of the lake, described their 
 orgies as the most heathenish and demoniacal 
 ceremonies. They made night hideous for the 
 few white settlers. 
 
 It is humiliating to admit that this was enacted 
 within the territory of the United States and 
 under Ignited States jurisdiction, within the 
 memory of many men now living. How much 
 more humiliating to admit that such scenes are 
 repeated to-day among the many tribes whom it 
 pleases our government to recognize as independ- 
 
 ent. The solution of the ditficuit Indian question 
 ought to be, what of late has been offered to the 
 Poncas. viz., the homestead right with an added 
 provision, requiring the breaking up of these 
 lawless bands, rendering every Indian amenable, 
 like other citizens to the laws, wliose protection 
 he enjoys and whose bounty he receives. 
 
 NEW MISSIONAlilES. 
 
 Rev. Thomas S. Williamson. M. 1).. a native of 
 South Carolina and a graduate of Jefferson Col- 
 lege, Pennsylvania, who had been practicing med- 
 icine in Ohio previous to his ordination as a cler- 
 i gyman. was sent out by the American Board of 
 I Commissioners for Foreign Missions. The Board 
 desired to learn through him if they had any call 
 ' for labor here. His report induced them to send 
 I to his assistance Rev. .1. I). Stevens, a native of 
 New York, and Alexander Iluggins. a farmer, 
 
 with their wives, also, as teachers. Miss Sarah 
 
 I 
 Poage and Miss Lucy Stevens. This band of 
 
 ; recruits arrived at Fort Snelling. in 183.5, and 
 ! during that summer Dr. Williamson organized a 
 Presbyterian church at the fort. Rev. Mr. 
 Stevens located and built his house at Lake Har- 
 riet, near the property of Eli Pettijohn. Tlie 
 rest of the party set out for the post of the trader 
 ! Renville, and located at Lac qui Parle. The 
 Ponds soon joined hands with the new comers 
 and the work went on prosperously, having the 
 support of the American Board of Commission- 
 ers for Foreign Missions. 
 
 In the summer of 183.5, on the second Sabbath 
 in June, the organization of the church at Fort 
 Snelling took place, the first in Hennepin county. 
 The commiuiion was administered on the same 
 day, for the first time in Minnesota. Twenty- 
 two members recieved the sacred emblems. The 
 missionaries from tlie lake, a few settlers from 
 Mendota and some of the garrison of the fort 
 made up this number. The elders of the church 
 were Col. Gustavus Loomis, Hon. H. H. Sibley, 
 tlien a young man in charge of tlie trading post 
 at Mendota, A. (J. Iluggins and S. W. Pond. 
 
 The First Presbyterian church in MinneapoUs. 
 of which D. M. Stewart. D. D.. is pastor, is a 
 continuation or perpetuation of the old churcli at 
 the fort. It was reorganized in Minneapolis 
 May 22d, 18-53, but dates its first organization at 
 Fort Snelling, June 14th, 183.5. In 1837, Rev.
 
 172 
 
 mSTOBY OF HEXXEPIX COl'XTT. 
 
 Stephen R. Riggs, a graduate of the same college 
 as Dr. Williamson. Jeffereon College. Pennsylva- 
 nia, came with his wife to strengthen the mission. 
 
 In the Slimmer of 1835. Rev. J. I). Stevens, witli 
 tlie assistance of tlie ilessi-s. Pond, built a house 
 in the woods on the west shore of Lake Harriet. 
 In this house, in the autumn of tliat year, a daugh- 
 ter was born to Mr. Stevens, the first white cliild 
 born in this vicinity. In the spring of 1836, 
 Gideon H. Pond fetumed to Connecticut, where 
 he remained a year, and returned an ordained 
 clergyman. He remained at the Lake Harriet 
 Mission several years after his return. Rev. ilr. 
 Riggs. who joined the mission, as stated, in 1837. 
 moved to Lac qui Parle in the autumn of the 
 same year. Mr. Stevens remained only to the 
 following fall. 1838. when he moved to "Wabasha 
 Prairie as Indian farmer. 
 
 The subsequent settlement of Hennepin coun- 
 ty *as principally from the good old Xew Eng- 
 land stock by men who came to establish family 
 altars and build churches. 
 
 Xew Englanders have been called the •• Salt 
 of theEartli" in whatever state tliey liave located. 
 They have given tone to society and modified 
 the government, the religion and the politics. 
 The men have been men of pluck and spirit, and 
 the women strong minded encnigh to assert their 
 position and maintain tlie right, and the rites 
 they brought from the East. They have been 
 the salt of Miraiesota. In fact, to follow out the 
 figure chemically, salts of all kinds, when dif- 
 fused, or held in solution, tend to crystalize in 
 certain fixed forms. .So it is with the Xew Eng- 
 landers. Their entei-prise carries them to every 
 state. They are found diffused through all 
 societies. Wherever they settle, blood tells, prin- 
 ciple prevails, they crystallize in Xew England 
 forms. We have New England forms of society, 
 education and religion, Xew England wives, 
 mothers and Xew England homes. In tlie city 
 of Minneapolis alone there are tifty-one cliurclies 
 and fifty-eight churcli organizations. 
 
 The ambitious strife for splendor in church 
 architecture is as infectious, to say the least, as 
 the more homely Good Samaritan doctrines 
 whicli the vaulted roofs were built to disseminate. 
 This infection has reached this new country. It 
 exhibits itself in models of architecture, already 
 completed, and ill vast piles now rising to be- 
 come rival structures. 
 
 CHAPTER XXXII. 
 
 EARLY SETTLERS — AGRICULTURE — NEW SET- 
 TLERS — THE RESERVATION — THE EQUAL 
 RIGHT AXD IMPARTIAL PROTECTION CLAIM 
 ASSOCIATION OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. M. T. — 
 GROWTH — N.\MES OF THE OLDER SETTLERS 
 —EXTENDING AND MULTIPLYING SETTLE- 
 MENTS—FINANCIAL PROGRESS. 
 
 Churehes can not grow faster than population 
 comes to build and support them. We must 
 now see who the settlers were, that came in to 
 build up the churches and establish industries to 
 sustain them. The foundation of all industries 
 is Ayricidtioe. The cultivation of the soil is the 
 • only employment that is directly creative of 
 wealth. The farmer takes a piece of land which 
 yielded nothing without care. His care makes it 
 productive of hundreds of dollare each year. In 
 ' other words, he creates value from what was val- 
 ue-less. while'every otherindustry contributes value 
 to the country by changes which it effects in the 
 material furnished. Minnesota has come to be 
 acknowledged as the wlieat growing state of the 
 Union. 
 
 It will be interesting to note the growth of 
 agriculture in this county, and see who the early 
 settlers were, that came to develop it. 
 
 As migratory birds, flying both north and 
 south over the State, stop here on their way from 
 the north, and again, at the proper season, com- 
 ing from the south, give us a call, so it has been 
 witli the settlei-s. They have dropped in on us 
 both from the north and from the south. Curi- 
 ously, the first settlers came, like the fall feath- 
 ered visitors, from the north. They, however, 
 only stopped to oil their plumage, and moved on 
 south. Our subsequent settlers came mainly 
 from the east, or farther south, and came to stay. 
 We sliall see who both classes were as tlie cliapter 
 advances. The early attempts at agriculture in 
 Hennepin county were not characterized by those 
 features that mark the beginnings in countries or 
 states, bearing earlier dates of settlement. We 
 cannot entertain the reader by descriptions of 
 crude implements such as wooden plows, but 
 must admit that our pioneers were blessed with 
 many of the modem improvements of scientific 
 farming.
 
 THE SWISS COLONY AND NEW SETTLERS. 
 
 173 
 
 We can only claim for the tiist, courage to try the 
 experiment of farming in so inclement a climate, 
 during so short a season as the summer was found 
 to continue. 
 
 Lieut. Camp was called plucky, for testing it, 
 but his first attempt proved successful. lie made 
 the experiment, in 1823, at Fort Snelling. His 
 success was very important to the future of the 
 State, for, though several years passed, before the 
 example was followed l)y others, Philamler 
 Prescott, employed as Indian farmer, undertook 
 farming, near Lake Calhoun. This was in 
 1830, and the first plowing, outside tlie fort. 
 Soon after, others followed. Tlic scttki-xfivm the- 
 north, came in 1826. A colony, forced from their 
 tirst settlement, near Hudson Bay. by an unusual 
 Hood, settled under the protecting wing of Fort 
 Snelling. This colony embraced only Swiss. Tlie 
 names of a few- of them given are Perry, Garvais 
 and Massey. Perry is (lescril)ed as a great owner 
 of cattle, and was called, in consequence, the 
 •' Abraham '' of this region. The purpose of gov- 
 ernment Military Posts seems to have been inter- 
 preted in one way 1)y these settlers, and in ciuite 
 another by the officers of the government. These 
 settlers accused the officers, of the fort, of exerci- 
 sing arbitrary and tyrannical power, and thus 
 frustrating one purpose of a fort, viz., affording 
 protection and encouragement to settlers. This 
 view was sustained by subsequent settlers, who, 
 like these Swiss, wished to settle as squatters on 
 the reservation. The officers of the fort, how- 
 ever, had definite orders from the United States 
 Marshal, to remove squatters from the Fort 
 Snelling Keserve. In accordance with this order, 
 instead of fostering this colony, they subjected 
 them to persecution, even proceeding so far as to 
 burn their buildings. At last, in 1S36-7, they 
 were compelled to abandon lands where they had 
 made their homes for about ten years. Mr. Perry 
 moved to the present site of St. Paul, taking his 
 cattle with him, and remained there until his 
 death. Some moved to other points in this terri- 
 tory, and others to the territory of Wisconsin. 
 Such treatment of emigrants who settled near the 
 fort, operated to discourage rapid settlement. 
 
 NEW SETTLERS. 
 
 The arrival of Col. John II. Stevens, with a 
 party of settlers, in April, 1841), was an important 
 
 event. Col. Stevens was the first settler in Min- 
 neapolis. The party, consisting of ten. stopped 
 first at St. Paul, but soon set out, on foot, to ex- 
 amine tlie Canaan of their liopes, determined to 
 make this their future home. Br. William Dyer, 
 a young physician, who subsecjuently became dis- 
 tinguished in his profession, Alfred Courtwright, 
 a successfid teacher, and seven f.irmers. with the 
 Colonel, constituted the i)art.\ . 
 
 When they reached Fort Snelling. they, like all 
 their predecessors, coveted the forbidden fruit — 
 the land in the reservation. They pressed on, 
 however, and were fully satisfied to settle at St. 
 Anthony, wliere the land was open for occupancy. 
 Only two of this famous party remained to wit- 
 ness the sul)se(pient marvellous growth of this 
 county, but from them we learn, the country 
 charmed them, beyond any thing they had ever 
 seen. They forgot their fatigue in admiration of 
 the view before them. The inroads of civilization, 
 at that time, were too few to change materiall) 
 the primeval character of the scenery. On the 
 government reservation, on the west bank, was 
 the old mill, and here and there a log house on 
 the east side. These were tlie only marks of civ- 
 ilization on the scene. The scenery about the 
 falls seems to have attracted and delighted the 
 visitors as much in its original beauty, as it does 
 now, in its practical usefulness. 
 
 The Colonel could not, however, become satis- 
 fied so long as he saw the fair lands on the other 
 side of the river. He and many others were im- 
 patient at the restriction on locating upon and 
 improving these tempting lands. Hy some means, 
 the restriction was removed in fa\or of a few, 
 among wht)ni was Col. Stevens, who then occupied 
 claims within the reservation. The occupancy of 
 such settlers, however, was like that of the early 
 settlers, the Swiss, from the north, simply tliat of 
 squatters. Col. Stevens built a log house in the 
 winter of 1849, and occupied it. with his family, 
 as soon as it was completed. He was, as stated 
 above, the first settler in ^Minneapolis, A few 
 months later, Calvin A. Tuttle, and soon 'Mv. 
 ;SIiller. leaving the east side, joined Mr. Stevens, 
 and built houses near him. 
 
 Ill the spring of IWoO, C. C. Garvey took a claim 
 adjoining Col. Stevens on the south. The settle- 
 iiieut soon had added tr) its numliers, Hr, L. 
 Fletcher, John Jackins, Edward Murphy. Judge
 
 174 
 
 HISTOBY OF HEXXEPIX COl'yTY. 
 
 Bassett, Charles Hoag, Joseph H. Canney. and 
 others. Their cabins were scattered over what 
 is now Minneapolis, at internals of half a mile or 
 more. They had no churches. Their spiritual 
 food was furnished by fireside instruction, unless, 
 which often happened. Eev. Gideon II. Pond, or 
 some one of the missionaries, preached at the 
 house of Col. Stevens. Camps of Indians were 
 often made in their vicinity, causing interest and 
 excitement, even though tliey created no alarm. 
 Still, they were always thievish prowlers, even 
 when professing the greatest friendship. A ner- 
 vous woman might often be startled by seeing 
 the nose of an Indian or squaw flattened against 
 the window pane^ 
 
 THE Rf;SERVAT10X. 
 
 It must be borne in mind, that, at this time, a 
 resers'ation of land for military piuposes, made 
 by a treaty of the United States government with 
 the Indians, in 1S(I.5. through Gen. Pike, existed, 
 covering all the territory, from the junction of the 
 Mississippi and Minnesota rivers, the site of Fort 
 Snelling. up to and inchidijig the Falls of St. 
 Anthony, extending nine miles each side of the 
 river. This extensive reservation included many 
 thousand acres, much more land than was neces- 
 sary for military purposes. It was seen, by ex- 
 plorers, to be very valuable, and covetous eyes 
 were fixed upon it. Squatters took possession, as 
 they have often done of land \uisurveyed Viy gov- 
 ernment, trusting that when it came into market, 
 their rights, as on lands not military, would be 
 respected. In this, however, they were destined 
 to meet disappointment. The government had 
 thrown every possible obstacle in the way of their 
 obtaining a foothold, from the first, and now i)ro- 
 ceeded with the usual formalities of sale. The 
 plats were to be for^\ arded. on a certain day. from 
 Washington, when the sales, of land therein de- 
 scribed, would take place, at public auction, to the 
 highest bidder. 
 
 Such sales, however, would have been ruinous 
 to those who had occupied claims, and made im- 
 provements, in full expectation of the final right 
 of pre-emption, and entry at the usual govern- 
 ment price. There existed, too. a tacit agreement 
 between the sq\iatters and the oflicers of the fort, 
 that, on the one side, there should be no interfer- 
 ence wth their occupation, and. on the other. 
 
 there should be a division of spoils, in case the 
 final decision should be in their favor. 
 
 Speculators were on the alert. They assembled 
 in considerable numbers at St. Paul, intending to 
 bid on the claims. This led to the following or- 
 ganization among the settlers for mutual protec- 
 tion : 
 
 THEEQl AL RIGHT AND IMPARTIAL PROTECTION 
 CLAIM ASSOCIATION OF HENNEPIN CO.. M. T, 
 
 The settlers on the reservation had no inten- 
 tion of sitting idly by and seeing their homes sold 
 to intruders ; neither did they purpose to bid on 
 them, themselves, above the usual pre-emption 
 price, one dollar and twenty -five cents per acre. 
 In this dilemma they caUed a meeting and estali- 
 lished this Land League. This was an associa- 
 tion of claimants on the reservation, organized to 
 protect their interests by force, if need be. In a 
 word, they proposed to do all the bidding, on the 
 lands put up at auction, themselves, and to make 
 it impossible for any venturesome speculatt)r to 
 put in a coimter bid. The association numbered 
 one hundred and twenty-five members. They 
 appointed Thomas W. Peirce as bidder for 
 all membei-s of the league. The remainder 
 were to stand around, to intimidate. If a 
 speculator should not be intimidated, but force 
 himself in as a bidder, the membere were 
 to surround him, and hustle him out of range 
 of the sales. This plan was fully matured, 
 and would doubtless, have been carried out to 
 the letter ; for the speeiUatore found the squat- 
 ters resolute, and sustained by public opinion, 
 and it was more than intimated, that the militia, 
 if called on, would, likewise, side with the set- 
 tlers. The speculators appealed to Governor 
 ^Villis A. Gorman, for support at the coming sale, 
 and asked if the troops could be called out. Tlie 
 Governor promised the troops, but intimated that 
 he should instruct them how to load. " How 
 shall you instruct them to load. Governor?" asked 
 a speculator. ■• Blank, by — '." replied the Gov- 
 ernor. The speculators took the hint and the 
 first opportunity to leave. It is probable, that 
 this plan of bulldozing would have succeeded, 
 had not another escape offered. 
 
 Fortunately, a better method occurred. The 
 plats did not arrive from AVashington, in time for 
 the advertised sale, and it was. necessarily, post-
 
 BUDUCTIOK OF THE BESEBVATION. 
 
 lio 
 
 poned. Seizing the opportunity, afforded by this 
 delay, a delegation of citizens was sent to Wash- 
 ington, to protest against the measure. Dr. A. 
 E. Ames, Franklin Steele, Judge Meeker, II. T. 
 Welles, and others, were delegates. They left 
 home on the 9th of October, 1854. The commis- 
 sioner of the general land office informed them, 
 on application at his office, in Washington, that 
 the lands must be sold to the highest bidder, ac- 
 cording to the previous notice, to comply with 
 the law. On appealing, however, to the Secretary 
 of the Interior, a stay of proceedings was ob- 
 tained, until the assembling of Congress. 
 
 Dr. Ames spent most of the winter in Wash- 
 ingtf)n, and on the 8th of March, IHo-J, started 
 for home. He was successful in his undertaking. 
 A bill passed Congress, in consequence of his en- 
 deavors, reducing the reservation, and allowing 
 settlers the usual privileges of goverimient land 
 entries. Commissioner Wilson made Dr. Ames 
 the messenger, to convey to the land office 
 in Minnesota, the laws and regulations, 
 under which the subsequent entries were 
 made. The general government had learned, 
 by a painful experience, and under similar cir- 
 cumstances, in Xew York State, where the set- 
 tlers on the Holland pmchase combined, and in 
 Wisconsin, where the Fox River settlers com- 
 bined, and in other states, that men united for 
 mutual protection, must be respected. 
 
 The poor doctor came near paying dearly for 
 his success. An Arctic storm caught him, just 
 on the threshold of his home, in southern Minne- 
 apolis, and he nearly perished witli cold. 
 
 The news of the reduction of the reservation 
 had reached home before him, and a general rush 
 for locations followed. In April and May, 18.55, 
 the settlers were able to " prove up " and obtain 
 title to their lands. Thus ended, in a quiet and 
 orderly way, what might have proved a danger- 
 ous and even bloody disturljance. Now begins 
 
 THE GROWTH OF HENNEPIN COI^NTY. 
 
 The lands on the east side of the river, outside 
 the reservation, had been taken, and tlie previ- 
 ous settlement was on that side. The rapid im- 
 migration, and the prospective value of lands on 
 the west side, led to warm contests among the 
 the conflicting claimants. Litigations followed 
 in great numbers, furnishing to lawyers fat fees. 
 
 their first golden harvest. The rapid influx of 
 1855, was the natural consequence of the reduc- 
 tion of the reservation. The attractive lands on 
 the west side, had long tantalized the immigrants 
 as well as the older settlers on the river. 
 
 Before our dates advance further, let us look 
 back at a few of the 
 
 NAMES OF THE OLDER SETTLERS. 
 
 Lieut. J. B. r. Russell, acting Q. M. of the 
 regular army at Fort Snelling, who built the old 
 government mill and the house near by, in 1822. 
 
 B. F. Baker, long the principal fur trader, in 
 what is now known as Hennepin county. He 
 was a famous man in trade and in the chase. He 
 btiilt the stone part of the St. Louis House, near 
 Fort Snelling, which was burned several years 
 since. 
 
 Peter Quinn located here in 1 823, and had su- 
 pervision of the Indian farms. He came from 
 the fur company of Labrador to Pembina and 
 finally, to this county. 
 
 Samuel J. Fiuley, son-in-law of Quinn, came 
 with him. Claims at St. Antlumy, occupied by 
 Peter Quinn, Finley and one Joseph Reachi. a 
 Canadian voyageur, were, subsequently, pur- 
 chased by Franklin Steele. 
 
 Next comes an important person, whose name 
 has figured in the public affairs of this county, 
 J. R. Brown. He took a claim near the month of 
 Minnehaha Creek, in 1820. His was the first 
 claim within the present limits of the county. 
 He abandoned it, however, four years later, with- 
 out much improvement. 
 
 Leaping over a few years, to 1837, we find two 
 very important names, Franklin Steele and Mar- 
 tin McLeod. The former made a claim on what 
 is now a part of the East Division of Minneapolis, 
 and butlt a small log house near the corner of 
 Second Avenue South and Main ' street. Two 
 other log cabins were built the same year, one 
 above and one below. 
 
 Martin McLeod came by the northwest plains, 
 from the Hudson Bay colonies of Selkirk, to Lac- 
 Traverse. In company with him, in this rash 
 expedition, were Capt. J. Pays, formerly of the 
 Polish army, and Richard Hays, an Irishman. 
 The party had, for a guide, Pierre Bottineau, 
 whose name has become familiar, as a resident of 
 St. Anthony. His two companions perished in
 
 176 
 
 HISTORY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY, 
 
 the snow, near Cheyenne River, but he made his 
 way, with the guide, to the house of J. R. Brown, 
 liaving been five days without food, and twenty- 
 six days without seeing any one except his party. 
 Tlie liospitable reception of ilr. Brown was fully 
 appreciated, we may suppose, after the hardships 
 of the previous twenty-six days on snow-shoes. 
 
 H. P. Russell arrived at Fort Snelling, in 1839. 
 He made the journey from Lake Pepin, on foot, 
 suffering much frtim want of food. Alexander 
 Graham acted as his guide. Mr. Russell is still 
 living. His present residence is on Hennepin 
 Avenue, near Twenty-eighth street. 
 
 The development of Minnesota begau in 18.S4. 
 During this year, H. H. Sibley, came out as part- 
 ner of the American Fur Company, to superin- 
 tend their interests, from Lake Pepin to the Can- 
 ada line. H. M. Rice, N. ^\'. Kittson, Edmund 
 Rice, 1). Olmstead, and others, came soon after 
 Mr. Sibley, and became identified with the pro- 
 gress and growth of the material interests of the 
 state. Their names are found on the map of the 
 state, attached to counties and townships, that 
 have thus attempted to honor their memories. 
 
 The treaty with the Chippewas, which was ef- 
 fected by Governor Dodge, of Wisconsin, in 1837, 
 ceding the pine valley of the St. Croix and its 
 ti'il)utaries, to the United States, greatly accele- 
 rated the development which began three years 
 previous. During the same year, also, a deputa- 
 tion of Dakotas, at Washington, ceded all their 
 lands lying east of the Mississippi. These things 
 opened the way to 
 
 EXTENDING AND MULTIPLYING SETTLEMENTS. 
 
 Bloominyton was first settled in lS.")l-:2, by 
 WiUiam Cliambers, Joseph Dean and Reuben B. 
 Gibson. They settled above Nine Mile Creek. 
 
 Eden Pruirk was first settled in 1852, by Da- 
 vid Livingston. Hiram Abbott, the Mitcliells. and 
 others. 
 
 Richfield Was settled in 1852, by :\Iark Baldwin, 
 Samuel Stough. and S. S. Ciowell. 
 
 Excelsior was settled in 1853, by a colony 
 of about forty families, under the guidance of 
 George Bertram, ilr. Bertram selected tlie site. 
 on the south side of Lake Minnetonka, in June 
 of the previous year. After the planting of this 
 large and prosperous colony, the settlement of the 
 country surrounding went on rapidly. 
 
 Early in 1852. Simon Stevens and Calvin A. 
 Tuttle visited Minnetonka. They are supposed 
 to be its first white visitors since 1822. In that 
 year, J. R. Brown, John .Snelling, Samuel Wat- 
 kins, and Mr, Stewart, discovered the lake while 
 on an exploring tour through this part of the 
 county. Mr. Stevens made a claim at this time, 
 1852, just below the outlet of the lake, and 
 built the first saw-mill in Hennepin county west. 
 Dining the year, James Shaver settled on Second 
 Lake, and in December following, A. E, Garri- 
 son and a Mr. Robinson located a claim at the 
 present site of Wayzata. These were the first 
 settlers on its north shore. 
 
 In February, 18-53, Stephen Hull built tlie first 
 house at the Narrows. In April, 1853, William 
 Lithgrow settled near tlie upper Lake. He was 
 drowned in the lake, in February, 1854. 
 
 Xear the mouth of tlie Crow River, a settlement 
 was begun in the fall of 1853, by E. H. Robinson 
 and Jlr. Baxter. 
 
 We have thus marked a few of the nuclei of 
 settlement. Most of these settlers were from 
 New England. . Their early training and educa- 
 tion had fitted them for what they were to en- 
 counter. Around these centres gathered the 
 rapidly hicreasing population. Their sterling 
 qualities and patient courage attracted settlers, 
 as iron tilings are attracted to a magnet. Thus 
 the county has continued to fill up. In 1853, an 
 ■ estimate, probably a generous one, put the popu- 
 lation at 2.0(1(1. In 1880, the census shows it 
 (i(j,590. It is admitted that the growth of the 
 State of Minnesota has been more rapid than that 
 of any other state, not only in population, but in 
 wealth, education, and internal iniiiriivements. 
 Hennepin county is so situated that it necessa- 
 rily partook largely of this wonderful growth. 
 Indeed, the enterprising character of the settlers 
 of this county contributed largely to the unex- 
 ampled growth on the part of the state. 
 
 Much is often said of the power of that genius 
 in certain men. wliicli enables them to foresee 
 future cities on barren lands, immense possibili- 
 ties in things not yet developed. This power, 
 however, must be valueless without the magnetic 
 power to attract men, combine forces, and thus 
 produce, almost create the result sought. The 
 wonderful growth of Jlinneapolis is proof enough 
 of the character of the men who have settled
 
 FINANCIAL PROGRESS— MILLS. 
 
 177 
 
 liere, and tlie progress tlirougliout the rouiity has 
 heen largely clue to tlie )irogress at Minneapolis. 
 The organization of the Hennepin county Ag- 
 ricultural Society took place in 1858. Its pur- 
 pose was to encourage improvements in agricul- 
 ture and stock in the county. The lirst officers, 
 appointed September 7th, 1853, were, J. W. Dow, 
 President ; J. H. Canney. Secretary ; Col. John 
 H. Stevens, Chairman of the Executive Commit- 
 tee. Seconding these efforts for improvement. 
 Col. Stevens imported some Devonshire cattle, at 
 considerable expense, and little ultimate profit to 
 himself. These efforts led to and initiated the 
 improvements since made in methods of agricul- 
 ture and stock-raising in the county. 
 
 FINANCIAL PROGRESS. 
 
 The taxable property of Hennepin county, in 
 1862, according to Goveronor liamsey's message, 
 was $43,529. In 1880, only twenty-nine years 
 later, the official records show- the assessed valu- 
 ation. $38,183,474. From the records of 1879, are 
 taken the following statistics : "Wild Hay, tons, 
 26,168 ; Timothy Seed, ))usliels, 109 ; Apple Trees, 
 growing, 127,088 ; Apple Trees, bearing. 20,995 ; 
 Apples, bushels, 7,714 ; Cirape-vines, bearing, 
 6.o85; Grapes, lbs., 15,510; Strawberries, qts., 
 29,586 ; Tobacco, lbs., 913 ; Maple Sugar, lbs., 
 19,723; Maple Syrup, gals., 1,306; Sheep, num- 
 ber sheared, 7.326; Wool, lbs., 496.272 ; Cheese, 
 lbs., 4,665 ; Bees, number of hives, 873 ; Honey, 
 lbs., 14,233; Milch Cows, 6,658; other Cattle, 
 2,155; Hogs, 6,888; Horses, 7,717 ; Mules, 211. 
 
 CHAPTER XXXIII. 
 
 MILLS, MANUFACTORIES AND SETTLERS^>LEANS 
 OF TRANSPORTATION — NAVIGATION — KAIL- 
 ROADS— GENERAL DESCRIPTION— RIVERS AND 
 LAKES— GEOLOGY AND MINERALOGY —SOIL 
 AND VEGETATION— ZOOLOGY— CLI JI ATE— ED- 
 UCATION. 
 
 We have thus far named those settlers who 
 came to make claims, and have thus become iden- 
 tified, more or less,with the agricultiu'al progress 
 12 
 
 of the county. Other inducements brought here 
 another class of settlers, to build mills and inau- 
 giu'ate manufactories. The Falls of St. Anthfiny 
 affords the greatest and most available w'ater 
 power in the Ignited States. Besides, there are 
 other minor falls in the county, utilized to some 
 extent. 
 
 The first improvement, of any kind, in Henne- 
 pin county, consisted in the building of the old 
 government mill and a house near it, in the 
 spring of 1822. Lieut. J. B. F. Russell, built 
 them, acting in his capacity of Q. M. in the reg- 
 ular army. This was the first mill in Miimesota. 
 
 In July, 1847, Win. A. Cheever bought of Mr. 
 Steele, on the east side, nine-tenths of the water- 
 power. He made the purchase for Eastern capi- 
 talists, among wliom were Rol)ert Rantoul and 
 Caleb Cushing. 
 
 Ard. Godfrey came from Maine, in the fall of 
 
 1847, to build Mr. Steele's mill. John McDonald 
 and Ira Burroughs came at the same time, and 
 were engaged in the same enterprise. Robert 
 W. Cummings, Henry Angell, Capt. John Tap- 
 per, and William Dugas went up the Swan River 
 to cut timber for the new mill. Daniel Stanch- 
 field took another party and opened another lum- 
 liering camp, on Rum River. In the spring of 
 
 1848, the mill was ready, and the sawing began. 
 In September, two saws were running. The set- 
 tlers now began building frame houses. The 
 lumber, from the mills, helped on the settlement 
 of the county. 
 
 An unusual freshet occurred in 1849, which 
 swept about 6,000,000 feet of logs over the falls. 
 Fortunately, Mr. Steele had about 2.000,000 feet 
 on the upper streams, secure. These were 
 brought down, and the mills continued running. 
 
 In 1852. Simon Stevens built the lirst saw-mill 
 in IIennei)in county, «'P.s7. on the claim wliicli he 
 took at the outlet of Lake Minnetonka. The 
 building of saw-mills was the initial step in the 
 great milling interests of this county. In 1848, 
 the enteriirise of mill building took a start from 
 the building of a dam from Hennepin Island to 
 the east shore, and locating four saw-mills on it. 
 In 1856-7, however, the two great incorporated 
 companies, that now control the power, took hold 
 of its development. " The St. Anthony Water 
 Pouxr Company" took control of the water-power, 
 from the centre of the channel, on the west side
 
 178 
 
 HlS'lVliY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 of Hennepin Island, to the east shore. " T)ie 
 Muineapolis Mill Cojiijxniy "" took control of the 
 remainder, viz.. from the centre to the west shore. 
 Tlie lumbering establishments have done more 
 for the growth of Miinieapolis. and Hennepin 
 county, than any other industry. The future 
 development of the county may depend on other 
 manufactories, but the past must give the credit 
 to lumber. 
 
 In ISOO. four years later, the repc»rt for the 
 whole state gives -562 manufacturing establish- 
 ments, with S2.38S.310. capital invested. In 
 1874. Minneapolis, alone, pnxluced manufactured 
 goods to the amount of S15.00U,0U0. The last 
 census, 1880, shows that Minneapolis had, in 
 1879, 406 manufacturing establishments, employ- 
 ing S8,61.j.2o0 capital. 7.723 hands, paying, in 
 wages, S3,651,66S annually, using 13.972 horse- 
 power, water and steam combined. The value 
 of manufactured goods produced in 1879, was 
 §29,473,424. 
 
 The Falls of St. Anthony furnish a water- 
 power with a fall of 82 feet and a width of 1200 
 feet. It is capable of driving twenty times the 
 present establishments. The companies in con- 
 trol, are ready to make liberal arrangements with 
 parties bringing capital to develop further the 
 capacity of the falls. Full statistics of the man- 
 ufactures of ^Minneapolis will be found in an- 
 other chapter. 
 
 5IEAN.S Ol" TltAXSPDKTATIOS— XAVKiATIUN. 
 
 For se\eral years after the rapid growth of 
 Minneapolis began, the question of transportation 
 was a vital one. Though St. Paul was as high a 
 point as the large steamers of the Mississippi 
 could reach regularly, through the season, it was 
 found that lioats coidd reach ^Minneapolis or St. 
 AutlKiny. as that part of the city was then called, 
 during a part of the season, in high water, and 
 that boats of light draft might be depended upon 
 for regular transportation, during the boating 
 season. It will not be possible, in this outline 
 history, to enter into the details of the discussion 
 which continued so long over the point, whether 
 St. Paul or Miiuie;ip<i!is should be regarded as 
 the head of navigatidu on the Mississippi. We 
 tan only mention the facts in regard to the at- 
 
 tempts to navigate the river to Mimieapolis. and 
 also, on the upper Mississippi, above the falls. 
 
 The first steamboat that came up as far as 
 Fort Snelling, aiTived at Mendota in 1823. Du- 
 ring the same year, Major Stephen II. Long 
 explored the Minnesota Eiver. and the northern 
 frontier. Beltrami, an Italian refugee, explored 
 the sources of the Mississippi, and made a map of 
 the country. 
 
 Tlie first navigation of the river above Fort 
 Snelling, must date from the arrival of the La- 
 martine. Capt. Marsh, at noon. May 4tli. 1850. 
 The land was made at a point opposite what we 
 call "Bridal A'eil." The Captain attempted to 
 force his boat further up the river, but was un- 
 able to stem the current. May 7th. three days 
 later, the " Anthony Wayne," Capt. Rogers, suc- 
 ceeded in forcing her way up, in spite of the rapid 
 current, and landed at the old rafting place, near 
 the present location of the lower or iron bridge. 
 Tlie arrival was justly regarded as a great event, 
 as the question of transportation to these upper 
 regions was beginning to assume a serious nature. 
 Speeches were made, by Governor Eamsey and 
 other leading citizens. The band played, and the 
 occasion was duly honored. Later in the season, 
 during the same year, the "Lady Franklin.' 
 Capt. Smith Harris, came up within a few feet of 
 Spirit Island, " Turned gracefully about and drop- 
 ped down to the landing." 
 
 Business men now determined to seciue regular 
 communication. They were liberal in furnishing 
 means to forward the plan, and the result of their 
 labiu's was the establislnnent of a line of steamers. 
 On the 18th of July. 1853. the " Hindoo," a fine 
 steamer from below, landed at ('lieever"sFlat,and 
 afterwards made regular trips to this point. 
 
 The ^Minnesota Eiver was also navigated by 
 smaller craft. Insufficient as this means of com- 
 munication would be in the present advanced 
 stage of our growth, it performed an important 
 part in assisting that growth. 
 
 NAVIGATION AW)VE THE FALLS. 
 
 A steamer bearing the distinguished name. 
 " Governor Eamsey," was fitted up by Captain 
 John Rollins, in 1850, to navigate tlie upper 
 Mississippi. The trial trip seems to have lieen 
 an eventful day in the colony. It took place 
 May 25th, 1850. She ran up to Baufield Island,
 
 BAILBOADS-GENEBAL DESCRIFTIOX. 
 
 179 
 
 about eiglit miles, then returned, and freighted 
 for Sauli Rapids. J ust at dark, slie left the land- 
 ing for her first trip. She ran about a mile, and 
 tied up for the night. The next day, Sunday, she 
 ran up to Sauk Kapids, discharged her cargo, and 
 returned to St. Anthony on Monday. She made 
 the return trip in exactly seven hours. After 
 this, C'apt. Rollins made regular trips, touching 
 at intervening points. 
 
 KAILKOADS. 
 
 The year 1862 was the era of railroads. The 
 building and management of the railroads of a j 
 new country, is a very important matter, and one 
 fraught with great danger to the interests of the 
 country. The method used in constructing roads, 
 is by furnishing private citizens or corporate 
 bodies, capital obtained l)y bonding towns; or 
 some method by which the country through which 
 the road passes, is put under contribution to de- 
 fray the expense. This puts the capital of many 
 into the hands of a few. In case the trustees 
 prove reckless or unprincipled, the country at 
 large must become the sufferer. Minnesota has 
 suffered greatly through i-ailroad mismanage- 
 ment. This has been true, not simply in build- 
 ing and equipping the roads, but in exorbitant 
 tariffs. She has been loaded with delit, and her 
 attempts at adjustment have hjaded her with 
 odium. This county has suffered greatly from 
 this cause. Such evils are, however, self-correct- 
 ing and Time, the great healer, will remedy all 
 evils of the past, when such prosperity follows as 
 has followed their construction here. 
 
 In 1862, the railroad from St. Paid to St. An- 
 thony opened the county to railroad eomnuiuica- 
 tion. To the making of railroads there is no end. 
 We shall not attempt to enumerate, in this brief 
 article, all the roads and the history of their con- 
 struction. A simple statement of the receipts 
 and shipments of the principal commodities, by 
 the various railroads to and from Minneapolis, 
 during the year ending May 31st, 1880, will show 
 the importance of the roads to this county, and 
 will further indicate the extent of the business 
 of the county. 
 
 RAILROAD SHIPMENTS. 
 
 Lumber, 1,467,700,000 feet; Flour, 1,6.50,6.80 
 bbls.; Mill Stuffs, .5.5,746 tons ; Wheat, 76,000 bu.; 
 Corn, 113,8.50 bu.; Merchandise, 10,166 cars; 
 
 Oats, 57,200 bu.; Machinery, 743 cars; Live 
 Stock, 774 cars ; other articles, 1,623 cars. Total 
 shipments of all kinds, 48,447 cars. 
 
 RAILROAD RECEIPTS OF LEADING ARTICLES. 
 
 Wheat, 8,103.708 bu.; Corn, 392,200 bu.; Oats, 
 262,100 bu.; Barley. 70,700 l)u.; Flaxseed, 124,900 
 bu.; Mill Feed. 9.176 tons ; Lumber. 22,770,000 ft.; 
 Flour, 110,700 bbls.; Merchandise, 12,643 cars: 
 Live Stock, 929 cars ; Machinery, 730 cars ; Bar- 
 rel Stock, 1 ,229 cars ; Coal, 2,713 cars; all other 
 articles. 4,26.5 cars. Total of all kinds of freight. 
 47,307 cars. 
 
 GENERAL DESCRIPTION, BOUNDARIES, ETC. 
 
 Hennepin county, as originally organized, had 
 for its eastern boundary, the Mississippi River, 
 and was held in tlie embrace of three rivers, tlie 
 Mississippi, Minnesota, and Crow. These rivers 
 formed almost the entire Ijoundary. Carver and 
 Wright counties, on the west, completed its 
 boundaries. By a subsequent act of legislature. 
 St. Anthony was attached. The length of the 
 county, north and south, is about thirty -two 
 I miles. Its greatest breadth is about twenty-eight 
 miles. Its area is 3.54.004.96 acres. The forty- 
 i fifth parallel of latitude passes through the mid- 
 dle. The summers are very warm, and hasten 
 vegetation to maturity. Tlie winters are very 
 I cold. It may serve to assist the mind, to com- 
 pare it with other localities of the country, in re- 
 ference to latitude and temperature. The forty- 
 liflh parallel, which passes through the middle of 
 this county, passes through Green Bay, Wiscon- 
 sin, touches the extreme northern limit of Xew 
 York, and forms the northern boundary of ^'er- 
 mont. The winter isothermal line, however, 
 ! strikes considerably north of New York and ^'er- 
 mont. The snow-fall is light, Ijut as tliaws are 
 infrequent, enough usually accumulates to insure 
 sleighing throtigh the whiter. Tlie same is true 
 of this as of all northern climates ; tlie winter is 
 made jolly by extra sociability. 
 
 The surface of the country is undulating, 
 though in no part mountainous or hilly. The 
 county belongs to the southern slope of the state, 
 and to the :\Iississippi valley. The elevation above 
 the level of the sea varies from 663 feet at the 
 crossing of the C. M. & St. P. R. R. on the 
 :Minnesota River, to 940 feet at Long Lake' sta- 
 tion. The elevation of the Mississippi River at
 
 180 
 
 HJHIVRY OF HENNEPIX COU^^TY. 
 
 XicoUet Island is 791 feet, ami half a mile below 
 the Falls of St. Anthony 711.5 feet. 
 
 KIVKKS AXD L.VKES. 
 
 Tliis rounty is favored with abuudanie of 
 water to supply all tlie functions tliat water ever 
 fultills. 
 
 First, for Xariyation. The Mississippi has 
 afforded navigation both above and below the 
 Falls. The Minnesota permits navigation along 
 the southern boundary of the county. 
 
 Second. Water Poiccr. The immense power 
 of the Falls of St. Anthony, alone, gives this 
 county greater facilities for manufacture, than 
 can be found elsewhere in the I'nited States. 
 There are minor water powers on the smaller 
 streams and lakes. 
 
 The largest flouring establishments in the 
 world, and other branches of manufacture, de- 
 rive their power from these great falls. In 
 early times travellers have expended their 
 eloquence in descriptions of their beauty, but to- 
 day, if we describe the features correctly, we 
 must admit that the picturesque scenery has 
 largely disappeared and given place to practical 
 business. If we echo the sentiments of this am- 
 bitious people, we must dwell on the wealth in 
 maclvinery and manufactures that now environs 
 the falls, and not lament over the beauty that 
 has gone. The description of these vast estab- 
 lishments is reserved for a subsequent chapter. 
 
 Third. Eunning log/t to the numerous saw-mills. 
 
 Fourth. Btnuty of Sccnerij. On tlie map we 
 can count over two hundred lakes in Henne- 
 pin county. As we ride through the country. 
 they seem innimieralde. Tliey are mostly dear 
 and deep, with gravelly margins, and discharge 
 their waters into the large boundary rivers, 
 through numerous beautiful creeks and ri^-ulets. 
 The largest is Lake Miimetouka. Many of the 
 lakes, on account of their great beauty, are places 
 of summer resort. 
 
 Fifth. Health. The healthfulness of the state 
 is thought to be due. to some extent to its large 
 amount of water surface. I)o\ibtless this, taken 
 with its great distance inland, is a very healthful 
 feature for Hennepin county. 
 
 Tlie Crow is not regarded as a navigable river, 
 tlumgh. at one time. ("ai)t. Rollins made a run. 
 Willi the ■• Gov. Ramsey." twenty miles up the 
 
 stream. Its banks are low and wooded, present- 
 ing no marked features. The line river scenery 
 is on tlie Mississippi from the falls to Fort 
 Snelling. Tlirough(uit this di.stance. of nine 
 miles, the river runs through a gorge about 
 eighty rods wide, with high. bare, rocky 
 bluffs on each side. This is the grandest 
 scenery of the Xorthwesl. .Vfter the great tribu- 
 tary, the Minnesota, forms its junction, at Fort 
 Snelling. the gorge widens to about a mile. The 
 same rock - ribbed walls are, liowever. continued. 
 If we pass up tlie Minnesota, we find the banks 
 changed in their character. The bluffs, instead 
 of being bare and rocky, are turfed and grown up 
 to small wood. .\t the early settlement of the 
 county, these banks were described as simply 
 grassy, but the absence of wood was. probably, 
 due to fires sweeping over them. 
 
 tieologists interpret the clayey deposit, west of 
 the river, and other debris moved by the icebergs 
 of the glacial period, as indicating great surface 
 changes in the <-ounty. as well as in the volume 
 and course of its rivere. The Minnesota was 
 once the largest river, and the Mississippi flowed 
 into it. 
 
 GKOLOUY .\Nn MIXEK.\LO(iY. 
 
 The general contour of the county is nearly 
 level, with an undulating drift surface. In a 
 lielt varying from six miles to less than one mile 
 in width along the Mississippi, the narrowest 
 point of which is in North Minneapolis, the drift 
 has been modified by the river, and presents 
 almost a level surface, with a soil lighter and 
 more sandy than in parts more remote from the 
 river. Co-existent with the line which marks the 
 limit of this drift, is that of the supposed line be- 
 tween the St. Peter sandstone and the Shakopee 
 limestone of the Lower Magnesian formation. 
 The belt included in this line has. a nearly uni- 
 form flat surface, occasionally diversified by a 
 knoll of hard-pan drift. Excavations made at 
 different points inchided in this belt, never fail 
 to reveal this hard-pan. rnderlying this tract. 
 is a laminated or flaky clay, which, when burned, 
 yields an excellent (luality of brick of that creamy 
 color known as •• ^lilwaukee brick." 
 
 The principal out-cropping rocks are the Tren- 
 ton limestone and St. Peter sandstone. The 
 Shakopee limestone crops out at Shakopee, on
 
 GEOLOGY, SOIL AND VEGETATION. 
 
 181 
 
 the opposite side of the Minnesota River, and is 
 believed to exist, covered by the drift, througli- 
 out Hennepin county. It is known ainonf? build- 
 ers as '■ Kasota Stone," named from the town 
 where it is extensively quarried. It was called 
 Shakopee limestone from its beintr first noticed 
 and classified at the out-crop in Shakopee. 
 
 The Trenton Limestone is composed of three 
 distinct layers— Upper Trenton, Green Shale and 
 Lower Trenton. The Lower is the oiUy out- 
 cropping stratum in the county. The Green 
 Shales are only found on excavating the drift. 
 It is quite fossiliferous. and sometimes called, 
 incorrectly, soap-stone. The Lower Trenton oc- 
 curs along the bluffs of the Mississii)pi. at and 
 below the falls. It is plainly seen in the quarry 
 below the University. The upper stratum, eight 
 feet, is impure limestone. Under this is a more 
 impure stratum, though of similar character. 
 Third, four feet eight inches Green Shales. 
 Fourth, a little more than two feet of stone used 
 for the roughest building. Underlying, the fifth 
 layer, is the building stone, fifteen feet in thick- 
 ness, used so extensively in the construction of 
 the best walls in this and adjoining counties. 
 This stone is too argillaceous (clayey) to l)e a re- 
 liable building material. Its weakness consists 
 in the shales interlarded between layers of the 
 limestone. This causes, also, a mottled appear- 
 ance on the surface of the stone. The dark spots 
 are shale, and the lighter colored, limestone. 
 Sixth, two feet of blue shale is found. This last 
 layer rests upon the St. Peter sandstone. 
 
 The fact that the harder limestone of the lower 
 Trenton is super-imposed on the softer St. Peter 
 sandstone gives rise to our water falls. The 
 action of the water cuts away the underlying St. 
 Peter, thus producing after many years' erosion, 
 a great fall. The position of the layers also 
 threatened at one time the destruction of the 
 falls which they had previously produced. Little 
 streams had so percolated the sandstoiie as to 
 render it more than probable that the overlying 
 limestone would soon be undermined, and the 
 the magnificent fall be change into a sinqile rapid. 
 Prompt and efficient measures on the part of 
 capitalists, assisted by the general government. 
 arrested the danger, and rescued the fall. 
 
 SOIL AND VEGETATION. 
 
 The soil of the county may be distinguished 
 as of two classes ; sandy soil, occupying the belt 
 before described, near the river, and the grayish 
 clay. The changes noticed in the vegetation, 
 as one passes through, will indicate the change 
 in the soil beneath. Copses of oak and aspen 
 show the soil to be sandy, while the large sugar 
 maples, American elms, bass and red oak point 
 out the clayey soil. On the clay also grow the 
 butternut, soft maple, bitternut, black ash, white 
 ash. poplar, white birch and white oak. 
 
 The principal shrulis are hazel, smooth sumac, 
 wolf-berry, thorn, elder, honey-suckle, kiimikin- 
 nick. wild rose, prickly ash, and speckled elder. 
 Many water-loving plants abound along the 
 numerous lakes. 
 
 Frost grapes, wild plums, American or native 
 crab-apples, black and red cherries, june-berries, 
 choke-cherries, prickly and smootli wild goose- 
 berries, high bush cranberries, high l)lackberries, 
 black and red rasiiljerries. straw berries and cran- 
 berries are the principal wild fruits. 
 
 From the middle of the county westward the 
 soil is clay, rolling and heavily tindiered. East of 
 this is the belt containing the small, sparse tim- 
 1 ber. covering the eastern part of ilaple Grove 
 I and Plymouth, the western part of Minneapolis 
 and the central portions of Richfield and Bloom- 
 ington. with occasional tracts in Minnetonka and 
 Eden Prairie. 
 
 The soil and climate favor the production of 
 spring-wheat. This is grown to the exclusion of 
 winter-wheat which winter-kills. The hardness 
 of the kernel of Minnesota spring-wheat gives a 
 superior quality to the Hour of our mills. Other 
 small grains, of ordinary farming, are readily 
 produced. Sorghum has recently become an im- 
 portant article of production. The cultivation 
 of fruits has been proved practicable although it 
 was long suijposed impossiljle to mature choice 
 varieties. Peter M. (Gideon, of Excelsior, has 
 done more than any other man foi- the improve- 
 ment of varieties of fruits. It can almost be 
 said that he has done all in tliis county. lie 
 struggled for a long time unaided, but now has 
 charge of a '"State Experimental Farm." Trees 
 were set out on this farm in the spring of 1878. 
 There, with the patronage of the state. Mr. (iid-
 
 182 
 
 HISTOBY OF HEN^^EPIN COUlS'TT. 
 
 eon will coiitiinic liis experiments. Ilis pni'iiose 
 is to proilnce an apple that is a long keeper, anil 
 grown on a hardy stock. It is impossible in this 
 article to descrilie his methods. For hardiness, 
 necessarily the hrst requsite in this climate, he 
 depends on the crab stock. Some \alualile va- 
 rieties have already been obtained. 
 
 ZOOLOGY. 
 
 On the same sirounds that Minnesota has been 
 called the sportsman's state, this county might be 
 called the sportsman's county. Its lakes, prairies 
 and forests are the natural haunts of the many 
 varieties of game with which the state aliounds. 
 Gray and prairie wolves, bears, wild cats, rac- 
 coons, foxes, deer, rabbits, squirrels, gophers 
 (found in such abundance throughout the state, 
 as to cause it to be called the "Gopher State ") 
 and wood clmcks, were all found in abundance, 
 within a few years, and many of them abound 
 now. Some water animals, sought for their furs. 
 are trapped. The otter, mink, bea\er and musk- 
 rat furnish the most valuable pelts. Grouse 
 (prairie-hensi. partridges, and pigeons, are the 
 principal featliered game, except in the season 
 when ducks, brant and wild geese abound. 
 
 This county shares with the state in a multi- 
 tude of small birds of brilliant plumage. Some 
 varieties are peculiar to this vicinity. They de- 
 light the eye and ear of the toiirists, who frequent 
 the charming lakes, woods and streams. The 
 lakes abound in the usual varieties of fish. Some 
 interest has licen shown in adding new and im- 
 proved kinds. 
 
 C'LIM.\TE. 
 
 The climate of this county and those imme- 
 diately adjoining, gave to Jilinnesota at an early 
 day, its reputation for health and made it the 
 asylum for invalids. No other county in tlie 
 state is better situated or more favoraldy known 
 for health. It is very beneficial to invaUds suf- 
 fering from pulmonary diseases. Instances where 
 this climate does not effect a cure for such in- 
 valids, can usually be explained by the fact that 
 the disease was allowed to progress too far before 
 trying the remedy, or some other circumstance, 
 peculiar to the patient and not chargeable to the 
 climate, interfered. 
 
 EDUCATIOX. 
 
 The first settlers of this comity brought with 
 them from Xew England, not only the fear of 
 God. which lead them to l)uild churches, but. as 
 the natural conccimitant of the Bible is iducation, 
 they brought in their hearts the desire for schools 
 and at once set about educational work. 
 
 Keflnementand social culture were as essential 
 to them as the vital air. It has been said, and 
 truthfully, that the tendency of western life is 
 verging toward barbarism. Here, however, cul- 
 ture and refinement followed closely on the heels 
 of settlement. It is already abreast of the 
 boasted East in public education. 
 
 It can be safely said, that the whole state, but 
 pre-eminently Hennepin county has made greater 
 progress in education during the last twenty-two 
 years than any other state or comity in the 
 Uiuted States. The first school taught was by 
 Miss Electa Bachus, in the summer of 1849, in a 
 small shanty on the east side. This was under 
 territorial jurisdiction. In the fall of that year. 
 the first school house was built in the county. 
 
 The next teacher, was Jliss Nancy E. ISIlller. 
 The first teacher on the west side, was IMiss 
 Mary A. Scofield. The first male teacher, was 
 Reuben Clark. Thirty years only have passed 
 since one little school was all and suflicient for 
 the wants of the community. 
 
 The following is extracted from the official re- 
 port of 1879, for the sake of contrast. School 
 districts, 110 ; school houses, 130 ; graded schools 
 outside of Minneapolis, o ; scholars enrolled. 
 10,245. A larger proportion of children of 
 school age attend school in this than in any 
 other state. 
 
 CIIAPTEK XXXIV. 
 
 ! ORGANIZATION OF COUNTY — OFFICIAL RECORD 
 —JUDICIAL KECORD— LIST OF COUNTY' OFFI- 
 CERS. 
 
 The bill which fixed the boundaries of this 
 county, passed the Territorial Legislature in 1852, 
 and was approved ^larch t>th. of the same year. 
 It originally formed a yy.nt of Dakota county.
 
 OBOANIZATION OF COUNTY— OFFICIAL RECORD. 
 
 183 
 
 The bill provided tliat " So much of Dakota 
 county as lies north of the Minnesota River, west 
 of the Mississippi, and east of a line commencina; 
 at a place known {is the Little Rapids, on said 
 Minnesota River ; thence in a direct line north by 
 west, to the forks of Crow River ; thence down 
 said river to its junction with the Mississippi." 
 The bill further provided that Hennepin county 
 be attached to Ramsey, for judicial purposes. 
 "Until further provided for." For elective pur- 
 poses it was to remain, as then, in conjunction 
 with Dakota county, so far as related to tlie elec- 
 tion of a councillor and two representatives, un- 
 til the next apportionnient. 
 
 Section 3 of the bill provided that, " ^Vhen the 
 treaty of Mendota, concluded with the Dakota 
 Indians, should be ratified by the United States 
 Senate, the county of Ileiniepin shall l)e entitled 
 to elect, at the next general election, such county 
 and other officials as the organized counties were 
 entitled to."' Section 4 provided that the county 
 commissioners elected, should be authorized to 
 establish the county seat temporarily, " Until the 
 same is permanently estal)lished by the legisla- 
 ture, or authorized votes of the qualified voters of 
 .said county." 
 
 The county was f(n'mally organized on the :21st 
 day of October, 18o2. Eleven days previous, an 
 election was held at the house of Col. John H. Ste- 
 vens, at which 73 votes were polled, representing 
 about one-half of the voters residing in tlie coini- 
 ty. Another voting place was fixed at Mendota, 
 for the accommodation of those living along the 
 Minnesota River. Previous to the election, a 
 mass-meeting was held, at which the following 
 ticket was nominated, irrespective of party: 
 
 Representative, Dr. A. E. Ames ; County Com- 
 missioners, Alex. Moore, John Jackins, Joseph 
 Dean; County Treasurer, John T, Maim ; Reg- 
 ister of Deeds, John H. Stevens ; District Attor- 
 ney, Warren Bristol ; Sheriff, Isaac Brown ; Cor- 
 oner, David Gorham ; Judge of Proliale, Joel B. 
 Bassett; County Surveyor, Charles W. Christ- 
 mas ; Assessors, Edwin lledderly, Eli Pettijohn, 
 S. A. Goodrich : Road Commissioner, George 
 Parks. The entire ticket was elected without 
 opposition, and the parties named became the 
 first officers of Hennepin county. They were 
 nominated and elected without effort on their 
 part, and in many instances, against their ex- 
 
 pressed wish. The first meeting of the Board of 
 County Commissioners was held on the 21st of 
 October, 1852, Alexander Moore being chosen 
 chairman. Dr. H. Fletcher was the first Justice 
 of the Peace before the county organization, and 
 Edwin Hedderly the first Justice after the county 
 organization. Politically, little need be said of 
 Hennepin comity. In its earlier days, and until 
 the organization of the Republican party, the 
 contest for political preferment, was between the 
 old Whig and Democratic parties, the latter 
 usually being in the ascendency. Xow. in con- 
 sequence of the death of some of the giants in 
 the land, the masses could no longer be held to 
 the old lines. The Whig party died with Clay. 
 Political chaos throughout the country followed. 
 Down went Whig and Know-Nothing, and out of 
 the ruins was built the Republican party It is 
 not important to give the position of politicians 
 in this state during the political chaos. Since, the 
 RepubUcan element has, with a few exceptions in 
 local politics, been the ruling factor. In State 
 and Xational politics the county is largely Re- 
 publican. 
 
 OFFICIAL UECORD 
 
 of State, Judicial and Legislative officers of Ilen- 
 nepm comity. The first Territorial Legislature 
 convened September ;^d, 1S4S), and adjoiuned 
 the first of the following Xovember. The county 
 was represented in the Council by John Rollins 
 and Martin McLeod, and in the House, by Win. 
 R. Marshall, Win. Dugas, Fifth District ; Ale.xis 
 Bailey and Gideon H, Pond, Seventh District. 
 
 Second Legislatuir, Jan. \M to March 31.<i<, 18.51. 
 —John Rollins, Martin McLeod, Council: John 
 W. North, E. Patcheii, House, Fifth District : 
 Benjamin H. Randall, Seventh District. 
 
 Third Legislature, Jan. ~th to March Hth, 1852.— 
 Wm. L. Lamed, Martin McLeod, Council ; Sum- 
 ner W. Farnham, John II. Murpliy. and Benj.H. 
 Randall, House. 
 
 Fourth Leyislatiirr. .Ian. Hth to March oth. 1853. 
 — Wm. L. Lamed, Martin McLeod, Council ; R. 
 P. Bassett, G. B. Dutton, A. E. Ames, B. H. 
 Randall, House. 
 
 Fifth Legislature, Jan. ith to March ith, 1854.— 
 Chas. T. Stevens, Council; Cephas Gardner, 
 Henry S. Phmimer, Hezekiah Fletcher. House.
 
 184 
 
 HISTOBY OF JIEXyEPIX COUyTY. 
 
 Sixth Liyisldture, Jun. 3(? to ^larch Sd. 1855. — 
 Chas. T. Stevens, Council ; A. M. Fiiilley, Dan- 
 iel StanchfieUl, D. M. Hanson, House. 
 
 By the apportionment of 1S55. the precinct of 
 St. Anthou\ \\ as ilesignated as the Third District, 
 and Heimepin. (west,) Carver and Davis, as the 
 Eleventh, and remained so initil the adoption of 
 the state constitution. 
 
 Seventh Legislature, Jan. '2d to March 1st, 1856. 
 —J. Eollins. D. M. Hanson. Council. Third Dist.. 
 Sumner W. Farnham. C. AV. Le Boutillier, James 
 F. Bradley. Tliomas W. Peirce. Arba Cleveland, 
 Thomas B. limit, Francii Thorudike, House, 
 Eleventh Dist. 
 
 CONSTITl'TIOXAL COXVESTIOX. 
 
 Pursuant to an act of the territoriallegislature, 
 approved ilareh 3d. 1857, an election was held on 
 the first Monday in Jime. to elect delegates to 
 the convention, called for the purpose of fiamiug 
 a state constitution. The following are the names 
 of Hennepin county delegates ; 
 
 Bepvhlican wing, 3d Dist — D. A. Secombe, P. 
 Winell,L. C. Walker. J. H. Murphy ; Uth fHxt.— 
 Cyrus Aldrich. A\'eutworth Hayden. R. L. Bar- 
 tholomew. W. F. Russell. Charles B. Sheldon, 
 David Morgan. E. X. Bates. D. F. Smith. 
 
 Democratic wing, 3d Dist. — B. B. Meeker. Wm. 
 M. Lashells, Calvin A. Tuttle, C. L. Chase ; Uth 
 i>isf.— Alfred E. Ames. 
 
 AVith the adoption of the state constitution, a 
 new apportionment named as the Fourth District. 
 " So much of Hennepin as lies west of the Missis- 
 sippi River ": that portion east of the river, as 
 the Twenty-third District. The result of the 
 first fall election, imder the new constitution, 
 was. Senate — 4th Dist., Erastus X. Bates. Delano 
 T. Smith : liSd Dist.. Jonathan Chase. Home-- 
 4th Dist., R. B. Gibson. George H. Keith. Wm. 
 S. Chowen ; 23d Dist., "\Vm. H. Townsend. L. C. 
 Walker. 
 
 Xo session of the legislature was held during 
 the winter of 1858-9, owing to the extra session 
 just preceding. At tlie October election, liow- 
 ever, the following officers were elected from 
 Hennepin county, though they never took their 
 seats: floi/.sf — W. D. Washburn, A.C.Austin, 
 R. B. McGrath, and A. Gould ; Senate— 23d Dist., 
 David Heaton. 
 
 Second Legislature. 1859-bO. — Senate. 4th Dist., 
 Jesse Bishop. R. L. Bartholomew : 23d Dist.. D. 
 A. Heaton ; House, 4th Dist.. J. P. Abraham, 
 Henry B. Mann. A. C. Austin. Irwin Shrewsbury : 
 23d Dist., D. A. Secombe. G. P. Balihvin. 
 
 In 1860, another apportionment occurred, nam- 
 ing Hennepin East as the Fourth District, and 
 Hennepin West as the Fifth. 
 
 Tliird Legislature, 1861.— Senate. 4th Di«t.. Da- 
 vid Heaton : oth Dist.. R. J.Baldwin; House, 
 4tli Dist.. Jared Benson. G. Y. Mayhew : 5th Dist. 
 F. R. E. Cornell. AVentwcntli Hayden. 
 
 Fourth Ltyislaturt. 1862. — Senate. 4th Dist., 
 David Heaton; oth Dist., R. J. Baldwin; House, 
 4th Dist.. J. H. Allen, Jared Benson : 5th Dist., 
 F. R. E. Cornell. John C. Past. 
 
 Fifth Legislature, 1863.— Senate. 4th Dist.. Da- 
 vid Heaton ; oth Dist., R.J.Baldwin; House, 
 4th Dist., Dwight AVoodbur\ . H. J. Croswell ; 
 5th Dist., A. C. Austin, R. B. McGrath. 
 
 Sixth Legislature, 1864.— Senate. 4th Dist.. John 
 S. Pillsbury: oth Dist.. Dorilus Morrison ; House, 
 4tli Dist.. Jared Benson, Jonathan Firren ; 5th 
 Dist., John A. Coleman, Gilbert Graham. 
 
 Seventh Legislature, 1865. — Senate. 4th Dist.. 
 John S. Pillsbury, Dorilus Morrison ; House, 
 4th Dist.. F. M. Stowell, Stephen Hewson ; 5th 
 Dist.. Cyrus Aldrich. F. E. E. Cornell. 
 
 Eighth Legislature. 1866. — (The apportionment 
 this year did not affect Hennepin, east or west.) 
 —Senate. 4th Dist.. John S. Pillsbury ; 5th Dist., 
 C. H. Pettit ; House. 4th Dist.. E. W. Cutler. A. 
 E. Hayden : 5th Dist.. Aaron Gould. Jonas H. 
 Howe. 
 
 Xinth Legislature, 1867.— Senate. 4tli Dist.. J. 
 S. Pillsbury; 5th Dist., J. C. "Oliitney ; House. 
 4th Dist.. H. F. Blodgett : 5th Dist.. A. E. Ames. 
 Aaron GJould. John Seboski. 
 
 Tenth Legislature, 1868 -Senate, 4th Dist.. Jolui 
 S. Pillsbury ; 5th Dist.. C. H. Peftit; House. 4th 
 Dist.. Samuel Ross; 5th Dist.. C. D. Davison, 
 Chas. H. Clark. John H. Hechtman. 
 
 Eln-aith Legislature. 1860.— Senate. 4th Dist., 
 William Lochren ; 5th Dist., C. H. Pettit ; House, 
 4th Dist., A. M. Fridley; 5th Dist.. C. D. Davi- 
 son. A. K. Hall, Chas. H. Clark. 
 
 Twelfth Legislature, 1870.— Senate. 4tb Dist., 
 AVilliam Lochren: 5th Dist.. C. II. Pettit.
 
 OFFICIAL RECORD— JUDICIAL RECORD. 
 
 185 
 
 House, 4tli Dist., A. M. Fiidley. A. K. Hall. E. 
 A. Rice, J. II. Pond. 
 
 Thirteenth Leyisk(tun\ 1871.— Senate, 4th Dist., 
 John S. Pillsbury; -jtli Dist., C. H. Pettit ; 
 House, A. M. Fridley; 6th Dist.. W. D. Wasli- 
 buin, A. U. Hall. A. J. rndeiwoud. 
 
 Ajjportionmcnt of 1871. — Under this apportion- 
 ment, Hennepin East Ijecame a part of tlie :2.3tli 
 Distriot, and Hennepin West formed tlie 26th 
 and 27th Districts. The 2.5th Distrift was given 
 one senator and two representatives, tlie 2t)th a 
 senator and four representatives, and the 27tli a 
 senator and three representatives. 
 
 Fourteenth Leyislature,lS72—SenA\.e.2'A\\ Dist.. 
 A. C. Morrell; 2Bth Dist., Levi Butler: 27tli 
 Dist., Wm. P. Anlieny ; House, 2.5th Dist., Fraulc- 
 lin Whitney, John H. Strong ; 26th Dist., A. J. 
 Underwood, C. II. Clarlv, C. F. Adams, Loren 
 Fletdier; 27tli Dist., A. R. Hall, Z. Demeules, 
 F. L. Morse. 
 
 Fifteenth Legislature, 1873.— Senate. 2.5th Dist.. 
 John S. Pillsbury ; iitith Dist., Levi Butler; 27th 
 Dist., R. B. Langdon ; House, 25th Dist., James 
 MeCann, Daniel Anderson; 2()th Dist., 0. B. 
 Tii-rell, Loren Fletcher. Chas. II. Clark, ('. F. 
 Adams; 27th Dist., A. R. Hall, Z. Demeules, 
 M. r. Comerford. 
 
 Sixteenth Legishilure. 187-1. — Senate. 2.5lh Dist., 
 John S. Pillsbury ; 2tJth Dist., Levi Butler; 27th 
 Dist., R. B. Langdon; House. 2.5th Dist., C. F. 
 Woodbury, Lyman Brown ; 2(ith Dist., C. B. Tir- 
 rell, Loren Fletcher, C. F. Adams, C. II. Pettit ; 
 27th Dist., A. R. Hall. F. L. Morse. John Ilecht- 
 man. 
 
 Seventeenth Legislature, 187.5. — Senate, 2.5th 
 Dist., John S. Pillsbury ; 2f>th Dist., Levi Butler; 
 27th Dist., R. B. Langdon ; House, 2.5th Dist., C. 
 T. Woodbury, Daniel Anderson; 26th Dist., C. 
 H. Pettit, C. H. Drake, Loren Fletcher, A. In- 
 gerson; 27th Dist., Geo. A. Camp, Frank L. 
 Morse, Daniel Bassett. 
 
 Eighteenth Leyishiture, 1876.— Senate, 2.5th Dist., 
 J. B. Gilfillan; 26th Dist., Levi Butler; 27th 
 Dist., R. B. Langdon; House, 2oth Dist., F. 
 Whitney, Daniel Anderson ; 26th Dist., C. II. 
 Pettit, Leander Gorton, John H. Stevens, C. B. 
 Tirrell; 27th Dist., A. M. Reid, Daniel Bassett, 
 Frank L. Morse. 
 Kineteenth Legislature, 1877.— Senate, 25th Dist., 
 
 John B. Gilfillan; 26th Dist., Levi Butler; 27tli 
 Dist., R. B. Langdon; House, 25tli Dist., D. 
 Anderson, G. W. Putnam; 26tli Dist.. (ieo. H. 
 Johnson, L. Fletcher, W. II. Rouse, J. II. 
 Clark; 27th Dist., A. R. Hall, Andrew J. Smith, 
 Peter Weinant. 
 
 Twentieth Legislature, 1878. — Senate, 25th Dist., 
 John B. Gilfillan; 26th Dist., Charles A. Pills- 
 bury; 27th Dist., R. B. Langdon; House, 2oth 
 Dist., Geo. W. Putnam. Baldwin Brown ; 26th 
 Dist., W. H. Johnson, H. G. Hicks, J. H. Clark, 
 Ed. :McDerniott; 27th Dist., Frank L. Mcn'se, 
 Peter Weinant. Harry Ghostly. This I^egisla- 
 lure adopted bi-ennial sessions. 
 
 Ttrenti^-first Legislature, 1879. — ( Xo session, 
 official Roster as follows: ) Senate, 2.5th Dist., 
 J. B. Gilfillan; 26th Dist., C. A. Pillsbury; 27th 
 Dist., E. M. AVilson; House. 2.5th Dist., Jared 
 Benson, Daniel Anderson ; 26th Dist., H. G. 
 Hicks, W. H. Johnson, A. Tharalson, J. Thomp- 
 son. Jr.; 27lh Dist.. John Baxter, (ieo. Iluhn, 
 A. J. Smith. 
 
 Twenty- first Legislature, Election of 1880. — 
 Senate, 27th Dist., R. B. Langdon; House, 27th 
 Dist., John Baxter, (ieo. Iluhn, A. Roberts. 
 
 .irDI(I.\L RECORD. 
 
 Tlie scales of justice were first poised in the old 
 government mill, on the second Monday in July, 
 1849, by Hon. Bradley B. Meeker, Circuit Judge 
 by appointment of Ciov. Ramsey ; Taylor Dudley, 
 clerk of the court, Franklin Steele, foreman of 
 the grand jurx . The session lasted one week. 
 The first session after the organization of the 
 county, was lield in a small liouse afterwards oc- 
 cupied by Anson Northup. This was in 1852. 
 Sweet W. Case was clerk of the court. Dr. Alfred 
 E. Ames, foreman of the grand jury. The ses- 
 sion was short, only two or three indictments 
 being found, and these quashed by the judge. 
 Following this, in the order given, were Judges 
 A. G. Chatfield. M. Sherburne. Chas. E. Flan- 
 drau, James Hall, Edward O. Hamlin, Chas. E. 
 Vanderburgh, and A. II. Young. Judge Van- 
 derburgh was elected in 18.59. and has since filled 
 the office. Should he continue until the expira- 
 tion of his present term, it would make for him 
 twenty-eight consecutive years. Judge Young 
 was appointed Judge of the Court of Common 
 Pleas for Hennepin comity, in May, 1872, by Gov.
 
 186 
 
 HISTOBT OF HEXNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 Austin. At the fall electidii following, he was 
 elected to the ollice for the term of five years. 
 In 1877, was elected Judge of the Fourth Judicial 
 District, under an act of the legislature allowing 
 two or more juilges in one district. 
 
 LIST OF COUNTY OFFICERS WHOSE TERMS OF 
 SERVICE OCCURRED IN THE ORDER GIVEN. 
 
 Count!/ Atiditrirti—[Unii\ 18.59, the duties now 
 allotted to this otlice were performed by the Reg- 
 ister of Deeds.] Ilobart O. Hamlin, Harlow A. 
 Gale. Anton (irelhen. Jacob Schaefer. Mahlon 
 Black. Francis S. McDonald. 
 
 Beyisters of Deeds— John II. Stevens, Geo. E. 
 Huy, Chas. G. Ames, Geo. W. Chowen, Robert 
 K. Bryant. James Bryant, L. P. Plummer. ('has. 
 Robinson. 
 
 Clerks of f'o!n-(— Sweet W. Case, Henry A. 
 Partridge, Ilobart O. Hamlin, John W. Plum- 
 mer, George W. Chowen, John P. Plummer, I). 
 \V. Albaugh. Altiert M. Jerome, Jacob A. "\Vol- 
 verton, E. J. Davenport. 
 
 Count!) Attorn('!i.'<— Warren Bristol, D. M. Han- 
 son, Isaac Atwater. (Jeo. A. Xourse, James R. 
 Lawrence, Jr., Ashley C. ilorrill. Wm. W. Mc- 
 Xair. John 15. (Jillillan. George K. Kobiuson. 
 John B. GilliUan. David A. Secombe, John B. 
 Gilflllan, Jas. W. Lawrence, AVm. E. Hale. 
 
 Sheriffs — Isaac Brown, Benjamin E. ^lesser. 
 Benjamin F. Baker. Edw aid Lipjiincott. Richard 
 Strout, John A. Armstrong. Vi'm. Byrnes. Henry 
 G. Hicks, Geo. II. Johnson, Nathaniel R. 
 Thompson, J. M. Eustis. 
 
 County Trcttsuirni — John T. Mann. Allen Har- 
 mon, John L. Tenny, David Morgan, Joseph 
 Dean, John S. "Walker, O. B. King, Jesse G. 
 Jones, L. R. Palnicr, ^^'. AV. Huntington. Frank 
 Slocum. 
 
 County Sun«2/ors— Charles W. Christmas, Lew is 
 Harrington, David Charlton, Franklin Cook, C. 
 W. Christmas, C. B. Chapman. C. "W. Christmas. 
 G. W. Cooley, S. II. Baker, Frank Plummer. 
 
 Coroners — David Gorham, Henry ^lenninger. 
 J. C. Williams, F. A. Conwell, C, H. Blecken, 
 P. O. Chilstrom, Petrus Nelson. A. C. Fairbairn. 
 
 Court Commissioners — [Otlice created in 1863.] — 
 
 N. H. Miner, Lardner Bostwick, X. H. Miner, 
 Samuel R. Thayer, .\lbee Smith. Freeman P. 
 Lane. 
 
 Connty Supvrintt mhnts of Schools — Until 1864. 
 
 the examination of teachers was conducted by 
 commissioners. At a meeting of the County 
 Commissioners, September 7th, 1864, a resolution 
 was passed authorizing the employment of a Su- 
 perintendent of Schools for Hennepin county. 
 At an adjourned meeting, held September l!)th, 
 J. T. Pribble was appointed, with a salary of S6()i) 
 per year. In I860 re-appointed; again in 186t), 
 with salary raised to ?900 per year. Septeml)er 
 8th. ]S6i), Rev. C. B. Sheldon was appointed fnmi 
 JanuaiN to April, 1870. At a subsequent meeting 
 the County Commissioners resolved to authorize 
 Commissioner Bartow to employ an examiner of 
 applicants for School Superintendent. Prof. <). 
 A'. Tousley was selected, and conducted the ex- 
 amuialioii in presence of the commissioners, on 
 the oth of January, 1870. On the following day, 
 January 6th, a ballot was taken by the commis- 
 sioners, resulting in a tie vote between Charles 
 Hoag and Rev. C. B. Sheldon. On the 4th of 
 April another ballot was taken, resulting in the 
 election of Charles Hoag for a term of two years, 
 from April oth, 1870; salary ?8o0. At a meet- 
 ing of the commissioners in 1872, jNIr. Hoag was 
 re-elected, and salary increased to §1,000, At a 
 meeting. January 6th, 1874, four candidates pre- 
 sented themselves— B. B. Barnard, C. Allen. I. 
 S. Rankin, and M. Cochran. Mr. Rankin was 
 elected on the third ballot. On the 8th of Jan- 
 ! nary, 1876, C. W. Smith was unanimously elect- 
 j ed, and has been continued in the office on an 
 increased salary, up to the present time. 
 
 Judges of Probate — Joel B. Bassett, Dr. A. E. 
 Ames, E. S. Jones, Lardner Bostwick, N. II. 
 Ilemiup, Franklin Beebe, E. A. Gove, P. M. 
 \ Babcock, John P. Rea. 
 
 County Commissioners, 1852 to 1858.— [First 
 three elected at time of county organization, 
 others at subsequent elections.] — Joseph Dean, 
 Alexander Moore. John Jackins, "\V. Getchell. 
 Henry Townsend, Alexander Gould, G. G. Loo- 
 mis, David A. Secombe, (i. AV. Chowen, Nathan- 
 iel Kellogg. 
 
 1858— [ County Board composed of chairmen 
 of the several Town Boards and Wards of St. An- 
 thony.] Some strife arose at this meeting over 
 credentials. S. L. Merriman. of Minnetrista, 
 w;\s refused a seat, for want of evidence either 
 of election or appointment. James Crowe was 
 admitted from the Second Ward of St. Anthony.
 
 COUNTY OFFICIALS. 
 
 187 
 
 The chairman admitted to seats, with the Towns 
 anil Wards represented, are liere given : Brook- 
 lyn, E. T. Ailing; Bloomington, Martin Mc 
 Leod ; Corcoran, Israel Dorman ; Dayton, A. C. 
 Kimball ; Excelsior, R. B. McGrath ; Eden Prai- 
 rie, Aaron Gonld ; Ilambnrg, Val. Chilson ; 
 Hassan, Samuel Finical ; Independence, Irwin 
 Shrewsbury ; Maple Grove, A. C. Austin ; Min- 
 neapolis. B. P. Bussell; Minnetonka, Fred Bas- 
 sett ; Plymouth, Francis Hunt ; Greenwood, X. 
 D. Ferrill ; Richland, Joel Brewster ; St. An- 
 thony, First Ward. D. Knobloch i Second Ward. 
 Jas. Crowe; Tliird Ward. W. .M. Ilerron; Fourth 
 Ward, J. C. Johnson; Town of St. .Vntlidiiy. J. 
 
 B. Gilbert. 
 
 lSo9— Brooklyn, I). C. Smith; Bloomington. 
 Martin McLeod ; Champlin, W. Hayden ; Cor- 
 coran, P. B. Corcoran; Dayton, W. W. Cate ; 
 Eden Prairie, Aaron Goidd ; Excelsior, George 
 (ialpin ; CJreeiiwood, Jf . D. Ferrill ; Hassan. 
 John Mitchell; Independence, Irwin Shrewbury; 
 Minnetonka, Fred. Bassett ; Minneapolis, IT. C. 
 Keith, Cyrus Aldrich, J. S. Malbon; Maple Plain, 
 
 C. W. Blowers; Medina, J. A. Coleman; Plym- 
 outh, J. M. Parker; Richfield, Geo. Odell ; St. 
 Anthony, (i. W. Thurber, R. W. Cummings, J. 
 B. (Jilbert. At a meeting of the Board. June 
 •5th, 1860, the county was divided into Commis- 
 sioners Districts as follows : 
 
 District No. 1 — Second, Third and Fourtli 
 Wards of St. Anthony. 
 
 District Xn. 2— Brooklyn, Crystal Lake, St. 
 Anthony town, and First Ward of city. 
 
 District No. 3— Minneapolis. 
 
 District No. 4 — Minnetrista, Minnetonka, Ply- 
 mouth, Excelsior, Eden Prairie, Bloomington 
 and Richfield. 
 
 District No. 5 — Champlin, Dayton, Hassan. 
 Corcoran, ^laple Grove. Independence. Green- 
 wood, Medina. 
 
 Coinmissioncrs, 1800 — R. W. Cummings. II. 
 Fletcher, D. Schmitz. J. B. Ilinkley, Wm. Finch. 
 
 1861— A. B. Blakeman. James Sully, Ezra 
 Hanscomb, J. B. Hinkley, William Finch. 
 
 1862-3— A. B. Blakeman, H. S. Plummer, 
 James Sully, Wm. Finch, J. 15. Hinkley. 
 
 186-t— James Sulley, Sewell Phelps, E. W. 
 Grindall, J. B. Hinkley. 
 
 186.5— James Sully, Sewell Phelps, H. S. Plum- 
 
 mer, II. II. Hopkins. A. B. Blakeman, J. A. 
 Coleman. J. B. Ilinkley. 
 
 1866— James Sully, E. W. Grindall, J. A. 
 Coleman, Sewell Phelps, H. II. Hopkins. 
 
 1867-8— Sewell Phelps, J. A. Coleman, J. 
 Sully. J. P. Plummer. 
 
 1869— James Sully, A. II. Benson, V\'m. E. 
 Evans, Samuel Bartow, David Edwards. 
 
 1870— Wm. E. Evans. David Edwards, Samuel 
 ]5artow. Ezra Hanscomb. W. E. Jt)nes. 
 
 1871 — Wm. E. Jones, David Edwards, Ezra 
 Hanscomb, J. G. McFarlane. James A. Ball. 
 
 1S72 — Wm. E. Jones, Ezra Hanscomb. Davi<l 
 Edwards, J. G. McFarlane, Benj. I'arker. 
 
 1873-4-5- J. G. McFarlane. Wm. Pettit. Benj. 
 Parker, David Eihvards, Wm. Finch, R. S. 
 Stevens, J. E. Mitchell. 
 
 1876— D. Edwards. J. (J. McFarlane. L. K. 
 Palmer. Horace Wilson, ('has. II. Ward, Stiles 
 Grisy, Wm. Pettit. 
 
 1877- 1). Edwards, Edwin Hedderly. Chas. II. 
 Ward, L. It. Palmer, Horace Wilson. 
 
 1878 — L. R. Palmer, Jesse Jones, Charles H. 
 Ward. Horace Wilson, M. W. Glenn. 
 
 1879— Horace Wilson. M. W. Glenn. L.K. Pal- 
 mer. Chas. H. Ward, .Jacob Schaefer. 
 
 Noccmher, 1880— The following officers were 
 elected : Auditor, F. S. :McDonald ; Register of 
 Deeds, Chas. Roliinson; Clerk of Court. E. J. 
 Davenport; County Attorney, W. E. Hale; 
 Sheriif , J. M. Eustis ; Surveyor, Frank Plummer ; 
 Coroner, Dr. A. C. Fairbairn: Senate, 27th Dist.. 
 R. B. Langdon ; House. 27th Dist., John Baxter, 
 Geo. Huhn, A. Roberts; County Commissioner, 
 feast side], Baldwin Brown. 
 
 The following otiicial record of Presidential 
 Electors will show the general political l)ias, as 
 well as the rapid advance in population as indi- 
 cated by the increased vote for each term. 
 
 Vote of 1860, Lincoln. 1.770, Douglas. 70.",. 
 Breckenridge, 44. Vote of 1864, Lincohi. 1.711. 
 McClellen. 1.221. Vote of 1868, Grant, 3,128. 
 Seymour, 1,984. Vote of 1872, Grant. 4,075. 
 (Jreeley, 2,986. Vote of 1876, Hayes, 5,641, 
 Tilden. 4..S71. Vote of 1880, Garfield. 8,036, 
 Hancock, 4.104. At this election the vote for 
 member of Congress was, W. D. Washburn, 
 8.134. H. H. Sibley. 3,991.
 
 188 
 
 HISTOEY OF HEXX^EPIX COUNTY. 
 
 CHAPTER XXXV. 
 
 AVAK RECORD (IF IIEXXEl'IX tOUXTY — TAKEN 
 FROM THE ADJUTANT GENERAL'S REPORT, 
 AFTER THE SAME HAD BEEN CAREFULLY 
 SCRUTIXIZED AND CORRECTED HY RESIDENT 
 MEMBERS OF THE SEVERAL COMPANIES. 
 
 The date of the organization of the Fii-st Reg- 
 iment of :SIinnesotrt Yohniteers. April. 1861. 
 will indicate the enthusiasm of the .state in re- 
 sponding to the call of the country for defenders. 
 April 12th had heard the first gun at Fort Sum- 
 ter: April 13th had witnessed the stu'render of 
 the fort ; April 14th, Abraham Lincoln had issued 
 his famous proclamation calling for '75,0()0 men. 
 more than enough, we all felt sure, to wipe out 
 every vestige of rebellion. 
 
 Minnesota, one of the youngest daughters in 
 the family of states, comes to the front in April, 
 and organizes her first regiment. Indeed, this 
 regiment did not fmnish places enough for men, 
 wishing to enlist as privates, to show their patri- 
 otism. The comitry was electrilied by seeing 
 this regiment of stalwart men. moving to the front 
 in June, coming from a state of which many citi- 
 zens had not even heard, whose record was yet to 
 be made. This young state was not only ipiick 
 to respond to the demand for men, under the en- 
 thusiasm that pervaded the country during the 
 earlier stages of the war, but she held out to the 
 last with her quota, tlu'ough all the dark days 
 that followed. 
 
 When it was ascertained that 7.3.(100 men would 
 not accomplish it, successi^•e calls were made — 
 300,000, 300,000, 500,000, etc., until, at last, a 
 grand total of nearly 3,500.000 had been furnished 
 to do what it was anticipate<l a IkukUuI of men 
 could accomplish in a few weeks. 
 
 Minnesota followed up these successive de- 
 mands, until the very Indians thought her terri- 
 tory was nearly dejileted of figliting men, and 
 assailed her unprotected settlers. War was thus 
 brought to her own doors, in forms more dreadfid 
 than Antietam or tiettysburg. The records will 
 show how well the state behaved imder the tiery 
 ordeal of war. It belongs to us only to transcribe 
 to these pages the roll of honor of the county, 
 hoping to assist in immortalizing the names of 
 
 the patriotic and brave defenders of our flag. 
 Here they are. rank and file. Honor them all. 
 
 ABBREVIATIONS. 
 
 Adjt Adjutant 
 
 Art Artillery 
 
 Bat Battle or Battalion 
 
 Col Colonel 
 
 Capt Captain 
 
 Corp Corporal 
 
 Comsy Commisary 
 
 Cav Cavalry 
 
 eaptd captured 
 
 destd deserted 
 
 dis discharged 
 
 disabl disability 
 
 inf infantry 
 
 M. V. I Minnesota Volunteer Infantry 
 
 Lieut Lieutenant 
 
 Maj Major 
 
 mus musicians 
 
 pro promoted 
 
 Ilegt Regiment 
 
 re-en re-enlisted 
 
 reg regular 
 
 res resigned 
 
 sergt sergeant 
 
 transfd transferred 
 
 vet veteran 
 
 V. R. ( ' A'eteran Reserve Corps 
 
 wd wounded 
 
 wag wagoner 
 
 FIRST REGIMENT MINN. IXFAXTRY^. 
 
 Originally connnan(le<l liy ("ulonel W. A. Gor- 
 man. 
 
 Fidd and Staff Officetv—Geo. N. Morgan, Col- 
 onel, com. Sept. 26. 1862. luo. from Co. E, res. 
 May .5. 1.S63. 
 
 John X. Chase. Adjutant, com. Oct. 22. 1861, 
 pi'o. Capt. Co. II. Sei)t. 2ti. 1S62. dis. with Regt. 
 May 4. 1864. 
 
 Chas. W. Le Boutillier. Asst. Surgeon, com. 
 April 29. 1861, transfd. to Minn. Skeleton Regt. 
 
 E. D. Xeill. Chaplain, com. April 20. 1861, res. 
 July 13. 1862. 
 
 John AV, Pride, Sergt. Major, com. Mar. 5, 
 1864, pro. from Co. E, dis. with regt. May 4, 1864. 
 
 Company A — John Blesse, priv. en, April 29, 
 1861. transfd. to V. R. C. Nov. 16. 63.
 
 WAB BEGOBD—FIBST BEGIMENT. 
 
 189 
 
 John McEwen, Corp. en. April 29, 1861. pro. 
 Sergt. ; killed at Antietam, Sepi. 17. lSfi2. 
 
 Company C — Chesley B. Tirrell. priv. May 22. 
 1861, transfd. to bat. 
 
 Becniifs — Cbas. C. Blanohanl. no record. 
 
 \Vm. Coombs, re-en transfd. to First 15attalion. 
 
 Henry Ghostly, no record. 
 
 Andrew McCausland dis. for disab. Jan. 8. 18(58. 
 
 Turner Fribble, dis. to enlist in reg. service 
 Oct. 28, 1861. 
 
 COMPANY D FIRST REGIMENT INF.\NTRY. 
 
 Henry R. Putnam, ('apt., en. April 29, "61. 
 trans, to 12th U. S. inf. Geo. H. Woods. 1st 
 Lieut, en. April 29, "61. pro. ('apt. Xov. 28. "61. 
 A. Q. M. Dewitt 0. Smith, 2d Lieut., en. April 
 29, "61, pro. Capt. Augusts, '61. trans, to Com- 
 pany G, Aug.. 1863. resigned for disabl. October. 
 1863. Seth L. Hammond. 1st Sergt., en. April 
 29, "61, pro. 2d and 1st Lieut., resigned Sept., "62. 
 Christ. B. Heffeltinger. Sergt.. en. April. 29, "61, 
 pro. 1st Sergt.. 2d Lieut., 1st Lieut., Capt., Aug. 
 8, 1863, dis. with regt.. May 4, "64. Wm. Har- 
 mon, Sergt., en. April 29, '61, pro. 2d Lieut. 
 Company D, 1st Lieut. Company C, dis. with 
 regt. Henry W. Longfellow, Sergt., en. April 
 29, '61 , dis for disab.,May 1 1 , "62. Joseph Young, 
 Corp., en. April 29, '61, dis, for disab., Jan. 3, '63. 
 Ellet P. Perkins. C(up. en. April 29. "61. pro. 
 Sergt., color Sergt. ,1st Lieut., dis. with regt.. May 
 4, '64, re-en. First bat. Isaac N. Hoblitt, Corp.. 
 en. April 29. "61. died Xov. 26. "61. of disease. 
 Hanford L. Gordon. Corp., en. May 21. "61. dis, 
 for disab. Dec. 1, "61. Calvin I). Kobinson. Corp.. 
 en. April 29, "61. pro. Sergt., dis. witli regt. Ed- 
 ward S. Past, Corp., en. April 29, "61, pro. Sergt. 
 Major, dis. for wds. at battle Antietam, Sept. 17, 
 '62. Orange S. King, Corp., en. April 29, '61, 
 wounded at Bull Run, and left on the field. Mor- 
 ton Robinson, mus., en. June 6, '61. pro. Corp.. 
 dis. with regt. Wm. A. Lancaster, wag. en. May 
 22, '61, dis. with regt. 
 
 Prirntes — AVilliam H. Allen, en. May Hi. "61. 
 died, July "63, of wds. received at (4etty.sburg. 
 Chas. E. Baker, en. May 29, -(il . killed July 2d, "63, 
 in battle at Gettysburg. Hoiace K. ]51ake. en. May 
 22, '61, dis. with regt. James Ihyant, en. May 
 29, '61, re-en. in First Bat. March 31, '64. pro. 1st 
 Lieut, and Captain Company C, dis. witli bat. 
 Geo. W. Bartlett, en. May 29, '61, dis. with regt. 
 
 John Brown, en. May 16, "61, dis. with regt. 
 Henry Bingenheimer, en. May 16, "61, dis. with 
 regt. Jacob W. Chaffee, en. April 29, '61, no 
 record. Enoch H. Chandler, en. April 29. "61, 
 dis. with regt. John Clator, en. May 22. "61, dis. 
 for disab. Feb. 7, '•■'■i. Henry W. Crown, en. May 
 17, "61 , trans, to invalid corps. March. "64. Francis 
 
 1. Curtis, en. May 26, "61, dis. for disab. Dec. 29, 
 "61. Henry A. Dean, en. May 16, "61, killed July 
 21, '61, in battle Bull Run. Stephen Donnelly, 
 en. May 20, '61. dis. for disab. January 7, '62. 
 James F. Dunsmoor, en. May 23, '61, dis. for 
 disab. Aug. 1, "61. Cyrus E. Eddy, en. May 17, 
 "61. Ami R. Fogerson, en. April29, ■61,dis. with 
 regt. .John O. French, en. April 29. "61, pro. 
 Corp., dis. witli regt.. May o. "64. August A. 
 Goeppinger. en. .Vpril 29. "61. dis. with regt. 
 William H. Garvey. en. May 16. "61, no record. 
 Alonzo C. Hayden, eii. April 29, "61, killed July 
 
 2, '63, in battle at Gettysburg. Elmsley I. Ham- 
 ilton, en. April 29. "61. dis. for disab., November 
 27. "61. John T. Holjlitt, en. April 29, "61. no 
 record. Charles W. Hughes, en. April 29,' 61, 
 dis. with regt. Archiliald E. Howe. en. April 29. 
 "61, dis. with regt. \Villiam H. Howe, en. April 
 29, '61, dis. with regt. Charles A. Hutchins, en. 
 April 29, '61, dis. for disab. February 20, "63. 
 Cyrus M. Hatcli. en. April 29. "61, dis. for disab. 
 December 5. "62. John H. Haner. en. May 21. "61 . 
 dis. for disab, December 2, "62. AmosC. Jordan, 
 en. April 29. '61. trans, to signal corps. August. 
 
 I. "63. James W. Kendall, en. April 29. "61. dis. 
 with regt. Irving Ijawrenee. en. April 29, "61. 
 died July 7. "63, of wds. at bat. of Gettysburg- 
 George A. Laflin, en. May 17. "61. dis. for disab. 
 March 25, '63. Adin A. Latlin, en. May 17, "61, 
 dis. with reg. May o, "64. Charles II. Mason, en. 
 April 29, '61, pro. Sergt., dis. for pro. December 27, 
 "62. Henry A. McAllister, en. April 29, '61. died 
 Aug. '63, of wds. rec. in battle at Gettysburg. 
 Horace M. Martin, en. April 29, "61 , pro. Corp. and 
 Sergt., dis. with regt. Lewis Meeker, en. April 
 29. '61, dis. with regt. George ^Maddock. en. 
 April 29. '61. wounded at Bull Run. and left on 
 field, dis. witli regt. William J. Newton, en. 
 May 22, "61, dis. for disal). April 2. '62. Francis 
 
 II. Xewton, en. May 22, '61. absent sick, on dis. 
 of regt. Thomas B. Nason,en. May 28, pro. Corp., 
 dis. with regt. John W. Plummer. en. April 29, 
 "61, pro. Corp. Sergt., dis with regt. Robert A.
 
 190 
 
 HISTORY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 Plummer, en. April 29, "til, dis. with regt. Heuiy 
 C. Plummer, en. May 20, "61. dis. for disab. May 
 14, "62. Joseph Smitliyman. en. April 29, "lil, 
 pro. Corp., dis. with regt. Leroy F. Sampson. 
 en. May 17. "61. dis. for disab. February 2. "63. 
 Matthew M. Standish. en. May 21. "61, pro. Sergt. 
 transfd to X. C. S. as Com. Sergt. Feb. 16.' 63. 
 Charles W. Smith, en. Ajiril 27. 'iil. dis. with 
 regt. Alvin B. Taunt, en. April 20. "61. dis. for 
 disab. Feb. 8, "62. Piatt S. Titus, en. May 21 . "61 . 
 dis. with regt. David G. Wetmur. en. April 29. 
 "61, dis. with regt. Henry "VVilgus, eu. April 29. 
 "61, dis. per order Nov. 16. "63. James Walsh, 
 en. April 29, "61 dis. with regt. John I). "Whitte- 
 more en. May 23, "61. died of wd. rec. in bat. near 
 Vienna, Ya. 
 
 Recruits — Thomas Hughes, dis. for disab. Dee. 
 20, '61. Edward D. Messer, dis. for disab. Dee. 
 29. "61. Henry B. Chase, dis. for disab. Feb. 2. 
 "63. Geo. H. Smith, dis. for disab. Feb. 13. "63. 
 David Jenkins, dis. for disab. Aug. 20, "63. Ran- 
 som A. Bartlett, dis. for disab. Oct. 7, "62. Eben 
 S. Xasson. dis. for disab. Feb. 15, '63. David M. 
 Howe, dis. for disab. Jan. 6, "63. Joseph B. Holt, 
 dis. for disab. Jan. 9, '62. Frank Rollins, died. 
 Aug. 2, "63. of wds. rec. at battle of Gettysburg. 
 George Grandy, died July 1. "63. of wds. rec. in 
 bat. at Gettysburg. Marcus A. Past died July •5."6.'?. 
 of wds. at bat, Gettysburg. S. Densmore. transfd. 
 to Fii-st Bat. E. J. Hamilton, transfd. to First 
 Bat. J. Pratt, transfd. to First Bat. G. S. Sly. 
 transfd. to First Bat. O. Ames, transfd. to First 
 Bat. J. Hawkes, transfd. to First Bat. W. T. Abra- 
 ham, transfd. to First Bat. D. L. M(n-gan. transfd. 
 to First Bat. M. G. Pratt, died April, "64. E. 
 Hamilton, no record. Artis Curtis, no record. 
 Edwin Lambdin. dis. for disab. December 2, '62. 
 
 COMPANY E. 
 
 George X. Morgan, Capt.. en. April 29, "61. 
 pro. Maj.. October 22, Lieut. Col.. August 28, '62, 
 Col.. September 26."62. res. :May 5, "63. James Hol- 
 ister, 1st Lieut., en. April 29, "61, res. November 
 11. "61. George Pomeroy, 2d Lieut., en. April 
 29, "61. pro. Capt., October 22. "61. res. for pro. 
 September 22. '62. Lieut. Col. 146 X. Y. A'. John 
 X. Chase, 1st Sergt., en. April 29, "61. pro. Capt. 
 Company G, September 26, "62. James M. Shep- 
 ley, Sergt., en. April 29, '61. pro. 2d Lieut. Octo- 
 ber 22, "61, 1st Lieut. Company G. July 19. "62. 
 
 res. Jan. 13, "63. George Boyd, Sergt. en. April 29, 
 "61. pro. 2d Lieut, and 1st Lieut. Company I., 
 April lo, "63, dis. with regt. May 4, "64. Hugh 
 (i. Cassedy. Sergt. en. May 23, '61, no record. 
 "William Loehren, Sergt., en. April 29, "61, pro, 
 2d Lieut. Company K, September22, "62, 1st Lieut. 
 Company E. July 3, "63, res. December 30. '63. 
 Francis Kittel. Corp. en. April 29. "61. pro. Sergt. 
 dis. for disab. December 21 . "63. Orville D. That- 
 cher. Corp. en. April 29. "61. dis. with res^t.. May, 
 "64. Albion Hobson. Corp.. en. April 29. "61. no 
 record. Booth C. Mulvey, Corp.. en. April 29, "61, 
 no record, "William "W. Smiley, Coi-p., en. May 
 23. '61 trans, to gunboat service, Xovember 16,'63. 
 William W. Wilson. Corp.. en. April 29, "61. dis. 
 for disab. July 23, "62. William H. Davenport, 
 Mus., eu. April 29, "61, dis. per order, September 
 26, "61, Charles Xorthrup, wag., eu. April29, "61, 
 dis. with regt.. May, "64. 
 
 P/-("r(((es— Asa T. Abbott, en. April 29. "61. no 
 record, John F. Barnard, en. April 29, "61 , dis. 
 for (Usab. July 31. "61. AVilliam H. Bassett. en. 
 April 29, "61. pro. Corp. dis. with regt. Albert 
 B. Coombs, en. May 20, "61, transfd. to U. S. Enr 
 gineers, October 24, "62. Ilemy M. Day, en. 
 April 29, "61. no record. Amos O. Berry, en, 
 April 29. ".51. dis. with regt. Charles A. Berry, 
 en. April 29. "61. no record. WilUam E.'Candy. 
 en. May 23, 61 . dis. with regt. Lloyd U. Dow, en 
 ApriI29, "61, dis, fordisab. '63, Benj. Fenton, en, 
 April 29, "61, dis. with regt. William Fullerton. 
 en. May 20, "61 , transfd. to gunboat service, Xov. 
 16, '63. John Fleetham. en. May 23. "61. dis. for 
 disab, March 25. "63. George X. Hollister, en. 
 AprU 29, 61, transfd. to 4th U. S. Cav. Oct., "62. 
 .James Hanscome, en. May 23, "61, no record. 
 John Harrington, en. May 23, "61, trans, to 4th 
 U. S. Cav., October, "62. Israel Jackins, en. 
 April 29, "61, killed July 2, "63, at Gettysburg. 
 Ernest Jefferson, en. ^lay 23, "61. no record. 
 William R. Johnson, en. May 23, '61, dis, for 
 disabl. March 25, '63. Edwin Keen. en. April 
 ! 29, "61, trans, to gunboat service. Xovember. "63. 
 Edwin B. Lowell, en. May 23, '61, dis. with 
 regt. Samuel F. Leyde. en. May 2.S, '61, trans, 
 to gunboat service. Charles McDonald, en, 
 April 29, '61, no record, Charles McDonald Jr,, 
 en. May 23, "61, trans, to 4th U. S. Cav. October. 
 "62. Reuben M. Mayo, en. May 23, "61, no 
 record. George W. Xorthrup. en. April 29, "61,
 
 SECOND BEGIMENl INFANTRY. 
 
 191 
 
 trans, to 4th U. S. Cav. October '^2. James Pat- 
 terson, en. May 23, '61, clestcl. March, "(34. Joim 
 W. Pride, en. April 29, '61, pro. Sergt. Major, 
 trans, to X. C. S. March 21, "64, dis. with regt. 
 Obed Russell, en. April 2ii, 61. dis. for disabl. 
 December 31, '62. Francis Ray, en. May 24, '61, 
 dis. with regt. Oscar W. Sears, en. April 29, '(il. 
 trans, to invalid corps. October, '63. Samuel B. 
 Stites, en. April 29, '61 , pro. CoiiJ, Sergt., dis, 
 with regt. Stephen B. Sutton, en. April 29, '61. 
 dis. with regt. Harvey E. Scott, en. May 20, '61. 
 wd. and taken prisoner at Savage Station, trans, 
 to V. R. C. George II. Winants, en. April 29, 
 '61, dis. for disabl. December 25. "61, Peter 
 Welin, en. May 23, '61, died July 29. "63. of wds. 
 rec'd. in battle of Gettysburg. AMlliam L. 
 Wakefield, en. May 23. '61, dis. for disabl. Janu- 
 ary 4, '64. John D. AVhite, en. May 26, "61, dis. 
 for disabl. January 9, "62. 
 
 Becndts — Rufus II. .Jefferson, no date, tran. to 
 4th IT. S. Cav. October, "62. C. G. Sherbrook, no 
 record. Adam C. Stites, no record. H. B. 
 O'Brien, no record. E. F. Leighton, no record. 
 W. Bofferding. no record. James D. Weaver, re- 
 en. March 24, '64. trans, to First Battalion. 
 William W. Iloklen. no record. 
 
 COJfPANY F. 
 
 Bccni!ts~ll. Blackwell. en. March 28, '64, no 
 record. Peter J. Bofferding, en. February 18, 
 '64, no record. E. Jenkins, en. !March 28, '64, 
 no record. A. Stanberry, en. March 29. '64, no 
 record. 
 
 COMPANY I. 
 
 Recruits—^. Shook, en. Alarch 30, 1864, no 
 record. Wm. Schmeigart, en. March 23, '64, no 
 record. 
 
 COMPANY K. 
 
 Recruits — Samuel M. Burgess, en. November 
 11, '64, dis. for disabl. February 3. '63. Alfred 
 Colburn, en. November 4, '61. dis. for disab. 
 August 23, '62. Lewis Hanson, en. Decemljer 
 16, '61, deserted October 24, '62. John W. Sul- 
 ly, en. November 20, "61 , deserted October 24, '62. 
 Augustus II. Smith, en. November 2-5, "61, killed 
 July 2, "63, at Gettysburg. 
 
 The First Regiment Infantry was organized 
 April, '61, ordered to Washington, D, C, June 
 14, "61. Engaged in the following battles, sieges 
 
 and skirmishes: First Bull Run, July 21, "61: 
 Edward's Ferry, October 22, "61 ; Yorktown, 
 May 7, '62; Fair Oaks, June 1, '62; Peach 
 Orchard, June 29, "62; Savage Station, June 29. 
 "62; Glendale, June 30; Nelson"s Farm, Jmie 
 30, "62; Malvern Hill, July 1, "62; Vienna, Sep- 
 tember 2, "62 ; Antietam, September 17, '62 ; 
 First Fredericksburg, December 11, 12 and 13, 
 "62 ; Second Fredericksburg, May 3, '63 ; Gettys- 
 burg, July 2 and 3, "63, and Bristow Station, Oc- 
 tober 14, "63. Discharged at Fort Snelling, Min- 
 nesota, May 5, 1864. 
 
 SECOND REGIMENT MINNESOTA VOLLTNTEERS. 
 
 Originally commanded by Colonel Horatio P. 
 VanCleve. 
 
 Horatio P. Van Cleve, Col., com. July 22. "61. 
 pro. Brig. Gen. March 21, "62. 
 
 COMPANY 15 
 
 Privates — James Hamilton, en. June 26, "61. 
 re-en. December 28, '63, dis. with regt. James 
 Rourke, drftd. September 26, '64, dis, by order. 
 June 11, '6.5. George W. Stewart, en. Febru- 
 ary 18, '64, dis with regt. Josiah Weaver, drftd. 
 January 28, '65, dis. with regt. 
 
 COMPANY C. 
 
 Privates—Daniel Black, drftd May 28. "61. dis. 
 with regt., July 11, "65. Stephen Grover, drftd. 
 November 1. "64, dis. from hosp. August 2. "65. 
 
 COMPANY I). 
 
 Alden Kimball. Sergt. en. July .5. "61 , lUs. for 
 disab. October, "62. Edward 1?. Perkins, Corp., 
 en. July 5, '61, dis. for disab. October 16, '62. 
 James N. Dudley, mus.. en. July 5, '61. dis. for 
 disal). April 19, '62. 
 
 Privates — Lyman Brewster, en. July o. "61. dis. 
 on expiration of term. July 4, '63. Albert R. 
 Hall,, en. July o. '61. pro. Corp. Sergt., wounded 
 at Chickamauga. dis, on expiration of term. July 
 
 4. "64. Fred. A. Jennings, en. July o, '61, dis. for 
 disab. March 9, "63. Alexander Landril. en. July 
 o. "61, re-en. December 29, "63. pro. Corp. Sergt. 
 dis. July 11. "65. Eugene B. Nettleton, en. July 
 
 5, "61. pro. Corp., dis. July 4, '64, expiration of 
 term. Henry Stoakes, en. July 5, "61. dis. on ex- 
 piration of term, July 4, '64. Allen Sexton, en. 
 July 0, '61, dis. for disab. November 10, '62. 
 George W. Towle, en. July 5, '61, re-en. Dec. 29,
 
 192 
 
 HISTOIiY OF UENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 '63, wounded at Chickamauga, dis. July 11, '65. 
 Leonard Town, en. July 5, '61, died at Tuseum- 
 bia, Ala., August 2, "62. George A. Wheaton, 
 en. July 5, '61, dis. on expr. of term, July 4th, 
 "64. James Maxwell, drafted :May 28, "(U, pro. 
 Corp., dis. with regt. John 15. 1'aro. sub. May 30. 
 '64. ilis. with regt. 
 
 COMPANY K. 
 
 Beciuits^.Jolui Adelherger. en, September 
 26, "64. dis. by order. June 11. "65. James E. 
 Brown, en. September 26, "61, died in Chicago of 
 a knife wd. rec'd. in a row May 18, "64. Joseph 
 Ebert en. October 26, '64, dis. by order June 11. 
 "65, Anthony J^bert, en. October 26. "64. dis. l)y 
 order, June 12, "6o. John Salenting, en. May 26, 
 "64, died at Savannah, Ga.. December 28, '64. 
 John Tliur. en. October 8. "64. dis. by order. May 
 
 26, "Bo. Henry Truxes. en. Septeml)er 26, "(U, 
 dis. by order war dept.. June 11. "65. 
 
 COJIPANY F. 
 
 Charles 11. Friend. Corp., en. July 8, "61, re-en. 
 December 29. "63, pro. 2d Lieut., 1st Lieut, and 
 dis. with regt. William Blake, mus., en. July 8, 
 '61, threw away his drum and took a gun at ^lill 
 Spring, dis. for disabl. August 9, "62. 
 
 Privates — Charles J. Atwater. en. July 8. "61, 
 dis. for disabl. Jtnie 9, '62. Louis Allers, eh. 
 July 8, "61. dis. expir. of term. July 7. "64. Ferd 
 Birck, en. July S. "61. re-en. December 23, '63, 
 dis. with regt. Conrad Lutz. diftd. November 
 
 27, '64, dis, with regt. Joseph Pohl, sub. May 30, 
 "64, dis. by order, June 9, '65. Christian Kankin. 
 drftd. May 28. '64. dis. from hospital, July 14, "65. 
 Henry Astrope, en. September 27, '61, re-en. 
 December 23. "63. dis. for disabl.. .January 17, 
 '65. AVilliam Mattin. en. July 8. "61. re-en. De- 
 cemljer 29, "63, pro. I'orp. and dis. with regt. 
 Joseph ^Mc.Vlpin. en. July 8. "61. dis. for disabl. 
 June 25, "62. Joseph Molan, en. July 8. "61, destd. 
 October 10, "61. George Rutherford, en. July 8, 
 "61. re-en. December 23, "63. wounded at Kene- 
 saw Mt., discharged for disabl. .January 17, '65. 
 
 C'OJIP.VNY G. 
 
 Pnroies— F. Bhomback, en. .Inly 8. "61. killed 
 at Mill Spring, January 19, "62. L. Hoffman en. 
 July 8, "61, dis. on exp. of term. July 7, 1864. 
 Charles Orth. en. July 8, "61. dis. for disab. May 
 3, '62. Charles Rorhback. en. July 8, '61, dis. 
 
 for disab. Kovember 20, '61. Nicholas Rossbach, 
 en July 8, '61, re-en. December 26, '64, pro. Corp. 
 Sergt. dis. witli regt. Bateus Webber, en. July 
 8, "61, wd. at Chickamauga, dis. June 11, 1864. 
 Jacob Wohlers. en. July 8, 61. deserted at Louis- 
 ville, Oct»b'er 1. "62. 
 
 lieendts — Joseph Hoifman. en. July 15, '61, 
 dis. with regt. John Igel. drafted :May 30 "64, 
 dis with regt. John Miller, drafted September 
 26, "64, dis. by order June 10, "65. Nicholas 
 Rossback. en. Feb 27. "64. Pro. Corp. dis. with 
 regt. Reinhardt Rielietli. suli. February lotli, 
 "65, dis. with regt. Herman Radentz, en. Sep- 
 tember 21. "61, killed at Chickamauga. Septem- 
 ber, 20 1863. Henry Strohl)ack. en. February 
 26, '64, dis. with regt. Peter Schumacker, drafted 
 May 27, "64, dis. witli regt. William Scljiltz, 
 drafted September 26, "64, dis. by order Jiuie 10, 
 '65. Wm. Schuler. drafted September 26, "64, 
 dis. by order, June 10, "65. Christiiui IL Sander, 
 en. March 6. "62, re-en. December '26, 64, pro. 
 Corp. Sgt. dis. with regt. Balthaser Tschudy en. 
 December 15. "63. pro. Corp. dis. with regiment. 
 John W. Tschudy. en. September 5, '64, dis. by 
 order June 10. "65. 
 
 COJIPANY II. 
 
 Joseph Burgher, en. July 15, "61, re-en. Dec. 
 18. "63, dis. for disabl. June 17. '62. E. T. Cressy, 
 drftd. September 30, "61, destd. May, "62, retd. 
 March 28, "63, dis. on expr. of term, June 15, '65. 
 
 COMPANY I. 
 
 Fred"k. C. Shepherd, Sergt. en. July 30, "61, 
 dis. on expr. of term. July 11, "65. AVilliam 
 Bending. Corp., en. August 12. "61, re-en. Dec, 
 '63, pro. Sergt.. 2d Lieut., dis. ,j uly 11, '65. 
 
 P/v"r«(es— John S. Berti'and, en. July 30, '61, 
 captd. by enemy at Chickamauga, died in Auder- 
 sonville prison. Hiram Haskell, en. July 30, "61, 
 trans, to Y. R. C, April 28, "64. Cliarles B. Lay- 
 man, en. September 8, "61. re-en. December, "63, 
 dis. with regt. Isaac Layman, en. September 8, 
 "61, wd. at Chickamauga, dis. on expr. of term. 
 Septendier 5. "64. Albert Parker, en. Septem- 
 ber 5. "61. wd. at Chickamauga, dis. on expr. of 
 term. Septenil)er 12, "64. Roderick Parker, en. 
 Septendier 11. "61. died at Lebanon, Ky.. March 
 1, "62. John Wheeler, en. July 30, "61, re-en. 
 December. '63, dis. July 11, '65.
 
 SECOND REGIMENT INFANTRY. 
 
 193 
 
 Recruits — George Burton, drftd. March 8, '65, 
 dis. with regt. James Crammond, en. February 
 24, '64, dis. with regt. Washington Kader, en. 
 February 2-5, '64, dis with regt. Geo. W. Stone, 
 en. September 23, '61, re-en. December, "63, pro. 
 Corp. Sergt., dis. with regt. Jonathan B. Serrel. 
 en. February 27, '64, pro. Corp., dis. with regt. 
 John ^V. Tewall, en. February 8, '6.5, dis. with 
 regt. 
 
 COMPANY K. 
 
 William W. Woodbury, 1st Lieut., en. August 
 23, '61, pro. Capt. resigned July, '64. 
 
 Privates — William Hamilton, en. August 26, 
 '61, wd. Chiekamauga, dis. on expr. of term 
 Lyman S. Martin, en. August 30, '61, dis. on 
 expr. of term August 3(1, '64. ('has. W. Strong, 
 en. August 26, '61, re-en. December, "64, dis. for 
 disabl. Kovember, 10, "63. Lewis Wakefield, en. 
 August 21, '61, dis. for disabl. March, "62. Wil- 
 liam Wilson, en. August 26, "61, dis. by reason 
 of wds. rec'd. at Mill Spring. Godfield Dien. 
 drftd. May 26, '64, dis. from hospital, '6.5. John 
 Kiser, drftd. May 28, '64, dis. from hospital, '65. 
 Warren Merriman. en. May 28, '64, dis. from 
 hospital, '65. 
 
 SECOND REGIMENT INFANTKY, 
 
 organized July, "61, ordered to Louisville, Ky.. 
 October, '61, and assigned to the army of the 
 Ohio. Engaged in the following marches, bat- 
 tles, skirmishes and sieges, viz : Mill Spring. 
 January 10, '62; Siege of Corinth, April, "62; 
 transferred to the army of the Tennessee, Bragg"s 
 Baid, Perryville, October 8, "62; skirmishes of 
 the Tullahoma compaign, Chiekamauga, Septem- 
 ber 10 and 20, "63; Mission Uidge, November 25, 
 '68 ; Veteranized January, "64. ]5attles and 
 skirmishes of the Atlanta campaign, viz : 
 Resaca, June 14, 15, and 16, '6f ; Jonesboro, 
 Sherman"s march through Georgia and the Caro- 
 Unas, Bentonville, March 19, '65. Discharged at 
 Fort Snelling, July 11, '65. 
 
 THIRD REGIMENT INFANTRY. 
 
 originally commanded by Col. Henry C. Lester. 
 Levi Butler, Surgeon, en. November 11, '61, 
 resnd. September, '63. Moses R. Greeley, Asst. 
 Surgeon, September 5, '62, dis. with regt. 
 
 COMPANY' A, ENROLLED OCTOBER, '61. 
 
 James P. Hewlett, 1st Lieut., ap. regt. Q. M., 
 13 * 
 
 res. March 2, '64. Adolphus Elliott, 2d Lieut, 
 pro. 1st Lieut., dismissed December 1, '62. E. R. 
 Jaques, Sergt, re-en. December '64, dis. Septem- 
 ber 2, '65. Joseph H. Smith, Sergt., dis. for 
 disabl. April 10, '62. Jesse G. Jones, Corp., 
 pro. Com. Sergt. October 5, '63. Alfred B. Rob- 
 inson, Mus., dis. for disab., June, '62. II. F. 
 Thompson, Wag., dis. on expr. of term, Sep- 
 tember 30, "64. 
 
 Prn-ates— William Atkinson, dis. for disabl. 
 March 10, "62. Irenus Atkinson, re-en. Decem- 
 ber 23, '63, dis. with regt. William Bisko, died 
 at Duvall's Bluff, Ark., September 11, '63. A. B. 
 Carson, re-en. December 23, '63, dis. with regt. 
 Seldon Coleman, dis. on expr. of term November 
 14, "64. M. N. Coleman, dis. on expr. of term 
 November 14, '64. A. N. Coleman, dis. on expr. 
 of term, Noveml)er 14, '64. John A. Coleman, 
 dis. for disabl. July, "62. H. L. Councilman dis. 
 for disabl., March 29, '62. A. N. Doyle, dis. on 
 expr. of term, November 14, '64. L. E. Dudley, 
 dis. for disabl., February 5, '63. William Foster, 
 re-en. December 23, '63, trans, to V. R. C, Jan- 
 uary 13, '65. Cornelius Frederick, re-en. Decem- 
 ber 23, '63, pro. Corp. and discharged with regt. 
 Dudley Green, dis. for disab., October, '62. 
 Thomas H. Green, pro. 1st Lieut, in the 57 V. S. 
 Col. Inf., September 28, '64. M. P. Hamilton 
 re-en. December 23, "63, dis. with regt. Ezra M. 
 Heald, re-en. December 23, '63, dis. with regt. 
 Samuel W. Heald, died at Columbus, Ky., Sep- 
 tember 10, "63. Daniel II. Hunt, trans, to V. R. 
 C, November 18, "63. Abner Hough, pro. 1st 
 Sergt., dis. for disabl., February 16, "64. John 
 Jones, dis. on expr. of term, November 14, '64. 
 W. A. Kemp, re-en. December 23, '63, destd. 
 February 3, '65. George S. Maxfleld, re-en. 
 December 23, "63, pro. Corp., dis. with regt. 
 Jos. B. McCaslin, died at Little Rock, Ark., 
 Angust 8, '64. Patrick McDonald, dis. for disabl. 
 April 10, '62. George W. Moor, pro. Corp., dis. 
 on expr. of term, November 14, '64. J. "V". Mont- 
 gomery, died at Little Rock, Ark., August 16, '64. 
 George Nott, dis. for disabl., July, '62. Josiali 
 Oathoudt, no record. Charles W. A. Nixdd, pro 
 Sergt., 2d Lieut., 1st Lieut, and Capt., res. 
 August, "64. Ezra F. Peabody, no record. Jay 
 Pratt, dis. on expr. of term, November 14, '64. 
 James C. Price, re-en. December 23, '63, dis. for 
 disabl., July 21, '65. James R. Putnam, pro. 2d
 
 194 
 
 HIS TOBY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 Lieut. Company K, JanuaiT 9. '62. res. Septem- 
 ber 18. "6-1. S. J. Kaymoud. died en route from 
 Louisville to Xashville. March 31. "62. Edwin 
 E. Ross, killed at Wood Lake. :\Iinn.. September 
 23, "62. IVter Rosskop, dis. on expr. of term. 
 November 14, "64. "William M. Stiles, re-en. 
 December 23. "63, dis. with regt. Cliarles M. 
 Sydlinker. dis. on expr. of term. Xov. 14. "64. 
 
 i?(>cr»!"(.<— Joseph Braseh. en. August 29. "64, 
 dis. by order July 23. "65. C. II. McCausland. 
 en. Fel)ruary. 29. "64. dis. with regt. John S. 
 Mrllett, en. Mar. 22, "64. dis. by order June 2(1. "65. 
 
 Drafted — Henry Dryer, en. Jmie 2-5. "64. dis. 
 with regt. Adam Ilohenstein. en. June 2-5. "64. 
 dis. witli regt. Frederick Sluilte. en. Jmie 2o. 
 "64, dis. witli regt. Anthony Trump, en. June 
 25. "64, dis. by order June 2(1. "6.5. Josepli Palm, 
 en. June 2o. "64, died at Pine Bluft', Ark., Sep- 
 tember 23. "64. 
 
 C05IPAXT B. 
 
 Private — George Selon. en. Xovemher 7, '61, 
 re-en. February 2. "64. dis. by order April 29, "6o. 
 
 COMPANY F. 
 
 Privattrf: — James H. Deremer. en. November 8, 
 "SI, re-en. Dec. 20. "63, dis. with regt. Baaron 
 Fowley, en. Novemlier 8. "6], dis. for disab. Feb- 
 ruary 5, "63. Neamiah "Warts, en. November 8. 
 "61. dis. on exp. of term. November 14. "64. 
 
 COMPANY G. 
 
 Prii-atea — Stephen Rhodes, en. November 6, 
 "61. pro. Sergt., 2d Lieut., 1st Lieut., dismissed 
 from service. James "W. Kelsey. drftd. June 27, 
 "()4. dis. for disab. September 23. "64. Frank 
 Hatcher, drftd. June 26. "(U. dis. with regt. 
 
 COMPANY H. 
 
 Private — Peter Meurer. recruit, en. September 
 1. "64. dis, by order July 28, "li-i, Henry Fane, 
 en. "64. dis. with regt. 
 
 COMPANY T. 
 
 Privates — David Blackburn, en. November 6. 
 "(il. died at Snyder's Bluff. Miss.. July 19. '(13. 
 Philander Chamberlain, en. Nov. 6. "61. trans, to 
 Co. A. re-en. December "(iH.dis. witli regt. Chas. 
 A. Hale. en. November 6. "61. dis. for disabl. 
 Fredk. Redlon. en. November 6." 61. dis. for 
 disabl. November 7. '63. Peter Yadner, recruit, 
 en. February U. "64. dis. with regt. Augustin 
 
 Shoret. drftd. June 25, '64. 
 
 Tenn,, November 29. '64. 
 
 died at Memphis, 
 
 THIRD KK(;mENT MINNESOT.\ IXFANTKY. 
 
 Organized October, 1861, ordered to Nashville. 
 Tenn.. March, 1862, eaptin-ed and paroled at 
 Murfreeslioro. Tenn., July. 1862. ordered to St. 
 Louis. Mo., thence to Minnesota. Participated 
 in the battle of Wood Lake, September, 18t>2, 
 I ordered to Little Rock, Ark., November, 1863. 
 
 Veteranized Januarv istit. Engaged in the bat- 
 
 f ' •- • 
 
 ' tie of Fitzliugh"s Woods. March 30. 1864: order- 
 ed to Pine Bluff. Ark.. April 1864: thence to 
 Duvairs Bluff October 1864: mustered out at 
 Duvairs Bluff. September 2. 186-5: discharged 
 at Fort Snelling. 
 
 FOURTH REGIMENT MINNESOTA INFANTRY, 
 
 ' 
 
 originally commanded by Col. John B. Sanborn. 
 
 COMPANY A. ENROLLED OCT.. '61. 
 
 Privates. — Thomas Craig, womided, re-en. De- 
 cember 30, '63, pro. Corp., dis. July 19, '60. Thom- 
 as Small, pro. Corp.. killed by acdl. dis. of gun. 
 October 12, "62. Riifus P. Wells, pro. Corp., 1st 
 Lt. Capt. Co. C, January 7. 64. dis. with regt. 
 Chas. Barkow, recriut, en. '64, dis, with regt. 
 
 COMPANY B. ENROLLED OCT.. '61. 
 
 WUliam Knable. Corp., pro. Sergt.. dis. at ex. 
 of term. Oct. 11, '64. 
 
 Privates — Martin Luther, died September 23, 
 "63. Edward Ziebarth. dis. at exp. of term, Oc- 
 tober 11. "64. Cliarles Ziebarth. re-en. .January 
 1, "64, pro. Corp.. dis. July 18. "65- 
 
 COMP.\NY C, ENROLLED OCT.. "61. 
 
 Privates — Andrew J. Brown, died Jan. 14, '63. 
 Otis B. Bailey, dis. for disab. Oct. 2, '62. Moody 
 A. Bailey, dis. fen- disab.. March 25, "63. Joseph 
 (ioyette. re-en., dis. June 28. '65. for disab. John 
 N. Morrell. dis. for disab., September 12, '62, 
 Benjamin A. Rice, re-en, Jan. 1, '64, pro, Corp,, 
 dis. with regt. Dow Rosenbuig. dis. for disab.. 
 Decemlier 9. "62. Benjamin Robinson, dis. on 
 exp. of term. October 11, '64, John R. Rich, dis., 
 for disab.. (October 23, '62. Thomas II. Reeves, 
 re-en.. Januai\v 1, "64. pro. Corp. .'^ergt..dis. with 
 regt. Morris Woesner. re-en.. January 1. "64. 
 dis. with regt. O. N. Washburn, died at Farm- 
 ington. Miss.. August 15. "62. Carroll Wilkius. 
 dis. exp. term. October 11. "64.
 
 FIFTH REGIMENT INFANTRY. 
 
 195 
 
 COJIPANY D. 
 
 Privates— John Maltcan, en. Aug. 30, '64, dis. 
 with regt. Walter L. Winter, drafted May 27, 
 "64, pro. Corp. dis. with regiment. 
 
 COMPANY E. 
 
 Privates — James BilUngs, en. October 10, "61, 
 re-en. January 1, "64, dis. witli regt. Ezra M. 
 Timson, en, October 10, '61, re-en. January 1, 
 "64, dis. witli regiment Emil Caudeaux, sub. 
 January 6, "6.5, dis. with regt. Micliael Ilizer. 
 drafted December 14, "64, dis. witli regt. Leonard 
 Lenzen, en. "64, dis. April 23, '6.5. 
 
 COMPANY F. 
 
 Privates — Richard F. Reeves en. November 
 16, "61, re-en. January 1. "64. pro. Corp. dis. with 
 regt. R. B. Langdon. en. Septenilier 2. "64, dis. 
 by order .June 12. "6-5. 
 
 COMPANY <T, UNROLLED NOVEMKEK. "61 . 
 
 Joseph ]\Ieyer. Corp. dis. August 16. "63 for 
 pro. iu 12th La. A'ors. 
 
 Privates — Conrad Brustle, dis. for ilisah. Sep- 
 tember 8, "62. J. F. Grepe, re-en. January 1, "64 
 pro. Corp. Sergt. dis. with regt. AVm. F. Iloltz, 
 dis. for disab. July 29, "62. Clement Lovely, 
 dis. for disal). August 11, "62. Lott Palmer, 
 transferred to V. II. C. 
 
 COMPANY ir. 
 
 W. J. Maxtield, wag. en. December 2(1, "61. 
 re-en. January 1, "64, dis. July 19, "65. A. L. 
 Cummings, priv. en. December 20. "61. dis. for 
 disab. August 22, "63. 
 
 COMPANY I. 
 
 Private — Ephriani Dudley, recruit, en. Septem- 
 ber 2, '64, died October 7, "64. of wds. rec'd. at 
 Altoona, Ga. 
 
 COMPANY K. 
 
 S. M. Milhollin, Corp., en. Dec. 23, ."61. died 
 December 16, "62. at Quincy, 111. 
 
 Prira^e— Christian Bi-ezett. drftd. May 28, "64, 
 dis. with regt. 
 
 FOURTH REGJIMKNT INFAXTUY. 
 
 organized December 23, '61 ; ordered to Benton 
 Barracks, Mo., April 19, "()2; assigned to the 
 army of the Mississippi, May 4, "62 ; participated 
 in the following battles, skirmishes, seiges, and 
 marches : Seige of Corintli, April, "62 ; luka, 
 September 19, "62 ; Corinth, October 3 and 4, "62 ; 
 
 seige of Vicksburg, Forty Hills, Raymond, Jack- 
 son, Champion Hills. Assault of Vicksburg, cap- 
 ture of Vicksburg, July 4, "63 ; transferred from 
 Seventeenth to Sixteenth Corps, Mission Kidge, 
 November 2-5, "63; Veteranized, January, "64; 
 Altoona, July, '64 ; Sherman's march through 
 Georgia and the Carolinas, Bentonville. ^larch 
 20, "6.5 ; Mustered out at Louisville, Ky., July 19. 
 "6.5 ; discharged at Fort Snelling, Minnesota. 
 
 FIFTH REGIMENT INFANTRY, MINN. VOLS., 
 
 originally commanded l)y Colonel Rndoli)h Bor- 
 gesrode. 
 
 Field and iitajf' Officers — William IL Leonard, 
 Surgeon, November 22, "62, pro. from Asst. Sur., 
 dis. with regt., September 6, '65. James F. 
 Chaffee, Chaplain. May 17, "62, res. June, 23, "62. 
 
 COMPANY D, ENROLLED MARCH, "62. 
 
 Louis Carle, Corp., destd., January 30, "64. 
 Pierre Dupre, Wag., destd.. July 22, '62. 
 
 Privates — Michael ]}rouillette, dis. for disab., 
 February 5, "63. Clement Dubay, re-en., March 
 11. "64, dis. with regt. Baptiste Joinville, re-en., 
 February 19, "64, pro. Corp. dis. witli regt. Henry 
 Koeher, re-en. Feliruary 19. "64. jiro. Corp. dis. 
 with regt. 
 
 COMPANY E. ENROLLED APRIL. "62. 
 
 Pc/r((^f.s'— John Barbalin. re-en. Felu'uary 28. 
 "64. dis. with regt. Killian Barberich, mortally 
 wd. hat. of Nashville, Tenn., December 16, "64, 
 died December 21 . "64. Jacob Dill, dis. on exp. of 
 term. Jlichael Fenerker, killed in bat. October 
 4, '62. Joseph Herman, dis. for disal)., Septemljer 
 18, "62. Ferdinand Kern, died at Memphis, Tenn.. 
 September 22. "63. Mathias Logley. wd. October 
 ■f)2. dis. for disab., March 31, "63. .Julius Motz. 
 destd., January 2, "63, Alton prison, dis. on exp. 
 of term. Anton Marther, re-en. March 12, "64, 
 pro. Corp. wd., December 16, "64. dis. with regt. 
 Thomas Reilly, traiisfd. to Co. K., May]. "62, 
 dis. with regt. 
 
 COMPANY F, ENROLLED APRIL. "62. 
 
 Privates— Peier Bottineau, re -en. Februar> ' 
 13, "64, pro. Corp dis. with regt. Andrew Israel- 
 son, re-en. March 20, 1864, died August 24, "64. 
 at Abbeyville, Miss., by wounds. Alfred Jar- 
 vis, wounded in battle Corinth, dis. for disab. 
 Septeml)er 30, "62. Simon Paul, re-en. February
 
 196 
 
 HISTORY OF HEXXEPIN COUXTY. 
 
 13. '64, pro. Cori>. dis. ^xith regt. 
 ilis. exp. of term March 23. "6o. 
 
 Severe Reaoh. 
 
 COilPANT G. 
 
 James Beaupre. priv. en. April 24. "lii. re-en. 
 February 26. "64, dis with i-egt. 
 
 C03IPANY I, EXKOLLED APRIL, 1862. 
 
 Timothy OXeary, Sergt., dis. for disab. De- 
 cember 8, "62. Henry B. Dike, mus., re-en. 
 February 27, "64. dis. with regt. Thomas Quig- 
 ley, wag., transferred to V. E. (". October 17. 
 1864. 
 
 Prirates—'S . J. Burns, pro. hosp. steward, 
 transferred to X. C. S. Geo. AV. Calvert, pro. 
 Coi-p. Sergt. re-en. March 31, "64, dis with regt. 
 John Daly, dis for disab. March 5, "63. Daniel 
 Leo, destd. March 14, "63, at Memphis. — Mc- 
 Xame. pro. Coi-p., died July 11, "63. .Jolui Mc- 
 Laughlin, dested. March 14, "63, at ;Memi>liis. 
 Patrick Xoon, dis. for disab. Hugh Weir. pris. 
 paroled dis. by order Jmie 14, "65. 
 
 COMPAXT K. 
 
 Privates — Thomas KeiUy, en. March 4, "62, 
 transferred to Company F. Mar 31. "64. Tlios. 
 AValsh, en. January 7. "62, dis. for disab. October 
 4, '62. 
 
 SKETCH OF THE FIFTH REGIMENT. IXFAXTRY. 
 JIIXNESOTA VOU-XTEERS. 
 
 Organized May "62 ; ordered to Pittsburg 
 Landing. May 9, '62. a detachment of three com- 
 panies remaining in ^Mimiesota guarding frontier 
 posts. Participated in the following marches, 
 battles, sieges, and skirmishes : Siege of Corinth. 
 April and May, "62. The detachment in Minne- 
 sota engaged in battle with Indians at Eedwood, 
 Miim., Aug. IS, "62: siege of Fort Eidgely. Aug. 
 20, 21, 22, "62 ; Fort Abercrombie, D. T., Angust 
 '62. Regiment assigned to 16th Army Corps. 
 Engaged in the battles of luka. Sept. 18. "62 ; 
 Corinth, Oct. 3 and 4, "62: Jackson. Temi., May 
 14, "63 ; siege of Yicksburg. assault of "\'icksburg. 
 May 22, "63 ; ilechanicsburg, Julie 3, "63 ; Rich- 
 mond, June 15. "63 ; Fort de Eussy, La., March 
 14, "64 : Red Eiver Expedition, March. April and 
 May; "64; Lake Chicat, June 6. "64; Tupelo. 
 June, "64; veteranized, July. "64; Abbey\'iUe, 
 August 23, "64 : marched in September, "64, from 
 Brownsville, Ark., to Cape Giiadeau. Mo.; thence 
 b\ boat to Jefferson Citv : thence to Kansas 
 
 state line ; thence to St. Louis. Mo.; ordered to 
 Xashville, Tenn.. Xov., "64; engaged in battles 
 at Xashville. Dec. lo and 16, "64 ; Spanish Fort 
 and Fort Blakely, April. "65. Mustered out at 
 Demopolis, Ala, Sept. 6, "65. Discharged at Fort 
 Snelling. 
 
 SIXTH REGIMENT INFANTRY. 
 
 origiiiall> commanded by Col. William Crooks. 
 
 COMP-VNY .\. 
 
 Privates — .John Wright, en. October 1. "62. 
 trans, to Third Minnesota Battery, May 1, "63. 
 John Chalmers, en. October 1. "62. jiii). Coi-p.. 
 dis. with regt. 
 
 COMPANY B, ENROLLED OCTOBER, "62. 
 
 Orlando C. Meiriman. Capt.. res. June 6. "64. 
 William Grant. 1st Lieut., pro. ('apt.. June 6. "64, 
 dis. with regt. August 19, "65. Henry A. Par- 
 tridge. 2d Lieut., pro. 1st Lieut. June 6. "64, dis 
 on expr. of term, July, "65. T. 11. Wheeler, 1st 
 Sergt., pro. 2d Lieut. Jime 6, "64, died December 
 30, "64, at St. Louis. William Moore, Sergt.. 
 pro. 2d Lieut., January 1, "65, ilis. with regt. 
 F. X. Fleming. Sergt., pro. 1st Sergt., Februai'y 
 14, "65, dis with regt. L. P. Plummer, Sergt., 
 trans, to 72d colored regt., as 2d Lieut. P. 
 Benjamin. Sergt., dis. with regt. William P. C. 
 Hawk, Corp., dis. for disabl. August 16, '65 
 Edward R. Xorris, Cori)-, pro. Sergt., dis. for 
 disabl. September 17, "64. Bela F. Burrill. Coi-p., 
 dis. with regt. Leonard T. Young. Corp., pro. 
 Sergt., dis. July 28, "65. Thomas Hanney, Corp., 
 pro. Sergt., dis. with regt. James Lafans. Corp., 
 dis. with regt. Marcus Brownell, Corji.. dis. for 
 disabl., October 11. "64. A. B. Robinson, Mus., 
 dis. with regt. .James H. Jones, Mus.. dis. with 
 regt. F. S. Mitchell. Wag., dis. Ity order. 
 May 3, "65. 
 
 Primtex — Miles Allen, died August 6, "64, at 
 Helena, Ark. Simeon Auer. transfd. to Y. E. C, 
 October 1. "63. David Angus, dis. with regt. 
 Eben J. Bragdon, died, January 3, "65, at Jef- 
 ferson Barrack.s, St. Louis, Missouri. Henry 
 Brewer, died. Xovember 1. '63, at Fort Snelling. 
 L. M. Bartlow. transfd to Y. R. C. October 1, 
 "63. WilUam H. Bartlow, pro. Coi-p.. dis. with 
 regt. William W. Birch, died Xovember 1 . "64. at 
 Jefferson Barracks. Merrill A. Bailey, transfd to 
 Y. R. C. October 1. "63. Alonzo Birch, died at
 
 SIXTH BEGIMENT INFANTRY. 
 
 197 
 
 Fort Snelling, December 5, '62. James C. Bran- 
 den, (lied Jidy 5, '65, at Mnntftomery. Alaliama. 
 William Batdorf. died September 8, "(U. at Hele- 
 na, Ark. Benjamin Colburn, sick in liospital at 
 dis. of regt., September 7, '65. Francis A. Clay, 
 dis. with regt. John Chalmers, transfd. to Com- 
 pany A. November 1 , "62. Edwin Cooley, transfd 
 to 3d Minn. Batt. Robert Dike, transfd to V. R. 
 C, October 1 , "63. George H. Day, dis. for disab., 
 May 23, 65. Simeon Farrington. dis. for disab., 
 Febrnary, "65. treorge A. Forbes, transfd. to 3d 
 Minn. Batt. George Forsyth, dis. Jnne 2, '62. 
 J. L. Flemming. dis. per order, July 24, "65. 
 M. A. Getchell. dis. for disab. November 26, '62. 
 John Galbraith, dis. for disab. May 31 . '65. Jona- 
 than L. Grave, dis. with regt. Charles T. Grave, 
 dis. with regt. Eben Howe; dis. for disab., March 
 2, '63. Samuel Howe, dis. with regt. Joel F. 
 Howe, transfd. to V. R. C, October 1, '63. An- 
 drew Huff, pro. Corp. dis. with regt. Charles 
 H. Hopper, dis. with regt. Peter W. Howe, dis. 
 for disab. March 28, '63. Levi T. Hanson, dis. 
 October 11, '64, at Jefferson Bks. L. C. John- 
 son dis. for disab. March 21, '64. Cliarles E. 
 Jenkinson, transferred to V. R. C. October 1, 
 '63. Levi Longfellow, transfd. to N. C. S. as prin- 
 cipal musician, dis. with regt. ]Maich 1, '65. Chas. 
 H. Ijibby. dis. for disali. February 17, '65. A. 
 S. Lane. dis. with regt. August 19, "65. Wesley 
 Lambert, dis. with regt. August 19. "65. S. C. 
 Miller, transfd. to 7th regt. October 14, 1.S62. 
 Ennis :McGary, pro. Corp., dis. with regt. Sam- 
 uel McLean, dis. for disab. May 9, '63. 1'. Mc- 
 Farland. dis. with regt. Robert ilcLeod. dis. 
 for disab. May 9, '63. E. :M. Jlunch, dis. for disali. 
 March 8, '64. Hiram Millet dis. for disab. March 
 20, '63. Lewis Miller, dis. with regt. transfd, 
 to N. C. S. as principal musician, f)ctober 10, 64. 
 James McManus. dis. at Muntgomery. Ala. July 
 10, 65. Augustus Miller, dis. for disab. Jlay 8, 
 '63. Thos. O. Xevens, dis. with regt. David 
 Perkins, died in hospital January 26. '63, at Ft. 
 Snelling. Samuel N. Pavitt. dis. foi- disab. No- 
 vember 9. "64. John Rank, dis. with regt. An- 
 drew Ramsey, dis. for disab. ^Marcli 20, '63. Da- 
 vid Ramsey, dis. with regt. August 19, 1865. 
 Daniel S. Styner, pro. Sergt. dis. with regt. 
 Enos P. Stubbs, died October 21, "64. at Helena, 
 Arkansas. William R. Sbeiiard. discharged by 
 order May 3, '65. John 1). Stafford dis, with regt. 
 
 Richard F. Smith, des. Feb. 9, 63. at Camp Pope. 
 Silas Somers. died November 9, '64, at Jefferson 
 Barracks. Andrew- Thompson, pro. Cori)., dis. 
 with regt. Stephen Talbert, destd. June 2, "63, 
 at Camp Pope. Samuel D. Thompson, dis. with 
 regt. Darius E. Tidd, destd. January 28. "63. at 
 Fort Snelling. John C. A'ast, dis. with regt. 
 Ephriam Whitney, dis. for disabl. February 1 . "63. 
 Franklin Whitney, destd. January 15, "63, at 
 Fort Snelling. Alexander Wood, trans, to Third 
 Minnesota Battery. Urich H. Wilson, dis. for 
 disabl., :May 3, '65. Herman Wolf, destd. Dec- 
 cember 15. "62, while (ui leave of absence. 
 H. :m. Young, dis. with regt. Jesse B. Young, 
 dis. for disabl., March 19. "65. 
 
 Smvits — Darius A. Keyes. en. March 2. "64. 
 dis. with regt. Ileiuy A. Kenneston. en. ISIarch 
 2, "64, dis. with regt. Robert Muini, en. March 
 2. "64, dis. with regt. Theo. A. Norris, en. March 
 2, '64, dis. with regt. Jas. H. Shimin, en. March 
 2, ■'64, dis. with regt. John Smithson, en. March 
 
 28, '64, dis. with regt. George Stout, en. March 
 2, '64, dis. per order, August 3, '65. C. O. 
 Thomas, en. April 2, '64, dis. with regt. C. E. 
 Thomas, en. February 24, '64, dis. with regt. 
 J. L. Wakefield, en. February 24, '64, dis. with 
 regt. William R. Champlin. en. February 27, "64. 
 dis. for disabl., June 12. 'no. James Holloran. 
 en. February 25, "64, trans, to Company F., dis. 
 with regt. Luther Huff, en. February 27, "64. 
 died October 10, '64. at Jeffer.son Barracks, Mo. 
 George D. Ingraham, en. February 6, '64, dis. 
 for disabl.. May 18, "65. Peter Jenson. en. Feb- 
 ruary 29, '64, dis. for disabl., December 8. "64. 
 Selah Label, Jr., en. February 16, '64, trans, to 
 V. R. C, January 10, "65. George E. Longfellow, 
 en. March 30, '64, died June 29, '65, at St. Louis. 
 Isaac Mendeuhall, en. Februai-y 27, "64, dis. for 
 disabl., October 24, '64. John B. Robinson, en. 
 February 29, '64, died August 30, '64, at Helena. 
 Ark. Eben M. Rathlione, en. Feliruary 26. '64. 
 dis. per order, August 2. '65. William B. Pal- 
 mer, en. February 26, '64. dis. for disabl., Febru- 
 ary, '65. William C. Fleunning. en. February 
 
 29, '64, died December 23, '64, while on sick 
 leave. D. B. Champlin, en. Febrnary 26, '64. 
 died, August 12, '64, at Helena. Ark. 
 
 COMPANY C, EM ROLLED OCTDliKl!. '62. 
 
 Frivates — John Barron, dis. for disab. Decem-
 
 198 
 
 HISTORY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 ber 9, "64. Samuel Clark, pro. corp.. dis. with 
 regt. Thomas Hughes, frausfd. to invalid corps, 
 .Taimary 28, "6.5. John II. Kelley. dis. with regt. 
 John Logan, dis. with regt. Ale.\ Leightoii. dis. 
 for disab. April 22, '63. Samuel ilcClay. pro. 
 Corp., 2d Lieut.. 1st Lieut., dis. with regt. 
 
 Recruits — Joliii Starrett. en. Feb. 27. "64. pro. 
 Corp., dis. with regt. CLuiton L. Babcock. en. 
 Feb. 29. "64. died August li3. 18(54. at Helena. 
 Ark. 
 
 COMPAXY D. ESKOLLED SEPT.. 18(52. 
 
 Joseph C. Wliitney, Capt.. com. Capt. and A. 
 Q. M.. Vols. . Feb. 23. '65. Shepherd H. King, 1st 
 Lt., resigned August o, "64. Daniel W. Albaugh, 
 2d Lt., pro. 1st Lt., October 7, "64, dis. by order 
 December 27. '64. Wm. F. Atkinson. 1st Sergt.. 
 dis. for disab. October 12, '64. Geo. K. Adams, 
 Sergt., died October 12, "64, at Jefferson Barracks. 
 Mo. Geo. E. Case. Sergt.. pro. 2d Lt.. October 
 7, '64, 1st Lt. January 21, "65. dis. with regt. 
 Elijah Farringtou, Sergt., dis. for disab. Feb. 2-5, 
 ■65. Henry Snyder. Corp., dis. V)y order, May 24. 
 '65. Isaac D. Carr. Corp.. tninsfd. to Y. R. C. 
 Nov. 20, '63. Reuben Robinson, pro. Sergt., dis. 
 with regt. Washington Pierce, dis. with regt. 
 Henry E. Selder. dis. with regt. Elias G. Brown, 
 pro. Sergt., dis. with. regt. John "Wait. dis. with 
 regt. John S. Day, dis. with regt. Geo. A. 
 Cressey , Mus. , dis. with regt. Hannibal Hodson . 
 absent, sick at Xew Orleans when regiment was 
 discharged. John F. Bell. Wag., absent, sick at 
 Memphis, Temi.. when regt. was discharged. 
 
 Prirates — James Allen, dis. with regt. George 
 Ames, pro. corp.. dis. with regt., October 15, "64. 
 AVilliam C. Brown, dis. per order, June 27, '65. 
 James TV. Baird. dis. with regt. Charles T. 
 Beedy. dis. with regt. Asa D. Brown, dis. with 
 regt. John O, Beden, dis. with regt. Frank S. 
 Coffin, dis. with regt. F. M. Carman, absent 
 sick on dis. of regt. Edgar B. Comstock. dis. 
 with regt. Robert B. Coffin, dis. with regt. S. 
 W. Costellow, died October 23, 1864, at :Memphis. 
 George E. CoUins, died May 14, '65, at Xew Or- 
 leans. Henry Curtis, dis. with regt. M. W. 
 Cotes, died July 31. "64. at Helena. Ark. Rufus 
 E. Draper, dis. for disab.. April 25. "65. Thomas 
 D. Dudley, dis. with regt. Xelson Dulnunie. 
 dis. with regt. Edwin Edgerlw discharged with 
 regiment. Enos W. Ellmau. died September 
 
 13, '64, at Jefferson Barracks. C. P. Fletcher. 
 
 I dis. with regt. Julius Farriugton, dis. for disab. 
 June 23. "65. William B. Franklin, dis. with 
 regt. James S. Foster. tUs. for disab.. October 
 24. "64, Austin L. Fenlason. dis. with regt. 
 Allen L. Goodrich, on detached service when 
 regt. was dis. Charles E. Galpin, died Septem- 
 ber 13. "64, at Memphis. Joseph Goyette, dis. per 
 order. May 19. "65. Albeii: F. Grove, dis. with regt. 
 Wm. A. Hawkins, dis. with regt. Franz T. 
 Heiss, dis. ^\-ith regt. E. T. Hamilton, dis. for 
 disab. March 20. "63. Geo. A. Hills, dis. per 
 order February 16. "(io. James H. Harmon, dis. 
 per order May 25. "65. Edwin Jackson, dis. with 
 regt. Chas. W. .Johnson, dis. with regt. Jos. 
 A. James, dis. with regt. Thos. P. James, trans- 
 ferred to 3d Minn. Battery, May 1. '63. Henry 
 Jackson, dis. June, 5, "63. Silas Livingston, dis. 
 
 j with regt. pro. Corp. Charles Lansing, dis. with 
 regt. Levi L. Leathers, dis. with regt. Alfred 
 Loftus. absent sick on dis. of regt. Andrew Lav- 
 
 j man. dis. with regt. James McComieU, dis. with 
 regt. Wm. W. Mills, dis. with regt. John Mc- 
 Kimball. dis. with regt. Chas. H. Moore, dis. 
 with regt. Wesley XeiU, dis. with regt. Levi 
 Xeill died November 11, '62, at Mankato. James 
 Pratt, dis. per order. May 16. "65. Ezra Paine. 
 dis. per order. May 17. "65. Eddie Powers, dis. 
 with regt. Dean R. Richardson, dis. with regt. 
 Theodore Ray. dis. with regt. John R. Richard- 
 son, dis. per order. May 3. '65. Russell AT'. Rock 
 dis. for disab. January 14. 65. Wm. H. Suther- 
 land, transferred to V. R. C. November 20, 1863, 
 Aretas .Smith, dis. with regt. Albion Stimsou, 
 dis. with regt. George Storrs. transfd to Y. R. 
 C. November 20. '63. AVilliam R. Stimson, sick 
 at Prairie du Chien at dis. of regt. Oscar H. 
 Shepley. dis. per order, June 22, "65. Christo- 
 pher Swagert. dis. for disab. from wds. reed, at 
 
 1 Birch Coolie, date unknown. John S. Stoops. 
 
 ' dis. for disab.. October 17. "64. Darius D. Suth- 
 erland, transfd. to Invalid Corps. Nov. 20, "63. 
 John C. Shrewsberry. died December 9, "62, at 
 Forest City, Miim. Sylvanus Stinson. sick at 
 Prairie du Chien on dis. of regt. Isaiah Thomp- 
 son, died November 17. "64, at Jefferson Barracks. 
 Mo. Willard S. Whitmore. dis. per order. May 
 16, ■6.i. William H. H. WilUams. transfd. to 3d 
 Minn. Batt.. May 1. '153. 
 i?ccri<i(s— William H. Bush. en. March 8, '64.
 
 SEVENTH BEGIMENT INFANTRY. 
 
 199 
 
 died May 7, '65, at St. Louis Hosp., New Orleans, 
 La. David C. Brown, en. February 3, '64, dis. 
 with regt. Jolin W. Brown, en. February 27, "64. 
 dis. fordisab., October 21, "64. Charles A. Cates. 
 en. February 9, '64, died October 16, "64, at Jef- 
 ferson Barracks, St. Louis. Xelson T. Derby, 
 en. February 27. "64, dis. with regt. Thomas A. 
 Fisher, en. October 7, "63, dis. with regt. Peter 
 Filbert, en. February 24, "()4, dis. for disab., 
 March 9, '6.5. Charles H. .Jordan, en. March 30, 
 '64, died November 14, '64, at Chicago. Samuel 
 Layman, en. February 9. '(U, dis. for disab. Dec. 
 20, '64. Charles II. Mulliner, en. February 24. 
 '64, dis. for disab., June 11, '60. Josiah Riihard- 
 son, en. April 15, "63, died October 17, 64, at Jef- 
 ferson Barracks. John Roth, en. February 24, 
 '64, dis. with regt. Ira Sanford, en. February 24, 
 '64, transfd. to Y. K. C. January 15. "65. Michael 
 Wolf, en. February 26, "64, died January 18, "65, 
 at St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 COMPANY I, ENROLLED AUfil'ST, "62. 
 
 Privates. — Josepli Burchfield, dis. with regt. 
 Nickolas Mauren, pro. Corp., dis. with regt. 
 
 COMPANY K, ENROLLED OCTOBER. '62. 
 
 Privates.— Theo. D. :Miller. transfd. to 3d Minn. 
 March 17, '64. George Thomas, transfd. to V. 
 R. C. Jan. 21, '65. Wm. T. "Wier. died July 30, 
 '64, at Helena, Ark. 
 
 Recruits. — Michael Purcell. en. Jan. 4. "64. dis. 
 with regiment. 
 
 Sixth Regiment was organized August, '62 ; 
 ordered upon Indian expedition of "62. Detach- 
 ment of 200 engaged in battle at Birch Coolie 
 Sept. 2, "62. Regiment participated in battle 
 of Wood Lake, Sept. 22, '62. Regiment garri- 
 soning frontier posts from Nov. '62, until May '63, 
 when ordered upon Indian expedition. Engaged 
 with Indians July 24, 26 and 28. "63, stationed 
 at frontier posts from Sept. 18, '63, to June 5, 
 "64, when ordered to Helena, Ark. Ordered to 
 St. Louis, Mo., Nov. "64, then to New Orleans 
 January "65. Assigned to 16th Army Corps. 
 Participated in engagements of Spanisli Fort and 
 Fort Blakely, April "65. Discharged at Fcut 
 Snelling August 19, '65. 
 
 SEVENTH BEGIStBNT INFANTRY. 
 
 organized August, '62. and originally commanded 
 by Colonel Stephen A. Miller. 
 
 Albert A. Ames, asst. Surgeon, en. August 28. 
 "62, pro. Surgeon. July 23, '64. dis. with regt. 
 
 COMPANY c. 
 A. A. Thayer, priv.. en. February 11. "65. dis. 
 with regt. 
 
 (o^rrANV F. 
 
 Private. — Caleb llosford. en. August 9. "62. dis. 
 for disab., September 17. '64. 
 
 The Seventh regiment was organized, August. 
 1862; ordered upon Indian Expedition of 1862; 
 engaged in battle of Wood Lake. Minnesota. 
 September 22, '62 : stationed at frontier posts 
 until May, "62, wlieu ordered upon Indian Expe- 
 dition ; engaged with Indians. Jidy 24. 26 and 
 28, "63; ordered to St. Louis. Mo.. October 7, '63 : 
 thence to Paducah Ky.. April. "64: thence to 
 Memphis. Teun.. and assigned to Sixteenth Army 
 Corps, June, "64 : participated in the following 
 battles, marches, sieges and skirmishes : Tupelo. 
 July, '64 ; Tallahatchie, August 7th and 8th, 64 ; 
 march in pursuit of Price, from Brownsville, 
 Ark., to Cape Girardeau ; thence by boat to Jef- 
 ferson City ; thence to Kansas line ; thence to 
 St. Louis, Mo.; battles of Nashville, Tenn., Dec. 
 15th and Kith, "64 ; Siianisli Fort and Fort Blakely. 
 April. "65. Discharged at Fort Snelling. Minn . 
 August 16, "65. 
 
 EIGHTH REGIMENT, INFANTRY. 
 
 Originally commanded by Colonel Minor T. 
 Thomas. Major, Geo. A. Camp; Nov. 20, 1862; 
 resigned May 21, 1865. Assistant Siirgeon, Wm. 
 II. Rause; September 12, 1862: Discharged .July 
 11, 1865. 
 
 COMPANY A, ENROLLED OCTOBER, "62. 
 
 William P. Ives, Sergt., i)ro. First Sergt. Aug- 
 ust 1, "63. dis. with regt. Wm. H. Edwards, 
 Sergt., killed liy Indians in Meeker county, Minn., 
 Septemlier 11. "63. 
 
 Prirales — Frederick T. Bird. dis. in hospital 
 .June 23, 65. Albert H. Damon, dis. with regt. 
 Joseph Downs, dis. per order .lune 3, "65. Chris- 
 tian Johnson, dis. in hospital August 27, 1865 
 Warren T. Sevey. dis. with regt. Chas. Shea, 
 dis. with regt. Thomas S. Walker, dis. with 
 regiment. 
 
 COMPANY E, ENROLLED •MTOUER. "62. 
 
 James F. Bradley. Sergt.. ilis. November 16, 
 I "63, for pro. in Company I. Emerson J. Wood-
 
 200 
 
 HISrOBY OF HEyXEPIX COVNTT. 
 
 ward, Corp. dis. January 19, "64 for pro. in U. S. 
 col'd. Infantry. V^m. D. Lane, mus. dis. with 
 regiment. 
 
 Privates.— ^ym. F. Bagley. dis. in liosp. June 
 12, "65. Michael Batterburg. dis. with regiment. 
 Joseph Yadner. Jr., dis. with regt. J. L. Jelli- 
 son, dis. with regt. 
 
 COMPANY H. 
 
 Micliael Xill. priv. en. October 30. "tj^, dis ^^■itll 
 regiment. 
 
 COJIP.\.XT K, EXROLLED SEPTEMBER, "62. 
 
 Hubert Weber. Sergt.. dis. witli regt. 
 
 Privates— Da\id Birt, pro. Corp. dis. witli 
 regt. Theo. Goris, dis. with regt. Clias. Henry, 
 pro. Corp. dis. with regt. John Kreamer. dis. 
 with regt. Jolm Kunz, dis. with regt. Xavier 
 Kohler, dis. with regt. Theodore Rosch. killed 
 by Indians on rear guard to Capt. Fisk's expedi- 
 tion September 2, 1864. John Schemlem, dis. 
 with regt. Mikel Schniitz, dis. with regt. John 
 Wetzel, dis. with regt. Henry- Yentsch, dis. 
 with regt. 
 
 EIGHTH REGIilEXT IXFAXTRY. 
 
 Organized August 1 . "62 i stationed at fiontier 
 posts until May, "64. when ordered upon Indian 
 Expedition; engaged in the fullowmg battles, 
 marches, sieges and skirmishes : Tah-clia-o-ku-tu. 
 July 28, "64; battles of the Cedars. Overall's 
 Creek; ordered to Clifton. Teiniessee : thence to 
 Cmcinnati ; thence to Washington ; thence to 
 Wilmington: thence to Xewbern. X. C: battle 
 of Kingston, March 8, 9. 10. "60 : mustered out at 
 Charlotte, X. C, July 11. "60. dis. at Fort Snel- 
 ling. 
 
 XIXTH REGIMENT INFANTRY, 
 
 originally commanded by Col. Alexander Wilkin. 
 
 Charles W. Le BoutilUer. Surgeon, en. October 
 10, "62. died April 3, "63. at St. Peter. Minn. 
 
 Joel Handy, Prin. mus. en. Xovember 10, "62. 
 died a prisoner at Anderson ville. Ga., August 22. 
 1864. 
 
 COMPANY A, ENROLLED AU(ilST, "62. 
 
 George A. Camp, Capt.. pro. Maj. Eighth Regt.. 
 Xovember 20, "62, res. May 2, "6.5. Jonathan 
 Chase 1st Lieut, pro. Capt., res. October 5, "63. 
 Harrison Jones, 2d Lieut., pro. 1st Lieut, and 
 Capt.. dis. with regt. Benjamin P. Schuler, 1st 
 Sergt.. pro. 2d Lieut. 1st Lieut.. Capt. Co. H.. 
 
 December 16, '64, dis. with regt. Leonldas M. 
 Lane, Sergt., pro. 2d Lieut., dis. per order May 15, 
 "65. Henry A. C. Thompson. Sergt.. pris. at Ander- 
 sonville 7 mos.. dis. with regt. David B. Ellis. 
 Sergt., dis. for disab. Xo^'. 22, "64. Beverly C. Bon- 
 ham. Sergt.. pris. at Andei-sonville 7 mos.. dis. 
 with regt. Abner A. Spencer. Coi-p., dis. for disab.. 
 May 30, "65. Alfred G. Snow, Corp., pro. Sergt.. 
 dis. in hospital. "65. Charles Ester, Corp.. pro. 
 Sergt.. dis. with regt. Charles Schorrod. Corp.. 
 died October 29, "64. at Savannah. Ga. Louis C. 
 Tenison, Corp., died, date not on record. Daniel 
 Hutchins, Corp.. killed June 10, "64. at Brice 
 Cross Roads. Miss. James A. Lennon. Coi-p.. 
 transfd. to Y. R. C. X'ovember 20, "63. James 
 A. Woodcock, Corp. died December 6, "64. at Cairo, 
 Ills. William S. 0"Brien. Mus. dis. ^^•ith regt. Ed- 
 mund F. Warren, mus.. dis. with regt. George W. 
 AVhite. Wag., died September 14. "64. at Ander- 
 son ville, Ga. 
 
 Privates— Geo. P. Baldwin, pro. <j. M. Sergt., 
 transfd. to X. C. S. Xovember 17, 1863. dis. for 
 disab. Xovember 20, "64. Hiram A. Barnard, 
 died September 10. "64. at Andersonville. Ga. 
 Miron W. Bartlett. died December 14. "62. at Fort 
 Ridgely. Minn. Richmond H. Barrows, died 
 Feliruary 15. "65. at Memphis. Tenn. Alonzo 
 Bragdon. dis. per order. May 13. "65. Chas. E. 
 Burrell, dis. m hospital, "65. Daniel Cameron, 
 dis. for disab. April 3, "64. T. Campbell, dis. for 
 \\ound reed, at Brice Cross Roads. John B. 
 Chase, died at Yicksburg. date not given. Berton 
 F. Cooley, dis. with regt. John M. Cormaek. dis. 
 for disab. April 1. "63. Amos Day. died Oct. 14. 
 "64. at Savannah. Ga. Chas. A. Delvin. dis. for 
 disab. March 23, "64. Jeremiah Desmon, dis. 
 with regt. Geo. A.Doman.dis. -nithregt. Jerome 
 Dumas, died at Savanah. Ga.. date not given. 
 Charles Farron. dis. for disab. Charles T. Ful- 
 lerton, dis. vrith regt. Lewis Gormoch. dis. for 
 disab. March 25, '64. George Goodwin, died 
 October 3, "64, at Audei-son ville. Ga. Ripley 
 Good^\lii, dis. with regt. Frank Goodwin, de- 
 serted Xovember 7, "63, at Fort Snelllng, :Mimi. 
 Simon Goodwin, dis. for disab. April 3. "63. Josepli 
 R. Gould, captured at Brice Cross Roads. June 
 10, "64, dis. \nth regt. Joseph Gray, ills, for lUsab., 
 date not given. Geo. W. Hall, dis. with regt. 
 Chas. R. Haven, dis. for disab.. June 28. "65. 
 Tihston Heath, transfd. to A'. R. C. October 1.
 
 NINTH REGIMENT INFANTBY. 
 
 201 
 
 "63. David L. Hewitt, dis. with regt. Burdet 
 Humphrey, dis. for disab. October 9, '62. Geo. 
 A. Kenedy, captured at Brice Cross Roads, pris- 
 oner 7 uios., dis. witli regt. Josepii Keleue. died 
 Sept. 8, "62, of wound received at Birch Coolie. 
 James 11. Leigliton, dis. per order July 1(1. "6-5. 
 Samuel H. Lewis, dis. for disab. ]May 8, "63. Wm. 
 R. Mangdou, dis. for disal). May 3, "63. Samuel 
 M. Macomber. died at Louisville. Ky.. date un- 
 known. Thomas Mavy. killed March 31. "6o, in 
 battle at Spanish Fort. Ala. Patrick McBride. 
 captd. at Brice Cross Roads, prisoner 7 mos., dis. 
 With regt. John McCrimmon, dis. with regt. 
 James McCost, captd. at Brice Cross Roads, pris- 
 oner 7 nios. Lewis McDonald, dis. for disab. 
 April 3. "63. John McDougal, died August 28, 
 "64, at Andersonville, Ga. Alonzo D. Meads, 
 died January 22. "63, at Fort Ridgely, Minn. 
 Samuel W. Merrill, dis. for disability, date 
 unknown. James W. Marden, died August 
 28th, 1864. at Andersonville Prison, Ga. 
 Carlostin ^lorton. dis. for disabl.. April 4, "64 
 James Peaver, destd. March 10, "63, while on 
 furlough. Samuel Peaver. destd. March 20. "63. 
 while on furlough. John W. Pell. dis. with regt. 
 John T. Pomeroy, dis. per order, May 23, 65. 
 George W. Pomeroy. captd. at Brice Cross Roads, 
 pris. 7 mos., dis. with regt. .Joseph M. Prescott. 
 dis. for disabl., May 24, '64. Joseph Richards, 
 died in prison at Savannah. Ga., date unknown. 
 Charles H. Ricker. dis. per order. May IH, "6o. 
 Stephen Rogerson, pro. eorp. dis. with regt.. 
 Henry E. Seelye, dis. per order. May 29, "65. 
 George P. Shoppe, died August 5, '64, Memphis. 
 Tenn. Paul T. Shoppe. died at .Viuiapolis, Md., 
 date not given. James IL Sinclair, dis. with 
 regt. Hugh Smith, died October 10, '64. prisoner 
 at Savannah, Ga. Charles II. Spencer, captd. at 
 Brice Cross Roads, pris. 7 mos.. dis. with regt. 
 Warren C. Stetson, pro. corp., dis. with regt. Wm. 
 J. Stockton, dis. with regt. Mortimer M. Swin- 
 gler, dis. witli regt. James E. Styles, pro. Corp. 
 dis. with regt. William F. Todd, dis. per order. 
 June 5, "65. Sylvanus Weeks, dis. for disalil.. 
 May 12, '63- George Wetheru, dis. per order, 
 July 11. 65. ■ 
 
 C()3IP.\NY li, ENROLLED AUCiUST, 1862. 
 
 Richard Stmut, Capt., dis. per order, March 9, 
 '64. William A. Clark, 1st Lieut., pro. Capt. 
 
 April 17, '64, died Aug. 21, '65, at Minneapolis. 
 Curtis McCane, 2d Lieut., pro. 1st Lieut, dis. per 
 order. May 15. '65. Ezra T. Carr. 1st Sergt. wd. 
 by Indians at Acton, Minn., dis. for disabl. June 
 19, "63. L. A. Babcock, Sergt. died September 
 18, "64, while in Andersonville pris. C. J, At- 
 water. Sergt., dis. for disabl.. February 10. "64. 
 Jaques Winter, Corp., pro. Sergt. March 1, "65. 
 Austin Knight. Corp.. dis. per order, June 14, 
 "65. Seneca M. Tarvin, Corp., trans, to Y. R. C. 
 (xeorge Herrick, Corp., pro. 1st Sergt., dis. with 
 regt. Samuel Gowell, Corp., pro. Sergt., dis. 
 with regt. Henry T. Minton, Corp., dis. for 
 disabl., ^lay 23, "64. James A. xVmes, Mus., dis. 
 per order, July 27, '65. S. L. Fillmore. Wag., 
 died September 29, "64, at Memphis. 
 
 PniYties.— James Adcock, died August 22, "64 
 at Andersonville Ga. William B. Atwater, dis. 
 while absent from regt. August 1. "65. Wm. H. 
 Brown, dis. per order July 10, "65. George W. 
 Baldwin, pro. Corp. December 31. "64. Aimer C. 
 Bennett, died March 17. "63 at Hutchinson, Minn. 
 .Vlex. J. Bothwick, dis. for disab. August 23, "63 
 Frank .1. Beedle. died September, "63 of wound 
 in battle of Acton. Minn. Benedict Brooks, dis. 
 per order June 5, '65. Lewis L. Crane, dis. with 
 regt. (ieorge S. Cyphers, dis. per order August 
 16. "65. James II. Crandall pro. Corp. dis. with 
 with regt. E. J. Deerow, died Nov. 1. "64, hi 
 Milan, Ga. prison. Geo. E. Day, captd. at Brice 
 Cross Roads. i)ris. in Andersonvile, dis. with 
 regt. Charles A. Esterly, dis. per order June 
 12, '65. Volney A. Edgerly, transfd. to Y. R. C. 
 (no date.) Geo. W. Gideon, killed Sept. 3, "66. in 
 battle with Indians at Acton. Minn. Alva (ietch- 
 ell, killed Sept. 3. "62 at Acton, (ieo. Goodsell. 
 dis. with. regt. Henry Goodale, dis. per order 
 May 18, "65. D. C. Handy, dis.pei' order August 
 18, '65. Jasper S. Hawkins, dis. while on detached 
 duty 1865. A. H. Hawkins, dis. with regt. C. G. 
 Halgren, dis. with regt. E. D. Kirst, dis. with regt. 
 Samuel A. Lindley, died July 9, '64 in prison at 
 .Vndersonville. Ga. Wm. Lovelle. dis. per order 
 July 19, '65. Levi W. Merritt. wounded Sep- 
 tember 3, '62, in battle at Acton, Minn., dis. for 
 disab. May 23, "63. Charles Midgely, dis. per 
 order May 31 . "65. William Mogle, dis. per order 
 June 22, "65. Rf)bert E. McKenney, transfd. to 
 y. R. C. Nov. 1, "63. Alex. MeCormiek. dis. per 
 order June 7, '65. Thomas Pounder, no record.
 
 202 
 
 HISTOBY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 John Parslow, pro. Corp. dis. with regt. Jas. 
 H. Rickerson, dis. with regt. Milton A. Stubbs. 
 pro. Corp. dis. with regt. Charles Smith died 
 March 13. '63 at Watertowii. :Minn. Nathan Til- 
 ton, died September 28. "64. at .Vndersunville 
 prison. Hiram "\V. 'S'alentine. dis. with regt. 
 N. E. Weeks, died November 6, "62, at Hutchin- 
 son, Minn. John K. AVeaver. died June 2-5, "6.5, 
 at Rolla. Miss. John 15. Wakelield. died Aug- 
 ust 13, 'W. at Meniplus. Temi. Kee Wakefield 
 pro. Corp. dis. per order July 17, "lio. Silas A. 
 Seamans. dis. with regt. 
 
 (JOJIPAXY C. ENROLLED OCruliER, '62. 
 
 L.M. Caswell, Corp., dis. for disab. March 23, '63. 
 
 PrH-a(es.— WiUiam Breekon, captd. at Brice 
 Cross Roads, dis. July 31, '6.5. PUny S. Conkey, 
 captd. at Brice's Cross Roads. June 10, "64. Sam- 
 uel W. Rice. dis. for disab., September 3. '64. 
 
 COMPANY I, 
 
 Peter Lus. priv.. en. October 12. '62, pro. Corp. 
 dis. with regt. 
 
 COMPANY K, 
 
 W. O. Curtis, Mus., en. October 16, "62, dis. in 
 hospital at Memphis, '65. Edward Brunell, priv. 
 en. October 16. "62. dis. for disab. May 27, '64. 
 
 NINTH REGIMENT MINNESOTA INFANTRY, 
 
 organized August. "62 ; stationed at frontier posts 
 until September. "63, when ordered to St. Louis. 
 Mo.; ordered to Jefferson City. Mo., and distribut- 
 ed among several posts in the interior of the state ; 
 ordered to St. Louis. :May. "64 ; engaged in the 
 following battles, marches, sieges and skirmishes: 
 Guntown expedition, June, "64 : assigned to 16th 
 Army Corps, June. "64 ; Tupelo. July. "64 ; Oxford 
 expedition, August. "64 : Tallahatchie, August, 
 "64; marched in pursuit of Price from Browns- 
 ville, Ark., to Cape Girardeau, Mo.; thence, by 
 boat, to Jefferson City ; thence to Kansas state 
 line; thence to St. Louis. Battles: Nashville, 
 Tenn.. December lo and 16. "64 : Spanish Fort 
 and Fort Blakely. April, "65 : discharged at Fort 
 Snelling, Minn.. August 24, "65. 
 
 TENTH RE(iTMENT, INFANTRY. 
 
 Originally commanded by Col. James H. Baker. 
 
 COMPANY K, ENROLLED AUG. "62. 
 
 Wm. Byrnes. Isl Lt., dis. with regt. Michael 
 Hoy. 2d Lt.. dis. per order April 13, "65. Wm. 
 
 Dunn, Sergt., dis. with regt. Owen Keegan, 
 Sergt., dis. with regt. Thomas McCarron, Corp., 
 pro. Sergt., dis. with regt. David Shaw, Corp.. 
 dis. with regt. Dennis Sheehey, Corp., captd. Jan. 
 10. "65, dis. .July 25. "65. absent. 
 
 Piicates. — Wm. Broderick. dis. for disab. July 
 26, "64. Alfred Brezett, dis. with regt. Andrew 
 Candrou, dis. with regt.. pro. Corp. Patrick 
 Corney, dis. witli regt. Thomas Clifford, dis, 
 with regt. Joseph F. Cobb. dis. per order May 
 18, "65. James Connelly, dis. with regt. James 
 Coyle, dis. for disal). April 3. "63. William Daly, 
 dis. with regt. David Desjarlugh, dis. per order 
 August 31, "64. Richard Fewer, pro. Q. M. Sergt. 
 1st Lt. Co. I. June 2, "65. Patrick Gleeson. pro. 
 Corp. dis. with regt. Thomas Gaffney. dis. with 
 regt. WUliam Grace, deserted April 25 "63, at 
 Le Sueur. Minn. Joseph Gaunia, dis. per order 
 March 30. "65. Cornelius Hays, destd. May 10. 
 "63. at Le Sueur. Mum. .James Hays, dis. with 
 regt. Thomas Hawkins, destd. Septemlier 7, "63, 
 at Fort Ridgely. William Hoy. destd. November 
 12, "62, at St. Peter. Peter Haunou. destd. Sep- 
 tember 7, "63, at Fort Snelling. John Killila, dis. 
 with regt. Thos. McDouough. dis. August 19. 
 "65. absent. Daniel Molan. dis. witli regt. Dan- 
 iel Murphy, dis. per order June 5, "65. Michael 
 Mohan, died March 6, "63, at St. Anthony. 
 ^Michael Moore, dis. per order March 5, "64. Ed- 
 ward Moran. destd. ^May 20. "63, at Le Sueur, 
 Minn. Robert McCue, dis. for disab. Jan. 4 "64. 
 James Nash, wounded at Nashville, dis. "65, ab- 
 sent. Edward Nary. dis. with regt. Wm. 
 0"Bryan. dis. with regt. l^atrick O'Conner, destd. 
 Jiuie21, "64, at Memphis, Teim. Daniel Page, 
 dis. with regt. Patrick Quinn, destd. September 
 7, "63, at Fort Snelling. James Riley, dis. with 
 regt. Luke Roche, died in Minnesota whUe on 
 sick furlough. John Read\-, dis, with regt. 
 Pafk. Sheeliau. dis. with regt. Wm. Sheehan. 
 cUs. with regt. Mich. Summers, dis. per order 
 March 10, "64. John Seberry, dis. with regt. 
 Dion Swift, pro. Corp. dis. with regt. Patrick 
 White, dis. with regt. 
 
 Becruits. — F. B. 0"Brien, en. April 1, '64, dis. 
 with regt. Daniel Shea. en. Dec. 26, "63, dis. 
 with regt. 
 
 TENTH REGIMENT INFANTRY, 
 
 was organized August "62. Stationed at frontier
 
 ELEVENTH BEGIMENT INFANl'BY. 
 
 203 
 
 posts until June '63, when oirtered upon Iiulian ex- 
 pedition. Engaged witli Indians July 24. liB and 28, 
 "63. Ordered to St. Louis, Mo.. October '63. 
 Thence to Columbus, Ky.. April "64. Tlience to 
 Memphis, Tenn., June "64, and assigned to 16tli 
 Army Corps. Participated in the followingliattles, 
 marches, sieges and skirmishes : Battle of Tupelo. 
 July 13, '65, Oxford expedition. August '64. 
 Marched in pursuit of Price from Brownsville, 
 Ark., to Cape tiirardeau, tlience l)y Ituat to Jeff- 
 erson City, thence to Kansas line, thence to St. 
 Louis, Mo. Battles of Nashville, Tenn., Dec. 1-5 
 and 16. '64. Spanish Fort and Fort Blakely, April 
 "65. Discharged at Fort Snelling Aug. 19. '6.5. 
 
 KLEVENTH KE(iIMENT INtANTKY. 
 
 originally comniandeil by Col. James H. (iillillan. 
 
 COMPANY F. KNHOLLED AlcU'ST. '64. 
 
 John W. Plummer, ('apt., dis. with regt. Jas. 
 Shaver, 1st Lieut., dis. with regt. William S. 
 Chowen, Sei'gt., dis. with regt. John ^\^ East- 
 man, Sergt., dis. with regt. Jonas H. Plowe, 
 Sergt., dis. with regt. Gilbert J. Merritt, Sergt., 
 George A. Plummer, Sergt., dis. with regt. Sol- 
 omon Churchill, Corp., dis. with regt. Chester 
 E. Evans, Corp., dis. with regt. Frank L. IIol- 
 way, Corp., dis. with regt. J. C. Jaques, Corp., 
 dis. with regt. Uanford Heddiiig. Corp.. dis. 
 with regt. John J. Spur/.eum, Corp.. dis. witli 
 regt. Adolpli Weidenbach. Corp.. dis. with regt. 
 
 Privntex — James "\V. Austin, dis. with regt. 
 Horace W. Bohanon, dis. with legt. Clark 
 S. Bemis, dis. with regt. Martin ISiske. dis. 
 with regt. Frederick Biske, dis. witli regt. 
 Charles M. Bickford. dis. witli regt. Eben- 
 ezer Brandon, dis. witli regt. Kobert Cham- 
 bers, dis. with regt. (ieo. G. Drew, dis. witli regt. 
 Henry Doyle, dis. with regt. J. W. DeLamater, 
 dis. with regt. Wm. A. Fisher, dis. with regt. 
 Edward Fairfield, died January 2S. "65. at (Gal- 
 latin, Tenn. John Gerber. dis. with regiment, 
 (iottleib (xeiger. dis. with regt. Daniel (ilatz. dis. 
 with regt. L. Gee. dis. with regt. ('has. \V. 
 (iordon. dis. with regt. Alon/.o (ireen. dis. with 
 regt. Joshua Howe, dis. with regt. Xelson 
 Herrick, dis. with regt. Ephriam Harrington, 
 dis. with regt. Wm. IL Harrington, dis. with 
 regt. Geo. Hoisington, dis. with regt. E. M. 
 Hoisington, dis. per order May 31, 65. John M. 
 
 Hamilton, dis. with regt. Alfred G. Jaques. 
 dis. with regt. David W. Jones, dis. April 22, 
 '65, at Fort Snelling. Thomas Kirkwood, dis. 
 with regt. Michael Larkin, dis. witli regiment. 
 Morris H. Lamb, dis. with regt. Nathan Long- 
 fellow, dis. with regt. Wm. McKinley, dis. with 
 regt. Phillip Matter, dis. with regt. John Mat- 
 ter, dis. with regt. Icliabod Murphy, dis. with 
 regt. John H. McGary, dis. with regt. Chas. 
 D. Miller, dis. with regt. Mason March, dis. 
 with regt. David R. Malbon, dis. with regt. 
 Harvey S. Norton, dis. with regt. Joseph W. 
 Norris, dis. with regt. Thomas Ohn, dis. with 
 regt. Geo. A. Plummer, dis. with regt. Mitch- 
 ell Pelky. dis. with regt. Seth Pribble. dis. with 
 regt. Geo. C. Phillips, dis. with regt. A. D. 
 Pinkerton, dis. with regt. Daniel Palmer, dis. 
 with regt. James (^uinn, dis. with regt. Amasa 
 Richards, dis. with regt. Nicholas Rifenberger, 
 dis. w itli Regiment. John Rifenberger, dis. with 
 regt. J. P. Shumway, dis. with regt. Z. A. 
 Smith, dis. with regt. H. R. Stillman, dis. with 
 regt. (]has. R. Stimson, dis. with regt. H. Schu- 
 macker, dis. with regt. Timothy Shaw, dis. with 
 regt. Daniel Terrell, dis. with regt. Clark A. 
 Wright, dis. with regt. W. A. Willey, dis. with 
 regt. Lorenzo P. Warren, dis. April 1865, at 
 Fort Snelling. Geo. S. Woolsey. dis. with regt. 
 Wm. Allison, dis. with regt. Bernard Gasper, 
 dis. with regt. Hollis Hall. dis. witli regt. Carl 
 A. Hamisch, dis. with regt. ('has. C. Midwood. 
 dis. with regiment. Frank J. Stickiiey. dis. with 
 regiment. Biiford Tourman, discharged with 
 regiment. John Lyons, discharged with regt. 
 
 COMPANY G, ENHOLLED Al'(UST, 1.S64. 
 
 Albert R. Hall, 1st Lieut., dis. with regt. Wm. 
 T. Bowen, 2d Lieut., dis. with regt. 
 
 Privates. — Arthur B. Chase, dis. with regt. 
 Thomas Cunningham, dis. with regt. Horatio 
 Hawkins, dis. with regt. Benjamin Keesling. 
 dis. with regt. Amasa D. King. dis. with regt. 
 John H. Mitchell, dis. for commission. February 
 19. '65. C. Plant, dis. with regt. 
 
 THE ELEVENTH HKfilMENT INFANTHY, 
 
 was organized, August, "lU. ordered to Nash- 
 ville, Tennessee, and engaged in guarding rail- 
 road between Nashville and Louisville, until 
 muster out of regiment, June, "65.
 
 204 
 
 HISTOEY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 FIRST BATTALION IXFANTRT. jnJTN. VOL., 
 
 originally commanded by Col. Mark W. Downie. ; 
 
 FIELD .V.XD STAFF OFFICERS. 
 
 Charles II. Spear. Asst. Surgeon, en. .July 1. 
 ■H.5. dis. with regt. John W. Pride. Sergt. Major, 
 en. March 24. "tU. \no. 2d Lieut. Co. A and Q. 
 M.. prisoner at Anderson ville ^ nios.. dis. with 
 regt. David L. Morgan. Q. M. Sergt., en. April 
 1. '64. dis. with regt. 
 
 . C03IPAXY A. FIKST 1!.\.TTAL10X INFANTRY. 
 
 Chesley B. Tirrell. 1st Lieut., en. May 12, "64. 
 
 dis. for ilisaV)l. L)eeeiul)er 14. "64. for wds. reed. 
 
 at Petersburg. June 18. 64. Henry Ghostly. 
 
 Sergt.. en. December 30. "61. dis. on expr. of term. 
 
 December 29. "64. William A. Joy. Coi-p.. en. 
 
 March 24. "64, vet. vol.. pro. Sergt.. 2d Lieut. Co. 
 
 C. March 16. "65, dis. with Battalion. 
 
 Pni-a(e.<— Charles C. Blanchard. en. November ' 
 
 25. '61, dis. on e.xpr. of term. November 26. "64. 
 
 Peter G. Boflering, eu. February 18, "64. dis. per 
 
 per order, June 28, "Go. Jeremiah Collins, en. 
 
 January 1. "64. dis. per order. June 27. "6-5. Wm. 
 
 Coombs, en. Januarv 1. "64. dis. with Co. Chas. 
 
 I 
 A. Coombs, en. September 16. "61 . dis. on expr. of 
 
 term. May 20. "6.5. Turner Pribble. en. Novem- 
 ber 2.5, "61. eaptd. June 22. "64. dis. per order. 
 July 24, '6o. George Sias. en. March 14. "6^4. 
 prisoner at Andersonville. dis. with Co. 
 
 Bevruit—Aixroii Gould, en. February 28. "6.5. 
 dis. with Co. 
 
 COMPANY B. FIRST BATTALION INFANTRY". 
 
 Ellet p. Perkins. Capt.. eu. May -5. '64. dis. per 
 order. October 13. "64. Ileniy D. 0"Brien. 2d 
 Lieut, en. May 12. "64. pro. Capt. Co. A. April 10. 
 ■6-5, dis. with regt.. July 14. ■6.5. James Bryant. 
 1st Sergt., en. March 81. "64. jiro. 1st Lieut.. March 
 16. '6o. Capt. Co. C. dis. with regt. Adam C. 
 Stites. Sergt.. en. September 2S. "61. dis. on exp. 
 of term, September 28, 1864. AV. AV. Holden, 
 Corp.. en. February 26. "63. jiro. 2d Lieut.. 1st 
 Lieut., dis. with comp. Archiljald Ciutis. Ctup.. 
 en. March 24, "64, dis. with comp. William E. 
 Schumacher, Coi-p., en. March 31, "64. pro. Sergt.. 
 dis. with comp. Cieorge W. F. Abraham. Mus. 
 en. March 30, "64, died November 12. "64, m An- 
 dersonvUle pris. 
 
 Privates — Orv'ille Ames, en. February 25, '64, 
 supposed to have died July. "64. AVUliam Boffer- 
 
 ding, en. February 18, '64, dis. with comp. Da- 
 vid Carlton, en. February 26. "63, dis. with comp. 
 Sylvester Densmore, en. February 27, "64, died 
 November 26. "64. at City Point. Ya. E. M. C. 
 Hamilton, en. March 31. "64. dis. in hosp.. June 
 19. "65. Elmsly J. Hamilton, en. February 27, "64. 
 pris. at Andersonville, 8 mos., dis. Jmie 28, "65, 
 absent sick. James Hawks, en. February 29. "64, 
 ilis. with comp. F. W. Hohage. en. February 26. 
 "64, dis. with comp. David L. Morgan, en. ilarch 
 30. "64. pro. Q. M. Sergt. April 1. "65. dis. with regt. 
 Job Pratt. March 1. "64. dis. JiUy 13. 'Ho. absent 
 sick. Daniel Sullivan, en. November 1 . "61, Vet 
 Vol.. dis. on exp. of term. May 18, "65. Ciilbert 
 E. Sly. en. March 1. "64. died September 21, "64. 
 in pris. at Bichmond. Va. George G. Sunbey. en. 
 Feliruary 27. "64, died December 7, "64, at Amia- 
 polis. Md.. of disease contracted in rebel prison. 
 Peter Shultz. en. February 20. "64. dis. July 21. 
 "65. ab.seut. Harmon Stackloffe. en. Mar. 2S. "64. 
 pris. at Anderson \ille 6 mos., dis. '65, absent. 
 William Swager. en. March 24. "64. Yet. Yol. dis. 
 with comp. Norman Shook, en. April 1, "64. dis. 
 with company. James E. Weaver, en. March 24. 
 "64. Vet. A'ol.. dis. \\ith comp. Theodore Brown, 
 en. July 20. "61. dis. on exp. of term. July 20. "64. 
 Eecruit — Joseph Ilalleck. en. February 14. "65. 
 dis. per order April 4. "65. 
 
 Fii-st Battalliou Infantry. Minn. A'ols.. origi- 
 nally consisted of two compnies. organized from 
 the re-enlisted veterans, stay-over men and re- 
 cruits of the Fii-st Regiment, Minnesota Infantry 
 Yohmteers. Ordered to Washington. D. C.May 
 "64. Joined the Army of the Potomac June 10. 
 "64. Participated in the following battles, marches. 
 sieges and skirmishes : Petei-sburg. Ya.. June 1>^. 
 "64. Jerusalem Plank Boads. Ya.. June 22 and 23. 
 "64. Deep Bottom. \i\.. August 14, "64. Hatcher"s 
 Bun. Ya.. Octolier. 27. "64. Hatcher"s Run. Feb- 
 ruary 5, "65. Company C. joined March 27. "65. 
 Took active part in campaign commencing March 
 28. "65. and resultmg in the capture of Petei-s- 
 bin-g, "S'a.. April 2. "65. and the surrender of 
 Lee"s Army. April 9, "65. Four new companies 
 joined at Berks\ille, \a.. April "65: marched 
 from Berksville. Vn.. to Washington, D. C, 
 May "65. Two new companies joined at A\'asli- 
 ington. Ordered to Louisville. K\.. June "65. 
 Mustered out at Jeffersonville, Ind., July 14, '65. 
 Discharged at Fort Suelliug July 25, "65.
 
 HEAVY ARTILLEBY— SHARP SHOOTERS— MOUNTED RANGERS. 
 
 205 
 
 FIRST REGIMENT HEAVY ARTILLERY, 
 
 originally commanded by Col. AVm. Colville. 
 Christ. B. Ileffelfiuger. Major, com. April 25, '65, 
 dis. with regt. 
 
 COMPANY A. 
 
 Prii-ates.—Vfm. II. Bartlett, en. September 19, 
 '64, dis. with company. John Gotwold, en. Sep- 
 temlier 19, "1)4, dis. June 2, '65, at St. Paul. Richard 
 Hooper, en. Septemljer 19, '64, dis. with company. 
 Peter Iloppe. en. September 19, '64, dis. with com- 
 pany. Gordon Jackins, en. September 23, '64, dis. 
 with company, ilicliael Smith, en. September 
 29, '64, dis. with company. John S. Wales, en. 
 September 21, "64, dis. '65, absent. 
 
 COMPANY B. 
 
 Privates.— James M. Gillaspie, en. September 
 19, '64, dis. with company. Henry Miller, en. 
 September 19, '64, dis. with company. Henry C. 
 Miller, September 22, '64, transfd to Co. E July 
 7, '65. dis. per order August 28, '65, Geo. R. 
 Schaffer, en. September 14, '64, dis. with company. 
 Wm. B. Shaffel, en. September 22, '64, dis. with 
 company. Norman Ward, en. September 14, 
 pro. Corp. Sergt., dis. with company. 
 
 COMPANY C. 
 
 Irving A. Dnnsmoor. en. Oct. 15, '64, Sergt., 
 dis. with company. R. II. Ogburn. en. Septem- 
 ber 2, '64, Sergt., dis. witli coini)any. 
 
 COMPANY II. 
 
 John Hiissey, Jr., 2d Lieut, en. February 17, 
 '65, resigned June 26, '65. L. F. Sampson, 1st 
 Sergt., en. March, '65, dis. with regt. Romain 
 Pouliot, priv., dis. w'ith regt. 
 
 The First Regiment Heavy Artillery, organized 
 April '65. Ordered to Chattanooga, Tenn., and 
 stationed at post until muster out of regiment, 
 September "65. 
 
 FIRST COMPANY SHARP SHOOTERS, ENROLLED 
 MARCH, 1862, 
 
 originally commanded by ('apt. Francis Peteler. 
 Benedict Hipler, First Lieutenant, pro. ('apt. 
 February 10, '62, resigned July 2.s. "62. Dudley 
 P. Chase, Second Lieutenant, pro. First Lieu- 
 tenant February 10, '62, Capt. July 18, '62, died 
 of wounds reed, in battle at Chancellorville Va. 
 Jackson Steward, Sergt. died June 28, '62, at 
 Alexandria, Ya. Uriah R. Penny, Corp. dis. 
 
 for disab. April 1. "US. Wm. P. Collius, Corp. 
 no record. 
 
 Privates — Lucius Bell, died January 12, 1862. 
 Jno. W. Babcock, died May 12, '62, at Washing- 
 ton. Preston Cooper, deserted April 17, '63. 
 Daniel W. Jones, dis. per order May 1862. Jas. 
 Kerr, re-en ; transferred to 1st Bat. January 1, 
 '65. Wm. T. Kerr, dis. on exp. of term, Seiitem- 
 ber 22, '64. Henry McGaffery, re-en. transfd. to 
 1st Bat. January 30, '65. Eugene M(>riai«ty, dis. 
 for disab. February 4, "63. Abraham Maricle, 
 dropped from rolls Aug. 1, "63. Wm. E. Mason, 
 re-en. transfd. to 1st Bat. January 30, 65. Jas. 
 M. Powers, dis. for disab. Jan. 14, '63. Dyer 
 Pettijohn, re-en, transfd. to 1st Bat. January 
 30, '65. Lawrence T. Prescott, no record. Silas 
 S. Parmeter, no record. Henry W. Sampson, 
 dis. for disab. March 5, '63. Dudley A. Boan, 
 recruit, transfd. to 1st Bat. Eugene Swartout, 
 transfd. to 1st Bat. January 30, "65. 
 
 SECOND COMPANY SHARP SHOOTERS, ENROLLED 
 MARCH, 1862. 
 
 originally commanded by Capt. Wm. F. Russell. 
 
 A. J. Underwood, Sergt., dis. for disabl., Nov- 
 ember 1, '62. J. B. Chaney, Corp., dis. for disabl. 
 October 18, '62. 
 
 Privates — Samuel B. Beach, veteran. Charles 
 H. Spear, C. F. Widstrand, S. R. Churchill. 
 
 The company left St. Paul. Minn.. April 21. 
 '62, reported by order of Maj. Gen. :McClellan to 
 the first regiment U. S. S. S., at Yorktown. Ya.. 
 May 6, "62. May 22, "62, by special order Xo. 
 153, issued by Maj. (ieu. ^McClellan, the company 
 was assigned for duty with the First Minnesota 
 Yolunteers, and on duty with that regiment from 
 June 1, '62, and particii)ating iu all the engage- 
 ments and battles of said regiment, until its 
 muster out of the V. S. Service. All the enlisted 
 men of the company whose terms had not ex- 
 pired, were transferred to Companies A and B, 
 of the First Miimesota Infantry, in pursuance of 
 special order No. 102, Headquarters Army of 
 the Potomac, dated April 22, '65. 
 
 FIRST REGIMENT MOUNTED RANGERS, 
 
 originally commanded by Col. Samuel McPhaill. 
 
 George E. DuToit, Hospital Steward, en. De- 
 cember 1, '62, dis. with regt.
 
 206 
 
 HISTORY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 COMPANY A. 
 
 Eugene ^I. AVilson. I'apt.. en. Octuher 9. "62. 
 dis. with fomp.. October 20. "63. James M. 
 Paine. 2tl Lieut., en. October 9. "62, tlis. with 
 comp. Elisha Cowan, Sergt., en. October 9. "62.. 
 dis. with comp. .James B. AVilson. Sergt.. en. 
 October 9. "62. dis. witli comp. Steplien Pratt, 
 Corp.. en. October 9, "62, dis. with comp. Ed- 
 ward Morse. Corp.. en. October 9. "62. reduced 
 Xovember 10. "62, dis. with comp. Arcliibald 
 Mc(Jill, Corp., en. Oct. 9, "62, dis. with comp. 
 James Sweeny. Wag. en. October 9. "62. dis. with 
 comp. 
 
 PrivdteK — Jolni B. Boseman. en. Octol)er 1. "62. 
 dis. with comp. David Christlieb, en. September 
 20, "62, dis. witli comp. Charles Duprey, en. 
 September 20. "62. dis. with comp. Livingston 
 Estes. en. Sept. 23. "62. dis. witli comp. Wilson 
 Gray, en. September 20. "62. dis. witli comp. Ed- 
 ward Hughes, en. September 20. "62. dis. with 
 comp. Joshua Harris, en. September 27. "62. died 
 at Fort Snelluig, Xovember 12, '62. Robert II. 
 Jefferson, en. September 22. "62, dis. with comp. 
 Jasper X. Johnson, en. September 27, "62 desrtd. 
 March. "63. Emanuel Lavelly. en. September 20. 
 "62 dis. with comp. Thomas Otterman. en. Sep- 
 tember 24. "62, dis. with comp. Charles Pope, en. 
 September 27. died at Fort Ripley. Minn., Sep- 
 tember 30. "63. Isaac X^. Russell. Jr.. en. Sep- 
 tember 27. "62, dis. with comj). Frederick Ray- 
 mond, en. September 2ti. "62.dis. with comp. Wil- 
 liam E. Roth, en. September 29, "62, dis. with comp. 
 Matliew Sullivan, en. September 23, '62, dis. with 
 comp. Albert Simon, en. September 27, "62. dis. 
 with comp. Charles S. Plummer. en. Septemlier 
 25, "62, dis. with comp. Robert W. Sanborn, en. 
 September 26, "62, pro. Corp. Sergt., dis. with 
 comp. Andrew L. Tennison. en. September 27. 
 "1)2. dis. with comp. George II. AViaiits. en. Sep- 
 tember 20, "62, dis. with comp. Michael Wolf, 
 en. September 20, "62, dis. with comp. 
 
 Becfuits — Alpheus Angell. en. June 19, "63, dis. 
 with comp. -James Parker, en. October 17, "63, 
 dis. with comp. 
 
 lO.MPAXY c. 
 
 James Patten, Corp.. en. October 17. "62. dis. 
 with company. John McCormick. teamster, en. 
 October 17. "62, dis. with company. Clark 
 Ellsworth, blacksmith, en. October 17. "62. dis. 
 with company. 
 
 Privates. — Ezra B. Ames. en. September, 23, 
 "62, dis. with company, ^\'m. P. Burnett, en. 
 September 19. "62. dis. with company. Ed. C. Coun- 
 tryman, en. September 26. "62.dis. withcompanv. 
 John Droddy. en. October 15. "62. dis. with com- 
 pany. Iliram W. Dorman. en. September 23, "62. 
 dis. with company. Thomas E. Ellsworth, en. 
 September 23, "62, (Ued October 21. "62. at Fort 
 Snelling. P. P. Farrington. en. September 26. "62. 
 dis. with company. Henry Kelly, en. September 
 27, "62. dis. with company. E. Leiiiieman. en. Sep- 
 tember 23. "62. dis. with company. Sanford Red- 
 ding, en. October 15, "62, dis. with company. Adol- 
 phusSchenck. en. October 14. "62. dis. with com- 
 pany. Wni. II. Tilton.en. September 25. "62. dis. 
 with company. John Wyman. en. September 23, 
 '62. dis. with company. Samuel Wilson, en. Sej)- 
 tember23, "62. dis. with company. 
 
 liecndts. — Harvey Bowen. eii. March 14. "63. 
 dis. with company. Andrew J. Cates, en. Feb- 
 ruary 14. '63. dis. with company. Samuel Mm- 
 phy. en. January 30. "63. dis. with company. 
 
 C'OJIPAXV F. 
 
 Recruits — Horace M. Avery, en. December 23, 
 "62, dis. with company. Job Brown, en. May 22. 
 "63, dis. with K'ompauy. Levi Ilavilauit. eu. 
 March 22, "63, dis. with company. 
 
 COJfPANY G. 
 
 Privates — Alex. Burnell. en. X'oveniber 21. "62. 
 dis. for disabl.. March 1. "63. Samuel Layman, 
 en. Xovember 22. "62, dis. with Co. William II. 
 Lampman. en. October 28, "62. dis. with Co. 
 George Lampman. en. X'oveniber 22. "62. dis. 
 with Co. (ieorge Palmer, en. Xovember 22. "62, 
 dis. with Co. Charles ^I. Stinson. en. Xovem- 
 ber 22. "62. (lis. with Co. 
 
 • OJirANY K. 
 
 Private — James F. Hyland. en. December 10. 
 "62. dis. with Co. 
 
 COMPANY M. 
 
 Privates — John Bruth, en. December 5, "62. dis. 
 with Co. Peter Langle. en. Xovember 25, '62. 
 dis. with Co. Peter Leonard, en. Xovember 20. 
 "62. dis. with Co. 
 
 FIRST MOUNTED KANfiKliS. 
 
 organized March. "63. Stationed at frontier posts 
 until May. "63. when ordered upon Indian expedi-
 
 BRACKETT'S BATTALION CAVALRY. 
 
 207 
 
 tion. Engaged with Indians, July 24, 26. and 28, 
 '63. On return of expedition, stationed at frontier 
 posts until mustered out. Mustered out Viy 
 companies, between October 1, "6;-! and December 
 30. "63. 
 
 brackett's battalion cavalry, 
 
 originally commanded by Major A. B. Brackett. 
 
 r. O. Johnson, Surgeon, en. February 1. '02. res. 
 lHti4. 
 
 COMPANY A. 
 
 Nicholas Bode, mus. en. October", "(U. 
 
 P)-u-a(e.s— Henry Moore, en. October 19, '61, 
 dis. August 27, '62. for wds. reed, in battle May 
 5, '62. Martin Y. Pratt, en. October 11. '61, dis. 
 on exp. of term, October 28, '64. Simon Uiesgraf, 
 en. September 25, '61, dis. on exp. of term, Sep- 
 tember2o, "64. Recndtn — Ohas. A. Ilutchings. en. 
 March 5, '6.5, Vet. Pro. Corp. dis. with company. 
 Isaac N. Hoblitt, en. February 13, '65, dis. on exp. 
 of term, February 13, "66. Wm. Kissinger, en. 
 February 11, "65, dis. on exp. of term, February, 
 11, '66. ('has. F. Longfellow, en. February 14, 
 '65, dis. on exp. of term February 14, '66. John 
 F.Smith, en. February 11, '65, dis. on exp .of 
 term, February 11, '66. 
 
 COMPANY B. 
 
 Privates — Geo. S. Brown, en. March 64, dis. 
 with company. Henry S. Chase, en. March 22, '64, 
 dis. with company. William Finley, en. March 
 24, '64, dis. with company. Amos B. Hurley, en. 
 March 23, '64, pro. wagoner, dis. with company. 
 John II. Ilaughley, March 26, '64, dis. with com- 
 pany. "Walter Keough, en. March 30, "64, dis. with 
 company. Columbus Myers, en. March 30, '64, 
 dis. with company, James H. Pottle, en. March 
 30, '64, dis. with company. Samuel J. Peel, en. 
 March 26, "64. dis. with company. Chas. H. 
 AVaters, en. March 25, "64. dis. with company, 
 Samuel A. "Wilson, en. April 5, "64, vet. dis. with 
 company. Dominick Grutch, en. February 13, 65 
 dis. with company. Peter Miller en. February 
 13, '65, dis. on exp. of term. Felmiary 28, '66. 
 John Rust, en. Felnuary 13,'65, dis. February 
 28, '66. Nicholas Thilleau, en. February 11, "65, 
 dis. February 11, 66. Archibald E. Howe, en. 
 February 14, '65, dis. February 27, '66. Peter 
 ('. Howe, en February 14, '65, dis. per order June 
 2, 1865. 
 
 COMPANY C. 
 
 Henry S. Lindsay, Mus.. en. November28, '61. 
 died January 26. "62. in hospital at Camp Benton, 
 Mo. John Finnegan, Wag., en. November 20, 
 '61, re-en. Dec. 31, '63, dis. per order. 
 
 Privates. — Francis W. Carlton, en. November 
 1. '61, dis. on exp. of term Decemljer 19. '64. 
 Wallace 11. Lashell, en. November 14, '61, re-en. 
 Dec. 31, '63, dis. with company. Oren J. Swan, 
 en. Nov. 1, '61, dis. on exp. of term, December 
 19, '64. John B. Thompson, en. November 18. 
 '61, re-en. December 31, '63, pro. Corp., dis. with 
 company. 
 
 Recruits.~yVm. Xau Eman, en. February 29, 
 '64, dis. with company. Ephriam AVhitney, en. 
 February 29, '64, dis. with company. Geo. B. 
 Allen, en. February 13, '65, one year, dis. on exp. 
 Bernard Cloutier, one year, dis. on exp. 
 
 COMPANY T>. 
 
 Recruits.^ J a,s. 11. Brownell, en. February 10, 
 '64, dis. with company. John Connor, en. De- 
 cember 15, '63, dis. with company. 
 
 brackett's BATTALION CAVALRY, 
 
 originally 1st, 2d and 3d Companies of this cavalry 
 organized October and November '61. Ordered 
 to Benton Barracks, Mo., December "61. Assigned 
 to a regiment called Curtis' Horse. Ordered to 
 Fort Henry, Tenn., February '62. Name of 
 regiment changed to Fifth Iowa Cavalry, April 
 '62, as Companies G, I) and K. Engaged in siege 
 of Corinth April '62. Ordered to Fort Herman, 
 Tenn., August '62. "\'eteranized February '64. 
 Ordered to Department of Northwest, "64. Or- 
 dered upon Indian expedition. Engaged with 
 Indians July 28, and August "64. Mustered out 
 l)y companies between May "66, and June '66. 
 
 SECOND REGIJIENT CAVALRY, 
 
 originally commanded by Col. K. N. McLaren. 
 
 COMPANY A, ENROLLED FEBRUARY. '63. 
 
 Privates— Trimk Brabic, dis. on expr. of term. 
 Feb. 13, '65. Charles Stien, dis. on expr. of term. 
 '65. Louis Stein, dis. per order, July 11, '65. 
 
 COMPANY D. 
 
 James M. Payne, Capl.. en. October 23, '63. 
 dis. with Co., December 2, "65. Robert Wood, 
 2d Lieut,, en. October 24, '63, died November 25. 
 '64. at Fort Wadsworth. Archibald McGill, 1st
 
 208 
 
 HISTOEY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 Sergt., en. 2^ovember 20, pro. 2d Lieut., 1st 
 Lieut. Co. H., June 6, 'Go. liis. with Cn.. April 
 28, "66. Roljert MeGratli. g. M. Sergt. en. 
 November 7, "tiS. (lis. witli Cn. lioljert W. San- 
 born, Sergt.. en. October 23, '63, pro. 2d Lieut., 
 dis. with Co. Andrew J. Cates, Sergt., en. Nov- 
 eml)er 2, "t}3, dis. witli Co. Geo. C. Ticlaior, 
 Corp.. en. December 3. "63, dis. witli Co. David 
 X. Jenkins. Corp.. en. Octol)er 2S, '()3, reduced, 
 dis. with Co. Levi W. Merritt, Corp.. en Decem- 
 l)er 12, "(13, dis. for disabl., .June, '6o. Ancel 
 Ticknor, Wag., en. December 3. "63, reduced, 
 dis. with Co. Geo. C. Mar.sliall, Blk smth.. en. 
 December 7, "(iS, reduced, dis. witli Co. 
 
 Privateif — "William Armstrong, en. >'ovemlier 
 7, "63, dis. witli conip. Charles S. Bardwell, en. 
 November 13, "63, pro. Corp.. dis. with comj). 
 Joshua S. Bryant, en. December 7. ■()3. dis. with 
 comp. A. V. Ueeman, en. Nov., "()3, dis. with 
 comp. Richard Clayton, en. Decemlier 22, "fiS. 
 dis. with comp. Thomas Cardman, en. Novem- 
 l)er 2. "153. dis. for disab.. September 1, "65. Car- 
 los Douglas, en. December 1, "ii3, dis. with comp. 
 John M. Eddy, en. November 7. "(53, appointed 
 blacksmith, dis. with comp. Llewellyn Goodale, 
 en. December 2(5, "03, dis. with regt. John 
 Larington, en. December 2, "63. destd. .Nhi> 4. "tU. 
 at Fort Snelling. Patrick ilcKiuuey, en. Novem- 
 ber 10, "(K^.dis. for disab.. July 2o, "(i.j. Roderick 
 McLennan, en. November 28, ■03, dis. with comp. 
 Moses F. Olliver, en. November 21, "tiS, appointed 
 trumpeter, dis. with regt. Samuel S. Paine, en. 
 Noveml)er 6, "63, pro. Chaplain, dis. with regt. 
 Edmond Phinney, en. December 4, "(iS, dis. with 
 comp. Joseph Sliarr, en. November 24, "63, dis. 
 with comp. Charles II. Sumner, en. December 
 13, "63, dis. witli comp. .James P. Ticknor. en. 
 December 3, "63. pro. Corp., dis. with regt. Ben- 
 jamin Wallace, en. October 28. 'i>3. dis, with comp. 
 (xeorge H. Wymants, en. December 1-5. ■t)3. dis. 
 with comp. Henry C. Williams, en. December 
 16, "63, dis. with comp. Matthias Weidenbach, 
 en. November 24, "63, died March 17. "6.5, at Fort 
 Wadsworth. Chester C. Ward. en. November 16, 
 "63, dis. witli comp. 
 
 Becruits — I Enrolled February 14, "6-5.1 — Horatio 
 Beeman, dis., no record. Mark M. Bridges, dis., 
 no record. Samuel M. Haws. dis.. no record. 
 Joseph Naramore, dis., no record. Edward 
 Stoddard, dis.. no record. 
 
 COMPANY F. 
 
 Becruits. — Leander \'. Allen, en. February 14. 
 ■6.5. dis. with company. Oscar R. Champlin, en. 
 March 30. "64. dis. with company. Geo. B. Whid- 
 din. en. February 1.5. "6-5. dis. with company. 
 
 COMPANY 1. 
 
 Price B. Ourcus. recruit, en. ilarcli 29. '64, 
 dis. with company. 
 
 COMPANY L. 
 
 Romain A. Streeter, private, en. February 16, 
 "64, dis. with company. 
 
 Second Minnesota Cavalry, organized December 
 "63, and January "64. Ordered upon Indian ex- 
 pedition May "64. Engaged with Indians July 
 28 and August "(U. Stationed at frontier posts 
 until muster out of regiment by companies be- 
 tween November "6-5 and June "66. 
 
 INDEPENDENT BATTALION, C.WALKY, 
 
 originally commanded by Major E. A. C. Hatch. 
 
 COMPANY A. 
 
 Will. W. Wilson, Sergt., en. July 6, "63, dis, for 
 disab. James N. Dudley, Sergt., June 30, "63, 
 reduced, dis. with company. Edward (x. Libby, 
 Sergt.. en. July 1.5, "63, reded, dis. with company. 
 St. Don Palmer, Corp,, en. June 30. "63, pro. 
 Sergt., dis. with comp. John M. Burgan. Corp., 
 en. July 1-5. "63, reduced, dis. with comp. Nich- 
 olas Am, Trumpeter, June 27, "63, dis, with comp. 
 
 Prirutes. — Miles J. Haver, en. July 17, "63, dis. 
 for disab. Edwin Brewster, en. July 1.5, '63, dis. 
 with comp. Nathaniel Chantler, en. July 1.5, "63, 
 dis. with comp. And. Cruickshanks. en. June 
 30, "63, dis, witli comp. Ronald Cruickshanks. en. 
 June 30, "63, dis. with comp. John A. Coleman, en. 
 June 30, "63, no record given. Chas. H. Cook, en. 
 July 1.5, "63. dis. with comp. Sam'l P. Hall. en. 
 June 30, "63, died Oct. 1-5. "63, at ^Minnetonka, 
 Minn. Joseph Ilankerson, en. July 6, "63, died 
 September 10. "63, at Minneapolis. Charles 
 Ogl)uriL. en. July 6, '63, dis. with comp. Thos. 
 C. Wakelield, en. June 30, '63, dis. with company. 
 Christian Wolter, en. July. "63, dis. with comp. 
 
 J?fc/-!(("f.s— Alfred Gervais. en. July 28, '63, dis. 
 for disab. March 14, "6.5. Edwin M. Snow, en. 
 February 22, "64, dis. per order, April 6, '66. 
 Chas. H. Parrish, en. Feb. 22, '64, dis. for disabl. 
 Frederic Bowers, en. February 23, "64, dis. with
 
 INDEPENDENT BATTALION CAVALBT. 
 
 209 
 
 company. Abe Zimmerman, en. February 23, 
 "64, dis. per order :SIarch 29, "66. 
 
 COMPANY B. 
 
 Geo. C. Whitcomb, capt., en. July 7, '(iS, dis. 
 witli comp. Tliomas II. Briggs, Q. M. Sergt., 
 en. July 4, "63, pro. 1st Sergt. dis. with comp. 
 James W. Hankinson, Corp. en. August 7, '63, 
 reduced Deceml>er 1, "63, disclid. for promotion 
 February 25, "6o. Toluey R. Walters, Corp. en. 
 July 16, '63, reduced December 1, 63, re-appoint- 
 ed Corp. July 17, "64, dis. for disab. February 
 14, '65. Moses II. Ripley, blksmth. en. August 
 4, '63, dis. per order January 27, "66. 
 
 Prii-atcs — Robert Archibald, en. August 10, '63 
 dis. with comp. Josepli Bonldice, en. July 14, 
 '63. dis. with comp. Octave Boucher, en. July 
 31, '63, dis with comp. Chas. Bohanon, en. Aug- 
 ust 7, '63, dis. with comp. Joseph Burnell, en. 
 August 3, '63, dis. with comp. Beleana Burnell, 
 en. August 3, "63, dis. with comp. Justin A. 
 Dayton, en. July 2, "63, dis. with comp. Joseph 
 Desjardins, en. July, 29, '63, dis. with company. 
 Samuel Ilelthy, en. August H, '(i3, deserted Sep- 
 tember 15, "65. Wm. McKenzie, en. July 1, '63, 
 dis. for disab. September 15, "65. Charles Mid- 
 wood, en. Jidy 8, "63, deserted August 63. Lud- 
 wig Netzbone, en. July 16, "63, dis. with comp. 
 Leroy B. Newton, en. August 7, '63, pro. Sergt. 
 dis. with comp. Luman Putnam, en. July 1, '63 
 died Octol)er 3, "63, at Minneapolis. Michael 
 Patnode, en. August 3, '63 dis. with comp. Moses 
 Fatnode, en. August 3, '63, dis. with company. 
 Thomas Peisen, en. July 16, '63, dis. with comp. 
 Lewis Riley, en. July 11, '63, dis. with company. 
 Albert Roth, en. July 15, "63, dis. with with comp. 
 Adoli)h Roberts, en. August 3, '63, dis. per order 
 May 7, "66. Leon Richards, en. .Vugust 7, '63, 
 dig. with comp. John C. Saddler, en. July 1, '63. 
 dis. for disab. July 8. "65. Joseph Scott, en. 
 August 3, "63, dis. with comp. Oliver Van- 
 Bunker, en. July 1, '63, dis. with comp. Edgar 
 Nott, en. July 13, 63, dis. with comp. 
 
 Recndtx—John Donlon.en. August 15, "63, dis. 
 
 with comp. James Scully, en. Septem))er22, '63, 
 
 dis. with comp. Albert C. Fletcher, en. March 
 
 30, '64, dis. with comp. William E. Roth, en. 
 
 March 26, '64, dis. with comp. La Salle Roth, en. 
 
 March 26, '64, dis. with comp. Isaiah Dougherty, 
 
 en. March 28, "64, dis. per order, March 11. "66. 
 14 
 
 Joseph Brunell, Jr., en. September 21, '63, dis. 
 with comp. 
 
 COMPANY c. 
 
 Daniel W. Getchell, Sergt., en. August 22, '63, 
 dis. with comp. 
 
 Privates — Frederick II. Chilson, en. August 31, 
 '63, dis. with comp. John Flam, en. August 24, 
 '63, dis. with comp. Jos. Gagne, Jr., en. Se])- 
 tember 9, '63. dis. with comp. John Hollander, 
 en. September 8, '63, dis. with comp. Peter 
 Roshen, en. September 9, "63. dis. with comp. 
 Ernest Smith, en. September 11, '63, dis. with 
 comp. 
 
 Eecruits—Fhilo S. Thayer, en. March 25, '64, 
 dis. with comp. William Bushnel. en. ^March 28, 
 "64, dis. per order, March 22, '65. Amos Hoyt, 
 en. March 28, '64, dis. per order, March 10, '66. 
 Fred"k. Miller, en. April 1, "64, died November 
 5, '65. Edward Morse, en. April 1, '64, dis. with 
 coiup. Charles Eggert, en. April 1, "64, dis. with 
 comp. George Slater, en. April 1 , '64, dis. for 
 disabl. July 3, '65. 
 
 COMPANY D. 
 
 Privates— Byron E. Bushnell,en. November 19, 
 '63, dis. for disab., March 29, '64. George God- 
 frey, en. February 27, "64, dis. with comp. Chris- 
 tian Keller, en. March 28, "64. dis. with comp. 
 Frederick Biers, en. April 1, "64, dis. with comp. 
 Mahlon Cooper, en. April 18, "64, dis. with comp. 
 
 COMPANY E. 
 
 George Boyd, Jr., Capt., en. August 31, "64, dis. 
 with comp. , May 1 , '66. JIark T. Berry, 1 st Lieut. , 
 en. August 31, '64, dis. with comp. Alden M. 
 Kimball, 2d Lieut., en. August 31, "64, dis. per 
 order. John M. McKeen, Q. M. Sergt., en. Au- 
 gust 8, "64, dis. with com]). Nelson II. Miner, 
 Com. Sergt., en. August 29, "04, dis. with comp. 
 George H. Stetson, Sergt.. en. August 4, "64. re- 
 duced, dis. with comp. Leonard II. Dodge, Corp., 
 en. August 18. "64, pro. Sergt., dis. with comp. 
 Francis Day, Corp., en. August 8, "64. pro. Sergt. 
 dis. with comp. And. McCausland, Corp., en. 
 August 29, '64, dis. with comp. Israel S. Parker, 
 Corp., en. August 8, "64, dis. with comp. George 
 A. Hall, Corp., en. August 4, "64, dis with comp. 
 Asa Goidd, Corp., en. August 29, '64, dis. with 
 comp. Gideon B. Stetson, Mus., en. August 4, 
 "64, dis. with comp. Israel (i. Stetson. Mus., en.
 
 ■210 
 
 HISTORY OF HENyEPIX COUNTY 
 
 August 4, "64, dis. for disab, March 13, "66. Da- 
 vid P. Palmer. Fanier. en. August 29, "64, dis. 
 witli comp. 
 
 Privates — Tliomas Armstrong, en. August 4, 
 "64, dis. with comp. Cyrus J. Braman. en. Aug. 
 10. "64. dis. per order. Octol)er 26. "6.5. Francis 
 Bren. en. August 22. "64. dis. witli comp. John 
 Chastek, en. August 22. "64. dis. witli comji. 
 John H. Crate, en. August 12. "64. dis. witli comp. 
 John Droddy. en. August 22. "64. dis. with comp. 
 John Gleeson, en. August 3. "64, dis. with comp. 
 Harrison Goodale. en. August 9. "64, dis. with 
 comp. Patrick B. Larkiu. en. August 9, "64. dis. 
 with comp. Isaac Lloyd, en. August 9. "64, dis. 
 with comp. Cassius II. Lobdel. en. August 4, 
 "64, dis. with comp. Xathaniel G. Leighton, en. 
 August 8. "64. dis. with comp. Peter ililler. en. 
 August 10. "64. dis. with comii. Benjamin Max- 
 on, en. August 24. "64. dis. with comp. Peter 
 Raymond, en. August 27. "64. dis. with comp. 
 Ijawreuce Riley, en. August 4, "64. dis. with comp. 
 Peter Rusch, en. August 4. "64, dis. with comp. 
 John Smitana. en. August 22. "64. sent to Insane 
 Asylum. Jamiary 23, "66. AVilliam Sturman, en. 
 Aug. 23, "64. dis. for disabl. Xov. 8, "65. Geo. D. 
 Tuttle. en. August 4. "64, dis with comp. Daniel 
 T. Thompson, en. August 25, "64, dis. with comp. 
 Charles Wolsfleld. en. August 9. "64, i)ro. Corp., 
 dis. with comp. George Young, en. August 29, 
 "64, dis. with comp. 
 
 Recruit!! — [Enrolled February 17, "65 : dis. on 
 exp. of term. February 17, "66.]— Samuel H. Bo- 
 hanon, Charles K. Carlton, Charles S. Plummer, 
 Wilham Stanchfleld. Justus II. AVyhe. Daniel L. 
 Carlton. S. L. Bohanon. 
 
 co3ip.\xy F. 
 
 Private — Antouie Pantel. en. August 8. "64, 
 dis. with comp. 
 
 Independent Battalion ilinnesota Cavalry, or- 
 ganized July, "63. Ordered to Pemliina, D. 
 T.. October. "63; ordered to Fort Abererombie. 
 D. T.. ilay, "64; stationed at Fort Abererombie- 
 imtil mustered out. Mustered out by companies 
 from April to June. "66. 
 
 FIRST BATTERY LIGHT ARTILLERY. 
 
 originally commanded by Capt. Emil Munch. 
 
 C. C. Cogswell. 1st Sergt., en. October 28. "61. 
 
 dis. for disabl. July 10, "62. Anthony Gretheu, 
 
 Q. M. Sergt.. en. Xovember 11. "61. dis. for 
 
 ilisabl. AugiLSt 5, "62. F. L. Ilaywood, Sergt., 
 eu. October 28, "61, re-en. pro. 2d Lieut., dis. with 
 battery. X. K. Hanks. Corp.. en. October 28. "61. 
 died June 19. "62. at Corinth. Miss. C. S. Da\-is. 
 Corp.. en. Xovember 11. "61. died by wds. rec'd. 
 in battle. April 27. "63. Henry Rippe. Bugler, 
 en. October 9. "61, destd. January 11. "62. at St. 
 Louis. Peter Germain. Artificer, en. October 21, 
 "61. dis. March 1, 62, ^mustered WTong). John 
 BofEerding. Artificer, en. October 25, "61. dis. 
 March 1. "62, (mustered wrong). C. I). Brown. 
 Artificer, en, October 28, '61. dis, for disabl. 
 July 7, 62. 
 
 Prirritcs — Adolph Blitz, en. October 10, "61, 
 re,en. December 1, "63, dis. with battery. Jos. 
 Coleman, en. Xovember 15, "61, re-en, Decem- 
 ber 1, "63, discharged with Ijattery. .James 
 Fall, en. October 28, "61, pro, 2d Lieut,, dis. with 
 battery. Darwin Gates, en. October 28. "61 . dis. 
 for disabl. May 1. "62. Charles Hasselmann. en. 
 October 29. "61, died Julv 8, "62, at St, Louis, 
 
 I Renselaer Xevers, en. October 28, "61, re-en. 
 January 1, "64, dis, with battery, Charles Pierce, 
 
 i en. October 11, "61, dis. for disabl. July 21. "62. 
 
 ! Royal Pliunmer. en. October 30, "61, re-en. Janii- 
 
 I ary 1, "64, dis. with battery. Russell Pease, en. 
 October 8, '61, destd. Jidy 3, "62. apprehended 
 April 21, "64, dis. June 30. "65. Howard Robin- 
 son, en. October 26, "61, dis. for disabl. July 19, 
 "62. Joseph Sparks, en. October 28, '61, dis, for 
 
 I disabl. "62. Tracy Wilson, en. August 16. '63. 
 dis. with battery. 
 
 FIRST BATTERY LIGHT ARTILLERY, 
 
 organized October "61, Ordered to St, Louis, 
 December "61, thence to Pittsburg Landing Feb- 
 ruary '62, Engaged in the following battles, 
 marches, sieges and skirmishes : Shiloh, April 5 
 and 6, "62, siege of Cormth, April "62, Corinth 
 October 3 and 4, "62. Marched from Corhith to 
 Oxford, Miss., and thence to Memphis, Tenn. 
 Assigned to 17th Army Coi-ps, Xovemlier "62. 
 Veteranized January "64. Ordered to Cairo. 111., 
 thence to Iluntsville. Ala., thence to Aekworth, 
 Ga. Battle of Kenesaw ilountain. Atlanta. July 
 22 and 28. Sherman's campaign tteough Georgia 
 and the CaroUnas. Discharged at Fort Snelling 
 June 30, "65, 
 
 SECOND BATTERY LIGHT ARTILLERY. 
 
 Wm. A. Ilotchkiss, Capt.. en. as private, com.
 
 SECOND AND THIRD BATTERIES, LIGHT ARTILLERY. 
 
 211 
 
 Capt. pro. Brevet Major at Stone river, Veteran- 
 ized and discliarged with battery, September, "65. 
 Henry W. Harder, 1st Sergt. en. December 7, "61, 
 pro. 2d Lieut. July "62, 1st Lieut. January, '64, 
 dis. witli battery. John ^SlcCausland. Com. Sergt. 
 en. December 4, "61, died January 22 "6o at Cliat- 
 tanooga, Tenn. Hemy "W. Towle, Corp. en. 
 December 21, "61, re-en. March 21, '64, dis. witli 
 battery. Wilber Nickols, Corp. en. October 30, 
 '61, dis. for disab. Felnuary lo, '63. Edward 
 Rogers, Artificer,, en. February 14, "62, dis. for 
 disab. April 2, "63. John T. Arnell, Artiflcer, 
 en. March 6, "62, re-en. March 24, "64. dis. for 
 disab. Fel)ruary 16, "6.). 
 
 Privates. — Xicliolas Arn. en. January 6, "62, 
 dis. for disab. October 31 . "62. Melchor Blesi, en. 
 January 17, "62, died December 6, "62, at Nash- 
 ville, Tenn. Christopher Blake, en. February 
 12, '62, dis. for disab. Octol)er 3, "62. Gustav 
 Darcachy, en. January 20, "62, died January 31, 
 '63 in the field. John (iibson, en. January 28, '62 
 dis. on exp. of term Marcli 28, "6o. Martin Ilosli, 
 en. January 11, '62, re-en. March 22, "64. dis. 
 with battery. John Kenueily. en. January 4, "62 
 dis. for disali. April 21, "63. Jolm L. Kimball, en. 
 Jannary 25, '62, dis. for disab. May 22, '63. Alden 
 C. Meed, en. December 9, '61. dis. for disab. No- 
 vember 15, "62. Geo. F. Murpliy, en. January 
 16, '62, died June 27, "62 at Camp Clear Creek, 
 Miss. John Soper. en. December 12, "61, re-en. 
 March 21, "64, dis. with battery. John C. Stock- 
 ton, en. January 25, "62, died '62 at Tidva, Miss. 
 Peter Streicher, en. Jannary 28, "62. died Aug- 
 ust 21, '64 in the field. Hilarious Schmidt, en. 
 February 5, '62, dis. for disab. January 3, '63. 
 John B. Talcott, en. December 12. "61, re-en. 
 March 21, "64, pro. Corp. discharged witli battery. 
 Mathew Taisey, en. January 4, "62, dis. for disab. 
 October 29, "63. Betluiel Then, en. Febnuiry 
 12, '62, died July 30, "62, at Keokuk. la. David 
 Vanderen, en. October 28, "62, dis. on exp. of 
 term, ^March 28, '65. Chas. S. Waldron, en. Jan- 
 nary ID. "62. re-en. March 22,64. dis, witli battery. 
 
 SECOND BATTERY, LIGHT ARTILLERY, 
 
 organized December "61, and commanded by 
 Captain Hotehkiss. April '62, reported at Saint 
 Louis, Mo., for equipment. Ordered to Corinth 
 May "62, arriving there at close of Shiloh battle. 
 Participated in siege of Corinth. Marched with 
 
 division commanded by Gen. Jeff. C. Davis, as 
 re-enforcement to BuelFs army in Tennessee. 
 Battles of BuelFs campaign against Bragg. Per- 
 i-yville, October 8 and 9, '62, Lancaster, October 
 12, '62. Knob Gap, December 20, '62. Stone 
 Eiver, five day's battle, commencing December 
 31, '62. During this battle the horses of the bat- 
 tery were not unhitched excepting for water at 
 night. Capt. Hotehkiss was promoted Brevet 
 Major by general field order, and assigned to 
 duty as Chief of Artillery of General Davis' 
 Division, with a command of three batteries. 
 Battle of Tullahoma. Marched in pursuit 
 of enemy towards Kome, Ga., via Stephen- 
 son, Ala., crossed Tennessee river at Caperton's 
 Ferry, marched across Sand and Racoon Moun- 
 tains and reached Lookout Mountain at "N'alley 
 Head. Crossed Lookout Mountain in the direc- 
 tion of Rome, in pursuit of the enemy ; returned 
 and descended into McLamore's Cove. En- 
 gaged in battle of Chickamauga Septem- 
 ber 19 and 20, '63, Mission Ridge, subsequent 
 marches and skirmishes to Ringgold. Marched 
 with Sherman to relief of Knoxville September 
 "63. Spring of "64, battles of Ringgold, Tunnel 
 Hill and Buzzard "s Roost. Battery veteranized 
 March '64. Battle of Xashville December 15 and 
 16, '64. Stationed at Chattanooga and Philadel- 
 phia, East Tennessee. Discliarged at Fort Snel- 
 ling September '65. 
 
 THIRD BATTERY LIGHT ARTILLERY. 
 
 Recruits — John E. Brawley, en. February 24, 
 '64, dis. with battery. David X. Carr, en. March 
 30, '64, dis. with battery. Samuel H. Clark, en. 
 March 31, "64, pro. Corp., dis. with battery. AVil- 
 liani H. Garvey, en. February 29. '64, dis. with 
 battery. Charles Pratt, en. March 31, "64, dis. 
 with battery. George ^1. Wright, en. March 31, 
 "64, dis. with liattery. 
 
 Third Battery MinneSbta Light Artillery, or- 
 ganized February, 1863; ordered upon Indian 
 Expedition of 1863 ; participated in engagements 
 with Indians, July 24, 26 and 28, 1863; stationed 
 at frontier posts until ]\Iay. 1864, when entered 
 upon Indian Expedition of 1864 ; engaged with 
 Indians, July 28 and August, 1864 ; upon return 
 of expedition, stationed at frontier posts until 
 muster out of battery, February 27, 1866.
 
 212 
 
 HISTORY OF HEyXEPIX COUKTT. 
 
 PvTClIFIELD. 
 
 CHAPTEE XXXVI. 
 
 GENERAL DESCRIPTION— EARLY SETTLEMENT — 
 CIVIL HISTORY — SCHOOLS— CHURCHES — MILL- 
 ING — SHOPS — STORES,— HOTELS BIOGRAPHI- 
 CAL. 
 
 This township is situated in tlie .soutli-eastern 
 part of the county, and borders on the east on 
 lioth the Mississippi and Minnesota Rivers. The 
 nortlieni and central portions of the town are 
 rolling, and the southwestern undulating. The 
 central portion of the town is traversed by the 
 sandy belt, which produces copses of small oaks 
 and aspens. The remainder of the rolling land 
 is well tiuil)ered with elm, bass, maple, etc., trees 
 of a larger growth. The south-eastern part, 
 bordering on the Fort Suelling Reservation, and 
 extending west as far as Wood Lake, is a beauti- 
 ful prairie. The town contains nearly thirty 
 lakes, many of them t)f great beauty. Most 
 prominent among them, for size and scenery, are 
 Amelia and Wood Lakes. Aside from the Mis- 
 sissippi and Minnesota Rivers on the east, there 
 are two beautiful streams. Miiuiehaha and Xiiie 
 Mile creeks which flow through the town. ^Nliune- 
 haha Creek, taking its rise in Lake Minnetoiika, 
 flows easterly througli the towns of Minnetonka. 
 Minneapolis, and RichheUl receiving the triliutary 
 waters of lakes Jilother, Amelia and Rice, thence 
 south-easterly, tumbling all its laughing waters 
 over a precipice, forming ilinnehalia Falls, and 
 flows into the Mississippi River, above Fort 
 Suelling. These waters, but especially Minne- 
 haha Creek, are very beautiful, and a great 
 attraction to tourists. Xine Mile Creek flows 
 across the south-western part of the town into 
 the Minnesota. 
 
 The Nortliern Boundary of the township was 
 originally two miles north of the present line, 
 running in a straight line from Minnetonka to 
 the Mississippi. This line was altered by act of 
 
 legislature in 1867-8. A narrow strip was taken 
 from its entire northern l)oundary and attached 
 to the township of Minneapolis. It was two miles 
 wide at the west and so continued until it inter- 
 sected Minnehaha Creek at the outlet of Rice 
 Lake, and followed the course of that stream to 
 its junction with the Mississippi. 
 
 On the east, the Military Reservation, by 
 its original boundaries, included more than 
 half of this township. The dividing line ex- 
 tended west of Lake Harriet. By the lirst re- 
 duction, Xovember, 1853, the lines were so con- 
 tracted that the western line passed through lakes 
 ^lother and Amelia. It includes liy its present 
 boundaries only about one thousand acres, and 
 allows tlie town several miles on the great rivers. 
 
 EARLY SETTLEMENT. 
 
 In consequence of its intimate relations to the 
 fort and its once forinmg part of the reservation, 
 the history of Richfield must begin from the ear- 
 liest records of explorers, before the settlement of 
 the state. We refer to previous chapters in the 
 work for this part of the history, simply remind- 
 ing the reader here, that a few of the Swiss set- 
 tlers, from the Hudson 15ay territory of Lord 
 Selkirk, under the leadership of Louis Massey. 
 settled here in June, 1827, but were forcibly re- 
 moved Ijy orders from the government. Xo relic 
 now indicates their occupancy. The leader of 
 the party, Louis Massey, is still living at Hudson, 
 AVisconsin, at an advanced age. The first claim 
 in the towii was that made on Minnehaha Creek 
 by Hon. J. R. Brown. Louis Godfrey was the 
 first settler after the territorial organization. He 
 was a Frenchman and his wife a Chippewa. 
 He lived on section five, where widow Darcy now 
 resides. During the Sioux massacre he fled to 
 Mendota, and died there in 1878. The date of 
 his settlement is uncertain, but it is known to 
 have been jirior to 1S.")2. Samuel Stough made a
 
 BICHFIELD-CIVIL HISTORY. 
 
 213 
 
 claim in 1852, and resided here until his death, 
 iu 1875. William Finch settled here in 1853, and 
 in 1878 removed to California. lie lived where 
 Mr. Place now resides. James A. Dunsmoor 
 settled in 1853, removed to California, and died in 
 187t. Philander Prescott. who has been men- 
 tioned as arriving at Fort 8nelling in 1819, and as 
 Indian farmer in 1830. settled in Ilichlield, near 
 where the Richtield Mills now are, about 1852. 
 He was interested in the buildintr of the mills, 
 and prominent in pul)lic affairs until his death, 
 lie was killed, in the massacre of 1862, by Little 
 Six and Medicine Bottle. He was running his 
 horse for life, hoping to reach Fort Ridgely. The 
 murderers were afterwards hung. 
 
 Many other settlers arrived in 1853. C. W. 
 Harris, who died m 1868 at Minneapolis ; Henry 
 Townsend and his two sons, Henry and Kobert ; 
 ^Mr. Draper, John McCabe, ^Ir. IJuggan, and 
 others. From this date on, settlers arrived very 
 rapidly, imtil now it is one of the most populous 
 and prosperous towns in the county. The pres- 
 ent population is 1505. The town has 22,988 
 acres of land. The assessed valuation of the 
 same for the year 1869, was $15().10-1; 1875, 
 $532,530; 1880, 8702,670. Personal property, 
 1869, S49,336; 187o, §98,329 ; 1880, §119,614. 
 Total taxes in 1869, 53,988,- 1875,88,497; 1880, 
 87,818, Horses over two years old, 1869, 333 ; 
 1875, 491 ; 1880, 493. Cattle over two years old, 
 1869, 655 ; 1875, 856 ; 1880, 790. Sheep, 1869. 
 493; 1875, 851; 1880, 1816. Hogs, 1869, 184; 
 1875, 255; 1880. 646. Bushels of wheat, 1869. 
 49.124; 1875, 43,425 ; 1880, Acreage. 5.698. 
 
 CIVIL HISTORY. 
 
 The annual Town meetings were held at the 
 school house, near Kichlield Mills, until 1874. 
 A. Keith was moderator at the first meeting iield 
 May 11th, "58. with Alonzo Sawtelle. Clerk. In the 
 first call for a meeting tlie name of ■•Richland" did 
 not seem to please the people, and the first vote 
 taken was for the new name of Richfield. The 
 Post Office had been called Harmony until Rich- 
 field was adopted. The Supervisors elected were 
 Joel Brewster Chairman, Richard Strout. and 
 Jesse Richardson ; Town Clerk. Alonzo Sawtelle ; 
 Assessor, George Odell : f)verseer of the Poor. 
 James A. Dunsmoor; Justices, R. L. Rar- 
 tholomew. Geo. W. Irwin ; Constables, Geo. "W. 
 
 Townsend and Wm. R. Moffatt ; Collector, Geo. 
 W. Townsend ; Overseer of Roads. A. Keith. The 
 first Supervisors meeting was held June 3, 1858, 
 and the town divided into road districts. June 
 14th, 1858, 8400 was voted for town expenses. 
 September 30th, 1858, Wm. Finch elected county 
 Supervisor. April 5th, 1859. voted 8100 for 
 town expenses. Supervisors elected, Geo. Odell, 
 C. I. W. Maynard, W. W. Woodward. April 3, 
 1860, voted $400 for town expenses and author- 
 ized the building of Pounds. Supervisors, Geo . 
 Odell, G. W. Irwin. J. N. Richardson. 
 
 April 2, 1861, voted §150 for town expenses 
 and 8600 for schools. Supervisors, Geo. Odell, 
 R. R. Bryant, T. AV. Peirce. W. W. Woodward 
 appointed Superintendent of Scliools. 
 
 April 1, 1862, levied l", mills perdollarfor town 
 expenses. Supervisors, Geo. Odell. VC . W. ^Vood- 
 ward, R. Robinson. 
 
 April 7, 1863, levied 2i mills per dollar for 
 town expenses. Supervisors, W. W. Woodward, 
 A. H. Baston, G. AV. Brown. 
 January 30th, 1864, call for a special meeting, 
 which was held February loth, and by a vote of 
 64 to 59 raised $8000 to pay soldiers' bounties 
 and that each one should receive 8150, but at 
 a special meeting Jilarch 23, the amount was 
 reduced to 8125. 
 
 April 5th. 1864. levied Umills for town expenses, 
 and 16 mills to pay interest on bounty bonds, and 
 raised the per diem of town officers from 81,00 
 to 81,50. Supervisors, A. II. Baston. G. W. 
 Townsend, W. G. Moffatt. 
 
 August 9th, measures were taken to respond to 
 the President's call for 500,000 men. 
 
 January 2Sth, 1865, it was voted to take no 
 action in response to the Presidents' call for 300- 
 000 men. 
 
 February 8th. voted to raise, not to exceed 
 88,000. for soldier's binuities. and authorized the 
 Supervisors to issue town bonds for that purpose. 
 
 April 4, 1865. levied one mill per dollar for 
 town expenses and three cents per dollar to apply 
 on town bonds. Supervisors. A. II. Baston, G. W. 
 Townsend, E. Groesbeck. 
 
 April 3, 1866, levied one mill per dollar for 
 town expenses, and three cents for Bounty bonds, 
 and to remit county tax of all soldiers who did 
 not receive a local bounty. Supervisors, G. W. 
 Townsend, E. J. Woodward, E. Groesbeck.
 
 214 
 
 HISTOBY OF HEXNEPiy COVyTY. 
 
 April 2, 1867, raised the salary of town officers 
 50 per cent above the sum fixed Viy statute, for as- 
 certaining the names of all the soldiei-s credited to 
 the town who had not received bounties and to pay 
 them SlOO each, and to pay a like sum to Wm. 
 tiarvey. W. Wilson, E. F. Hall. Kieliard Xeill 
 and John Dague, they having enlisted prior to 
 any provision for bounties. One mill per dollar 
 levied for town and road ex|)enses. Supervisors 
 
 D. "\V. Albaugh. J. A. Bull. J. X. Richardson. 
 July 11. S2.00() town bonds were issued to jiay 
 
 for damages on bridges, and make other repairs 
 occasioned by a lieavy freshet. 
 
 April 7. 1868. IJ per cent was levied for town 
 and road expenses. Supervisore. J. N. Richard- 
 son. J. A. Bull. R. Townsend. 
 
 April 6. 1869. levied 3 mills per dollar for town 
 expenses : voted that Frank M. Thornton, an ex- 
 soldier, be paid SIOO. he having received no local 
 bounty. Supervisoi-s. J. A. Bull. Aaron Hoover, 
 Horace Wilson. 
 
 April 5, 1870. three mills per dollar was levied 
 for town expenses. Supervisoi-s. C. H. Clark. 
 Aaron Hoover, E. F. Irwin. 
 
 March U. 1871. elected C. H. Clark. E. F. 
 Irwiu and Aaron Hoover. Supervisors. Xo 
 tax for town expenses. 
 
 ilarch 12. 1872, le\ied 3 mills per dollar for 
 town e.xpenses. A majority vote against grant- 
 ing a liquor license. Supervisors. C. II. Clark. 
 
 E. F. Irwiu. B. P. Schuler. 
 
 March 11. 1873. voted o mills per dollar for 
 town and road expenses. Supervisors. E. F. 
 Irwin. J. H. Bull. Michael Gleeson. 
 
 March 10. 1874. This, and all other meetings 
 were held in Richardson's Hall, luitil 1880. 
 Supervisors. C. H. Clark. Michael Gleeson. James 
 L. Garvey. Levied four mills for town and road 
 expenses. It not being enough, a special meeting 
 was called September 1st. and S72o raised for 
 town and road fund. 
 
 March H. 187-5. Supervisoi-s. C. II. Clark. Jas. 
 L. (iarvey. Voted to grant license. 63 to o2. 
 Raised S2.000 for all town expenses. The statute 
 of limitation being two mills on the assessed 
 valuation, the amount raised ilid not reach that 
 
 sum. 
 
 March 14. 1876. raised the per diem of town 
 officei-s to two dollai-s. Sixty votes cast against 
 
 liq\ior lii-ense with none for it. Supervisoi-s. 
 
 B. F. Hanscom. Stephen L. "Witbeck, John Craik. 
 At a special meeting 59 votes were cast for, and 
 18 against paying the State R. R. Bonds by selling 
 the internal improvement lands. 
 
 March 12. 1878. levied one mill per dollar for 
 the erection of a Town Hall. Supervisors, Wm. 
 Finch, Thos. Richardson, Chas. Hohag. 
 
 March 11. 1879, levied 2.} mills for building 
 Town Hall, care of poor and town expenses. 
 Supervisors. E. F. Irwin. James Garvey, Chas. 
 A. Hohag. The Town Hall was completed this 
 year. 
 
 March 9, 1880. levied 2| mills for all town ex- 
 penses. Supervisors, E. F. Irwin. Jas. L. Gar- 
 vey, Chas. A. Hohag. 
 
 SCHOOLS. 
 
 The first school in the town was taught, during 
 the winter of 1854-5, by Miss Mary Townsend. 
 in a log school house. It was built near Wood 
 Lake, by five men. R. L. Bartholomew. C. 
 Gregory. George Gilmore. C. Couillard and 
 William Finch. Miss Townsend afterwards mar- 
 ried Mr. Getchell. and resides in Los Angeles. 
 California. Miss Craik. now Mrs. Frank Hans- 
 comb, of Minneapolis, taught, in the summer of 
 1855. in a school house near Richfield Mills. This 
 school house became a residence, and is now oc- 
 cupied by Mr. Schafner. 
 
 There are now six full and one joint districts 
 in town, with seven school houses. District Xo. 
 11. house built in 1859. on section 28: District 
 X'o. 17. house moved on section 18. 1871 : District 
 Xo. 16, house built on section 8 in 1872 ; District 
 X'o. 6. house built in 1875 : District Xo. 8. house 
 built on section 14 in 1872: District Xo. 109, 
 house built in section 25, in 1875. District Xo. 
 88 is a joint district, lying in Richfield and Bloom- 
 ington townships : house built on section 35. in 
 1860. 
 
 CHURCHES. 
 
 The town has four church organizations : ileth- 
 odist Episcopal. Baptist. Episcopal and Catholic. 
 
 The Methodist denomination began its existence 
 under the guidance of Rev. Mills, who held the 
 first services in a granary, owned by Henry 
 Townsend. Services were next held in the school 
 house near Wood Lake, about a quarter of a mile 
 south of where the Baptist church now stands. 
 It was called •• Harmony Mission" until 1864,
 
 BIGHFIELD—CHimCHES-MIhLING. 
 
 215 
 
 when it was included in the " ^Minneapolis Cir- 
 cuit." In the fall of LS60, a change was made, 
 and a new circuit formed, consisting of appoint- 
 ments at Excelsior, Eden Prairie, Chanhassen, 
 and Harmony, or Wood Lake, as it was some- 
 times called. In 1869. the neat W'ooden church 
 was built on section 22. A parsonage and ceme- 
 tery were also located on tlie church grounds. 
 
 The cemetery is neatl\' kept and beautifully or- 
 namented with evergreen and forest trees. The 
 followuig clergymen have succeeded each other 
 in the charge : Revs. Mills. .lohn Hooper, Elliott, 
 George Galpin. Levi Gleason, .J. D. Rich. U. W. 
 Berlin, John Stafford, C. T. Garvin. ^V. D. Ben- 
 nett. J. H. Macomber, Farber, F. II. Tubbs. 
 
 Henry Brooks, and J. M. Marsh. 
 
 THE FIRST BAPTIST cnL'UCH 
 
 of Riclitield was organized by Rev. Amory Gale, 
 and began its existence by meetings in tlie school- 
 house near Richfield Mills, where Mr. Schafner 
 now lives. The ehurcli, cajiable of seating two 
 hundred people, was built in 1869. Rev. J. R. 
 Mauton has been pastor since. He was born in 
 Providence, Rhode Island, September 2sth, 1821, 
 graduated at Brown University, in his native city, 
 in 18-18. and tirst engaged in the ministry at Glou- 
 cester, Mass. Three years after he removed to 
 Tennessee, and labored there until 1857. He 
 then returned north and had charge of a church 
 at Quincy, Illinois, until 1860, when he came to 
 Minneapolis and was pastor of the " First 
 Baptist Church" of that city until 1864. He 
 then went to St. Joseph, Missouri, ami remained 
 until 1868, when he retin'iied to Minnesota on 
 account of ill health, and has since been pastor 
 of the church in Richtield. He owns a small 
 farm and has a very pleasant home on tlie banks 
 of Wood Lake. 
 
 EPISCOPAL— TRINITY CHAPEL. 
 
 In March, 1869, Rev. Knickerbacker began 
 holding services, assisted by S. B. Cowdrey as lay 
 reader, in the school-house of district 17. As a 
 result of those services, a churdi building was 
 commenced May 20th. 1872. on an acre lot 
 donated by James A. Bull. The opening ser- 
 vices were held August 11th. 1872, by Rev. 
 McMasters and Rev. Knickerbacker. The 
 church was dedicated as Trinity Chapel by 
 Bishop Whipple, September 12th, same year. 
 
 The congregation numbered about twenty-five 
 families — the Sabbath-school forty-two chil- 
 dren. The latter has been held regularly from 
 1869. The Brotherhood of Gethsemane had 
 charge of the church until 1877, since which 
 time Rev. Cliarles Rollit has been in charge. 
 Services are now held once eacli moutli. 
 
 CATHOLIC— ST. valentine's CHURCH. 
 
 This is a Catholic Mission Cliurcli and is located 
 on the soutli line of the town on section 34. It is 
 imder the auspices of St. Joseph's Church, O. 
 S. B. of Minneapolis and is visited twice a month 
 by Father Salzeder or Ids assistant. The church 
 was built in 1874. and is about 28x70 feet. 
 
 MINNEHAHA CiRANGE. NO. 398. 
 
 This society was organized in 1874, by Deputy 
 Chowen of Minnetonka. There were twenty-four 
 charter members. The tirst Master was J. A. Bull 
 and the first Secretary. Joseph Hamilton who is 
 now master. The regular meetings are held once 
 a month during summer and once in two weeks in 
 the winter. A fine hall was erected in the win- 
 ter of 1879 and '80, near the Waterville :Mills. 
 It is 26x50 feet, with fourteen feet ceiling, and is 
 used for meetings of tlie Grange, lyceums, 
 festivals, parties and for instructive and enter- 
 taining occasions. 
 
 MILLING. 
 
 The only manufacturing establislmients are the 
 Flouring Mills. Tliese are the '■Richfield Mills" 
 and the "Edina Mills." The former w'as built 
 in 1854, by Pliilander Prescott, Judge Mofifatt 
 and Eli Pettijohn. The whole property soon 
 came into the possession of Mr. Prescott. and he 
 remained sole owner until his tragic death in 
 1862. It is situated on Minnehaha Creek, at the 
 crossing of tlie Bloom iiigton road. The property 
 has passed through the hands of various owners 
 to the present proprietors, Pratt & Baird. The 
 mill is now operated by "W. J. Baird & Co. It is 
 a turbine wheel mill with four runs of stone and 
 a capacity of twenty barrels in ten hours. 
 
 EDIN.V MILLS. 
 
 This is commonly called the "Waterville Mill," 
 and is situated on section eighteen. It was built 
 in 1857. The present owners, Andrew and 
 John Craik took the property about 1869, 
 and added two runs of stone and other
 
 216 
 
 HISTORY OF HEXNEPiy COUXTY. 
 
 improvements. The company manufacture oat 
 meal and pearl barley. They are at pres- 
 ent the only manufacturers of these articles in 
 the county. These Mills are both located on 
 Minnehaha Creek and derive their power from 
 that stream. The Creek at the Edma Mills has 
 a fall of tifteen feet, affording a valuable power. 
 This mill has three turbine wheels, two of thirty 
 inches in diameter, and one of thirty-six inches 
 furnishing- a fifty horse power. 
 
 SHOPS. 
 
 Thomas Page has a blacksmitli shop on section 
 twenty-two. William Ewing has a carriage and 
 blacksmith shop combined, near the Edina Mills. 
 
 STOKES. 
 
 John S. Mann opened the tirst store in the 
 town. This was a small concern located near 
 Prescotfs Mill, opened at the first settlement of 
 the town. Mr. Maun, however, failed in business. 
 and Mr. Prescott kept a store for several years. 
 Only one store remains to be named, that on the 
 hill near the mill, kept by J. N'. l^ichardson. 
 Irv'in Dimsmoor opened it in 1859. He was suc- 
 ceeded by Dimsmoor Bros., and they, by Mr. 
 Eichardson. in 1S72. This is a well-stocked 
 eomitry store. 
 
 HOTKLS. 
 
 Miunehalia Hotel is a popular summer resort 
 at Minnehaha Falls, kept by J. £. Booth. The 
 house is quite large and the rooms well furnished. 
 It accommodates fifty guests comfortably. The 
 bams, sheds and out-buildings are ample. It is 
 at present under good management. It is a part 
 of the estate of the late Franklin Steele, obtained 
 by him under his purchase of the Military Reser- 
 vation, in 1S57. 
 
 The house was begiui in 1873. by Mr. Shaw. 
 '\\Tien he abandoned it. Mr. Steele carried out 
 the plan and completed the work. The pretty 
 new Minnehaha depot on the Milwaukee and St. 
 Paul Railroad is located just opposite the hotel, to 
 accommodate its guests and visitors to the falls. 
 
 Minnehaha Spring Hotel. This house is about 
 eighty rods lielow the dei)ot. Its noticeable fea- 
 tures are a fine dancing hall and large stables. 
 Isidore Henry is the proprietor. 
 
 The Town Hall was l)uilt in 1879. It is about 
 eighty rods north of the Baptist Church. The 
 
 building cost SloOO. It is 32x4-5 feet on the 
 groimd. In frout of the audience room is an 
 entrance hall and cloak room, -with a large and 
 convenient gallery. In the rear are two rooms 
 sixteen feet square, used for public busmess. 
 
 Pleasure Garden and Green House. J. E. Booth, 
 who has lieen previously mentioned as proprietor 
 of the Minnehaha House, has established a green- 
 house near the hotel. He bought and inclosed 
 three acres of land here in 1877. He has since 
 laid it out tastefully with walks, arbors, etc.. etc. 
 Flowers and plants fringe the walks on every 
 side. It is called the best landscape garden in the 
 State. .V drive-way. starting from the main en- 
 trance, follows around near the sides in a circu- 
 lar form. The plat inclosed by the road-way is 
 cultivated with beautiful flowers and foUage 
 plants in beds, with serpentine walks. In this 
 inclosure is a hu'ge arbor with seats and a booth, 
 where refreshments maybe obtained. The space 
 outside the drive is also laid out with handsome 
 plants. Opposite the entrance and outside the 
 inclosure are the private residence and green- 
 house. 
 
 Xursery. In the north middle of the town, on 
 section sixteen. Mr. A. Stewart has a nursery, 
 principally devoted to tree-culture. 
 
 nioOHAPHICAL. 
 
 George W. Baird. is a native of Pennsylvania, 
 born April 16th. 1835. In 1857 lie removed to 
 Minnesota and purchased the farm of 120 acres 
 which he now occupies, located on section 18. 
 lu the spring of 1860 he imported the first Spanish 
 Merino sheep brought into the State. He sold 
 the first fleece of tine wool in Mimieapolis receiv- 
 ing 95 cents per pound for the same. He is at 
 present giving his whole attention to tine Cots- 
 wold and Lincoln grades, and received first prizes 
 at the Minneapolis Exposition of 1880. He was 
 married October 11th. 1865, to Miss Sarah (i. 
 Gates, a native of Vermont. 
 
 John E. Booth was born in Huddersfield. York- 
 shire, England. May 12th. 1832. He reniamed 
 in England, engaged in the manufacture of fancy 
 woolen goods, until 18-54. when he came to the 
 United States and located in Xew .Jersey. He 
 remained in that State about six months and 
 removed io Albany. X. Y. Thence, in March, 
 1855. to Brooklvn. and from there to Toronto.
 
 BICHFIELD— BIOGRAPHICAL. 
 
 21'i 
 
 Canada. lu 1856 he removed to Bonton, thence 
 to Pliiladelphia where he was married to Mary 
 Beaumont, who died in the fall of the same year. 
 
 In 1858, his health failing, he returned to 
 England, where he was engaged as tlorist for 
 eleven years. In 1859 he was married to Mary 
 Morrell, and in 1870 he returned to America, and 
 came directly to Minneapolis, engaging as Uorist 
 and gardener for Wyman Elliott. After remain- 
 ing with him eighteen months, he leased the 
 grounds and hot houses for live years and carried 
 on the business for himself. In 1877 he pur- 
 chased three acres of groLuid at Minnehaha, 
 which he laid out and impnned as a landscape 
 garden. This garden is valued at $10,000. In 
 1880 he leased the Minnehaha hotel and grounds, 
 and is now conducting the same. The children 
 are, Herbert M.. Annie J.. Frederic E.. and 
 Arthur C. 
 
 James A. Bull, was born in -Jellersnu county. 
 New York. February. 1834. He remained there 
 with his parents, until 1859 when he came to Min- 
 nesota, and settled on the farm he now occupies. 
 He owns 158 acres of fertile land and has im- 
 proved it, until it now ranks among the best 
 farms in this towii. Mr. Bull was married in 
 1856, to Mary E. Comstock. who bore him one 
 child, Mary L. Mrs. Bull died in the winter of 
 1865. He was married again in '67, to Miss Amy 
 L. Cooper ; has four children. James H. Alvah M. 
 Coates P. and Anna B. 
 
 Frederick Bush, was born in Stockliausen, 
 Prussia, December 12th. 18-19. He remained in 
 his native country until 18(39 when he emigrated 
 to America. He came to Minnesota, and settled 
 in Bichfleld. Hennepin county, December, 1869, 
 owns 15 acres on section 15, Townslnp2S, Kange 
 24, where he has a jileasant home. 
 
 John Carey, is the owner of 93!| acres of 
 land on sections 8 and 9, Richfield Township. 45 
 acres being under cultivation. He was born in 
 Tipperary, Ireland, June 14, 1826, and remained 
 there until nearly 20 years of age, when he came 
 to America. Ilesided in Xew Jersey one \ear. 
 thence removing to Maryland, where he remained 
 until 1855,when he came to Minnesota and pur- 
 chased the farm he has since occui)ied. Was 
 married to Ann Regan, a native of Ireland, in 
 1854. Tliey have had twelve children, ten now 
 
 living. Lizzie. .James, Mary, Maggie, John, 
 Xora, Jeremiah, William, Patrick, Agnes. 
 
 C. C. Chase was born iji Ilaverlull, Mass., May 
 16tli, 1844. Resided in his native State until 
 1874, when he came to Hennepin county, pur- 
 ceased twenty acres of land on section 15, town 
 of Richfield, where he conducts a market garden. 
 Mr. Chase is a practical gardener, and has been 
 quite successful in the business. 
 
 George Code owns 200 acres of land, of which 
 fifty acres are cultivated, the balance meadow 
 and woodland. He was born in Carlow county, 
 Ireland, October 29th, 1824. Was engaged in 
 farming in his native country until 1849, when 
 he emigrated to Canada, locating at Ottawa, 
 where he engaged in farming and lumbering for 
 seven years. In 1856 he came to the United 
 States, coming directly to Minneapolis, where he 
 resided until 1863. when he purchased the land 
 he now owns in Richfield, and has since been en- 
 gaged in farming. Was married October 27th, 
 1859, to Grace Watt, a native of Ontario, Canada. 
 She was born May 15th, 1836. They are the par- 
 ents of six children: Robert F.. George A.. Mary. 
 AV'iliiam. Elizaljeth, and Joseph W. 
 
 Mary Copley is the owner of eighty-t\\ o acres 
 of land, forty acres under cultivation. AVas born 
 in Ireland, March 21st. 1837. Remained in her 
 native country until 1860, when she came to Xew 
 York City, and thence to Boston, where she re- 
 mained three years. In 1H63, removed to St. Paul, 
 where she resided uidil 1868, when she married 
 Mr. Copley, and has since resided on the farm she 
 now occupies. 
 
 Cornelius Couillard. one of the old settlers of 
 Richfield, was born at Frankfort. Maine, October 
 31st, 1813. At the age of seventeen, learned the 
 trade of tamier and currier, following it eight 
 years ; then worked in a ship yard. In April. 1854. 
 came to St. Anthony, and engaged in carpenter 
 work, and on the old suspension bridge. In 
 August, 1854. he made a claim of 160 acres, in 
 Richfield ; 1855, removed with his family, and 
 has since resided there. The whole quarter sec- 
 tion has been brought under cultivation. He was 
 Married. Sept. 11th. 1834. to Xancy J. Couillard, 
 of Maine, who died October 6th, 1875. They had 
 nine children : Ellen M., EUery A.. Amanda M. 
 died August, 1839 ; ^Vimie A., died August 17th,
 
 218 
 
 HISTORY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 1877 ; Malonah. died Maicli. 1S49 : Adelhert H.. 
 Emma I).. Charles A.. Fred. L. 
 
 George AV. Cummiugs. a native of Maine, was 
 born April Mtli. 18-53. Engaged in farming nntil 
 18(;7. when he came with his jiarents to Bloom- 
 ington. Hennepin eonnty. At the age of twenty- 
 one, he embarked in dairy bnsiness. In 1878 he 
 bought the land he now occupies. His dairy 
 business has been (juite successful. Was married 
 to Miss Alice tiilchrist. Dec. 2.5th. 187-5. They 
 have three children: Arthur A.. George H.. and 
 Ruth W. 
 
 William J. Duggan is tiie owner of -io acres 
 of land. 1311 is plow laud, the balance woodland 
 and pasture. He was born in Tipperary , Ireland. 
 hi 1838; came to America, with his parents, in 
 1847. residing in Illinois until 1853. wlien he came 
 to nennejiin county, and has since resided on the 
 farm he now occupies. This farm was pre-empt- 
 ed by his father in 1853. In ]8tji; he was one of 
 Capt. Xorthup's company who went to the relief 
 of Fort Ridgely. Was married January 21st. 
 1871. to Cordelia Kyte. by whom he has four chil- 
 dren; Mary. Katie. Maggie. John. 
 
 William M. E wing was born in Canada in hsUi. 
 Learned the trade of wagon maker, and served 
 the government during the rebellion in Canada. 
 In 1848. removed to Xew York : remained one 
 year ; thence to Michigan. In 18-51 he came to 
 Minnesota, assisted in tlie survey of Maple (irove 
 township, and in naming it. In 1.S57 he removed 
 to Osseo. and was tlie first secretary of the 
 corporation. In 1M)2 he removed to a farm 
 in the town of IJrooklyn. and resided there 
 eight years. He enlisted in Company C of the 
 Mounted Rangers, serving as clerk in the Quar- 
 termaster's department, until the <'onipany was 
 disbanded. Was married in 1840. to Myra Rogers ; 
 by her he had five children, two of whom are now 
 living. He has been married three times : lias 
 four children living. Cliarles Arkland. .Vlice 
 Myra, Francis Cordelia and Mary Adelma. 
 
 Patrick Fogarty was born in Ireland in ls40; 
 came to this country in ls.57. and settled in Rich- 
 field township. He was four years in the employ 
 of the government, driving team. In 18t)2 was 
 with General Sibh-y on his Indian E.xpedition. 
 Purchased the farm on which he" has 'since re- 
 sided, in 1865. He now has thirty acres under 
 cultivation. Was married in Januarv. 18(39. to 
 
 Bridget Carrol, liy whom he has had seven chil- 
 dren. Mary. Maggie. Ellen. Bridget. Willie. An- 
 nie and Denis. 
 
 George. Fortwingler. a native of Germany, was 
 horn November 23d. 1823. He came to- this coun- 
 try in 1854. resided in Ohio one year, and in 18-55 
 removed to St. Paul where he remained till 186(i, 
 when he removed to Bloomington, Hennepin 
 coiuity. Kept a hotel at Xine-Mile Creek for two 
 years, then purchased the farm he now resides on. 
 '\\'as married in 1855. to Miss A. Reisslei a native 
 of Germany, by her he had four children, (ieorge 
 and Caroline, twins. Julius and Julien. twins. 
 His wife died and he again married; his second 
 wife was Miss A. Ren/., by whom he has three 
 children. Amelia. Mary. Oiillia. 
 
 John F. Gilmore was born in Ohio. Decem- 
 ber 2nd. isiii. AVhile young he accompanied 
 his parents to Illinois and resided in that 
 state, occupied in teaching school until 1839, 
 when he went to Mississippi and engaged in the 
 same vocation. In 1845 he removed to Xewport. 
 Kentucky, where he was engaged in the nursery 
 Inisiness for six years. In 1871 he came to Min- 
 nesota, residing at Faribault two years, engaged 
 in the nursery business. He came to Hennepin 
 ctuinty in 1873 and has since resided in Richfield. 
 Was married Dec. 3.1. 1,S72. to Miss Belle Mc- 
 Clure. Their children are .Molly and William. 
 
 Herman J. Gjertseu is a native of Norway, 
 born Octolier 29th. I.s2ii. He followed farming 
 and lishing in his nati\e country until 18B8 when 
 he emigrated to America, settling in Isanti coun- 
 ty. Minnesota. Came to Richfield in 1S70 and 
 in 1878 he bought 81 acres where he now resides. 
 Married Alberlina Olson of Norway in 1851. 
 Family record is— Xels P.. John C. Die J., 
 Henry J.. Louis C. Assoria M.. Eunice T., So- 
 phia J., George II. Three children have died. 
 
 Michael Gleeson was born in Ireland in 1810. 
 and came to this country in 184t). Landed in 
 Xew York and went to Massachusetts where he 
 resiiled until l.s-55. when he came west and set- 
 tled in Hennei)iii county. He made a claim of 
 Hid acres, which he has since increased by pur- 
 chase to 273 acres. He was married in ls52 to 
 Mary Bolden. of Ireland. They have had nine 
 children. Michael. James and John, twins, 
 Thomas, Mary Ann. Daniel. Bridget. Cornelius, 
 William.
 
 RICHFIELD— BIOGBAPHICAL. 
 
 219 
 
 Charles Haeg was born in Germany, July 13, 
 1819. lie learned the trade of ealiinet maker, 
 served three years in the German army, and in 
 1844, emigrated to the United States. Enlisted 
 at Milwaukee, Wis., in September. 1845. Mr. 
 Ilaeg enjoys the distinction of being a veteran of 
 the Mexican war, serving under General Scott 
 during the continuance of the war. In 1848 he 
 was stationed at Fort Snelling, and, after a stay 
 of six montlis was removed to Fort Uidgely. In 
 1851 he received his discharge, and in September 
 of that year made a claim al)out live miles north 
 of St. Anthony, living there until 18.53. when he 
 came to Richfield. In ISH.") ln^ purchased the 
 farm on which he has since resided. Was mar- 
 ried in 18.50. to Mary Walter, who died in 1800. 
 leaving five children. Married lor his second 
 wife Albertina L. Adleman, by whom he has 
 seven children all living. 
 
 Andrew N. Hall was licun in Maine November 
 1st, 1835. Remained with his jiarents until 1S55 
 when he come west and located at Minneapolis, 
 residing there until 1802. when he retvu-ned to 
 Maine and enlisted in Comjiany 15, of the 28th 
 regiment Maine Infantry, serving one year. In 
 1866 he returned to Minneapolis, and jiurchased 
 a farm of 72 acres in the town of Hichlield. Re- 
 sided in the city until 1872. since which time he 
 has lived on his farm. ^Vas married in 1875, to 
 Eliza Caley. Their children are Alliion and Wil- 
 liam. 
 
 James Hawkes (deceased) \\as lioru in Vork- 
 shire, England, May 0th. 182(t. In ls44 lie came 
 to America. In 1854 he came to Minnesota and 
 pre-empted a farm of 120 acres in Uiclilield, where 
 he resided until his deatli. Mr. Ilawkes formed 
 one of the Coniiiany who in "02 marched to the re- 
 lief of Fort Ridgely under ('apt. Northup. In 1803 
 he enlisted in the First Minnesota Infantry, and 
 served in the First Battalion until discharged in 
 1805. He was with his company in several of 
 most severe engagements of the war, and was 
 wounded June 1804. for which he received a pen- 
 sion. He was married in 183!) to Mary Ann 
 Iloldsworths. The family record is Harriet, 
 Henry Thomas, David II., John W.. Emma J. 
 Alfred, Charles Lincoln. Five cliildren have 
 died. Mr. Hawkes came to his death in Minne- 
 apolis Sept. 29th, 1880, liy a fall from his wagon. 
 
 He was one of the pioneers of Richfield, and was 
 respected by all who knew him. 
 
 Jesse Haywood is a native of England, born 
 May 10th. 1840. Remained in England, engaged 
 in the Manufacture of woolen Goods until 1872, 
 when he came to America, landed at Quebec, 
 thence by lake to Diduth, going from there to 
 Clay county, Minnesota, where he purchased a 
 half section of land. In 1874 he came to Henne- 
 pin county, and has since been engaged as florist 
 with Mr. Booth, at Minnehaha. 
 
 Franz J. Ileiss was born in (Germany. October 
 19th, 1885, and there learned the trade of carpen- 
 ter. Emigrated to this country in 1855, and to 
 Minnesota in 1859, locating on a farm in Brown 
 county. In 1801 he enlisted in the Sixth Minne- 
 sota, and served until the discharge of the regi- 
 ment, in 1805. He purchased eighty acres of 
 land in Richlield. in 1875. and has since resided 
 there, in the pursuit of farming. In 1871 he was 
 married to Salomey Souder, a native of Germany. 
 Their children are Frank D,, Amelia, Charlie. 
 Katie, and Willheim. Frank 1). died in 1875. - 
 
 Charles Iloag, one of RichfieUrs representative 
 men, and a pioneer of Hennepin county, was born 
 June 29, 1808. in New Hampshire. After re- 
 ceiving such education as the common schools of 
 his native to\\ii afforded, he attended the Wolf- 
 boro Academy and Friends" Boarding School, at 
 Providence. R. I. At the age of sixteen he be- 
 gan teaching, and followed tliat profession for 
 twenty-seven years, thirteen of which lie was en- 
 gaged as Principal of a (irammar School in Phil- 
 adelphia. In 1852 he came to Minnesota ; taught 
 school in St. Anthony two terms. In May, 1852, 
 he made a claim of 100 acres of land, in what is 
 now the city of Minneaiiolis ; was a member of 
 the first town council, and to him is due the 
 honor of giving to the city its beautiful and ap- 
 propriate name. Miinieapolis. He was the second 
 treasui-er of Hennepin coimly, and lias held many 
 positions of public trust. Is an ardent Odd Fel- 
 low, and served one term as Grand ilaster of the 
 jSIinnesota Grand Lodge. He claims to be the 
 oldest Odd Fellow in the state. Has also occu- 
 pied the position of President of the Agricultural 
 and Horticultural Societies. In 1857 he pur- 
 cliased the farm he now occupies, which is known 
 as the •' Diamond Lake Farm," and removed to 
 it in 1865. Mr. lloag was County Superintend-
 
 220 
 
 HISTOBT OF HENNEPIX COUXTY. 
 
 ent of Schools from 1870 to 1874. Has one daugh- 
 ter by his first wife, married to Charles H. Clark, 
 who is in the revenue service. Mr. Hoag's tii-st 
 wife died in 1871. and in March. 1873. he w:as 
 married to Susan F. Jewett. of Solon. Maine. 
 
 Laura Holman was born in the State of ^'er- 
 mont in 1817. In 18oo she came to Minnesota. 
 In 184S she was married to X. Buttertield who 
 was drowned in Lake ^linnetonka in 1^-59. She 
 settled witli her husband in Minnetonka in 18.5-5 
 and remained there until ISKl when she removed 
 to the farm in Kichtield where slie lias since re- 
 sided. In IHbO. was married to L. Hohnan. He 
 was killed in 1871. being run over by a heavy 
 load of wood. Mrs. Ilolman has one son by her 
 first husband. Frank J. Buttertield. 
 
 Orrin Hulibard was born in the Stale of Xew 
 York. April 5th. 1835. In 18.54. moved to Janes- 
 ville. "Wisconsin, where he remained for eleven 
 years, eight of wliicli he passed in the employ of 
 the American Express Company. Enlisted in 
 lS()2in the 12th Wisconsin Battery and served 
 until his discharge in 1M)5: participating in many 
 of the hardest fought battles of the Rebellion. 
 In 1865 he accepted a position as conductor for 
 the C. M. & St. P. Ry. Co.. and has since been en- 
 gaged in that vocation. In 1877 he bought a 
 farm in the town of Richfield and has improved 
 it until it is now one of tlie finest farms in this 
 part of tlie county. He was married in January. 
 186G. to Harriet E. Beaumont. Tliey liave liad 
 four children. Mary (".. Nellie B.. Sarah 1?.. de- 
 ceased, llattie. died February. I.s77. He resides 
 in Minneapolis at SHK Sixtli Avenue South. 
 
 E. F. Irwin is a native of Xew York. l)oni in 
 Erie county February 2d. 1.S40. In ls.55he came 
 witli liis parents to Minnesota, settling in the 
 town of Richfield. Was occupied in various pur- 
 suits until 18t)2 when he joined the company 
 commanded by Captain Xortliup for the relief 
 of Fort Ridgely. In 18H5 he bought the farm be 
 lias since occupied, and has improved it until it 
 ranks among tlie finest farms of the town. A\'as 
 married October 1st. 18H7. at Iowa City. Iowa. 
 to Martha J. Bortland. They have one son. John 
 Bortland. born February 16th. 1874. 
 
 Leopold Kiesel was born in Baden. (Termany. 
 December 12th. I(s25. He came to the United 
 States in 18-52. and to Minnesota in 1856. Enter- 
 ed a claim near Chaska. and after living there 
 
 ! three years removed to Bloommgton. In 1864 
 he bought a part of the farm he now occupies in 
 Richfield. Xow owns 220 acres, 1-50 acres being 
 cultivated. Was married in 1856 to Madeline 
 Leppet. who has borne him five children. 
 Edward E. King was born at Peabody. Mass.. 
 ; August. 1st. 1836. Came to Minnesota in 1857 
 and purchased the farm be now occupies. At 
 the time he came to Richfield there was but little 
 improvement and few settlers. He has since built 
 a substantial barn and fine dwelling bouse at a 
 cost of S5.()0U. Married in Nov. 1863.. Annie N. 
 Couillard. who died August 17tli. 1877. His 
 second wife was Miss Katie R. Woodman who 
 was Itorn Decemlier 22d. 1857. 
 
 .John Kyte is the owner of 316 acres of land. 75 
 acres under cultivation. He was bom in Ireland 
 in 1817 and came to this country in 1845. After 
 residing in various places in the Eastern States, 
 he came to Minneapolis in 1855. Pre-empted a 
 quarter section of land, bought as much more, 
 and has since been engaged in farming. Has 
 five children, all of wlK>m are married. 
 Jlichael Maloney was born in the County of 
 I Galway, Ireland. November 20th. 1845; came to 
 , New York in 1852. and two years later removed 
 to Wisconsin, where he resided for fifteen years. 
 August. 1862. enlisted in a Wisconsin regiment, 
 and served three years under Generals Sherman 
 and McPherson. He was discliarged August. 
 1865. and four years later removed to Minnesota, 
 and has since resided in Richfield, where he owns 
 160 acres of land. He was married November, 
 1877. to Albertina Erickson. They have one 
 daughter, burn December 31st. 1^7^. 
 
 Merrimau McCabe was born in the slate of 
 New York. December 12th. Is43: came with his 
 . parents to Minnesota in 1853. and has since resided 
 '. in the town of Richfield. In 1862 be was with 
 Captain Norlhup on the Fort Ridgely expedition. 
 John McCabe. his father, was born in Ireland in 
 1808 : came to America, and resideil in the state 
 of New York until 18.53. when lie came west 
 and ))re-enipted a farm in Kiclifielil. where he re- 
 mained initil his dealli. which occurred in May. 
 1878 ; he was married to Harriet Toles. who bore 
 him six children. Mercy. Merriinan. Emily. Mary. 
 Amelia and Elnoria. 
 
 George Millam was born in Scotland August, 
 1849. He came to this countrv in 18-59 and ten
 
 RICHFIELD— BIOGRAPHICAL. 
 
 221 
 
 years later to Hennepin county. He has, since 
 coming to Riclitield been engaged as miller in 
 the Edina Mills. In 1872 was married to Miss 
 Margaret Jibb, a native of Scotland. Following 
 is the family record: Charles A., born August, 
 1873; Lily F., born April, 1875, died at the age 
 of three years; Annabella. born May, 1877: and. 
 Rosella, born April, 1879. 
 
 Howard C. Odell was born at Monticello, Indi- 
 ana, October 17th, 1853, and came with his par- 
 ents to Minnesota in the fall of 18o(i and located 
 in the town of Riclitield. He is tlieson of George 
 Odell who has a farm on section 'Si. Howard is 
 employed during the winter in Minneapolis and 
 in the summer season Inrns his attention to 
 farming. Was married October 14th, 188(i, to 
 Miss Fannie Stanchlield, of Tama City, Iowa. 
 
 Thomas Peters was born in England. October 
 7th, 1848. His father being a shoemaker, Thomas 
 engaged in the same business while in England. 
 In 1873 he emigrated to this country, coming di- 
 rectly to St. Paul. Engaged in farming in Pam- 
 sey and Dakota counties imtil 1876, when he 
 came to Minnehaha, and was employed at the 
 hotel two years ; thence to Hudson, Wisconsin, 
 where he was engaged in a hotel for one year ; 
 then returned to Minnelialia, and has since been 
 employed at the hotel. In Oct.. 1871. was married 
 to Kate Weaver. Their residence is near tlie junc- 
 tion of Minnehaha Creek witli llie Mississippi. 
 
 D. N. Place was born in New York city, .lan- 
 uary IStli, 1844. At the age of foin-teen he ship- 
 ped as seaman, and followed tliat vocation for 
 eighteen years : came to Minnesota in 1869, and 
 for three years was engaged in tlie real estate 
 business ; then returned to the pursuit of sailing, 
 and served as mate on a voyage to Japan ; then 
 served four years as Purser and one year as Cap- 
 tain of the schooner Leadei', trading on the Pacific 
 coast ; was married April 15, 1874, to Frances M. 
 Benjamin. They have h'ad two children, one 
 now living, Charles E. L. 
 
 Patrick A. Ryan, a native of Ireland, was born 
 in 18;il, and came to this country in 1847. Re- 
 sided in Pennsylvania and Ohio until 1854 when 
 he came to Minnesota, first settling on a home- 
 stead in the town of Hassan, Hennepin county. 
 In 1868 he sold his farm and removed to Saint 
 Antliony where lie resided until 1874 when he 
 purchased the farm he has since occupied in the 
 
 town of Richfield. Married .luliaQuinn in 1867. 
 
 Edward A. Scales was born in Townsend, 
 Massachusetts, April 13th. 1853. and remained in 
 his native town engaged in coopering until 1874 
 when lie came to Minnesota and engaged in farm- 
 ing at Minnehaha. In 1876 he jmrchased five 
 acres of land and has since given his attention to 
 market gardening. 
 
 Gilbert Sly was born in the State of New York 
 November 4th, 1798, and remained in his native 
 state engaged in farming imtil 1866 when he 
 came west and jmrcliased of .lames Davis the 
 farm he now occupies in the town of Richfield. 
 Was married in 1822, to Sarah Crane a native of 
 Massachusetts. They have had twelve children, 
 five of whom are now living, Mary E.. Fidelia. 
 Elisha, Paulina and W. II. 
 
 J. L. Smilit was liorn in Ilolstein, Denmark, 
 July 28th, 1850. In 1873 he emigrated to this 
 country and came directly to Minnesota, locating 
 on section 14, Richfield, where he lias since been 
 engaged in farming. 
 
 Freeman B. Smith was liorn in ^'ernlont, July 
 15th, 1822. He removed to Champlain, N. Y .. 
 where he resided until 1852. For four years he 
 held the office of postmaster. In 1852 he went 
 to California and was engaged in gold mining 
 for one year. From 1860 till 1867, he was in the 
 revenue service at Virginia City, Nevada. In 
 April, 1878. he came to Minnesota and has since 
 been engaged in conducting the farm of his 
 brother-in-law, Orrin Hubliard, in tlie town of 
 Richfield. In 1846 married to Sarah E. Beau- 
 mont. She was born in New York. Sept. 24, 1824, 
 
 James Stansfield was born in the State of New 
 York, September 3d, 1828. At the age of fifteen 
 he went to sea and follovveil that occupation until 
 1849, when he passed one year as steward on the 
 Hudson River steamboats. In 1850 went to Cal- 
 ifornia, and remained five ye;us. Came to St. 
 Anthony in 1855 and engaged in furnishing 
 supplies to steamboats until 1862. when he en- 
 gaged in the restaurant business, wliicli lie con- 
 tinued in Miiincapiilis until 18.')9. when he 
 engaged in real estate business, and has followed 
 ; the same extensively. In 1872 he purchased the 
 farm in Richfield wliich he has since occupied. 
 In 1856 he married Susan Wagner. They have 
 three children living: Frank H.. Charles L., and 
 Ella B.
 
 222 
 
 RISTOEY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 BLOOMINGTUX 
 
 CHAPTER XXXVII. 
 
 GENERAL DESCRIPTION — FIRST SETTLEMENT- 
 CIVIL HISTORY— CHURCHES— SCHOOLS — MILLS. 
 SHOPS, ETC. — THE FIRST SETTLERS — BIO- 
 GRAPICAL. 
 
 The town of Bloomington occupies the south- 
 eastern part of the county, lying on tlie Minne- 
 sota River, whicli forms its entire eastern and 
 southern boundary. A strip of meadow, varying 
 from twenty rods to a mile in width, skirts the 
 river the whole length of the town. The bluffs 
 are, therefore, back from the river, but here and 
 there stretch out bare, sandy points to the meadow 
 below. Beautiful rolling prairies extend back 
 from the bluffs over the whole township. The 
 bluffs are not usually bare, but are covered with 
 turf and timber, while the bottom lands, at the 
 foot, have in some parts large areas of water. 
 The sand belt passes through the middle of the 
 town, exhibiting its usual characteristics, viz.. 
 less productive soil, and timber of smaller or 
 lighter growth. Heavier timber is found in the 
 northwest. Nine Mile Creek lias high, sandy 
 bluffs covered with brush or timljer. The small 
 lakes on the prairie east of Nine Mile Creek are 
 now very shallow, without outlet, and appear to 
 diminish year by year. They will doubtless 
 wholly disappear. Lakes Eyland and Bush bet- 
 ter deserve to be classed among the beautiful 
 lakes of the town. The only stream of any size 
 within the limits of the town is Nine Mile Creek, 
 which enters the town near the northwest corner, 
 takes a southeasterly direction, and flows into the 
 Minnesota Eiver. 
 
 FIRST SETTLEMENT. 
 
 Peter Quinn was the first white man to settle 
 and cultivate the soil of this town. He was ap- 
 pointed Indian farmer, in accordance with a 
 treaty with the Indians, and began his work, in 
 
 1843. on land now owned and ocruiued by James 
 Davis, on section 14. He remained here until 
 1854. Rev. Gideon H. Pond, the missionary 
 among the Dakotas. moved here in 1843, and he 
 and his Indian liands pitched their tents on the 
 banks of the Minnesota River, where Mrs. Pond 
 now lives. He lived here luitil his death, which 
 occurred in 1878. Martin McLeod settled here in 
 1849, where his son. "Walter S. McLeod, now re- 
 sides, at the mouth of Nine Mile Creek. Joseph 
 Dean came next. He arrived in the winter of 
 1851-2. He had obtained "a charter for a ferry 
 which he proceeded to establish in company with 
 AVilliam Chambers. He built the log house winch 
 still stands near the ferrv. 
 
 ■William Chambers also came in 1851-2 ; made 
 a claim, now the farm of William Chadwick. and 
 joined Mr. Dean in the ferry enterprise. He died 
 here in 1S6S. 
 
 In 1852, the following party came from Illinois 
 and made claims near the river, on the western 
 prairie. S. A. Goodrich. A. L. Goodrich. Orville 
 Ames, Henry and Martin S. Whalon, and Edwin 
 .Vmes Sr. Not one of those men is now living 
 in Bloomington. 
 
 We are indebted to Mrs. Rebecca tioodrich for 
 the following information in regard to these 
 worthy pioneers : S. A. (ioodrich died in Bloom- 
 ington, in 1865. A. L. (Goodrich sold his farm 
 in 1879. and now resides in Minneapolis. Orville 
 Ames and M. Whalon died in the service of their 
 eoimtry, the former in hospital and the latter, it 
 is supposed, in rebel prison. Henry AAlialon 
 moved to Princeton. Minnesota, soon after his 
 settlement, lint returned a few years later and 
 died at Fort Snelling. Edwin Ames died on his 
 claim soon after his arrival, and his widow per- 
 fected the title. Quite a number settled on the 
 prairie east of the creek in 1S53. From this time 
 on the town was rapidly settled. 
 
 The following statistics will show the popula-
 
 BLOOMINGTON— CIVIL HISTORY. 
 
 223 
 
 tion of the town and the nipiility with whifli it 
 has advanced in wealth. 
 
 The population, by census of l.ssu. was 820. 
 The town has 28.l!0o acres of land : the assessed 
 valuation of the same for the year isiifl, was !?103.- 
 693; for the year 187.5, $298,163; and for the 
 year 1880, S460,o38. The assessed valuation of 
 personal property for the year 18(i!i was S41,0t)8; 
 1875, $47,775 ; 1880, $52,320. The total amount 
 of taxes raised in 1869 was ?3,574 ; in 1875, $4,- 
 245; in 1880, $3,718. Numbei- of liorses over 
 two years old, in 1869, 287 ; in ls7.">. 353 ; in 1880, 
 403. Cattle over two years old, in 1869, 581 ; in 
 1875, 752 ; in 1880, 592. Sheep in 1869, 309; in 
 1875.300; in 1880,363. Hogs in 1869.150; in 
 1875, 159; in 1880. 401. Bushels of wheat in 
 1869, 47,884; in 1875, 48.0.55; in 1880. acreage 
 5,109. 
 
 CIVIL HISTOHY. 
 
 The first town meeting was held at the house 
 of 11. B. Gibson, on section 19, May 11th. 18.58, 
 at which E. B. Stanley was Secretary and Elijah 
 Kich, Clerk. Whole number of votes cast was 
 twenty-five, and tlie following officers were elect- 
 ed: Supervisors, Martin McLeod. A. P. Tliomp- 
 son, H. B. (Jil)son. The latter refused toc|ualify. 
 and Allen G. Goodricli was appointf'(l. Town 
 Clerk, Elijah Kich; Assesscn-, Elisha Smith; <'ol- 
 lector and Constable. Orville Ames; Overseer of 
 the Poor, Joseph Kunison; Justices of the Peace. 
 George Cook, E. B. Stanley; Road Overseers, 
 Martin S. Whalon, Thomas T. Ba/.ley, Wm. 
 Cliadwick. Voted $100 for town expenses for 
 the current year. Resolutions were passed regu- 
 lating, the licensing of dogs, hogs running at 
 large, lieight and strength of fences, iVc. The 
 first Supervisors' meeting was held at the house 
 of Elijah Rich, May 23d, 18-58. Chairman absent, 
 and adjourned to the 28th when tlie full board 
 met and transacted its first regular business. 
 
 April, 18.59.' Town meeting at the house of R. 
 B. Gibson, 34 votes cast. Voted $150 for town 
 expenses. Supervisors: Martin McLend. A. P. 
 Thompson, I). ^SlcCullum. 
 
 April 3d, 1860. Town meeting at R. B. Gib- 
 son's. Mrs. Gibson objecting to the racket, 
 adjourned to the school house. Thirty-nine votes 
 cast. Levied $50 for town expenses and $75 to 
 build a bridge across the slough near Bradbury's, 
 and the Supervisors authorized to purchase a 
 
 road-scraper. Supervisors: Samuel Goodrich, 
 A. P. Thompson, W. M. Cliadwick. At tlie gen- 
 eral election, November 6th. 94 votes registered, 
 only 68 cast. 
 
 April 2d, 1861. Annual meeting at school 
 house Xo. 13. Thirty-two votes cast. $100 
 voted for town expenses. Voted to build a 
 pound and to let horses, cattle, etc., run at large 
 during the summer months. Supervisors: Sam- 
 uel Goodrich, W. M. Cliadwick, John Miller. 
 
 April 1, 1862, annual meeting at school house 
 No. 13, levied $100 for town exjienses. Super- 
 visors, John Miller, W. M. Clia.lwick, D. McCul- 
 lum. 
 
 April 7. 1863, voted $.50 for a Pound, and $.50 
 for town expenses, ^'oted to change the height 
 of fences from fo>ir feet six inches to four feet 
 three inches. Supervisors .John Miller. \V. M. 
 Cliadwick, .James Dean. 
 
 April 5, 1864, voted $100 for town expenses. 
 Voted to pay a reasonable sum fiu' the use of the 
 school house in District 13, for electi(m purposes. 
 Voted to change the day for annual meetings, 
 from the first Tuesday in April to the second 
 Tuesday in March ; which could not be done till 
 the passage of a legislative act in later years. 
 
 Special meeting, June 5, 1864. voted to obtain 
 a plat, and record a piece of ground for a ceme- 
 tery, to be the property of the town : also to raise 
 money to pay the wife of each soldier who had 
 not received a Imal Imuuty, $2.oo. and each cliild 
 of the same $1..>0 per month, from July 1st. and 
 continuing during term of service. 
 
 Special meeting, August 1, 1864. A resolution 
 was lost by 23 to 9, pi'oviding for the raising of 
 money by town bonds to pay soldiers' bounties to 
 fill the Bloomington ipiota under the President's 
 call for 500,000 men. Owing to the action of the 
 electors, the town otticers were powerless to act, 
 and a number of citizens, among whom were 
 Wm. Chadwick, John Layman and T. Peteler. 
 gave their individual notes to tlie First National 
 Bank of Minneapolis, as security for money ad- 
 vanced to pay the bounties of sohliers to fill the 
 quota. 
 
 Special nieeting. January 3, 1865, at the house 
 of A. G. Gillet, voted to issue town bonds to pay 
 bounties to soldiers to fill the quota under the 
 President's call for 300,000 men, the tax for the 
 payment not to be levied on the property of those
 
 224 
 
 HISTORY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 wlio were or liail lieeii in llie service witbdut re- 
 eeiving local bounty. 
 
 Annual meeting. April 1. al llie school house, 
 voted $150 for town expenses, ^'otecl to i>rocure 
 a bier and pall for the use of the town, and raise 
 the per diem of some of tlie town officers. Su- 
 pervisors Sam"l. (ioodrich. Wm. Kell. James E. 
 Smith. 
 
 April 3. "(jij. levied one mill ikt dollar for town 
 expenses, and voted tliat the cemetery be legal- 
 ized by tiling the plat, recording, &c. Supervisors: 
 Wm. Chad wick, Joseph Harrison, Abram Palmer. 
 
 .Vpril 2, 1867, levied one mill i)er dollar for 
 town expenses, seventeen mills for the payment 
 of interest on the bounty bonds, one-half mill to 
 improve the town cemetery and providing that it 
 be free for the inhabitants of the town and So 
 per lot for non-residents. Supervisors: Samuel 
 Goodrich, John Layman, Wm. Kell. 
 
 April 7, 186S, levied one mill per dollar for 
 town expenses. Supervisors: Wm. Kell, E. 
 Parker, Wm. Chadwick. 
 
 March 30, 1869. Supervisors' meeting. The 
 Treasurers' report showed that the amount of 
 money realized from the sale of bounty bonds 
 amounted to $1,364.96, and that bonds had been 
 canceled whicli, including interest, amounted to 
 $1,394.17. And, as the seventeen-mills tax 
 amounted to considerable, there was still some 
 l)ounty money- in the treasury. An attempt was 
 made in 1870 to use this surplus money to build a 
 town house ; this was foimd to be illegal, and the 
 money was distributed among the soldiers of the 
 town who had not received a full bounty. The 
 date of the annual meeting for 1869 does not ap- 
 pear, but it was held at •' Cate's School House." 
 Levied one mill per dollar for town expenses. 
 The building of a town liall was agitated. Su- 
 pervisors: Wm. Kell, E. A. Parker, Wm. Chad- 
 wick. 
 
 A special meeting was held during the summer 
 for the purpose of purchasing a lot for the town 
 hall and to entertain X. G. Nortlirup's proposi- 
 tion, to donate land for a town lioiise. 
 
 April 5, 1870. Meeting held at Cate's School 
 House. Voted to use the surplus bounty money 
 for the purpose of building a town hall, but as 
 the bounty money could not be used legally ex- 
 cept for the payment ofboimties, the matter was 
 dropped. Voted a tax of one mill per dollar for 
 
 town cxiifiises. Supervisors elected were Henry 
 Harmon, John M. Cuumiings, A. P. Thompson. 
 
 An election was held May 31st of this year to 
 decide for or against the payment of slate R. R. 
 bonds by the sale of internal improvement lands, 
 and 7o votes were cast, all in faviir of such method 
 of payment. 
 
 March 14, 1S71, meeting held at district school- 
 house No. 13. Voted S75 to build a pound, and 
 one mill per dollar for town expenses. Super- 
 visors, Henry Harmon, A. P. Thompson. J. D. 
 Scofleld. 
 
 March 12. 1872, meeting held at school-house 
 No. 13. Levied one mill per dollar for town ex- 
 penses. Supervisors — Henry Harmon, J. D. Sec- 
 field. Abram Palmer. 
 
 ^larch 11, 1873, town meeting held at Cates" 
 school-house. Forty-eight votes cast. Supervis- • 
 ors — Henry Harmon, Abram Palmer, Phillip 
 Ilynes. Voted a tax of one-half mill per dollar 
 for town expenses. 
 
 March 10, 1874, meeting at school-house district 
 No. 13. Levied two mills per dollar for town ex- 
 penses. Supervisors — Henry Harmon. Abram 
 Palmer. J. D. Scofield. 
 
 March 9, 1875, town meeting held at Oak Grove 
 Hall. $150 voted for town expenses. Supervis- 
 ors—Henry Harmon, J. I). Scofield. Abram 
 Palmer. 
 
 March 14, 1876, meeting at Oak (Jrove Hall. 
 $150 was voted for town expenses. Supervisors- 
 Henry Harmon. Abram Palmer. II. 1). Cunning- 
 ham. 
 
 March 13, 1877, levied $20(i for town expenses. 
 Supervisors — Henry Harmon. Abram Palmer. II. 
 D. Cunningham. 
 
 March 12, 1878. meeting held at (Jak (irove 
 Hall. A'oled $200 for town expenses. 107 votes 
 cast. Supervisors — Henry Harmon, Walter S. 
 McLeod, II. I). Cunningham. 
 
 March 11. 1879. meeting at Oak Grove Hall. 
 $200 voted for town expenses. 105 votes cast. 
 Supervisors — Henry Harmon. W. S. .McLeod, J. 
 Mahoney. 
 
 March 9, 1880, meeting held at Oak Grove Hall. 
 Ninety-nine votes cast. Changed the cemetery 
 name from "Presbyterian" to "Bloomington." 
 Voted $25 for a pound, and $200 for town ex- 
 penses; also special tax to improve the cemetery. 
 Supervisors— Walters. McLeod, Samuel McClay,
 
 BLOOMINOTON—ORUBCHES, SCHOOLS, ETC. 
 
 225 
 
 Wm. Chadwick. The subject of building a town 
 house and pound has from time to time been 
 agitated, but neither of them has been built. 
 
 CHURCHES. 
 
 The Bloomington Presbyterian Cluireh is at 
 present the only organization in existence in the 
 town. Rev. Mr. Pond took measures for its es- 
 tablishment immediately after the removal of the 
 Indians and the consequent termination of his 
 missionary work. In 1855, the organization was 
 completed with thirteen members, and services 
 were held in the new church. The church was first 
 located at the Bloomington Cemetery, on section 
 21, but in the spring of 1804, it was removed to 
 its present location near the post office, and en- 
 larged. Three members of the original thirteen 
 still survive, Mrs. G. II. Pond, Mary F. Fond and 
 Mrs. Chadwick. Mr. Fond continued the charge 
 until 1873, when he resigned on account of ill 
 health, and was succeeded in turn by Rev. M. 
 Howell, Rev. Van Emmon, and the present in- 
 cumbent. Rev. J. de Rruyn Kops. The latter 
 took charge in 1877. 
 
 The First Baptist Church was organized Janu- 
 ary 22d, 1861, with nine members. The church 
 flourislied for a time, but, in 1872, only half a 
 dozen remained,and those voted to disband. The 
 pastors during its continuance were Revs. S. S. 
 Utter, A. J. Davis, and Cressy. 
 
 SCHOOLS. 
 
 The first school held in the township w^as at the 
 Dakota mission, by Rev. Mr. Pond and his assist- 
 ants. Though organized for the Indians, some 
 white children of early settlers attended. The 
 first public scliool was taught in a private house 
 by Miss Harrison, in 1855, since which time pub- 
 lic schools have been regularly kept. The town 
 is divided in four school districts, and has two 
 joint districts with Richfield ; the school house 
 of the latter located in Richfield. That of Dis- 
 trict No. 13, known as the Gibson school house, 
 on Section 20, finished in 1859, was the first school 
 house built. That of district Xo. Id, long known 
 as the Cates school house, was first located on 
 section 15, but in 1874 the location was clianged 
 to section 16, and the present house built. That 
 of district No. 11 is in section 10, and was built 
 in 1869. That of district No. 14 is on section 32, 
 
 and was biult in 1866. 
 15 
 
 GRANGE NO. 482. 
 
 This Grange was organized March, 1874, by 
 Deputy W. S. Chowen, of Minnetonka, in 
 the school-house, district No. 10, with twenty 
 charter members. The first master was J. D. 
 Layman, and the first secretary V. Bailey. 
 The first meetings were held at tlie house of 
 James Davis and at Pease"s Hall. During the 
 first winter a stock company, under the title of 
 the "Oak Grove Hall Association," was organ- 
 ized, composed only of memers of the Grange, 
 for the purpose of building a hall. Shares were 
 issued at $10 each, the money was raised, and the 
 hall completed during the summer. It stands 
 near the postoftice. A Library Association was 
 formed March 19th, 1874, called the " Blooming- 
 ton Grange Library Association," to consist only 
 of members of the Grange in good standing. 
 Thirty dollars was invested in books at the out- 
 set, and new books have since been added. The 
 membership of the Grange is now forty-eight. 
 
 HOTELS, ETC. 
 
 The first hotel in the town was built in 1854, at 
 the crossing of Nine Mile Creek, by a Mr. Baillif , 
 who kept it a number of years. Next, Albee 
 .Smith l)uilt the hotel and store at the ferry. In 
 1858 ^Ir. Wliitney built a hotel near the creek, 
 whicli was the stopping place for the stage and 
 passengers for a long time. It was subsecpiently 
 purchased by N. G. Northrup, who opened a store 
 in connection with the hotel. After two years he 
 sold to Mr. Moir, the present owner. Owen R. 
 Dunbar opened a store in 1876, where the Bloom- 
 ington postoffice now is. He was also postmas- 
 ter. In 1878 he sold to Mr. Cumming, who 
 keeps a small general store and is postmaster. 
 
 BLOOMINGTON FERRY. 
 
 The ferry was established in 1852 by Joseph 
 Dean and William Chambers. They continued 
 it in company until 1855, when Mr. Dean sold his 
 interest to A. C. and S. A. Goodrich. In 1868 
 Mr. Chambers sold his interest to James Brown, 
 who, in 1.S72, sold to John Cameron. Mr. Cam- 
 eron was accidentally killed at the ferry a few 
 years later. His widow and Mrs. Rebecca Good- 
 rich are now the owners. In 1855 Mr. Dean sold 
 to Albee Smith and others, from St. Paul, his in- 
 terest in lands at the ferry, but not including the 
 ferry itself, for a town site. The purchasers sur-
 
 ^6 
 
 HISTORY OF HENKEPIN COUNTY 
 
 veyed. platted it aud built a hotel, but the town 
 refused to grow. 
 
 MILL,. SHOPS. ETC. 
 
 ■The Bloomington Flouring Mill "is located 
 on Xiue Mile Creek, section 21. M. J. ifcAfee. 
 the present owner, built the dam and mill in 
 1876-7. It is a wooden building 80.\4U feet, three 
 stories high. It has three runs of stone and one 
 set of roUei-s. and is operated by a twenty-inch 
 turbine wheel of the Leffel pattern, with thirty 
 or forty horse power. It has a capacity of twenty 
 barrels per day. The water power is good. Nu- 
 merous springs feed the pond, and keep up the 
 supply of water, enabling the mill to run steadily 
 during the summer months. 
 
 Three blacksmith shops are located and owned 
 as follows : one near Bloomington Ferry, by Hec- 
 tor Chadwick ; one on section twenty, by Joseph 
 Pepin, and one at Bloomington post office, by A. 
 Cumming. 
 
 Mrs. Cameron keeps a hotel and store near the 
 ferry, in a building built by parties from St. Paul. 
 
 THE FIKST SETTLERS. 
 
 Mrs. Mary Louisa Quinn is the oldest Uving .set- 
 tler ui Bloomington. and also probably the old- 
 est settler in the State. She now lives with her 
 daughter. Mrs. Margaret Brosseau. Mrs. Quinn 
 was born in the Rocky Mountains, in the tall of 
 18U0,and is the daughter of a Scotchman, named 
 Findley and a Kocky Mountain Indian woman. 
 who died gi^"ing her birth. On the death of the 
 mother, ilr. Findley was left with a family of 
 four children. He. therefore, left the Mountains 
 and came to Fort Garry, where he left the infant 
 in the charge of a family until his return from 
 Lachine. Canada. He took the other children 
 with him. but never returned. At Fort Garry 
 the baby grew to womanhood. Peter Quinn. 
 who subsequently became her husband, was one 
 of the earliest settlers in this county, with a 
 career even more eventftd than that of his wife. 
 He was born in Dublin. Ireland, about 1789, was 
 carried off by a party of English sailors when a 
 school boy. iind taken to York Factory, an Esqui- 
 maux trading post, on the coa.st of Labrador. 
 Making his escape, he lived three years with the 
 Esquimau.x, without seemg a white man during 
 the time. He was ransomed by a party of Hud- 
 son Bay trappers in charge of ^Ir. Graham, 
 
 Graham was the father of Mrs. Alexander Fari- 
 bault of tliis State. He brought yomig Quiim to 
 Fort Garry where he married as stated above. 
 He remained in the employ of the Hudson Bay 
 Company a number of years l)Ut was in constant 
 dread of being caught and returned to his origi- 
 nal captors. In 1824, he was sent to the trading 
 post of the American Fur Company, at Lac qui 
 Parle to rescue a white woman, that liad been cap- 
 tured by the Sioux, and there made arrangements 
 to join the American ct)mpany. He left his wife 
 and family for the time at Fort Garry and accept- 
 ed the appointment as their agent at Fort Snell- 
 ing. He arrived at his new post in 1824. Du- 
 rmg his absence his wife suffered many hard- 
 ships. AVhile her protectors were on a hunting 
 excursion, her eldest child died, and, though 
 obliged to carry an infant two months old, she 
 determined to set out alone to find them. A 
 heavy snow stoi-m overtook her on the way, and 
 the baby perished, while she with difficulty made 
 her way to her friends, who kindly received her. 
 She now persuaded her friends to go with her 
 to join her husband in Minnesota, and settle 
 there. Several set out with her for Fort Snel- 
 Ung, in the whiter of ]S2o. They traveled on 
 snow shoes aU the way. Mr. Quinn hearing of 
 their coming, met the party at Crow Wing, and 
 conducted his wife safely to Fort Snelling. He 
 was soon appointed to a trading post at Leech 
 Lake, Miunesota, whither he went with his fami- 
 ly and remained till the spring of 1827. Mrs. 
 Quinn at that time returned with her husband to 
 Fort Snelling. near where she has siuce lived, and 
 is now over eighty. From 1827, ^Ir. Quinn 
 was constantly in the employ of the government, 
 until his death. He carried the mail, for a time, 
 from Fort Snelling to Prairie du Cliien. He was 
 often employed as interpreter and in making 
 treaties on account of his familiarity with the 
 Sioux and Chippewa languages. In 1837 he went 
 to Washington in charge of a delegation of 
 Indian chiefs. In 1843, he was appointed Indian 
 farmer, and opened the farm for instructing the 
 Indians near where his widow, daughter and 
 grand-daughter now Uve. In 1854 he was sent 
 to Fort Ridgely as interpreter for the soldiers. 
 At the opening of the Sioux war, in 1862. he was 
 sent by Capt. Marsh to Redwood Ferry to recon- 
 noitre, and pacify the Indians. He was there
 
 BLOOMINGTON—THE FIRST SETTLERS. 
 
 227 
 
 maliciously shot by an Indian named White Dog, 
 who imagined himself injured by Quinn and 
 fommitted the act in retaliation. Mrs. Quinn 
 who was at the time visiting her daughter in 
 Bloomington, did not return to Fort Ridgely. 
 Mrs. Quinn is familiar with Indian dialects and 
 the French language but cannot talk English. 
 She receives a pension from tlie Government. 
 
 Rev. Gideon H. Pond came to Bloomington, in 
 1843. Mr. Pond was born in Washington, Litch- 
 field county, Connecticut, June 3()th 1810. He 
 lived on the home farm until 1834, when he re- 
 ceived a letter from his brother, Samuel W. 
 Pond, a school teacher at Galena, Illinois, pro- 
 posing a missionary enterprise to the Dakota In- 
 dians. The proposition was accepted and, in 
 1884, provided with neither brass, scrip nor purse, 
 he joined his l)rother at Galena, where they em- 
 barked on a steamer and arrived at Fort Snell- 
 ing in May. They began their labors among the 
 small bands of Dalikf)tas around lakes Clalhoun 
 and Harriet. They built a rude cabin on the east 
 sliore of Lake Calhoun, and labored together 
 three years, when Gideon II., the subject of this 
 sketch, leaving his brotlier in charge of the mis- 
 sion school, went to Lac qui Parle, where a Pres- 
 byterian church had been organized, and offered 
 his services as Indian farmer and teacher. He 
 remained there a few years and returned to Lake 
 Harriet. As previously stated, the Ponds under- 
 took this missionary labor unaided, but, soon 
 after, on the arrival of missionaries sustained by 
 the A. 15. C. F. M., tliey joined with them and 
 labored under the patronage of tliat society. 
 They began as laymen but, in 1836, Gideon H. 
 Pond returned to Connecticut, and, during a 
 short absence was ordained, when he returned 
 to his labors. In 1843, owing to the repeated 
 disturbances between the Chippewas and Dah- 
 kotas, the latter changed their location to the 
 banks of the Minnesota river. Mr Pond fol- 
 lowed their fortunes and located in Blooming- 
 ton, where his family now lives. He erected 
 a residence for his own family and a school- 
 house for the Indians. Services were held every 
 Sabbath, and schools were sustained during the 
 week, for the red children, by Mr. Pond and liis 
 assistants. Several of these assistants were wo- 
 men. In 1852, in accordance with a treaty, the 
 Indians were removed from the vicinitv but Mr. 
 
 Pond had now become attached to this place as 
 a home and remained here until his death. Mr. 
 Pond was married Jfovember 2d, 1837, at Lac 
 qui Parle, to Miss Sarah Poage, who was his 
 faitliful assistant until her deatli, which occurred 
 in 1853. In 1854 he married Mrs. Sarah Hopkins, 
 widow of a missionary, who was drowned in the 
 Minnesota river at Saint Peter, July 4th, 1851. 
 As the settlers arrived in Bloomington very 
 rapidly after the departure of the Indians. Mr. 
 Pond devoted himself to religious, social and po- 
 litical progress among the new settlers. He or- 
 ganized a church and was its pastor for many 
 years ; he represented the 7tli district in the 
 first territorial legislature, and otherwise took 
 an active part in progressive, political affairs. 
 He died, January 20th, 1878. 
 
 Hon. Martin McLeod was born in Montreal, 
 Canada, August 1812. During early years he 
 was engaged as a clerk in a wholesale house in 
 his native city. He had a liberal education, but 
 was imbued witli a strong desire to explore the 
 West. In 1836, at Buffalo, he met General 
 Dickinson, a Britisli officer, who was organizing 
 a party of young men to explore tlie western 
 country. McLeod joined tlie expedition and went 
 to the Hudson Bay Company territory of Lord 
 Selkirk. The company was disbanded, and 
 McLeod found himself, in the winter of 1836-7, 
 cast on his own resources. He, with Capt. J. 
 Pays, a Polish exile, and Richard Hays, an Irish- 
 man, hired Pierre Bottineau, as guide to conduct 
 them to Fort Snelling. Hays was lost in a snow 
 storm, and perished. Pays was so badly frozen 
 that they were compelled to build a shanty for 
 him and leave him behind. On returning for 
 him a few days later, they found him frozen to 
 death. Mr. McLeod arrived with his guide at 
 Lake Traverse, and during the same spring, 
 (1837), proceeded to Fort Snelling. There he 
 became clerk and book-keeper for 11. II. Sibley. 
 He afterward became a partner with a Mr. Baker. 
 in a trading post at the fort. After the death of 
 Mr. Baker, he went up the St. Croix River and 
 traded with the Chipjiewas, during the winter of 
 18311-40, and afterward up the Minnesota River 
 to Traverse de Sioux, and opened a trading post 
 there, another in 1843, at Big Stone Lake, and 
 still another at Lac qui Parle, in 1846. He 
 took his family with him to the two places last
 
 22b 
 
 HISTOUT OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 mentioned. In 1849 he removed them to where 
 his son now resides. He continued the trading 
 posts already mentioned, and estaVilished others 
 at Redwood and Yellow ^ledieine. after the 
 Indians were removed to these points. In 1858 
 lie sold out his trading posts and engaged in real 
 estate business until his death. He was a mem- 
 ber of the territorial legislature and council, and 
 took a great interest in the affairs of the coinitry. 
 His death occurred in 1860. His son Walter S. 
 McLeod, who lives on the old homestead, was 
 born near Fort Snelling, April IBth. 1841, and has 
 always been a resident of the county. He has I 
 tilled a number of town offices, and is a public 
 spirited and enterprising citizen. 
 
 Mrs. Margaret Brosseau was born at Leech 
 Lake, Minnesota. October loth. 1826. and is the 
 daughter of Peter and Louisa Quinn. Her whole 
 life has been passed in the vicinity of Fort Snelling. 
 Her early life was spent among the Indians and 
 traders who frequented the fort. She, by this 
 association, became familiar with the Sioux, 
 Chippewa and French languages in addition to I 
 English. She attended school at the fort and at \ 
 Mr. Pond"s missionary school. InlS46 she was 
 married to S. J. Findley, of Prairie du Chien, 
 a clerk in the sutler's store at Fort Snelling. 
 Mr. Findley kept the ferry and lived in a house, 
 infill standing, on the east l^ank of the Mississippi 
 River, near the new bridge at the fort. There he 
 died November 8th, 18o5, leaving his wife and 
 three children. Two of these children are now 
 dead, and the third, the only survivor, is ilrs. A. 
 E. Scofield of this town. 2ilrs. Fuidley remained 
 at Fort Snelling until 1857 when she married F. 
 X. Brosseau and -settled on her farm in Blooming- 
 ton where she no\\- resides. From 18G2-"72 they 
 lived in St. Paul, but returned at the latter date 
 and have since lived in their old home. There 
 were two children by the last marriage. James L. 
 and Francis X. i both are dead. 
 
 Samuel Augustin Goodrich was born in Ben- 
 son, Vermont. September lUih, 1827. In 18:-!2 
 his parents moved to Du Page comity, Illinois. 
 He there attended school, and in due time entered 
 Knox College, (ialesburg. His health would not 
 permit him to complete his couree and he left 
 college. In 1852, m company with others, he 
 came to this town and made a claim where his 
 familv now resides. In 1854. and asiain in 18.56. he 
 
 visited Illinois. During the last visit he married, 
 at Chicago, His wfe was a Miss Adams, a na- 
 tive of Enosbnrgh, Vermont, born March 18th, 
 1880. She came to Chicago, in 1854. Mr. Good- 
 rich was the firet assessor for Hemiepin county, 
 and held the office of Justice of the Peace. He 
 died X'ov. 21st. 1865. There were six children. 
 ^Irs. (xoodrich still resides on the old homestead. 
 William Chadwick was born in England. Xov. 
 11th, 1824. He came to America with his parents 
 in 182Vt. and settled in Quebec, where they re- 
 mained until 1832. They then removed to Kings- 
 ton, where William attended school until fifteen. 
 He was employed afterwards on the steamboats 
 of the St. Lawrence, and canal boats on the Ri- 
 deau canal, until twenty-two. when he married, 
 bought a farm, and lived on it seven years. He 
 then lived one year in Kingston before coming to 
 Minnesota. He came here in 1854. and settled on 
 his present farm in 1869. He married Miss Eliza- 
 beth Morris in 1845. She was Ijorn in England. 
 January 15th, 1827, and ten children, of whom 
 eight are living, followed the marriage. Robert, 
 Mary A., Hector, Emma J., Clara J., George F., 
 William A., and Eddie. 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL. 
 
 J. L. Aneel was born in France, January 22d, 
 1822 ; served as a soldier seven years in France ; 
 married to Miss Zelie Genevry in 1850 ; emigrated 
 to America in "52 ; remained a short time in New 
 York ; removed to Connecticut, and staid four 
 years ; returned to Xew York, where they re- 
 mained until 1857, when they removed to Minne- 
 sota, and located in Bloomington. In 1874, pur- 
 chased a farm on section 17 : sold. 1878 ; rented 
 the farm on which he now lives the same year ; 
 has pm-chased 160 acres in section 19. They have 
 five children. 
 
 T. T. Bazley was born in England, X'ovember 
 28th, 1828; settled in Canada, 1842; moved to 
 Minnesota, 18.52: on his present farm in 1853; 
 married, Septemiier 8. 1857. to Miss Catherine 
 Miller, from Ireland, who died, X'ovember 10th, 
 1859 ; married again, September, 1862, to Miss 
 Xancy Stinson, He tried to enlist as a soldier, 
 but was rejected. Children are. Phebe, Kate. 
 Jennette, Tom, Josephhie, Lillie J. 
 
 John Brown was born in England, September 
 21.1838: came to America in 1847. His father
 
 BLOOMINGTON—BIOGBAPKICAL. 
 
 229 
 
 enlisted in the 3d Inft. of U. S. Regs., and went 
 to Mexico, his family accompanying him. In 
 1849, the regiment was ordered to Fort Snelling, 
 where Mr. Brown remained until 1853, when 
 they settled on a farm in this Xavm. John, in 
 1861 , enlisted in Company D, 1st Minnesota reg- 
 iment ; was in the first Bull Run liattle ; mus- 
 tered out in 1864. The same summer he was 
 sent as a scout to Dakota. Part of 1865 in the 
 Quartermaster's department in Virginia. In the 
 fall of 1865, married Anna M. Ames, of Bloom- 
 ington, and settled on his present farm. They 
 have three children, John A., Cora N., and Wal- 
 ter J. ^Ir. Brown has a good farm valued at 
 S5,000. 
 
 II. D. Cmniingham, one of the early settlers of 
 the state, was born in Augusta county, ^'irginia, 
 December 13th, 1822. Came to Miiniesota in 
 1856. Settled in Nicollet county and followed 
 farming. JSIarried Miss Mary Ellison in 1857. In 
 18.58 went to Yellow jSIedicine and took cliarge 
 of the schools of the Dakota Mission, where he 
 remained until the spring of 1865, when he 
 moved to Minneapolis and engaged in the Hour 
 and feed business. Located on his present farm 
 in 1874. Held the office of town supervisor three 
 years, school director and treasurer for two years, 
 and is now in the employ of tlie American Tract 
 Society as colporteur. 
 
 Joseph Harrison was born in Ireland, 1815. 
 Emigrated to Canada in 1818. Settled in Kings- 
 ton. Married in 1840 to Miss H. Cook, of Kings- 
 ton. Had tliirteen cliildren, nine of whom are 
 living: Cecilia, Amelia, Elizabeth A., Martha J., 
 Frances May, Charlotte, AVilliam A., Harriet M., 
 Clement D., Ilulda C, Abbie, Eva, Edith Hope. 
 Came to Minnesota in 1854, and moved to his 
 present home in 1874. Has held tlie office of 
 town supervisor and school director for several 
 years. Has land valued at S7,000. 
 
 J. W. Kelley was born in Williamsburg, N. Y., 
 June 4th, 1836. Removed to Oneida county in 
 1856. Married in 1859 to Miss C. Joice. Enlisted 
 in 1862 in Co. A, 117 N. Y. Regt, 2d division, and 
 was engaged in many hard-fought battles under 
 Generals Butler, Gilmore, and Teiry. Mustered 
 out in 1865. Returned to Oneida same year. 
 Moved to Iowa in 1869, and to Minnesota and 
 his present farm in 1874. They have four 
 children. Mr. Kellev is mail carrier from Minne- 
 
 apolis to Richfield, Bloomington, and Blooming- 
 ton Ferry. 
 
 J. H. Kirk was born in Maryland, September 
 28th, 1827. Went to Ohio in 1834. Moved to 
 Sargents Bluff, Iowa, 1849; to Anoka county, 
 Minnesota, May, 1851. Married in 18.59 to Miss 
 Mary G. Smith, who was born in "V^ermont, May 
 28th, 1834. They settled on their present farm 
 in 1866. Have no children, but have given homes 
 to three friendless girls and one boy. His land is 
 valued at S3,2uu. 
 
 John Le Borius was born in Germany in 1844. 
 Came to America and settled in St. Paid in 18-54. 
 Spent most of his time until 1861 traveling as 
 cook and waiter with parties looking for and lo- 
 cating claims. Employed by the government as 
 wagon-master and blacksmith. Was with Gen. 
 Sibley's expedition against the Indians in 1863. 
 On his return was employed at Fort Snelluig. In 
 1868 made another trip with Gen. Mercy into Da- 
 kota and the British possessions, inspecting the 
 forts. In 1869 made a trip witli Gen. Hancock, 
 inspecting forts and Jocating new ones. 1870 
 took the Fort Snelling ferry and run it four sea- 
 sons. 1877 took cliarge of a large farm in Mower 
 county. Married, Dec. 1879, Miss L. M. Frank. 
 
 Jeremiah Mahoney, born in Ireland in 1818. 
 Came to America in ls;«i. Enlisted in 1840 in 
 the U. S. army, as (.Quartermaster Sergeant, and 
 was ordered to Florida under (Tenl. W. S. Harney, 
 to gather the Seminole Indians and take them to 
 the reservation in Arkansas. Stationed at Fort 
 Gibson lour years. Ordered to JMexico in 1846. 
 Was through all the battles of the Mexican war 
 under Gen. Scott. Ordered to Fort Snelling, and 
 appointed Ordnance Sergeant, wlieie lie remained 
 until the post was sold to Franklin Steele. Mar- 
 ried in 1853 to Anna Nevin. iSIoved to his pres- 
 ent farm in 1858. In 1861 enlisted in the First 
 Minnesota Regiment as Commissary Sergeant. 
 Received the appointment of Head Clerk and 
 Cashier in Quartermaster's Dejjartment, Alexan- 
 dria, Va. In 1864 returned to liis liome. They 
 have one child living, Martha \. Town Super- 
 visor one year, and Justice of the Peace two years. 
 
 AV. J. McAfee, proprietor of Bloomington Flour 
 Mills, was born in Ireland May 8.1S4U. Came to 
 St. Johns, X. B., 1843. Learned of liis father 
 the millwright and machinist trades. Engaged 
 in tlie manufacture of lumber, leu years. In 1868
 
 230 
 
 HISTOBY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 moved to St. Paul and opened the City Iron 
 Works; 1869, took a partner, in 1871. dissolved 
 and took in his brother, Hugh J.; 1877, bought 
 present properly, erected his mill, which, with 
 the improvements made from time to time, makes 
 it a first class country mill. Married in 1.S6.5 to 
 Miss M. E. Spencer, of St. Johns, X. B. They 
 have had six children. 
 
 Thomas O.xborough was born in England, April 
 20, 1814. His mother died in 1823. From that 
 time he was obliged to earn his own living. 
 Married in lSo2 to Miss Sarah Parish. Came to 
 America in 18.52 and settled m St. Clair, Mich. 
 In 1853 moved to Minnesota, and located on his 
 present farm. Put up a small shantj' on his 
 claim, without doors or windows. Indians were 
 numerous, sometimes two huntli-ed would gather 
 around, but did no harm. Has two children, 
 Mathew and Anna. He has land valued at 
 .•?i3,0U0, also a large livery stable on First street. 
 Minneapolis, valued at S8,000. 
 
 Abram Palmer, born in Eutland. Vermont. 
 October 9th. 182.5. At an early age he moved 
 to Saratoga county, Xew York. In 18-17, mar- 
 ried to Miss A. Snow. Moved to Illinois in 
 18.50. and to DeKalb county in 18.53. Spring 
 of 18.37 moved to Minnesota, and settled on their 
 present farm : had seven children. Wilber. James. 
 Mary E., Emily. Henry, Laura and Abram F. 
 Has been Town Supervisor six yeai^s, Assessor 
 five years. 
 
 J. T. Palmer was born in Saratoga County. X. 
 v.. August 11th. 1834. Learned cabinet maker.-; 
 trade at Ballston Spa. In isol moved to De- 
 kalb county. Illinois. Married in 18-5t) to ^liss 
 Mary E. Patterson, of Peinisylvania. For six 
 years he was master carpenter on the St. P. & 
 P. R. R. Settled on his farm in 1870. Have 
 five children living. Charles E.. Robert P. AVillie 
 P.. Mary C. and Josie L. Land valued at 85,000. 
 
 "Wilber Palmer was born in Saratoga county. 
 X. Y., 1822. Gloved to DeKalb county, Illinois, 
 in 18-50. Came to Minnesota in 1859, and on his 
 present farm in 1860. Married in 1844 to Miss 
 Margaret Gray, of Saratoga. He enlisted in the 
 Mexican war, Company E, Third Regiment In- 
 fantry, and served through the war. Mustered 
 oat in 1848. ilarried again in 1853 to Miss 
 Phebe Hedges, of Canada. Has eight children 
 living. Land valued at S3,000. 
 
 P. M. Petterson was bom in Sweden, March 
 6th. 1818. Came to ^Vmerica in 18.54. Moved 
 from Xew York to Minnesota in 18.5.5, and set- 
 tled in Dakota cotmty. Moved to his present 
 farm in 1866. >ilarried in 184-5 to Miss Gustava 
 Johnson. Divorced in 1873. Married again in 
 same year to Miss II. Johnson. Have four 
 children. Albert. Charles T.. Amia M.. and Ida. 
 
 J. D. Scofleld was born in Cortland county, 
 X. Y., August 29th. 1828. Moved to Seneca 
 county, in 1847. Engaged in the lumber trade 
 until 1849 when he came to Saint Paul. Moved 
 to Washington county in 18.51, and remained un- 
 tU 18.53. when he was married to Miss Sophia 
 Cook. Settled on his present farm same year. 
 Had four children. Charles E.. Lester II.. Alice 
 M.. and Florence. Wife died September 22, "61. 
 Married again April 14th, 1865, to Miss C. S. 
 Damon. They have had three children, Cora E.. 
 Mabel Y.. and Carl S. Supervisor for five years. 
 One of the charter members of the Farmers" 
 Grange, organized in 1874. 
 
 F. (4. Staudish. born in Benson. Vermont. 
 July 10, 1834. Moved to Xew York in 1836. To 
 Illinois in 1848. To Minnesota in 1856. Made a 
 claim seven miles west of Rockford. Wright Coun- 
 ty, in 1858. Drafted in 1862, and furnished a sub- 
 stitute. Sold his farm same year and moved to 
 tins town. Married in 1863 to Miss C. Harrison, 
 and settled on his present farm in 1868. Have 
 four diildi-en. He was one of the volimteer com- 
 pany that went to Fort Ridgely in 1862. 
 
 Garritt A'an Xess. Jr.. l)orn in Canada. Feb- 
 ruary 23, 1836. Came to Miiniesota and settled 
 in Bloomuigton in 1865, and on Ills present farm 
 in 1875. Married hi 1862 to Miss Mary ilorris. 
 He is a carpenter and boat builder by trade. 
 Keeps a sportsmaus station, acting as guide, and 
 furnishing boats for duck hunting. June 29, 
 1877. a cyclone passed over his place and destroy- 
 ed every building he had. Land valued 82,-500. 
 
 Wm. West. Jr., born in England. February 
 28.1847. Came to America and settled in Xew 
 York m 18.52. Went to Will county, Illinois, in 
 1855. To Anoka county Minnesota in 1856, 
 where his father pre-empted a farm which he 
 still owns. Married in 1872 to Miss Mary Kell 
 of this township. Moved to his present farm, 
 in 1863. They have three children, Leona, Fannie, 
 G.. Ewing AV. Land valued at 82000.
 
 EDEN PRAIRIE— GENERAL DESCRIPTION. 
 
 231 
 
 EDEN PRAIRIE. 
 
 CHAPTER XXXYIII. 
 
 GENERAL DESCRIPTION — EARLY SETTLERS — 
 TOWN ORGANIZATION— INDIAN BATTLE — 
 SCHOOLS— CHURCHES RAILROADS STATIS- 
 TICS-BIOGRAPHICAL. 
 
 Edeii Prairie is situated on the Minnesota Riv- 
 er, wliicli forms its entire southern boundary. 
 The face of tlie country is mainly rolling and hilly. 
 This is the character of tlie nortliern and middle 
 portions. The name, however, arose from the 
 southern portion, which consists of a prairie. The 
 town was named, in 18.53, by a Mrs. Elliot, who 
 gave it the name Eden, in expressing her admi- 
 ration of this beautiful prairie. It has many 
 lakes and some marshes. Tlie lakes are charac- 
 terized by the usual gravelly shores and high 
 banks that render the lakes of the county so 
 beautiful. It is watered by several small streams. 
 Mill Creek, the largest, rises in Minnetonka. Hows 
 across tlie town from north to soutli, through 
 Staring Lake and empties into the Minnesota 
 River. The whole township is fertile and well 
 adapted to grain. At (me time it iiroduced 
 more wheat than any other town in Hen- 
 nepin county. Ill the nortliern. or lirush-laiid 
 portion of the town, the soil is a dark loam with 
 clay subsoil. The prairie has a deeper and riclier 
 soil. Heavy timber is found in the extreme 
 north-west and south-west and lighter on the 
 hilly land. Eden Prairie is a farming town and 
 contains no village. 
 
 EARLY SETTLERS. 
 
 The town was first settled in 1(S.52, by John 
 McKenzie, David Livingston, Alexander Gould, 
 Hiram Abbott. Samuel Mitchell, Sr., and sons, 
 R. Neill, Aaron Gould, and others. Mr. Abbott 
 made the first claim on the nortli part of the 
 prairie, immediately after the treaty, with pur- 
 chase of land, was made with tlie Dahkotas, in 
 
 1851. Mr. McKenzie's claim was in the southern 
 part of the town near the river, on sections 34 
 and 35. In company with Hon, Alexander "Wil- 
 kin, then secretary of the territory, and others, 
 he platted a village, and called it Hennepin. 
 This was on the Minnesota river, at his claim. 
 A hotel, store and a few residences were built. 
 It was at one time the chief shipping point for 
 grain, which was taken in the small steamers 
 that plied up and down the Minnesota river. 
 Like many a projected city of the West, it failed 
 to flourish, and was abandoned. 
 
 TOWN ORGANIZATION. 
 
 Previous to tlie state organization, Hiram Ab- 
 bott was appointed Justice of the Peace, and 
 William O. Collins, Constable, in 1854, under 
 the territorial government. These were the only 
 officers previous to the town organization. 
 
 The township was organized in 18.58, and the 
 first town meeting lield on the eleventh of May, 
 in the old school house. The following officers 
 were elected : 
 
 Supervisors, Aaron (iould. chairman ; Robert 
 Anderson and William O. Collins. Clerk, Will- 
 iam H. Rouse. Collector, A. K. lililler. Asses- 
 sor, William J. Jarrett. Overseer of Poor, John 
 Keeley. Justices, William O. Collins and James 
 Gamble. Constables, A. K. Miller and Arch. 
 Anderson. The total expense of the town for 
 the first year was .S55.04. 
 
 The town officers for 1880, were : Super\'isors, 
 William Hurlbut. chairman ; William Andrews 
 and Aaron S. Xeill. Clerk, William O. Collins. 
 Assessor, George N. (iibbs. Treasurer, Sheldon 
 Smith. 
 
 EARLY EVENTS. 
 
 The first child of white parentage born in the 
 town, was to Mr. and Mrs. Pauley Butterfield, 
 and died in infancy. Tlie first marriage was 
 William Chambers and Martha Mitchell, in the
 
 232 
 
 HISTOBY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 winter of 1852-3. Neither are living. The first 
 woman to live in thisto^\ii was Miss Jane Mitch- 
 ell, now Mrs. Frank Warner, of Carver. She 
 came in 1852, to keep house for her father and 
 brothers, before the arrival of the other members 
 of the family. The farm wliere they located, on 
 section 17, is now owned by the heirs of Fred. 
 Miller. 
 
 INDI.\N B.\TTLE. 
 
 On the 27th of May, 1858, only a few days 
 subsequent to the organization of the town, a 
 fearful Indian battle was fought, ■\\hich was 
 \yitnessed by several of the settlers. It took 
 place between the old enemies, the Sioux and 
 Chippwas. near Murphy"s ferry in the southern 
 part of the town. The Chippewas wished to 
 avenge a murder, committed the fall previous near 
 Crow Wing by the Sioux. In furtherance of their 
 plan, the Chippewas formed an ambush among the 
 hills on the north side of the ferry. The Sioux 
 were encamped on the south side. The Chippe- 
 was numbered about two hundred warriors, the 
 Sioux, only sixty or seventy. The Chippewas 
 therefore counted on an easy victory. The contest 
 began at early daA\ii by a detachment of Chippe- 
 was firhigupon a fishing party of Sioux, who had 
 unsuspectmgly crossed to the north side. This 
 roused the Sioux camp and they took possession 
 of the ferry so promptly, as to cross and come on 
 the Chippewas at the banks of Big Creek and get 
 into cover in their near vicinity before they could 
 be repelled. The Chippewas finding theirambush 
 a failure, made several attempts to dislodge their 
 foes by strong detachments, but without success. 
 The Sioux, though inferior in numbers, fought 
 with characteristic vigor and desperation, and 
 about 10 o'clock in the morning completely routed 
 the Chippewas. The number killed is not known 
 but Noonday, a youngchief of the Chippewas, fell 
 and his body was horribly mutilated by Wau-ma- 
 nung, chief of the Sioux. Phillip Collins, who 
 was an eye witness, states that the Sioux chief 
 cut the heart from his fallen foe and drank of its 
 blood, then, after taking the scalp, cut off the 
 head and carried it on a pole to the Sioux camp 
 near Shakopee. Then the victory was celebrated 
 by a scalp dance, lasting several days, character- 
 ized by their usual barbarities. The body of the 
 young chief was burned. 
 
 After the fight, Mr. Collins found in a pouch 
 containing the pipe. '-Kiunickinnick." etc., of a 
 fallen Chippewa, a rude map on birch bark, which 
 bore, besides the localities of hills, lakes and 
 rivers of that vicinity, several mysterious char- 
 acters, among them figures representing cows, 
 others foxes, etc. It is unfortunate that this 
 relic was lost. 
 
 SCHOOLS. 
 
 The first school house was built in 1854. It 
 was built of tamarac logs and finished ^\-ith bass- 
 wood lumber. In size it was 18x24 feet. This 
 was the second school house built in Hennepin 
 county. Miss Sarali Clark taught during the 
 summer of 1854, which was the opening term of 
 the school. This old house, which long served 
 as school house, church and town hall, wastorn 
 down in 1873, and in its stead was built the pres- 
 ent structure. It is a neat frame building, 20x30 
 feet, on the east line of section 20. district number 
 56. The town sustains schools in four entire 
 districts and forms part of two joint districts with 
 Minnetonka, all furnished with substantial school 
 houses. 
 
 CHUKCHES. 
 
 The earliest report of religious instruction is of 
 the preaching of Rev. Gideon H. Pond, in the 
 spring of 1854, at the house of Hiram Abbott. 
 Meetings were afterward held at the house of J. 
 Staring, and. later, in the old log school house. 
 The Eev. Edward Eggleston preached in the 
 school house several times during the early part 
 of his ministry. Three churches are now sustained 
 in the town. The Methodist Episcopal. I'nited 
 Presbyterian and Episcopal. The first effort 
 toward the establishment of a Methodist society 
 was the forming of a class by Rev. J. E. Bell. 
 He was soon succeeded by Rev. Mr. Stephenson. 
 For several years the society was small, but gained 
 numerical strength with the development of the 
 town. In 1871. a church was built in section 21. 
 near the site of the old school house. The society 
 now numbers about sixty members and has a floiu-- 
 ishing Sunday School. 
 
 The United Presbyterian Church was organized 
 m 1858, by Rev. Alex. McHatton. a missionary, 
 who remained about two years. Several changes 
 occurred during the next few years. Rev. A. B. 
 Coleman was stationed herein 1868. He was the
 
 EDEN PRAIRIE-MILL, STORES, ETC. 
 
 233 
 
 first stated pastor and remained until 1871, when 
 he was succeeded by Rev. J. L. Whitley, wlio 
 remained three years. Eev. James Rogers was 
 stationed here in 1874 and remained mitil 1878, 
 when lie was succeeded by Rev. S. T. Ilerron, 
 the present pastor. Tlie elders of the church are 
 Samuel Anderson, James Claris and James Gam- 
 ble. The church edifice is a comfortable frame 
 building 28x40 feet, located in tlie nortlnvest part 
 of section 26. It was built in part, in 1869, and 
 finished in 1879. The society numbers fifty-three 
 and Sunday School sixty-five. The average at- 
 tendance at tlie Sunday School is forty. 
 
 Episcopal, St. John's Church. The first organ- 
 ization of this society was in 1864. It was, how- 
 ever, re-organized in 1873, in consequence of the 
 failure to record the first organization. The 
 church is a very neat wooden structure, 22x34 
 feet. It was originally built in Clianhassen, 
 Carver county, about the year 1860, and in 1868, 
 was moved to its present location on section 27. 
 The first pastor was Rev. John Fitch. The pres- 
 ent pastor. Rev. William Powell, has officiated 
 since 1873. The officers of the society are Will- 
 iam J. Jarrett, senior warden, and George V. 
 Hawkins, junior warden. The present member- 
 ship is about twenty, and a Sunday School is 
 maintained. 
 
 MILL. 
 
 A grist-mill, on section 26, on ilill Creek, is the 
 only establishment of the kind in the town. It 
 was built by Dr. Nathan Stanton in 1861, and be- 
 gan to run in 1862. Isaac Crow bought the mill 
 the next year, and operated it until his death, 
 which occurred in 1872. James Till bought it 
 of the heirs, and sold it in 1878 to its present 
 owner, J. Balme. It has two runs of stone, and 
 has used water power wholly initil within three 
 years. Low water has since compelled the par- 
 tial use of steam. 
 
 STORES, HOTELS, ETC. 
 
 The first store in town was built by Howe & 
 Dunn, at the proposed village of Hennepin, in 
 1854. In the same year a building was erected 
 near the mill, for the double purpose of store and 
 hotel, by Mr. Dudley. The property soon passed 
 into the hands of A. I. Apgar. He kept open 
 the hotel but closed the store, and it continued 
 thus until destroyed by fire in 1867. A small 
 
 store was also opened in the fall of 1880 at the 
 station, by Jacob Rankins. A postoftice was es- 
 tablished in 1854, with J. Staring as first post^ 
 master. Mr. Staring held the office fourteen 
 years. His son, M. S. Staring, carried the mail 
 to and from Bloomington. This was six miles 
 distant, and the nearest point on the old stage 
 line. He made weekly trips for eighteen months, 
 and received for his services for the entire time, 
 twelve dollars. This office is kept at present by 
 H. Goodrich, who also has a store, established 
 nine years ago. 
 
 IIAILKOADS. 
 
 The Minneapolis & St. Louis railroad enters 
 the town on the north, near the northwest corner 
 of section 3, and passes out at the southwest, 
 through section 30. The dep(rt is situated near 
 the middle of the town, on section 17. A second 
 postoftice is located near the deimt, called AVash- 
 burn. The track of this road was laiil and the 
 station built in November, 1871. The first agent 
 was R. O. Reed, who continued until June 16th. 
 1872, when the present agent took the position. 
 Another railroad, the Hastings & Dakota Cut 
 Off, passes through the northwestern part of the 
 town, built in 1880. 
 
 STATISTICS. 
 
 Total number of acres in the township, 19,783. 
 Assessed valuation of land in 1869, 887,373; in 
 1875, S174,766; in 1880, $266,303. Personal prop- 
 erty in 1869, 826,737: in 1875, 830.116: in 1880, 
 838,293. Total taxes in 1869, 82,314; in 1875, 
 $2,486; in 1880, $2,412. Horses over two years 
 old in 1869, 156; inl875.2.30: in 1880, 284. Cattle 
 over two years old in ISOO, 448; in 1875, 564; in 
 1880,498. Sheep in 1869, 500; in 1875, 112; in 
 1880, 391. Hogs in 1869, 125; in 1875, 112; in 
 1880, 313. Wheat in 1869, 22,593 bushels; in 
 1875, 28,107 bushels; in 1880, acreage, 3,509. 
 The population by the census of 1880 is 749. 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL. 
 
 Prominent among the early settlers here are 
 the Andersons, three generations of whom are 
 now living in the town, and niunber upwards of 
 one hundred. Robert Anderson was born 
 in Knocknabossett, county Cavan, Ireland, in 
 1824. Remained with his father until the age 
 of twenty-six, being employed in milling and
 
 234 
 
 HISTORY OF HESNEPiy COUNTY. 
 
 farming. In 1850 came to America, arriving at 
 (Galena, Illinois, November 5th, where he spent 
 four yeare farming. Came to Minnesota. April. 
 1854. first stopping inBloominglon. then to Eden 
 Prairie where he has since resided. February. 
 1850. married Miss Mary J. Hill, daughter of 
 John and Elizabeth Hill, of Ireland. From this 
 union nine children \\ ere born ; Tliose now liv- 
 ing: John H.. Samuel G.. Robert J.. Mary 
 J.. Anna E.. Joseph M.. Margaret E. and 
 Agnes E. When he came to this region there 
 was but one store in ^linneapolis on the west 
 side, and no settler between Fort Snelling and 
 Bloominglon except Rev. Gideon H. Pond and one 
 Frencli family. Into this wilderness he brought 
 his family by way of the Minnesota River on the 
 rickety little steamer lola. This little craft be- 
 came partially disabled on the way up. obliging 
 the passengers to carry wood and \^ater to keep 
 her in motion. This pastime was indulged in 
 several times during the journey from St. Paul. 
 to the general annoyance of the passengers. !Mr. 
 Anderson has been prominent in matters of ed- 
 ucation, temperance and Christianity: now has a 
 son in the University fitting for the ministry. 
 
 William Anderson was born January 1st, 18:^7, 
 in North Ireland. When sixteen yeare old, his 
 father, a prosperous cottager and mill owner, 
 died, and in 1854 William came with the family 
 to America, settling in Jo Davies county. Illinois, 
 where he attended school one year, then went to 
 Galena to work in a stt)re. where lie remained 
 until tlie fall of 185-5. when he came to Minnesota 
 crcssing the Mississiy)pi at Fort Snelling. and 
 went to Eden Prairie. His niniher made a home- 
 stead claim of the farm he now occupies, on sec- 
 tion l;^ and 14. where she lived to see the third 
 generation of her family : 103 grandchildren and 
 I .'^ great grandchildren. She died in March. 1878. 
 William Anderson married Miss Rachel ^litchell. 
 April listh. 18.58. They have eleven children; 
 Harvey. Martha A.. Lizzie R.. Ida E.. Fannie, 
 Loretta II.. Jennie L.. Julia M.. Alfred W.. Ar- 
 thur H. IL. and Alice P. He has been active in 
 educational and religious matters and largely in- 
 terested in the erection of the three churches in 
 Uie township. Was one of a few who hewed and 
 hauled the logs for the first school-house in his 
 district, in 1856. Two of his children are now 
 attending the High School in Minneapolis. 
 
 James Anderson was bom in the same town 
 in Ireland, as his brothers Robert and William. 
 His early life, like that of his brothers, was de- 
 voted to milling and farming. In 1852 he came 
 to America. Lived one year in Hanover. Illinois. 
 In 1853 came to Minnesota and located where he 
 has since lived, on section 14. In common with 
 other pioneer settlers, he staked out his ■■claim."" 
 which he siibse(|uently secured by pre-emption 
 and entry. In the spring of 1854 brought his 
 family from Illinois, coming from St. Paul on the 
 steamer lola. Was married February irtth. 1852. 
 to Miss Sarah Hicks, of Cavau county, Ireland. 
 Have had nine children. Robert IL, Eliza J.. 
 John W.. Tliomas. Matilda. James. David H., 
 Robert, and a son who died in infancy. 
 
 John II. .Vuderson was born at Camp Creek, 
 near Galena. Illinois. November 7th, 18.50. When 
 four yeais of age he came with his parents to 
 Eden Prairie and remained witli his father until 
 the age of twenty-three, receiving a common 
 school education, with one term at the graded 
 school in Excelsior. Married January 2d. 1874. 
 to Miss Ida E., daughter of Aaron and Matilda 
 Gould. Has two children. Edward W.. and Jen- 
 nie G. Owns a good farm one mile east of Eden 
 Prairie station. 
 
 AVilliam V. Bryant, for manv veare a resident 
 of Eden Prairie, was born in Saco, York county. 
 Maine. March 21s1.1n21. Is a lineal descendant 
 of Stephen Br>ant. of the old Plymouth colonies, 
 and of the same family line with AVilliam CuUen 
 Bryant. His father. John Bryant, was a seafar- 
 ing man. and died in 1820. At the age of thir- 
 teen. William went to Salem and learned the sad- 
 dlers" trade, remaining until 1836. then sought 
 adventure upon the ocean, his first service being 
 with Commodore M. C. Perry, of the steamer 
 Fulton, the first steamer built by the U. S. gov- 
 ernment. Also sailed on the ships Admiral and 
 Henry Clay : was three yeai-s on the whaler 
 America, in Pulaski Bay, Prussian possessions. 
 During eighteen years of ocean life, visited many 
 places of historic interest, sailing around the 
 world, and encountering many thrilling adven- 
 tures and remarkable preservations. In 1852, 
 abandoned ocean life, and in May. was married to 
 Miss Hannah Shepherd, of Boston. Mass. Six chil- 
 dren have been born to them: Sarah L., Blanche 
 M.. Martha A.. WiUiam M.. Rose A., and John
 
 EBEN PBAIRIE—BIOGBAPHICAL. 
 
 235 
 
 M., only four of whom are living. Came to St. 
 Paul in July, 1852; remained one year, then 
 removed to St. Anthony, remainin;^ there for 
 eight months, then removed to his iireseut loea- 
 tion. 
 
 Nathaniel Brown has lieen a resident of Min- 
 nesota since 1855, and of Hennepin county since 
 1874. Was bom in Tranklin county, N. Y., Nov. 
 iith, 1825, and in early childhood accompanied 
 liis parents to Indiana, from which place the 
 family removed to Fulton county, Illinois, in 
 18-10. Soon after this, his father died and he went 
 with the family to Des Moines county, Iowa, where 
 he remained on a farm iox aliout nine years. !Marcli 
 10th, 1853, married Miss Harriet N. Van Nice. 
 Have had eight children, seven of whom are liv- 
 ing: Rosa Belle, Stephen E., Frank A., Clara L.. 
 Sadie, Oscar II.. and Cliarles L. He entered the 
 army in 186-t, enlisting in Co. A., 4th Minn. Inf. 
 Veterans. Was with the regiment through Sher- 
 man's march to the sea. Received his discharge 
 at Louisville, Ky.; in 1865. Returned to his 
 family in Scott county, where lie liad removed 
 from Iowa in 1855, remained tliere until 1874, 
 when he sold his farm and located at his present 
 place. 
 
 James A, Brown, is a native of Cavan county, 
 Ireland, where he was born, July 8, 1849. His 
 father, who was a farmer, kept him at scliool 
 until sixteen years of age. In the fall of 1866 
 the family came to America, locating near (ialena, 
 Illinois, and the following year, removed to Eden 
 Prairie. In 1875, bought the farm lie now lives 
 on, five miles east of Shakopee, on the nortli 
 bank of the Minnesota river. Married Jliss 
 Mary X. Dean. March 21, 1877; have two child- 
 ren, Edward J. and William R. Mr. and ]Mrs. 
 Brown are members of the Presbyterian church 
 and take a lively interest in educational matters. 
 
 AVilliam O. Collins, who tigures conspicuously 
 in the early history of Eden Prairie, is a native 
 of Canada. Was born December 6,1812. Until 
 eighteen years of age remained with his parents, 
 on the farm, and when twenty years of age went 
 to Vermont, remaining there one year, then to 
 New York, learning the canienter"s trade, fol- 
 lowing it for two years. Returned to Canada 
 and married Miss Isabella Latta, December 27, 
 1836. Of eight children the result of this union, 
 three are now living. Entered the British army 
 
 in 1837, during the Rebellion in Canada, and 
 remained in her Majesty's service two years. 
 Removed to Massachusetts in 1842. remained two 
 years, went back to Canada where he remained 
 until 1854, when he sought a home in the West, 
 locating in Hennepin county in 1855, on the farm 
 where he now lives. In 1866 his liuildings, valued 
 at S3.U00, were destroyeil l>y fire. Mr. ('i)llins 
 is a member of the M. E. Chuicli and still active 
 in all public affairs. 
 
 James Clark was born Marcli 17, 1836, in Don- 
 egal county, Ireland, and came with his parents 
 to America in 1843. The journey here was one 
 of extreme peril, and well-nigh proved fatal. 
 The steamer they emltarked on. encountered a 
 severe storm and was beached on the Isle of Man ; 
 sailed to Liverpool, and from there to America, 
 landing at New York. August 1843, located in 
 Brooklyn, where, after leaving school, James was 
 engaged in carpenter work until 1855, when the 
 family came to Minnesota, settling in Eden 
 Prairie. James remained in St. Paul, at his trade 
 for about two years, after which he went to New 
 York and in 1861 married Miss Prudence Sterritt, 
 who bore him ten children, all living except one. 
 Returned to Minnesota in 1862. and. leaving his 
 family here, went South and was employed at his 
 trade in the Quartermaster's Department of 
 Maj. General Thomas' command. In 1864. went 
 to Illinois in tlie employment of the Chicago and 
 Alton R. R. Co. April 1865, went to St. Louis, 
 and Sedalia. Missouri, returning to his family in 
 October. In 1868 went to Tennessee, remained 
 there sixteen months. After the death of his 
 father, in 1878, he settled on tlie old homestead, 
 where he has since remained. 
 
 John Cavanaugh was born in King's county, 
 Ireland, June, 1831, and lived with his father un- 
 til twenty-two years of age ; came to America ; 
 spent one year on Long Island, tlien tried the 
 fortunes of the sea, sailing on the •' James Ad- 
 gers " and the " Nashville," plying between South 
 Carolina and New York. After this, spent two 
 years at Cooperstown, and in 1857 i-ame to St. 
 Paul ; from there to Shakopee, where he remamed 
 eighteen months. 1858, married Miss Ellen Mo- 
 riarty. Twelve children have l)een born to them. 
 The living are George S., John R., Henry, Mary 
 L., James O., Charles A., Eugene F., and Ellen 
 A. In 1858, purchased the farm where he now
 
 236 
 
 HISTOEY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 lives, which is pleasantly situated north of Lake 
 Riley. 
 
 "William ¥. IIull)eit was born in Pittsfield. 
 Michigan, in 1837 ; removed with his parents to 
 Ann Arbor in 1854 ; attended school one year, 
 then engaged in farming until 1861, when lie 
 came to Eden Prairie, and bought a tract of land. 
 In the fall returned to Michigan, and in Decem- 
 ber, 1863, married Miss Rachel Booth, of Lodi, 
 Michigan, who has borne him two children. Has 
 been active in educational matters, and several 
 times a menil)er of the town board. His pleas- 
 ant farm residence, is about one mile from the 
 station of Eden Prairie. 
 
 "William J. Jarrett was born September 14Ui. 
 1823, in Lehigh county. Pennsylvania ; attended 
 the Moravian school until tifteen years of age. 
 In 1838. removed to x^llentown. and engaged in 
 farming until 1840 ; went to Philadelphia as cur- 
 rier, for a short time ; thence to Mauch Cliunk, 
 following the same trade until the spring of 1857, 
 when lie came to St. Anthony, and engaged witli 
 his brother in the Jarrett House, for a short time ; 
 thence to Eden Prairie. "Wliile in Pennsylvania, 
 married Miss Susan Detwiler. of Maneh Chunk : 
 has had six cliildren. live of wliom are living. 
 Has been a been a menil)er of the town lioard 
 several times. 
 
 II. E. Lowell, is a native nf New Hampshire. 
 Born in Sullivan county, February 6th. "25. Re- 
 ceived an academic education, attending school at 
 "West Boylston, and completed Ids studies at "Wil- 
 braliam. Mash. Was principal of the Academy at 
 Colebrook. Ot.. for two years. In 1853 came to 
 Hudson,\V is., thence to St. Paul,where he engaged 
 in dairy liusiuess with L. t\ < 'ollins. In the spring 
 of 1854 he made a lumiestead claim in t'arver coun- 
 ty, in the town of Chanhassen. and engaged in 
 farming and stock-raising until 1863 ; sold, and 
 moved to Excelsior, spending six years in the em- 
 ploy of tlie Xortliwestern Life Insurance Co. 
 Then went to fruit-growing. After a few years 
 of experimental culture, enlarged his business by 
 purchasing the farm on which he now lives, one 
 and a half miles southwest from Eden Praire 
 Station. Planted ten acres to trees, and has been 
 very successful in developing some choice varie- 
 ties of apples and small fruits. Married, in 18.5:2, 
 Miss Maria Holmau. of Wilbraham, Mass. Had 
 five children, four now living. 
 
 Andrew "W. Mitchell was born in Bally Bay, 
 
 I Monaghan county. Ireland, February 14th, 1831. 
 
 Came with liis father's family to- America in 18.52, 
 
 I arriving at New Orleans May 1 st. Came from there 
 
 i to St. Anthony by steamer. In July his father 
 
 1 made claims in Eden Prairie, upon whicli they 
 
 I settled in the fall. His father died January 10, 
 
 1866. The subject of this sketch was married 
 
 September 10, 1857, to Miss Francis Anderson. 
 
 I They have live children. Elizabeth A., Andrew 
 
 "W. Jr.. Martha J.. Fanny and Henry H. Their 
 
 pleasant rural home is in the central part of the 
 
 I town, and north of Staring Lake. 
 
 Thomas Ohm. was born in (iermany. February 
 10th. 1829. lived with his parents until the age of 
 fifteen, and came to America in '48, stopped in Mil- 
 waukee a short time ; tlience to Galena, Illinois, 
 where he remained for two years. Came to Min- 
 nesota in 1851 : located in Carver county, after- 
 wards removed to Eden Prairie. Was married 
 1 June. 1856. to Miss Mary Easier of Illinois. 
 They have had eleven children ; six are now 
 hving: Chas. T.. Mary A.. Alfred IL, JohnH., 
 I Mary M.. and Anna L. He enlisted August, 
 1864. in Company F. 11th Miiniesota "\'olunteers, 
 was in General Thomas' cumniand eleven months : 
 returned in 1865. when he sold his farm in 
 Carver county and bought land adjoining his 
 Eden Prairie home on section 6. 
 
 William B. Paine, was born in Somerset county, 
 Maine. September loth, 1814. He lived witli his 
 father, and attended school until he reached the 
 age of twenty-one. In 1855. he came to ^linne- 
 sota, and pre-empted the farm on which his son 
 I Ezra now lives. He has owned several tracts of 
 land in Eden Prairie. In .March. 1840. he was 
 married to Miss Rci.sanna Kempton. of Maine; 
 she died in 1868. They had six children, three of 
 whom are now living. 
 
 Peter Ritchie, was born in Canada. October 19. 
 1828. At the age of twenty-two, went toCoUin- 
 wood and engaged in mercantile business, then 
 removed to Pickering, and established a whole- 
 sale cigar house. Married Miss JIargaret Kidd 
 in 1854. Have had eight cliildren. seven of whom 
 are liraig. Came to St. Paul in the fall of 18.56, 
 remained there during the winter, then settled in 
 what is now Acton. Meeker county, which town 
 he named. This town has since become noted as 
 the place where the first blood was shed in the
 
 EDEN PRAIRIE -BIOGRAPHICAL. 
 
 237 
 
 Indian massacre of 1862. Went to Canada this 
 year on account of the Indian outrages, and re- 
 turned in 1864. Lived in Scott countj' six years. 
 Rented the farm he has since bouglit, situated on 
 Minnesota river, where Ire does quite a freighting 
 business, using his own barge. 
 
 Matthew O. Kiley was l)orn in Ireland in 1830. 
 Attended scliool until fifteen years of age. Came 
 to America in the spring of 1845. Worlced 
 in a cotton factory in Lowell, Massachusetts; also 
 on the Meredith Bridge pidjlic works. Then 
 to farming in Massachusetts until 1852, when lie 
 came to Minnesota. Went from St. Paul to Sauk 
 Rapids on the steamer Governor Ramsey. Re- 
 turned to St. Anthony, spending some time in 
 the St. Charles Hotel, then rimning a ferry-boat 
 at Fort Snelling. In 1853 located where lie now 
 lives. JIarried Miss Elizabeth Austin, July 22d, 
 1858. Had live children, three now living: James 
 F., Elizabeth, and Margaret. ^Ir. Riley is one 
 of the oldest settlers of the county. 
 
 Jonas Staring, born in Herkimer county, New 
 York, May 6th, 1809. His father died when he was 
 eight years old, and the family located in Lewis 
 county, Xew York, where he followed farming 
 for ten years. Carried on a grocery for two years 
 at Little Falls, Xew York. Went to boating on 
 the Erie canal, captain of the Erin, a freight and 
 passenger boat. Bought and run the packet boat 
 Ann Allen, four seasons. Sold out, went to In- 
 diana, and run a boat on the Wabash & Erie 
 canal. His health failing he returned to New 
 York. At Utica he established a large clothing 
 house, employing 380 persons. Came to Minne- 
 sota in 1854, bought his present location, built a 
 house, the first frame in the town, and soon 
 moved his family here. Married Miss Hannah 
 De Voe in 1833. Had five children, two now 
 living: Myron S. and ^lary A. 
 
 John H. Staring was born in Marthisburgh, 
 N. Y., August 26th, 1830. At nine years of age, 
 removed to Jefferson county, where he remained 
 until twenty-one years of age. Went as sailor 
 on the brigs " Manchester,'" " Northern Light "" 
 and '• New York." Came to Eden Prairie in 
 1856, remaining there for five years, and in Jlin- 
 ueapolis one year. ^larried Miss ]Margaretta 
 Brewster, April 28th, 1861, by whom he had 
 nine children, six now living: Matilda M., Net- 
 tie F., Cora A., Ada M., Sarah J. and John H. 
 
 Barnard C. Stewart was born in St. Louis, Mo., 
 Aug. 8. 'bQ. Hisfather came to Minnesota when 
 Barnard was one year old and bought the farm 
 on which he now lives on section twenty-seven. 
 Attended school until eighteen. November 12th, 
 1879, married Miss Addie Cooper, of Blooming- 
 ton. They have one child, Mary .1. 
 
 C. B. Tirrell, was born September 25th, 1836, 
 in Androscoggin county, Maine. He received his 
 education at the Lewiston Fall Academy. At 
 the age of eighteen he came to Minnesota, and in 
 the summer of 1855, taught one term of scliool in 
 St. Anthony. After this, he came to Eden Prairie, 
 and taught the first winter school in the town, 
 during the winter of 1855-6. In the fall of 1855, 
 his father came to Eden Prairie, and ])re-enipted 
 the farm now owned by Chesley. In 18.iS, he went 
 to Shakopee, began the study of law, and was 
 admitted to the bar, March, 1860. He practiced 
 with L. L. Baxter, in Chfiska, and in 1861 enlisted 
 in Company C, First Minnesota Infantry, and 
 served until discharged for disability, in 1864. 
 
 E. A. Tucke) was born in Chenango county, 
 N. Y.. August 17th, 1826. At twenty-one started 
 for the North-west, visiting Detroit, Chicago. 
 Galena and Mackinaw. Returned to New York 
 and worked at the carpenter trade until he came 
 West in 1855 and settled in Scott county. Re- 
 niauied there fourteen years; then went to Lake 
 Crystal and was engaged in business about two 
 years. In the meantime, bought his present place 
 on section twenty-seven, Eden Prairie. Served 
 three years in Company A. Fourth ^Minnesota Vol- 
 unteer Infantry, participating in the battles of 
 Corinth and luka, in the siege of Yicksburg, 
 and in Sherman's march to the .sea. Returned 
 home in the fall of 1864. Alarried Miss Marcina 
 Baxter, of Steuben county, N. Y., in 18-50. Ten 
 children have been born to them, eight of whom 
 are now living: Selah P., ZellaM., Ann M.. Emma 
 M., Abbie A.. Ida R., Edson N. and Harry H. 
 
 Jacob Wolf was bom in Prussia in 1828, and 
 came to this country in 1S47. After various bus- 
 iness ventures in the East he visited the North- 
 west and in 1854 came to Minnesota and located 
 on his present farm in 1S55. Has been twice 
 married, his union with his present wife occurring 
 in 1875. Has three children by his present wife 
 and three by his first. Ilis residence is on sec- 
 tion twenty-six.
 
 238 
 
 mSTOBY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 MINNETONKA. 
 
 CHAPTER XXXIX. 
 
 GENERAL DESCRIPTION— FIRST SEITLERS— OR- 
 GANIZATION— POST OFFICES— OFFICIAL ROS- 
 TER—TILLAGES CHURCHES SOCIETIES 
 
 SCHOOLS— HOTELS— MILLS— RAILROADS— BIO- 
 GRAPHICAL. 
 
 Jliiinetonka. is located in the southern part of 
 Hennepin county, and was covered with a lieavy 
 growth of timber in the %Yestern portion of the 
 town, and with a light growth of underbrush in 
 the eastern part. The surface is rolling, with 
 occasional mounds of considerable height. The 
 soil is principally a sandy loam, while in some 
 portions of the eastern part, a clay loam appears. 
 A number of Lakes are scattered over the town, 
 the principle one being Shady Oak Lake, which is 
 a beautiful body of water, located in the south- 
 east part. Gray's Lake, a large body of water, is 
 located on Section 8, in the north-western part. 
 Glenn Lake, in the southern part on section 34, 
 Crane Lake, in the north-eastern part on section 2 
 and Shell Lake on Section 14. Wayzata bay, the 
 eastern arm of Lake Minnetonka, is in tlie north- 
 western part of the town, and many fine cottages 
 now adorn its banks. 
 
 FIRST SETTLEMENT. 
 
 The first settlers in the town were Simon Ste- 
 vens and James Shaver, Jr., who came in the 
 spring of 18-52, Mr. Stevens locating on section 15. 
 This was before land could be entered, obliging 
 ilr. Shaver and Mr. Stevens to build a shanty and 
 occupy it to hold possession, until such a time as 
 they could legally enter and secure it. On ac- 
 count of a valualile mill site, Mr. Shaver located 
 his claim on sections 17 and 18, on the south shore 
 of Wayzata Bay. Mrs. James Shaver was the 
 first white woman in the town. Later in the 
 year, came James Mountain, Mrs. Mary Gordon 
 and five sons. John McGalpin, George Andrews, 
 
 and John Bourgeois. Mrs. Gordon settled on 
 what is now the county poor farm. James iloun- 
 tain. after remaining a short time, sold his claim 
 and left. George Andrews sold his claim early 
 the following spring to Mr. J. P. Miller. 
 
 Jlr. Bourgeois and Mr. McGalpin built a shanty 
 on the east shore of Wayzata bay. on a spot now 
 known as "Bourgeois" Mound." There they 
 remained imtil the sprmg of 18-53, when they 
 moved into what afterwards became the village 
 of ^linnetonka. 
 
 Here Mr. Bourgeois built the first blacksmith 
 shop west of St. Anthony. That same spring 
 Simon Stevens, Calvin Tuttle. Horace Webster 
 and others began the erection of a saw mill, 
 which they completed and had in operation that 
 fall, on the site now occupied by the Jlinuetonka 
 Mills. 
 
 Mrs. James Shaver, the pioneer woman of the 
 town, did the cooking for the men who worked 
 on the mill. From the 8th of November, 18-52, 
 until the 24th of Jan.. 18-53. she never saw a white 
 woman. At that time ilr. O. E. Garrison and 
 A. B. Robinson came with tlieir families and 
 settled on the present site of Wayzata. Mr. Rob- 
 inson building his shanty on the spot where the 
 Arlington House now stands. Later in 1853, 
 came Mr. J. P. Miller, Pascal Spafford, "W. S. 
 Chowen, W. B. Harrington, A. X. Gray, Samuel 
 Bartow. Horace Webster. R. E. McKinney, and 
 D. E. Dow. Pascal Spafford built the second 
 building in the village of Minnetonka, and occu- 
 pied it as a store, which was the first store in 
 the town. Some of the early settlei-s have 
 left the town, among ^\hom are O. E. Garrison, 
 now in St. Cloud, Simon Stevens at Clearwater, 
 Horace "W^ebster near the same place, Calvin Tut- 
 tle at Two Rivers, and W. B. Harrington who died 
 at Hutchinson. McLeod county several years ago. 
 Most of the others are still living in the town, 
 ilany incidents connected with the early history
 
 MINNETONKA— ORGANIZATION. 
 
 239 
 
 of the towii might be mentioned would the 
 limits of this work permit. One, however, 
 is deserving of special notice. The Indian 
 chief, Little Six, and his band of braves, 
 camped on Wayzata Bay, near the present 
 site of Wayzata village, during the winter of 1852 
 and 1853, returning every winter following until 
 the outbreak of the Sioux in 1862. Although they 
 were not considered particularly dangerous, they 
 were a constant source of annoyance on account 
 of their begging and pilfering propensities. Lit- 
 tle Six was considered an exemplary Indian, who 
 was cleanly, manly and brave, but his son, Little 
 Six, as frequently happens with the sons of white 
 sires, was of a different type. He was a drunken, 
 worthless vagabond. Let him see a bottle, and a 
 demand for it was immediately in order, no mat- 
 ter what was in it, especially if it was in the 
 possession of a woman. This was the fatal snare 
 he fell into, after the massacre. Knowing this 
 habit, a bottle was drugged and given to a woman 
 who lived where he was supposed to be sure of 
 visiting. He came, saw the bottle, demanded it, 
 and eagerly drank of its contents and was soon 
 under the influence of the drug, when he was 
 secured and afterwards hung witli '-Medicine 
 Bottle " at Fort Snelling. 
 
 In the sprmg of 1854, settlement became more 
 rapid, and the town began to take on the apiiear- 
 ance of civilization. As each new settler came, 
 he added strength to the number, as well as in- 
 creasing its material prosperity. One remarkable 
 as well as pleasing feature in connection with the 
 history of this town, is the fact that the people 
 have very little use for a Justice of the Peace, or a 
 Constable. Their office has been almost entirely 
 nominal. 
 
 The tirst white children born in the town were 
 Bayard T. and Bernard G. Shaver, twin sons of 
 James and Sarah C. Shaver, in August, 1853. 
 Bayard teaches school in the winter and works on 
 the farmer in the siunmer. Bernard is a carpen- 
 ter and joiner. Xo more births occurred until 
 February 1855, when S. M. Bartow was born. 
 
 The first death occurred in June, 1855; that of 
 Mr. Waters, who had just arrived \^ith his family 
 from Pennsylvania, having contracted the cholera 
 on board the boat upon which he took passage. 
 It occurred about a week after his arrival. Like 
 all new communities, the people heartilv sympa- 
 
 thized with his bereaved family, doing all they 
 could to ameliorate their sad condition. Nearly 
 the entire population attended the funeral. The 
 coffin was made by Mr. A. X. C4ray, and the body 
 buried in Groveland Cemetery. His wife, now 
 living in Excelsior, has since been twice married. 
 A few days later a Mr. Jordan died of the same 
 disease, and soon after a young man at Wayzata, 
 followed in a few days by the mother of Mr. O. 
 E. Garrison. The latter death was caused by 
 fright, she being an old lady and quite feeble. 
 
 The first marriage in the town, was Newton 
 Sperry to Mrs. Waters, in the spring of 1857, at 
 the house of W. S. Chowen. The ceremony was 
 jjerformed liy James Shaver, .lustice of the Peace, 
 he being the first one to hold that office in the 
 town previous to its organization. 
 
 The first citizen of the town elected to the state 
 legislature was W. S. Chowen, who was elected 
 in the fall of 1857. and served until March. 1858. 
 
 ORCiANIZ.M'ION. 
 
 The first meeting for the organization of the 
 township occurred on the eleventh of May, 18.58, 
 at what was then the Minnetonka Hotel, part of 
 which is now the residence of ('. H. Burwelhand 
 Samuel Bartow was chosen chairman, pro tern., 
 B. M. Vanalstine, clerk, pro tem., with L. W. 
 Eastman for moderator. On motion, it was voted 
 unanimously, tliat Minnetonka lie the name of the 
 town. The electors then proceeded to ballot for 
 town officers, and elected for Supervisors. Fred- 
 erick Bassett. chairman, B. ^I. A'analsline and 
 J. P. Miller ; Clerk, George McKinley ; Assessor, 
 L. W. Eastman ; Collector, H. R. Eddy ; Over- 
 seer of the Poor, John McGann ; Constables, M. 
 B. Stone, A. E. Richards ; Justices of the Peace, 
 A. B. Robinson, J. C. Clay ; Road Overseer, John 
 McKenzie. The first meeting of the board was 
 held at the office of the Town Clerk, in the vil- 
 lage of Mmnetonka, May 28th, 1858. No busi- 
 ness of importance was transacted, and they ad- 
 journed to meet June 21, 1858. At this meeting 
 the road districts of the town were divided, and 
 numbered, one, two, three, and four, respectively. 
 The second town meeting was held in the village 
 of Minnetonka, April 5th, 1859, at the ^linne- 
 tonka Hotel. The first wagon road laid out by 
 the town, was called the Harrington road. It 
 was surveyed by B. F. Christleib, and reported
 
 240 
 
 HISTOEY OF SENNEPJN COUNTY. 
 
 by him to the town board. January 21st, 1860. 
 It began at J. S. Harrington's house, near the 
 lake sliore, and ran in a northeasterly direction, 
 until it intersected the Watertown road, about a 
 mile west of the village of Wayzata. 
 
 POST OFFICES. 
 
 The first post office in the to-mi was estabUshed 
 at Mmnetoiika early In the year of 18o5, and Pas- 
 cal Spafi'ord appointed the first postmaster. 
 He was succeeded by George McKinley, who 
 held it until 1861, when A. B. Robinson was ap- 
 pointed, and held it until he enlisted in the army. 
 Then Calvin A. Tuttle was appointed. Late 
 in 186-1, Thomas Morse was appointed, and the 
 office was moved to his residence, on the east side 
 of section IT. In 1867, M. A. Page was appointed 
 and the office moved back to ]SIinnetonka, where 
 it has since remained. E. E. Perkins was ap- 
 pointed in April 1868. followed by II. M. Yroman 
 in 1870, George Browning in 1874. II. M. Yroman 
 again in 1875 and C. H. Burwell in 1876: he is the 
 present postmaster. 
 
 The second post office in the town was estab- 
 lished at AVayzata in 18oo, and a Mr. Chapman 
 appointed postmaster, with A. W. Day. deputy, 
 who subsequently was appointed postmaster, his 
 wife attending to the duties of the office. Of her, 
 many amusuig stories are told. One of them was. 
 that when parties called for their mail, the old 
 lady would reach do\^^l mto the capacious depths 
 of her pocket and draw out the package of letters, 
 carefully look them over and give out the letters, 
 if any, and return the rest to her '• petticoated " 
 post office. She also had a very inquisitive mind. 
 Well, what woman has not ? Particularly, when 
 an unopened letter is passuig through her hands. 
 Wm. Dudley was appomted to the office in 18-58, 
 and continued until 1862, when it was discontin- 
 ued. In the spring of 186-5. the office was re- 
 established and named Freeport, and A. O. Mat- 
 son appointed postmaster. The people doing 
 business through the office, particularly the old 
 settlers, were not pleased with the new name, and 
 it was finally changed to Wayzata again, late in 
 1866. In 1867 Mr. C. E. Stimpson was appointed, 
 and remamed until .July. 1869. He was succeeded 
 by J. S. Harrington ijil870. J.T.Dudley in 1872. 
 G. W. Hedderiy in 1874: November 16, 1874,' A. 
 
 K. Richards; May 8th, 1879, G. W. Hedderiy was 
 again appointed, and now holds the office. 
 
 South Plymouth post office was estabUshed soon 
 after the office at Wayzata was vacated, and located 
 about a mile and a half east. F. A. Clay was 
 appointed postmaster, and held the office until the 
 re-establishment of the office at Wayzata. when 
 the Soutli Plymouth office was discontinued. 
 
 OFFICIAL ROSTER. 
 
 The present officers for the town are: Super- 
 visors. W. S. Choweu. B. F. Keesling. J. B. Jack- 
 son; Town Clerk, D. M. Burwell: Treasurer, G. 
 M. Bumes; Assessor, E. W. Bartow; Justices of 
 the Peace. D. M. Burwell. J. 11. Empenger; Con- 
 stable, F. L. Perkins. 
 
 Population of the township of Minnetonka, in- 
 cluding villages. 1.974. It contains 21.712 acres 
 of land, which was assessed m 1880 at $282,2-54. 
 Town lots, SI 2.291. The assessed valuation of 
 personal property for the same year was $41,683. 
 Total amount of taxes for 1880, 83,817. 
 
 VILLAGES. 
 
 The \'illage of Wayzata is located in the north- 
 western part of the town, on the Breckenridge 
 di\ision of the St. P., M. & M. E. E.. and was 
 laid out by O. E. Garrison in 18-54. who erected a 
 steam saw-mill and run it about a year, then sold 
 it to parties who took it down and moved it. Af- 
 ter making a few other improvements, he sold his 
 interest to L. C. Walker, a non-resident, who 
 took little interest in the viUage, and its progress 
 was slow. After his death in 1862. the property 
 was in such a condition that it could not be sold 
 until a few years ago. Since then a little in- 
 crease in the population has been made. Has 
 one general store and one grocery and confection- 
 ery store. ArUngton. Gleason, and iliunetonka 
 Hotels, open only for summer visitors. A tem- 
 perance society was organized in 1877 with about 
 fifty members. Tliere is a tine school-house, 
 which was erected in 1S70. with sixty scholars 
 attending. The tliird school in the town was 
 taught here. 
 
 The village of Minnetonka was laid out by 
 Messrs. Stevens, Tuttle and Webster, in 1854 on 
 section five. The platted portion of it comprises 
 about thirty-five acres. Only a few buildings oc- 
 cupy the platted part, most of them being built 
 on land owned by the iliimetonka MOl Company.
 
 MINNETONKA— CHURCHES, SCHOOLS, ETC. 
 
 241 
 
 One store is all tliere is at present. It is located 
 on the line of tlie St. Panl, Minneapolis &. Man- 
 itoba Railroad. The Minnetonlva brancli of tlie 
 Minneapolis & St. Louis, runs through tlie south 
 part of the village. In January, 1881. Mr. C. M. 
 Loring, of Minneapolis, President of tlie Miiine- 
 tonkaMill Company, donated a number of books 
 and magazines to the people of the village for the 
 purpose of estalilishing a free library, with J. C. 
 Emmet for librarian. It is named " Tlie Lor- 
 ing Library," and is located in the office of the 
 Minnetouka Mill Company. 
 
 CHURCHES. 
 
 St. John's Church. P'piscopal, is located in the 
 west of Minnetouka village, and was Iniilt by the 
 Rev. J. S. Chamberlain, a pioneer missionary, in 
 18.58, and consecrated by Bishop Kemper at that 
 time. In 18o7-'8 the village declined and with 
 it the church. In November, 1872, Rev. Dr. 
 Kiiickerbacker took hold of it, had it enlarged, 
 re-modeled and painted. It was consecrated by 
 Bishop Whipple, Dec. 2d, 1872. Since that time 
 services have been maintained twice a month. 
 About fifteen families are connected with it, and 
 it has a Sunday-school of about thirty members. 
 D. M. Burwell, superintendent. 
 
 Bohemian Catholic Church. This structure 
 was begun in the fall of 1879. and located on 
 section 36. Have no regular preaching, but have 
 readings by some member every Sunday. 
 
 Presbyterian. The protestant element of the 
 Bohemian settlement, have regular weekly meet- 
 ings at the houses of the members. J. H. Empen- 
 ger and Frank Bren act as readers. The>^are 
 now preparing to build a church. 
 
 SOCIETIES. 
 
 Miimetonka Lodge of Good Templars was 
 organized in 1867 with a large membership, and 
 was one of the prominent lodges of the county. 
 It has been in a flourishing condition. 
 
 Minnetonka Grange of the Patrons of Hus- 
 bandry, No. 327, was organized July 28th, 1873, 
 with yv. S. Chowen, M.; Winslow Baker, O.; E. 
 R. Perkins, Lect., C. D. Miller, Steward ; II. M. 
 Vroman, Assistant Steward; S. R. Churchill, 
 Chaplain; E. Eidam, Treasurer; A. E. Shaver, 
 Secretary ; L. S. Iledderly, Gate Keeper ; Ceres, 
 Mrs. J. B. Perkins; Flora, Mrs. M. M. Chowen ; 
 Pomona, Mrs. S. C. Shaver ; Lady Assistant 
 
 16 
 
 Steward, Mrs. M. E. Vroman. The membership 
 is now forty-three. Present place of meeting, 
 (iroveland school house. 
 
 SCHOOLS. 
 
 The first school house in the town was built in 
 the present district of -53, in the fall of 18.54, and 
 was a neat log structure, 20x24 feet. First school 
 taught in the summer of 1855, by Miss Mary Car- 
 man — had about ten scholars, now have sixty- 
 five. The log school house was used until 1871, 
 when the present one was built across the 
 road from the old site. It is 24x30 ft., with aseat- 
 ing capacity for sixty. Costing SI, 100. The second 
 school was taught in Minnetonka village by Jiliss 
 Elizabeth Ilainer. They built the present house 
 in the fall of 1875. 
 
 HOTELS. 
 
 Arlington House, Wayzata, was built in the 
 spring of 1880 by Hyser & Brown, at a cost of 
 §25,000, including furniture and fixtures. The 
 main building is 42x150 feet, with a wing 40x75. 
 It has 104 rooms besides parlors, dining rooms, etc. 
 with a capacity for 150 guests ; occupies a beau- 
 tiful site on the north shore of Wayzata bay, just 
 east of the village, commanding a fine view of 
 tlie main lake. 
 
 Minnetonka House, located in the central part 
 of the village of Wayzata, was built in 1870, b) 
 Ileni-y Maurer and William Rockwell, at a cost 
 of $3,500. An addition was put on in 1876, cost- 
 ing SI. 100. It now has a capacity for the accom- 
 modation of fifty guests, and is exclusively a 
 summer hotel. 
 
 (41eason House, located in the central part of 
 the village of Wayzata. was originally built for a 
 simimer boarding house, by A. O. Madison. The 
 present proprietor, Mr. H. L. Gleason, bought it 
 in 1871, built an addition and fitted it up 
 for a summer resort, and now has all the 
 conveniences for the accommodation of thirty 
 guests. 
 
 MII.LS. 
 
 The Minnetonka Mill property, consisting of 
 640 acres of land, with the houses and water 
 power, was bought by T. N. Perkins in 1868, 
 who built a grist mill 44x32, 3J stories high, and 
 put in three runs of stone and other necessary 
 ma(!hinery. In 1870, Edwin Iledderly and H.
 
 li-2 
 
 HISTORY OF HEyyEPIN COUKTY. 
 
 M. Vroman bought the property, and continued 
 the business four years. In 1S74 Loren Fletcher 
 and C. M. LorinR. housht Hedderly's one-half 
 
 interest. 
 
 Messrs. Fletcher. Loriiig & A'roman. in the 
 summer of 1874. organized a stock company to be 
 known as the Minnetonka Mill Company, dating 
 from October 20th, 1874. They immediately re- 
 fitted the mill, adding to it a wing 26.\44 feet, and 
 to the machinery four run of burrs, six puritiers, 
 and considerable other machinery. They built 
 an elevator 30x40. and thirty feet higli, holding 
 about 30,000 bushels, and a warehouse 30x30, 
 three stories high. In 187(5 "\'roman sold his in- 
 terest to Fletcher and Loring. In 1878 the com- 
 pany added to the mill, so that it now stands on the 
 ground 72x58 feet, and four stories high, also 
 adding to the machinery two run of burrs, four 
 setts of rolls, two purifiers, and other machinery. 
 The same year they built an addition to their ware- 
 house, making it 30x74; built an engine-house 
 30x38 feet, and put in a Eeynolds-Corliss engine of 
 one hundred horse-power. Also placed in their 
 wheel-pit a OG-inch American turbine wheel, and 
 are now using both steam and water. The pres- 
 ent equipment of the mill is five runs of stone, 
 eleven double setts of rolls, eleven purifiers, and 
 is now manufacturing 300 barrels of llour per 
 day; has storage for 50,000 bushels of wheat, 
 4,000 barrels of flour and 150 tons of bran. A 
 cooper-shop, 24x80, two stories, with room for 
 thii-ty-two men, supplies tlie mill with barrels. 
 The market for their flour is mainly in New 
 York. Boston and Europe. The mill gives con- 
 stant employment to eighteen men. who are paid 
 as wages, about S10,000per annum. "With the 
 mill are twelve houses, owned by the company, 
 in which the employes reside. This property is 
 on the St. Paul, Minneapolis & ^Manitoba Rail- 
 way, ten miles from Minneapolis, and also on the 
 Minnetonka branch of the Minneapolis & St. Louis 
 Railway. 
 
 St. Albans Mill. Located on Minnehaha Creek. 
 It is 35x45 feet, three stories high, and built in 
 1874, by John Alt & Co.,fora"newprocessmill."" 
 Alt & Co. sold it to Schafer and Fuller, in 
 1876, who finding the water insufficient, put in a 
 thirty horse power engine. They sold in 1878 to 
 R. W. Hanson, who is the present proprietor. 
 
 RAILROADS. 
 
 The St. Paul, Minneapolis and Manitoba Ry. 
 iBreckenridge division! crosses the town north of 
 the center. Tliis road has also a surveyed line, 
 leaving the main line about a mile west of Way- 
 zata, and extending southwest to Lake Minne- 
 tonka. The Minneapolis and St. Louis Railway 
 have a surveyed line partly ironed, leaving their 
 main line at Hopkins Station, and running north- 
 west to the village of ^linnetonka, thence west- 
 erly and crossing the west line of section IS. a 
 short distance south of the quarter post, and ter- 
 minating at present, near the Hotel St. Louis, on 
 the east shore of Lake Minnetonka. The main 
 line of this road, passes through the southeast 
 part of the town. The Benton Cut OflE of the 
 II. & D. division of the Chicago. Milwaukee and 
 St. Paul Railway, crosses the town nearly parallel 
 to the main line of the M. & St. Louis R. R. 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL. 
 
 Samuel Bartow, born in Ohio, April 18th, 1818. 
 When nineteen, bought a farm in Monroe county. 
 Lived there until the fall of 1849, when he lo- 
 cated in Bartholomew county, Indiana. Lived 
 there three years, teaching school part of the 
 time, then went to Council Bluffs. Iowa, and St. 
 Louis. iSIo.i from there by steamer to St. Paul and 
 to Minnetonka. Made a claim to the farm on 
 which he now lives, located on the south shore 
 of Lake Miinietonka. Married in 1839 to Mary 
 McKenney. They have five children. He has 
 held the office of county commissioner and has 
 been prominent in the affairs of the town. 
 
 Robert W. Bartow, born in Monroe county, 
 Oliio, May 10th, 1845. In 1849 moved to Indi- 
 ana, then to Council Bluffs, Iowa. Came to Min- 
 nesota in 1852. and worked with his father on the 
 farm: then bought the one on which he now lives. 
 Married Miss E. M. Page, July, 1869. who died 
 March 17th. 1879. Has two children: Horace B. 
 and Robert W. 
 
 Joseph Bren, born in Bohemia, October 19th, 
 1828. Married September 28th. 1850. to Miss 
 xVnna Phillipi. of Buliemia. In 1854, came to 
 America. Lived in Gallatin, Racine county, 
 Wisconsin, one year. Came to Minnetonka and 
 located where he now lives. Has a fine farm. 
 They have eight children: Joseph. Frank. John, 
 William, Josephine, Edward, Benjamin. George.
 
 MINNETONKA-BIOGBAPEICAL. 
 
 243 
 
 Frank Bren was born in Bohemia, March 26th, 
 1838. Came to America in 18.54. and settled in 
 Minnetonlia; in 1858, bouglit tlie farm on 
 which he now lives, situated two miles from 
 Ilopliins Station. Enlisted Augnst 22d, 1864, 
 in company E, Independent Battallion Cavalry. 
 Discliarged May 1st, 1866. Married September 
 26t!i, 1870, to Josephine Miller. Have eight 
 cliildren. Anna, Frank. Alice, Joseph. Samuel. 
 Daniel, llosa, and Elizabetli. 
 
 Thomas C. Bryant was born in Maine, Decem- 
 ber 10th, 1843. In 1856 he came to Saint Paul, 
 spent one year, then went to Oliio. Enlisted in 
 company B, Third Oliio \'eteran Volunteer Cav- 
 alry. Mustered out at Kasliville, Tenn. Re- 
 turned to Ohio and turned liis attention to cooper- 
 ing. April 19th, 1868, married Amelia Ilanford. 
 Came to Minneapolis in 1872, and worked at 
 cooperage till 1873, wlien he came to Minnetonka 
 and worked at his trade one year longer. Then 
 he bought the farm on which he now lives. 
 
 Alanson G. Butler was born in Hallowell, 
 Maine, December 30th, 1816. When 23 years 
 old went to New York, and remained there three 
 years. Worked five years in the lumber regions 
 of Pennsylvania. In 1856, came to Minneapolis, 
 stayed one year, then went to Wright county 
 and opened a farm. Lived on it till 1875, wlien 
 he came to Minnetonka where he has since lived, 
 and for the last two seasons, carried on tlie dairy 
 business. Septemljer 22d, 1853, married Louis- 
 anna Marsh, of Pennsylvania. They have one 
 child, Minnie May. 
 
 John 'SI. Chastek, born in Boliemia, February 
 24, 1837. In 1854 came to America. Lived in 
 Kacine county, Wisconsin, till 1855, when lie 
 came to Minnetonka, and in 1864 bought the farm 
 on whicli he now lives. Enlisted in Company F), 
 Hatch's Battallion, Minnesota Volunteers. Was 
 mustered out at Fort SnelUng in 1866. Married 
 Annie Pribyl, of Wisconsin, Marcli 17, 1868. 
 They have seven children, Apolona, Anna, John, 
 Frank, Emil, Petrolina and George. 
 
 Joseph H. Chowen was born May 1, 1831, in 
 Monroe, Wyoming county, Penn. Lived there 
 twenty-three years, then came to Mijinesota and 
 located tlie farm he now lives on in Minnetonka. 
 He established a nursery in the spring of 1880. 
 Married Jane Fuller, March, 18.59, wlio died Sep- 
 tember 1872. In 1873, was married to Caroline 
 
 E. Gunn. He has seven children, four by his 
 first wife. 
 
 William S. Chowen, born in Green county, N. 
 Y., June 22d, 1826. Moved to Wyoming county, 
 Pennsylvania. At twenty years of age. he went 
 to Wliite Haven, and engaged in lumbering ; fol- 
 lowed it for eight years, and one year lumbering 
 in Virginia. Came to Minnesota in 1853, and 
 located the farm u\ Minnetonka on which he now 
 lives. Helped build the first school house in the 
 town. In 1857, was elected to the first Legisla- 
 ture of the state, and introduced the Agricultural 
 School bill and a memorial to Congress for an 
 agricultural land grant, for college purposes. 
 Both bills were passed while he was in the House. 
 Enlisted, August. 1864, in Co. F. Eleventh Minn. 
 Inf., with the rank of Sergeant. Stationed at 
 Nashville and Gallatin, Tennessee. Mustered 
 out, 26th of June, 1865, at Fort Snelling. Has been 
 several times chairman of town board. ^larried. 
 May 25, 1865, to Mary M. Frear ; have six chil- 
 dren. 
 
 Salmon R. Churchill, born in Trumbull county, 
 Ohio, February 23d, 1823. Lived there twenty- 
 one years, and learned the shoemaker's trade. 
 Came to Minnesota in 1856, and located where he 
 now lives. Enlisted in 1861 in the Second Compa- 
 ny Miimesota Sharpshooters, and was mustered 
 out in 1862, on account of disability, at Washing- 
 ton, D. C. Health improved, and he enlisted again 
 in Co. F, Eleventh Minn. Inf. On September 4th, 
 1850, he married Sarah Hoagland. They have 
 had four children. Two are now living. 
 
 T. Connolly, born in Ireland in 1842. Came to 
 Minnesota in 1 860, stopped in St. Paul short time, 
 and went to Georgetown in the employ of the Hud- 
 ] son Bay Company for two years, when the 
 Indians compelled the company to leave. In 
 1863 went to Lake Winnipeg, as trader for the 
 Hudson Bay Company; returned to St. Paul 1864, 
 and to ^linneapolis in 1867 and w(irked five 
 years lumbering. Then as patrolman on the 
 police force for three years, court officer one year, 
 and captain one year. In 1878 he was appointed 
 Superintendent of Hennepin county Poor farm 
 Married Anna Kelley in 1867. They have three 
 children, two boys and one girl. 
 
 William Dobson, born in England, February 
 14, 1837, came to America in 1857 and to Min- 
 nesota, stopping in St. Paul until 1861. when he
 
 244 
 
 HISTORY OF HENXEPIX COUXTY. 
 
 enlisted in company D. Second Minnesota Infant- 
 ry: was at the battles of Sliiloli and Corintli. 
 served four years, mustered out at Louisville. 
 Kentucky. July lS(io. Returned to St. Paul, and 
 lived there until )S71. when he located on the 
 farm where he now lives. Married. August 
 1 «6fi, lo Anna Vernon. They have four children. 
 
 Daniel E. Dow. born in Maine. January 25. 
 1831. lived there twenty-one y^irs, then came to 
 St. Anthony. 2iIinnesota. and worked at black- 
 smithing fen- two years : iire-emi)tpd land on Lake 
 Calhoun, sold it. and located the farm on wliich 
 he now lives. In 1S80 visited the old home in 
 Maine. Married Mrs. Belinda Hamilton. Septem- 
 ber 6, IKoo. Thev have three children now living. 
 
 Edward H. Eidam, born in Germany 1839. 
 Came to America when young, and moved from 
 place to place. In 1853 came to Fillmore county, 
 Minnesota. Lived there five years, then moved 
 to Decorah, Iowa, and went to school. Married 
 Susan Bender. December31, 18H(I. In 1867 came 
 to Minneapolis. Lived there a year, then moved 
 to Minnetonka, and worked at coopering till 1877. 
 when he opened the store now owned by him. 
 He has three children now living. 
 
 Fernando Ellingwood. was born in Maine. Octo- 
 ber 27, 1846. Lived there twenty years, then 
 came to St. Anthony. From there to Anoka- 
 where he lived ten years. 1865 went to Lake 
 George and built a planing, lath and shingle mill. 
 Run it for three years, and in 1868 sold out ; moved 
 to Spencer Brook. Isanti county. Bought a saw 
 mill, and in "70, built a grist mill. Is now sole 
 proprietor. It was the first mill built in that 
 comity. Was postmaster five years, and county 
 commissioner three. Married, November 30. 1850. 
 Ellen Carson. Have three children living. 
 
 Joseph H. Empenger was born in Bohemia. 
 January 19th. 1847. and came with his parents to 
 America, in 1858. settling in Minnetonka town- 
 ship, where he has followed farming. He held 
 the office of assessor for six successive years, end- 
 ing in 1878. Was elected justice in 1879. and 
 held through the following term, on account of 
 his successor failing to qualify. He married 
 Anna Miller. November 22. 1871. She was born 
 in Bohemia in 1849. They have four children. 
 Emily E., Edward. Anna and Joseph. 
 
 A. N. Gray was born in Duchess county. Xew 
 York. August 29th. 1824. In 1830. moved with 
 
 parents to Pennsylvania, and engaged in farming 
 luitil eighteen years of age. when he engaged in 
 lumbering, also learning the trade of millwright. 
 He came to Minnesota in 1853. and settled in 
 Minnetonka township. In August, 186-1, he en- 
 listed in Company B. Eleventh Inf., serving in 
 the Commissary Department. He was the first 
 Overseer of Highways in the township after its 
 organization, and member of the town board in 
 1861-2-3. Married Susan A. Chowen, in Luzerne 
 county. Pennsylvania. May 30th. 1847. They have 
 had eleven children. Tliose living are AlcesterE.. 
 Phoebe C. Sybilla 11.. Ernest W.. Willie K. and 
 Jessie W. 
 
 Capt. X. II. Harrison, born in Petersburgh, 
 Virginia, in 1822. Moved to Hennepin county 
 in 1855. and settled on what is now known as 
 '■ Harrison Bay," Upper Lake Mnnetonka. and 
 remained there eleven years. "Went to Excelsior 
 for about two years, and then returned to the 
 Upper Lake, where he has since Uved. Is a ship 
 carpenter by trade, having built the steamers 
 "Mary." --^May Queen." and ••City of Minneapo- 
 lis." and the sail boat " Coquette." Was one of 
 the first white settlers on Upper Lake Minnetonka. 
 
 John S. Harrington, born in Canada East. 
 August nth. 1815. Moved to Western Reserve, 
 Ohio, where he attended school. Then traveled 
 through a part of Illinois. Wisconsin and Iowa. 
 In 1854, came to Minnetonka, and made a claim 
 to the farm on which he now lives, known as 
 ••Lake Side Home." Has been a member of the 
 town board several times. Married Minerva 
 Hoagland. December 23d. 1842. Has sLx chil- 
 dren now living. 
 
 William Hoagland. born in Trumbull county. 
 Ohio. December 16. 1824. Learned the tailor's 
 trade, then turned his attention to farming. In 
 the spring of 1862 came to Minnetonka. Min- 
 nesota, where he has since lived for most of the 
 time ; now furnishes hotels with supplies. Mar- 
 ried Joanna Wakefield. February 27. 1845. They 
 have seven living children. 
 
 J. R. Jack.son. born in Ulster county, Xew 
 York. March, 1846. and came with his father to 
 St. Paul. Mr. Jackson wasone of the first business 
 men in the place. He made one of the first claims 
 where Minneapolis now stands. John R. enlisted 
 in 1863, in Company F, First Minnesota Cavalry, 
 served fourteen months, was mustered out at Fort
 
 MINNETONKA- BIOGRAPHICAL. 
 
 245 
 
 Snellingm 186-5. Married Liicretia II. Miller of 
 Hennepin count}' ; they have five cliiUlren living. 
 
 Gustavus V. Johnson, born in Clayton county, 
 New York, Mareh 2ml, 184o; learned the trade 
 of shii) tjuilding. In 1863 enlisted in Company 
 M, 14th New York heavy artillery, and was mus- 
 tered out Septemher lS6o, at Rochester. The 
 same fall came to Chicago, worked at shi]) building, 
 then to Fox Lake, Wisconsin, and did carriage 
 making a number of years. Sold out and went 
 to Winona, then to La Crosse, where he was 
 engaged in boat building four years, thence to 
 White Bear Lake, following same business three 
 years, then to Lake Minnetonka and established a 
 large boat building business. Married Elizal)etli 
 Buffett, Sept. 23. IStiO. Have two cluldren living. 
 
 John Kokesh, born in Bohemia January 5, 1830. 
 When twentj-three years old married Josei)liiHe 
 Kostlan. Cameto America in l.stl.s. and settled in 
 Minnetonka. and in istji). bought the farm on 
 which he now lives. Has ten children. 
 
 George Ley, born in Wisconsin October 17, 
 1843. Came to Minnesota in 1857. Settled in 
 Scott county; remained there until 18(i4. when 
 he went to Montana and engaged in mining five 
 years. Iteturned and married Lena Spungmaun, 
 July 13. 1872. Have three children. In 1873 
 worked for the Minneapolis & St. Louis R. R. Co.. 
 and in 1880, bought the farm where he now lives. 
 
 Charles Lyons, born in Applelon, Maine, June 
 11, 1852. In 1871 went to Rockland. Spent two 
 years, then to South Adams, Mass. Was there 
 three years, then went to Charleston, S. C, and 
 to Georgia. Alabama. Tennessee and Kentucky. 
 Came to Minneapolis in 187(i and worked at 
 cooperhig. In 1879 came to Minnetinika, and has 
 since done cooper work for the Minnetonka Mill 
 Company. 
 
 David Locke (deceased) tiornin Virginia. April 
 13, 1808. Moved to Ohio, and in 1833 married 
 Harriet A. Stafford, who has borne him ten chil- 
 dren. In 1837 went to Indiana, and run the 
 Rockford flouring mill several years. From that 
 to railroad building. Came to ilinnetonka in 1855, 
 and made a claim. Returned to Indiana. In 
 1865 came to Hastings, and in 18t)() settled his 
 family in Minnetonka. where lie resided until his 
 death, April 16th, 1877. 
 
 John McGenty (deceased), l)orn in Ireland. 
 1805. Came to America in 1847. Lived in Ver- 
 
 mont three years. Then went to Illinois and 
 worked three years. In 1855, came to St. Paul 
 then to Minnetonka. and located the farm on 
 which his sons, Dennis and James, with their 
 mother, now live. Died. Sept.. 1 877, aged 72 years. 
 
 Ernst Meyer, born in Prussia, October 22, 1858, 
 and moved with his parents to Germany, where 
 he learned the machinist and miller's trade. In 
 1876, came to America, and worked in the mills 
 at Ilazleton, Iowa; also at Elgin, and Clajton 
 county, Iowa. In 1878. came to Minnetonka, and 
 worked for the Minnetonka ^lill Company. Par- 
 ents now live in Ilolsteiu. Germany. 
 
 John P. Miller, born in Pennsylvania, May 11, 
 1809. In 1831, married Rachael Parks, who died 
 in 1837. Lived in Lancaster. Ohio, three years; 
 then went to Crawford county, and engaged in 
 the hotel business. In 1848. went to Rockford, 
 Illinois, and entered grocery business. In 1849, 
 came to ilinnesota. Kept a boarding house in 
 St. Paul, and helped to fit up the hall for the first 
 legislative session. Went to ^linnetonka in 1853 
 and made a claim. He aftervs'ards bought the 
 farm on which he now lives. August, 1844, mar- 
 ried Catherine Didie. of Pennsylvania. They 
 have three children. 
 
 Charles D. Miller, born in Oliio. May 14tU. 1846. 
 When four years old, came with his parents t<i 
 Miiuiesota. Attended the first school taught m 
 Ilennepni county, in the old (Government House, 
 near the Government Mill. August, 1864, enlist- 
 ed in Co. F, Eleventh Minn. Inf. under Capt. 
 Plummer. Was mustered out at Fort Snelling 
 in 1865. In May, 1876, married Emma J. Ilawkes. 
 of Hennepin county. They have one child. 
 
 Frank L. Miller, born in St. Paul, Minnesota, 
 ! October 10th, 185(1. When he was two years old 
 his father moved to the farm in what is now ilin- 
 netonka. Received his education in the public 
 schools, and has. with his father and brother, 
 made a good farm. 
 
 George C. Pliillips, born February 28, 1828, in 
 Almond. N. Y. In 1848, established a cooper 
 shop. Run it seven years. In 1854 went to St. 
 Paul, then to Minneapolis. Helped finish the old 
 American House. In 1855 made claim to the farm 
 on which he now lives. February 28th, 1854, 
 married Abigail Smith. Enlisted. 1864, in Co. 
 F, Eleventh Minn. Inf. Was with (ien. Thomas 
 at Nashville, Tenn.. and discharged at St. Paul.
 
 246 
 
 HISTOBT OF HEXXEPIX COUyTY. 
 
 James K. Robertson, bom in Scotland. May 14. 
 1839. Served an apprenticesliip of seven years at 
 machine and engineering worlc. Run a locomotive 
 on the Glasgow & Southwestern R. R.. Scotland, 
 then an engine for Baird Bros." Great Iron "Works. 
 Scotland. In 1865 came to America. "Was engi- 
 neer in the coal regions of Pennsylvania. "Went 
 to Nova Scotia in 1866. Started a tobacco factory 
 in Dartsmouth. Sold it. and in 1876 came to 
 Minneapolis, to work for Camp & "Walker. Then 
 came to Minnetonka, and now runs the engine in 
 the mUl. July 12. 1861. married Ellen Park, of 
 Scotland. They have seven children. 
 
 Alfred B. Robinson, born in Vermont, May 1. 
 1815. "Went to "Whitehall. X. Y.. enlisted in 
 Company I. First U. S. Regular Infantry. Joined 
 his regiment at Prairie du Cliien. Wis. There 
 three years. Tlien ordered to Florida under Col. 
 Zachariah Taylor. Remained there five years. 
 Ordered to Fort SnelUng in 1842. Was there 
 until 1845, when he was discharged. Came to 
 Minnetonka in 1853. and in 1855 located where he 
 now lives. In 1861 enlisted in Company A, Third 
 Minnesota "\'olunteers. Was discharged and en- 
 listed again in Company B. Sixth Minnesota "\'ol- 
 unteers. Mustered out, October 1865. He mar- 
 ried Celesta Caddet. who died in 1878. He is 
 the father of three children. Two now living. 
 
 Frederick Eohlfing, (deceased.) born in Prussia. 
 Dec. 29. 1823. Came to America in 1844. Lived m 
 St. Louis until 1855, when lie came to Mmnesota 
 and located the farm on which his widow and fam- 
 ily now live. Married Wilmina Telgman. of St. 
 Louis. 1856. and returned to his liome in Minne- 
 tonka. They have five cliildren now livmg. Mrs. 
 R. is an active member of the church, and now 
 superintendent of the Sabbatli-school. Mr. Rohlf- 
 ing died November 15th. 1878. 
 
 Edward D. Shanton. born in Oliio. March 4th. 
 1839. Learned the miller's trade. Was superin- 
 tendent of the Shanesville flouring mills for three 
 years. In 1867 he came to MinneapoUs and run 
 the Island Mills, Summit Mills. Xorth Star Mill. 
 and the Galaxy Mills. In 1878 went to Minne- 
 tonka. and has since had charge of the mills 
 there. In 1862 enlisted in Company H. 73d In- 
 diana Infantry. Was in several battles, and taken 
 prisoner at Cedar Gap. Georgia, taken to Belle 
 Island, and after a time exchanged. Mustered out 
 at Xashville. Teim. Married in 1860 to Margaret 
 
 Schultz. They are the parents of eight children. 
 
 Bayard T. and Bernard G. Shaver, twin broth- 
 ers, and first wliite children born in Minnetonka, 
 August 12th, 1853. Here the brothers have lived 
 with their parents, and received their education 
 at the second school organized in the county. 
 Bayard has given his attention to teaching, and 
 Bernard to millwright and carpenter work. Bay- 
 ard cast the first vote of any native-born man in the 
 townsliip. They live on the oldest farm in the town. 
 
 Eldridge A. Shaver was born in Pennsylvania 
 September 27th, 1849. and came to Minnesota 
 when he was a boy. Landed in Minneapolis, 
 stopped wth Col. Stevens a few weeks, then 
 came to iliunetonka City. Remauied there till 
 1853 when his father made the claim on wliich 
 Eldridge now lives. 2SIarried Mary S. Tull. April 
 26th, 1874. Two children have been born to them. 
 
 Sarah C. Shaver was bom in Greene county, 
 X. Y.. July 5, 1824. Married James Shaver Sei> 
 tember 27th, 1849. In 1851 Mr. Shaver came 
 to Minnesota. In 1852 his family came, when he 
 made a claim and settled on the south shore of 
 Lake Minnetonka. Their two sons were the first 
 white children bom in the township, and the first 
 native bom voters, and their mother the first 
 white woman to settle in the town. Mrs. Shaver 
 and son Bayard attended the Centennial Expo- 
 sition, and remained m the east three years. 
 
 George M. Stankard. was liorn m Ohio. June 
 27th. 1857. Learned the miller's trade. Went 
 to Toledo and worked in the South Toledo Mills. 
 In 1877 he moved to Xiles; Michigan. Worked 
 in River .Side mills till October. 1877. when he 
 came to MumeapoUs. Worked in the Pillsbury 
 mill until 1878. then for Croswell and Syme at 
 Long Lake as head stone dresser. In 1880 took 
 the same position with the Minnetonka Mill com- 
 pany. His father and family Uve in Oliio. 
 
 Knight H. Wliipple. born in Foster, Providence 
 county. R. I.. July 29. 1836. Went to Providence, 
 worked at the mason's trade for several years. 
 July 1855. came to Minneapolis, lived there three 
 years, helped build the first brick house in the 
 town, built the residence of Rev, Gideon Pond 
 atBloomington. In 1859 made a trip to Red River, 
 1864 bought the place on whidi he lives. During 
 the Indian massacre, was Quarter Master under 
 Col. Stevens, at Gleiicoe. October 1862. married 
 Sarah Fuller. He is the father of one child.
 
 EXCELSIOR— GENERAL BE SCRIP TION.. 
 
 247 
 
 EXCELSIOR. 
 
 CHAPTER XL. 
 
 GENERAL DESCRIPTION — SETTLEMENT — FIRST 
 SETTLERS— EARLT EVENTS — ST. AXBANS — 
 CI\nL HISTORY— CHURCHES — SCHOOLS — MILL 
 — NURSERIES — STATE FRUIT FARM — RAIL- 
 ROADS — SUMMER HOTELS— SOCIETIES — BOATS 
 — BIOGRAPHICAL. 
 
 Excelsior is situated in the southwesteni part 
 of the comity, the south line of the township sep- 
 arating Hennepin and Carver counties. Nearly 
 one-half of the area of the township is covered 
 by the waters of Lake Minnetonka, leaving but 
 •5,221 acres of land. 
 
 The surface of the laud is rolling and heavily 
 timbered, with here and there small marshes, a 
 few of which are utilized for the production of 
 wild hay. The soil is a close clay, and ver> pro- 
 ductive. 
 
 The lake was named soon after the hrst settle- 
 ments were made on its shores. Governor Ram- 
 sey, in his official capacity, as Governor of the 
 territory, visited the lake in company w-ith a large 
 party, and during this visit, it was given its appro- 
 priate name. Minnetonka, tlie word Ijeing derived 
 from the Dahkota, minne meaning water, and 
 tonka meaning large. 
 
 Lake Minnetonka is noted for the beauty of 
 the scenery of its surrounding shores. Numer- 
 ous pouits of land project into the lake, some of 
 which are a mile or more in length. They are 
 named from settlers and owners of land on them. 
 Ferguson's and Gibson's on the east shore, Way- 
 zata and Sunrise points on the west shore of the 
 lower lake. In the upper lake, Locke's, Howard 
 and Carman's points derive tlieir names from 
 owners of land thereon. Between these points are 
 bays, some deep, others shallow, the waters of 
 which are plentifully stocked with flsh. These 
 bays are known as Robinson, near Wayzata : Car- 
 
 son, on the east shore ; St. Alban's. Excelsior and 
 Gideon's on the south, and Holmes Bay on the 
 north. The only one of note in the upper lake, 
 within the limits of Excelsior, is Carman's. 
 
 There are several islands within the boundary 
 lines of the town. The largest of tliese is Big, or 
 Morse's Island, in the lower lake. Brightwood, a 
 small round island, is owned and occupied as a 
 summer residence by 11. A. Gale, of Minneapolis. 
 In the upper lake are situated Enchanted Island. 
 Shady Isle, Spray and Wild Goose Islands. 
 
 The upper and lower lakes are connected by 
 what is known as Hull's Narrows, originally a 
 small creek, but since widened and deepened to 
 allow the passage of the large steamers plying on 
 the lake. 
 
 The lakes in the lownship of Excelsior, aside 
 from Minnetonka, are Lakes Christmas and Gal- 
 pin, both named in honor of early settlers ; the 
 former for Charles "\V . Cliristmas. the first county 
 surveyor, and the latter for Rev. Charles Galpin. 
 the first minister in Excelsior. Lake Christmas 
 is located on sections 3o and 36, and is about one 
 mile in length, (ialpin Lake is a small liody of 
 water just south of the village. 
 
 SETTLEMENT. 
 
 Excelsior was among tlie lirst townships in the 
 county, to attract the attention of the prospector 
 in search of a home. The first visit of whites to 
 Lake Minnetonka. was in 1822, when a party from 
 Fort Snelling explored its sliores. The first set- 
 tler in Excelsior was Stephen Hull, who located 
 his claim in February, 18.53. selecting for his 
 home the site now known as the Lake Park 
 Grounds. He was followed by "William Lithgrow. 
 in the spring of '53, who made a claim of the land 
 now occupied by the "State Fruit Farm." Lith- 
 grow was drowned in the lake in 1854. R. B. 
 McGrath came in May 1853, and still resides in 
 Excelsior. He is the oldest living settler in the
 
 248 
 
 HISTOBY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 town. The town of Excelsior owes its name and 
 settlement to a colony, under the title of the 
 ••Excelsior Pioneer Association."" Tliey were 
 headed by George M. Bertram and arrived in the 
 summer of 1853. The followuig ••Preamble" to 
 the constitution adopted Xovember 12th, 1852, 
 ser%'es to show that Lake ^Minnetonka and its 
 surrounding territory, had acquired at that early 
 period, a portion of the notoriety which to-day 
 makes it famous. 
 
 -Pnumbk. Whereas we. the undersigned, hav- 
 ing associated ourselves into a body to remove to 
 Minnesota Territory next summer, and occupy 
 some of the government lands now vacated by 
 the late treaty with the Sioux Inilians, and hav- 
 ing been on a tour through the Western states 
 last summer, have selected a site for a village and 
 farming country, that for healthfullness of cli- 
 mate, fertiUty of soil, beauty of scenery and 
 nearness to markets, cannot be surpassed by any 
 other locality in the country : being withm twelve 
 or fifteen miles of two of the most important towns 
 in the territory (St. Paul and St. Anthony Falls) 
 and having a front on a lake, navigable for steam 
 and other boats over forty miles, its waters as clear 
 as crystal and abound with fish. The land aroimd 
 the lake is also supplied with natural meadow, 
 the country is gently roUing and interspersed 
 with the most beautiful growth of timber that 
 the eye could wish to look upon, consisting of 
 sugar maple, black walnut, butternut, white and 
 red oak, and a variety of others ; also with wild 
 fruit, grapes and berries of almost every kind. 
 The whole country in fact, possessuig almost 
 everything that the heart of man could wish for. 
 Therefore, in order to avail ourselves of all the 
 advantages of an old settled country, and secure 
 ourselves such increase of value as must result 
 from a concentration of numbei-s upon the land, 
 together with our own efforts in its improvement, 
 erection of a village and settling the farms there- 
 upon, and all the bles.sings of hfe : We. each 
 and all of us, who subscribe in the following con- 
 stitution, do combine ourselves, our means and 
 our energies, in this enterprise and agree to sup- 
 port and carry into effect its laws. Oflicers : 
 President, Geo. M. Bertram ; Vice President, 
 John L. AVillis ; Secretary, Samuel F. Blodgett ; 
 Treasurer. Edward Bund. Any person at a dis- 
 tance wishing to l)ecome a member of this asso- 
 
 ciation, or wishing information, can have al 
 the information he requires by addressing the 
 President at 2(58 Grand street. Xew York."" 
 
 I The constitution and by-laws, provided that 
 each person becoming a member, should pay a fee 
 of eight dollars, and one dollar per week as dues, 
 from Xovember 12th, 1852. to Jidy 17th. 18.53. 
 That each member should be entitled to a farm, 
 and one village lot of not less than one acre, the 
 farms and lots to lie drawn by numbers. Mr. 
 (Jeorge M. Bertram, the originator of the scheme, 
 visited Lake Mimie tonka in the summer of 18-52. 
 selected the site of the present village of Excel- 
 sior, returned to New York and organized the 
 Association, ^^^^ile at St. Paul, en route for the 
 East, he met R. B. McGrath. then a resident of 
 Dubuciue. Iowa, who became a member of the 
 colony, soon after its organization. About May 
 1st, 1853. Mr. McGrath started for Mimietonka 
 in advance of Bertram and the remainder of the 
 company. In St. Anthony he met John H. Ste- 
 
 ' vens. then acting as agent for the new colony, 
 and received from him uistructions to proceed to 
 the site selected, and erect a house for the use of 
 Bertram upon his arrival. A few days later he 
 and K. C. Wiley, set out in company with a sur- 
 veying part> which was to locate a government 
 road from St. Anthony to Fort Eidgely. They 
 went as far as Lake Christmas, and there the sur- 
 veying party turned back, leaving McGrath and 
 Wiley to find their way alone. A snow-storm 
 arose and they suffered much from exposure. 
 After searching two days they found Stephen 
 Hull, who pointed out to them the site selected 
 by Bertram. They at once commenced the erec- 
 tion of a log house, and put up a shanty for their 
 own use while buililing the house. The house 
 was ready for occupancy the first week in June. 
 It was two stories in height, built of basswood 
 logs and roofed with shmgles procured in St. An- 
 thony. A number of prospeetoi-s had visited 
 McGrath and Wiley while building the house, 
 and they often suffered for want of provisions, 
 their generosity leading them to share their sup- 
 plies with the land seekers. The first of' the col- 
 onists to arrive was Rev. Charles Galpin. who 
 founded the first church ui Excelsior. He was 
 soon followed by Bertram, who arrived with a 
 number of families. The association ^mmedi- 
 ateh took a claim embracmg l(3(t acres, on the
 
 EXCELSIOR— EARLY EVENTS— CIVIL HISTORY. 
 
 249 
 
 south shore of the lake. This claim was at onee 
 platted into village lots, ami was the foundation 
 of the present flourishing village of Excelsior. 
 Mr. McGrath l)uilt a frame house and soon after, 
 a carpenter shop, the latter used for puhlic meet- 
 ings. The house slill stands. During the win- 
 ter of 1853-4, a meeting was called by President 
 Bertram, at which the name of Excelsior was 
 adopted unanimously. 
 
 FIRST SETTLERS. 
 
 Peter M. Gideon and A. P. Beenian were 
 among the settlers of 1853. William Harvey, 
 Silas A. Seamans, Z. D. Spaulding, William Fer- 
 guson and others settled in 1854. Among those 
 who arrived in 18o5-'6 and took claims were Eli- 
 jah Carson, Rev. C. B. Sheldon, Enos Day, W. 
 B. Jones and Silas Howard. From this time on 
 the settlement was rapid and the growth of Ex- 
 celsior was an assured fact. Of these early set- 
 tlers, William Ferguson was drov^ned in 1857. 
 Enos Day died here in 1874. Bertram, after re- 
 maining two or three years with his colony, re- 
 moved to Minneapolis and from there U> Mouticel- 
 lo, Wright county, where he died. Nearly all the 
 others, of those mentioned, have remained in the 
 homes they have created out of the wilderness. 
 The substantial farm-houses and residences, pleas- 
 antly located on the shores of the lake, bear evi- 
 dence of the prosperity which has attended those 
 who ventured here in early days. 
 
 EARLY EVENTS.— 1855 TO 185S. 
 
 The first store was established by M. II. Pease, 
 in 1855. The first mill was erected the same 
 year, by a stock company composed of citizens of 
 the town. It was a steam saw-mill, and occupied 
 the site on which May's grist-mill now stands. 
 This mill was destroyed by fire in 1858. Ajiril 
 26th, 1858, a newspaper was started by Fred W. i 
 Crosby and Henry O. Hammond, called the " Ex- | 
 celsior Enterprise." It was short lived as they 
 succeeded in publishing but one number. 
 
 SAINT ALBANS. 
 
 In 185(3, Morris and Ilargin platted a village on 
 the south-east shore of Saint Alban's bay, which 
 they called Saint Albans. A hotel was built by 
 John McKenzie, and a saw-mill erected by Mor- 
 ris and Ilargin. The saw-mill burned in 1859. 
 For a short time this village flourished, hut the 
 
 financial crisis of 1857, proved too much for its 
 proprietors, and the village succumbed, and now 
 no trace of it exists. The following is related 
 by an actor in the scene : The proprietors of 
 the village, in order to record their plat were re- 
 quired to produce evidence by a creditable wit- 
 ness, that certain improvements had Ijeen made. 
 The gentleman referred to, was taken out from 
 Minneapolis to view the " city " and testify that 
 the improvements required by law had been 
 made. He arrived at the ••city" was showai 
 house number one, then taken ovit into the woods 
 a short distance, turneil round a few times and 
 shown house numljer two. This was repeated 
 nntil sU houses had been visited. There was 
 but one house in the place and he had been taken 
 to it six times from different directions. One 
 of his visits was to the school C:*). Half a dozen 
 urchins had been hastily collected. These 
 were placed in the house during his absence in 
 the woods, and on his return were busily por- 
 ing over their books. The saw-mill was a pile 
 of machinery thrown together. Incidents of this 
 kind were of frequent occurrence in those days. 
 
 CIVIL HISTORY. 
 
 April lUth. 1858. the Board of County Commis- 
 sioners designated township Xo. 117 north, range 
 23 west, as the town of Excelsior. Tlie first elec- 
 tion was held at the house of John Green, ^Ia> 
 11th. 1858. Dr. E. Snell was chosen Moderator, 
 and M. II. Pease, Clerk for the day. The officers 
 elected were: Supervisors, R. B. McGrath, chair- 
 man. Lewis Thompson and E. Bennett; Town 
 Clerk, Chas.B. Sheldon; Assessor, Wm. B. Jones; 
 Collector, M. H. Pease; Constables, II. L. Bee- 
 man and P. M. Gideon; Justices, Stephen Hull 
 and Orville Wilcox; Road Commissioner, Morris 
 Powers. List of Chairmen of Supervisors: 1859. 
 Geo. Galpin; 1800, S. Norramon; lS61-'62, Lewis 
 Thompson; 1863, Charles Galpin; 1864, II. L. 
 Beeman; 1865-"66-"67, A. H. Jenkins: 1868- '69, 
 C. F. Adams; 1870, J. II. Clark; 1871 -"72; F. G. 
 Gould; 1873-'74. L. F. Sampson; 1875, O, C. 
 Meaker; 1876-'77, Charles May; 1878, R, B. Mc- 
 (Irath; 1879, F. G. Gould. The officers elected 
 in 1880 were: Supervisors, L. F. Sampson, 
 chairman, F. (J. (iould and A. E. Apgar. Clerk, 
 A. W. Latham: Treasurer, J. H. Letson: Assess- 
 or, G. A. Slater; Justice. W. II. Levan; Consta- 
 ble, H. II. Beers.
 
 2d0 
 
 HISTOBY OF SEXA^EPIN COUXTY. 
 
 Tlie boundary lines of Excelsior remained as 
 originally designated by the county commission- 
 ers, until March 2d, 1868, at which time the Board 
 detached the territory north of tlie lake and 
 added the same to the town of Medina. This 
 was done in accordance with the petition of a 
 majorit\- of the voters. The north line of Ex- 
 celsior was made to follow, as nearly as possible. 
 the middle of the northern part of Lake Minne- 
 tonka. 
 
 At a special town meetuig. held Xovember 
 6th. 1S77. the question of giving a subsidy of six 
 thousand dollars to a certain railroad, was de- 
 feated. February loth, 1878, the town voted aid, 
 to the amount of four thousand dollars, to the 
 Minneapolis tV: Northwestern railroad. The as- 
 sessed valuation of real estate in the town, ex- 
 clusive of village lots, was in ISSO. Sloo.191. 
 Personal property. 858.716. Total amount of 
 taxes in 1880, S4,064. The population of the 
 township, including the village, is 930. 
 
 CHl'KCHES. 
 
 The first Congregational church, was organized 
 July 17. lSo3. with the following members : Rev. 
 Charles Galpin, pastor. George M. and Julia Ber- 
 tram, Samnel Staples, Joshua and Hannah Moore . 
 Clarrisa Cleveland, tieorge 'SI. Powers. David 
 Griffiths and James Phillips. The first services 
 were held in the parlor of the hotel ; after that, 
 they occupied a school house, then the hall over 
 Pease's store, until 1857. From that time luitil 
 1871, the upper room of the school building was 
 used. In the latter year the society erected a 
 church at a cost of S-1,500. The membership 
 now numbers 105. Kev. Charles Galpin had 
 charge until November, 1855, when he was suc- 
 ceeded by Kev. Chas. B. Sheldon, ■who has since 
 contiiuied in the pastorate without interruption. 
 
 Episcopal. The first building erected express- 
 Iv for a church, was put up by the Episcopal 
 society, in 1862. It was a neat log structure. 
 Services were held by the Kev. J. S. Chamber- 
 lain previous to the erection of the church. Xo 
 regular services are maintained. 
 
 The Methodist society have held occasional 
 services, but have no church edifice and no regu- 
 lar organization. 
 
 SCHOOLS. 
 
 The first schiiol was held in a small log build- 
 ing erected for the purpose, and taught by Miss 
 
 
 Jane AVolcott durmg the summer of 185-1. This 
 building was used until 1857. when the two story 
 frame building now in use was erected. The 
 second story was used for church sers'ices on 
 Sunday, and during the week by Rev. Chas. Gal- 
 pin, who kept a private school known as the 
 ••Excelsior Institute," The Institute ceased in 
 1867, and the Congregational church society used 
 the room until 1871, Smce then the entire build- 
 ing has been used for school purposes, and a 
 graded school maintained. 
 
 Outside of the village, the township has two 
 entire districts, and one joint district with Min- 
 netonka. District Xo, 116 has a house lo- 
 cated on section 17. in the north part of the 
 to\ra. School district Xo, 59 has a house located 
 near the county Une, on section 32. Good schools 
 are sustained in all the districts. 
 
 THE EXCELSIOR GKIST MILL. 
 
 AVas built by C. May, in 1876. at a cost of S8,000. 
 It has three runs of stone, with a capacity of fifty 
 barrels per day. In connection with this mill is 
 a stave mill, producing annually one million 
 barrel staves, with heads to match. The prod- 
 uct was formerly two million staves a year, but 
 owing to scarcity of lumljer it has been reduced. 
 The expense of operating these mills is about 
 one hundred dollars per day. A six horse-power 
 engine drives the machinery. Both mills are 
 owned and managed by Charles May. 
 
 XUKSERIES. 
 
 The township has three nurseries. One es- 
 tablished by F. G. Gould, in 1867, has about ten 
 acres under cultivation. Sales extend through 
 ■Minnesota, Iowa, Wisconsin and Dakota Terri- 
 tory. 
 
 A. W. Latham estaVilished one in 1870. with 
 one acre, and now has eight acres. In 1873. began 
 planting a vineyard, and now has five acres of 
 grapes under cultivation. 
 
 A, Bonjour has a nursery east of the village, 
 containing ten acres, mainly grapes. He has 
 about two-thirds of an acre planted with straw- 
 berries, inoduciug several varieties of excellent 
 fruit. 
 
 STATE FKL"IT FARM. 
 
 In 18.53 Peter M. Gideon made his claim, and 
 the following year began experimenting in fruit
 
 EXCELSIOR— RAILROADS— HOTELS. 
 
 251 
 
 culture. He continued perseveringly, though 
 meeting with reverses and often entire faihire. 
 In 1878, the state purchased 160 acres of land ad- 
 joining Gideon's farm on the north, and estab- 
 lished an experimental fruit farm, placing Mr. 
 Gideon in charge. He is, under the patronage of 
 the state, meeting with flattering success in rais- 
 ing fruit of all kinds, making a specialty of ap- 
 ples of hardy stock, adapted to this climate. 
 
 RAILROADS. 
 
 The Minneapolis & Northwestern surveyed a 
 line in 1878, which passess througli the township 
 from east to west, south of the lake. No work 
 has been done on this line. The Minneapolis & 
 St. Louis Railway have a line, projected in 1880 
 completed from Hopkins Station, on the main 
 line, to a point in Excelsior near the St. Louis 
 Hotel. On the north side of the township, the 
 St. P., M. & M. R. R. have a line, surveyed in 
 1880. called the North Shore Branch, leaving the 
 main line near AVayzata. and passing through 
 the northern part of Excelsior to a point on sec- 
 tion 17, where tlie company purpose erecting a 
 mammoth hotel in 1881. 
 
 SUMMER HOTELS. 
 
 The St. Louis hotel was erected in 1879, on tlie 
 eastern shore of Lake Minnetonka. It is fur- 
 nished with all modern conveniences, and accom- 
 modates four hundred guests. The Lake Park 
 Hotel is located on the south shore of the lake, 
 on tlie ground laid out by the Northwestern 
 Sunday-school Association, known as the Lake 
 Park Grounds. It was built by this association 
 in 1879. Now owned by Seeley & Griswold. 
 The grounds around the hotel are tastefully laid 
 out in lots, with drives and walks. These lots 
 are occupied by cottages of summer visitors. The 
 hotel occupies an eminence commanding a line 
 view of the lake. The Hotel Harrow is located 
 on Rockwell Island, in the upper lake, and was 
 built in 1880. This building is finely situated, 
 and has rooms for one hundred and fifty guests. 
 
 THE VILLAGE OF EXCELSIOR. 
 
 Excelsior was the first point of settlement in 
 the township. Here was located the post-office, 
 the first stores, shops, etc., forming the iixc/exM 
 around which the early settlers located their 
 claims and made their homes. The village was 
 
 platted in 1853. but remained under the town- 
 ship government until 1877, when it was incor- 
 porated by act of legislature. 
 
 The first election was held April 16th, 1877, at 
 which the following officers vi-ere elected : Presi- 
 dent, C. May; Trustees, L. F. Sampson, Eh 
 Small, Jr., and James Letson ; Recorder, A. Mill- 
 ner; Treasurer, E. H. Page. Tlie village now 
 contains three stores, which carry stocks of dry 
 goods and general merchandise, one grocery store, 
 two meat markets, three blacksmith shops, one 
 harness shop, one hardware store, and one shoe 
 store. 
 
 Excelsior has become one of the principal 
 points of interest to the tourists, who flock to 
 Lake Minnetonka in summer, and the people 
 find themselves sometimes taxed to accommodate 
 their visitors. 
 
 HOTELS. 
 
 The " Excelsior House " was built by George 
 Galpin in 18o4, and was at that time of small 
 proportions. The original building is now used 
 as a kitchen for the present hotel. John Green 
 purchased the house and made some additions. 
 The ownership then reverted to Galpin. who sold 
 it to a Mr. Beckford. He managed it about four 
 years, since which time it has been owned by the 
 Wait family. The building has been eidarged 
 from time to time, until it now contains room 
 for loO guests. It is kept open summer and win- 
 ter. 
 
 The " Long View," located on ^\ hat is known 
 as the "Water Cure " lot, was built in 1863, and 
 accommodates fifty guests. It is owned and 
 managed by Daniel Connor. 
 
 The " White House " is a t^\'o-story frame 
 building erected, in 1872. It has a capacity for 
 thirty people, and is conducted by William Simp- 
 son. 
 
 The •' Slater House " is also a frame building 
 of two stories, erected in 1880. It has room for 
 lifty guests. 
 
 The •' Appledore ■■ House is run by II. II. 
 Beers. It is pleasantly located, and accommo- 
 dates thirty guests comfortably. It was built 
 in 1878. 
 
 "May's House," a three-story frame, was biult 
 in 1877. It occupies a fine site overlooking the 
 lake.
 
 252 
 
 HISTOBY OF HENKEPIX COUNTY. 
 
 There are a number of boarding houses, among 
 them the " DeGroodt " house, and •• Pleasant 
 tirove "house. 
 
 SOCIETIE.S. 
 
 Masonic Lodge number 11.'?. A. F. and A. M.. 
 of Excelsior, was organized in Jidy. 1874. and a 
 charter granted by the txrand Lodge of the 
 state in the year 1.S7.5. The first officere were: 
 O. C. Meaker. W. M.: 1). C. Hunt. S. W.: AVm. 
 Mihier. .J. W.: H. S. Eldridge. Secretary; M. 
 JIa>nard. Treasurer. This society has been in 
 a flourishing condition since its organization. 
 Until the fall of 1880. they met in the hall over 
 the post-office. They now occupy a room in a 
 building erected for the lodge by Wm. Simpson. 
 
 A Good Templars society was organized in 
 March, lS6ti, with a charter granted by the Grand 
 Lodge of the state. This society disbanded in 
 1867. Another society was organized in 1877. by 
 John Dunham, which remained in existence but 
 one year. 
 
 BOATS. 
 
 The first steamboat to ply on Lake ilinnetouka 
 was built by Eev. Chas. Galpin. in 185.5. and 
 called the "Governor Eamsey". She remained in 
 service until 18152. when becoming loosened from 
 her moorings during a storm, she floated out on 
 the lake and sank. She was afterwanls raised, 
 and her machinery is now doing service in the 
 Rambler. The hull was rebuilt and is used as a 
 barge. 
 
 The Sue Gardner was the next lioat. She was 
 brought to the lake by Charles Gardner in the 
 year lSfi8. and reuiaiued about three years. 
 
 The May Queen was launched in 1873 and was 
 in service until June 29th, 1879, wlien she was 
 destroyed by the explosion of her boiler at Rock- 
 well's Island. This explosion was attended with 
 loss of life. 
 
 The Hattie Ma\ is a siern-wheel boat, UiO feel 
 long and eighteen feet wide. She is owned by 
 C May. and was launclied in ls7s. The City of 
 Minneapolis, is a propeller built in ]88(i. also 
 owned by C. May. The steamer Mary was 
 launched in 187f>. and was in active use imtil 
 July 1st. 1881). when her boiler exploded as she 
 was lying at the St. Louis Hotel landing. This 
 explosion was also attended with loss of life. 
 The Mary was rebuilt by Major Ilalsted. in the 
 
 winter of 1SS0-"S1. The Saucy Kate, formerly the 
 Katie May, was launched in 1878. and exploded 
 her boiler soon after. She was rebuilt, and is now 
 owned by Capt. Shepard. The steamer Rambler 
 is used as a freight-boat. There are several sail- 
 boats owned in Excelsior : the largest of these is 
 the Coquette, built by A. AVestlake in 1879. 
 
 Several fleets of small boats, for the use of 
 visitors, are owned in Excelsior, and at each of 
 the summer hotels. 
 
 moGKAPlilCAL. 
 
 L. A. Austin, born in Xorway in 1851. emi- 
 grated to America in 18ti9 and settled at Morris. 
 Minnesota : he remained there until 1870. then 
 moved to Minneapolis and lived six years, then 
 settled on Lake Minnetonka. He was married in 
 1873. to Bessie Lai-son of Litchfield. They have 
 one child, Ida. 
 
 E. A. Babcock, boni in Washington county. 
 Vermont, in 1832. Moved with parents to Wor- 
 cester. Massachusetts, remained there three years; 
 settled finally in Xewport. New Hampshire, until 
 1839. when they removed to Enfield, remaining 
 there until 18H-t ; he then moved to Excelsior. 
 Minnesota. Married in October. 1864. to Emily L. 
 Erskine. of Wayne comity, ilichigan. They 
 have two children living. His father, Augustus 
 Babcock. came to Hennepin county in 1854. 
 
 II. H. B^ers. born in Addison county. Ver- 
 mont. 1834, moved to Mower county. Minnesota, 
 in 1872. and remained there until 1877. when he 
 moved to Deadwood and remained until he set- 
 tled in Excelsior in 1878, and started the'-Apple- 
 dore House." He has been married twice. His 
 first wife tiled in Mower comity. Married for 
 second wife, iliss M. Eddy of A'ermont. 
 
 A. P. Beeman, Ijorn in Maine. 1828, lived at 
 Lewiston.-and Lowell. Mass.. seven years. Visited 
 many parts of the world, spending some time m 
 AustraUa. Gloved to Excelsior in 1853, where 
 he has since resided. Enlisted in 1863 in Com- 
 pany D. Second Cavalry. Served two years, was 
 honorably discliarged at Fort Siielliug in 1865. 
 Married in 1851 to Louisa M. Midgley. of Mont- 
 pelier. Is proprietor of a Sorghum machine of 
 Madison Manufacturing Company's patent crush- 
 er and Stubbs pans, with capacity for 150 gallons 
 per day. 
 
 A. Bonjour. bt>rn in Switzerland, 1835, emi-
 
 EXCELSIOR— BIOGRAPHICAL. 
 
 253 
 
 grated to America in 1872. Settled in Clian- 
 liassen, Carver county, Minnesota, wliere lie 
 remained for two years, when lie moved to Ex- 
 celsior, where lie has since resided. 
 
 A. D. Burch, born in St. Lawrence county. 
 New York, September, 1843. Moved to Michi- 
 gan in 1870, remained there until 1873. Came to 
 Excelsior, Minnesota, in 1878. Attended the 
 Wesleyan Seminary in St. Lawrence county, N. 
 Y., graduated in the law department at Ann 
 Arbor, Michigan, in 1869. He followed teaching 
 several years ; the present term is his third one 
 at Excelsior as principal of the graded schools. 
 Married in 1870 to Lotta Johnson, of Xew York. 
 Two children have been born to them. 
 
 J. II. Clark, born in Bennington, Vermont, 
 1830. Moved to Wyoming county, X. Y., thence 
 to DeKalb county, Illinois. ^larried Susan Dud- 
 ley in 1848 ; went to California in 1840 ; returned 
 in 1850 ; went again, and returned to Illinois in 
 1851, where he remained four years, removed to 
 St. Anthony, Minn. ; thence to Wayzata, lieing 
 one of the first settlers ; in 185H pre-empted the 
 land on which Long Lake village now stands ; in 
 the year ]8o8, moved to Excelsior, and in IsiiO re- 
 turned to Illinois and located in Henry county ; in 
 1862 enlisted in 112th Illinois regiment, serving as 
 Sergeant, promoted to Lieutenant by Governor 
 Yates, had entire command of the company for 
 two years ; was wounded at Atlanta, absent from 
 command only about four months ; joined the 
 company at battle of Franklin. On dispersion 
 of Hood's army joined Sheniian"s command at 
 Goldsboro, North Carolina, and was mustered 
 out at Greensboro, and honorably discharged at 
 Chicago, July 3, 1865, returning to his family in 
 Henry county, where he remained until the 
 spring of 1867, when lie returned to Excelsior. 
 Has been honored with all its otlices. lie repre- 
 sented his district, in 1877-8, in the House. He 
 is the father of eight children, seven now living. 
 
 Elijah Carson, born in Somerset county, Maine, 
 1806; lived there thirty years : moved to Cliica- 
 go and remained one year. All his family died 
 there excepting one daughter ; moved to Bloom- 
 ington, Illinois, and remained four years ; settled 
 in Excelsior, Minnesota, in 1855, and has lived 
 here ever since excepting four years in California. 
 Married in 1866 to Maria Wilson of Excelsior. 
 
 Daniel Connor, born in Ireland, 1823, moved 
 
 to America in 1849, and settled in New York 
 where he remained two years : moved to Elgin, 
 Illinois, and worked at shoeniaking five years ; 
 moved to Delavan, Wis., and lived five years, then 
 removed to Excelsior, Minnesota, and settled on 
 the banks of Lake Minnetonka. He began keeping 
 summer boarders in 1863, at Long \'iew House, 
 once known as the Water Cure site. Enlisted in 
 Independent Kangers, as 2nd Lieutenant, serving 
 as Captain Co. II, state Militia. Married in 1872 
 to ilary Ann Nifort. 
 
 Fritz Dittfach, born in Germany, 1843. Emi- 
 grated to America in 1869, and settled at Winona, 
 where he remained about one year, then to Rush- 
 ford, and worked two years as second miller, and 
 two years as first miller. Worked in the Anchor 
 mill at Minneapolis a short time; then took 
 cliarge of May's mill at Excelsior. Has been 
 married twice. His present wife was Janett 
 Miller, of Rushford. He has had four children; 
 three are now living. 
 
 Enos Day, born in SI. Albans, Vermont, in 
 1800. Lived there twenty-one years, then moved 
 to Franklin county. New York. Married to his 
 third wife, Lucinda Simonds, in 1833. Moved to 
 St. Anthony, Minnesota, in 1856, and to Excel- 
 sior the same year. Died in 1874. His wife died 
 in 1872. 
 
 George E. Day, born in Franklin county. New 
 York, in 1845. Lived with his parents until 
 their death, excepting the time spent in the army. 
 Enlisted August 14, 1S62. in Company B. 9tli 
 ^Minnesota Volunteers. Served tlu'ee years, and 
 was discharged at Fort Snelling. JNIarried in 
 1877 to Mrs. Stoddard, daughter of C. J. West- 
 lake. They have one child. 
 
 Alcibiades Day (deceased), born in Franklin 
 county. New York, 1839. Enlisted in Comiiany 
 E, 113th Illinois and died in the hospital at 
 Memphis, Tennessee, in the spring of 1862. 
 
 William H. Ferguson, born in Edinburgh, 
 Scotland, in 1816. Emigrated to .Vmerica in 
 1825. and settled in Maryland. Married in 18t5 
 to Lydia Dale Esty. Taught school in Rockland 
 county, New York, live years, and was railroad 
 agent in Chemung comity five years. Moved to 
 Minnesota in 1854, and settled on what is now 
 known as Ferguson's Point. His house was the 
 resort for the Indians. He was drowned Novem- 
 ber 22d. 1857. Thev had two children. Mrs.
 
 254 
 
 HISTOSY OF HENXEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 Ferguson was married in 1862 to Frederick Holtz, 
 of Prussia, who enlisted in Company G. 4tli Min- 
 nesota Volunteers, in November, 18(U. and was 
 wounded at Corinth, Mississippi, in July, 1862. 
 Died at Minneapolis. January ItUh, 1869. 
 
 P. M. Gideon was born in Champaign county, 
 Ohio, in 1820. Lived there twenty-one years, 
 then moved to Clinton. Illinois; from there to 
 Excelsior. Minnesota, in 18o3. where he found 
 plenty of Indians, and but half a dozen families 
 of whites around the lake. lie is superintendent 
 of the state experimental fruit farm, founded in 
 1878. He began fruit growing in 1854. His 
 efforts have been experimental, and have been to 
 his entire satisfaction ; he is now one of the most 
 successful fruit growers in Minnesota. Married 
 Wealthy Hall. January 2d, 1849. They have 
 seven children. 
 
 Silas Howard was born in Providence county, 
 Rhode Island, in 1804. "VVas engaged in the coal 
 and wood trade in the East until he came to 
 Minnesota in 1858, and took, under the home- 
 stead law, what is now known as Howard's 
 Point, located on upper Lake Minnetonka. Mar- 
 ried in 1845 to Lydia Reed. One child was born 
 to them— Simeon, born in 1846. Came to Min- 
 nesota with his parents, and lives on an adjoining 
 farm. He was married in 1870 to Adeline Kib- 
 bey. They have had three children, two now 
 living. 
 
 A. H. Hopkins, born in Providence. Rhode 
 Island, in 1837. Moved to Hennepin county in 
 1 854, and located near Hopkins Station. Married 
 in 1859 to Susan C. "Wood, of Providence. Re- 
 turned in the same year to the old home. In 
 1861 came to Excelsior, and has since made it his 
 home. Enlisted in 1862 in Company B,9th Min- 
 nesota Volunteers, serving one year under Gen. 
 Sibley among the Indians ; then under Generals 
 Smith and Sturgis, in the war of the Rebellion, 
 two years. "Was honorably discharged at Fort 
 Snelling in 1865. Is a member of the Old Set- 
 tlers' Association. They have four children now 
 living. 
 
 Andrew Hoiby, born in Norway, in 1846. 
 Came to America in 1868, and settled in Minne- 
 apolis, working at his trade luitil he moved to 
 Excelsior, in 1878, and established his present 
 business, blacksmith and wagon-maker. Has 
 been married twice. First wife died in Norway. 
 
 His second wife was Bertha Delle, of Excelsior, 
 whom he married in 1878. 
 
 L. C. Hilton, born in North New Castle, Maine, 
 where he lived for twenty-two years, when he 
 came to Minnesota, and settled at Princeton. 
 EnUsted at Red Wing, in Company F, 6th Min- 
 nesota A'olnnteers, Served in the company about 
 one year; then was transferred to the invalid 
 corps, and was honorably discharged at Fort 
 Snelling, Returned to Princeton, remained there 
 until 1877, then bought his present farm on Lake 
 Minnetonka. Married Lucretia tiarlinghouse, in 
 1S71, Is the father of four children, all living, 
 
 William Harvey, born in Scotland, 1813. Mov- 
 ed to America in 1850. Settled in Broome coun- 
 ty, N, Y., then moved to McLean county, Illi- 
 nois, Came to Hennepin county in 1854, and 
 took a claim in Excelsior, on which he has since 
 lived. Married 1835, in Scotland, to Isabel Mil- 
 ler, Had one child, that died in Scotland. 
 
 J. J, Harrison, bom in Erie, Pennsylvania, 
 1848, Moved to Juneau county, Wisconsin, 
 where he lived until he came to Minnesota in 
 1874, settling in Excelsior in 1877. In 1878 he 
 bought the blacksmith shop which he is now- 
 operating. Jilarried in Juneau county, Wiscon- 
 sin, to Abbie Button. They have three children 
 living. 
 
 August Hay. born in New York city, 1850. 
 Moved to ^linneapolis in 1867, and embarked in 
 the meat business, which lie followed until 1880, 
 when he located at Excelsior in the same busi- 
 ness. Married in 1877 to Caroline Thaler, of 
 New York City. Is the father of one child. 
 
 Jesse L. Jellison, born in Ellsworth. Maine, 
 1845. Moved to Springfield, Illinois ; moved to 
 Minneaiiolis when thirteen years old, which has 
 been his home since. Enlisted in company E, 
 Eighth Minnesota, in 1862, Served a few months, 
 when he enlisted again in Hatch's Battallion, in 
 1863, and served against the Indians. Was hon- 
 orably discharged at Fort Snelling in 1866. Mar- 
 ried in 1871 to Elldora Fuller. They have four 
 children. 
 
 W. B. Jones, born in Madison county, New 
 York. 1828. iloved and located in Saint An- 
 thony in 1855, then to Excelsior in l.SoG. Took a 
 claim, and in 1860 started a store. Was Post- 
 master for eighteen years. Has been twice mar-
 
 EXCELSIOR— BIOGRAPHICAL. 
 
 255 
 
 ried, the first time in 1850 ; the second in 1876 to I 
 Mary H. Moore. 
 
 A. W. Latham, born on Massachusetts Bay, 
 1845. Came to Minneapolis in 1865, and tanght 
 school two years. Served a short term in the war 
 of the rebellion. Married in 1867, to Miss D. W. 
 White. They have five children. He started a 
 nursery in 1870, and now has five acres appropri- 
 ated to grape culture. The stock of this nursery 
 is pecularly adapted to the climate of this state 
 and Manitoba. 
 
 W. H. LeVan, born in Columbia county, Ohio, 
 1844, where he lived until eighteen years of age, 
 when he moved to Washington county, Illinois. 
 There he remained, except a short time spent in 
 Ohio, until 1874, when he came to Excelsior. 
 Married in 1866, to Miss A. A. AVay, of Jefferson 
 county, Illinois. Tliey have five children. 
 
 E. K. Luce was born in Oneida county, Xew 
 York, 1839. He Lived there until twenty-six 
 years of age, then moved to Saint Joseph, Michi- 
 gan, and was engaged in the fruit business until 
 1878, when he moved to Minneai>olis. July loth, 
 1880, came to Excelsior and engaged with Aug- 
 ustin Thompson. Married in 1865, to Elizabeth 
 Dixon, of Oneida county. New York. Tliey have 
 one child. 
 
 T. McArty. liorn in Washington county, Indi- 
 ana, 1820. Lived in different parts of the state 
 until 1854, then moved to Carver county, Minne- 
 sota. He was married to Harriet A. Thompson, 
 of Elkhart county. Indiana, in 1848. He en- 
 listed in the Xew York Rifies in 1864. was taken 
 prisoner at Cold Harbor and taken to Auderson- 
 ville Prison, where lie died from ill treatment in 
 1865. They have five children. :\Irs. JIcArty 
 was born in Wayne county, Indiana, and now 
 lives at Excelsior. 
 
 R. B. McGrath, born in Oxford comity, Maine, 
 1831. Moved to Lewiston Falls in 1850, and 
 worked at carpentering. In 1851 he went to Chica- 
 go, then to Dubuque, Iowa, where he remained 
 until 1853. He then came to Excelsior. Was 
 the first white settler at this point, and built the 
 first log-cabiii. Enlisted in Company D, Second 
 Cavalry, in 1863, and was honorably discliarged 
 at Fort Snelling in 1865. Married to liis first 
 wife in 1856. She died in 1858. Married again 
 in 1866, to Nellie Midegly. They have two child- 
 ren. 
 
 O. C. Meaker, born in Monkton, Harrison 
 county, Vermont, 1835. When nine years of age 
 he went to Barre, Washington county, where he 
 lived eleven years, learning the moulder's trade 
 and working at the same. Moved to Jlinnesota 
 and settled in Excelsior in 1871, and has since re- 
 sided here, acting as Chairman of town board one 
 year and J ustice of the Peace two years. Married 
 Mary Hale, of Stowe, March 4th, 1856. 
 
 E. D. Newell, born in Essex county. New 
 York, 1848. Moved with parents to Prescott, 
 Wisconsin, and remained until 1877. Came to 
 Minneapolis in May. 1879, and in June of same 
 year moved to Excelsior and established his pres- 
 ent millinery and ladies' furnishing store, the 
 first one of the kind in the town. Married in 
 1871 to Edla D. Cook, of River Falls, Wisconsin. 
 Their two children liave passed to the better 
 land. 
 
 E. H. Page, Ijorn in Penn Van, Yates county. 
 New York, 1842. Moved with his parents to 
 Litchfield county, Connecticut, and lived there 
 until 1.SB7. when he moved to Excelsior, JNIinne- 
 sota. In 1875 he married Ellen II. Pease, a wid- 
 ow whose husband established the Pleasant 
 Grove House, which they have enlarged to double 
 its former capacity. They have four children. 
 
 E. R. Perkins. M. D., born in Orleans county. 
 New York, 1843. Received his medical educa- 
 tion at the Halinemann Homoeopathic Medical 
 College of Philadelpliia. First commenced the 
 practice of medicine at Excelsior. May. 1878. 
 Came to the state in 1854. JSIarried in 1864 Julia 
 A. Chase. Enlisted in 1861 in Company D, Sec- 
 ond Regiment Infantry. Discharged honorably 
 at Nashville. Tennessee. They have four child- 
 ren: Louis, Willie, Grade and Edna. 
 
 C. E. Prince, born at Windsor, Berkshire coun- 
 ty, Mass., in 1856, and resided there until 1862, 
 when he moved to South Adams, and remained 
 until 1874, then moved to Green Lake county, 
 Wisconsin. In 1875 came to Excelsior, Minne- 
 sota, where he has since lived. Has been in the 
 employ of L. F. Sampson and C. May, as book- 
 keeper, and is now engaged with A. Thompson. 
 
 L. F. Sampson was born in Franklin county, 
 Maine. 1843. and lived there until he came to 
 Saint Anthony in 1853, where he resided until 
 1864. He then settled in Excelsior. In 1876 es- 
 tabUshed himself in mercantile business. Ap-
 
 256 
 
 HISTORY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 pointed Postmaster in 1878. which office he now 
 holds. He enlisted in comyiany D. First Minne- 
 sota Infantry. :XIay. 1801. AVas wounded at the 
 battle of Antietam, and honorably discharged at 
 I'plin. Chester county. Pennsylvania, in the hos- 
 pital in 1863. Enlisted a.sain in Battery II. First 
 Minnesota Heavy Artillery, as First Sergeant, in 
 1865. and served until close of the war. Mar- 
 ried July. 1865. to Eliza Spaulduig. Have six 
 children. 
 
 Harvey E. Scott, born iu Orleans county. Ver- 
 mont. 1824. Came to Minnesota in 1865. En- 
 listed in company E. First Mimiesota Infantry, 
 and served under General ^IcClellan for three 
 years. Honorably discharged at Washington, 
 D. C. in 1864. Wounded and tiiken prisoner at 
 Savage's Station. Spent 23 days at " Libby 
 prison." Exchanged at City Pouit and transferred 
 to the A'eteran Reserve Conis. Came to Excel- 
 sior, and located where he now lives. Married 
 in 1869. to Mary E. Murray. They have three 
 children. 
 
 Silas A. Seamans. born iu Providence county, 
 R. I., in 1823. Moved and lived in Windham 
 county, Conn. When eighteen yeai-s old, returned 
 to Rhode Island, and came to excelsior in 1854. 
 When he first came here, there were but two 
 houses in the town. He took a claim, and has 
 been engaged in farming until the last few years, 
 which have been spent at his trade as painter. 
 He enUsted in company B. iXhith Minnesota 
 A'olunteers, and ser\ed among the Indians. He 
 has married tAvice. the second time to Elizabeth 
 Cole of Excelsior. 
 
 Rev. C. B. Sheldon, born in Williamstown. 
 Berkshire county, Mass.. in 1821. tiraduated at 
 William's College in 1847, then entered the AVes- 
 tern Reserve Theological Institute, where he re- 
 mained three years. First pastoral charge was at 
 Republic, Seneca county, Ohio. Remained there 
 until 1855. when he started for River Falls. AA'is., 
 with his own private conveyance, traveling a dis- 
 tance of over one thousand miles toPrescott, AA'is., 
 where he learned another minister had been ap- 
 pointed for River Falls, and thai the conference 
 had recommended him to Excelsior, Mimi. He 
 at once started for that place, and reached it No- 
 vember 16, 1855, where he found six houses, and 
 a church membership of thirty-seven. Preached 
 his first sermon in the sitting room of the hotel. 
 
 After that held meetings in Pease's Hall for 
 three years. Jilarried in 1847. to :Mary K. Pren- 
 tice, of South Canaan. Conn. They have eight 
 children living. 
 
 . William Simpson, born in New Brunswick, in 
 1837. where he remained until 1865. when he set- 
 tled at Excelsior, opened the Excelsior House, 
 which he conducted for two years ; then took the 
 AVhite House, which he has eidarged to accom- 
 modate about ninety guests. Married, in 1869, 
 to a daughter of Pardon Sherman, of Indiana. 
 
 G. A. Slater, born in Champaign county, Illin- 
 ois, in 1843. Came to Minnesota in 1865. Set- 
 tled in Carver county. Uved there until he 
 moved to Excelsior, where he has since resided. 
 In 1880. opened the Slater House, which he has 
 enlarged to accommodate fifty guests. ^Married, 
 in 1867. to Miss R. C. Thompson. They have 
 three children. 
 
 Z. D. Spaulding. bt)rn at Pomfort, A'ermont, 
 in 1821. Moved to Sullivan county. Xew Hamp- 
 shire : lived there twenty-two years, and moved 
 to Burrellville, R. I., where he learned the 
 machinists' trade. Came to Minnesota in 1854. 
 Settled near Excelsior, experiencing many hard- 
 ships, having to grind corn in a coffee mill. 
 Married bis third wife, Nancy J., daughter of 
 Amasa and Anna Seamans. in 1875. ^Ir. Spauld- 
 ing rememl^ers the Indian raid of 1862, very 
 distinctly. At that time many of his neighlioi-s 
 removed to Minneapolis. 
 
 P. H. Turner, born in Kennebec county. Maine, 
 in 1838. Came to Minnesota in 1856. and settled 
 in St. Anthony, where he conducted the harness 
 business. Also opened a shop in :Minneap(Jis. 
 managing both at the same time. He then spent 
 four years in Anoka county, farming. In 1876, 
 located in Excelsior, and opened the only harness 
 shop in town. Married, in 1876. to Beulah Phil- 
 brook. Have two children. 
 
 Augustin Thompson was born in Somerset 
 county, Maine, in 1847. and came to :Minnesota 
 in 1863. Located in Minneapolis. In 1874 he 
 engaged in the drug and fancy goods business, 
 which in 1879 he removed to Excelsior, and has 
 since conducted a general merchandise business. 
 Married. January loth, 1871, to Miss E. Xettie 
 Parker, of Minneapolis. She was the fifth white 
 child born in Hennepin county.
 
 MINNETBISTA—SETTLEMEN T. 
 
 257 
 
 MINNETRTSTA. 
 
 CHAPTER XLI. 
 
 GENERAL DESCRIPTION — FIRST SETTLEMENT — 
 EARLY SETTLERS — ORGANIZATION — SCHOOLS 
 
 — CHURCHES- POST OFFICES STORES— lilO- 
 
 GRAPHICAL. 
 
 Minnetrista is located in the extreme south- 
 western corner of Hennepin county. It is bound- 
 ed on the north by Independence, west and south 
 by Carver county, east by Excelsicu' and Medina. 
 The surface is gently undulating, with an occa- 
 sional abruption, which tends to enhance its gen- 
 eral appearance and take from it all evidence of 
 monotony. Originally, it was covered with a 
 heavy growtli of hard and soft maple, white and 
 red oak, bassvvood and elm. But these somewhat 
 formidable barriers have yielded to the advancing 
 stroke of settlement and civilization, and at the 
 present time, but a small portion of the original 
 timber remains, tlie settlers ha\'ing cleared it for 
 farming purposes. The town is dotted here and 
 there, with lakes, the largest one being Whale 
 Tail Lake, so called on account of its sliape. 
 No fish, like the one that gave Jonah hispre-his- 
 toric notoriety, swim its pure waters ; but the 
 modern sizes are found in abundance, which grow, 
 perhaps, with reference to the size of the modern 
 frying pan. Ox Yoke lake, which derived 
 its name from being in the form of an ox yoke ; 
 Long Lake, so named because of its length, 
 which is more tlian one mile ; Dutch lake, so 
 named in an early day on account of there being 
 a settlement of Germans on its borders. Here 
 they settled, bringing with them the manners and 
 customs of the Father-land, only to be crystal- 
 lized into the American manners and customs. 
 Langdon Lake, in honor of B. V. Langdon, 
 the first clerk of this town ; "Woodward lake. 
 in honor of D. Woodward who located on its 
 
 banks. Sanders Lake, named for N. H. Sanders, 
 17 
 
 who settled on land lying between Ilalsted's 
 Bay and the lake bearing his name. He was 
 one of the pioneer settlers of the south-east- 
 ern part of the town, which is almost entire- 
 ly covered by Lake Minnetonka and small bays, 
 prominent among which are ••Ilalsted's" bay, in 
 honor of Frank W. Halsted, an old settler, and 
 "Cook's" bay, named in honor of M.S. Cook who 
 is one of the pioneers. 
 
 FIRST SETTLEMENT. 
 
 The different parts of the town of Minnetrista, 
 seem to have been settled, at or near the same 
 time. In the south- western part two brothers, 
 Joseph and John Merz, made a claim of 320 
 acres, on section thirty-two, some time during 
 the fall of 1S.58. Init did not locate here until the 
 spring of 1854. During the same year a claim of 
 141 acres was made by John Carman (then 
 living in Excelsior) for M. S. Cook. This claim 
 was made on section thirteen, on what is now 
 known as Cook's Bay. In the spring of 18o4, X. 
 11. Sanders and J. F. Buck, arrived and made 
 claims in this part of the township. They at 
 once erected a log-house on Sander's claim, in 
 which they lived the first summer. In the fall of 
 this year M. S. Cook arrived and built a house on 
 his claim. The first settlement made in the 
 north-western part of the town, was by Samuel 
 L. Merriman, who made a claim of 120 acres on 
 section six in the spring of 18.57. 
 
 EARLY SETTLERS. 
 
 Among the very earliest settlers on Upper Lake 
 Minnetonka was Frank William Halsted, who, in 
 the summer of 18oo built his first home, •• Rough 
 and Ready " cabin, on the west shore of that 
 beautiful bay, designated on the map of Lake 
 Minnetonka in honor of him, as •• Ilalsted's Bay." 
 The clearing, about an acre, and the cellar of that 
 cabin, yet mark the spot; around, the grand old 
 woods yet remain, as when he for many years
 
 258 
 
 HISTOBY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 viewed and enjoyed them. Likewise the beautiful 
 water views in front of his cabin home. Capt. 
 Ilalsted was born in Xewark. New Jersey, in 1833, 
 and was the youngest sou of the late Chancellor, 
 Oliver Spencer Ilalsted. of Xew Jersey. AVhen 
 sixteen years old. having a taste for the sea. 
 he adopted Greeley's advice, " Go west, youug 
 man." and went to that lltima Tluik. California, 
 by way of Cape Horn, three brothers accompa- 
 nying him. Keturning in 1850. he next sought 
 the West, overland, coming to Mmnesota in 18.5.5. 
 He remained until the l)reaking out of the Re- 
 bellion, in ISiil, when, feeling competent to serve 
 his country in the naval service, he obtained a 
 commission in June or July of that year, as mas- 
 ter's mate, and served under Flag Officers String- 
 ham and (ioldsborough. most of the time in com- 
 mand of a vessel comprising part of that fleet. 
 At the capture of llatteras Inlet. August 28th 
 and 29th. 18(51 . he with his brother. Major G. B. 
 Halsted (the latter then secretary to Flag Ofticer 
 Stringham). were on lx)ard the flagship Minne- 
 sota. (One of the pictures in the Hermitage is 
 a very flue view of that famous ship and tights 
 Dissatisfied with Flag Officer Goldsborough, 
 whose loyalty and courage they doubted, both 
 the brothers resigned, the elder, the secretary, 
 now the major, November Vith, 18t>l, joining the 
 army November 11th, 1861, as lieutenant and aid- 
 de-camp to ■• fighting Phil Kearney," was in the 
 war to the end, being at Appomattox Court- 
 House when Lee surrendered. Frank resigned 
 later, at Hampton Roads, refusing to serve longer 
 under GoldsV)orougli. wliom he told on the deck of 
 the Minnesota. " By your vulgar aud foul- 
 mouthed profanity you violate, every day, m the 
 presence of this ship's crew, the articles of war you 
 have read to them on Sunday." His resignation 
 then and there, was not done with the intention of 
 remaining inactive while war was going on against 
 the government beloved. Soon after, lie enlisted 
 as an aide seaman, in Chicago, and was sent the 
 same day, in charge of a squad of men, to the 
 receiving ship, of the Mississippi squadron, at 
 Cairo. Xot long after joinmg. he went before a 
 l)oard of officers, appomted for the purpose of ex- 
 amining and selecting any then in the service 
 who might prove competent for promotion. He 
 was appointed acting master in the U. S. Xavy. 
 which look him in one step, from the forecastle. 
 
 past the steerage, into the ward-room, thus soon 
 finding in this squadron, higher ranktlianhe had 
 held in the Xorth Atlantic squadron. He has 
 related an mcident, occurring soon after his pro- 
 motion, when, on being detailed to sit as member 
 of a court martial, lie found beside him at the 
 table the officer to whom, but a short time before, 
 he had enlisted as an able seaman, who. with a 
 look of great surprise, inquired how he came 
 there: to which came tlie prompt reply. ■• By the 
 same orders which brought you here." Most of 
 tlie time in the Mississippi squadron he was in 
 command of the steamer General Pillow, sta- 
 tioned at Mound City, surrounded by and in the 
 care and charge of a great numlier of vessels, 
 loaded with all kinds of ammunition, for the 
 destniction of which the ■■Johnny Rebs" 
 were constantly de\'ising schemes : m which, 
 however, owing to the care and vigilance of 
 Capt. Halsted, they were foiled. A\'hile here, 
 his own steamer. General Pillow, took tire, 
 and an eye witness, on the vessel at the time, 
 heard from officers and men warm praise of 
 the gallantry and daring of their commander, 
 who, taking the hose in his own hands, gomg be- 
 low^ where the fire was located, not far from the 
 magazine, remained until the fire was extin- 
 guished. After the close of the war, beuig hon- 
 orably discharged, he returned to his loved Min- 
 nesota home, and. in 18G6. built his larger cabin, 
 on the main lake, well known as ■■ The Hermit- 
 age." 
 Here he resided tuitil the time of his sad death 
 
 m 1876. Though often solicited by his admiring 
 neighbors to accept pidilic positions in civil life, 
 he declined, with the excei>tion of Justice of the 
 Peace, and on another occasion serving as one of 
 a commission for the improvement of navigation 
 on Lake Minnetonka. 
 
 "We think it would be found on investigation 
 that the fii^st marriage in the town of Minuetris- 
 ta. was solenmized liy Justice Halsted. We have 
 heard him laugh over his experience in joining 
 together his two German neighboi-s. making the 
 two, one. Dwelling alone for many years, nay. 
 all the time on Lake Minnetonka. except occa- 
 sional visits of relatives from the East, he 
 acquired the name of "Hermit of Lake Miinie- 
 tonka" and his cabin. --Tlie Hermitage." Yet 
 those who knew him then, and recall him now,
 
 MINNMTBISTA—EABLY SETTLEBS. 
 
 2o9 
 
 easily remember, there was not mudi of tlie j 
 accepted attributes of tlie old time Hermit, in 
 Captain Frank (as lie was often called) whose 
 companionable qualities of heart and head, were 
 well known to all having the pleasure of his 
 aciiuaintance. 
 
 His cabin had more charms for its owner than 
 the city could offer, and he here passed much of 
 his time in company, as he said, of the best of 
 men and women, his favorite authors ; his 
 shelves being well supplied with copies of the 
 American and English classic authors, both in 
 poetry and prose. He was an excellent sailor and 
 kept a small sloop yacht, which was always ready 
 for his friends, who could with safety trust them- 
 selves to his skillful pilotage. No one on Lake 
 Minnetonka was more popular with summer visi- 
 tors, or more respected by inhabitants of its 
 shores, old and young, than Frank Halsted. 
 
 In the winter of 1875-6, he built, near "The 
 Hermitage," the beautiful steamer "Mary,"' called 
 by this name in honor of the kindest of mothers, 
 then deceased. Before she was fully completed, 
 in June 1876, the subject of this sketch, disap- 
 peared from his home, and after several days his 
 body was found in the Lake, near Crane Island, 
 under such circumstances as induced the Jury of 
 Inquest to conclude it was a case of suicide. 
 
 In compliance with an oft expressed wish, that 
 when he died, lie wanted to be buried on the bank 
 of the lake he loved so well, he was buried at 
 " The Hermitage." The true cause of this much 
 lamented and melancholy occurrence, must ever 
 remain a mystery. The Captain died, and made 
 no sign. Those who knew him be^t, and his 
 highly refined and sensitive nature, and especially 
 his repugnance to indebtedness, believe that he 
 became despondent over an midertaking less for 
 pecuniary gain, or the hope thereof, than for pro- 
 viding increased facilities and boat accommoda- 
 tions for the rapidly increasing intlux of summer 
 visitors to Lake Minnetonka. Owe no man any- 
 thing, was his motto. He felt the truth of the 
 text, "the debtor is slave to the creditor." In 
 building the "Mary" he incurred debts, whidi, 
 to ordinary business men, would have been a 
 trifle ; to him it was a load more than he could 
 bear. He died lamented by all who knew him, 
 and is yet held in most pleasing remembrance. 
 
 John Carman, one of the early settlers of this 
 
 county, was born in New Jersey, in 1801, where 
 he remained for twelve years, when he moved to 
 Pennsylvania, and worked on a farm until twenty 
 years of age. He was married to Miss Susan 
 Cope, of Pennsylvania, and afterward moved his 
 family to Mahoning county, Ohio, where be re- 
 mained until 1853, when he moved to Minnesota, 
 stopping a few months in Ramsey county; thence 
 to Minnetonka, in September, of the same year, 
 and pre-empted what isiiow known as " Carman's 
 Pomt," on Upper Lake Minnetonka, where the 
 beautiful resort, " Spring Park," is located. He 
 lived there until 1860, wlien he sold and moved 
 to the place now known as " Maple Shade.'' In 
 1868 he returned to New Jersey, where he died, 
 December 13, 1877. His family consisted of seven 
 children : Ann, William, Carry, Benton, Mary, 
 Frank, Emma and Lizzie. His son Frank was 
 born in Ohio, and now lives at Mound City. Is 
 one of the navigators of the Lake, and runs a 
 steam freight boat from Mound City to Wayzata. 
 
 Mathias S. Cook, one of the early pioneers of 
 the town, was born in Columbiana county, Ohio, 
 May 19th, 1830 ; lived with his parents, Job and 
 Mary A. Cook, mitil twenty years of age. He 
 was married in 1850, to Miss Anna W., daughter 
 of John and Susan Carman, of Ohio. In 1854, 
 he moved to Miimesota, and settled on the claim 
 where he now lives. His first dwelling was a log 
 cabin, 14x20, one and one-half stories high, it 
 being the third house built on the upper lake, and 
 was the stopping place for tlie weary traveller in 
 those early days. His buildings are now 56x42 
 feet, and three stories high. Situated on the 
 north margin of " Cook's Bay," known through 
 all this region as " Cook's Landing." Air. Cook 
 has, M'ith many others, had his full share of the 
 hardships known only to those ^^ho lived here in 
 those early days ; is now an honored and respect- 
 ed citizen of his town, and has filled many offi- 
 ces of public trust. 
 
 Frederick A. Jennings, one of the early settlers 
 of the town, was born in London, England, May 
 19th. 1807. His father, an officer in the British 
 army, died in 1819. In 1822, the subject of this 
 sketcli, emigrated to America, and in 1828 mar- 
 Miss Mary Moult, who died in 1830. Mr. Jen- 
 nings embarked in commission business, dealing 
 largely in iron. In connection with this, he op- 
 erated the first and only rolling mill near Phila-
 
 260 
 
 HISTOBY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 delpbia. lie also introduced the fii'st process of 
 puddling iron by stone coal heat, which was a 
 great economy in its manufacture; which busi= 
 ness he continued up to 1842, when he moved to 
 Centre county, Pennsylvania, establishing a large 
 mercantile trade, conducting a furnace, and run- 
 ning several freight boats to Philadelphia. Tliis 
 business he conducted for ten years, then made a 
 visit to England, being appointed by Secretary 
 Webster to bear messages to England ; remained 
 there one year. Returned, and lived in Pitts- 
 burgh, engaging wlUi llarvy Chikls & Co. for sev- 
 eral years. In the fall of 1855, his family moved to 
 Minnesota and settled on the farm he now owns. 
 In 1857. he joined his family in their new- wild 
 home, on what is now known as " Jennings Bay," 
 Lake Minnetouka, oneof the attractive views of 
 this famous resort, lie remained with his family 
 until 1 861 , when he was appointed to a fourth class 
 clerkship in the United States Treasury Depart- 
 ment at Washington, where he remained until 
 1877, when he returned to his pleasant home in 
 Minnetrista. to live free from the strain of com- 
 mercial and political life. His second marriage, 
 to Mary A. Parrish, occurred July, 1832. He has 
 five children living ; Frederick A., Elizabeth :P., 
 Annie P., Susan J., and James G. His son 
 Fred, served in the First Minnesota, also in 
 the Second, and ranked as 1st Lieutenant; was in 
 N"ew Mexico, on garrison duty ; at the end of tlie 
 rebellion mustered out at St. Louis, ilissouri ; 
 now lives in ilinneapolis. 
 
 Samuel L. Merrinian, one of the earliest settlers 
 of Minnetrista, was born in Alleghany county, 
 New York, 1825. When twenty years old learned 
 the shoemakers trade, which he followed for five 
 years, then bought half interest in a lumbering 
 mill and operated inuler the name of Jiler- 
 riman and I»Ioorehouse for two years, when he 
 sold his interest and moved to Cumberland 
 county, Illinois, and engaged in farming and 
 other pursuits till tlie spring of 1856, when 
 he came to what is now Jilumetrista and pre- 
 empted the farm on which he now lives. 
 Like many other pioneers of the northern wilds 
 he suffered many hardships during the early 
 years of his life here. May, 1851, was married 
 to Miss Marian, daughter of Lovet H. and Xancy 
 Obert, of Alleghany county, New York, who 
 died February, 1877. 
 
 ORGANIZATION. 
 
 April 10. 1858, Town 117. Range 24, was set 
 apart by the county commissioners as ''German 
 Home." This name was retained until the organ- 
 ization of the town, which occurred in the spring 
 of 1859, when the legal voters met at the house 
 of M. S. Cook and took steps for the organiza- 
 tion of the same. Several names were proposed 
 and rejected. The name of Minnetrista wiis 
 finally proposed and accepted. Minne (meaning 
 waters) and trista (meaning crooked), and from 
 the fact that the town contained so many crook- 
 ed lakes, this name was considered as the most 
 appropriate, and was accepted. Tlie first election 
 was held at this time, when the following oflieers 
 were elected : Supervisors, Peter Mitchels, chair- 
 man, M. S. Cook. Ephraim Dudley ; Town clerk, 
 R. Y. Langdon. 
 
 At a special meeting held December 31, 1864, 
 it W'as voted to raise fifteen dollars for each family 
 wherein were drafted men. Tlie following re- 
 ceived that amount : Warren Merrimaii, A. Black, 
 Cyrus Beaman, Martin Ort, John Keiser, Henry 
 Trunes, John Adelberger, Joseph Ebert, A. Ebert, 
 Joseph Ball, A. Schneider, F. Merz, John Ilirsch- 
 berger, Wm. Schuler, Joseph Schmidt, James 
 Bailey and Epliraim Dudley. The town levied a 
 tax for the extermination of sijuirrels. March 14, 
 1876, resolved, that two cents each be paid, for 
 rat, goplier and chipmunk tails. The tcnvii con- 
 tains 18,576 acres. Assessed valuation of real 
 estate in 1880, $219,359. Personal property, 
 ?33.806. Total amount of taxes. 1880, $2,540, 
 with a population of 844. 
 
 CHUUCHES. 
 
 The German Baptist Church, located on Section 
 32, was organized November 22, 1858, and the 
 present church, a log structure, was built iu 1865, 
 at a cost of about floO. It has services every 
 Sunday, also a Sunday School, which is well 
 maintained. 
 
 St. Bonifaciiis Catholic Church, built in 1859, 
 is a log structure, and was organized by Father 
 Shearer, now of Hastings. In connection with 
 the above churcli is a parish school, which was 
 started, and the building erected, in 1864. 
 
 SCUOOLS. 
 
 This town was divided by the Town Supervisors 
 in 1861, into three districts. It now has five.
 
 MINNETBISTA—HOTJELS—STOBES— BIOGRAPHICAL. 
 
 261 
 
 Schools had been held, however, previous to this 
 time ; one at the house of a Mr. Gribble, near 
 where Mound City now stands, in the summer of 
 1860, and taught by Miss Celia iSturman. Another 
 was held in the house of Peter Mitchels, and 
 taught by Miss Emma Carman. School No. 86, 
 located on section 13, was the first school house 
 built in the town, is a log structure, and still 
 stands. School No. 96 is located on Section 32. 
 School No. 84. is located on Section ■'). School 
 No. 83, (Joint Miinietrista and Independence) lo- 
 cated on Section 2, in the north part of the town. 
 
 HOTEL.S. 
 
 Mr. M. S. Cook has " kept liotel "' ever since his 
 first settlement, and may be truly called the pio- 
 neer hotel man of the Upper Lake. Is now owner 
 of the " Lake View " house, so called from its 
 fine view of the Upper Lake. Many of the sum- 
 mer tourists find their way to this l)eautifnl 
 retreat, beguiling the time in fishing on the lake, or 
 hunting in the woodlands that surround '"Cook's." 
 
 Chapman House was built by S. Chapman, 
 in 1875; a structure 32x44 feet, three stories 
 high. In 1876 an addition, 26 x 32 feet, three stories 
 high, was made, and in 1878 a dining-hall, 22 x 64, 
 with an L, 17x34 feet, capable of seating three 
 hundred people, was added, making it large, airy 
 and commodious. 
 
 STEAM MILI>. 
 
 Mr. Cook built a flour and feed mill in 1.S80, 
 14x20 feet, engine room 12x24 feet, one run of 
 stone, which is found to be a great convenience. 
 S. L. Merriman, also runs a small feed-mill during 
 the winter time, for the accommodation of the 
 neighborhood. 
 
 POST-OFFICES. 
 
 The first post-offlce in the town was established 
 in 1856, and named St. Bonifacius, John Merz 
 appointed postmaster. It was moved one mile 
 north of the village in 1873. Minnetrista post- 
 office was established in 1861, on section 6, and 
 Norman Shook appointed postmaster. A post- 
 offlce was established in 1876 at Mound City, and 
 a Mr. Pearl appointed postmaster. 
 
 STORES. 
 
 The first store in the town was started at St. 
 Bonifacius, by .John Merz and Anthony Cramer, 
 in 18.59, Mr. Merz succeeding to the entire control 
 
 one year later. At Mound City there are two 
 stores carrying a general stock. The first was 
 established in the fall of 1876, by Hill. Acker \- 
 Armstrong, of St. Paul, who sold to Griggs, Fos- 
 ter & Co., who are its present proprietors. The 
 second store was started by E. Weeks, in the fall 
 of 1880. 
 
 SHOPS. 
 
 The first blacksmith shop was established on 
 section 10, by A. W. (Jlark, in the fall of 1866. 
 In 1868 he built where he now is, on section 9. 
 Another blacksmith shop was started at Jtlound 
 City, in 1876, which was operated for a short time. 
 
 nrOGHAPUICAL. 
 
 Richard Ball was born in England, August 2'J. 
 1819. He lived with his father, who was a mem- 
 ber of Parliament. 12 years. At the age of nine- 
 teen he Vi'ent to New Zeahuul. spent five years 
 there merchandizing. Returned to England and 
 went to Australia, spent ten \ears there, doing a 
 very successful mercantile Ijusiness. Retm'ued 
 to England and established a large mercantile 
 and farming business until 1876, when he emi- 
 grated to America, and settled on the farm where 
 three of his sons now live. In the spring of 1880 
 he bought 'the Delano Flouring and Saw mill, 
 which he is now improving to make it the best 
 mill in Wright county. He now lives at Delano 
 village. AVas married in England to Miss Eliza- 
 beth Masters. They have eight children. 
 
 Frank Carman was born in Ohio, and came to 
 Minnesota with his parents in 1823. lie enlisted 
 in Company D, Sixth Minnesota Infantry in 1862, 
 and served until mustei-ed out at Fort Snelling 
 in 1865. He was married to Miss Adelia Moore 
 of Hennepin county, Marcli 22. 1S6S, and the 
 year following, located at the pleasent home in 
 Movmd city where he has since resided. They 
 have four children ; Herbert, James, Mabel and 
 Delia. Mr. Carman is engaged in running a 
 steam freight boat, betv*een Mound City and 
 Wayzata on Lake Minnetonka. 
 
 Allen W. Clark \\as born in ( 'alaraugus county. 
 New York, March 22, 1830. His father died 
 July 4, 1852, leaving Allen to care for the family, 
 which he did faithfully. He was engaged in 
 blacksmithing until 1866, wlien he came to Mhnie- 
 Irista, where he has since divided his time in 
 farming and blacksmithing. In 1870, his shop
 
 262 
 
 HISTOBT OF HENNEPIX COUNTY. 
 
 was destro}-ed by fire, and in 1877 his liouse was 
 burned ; after each disaster he rebuUt. He was 
 married Xoveniber 2, 1854. to Miss Abigal K. 
 Merriman of X Y. They have two children. 
 
 Ashbel lugerson was bom in Jefferson county. 
 Xew York, Sei)tember 19. 1827. At the age of 
 eighteen he went to Georgia and remained three 
 years teaching school. He spent four years as 
 civil engineer in Xew York state, and came 
 west in 1855. Remained in Indiana one year, 
 and then came to Steele county. Minnesota. In 
 1858 was elected county surveyor. In 1862 he 
 enlisted in the Fifth Minnesota, and served ten 
 months, participating in several battles ; he was 
 then transfered to the signal service and dis- 
 charged in 1865. He was clerk in the United 
 States Treasury department for two years, and 
 in 1867 settled in Hennepin county. He was 
 engaged four seasons on government sur\eys in 
 northern Minnesota. He represented his district 
 in the house in 1875, and has taken an active 
 part in public affaii^s. In 1880 he removed to his 
 present home. ■'Aralia." on the west bank of 
 Minnetonka. He married Sarah A. Chase in 
 1857, and they have had six children. 
 
 Aaron ^lerriman [deceased] was born in Una- 
 dilla. Otsego county. Xew York. July 12th. 1801. 
 When twelve years of age he moved with the fam- 
 ily to Alleghany county, Xew York. Married, 
 March 8th. 1821 . to Miss Charlotte Taylor. They 
 have seven children living. He spent most of his 
 time in milling and farming, up to 1866, when he 
 came to Mhnietrista. Mr. Merriman died. Sep- 
 tember loth. 1875. 
 
 Warren Men-iman was born in Alleghany coim- 
 ty, Xew York. February 16th. 1823. He lived 
 with his parents until eighteen yeare of age, when 
 for one year he worked on the Erie canal, then 
 worked at the carpenter and joiner trade for 
 about twenty-two years. In 1862 he settled in 
 Minnetrista. May 28th. 1864. enlisted in Co. I. 
 Sixth Mum. Inf. Served one year and was mus- 
 tered out at Montgomery. Alabama. Married 
 Miss Rhoda Clark. December 31st. 1864: Had 
 four children. The living ones are Anor A. and 
 Joseph A, 
 
 Eugene Merriman was born in Alleghany 
 county. Xew York, March 17th. 1N50. He worked 
 on the farm with his father, tUl 1866, wlien with 
 his parents he came to Minnetrista. and settled. 
 
 Married June 21st. 1871. to Miss Lorena Cook. 
 They have four children 
 
 Francis McCuUough was born in Crawford 
 county, Pennsylvania, March 22d, 1843, He lived 
 in ChautaiKiua county. Xew York, six years, and 
 in Alleghany two years. In 1852. went to McKean 
 county, Pennsylvania. In December, 1861, en- 
 listed in Co. F. 1st Pennsylvania Rifles: ser\-ed 
 luitil 1864. when he was appointed by General 
 Meade. 2d Lieut, of Co. I. 190th Penn. Inft. He 
 was taken prisoner at "Weldon R. R.. August 19th. 
 1864. and kept in Libby Prison two montlis, also 
 at SaulsVnuy Prison, one month: then to Danville, 
 and back to Libby Prison again: in one month 
 was paroled, and taken to Annapolis hospital, 
 Maryland. Returned home on a furlough, joined 
 his regiment again, and after Lee's surrender, 
 was mustered out at Washington, June, 1865. 
 In the fall, he came to St. Anthony. Minnesota. 
 April 30th. 1868. was married to Miss Susan J. 
 Jemiings, They have six children : Mary P.. 
 Francis E., Frederick J.. WilUam E.. Ellanora J., 
 Lucy A. The family moved to their present 
 home on Jeunuigs Bay. Lake Minnetonka. in 1868. 
 
 Eliza J. Roemer, the sidjject of this sketch, 
 was bom in Lincoln. Maine, March 26th, 1831, 
 and came with her parents. W. S. and Matilda 
 Stinson.in 1849. to St. Anthony. Miiuiesota. Jan- 
 uary 27th, 1850. she married W. M. DwineUs, 
 of Ramsey county, who was one of the fii"st brick 
 makers in St. Paul, where he died. June 19th. 
 1875. In 1876. the widow and family came to Min- 
 netrista. She has three children living. Charles 
 C. Clara B.. and Emma J. July 9th, 1877, Mre. 
 Dwinells married AV. H. Roemer, who was bom, 
 April 21st. 1850. in Pike county. Pennsylvania, 
 and commenced photographing at thirteen yeai-s 
 of age. then learned the harness trade, and fol- 
 lowed other pureuits until isGS. when he came to 
 Minnetrista. They have a tine home, three miles 
 south of Maple Plain. 
 
 William T. Wliitehouse was born in Brooklyn. 
 Xew York. January 12th. 1852. Married in 1872, 
 to Miss Mary Major. He did a large busuiess in 
 boots and shoes at Troy, till 1876, then moved to 
 St. Paul, and engaged in the same business. In 
 
 1877. he bouglit the place where he now Uves. 
 
 1878. nioNcd his family to what is now called 
 •• Maple Shade." He organized the ^Miiuietonka 
 Xavigation Company in 1880. He intends to have 
 the largest fleet of steamei-s on Lake Minnetonka.
 
 INDEPENDENCE— EARL Y SETTLERS. 
 
 263 
 
 INDEPENDENCE. 
 
 CHAPTER XLII. 
 
 GENERAL DESCRIPTION — EARLY SETTLERS — 
 TOWN ORGANIZATION, ETC. — STATISTICS — 
 VILL.\GES—R.\ILROADS— SCHOOLS— CHURCHES 
 — BIOGR.\PHIC.\L. 
 
 Independence is situated in the western iiaitof 
 tlie county, and derives its name from Lake In- 
 dependence, a large lake lying partly in this town 
 and partly in Medina. The surface is mainly 
 rolling and timbered. A belt of nearly level land , 
 however, extends around Maple Plain, and to the 
 southwest. The town is well supplied with wild 
 meadow land, and has many small marshes. 
 Nearly a dozen lakes dot the surface, and two 
 streams flow through it. Lake Independence is 
 the largest of the lakes, and is situated a mile 
 from the little village of Maple Plain. It is a 
 beautiful sheet of water, about two miles in 
 length, an<l one in width, with good Ashing. The 
 scenery around the lake is very charming, notice- 
 able features of which are. Cedar Point, at the 
 north, and Pickerel Point, at the southwest. 
 The lake derived its name from a party of Fourth 
 of July excursionists. Kelsey Ilinman, one of 
 the party, named it Lake Independence, in honor 
 of the national holiday, on which their excursion 
 took place. In the northern part of the lake is a 
 small island, which was once covered with red 
 cedar, and has several times been hihaliited for a 
 short time. The outlet of Lake Independence is 
 Pioneer Creek, the principal stream of the town. 
 This stream flows in a southwesterly course across 
 the town, into one of the small lakes, winch, in 
 this county, are frequently united in a chain by 
 small creeks, until, at last, their waters are dis- 
 charged into the boundary rivers. The soil of 
 the town is a close clay, of grayish color. The 
 timber is hard wood, with a liberal intermixture 
 of basswood. 
 
 EARLY SETTLERS. 
 
 The town was flrst settled in 1854-0, by Job 
 Moffat, Iivin Shrewsbury, John R. McGary, E. 
 Hoisington, John M. Williams, J. B. Perkins, E. 
 Brandon. AV'illiam Fogleman and others. The 
 death of ^Nlr. Lewis was the first in the present 
 limits of the town. The flrst white child born 
 in the town was Lizzie, daughter of Daniel and 
 Margaret Styner. She is now Mrs. E. B. Dodd. 
 and resides in Minneapolis. Tlie flrst marriage 
 was that of Kelsey Ilinman and Miss Lydia Ann 
 Moffat, in the siiringof 1S.5(). The mother of the 
 bride. Mrs. Job Moffat, was the flrst white woman 
 in the town. The family removed, several years 
 since. Mrs. Wm. Fogleman is the oldest settler 
 of those now remaining. Her family came origi- 
 nally from Xorth Carolina, but had lived twenty 
 years in Indiana before coming to Minnesota. 
 
 They reached the present site of Wayzata, 
 !May 12th. 1855. cutting their own road a portion 
 of the way from Minneapolis. They made a 
 claim on Long Lake, but soon left it for their 
 present location, near >Iaple Plain, .\mong the 
 old settlers of Independence was ^Mlliam Cox, 
 who made and improved a claim, now ow-ned by 
 Joshua Styner, on section 22. He came here 
 from Indiana, in 1850, and had never seen a rail- 
 road until the present line was built through his 
 farm; although over sixty years old. About two 
 years after the road was built he moved to low'a, 
 and died soon after. One mile west of JIaple 
 Plaui, and lying partly on the original claim of 
 Mr. Cox, is Armstrong, a flag station, now little 
 used, and having no agent. 
 
 In 1S57, John and Xeedham Perkins, laid out a 
 village plat on the soulli liank of Lake Indepen- 
 dence, a part of whicli is now in ^ledina. They 
 each built a frame dwelling-house. These were 
 the flrst frame buildings in this region, and are 
 still standing. Needliam Perkins also built a 
 saw-mill, and opened a small store, both of which
 
 264 
 
 HISTORY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 were abandoned after about two years. A school- 
 house was also erected in the present limits of 
 Medina. 
 
 Aside from the inconveniences incident to west- 
 ern emigration, the early settlers of Indepen- 
 dence suffered from two causes not usual — In- 
 dians and grasshoppers. These two pests caused 
 inconvenience and — the latter especially — hard- 
 ship. Hordes of 8ioux. not at this time posi- 
 tively hostile, hovered around the settlements, 
 rendering themselves obnoxious as beggars and 
 pilferers. In the winter of 18.56-7. about 300 
 of them were encamped on Pioneer Lake, and 
 the following winter about douVile the number 
 wintered on the same camping ground. Shako- 
 pee, a sub-chief, was their leader, w ho fell at the 
 battle of Wood Lake, near the Yellowstone, in 
 an engagement with General Sibley's expedition, 
 in 1862. Their circle hunts swept the game in 
 the near vicinity out of the reach of the settlers, 
 and deprived them of even a fair share. During 
 the first winter of their unwelcome visit, they 
 killed 209 deer, in the near vicinity of their camp. 
 
 The grasshopper scourge was. however, the 
 greatest hardship. Late in July, 1856. invading 
 swarms came from the nortliwest, and began 
 overspreading the country. In the fall, vast 
 swarms invaded this town, and remained until 
 the following June. Xo green leaf or herb 
 escaped the voracious insects, either in the fall 
 or spring, and starvation seemed imminent. For- 
 timately, relief came to the afflicted settlers from 
 a novel source. There arose a demand for an un- 
 usual article, the ginseng root, with whidi the 
 woods aboinided. Agents were stationed at \arious 
 points, to purcliase it for shipment to China. The 
 settlers seem to have been provided for by a dis- 
 pensation almost as miraculous as the feeding of 
 the children of Israel with manna. They collect- 
 ed large amounts of the root, and by money re- 
 ceived from its sale, tided over the hardship. 
 
 TOWN ORGANIZATION, ETC. 
 
 The town was organized in 18-58. and the tirst 
 town meeting held on Tuesday, May 11th. at the 
 house of .1. Wilson. The meeting was called to 
 order by Ricliard McGary. Robert P. Stinson 
 was chosen Moderator and William C. Hazleton, 
 Clerk. The whole number of votes cast was 
 18, and the following officers chosen. Supervisors: 
 
 Irvin Shrewsbury, Chairman. Daniel Styner and 
 Ebeuezer Brandon: Clerk. Norman Shook; 
 Assessor, William C. Hazleton: Collector, X. E. 
 McGary; Justices of the Peace. Eobert P. Stin- 
 son and Henry Swingler; Constables. Wesley 
 Hall and Earl Iloisington; Overseer of High- 
 ways. John C. Williams. The first regular meet- 
 ing of the new Board was held May lilth, at 
 which meeting, it was ordered that each 160 acres 
 of land in the town be assessed at SoOO.and that a 
 tax of tliirty cents per SlOO be levied upon such 
 lands for roads and highways: also ordered, "that 
 each and every inhabitant over the age of twenty- 
 one and under the age of tifty years, shall per- 
 form two days work as directed li\ the Over- 
 seer of Roads and Highways." At a meeting of 
 the Board to audit accounts. March 2!>th. 18.59, 
 the orders delivered and audited amounted to 
 $98.59, which amount represented the town ex- 
 penses for its tirst year. We also give a com- 
 parison of the amotuit of mail matter, ten years 
 ago and now as a significant item. Ten years 
 ago. when George W. Smith first became post- 
 master at Maple Plain, one pigeon-liole, 3Jx4 
 niches, furnished ample storage for all mail mat- 
 ter. X'ow, two hundred weekly papers and seven 
 dailes are received, with a proportional increase 
 in other mail matter. The town officers at pres- 
 ent are: Supervisors, — AVilliam ^V. Budd. Chair- 
 man. Jolni Batdorf. John R. Stinson: Clerk. R. 
 M.Mills: Assessor and Treasurer. John H. Mc- 
 Gary. 
 
 STATISTICS. 
 
 The population of Independence by the census 
 of 1880, is 844. Xumber of acres, exclusive of town 
 lots, 21,344. Assessed valuation of the same in 
 1869. S8o,936: in 1875, 3138,127 : In 1880. ?228,- 
 671. Personal pi'operty at assessed valuation, in 
 1869, §16,8-55 ; in 1875, 624,211 ; in 1880. $35,999. 
 Taxes in 1869, §2,763 ; in 1875, §2,942 ; in 1880, 
 §4,022. Horses in 1860. 86 ; in 1875. 121 ; in 1880, 
 218. Cattle over two years old. in 1869.443; in 
 1875, 588 ; in 1880, 512. Sheep, in 1869, 324 ; in 
 1875,230; in 1880,593. Hogs, in 1869, 245; in 
 1875, 232; in 1880, 195.. Wheat in 1869, 7,.523 
 busliels ; in 1875, 10,836 bushels ; in 1880, acreage, 
 1,260. 
 
 XILLACiES. 
 
 After the railroad was fairly in progress in 
 18H8, a small village plat was laid out during the
 
 INDEPENDENCE— SCHOOLS—GBURCHES— BIOGRAPHICAL. 
 
 265 
 
 summer, by H. C. and W. Budd, and later, another 
 adjoining the first on the west, by William 
 11. Marsh. This second plat is now the village 
 of Maple Plain, and the business part of the 
 town. It lies in section 24, while tlie original 
 plat was in section 25. Here are the hotels, 
 stores, blacksmith sliops, mills, etc. 
 
 MANUFACTURING. 
 
 The town has two steam saw-mills, also a synip 
 manufactory, run Ijy a stationary engine. The ca- 
 pacity of the syrup factory is 22o gallf)ns per day. 
 During the season of 18.S0, it manufactured 3,0o.3 
 gallons. Mr. E. D. Burnett owns a small steam 
 saw-mill on Pioneer Creek, a little north of Arm- 
 strong station. A Ijlacksmith shop and a wagon 
 shop complete the record of mills and shops. 
 
 There are two hotels, two stores antl an eleva- 
 tor. The elevator is owned by the Elevator 
 Company. It is little used except as a store- 
 house. A church, school house and Good Tem- 
 plar's hall comprise the public buildings. 
 
 POST OFFICE. 
 
 Mr. Irvin Shrewsbury, who in 18t)0, repre- 
 sented the district in the Legislature, was the 
 first postmaster. The oflice was establislied in 
 1856 and located at his residence, near the cen- 
 tre of section 26. The mail was Ijrought weekly 
 from Miimeapolis. This was the terminus of 
 the route until an otfice was established at 
 "Watertown. 
 
 liAILKOAI). 
 
 In 1868 a railroad, now known as the St. Paul, 
 Minneapolis and Manitoba Hallway, was built 
 through the town, and in September the station. 
 Maple Plain, was established. 
 
 SCHOOLS. 
 
 The first school house in Independence, was 
 near the present site of school No. 81, and was 
 built in the springof 1858. A log building 14x18 
 feet was first l)uilt, but after a few years it was 
 replaced by a larger building of liewn logs, whicli 
 in 1878, gave place to the present structure, a 
 neat frame building. 26x44 feet, well finished 
 and furnished witli patent desks, seats, etc.. etc. 
 The first school was taught in the winter of 1857- 
 8, by Norman Shook, in a dwelling left vacant 
 by the death of William Lewis and the removal 
 of his family. Schools are also sustained in four 
 
 other districts. No. 80 in section 2, No. 79 
 in section 17, No. 82 in section 30. No. 102 in 
 section 3, a joint district, part of whicli is in the 
 town of Greenwood. There are also three other 
 joint districts. No. 61, with Medina ; No. 83, 
 with Minnetrista and No. 112 with Greenwood. 
 
 CHUKCHES. 
 
 Methodist. Tlie first religious meeting was 
 held, in 1855, by Rev. J. J. Camp, a Methodist 
 clergyman, under whose guidance a class was 
 formed, of which 'Sir. Irvin Shrewsbury was 
 leader. This society still preserves its organiza- 
 tion and, though not large, holds regular meet- 
 ings in the school house of district No. 81. 
 
 Presbyterian. The only cliurcli edifice in the 
 town is the Presbyterian church, at Maple Plain 
 This is a substantial frame l)uilding,well finished 
 inside. It is 26x40 feet in size, built in 1872-3. 
 The society was organized in 1871 by Rev. 
 Charles Thayer. G. W. Smith and C. W. Inger- 
 son were chosen elders, which office they still 
 hold. The membership was twelve, at the time 
 of organization. Mr. Tliayer resigned his pastor- 
 ate September 20, 1875. Rev. Benson followed 
 Mr. Thayer, remaining about one year. Revs. 
 Hall, Iliggins. Wood and McCahan have in turn 
 succeeded to the charge, remaining but short 
 terms. The chiu'ch is without stated preaching 
 at the writing of this sketch. 
 
 The Good Templars Lodge was organized in 
 April, 1874. Its present membership is about 
 forty and steadily gaining. Meetings are held 
 every Saturday evening. 
 
 BIOGRAPHU AL. 
 
 Henry Astrope was born in Canada, in 1839, 
 and came with his parents to Minnesota in 1855. 
 He returned to Canada tlu'ee years later, and re- 
 mained one sunnner. then came again to ^linne- 
 sota. In September, 1861 , he enlisted in Company 
 F. of the Second Regiment, and re-enlisted in 
 1863, serving until discharged for disability, in 
 .January, 1865. He has since drawn a pension. 
 He was married in 1873, and has two children. 
 
 W. W. Budd, a native of Ohio, was born in 
 Preble county, in 1833. In early life lie removed 
 with his parents to Indiana, and in 1m55. lie en- 
 gaged in tlie lumber trade, whicli he foUowedfor 
 two years. In 1863 he enlisted in the Ninth In- 
 diana Light Artillery, served two years, partici"
 
 266 
 
 EISTOBY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 pating in ten engagements. In 1865 he came to 
 Independence, bought and cleared the farm he 
 now occupies. He married Emeline Cunning- 
 ham, of Polk county. Indiana, in ISoo. They 
 have live children : Ella F.. Anna C. Lilly M.. 
 AVilliam S..and Charles J. 
 
 Samuel Briley was born in Canada, in 1835, 
 and came to Minnesota in 1865, locating in Dodge 
 county, wliere lie remained until 1871, then re- 
 moved to Minneapolis. In 1876 he removed to 
 tliis town where he has since resided. He was 
 married, in 1858, to Jane Delahunt. by whom he 
 has had six children, all living, with the exception 
 of one. who died in Minneapolis. 
 
 J. D. Brandon was born in Jefferson county. 
 Indiana, August. ISol. and in KSoii came with his 
 parents to Hennepin county, locating at Maple 
 Plain, where he now resides, on the farm secured 
 by his father. He is engaged in farming, and 
 dealing in lumber and railroad ties. He was 
 married, May 14. 1876. to Belle C. McDonald. 
 Ida M. and Charlie F.. are their children. His 
 father. Moses Brandon, died May 14th. 1880. His 
 mother is still living, and a member of his family. 
 
 John eleven has been a resident of Independ- 
 ence since 1872. He wasboru inXorway in 1842, 
 and came to America, locating in Minneapolis, 
 hi 1870, remaining there until he removed to his 
 present home. He married Miss Inger Kegene, 
 in 1871. Clara K.. James and Emma, are the chil- 
 dren, aged respectively, six. four, and one and a 
 half years. 
 
 H. C. Dickey, is a native of Xova Scotia, and 
 came to St. Anthony, in 1865. where for ten years 
 he worked at carriage makuig. In 1875 he re- 
 moved to Maple Plain, where he contuiiied car- 
 riage and wagon making, and now does a thriv- 
 ing business. 
 
 Johau llisted was born in Sweden, in 1821. and 
 ui 1861 came to America, locating at Long Lake, 
 Hennepin county, where he remained two years. 
 He tlien removed to the town of Independence 
 and leased a farm, which he held until 1873, wlien 
 he purchased the farm on which he now lives. 
 He was married, in l.s44. to Anna Ilemmingsoii. 
 of Sweden. Their children are: Hannah, aged 
 34: Peter, 32: Charles J.. 30: Matilda, 24: and 
 Josephine, 20. Charles J. Histed married ilary 
 Moline in 1878. They have one child, Aimer. 
 ' John Hillstrom was born in Sweden, in 1849, 
 
 and emigrated to America in 1870. After a short 
 residence in Xew York and eight months in 
 ^lichigan, he came to !Mhineapolis and worked in 
 a lumber mill until 1876, when he removed to 
 Maple Plain. In 1877 he bought the farm he 
 now lives on. He married Miss Clara M. John- 
 son, who was born in Chicago, Illinois, in 1855. 
 The children are: Jennie, aged four years, and 
 Hannah, aged U\o. 
 
 Henry Jackson, is a native of England, liorn in 
 Chatham, in 1821. He came to Xew York while 
 young, and engaged in the manufacture of cut- 
 lery and surgical instruments, until he reached 
 the age of twenty-one. He then removed to 
 Pittsburg, Peimsylvania, and was engaged in the 
 boot and shoe trade until 1856, when poor health 
 forced him. to retire. He then came west and lo- 
 cated near Lake Minnetouka. He was one of the 
 voters to elect the first Town Board of Minne- 
 touka, and put on the first shingle roof in town. 
 using shingles of his own make. In 1862, he 
 purchased his present home in Independence, 
 where he has smee resided. In 1862. he married 
 Mrs. Stimson. They have one child. Edwin W.. 
 aged seventeen. !Mr. Jackson enlisted in the 6th 
 Minnesota Infantry, August. 1862: was dis- 
 charged June. iwlo. He was drafted in 1SH4. and 
 served about four months. 
 
 William Mannuig. a native of Ireland, was 
 born ill 1826. anil came to America at the age of 
 thirteen. He resided in Xew York and Albany, 
 engaged as laborer, until 1861. when he enlisted 
 in the 31st Indiana Volunteers. He was wound- 
 ed at Fort Donaldson, and discharged after an 
 active service of two and one-half years. After 
 his return from the army, he went to Pennsylva- 
 nia, and in 1868 came to Minneapolis, where he 
 remained one year : then came to Independence, 
 and cleared the farm he has shice lived on. He 
 married Miss Dugan, soon after leaving the army. 
 Their children are : AVilliam. Jr.. Katy. Thom- 
 as, and Charlotte. 
 
 Samuel Moore was burn in Park county. Indi- 
 ana, in 1K32. He learned the trade of carpenter, 
 at which he worked until 185s, with the excep- 
 tion of two years in mercantile business. He 
 then came to Mimiesota and located in the town 
 of Independence, where he has smce been en- 
 gaged in the pursuit of farming and carpenter 
 work. He married, in 1855, Miss Xancy Wassou,
 
 INDEPENDENCE- BIOGBAPHICAL. 
 
 267 
 
 of Park county, Indiana. They have six child- 
 ren: Jerome C, Florence A., Rospoe, Sophronia, 
 John L. and Effle V. 
 
 John II. McGary was Ijorii in Montgomery 
 county, Kentucliy, May 2d, 1(S4:2, and went with 
 his parents to Indiana the same year. In 185.5 
 they came to Minnesota and located in Independ- 
 ence. He remained with his parents until 1H64, 
 when he enlisted in the Eleventh Regiment and 
 served one year. He was married .September .3d, 
 1866, to Mrs. Eliza Brandon, l)y wliom he has 
 three children: Ruth A., Katy W. and Omar 
 Ray. Mr. McGary has held the offices of Assess- 
 or and Town Treasurer for nine years. His 
 father, who died August 13th, 1879, was promi- 
 nent among the early settlers of Hennepin county. 
 
 X. Moline was born in Chisago county, Min- 
 nesota, in 1855. In 1870 he removed to Minne- 
 apolis and remained there for six years, then 
 came to Independence, and with his father pur- 
 chased a farm of 16H acres in section thirty-six. 
 His post-office address is Maple Plain. 
 
 E. M. Mills, is a native of Henry county, Indi- 
 ana, where he was born in 1845. In 1854 he re- 
 moved to Kentucky and remahied three years, 
 then returned to Indiana. In tlie fall of 1863 he 
 enlisted in the Ninth Indiana Cavalry, and 
 served until the fall of 1865. He tlien came to 
 Minnesota and purchased a farm in the town of 
 Independence. This farm, located on section 
 twenty-two, was entered by Job Moffat, and was 
 the first claim taken witliiu the present limits of 
 the town. He married Miss Maria Batdorf in 
 Jmie, 1866. They have one cliild, "William D.. 
 born January 8d, ISHS. 
 
 C. W. O'Leary, a life-long resident of Henne- 
 pin county, was born in Minneapolis in 1859. 
 He attended the schools of that city, and in 1871 
 removed with his parents to this town. His 
 father died in 1876, and since tliat time he has 
 lived with his mother at the old home on section 
 eighteen, and carried on tlie farm. His ])ost- 
 ofiRce address is Delano, Wright county. 
 
 John Pagenkopf, is a native of the State of 
 Illinois, and was born December 23d, 1857. In 
 July, 1861, he came with his parents to Indepen- 
 dence, and has since resided in this town. On 
 the 19th of March, 1878, he was married to Miss 
 Carrie Ilorsch. who has borne him one child. 
 Freddie, born January 23d, 1879. 
 
 Daniel S. Styner, was born in Pennsylvania, 
 July 8th, 1815. He married Margaret Rheene, 
 in 1843. In 1856 he came to Minnesota, and pre- 
 empted 160 acres of land on section 26, in wdiat 
 is now the town of Independence, where he has 
 since resided. He is one of the pioneers of this 
 town, and was a member of the first Town Board. 
 He has since held many offices of trust. The 
 house he built, on his arrival here in 1856, was 
 the first to have a shingle roof. Tlie Indians, 
 who passed back and forth at that time, gave 
 him the title of the ■■ Dutch Squire." Of his 
 children, Mary L.. Julia E,, and Charles, came 
 here with tlieir parents ; Cora was born while 
 Minnesota was a Territory, and Frank after its 
 admission as a state, 
 
 Frank Shrewsbury was born in 1855, in In- 
 diana, and came with his parents to Minnesota 
 the same year. They located at what is now 
 Maple Plain, w'here he grew to manhood, and in 
 1875 married Allie Inger.son. Tliey have two 
 children, Maud and Mabel. Jlr. Shrewsbury is 
 a farmer, and lives on the farm pre-empted by 
 his father. His mother is still livhig. 
 
 G. W. Smitli, is a native of Jeffer.son county, 
 Xew York, born November 14th, 1816. In 1864 
 he came to Minnesota, locating at Saint Cloud, 
 where he remained one year: then engaged in 
 mercantile business in Minneapolis, until 1870. 
 wlien he bought the store of J. I). Perkins, at 
 Maple Plain, and has since resided tliere. con- 
 ducting a general merchandise store. Mr. Smith 
 received his appointment as postmaster at Maple 
 Plain, in 1870, and has since held that office. 
 He is also a Justice of tlie Peace, which office he 
 has filled since his first election, in 1875. He is 
 the oldest postmaster on tliis line of railroad. 
 ITis children, who were born in .lefferson county, 
 Xew York, are Mary Jane, wife of .1. E. Bell, 
 cashier of the Hennepin County Savings Bank. 
 Minneapolis: Charles H.. book keeper in the 
 same bank, and William .V., who died in Minne- 
 apolis, in 1869. He has a son who was bom 
 in Hennepin county ; Lyndon B., six years of age. 
 
 Adam Tautges was born in Prussia, in 1847, 
 and came to America in 1868. He came directly 
 to Minnesota, and located in Medina township, 
 where he remained with his i)arents until 1876, 
 when he bought the farm he now occupies in 
 this town. He married Mi.ss Mary Wagner, in
 
 268 
 
 mSTORY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 1877. They have one chikl. Anna, atred two 
 years. 
 
 Peter Tautj,'es was born in Prussia, in 1856, 
 and came to tliis country witli liis jiarents. in 1868. 
 He located on liis present farm in 1S79. lie was 
 married to Sophia L. Ilottiin. in 1877. Their 
 children are Mary A., aged two years, and William 
 A., aged one year. 
 
 A. Weidenbach, also a native of Prussia, was 
 born in 1833, and emigrated to this coinitry 
 in 185S. lie came at once to Hennepin county 
 anil has cleared a good farm on section 
 three. lie is a teacher, and justice of the peace, 
 lu 180.5, he married Miss Cacilia Bukorwsky. 
 Adolph, Cacilia, Harmon, John, Amelia, Mary, 
 Lucy, and Edward, are their children. His post- 
 office address isKockford. Wright county. 
 
 .John Williams, a native of Xew York, was born 
 
 in 1818. From that state he went to Indiana, 
 where he remained until ls.>5. when he came to 
 Independence. a]id pre-empted a claim of 160 
 acres. He was the second man who moved into 
 this town, and has since resided here. In 1848, 
 he enlisted, and served one year in the Mexican 
 war. James. AUie, Harvey, Moses, George, and 
 Imogene are children by his first marriage. His 
 present wife was a Miss Alright, to whom he was 
 married in 1873. 
 
 George Washington was born in ^'irginia, in 
 1843, and remauied there until 1849, when he re- 
 moved with his parents to Tennessee, and in 1863 
 came to Minnesota, lie was married in 1879, to 
 Phoebe Yancey, by whom he has one child, Willie, 
 born. ^Slarcli 21st. 1880. Mr. Washington is en- 
 gaged in farming, and is the owner of eighty 
 acres of land on section fifteen. 
 
 MEDINA. 
 
 CHAPTEK XLIII. 
 
 SITU.\TION—T0POGKAPHT— EARLY SETTLERS — 
 EVENTS OF 1855-8— TOWN ORGANIZ.^TION— 
 L.^TEK EVENTS — MLSCELLANEOT'S ITEMS, 1859 
 -69 — BUSINESS ENTERTRISES— THE r.\ST DE- 
 CADE — BIOGRAPHICAL. 
 
 Towns, though tracing their settlement and 
 origin to the same general causes, perhaps the 
 same dates, are, nevertheless, foiuid to possess 
 historic data differing from their immediate 
 neighbors, as widely as do the lives of indi- 
 viduals. Some furnish little, save the prosaic 
 record of settlement and growth, the current 
 flowing smoothly on, its surface scarcely rippled 
 by an incident or legend. In others the tide is 
 swollen with such plenteous accumulations of 
 fact and fancy, that the chief difficulty encoun- 
 tered by the historian, is the selection of such 
 items as will be of the greatest general interest. 
 
 since the limits of space in this volume, consigns 
 many noteworthy facts to the uncertain custody 
 of future tradition. The latter is the ease with 
 Medina, and it is a matter of no little regret that 
 so few of the interesting events pertaining to its 
 early histor.\ can here be given. 
 
 SITI'ATION AND TOPOGRAPHY. 
 
 Medina is an interior town, embracing, in ad- 
 dition to the original township, that portion of 
 Excelsior lying north of Lake Minnetonka, and 
 has an area of 26,023 acres. Its surface is uneven, 
 and in the northwestern portion somewhat hilly. 
 Several clear lakes dot the surface. On the west, 
 and lying partly in the town bearing its name, is 
 Lake Independence, This and the larger lake 
 mentioned as forming the southern boundary, 
 are the principal bodies of water. Long Lake, 
 from which the only village of the town is named, 
 is of pecuUar beauty. .V few snudl streams fur- 
 nish outlets for nearlv all the interior lakes. The
 
 MEDINA— EARLY EVENTS. 
 
 269 
 
 town is heavily timbered, excepting a small belt 
 skirting the north-western portion. 
 
 EARLY SETTLERS. 
 
 The first pennanent settlers came here in lSo4. 
 A marked character among them was Stephen 
 Bean, who came from Maine, and settled about 
 a mile west of Long Lake. He was a kind 
 neighbor, hospitable, .open-hearted, generous, 
 and liad a wonderfully fertile imagination. 
 Karl and William Charles Kassube came in 1854. 
 A. T. French came from Ohio and settled on the 
 north side of Crystal Bay, a point commanding 
 one of the finest views of the lake; he has seen 
 all the lights and shadows of fortunes changes. 
 
 Mr. French, Vincent Cox and the Foglemans 
 brought the first horses into this region. Xew- 
 ton French, William Carman, Evan Templin 
 and Richard Danforth came from Ohio; Theo- 
 dore A. Xorris, Wallace Hatter and Judson 
 Beach from Michigan; James UumVnack, David 
 Lydiard, Eleazer Dickey and Daniel Thompson 
 from Nova Scotia, and John Mattison from Illi- 
 nois, all taking claims near Long Lake. In the 
 same year came William Bussell from Xew York 
 and Fred A. Jennings from Ohio. The location 
 selected by Mr. Russell was in section seventeen. 
 on the west shore of one of the nimierous bays 
 now partly In Medina and Excelsior. Here he 
 laid the foundation for a city which never came, 
 and "Island City"" waited in vain for the state cap- 
 ital. Fred A. Jennings was a man whose daring 
 nearly cost him his life by drowning in Lake 
 Minnetonka, and once, lost him in the wilderness 
 between the lake and his home. 
 
 EVENTS OF 1855. 
 
 Prominent among the arrivals this year, were 
 Isaac A. Christlieb, R. H. and J. L. Knettle, B. 
 C. Haines and John Schaffer, from Pennsylvania; 
 Vincent Cox, William and Henry Fogleman and 
 Edward Turnham, from Indiana; Asa Kelleyand 
 Kelsey Hinman from Ohio ; E. F. Walsh, Jas. 
 Dillman, Samuel Lydiard and Miles Bayers, from 
 Nova Scotia; Shepherd Barnes from Maine; Hon. 
 A. J. Underwood (now editor of the Fergus Falls 
 Journal) from Ohio; Henry Stu1)l)s, Allen Grave, 
 George, James and F. R. Maxwell from Illinois. 
 Mr. Grave's and Mr. Stubb's daughters were the 
 first young ladies in the settlement, and their 
 advent produced quite a ripple in the bachelor 
 
 element. The Maxwell brothers brought their 
 father with them ; one of Napoleon's trained 
 veterans, who followed the fortunes of the great 
 Captain through many of his campaigns. John 
 Schmidt, built and owns the "Medina House," 
 which he now rents to X. J. Rosander. This 
 year about fifty German families, settled in the 
 north part of the town ; prominent among them 
 were Matthias Miller, John Wolsfeld, Philhp 
 Klein, and C. W. Burchfleld. Mr. Miller was 
 the "Peacemaker" anil one of the founders of 
 Medina, whose death in 1880, was mourned by 
 the entire community. Mr. Wolsfeld, while 
 returning from Minneapolis seven years ago, was 
 attacked by a man named Wirth, and so severely 
 beaten that he lost his eyesight. Wirth was 
 arrested, tried, and sentenced to seven years 
 imprisonment. The enraged citizens wanted to 
 save the state the expense of the trial. Miss 
 Emma Maxwell was the first child born in ;Medi- 
 na. She is now Mrs. Melvina Smith. Elkand 
 Cox, who died at the residence of his brother, on 
 the farm now owned by I. A. Christlieb, was 
 the first death. The ^Vayzata road, from Minne- 
 apolis to a point near the western margin of the 
 county, where it intersects another established 
 road, was located by O. E. Garrison. A few ad- 
 ditional names are given of those who settled 
 here from 1855 to ISijO. Isaac Sharth, Bradford 
 M'akefleld, Perry Parrish, from Ohio;Gibson Teas, 
 J. B. & O. B. Brown, from Indiana; E. M. Snow 
 and B. F. Christlieli from Pennsylvania; James 
 Johnson, W. A. Spafl'ord, A. Kruikshanks, ^'al- 
 erous Chilson and B. Gasper. In 1862 they were 
 followed by William and Joseph Lydiard, 
 Andrew Brown, C. Dittman, and others, all set- 
 tling in or near the present village of Long Lake. 
 Alonzo Coleman was an early settler and jiromi- 
 nent in town affairs. 
 
 EVENTS OF IS.'jfi. 
 
 Claim jumping was one of the initial events; 
 one Kohler, thus attempted to gain posses- 
 sion of C. E. Dickey's claim, on section 
 26. He Ijuilt his cabin, and took possession 
 when the neighliors, led by Samuel Lydiard, 
 drove the intruder away and demolished his 
 castle ; he, however, compromised, and pur- 
 chased the claim he would have jumped. It was 
 again attempted on a mulatto, named Alfred, but
 
 270 
 
 HISTOET OF HEXNEPIX COUyTT. 
 
 his ••backers" were too many, and the invader 
 wisely retreated. No written contract existed 
 between the settlers of }tledina, but there was a 
 distinct understanding that each actual settler 
 should be protected in his rights ; this fact being 
 known, jiut an end to claim jumping. The first 
 marriage was that of Sebastian Kohler to Miss 
 Baumeister. The first school, was taught by 
 Charles Christlieb, hi an old claim shantj- on sec- 
 tion 34. owned by George Knettle. liis wages 
 being paid by subscription. A school house was 
 built on section 4, but never used. In 1858 ano- 
 ther was built on section 34, known as the Hursh 
 school house, in which a scliool. supported by 
 tax. was opened by Miss Jane C'owden of Ashta- 
 bula. Oliio. 
 
 EVEXT.* OF 1857. 
 
 Durmg this year, the old Territorial Road, 
 known as the Minneapolis and Fort Ridgely road, 
 was laid through the town. The route was sug- 
 gested by I. A. Cln'istlieb, who, with the assist- 
 ance of Samuel Lydiard. secured the survey by 
 R. J. MendeuhaU. George Knettle built a small 
 steam saw mill a short distance west of the pres- 
 ent village, and also built a house and a hotel. 
 This was the foundation for his •■ City of Cum- 
 berland."" D. A. Keyes and Frank Fleming built 
 houses within the limits of the city, and there 
 its growth ended. A lyceimi was organized in 
 one of the buildings, where the Solons met and 
 discussed the questions of those times. Another 
 city was located on the town line between Medina 
 and Independence, by John and Xeedham Per- 
 kms, and called Perkinsville. A store, hotel and 
 a few dwellings marked its greatest growth. It 
 struggled for metropolitan honors, but finally 
 went down, and now exists only in memory. 
 
 This year was one of want, occasioned by the 
 ravages of the grasshopjiers. The prices of what 
 was left of the crop were so low that the settlers 
 were driven to the verge of despair. They were 
 relieved by the sudden demand for the ginseng 
 root, which grew abundantly in the woods. All 
 went to gathering it. and were temporarily re- 
 lieved. 
 
 EVENTS OF 1858. 
 
 In this year was established the first post-ofiiee, 
 the first school house was built, and the town 
 organized. Henry Stubbs secured the establish- 
 
 ment of a post office on section 23, called Tama- 
 rac. which was continued there until 1861, when 
 it was removed to Long Lake, and John A. Cole- 
 man appointed postmaster. The name was 
 changed from Tamarae to Long Lake, in 1867. 
 The mail came from Minneapolis once a week, 
 until the building of the railroad in 1868; since 
 then they have had a daily mail. 
 
 TOWN ORGAXIZ.\TION. 
 
 April loth. 1858, township lis, range 23, was des- 
 ignated by the County Commissioners as Ham- 
 burg, and the first town records appear under 
 that name. 
 
 On the nth of May, 1858, the first town meet- 
 ing was held at the house of Valerous Chilson, 
 at which thirty-seven voters were present, ilr. 
 Chilson was called to the chair. Andrew 
 Seherer elected Moderator, and W. F. Ilillman 
 Clerk. The follo^^ing officers were then elected : 
 Supervisors, Valerous Chilson, Cliairman. C. AV. 
 Burehfield. George Reiser; Town Clerk. AV. F. 
 Ilillman : Assessor, L. Lenzen ; Collector. An- 
 drew Seherer : Overseer of Poor. Jos. Lenzen ; 
 Justices, Wm. Archibald and James Crowe ; Con- 
 stables, Leo Stumpf and Adolph Buttz ; Overseer 
 of Roads. B. Gasper. Resolutions were oflfered 
 to organize school districts, defining legal fences, 
 and regulating the i-unning at large of stock. 
 George Reiser offered a resolution to change the 
 name of the town to Medina, which was unani- 
 mously adopted. The town then emljraced but 
 one regular township, and remained so until 1868, 
 when that part of Excelsior lying north of Lake 
 Minnetonka was added, by act of Co\uity Com- 
 missioners, ilarch 2d. This was proposed in 
 1863. but rejected by a vote of sixty to fifteen. 
 
 LATER EVENTS. 
 
 lu December. 1859, Shakopee (Little Six) and 
 his band, including the notorious Cut Xose, 
 camped on the south shore of Long Lake, on the 
 grounds now in use as the \illage cemetery, where 
 they remained about a month, and would have 
 remained much longer. Init for a ruse adopted by 
 Selden Coleman and John B. AVakefield. They 
 started a rumor that the Chippewas were massing 
 in the vicinity. The ruse had the desired effect, 
 and the camp was quickly deserted. The same 
 Coleman afterward recognized both Shakopee and
 
 MEDINA— MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS. 
 
 271 
 
 Cut Nose in the band captuiefl by Gfn. Sibley in 
 his raid across the plains. 
 
 The massacre of 1862 tilled the I'oniminiity 
 with excitement and alarm. A stockade was 
 built where now stands the residence of John 
 McCormick, in the village of Long Lake, and at 
 several other points, where the peojile gathered 
 nights for mutual protection. ^Nlany from farther 
 west floclved here for safety. The dwellings i)f 
 I. A. Christleib, George Knettle, and James 
 Johnson (old Cumberland House) were converted 
 into semi-fortresses for defence. In 1863 came 
 another scare, from the fact that Little Crow, 
 with a few braves, was seen skulking in the vic- 
 inity. Wliatever might have been his intentions, 
 they were not accomplished, and on his way back 
 to the plains he was met by a Mr. Lampson, near 
 Hutchinson, who shot him at sight, and ended 
 the life of this cunning leader. During all these 
 exciting times, Mrs. Matthias Miller was the only 
 woman wlio did not leave her liome, but with 
 Spartan courage remained at her post, exhibiting 
 a coolness that woulil dd iKHmr Ui the sterner 
 sex. 
 
 MISCKLL.\NEOU.S ITEMS- -18.59-1 Sfi!1. 
 
 The tirst regular preaching was in the school 
 liouse at Cumberland, about 18.58, by Rev. Geo. 
 Galpin, a Aiethodist. 
 
 Free Thinkers" Club. This name was adopted 
 by a small society formed in 1860; numbering at 
 one time about thirty; at present it has about half 
 that membership. They own a hall 28x4(t feet, 
 with basement for culinary use on social occa- 
 sions. It was built in 1874. 
 
 In 1860 a post-office was established in the 
 north-east part of the town tlnxmgh the efforts 
 of L. Lenzen, wlio was the first postmaster. The 
 office was named in lionor of its founder — 
 " Lenz." J. O. Hamel is the present postmaster. 
 
 Presbyterian Church. In ISfi.S Rev. James 
 Hunter commenced preaching at Long Lake, 
 iind in 1869 a church was built. It is open to all 
 denominations. Rev. Charles Thayer has l)een 
 the principal pastor since it was opened. 
 
 St. Peter's and St. Paul's Catholic Church was 
 organized about 1862, and a small structure built, 
 which was replaced by the present edifice in 1867. 
 The society is now large and sustains weekly 
 service. 
 
 German Catholic Church. In 1863 a society 
 was formed and a small building erected on sec- 
 tion twenty-four, which, in 1876 gave place to the 
 present structure, the old building being remod- 
 eled as a residence for tlie priest. The society 
 is now large, and sustains weekly services, Rev. 
 P. Magnus M. Mayr officiating. 
 
 Good Templars. A lodge of Good Templars 
 was organized several years ago, which is now 
 steadily mcreasing in numbers, holding their 
 meetuigsin "Free Thinkers' Hall" on Friday 
 evening of each week. 
 
 Union Cemetery. In 1861 a cemetery associa- 
 tion was formed, and a site selected on the south 
 liauk of Long Lake, affording a fine view of the 
 lake and surrounding countr\'. A portion of it 
 is platted and laid out into walks and carriage 
 drives, a charming spnt. The tirst burial was an 
 infant child of Bradford Wakefield, in 1862. 
 
 BUSINESS ENTERPRISES. 
 
 In 1866, ^lills. Cutler & Co., built a stave fac- 
 tory at Long Lake, and sold it in 1868 to Chas. 
 May & Co., who operated it for ten years. Since 
 that time it has only run at intervals. In 1867 
 Jlills, Condit & Co., opened a general store near 
 the west end of Long Lake ; it was the only store 
 at that time. They sold to Low, May & Co., who 
 sold to other parties. Its building was due to 
 the prospect of the speedy completion of the St. 
 P. & P. R. R.. which was surveyed in 186.5. 
 Grading was commenced in 1866, and in 1868, 
 the cars were miming, a dejiot Inult, and the 
 village of Long Lake began to grow. In 185.5, 
 the Hon. Lewis Harrington stood at a land cor- 
 ner on section 33, and with prophetic accuracy 
 said : "Gentlemen, when a road is built through 
 this region, it can not go far from where we now 
 stand.'' The right of way now includes that iden- 
 tical spot. 
 
 THE LAST DEC.\DE— 1870-80. 
 
 Saint Anna Church, French Catholic. This 
 structure was commenced in 1874, and completed 
 in 1879. The first regular service was held in 
 May, same year. Rev. Z. (J. Chandonnet was 
 its first pastor, and remained until January 1st, 
 1880. He was succeeded by Rev. Peter Boucher, 
 the present incumbent. The society numbers 
 about five hundred.
 
 HISTOSY OF RENNEPJN COUNTY. 
 
 MEDIXA 3IILL COMPANY. 
 
 Ill January. 1875. a stock company was formed 
 for the purpose of building a firet-elass flouring 
 mill. The incorporators were: Samuel, Da^"id 
 and Joseph Lydiard. E. and B. Dickey. I. A. 
 Christlieb. Rol)ert Logan. Wm. Braden. C. W. 
 Weeks, John Burns and E. M. Snow. It was 
 rented for a term of yeare to B. il. Smith, who 
 operated it only t^vo years. After passing through 
 various changes of ownership, it came into the 
 hands of its present ownei-s. Syme & DeMott. 
 It is about sixty feet square, five stories high, 
 and run by a Corliss condensing engine, of 150 
 horse power. The mill lias a capacity for 350 
 barrels per da> . and furnishes employment to 
 twenty-five workmen. Tliey own and operate 
 a cooper shop where they manufacture their 
 barrels, and have a side track, for receiving and 
 discharging freight. The quality of the flour 
 made at this mill, with its new and imi)ioved 
 machinery, is not excelled liy any in the Xortli- 
 west. 
 
 I,EXZ GRIST MliL, 
 
 was built in isTti, by Fi-ancis Huot, It is two 
 stories high, and has two runs of stone, driven by 
 a twenty-five horse-power engine, and is doing a 
 tliriving business. 
 
 TOAVX HOUSE. 
 
 In 1878, a Town House was built on tlie south- 
 west corner of Section 22. a location selected with 
 especial reference to the accommodation of the 
 majority of voters. Medina now has a population 
 of 1 .462 inhabitants, with a real estate valuation 
 of S319.633. with .?2 1.285 in the village of Long 
 Lake, and an assessed valuation of 847,6(3-1 in per- 
 sonal property. Its taxes for 1880 -were S4,70o. 
 Its stock reports for 1S80, show 370 horses, 565 
 cattle over two yeai-s old, 783 sheep, 495 hogs. 
 The reports also show 2,960 acres sown to wheat 
 the same year. The village of Long Lake con- 
 tains a good school building, erected in 1878, 
 where a graded school is supported, nine months 
 in the year. It has a seatiiig capacity for about 
 one hundred. The other schools of the town 
 have houses located as follows : Joint District 
 Xo. 90, (JJedma and Corcoran.) section 5: Dis- 
 trict Xo. 63, section 11 ; District No. 7. section 23; 
 District Xo. 62. sections; District Xo. 91. sec- 
 tion 32; all in town 118; and District Xo. 94, 
 
 ection 4, Township 117, the portion formerly be- 
 longing to Excelsior. 
 
 OFFICIAL ROSTER. 
 
 The following are the names of the Chairmen 
 of Board of Supervisors, since the town organi- 
 zation : 1858. Valerous Chilson ; 18-59 to 1863. 
 John A. Coleman: 1864, Saml. Lydiard; 1865, 
 I. A. Christleib: 1866. A. Biittz : 1867, Samuel 
 Lydiard; 1868, J. P. Meurer; 1869 to 1871, D. 
 A. Keyes ; 1872, C. W. Gordon ; 1873. A. P. Bills ; 
 1874^5. X'. J. Stubbs : 1876 to 1878. Peter Miller ; 
 1879, Peter Maurer; 1880. Peter MiDer. The 
 other ofBcers for 1880. were, Supervisore, Benj. 
 Maxon and Xelson Banies ; Clerk, R. B. Dickey ; 
 Treasurer, B. F. Christlieb; Assessor. J. P. 
 Meiirer : Justices. A. C. Bailey and J. P. Meurer : 
 Constables, J. A. Coleman and Geo. Reiser, In 
 1865-6, by a misapprehension of the law, the 
 time of holding town meetings was changed from 
 April to March. The error was discovered in the 
 latter year, and another election held April 14th. 
 This is called a special meeting in tlie old town 
 records, but was in fact tlie regular meeting. 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL. 
 
 Da\'id Archibald was born in Xova Scotia, in 
 1845, and moved with his parents to Hennepin 
 county. He enlisted in 1861. in Second I'nited 
 States Sharpshooters, afterwards attached to 
 First ilinnesota Regt.. and served three years; was 
 wounded at Cold Harbor, and remained for six 
 months in the hospital at Alexandria. He was 
 honorably discharged at St. Paul, in 1865. 
 
 "William Archibald was born in Xova Scotia, 
 in the year 1811. He moved to Hennepin county 
 in 1855. and made a claim where he has since 
 resided. He is one of the founders of the Liber- 
 al League Society, is its President and most active 
 member. In 1834 he married Diana C. Hutchin- 
 son. They liad ten children. Mrs. Arcliibald 
 died in 1863. 
 
 A. C. Bailey was bom in Ohio, in 1840. He 
 was educated at Westminster College. In 1862 
 he enlisted in the First Ohio Independent ; served 
 over three yeare. and was honorably discharged, 
 in 1865. at Gallipolis. The same year he moved 
 to Muinesota, and settled in Metlina. where he 
 has since resided. He married Hattie M. Parrish 
 in 1867. Three children have been born to them. 
 
 S. Barnes was born in Maine, in 1826. He
 
 MEDINA BIOGRAPHICAL. 
 
 273 
 
 settled in Medina in ISoo, and lived there nntil 
 ISKO, when he removed to Oregon and settled 
 near Portland. When he came to Hennepin 
 county he had but fifty cents. The first year he 
 cleared three acres and planted it to corn, but 
 was scourged with the grasshoppers, and was 
 obliged to support his family by making ox yokes 
 and axe handles. 
 
 E. S. Barnes, a native of Maine, was born in 
 1845. He settled in Hennepin county, in 1S55. 
 In 1861 he enlisted in the Second Minnesota 
 Sharpshooters, afterwards ("ompany L, First 
 Minnesota Volunteers, served three years, was 
 wounded at Vicksburg and was in thirteen 
 engagements, under Generals ]\Ii('lellan and 
 Burnside. He is part owner of a saw mill, also 
 proprietor of a Sorghum mill, capacity one hund- 
 red gallons per day. He has a farm of 184 acres 
 and half interest in 300 more. In 18G7 he mar- 
 ried Martha K. Reynolds. They have two child- 
 ren. 
 
 Charles Barkow was Ijorn in Germany, in 1826, 
 and emigrated to America in l«o2. He worked 
 at harness making in Cleveland, Ohio, two years, 
 and two years m Oberlin. In 1861 he settled in 
 Heiniepin county. Enlisted in company A, 
 Fourth Minnesota ^\)lunteers in 1864, and was 
 honorably discharged in 1865 ; the same year he 
 married Caroline Sekoggv. They have eight 
 children livuig. 
 
 J. D. Bayer was born in Nova Scotia, in 1832. 
 He lived there until 1877, then moved to Boston, 
 Massachusetts, for two years, thence to New 
 York ; he then came to Hennepin county and 
 settled in 1880. Worked on farm thirty years, 
 then learned the carpenters trade. He was sup- 
 erintendent of the Orphan's Home, in Halifax, 
 his wife acting as matron, having charge of it for 
 seven years. His marriage with Elizabeth A. 
 Brown, occurred in the year 1860. 
 
 Peter Berens, a native of Germany, was Ijorn 
 in 1829. He removed to Hennepin county in 
 1855, having lived one year in Illinois, and settled 
 near Long Lake, being at that time farther west 
 than any other settler in lliis jiart of the county. 
 He has since lived here. 
 
 Alden P. Bills was born in Oneida county , New 
 
 York, in 1818. In the year 1865 he moved to 
 
 Hennepin county, settling at Lake Independence. 
 
 He moved here in a lumber wagon, building 
 18 
 
 bridges as he went. Arriving at his farm, they 
 put up a stove, and ale tlieir first meal on a dry 
 goods box. Game was plenty at that time, and 
 they did not suffer for food. Mrs. Bills was chased 
 by a panther, that came so near she could dis- 
 tinctly hear its steps. Mr. Bills married Jeanette 
 Purcell, of Ohio. They have two cliildren now- 
 living. 
 
 C. W. Burchfiehl was born in Peimsylvania, in 
 1815. He moved to Wi.sconsinin 1855, and came 
 to Hennepin county in 1856. He worked in St. 
 Anthony as carpenter, carrying provisions on his 
 back to his family in " Lenz ;" went six miles for 
 twelve bushels of potatoes, and gave half to have 
 them hauled home ; built his first log house in 
 1856. He is one of the fathers of Medina ; mar- 
 ried in 1842, to Christina Frantz. They have 
 five children living. 
 
 A. BurchUeld was l)orn in 1847, and came to 
 Hennepin county with his parents. He is the 
 inventor of the U. S. Military Portable Forge, a 
 very ingenious and useful contrivance; when 
 ready for moving, it is mounted on wheels, with 
 fireplace, forge, tool box and fan bellows, a model 
 of completeness. Mr. Burchfield has commenced 
 manufacturing, and selling state rights. 
 
 Peter Boucher, pastor of St. Anna French 
 Catholic Church at Lenz, was born in the Prov- 
 ince of Quebec,. July 5tb, 1821. He waseducated 
 for the priesthood at the College of Quebec. In 
 1817 took charge of Sherbrook Church, remaining 
 two years. Then eleven years at Matane. five 
 years at St. xVlphonse, and one year at St. Raph- 
 ael. Thence to Jefferson, D. T., where he re- 
 mained until 1880, when he took charge of the 
 St. Anna Church. 
 
 L. K. Campliell, a native of Maine, was born in 
 Washington comity in 18.52. When quite young 
 he moved to Winnebago county, Wisconsin; was 
 educated at Omro, and has followed teaching for 
 the past eight years. He came tt) Miimeapolis 
 in 1878 and taught school in Crystal Lake. Rich- 
 field and Medina. 
 
 I. A. Christlieb was born in Pennsylvania, in 
 1834. Moved to Medina in 18.j5. pre-empted 160 
 acres and bought for cash as nnich more. He 
 experienced many hardships, paying exorbitant 
 prices for everything, and was compelled at times 
 to live on sour corn meal. The grasshoppers came 
 and destroyed everything; many of his neighbors
 
 274 
 
 HI8T0EY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 left, and he wuiilil have been olilijied to do Uie 
 same, but for the means he brouirbt with him. 
 During the Indian outbreali he sent liis family to 
 Minneapolis to keep them from the mtu'derous 
 Sioux. Has been Town Clerk and Supervis(u-for 
 seventeen years, and member of School Board 
 sixteen years. lie married Susie Baird, of Spring- 
 field, Ohio, in 18.59. They have two children. 
 . B. F. ( "hristlieb was born in Cumberland county, 
 Pennsylvania. October Idth, ISSii. He came to 
 Medina in 18o9, and until 1864 was engaged as 
 local surveyor and engineer. He was then in the 
 employ of the St. P. & P. R. P. for several years. 
 In 187(1, under Chief Engineer Spaulding, he as- 
 sisted in locating the first five miles from N. P. 
 Junction. Has been connected with other roads, 
 among them the Lake Superior i*c Miss., the St. 
 Paul & Duluth and the ISIinneapolis & St. Louis. 
 In 1873 he was compelled to abandon his pro- 
 fession on account of poor health. In 1877 he 
 formed a partnership w ith A. Lydiard in mer- 
 cantile business at Long Lake. He has been 
 prominent in local politics. Has been a candi- 
 date for the Legislature on the Democratic ticket 
 several times; has also been Town Clerk, and 
 was elected Treasurer in 1880. 
 
 Alex. Dickey was born in Xova Scotia, in 1850. 
 Moved to Bristol county, Massachusetts, where 
 he lived until 1861, when he came to Hennepin 
 comity, and settled at Parker's Lake, He spent 
 two years in the Black Hills. In 1880 associated 
 himself with Bobert Logan in the meat business, 
 at Long Lake. 
 
 R. B. Dickey was born in Xova Scotia, in 1842. 
 He was engaged in milling in his native coinitry. 
 In 1868 came to Hennepin county, and finally 
 settled at Long Lake. He is now Deputy Sheriff; 
 was clerk of Medina four years, and was also 
 census enumerator. In 1865 he married Barbara 
 Stephen. They have four children now living. 
 
 Henry Fane, a native of Germany, was born 
 in 1826. Emigrated to America in 1S51 ; he 
 lived on Long Island three years, then moved to 
 Hennepin county in 1854. and located where he 
 now resides. Enlisted in Company II. Third 
 Minnesota, in istu. Served one year, and was 
 honorably discharged at St. Paul. Married in 
 (Jermany to Louisa Gust, in 1849; have eight 
 children, Louis, John, Lizzie, Henry. Annie, 
 Mena. Jennie, and William. 
 
 Allen T. French was born in Ohio, in 1818. 
 Came to Ileimepin county in 1854. and made a 
 claim on Crystal Ijay, Lake Miunetoidva. In 1862 
 h'e moved to Minneapolis, and engaged in busi- 
 ness until 1875. when he again returned to his 
 home on Crystal bay. and has since resided there. 
 In 1857 he suffered much from the Indians and 
 grasshoppers, the latter eating everytliing outside, 
 and the former begging everything inside. Mar- 
 ried Martha Gibson, in 1852. They have two 
 adopted children. 
 
 Allen Grave was born in Kent comity, Dela- 
 ware, in 1811, He came to Hennejiin county in 
 1855. and settled near Long Lake : at that time 
 the country was thinly settled. In 1857 he suf- 
 fered much from the ravages of the grasshoppers. 
 He married in 1833. Mary Teas, of Wayne county, 
 Indiana. They have six children now living. 
 
 B. C. Haines was born in Kew Jersey, in 1820. 
 Moved to Ohio and Pennsylvania ; then came to 
 Hennepin county in 1855, and made a claim in 
 Medina. In 1863 he retiu'iied to I'ennsylvania, 
 and remained there until 1868. when he removed 
 to his farm in Medina, and has lived there since. 
 Married Lucy Ann Counselman, of Pennsylvii- 
 nia, in 1850. Six children have been bom to 
 them. 
 
 J. O. Ilamel was lioru in Quebec, in 1839. He 
 was educated at the Seminary of Quebec, the 
 oldest College in the town. In 1857 lie moved to 
 Minnesota and settled in Hennepin county, near 
 what is known as Lenz. AVlien he came it was a 
 wilderness. In 1863. he went to Montana; re- 
 turned in 1868, and established his store at Long 
 Lake ; the first one in this part of the county; 
 the post office of Lenz was transferred to him at 
 that time. 
 
 Charles W. Iloagland came West with his par- 
 ents, in 1862. and after remaining in the vicinity 
 of Long Lfike, a short time, decided to make 
 further explorations ; after several changes he 
 returned to Minnesota in 1872, and settled near 
 Long Lake, \\1iere he has since resided. He 
 remained with his parents until August, 1880, 
 when he entered the store of Christlieb & Lydiard. 
 He is Lodge Deputy of Long Lake Lodge No. 65. 
 I. O. of G. T. 
 
 Louis K. Hoagland. a native of Ohio, was born 
 in Trumbull county, in 1852. He moved to Hen- 
 nepin county, and settled at Wayzata. In 1876,
 
 MEDINA- BIOGBAPRICAL. 
 
 275 
 
 he came to Long Lake, and in 1877 began milling, 
 with the North Star Mill B. Married to Annie 
 Johnson, in 1876. They have two children. 
 
 Jacob Ilnntsherger was born in Peinisylvania, 
 in 1844. lie enlisted in 1861, in Company II, 87th 
 Pennsylvania. Served nearly four years ; partici- 
 pating in fifteen engagements ; was taken pris- 
 oner at Winchester. Exchanged and transferred 
 to the Army of the Potomac, and was honorably 
 discharged in 1865, when he came and settled in 
 Medina. Married, in 1866, to Charlotte Arthur. 
 Six children have been born to them. 
 
 M. Iluntsberger was born in Pennsylvania, in 
 1834. He moved to Hennepin county, in 1865, 
 and settled in Medina. In 1877, started wagon 
 making at Long Lake, having learned the trade 
 at Council Bluffs, Cumberland county, Penn. He 
 worked on the first building in Long Lake. 
 
 Charles Johnson was born in Maine, 1816. He 
 moved to St. Anthony in 18-52, remained there 
 until 1855, when he went t<i Nebraska ; was gone 
 four years ; returned and spent two years in Car- 
 ver" county ; moved to Minneai)olis. for one year, 
 and then came to Long Lake, where he has since 
 resided. When he first came here there were 
 only two houses, and nothing but forest where 
 now is the centre of the village. He married Miss 
 E. F. Barnes, in 187(1. Tlieyhave one child. 
 
 Karl Kassube was born in Prussia, in 1822. 
 He emigrated to America in 1854 ; came to Hen- 
 nepin county the same year, and made a claim of 
 160 acres; all he had to work with was a grub 
 hoe. In 1849 he married Miss F. Dralle, of Ger- 
 many. They have six children living. 
 
 Wm. C. Kassube, a native of Germany, was 
 born in 1853. He emigrated to America in 1855, 
 and settled in Hennepin county, ilarried, in 
 April, 1879, to Minnie Schulz, of Wright county. 
 They have one child, born April 21st, 1880. 
 
 Leonard Lenzen was born in Germany, in 1825. 
 Emigrated to America and moved to Ilennepui 
 county in 1856, settling where he has since re- 
 sided. He was the first postmaster of Lenz, 
 which position he held for eleven years. The of- 
 fice was named in honor of him. He enlisted in 
 1864, in Company E, 5th Minnesota, and was 
 honorably discharged in 1865. ilr. Lenzen mar- 
 ried Susanna Roscop, in 1857. They have ten 
 children living. 
 
 Peter G. Lindner was born in Germany, in 1826. 
 
 He emigrated to America in 1854, and worked at 
 shoemaking in New Orleans until 1856, when he 
 moved to St. Paul. The following year he came 
 to Medina and made a claim. He is now engaged 
 in grape culture. ^larried, in 1855, to Caroline 
 L. H. Greve. They have no children living- 
 
 R. Logan, a native of Nova Scotia, was born 
 in 1836. He moved to Parker's Lake, Hennepin 
 county, in 1867, "and engaged in the meat busi- 
 ness. In 1873 he moved to Long Lake, and con- 
 tinued in the same business. In 1862 he married 
 Susan J. Archibald. They have six children. 
 
 A. R. Loranger was born in Quebec, in 1850. 
 He was educated at Three Bivers College and 
 Lennoxville Medical College, where he graduated 
 luider some of the best Canadian physicians and 
 surgeons. Came to Hennepin county in 1879, 
 and is now practicing medicine. He was married 
 in 1876, to Albhia Gahnas, of Three Rivers. 
 
 A. J. Mayers was born in France in 1822. He 
 emigrated to America in 1867. and settled in 
 Milwaukee, Wisconsin, remaining there aliout 
 five years. He then came to Mmnesota, and lived 
 in Minneapolis until 1878, when he moved to Long 
 Lake, where he now resides. In 1875 he married 
 Sarah Raphel. One child lias been born to them. 
 
 Rev. P. Magnus M. Mayr, a native of Bavaria, 
 was born in 1820. He was educated for the 
 priesthood in the I'niversity of ^Munich. In 1845, 
 he emigrated to America. He was ordained at 
 Pittsburgh, and his first charge was at St. Cloud, 
 Minnesota. Afterward, lie had charge of .several 
 churches in Wright and Hennepin counties. l)ut 
 failing health obliged him to abandon them for 
 the less laborious one at Chaska, Carver coimty, 
 where he remained for seven years. He was also 
 for seven years at New Trier. In 1879 he took 
 charge of the Catholic Church in Medina. 
 
 George Maxwell was born in "\'irginia, in 1829. 
 Moved to Hennepin county in 1855, and made a 
 claim where he now lives. He was married in 
 Illinois, to Miss Slane. and returned in 1856, 
 bringing with him the first wagon used west of 
 Wayzata. His wife camped oirLake Mhmetonka 
 vmtil he could buihl a shanty. Tliey have twice 
 moved away, but now have settled in Medina 
 permanently. 
 
 J. P. Meurer, a native of Germany, was bom 
 in 1833. He emigrated to America in 1855. and 
 worked at his trade, plate printing and engraving.
 
 27« 
 
 HISTOEY OF HESSEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 in New York, for about two years ; then went to 
 8t. Paul : remained there until 1859. when he , 
 moved to Hennepin county. Enlisted in 1864. in j 
 Co. H. 3d Minn.: was honorably discharged in 
 I860, and retimied to his farm. He has filled the 
 offices of Clerk, Supervisor, and Assessor in the 
 town of Medina, where he has since resided. 
 
 Peter Miller, born in Pru.ssia. 1S38. emigrated 
 to America and lived in Illinois - for two years. 
 Moved to Ilenneiiin county, in I800. and made a 
 claim in Medina ; has lieldthe office of chairman 
 of town board for four years. Married to Mar- 
 garet Shaussen in IstiT ; Enlisted in Company E. 
 Independent Batlallion. Minnesota Volunteers, 
 1864; honorably discharged at Fort Snelling, 1866. 
 
 P. Parrish was born in Erie county, Xew York, 
 in 1S14. He moved with his parents to Genesee 
 county, and at the age of twenty-two years went 
 to (ieauga county, Ohio, thence to Camden, Ohio, 
 in 1841, and engaged in railroaduig. He came to 
 Hennepin county in 18-58. and bought the farm 
 on which he now resides. Married Laura A. 
 Van Valkenburgm 1839. They have foiu- child- 
 ren, Leniira. Charles Henry. Ilattie M.. Carlos F. 
 
 Komaiu Pouliot. a native of Quebec, was born 
 in 1836. He came to Hennepin county and made 
 a claim ; built a small log house and began to 
 clear his farm. He enlisted m Company H, 
 Heavy Artillery, and was discharged at Fort 
 Snellmg in 1865. He married m 1857, Eugenia 
 Hamel. They have eleven children living. 
 
 George Keiser, a native of Germany, was born 
 m 1816. Moved to America, settled in Boston, 
 Massachusetts, and worked at bronzmg for eleven 
 years. In 1855 he settled in iledina. Hennepin 
 countj-. He was a member of the first lioard and 
 suggested the name which the tow n now l)ears. 
 He married in 1845. Mary Ann Letzkiis. They 
 have seven children. 
 
 Joseph B. Reiser was born m East Cambridge, 
 Massachiisetts. in 1846. Moved to Hennepin 
 county in ISoo. and settled where he now lives. 
 He is the son of George Reiser, one of the pio- 
 neer settlers of this part of the county. In 1869 
 he married .Julia Prelwitz. They have six child- 
 ren. 
 
 Andrew .J. Rosander. a native of Sweden, was 
 bom m 1850. He emigrated to America in 1872, 
 and located at Castle Rock. Dakota coimty, Min- 
 nesota ; moved to Anoka, then to "Wisconsin for a 
 
 short time, thence to Minneapohs and engaged in 
 brick making in 1878. Married in 1880 to Han- 
 nah C. Johnson. Mr. Rosander has now rented 
 the "Medina House" at Long Lake for a term of 
 yeai-s. 
 
 Anton Schaar was born m tTermany, in 1821. 
 Moved to America in 1S48. and settled in Hen- 
 nepin county ten years later. He bought a farm, 
 built a log house, and cleared two acres the first 
 year : has now cleared it up and built a nice 
 house. His last marriage was to Elizabeth 
 Boetel. They have four children now Uving. 
 
 Joseph Schaar was born in Germany, in 1821. 
 and is a twin brother of Anton. He came to 
 this comitry one year later than his brother, and 
 they have lived together since that time, he hav- 
 ing bought land near Anton's farm. In 1862, he 
 enlisted in Muniesota Mounted Eangers, serving 
 one year, then in Company D, 2d Mmnesota Cav- 
 alry. He was in several engagements, and was 
 honorably discharged at Fort Snelling. in 1864. 
 
 Dr. A. W. Shuck was born in Pennsylvania, ui 
 1837. When fourteen years old he began to work 
 at carpentering : followed it for two years. Was 
 also engaged in teaching. He attended two 
 courses of lectures at the Eclectic ^Medical In- 
 stitute, Cincinnati, and one course at Xewton's 
 Clinical Institute. He commenced the practice 
 of medicine in 1859. In 1861 he entered the 
 army, serving in the medical department of the 
 army and navy for three and a half years. He 
 moved to Benton county, and practiced medicine 
 from 1866 to 1873, when he went to Lake Minne- 
 t tonka. He now resides at Long Lake, enjoying 
 a large practice. He married ilattie A. McClan- 
 uahan. They have seven children. 
 
 H. Shumacher, a native of Prussia, was born in 
 1824. Emigrated to America in 18.53. Moved to 
 Scott county. Minnesota, in 1855. Finally settled 
 in Independence, made a claim, ajid lived on it 
 for eight years, then came to Medina. He enlist- 
 ed in 1864. in Company F. 11th Minnesota Vol- 
 unteers. A\'as honorably discharged at Fort 
 Snelling. in 1865. Married Miss M. Geigerman. 
 They have eleven children now li%'ing. 
 
 Dr. Mark H. Shepi)ard was born in Qviebec, in 
 182(.). iloved to England and from there to the 
 Isle of Man. He was educated at King WilUams 
 College, served his time at the Royal Infirmary, 
 Liverpool, aud passed examination in the Lon-
 
 MEDINA— BIOOEAPHICAL. 
 
 277 
 
 don College of Surgeons. He has traveled ex- 
 tensively. For a time he was surgeon on the 
 Wack IJall Line, sailing between Liverpool and 
 New York, and practiced medicine in Nova Sco- 
 tia for ten years. In 1868 he went to Parker's 
 Lake, and thence to Princeton, where he prac- 
 ticed medicine five years. He then came to Long 
 Lake, and has since resided here. In 1866 he 
 married Catherine A. McCloud. 
 
 W. A. Spaflord, a native of Quebec, was l)orn 
 in 182-5. He came to Hennepin county in 1853 
 and pre-empted a farm near Hopkins Station; 
 lived there two years; tlien iTi 1 8.5.5 moved to Me- 
 dina, bought a claim and sold it three years later; 
 he then located on the Lydiafd property wliich he 
 sold in 1862 and moved to where he now resides. 
 The grasshoppers attacked him in 18.56; and in 
 1862, the Indians obliged him to move his family 
 to Minneapolis for safety. 
 
 Henry StuV>l)s was born in (Jhio, in lN(Mi. He 
 moved to Minnesota in 18.56, and made a claim in 
 Medina, where he now resides. .Vt that time 
 Minneapolis had but one or two stores; Medina 
 people had to go tliere to mill for some years. 
 The first school in this town was held in an old 
 log blacksmith shop on Mr. Stubljs" place. He 
 was the first postmaster at Tamarac. afterwards 
 changed to Long Lake. 
 
 J. I). Stafford was born in Indiana, iu 1.S42. 
 Came to Minnesota and settled in Aledina. in 
 1861. He enlisted iu 1862, serving part of the 
 time among the Indians, the balance of the time 
 South. He was at the siege of Fort Blakely on 
 Mobile Baj- for fourteen days. Was honorably 
 discharged at Fort Snelling in 186.5. Married 
 Ella Styner in 1869. They have three children. 
 
 C. li. Stubbs was born in Ohio, in 184.5. He 
 came with his parents to Hennepin county, and 
 has since resided here. Mr. Stubl)s married, in 
 1869, Esther "White. Tlie> have four children. 
 He owns a Sorghum Mill. Stubbs" Patent Pans, 
 and Excelsior Machine, capacitx loO gallons per 
 day. two horse power. 
 
 Gibson Teas was born in Delaware, in 18(i9. 
 He moved to Wayne county. Indiana, in 1818 ; 
 thence to Hennepin county, Minnesota, in 18o6. 
 and settled near Starvation Point, Lake Minne- 
 tonka. In 18.58, he sold all his effects but land, 
 for a twenty dollar gold piece, and moved to 
 Indiana. Married Miss D. Stafford in 1859. and 
 
 returned to Hennepin county in 1S61. experi- 
 encing many hardships. In 1 S62. expecting hourly 
 to be attacked by Indians, they loaded their goods 
 into a spring wagon, and left, but afterwards 
 returned to the farm, wliere they have since re- 
 mained. 
 
 J. Turnliam was born in Illhiois, in 18.50; moved 
 to Minnesota and settled in Medina. He is the 
 owner of Turnliam's Sorghum Mill, built in 1877. 
 and located on his farm three miles from Long 
 Lake: capacity one hundred gallons per day. 
 He raises five to ten acres of cane per year, ma- 
 king aliout 1,000 gallons, besides manufacturing 
 for other parties. Mr. Turnham married Ellen 
 McKeneff in 187.5. She has borne him two chil- 
 dren. 
 
 J. D. Twist, a unlive of Xew York, was born 
 in Madison county. He moved to West "N'irginia. 
 thence to Ohio, thence to Indiana, and in 1867 
 came to Medina, where he has since resided. He 
 has one of the largest and most complete sorghum 
 mills in the'county. producing aliout 1.50 gallons 
 of syrup per day. eiiuipped with Stubbs & Sons 
 patent pans. au<l all under cover. He married 
 Elizabeth Lvncli. Tliey have five children living. 
 
 E. F. Walsh. l)orn in Nova Scotia, in 1827. 
 He settled in Hennepin county in l.s.56. and took 
 a claim where be now lives. Married in 185.5. 
 to Mary Gilman. They have six children. Lahe- 
 lia, Burke. .1. D.. Ida May. Eda Mary and Frank. 
 
 A. W. Wamboldt, born in Xova Scotia, in 1851. 
 He moved to Hennepin co\nity in 1863, and learn- 
 ed the cooper's trade in Mimieapolis. He went 
 to Florida, and lived two years, then returned to 
 Medina, where he has since resided, excepting a 
 short time in Meeker comity. lie was married 
 in 1880, to Miss Ida M.Walsh. 
 
 Dr. S. J. Wooster was born in Lenawee county. 
 Michigan, iu 1850. He came with his grand- 
 parents to Long Lake. Jlinnejota. and learned 
 thoroughly the prescription part of the drug busi- 
 ness, with George Savoy, of Mimieapolis. and 
 was associated with ('. A. Binidy iu the drug 
 trade. He studied medicine with Dr. Karl Ben- 
 deke, of Minneapolis; graduated at Keokuk Col- 
 lege of Physicians and Surgeons, receiving medi- 
 cal advice from some of the best physicians iu 
 America. He then located at Long Lake. Iu 
 1S76 he married ^largaret .birdau. One child 
 has been born to them.
 
 278 
 
 HISTOBY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 CRYSTAL LAKE 
 
 CHAPTER XLIV. 
 
 GENERAL DESCRIl'TIOX — SETTLEMENT —CIVIL 
 
 HISTORY MAXrFACTrKING INTERESTS 
 
 CHl'RCHES— SCHOOLS— RAILROAD -BIOORAPn- 
 ICAL. 
 
 Tills Is one of the eastern tier of tt)wnships. bor- 
 dering on the Mississipjii Kiver. The surface is 
 undulating, or rolling, and is lightly wooded, ex- 
 cept in the western part where the quality of the 
 soil is better, and merges into a beautiful prairie. 
 The area of brick clay extends along the river, 
 and is utilized as seen under the head of manu- 
 factures. Four lakes and one creek, represent 
 the internal waters of the town. Twin lake is far 
 the largest, formed, as its name wouljj mdicate, 
 by the union of two bodies of water by a narrow 
 strait. The shores of tliis lake are considerably 
 marshy. Crystal lake is smaller, but has a good 
 depth of water and better shores. These lakes 
 are well stocked with tish : pickerel, bass. etc. 
 Armstrong lake is quite small, with shores mostly 
 hard. Crandall lake has no inlet or outlet, and is 
 gradually drying up. Shingle creek flows through 
 the eastern part of the town and affords a water- 
 power near its mouth. 
 
 SETTLEMENT OF CRYST.\L LAKE. 
 
 The first settlement was made in 1852, and the 
 first settler was John "Ware Dow. who came 
 March 26th. John C. Bohanon came March 27th. 
 Later, the same year came Mrs. Rhoda Bean and 
 family. Joel and Eben Howe. John M. Snow, 
 Hiram Armstrong. David Smith. George Camp. 
 Mr. McNair. and Leonard t;(uild. Mr. John 
 Wesley Dow. son of John "Ware Dow. made his 
 claim J\ily oth of the same year. About the 
 same time and later, came Mr. X. P. "Warren. Jo- 
 siah Dutton. AVyman McCumber. L. Wagner, 
 John Gearty. and Rev. Lyman Palmer. Other 
 names of early settlers are Rufus Farnham. D. 
 
 C. Crandall. George Giebenhain. Peter SchuUer. 
 Z. Gillespie. David Morgan. E. McCausland. H. 
 R. Stillman. and J. S. Malbon. 
 
 The first death occinred m the family of ^Ir. 
 Bohanon— a little boy. Frederick, aged six months. 
 He was born in St. Anthony, and was about two 
 months old at the time the claim was entered. The 
 second death was that of Mrs. Bohanon. who died 
 January 11th. 18-53. 
 
 In 1857. a few were left destitute by the rav- 
 ages of grasshoppers, but this town suffered 
 much less than others adjacent. After the reduc- 
 tion of the Military Reservation, and the conse- 
 quent settlement of Minneapolis. Crystal Lakf. 
 as well as the other towns near by. developed 
 rapidly. The present population of the town is 
 1023. Acres of land. 14,550. Assessed valuation 
 of land in 1869. S88.588: 1875, $343,035: 1880. 
 5489.194. Pei-sonal property in 1869. §27,562; 
 1875.- $37,257: 1880. S69.693. Total taxes. 1869. 
 $2,927: 1875. $3,733: 1880. $4,376. Horses over 
 two yeai-s old. in 1869, 222; 1875, 285: 1880. 364. 
 Cattle over two yeai-s old. in 1869. 493: 1875. 636: 
 1880, 445. Sheep. 1869. 381: 1875. 248: 1880,281. 
 Hogs, 1869, 143; 1875. 144; 1880. 212. Bushels 
 of wheat in 1869. 14.416: 1875. 15.731: 1880. acre- 
 age. 2.314. 
 
 The northern part of Crystal Lake was once 
 called Farmersville, embracing the three northern 
 tiersof sections of the township. Previous to the 
 establishment of Farmersville. two of the four 
 tiers of sections which now constitute the town 
 Crystal Lake, belonged to the town of Brooklyn, 
 and two to the town of Minneapolis. The town 
 of Farmers^•ille was set apart by the county com- 
 missionei-s, July 8th, 1858, by taking two tiers of 
 sections from Brooklyn and one from Minneapo- 
 lis. At a subsequent meeting this action was 
 re-considered and FarmeI■s^•ille was never organ- 
 ized, but lapsed, and the boundaries remained as 
 established April 10th. 1858. In 1860. Crystal
 
 CRYSTAL LAKE—CIVIL HISTORY-MANUFACTURING. 
 
 Lake was formed, liy taking two tiers of sections 
 from Brooklyn and two from Minneapolis. 
 
 CIVIL HISTORY. 
 
 The caucus for the nomination of th'e lirst otli- 
 cers of the town, was held at the house of J. S. 
 Malboii, March 24tli. ISdO. and the lirst election 
 was held at the same place, April 3d. The 
 meeting was called to order by Jtlr. Mall:)on and 
 H. S. Camp was elected temporary chairman; 
 Moderator, N. R. Thompson; Clerk, H. S. Camp; 
 Judges of Election. James Brown, J. S. Malbon 
 and Z. Gillespie. The oath was administered by 
 H. S. Camp, notary public. Tlie following offi- 
 cers were elected : Supervisors, Henry S. Plum- 
 mer. chairman, John B. Johnson, Lorenzo V. 
 Warren ; Treasurer. Zachariah Gillespie ; Asses- 
 sor, Luther il. Bartlow ; Justices, II. S. Camp 
 and David \V. Jones ; Constables, Warren Will\ 
 and J. S. Wales ; Superintendent of Schools. X. 
 K. Thompson. The total number of votes cast 
 at this election, was tift3--flve. The supervisors 
 were authorized to levy a tax of S200, on the 
 "polls" and "real estate" to defray incidental 
 expenses for the year of 1860. April 30th. Josiah 
 Button was appointed assessor, Mr. Bartlow 
 having failed to ([ualify. The town officers for 
 1880 were : Supervisors, Philli]) Ilynes. chairman. 
 Phillip Kuch and George L Brimhall ; Clerk, X. 
 F. Euss ; Treasurer, J. P. Shumway ; Assessor. 
 Theodore Kirkwood. 
 
 3IANUF.\CTL'UINO INTKKKSJS. 
 
 David Morgan built the first flouring mill in 
 Crystal Lake, in 18.50. It was 30x40 feet, Iwo 
 stories high and had two runs of stone. The 
 mill stood on the north-east quarter of section 
 four, near the present site of 11. Oswald's house. 
 A dam was built on the creek, and a race, about 
 twenty-five rods in length, cut to it. The race 
 has now disappeared, but the dam remains. Mr. 
 Morgan sold the old mill, with the improvements 
 he had made, to parties vtho built tlie new one on 
 its present site. The old machinery was used and 
 new material added. It was purchased in 1872. 
 by Oswald and Bingenlieimer, and since the death 
 of the latter, in 1873, it has been owned and op- 
 erated by Mr. Oswald. The mill is located near 
 the Mississippi river, on Shingle creek. The 
 main building is 40x47 feet, with One addition for 
 the shafting and water wheel, and another for an 
 
 engine. It has a seventeen and a half inch tur- 
 bine wheel and an engine of sixty horse power. 
 The engine has been recently added. ' 
 
 The mill has four runs of stone, one crusher, 
 three middlings purifiers and five bolting reels. 
 All the machinery is new and complete. The 
 cai)acity of the mill is about one hundred barrels 
 in twenty-four hours. 
 
 Morrisons Brick Yard. In ].s7() this yard was 
 opened by ]\Iessrs. S. D. Morrison and X. Tiues- 
 dell. and operated by them three years. It has 
 four mills for grinding clay, and employs about 
 twenty men. The capital employed is about 
 S6.000. and the product of the yard, in 1880, \\as 
 1. «0(l. 00(1 lirick. which found a rcaily market in 
 Minneapolis. 
 
 Brick Yard of Jdhnsdu ami IJerg. This yard 
 was formerly carried on b,\ Todd and Johnson, but 
 is now owned and operated by Jcilnison and Berg. 
 It emplo\s four clay grinding mills and about 
 twenty men. The capital eiui)lc)yed is aliout 
 S J.OOO. The brick mainifaclure(i in this and tlie 
 neighboring yards, are the light-colored brick 
 common to this vicinity. 
 
 \\'eithoft's Brick Yard. Tliis >ard is located 
 on section twelve and is owned and operated by 
 Mr. William Weithotf. It employs two machmes 
 foi- grinding clay, and about eight men. Its 
 liroduct is tioO.OUO brick aniuially. 
 
 Shops. E. L. Iliggins" l)lacksmilh shop is the 
 only one in town. It was liuilt long ago, but has 
 been occupie<l only two years by ^Ir. Iliggins. 
 
 Only one small store is found in town, which 
 carries tiie usual stock of dry goods and groce- 
 ries. It is located at Shingle Creek. In 187.5, 
 Anton Wolf built a hotel on section six. It is 
 located four miles from Mimieapolis, near the 
 banks of Crystal Lake, and is frequented by 
 sportsmen in the hunting season. The post-office 
 is at Shi)igle Creek. As this town borders on the 
 city of Minneapolis, nearly all of the south half 
 of section ten has been platted in town lots, as 
 an addition to that city, and the streets are num- 
 bered and laid out regularly as a part thereof, 
 though not embraced under the city government. 
 Witfs stock yards and slaughter house, ('has. 
 Witt .builtand put in operation this institution, 
 in 1879, since which time it has been grow ing ra])- 
 idly in favor. The stock yards are the largest in 
 this part of the state, and are situated corner of
 
 ■2HU 
 
 HISTORY OF HENNEPIK COUNTY. 
 
 2d street and 26th Avenue Korth, on the south 
 line of the town. The business of the yard du- 
 ring the last^year. lias l)een over six thousand 
 liead of cattle, besides a {lenei-al commission bu- 
 siness in live stock. Tlie sheds afford accommo- 
 dation for eight hundred head of cattle, and tele- 
 phone connection with the city enables Mr. "Witt 
 to send men promptly to tlie depots and markets, 
 for removing stock, and other purposes. The 
 slavighter house is open to the use of all dealere 
 in meats in the city, and is already used by many. 
 It affords facilities for killing sixty head per day. 
 is well equipped, and kept in a neat condition by 
 the proprietor, furnishing every convenience for 
 the transaction of business. In connection with 
 it. is kept a neat hotel, for the accommodation of 
 customei-s and the general public. 
 
 CHUKCHES. 
 
 Three church organizations are sustained in 
 the town: the "Methodist Episcopal." "Free AVill 
 Baptist." and •■Cathohc." The Methodist or- 
 ganization, began by the forming of a class, in 
 1867, under Eev. Jesse Smith, at the school 
 house, where preaching was had once in two 
 weeks. Rev. ilr. Smith continued one year. His 
 successoi-s were Kevs. J. H. Macomlier. three 
 years : Henry Brook, two years : David Brooks, 
 one year : F. H. Tubbs. two years : L. P. Smith, 
 two years: O. E. Stoddard, eight mcmths. Rev. 
 Mr. Stoddard died while in charge, and Rev. .J. 
 W. Comish tinished that year. Rev. Boyd 
 Phelps, the next pastor, remained one year, and 
 Rev. Levi tTleason. one year. Rev. J. Teter is 
 the present pastor. In .March. 1S79. the church 
 building was commenced: it was completed 
 and dedicated November 30th, 187ii. It is a 
 frame building, veneered with brick, in size 30 
 x 46 feet, with a vestibule 8x16 feet, and twenty 
 feet posts. It is finished in pine and black wal- 
 nut, is heated by a fiunace. has a good organ. 
 and cost about S2.100. The cemetery is near the 
 church, on the south. 
 
 The Crystal Lake and Brooklyn Free Will 
 Baptist church, was organized. May 27th. 1860. 
 with six members, by Rev. W. Hayden and A. I). 
 Sandborn. It had no pastor, but only occasional 
 preaching until March. 1M62. .Vbuiit tliis time. 
 Rev. R. "W. Bryant, of Minneapolis, commenced 
 visiting the church, holding occasional evening 
 
 meetings, and Eev. II. N. Herrick preached every 
 two weeks. Rev. Mr. Bryant was pastor from 
 this time until May. 1864. when he was succeeded 
 by Rev. J. ElUot. Rev. ^y. Hayden was pastor, 
 during 1S69. and Rev. C. L. Russell, in 1870-71. 
 From this date to 1S76, the church was partially 
 suppUed by Rev. H. X. Herrick ; then followed 
 Rev. J. C. Robinson for one year. Rev. A. J. 
 Davis, until the fall of 1878. and Rev. A. 
 H. Hanscome for one year. A vacancy then 
 occured. until April 1880. when the present pastor 
 Rev. D. D. Mitchell took the charge. The mem- 
 bership is now thirty, and the utiicers are. clerk. 
 .1. P. Shumway: deacons. I). AV. .lones and William 
 M. Stinchfield. The church was built in 1875-6, 
 on section o and is about 30x40 feel, with 18 feet 
 posts. It is a neat structure, completely tinished 
 withm. and cost about S2,200. 
 
 St. Mary"s Catholic Church has al)out twenty 
 members. The bnikUng is of wood, and was 
 l)uilt for a German Catholic school-house ui 1863. 
 The original building was about 20x30, but in 
 1873. when it began to be used as a church, an 
 addition was made about two-thirds the size of 
 the original building and it then received its pres- 
 ent name. The first priest was Father Eberhart 
 and the present. Father P. Bartholomeus. The 
 fii-st baptism, was that of Matthias Reichert, 
 May 10th, 1863. A cemetery adjoins the church 
 on the east. 
 
 SCHOOLS. 
 
 .huiuary 3d. 18o3. John AVare Dow was noti. 
 fied by John H. Stevens, then clerk of the Board 
 of County Commissioners, that a school district 
 called No. 2. had been formed and he was re- 
 quested to notify the legal voters therein and 
 call a meeting. The district at that time included 
 nearly all the north half of the county. A line 
 rimning west from the river, about a mile north 
 of the south line of Crystal Lake township to the 
 west boundary of the county, was tlie south line 
 of the district. A school was held that year in a 
 claim shanty on land that now belongs to J. GIL 
 lespie. and taught by Miss Smith. This was 
 prol)al)ly the first school in the northern part of 
 the county. The old school hiulding was located 
 near the site of the present one. belonging to No. 
 26. A school system has grown up. embracing at 
 the present time, five school districts igid several 
 joints districts : No. 23 on section 18. house built
 
 CBYSTAL LAKE-BIOGRAPHICAL. 
 
 281 
 
 in 1863 ; No. 24 on section IB, house built in 18(>7 ; 
 No. 25 on section 10, bouse built 1872 ; No. 20 ;it 
 Shingle creek, house built about 1868: No. lis 
 on section 2, house built in 1S77. The buildings 
 with the exception of that on section 18 are good, 
 and are all furnished with patent desks. 
 
 KATLROAD. 
 
 The Minneapolis and North-western branch of 
 the St. Paul, Minneapolis and Manitoba Railway is 
 now in ])rocess of construction. It enters from 
 the south, near the east corner of section 7, and 
 passes diagonally across the township, and out on 
 the north line of section o, west of the center. 
 The location of the road is extremely unfavor- 
 able, and a source of great annoyance to the 
 farmers along a portion of the line. 
 
 mOCJUAPIIICAL. 
 
 John Berg was born in Sweden. -IuIn Kith. 
 1846. He worked on a farm until fifteen, in a 
 flouring mill ten years, and at carpenter work 
 two years. He came to America, arriving at lied 
 Wing, Minnesota, in May, 1S6S. when he went 
 to brick-making. In 1871. he was employed by 
 the Minneapolis Brick Company. In 1872, be 
 was in Bismarck, brick-making. In 1874-5-6, 
 worked for Union Brick Comi)an> . in Minneapo- 
 lis. In the fall of 1876, worked for K. ('. Todd, 
 in "79-80, was a partner with Johnson Brothers. 
 He married Miss Clara C. .Vnder.son, of Minne- 
 apolis, January. 1 875. They have three children: 
 Charles E.. F. Alida and Oscar T. 
 
 John C. Bolianon was born August L':-til, 1.SI7, 
 in Alexander, Maine, where he followed the lum- 
 bering business until 1851. when he came to vSt. 
 Anthony. March 26th, 1852. he moved to the 
 land he now occupies, section 4, and was the sec- 
 ond man who settled here. He has been engaged 
 hi farming and lumbering since he came to Min- 
 nesota. Married, in 1840, Miss Lncretia ^fcKen- 
 zie, of Calais, Maine. January 11th, 18.58, his 
 wife died, and was the first white adidt buried in 
 this town. November lltth, 1,s56, he married 
 Sophia H. Longfellow. Nine children are living: 
 S. L., Charles, find H. Willard. by his first wife; 
 John L., Annie T.. Frederick X., James M., 
 Sarah E.. and Ira E.. by second marriage. 
 
 H. H. Boughton was born August 25th. 1.S46. in 
 Lorain county, Ohio, and moved with his par- 
 ents to Nauvoo, Illinois ; from there to Galena, 
 
 and learned the milling trade ; thence to Prescott. 
 Wisconsin, where he remained until 1873, when 
 he went to Minneapolis. He remained there un- 
 til 1878. engaged in milling. He was then em- 
 ployed at the Crystal Flour Mill, at Shingle Creek, 
 where he has since remained. August 14th, 1872. 
 he married JSIiss Farnsworth, of River Falls. 
 Wisconsin. They have two children : Etta and 
 Ella. 
 
 ti. W. Brookins, a native of Vermont, was 
 born December 12th, 1827. He remained there 
 until 1856, farming summers and teaching win- 
 ters. He came to Minnesota in 1856 and settled 
 in Wright county, engaging in farming and en- 
 gineering. Enlisted in the Third Minnesota In- 
 fantry, mustered out in 1864. and served in the 
 commissary department one year. In 1865 he 
 came to Crystal Lake, remaining here until 1.S72. 
 when he went'to Minneapolis in the lumber luisi- 
 ness, and from that to the well and pump busi- 
 ness. In 1880 he again moved to Crystal Lake 
 on his own land in section two. Married in 1867, 
 Miss Zilpha A. Atwood, of A'ermont, They 
 have three children: Anna. Clara and Freddie. 
 
 D. C. Crandall was born at Lake (ieorge. War- 
 ren county. New Vork, November 22d, 1820. 
 where he lived till manhood, and was occupied in 
 lumberhig. He moved to Minnesota in 1855, and 
 located where be now lives, and jire-empted the 
 same in 1861. Married, in 1844, Miss Julia My- 
 ers, of Lake George, New York. They have 
 three children living: .lames. Eugene and Ver- 
 non. 
 
 Major J. II. Donaldson w as born September 
 5, 1835, in jSIuskingum county, Ohio, his parents 
 being natives of \'irginia, who came to Ohio at 
 an early day. In 1856 he married Miss Cochran 
 of the same county and State, came immediately 
 to Minnesota and located a claim, near where is 
 now the village of Farmington, then a wilderness. 
 He remained there until the breaking out of the 
 war. when he entered the Fourth Minnesotii 
 Infantry, as private: soon after received a com- 
 mission as Lieutenant, and was sent at once to 
 Fort Ripley, where he held cdnunand during the 
 winter of '61-2. In the siuiug of isiii! he went 
 south, and joined the aiiuy hnmediately after the 
 battle of Shiloh. and helped drive Beauregard's 
 army into Corinth. Was on the staff of General 
 Sanborn, during, and prior to, the siege of Vicks-
 
 282 
 
 HISTORY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 burg, and was present at nearly all the battles in 
 that vicinity. He received the commissions of 
 thirst Lientenant, Captain and Major during his 
 liis service. On leaving the service, he returned 
 to his home, and with (iovernor Wni. R. Mar- 
 shall opened in !Mower comity one of the largest 
 farms in the state, where he remained for three 
 yeare. lie then removed to St. Paid, and opened 
 a Real Estate office, at the same time conducting 
 liis farm. In lsT7. removed to Minneapolis 
 where he dealt in real estate. In 1880. pureliased 
 his present residence at Shingle Creek. Has been 
 county commissioner of Dakota c'ounty. and Rep- 
 resentative of the same. Is still in llie Real Estate 
 business. Ottiee in Pence Opera House block. 
 Minneapolis. 
 
 Josiah Dutton was born at Cliarlestown. Xe\\ 
 Hampshire. September, 1822, and three years 
 after removed with his parents to Essex county, 
 and then to A\'arreii couiit> . Xew York. There 
 he lived until 1853, when he came to Mmnesota, 
 and three months after, pre-empted the land on 
 which he now lives, containing 12(> acres, all under 
 cultivation. Married Miss D. C. Clark, of Ver- 
 mont, March 12. 1848. They have had four chil- 
 dren, two now living: A. C. and Jesse X. 
 
 David Ellsworth was born in Chenango county. 
 Xew York. .July 28. 1820. In 1830 he moved to 
 Syracuse, where he learned the tanner's trade, 
 following it for some time. He then emliarked 
 in the mercantile business, until I8ij7. when he 
 came to Minnesota, and settled on the land he 
 now occupies. October 7. 1845. he married Miss 
 Caroline "Wales, who died May 22. 1840. leaving 
 two children. Mary and Caroline. The latter 
 died in hifancy. His second wife was Miss Eu- 
 phemia Stevens. Martha A.. Margaret D.. Ame- 
 lia E., Frederick J.. George "W.. David F. and 
 Edward H., are children by second marriage. 
 
 Rufus Famham was born in A\'ashington coun- 
 ty, Xew York. Febrnarx 2. 1822. and remained 
 there, following the lumbering l)usiiiess. until he 
 came to St. Anthony, ;Minnesota. October 23, 
 1849. He followed lumbering until 1853. when 
 he located on his present farm. In February. 
 1849, he married Miss Eliza J. Gillesine, of Bar- 
 ing, Washington county, Maine. They have had 
 twelve children, eight of whom are living. 
 
 George Giebenhain was born in Germany, 
 March 29, 1827. He came to America in 1850 ; 
 
 lived in Xew York state two years ; went to Illi- 
 nois, and remained about three years. In 1855 
 he came to Crystal Lake. Minnesota, and located 
 where he now lives. He has 270 acres, 130 un- 
 der cultivation. In 1864 he enlisted in Co. F. 
 5th Minn. Vol. Inf., and served till the war 
 closed. He was in the two days battle at X'asli- 
 ville : went into it with 300 men. and lost 135. 
 In 1855. he married Miss Margaret Schotield, of 
 Crystal Lake. They have had twelve children, 
 ten of whom are living : Louisa. Albert, Xicholas, 
 William. Charles. Katlierine. Peter. Edward, 
 Frank and Eldiiia. 
 
 R. II. Hasty was born in York county, Maine, 
 December 12th. 1823. Came to Minnesota hi 
 1849. and settled in Stillwater, where he followed 
 the lumbering business till June 14tli. 1862, when 
 be enlisted in the Sixth Mmnesota ^'olunteer In- 
 fantry, and was appointed Lieutenant by Gov. 
 ilarshall. He crossed the plains witli General 
 Sibley in his campaigns against the Indians. On 
 returning, charge was given him of the conva- 
 lescent department at Fort (ioodhue. He w^as 
 appointed Drill Sargent to the drafted men at 
 Fort Snelling ; was relieved July, 18B4, and 
 joined his regiment at Helena. Arkansas. Be- 
 fore leaving, tiov. Marshall appointed him Lieu- 
 tenant. At Helena he found half of the officei"S 
 sick, which obUged him to ilo double duty. He 
 was taken with fever, obtained sick leave, and 
 came to Minnesota. He was honorably dis- 
 charged in 1865, and again engaged in the liun- 
 bering liusiness. until 1880. He is now manufac- 
 turing lirick in Crystal Lake. 
 
 F. L. Ilohvay was born Xovember 11th, 1836, 
 at Machias. Washington county, Maine. He fol- 
 lowed farming and lumbering till 21 years of 
 age. In 1857 he went to Saint Paul, for a short 
 time, then went to Afton, ^^linnesota, and en- 
 gaged in farming. In 1859 he weat to Saint An- 
 thony, and worked on a contract for railroad ties, 
 a few months : then came to I'rystal Lake to 
 work on a farm : after wjiich he was employed 
 in various ways in Minneapolis until 18(58. when 
 he came to his present farm in Crystal Lake, 
 built a house, and moved into it in 1871. Mr. 
 Holway inaiTied Ellen Shepard, of Plymouth, 
 Minnesota. Two children have been born to 
 them. Howard and ^larcia. In 1864 he enlisted 
 in Company F. of the Eleventh Minnesota Vol-
 
 CBYSTAL LAKE—BIOGRAPHICAL. 
 
 283 
 
 unteer Infantry, under Captain Plummer. and 
 served till the close of the war. He lias held 
 several town offices. 
 
 Jacob Kesler was born July 4th. 1S2(I. in Mer- 
 cer county, Pennsylvania. In 1842 lie went to 
 Keokuk, Iowa, and on Lis arrival had but half a 
 dollar in money. Took a tri]! to New Orleans in 
 the winter of 184.5. Settled for a time in Kentucky, 
 opposite Cincinnati ; then leiited the Mansion 
 House at Newport. Kentucky, and boanled the 
 Kith regiment until it left for Mexico. For three 
 years he managed hotels in Cincinnati, Ohio. In 
 1851, went to Fort Recovery. Ohio, and engaged 
 in farming for three years. During this time he 
 cleared, with his own hands, sixty-flve acres. 
 Moved to Union City, Indiana, in 1854, and went 
 into the grocery business ; also dealt largely in 
 grain. In 1863 he came to ^Minnesota, and set- 
 tled in Brooklyn, and opened a farm of 7U0 acres, 
 where he remained nine years ; then removed to 
 Minneapolis, and engaged in the real estate busi- 
 ness. In 187t3 he built his present elegant home, 
 and removed to it. He ^^■as m.irried to Miss 
 Orinda Nichols, of Campbell county, Kentucky. 
 Octolier 27th, 184(i. They have had two children, 
 only one is living. In the winter of 18(58-9, he 
 opened the first regular pork-packing house in 
 Minneapolis. 
 
 Philip Kuch, a native of (jermany. \\ as born 
 in 1831. Came to America in 1850, and located in 
 Erie county, Pennsylvania. Followed the butcher 
 business until 1855. when he went to St. .Vntliony. 
 and remained four years; then moved to a farm 
 near Medicine Lake. In I.SHI he returned to the 
 city, and in 1864 started for Idaho with a number 
 of men, uiuler Capt. Fisk, of St. Paul. AVhen 
 near the foot of the Black Hills they were at- 
 tacked by Indians, and were surronnded by them 
 for twenty days, when help came from General 
 Sully, at Fort Rice. Tliirteen were killed ; the 
 rest returned to the Fort. He returned home 
 and bought his present homestead in 1865. lie 
 married Miss Elizabeth Schafer, in IHoii. They 
 have seven children : Lizzie, Henry. Katlierine. 
 Leopold, Susan, Marie, and (iracie. 
 
 W. G. McKnight was liorn in Nashville. Teiin.. 
 January 27, 1853. Moved to Christian county, 
 Missouri, where he lived until l.s73. when he 
 went to Indiana. In 1875 he went to Yankton, 
 Dakota, and opened a boarding house ; then went 
 
 to the Black Hills and remained until 1879. when 
 he came to Crystal Lake, and has since been a 
 stock dealer here. 
 
 W. R. ^ledcalf. born in Licking county, Ohio, 
 in 1842. In 1852 he moved to Crawford county, 
 Illinois, and remained till 1866, when he came to 
 Crystal Lake where he now lives, and is exten- 
 sively engaged in fancy gardening and the culti- 
 vation of choice fruits. On the 25th, of January 
 1866, he was married to Miss A. II. Carr. Their 
 children are Ulysses Grant, Cora A. and Eflie A. 
 
 Francis Morrison was born in Windsor. Ver- 
 mont, in 1813. At thirteen years of age he re- 
 moved to Stowe. where he continued for some 
 time. In 1847 he conmienced w ork on the A'ermont 
 Central Railroad and worked four years. In 1 851 he 
 went to Indiana and took a contract on New Ogden 
 and ^Michigan City Railroad. In 1852 came to St. 
 Anthony, and at once located 153 acres in what is 
 now Demmon & Morrison's addition, and paid the 
 first ^money into the Government Land Office at 
 Minneapolis. He has been extensively engaged in 
 lumbering, in the mean lime Imilding a mill at 
 Clearwater. In 1854 he was President and Su- 
 perintendent of the Mississippi Bridge Company. 
 and had charge of building the first suspension 
 bridge across the river: he and Mr. (ririfflths the 
 engineer, were the first to cross it in a carriage. 
 Mr. Morrison was also superintendent of the ma- 
 sonry for the new bridge. Since coming here he 
 has been largely identified with the building up 
 of the city. 
 
 S. I). Morrison was burn Decciiiberyoth. Is32. in 
 \Vashington county, Maine. He lived there till 
 185<i. then came to Minneapolis and followed the 
 carpenters trade untill 1.S70, wlien he moved to 
 Crystal Lake: then two years later returned to 
 Minneapolis. In 1^74 he moved again to Crystal 
 Lake and followed dairying two years. Since 
 then he has been manufacturing brick in the larg- 
 est establishment in tliis county, and is one of the 
 leading citizens of the town. 
 
 II. Oswald was born in Switzerland. Marcli 
 17th, 1832. Came to Americain 1854 and settled 
 in West Virginia. In 1855 he moved to Illinois, 
 and the following March came to Minneapolis 
 and embarked in mercantile business, following 
 it until 1858, when he was appointed toll-keeper 
 at the upper bridge, holding the position until 
 1862; he again entered mercantile life and fol-
 
 2S4 
 
 HISTOBY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 lowed it until 1872, when he bought the mills 
 in Crystal Lake which he has conducted since. 
 He was twice elected alderman in Minneapolis. 
 
 W. P. Peterson was born in Sweden, in 1842. 
 He attended school until fifteen years of age. 
 then learned the trade of carpenter and joiner, 
 and emigrated to America in 18ii4. settling in 
 Carver, Minnesota, where he stayed one year. He 
 then removed to ilinneapolis, and commenced 
 the manufacture of brick on the Champliu Road, 
 three miles north of Minneapolis. He is now 
 doing a large business there, under tlie tirm name 
 of Peterson & Benson. 
 
 P. yv. Reidhead. a native of Maine, was born 
 in Hancock county, October 26th, 1844. He 
 lived tliere initil 1860 when he came to ilinneap- 
 olis; remained four years and then returned to 
 Maine. In lSli6 he came back to Minnesota and 
 settled ou the farm owned by his father in Crys- 
 tal Lake. He married, in 1865, !Miss A. M. Kin- 
 eaid. They have had four children. Mr. Reid- 
 head's father came to this county al)out 1849 
 and remained until his death. 
 
 A. D. Shoop was born in Dauphin county. 
 Pennsylvania, November 10th, 1837. He started 
 in life for himself in 1859, near the old home- 
 stead, where he farmed until I860, when he came 
 to Minnesota and rented several farms. He is 
 now living on the farm owned by J. K. and H. 
 G. Sidle, in Crystal Lake. On September 22d. 
 1856. he married Miss Emeline Hoke. Their 
 four children are William. James. Charles and 
 Mary. 
 
 Peter Schuller. a native of Prussia, was l)orn 
 August. 1828. Came to America in 1852, and 
 worked in St. Louis as stone mason until 1855, 
 when he came to St. Paul. In 1857 he made his 
 pre-emption of 160 acres in Crystal Lake. He 
 takes a great interest in fruit growing, has now 
 three acres of orchard. He has held every office 
 in town but clerk, has also been county coroner. 
 Married, in 1856. Miss Mary Gellner. They have 
 ten children living: Barnard. Susan. Lizzie. Peter, 
 Charles, ilargaret. Mary. .Tuhn. Hubert and 
 Mathias. 
 
 J. P. Shumway was born in ^Vindham county, 
 Connecticut, June 1830. Ileremahied there, en- 
 gaged in farming, until 1855, when he came to 
 Minnesota and located a claim near Crow River. 
 In 1856 he bought the land where he has since 
 
 lived. In the fall of 1864 he enlisted in the 
 Eleventh Minnesota Infantry, and served luitil 
 the close of the war. Mr. Shumway has been 
 Treasmer of Crystal Lake for the past three 
 years. In 1850 he married Louisa A. Russ, of 
 Chaplin. Connecticut. To them have been born 
 two children. 
 
 Leonard Wagner was boru in Prussia in 1822. 
 In 1848 he emigrated to America, came to AVis- 
 consin and worked in a saw mill. In 1852 
 removed to St. Anthony, remained there one 
 year, then went to Crystal Lake. Mrs. Wagner 
 was the first white woman in that vicinity. In 
 1852 Mr. ^Vaguer was married to Margaret Bauen- 
 feind. They have eight children : Maggie, Eliza- 
 beth. Ileinrich. Eldena. Eleanora. George. Edwin 
 and Adelia. 
 
 Charles "Witt, a native of Germany, was born 
 in 1827. He came to America in 18.52. settled in 
 Cleveland. Oliio. and engaged in the meat busi- 
 ness. In 1854 he went to Superior City, and 
 thence to Duluth ; which at that time had but 
 two houses. In 1856 he went to Ontonagon. 
 Michigan, then came to Minneapolis in 1867. and 
 opened the "Lake Superior Market," and operated 
 it until 1S79, when he .started his large stock 
 yard and slaughter limise. corner Second street 
 and Twenty-Sixtli Avenue north. 
 
 Anton Wolf, a native of Prussia, was liorn in 
 1S30. He came to America in isui. and in com- 
 pany with others went to (ieorgetown, on the 
 Red River ; remained there three months, then 
 went to St. Cloud. Minnesota, thence to St. Paul, 
 where he remained aliout three years, then went 
 to Medina, where he married :Mrs. Elizabeth 
 Meurer Ililger. For a time he was at ilinnea- 
 poUs working in a lumber yard : he also kept the 
 '■Harmonia House" and the "Washington House." 
 In 1875 he came to Crystal Lake and erected the 
 hotel of which he is now proprietor. He has 
 one child. .Joseph. 
 
 William Zirbes was liorn in (ierniany. ilarch 
 24,1836. Came to America in 18.58 and to St. 
 Anthony. He bought the farm where he now 
 lives : it is beautifully located on Twin Lakes. In 
 1864 he enlisted in company E, Eleventh Mimie- 
 sota Infantry Volunteers, and served till the close 
 of the war. In 1866 he was married to Miss 
 Kate Staffes. Their children are Fannie and 
 Julia.
 
 BROOKLYN— EARLY SETILEMENT. 
 
 285 
 
 BROOKLYN. 
 
 OHAPTEH XLV. 
 
 GENERAL DESCRIPTION — EARLY SETTLEMENT — 
 POLITICAL RECORD— CHURCHES -SCHOOLS— 
 lUOGRAPIIICAL. 
 
 Brooklyn is situated in the iioitli-easteni part 
 of the county, on the Mississippi river. The ori- 
 ginal boundaries of the town were estalilished 
 April loth, l^SoS, and embraced, in addition to 
 township 119, range 21, the two northern tiers of 
 sections in 118, 21, which now form a part of 
 Crystal Lake. At a session of tlie board of county 
 commissioners, July 8th, 1858, tlie boundaries 
 were changed to the present limits, by the esta))- 
 lishment of the town of Farmersville. This took 
 off tlie two southern tiers of sections. At a sub- 
 sequent meeting of tlie board, the action with 
 regard to the formation of Farmersville, was re- 
 considered, and the boundary of IJrooklyii was 
 left as originally established until tlie organiza- 
 tion of tlie town of Crystal Lake. 
 
 Tlie surface is very level and conse(|uently 
 nearly destitute of lakes, to which the other towns 
 of the county owe much of their lieauty. Tlie 
 few that exist are shallow, witli low, marsli>- 
 shores. Palmer Lake, in section 26, through 
 which Shingle Creek flows, is the largest. A va- 
 riation from the uniform level occurs in the south- 
 west, where a small corner reaches on the rolling 
 clay beyond the sandy belt, in which tlie rest of 
 the township lies. The extensive marslics yield 
 abundance of good wild hay, most of whicli can lie 
 cut by machines. The prairie land is divided in 
 four distinct praires, known as Ijottineau, Long, 
 Jenkins and Getchell prairies. The first, named 
 from Pierre Bottineau, an early settler, is about 
 a mile in width and three in lengtli. Long, took 
 its name from its shape and is four miles in 
 length by one and a half in widtli. The two last, 
 bear the names of early settlers. Jenkins is one 
 
 and a half and Getchell, one mile in width. Tlie 
 timber is small, though a little of larger growth is 
 found in the north-east near the river, and in 
 the south-west on the clay. The bluffs along the 
 river are low and sandy. The Mississippi is navi- 
 gable here and small steamers ply up and down. 
 Shingle Creek Hows across the township from 
 west to east. 
 
 EARLY SETTLEMENT. 
 
 In the spring of 1852, Washington Getchell, 
 his son Winslow, Amos Berry, and Jacob Long- 
 fellow, made claims at the same time on \^'hat is 
 now called Getchell Prairie, in the southern part 
 of the township. Winslow Getchell remained 
 but a few months, and returned to St. Anthony. 
 On the Hrst day of July, Joseph Potvin, P. Bot- 
 tineau, Peter Raiche, and Peter Garvais made 
 claims on Bottineau Prairie, and camped on their 
 claims the first night. Ezra Ilanscom, who came 
 to St. Anthony, from Maine, in ISoO, took a claim 
 near the Getcliells, July 2d, 18.52; began his house 
 in April, and completed it in July. 185.3. With 
 Ezra Ilanscom came his two Ijrothers-in-law, 
 N. S. Grover and John W. Brown, who took 
 claims, but abandoned them. These were, with- 
 out doubt, the first actual settlers in the township. 
 In the spring of 1853, no improvements had been 
 made, and all was wild. Indian trails supplied 
 the place of roads, and the red men were found 
 in great numbers. The Chippewas were the more 
 numerous, and the tribes were continually at war 
 with each other. They were not, lio\\ever, hos- 
 tile to the whites, and only caused annoyance by 
 pilfering, and frightening women and children. 
 
 In the fall of 1858. Allen B. Chaffee and a colo- 
 ny of fourteen families came from Adrian, Mieh- 
 gan, and that vicinity. In the spring following, 
 some returned and brought out additional set- 
 tlers to tlie colony. 
 
 The following were of the ^Vdrian colony: 
 H. H. Smith, Thomas Keeley, D. B. Thayer.
 
 286 
 
 HISTORY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 Otis H. Brown, Seneca 15., Jeremiah. John and 
 Job Brown, Homer. Howell and Stephen Roberts 
 and another brother, Stephen Caner, and John 
 Clark, who all settled within a radins of three or 
 four miles of Osseo. .Vt the tune of settlement 
 the land was not surveyed, and when afterward, 
 in 18-5o, the survey was made, part found them- 
 selves in ]5rooklyn and part in Maple (irove. 
 Most of tlie members of this eolony are still liv- 
 ing: iu town. John Fogerson, fathei- of Allen 
 Fogei'son. Job Brown and otheis, drove a team 
 and stock through for Chaffee and Smith. They 
 were six or seven weeks on the road, while those 
 who came without delay, consumed about two 
 weeks in the journey. Their route was by rail- 
 road to Eock Island, and thence by boat to St. 
 Paul. At ^Minneapolis they crossed the river by 
 ferry, and found the first store on the west side 
 just building, on the corner of First Street and 
 Bridge Square, but could not buy a jiound of nails 
 or sugar on the west side of the river. On 
 reaching their claims. Smith. Keeleyaud Thayer 
 built, at first, a shaul> in company, tlie roof of 
 which was so poor that tin-iians were used to 
 catch the water as it came through from the rain. 
 Soon, however, each had his own liouse, more 
 thoroughly built. Mr. Thayer died three years 
 since. Mr.Smith now lives in Minneapolis, where 
 he practices as a magnetic physician. Daniel 
 Chase and Alonzo Bragdon reached Long Prairie 
 about a week sooner than the Adrian settlers. 
 A. H. Benson bought and improved a claim in 
 1854, and moved on it in 1855. Jonathan Estes, 
 J. M. Diirnam, X. Crocker, L. R. Palmer and J. 
 P. Plummer. settled here in l.s53-"->4. The first 
 settlers on Long Prairie were Ilirain Smith. Job 
 Kenneston. Charles Miles, James II. W. Brown, 
 St<>phen Howe, William Cate and J. I). Ilervey. 
 Of the first settlers on (letchell Prairie. Wash- 
 ington Getehell and his son, "Winslow, are now 
 m California. Jacob Longfellow has always re- 
 niamed in the town, and Amos Berry lives in 
 California. Ezra Ilauscom still lives on his orig- 
 inal claim. 
 
 Of the early settlers on Long Prairie. Mr. sill- 
 ier is now in Anoka county. Jol) Kenneston. in 
 Todd county, and Charles Miles in Minneapolis. 
 Brown enlisted in the First Minnesota Infantry, 
 and was several times wounded. lie had both 
 legs and one arm broken in different engage- 
 
 ments. He was taken prisoner at the battle in 
 front of Petersbiu'g. and exchanged after three 
 months. He then went to England to obtain 
 property, to whicli he had become an heir, but 
 found on arrival that it had reverted to the crown, 
 in default of a claimant within the prescribed 
 time. He returned to America, took a claim at 
 Holmes City, and died there twelve years since. 
 Stephen Howe lives in Anoka city. William 
 Cate lives in Iowa, and Ilervey went hack to 
 Massachusetts six years ago. 
 
 The grasshopper scourge, from which many 
 of the towns suffered, was felt in a slight degree 
 Ijy this town. In 1857 a narrow strip of comitry 
 from the Northwest i^art of the town, extending as 
 far as Ezra Ilanscom's. near the center, was devas- 
 tated by grasshoppers. At this point their de- 
 struction ceased abruptly, and their sudden Hight 
 would be regarded remarkable, had similar ca- 
 prices never been reported elsewhere. 
 
 POLITICAL EECURD. 
 
 The first town meeting was helil at the liouse 
 of Ezra Ilauscom. May 11th. 1858. At this meet- 
 ing, one hundred and twenty-eight votes were 
 cast, resultins^ in the election of Supervisors, E. 
 T. Ailing, chairman. William Stinchfield and J. 
 P. Plummer: Clerk. L. T. B. Andrews; Asses- 
 sor. Ezra Ilauscom : Collector, James McRay ; 
 Overseer of Poor. James Xorris ; Justices of the 
 Peace, H. II. Smith, and A. H. Benson ; Consta- 
 bles. J. M. Durnam and W. T). Getehell. The offi- 
 cers of the town for 1S80, were, Supervisors, Levi 
 L. Get<'hell. chairman, Ole Ilalverson and T. R. 
 Doten: Clerk. E. R. Xorris; Assessor. Ezra 
 Hanscom ; Treasurer, William Stinchfield ; Jus- 
 tice of the Peace, E. R. Xorris : Constables, 
 William A. Howe and Warren Fletchei-. 
 
 The settlement of this town went on rapidly 
 from 1853. Within two years the town was well 
 settled. Ill 1S54. nearly all the land had been 
 taken. •■ Claim jumping " was common, and led 
 to stirring times and some excitement. 
 
 The following statistics will show the present 
 status and growtli of the town. The number of 
 acres of land, according to the report of 1880, is 
 20.114. The assessed valuation of real estate, 
 exclusive of town lots, for 1869, was 8112,346 ; 
 for 1875. S258.M26 ; for 1880. S34G,715 ; of personal 
 property for 1869, $41,566; for 1875, 852,497;
 
 BROOKLYN—CHURCHES— SOCIETIES— SCHOOLS. 
 
 287 
 
 for 1880, §53,738. Total amount of taxes for 
 1869, $4,111: for 1875, §4,592; for 1880, §3,764. 
 Horses over two years old, in 1869, 343 ; In 1875, 
 446 ; in 1880, 463. Cattle over two years old, in 
 1869, 559 ; in 1875, 703 ; in 1880, 459. Sheep, in 
 1869,351; in 1875,279; in 1880, 326. IIo^s. in 
 1869, 127; in 1875, 160; in 1880, 198. Wheat, 
 in 1869, 14.714 bushels; in 1875. 24,640 bushels; 
 in 1880, 3,4()6 aiTps. 
 
 The population, from the census of isso, is 
 1,060. 
 
 CHURCHES. 
 
 Two organizations, '"The Methodist Episoo- 
 pal" and "Baptist" are sustained. "The Metho- 
 dist" church, began Ijy the formation of a class, 
 in the Spring of 1855. Rev. J. B. Mills was tlie 
 first pastor. Rev. David Brown was the Presiding 
 Elder. The class consisted of eight members, 
 and the leader was Kev. J. W. Dow, who was 
 soon followed by A. II. Benson. Thetirst iireadi- 
 ing in town was at the residences of members, 
 sometimes at Mr. Dow's and sometimes at J. P. 
 Phunmer"s. Mr. Dow lived in a log shanty and 
 Mr. Plummer in a cabin, 12x16 feet. The class 
 gradually increased, and from it tliree other class- 
 es were formed. The church at the corners was 
 built, and dedicated September 26tli, 1866. while 
 Rev. J. D. Kicli was pastor. Tlie churcli is of 
 wood, 23x40 feet. The dedicatory services were 
 conducted by Presiding Elder J. F. Chaffee. A 
 parsonage was built the following year. The 
 present membership is fifty-four. The pastor for 
 1880-1, is Rev. J. G. Teter. He also has charge 
 of the church at Sliingle Creek, preaching Sun- 
 day morning at Brooklyn and in the evening at 
 Shingle Creek. Sabbath school is held every 
 Sunday, with an attendance of about sixty schol- 
 ars. 
 
 The Broiiklyn Centre Baptist church was built 
 in 1868, and dedicated in Septemberof that year. 
 It cost S2,200 and the parsonage, since built, 
 aijout §700. Tlie size of the church is 25x38 
 feet, with a vestibule six feet square. Rev. L. 
 C. Hall is now pastor and the churcli nuinliers 
 twenty-five members. 
 
 Mound Cemetery was established, about 1860, 
 by an association duly organized as the " Mound 
 Cemetery Association." Lots are sold to all 
 applicants, irrespective of denomination. It was 
 named from an Indian mound in the vicinity. 
 
 An examination of the mound revealed bones, 
 pottery ,arrow-heads,tomahawks. etc. The mound 
 is about two rods in diameter at the base, ten feet 
 high, and is circular in form. 
 
 SOCIETIES. 
 
 I. O. of G. T. The lirst attempt to organize a 
 Good Templars Lodge was sixteen or seventeen 
 years ago, but it continued only three or four 
 years. A new organization took place December 
 19th, 1874,with about thirty cliarter memliers, and 
 officers as follow : II. G. Abbott, W. C. T.; Miss 
 Lillie Williams, W. Y. T.; Robert W. Xorris, 
 L. D. Meetings were first held in tlie Grange 
 Hall, and continued to Ije held until about a yeai- 
 ago, since which time meetings have been held 
 over the post-office. The lodge at present, num- 
 bers about ninety members, with officers : Fred 
 A. Hanscoi , A\^ C. T.; Miss Maggie Monser, W. 
 Y. T.; Fred Libby, L. D. 
 
 Patrons of Husbandry. Bohanon Grange No. 
 445. This society has a hall located at Brooklyn 
 Centre. It has received some additions since it 
 was first built, and is at present 22x42 feet, one 
 story. The society was organized February 25, 
 1875, with about twenty charter memliers, which 
 number increased to seventy-five in two or three 
 weeks. The membership at present, is about 
 twenty-five, with N. G. Abbott, W. :M. 
 
 SCHOOLS. 
 
 The first school was held in 1854, and, therefore, 
 before the town organization, which took jilace 
 four years later. It was kept on Long prairie in 
 a board shanty, with a board roof and two half- 
 windows. Ten pupils attended. The teacher was 
 Miss Augusta McLaughlin, w ho came from Port- 
 land, Maine, on account of consumptive tenden- 
 cies, hoping here to recover her health. She died, 
 however, in the spring following. The next 
 teacher was Jliss Amelia Griggs, in 1855. The 
 settlement in the mean time grew, the shanty was 
 discarded and a sulistantial scliool-house built. 
 The shanty was built by contribution and the ef- 
 fort for the new house was begun in the same 
 manner, but the organization of a. school district, 
 the bounds of which are uncertain, enabled the 
 movers to complete it by direct tax. 
 
 During the fall of 1854, a school was held on 
 Getchell Prairie, taught by Miss Mary Huff, 
 afterward Mis. .loel F. Howe, now residing in
 
 288 
 
 HISTORY OF BEXyEPIN COVNTY. 
 
 Minneapolis. This school was taught in a tem- 
 porary building on section 28. In 1859 a school- 
 house was built on the present site, section 27; 
 sold in 1S72 and a more commodious building 
 erected. 
 
 The first school-house in tlie township was 
 built on section IS. near Osseo. in what was 
 known as the Smitli district, in the summer of 
 1855. Miss Svlvia Rowe was teacher. She was 
 succeeded by H. H. Smith, who taught several suc- 
 cessive terms, of tliree months in winter and 
 three in summer. This house was burned in 1864. 
 
 In the summer of 1855, a school was opened in 
 the south-west part of the township, by the wife 
 e)f Rev. Partridge. She was unable to finish it. 
 on account of sickness, and the term was com- 
 pleted by ilary Smith. The building where the 
 school was held, was a shed, covered with straw, 
 with ground floor and stalls for horses. Mr. Par- 
 tridge removed the stalls, and laid a rough board 
 floor, but the straw roof remained. All the early 
 schools were held in biuldings of nearly as rude 
 a character as that above described. The first 
 school in the south-east part of the town, was 
 held in the winter of 1855(5, at the house of ^Ir. 
 J. Reidliead. This was also taught by Miss Mary 
 Huff. Schools were held at various private 
 liouses in the district until 1859, when the first 
 school house was built. The present building is 
 a fine structiu-e, and a model country school- 
 house. It is situated on section 25, and belongs 
 to district 29. Seven school houses are located 
 in the township : Xo. 27, a joint district, located 
 on section 32 ; Xo. 28, entire ilistrict, house 
 built in 1872, on section 28: District Xo. 29, 
 house built in 1872. on section 25 : District Xo. 
 30. Imilt in 1873, on section 11 ; Xo. 31. located 
 on section 9, built in 1858. since remodeled, Xo. 
 32. located on section 17, built in 1878. Xo. 33, 
 a joint district, house on section 6, buUt m 1880, 
 There are, in addition to those named, three joint 
 districts, with school-liouses located in other 
 towns. 
 
 MILLS, .STOKES, HOTELS, ETC. 
 
 In 1859 or 'OO. a saw mill was l]uilt at the Mis- 
 sissippi river, on section 3(i, by a company called 
 •'The Industrial ilill t'ompany." of which J, C. 
 Post was manager, and a town platted, called 
 Industriana. The mill did not prove profitable, 
 and the whole enterprise met a tragic end by tlie 
 
 explosion of tlie mill, about two years after it 
 was built, crippUng the engineer for life and 
 throwing the boiler about eighty rods. Thus 
 ended the "Industrial !Mill Company" and ■'In- 
 dustriana." A similar experience was had on 
 sections 11 and 12. where a mill was built in 
 185(5-7, and one hundred and sixty acres platted 
 in town lots and called " Ilarrisliurg." A hotel, 
 several dwellings and one or two stores were 
 built. The whole was short lived. The mill was 
 torn down, a few years after, one house Vmrned, 
 and the remainder removed, so th;>t no trace of 
 the village now remains. A portion, however, 
 has not been vacated, and is still assessed in blocks 
 and lots. The plow runs over a portion and tlie 
 rest is grown up to brush. 
 
 At Brooklyn Centre, a sniull store and post- 
 oftice is united, under C. R. Howe, who has been 
 postmaster since the office was established, in 
 1873. It is on the Minneapolis and Monticello 
 route and has a tri-weekly mail. Tlie firet post- 
 office was on the river road, established about 
 fifteen years ago, but was discontinued about the 
 time of the establishment of the post-office at the 
 centre. Cyrus Hillman was postmaster and the 
 route was special, with a weekly mail. The 
 town hall, completed, in 1874, is situated nearly 
 in the center of the town ; its size is 2(5x3(5 feet. 
 
 RAILROAD. 
 
 Tlie Minneapolis & X'orth-western branch of 
 the St. Paul, Minneapolis & Manitoba railway, 
 passes through a portion of the town. It enters 
 on the south line of section 32. thence in a direct 
 line to tlie village of Osseo, on section 18, where 
 it leaves the townslup. 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL. 
 
 James Archer, born ui Washington county, 
 Xew York, in 1822. He Uved there fourteen 
 years ; then moved to Lake county. Illiaois, and 
 engaged in farming until 1854 : then he went to 
 Dakota count\. ^linnesota. and remained until 
 1865, when he went to Minneapolis, and started 
 in the livery busmess. which he followed for seven 
 years. He then moved to Xorthfield. and biult 
 the Archer House. In 1878 he returned to Min- 
 neapolis, and in 1880 bought, and moved to his 
 present location. Married to second wife, Sarah 
 D. Monser. in 1873. They have three children. 
 
 Levi Brigham, born in Canada East. January
 
 BROOKL YN—BIOGRAFHICAL. 
 
 289 
 
 18th, 1820. At nine years of age he moved to 
 Burlington, Vermont. Remained thereabout six 
 years ; then went to Worcester, Massachusetts, 
 and lived until ]8o-3, -when he came to Miiniesota, 
 and took a claim in Hennepin county. This he 
 sold, and bought 140 acres two miles nortli of 
 Osseo. jSIarried, in 1843, to Miss ^lary Cadora, 
 of Massachusetts. They are the parents of four 
 children. 
 
 Otis 11. Brown was born in Hampshire county, 
 Massachusetts, in 181 1. He lived there nine years; 
 then moved to Niagara county, New York. At 
 the age of seventeen, he went to Pennsylvania, 
 and engaged on the Pennsylvania Canal for six- 
 teen years, when for a time he ran steaml)oats on 
 the Ohio River. In lSo4 he came to Hennepin 
 county, took a claim near Osseo, sold it, and now 
 owns a small place near the village. He settled 
 here before the government survey, and was 
 chairman of the Board that named Maple Grove. 
 
 Thaddeus C. Capron was born in Bristol coun- 
 ty, Massachusetts, in 1821. He lived there until 
 1850 ; moved to Waterbury, Connecticut. In 
 the spring of 18.54 he came to Hennepin county, 
 and settled in Minneapolis. In 1874, bought the 
 farm on which he now lives. Married, in 1847, to 
 Adelia Prince, of ilaine. They have had seven 
 children, five of whom are now living. 
 
 E. H. Chandler was born in O.xi'ord county, 
 Maine, in 1S39. He moved to .Miiuiesota in 1854, 
 and settled in Minneapolis, where he remained 
 for eight years ; then he removed to Osseo. En- 
 listed in 1861 in Co. D, 1st Minn. He was crippled 
 for a short time at the first battle of Bull Run ; 
 he served three year.s, and was discharged at Fort 
 Snelling. He was married in 1865, to Sarah 
 Curtis. They have five children living. 
 
 S. P. Chipman, a native of Maine, was born in 
 Oxford county, in 1823. He lived there thirty 
 years, his occupation being farming. He moved 
 to La Fayette county. Wisconsin, for three and 
 one-half years ; then to Ripley county, Indiana, 
 where he remained eleven years. In the spring 
 of 1868 he came to Heimepin cmuity : in the fall 
 he was appointed superintendent of the county 
 poor farm, and had charge of it tor aljout 
 four years. He finally settled in Litchfield, 
 Meeker comity, and was engaged in wheat buy- 
 ing for eight years. In 1880 he bought his pres- 
 ent farm, and located in Bruoklvn. He enlisted 
 19 
 
 in Co. A, 83d Ind. Inf. as Captain, in August. 
 1862 : was twice wounded at Vieksburg, May 
 19, 1863. The first wound was from a spent ball, 
 which struck him in the forehead ; was soon 
 after struck in the foot, and taken to the hospital, 
 where he remained until he could be taken home. 
 He was granted a furlough until able to take his 
 place, when he was promoted to Lieutenant Col. 
 of the 83d. He was honorably discharged at 
 Iluntsville, Alaltama, April 26, 1864. In 1854. 
 he was marrieil to Achsa Cutler, of Franklin 
 county, Maine. They have had three children. 
 One is now living. 
 
 Andrew .J. Coulter was born in, Washington 
 county. Maine, in 1830. He spent three years on 
 a coasting ve.ssel, and one year hi California. 
 Came to Jlinnesota in 1855 and took a claim on 
 Rum River which he sold in 1856. He lived 
 three years at Jlinneapolis; took a claim at Fort 
 Snelling and held it until l.S(iii. when he came 
 to Brooklyn and bought 305 acres. He now has 
 146 acres. Married in 1854 to Lois M. John- 
 son. They have six children. 
 
 N. Crooker, born in Limerick, York county, 
 Maine, in 1826. At eleven years of age he moved 
 with his parents to Oxford county, Maine. He 
 spent some time in Massachusetts, and May 10th, 
 1854, came to St. Anthony. He bought a claim 
 in Brooklyn on which he has since lived. He 
 was married in 18.53 to Esther A. Reidhead. 
 Their cliildren are John and Charles. Mr. Crook- 
 er was one of the first settlers in the eastern 
 part of the town. 
 
 Henry Curtis was born in Cook county, Illi- 
 nois, October, 1844. He came with his father in 
 1855 to Brooklyn, where he has since made his 
 home. Enlisted in 1.S62 in Company D., Sixth 
 Minnesota. Served three years and was honor- 
 orably discharged in 1865 at Fort Snelling. Mar- 
 ried in 1869 to Susie E. Thayer. They have two 
 children. 
 
 John M. DuruMin was Imru in New Brunswick, 
 April 11th, l.s2(i. In l,s44 he moved to Bangor, 
 and engaged as contractor and builder for about 
 four years. From there he went to Lewiston, in 
 the same business. In 18.>2, he came to ^Minne- 
 sota, and settled in St. Anthony. In the fall of 
 1852. in company with Mr. (ieorge T. Yail. he 
 started the first sash anil door factory in St. An- 
 thony. Followed this business for two years. In
 
 290 
 
 HISTORY OF EUNNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 the fall of 1854 he moved to his claim, seven 
 miles above Minneapolis: rented it in 1867. and 
 veturned to Minneapolis. He built a residence 
 there, and lived in it for four years ; then went 
 to his farm for a short time, and again returned 
 to Minneapolis, where lie Iniilt another house, 
 and lived there five years. Tlien. in 1876, he 
 went l>acli to the farm to live. He has been Jus- 
 tice of the Peace and Supervisor. In 1853, he 
 was married to Louisa M. Eeidhead. She has 
 borne him five cliildren : Maurice M., George A., 
 Jessie. A. B., and De Witt ('. Jessie and De 
 Witt C. died in infancy. 
 
 W. II. Gaslin was born in Maine, December 
 8th, 1813. He lived there until 1853, when he 
 moved to Ohio, and engaged in railroad contract- 
 ing. In 1854. moved to Kentucky, where he was 
 largely engaged in building railroads. In 1862 
 lie bought horses for the government. He came 
 to Minneapolis in 1866, engaged in business, and 
 continued until 1875; then went in the book 
 trade, tirm of Gaslin. Wales & Co., and remained 
 until January. 1878, when he moved to his pres- 
 ent residence, on the :Mississippi. twelve miles 
 north of Minneapolis. Married, in June. 1835, to 
 Harriet Monk, of :Maine. Tliey have adopted 
 two children ; only one is now living. 
 
 W. II. Goodrich was born in Carroll county, 
 Kew Hampshire. November 21st, 1844. When 
 ten years of age he came to Hennepin county 
 with his father, who took a_ claim in Brooklyn, 
 and was afterward killed by a falling tree. W. 
 II. bought eighty acres in Brooklyn, in 1865. He 
 was married in July, 1864, to Mary A. Gibbs. 
 They have five children : J. Albert. William A., 
 Eugene II., Eva L. and Milo E. 
 
 AV. H. Goodwin was born in New Brunswick, 
 June 4th, 1812. He moved with his parents to 
 Calais. J*Iaine, where he lived until he came to 
 Hennepin county, in 1851, and took a claim in 
 wliat is now the center of the city of Minneapo- 
 lis. He lived there sixteen years. In 1867 he 
 moved to his present location at Brooklyn Centre. 
 Married to Susan II. Fletcher. .Vugust 16th, 1845, 
 They have three children living : .V. J.. Harriet 
 A. and Bertha F. 
 
 John AV. Goodale, born in Liverpool, July 24th, 
 1803. Came to America when seven years of age. 
 Lived in New Brunswick a short time; then 
 went to Maine. Finally settled in Brooklra. in 
 
 1853. and has since made it his home, with the 
 exception of tliree years spent in Crystal Lake. 
 Married in Penobscot county, Maine, in 1831, to 
 Nancy E. Willis. Nine children have been born 
 to them, four of whom are now living. 
 
 M. A. Green, a native of Pennsylvania, was 
 born July 22d, 1818. When twenty-one years 
 of age, he moved to Belleville, Illinois, where lie 
 worked at saddlery and farming. He enlisted in 
 1846, for the Mexican war, in Company G. second 
 Illinois, served one year, and was wounded at 
 the battle of Buena Vista. In 1862 he settled in 
 Brooklyn, Minnesota, where he has since lived. 
 Married in November, 1847, to Margaret Jared- 
 Tliey have eight children living. Alexander N.^ 
 Duff I)., Benjaman E., Mary E., Sarah C, Mar- 
 garet O., William II. and Frederick A. 
 
 C. W. Harrison, born in Essex county. New- 
 York, in 1825. He remained there engaged in 
 farming until 1871, when he came to Minnesota, 
 and settled in Minneapolis, being part of the time 
 in the lumber trade, and finally moved to his 
 farm in Brooklyn. Married, in 1852, Rutli A 
 Stiekney. They have two children. Abbie A. and 
 Clifton D. Abbie was married January 1877, to 
 William Sloan : Clifton married Elva Moscript in 
 1879. 
 
 Asa Howe, born in Washington county. Maine, 
 in 1819. He lived there until 1853, when he came 
 to Hennepin county, and bouglit a claim of one 
 hundred and sixty acres, near what is now known 
 as Brooklyn Centre. :Mr. Howe was married 
 in 1834. 
 
 C. E. Ilow-e was born in Washington county, 
 Jilaine, in 1848 ; moved with his parents to Hen- 
 nepin county, in 1853, where he has since resided ; 
 was appointed postmaster of Brooklyn Centre in 
 1873, and opened a stock of general merchandi.se 
 at that place in 1875; married in 1871, to Clara 
 M. Butts. Two children have been born to them. 
 Sylvanus Jenkins was born in A'ermont, ^larch 
 6th, 1818, and lived there twenty years. He then 
 moved to Washington county, Maine, and lived 
 thirteen years. He was married in 1840, to Eu- 
 nice R. Noyes. Came to Hennepin county in 
 1851. and his family followed in 1852. He took 
 a claim on Jenkins I'rairie ; sold it in 1865, and 
 moved to Dakota county, and bought 1,000 acres ; 
 sold this also, and now lives near Farmington, 
 Minnesota. Thev have seven children.
 
 BROOKL YN— BIOGRAPHICAL. 
 
 291 
 
 N. II. Jenkins was born in Caledonia county, 
 Vermont, in 1820. He lived there twenty-three 
 years ; lived in Washington county, Maine, eight 
 years ; engaged in teaching part of the time. In 
 1851 he came to St. Anthony, Minnesota, and 
 lived about two years, wlien he took a claim on 
 Jenkins Prairie ; he lived there fourteen years, 
 then sold it, and moved to Minneapolis, where he 
 lived two years. In 1869 lie moved to IJrooklyn. 
 He was married in 1850, to Emily R. Hanson. 
 They have five children living. 
 
 Oscar A. Kelly, born in Adrian, Michigan, in 
 
 1853. Moved with his parents to Hennepin 
 county in 1854. His father who took a claim near 
 Osseo, was born in Ireland, moved to Cana- 
 da in 1847 and finally settled in this county in 
 
 1854. Oscar was married to Jessie M. Meddey 
 ill March, 1879. They have one child. 
 
 Jacol) Longfellow, one of the oldest settlers of 
 Brooklyn, was born in Washington county, Maine, 
 October fith, 1811. He resided in his native state 
 engaged in lumbering until 1850, when he came 
 to St. Anthony, and in 1853 moved to what is 
 now Brooklyn, and entered his claim. Mr. Long- 
 fellow states that in early days, at a Fourth of 
 July picnic at St. Anthony, the whole communi- 
 ty was present and the total number was less 
 than one liundred. He was married in 1838, at 
 Machias, Maine, to Jane Getchell. Their cliild- 
 ren are four boys and four girls, all living in the 
 west. Mrs. Longfellow died in the spring of 
 1880. Mr. L. is a hale old man, and in the 
 enjoyment of good healtli. 
 
 S. W. Merrill, born in Carroll county, Xew 
 Hampsliire, August 17tli, 1843. When eighteen 
 years old he came with his parents to Brooklyn, 
 Minnesota. His father died here in 1802, and 
 his mother in June, 1871. He enlisted August, 
 1862, in Company A, Ninth Minnesota Infantry 
 Volunteers. Served among the Indians one year, 
 then went South, being gone one year and seven 
 months. He was taken sick at Rolla, Missouri, 
 and was honorably discharged at Jefferson Bar- 
 racks, March 31st, 1865, when he returned to 
 his farm where he has since resided. Married 
 in 1865 to Emma Pomeroy. They have three 
 children living: Georgie A., Albert J. and Fred. 
 
 Jacob Myers, born in Pennsylvania, 1808, where 
 he lived until he moved to Hennepin county, 
 Minnesota, May, 1866. and settled in Brooklyn. 
 
 Married June 8th, 1836, to Susan M'Cammon; 
 had seven cliildren. two of whom died in service 
 during the rebellion. Peter was taken prisoner 
 at Drury's Bluff, sent to Andersonville and died 
 in prison June 23d. 1864. John was killed at 
 the battle of Hatcher's Hun, February 6th, 1865. 
 Five children are now living. 
 
 .J. W. Norris, born in Lincoln county, Maine, 
 April 20th, 1840. Made that his home until 
 1855, then followed the sea until 1861, and came 
 with the family tlie same \ear to Hennepin 
 county. August, 1864, enlisted in Company F, 
 Eleventh Minnesota Infantry, and served until 
 honorably discharged at Fort Snelling in 1865, 
 when he settled on the farm he now owns. Mar- 
 ried in November, 1869, to Seleda Longfellow. 
 They liave four cliildren: James A., Alice R., 
 Jacob L. and JSIary F. 
 
 Robert W. Norris, born in Ijincohi county, 
 Maine, May 23, 1848. He lived there until seven 
 years of age. His father, Captain Joseph Norris, 
 being a sea captain, he went on the ocean with 
 him for six years. The family came to Henne- 
 pin county in 1861. Robert, married Lizzie Long- 
 fellow. February 8th, 1855. They have three 
 children, William F., Daniel W. and Robert W. 
 
 George W. Pomeroj-, born in Penobscot coun- 
 ty, Maine, in 1838. He lived there eighteen 
 years, and moved with his parents to Anoka 
 county, Minnesota, stayed there four years, and 
 located in Brooklyn in 1862. He was married 
 the same year to ^lary !M. Talcot. They have 
 one child. Mr. Pomeroy enlisted in Company A. 
 Ninth Minnesota Infantry, in 1862 ; was taken 
 prisoner at Guntovi^n, Mississippi, June 11th, 
 1864, and was confined at Andersonville three 
 montlis, Savannah and CampLawtoii three months 
 and at Florence three months; was sent to Parole 
 Camp, Saint Louis, received a furlough for thirty 
 days, and was honorably discharged in 1865 ; 
 since which time he has made Brooklyn his home. 
 
 Seth P. Prilible, born in Kennebec county, 
 Maine, June 13, 1832. He lived there fifteen 
 years, then in Essex county a few years, and 
 then returned to his parents' home for two years. 
 In 185H lie located in Brooklyn, Minnesota. In 
 1864 he enlisted in Company F, Eleventh Minne- 
 sota Infantry, and served until lionorably dis- 
 charged at Fort Snelling. in 1865. Married Mary
 
 292 
 
 HISTOBY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 A. Smith, in l.SOl. They have four pliildiPii. 
 Charles A., Mary E.. Evaline E. and Eilith E. 
 
 George AV. Savage, bcini in Lenawee county, 
 Micliigaii. in ls4t. He Hved there until ISfil. 
 when he enlisted in ('(iniiianv F.. Eleventh ;Mich- 
 igan Infantry, and served three years. He lost 
 two fnigers at the battle of ^Mission Bidge. and 
 was wounded in the left thigh by a mimiie l)all 
 at Atlanta. He was honorably discharged ■ at 
 Chattanooga, Tennessee, November 24th. 1864. 
 In the year ISlio he came to ilinnesota, and 
 located near Osseo. lie has married twice, and 
 has had four children. Ills present wife was 
 Sarah AVhitney, whom he married in ISTfi. 
 
 Christian Schreiber. born in Prussia. ^larch 17, 
 1834. Came to America in 18oi;, and settled in 
 Cook county, 111., and engaged in the lime trade. 
 In IS.iS he located in ^Meeker coinity, ilinnesota. 
 took a claim, but abandoned it in l.siid, and came 
 to Brooklyn, where he now has 24o acres. He 
 has been Town Supervisor and school officer. 
 Married in 18fi2 to Dora Lent. They have live 
 children living: .Matilda. Minnie. Mary. Emma 
 and Otto C. 
 
 George Setzler. a native of (iermany. was born 
 in 1832. He came to America in 1847, and settled 
 in Huron county, Ohio, and worked there eleven 
 years at the cooper's ti'ade. In 1859 he came to 
 Minnesota and settled in !Maple Grove, where he 
 lived ten years ; then sold, and located in IJrook- 
 IjTi near Osseo, where he now lives. Married in 
 ISOr,, Mary Cahm. They have eight children. 
 
 Robert .1. Smart, born in Penobscot county. 
 Maine, in 1840. Enlisted August 16, 1861, in 
 company B, Eighth ilaine. He was wounded by 
 a rainnie ball, in the right side. May 2(», 1864. 
 which kept him in the hospital until October, 
 when he joined his company at Harrison, "\'ir- 
 ginia. Was honorably discharged June 27, 1865. 
 Came to jMinnesota in 1867, and located .in Min- 
 neapolis, for three years, then bought a farm in 
 Brooklyn where he has since resided. :Married 
 in 1867, to Ilattie Carr. 
 
 A. J. Smitli. born in Lenawee county. Michi- 
 gan, in 1844. He came to Hennepin county in 
 1854. and now lives on the claim taken l)y his 
 father. He was clerk in the Paymaster's Depart- 
 ment in the summer of 1864 ; was on the boat 
 wlien it was attacked by Guerrillas, and D. C. 
 Smith was killed at Fort Randolph. He was 
 
 elected to represent liis district in the House in 
 1876, and re-elected in 1S78. He married in 1864 ; 
 in 1867, Mrs. Smith died, leaving two children. 
 In 1860 he married Georgia I. Russel. They 
 have had live children, four are now living, 
 
 George II. Smith was born in Albany, New 
 York, in 1843, and moved with his parents to 
 Lenawee county, Michigan, where he lived until 
 eleven years of age ; he then came to Hennepin 
 county, his father taking a claim in Brooklyn. 
 He enlisted in 1861, in Co. D, 1st Minn., and 
 served until honorably discharged at Falmouth, 
 A'irginia, in 1S63, Married the .same year, to 
 Frances I. Tliomas. who died in 1876. They 
 have three children living. 
 
 Harris X. Smith was born in Piscataquis coun- 
 ty, Maine, in 1830. Here he lived for four veal's, 
 then moved with hisjiarentsto Penobscot county, 
 and remained there until he went to St. Anthony, 
 in 1850. In 1855 he came to Brooklyn, and took 
 a claim, upon which he has since resided, ilar- 
 ried in 1857, to Mary J. Flanders. Tliey have 
 two children living. 
 
 Edward Spafford was born in Orleans county, 
 \'ermont, in 1852, and lived there twentv-one 
 years. He was educated at the Normal School 
 of Randolph. In 1874 he moved to Rock Island, 
 Illinois, where he taught school two years. Then 
 came to Brooklyn. Minnesota, in 1876. and taught 
 school three years. In 1879 was married to Belle 
 Ryan, of this town. 
 
 "William Stevens was born in Xova Scotia, in 
 1820. and lived there until twenty years of age; 
 then resided in Aroostook county. Maine, four 
 years, engaged in lumbering. Came to Minne- 
 sota in 1850, and went into lumbering on Rum 
 River, At the expiration of one year he entered 
 a store in St, Anthony, where he remained for 
 three years. In 1854 he began trading at ^lille 
 Lacs Post, where he remained for eleven years, 
 and in 1865 settled on his present location in 
 Brooklyn. Married, ilay 20lh, 1865, to Ellen 
 Smith. They have had five children. Those 
 now living are: AVilliam W.. Robert, Elthea, 
 Clifton and Laura G. 
 
 A. A. Thayer was born in Lenawee county. 
 Michigan, December 28th, 1848. He lived there 
 initil he came to Minnesota with his parents, in 
 1854. Enlisted in Company C, 7th Minnesota. 
 February 11th. 1865. and served until the close
 
 BROOKL YN— BIOGRAPHICAL. 
 
 293 
 
 of the war. Was honorably discharged at Foi't 
 Snelhng, August 16th, I860. Married his second 
 wdfe, Carrie Hill, in 1877. They have one child, 
 Elsie May. Mr. Thayer's first wife bore him two 
 children : AVilliani and David L. 
 
 J. J. Tschudy, a native of Switzerland, \\as 
 born in 1832. Came to America in 1S61, and lo- 
 cated in Peoria county. Illinois. Remained there 
 only four months ; then came to Minnesota, and 
 settled in ]Maple Grove. In 1869 he removed to 
 Brooklyn. lie is now treasurer of school district 
 No. 33. Married Mary Hanser for his sei'ond 
 wife. He has three children : Jacob, John and 
 Mary ; the two former by his lirst marriage. 
 
 W. W. Wales Jr., was born in North Carolina, 
 in 1828. He moved with his parents to Wayne 
 county, Indiana, and when nine years of age, re- 
 moved to Hancock county, thence to Henry 
 county, where they remained seven years ; then 
 returned to Hancock county and remained five 
 years. In 1853 he came to Hennepin county, and 
 took a claim in Brooklyn township and has since 
 resided here. In 1861 he was married to Miss 
 Sarah E. Gant. Tliey Iiave two children. Flora 
 Helen and Laura Elviiia. 
 
 C. H.Ward was born in Merrimae county, 'Sew 
 Hampshire, in 1833. He moved to Hennepin 
 county in 1854, and took a claim in Brooklyn; he 
 now has two hundred acres. In 1875, he was 
 elected county Commissioner, took his seat in 
 1876, and has held Hie office for five years; was 
 also Assessor for three years. Married in 1855. to 
 Mrs. M. A. Ward. They have two children. 
 
 Thomas Warwick, a native of Edinburgh, Scot- 
 land, was born December 26th, 1826. Moved 
 with liis parents to Nova Scotia, where he lived 
 until seventeen years of age; was lumbering in 
 New Brunswick two years, and in l^enobseot three 
 years. Went to St. Anthony. ^linnesota.in 1850. 
 coming to St. Paul l>y steamer from DmIhkiuc. 
 Iowa. On arriving at St. Paid, chartered a lum- 
 ber wagon to bring himself and faniil>' to St. An- 
 thony. He then went to exploring pine lands, 
 and engaged in the lumber trade for seven years : 
 was one season on Rum river, and two on the St. 
 CroLx and Cliippewa; he now lives on a claim 
 eight miles nortli of Minneapolis. Married Mary 
 E. Smith. 
 
 George Wethern was born in Somerset ciuiuty, 
 Maine, in 1841, and Uved there seventeen years ; 
 
 came to Minnesota in 1858, and enlisted August 
 14, 1862, in Company A, Ninth Minnesota Infant- 
 ry ; served until October, 1863, under General 
 Sililey against the Indians, then went south ; 
 came liack and was honorably discharged in St. 
 Paul, July 1S65. He went to Pierce coimty, 
 Wisconsin, for one year, then returned to Hen- 
 nepin county. In March, 1867, he married 
 Amanda Wilson, and located in Pierce county, 
 Wisconsin, in 1868 ; but returned to Minnesota 
 in 1875 and settled in Brooklyn, where he has 
 since resided. They have had six chiklren, four 
 are now living. 
 
 Dr. A. D. ^^'iUiams was Itorii in Bennington 
 county, "S^ermont, in 1826. He moved with his 
 mother to Eaton county, Michigan, and lived 
 there twelve years. Received his collegiate and 
 theological education at Rochester University. 
 and Theological seminary at Rochester, New 
 York, graduating from the University in 1855, and 
 the Seminary in 1857. He then took charge of 
 Smyrna, Michigan, Baptist church, and was next 
 Pastor of Almont Baptist church for six years. 
 In 18ii() he came to Faribaidt, Minnesota, engag- 
 ing in home missionary work witli different 
 chuches until 1876 ; then came to Brooklyn and 
 was pastor of the Baptist church here and in 
 Maple (irove tor two years. He studied medi- 
 cine and liegan to practice IIoma>opathy at 
 Almont, Michigan. He has practiced medicine at 
 lirooklyn Centre for the past seven years. Dr. 
 Williams was married in 1857. to Helen M. Gas- 
 kin, of New York. They have two children living. 
 
 John Williams was born in Brooklyn, New- 
 York, in 1851. and lived there until 1862. He 
 came to Ilemiepin county in 1868. and settled in 
 Brooklyn, wliere he has since resided. In 1875 
 he married Ida M. Thomas of tliis county ; they 
 have three children. 
 
 Clii'istian AVolter, a native of Germany, was 
 born Septeml>er 22, 1836. He came to America, 
 in 1863, and enlisted the same year in company 
 A, Hatches' Independent Batallion ^linnesota 
 Volunteers, and served against the Indians near- 
 ly three years ; was honorably discharged at 
 Fort Snelling. In 1866 he came to Osseo, where 
 he now resides ; has 200 acres of land. ]\Iarried 
 in 1867 to Francis Zimmerman ; they have five 
 children: Leopold. Rosa. Dora. William and 
 Lillie.
 
 294 
 
 HISTOBY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 OSSEO. 
 
 CHAPTER XLA'I 
 
 GENERAL DESCIUPTION— EARLY SETTLEMENT- 
 CHURCHES — SOCIETIES —SCHOOLS— HOTELS— 
 BUSINESS ENTERPRISES— BIOGRAPHICAL. 
 
 Osseo is situated in the iioitli-easteiii part of 
 the county, its territory being taken from the 
 townships of Brooklyn and Maple Grove. It oc- 
 cupies a part of the level prairie known as " Bot- 
 tineau I'rarie." so called from Pierre Bottineau, 
 who, in July, 1852, made his claim here. With 
 him came Joseph Potvin, Peter Kaiche and Peter 
 (iarvais. all making claims near Bottineau. 
 
 The village of Osseo was platted in 1856, by 
 AVarren Sampson and Isaac Labosiniere. Soon 
 after, another village was laid out by A. B. 
 Chaffee, adjoining Osseo on the south-east, called 
 •' City of Attraction." This is now included in 
 the limits of Osseo. 
 
 EARLY SETTLEMENT. 
 
 Osseo was settled in 1S54. by 'Warren Sampson, 
 Isaac Labosiniere.Clark Ellsworth, Seneca Brown, 
 James McRay and D. B. Thayer. Sampson built, 
 and opened a store, and was post master of the 
 office, tiien called Palestine. During 18.55-6, the 
 surrounding country was occupied by settlers, 
 among whom were A. B. Chaffee, D. C. Smith 
 and others. After the village was laid out, in 
 1856, the settlement was rapid. A wood market 
 was established by Sampson in 1855, which has 
 been kept up since. The merchants buy green 
 wood, and sell to parties in the city of Minne- 
 apolis, after holding it one season. There are now 
 a number engaged in the wood business, handling 
 an aggregate of one hundred cords per day during 
 the wood season. The lirst blacksmith shop was 
 established in 1855, by Clark Ellsworth ; Eli Hav- 
 iland became his partner two years later. The 
 latter still conducts the business. Rudolph hig- 
 gler kept the first hotel in the village. Previous 
 
 to this, Chaffee and McBay -'kept travelers."' 
 McBay established the second store in the place. 
 
 ST. LOUIS CATHOLIC CHURCH. 
 
 This society was organized in 1853, in charge 
 of Father Hirth, who remained seven or eight 
 years. He was succeeded by Father Genis, who 
 officiated here and at Dayton for about Ave years. 
 Father Nicholas next had charge, remaining 
 three years. He was followed by Father Maurer 
 who had charge four years, then Father Lechiier 
 officiated one year. Father ilaesfranx, one and 
 one-half years. He was succeeded by Father 
 Ladriere, the present incumbent. In 1865, the 
 society built a frame church, 35x54 feet, situated 
 in the northern part of the village on the main 
 street. The piiesfs residence, adjoining the 
 church, was built in 1869. In 1880, additions 
 were made to the church, giving a sanctuary 
 16x20 feet, and in the rear of that, a sacristy 
 16x28. The society now numbers one hundred 
 families. They have a cemetery of one acre lo- 
 cated in the township of Brooklyn and adjoining 
 Osseo. 
 
 LUTHERAN CHCRCII. 
 
 This society was organized in 1S65, the 
 first minister being the Rev. Mr. Jahn, 
 who remained two years. He \\as follo\\ed 
 by Rev. Mr. Rehkopf, who remained in 
 charge until his dfath, which occurred in 1871. 
 A young man from Germany next took the pas- 
 torate, but remained only one year. Since then 
 the society has been without a regular pastor, 
 but has preaching every third Sunday, the pul- 
 pit being supplied from Minneapolis. The soci- 
 ety numbers about twelve families. They have 
 a cemetery of one acre in the southern part of 
 the village. 
 
 SOCIETIES. 
 
 In early days a small society of spiritualists 
 existed. They built a hall, and for a time held 
 regular meetings. They were superceded by the
 
 OSSJEO— SCHOOLS—HOTELS 
 
 295 
 
 " Osseo. Society of Liberalists," who now own the 
 hall known as Liberty Hall. 
 
 Osseo Liedeikranz, a musical and religious so- 
 ciety, was organized in 1867, and continued until 
 1879, when they were succeeded by the Osseo 
 Turnverein Society. The ' tirst society built a 
 hall, which is now used by their successors. They 
 number about twelve members, and meet one 
 evening in each week ; also keep up a Sunday- 
 school for their children. 
 
 Osseo Dramatic Club. Tliis society has been 
 in existence about three years. They have a good 
 library in connection, purchased with proceeds of 
 dramatic entertainments. The Good Templars 
 also contributed to tlie piachase of books. The 
 officers of the club are : President, Eugene Smith ; 
 Treasurer, Miss Susie E. Curtis ; Secretary, Delia 
 M. Johnson. 
 
 Good Templars. An organization was formed 
 about 1867, under the title, Rose of Sharon 
 Lodge, and at one time numbered 15<( members. 
 During the first winter the attendance averaged 
 one hmidred. Tliis lodge continued four or five 
 ■years, and was re-organized, after a lapse of 
 eighteen months, as the Osseo Union Lodge. 
 This society continued until isso, when they dis- 
 banded. 
 
 Society of Free Thinkers was organized about 
 1866, and numbers about a dozen members. They 
 meet tour times a year. 
 
 Winslow Lodge No. 125, A. F. and A. M., 
 was organized in 187.3, with Stiles Gray, W. M.; 
 G. W. Savage, S. W. and Clark Ellsworth, J. W. 
 The lodge has a membership of forty-three, and 
 holds meetings in Liberty Hall, over Eli llavi- 
 land's blacksmith shop. The charter was granted 
 by the Grand Lodge of the state, January loth. 
 1877. The present officers are : A. D. Fogerson, 
 W. M.; John Williams and William Krueger, 
 Wardens, and 11. C. Black, Secretary. The so- 
 ciety is in a sound financial condition, having a 
 surplus of over S4U0 in the treasury. 
 
 SCHOOLS. 
 
 The first school was held in the summer of 
 18-56, in the hall erected by the Society of Spirit- 
 ualists, and taught by Miss Sylvia Kowe. About 
 two years later, the Spiritualists disbanded, and 
 sold the hall to the school district, whicli then 
 embraced a large section each side of the village. 
 
 The hall was used for school purposes about six 
 years, moved twice, then destroyed by Are. Af- 
 ter this, another hall, Sampson's, was used for six 
 years, and then the present building was erected. 
 It is thirty feet square, with posts eighteen feet 
 high. A graded school has been maintained for 
 the past two years, though two teachers had been 
 employed for twelve years previous. The school 
 numbers about one hundred pupils. 
 
 HOTELS. 
 
 In 1867, Rudolph Jv'iggler. who had previously 
 kept a small house for boarders and transient 
 guests, erected a hotel at a cost of nearly $4,000. 
 It was not a good investment, as there was not 
 business enough to sustain it. This house was 
 burned in 1870. 
 
 The International Hotel was built by Fritz 
 Schmidt in 1874. It is two-stories in height and 
 has rooms for thirty guests. It has been con- 
 ducted by Mr. Schmidt since its opening. 
 
 The Temperance House is kept by Z. Labrasch. 
 
 BUSINESS ENTEUPKISES. 
 
 Merchants. John Hechtman keeps a large stock 
 of General Merchandise, and deals largely in wood. 
 Business established in 1865. Emil Lefebvre, 
 Drugs and General Merchandise, established in 
 1873. Mr. Lefebvre is also postmaster. Z. La- 
 Ijrasch, Groceries and Notions. Wagon Maker's, 
 Black and Brown, Nelson llougier. Black-smiths, 
 O. Leferrier, Eli Haviland, Leferrier and Charest. 
 Boots and Shoes, William Krueger. Joseph 
 AVoodly. Carpenters, William Uodeck, Thomas 
 Flitsch. Harness Maker, Samuel Pavitt. Phy- 
 sician, N. J. Pinault. Dress Makers, Maggie 
 Rougier, Frances Tliayer. 
 
 Osseo remained under tlie township govern- 
 ments of Brooklyn and Maple Grove, rmtil the 
 spring of 187-3, when it was incorporated by act 
 of Legislature. A President, three Councilmen, 
 a Recorder and a Treasurer, constitute its officers. 
 
 The act of incorporation specified the following 
 boundaries : beginning at the north-west corner 
 of section 18, township 119, range 21, and run- 
 ning east on north line of said section 120 rods, 
 thence south 200 rods, thence west 4o rods, thence 
 south 80 rods, thence west 120 rods, thence'north 
 280 rods, thence east to the place of beginning. 
 The iiilial)itants within said limits to constitute a 
 body corporate under the name of " The Com-
 
 20(1 
 
 HISTOEY OF HENNEPiy COVSTY. 
 
 mon Council of Osseo." and to constitute one 
 election district for the purpose of general and 
 special elections under the general election laws 
 of the State. The election of village officers was 
 set for the third Tuesday in March each year. The 
 first election was held at the office of John Ileeht- 
 man. 
 
 March 8d, ISTO. the following otticers were 
 elected : President. John Ilechtman ; Coiuicil, 
 D. II. Shepherd. AVilliam Krueger. Louis Berth- 
 aunie ; Treasurer, E. Lefebvre : Recorder, AVil- 
 liani Ewing; Marehall. H. Blaine : Justice. Louis 
 Berthaume : Assessor. A. G. Ray. The election 
 in 1S80 resulted as follows : President. J. Sau- 
 cier: Council. J. T. Pribble. Chris. Shappach, 
 Isaac Lobosiniere ; Treasurer. John Ilechtman : 
 Recorder. William Krueger; Assessor. "\V. S. 
 Johnson : Justice. II. C. Blake : Marshall. E. H. 
 Chandler. E. 11. Ilaviland was appointed Marshall 
 November 6th, 1S80. to fill vacancy caused by 
 removal from town, of Chandler. There are 14.5 
 acres of land within the corporate limits, not 
 platted. The assessed valuation of all lands 
 and village lots with structures thereon for 1880, 
 was $23,563. Assessed valuation of personal 
 property, S7.S13. Amount of taxes. S323. Pop- 
 ulation. 20ti. 
 
 BIOGRAPUICAL. 
 
 II. C. Black, born in Xew Hanover county. 
 Xorth Carolina, in 1845. He learned the trade 
 of wagon making. In 1S75 he came to Hen- 
 nepin county, settled in Osseo, and estab- 
 lished a wagon shop, taking E. II. Chandler as 
 partner: this partnership was dissolved in 1879, 
 and Mr. Black prosecuted the business alone until 
 1880, when he took two partners. In 1868 he 
 was married to Julia Hancock. They liave live 
 children now living. 
 
 Seneca Brown. l)oru in Kiitlaud county. Ver- 
 mont, in 1826. Moved to Niagara county, and 
 lived eighteen, years, then to Lenawee, Michi- 
 gan, where he learned the wagon and carpenter's 
 trade. He came to Hennepin county, and set- 
 tled in Maple Grove. Established his wagon 
 sliop in Osseo. in 1876. In iSo-l he married Eliz- 
 abeth "Willetts. They have four living children. 
 
 Eli Haviland was born in Lenawee county, 
 Michigan in 1836. He came to Hennepin county 
 in 1857, settled near Osseo and started black- 
 smithing bere in 1859. He enlisted in 1862 in 
 
 Company F, Minnesota Mounted Rangers; served 
 nine months and was honorably discharged at 
 Fort Snelling. He sold his interest in the shop 
 and began farming, followed it a short time, and 
 then was engaged in mercantile business for one 
 year in Osseo; he afterward went back to his old 
 trade in ChampUn for three years, and finally 
 located at Osseo in 1879. He was married in 
 1855 to Lavina Lee. They luive two children 
 living. 
 
 Chancy Haviland was born in Lenawee county, 
 Michigan in ls4o. When the war broke out he 
 enlisted in Company A. Fourth Michigan Cavalry. 
 Was under Grant and Sherman, and was with the 
 latter in his march to the sea. He was honora- 
 bly discharged at Nashville. Tennessee, in 1864, 
 and re-enlist€d in the Third Michigan Light Ar- 
 tillery, Battery C, and served till the close of the 
 war. He was in Washington at the Grand Re- 
 view, and was honorably discharged at Detroit. 
 Michigan. He went to Indianapolis, Indiana, 
 learned the profession of railroad engineer and fol- 
 lowed it for eight years. Came to Minnesota 
 and settled in Cliamplin, where he worked as en- 
 gineer; also in Anoka in the same business, and 
 finally settled in Osseo. In 1861 he married 
 Martha Powers. They have one child living: 
 Etta. 
 
 John Ilechtman. a native of Germany, was 
 born in 1828. and came to America in 1832. He 
 settled in Erie. Pennsylvania, and lived there 
 until 1849. when be went to California for two 
 years ; returned to Erie, and in 1857 came to 
 Minneapolis. When the war broke out he was 
 in Pemisylvania looking after his oil interests ; 
 he enlisted with tlie three months" men. after- 
 wards with the three yeare men in the Eighty- 
 third Pennsylvania regiment ; \\"as wounded at 
 the battle of the Wilderness in 1864. and 
 honorably discharged at Ilarrisburgh. September 
 1864. He established the present general store 
 at Osseo in 1865. ilarried his second Avife. 
 Augusta Schmidt in 1869. by whom he has had 
 five children. Two sons were born to him by his 
 fli-st wife : both are now in Colorado. 
 
 Rev. A. Ladriere was born at Levis, near Que- 
 bec, in 1826. and was educated at Quebec Semi- 
 nary. He was assistant at St. Thomas Parish 
 one year, also at Levis one year, then three years 
 at St. Roch. and was pastor at St. Fabian fifteen
 
 088EO—BIOGBAPHICAL. 
 
 297 
 
 years ; then at Isle Yerte five years ; He came to 
 Osseo in 1876, and took charge of the St. Louis 
 church at tliis place. 
 
 E. Lefebvre, born in tlie province of Quebec, 
 in 1845, and lived tliere twelve years ; then 
 moved to Clinton county, New York, and learned 
 the slioe trade, which business engaged most of 
 his time until he came to Osseo, in I860. In 1873, 
 he established his present stock of general mer- 
 chandise, having clerked here for eight years, 
 previous to that time. lie was married in 1869 
 to Celina Normandin. They have three children. 
 
 S. N. Pavitt was born in London, England, in 
 1830, and came with his parents to America in 
 1832. He went to the province of Quebec, and 
 remained there nntil 1846, when he moved to 
 New York city, and learned tlie harness trade. 
 He came to Minnesota in 1855; located in the 
 harness trade at Minneapolis. In 1862 he enlist- 
 ed in Co. B, 6th Minn, ^'ols., and served nearly 
 three years, lieing Iionorably discharged at Fort 
 Snellingin 1865. October. 1867, lie came to Osseo, 
 and started his harness sliop. lie lias since re- 
 sided here. Married in 1857. to Adeline Buck. 
 They liave three cliildren now living. 
 
 N. J. Pinault, M. D., was born in tlie province 
 of Quebec, in 1848, where lie lived until 1877. 
 Received his collegiate education at Himouski 
 and St. Anne ; graduated an M. D. at the Uni- 
 versity Laval, Cjuebec, receiving the first prizes 
 from the faculty, jirize Seivell and prize Morrin, 
 of 1874. His diploma from the University Laval 
 is also from the Iloyal College of Surgeons, of 
 London. After his studies, he made an extensive 
 tour in Europe, and while there liad great opiwr- 
 tunities to perfect liis education. lie first prac- 
 ticed medicine at Rimouski. In 1^77 lie came to 
 Osseo, and has since followed his profession liere. 
 
 J. T. Fribble, a native of Maine, was born in 
 1830 ; moved to Hennepin county, in 1855, and set- 
 tled in Brooklyn. He was educated at Bowdoin 
 College. Brunswick, Maine. In 1861 he was 
 elected County Superintendent of Schools, and 
 held the offlce six years. He has been principal 
 of Osseo graded school for eight years. In 1854 
 he married Elmira E. Xorris, of Maine. Five 
 children have been born to them. 
 
 Nelson Rougier was born in Munueal. in islo. 
 At the age of three years he removed with his 
 parents to Kankakee, Illinois ; thence to Belle 
 
 Prairie, Minnesota, in 1856. Ten years later he 
 came to Osseo, and started a wagon shop. He 
 was married, in 1833, to Rosa Begnoche, of Can- 
 ada. They have five children living. 
 
 Fritz Schmidt was boni in Germany, in 1851. 
 Came to America in 1867, and settled at Osseo, 
 Hennepin county, ^linnesota. He built the In- 
 ternational Hotel, in 1874. It is two stories high, 
 with a capacity for thirty guests. He owns and 
 conducts it. He married, in 1875, Sophia Oswald. 
 
 De Witt Clinton Smith (deceased), born in Or- 
 leans county, New York, in 1825. He hved there 
 about twenty years ; then went to Adrian, Mich- 
 igan. He was married, at Addison, ^Michigan, to 
 Melissa R. Shepard, in 1874. In 1857 he came 
 to Hennepin county, and bouglit a farm near 
 Osseo. He enlisted, in 1861, in Company D, 
 1st. Minnesota, and was appoiijed second 
 Lieutenant. After the first Bull Run battle he 
 was promoted Captain of the company. He was 
 severely wounded at the liatlle of Antietam. 
 ^Irs. Smith, after many lieroic efforts, f(_mnd him 
 at Hagerstown, Maryland, and succeeded in bring- 
 ing liim to Ilarrisburg. Pennsylvania. After 
 resting a few weeks they came home, and he was 
 honorably discharged shortly after. He was ap- 
 pointed State Librarian Ijy Governor ililler. and 
 while Librarian was appointed Major of the Pay 
 Department. He was finally killed at Fort Ran- 
 dolph, the boat being decoyed into that point by 
 a party of guerillas, who shot and killed him. One 
 child was liorii. Eugene A., living near ]3enson. 
 
 David B. Thayer (deceased 1 was born in Seneca 
 county, New York, in 1822. In 1847 he moved 
 to Lenawee county, Michigan, and married Cath- 
 erine Warren. He came to Ileiniepiu county in 
 1854, and settled near Osseo. on a claim of 160 
 acres, which is still owned by Mrs. Thayer. Mr. 
 Thayer died at Osseo, August 31, 1873. Four 
 cliildren were l)orn to them. A. A. Tha\er. 
 tlieir son. enlisted in 1863, in 7th Minn., as drum- 
 mer boy, when 16 years old; being taken sick at 
 Montgomery. Alabama, he returned home, and 
 was honorably discharged. 
 
 E. Wellman was born in Dayton, Ileiiiiepin 
 county, Minnesota, in 1855. lie learned the 
 lilacksmith trade with Eli IlaN'ilaiid at Osseo. 
 On November 3d, 1878, be was married to Delora 
 Ilaviland, who was born in Maple (irove. Min- 
 nesota. Tliev have one child: Lorissa.
 
 298 
 
 HISTOBY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 CHA.NEPLIN. 
 
 CHAPTER XLVII. 
 
 GENKRALDESCKIFTION— SETTLEMENT— INDIAN 
 MOUNDS— EARLY INCIDENTS— ORGANIZATION 
 — SCHOOLS— CHURCnES— SOCIETIES — MILL — 
 BIOGRAPHICAL. 
 
 This township is located in the iioitli-eastern 
 part of tlie couiitv, on the Mississippi river, whieli 
 forms its nortliern and eastern boundary. Its 
 surface is varied. Along the ri\er are heavily- 
 timbered bottom-lands, back of wliich are high 
 bluffs. The western portion of the town is cov- 
 ered with a growth of light timber. The central 
 and southern portions are level praii-ies. The soil 
 is in all parts good and productive. This town- 
 ship. \ndike many others in the county, has no 
 large lakes. There are two small bodies of water 
 known as Leman"s Lake and Bond Lake, the for- 
 mer on section 25 and the latter on section 36. 
 IIayden"s Lake, which is located mainly in the 
 town of Dayton, projects a short distance iiito 
 Champlin on the west. Elm Creek flows from 
 nayden"s Lake across the northern part of the 
 town, and empties into the Mississipiti. just below 
 the village. This creek furnishes an excellent 
 water-power, whicli is utilized. 
 
 FIRST SETTLEMENT. 
 
 The history of Champlin dates from 1852, when 
 Cliarles Miles located near the junction of Elm 
 Creek and the river, and opened a trading post 
 for Indians. lie was the first white settler in 
 the township. The following spring. Joseph and 
 Augustus Holt arrived, and made claims where 
 the village is now located. During the summer 
 of 1853, Augustus Holt erected a frame house, 
 the first in the village. In the summer of 1853, 
 John Pike, Benjamin E. Messer, and a Mr. Ste- 
 vens, built houses near the river aliove the village. 
 In June of that year, Rev. Lewis Atkinson loca- 
 ted on section 33. He came with teams from 
 
 Illinois. The same year, R. H. Miller, F. Thorn- 
 dyke and John Shumway, made claims west of 
 the village ; Colby Emery settled on section 30. 
 William Milhollin made a claim on section 33. 
 March 2d. 1854. He came with his family from 
 Ohio to St. Anthony, in July, 1853, and after re- 
 maining in St. Anthony until the following 
 March, located in Champlin. In 1854. iiuite a 
 number settled in the town, among them Rev. W. 
 Hay den and Samuel Colburn, both of whom still 
 reside on their original claims. In 1855, Joseph 
 McCann built just above Miles, and during the 
 succeeding two years, several others located near. 
 From this time the settlement went on rapidly. 
 Prominent among the early settlers here, was 
 John G. Howell, who came in 1854. IIis_ claim 
 was in Brooklyn, but his home in Champlin. He 
 was a young man, a general favorite, and a leader 
 in social gatherings and church 'meetings. He 
 left in 1856. and after considerable travel, located 
 in California, where lie has held several promi- 
 nent positions. 
 
 The "Winnebago Indians roamed over Cliamp- 
 lin. at the time of its first settlement. Their 
 village was located near Dayton. They were 
 peaceable, and did not molest the settlers, except 
 to beg. On one occasion, during a •• big dnuik."" 
 they stole a canoe from William Milhollin. but it 
 was promptly' returned by the women. The first 
 settlers in Champlin had to buy their supplies in 
 St. Anthony, and in order to reach that place, 
 would often fasten two or three Jogs together, 
 forming a raft, on which they would float down 
 the river. This did very well, going down, 
 but the return trip was more difficult, as it had 
 to be made on foot, following Indian trails. This 
 township was surveyed in 1855. 
 
 INDIAN MOUND AND GRAVE. 
 
 >'ear the mouth of Elm Creek was at one time 
 a mound, called the " Indian Mound." on which
 
 CHAMPLIN-INCIDENTS—OBQANIZATION. 
 
 299 
 
 was planted a red staff, from which lloated a red 
 flag of small size. The mound lias nearly disap- 
 peared, owing to excavations made in search of 
 relics. In the village near the hotel was a grave, 
 surrounded by a rude fence of logs. This was 
 supposed to be tlie grave of a chief, as it was or- 
 namented by a red staff, on the top of which was 
 a red flag, or rag. 
 
 EARLY INCIDENTS. 
 
 A ferry across the Mississippi, v\as put in op- 
 eration by Joseph Holt, in 1855. MeCann's lo- 
 cating near the mouth of Elm Creek, led to a 
 dispute between him and Miles, in regard to the 
 ownership of the water-power. 
 
 The contest was carried to the Land Oftice at 
 Washington, for final decision, and resulted in 
 Miles holding the claim. Both men were nearly 
 ruined by the contest, and soon after, ^McCann 
 moved to Anoka, where he still resides, and 
 Miles to Minneapolis, where he died in 1878. 
 The first birth in the townsliip was in 1854, a 
 child of Mr. and JMrs. Stevens; the second birth 
 was a daughter to J. B. Holt and wife, November, 
 1854. 
 
 The first death was that of a young man— a 
 new-comer named Charles Teag, in 1856. lie 
 was buried in a field on Mr. Miller's land. The 
 first marriage was in 1857, the contracting parties 
 being Cyrus Rollin and Miss Clark. 
 
 TOWNSHIP ORGANIZATION. 
 
 In 1858, the County Commissioners set apart 
 the territory embraced in township 12U, range :22, 
 and the fractional township 120, range 21 , as Mar- 
 shall. A meeting was held at Champlin village; 
 May 11th, 1858, and ofiicers chosen for the town. 
 At this meeting the question of a division of 
 Marshall, into Dayton and Champlin arose, and 
 finally resulted in designating tlie following 
 boundaries ; CluuupUn, all of fractional townsliip 
 120, range 21. ami the eastern tier of sections of 
 ttiwnship 120. range 22. Dayton, all of township 
 120, range 22, excepting the eastern tier of sec- 
 tions. The first Town Meeting for Champlin 
 was held April 5tli, 1859. At this meeting, 
 "Weutworth Ilayden presided as Moderator, and 
 J. B. Hunt acted as Clerk, pro tern. The follow- 
 ing ofiicers were elected. Supervisors. "Weut- 
 worth Hayden, Chairman, Samuel Briggs and S. 
 D. Leman; Town Clerk, J. B. Holt; Assessor, J. ' 
 
 A. Linscott; Collector, Job Kenneston; Overseer 
 of Poor, J. D. Hank; Justices, S. Colburn, Alvah 
 Hills; Constables, Joseph Downs, George Hills. 
 Ofiicers in 1880; Supemsors, Harry Ghostly, 
 Chairman, J. B. Hinkley and John Stewart; Town 
 Clerk, S. Colburn; Assessor, J. B. Hinkley; 
 Treasurer, O. S. Miller; Justices, Samuel Colburn 
 and J. B. Hinkley; Constables, Geo. A. Hills and 
 William Dowlin. 
 
 The Township contains 5,310 acres of land, 
 the assessed valuation of which, was in 1880, 
 S77,59(j. The valuation of personal property was 
 §14,348. Total amount of taxes for 1880, §1,252. 
 Tlie population of the town is 456. 
 
 SCHOOLS. 
 
 The first school in the town of Champlin, was 
 held in an old shanty above tlie village, in 1855. 
 Miss Emily Thorndyke (now Mrs. Lum of Min- 
 neapolis) was teacher. A school house was built 
 in 1860, the first teacher being Chandler B. 
 Adams. There are now three schools sustained 
 in the town. A graded school in the village, 
 school district number 35, house located on'section 
 30, and district number 99, joint district with 
 Brooklyn, school house located on section 34, 
 Champlin. All the school houses are good build- 
 ings. 
 
 rnrRciiEs. 
 The Free-Will Baptist church was organized 
 in 1854, as a brancli of tlie Miiiiieapolis church, 
 by Rev. C. G. Ames. It was supplied by Eev. 
 W. Ilayden and others, until the following year. 
 The first members of the brancli organization 
 were, Betsy Shumway, W. W. Cate, Sarah C. 
 Cate, W. W. Woodman and wife. The first 
 meetings were lield in a school-house, and on an 
 unfinished steamboat, which lay on the river bank 
 at this point. In 1855 the church was organized 
 iiidepeiidently, and named Elm Creek cliurch. 
 under wliich name it continued until 1858, when 
 it was changed to Anoka and Champlin churcli. 
 its present name. They have a frame building, 
 erected in 1871 at a cost of .'51.650. It is located 
 in the village of Champlin, on an eminence over- 
 looking the river. Tlie first regular pastor was 
 W. Hayden, who officiated until 1863, when 
 owing to ill-health lie was compelled to resign, 
 and the church was without a pastor for two 
 years, though occasional services were held. In
 
 30(1 
 
 HISTOBY OF HUXNEPiy COUNTY. 
 
 18fio Rev. S. S. Paine took the charge, and 
 remained until 1870. when he was succeeded by 
 Kev. C. L. Russell, the present pastor. There 
 has been a Sabbath-school in connection with the 
 cliurch since its organization, and it is now in a 
 tlourishing condition. 
 
 The Methodist Episcopal Church. A class was 
 formed in 1872. by Rev. John Stafford. The year 
 following they erected a church, about 30 x 50 feet 
 in size. They have no resident minister, the 
 church bemg included in the circuit with Anoka. 
 A Sabbalh-school is maintained in connection 
 with the church. 
 
 SOCIETIES. 
 
 A Literary Society and Lyceum, urganized in 
 the fall of 1880, meets every Friday evening in 
 the school-house of district Xo. 99. Tliis society 
 is well attended. 
 
 In 1879 a circulating library was established in 
 the village, containing three hundred volumes. 
 It is kept at the post-office, and is patronized by 
 tlie citizens of the township generally. 
 
 CH.^JIPLIN MILL. 
 
 Tliis mill is located on Elm Creek, near its 
 junction with the river, below the village. The 
 first mill at this point was built by A. P. Lane & 
 Co., in 1867. The township records for that year 
 show that two town bonds, of SiioO each, were is- 
 sued in favor of this firm, to assist in buildmg a 
 dam and bridge, in connection with the mill. 
 All were built, but were swept away and de- 
 stroyed l)y high water. The iiresent mill was 
 built in 1874, by Clark and Smith, and after sev- 
 eral changes came into the possession of R. M. 
 Pratt iV Co., the present proprietors. It is in 
 size, 30.\-10 feet, and two stories high above the 
 basement, with an addition for offices and ware- 
 rooms, 2.5 .\ 18 feet. Its machinery consists of 
 five runs of stone, five middlings puritiei-s, be- 
 sides the necessary minor machinery. It is driv- 
 en by an American turbine wheel, forty-two 
 inches in diameter, of seventy-live horse-power. 
 Its capacity is forty barrels per day. 
 
 VILLAfiE OK CHAMPLIN. 
 
 Joseph Holt laid out a village on the west 
 bank of the river, and had it surveyed and plat- 
 ted by Hugh Spence. This was in 18-53. A 
 hotel was erected m 1855, by George Rollins, and 
 
 opened by Hugh Spence. Several changes in 
 ownership have since taken place. It is now 
 conducted by F. Thorndyke. The first st(u-e was 
 opened by J. B. Holt, in 18oti. The post-oflice 
 was estabUshed in 1858, with J. B. Holt as post- 
 master. George Hills now occupies that office. 
 There are three stores, with stocks of general 
 merchandise, three blacksmith shops, two wagon 
 shops, one goldsmith, one millinery, and one 
 fiouruig mill. The assessed valuation in 1880, 
 of town lots and structures thereon, was S7.302, 
 The nearest railway point for citizens of Cham- 
 plin township, is Anoka, directly opposite the 
 village of Champlin, and connected with it by 
 ferry across the Mississippi [river. At one time, 
 steamboats plied on the river, landing at Cham- 
 plin : the river is not navigated regularly at the 
 present time. 
 
 niOGRAPIIICAL. 
 
 Colby Emery, one of the oldest settlers in 
 Champlin. was born in 1822. in Oxford county. 
 Maine, where he resided, with the e.xception of 
 some time passed in the hotel business in Boston 
 and Xew York, luitil 1853, when he came to Min- 
 nesota. He at once pre-empted a claim of 160 
 acres, and has since resided in this town engaged 
 in farming. He now owns 120 acres of fine land. 
 He was married, July 2, 1855, to Enth Blaisdell, 
 of Tamworth Iron Works, Carroll county. Xew 
 Hampshire. She died, January, 1875. The fam- 
 ily record is, James R., born in 185G; Charles E.. 
 1857: Zenus B..1S63. died 1870; Anna G.,born 1S69. 
 
 William Fullerton was born at Hopewell, 
 Maryland, in 1819. His parents removed to Penn- 
 sylvania when he was two years of age. and he 
 remained there until 1833. when he removed to 
 Ohio, residing in Lower Sandusky four years, 
 and in Lucas county, initil 1866. employing him- 
 self in carpenter work and farming. In the 
 spring of 1864. he enlisted in Company G, First 
 Ohio Sharp-shooters, and was afterwards attached 
 to the 60th Ohio. He was wounded in the hand, 
 losing a finger at Petersburgh, Virginia, in 1864. 
 and was honorably discharged at Washington. 
 D. ('., in 1865. In 1866 he came to Champhn. 
 where he has since resided. He was married in 
 1848, to Martha Crosby, of Ohio. They have 
 four children. 
 
 J. B. Hinkley was born in Geauga county, Ohio, 
 in 1818. He received his education at the Gen-
 
 CHAMTLIN— BIOGRAPHICAL. 
 
 301 
 
 esee Western Seminary, near Rochester, New 
 York, gradiiatins in 1839. He then began teach- 
 ing winters, passing liis snmmers on a farm. In 
 1854 he came to Hennepin county, and resided in 
 Minneapolis one year, then removed to Dayton 
 township where he took a claim of 160 acres near 
 Diamond Lake, remaining there nine years. In 
 1857 and 1858 Mr. Ilinkley was a member of the 
 legislature, during which time, Minnesota was ad- 
 mitted as a state. He held the office of County 
 Commissioner a number of years, and had charge 
 of the county poor farm for three years, dating 
 from 18fi4. He then returned to Minneapolis 
 where he remained until 1873, when he came to 
 Champlin and has since resided here, engaged in 
 farming. Mr. Ilinkley has held the office of 
 justice of the peace, excepting a short time, since 
 he came to this county, and was census enum- 
 erator of Dayton township in 1880. He was 
 married in 1844 to Miss S. S. Moore. They have 
 two children. 
 
 Robert H. Miller, is a native of Oxford county, 
 Maine, where he remained until twenty-three 
 years of age ; then removed to New Hampshire. 
 He was married in Conway, New Hampsliire, 
 January, 1848, to Sarah R. Hill, and removed to 
 Waterford, Maine, where their only living son. 
 Orange 8., was born September 6th, 184it. In 
 1852, Mr. Miller came to St. Anthony, Minnesota, 
 where he remained one year, thence to Anoka 
 and after a few months residence there, made a 
 claim on the west side of the river in what is now 
 Dayton. In 1856 he came to Champlin and 
 bought a number of town lots, also the hotel now 
 owned by Mr. Tliorndyke, which he conducted 
 for seven years. When he first came to Minne- 
 sota he made a squatters claim, on the west side 
 of tiie river, the present site of Minneapolis. 
 Mr. Miller learned the trade of carriage maker, 
 in Maine, which business he engaged in for many 
 years in Champlin. He held the office of post- 
 master from 1860 to 1867. The son. Orange S., 
 resides with his parents. He was married to 
 Miss Mary E. Wiley. They have one son. 
 
 G. D. Miars is a native of Nova Scotia where 
 he was born in 1816. At the age of eleven years 
 he went to sea and followed that occupation four- 
 teen years. He then resided in Canada three 
 years, and in Maine, where he was engaged in 
 farming. He came to Hennepin county hi 1856 
 
 and purchased a claim of eighty acres in the town 
 of Crystal Lake. In 1866 he removed to Anoka 
 county, and three years later came to Champlin, 
 where he has since resided, engaged in the pur- 
 suit of farming. He was married in 1852, to Sy- 
 rene Pratt, a native of Penobscot county, Maine. 
 They have had nine children, eight of whom are 
 living. 
 
 Turner Pribble was born in Kennebec county, 
 Maine, -July 4th, 1836. At the age of twenty, he 
 came to Henneiiin county, locating in the town 
 of Brooklyn. In 1860 he purchased a farm of 
 fifty-five acres, which he disposed of in 1865, and 
 the next year bought forty acres in the same 
 town. He resided in Brooklyn until 1877, ex- 
 cepting the time he was absent in the army. In 
 April, 1861 he enlisted for three months, and re- 
 enlisted November, 1861 in the First Minnesota 
 Infantry. At Petersburg, Virginia, he was ta- 
 ken prisoner and held ten months. He was hon- 
 oral)ly discharged July 20th, 1865. He came to 
 Champlain in 1877 and has resided here since, en- 
 gaged in farming. He was married in 1870. to 
 Leila A. Coy, who was born in ]SIaine in 1851. 
 They have one child, Martha Irene l)orn in 1875. 
 
 J. W. Reeves was born in Butler county, Ohio, 
 in 1842, and remained in his native state until 
 1865, when he came to Minnesota, and located in 
 Ramsey county, near St. Paul. In 1877 he came 
 to Champlin, purchased a farm of forty acres, 
 and has since resided in this town. In 1863, Mr. 
 Reeves enlisted in Company D, 2d Ohio Heavy 
 Artillery, and served until honorably discharged, 
 in 1865, coming west the same year. 
 
 J. 11. Trussel is a native of New Hampshire, 
 born in New London, ISIerrimac comity, Septem- 
 ber 26th, 1 828. He resided in his native town ten 
 years, then to Wilmot, N. IL, and remained 
 there until twenty-one years of age, when he went 
 to Concord, and remained five years. In the fall 
 of 1855, he came to Hennepin county, and made 
 a claim of 160 acres in Brooklyn. Remained on 
 it one year ; then removed to Champlin, where he 
 has since resided. In 1871, he sold his farm in 
 Brooklyn. He has held the office of Supervisor 
 several times, also Assessor and Treasurer. Mar- 
 ried, in 1857, Mary E. Hill, who was born m Car- 
 roll county, New Hampshire, in 1831, and came 
 with her parents to this county in 1853. They 
 have had five children, three of whom are living.
 
 302 
 
 HISTOBY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 DAYTON. 
 
 CHAPTER XLVIII. 
 
 GESTERAL DESCRIPTION — FIRST SETTLEJLEXT — 
 TOWN ORGANIZATION — VI LLAGES— SCHOOLS- 
 MILLS — OFFICERS— BIOGRAPHICAL. 
 
 Dayton is situated in the extreme northern part 
 of Hennepin county. It is bouiuled on the nortli 
 by tlie Mississippi River, east by Champlin, soutli 
 by Maple Grove, and west liy Hassan and 
 Wright county. Its surface is rolling ; in some 
 portions of the town there is a succession of 
 rounded elevations, amounting to liills in some 
 instances. It is well timbered.with a heavy gro'wth 
 of maple, oak. basswood. and elm, excepting in 
 the northeast, where it includes a part of Long 
 Prairie, extending west from Champlin. The 
 soil is a deep, lilaek loam, lying upon a mag- 
 nesium limestone, which underlies the whole 
 town excepting in the north-eastern part, where 
 the St. Peter sandstone is found in a narrow belt 
 along the river. The north-eastern boundary is 
 formed by the Mississippi River, whose high 
 bluffs tower a hundred feet above the majestic 
 river that washes their base. The northern part 
 of the western boundary is washed by the Crow 
 Elver, which empties into the Mississippi at Day- 
 ton village. 
 
 Diamond Lake, on sections 17 and 18, is the 
 largest body of water in the town. It was named 
 Diamond on account of the purity of its water. 
 French Lake,the next in size, located on sections 
 19 and 3(». took its name from a French settlement 
 near it, in an early day. The smaller lakes are 
 Lura, on section 2, and Powere, on section 34. A 
 small creek rises in Diamond Lake and flows east- 
 erly across the town, and empties into Hayden's 
 Lake, which is located on section 26. 
 
 FIRST SETTLEMENT 
 
 Paul Godine is supposed to be the oldest living 
 settler in the town. He is a Frenchman 
 
 by birth, and settled here in 18.51. He was a 
 man of some notoriety among the Indians in 
 those early days, wielding a magical kind of 
 influence over them, which at times was so potent 
 that he could chastise them with his fist or club 
 or any other article which came first to hand, as 
 occasion required, and they would qiuetly submit 
 to it. and continue to trade with him. They look- 
 ed upon him through the dim light of their im- 
 tutored minds, as an avenging spirit, sent upon 
 them by the "Great Spirit," hence their submis- 
 sion. 
 
 John Yeine made a claim wliere the village of 
 Dayton now stands, and built a small cabin on it 
 in 18-53, which he sold to E. H. Robinson in 1854, 
 who used it for a trading post, trading almost 
 entirely with the Indians who were principally 
 Chippewas. 
 
 ]SIarcelles Boulee. Benj Leveilher. and others, 
 settled along the river in 18.53. Soon after, a few 
 French families settled on or near the Lake 
 named French Lake, Whose names were Daniel 
 Lavallee, Anthony Gelinas. Louis Bibeault. Moses 
 Desjarlais. Joel Desjarlais, Fabien Desjarlais 
 and Edward Greenwood. Other portions of the 
 town were settled soon after, by the French. 
 
 A hotel was built at Dayton in 1854, by James 
 Haselton and George Mosier, situated on the 
 bank of the main river. It was moved at a later 
 period, to its present site on higher ground, and 
 is now owned and occupied as a hotel by George 
 Slater, who settled here in 1856. 
 
 Xeil ilcXeil was one of the early settlers, who 
 came to Dayton and took at once, a front rank in 
 shaping the business of the infant settlement. 
 For three years, he had the entire control of Ly- 
 man Dayton"s business, his intelligent brain, 
 directed by a master hand, was felt in every 
 thing he touched. Xot only was his genius felt 
 in civil life, but he made it felt in military tactics 
 also ; showing himself not an unworthv descend-
 
 DAYTON— EARLY EVENTS— CHURCHES. 
 
 303 
 
 ent of that race whose prowess, like Bruce's, has 
 adorned and embellished the pages of Scottish 
 history. When tlie Indian outbreak, in 1862, 
 burst upon the frightened settlers, carrying 
 rapine and butchery in its gory track, he left 
 the peaceful pursuits of life, and aided by that 
 determined look which the earnest man car- 
 ries, raised a squad of men and hastened to join 
 Captain Stroufs command. They marched to 
 the seat of war through Forest City to Acton, 
 where they met the " Bloody Devils," and gave 
 them fight. lie there received a wound through 
 his right arm, but with his spartan band of sixty- 
 four, fighting for their firesides, and the little 
 prattlers around them, thought not of the eight 
 hundred fiends they were fighting, all the way 
 from Acton to Hutchinson. Before reaching 
 Hutchinson, they were reinforced, adding more 
 strength, but no more courage; when they made 
 a Waterloo, scattering the Indians in every di- 
 rection. Returning from the Indian war, and 
 with a country still imperiled, he joined Gen. 
 Thomas' command in 1863, and remained until 
 honorably discharged, when he returned again to 
 Dayton and engaged in the more congenial and 
 peaceful pursuits of Ufe, enjoying the confidence 
 of his fellow-citizens, filling the office of super- 
 visor ft)r ten years, and constable seven years. 
 He was the first constable elected in tlie town. 
 
 In 1855, A. C. Kimball settled near French 
 Lake, on the north shore, and was the first 
 American settler back from the river. He re- 
 lates the fact, that the Chippev^-a Indians passed 
 near his home on their way to the fight near 
 Shakopee, in May, 1858, with their old enemies 
 the Sioux. They came down the Mississippi 
 River and went about a mile up the Crow River, 
 took their canoes ashore, sold two or three to the 
 settlers, and destroyed the rest. 
 
 EARLY EVENTS. 
 
 In 18-56, E. II. Robinson built a blacksmith 
 shop for his own business, doing some custom 
 work for his few neighliors. Tlie same year, he 
 and his partner, John Baxter, built a steam saw- 
 mill on the banks of the Mississippi River be- 
 low the mouth of the Crow River, which was the 
 first saw-mill built in the town. 
 
 The first religious services in town, were held 
 at the house of J. B. Hinklev. in the summer of 
 
 Sti^m^p^e^ _ 
 
 1855, by the Rev. Winthrop Ilayden. The next 
 services were held at the house of J. B. Ilinkley 
 in 1855; sermon by David Brooks. 
 
 The first white child born, was George Dayton 
 Slater, September, 1856, who died at the age of 
 four years. 
 
 The first death was a Mr. Twombly, who was 
 killed by the falling limb of a tree. The second 
 death was Job Green, an old man, who died in 
 1857, and was buried by the roadside, and subse- 
 quently removed to the cemetery, in the east part 
 of the village plat, upon its establishment in 1858. ^ ^ 
 
 The first marriage was that of E. II. Robinson (/ £2>»_ «"^»-'-*-^ /y^- 
 to Mrs. Sarah L. Gardner, June 29th,^56. ^ ^. 
 
 J. B. Ilinkley was the first justice of the peace. 
 He was appointed by the territorial government. 
 He was also the first representative from his dis- 
 trict to the legislature elected in 1857, and took 
 an active part in forming the state government. 
 
 The " Five Milhon Loan Bill '" was voted on by 
 the town, in the spring of 1858, and carried by a 
 decided majority. 
 
 The first post office was established in 1855, 
 and J. Baxter appointed post master. He was 
 succeeded by Mr. Hinkley, in 1856, wlio made 
 R. R. Ilurlbut deputy for two years. Hurl- 
 but was then appointed post master, and remained 
 in office several years. 
 
 The first school was taught in the summer of 
 1857, by Miss Cynthia Slater, on the west side of 
 Crow River. The water, washing the bridge 
 away, the scholars could not cross, and she moved 
 to Mr. Hinkley 's, and later, to Mr. Baxter's house, 
 where the term was finislied. 
 
 CHURCHES. 
 
 The French Catholic Cliurch was organized in 
 1857, and a church built the same year, on the 
 farm of Paul Godine, section 5. Father Jennis 
 officiated at the organization. In 1862, Father 
 Nicholas supplied the cluirch for a time. In 
 1865, the society commenced the erection of a 
 larger churcli, in tlie village of Dayton, and com- 
 pleted it in 1866. It is -50x75 feet. The society con- 
 tains one hundred and twenty families. Father 
 Morrell has officiated since 1866, and closed his 
 labors in the fall of 1880. The society has a 
 cemetery of about two acres, located on the north- 
 west corner of section 8.
 
 304 
 
 HISTOBY OF HENNEPiy COUNTY. 
 
 TOWN ORGAXIZATIOX. 
 
 Dayton and Cliamplin, were formerly organized 
 as a voting precinct, and called Marshall. It was 
 divided in I808. and the name of Dayton adopted. 
 in honor of Mr. Lyman Dayton. The meeting 
 for the organization of the town, was held at 
 Champlin, May llth. 1858. Elected for Super- 
 visors, A. C. Kimball, chairman, W. H. Ed- 
 wards, J. D. H. Hervey; Toa\ti Clerk, John Bax- 
 ter; Assessor, J. M. Thompson: Collector, W. P. 
 Ives; Overseer of Poor. Daniel Fife: Justices of 
 the Peace, D. L. Herrick and Alvali Hills: Con- 
 stables, J. Downs and A. M. Kunball. After 
 the election of officers and other business inci- 
 dent to the new organizati<Mi. and the change of 
 the name of the town, the amicable settlement 
 of the question at one time appeared very for- 
 midal)le. adjourned to exchange mutual congrat- 
 ulations over the successful issue. 
 
 VILLAGES. 
 
 There were three town sites selected. Imt not 
 laid out. but claimed, and held with the inten- 
 tion of making plats. "Watervilli". held liy 
 Charles Aydt, was located mostly on the west 
 side, and included the site where the present saw 
 mill is located. Portland was claimed by RoViin- 
 sou and Baxter, and included the sit« on which 
 the present village is located. Lyman Dayton had 
 eighty acres south of the present village, and had 
 it platted and surveyed, but afterwards \acated. 
 The present village was lirst platted in 185o. and 
 again in I806, reducing lots from one-quarter to 
 one-eighth of an acre in a lot, awing to tlie 
 advance in the price of land. The platting was 
 done by Lyman Da)i:on who had bought of Rob- 
 inson and Baxter an undivided half of the town 
 site. This settled the location of the village, but 
 the more difficult question was yet to come, that 
 of naming it. ^Ir. Dayton and his friends 
 desired to call it Dayton, while that part of the 
 settlers who came from Elaine, were as anxious 
 to call it Portland. Both parties felt their abil- 
 ity and strength to call it V)y their chosen name, 
 whilst each doubted the others strength, and a 
 meeting was called to settle the vexed question 
 by vote. On the day appointed, the "hosts" were 
 marshalled, but justice always recedes before 
 advancing force, and the ■■ Dayton " party proved 
 too strong for the " Mainites," and named it Day- 
 
 ton, in 1868. This is the only -sillage in the 
 town, and includes a small plat of gi-ound on the 
 opposite bank ot Crow river, in "Wright county, 
 and is situated at the junction of the Mississip- 
 pi and Crow rivers. It is a flourishing village, 
 containing three stores, carrying a general stock 
 of goods. E. O. Perkins's being the largest ; three 
 blacksmith shops, one furniture and carriage 
 shop, one millinery establishment, where the 
 latest fashions are tastefully displayed, two boot 
 and shoe establishments, two carpentei-s, who 
 " know how to make a house," two meat mar- 
 kets, one lumber mill, one tannery, a brick- 
 yard and a post-office, with "W. D. Brimmer for 
 postmaster. 
 The second post-office was establislied in the 
 ' South-west part of the town about 1866, and 
 I called ■■ ilaple Grove," a Mr, Permit being ap- 
 i pointed post>-master. 
 
 SCHOOLS. 
 
 The tirst male teacher was Thomas McLeod, 
 who taught after the organization of the town, in 
 the winter of 1859-60. The fli-st school was 
 taught in a vacant store-room built liy E.B.Ames, 
 of Minneapolis, who failed in trade, and the room 
 was used till 1868, when the present village 
 school building was erected, in the \illageof Day- 
 ton. Besides this, there are four school build- 
 ings, all in good condition, located as follows : 
 , School Xo. 37, on section 14; Xo. 41, on section 
 I 29 ; No. 40, on section 7 ; and No. 36, on section 
 , 28. Two joint districts are included in the above. 
 
 3IILLS. 
 
 The Dayton Hour-mill was first built by Frank 
 ' "\reitzel in 1860, for a three run custom mill. In 
 1874 he built a new merchant mill with five runs. 
 3-5x65 feet, three-stories and basement. He sold 
 a half interest to W. F. Hurlbut, and in 1878 
 sold his remaining interest to K. K. Hurlbut. In 
 1879 the lirm of Hurlbut and son built an addi- 
 tion 20x50 feet, with two 11ms of stone for a cus- 
 tom mill. They have added all the late im- 
 provements, making it a first-class Merchant and 
 Custom mill, with a reputation second to none. 
 The mill gives employment to twenty-six men. 
 
 "W. D. Brimmer, has a Saw-mill and Stave 
 Factory, located on the Crow river, and is now 
 using the steam machinery, put iu by Robinson in 
 1860: supposed to be the first in the north-west.
 
 DA YTON— BIOGRAPHICAL. 
 
 305 
 
 OFFICIAL ROSTER. 
 
 The present town officers are, Supervisors, A. 
 ('. Kimball, chairman, 0. E. Evans, and M. F. 
 Taylor ; Town Clerk, C. F. Dugas ; Assessor, il. 
 F. Taylor ; Treasurer, Henry Duhlheimer ; Jus- 
 tices of the Peace, C. E. Evans and Nicholas 
 Engel; Constables, Albert Lewis and A. A. 
 Laflin. 
 
 A Town House was built in 1873 at the cross- 
 roads in south part of section 17, size 20x30 feet. 
 Tlie Cemetery is located in the soutli-west corner 
 of secton 8. 
 
 The town lias 14,811 acres with a land valua- 
 ation of §170,220. Valuation of personal prop- 
 erty, $42,090. Town lots, §7,384. Taxes for 
 1880, from the above valuations, S2.5S.5. 
 
 The population of the township, including tlie 
 village w 698. 
 
 lUOGRAPHICAL. 
 
 William Dugas, one of the pioneers of Hen- 
 nepin county, was liorn at Tliree Rivers, Canada, 
 May 17th, 1809. He learned the trade of mill- 
 wright, and at the age of twenty-two went to 
 Xew York city, tlien started for Africa, engag- 
 ing as ship-carpenter. At Xew Orleans he aban- 
 doned the trip, as his ship did not sail. He then 
 came up the Mississippi river to Saint Lonis, 
 thence to Chicago, and after a stay there of four 
 years, went to Council Bluffs, Iowa, via. the 
 Missouri river, with Bourbonais, who )iad charge 
 of the Pottawattamie Indians. Tlieu returned 
 to Chicago, and had charge of a crew of men on , 
 the canal then being ojiened there. Three years 
 later, he removed to (Jalena, Illinois, and then 
 went to Prarie (In Cliien, Wisconsin, where he 
 married Sophia Stronnn, who died twenty-one 
 months later, leaving one rliild, Charles, who is 
 now town clerk of Uayton. In the spring of 
 1844 he removed to Saint Paul, where he re- 
 mained over two years, and married, in January, 
 1846, Miss Susanna llaiche. The same year he 
 made a claim at Saint Anthony, near Cheever's 
 claim, which he afterwards sold to Franklin 
 Steele. He returned to Saint Paul in May, 1849. 
 and was elected to the Territorial Legislature 
 the following fall. After remaining in Saint 
 Paul two years, engaged in tlie hotel business, 
 he sold out. returned to .Saint Anthony, and es- 
 tablished a ferrv about lialf a mile above the 
 20 . ' 
 
 present upper bridge. He, and others, procured 
 a charter for a bridge, but it was not built. In 
 1 8.57 he sold the ferry and moved to Bottineau 
 Prairie, and engaged in farming until 1866, when 
 he removed to Dayton, where he has since re- 
 sided. His second wife bore him three children, 
 two of wliom are living: Jolni, aged twenty-three 
 and Louis, aged twenty-one. 
 
 Nicholas Engel was liorn in Prussia, in 1820. 
 Learned the trade of shoemaking. He was 
 drafted into the army at twenty, and served two 
 years. He emigrated to America in 1852, and 
 settled at Port Washington, Wisconsin, working 
 at his trade. Moved to Plattsmouth, Nebraska, 
 in 1858, and followed his trade. In 1875, went to 
 Frankfort, Wright county, and in 1876 came to 
 Dayton. Has held the office of Justice of the 
 Peace for two years. Married, in 1863, to Cath- 
 arine Schluentz. They have had five children, 
 four are now living. 
 
 F. Gamaclie, Ijorn in Canada, in 1830. Moved 
 to Michigan in 1850, and engaged in mining, three 
 years. He located on his present farm in 1854. 
 Married, in 1852, Jilargaret Gandrow, who died 
 in 1864. He was married again, in 1867, to Julia 
 Lambert. They have had eight children. He 
 lias Ijeen Town Supervisor and School Director. 
 He is one of the pioneers of this town. His, was 
 the first team brought to Dayton. 
 
 R. R. Ilurlbut, born in Vermont, in 1830. Fol- 
 lowed railroading wlien young. He was married 
 in 1852, to JSlary Stebbins, and moved to Muineso- 
 ta in 1855. Located in Hassan for one year; 
 thence to Dayton, where he engaged in mercan- 
 tile business for two years. Located where he now 
 lives in 1870 — a fine location in Wright county, 
 opposite Dayton. Purchased, in 1878, one-half 
 interest in the Dayton Flour Mills, wliich, with his 
 farm, occupies his entire attention. He has two 
 children : William F. and Rodman R. 
 
 William F. Ilurlbut, son of R. R. Ilurlbut, was 
 born in Vermont, in 1853. He remained with 
 his parents until 1870, when he entered the State 
 University at Minneapolis, at the same time tak- 
 ing a commercial course. Returned to Dayton 
 in 1874 and purchased ahalf interest in the Day- 
 ton Flour Mills, and also carried on a general 
 merchandizing business in connection with his 
 milling. In 1880 he married Jennie E. Nixon, of 
 Pennsylvania.
 
 306 
 
 HlSrOBT OF HEXA'EPiy COUNTY. 
 
 X. :McXeil was bom iu Scotland, in 1830. In 
 1831 he emigrated with his parents to America. 
 He moved to Boston, Massachusetts, in 1852, 
 and worked three years in the Xa\-y Yard. 
 Moved to Mimiesota in 18.56, and lived in St. 
 Paul one year, when he moved to Dayton and 
 worked seven years for Lyman Dayton. In 1863, 
 joined Gen. Thomas" command, was mustered out 
 in 1865, and returned to Dayton and engaged in 
 the stock business. He married, in 1857, Sarah 
 Sweeney. They have had nine cliildren. Mr. 
 McNeil held the office of Supen-isor ten years, 
 and was Constable for seven yeare. 
 
 Charles Mayer was bom in Germany, in 1818, 
 where he taught school for twenty years. He 
 emigrated to America in 1856. and settled in 
 St. Bernard, Ohio, and taught school two years ; 
 then taught eight years in Johnstown, Pennsylva- 
 nia, four years at Utica. and three yeare in Jeffer- 
 son City, Missouri. He is the organist at the Cath- 
 olic church in Dayton, and also teaches music. 
 Married the first time, in 1842, to Veronica Sei- 
 berlich, who died in 1856. Married again to, Kate 
 Oberle. He has sis children living. 
 
 George Slater, bom in England, ui 1821. Em- 
 igrated to America, and settled in GloversAlUe, 
 Fulton county, Xew York, iu 1824. "Worked at 
 glove-making for twenty years. Moved to Min- 
 nesota, and settled in Dayton, in 1856, and com- 
 menced the manufacture of gloves and mittens. 
 Enlisted in Company C, Independent Battalion, 
 under General Hatch, in 1864, and was ordered 
 to the frontier. AVas mustered out in 1865. Ee- 
 tm'ued to Dayton, and opened his farm. His 
 health failing, he piu'chased the hotel wliich he 
 now keeps. Married, in 1845, to Catharine Kelly. 
 They have fom- children now livuig. Mr. Slater 
 found many relics near the jimction of the Crow 
 and Mississippi rivers, whieh indicated that 
 there had been, at some time, a Prench or Span- 
 ish settlement at that point. 
 
 Abraham Twombley was born in Canada, in 
 1808. Moved to Champlain, Xew York. Lived 
 there several years. Married, at twenty-two, to 
 Bosabel Rose. He moved to Bottineau Prairie 
 in 1857, and lived with his wife in a tent three 
 months. Sold his first claim on the Prairie, and 
 bought one in the woods, where he has since 
 lived. Mr. and Mi's. T. Celebrated their golden 
 
 wedding. Xovember 8th. 1880. They have 108 
 children and gi-audchildren. 
 
 E. H. Eobinson, a native of Gardiner, Maine, 
 was born in 1829. He remained with his par- 
 ents on the farm, untU seventeen years of age : 
 then learned the mason"s trade. In 1849, he, 
 with his brother, moved to "Wisconsin, and worked 
 at his trade during the summer, and in the pine- 
 ries through the winter. In the faU of 1850, he 
 returned to Maine, and the following year, his 
 father and family moved to "Wisconsin, locating 
 m Portage comity. In the spring of 1853. E. H. 
 came to Minneapolis, and purchased twenty-five 
 doUai-s- worth of goods, which he hired a French- 
 man to take up to the mouth of Crow Ri\-er. in a 
 canoe. They reached their destination in two 
 days, and found but one white man. John "\'eine. 
 of whom he secured the use of a log cabin for his 
 store. He opened a- trade with the Indians, 
 whose reservation was on the west side of Crow 
 River. In the spring of 1854. he succeeded m 
 purchasing Veine's claim, which included the 
 site of the present village of Dayton. Mr. Veine 
 left, and Mr. Robinson was for ten months ^alone 
 with the Indians, at whose hands he came near 
 losing his life, on several occasions. He sold 
 John Baxter one-half interest in his store, and in 
 
 1855, they sold Lyman Dayton, of St. Paul, an 
 luidivided interest in a portion of their land. In 
 1S56, they sold Mr. Dayton an interest in tlie 
 water-power and land adjoining. In the fall of 
 
 1856, they erected a steam saw-mill near the 
 mouth of Crow River. Soon after. Mr. Robinson 
 bought his partner's interest in tlie store, and in 
 
 1857, bought his interest in the mill. He then 
 sold to Mr. Dayton liis entire interest in the 
 water-power, and the following spring, sold his 
 stock of goods. In the fall of 1858, he purchased 
 another stock of goods, and in 1861, took as part- 
 ner in the milling business. Frank Crocker, and 
 continued thus two yeare, when he bought Crock- 
 er's interest, and in 1866, sold the entire estab- 
 lishment to a firm who failed, and the mill was 
 taken away. In 1870. he built a new steam saw- 
 mill near the site of the old one. In 1877. he 
 sold the mill to H. A. Bennett, and it was burned 
 the following year. ^Ir. Robinson's wife was 
 Mrs. Sarah Gilson of Xew York, whom he mar- 
 ried in 1856. "They have had three cliildren : 
 George H., Horace R. and Frank L. 
 
 Si^ 
 
 i 
 
 tt/ynn^ 
 
 
 0^'
 
 HASSAN- OENEBAL DESGBIPTION. 
 
 307 
 
 HAS SAN. 
 
 CHAPTER XLIX. 
 
 GENERAL DESCRIPTION — SETTLEMENT — FIRST 
 BIRTH AND DEATH — A PAPER TOWN — EVENTS 
 OF 1856-7-8 — CHURCHES — ORGANIZATION — 
 INDIAN SCARE — OUTLOOK — SAW-MILL — BIO- 
 GRAPHICAL. 
 
 This is one of the extreme northern towns of 
 Hennepin county, and embraces all of township 
 120 north, ranges 23 and 24 west, lying east of 
 Crow River, covering an area of 17,184 acres. 
 It is washed by the Crow River on the west and 
 north, the stream making the boundary Ijetween 
 it and Wright coimty. It was sm'veyed in lHo.5, 
 the first year of its settlement. Its siuface is 
 rolling and heavily timbered, except Bigelow's 
 Prairie, a small tract of about fifty acres, in 
 section 16, on Crow river. Several ti-acts of 
 marsh, or wild meadow, occur at intervals 
 throughout the town, but are little used, being 
 too soft for pasturage, and affording but an indif- 
 ferent quality of hay. Peat bog is found in most 
 of the marshy gromid, which may yet give it value. 
 In the uplands, the soil is a dark loam, with clay 
 subsoil and well adapted to general agricultural 
 piu'poses. 
 
 The only streams in the mterior are Rush Creek, 
 which flows through the south-east comer, and a 
 small, unnametl rivulet which rises in section 22, 
 flows north-west, and empties into Crow River hi 
 section 16. A stream shown upon the early maps, 
 in the south-west part of the town, is only a ravine 
 through which surface water finds its way to tlie 
 Crow River in times of fi'eshet. 
 
 Several small lakes dot tlie siu-face of the town, 
 mainly in the western half, the most noticeable of 
 which are here described. Sylvan Lake lies in 
 section 20, and is the largest body of water in the 
 town. It covers an area of about two hundred 
 acres, is of more than ordinary depth, with sandy 
 
 or gravelly margin on the north, but soft along 
 the southern half. It is well stocked with fish, 
 principally pickerel and bass. North-east of this 
 is Cowley, better known as Parslow's Lake, m 
 sections 16 and 21. It has sandy margins and 
 liard bottom, but is quite shallow, and contauis a 
 rank growth of water plants, which, though not 
 reach mg the surface, are too near to admit of 
 trolling for fish, with which its waters abound. 
 
 Lake Harry lies mainly ui the south-east corner 
 of section 29, but extends its waters to the three 
 sections joining at this corner. It is of irregular 
 shape, shallow, witli low, marshy shores on the 
 north, but hard on the south. It is destitute of 
 fish, and is gi'adually diying up. In 1855, Jasper 
 Hawkins, one of the early settlers here, found a 
 fine, large canoe floating upon the waters of this 
 lake, which incident has occasioned no Utile spec- 
 idation regarding its early ownership. It was of 
 jiine, nearly new, and neatly hewn from a sound 
 log or tree, and not over an inch thick except at 
 the points. No owner ever appeared to claim this 
 mysterious craft, and pioneer settlers disagree as 
 to its origin ; whether it was of Indian manufac- 
 ture, or the handiwork of white men. In any 
 event, it must have been prepared in the forests 
 of the upper Mississippi, brouglit down that 
 stream and up the Crow river several miles, and 
 dragged across the country for not less than one 
 and one-half miles, before launclnng upon tlie 
 shallow waters of this lake, which, as it afforded 
 no flshmg, leaves the subject as much in the dark 
 as ever. The old canoe is now in a useless, half- 
 decayed condition, and partly Iniried in the mud 
 and water of a smaller lake, appropriately named 
 Mud Lake, near the residence of Mr. Hawkins ui 
 section 21. 
 
 SETTLEMENT. 
 
 The first settler in the northern part of the town 
 was Alexander Bortliwick, who came in 1854, and 
 made Ids claim on section 12. and later, another
 
 :W8 
 
 HISTOBT OF HENKEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 on section 1, the tuvm now ownied by Frank 
 Weitzel. He remained until 1S67. when lie re- 
 nioved to Otsego, AVright county, and has since re- 
 sided there. He came from St. Paul to Dayton, 
 crossed tlie river there, made his claim, and 
 hoarded witli Kohinson and Baxter, through the 
 winter. Harvey Hicks came about one month 
 later than Borthwick. and bought the latter's 
 clami on section 12. He luought the tirst team 
 and wagon into this town, coming up on the west 
 side of the river and cutting his road through the 
 timl)er. Dennis Ford, Alpheus Jlaseny. and 
 Joseph Green came the same fall. !Maser\y is 
 now in ilaine Prairie, Stearns county. In 
 I800, Mortimer and Patrick Hynes, Tliomas Rog- 
 ers and William Demery. located claims in the 
 nortliern part of the town. John Mitchell and 
 Samuel Gowell settled north of the centre. John 
 Keegan. wlio came the same year, still resides in 
 the town. Others who came about this time 
 were, Patrick Burke and Owen McCalie. Among 
 tliose who located in the centi'al and southern 
 l)(irtiuu of the town in 18o.5 were. George and 
 Ariel Bigelow, ^V. Woodman and Harvey S. 
 Norton, who came from Ohio, and settled on or 
 near section IH, on the Crow river. Their claims 
 embraced the small prairie tract pre\iously re- 
 ferred to. which gave it the name it has since 
 borne. There were no roads leaiUng into this 
 woi id-land region then, and they were forced to 
 cut their way as they advanced, making but slow 
 progi'ess, though onl,\- stopping to remove such 
 obstructions as could neither be overcome or 
 avoided. They remained here but a few years, 
 then removed to other parts. ^Viiel Bigelow, 
 after about six )ears residence here, removed to 
 Maple Grove, thence to Minneapolis, and later, to 
 his former place in Ohio. He subsequently re- 
 turned to this State, and is now at Princeton, 
 Mille Lacs county. Geo. Bigelow left his claim 
 liere about the same time, but afterwards re- 
 turned and located a little east of the old loca- 
 tion, from whicli he soon after removed to San- 
 tiago, Sherburne couutv, where he was drowned 
 several years since. 
 
 Early in the year, Jasper and Horatio Hawk- 
 ins settled near the central part of tlie town, hav- 
 ing first engaged in fanning in what is now Crys- 
 tal Lake. They were from England, and through 
 their influence others were led to seek homes in 
 
 this locality. Among them were Septimus, Charles 
 and John Parslow, the tirst two, lirothers, the 
 latter their nephew. Henry Ghostl> also arrived 
 about this time, and all took claims in one neigh- 
 borhood, where most of them still reside. About 
 this tune the names of Charles Tucker and James 
 and John Xoon were added to tlie brief roll of 
 pioneers; tliey came from Ohio, the former from 
 Cincinnati. Ijate in the fall. Freeman D. James 
 arrived from Xew York and located on sectitiii 
 fifteen, where he now resides. When he reached 
 Winona, na\'igation suddenly closed, and he was 
 forced to pursue his journey on foot, which he 
 did. coining liy way of St. Paul and Dayton. 
 
 EARLY EVENTS. 
 
 Fii-st Birth and Death. The tirst white child 
 born within the limits of the town was a daugh- 
 ter, :Mary, born to Mr. and ^Irs. Geo. Bigelow 
 soon after their arrival here. Her brief life ter- 
 minated near Christinas of that vear; the first 
 gia\ e succeeduig the first cradle. 
 
 A Paper Town. Early in the summer of 1855. 
 the excellent water-power upon the Crow River, 
 on section thirteen, attracted the notice of Harvey 
 S. Xorton, and suggested the founding of a vil- 
 lage there. He accordingly employed a surveyor, 
 and laid out a town plat of fair proportions, and 
 decided to name it Hassan, if it was ever liorii. 
 But it never was: and the uanie remained un- 
 used until the following year, when the estab- 
 lishment of a post-offlce, furnished an object to 
 which it has since attached. In the fall of this 
 year occuned the first religious services, by Rev. 
 J. S. Chamberlain, rector of the Episcopal church 
 in Minneayiolis. 
 
 EVENTS OF 1856-8. 
 
 The first year of pioneer work wrought noticea- 
 ble changes in this forest region. Cabins sprang 
 up as if liy magic, and happ\ homes and firesides 
 were seen t)n every hand, where before was ob- 
 -sen'ed naught save the camplire of the red man, 
 or the ever-shifting wigwam, wliicli marked his 
 temporary home. 
 
 With an energy cliaracteristic of the sturdy 
 liioneer element of winch this commmiity was 
 composed, a post-othce was secured in the sum- 
 mer of 18-56, and Septimus Parslow received the 
 appointment of Postmaster, the office being at 
 liis residence on section twentv-one.
 
 HASSAN— ORG ANIZATION^INDIAN SCARE. 
 
 309 
 
 The name designed for Norton's proposed city 
 was liere called into requisition, and Hassan was 
 recorded in the list of frontier post-offices. The 
 lirst mail was received July 4th, 1856, and came 
 in good old primitive style — the carrier making 
 tlie trip on horseback. 
 
 About this time the Territorial road from Min- 
 neapolis to ilonticello was opened, and the sad- 
 dle soon gave place to a wlieeled vehicle, for the 
 accommodation of passengers. Not long after, 
 tri-weekly mail service was secured, which has 
 since been maintained. The post ortice is still 
 retained by Mr. Parslow. 
 
 The territorial road referred to was the lirst 
 legitimate outlet for this section, only -'trespass 
 roads" existing before, and they, neither numer- 
 ous or in good condition. 
 
 In the year ]8.5(i, occurretl the hrst marriage in 
 the town — that of Charles Tucker and Miss Eliza- 
 beth Hawkins. The ceremony was jierformed by 
 Kev. J. S. Chamberlain. They are yet living on 
 their original claim, in section 22. 
 
 The tirst school was taught by Miss Sarah Ward, 
 in a small log building, in the west part of town, 
 not far from the present school-house in district 
 No. 72, in the year 18.57. She was followed by 
 ]SIiss Helen Tilton, the next season. 
 
 In 18o7~'8, this yoiuig conimunitx . in conmion 
 with otliers, suffered severely from the ravages of 
 grasshoppers, but have since been spared from 
 such amioyance. In 1858, with the admission of 
 the state, the territory now embraced in this town 
 was designated by the County Commissioners, and 
 given its iiresent name — I^ass^ul. The town or- 
 ganization occuired two years later. 
 
 ST. .JOHN'S CHURCH— Kl'ISCOl'AL. 
 
 This neat little edifice was begun in 18.58, Init 
 not completed until a later period. It is loi'ated 
 in section 21, near Septimus Parslow's residence, 
 and upon ground donated b>- him for that pur- 
 IKise. The tract included five acres, a portion of 
 which was set apart for a cemetery, in which liave 
 been twenty-one interments. 
 
 The history of the society dates Ijack to the fall 
 of 1855, when monthly services were begim at 
 the residence of Septimus Parslow. by Kev. J. S. 
 Chamberlain, and continued in this place until the 
 building of the clnu'ch, in 1858. Tlie real organ- 
 ization of the society occurretl on Kaster Monday, 
 
 in the spring of 1857, under the rectorship of Rev. 
 iSIr. Chamberlain, who faithfidly administered to 
 the chm-cli during the first five years of its organ- 
 ization. His successors were Kevs. U. B. Knick- 
 erbacker. William I'olk, George Case, John Scott. 
 S. T. G. Cnnnp; and since June, 1878, Rev. Dr. 
 Kidckerbacker has had charge; assisted by Curate 
 W. T. Pise to date of June. 1880. shice then by 
 Curate J. Q. Bevington. Bishop Whipple has 
 held service at irregular intervals since 1860. In 
 May, 1858, Bishop Kemper, of Wisconsin, visited 
 the society, and laid the corner-stone of the chm-ch 
 edilice. Seven memljers were added to the chinch 
 )i.\ confirmation during his visit here. There was 
 then no Bishop in Minnesota. The original mem- 
 bership was only four, wliicli has since increased 
 to fifty. Monthly services are mauitained, and 
 a nourishing Sabbath-school is connected with the 
 chiu'ch. 
 
 TOWN ORCi.VNIZATION. 
 
 The meeting at which the township organiza- 
 tion was effected, was held April 8, 1860. No 
 special measiu'es were adopted at this meeting, 
 beyond the usual transactions incident to a new 
 organization, anil the election of the following of- 
 ficers : Supervisors, Gideon Reeves, chairman, 
 Ilawley Ilicks, Richanl Quinn ; Town Clerk, C. 
 .1. Parslow; Treasurer, Septimus Parslow; Asses- 
 sor, A. Borthwick : Justice of the Peace, Henry 
 (ihostly ; Constables, Patrick Ilynes, John Pars- 
 low ; Superuitendent of Schools, B. Wright. The 
 latter resigned in July, and was succeeded by H. 
 C. Parslow. 
 
 INDIAN SCAKK. 
 
 In August, l.s()2, the panic which spread over 
 this entire region, at news of the recent massacre, 
 so terrified the settlers of Hassan that numbers 
 of them fled to JSIinneapolis, others to Fort Suell- 
 ing, and some e^•en left the state. About three 
 weeks after the Hrst scare, another rumor of 
 l)utchery and bloodshed was wafted to the ears 
 of the partiall> tpiieted citizens, and another panic 
 ensued. It was of short duration, however, and 
 the "troubled waters" soon resumed their wonted 
 tran(iuilit\'. 
 
 I'ATUdNS OF HUSliANDItY. 
 
 In the winter of 1873-4, a Grange was organ- 
 ized, whose membership soon reached forty, but 
 though^well attended for a time, soon lost its
 
 310 
 
 EISTOBY OF HENKEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 original interest, and in 1878 was wholly aban- 
 doned. 
 
 PRESENT Ol'TLOOK. 
 
 By slow but steady piogiess, Hassan has reached 
 a degree of development in sti-iking contrast with 
 earlier conditions noted m this chapter, as the 
 following statistics, gleaned fi'om the official re- 
 ports of 1880 will show. The assessed value of 
 lands is given at $191,610 ; of pereonal property, 
 822,333, on which taxes were levied to the amount 
 of $1,918. The population of the township is 
 735. 
 
 Five school houses are located at convenient 
 tlistances, affording the ordinaiy facilities for a 
 common school education. District Xo. 72, has 
 a frame building on section 19, near the site of 
 the first school in the town. The building is of 
 moderate dimensions, and m good condition. The 
 other school buildings are: District Xo. 73, house 
 in section 21, log building; Xo. 69, on section 
 24, frame house in good condition; Xo. 70, frame 
 house on section 11, above the average size of 
 country school houses, and in line condition ; 
 and Xo. 68, on section 35 — joint district witli Cor- 
 coran — frame house, small, but in fair condition. 
 
 A Town Ilall is conveniently situated in sec- 
 tion 21 , opposite the residence of Charles Pars- 
 low. 
 
 A saw-mUl is about being put in operation in 
 section eighteen, on Crow Eiver, by A. Berning. 
 whose residence is on the opposite shore, in 
 Wright county, an enterprise that can not fail to 
 gieatly benefit the farmers of the adjacent ter- 
 ritoi-y, upon whose farms may be found an ex- 
 cellent quality of hard wood for lumber, square 
 timber, etc. 
 
 Thus is briefly given a sketch of the settlement 
 and rapid growth of the town, which closes with 
 the following list of to-«ii oflicers for 1880: Su- 
 pen-isors, John Russell, chairman, Charles J. 
 Ghostly, Thomas Flynn; Clerk, C. J. Parslow; 
 Treasurer, Charles Tucker: Assessor, G. Jackins; 
 Justice of the Peace. Jasper S. Hawkins; Con- 
 stable, Edward Tucker. 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAI,. 
 
 Aaron Hoag, a native of New Hampshue, was 
 bom in 1806. In 1835 he moved to Bangor, 
 Maine, and followed teammg for twelve years ; 
 
 then he bought a farm at South Gardner, which he 
 occupied for six years. In 1858 he came with his 
 youngest daughter to ^Minnesota, prospecting — 
 and in 1859 bought part of the land he now lives 
 on. The same year his family sold out and 
 joined him. He maiTied in 1830, Annie Wig- 
 gins. They have four children. His son Charles 
 lives with him and was manied December 1877, 
 to Mary A. Inveen. Their children are George 
 and Ida. 
 
 . Horatio Hawkins, a native of England, was 
 bom in 1827. He learned the ti-ade of shoemak- 
 ing. In 1853 he emigi'ated to America, moved 
 to Mimiesota and settled in Crjstal Lake. In 
 1856 he came to Hassan, and in 1858 made a 
 claim, where he has suice lived. In 1864 he en- 
 listed in Eleventh ^Mimiesota, Company G, went 
 south and was discharged ni Jime, 1865. He was 
 married in England to ^Martha Powell, in the year 
 1850. They have five children Living. 
 
 Jasper Hawkins was bom in England, in 1829. 
 He emigi'ated to America in 1853, and moved 
 directly to St. Anthony, where he worked as 
 clerk eighteen months, for John G. Lennon. In 
 1854 he bought a claim in Crystal Lake, and held 
 it fifteen mouths. Made a claim in Hassan in 
 1855, and has since lived here. In 1862 he en- 
 listed in Xinth ^Minnesota, Company B, was 
 clerk in Quartermastei-s department a few 
 months, and was then ordered to General Com- 
 mandery Central District of ^lissouri ; joined his 
 regiment as clerk for Col. Marsh, until discharged 
 at Davenport, Iowa, in 1865. He was maiTiedin 
 1869, to Alice M. ^Slattey. Four children have 
 been born to tliem. 
 
 Freeman D. James was lioru in Chautauqua 
 county, Xew York, in 1822, where he lived twen- 
 tv-seven years, much of the time engaged in lum- 
 bering. He w-ent to California in 1853, met with 
 considerable success, and returned to Xew York. 
 In 1855 he came to ^limiesota and settled hi the 
 town of Hassan, where he now lives. He has 
 served the town as supenisor and constable. In 
 September, 1864, he enlisted in Second Battery, 
 ^Mimiesota volunteers, was mustered out in July, 
 1865, at St, Paul, and returned to his farm. He 
 manied, in 1843, Mary B, Strong, who died Feb- 
 ruary, 1876, leaving three children. Mr. James 
 I has done much for the cause of education.
 
 GBEEN WOOD— E ABLY HISTORY. 
 
 311 
 
 GREENWOOD. 
 
 CHAPTEK L. 
 
 GENERAL DESCRIPTION — EAULY HISTORY — OLD 
 SETTLERS — ORGANIZATION — CHURCHES AND 
 BUILDINGS— SCHOOLS— STATISTICAL— ROSTER 
 —BIOGRAPHICAL. 
 
 This town embraces that portion of township 
 119 north, range 24 west, lying east of Crow 
 river. It was set apart by the connty com- 
 missioners April 10th, 1858, and named from 
 the village then located in the south-western 
 part. The origin of the name was the charming 
 appearance of the wood-lands, as seen by the first 
 settlers, ui the early days of summer. 
 
 The surface is broken and hilly, and covered 
 with a heavy growth of hard wood timber, inter- 
 spersed by a few small tracts of marsh-land. 
 The soil, as in other timbered portions, is a dark 
 loam with clay subsoil, the lightest portion being 
 found near the old site of the village. A few 
 small lakes are found in the central portion of 
 the town, and in the southern part, and lying 
 partly in Independence, are lakes Sarah and Re- 
 becca, of larger proportions. The former is 
 about three miles long, and finds an outlet to the 
 Crow river through Edgar creek. The latter is 
 about one mile in length, and connected with the 
 Crow river by a small stream naming through 
 the north-western part of Independence, and 
 the extreme south-western part of Greenwood, 
 where it unites with the main stream. 
 
 EARLY HISTORY. 
 
 Although separated from the Mississippi, the 
 only course of travel at that date, by miles of 
 dense woodland and morass, this town was among 
 the tirst in the county to attract the attention of 
 pioneer settlers. The flrst claims were made in 
 the northern part of the town ui 18.54. Among 
 these early claimants was Mathias Ilarff, who lo- 
 cated on section 1 , and opened a farm upon which 
 
 he lived till 1866, then sold, and purchased a 
 farm on section 10, where he still resides. Mr. 
 Hai-ff is without doubt the oldest living settler 
 in Greenwood. His coming was illustrative of 
 the rugged pathway, by which so many have 
 reached their present easy, though perhaps not 
 happier, condition, and of that determined energy- 
 and courage, to which the county owes its present 
 growth and prosperity. He gave one of the two 
 sacks of Hour which constituted his principal 
 commissary stock, to a teamster in exchange for 
 transportation from St. Paul to Dayton, then 
 took his wife and aged mother in a " dug out."' 
 and '-paddled his owTi canoe" up the Crow river 
 to the nearest accessible point to his claim, from 
 where the remainder of the journey was per- 
 formed on foot. Here, in a small, rude cabin, 
 subsisting chiefly upon wild game, and with no 
 implements but an a.\ and conunou giaib hoe, he 
 liegan the difficult task of opening a farm in this 
 almost unknown forest. His success in over- 
 coming the manifold difficulties which beset his 
 patlnva>-. and the degree of prosperity to which 
 he has attamed, furnish a noteworthy example of 
 the unfailing reward of persistent energy and 
 perseverence. Mr. Harff has been identified with 
 the growth and developement of the town, and 
 was one of its supervisors for several years. 
 
 The first settlers in the south part of the town 
 were E. O. Newton, Thomas Holmes, J. M. Burt, 
 Robert Kemiedy, Samuel Allen, Matthew anil 
 Albert Taisey-aiul Messrs. IJucklin and Chase, all 
 of whom settled in or near the south-west part of 
 the town, earlj in 1855. Mr. Newton came fiom 
 Massachusetts, sl()i)piMg a short time at Chaska, 
 from which point he came to Greenwood tlie last 
 of March, with an ox team and an old-fashioned 
 wood-shod sled. In Febrnan- previous, he had 
 visited the locality and selected his claim, as had 
 also the others named. He wearied of fi'ontier 
 life after about a year's experience, and returned
 
 81: 
 
 HISTOBY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 to liis former home iii the old Bay State. Those 
 from Shakopee arrived in Ma\ . 18.55, and tlienext 
 montli the town was suhdivided uito sections, by 
 govenmient suney. Othere who came hi May 
 were James D. Yoiuiil. "WiUiam C. Gould and 
 John B. Edgar, the former bringing the tirst wag- 
 on to this part of the eounti-y. In September of 
 tliis year, John F. Powers and A. AV. Dorman 
 settled in the south-west part of the town, near the 
 Crow river. Other settlers of I800 were Robert 
 Gustine. A. S. Lindsay, Hemy Greeling and Au- 
 gust Kiihnn. Among those who came soon after, 
 were George F. Ames. Thomas R. Briggs. An- 
 drew Thompson and his widowed sister. ^SIi-s. Ann 
 Cunningham, Chi-istian Sipe, Carl Hafften, Benja- 
 min La\M"ence, Martin Conzet, "W. ^y. Hall, Adam 
 Hohensteui, Albert Roberts. ^\. P. C. Hawk, L. 
 Allai-s, Nathaniel Moore and John O'Mera, some 
 of whom figure conspicuously in the histori- of the 
 town and deserve even more than the further men- 
 tion yet in reseiTe ui these pages. Before entering 
 into fiuther personal detail, however, it isnecessai'y 
 to devote some space to the rise and fall of the 
 ephemeral " city,"" which now exists only in tradi- 
 tion. In the early winter of 1856-7, the few \\ho 
 came from Shakopee surveyed and platted about 
 2(tO acres on the south bank of Crow river, wliicli 
 was duly recorded as tlie •■ City of Greenwood."" 
 and in token of tlie sincerity of their intentions, 
 those residing within the corporate limits, proceed- 
 ed to tlie election of the following officers : flavor. 
 Matthew Taisey; Councilmen, Samuel Allen. 
 Robert Gustme, John F. Powers; Recorder. A. 
 S. Lindsay; Marshal, James D. Yomig. 
 
 The tirst habitable house on the town site was 
 built by Matthew and Albert Taisey m 1855. 
 The next year J. il. Burt opened a general store, 
 in which a thriving business was carried on for 
 some time. After about a year he sold to Albert 
 Taisey, and he to Thos. R. Briggs, who closed 
 out the stock in the fall of 1858. 
 
 In the winter of 1856-7 large quantities of logs 
 were hauled to the site of a contemplated saw- 
 mill, on the bank of the Crow river. The mill 
 was never built, however, and the logs were re- 
 moved and used for other purposes, or perished 
 from age and exposure. 
 
 In 1857, a mill was built on the north side of 
 the Crow river, opposite Greenwood, to which 
 fact was due the failure of the project just noted. 
 
 A town site was also platted, l)ut never recorded, 
 and the subsequent k)cation of the village of 
 Rockford, effectually strangled this projected bor- 
 ough. 
 
 Of couree Greenwood needed a hotel, and so a 
 commodious edifice was erected by Matthew and 
 Albert Taisey, and given the euphonious title. 
 "Beaver House."" In 1862, when the Indian 
 "scare" was at its height, the settlers converted 
 this into a fortress, and for their lietter protection 
 in case of an attack, tamarac poles were brought, 
 and a stockade built, inclosing outbuildings and 
 stable, and allowing space for teams and stock. 
 Several families from AVright cotuity nestled 
 under the protecting wings of this fort, in addi- 
 tion to those of Greenwood, and occasional de- 
 tachments of cavalry from Fort Snelling halted 
 here while scorning the coimtiy for traces or tid- 
 ings of the enemy, ilany of the first historic 
 events of the town occurred within tlie limits of 
 the city. 
 
 In the spruig of IS06, the first school was 
 taught in a small building erected by a :Mr. Peas- 
 ley, as a residence, and jestingly called ■■Peasley"s 
 Hall."" The estimable lady to whom is due the 
 credit of first dkecting the youthful muids of this 
 infant community, was ^liss Ruth A. Powers, 
 daughter of Jt)hn F. Powers, and now Mrs. Jas. 
 D. Yoimg, of Delano. AVright county. 
 
 The next to preside over this earh band of 
 students, was Miss ilary Ball, daughter of Mrs. 
 A. ^y. Dorman, by a former husband. In the 
 fall of 1856, occurred the first death, and the first 
 grave made by white men was opened to receive 
 the remains of an infant daughter of Mr. and !Mrs. 
 Samuel Allen. The little one's name was Jennie. 
 
 The firet preaching m town was in the whiter of 
 1856-7, by Rev. Charles Galpm, of Excelsior, at 
 the residence of Jolm F. Powers. The same win- 
 ter. Rev. Mr. Camp, an invalid spending the win- 
 ter at Excelsior, held religious senices at the 
 home of ^Ir. Powers, on se\eral occasions. 
 
 Ill 1857, the census showed the population of 
 the city as seventy-six. 
 
 In this year occurred the first marriage. James 
 D. Young and Miss Ruth A. Powers, the marriage 
 dating September 17th, 1857. They are now liv- 
 ing in Delano, and their eldest daughter. ;Miss 
 Katie, is remembered as the first white child born 
 in Greenwood, herbirth occurring June 15th. 1860.
 
 QBEENWOOD—THE OLD SETTLERS. 
 
 313 
 
 About 1857, lifter considerable effort on the 
 part of the citizens, a post-office was established 
 at Greenwood, and Albert Taisey appointed post- 
 master. Soon after, it passed into the hands of 
 ^Ir. Powers, who retained it until his removal 
 from Greenwot)d. in 1868, when he left it with 
 his deputy, Mrs. Taisey. She had charge initil 
 18(59, when it was discontinued. 
 
 In 1857 a society known as the Independent 
 Order Jfobilium Fratrum, was organized in 
 Greenwood, and reached a large membership in a 
 short time. It was a select organization, its prin- 
 cipal tenets being fraternal fellowship, and the 
 promotion of literature and music. 
 
 A lyeeum was started abotit tlie same time. 
 and was well sustained for a season. In 18oH 
 both it and the I. O. X. F. withered and died 
 from lack of vital force. 
 
 The village of Kockford was founded about 
 1857, and proved a fatal drain upon the young 
 city, whose auspicious opening bore iimmise of a 
 better fortune. 
 
 Thus, one by one its roses faded, until the lo- 
 cation of the Saint Paul and Pacific Eailroad, at 
 some distance south of the town, gave the last 
 fatal blow, aud the " City of Greenwood" was 
 nund)ered with the things that were. 
 
 Some recompense for this loss, however, is 
 found in the establishment of Rockford, a thriv- 
 ing village situated on the oi)posite side of the 
 river, about a mile below the old site of (ireeu- 
 Wdod. whicli not only affords a trading point, liut 
 lias good llotn- and lumber mills, and on llie 
 (ireenwood side, a hue woolen factory, which is 
 yearly gaining in pulilic favoi'. 
 
 TIIK OLD SETTLEKS. 
 
 Some further recognition is due the pioneer set- 
 tlers of Greenwood, and a brief record of their 
 fortiuies can not fail to interest the general reader. 
 Thomas Holmes was a man of unusual energy 
 aud activity. He was one of the founders of 
 Janesville, Wisconsin, and later of Shakopee. 
 this state. He also ligured (|uite iimmiueutly iu 
 the early develoiunent of the cities of Milwaukee 
 and Cliicago. lie made several trips to Montana, 
 as guide to emigrant companies. He is now liv- 
 ing in northern (-ieorgia. 
 
 John M. Burt is now a resident of Chemung 
 county. New York. He visited this section about 
 
 three years ago, and could but marvel at the 
 changes time had wnniglit during his absence. 
 
 Samuel Allen is now a resident of Howard 
 Lake. Wright county. Kennedy, Buckliii and 
 Chase never became residents here, although 
 largely interested iu tlie town site. Mathew Tai- 
 sey is now in Missouri, whither he removed sev- 
 eral years suice. Alljert Taisey removed to Lake 
 City, and has distuignished himself as a promi- 
 nent organizer of societies of the Labor League 
 throughout the state, notably so during the year 
 1 880. A brother of Albert (Milton Nobles Taisey) 
 is well remembered Ijy the old settlers of Green- 
 wood, as an active yomig man, with more appar- 
 ent relish for the city than the forest. His dra- 
 matic talent led him to seek a place behind tlie 
 footliglits. and for that puiiiose he left the rural 
 Ixime. and for a lime was lost to his former friends 
 aud associates: but a few years ago lie appeared 
 as tlie manager of a theatrical troupe, under the 
 name of Milton Nobles, having dropped the family 
 name, Taisey. 
 
 John B. Edgar dieil on his farm east of the old 
 town site about eight years ago. 
 
 Greo. F. Ames made a claim opposite the pres- 
 ent \illage of Kockford in the fall of 1855, and 
 moved his family here early the following year. 
 The first year ov two lie lived on tlie Rockford 
 side, but afterward liuilt a house on the Green- 
 wood side, where he lived, leading an active 
 life until his death in the fall of 1878. It was 
 his cajiital and energy that built and put iu 
 operation the Kockford Mills, to which the place 
 is largely indebted for its present growth and 
 prosperity. He also built the first carding-mill, 
 which has since developed into tlie present Rock- 
 ford Woolen Mills. He first built a small shop 
 for general work, and put iu machinery for turn- 
 ing broom-handles and other light articles. To 
 this he soon addeda carding-machine, from which 
 small beginning the factory has grown. Mrs. 
 Ames still occupies the old homestead, from 
 which pleasant location can be seen the monu- 
 ments of her deceased partner's industry and en- 
 terprise. 
 
 John F. Powers remained at Greenwood iiiifil 
 ISHS, when he removed to Delano. Wright county, 
 at the time the railroad reached that place, and 
 opened the first hotel at that station. The build- 
 ing was moved from Greenwood, and did ser\ice
 
 314 
 
 mSTOBT OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 at its new location until supplanted by one of 
 more generous proiwrtions. Mr. Powers is still a 
 resilient of Delano, tliough not actively engaged 
 in business. 
 
 Jas. D. Yoimg. removed to :Minneapolis in 
 ]8o7, remaining something more than a year-, 
 during which time he was largely engaged 
 in suneyiug and platting in tlie city, west of the 
 river. In 1858 he retmned to Greenwood, and in 
 1862. purcha.sed a farm south of the town site, 
 upon wliich he resided until 1871, when he re- 
 moved to Delano, and rented the hotel of John 
 F. Powers. lie afterward purchased the building, 
 and in 1879. built in its stead the tine hotel he 
 now occupies. 
 
 Wm. C. Gould has remained hi the town since 
 his tiret coming, except a short residence in Kock- 
 ford. during the war. He is now located on a farm 
 on section 28. west of Rockford. L. Allais re- 
 moved to Rockford some years since, and in 1876 
 built and opened the Centennial Hotel, which he 
 still occupies. Thos. R. Briggs removed to 
 "Wright coimty, and is now a prominent lawyer at 
 Howard Lake. Andrew Thompson, still owns a 
 fine, well cultivated farm on section 28, east of 
 Rockford, but has removed with his family to the 
 west part of the State, where he and his sons have 
 seemed quite a large tract of land, which they are 
 fast developing mto a fine gi-ain and stock farm. 
 Christian Sipe is stiU a resident of the town, 
 and in the enjoyment of the comforts secm-ed by 
 his early effort and enteiiirise. 
 
 AV. ^y. Hall is pleasantly located on the north 
 shore of Lake Sarah, section 34. He has been an 
 active member of the community, and always in- 
 terested in matters pertaining to the welfare of 
 the town. 
 
 Martin Conzet has also been one of the active 
 citizens of the to\vn, and is now pleasantly located 
 near the south line of section 33. 
 
 W. P. C. Hawk removed several years ago to 
 AVright count>". and is now a farmer near "Wil- 
 mar. Kandiyohi county. 
 
 Adam Hohenstein located on section 11, where 
 he now resides upon his original claim, which his 
 industry has developed into one of the best farms 
 in the town. 
 
 Nathaniel Moore first located near the present 
 \-illage of Cokato, hi Wright county, and the ti-act 
 since known as Moore's Prairie, stiU senses to per- 
 
 petuate the remembrance of this sturdy pioneer, 
 and lionored citizen. Two of liis sons, A. P. and 
 Henry, are still residents of "Wright coimty, and 
 among its most prominent citizens. Their father 
 removed to Greenwood at an early date, and set- 
 tled on section 27, where he died several years 
 since. His widow still occupies the old home- 
 stead. 
 
 Mi-s. Anil Cuimingham stiU occupies the old 
 place on section 28. and her declining years are 
 rendered pleasant by the faithful care and solici- 
 tude of her son, John Cunningham, who also 
 ranks among the early settlere, and has, for seve- 
 ral yeai's past, held the office of town clerk. 
 
 Henn- Greeluig, on section 10, is among the 
 earliest settlers, and has always been active in ad- 
 vancmg the general interests of the community, 
 and holds a prominent place in the Gennan ele- 
 ment of the town. 
 
 Carl Haflten settled on section 23, near the lake 
 which bears liis name. Adjoining his farm is that 
 of Clulstian Scheudel, whose land also borders upon 
 a lake bearing his name, and connected with Haff- 
 ten Lake by small stream of about eighty rods 
 lengtli. 
 
 Benjamin Lawrence settled ou section 34. and 
 has since opened up ttoee other fanns. finally set- 
 tUng upon his present place, on section 28. Few, 
 if any, of the early settlers can recall more bard- 
 ships or privations endured than his record shows, 
 among which was the total loss of his household 
 goods, provisions, etc.. by fire, which destroyed 
 his bouse whUe the family were absent from home. 
 
 John O'Mera came here early in 1858. first rent- 
 ing a farm for one year, then purchasing his pres- 
 ent farm, on section 28. He has held the office 
 of Supervisor for two years. Town clerk fifteen 
 years, and Clerk of his school district for eighteen 
 yeai's. His farm is one of the best in the comity. 
 and he is fast gaining prominence as a successfiU 
 stock grower, to wliich his principal attention is 
 now given. 
 
 A. B. Dorniau is comfortably located on section 
 31, the only remainmg one of the original settlers 
 on the old towii site of the defiuict city of Green- 
 wood, and the ground once designed for a busy 
 mait is tiuiied by his plow-share, in the cultiva- 
 tion of his farm, of which it foims a part. About 
 one-half the original plat is included in his farm; 
 the balance is owned by other parties. Mr. Dor-
 
 GREENWOOD— ORGANIZATION— CHUBCHE8, ETC. 
 
 315 
 
 man has been almost constantly in the service of 
 the town in some official capacity, serving as super- 
 visor for several years, and Jnstice of the Peace 
 for the past twenty years, besides his official con- 
 nection with tlie public schools. In lS40,he mar- 
 ried Mrs. Susan C. Northup, who lias borne him 
 three children : Homer "W., Harriet E., and Willie 
 N. Of these, Harriet E. married O. C. Willcutt, 
 and, in 1870, died. Homer is now on the farm 
 with his father, as is also Willie, who is mamed. 
 Mr. Dorman is now seventy years old, but in the 
 full possession of his faculties, and as genial a 
 companion as in the earlier days of his man- 
 hood. 
 
 A. J. Robeils settled his family liere as early as 
 1857, but did not settle down to farming, himself, 
 until about 1864, being engaged in trapping and 
 tradbig previous to that date. Albert Roberts, 
 his son, settled here in 1866, and soon became one 
 of the prominent public men of the town. He 
 has twice been elected chairman of the town 
 board, eight times elected assessor, and was the 
 census enumerator for his town in the years 187.5 
 and 1880. In the fall of 1880. he was elected as 
 representative of liis district to the state legisla- 
 ture, on the Kepublican ticket. 
 
 TOAVN ORGANIZATION. 
 
 Like most of tlie towns throughout tlie count) . 
 Greenwood hastened to embrace the privilege af- 
 forded by the admission of the state, and a legal 
 organization was effected at a meeting held on the 
 nth of May, 1858, at whicli the following officers 
 were elected: SupeiTisors. J. R. Ames, chahinan, 
 H. G. Fen-ell, William C. Hawk ; Clerk, Thomas 
 R. Briggs; Assessor, Benjamin Lawrence; Col- 
 lector, R. W. Currier ; Justices, D. R. Farnham 
 and Clinton Howe ; Constables, John O'Mera and 
 Volney S. Britt ; Overseer of Poor, Andrew 
 Thompson. Tlie town expenses for the first year 
 were $115. Several of the above list of officers 
 are now residents of Wright county, a few only 
 remaining in Greenwood. 
 
 CHTJRCHE.S. 
 
 Tlie American element of (iieeiiwood mainly 
 find church affiUiation at Rockford. Tlie Ger- 
 man element is aliout equally divided between 
 the Lutheran, and Methodist churches, and both 
 have erected houses of worship. 
 
 CHURCH BUILDINGS. 
 
 The German Methodist society have a comfort- 
 able building on section 12, erected about eight 
 years since. The society is quite numerous, and 
 weekly service is maintained in their church. 
 
 The Lutheran church, on section 11, was built 
 four jears ago. It is a commodious wood struct- 
 ure, and furnishes ample room for tlie congi-ega- 
 tion wliich assembles for seiTice each Sabbath. 
 A parsonage has been erected near the church, on 
 the opposite side of tlie road, and on the north is 
 the cemetery, estaijlished about tlie time the 
 society was organized. 
 
 SCHOOLS. 
 
 From the little baud of juveniles who formed 
 the first school, in 1856. the mcreased population 
 now supports four entire school districts, and 
 sliares jointly with two others located mainly in 
 lnde|)endence. District No. 76 has a good school 
 building on section 28; District No. 77, on section 
 25; District No. 75, on section 14; and District 
 No. 74, on section 12. 
 
 STATISTICAL. 
 
 Greenwood has an area of 13,460 acres, the 
 assessed valuation of which is ?157,947. Its per- 
 sonal propeity is assessed at $20,088, and its taxes 
 for ISSO were SI .9-56, all showing a healthy de- 
 velopment since its first settlement in the not 
 distant past. 
 
 OFKICI.iL ROSTEIi. 
 
 The oflicers elected for 1880 were: Supervisors. 
 George W. SlieUey, chairman, John Jacobs and 
 Matliias Ilaiff; Clerk, John Cunningham; Asses- 
 sor, A. Roberts; Justices, A. ^V. Dorman and 
 Ephriam Sipe; Constables, George Shelley and 
 Geo. Ilohenstein. 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL. 
 
 JSlartin Conzet, a native of Switzerland, was 
 l)orn in the year 1829, and emigiated to America 
 in 1847. He worked at the carpenter's trade in 
 Dubuque, Iowa, six years, removed to St. An- 
 tliony in 1S.53, and worked at carpentery and cab- 
 inet-making until 1856, when he kept a boarding 
 house. Tlie same year he made a claim, where he 
 now lives. He was elected constable at St. An- 
 thony in 18.55, and lield the office two years; has 
 lield the office of town assessor ten years. At 
 tlie ^Vright comity fair, the family made fort\-
 
 31$ 
 
 HISTOBY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 tteee enti-ies and received eleven premiums. He 
 was married in 1852, to Elizabeth Beaiu-hlein. 
 Tliey liave seven ehiUlren. 
 
 \V. W. Hall was born in Quebec Canada, in 
 ISoii : moved to Minnesota in ISoo. and settled on 
 a farm in Independence : sold it in 1866, iuid 
 bought the one he now occupies. During the 
 Indian troubles he moved to Rockford and 
 worked on the stockade, which was built for pro- 
 tection of tlie settlei-s. He assisted in organizing 
 the town of Independence, and held the oliice of 
 supervisor for two yeare, and one year in (Jreen- 
 wood. He is now manufacturing amber cane 
 s\Tup. Married in 18o4. to Harriet Bisho]>. Tliey 
 liave nine children. 
 
 Adam Hohenstein was l)orn in (.Jerniaux . in 1 832. 
 and emigrated to America m 1850. He was en- 
 gaged three yeai's in the baker's trade, in Xew 
 York; worked at farming in McIIemy county, 
 Illinois, three years : then nio\ed to Miimesota in 
 1856, and located on his i)resent farm. He has 
 been town supervisor eleven yeai's, town clerk 
 seven yeai's. and treasurer two > eai's. He was 
 drafted in 1864. and ordered to l'ompaii> A. Third 
 ilinnesota : was mustered out in IStio. lie was 
 married in 1858, to Caroline Glaser. They have 
 seven children living. 
 
 tJeorge Hohenstein was born in (■ierniau). in 
 1848, and came with his parents to this counti'y 
 four years hiter. The> remained in Xew York 
 until 1854. w ben tliey removed to Illinois, and in 
 1861 came to Minnesota, and located on their 
 present farm. He was married in 1M78. to Miss 
 Louisa Bechtle. of Germany. They have foiu' 
 children : Ida.' Martha. Lotiisa and Christian. 
 Mr. Hohenstein has held the olHce of constable 
 for eight yeai's. 
 
 Carl Ilafften was born in tTermany in 1.S28. 
 His father died in 1849. and in 1852. Carl went 
 with his mother to Canada. In 1857. they moved 
 to Minnesota, and settled in Green-nood. where he 
 has since lived. He has a fine farm located near 
 lakes Ilafften and Scheudel. He has l)een engaged, 
 for tlie past ti\e seasons, in the manufacture t)f 
 Amlier Cane Syrap, turning out from eight him- 
 dred to one thousand gallons per year. In 1852. 
 he married Maria Holt/, of Germany. They have 
 had sixteen chiklien. Those li\-ing are : Charles. 
 August, John. William. Louis. Albert. Rol)ert. 
 Emma. Frederick, ilatilda. Ilenrv and Mary. 
 
 John Jacobs, one of the earlv settlers of this 
 county, is a native of Wales, born in 1835. He 
 emigrated to the Ignited States, -with his parents. 
 in 1843. and located in Oneida county. Xew York, 
 where his father died. He removed to Wisconsin 
 in 1851, and engaged in lumbering until 1858, 
 when he removed to Minnea]K>lis. Minnesota. He 
 enUsted in Coinp. B. 6th Begt. Inf.. and served 
 against the Indians until 1864, when he went 
 South, where he was taken sick, and mustered 
 out. He was married in 1864. to iliss Matilda 
 iMcKinley of Wright county. They have had 
 four children, three of whom are living: William, 
 Xettie and Belle. Lizzie B. died. Mr. Jacobs 
 has held the office of town supervisor, two years. 
 
 John 0"^lera was born in Vermont, in 1828. 
 He moved to Mimiesota in 1857, stopped in Minne- 
 apolis one \ ear. and locating on his jiresent farm 
 in 185!1, turned his attention to stock raising, to 
 some extent. He has been town supervisor two 
 years; Clerk fifteen > eai's. and school clerk eigh- 
 teen years. In 18-55 he married Miss F. M. 
 Emory. They have seven children. 
 
 Albert Boberts, a native of Maine, was born in 
 1844. lie enlisted in 1862. hi Company C. twen- 
 tieth Elaine Regmieiit, was in the battles of 
 White Mountain. Antietam. Frederickslnirg, Get- 
 tysburg and Cold Harbor. At the latter place he 
 received a gun shot wimnd in the face, carrying 
 the ball for nearly two months before it could be 
 exti'acted. He gi'aduated at Eastman's Commercial 
 College, Poughkeepsie. Xew York, in 1866. 
 Mo\ed to Miimesota and settled on his present lo- 
 cation. He has been chairman of tne Board of 
 Supervisors two years, assessor eight > eare. and 
 was enumerator in 1875 and 1880. He maiTied 
 in 1868, Isabella M. McKimllx . Tliey have four 
 chilth-en living. 
 
 Ephriaui Sipe was born in Pennsylvania, in 
 1848. He moved to Minnesota in 1857, and re- 
 mained with his parents until 1880, when he lo- 
 cated on his present farm. He has held the of- 
 fices of towii supervisor one year, school direc- 
 tor live > eai's, and is Justice of the Peace at the 
 present time. His school advantages were 
 limited to a period of fifteen months, but by close 
 application he has gained knowledge sufficient to 
 fiU the different offices with credit. In 1880 he 
 married ^Margaret Husted. of Corcoran, who was 
 born April 2;ith, 1863.
 
 COBCOBAN- FIRST SETTLEMENT. 
 
 317 
 
 CORCORAN. 
 
 CHAPTEIl LI. 
 
 OENEEAL DESCRIPTION — FIKST SETTLKJIEN'J — 
 EARLY EVENTS— ORGANIZATION— CHURCHES 
 SCHOOL POST-OFFICES STORES OFFI- 
 CIAL ROSTER — STATISTICS— BIOGRAPHICAL. 
 
 Tlie township of Corcoran is located in tlie 
 nortli-western part of Hennepin county, and is 
 )«iiui(le<l on tlie north by Hassan, east by Maple 
 Grove, south by Medina and west by Greenwood. 
 Its surface is rolling, in the south part lilutty. 
 It is heavily timbered with hard and soft maple, 
 oak, elm and basswood. There iire occasional 
 patches of wild meadow-land, which produce a 
 good (luality of grass. The soil is light in tlie 
 south part, in tlie central part it is a heavy black 
 loam, and lighter in the north part, with a clay 
 sidisoil throughout, producing wheat, barley, oats 
 and corn abundantly. Amber cane is grown to 
 some extent. Juberfs Lake, the largest body of 
 water in the the town, is located on sections 
 twenty-nine and thirty-two; there are two other 
 small lakes that are unnamed, one located in the 
 southern part, and the other in the western yiart 
 of the town. 
 
 FIRST SETTLEMENT. 
 
 Benjamhi Pounder, was the tirst man to enter 
 the unbroken wilderness, and commenced in IH.'w 
 to lay the foundation of what is now the nourish- 
 ing town of Corcoran. He was followed in a few 
 days by P. 15. Corcoran, one of the founders of 
 the town. He was accompanied by Morris R.\an, 
 who died in 1878; his family still reside here. 
 
 Mr. P. B. Corcoran is one of those men who 
 are justly entitled to more than a passing notice, 
 and we regret tliatour limits will not permit, as 
 much as we desire to write of this eiiterprisuig 
 pioneer. He threaded his way on foot into this 
 then wilderness, witli but one hand to lielp liini, 
 having lost his right hand in a lumber-mill in the 
 
 state of New York. With his left hand he 
 stuck his stake on section twenty-three, and com- 
 menced to liuild around it, adding acre to acre 
 until he now is the jxissessor of six hundred and 
 forty (640) of them, which gradually yielded to 
 his intelligent and aggressive strokes, until tlie 
 wild stillness that surrounded him had been con- 
 verted into the busy hum of an intelligent and 
 advancing civilization. 
 
 His next care was the school, which engaged 
 his attention, and in two years after his arrival, 
 he organized a school, built the rude log Temple 
 which he dedicated to the Muses, and to prevent 
 any misdu'ection of his intentions. i>resided over 
 it himself, cultivating the young minds commit- 
 ted to his care, more carefully, tluin he did the 
 soil on his chosen and loved homestead. He con- 
 tinued it for three months. This was the tirst 
 school taught in the town. His organizing genius 
 has made itself felt throughout all the multifa- 
 rious affairs of the town. His acknowledged 
 abilities have been recognized bv tlic citizens, 
 who have expressed it. by electing him supervisor 
 for twelve years, and so evenly does he hold the 
 scales of Justice, that he has been called to hold 
 them for fourteen years, making decisions that 
 would honor the Ermine of the higher courts, for 
 all law is based on common sense, which desira- 
 ble (|uality he possesses in an eminent degree. 
 His next enterprise was a store, which he started 
 in a log house with thatched roof, and located on 
 the west side of his farm. The busmess in- 
 creased so rapidly that he was obliged to build a 
 larger one \\\t\\ a sliiuged roof. He located it 
 on the east side of his farm, and in a few years 
 was oVdiged to build a still larger one. It is 30x40 
 feet, two-stories, making a hall of the upjier story 
 which is used for town meetings, pnlilic enter- 
 tamments, etc. He was the first postmaster in 
 the town, which office he still holds. 
 
 Tlie settlers with Patrick B. Corcoran were
 
 318 
 
 HISTOHY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 William Corcoran, who setttled on section twen- 
 ty-three. Joseph Dejardins. who settled on section 
 nint«en, which he afterwards sokl, and now 
 lives on section twenty-six. Two brothers 
 named Pounder, and a Mr. Isaac Bartlett, 
 John McDoimell. Francis iMorin. Frederick Kein- 
 king and Fred Sclmette, all taking claims in 
 1855. They were followed in 1856, by Joseph 
 Dupont, who settled on section 19, Hugh Keran, 
 who settled on section 26. and Joseph Moriu, who 
 settled on section 27. Peter Wemand came m 
 the spring of 1856, and settled on section 17. Mr. 
 Weinaud is one of the prominent men of the 
 town, whose wise coimsels have contributed 
 largely to its growth and prosperity. His ripe expe- 
 rience and liberal muid. has entitled him to the 
 confidence, not only of Ms fellow countiTmen, 
 but of all the citizens of the town where he has 
 resided since its earliest settlement. In short, he 
 s one of the "Solons" of the town and represent- 
 ative district, in which he Uves; having tilled 
 every office of honor and trust. He was twee 
 elected to the state legislatiu-e from liis dis- 
 trict. Mr. John Kleresy came in 1855, and 
 settled on section 7, now living on section 2. He 
 is the peer of Mr. Weinand. having filled the 
 various offices in the town, and for several yeare 
 was chairman of the board of supei-visors. He is 
 full of puVilic spiiit. and a leader in everytliing 
 tending to the growth of the town. He. as one 
 of the supervisoi's, with P. B. Corcoran, as chau-- 
 man of the board, laid out the first road in the 
 town — the ilinneapolis and Monticello state road. 
 in 1858. Others came about this time, among 
 them Matthew AVeinand, Martin Dellis, Michael 
 Weir and Joseph May, all relatives excepting 
 Weir, and all settled in tlie north-west part of the 
 towrn. 
 
 Old ^Ir. and Mrs. Weinand are still living, also 
 old ilr. and Mrs. ilay. parents of Joseph Ma\. 
 Martin Dellis is still living on his original claim. 
 William Corcoran and Patrick Bm-ke came in 
 July. ISoo. and both are no\\' living on the claims 
 first made. Several others came that year, but 
 went away mid subsequently retiuTied. The first 
 French .settlers in 1855 were Michael Patnode 
 and his son Peter, Stephen and George Aicham- 
 beau, Michael and Peter Raymond, Joseph Du- 
 pont, Joseph Scott, and other's ; all settling in the 
 south part of the town. Mr. Patnode died in 
 
 1861. and his wife, four or five years later. Peter 
 is now living on section 22. Stephen and George 
 Archambeau moved to Faribault two yeai-s after 
 making their claim. Michael and Peter Raymond 
 live on their origmal claim, on section 20. Joseph 
 Dupont li^■es ou his first claim, on section 19 ; has 
 been postmaster smce July 4th, 1875. The post- 
 office, called •■ Dupont," taking its name fi-om 
 the present official, who is a highly esteemed 
 citizen of the toviii. Joseph Scott died on his 
 claim, in section 29, and the farm is now owned 
 by Ids son, D. Scott. The same year. Frank 
 Gagne settled on section 27. He was one of tha 
 earliest settlers on the resenation near Mimie- 
 apolis, a little southeast of the present site. He 
 had some trouble over a contested claim there, 
 finally sold it and came here with his brother, 
 Joseph, who settled on section 27. and is still 
 living here. 
 
 EARLY EVENTS. 
 
 Benjamin Pomider built he first house m the 
 town, in 1855, on section 25, near the towii line, 
 and occupied it about two years, when Robert Ad- 
 cock occupied it imtil he could build on his own 
 claim ; then Thomas Adcock's widow occupied it 
 until 1370. The old hotise is still standing, as a 
 landmark, though in a dilapidated condition. Its 
 builder died October IStb, 1875. Resolutions of 
 respect and regret at his loss were adopted at a 
 meetuig held at the district school-house, De- 
 cember 11th, 1875, which were published in the 
 AVeekly Tribmie and Farmere" Union. He had 
 been clerk of the district from its firet org-aniza- 
 tion, m 1858. Was univer.s;illy respected by the 
 commiuiity in which he lived. His w idow. Eliz- 
 abeth Poimder. still lives on the old homestead. 
 
 The first blacksmith shop was bxult by Louis 
 Berthaume, ou section 21, about nmeteen years 
 ago. He operated it eight years, and then moved 
 to Osseo. The second one was built by P. B. Cor- 
 conm, on section 23, a little west of his present 
 resideuce,and operated mitil he built a new one just 
 east of his house, employing workmen up to the 
 time he le^ised it to Xelson Deroche, who is now 
 operating it, and doing good work. 
 
 The fii-st birth was James J. Corcoran, son of 
 AVilliam Corcoran, born Febniary 22d, 1856. He 
 now livuig in Austin, Mimiesota. 
 
 The first maniage was that of John McDonald 
 to Sarah Crawford, in 1857.
 
 COBCORAN— CHURCHES— SCHOOLS. 
 
 319 
 
 The first deatli was Nicholas O'Brien, ui 1858, 
 who died at the lioiise of his daughter, Mrs. Fox, in 
 tlie north part of tlie town, aged eiglity-tive years. 
 
 The first seliool in tlie town was taught by P. 
 B. Corcoran, in a log house erected on his own 
 land, in 1857. 
 
 ORGANIZATION. 
 
 The town was organized at a meeting held at 
 the house of P. B. Corcoran, May llth, 1858, 
 when Israel Dorman was made temjiorary Chair- 
 man, John Molan, Moderator, and Pat Braw 
 temporary Clerk. Officers elected were: Super- 
 visors, Israel Dorman, Chairman, P. B. Corcoran, 
 John P. Kleresy; Town Clerk, Pat Braw; Assess- 
 or, Thomas Riley; Collector, Michael Patnode; 
 Overseer of the Poor, Francis Garnieeii; Justices 
 of the Peace, Israel Dorman and Peter Patnode; 
 Constables, J. Burret and John Coon. At this 
 meeting, the town was named Corcoran, in honor 
 of P. B. Corcoran, its founder. 
 
 CHURCHES. 
 
 Catholic church, located on section two. on the 
 north Une, was organized in 1856, and is the old- 
 est church in the town. Services are occasionally 
 held m it. Also have a cemetery in counection 
 with the church. 
 
 Saint Thomas Catholic Church is located on 
 section 15, and was organized in ISotj. It was 
 started by the Irish memliers from the first men- 
 tioned church, and assisted by the Germans. 
 F.irst officiating priest, Father Jennis, who started 
 with about thirty famiUes. It has continued to 
 grow in numbers, until it now has about fort\- 
 ttve families with Father Hays as priest. 
 
 Saint John's French Catholic Church was es- 
 tablished in 1873, by the French element from 
 Samt Thomas Church. The first priest was Father 
 Ladriere; present priest, Father Boucher. Tliis 
 church has about forty families, who attend its 
 meetings. 
 
 German Evangelical Association. This church 
 is located on the north-east corner of section 12, 
 and eml)raees twents' or thii-ty families from Cor- 
 coran and Maple (irove. 
 
 The Lutheran Church is located on section 13, 
 and was erected about fifteen years ago, now has 
 a large congi-egation. There is a school held in 
 the church for the study of the German language, 
 about six months hi the year, attended by pupils 
 from Corcoran and Maple Grove. 
 
 SCHOOLS. 
 
 The first school in the town was taught by P. 
 B. Corcoran, in a log house 12x16, in the winter 
 of 1857, with about sixteen scholars. This build- 
 ing was used for about four years, when the pres- 
 ent building was erected in district No. 65. 
 School disti-ict No. 64, house located on section 
 29. School district No. 107, house located on 
 section 7. Jomt school district No. 67, house 
 located on section 4. School district No. 66, 
 house located on section 10. There are besides, 
 four joint districts with other towiis. 
 
 POST-OFFICES. 
 
 The first post-nfiice was established on section 
 23, P. B. Corcoran postmaster. He has held the 
 office since it was first established, with weekly 
 mail route from Osseo to Rockford, on Saturda>-. 
 Dupont post-office, on section 19, was established 
 in 1875. Joseph Dupont, postmaster, has held 
 the office since its estaljlishment. 
 
 STORES. 
 
 P. B. Corcoran established a store on the south- 
 east part of section 23, m 1863, and now has the 
 largest stock of general merchandise in the town. 
 
 Mr. E. Iluot established one on section 21, four 
 years ago, with a fair stock of goods. 
 
 OFFICIAL ROSTER. 
 
 At a town meetuig held in April, 1880, the fol- 
 lowing officers were elected : Supen'isors, Thomas 
 Corcoran, chairman. Octave Dupere, Joseph Pot- 
 vin ; Town Clerk, Peter Patnode ; Assessor, 
 •lohn Molan ; Treasurer, John McDonald ; Jus- 
 tices, Peter 'Weinand and James Corcoran ; Con- 
 stables, John Gaurs and Octave Dupere. 
 
 STATISTICS. 
 
 Whole number of acres, 22,948 ; valuation of 
 land, S271,722; valuation of personal iiropert\. 
 S4S,SH3. Taxes for 1880, §2,614. 
 
 The population of the township is, by the last 
 census, 1,078. There were, according to report 
 for 1880, horses over two yearsold, 404 ; cattle over 
 two years old, 658 ; number of sheep, 625 ; number 
 of hogs, 571 ; acres sown to wheat, 3,300. 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL. 
 
 Robert Adcock, a native of Norfolk, England, 
 was born in 1827. He emigrated to America in 
 1849, and li\ed in Boston, Massachusetts, six
 
 320 
 
 HISTORY OF HEN SEP ly COUNTY. 
 
 yeai-s: lie moved to Minnesota in 185o. made one of 
 tlie lii'st claims in Corroian. and is now the oldest 
 living settler in the town. In IHoo lie was mar- 
 ried to Maif;aiet Bulk. They have six childi-en: 
 Thomas F.. Mary E.. {Jeoiire W..John. Ruth M. 
 and James. 
 
 Octave Boucher was born hi Quebec, Canada, m 
 1.s4l'. He lived there until twelve year's of age. 
 In 18.5li he came to Muinesota with his parents, 
 who took a claim ui Plymouth. He enlisted in 
 1863, in Hatch s Battallion. Company B". :Minne- 
 sota Volnnteei>!. and went north during the In- 
 dian outbreak. sta\ ed three years, and was dis- 
 charged at Fort Snellmg in 1866. He bought the 
 farm, in 1867. wliere he now lives. The same 
 year he married Delaiiia Greenwood, by whom 
 he has had five children. , 
 
 Patrick B. Corcoran, is a native of Ireland, 
 where he was bom ui 1825. During the Irish fam- 
 ine he occupied the position of Government re- 
 lief officer. In 1847 he emigrated to America ; 
 went to Maine and stayed about two years. In 
 184i) he went to New York, where, for live years 
 he was engaged as sawyer in a lumber mill; 
 while there, he lost his right hand. In 1855 he 
 came to Minnesota. and after prospecting for a time, 
 located where he now lives. He was one of 
 the tli-st settlers in this town, which was named 
 for him. In 1863 he started a store, and has been 
 IKist master suice that time. He built a new 
 store in 1867, to accommodate his increasuig 
 bnsiness. :Mr. Corcoran has tilled the offices of 
 Justice of the Peace for fourteen years, and 
 Town Supervisor t\\ ehe years : he also organized 
 and taught the first school in the town. Married 
 in 1851, Anna Freehan. They have eight chil- 
 dren. 
 
 AVilliam Corcoran, a native of Cork count\. 
 Ireland, was bom in 1821. In 1847 he came to 
 America, landed ui Boston, Massachnsetts, and 
 lived there two \ears ; moved to Bntl'alo. Xew 
 York, and stayed one year, then moved to Min- 
 nesota in 1855, and located in Corcoran, where he 
 now lives. He has lilled all offices of trust ui the 
 town. In 1854 he was married to Catherine Craw- 
 ford, by whom he has had live diildieu, four are 
 now living. In 1863 Mi's. Corcoran died, and in 
 1 866 he married Mary Burke. 
 
 Dennis Daniel was born in Montreal, Can- 
 ada, in 1825. In 1842 he moved t« Vermont 
 
 where he worked ten yeare at farming. In 1852 
 he went to Canada again and stayed one year. 
 Came to Mimiesota in 1853, and worked on the 
 river at Stillwater three yeaK, then went to Ar- 
 kansas, and was engaged in lumbering three yeai's. 
 He moved to Bt. Paul and stayed from 1859 to 
 1866, when he came to Corcoran and Iwught the 
 farm on which he now lives. He was mamed in 
 1854. to Mrs. Mar\ Hennesee. wlio had three 
 children. 
 
 Joseph Degardins was born in Quebec in 1835. 
 where he lived for se\ enteen years, when he went 
 to Bangor. Maine, and worked at liuuberhig two 
 year's. In 1854 he moved to Minnesota and 
 worked in the woods until the spring of 18-55, 
 when he came to Corcoran and made a claim in 
 section 19 ; sold part of it and made another ou 
 section 26. where he now lives. He enlisted in 
 a Minnesota regiment in 1862, and served three 
 yeai's against the Indians, was ilischarged at Fort 
 Snelling. July 1861, he was mamed to Miss T. 
 Scott. They are the parents of si.x ehUilren. 
 
 Moses Dufour was l)oiii in Quebec. Canada, in 
 1832, and lived there eighteen yeai's. In 1851 he 
 went to Mauie and worked at lumbering live 
 > ear's, to St. Anthony in 1856. went ni> the river 
 and worked in the pineries live years, after which 
 he spent seven yeai's among the Chippewa Indi- 
 ans as intei'iM'eter for traders. In 1870 he bought 
 tlie farm where he now lives, ilanied Rosette 
 Lasart, by whom he has had five children. 
 
 Joseph Diipont, a native of Montreal, Canada.' 
 was bom in 1831. He lived there seventeen 
 yeai's, when he moved to 'N'ermont and stayed 
 eight years. In 1856 he came to Minnesota, and 
 made a claim in Corcoran, where he has since 
 resided. He was married in 1859. to Angelina 
 Fortin. They have six children now living. In 
 1863. Mr. and Mi's. Dnix)nt visited their nati\e 
 home, remaining aliout ten months. 
 
 Hugh Keran, born in Irelaml in 1818, came to 
 America in 1849, landed in New York and stayed 
 there luitil 1850, when he went to Buffalo. In 
 1856 he moved to Minnesota, and bought the 
 farm he now lives on. He nianied. in 1 862. Mar- 
 garet Branagau, by whom he has had two chil- 
 dren. 
 
 John McDonnell is a native of M'aterford 
 comity, Ireland, where he was born in 1835. He 
 emigi'ated to America in 1852. and settled in
 
 COBCORAN— BIOGRAPHICAL. 
 
 321 
 
 Orange comity, New York ; remained there two 
 years, then went to Wisconsin and lived one 
 >ear; from there lie eanie to Minnesota and 
 made a claim in Corcoran, in 185.5. He lived in 
 Minneapolis in 1856. and in 1857 went to his 
 claim, where he has since resided. He held the 
 office of town supervisor one year, and town 
 treasurer seven years. He married, in 1856, 
 Sarah Crawford, by whom he has had ten children. 
 
 Francis Morin w'as born in Quebec, in 1826, and 
 lived there twenty years. He moved to Lake 
 Superior in 1846, worked in the copper and iron 
 mines for three years, and then returned to Que- 
 bec. In 1851 he moved to St. Anthony and 
 stayed four years, when he came to Corcoran and 
 has since resided here. He was married in 1863 
 to Alice O'Hearn. He is the father of seven chil- 
 dren. 
 
 Joseph Morin was bom in Montreal, in 1810. 
 He lived there thirty years ; went to Michigan in 
 1840, stayed about one year, then worked four 
 years at Lake Superior as ship-wright. Married, 
 in 1844, Lissette Landeau. In 1845 he started 
 for Minnesota with a birch bark canoe ; and 
 accompanied by his wife, followed the Black 
 river fifteen days, then they packed their few 
 things and he carried tlie canoe, on foot, to the 
 St. Croix river, whicli they reached in one day ; 
 they followed it to the Mississippi, thence to St. 
 Paul, where they remained eleven years. Moved 
 to Corcoran in 1856, and have since resided here. 
 They have nine children. 
 
 David Noonan, a native of Ireland, was born in 
 1820. He lived there thirty years, and came to 
 America in 1850. He went to Philadelphia, 
 where he remained six years, then removed to 
 Iowa for one year, and in 1857 came to Corcoran, 
 where he has since resided. Manied, in 1863, 
 Margaret Hayes. They have one daughter. 
 
 Jacob Oswald was born in Pennsylvania, Octo- 
 ber 18-50. He lived there six years, and in 1856, 
 moved to Minnesota with his parents, with whom 
 he lived until seventeen years of age, when his 
 father bought a farm for him and his brother. 
 In 1873 he bought the farm he now lives on. He 
 married in 1873, Caroline Kothrada, by whom he 
 has four children. 
 
 Christian Ranking was born in Prussia, in 1835. 
 He lived there twenty-four years ; moved to Ame- 
 rica in 1859, and settled in Corcoran, where he 
 21 
 
 now resides. He was drafted in 1865, into the 
 Second Minnesota Regiment, and was discharged 
 at Washington, at the close of the war. In 1860 
 he married Katrine Heagleman. They have ten 
 children living. 
 
 Frederich Reinking, a native of Prussia, was 
 born in 1827. He emigrated to America in 1847: 
 stopped in Baltimore five months, then went to 
 Pittsburg and remained seven years, working on 
 a steamboat. In 1855 he moved to St. Paul, 
 thence to Corcoran where he has since lived. His 
 wife was Charlotte Schafer; by her, he has had 
 eleven children, eight of whom are now living. 
 
 Fred. Schuette was born in Hanover, in 1826. 
 where he lived twenty-one years. He came to 
 America in 1854, resided in Pittsburg eleven 
 months and moved to ilimiesota in 1855; stoi)ped 
 a short time in St. Paul, then came to Corcoran, 
 which has since been his home. In 1863 he joined 
 the Third Minnesota Regiment, went south with 
 it and was gone sixteen months. He married 
 Minnie Schomaker in 1852,by whom he has one son. 
 
 F. W. Webb was born in England, in 184S). 
 and lived there twenty-one years. He emigrated 
 to America in 1870, and settled in Corcoran where 
 he has since resided. He has built a substantial 
 farm-house valued at $1,000. In the fall of 1872 
 he returned to England, and married Elizabeth 
 Barrows; he returned the following spring with 
 his wife to his home in Corcoran. They are the 
 parents of two children. 
 
 Peter Weinand, a native of Germany, was 
 born ui 1838. He emigrated to America in 1852, 
 and settled in Wisconsin; removed to Minnesota 
 in 1856, and in 1858 bought the farm in Corcoran 
 on which he has since lived. In 1877, he was 
 elected representative from the twenty-seventh 
 district, and has held every position of trust in 
 his town. He married, in 1864, Mary Swagert, 
 by whom he has six children. 
 
 August Westphal was born in Prussia, in 1831. 
 He was educated in his native land; graduated 
 from the College of Bromberg, and followed 
 school-teaching for twelve years. Enlisted in 
 the German army in 1851, and served three years 
 in Berlin. He emigrated to America in 1864, 
 settled in Milwaukee and tiinght school. In 
 1866 he came to Minnesota, and finally settled in 
 Corcoran. Married, in 1866, Emily Long, by 
 whom he has had fourteen children.
 
 322 
 
 HISTOBY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY 
 
 MAPLE GR(3VE. 
 
 CHAPTEK LII. 
 
 GEXERAL DESCltlPTIOK — FIRST SETTLEJIENT — 
 
 ORGANIZATION' CHrRCHES LYCEUM 
 
 SCHOOLS — StAXfFACTURES — TOWN HOUSE — 
 CE3IETERIES — ROSTER FOR 1880 — BIOGRAPHI- 
 CAL. 
 
 The town uf Maple Grove is situated in the 
 northern central part of Hennepin county, and is 
 bounded on the nortli hy Dayton and Champlin. 
 east by Brooklyn and Osseo. south by Plymoutli. 
 and west by Corcoran . Ttie surface of the town is 
 rolling, excepting on sections 22 and 23. w here it 
 is bluffy. When first settled, it was heavily tim- 
 bered with a large growth of elm, oak, basswood 
 and maple, the latter grovNlng in large quantities, 
 scattered in such beautiful groves over the town, 
 that it was named ^Maple Grove. The south- 
 eastern portion of the town is covered with a low 
 imderbrush. Bottineau Prairie, west of Osseo, 
 includes half of section 1. all of section 12, one- 
 quarter of section 1 1 , and half of section 13. It 
 is bordered by a narrow belt of brush land. The 
 remaining portion is timber and wild meadow 
 land, with fine rich meadows borderuig on liush 
 Creek. The soil is a black loam -with clay sub-soil, 
 excepting on the east part of the prairie, where it 
 is gravel. Tliere are several lakes in the town, 
 aU well stocked with fish, except Mud Lake; 
 among them are Eagle Lake, in the south-east 
 comer of the town, occupying the gi-eater portion 
 of section Sti: this is the largest lake in the town. 
 Fish Lake is a long and somewhat irregular- 
 shaped body, watermg portions of sections 21, 22, 
 27 and 28. Weaver Lake, on sections 17. is. 19 
 and 20, in the west part, and Rice Lake near the 
 centre, mostly on section 16. Cedai- Island Lake 
 on sections 26 and 27, takes its name from the 
 three islands that it surrounds, which are cov- 
 ered with a small gi-owth of cedar. It is also 
 watered by Elm Creek, which rises in the north- 
 
 eastern part of Plymouth, and flows north-easterly 
 through Rice Lake : thence on in the same direc- 
 tion, emptying into Hayden's Lake, in the towii 
 of Dayton. Rush Creek also flows through the 
 northern portion of the town in an easterlv direc- 
 tion, and forms a junction with Elm Creek on 
 section 34. in Dayton, near the northern bound- 
 ary line of the town. 
 
 FIRST .SETTLEMENT. 
 
 The stillness of the forests which covered much 
 of the territory now embraced within the limits 
 of the towii of Maple Grove, had never been dis- 
 turbed, except by the stealthy tread of the Indian, 
 until Louis P. GaiTais, in 1851 , broke the silence 
 which for ages had per%aded the wilderness. He 
 settled on the southeast quarter of section 12, and 
 sounded the first notes of civilization from that 
 pomt. AVitli his family he labored, battling with 
 the forest and wild beasts, and with the more for- 
 midable AViimebagos, who, two years after his 
 settlement, were removed to their reservation. 
 
 About the same tune came William M. Ewiug, 
 who helped siu-vey the town and name it. Ewing 
 moved to Osseo, in 1857. With the retuemeut of 
 the Indians, the prospects of the settlers bright- 
 ened, and the face of the country was soon dotted 
 with the betterments of a hardy class of pioneers. 
 
 In ilay, 1854, came Han-ey Abel, who, followmg 
 the course of empire, westward, marked liis claim 
 where the Town House now stands, the first west of 
 Bottineau Prairie. He sold his claim and made 
 another, and. full of Yankee enterprise, sold that 
 and made the tliird and last claim, the one on 
 which he now lives, built his log cabin, covered it 
 with bark, and used the same material for floor 
 and tables, cooked for liimself, and lived alone for 
 three years. The same year came A. O, Angell, 
 and settled on section 10, built his cabin of rough 
 logs and covered it w ith liark, split and laid bass- 
 wood slabs for liis floor, and commenced house- 
 keeping. The same year came W. E, Evans, 
 from Chittenden countv. Vermont, and located
 
 MAPLE GBOVE— FIRST SETTLEMENT— CHUBCHES. 
 
 323 
 
 on section 4, where he now lives. He built 
 the first log cabin on the road between Min- 
 neapolis and Crow River. Patrick Devery also 
 ciime in 1854, and located on section 28, where he 
 still lives. lie built him a home, and gathered 
 about him a small stock of cattle. He had one cow 
 stolen and killed by the Indians, who roasted 
 one-half of it, and took the rest away with them, 
 on their way to the battle between the Chippewas 
 and Sioux, at Shakopee, in 1858. 
 
 Late in 1854, O. R. Champlin came and set- 
 tled on section 16. He built his house in the 
 woods, and in the place of bark, which was tlien 
 much in use for covering, used wooden troughs for 
 shingles. 
 
 In 185.5, came J. H. Briggs, who settled on sec- 
 tion 4, in the north part of the town, and built his 
 log house; brought his provisions on his back, 
 from Saint Antliony, a distance of sixteen miles, 
 marked trees being his only guide. The same 
 year came John Cook, and located on section 30. 
 In June of the same year, Luther Iloff came and 
 settled on section 8; he died in October 18fi4. 
 His widow, Mrs. Minerva Hoff, is still living on 
 the place. About the same time came Patrick 
 Darmody and settled on section 31. in tlie soutli- 
 west corner of the town. In the fall of the same 
 year, came William Trott, and settled on sec- 
 tion 10. He lived in a little shanty covered with 
 bark, the first winter, and with the true pioneer 
 pluck, he worked on alone, opening up his farm, 
 until now he has all the evidences of thrift around 
 him. In 185(5, John M. Eddy came from Addi- 
 son county, Vermont, and settled in the north 
 part on section 4, of tlie town, and is now an 
 honored and respected citizen. He has filled the 
 office of town clerk for many years, with credit 
 to liimself and satisfaction to the town. George 
 A. Laflin came from Chittenden county, Ver- 
 mont, in 1856, and settled on section 10, in tlie 
 north part of the town, and is now one of the 
 prominent citizens of Maple Grove. From this 
 date (1856) settlements were quite rapid, and tlie 
 next care was the church and school, the only 
 real foundations upon whicli a community 
 can securely build. The first preaching in the 
 town was at the house of P. B. Xewtou, 
 on section 4, in 1855, by Rev. L. Atkinson, 
 a Baptist. Later, in 1856-7, came the Rev. 
 C. G. Ames and held servi(*s in the iioith part 
 
 of the town, preaching to the Free Will Baptists 
 for about a year. About the same time, came 
 the Rev. Mr. White. Methodist, preaching at the 
 house of P. B. Newton, on section 4. The first 
 school was taught in the summer of 1858, in an 
 old vacant dwelling house on section 4, by Delos 
 Hawkins. The first marriage was that of J. M. 
 Eddy to Mary E. Evans, February 24th, 1857. liy 
 Rev. Lewis Atkinson. 
 
 First birth, Persis, daughter of ^Ir. and Mrs. 
 J. II. Briggs, in the winter of 1855-6. 
 
 First deaths, Alouzo and Melissa Corey, chil- 
 dren of James M. Corey, in the winter of 1855-6. 
 
 ORGANIZATION. 
 
 The first meeting for the purpose of organizing 
 a board of town officers, was held April 11, 1858, 
 at tlie house of Hiram Blowers. Meeting called 
 to order and Hiram Blowers elected Moderator, 
 and J. M. Eddy Clerk. Supervisors, A. C. Aus- 
 tin, Jeremiah Brown, Robert ^\'oodard ; Town 
 Clerk, J. M. Eddy; Assessor, William R. Champ- 
 lin ; Collector, Chauncey Blowers ; Overseer of 
 Poor, P. B. Newton ; Constables, Charles Savage 
 and J. M. Corey ; Justices, William E. Evans 
 and Moses Blowers. 
 
 Previous to this organization a vote was taken 
 on the "Five Million Loan," and every vote in 
 the precinct was against it. 
 
 ini'KcnKS. 
 
 There are two Methodist Episcopal churches 
 in the town, one located on section 17, and built 
 in 1868. A class was formed aliont twenty years 
 ago, and from it has grown the present church. 
 Re\-. ilr. White was the first minister. The sec- 
 ond Methodist Episcopal church is located on 
 section 4, in the north part of the town, and is 
 not yet completed, but in a condition to permit 
 public worship. Both the Methodist churches 
 are now supplied semi-monthly by the pastor 
 from the town of Champlin. 
 
 JNIaiile Grove Catholic Cliurcli is located on 
 section 29, in the south-western part of the town 
 near school No. 45, has been in charge of the Rev. 
 Father, A. Ladriere for the past five years, and 
 has a membership of over a hundred families. 
 
 The Congregationalists had preaching for a few 
 years in the school-house on section 4, by the Rev. 
 A. K. Packard, from Anoka, but for the past 
 seven years have had no regular preaching.
 
 324 
 
 HISTORY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 The Universalists have preaching occasionally 
 in the scliodl-lioiise on section 1. by Revs, (iood- 
 riclianil Ilanington. Tlieie is also an Episcopal 
 seivice conducted semi-monthly at the same 
 place hy the Kev. yir. Pise, of Minneapolis. 
 
 .SOCIETIE.'i. 
 
 T. O. (4. T. This Lodfje was organized in 186-5. 
 They bnilt for their accounnodation .a hall over the 
 school-house in Distiict No. 42, where regnlar 
 meetings were held for several years, and the town 
 rejoiced over the good work it was doing, bnt 
 like all hnman eftVn-ts, it had the germ of decay 
 in it, which fed npon its vitality nntil it finally 
 became entirely extinct. 
 
 MAPLE GKOVK LYCEX^M. 
 
 Was organized in the winter of 1858-9, in the 
 school-house in District 42. In connection with 
 it, was started a paper called the '-^Slaple Grove 
 Watchman," read each week dnruig tlie winter 
 months. It was here the '• Conscript Fathers'' 
 of the town, met to discuss the leading questions 
 of the day — to measure swords in an earnest de- 
 bate, and it is to be hoped, always rishig al)ove 
 the debasing uifineuces of an angi-y discnssion. 
 It grew, and flourished for a time, calling to its 
 aid such men as W. A. Crawford. Assistant Edi- 
 tor of the " New York Graphic,"" who gave them 
 a lecture the first winter of its existence. The 
 " Watchman "" chronicled the events of the town 
 and many were the sharp "home thnists" that 
 bristled from its columns. But its glory is past, 
 and it, like some of its founders has gone to rest. 
 
 SfHOOLS. 
 
 The school system in this town is equal to any 
 in Ileimepin county, wliich is called the banner 
 county of the state. The first school in the town 
 was established on section 4, ui school district No. 
 42, and is now a joint district. The other joint ones 
 are No. lOl, located on section 6, and No. 46, lo- 
 cated on section 27. The entire districts are No. 
 45, located on section 29, No. 44, located on sec- 
 tion 17, and No. UIO, located on section 9. Be- 
 sides these are joint districts Nos. 33, 43 and 45, 
 houses located in other townships. All the school 
 buildings in the town are nearly new and in 
 good repair; 42 and 4ti are ftnnished with patent 
 desks and seats. 
 
 MANrFACTT'RES. 
 
 A small saw-mill was built on Elm Creek, sec- 
 tion 10, in I860, by Franklin Cook and changed 
 to a grist mill in 1868. It now has two nm of 
 stone, one for flour and one for feed, which is a 
 great convenience for the immediate neiglihor- 
 hood. There are in the town, four amber cane 
 mills, owned and located as follows: S. S. Hawk- 
 ins, on section 3; E. P. Woodworth, on section 3; 
 Henry Abel on section 17. and one on section 18, 
 owned by William and James Chapman. Each 
 one of them has a capacity of from eight to 
 sixteen hundred gallons aninially. 
 
 TOWN HOUSE. 
 
 The first building used for a town house, was 
 purchased of Hiram Blowers and fitted up for 
 the use of the town in 1863. It is located on sec- 
 tion 9. It was used until the present building 
 was erected on the site of the old one in 1877. 
 Size. 22x32, one story high, well built and in good 
 condition. 
 
 CE3IETERIES. 
 
 There are three cemeteries in the town, located 
 as follows : One on section 4, established sixteen 
 years ago by an association, as a general burial 
 groi\nd ; and one on the extreme west line of sec 
 tiou 7 ; also one on the north Ime of the same 
 section. 
 
 OFFICIAL ROSTER FOR 1880. 
 
 Supervisors — William E. Evans, chairman, 
 Fred I'auleyand James McConnell ; Town Clerk, 
 J. M. Eddy ; Treasm-er, George A. Laflin ; As- 
 sessor, John A. Conover; Justices, Charles Leon- 
 ard and William E. Evans ; Constables, William 
 Joslin and John Odenbreicht. Whole number of 
 acres, 21 ,318. Valuation of real estate, 8293,162; 
 of personal property, $47,607. Taxes for 1880, 
 53,808. Population in 1880, 1,156. 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL. 
 
 Henry Abel was born in Essex county. New 
 York, May 8th, 1824. He lived there twenty- 
 three >ears, and in Hillsdale, ^lichigan, four 
 years. ^Married Ann E. Lobdell, in 1850; 
 she died in 1852. He came to Minnesota in April, 
 1854, and took a claim in Maple Grove, where 
 the town house now stands. He did the first 
 mason work this side of St. Anthony. He made 
 a claim and sold it ; then made another ; sold
 
 MAPLE OBOVE—BIOOBAPHICAL. 
 
 325 
 
 that, and took tlie one lie now lives on ; built a 
 log house ten feet square and coN-ered it with bark, 
 using the same material for floor and tallies. In 
 1858, he was married to Sarah M. Brown, who 
 died in 1861. lie married his third wife, 8arah 
 Weaver, in 1862. Mr. Abel built a new house, 
 which, with contents, was destroyed by fire in 
 1870. He is the father of four children. His 
 third wife died in October, 1880. 
 
 A. O. Angell was born in Bridgewater, Ver- 
 mont, in 1834. He moved with his parents to 
 Michigan, then to Ohio, and in 1854, came to 
 Minnesota, and made a claim in Maple (4rove. 
 Jime 8th, I860, he married Mary Atkinson. 
 They have two children living. He lived in his 
 cabin covered with bark and with floor of bass- 
 wood slabs, until I808. Mr. Angell helped to cut 
 the first road leading from Osseo to Kice Lake. 
 
 J. H. Briggs was born in Smyrna, Chenango 
 county. New York, April 19th, 1828. He came 
 to Mimiesota, and located ui Maple Grove in 1855. 
 Married Jane A. Faulkner in 1852. They have 
 six children. The first year he came, he had to 
 carry provisions on his back from St. Anthony to 
 his home, a distance of sixteen miles. At that 
 time, Mimieapolis had but two houses. Mr. 
 Briggs is one of the oldest settlers in this town. 
 
 William Brooks was born in Trumbull county, 
 Ohio, December 6th, 1826. He remained with 
 his parents twenty years. Lived in Wisconsin 
 eight years, and came to Minnesota in 1857, locat- 
 ing ill Maple Grove, where he now lives. In 1852 
 he married Mary A. Carter, who died in Decem- 
 ber, 1861. His second wife was Sarah L. Jenne- 
 son. The first eight years that he was here, he 
 lived in a log house that was covered with red- 
 oak shakes, and had a floor of split basswood. 
 
 Octave Caron, a native of Canada, was born in 
 1836. He lived there seventeen years ; then came 
 to Minnesota, and worked on a farm ; also at the 
 Sioiix Agency. In 1855 he went to Shakopee. 
 He ran a ferry for two seasons, at Mendota. En- 
 listed in 4th Minnesota, Company E. Was in 
 Sherman's march to the sea. and was honorably 
 discharged in I860. He has lived in ^laple Grove 
 since 1878. In 1859 he married Philoinene Le 
 Due. They have nine children living. He owns 
 land ui Brooklyn, and Wheatland, Kice county. 
 
 O. K. Champlin, born in Chenango county, New 
 York, January Sth, 1832. and came to Maple 
 
 Grove in 1854. He married Miss H. :M. Bosworth, 
 in 1857. The first wintei- he passed in this county, 
 the Winnebagoes gave him some trouble. He 
 built his house in the woods, using wooden 
 troughs for shingles. Mr. Champlin was in 
 Stearns county during the Indian outbreak. 
 Nearly all the people left the country, excepting 
 his family and a young man named Warner. 
 
 John Cook was born in Lincolnshire, England, 
 in 1820. When fifteen years of age, he had 
 learned the bakers' trade; came to America 
 in 1849, stopping a short time in New York and 
 Buffalo. In 1850 he went to DuPage county, 
 Illinois, and remained five years. He married 
 Mrs. Mary Ami Hardy. Came to Minnesota in 
 1855 and settled in Maple Grove. They have ten 
 children Living. Mrs. Cook died June 1st, 1876. 
 
 Patrick Darmody (deceased) was born in Tip- 
 perary, Ireland, in 1825. Came to .Vmerica, stop- 
 ping a short time in New Orleans and Cincin- 
 nati, landed in Minnesota May 24th, 1855, and 
 settled in Maple Grove. He married Ellen Pe- 
 ters, July 19th, 1855. There are six children 
 livhig. Mr. Darmody died December 5th, 1879. 
 
 Patrick Devery, a native of Ireland, was born 
 in 1818, and lived with his parents twenty-one 
 years. He then came to America; stayed in Ohio 
 a few months, and in New York ten years. 
 Came to Minnesota and settled in ilaple Grove, 
 October 1854 ; he made a shanty of rough boards 
 a liedstead of hickory poles, and used aih-y-goods 
 box for a table. Mr. Devery is the father of 
 eleven children. 
 
 Fredrick Ebert was born in (Germany, 1816, 
 came to Illinois in 1817. Married October 10th, 
 1K4S, to Julia Ostrath, of Macon county, Illinois, 
 and lived there eighteen years. Came to Hennepui 
 county, in 1864. Have eleven children : John, 
 Frederick, Margaret. George, Julia, Adam. Henry, 
 Susan, Charles, Conrad and Willie. 
 
 Louis Pierre Garvais was born at AVolf River, 
 near Montieal Canada, in 1810. Lived there 
 sixteen years, and moved to Lake Champlain, 
 New York, where he resided for twenty-two 
 years ; then came to Saint Paul, remained there 
 two years, and one year in Saint Anthony, after 
 which he came to what is now Maple (irove. He 
 made his claim on what is known as Bottineau 
 Prauie, and was the first settler in this town. 
 For nearlv two vears their onlv neighbors were
 
 326 
 
 HISTOBY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 the Winnebago Indians. After he had been here 
 nearly two years, tlie whites began to settle 
 around liim. He married Man- Twombley, in 
 New York, October lotli, 1830. They have liad 
 ten children, four boys and six gills, all living, 
 with tlie exception of the tirst-bom, who died at 
 the age of eleven, in York State. On tlie loth of 
 October, 1880, Garvais and wife, celebrated their 
 golden wedding, at Osseo, impressive ceremonies 
 being held at the church. Eight children, and 
 seventy-five grand children were present. 
 
 John M. Eddy is a native of New Haven, \'er- 
 mont. When twenty-two years old, he went to 
 California, and stayed about five years. In 1856 
 he came to Miiniesota, and settled in Maple 
 Grove. He was maiTied in 1857, to Mary E. 
 Evans, of Chittenden county, Vermont. Tliey 
 have five children. Mr. Eddy was the first town 
 clerk, and held the office nine years. He enlisted 
 in the Second Minnesota Cavalry, December 22d, 
 
 1863, was discharged December 2d. 1865, and has 
 been farming since that time. 
 
 W. E. Evans was born in Chittenden county, 
 Vermont, December 28th, 1824. He remained 
 there, working as mill-wright, until he came to 
 Minnesota ; was one of the first settlers of Maple 
 Grove, and built the first house on this road, a 
 log cabin, now used as a granary. Before liis 
 block house was finislied, he covered it with 
 blankets to protect his family. In 1847 he was 
 married to Miss Lucia C. Austin, of ^'ermont ; 
 she died in 1880. Mr. Evans has held various 
 town offices since he came here. 
 
 Leonard L. Hawkins (deceased) was a native 
 of New Hampshire. In 1829 he married Olivia 
 P. Wright, at Keene, New Hampshire. He lived 
 in ^'ermont until he came to Minneapolis in 1856. 
 For two years he had charge of the tollgate near 
 the University. Mr. Hawkins died in 1863, and 
 Mrs. H. resides hi Minneapolis with her daughter, 
 Mrs. G. W. Chowen. 
 
 S. S. Hawkins was born September 12th, 1S42, 
 at East Highgate, A'ermoiit, and lived there 
 twenty-two years. He went to Minneapolis in 
 1856, remained there until 1859, then located in 
 Maple Grove. He was married August 29tli, 
 
 1864, to Mary Woodworth. lie is traveling for 
 O. S. Rixford, of East Highgate, Vermont ; has 
 been in tlie busine.ss for twelve years, traveling 
 winters, and spending summers at home. They 
 have four children living. 
 
 Minerva Hoff was bom in Ohio, April 17th, 
 1824, and lived with her parents imtil twenty-two 
 years of age. She was married, in Ohio, to Lu- 
 ther E. Hoff, October 19tli, 18.50. They came to 
 Maple Grove, June 2d, 1855, being among the 
 first settlers of the town. They have five chil- 
 dren living, ilr. Luther E. Hoff, her husband, 
 died October 10th, 1864. 
 
 Sarah Kiefer, a native of New York, was born 
 April 30th, 1831. She lived there for ten years, 
 and then moved, with her parents, to ^lilwaukee, 
 Wisconsin. She married, April 10th, 1849 ; came 
 to Minnesota and settled in Maple Grove, in 1864, 
 and has since made this place her home, Mr. 
 Kiefer was liorn in Germany, September 5th, 
 1820, and died April 5th, 1874, Mrs. K. has nine 
 children livmg. She now owns one hundred and 
 sixty acres of land. 
 
 Michael Knopf was born near Buffalo, New 
 York, in 1835. Lived there ten years, then 
 moved to Cook county, Illinois: remained there 
 until twenty-five years of age. He was educa- 
 ted at the North-west College of the Evangelical 
 Association at Napierville. In 1860 he came to 
 Kice county, Minnesota, and engaged in farming. 
 He enlisted July 24th, 1864, in Company E, Sixth 
 ISIinnesota Infantry, and served until he was 
 honorably discharged in 1865, at Fort Snelling. 
 He was pastor of the Evangelical Church at Wa- 
 seca for three years, at Frontenac three years, 
 one year near Henderson, and is now pastor of 
 the Evangelical Church in Maple Grove. Mar- 
 ried in 1861, to Miss S. F. Fritch. 
 
 George A. Laflin, a native of Chittenden coun- 
 ty, Vermont, was Ijorn February lOtli, 1837; he 
 lived there nineteen years, and came to Maple 
 Grove, Minnesota, in 1856. On June 10th, 1867, 
 he was married to Miss Annie L. Eddy, of Maple 
 Grove. In October, 1872, she died, and he mar- 
 ried for his second wife, Elizabeth N. Kerr, Jan- 
 uary 7tli, 1874. Mr. Laflin"s first wife bore him 
 three children, and he has two by liis second wife. 
 
 Q. A. Laflin was bom in Milton, Vermont, 
 August 20th, 1850. He came with his parents to 
 Minnesota in 1856, and lived in the town of Day- 
 ton until 1876. He was married December 7th, 
 1876, to Miss Nellie Knibbe, who was born in 
 Holland December 18th, 1858, and came to Amer- 
 ica in 1873. They have two children. 
 
 David Marchand, a native of Canada, was
 
 MAPLE OBOVE—BIOGEAPHICAL. 
 
 327 
 
 born October 14tli, 1834. He lived there fifteen 
 years, then removed to Massachusetts, and stayed 
 until 1851, wlien lie came to Minnesota, and set- 
 tled in Maple Grove ; worked at carpenteiing till 
 1870, and has since that time followed farm- 
 ing. In 1863 he joined General Sibley's expedi- 
 tion as a scout, was drafted while on his way 
 from Fort Snelling to Ft. Eidgely and was ordered 
 to return to St. Paul. He paid three huntU-ed dol- 
 lars for a sid)stitute. He was detailed for duty at 
 Fort \Vads\\drth,transferred to Fort Abercronihie, 
 and again transferred to Fort Wadswortli ; he 
 left there in Ivovember 1864, and returned to 
 Maple Grove, lie married Laura Gasiier, Sep- 
 tember 20th, 1858. They have six children living. 
 
 Albert A. Opitz, a native of Ohio, was born in 
 Toledo, August 4tli, 1855. He came to Minne- 
 apolis May 1st, 1868, and worked at the tinners 
 trade mitil 1879, when he removed to Maple 
 Grove. He manied Mrs. Nancy Brownrigg, Feb- 
 ruary 15th, 1880, who was born in Washington 
 county, Ohio, in 1856. Her first husband died 
 September 28th, 1879, and Mrs. Brownrigg maiTied 
 Mr. Opitz. They live on the farm purchased by 
 Mr. Brownrigg. 
 
 Otto Ohrmundt was born in Germany, Novem- 
 ber 16th, 1848. He resided in his native connti-y 
 with his parents initil he came to America. He 
 came to this comitry in 1870, and after a residence 
 of eigliteen months in Wisconsin, came to Maple 
 Grove, where he has since resided. He was mar- 
 ried in Germany, in 1865. Has tw(j children, a 
 boy aged eight, and a girl four years. 
 
 William H. Pavitt came to Minnesota in the 
 autumn of 1855. Remained aliout two years in 
 MimieapoUs, and then moved to Ookato, Wright 
 county ; staid there two years ; then returned to 
 Minneapolis, and remahied until 1867, when he 
 nu)ved to Osseo, and has since lived on his farm, 
 section 16, town of Maple Grove. He married 
 Mary L. Hoff, in November, 1873. She is a na- 
 tive of Ilemiepin count) . 
 
 Catharine Peters was born in Ireland, in 1832. 
 She lived with her parents ten years ; then went 
 to England, and lived there three years; then 
 emigrated to America. Came to Minnesota in 
 1855, and settled in Maple Grove. Married, April 
 4th, 1855, to Jolm Peters, who died October 30th, 
 1866. She has two children living. James was 
 born January 27th, 1856, and Edward, March 4tli, 
 
 1858. The family is living upon the " Peters Es- 
 tate," of 160 acres, on section 31. Both sons are 
 able and active young men, conducting the farm 
 with ability. 
 
 Sherman Phelps, born in Smitliville, New York, 
 August 11th, 1820. He lived there twenty-three 
 years ; then moved to Cook county, Illinois, and 
 remained imtil 1865, when he came to Minnesota, 
 and located in Maple Grove, where he has since 
 resided. Married Anna E. Limlierger, May 18th. 
 1848, who died February 14th, 1860. Mr. Phelps 
 has seven children living. 
 
 A. Robert was born in Belgivnn. May 12th, 1813. 
 For forty-tlu-ee years he lived in his native land, 
 then came to Minnesota, and settled in Corcoran. 
 He removed to Ma]ile (^rove, and has since resided 
 here. In 1863, he enlisted in Hatches Battalion 
 Mum. Cavalry, and was discharged in May, 1866. 
 Mr. Robert has never manied. 
 
 Henry Robert, a native of Belgium, was born 
 May 15tli, 1819. AVhen thirty-four years of age, 
 he came to America, and located at Lake Superior ; 
 then removed to Mimiesota in 1856 ; Uved at 
 Greenwood five years, and in Corcoran two 
 years ; then came to Maple Grove. He removed 
 to Corct>ran again, but returned to Maple Grove, 
 and has since resided here. He maraed Miss 
 Matilda Twombley, October 3d. 18.59. They have 
 four cliildren living. 
 
 William Trott was lioni in England, in 1828. 
 He came to America in 1846, and worked on a 
 farm in Orleans county, New York, a few years ; 
 then went to Indiana, as foreman on a raih'oad. 
 Poor health compelled him to resign. He came 
 to Minnesota, in 1853, and bought a claim in Eden 
 Prairie ; sold it for $500 ; then explored different 
 parts of the then territory, making several claims 
 and selling them. In 1854, he came to Maple 
 Grove ; iiought a claim, built a shanty, which he 
 covered with bark, and lived in it the first whiter. 
 July, 1866, he married Lilly Sutherland, of Canada. 
 
 Josiah Weaver, born in Miramichi, New Bruns- 
 wick, November 26th, 1845. Went with his pa- 
 rents to Frederickton, lived there nine years and 
 came to Minnesota in 1856, with his father, his 
 mother having died when he was eighteen months 
 old. Shice coming to this state he has lived with 
 Mrs. Hoff. He enlisted .lanuary, 1865. in com- 
 pany B, Second Minnesota Infantry Volunteers ;
 
 328 
 
 HISTOET OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 served until .Tiily 10, 1865, when he was dis- 
 eliarged. 
 
 J. M. Williamson, a native of Washington, 
 Ohio, was born February 24tli. 18o7. He came 
 io Mimu'sota in 1865, and settled hi Maple Grove, 
 September 4th. 1880, he married Miss Sophia 
 Zeorb. His father enlisted October 23d, 1861, in 
 Company ]5, Seventy-fifth Ohio Infantry, but was 
 discharged for physical disability, and was not able 
 do a day's work after he came out of the army. 
 Mr. WiUiamson, Sr., died in 1880. 
 
 L. B. Wilmot was born in LaPorte. Indiana, 
 August 18th, 1839, and lived there lifteeu years; 
 then went to Minneapolis, and from there to the 
 
 Black Hills, where he remained two years. Mar- 
 ried Miss K. Foster, August 12th, 1875, and now 
 lives iji Maple Grove. They have one child. 
 George. 
 
 E. P. Woodwortli. born in Ashtabula county, 
 Ohio, July 13th, 1844. Lived there seventeen 
 years, and in Pennsylvania tlu-ee years. He en- 
 listed in the naval service, August 13th, 1864; 
 served ten months, and was discharged. lie was 
 married July 24th, 1866, to Selina C, Clarke, of 
 Pennsylvania, and came to Maple Grove where 
 he has since lived. They have three children 
 living. 
 
 PLYMOUTH. 
 
 CHAPTER LIII. 
 
 GENERAL DESCRIPTION — FIRST SETTLEMENT- 
 ORGANIZATION VILLAGES— CHURCHES— SO- 
 CIETIES— SCHOOLS — POST-OFFICES — HOTELS — 
 ROSTER— BIOGRAPHICAL. 
 
 Plymouth is situated near the center of Henne- 
 pin county and comprises the congressional town- 
 ship of 118 north, range 22 west, fifth princi- 
 pal meridian. The surface is undulating, that 
 l)ortion of the town around the north end of 
 Medicine Lake, being the most hilly. When first 
 settled, the west and north-west part was covered 
 with a heavy growth of timber, covering nearly 
 half of the town; the remaining portion being 
 co\ered by brush, v*ith a few marshes that sup- 
 port a growth of tamarac. The pruieipal woods 
 are maple, oak and elm, with a little ironwood, 
 ash and poplar. The soil generally is a clay 
 loam. Around Parker's Lake it is sandy, and in 
 some places giavelly. Sandy spots occur occa- 
 sionally in the north-east part. The town is in- 
 terspersed with numerous lakes. Among them 
 is Medicine Lake, the largest, situated in the 
 south-east part of the town. It is a beautiful 
 
 body of water, about two miles long from north- 
 west to south-east, and nearly three-quarters of a 
 mile wide in the widest part. Tlie south-east 
 sliore is sandy, which with a sandy bottom makes 
 it an excellent bathing-place, and is much resorted 
 to for that purpose. At different places on the 
 east and west shores, the banks are quite high and 
 precipitous. The north and south ends are 
 marshy. Its outlet is Bassett's Creek, which 
 flows out of the south end and passes out of the 
 town at the south-east corner and empties into 
 the Mississippi at Minneapolis. The lake derives 
 its name from an Indian legend, which says that an 
 Indian in his canoe was capsized b>- a sudden 
 storm, and the Indians not being able to find his 
 body, gave it the name of Medicine Lake. Bass 
 Lake is in section 2, and covers about one hund- 
 red and fifty acres, with an island of several acres 
 in the center. Its shores are marshy, and its out- 
 let is Bass Lake Creek, which leaves the lake 
 from its north-east corner, flows eastwardly out of 
 the town and empties into Shingle Creek in the 
 south-west part of Brooklyn. It received its 
 name from the large number of bass, they being
 
 PLYMOUTff—FIBST SETTLEMENT.' 
 
 329 
 
 almost the only tisli tliat swim in its waters. 
 It was named by Antoine Le Count. 
 
 Parlver's Lake situated in tlie siiutlieni pait 
 of section 28, and nortliern part of section 33, 
 covering about one liundred acres, is a clear and 
 beautiful sheet of water, with sandy shores and a 
 hard Ijottom. The other lakes in the tov\n are 
 more or less marshy, and small. 
 
 FriiST SETTLEMENT. 
 
 Antoine Le Count was the first settler in the 
 town, comuig in October, 1853, and locating on 
 the east shore of jSIedicine Lake, on section 24, 
 where he now lives. Antoine Le Count is one of 
 those men whose adventurous life deserves a record 
 that should be preserved for the benefit of the on- 
 coming generations — a record, conunenciug with 
 the primitive history of the Xorthwest, and ex- 
 tending over the eventful scenes that have been en- 
 acted during a half century. The writer of this ar- 
 ticle feels it to be a pleasing duty to give in brief 
 the facts in his possession coimected with this ad- 
 venturous traveler, guide, and daring explorer, 
 oidy regretting that the limits allotted to this work 
 will not allow a more detailed account of the man 
 whose history is so closely interwoven with that 
 of the Northwest. And, as the object most sin- 
 cerely sought for in this work, is to give a succinct 
 and truthful statement of all the facts witli which 
 it has to deal, the reader will not do the writer 
 the violence to think tliat he is reading aught but 
 liistoric truths, as he follows the history of An- 
 toine Le Comit and his father. The latter was a 
 guide in the early days ( )f the Territory, carrying the 
 mail from tlie Red River country to points south; 
 also carrying with him fancy trinkets and wam- 
 pum, made by the Indians, taking them to St. 
 Louis, and trading or sellhig them for horses, or 
 whatever his shrewd mind suggested would pay 
 him to bring back to the Red River country. By 
 this means he accumulated (piite a fortune. 
 Among the early French settlers, he was known 
 by the name of Le Gros. He took I'ierre Bottin- 
 eau, when he was about twelve years ohl. into 
 his family, and trahied him to be the guide that 
 afterward made him famous. Antoine was born 
 on the Minnesota side of the Red River, near the 
 International boundary line, November 6th, 1822. 
 In the summer of 1837, he came with his father 
 to Fort Suelling, remaining until September fol- 
 
 lowing, wlien he returned to his home on Red 
 River. His father, in connection with Franklin 
 Steele, made a claim on the east side of the Mis- 
 sissippi River, at the falls, including Nicollet Is- 
 land. The followmg June he started for liis claim, 
 from Red River, with his fannly. 'With them 
 was a gentleman by the name of Tiiomas Simpson, 
 who was in great haste to get through, and 
 did not wish to take the time necessary to 
 go around by Lac qui Parle, and offered 
 Le Count a tempting price to pilot him across 
 the country in as nearly a direct line as possible. 
 Le Count accepted the proposition, and gave 
 Pierre Bottmeau charge of the party containLug 
 his family, Pierre Bottineau's, and others, taking 
 besides himself and Mr. Simpson, his son An- 
 toine, who was nearly seventeen years old, and 
 two others, five in all. and started across. \Vlien 
 about a day and a half on their journey, Mr. 
 Simpson showed signs of insanity, but did not 
 appear to be dangerous. About sundown the 
 fourth day out, while the) were preparing to go 
 into camp, Mr. Simpson seized a doulile-barrelled 
 shotgun, and, without a moments warning, shot 
 Mr. Le Count and one of the men. The shots 
 followed each other so rapidly that the survivors 
 thought but one shot had l)een fired. Le Count 
 did not die immediately, but, knowhig his end 
 was near at hand, called his son Ajitoine to him 
 and told him he was going to die. giving him 
 instructions how, and what direction to take, to 
 reach the train his mother was with, and to run 
 for his life before Mr. Simpson had time to reload. 
 The hii-ed man had already disappeared, and 
 young Antoine, with trembling anxiety, watched 
 his opportunity, and made his escape. He had 
 not gone far when he heard Mr. Simpson calling: 
 "Jim! Jim! I "■(the hired mani; he wanted him 
 to take him back. In the meantime. Antoine had 
 found Jim, and they proceeded together. When 
 about a mile from their recent cami>.they heard a 
 gun and concluded the unfortunate man had 
 killed himself. (They subseciueiitly found that he 
 had shot at and wounded one of the horses, i 
 Urging their horses to their >itmost speed, and 
 following the track advised by his father, the.\ 
 struck the train trail of Pierre Bottineau aljout 
 daylight, having come about fifty miles. In a 
 short time they were in camp, and told their 
 story. Pierre Bottineau took a party and went
 
 3S0 
 
 mSTOBY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 back to the scene. When lie reached it he found 
 the unfortunate Simpson had added his own life 
 to those of his two victims, by blowing his head 
 entirely to pieces. The bodies of Le Count 
 and the other man, were brought back and taken 
 to Red River, and there buried. Mr. Simpson's 
 body was left on tlie spot. 
 
 The traui then moved forward on its road, 
 and reached Fort Snelling about the middle of 
 July 1.S3.S. Antoine and mother remained there 
 until the following spring, when they moved to 
 Pigs Eye, where he remained aliout a year. From 
 that time he was a rover, moving from place to 
 place as fancy or work di<'tated, until he settled 
 in Plymouth, in October 1S53. With Antoine 
 Le Count came Peter Daniels, who made his claim 
 adjoining Le Count, on the north, but did not set- 
 tle until the year following. 
 
 Almost simultaneously with Antiiine I^e Count. 
 came Thomas Hughes and family into this wil- 
 derness, the lurking place of Shakoi)ee and his 
 Sioux band. No roads were known utlier than the 
 wild Indians trail. Hut with a tixed purpose be- 
 fore him. this hardy and intelligent pioneer has 
 conquered every obstacle, and now in his riper 
 years, is enjoying all the comforts of a good home 
 and the confidence of his fellow citizens, with his 
 enterprising sons, .James, llenr\ , Charles and Ed- 
 ward around him, all possessing the indomitaljle 
 will of the father. They have built for themselves 
 nice homes and rank with Plymouth's respected 
 citizens. 
 
 Francis Iluot antl (i. 1). Hrawic) <-aiae during 
 tlie winter. Mr. Iluot making a claim on the 
 north end of Medicuie Lake. Mr.Brawley adjouiing 
 him on the west. Neither settled at tliat time. 
 Init made some improvements and returned to 
 Saint Anthony. ^Ir. I5rawle> sold his claim to 
 Mr. E. Boucher, and Mr. Iluot returned with his 
 family, November l-5tli, 18.54. Following these 
 two was Charles Mouseau, who made a claim join- 
 ing Le Count on the soutli, did not move on 
 it, but made a tew improvements. At the same 
 time with Mr. Huot. came David Gorham, Joseph 
 Jamme, George Burbeir and Edward Burke. 
 
 Corham settling on section 17. the lirst of Marcli 
 bS.54. and moved his family in September 18.5.5. Mr. 
 Jamme selected the west half of section 17. as his 
 claim, put up a slianty and moved his family in Oc- 
 tober that > ear. Mr. Burbeir took his claim on the 
 
 north- east cpiarter of section 8, put- up a shanty 
 the follow ing fall, and moved his family in the 
 spring of 18.5o; lived on it about a year then 
 moved back to Saint .\jithony. and now lives in 
 Anoka. ^Ir. B<n'ke made his claim on section 17, 
 built a shant>-, made some improvements, but be- 
 ing a single man. had no regular habitation, but 
 teamed back and forth from Saint ^Vnthony. 
 He married in 185.5, and moved to his place, lived 
 there about a year, sold out and moved to Saint 
 Anthony. 
 
 Israel Michaud made a claim about the same 
 time : lived on it a few years ; sold, and moved to 
 Medina, but subsecjuently moved back to Ply- 
 mouth, where he was killed while hauling lumber 
 in the summer of 1877. In May. 18-54, Jonas H. 
 Howe came and made a claim on section 22. 
 Henry L. Closes came in July following, and 
 made his clami on the west side of section 22. living 
 on it a few years ; he now lives in Dakota coimty. 
 Early in 18.54. C. W. Farrington made his claim 
 on section 1.5, and moved his family on to it in 
 March. 18.5.5 ; subsequently kept a hotel for a num- 
 ber of > ears. Sanniel Merdiant made his claim in 
 September. 1854. and moved his family to it, the 
 followmg May. In the fore part of October, 1854, 
 came three Parker brothers. I. S.. C. D. iuid Alfred, 
 and settletl around Parker's Lake. Alfred is now 
 living in Crystal Lake, I. S. in Anoka comity, and 
 C. D. is still a resident of Plymouth. Ilemy Col- 
 lins and John Carne came a little later. James 
 Berube made his claim in December. 1854. Init 
 tUd not move on to ' it with his family until No- 
 vember. 18oo. During the simimer of 1854. came 
 James Hughes and family, and settled where 
 the> iKiw live. The settlement was quite rapid 
 in 18.55. Among those coming were Herman 
 Sandhoff. Francis Day. Charles Tolmaii. Amos 
 Hoyt and wife. D. C. Parker, wife and his father, 
 the Rev. James Parker. The wife of the latter died 
 in St. Anthony, of cholera, while en route, and 
 was buried on the site of the present city of Min- 
 neapolis. 
 
 In .June. 1858. the Chippewa Indians made a 
 raid on their deadh enemies, the Sioux, met 
 tliem at Shakopee. had a tight, and were badly 
 defeated. I'poii their return, they passed through 
 the town, douig bodily injury to no one. but stole 
 and killed what they wanted to eat. They shot 
 a pair of steers for I. S. Parker, and Amos Hoyt,
 
 PLYMOUTH— OBGANIZATION. 
 
 331 
 
 and emptied D. C. Parker's corn crib, wounded a 
 cow, and stole a few more things from otliers. 
 As they were on the verge of starvation, the 
 whites concluded that it was no more than they 
 would do themselves under like circumstances, 
 and did not molest tbem. Besides, it may be 
 that a wholesome regard for their own safety 
 arose to the surface quietly, but not to that ex- 
 tent whicli under the circumstances made it neces- 
 sary to boast loudly of, so, Lo. and his phuuler 
 departed in peace, but not without leaving many 
 hearts fluttering with twinges of fear and doubt 
 for their safety. A military comiiauy of twenty was 
 formed, with Charles Tolmaii for captain, wlio 
 received their gims fi-om Saint Paul, and for 
 two weeks the women and children were collected 
 together in one house at night, while the men 
 stood guard outside. Hearing there was a 
 body of Sioux massing in the north part of the 
 town. Captain Tolman, with liis men, went in 
 search, but t\)und no traces of them. It was sup- 
 posed to have been a scare gotten up by one 
 James Moody, who lived m that part of the town, 
 and it came near costing him his life. Other 
 parties subsequenth found traces that showed 
 the Indians had passed thmugh. near where he 
 had indicated lie had seen them. This quieted 
 their anger, and ended the disturbance. 
 
 The first birth in town, was a chilii to I). C. 
 Parker and wife, April 25th, 1855, two days after 
 their arrival in the town. It lived but tvvo or three 
 days. A boy, Frank, was Ixiiii to Amos Iloyt 
 and wife, July 25th, following, and December 
 25th. same year, twins were born to F. A. Clay 
 and wife, tlien living on section 38. 
 
 The first death that occm'red was that of a child 
 belonging to Antoine Le Count, which was caused 
 by overturning a kettle of hot water, in December, 
 1853. 
 
 The Rev. James Parker was the first justice of 
 the peace, appointed January 1st, 1856. His son, 
 D. C. Parker, was appointed in 1857. Mr. Fran- 
 cis Huot was appointed the same year. l)ut never 
 qualified. 
 
 The first marriage was Jean Bourgeoise to Miss- 
 Rose Rouilliar. 
 
 The first school in the town was established in 
 the siunmer of 1856, in a little shanty belonging 
 to Oliver Huart, on section 14. in what is now 
 District No. 51, and taught by Miss Lormda 
 
 Shaw, who also taught the school estabUshed the 
 following year in what is now District No. 48. 
 
 ORGANIZATION. 
 
 The first meeting for the purpose of forming a 
 town organization, was called at the house of 
 Francis Day, on the 11th day of May, 1858. The 
 meeting was organized by electing G. W. Mes- 
 senger for Moderator, and J. H. Howe, Clerk. 
 The room being too small to accommodate them, 
 the meeting was adjourned to the hotel kept by 
 Mr. C. W. Farrington. on section 15. The fol- 
 lowing officers were elected : Supervisors, Fran- 
 cis Huot. chairman, I). C. Parker and Francis 
 Gorham ; Town Clerk, J. II. Howe; Assessor, 
 Francis Day ; Collector, Charles Tolman ; Over- 
 seer of the Poor, Eustaehe Boucher ; Constables, 
 Phillip Otto and Alfred Jordan ; Justices of the 
 Peace, F. A. Clay and William Karson. 
 
 At a meeting of the county board AprilKHh, 
 1858. for tlie i)urpose of establishing the bounda- 
 ries of the townshii)s in the county, the congres- 
 sional town of 118-22 was named Plymouth, and 
 the first meeting was called under that name, 
 which produced a great deal of dissatisfaction on 
 the part of some of the voters, and another meet- 
 ing was called for June 21st. 1858, which met at 
 the hotel kept by C. AV. Farrington. After con- 
 siderable discussion a vote v\as taken, which 
 resulted in favor of Medicine Lake, for the name 
 of the town. The next meeting was lield at the 
 school house in district No. 51. April 5th. 1859, 
 and the call was issued under the name of Medi- 
 cine Lake, and the Inisiness transacted under 
 that name. The following year. Aiiril 3d. 1860, 
 the meeting was held under the name of Plym- 
 outh, no records showing when or how the 
 change was effected. The county officials never 
 recognized the name of Medicine Lake, and the 
 name reverted back to that given it by the 
 county board. The name was taken from a vil- 
 lage called Plymouth, laid out on the north and 
 west shores of Parker's Lake, in 1856. 
 
 The following is a copy of the minutes of two 
 meetings held in the town in 1862: "Agreeable 
 to a call of the citizens of the town, met at the 
 house of Francis Day on Monday, the 18th day of 
 August, 1862, to devise means to raise its quota of 
 soldiers for the army. The meeting was organ- 
 ized by choosing Francis Huot Chau'man, and Jo
 
 332 
 
 HISTOBT OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 lias 11. Howe Secretary. Chose a eommittee of 
 live to report resolutions, viz.: .Jonas II. Howe. 
 James M. Parker, Francis Berulie. Xicholas 
 IJofferiiing. M. D. L. Stevens. Tlie t'ollowiiig res- 
 olution was reiwrted adopted unanimously: Re- 
 solved. That we. the citizens of Plymouth, be" 
 lieve it to be the duty of every man to sustain the 
 government iu her present emergency, either in 
 men or money, and we pledge ourselves as a town 
 to furnish our quota, if it can be done, by appeal- 
 ing to the patriotism of her citizens, believing we 
 aie second to none in the love of our country aiid 
 purity of pahiotism. Resolved, That uiasmuch as 
 our interests are equal iu the cause, those who 
 may see it in theii- duty to enlist vohmtarily, 
 should be paid a bounty by the town, and we 
 hereby pledge, twenty-five dollars to every volim- 
 teer who shall enlist from the citizens of this 
 town. Voted that the Town Clerk be hereby in- 
 sti-ucted to call a meeting of the voters of said 
 town, to meet at the house of Fi-aiicis Day, on 
 Satiu-day, the 3(ith day of August, 1862. Ad- 
 journed." 
 
 "Agreeable to a call on the opposite page, the 
 citizens met at the house of Francis Day, the 3Uth' 
 day of August, at 1 o'clock p. m. 1st, chose 
 Jonas H. Howe. Moderator. 2d. voted to pay those 
 who have volunteered to fill the call for the last 
 60,000, a bounty of twenty-five dollars, the same 
 to include all whose names are registered and 
 counted from the town. 3d. voted that the to«ni 
 cause the daguerreotypes of all the volunteers 
 from the said town to be taken, at the expense 
 of the town, and that the Town Clerk is author- 
 ized to see that they are taken. Voted that the 
 Town Treasurer be authorized to borrow money 
 for the town, to pay the bounty of volunteers. 
 Voted that the Supervisors Ije appointed a com- 
 mittee to act with the Treasurer, and to correct 
 the list of volunteei-8, if foimd necessary. A'^oted 
 that such of the vohniteei's as do not want their 
 bount\ down, shall be entitled to legal interest 
 from the town until paid. Voted that the Super- 
 visors are hereby authorized to act for the town 
 without calling a special meeting. Adjourned. 
 • Jonas H. IIowk. Town Clerk." 
 
 VILLAGE. 
 
 The site for the village of Plymouth was lo- 
 cated on the north and west shores of Parker's ' 
 
 Lake, in the fall of 18-56. It was laid out by 
 Jared and Daniel Demon and Messi-s. Sherburne. 
 Davie. Davidson and Spicer. They bought the 
 Wayzata Mill and moved it to the north-west 
 corner of Parkers Lake. Xo other improvements 
 were made excepting the erecting of small shan- 
 ties for the mill hands: the mill was operated 
 that winter. In the spring the water in the lake 
 rose and flooded the mill. The next summer 
 the machinery was taken out. and later to Min- 
 neapolis, and thus ended the village of Plym- 
 outh. 
 
 CHCBCHES. 
 
 The Plymouth Methodist Church. This so- 
 ciety was organized in 18t>s, and a church built 
 on the north side of Parker's Lake. The fii-st 
 services were conducted by Rev. Charles Haskell, 
 who continued as pastor about two years. It 
 was dedicated by the Rev. D. Cobb, at that time 
 Presiding Elder of the District. The sabbath 
 school had a membership of forty or lifty scholai-s. 
 Miles Dickey. Superintendent. The structure was 
 burned in the fall of 1877. Since then no ser- 
 vices have been held by the society. 
 
 Medicine Lake Catholic Clmrch. '^^lien first 
 built ui l.so8. it was a log structure 24x32. The 
 first services were conducted by Father Le Dow; 
 at that time the membership uiduded about 
 forty families. When the church hi Crystal Lake 
 was built a few years later, it took part of the 
 membership. In tlie spring of 1877, the present 
 church was built. The main ImikUngis 36x50 
 feet, with an addition 16x18. and another 12x14 
 feet. In its present unfinished coniUtion, it will 
 seat two hmidred; when completed it wiU accom- 
 modate four hundred. "When completed will cost 
 about $2,60(1. It is located on the east side of sec- 
 tion lo. Present Pastor, Father Boucher. 
 
 German Evangelical Lutheran Church. The 
 first meeting of this society was held at the 
 house of Herman Saudhoft". February 27th. 
 1863. Services were conducted liy Rev. George 
 Fachtman. Services were held m the school- 
 house and at Mr. Sandhoff's for several years. 
 The present church was bmlt iu 1880. and lo- 
 cated on the west side of section 14. The pres- 
 ent pastor is the Rev. Herman Fleer. 
 
 SOCIETIES. 
 
 Plymouth Grange Xo. 351. was organized in
 
 PLYMOUTH— SCHOOLS— HOTELS— BIOGRAPHICAL. 
 
 333 
 
 Septemliei-. 1874. The officers were: ^Master, J. 
 M. Parker; Overseer. H. L. Bradeii; Secretary. R. 
 L. Logan; Financial Secretary, Dennis Selimitz; 
 Lecturer, I. S. Parker; Cliaplain, A. IL Freiicli; 
 Steward, R. B. Dickey; Ceres, Mrs. A. P. Parker; 
 Pomona, Mrs. Barbara Dickey; Flora, Miss ^la- 
 lietta Parker: L. A. S., Miss Jane Parker. The 
 Grange had twenty-one charter members and 
 reached a membersliip of forty-two. It was well 
 attended and in a flourishing condition until many 
 of the members moved away, with no new ones 
 coming in, until it finally suspended in 1878. 
 
 SCHOOLS. 
 
 Miss Lorinda Shaw taught in District No. .51 in 
 1S56, also in District No. 48 in 1857. In 1859 
 they built a log house on the west side of sec- 
 tion 14, which was used until 1868, when the 
 present house was built on the same site. The 
 second school was established in what is now 
 District 48, in the summer of 1857. The build- 
 ing used, was a log structure 12x11) feet, and lo- 
 cated on section 28. The number of scholars was 
 about fifteen, the present number of scholars is 
 aliout eighty-five 
 
 The third school was established in the sum- 
 mer of 18(i2, and taughtin a granary, on the farm 
 of Francis Bernbe. Any building that could be 
 obtaine<l was used mitil 1867, when a school 
 house was built, and used until 1874, when the 
 present one was built on section 17. There are 
 in the town, five entire and si.x joint districts, 
 witli five school houses, all frame and well furn- 
 ished, excepting in District 104, which is unfin- 
 ished. All have patent seats exceyiting Districts 
 48 and 104. 
 
 I'O.ST-OFFICES. 
 
 The first post-oftice established in the town was 
 at Jledicine Lake, in the spring of 1859, and 
 Francis Iluot appomted Postmaster, who held 
 the office about three years, when he was suc- 
 ceeded by his brother Louis. Plymouth Post- 
 office was established in 1865, and Nathaniel Day 
 appointed Postmaster, who removed it to his 
 house, on section 15. Mr. Day died in the win- 
 ter of 1867, and was succeeded by Amos Dick- 
 inson, who was followed by James Hough, who 
 held the ottice until it was discontinued. In 1878 
 another office was established on section 4, and 
 Fred. Guesman appointed Postmaster. This of- 
 
 fice was also discontinued in the spring of 1880. 
 Parker's Lake Post-office was established June 
 28th. 1871. and J. M. Parker appointed Postmas- 
 ter, lias held the office to the present time. 
 South Plymouth Post-office was estal)lished in 
 1862, and located on section 33. Mrs. ^Matilda 
 Clay appointed Postmistress. "When the post- 
 office at Wayzata was re-established, in 1864. 
 South Plymouth was discontinued. 
 
 HOTELS. 
 
 The "Farmers' Home" Hotel was built by 
 ^Nicholas Bolferding in 1863, and kept by him for 
 several years. He sold it to Carl Schiebe, in the 
 spring of 1872. It is now conducted by Carl 
 Schiebe, Jr., and is located at the forks of the 
 Waterto-ttii and Wayzata roads, on the west side 
 of section 36. 
 
 OFFICIAL ROSTER. 
 
 The present board of officers for the town are: 
 Supervisors, Jacob Roths, chairman, David Gor- 
 liam and William Eagan ; Town Clerk, J. H. 
 Jordan ; Treasurer, Carl Schiebe. .Tr.; Assessor, 
 J. M. Parker ; Constables, J. ^V. Day and Timo- 
 thy Ryan ; Justices of the Peace. J. M. Parker 
 and P. J. Winnen. 
 
 Population in 1880, 1,074. Ximiber of acres 
 in the town, 21,480. .Valuation of real estate, 
 $268,343 ; of personal property, 537,125. Taxes 
 for 1880, $2,667. 
 
 BIOGKAPIIICAL. 
 
 Christopher Braesch, one of the first settlers 
 on Bass Lake, was born in Prussia, in 1830. His 
 parents died when he was nine years of age, and 
 he was engaged in farming until he came to 
 America, in 18.54. After living in Chicago, Illi- 
 nois, about eighteen months, he came to St. An- 
 thony, Minnesota, where he built a small house. 
 In 1856, he made a claim iu Plymouth, where he 
 now lives. Lived on his claim a short time, 
 building a log house, then returned to Minne- 
 apolis, where he engaged in mason work three 
 years; was employed on the old Eastman and 
 Gibson mill, and others. In 1859, came with his 
 family to his claim in Plymouth, where he has 
 since remained, and now has a pleasant home. 
 He married Sophia Peters, at Chicago, in 18.54. 
 They have six children : Emma, Albert. Henry. 
 Mary, Minnie and Charley.
 
 3S4 
 
 HISTOBT OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 Thomas Clark was born in Yorkshire, Eng- 
 land, Xovemher oth, 18:28, and lived with his 
 father until eleven years of age. his mother 
 having died while he was young. At the age of 
 thirteen, he began life for himself, and was en- 
 gaged in farming until 1850. when he came to 
 this country. Resided in Massachusetts, three 
 years; New York, live years; in Canada three 
 years, and in Huron county, Michigan, until 
 18'o9. when he came to Plymouth. He enlisted 
 in the Twejity-ninth Michigan Volunteers, in 
 1864, and was mustered out at Xashville. Ten- 
 nessee, in 186-5. He was married to Jane A. 
 Sanderson, of England in 1S4S. They have had 
 eight children, seven of whom are living. 
 
 Joseph AV. Day was born in Piscataquis 
 county, Maine, July 22d, 1849, and lived with his 
 parents, engaged in farming, until 1865, when he 
 came with his father to Hennepin county. His 
 father died in 1877. leaving Joseph to care for 
 the mother and family. He has made his home 
 in Plymoutli since coming to this county, and in 
 1871 settled on his present farm. Married Ellen 
 S. Hughes, in 1871. They are the parents of foiu' 
 children: John A.. Albert AV.. Elmer L.. and 
 Elzada B. 
 
 Benjamin Frost, a native of Maine, was born 
 in Hancock county, ilarch 15th, 18;^0. His par- 
 ents died when he was twelve yeare of age, and 
 in 1855 he came to Minneapolis, and engaged in 
 lumbering with L. Day and Sons. He worked on 
 the foundation of the dam at the falls, and on the 
 boom piers above the falls ; also helped to nui the 
 first logs for the mill at Minneapolis. Married 
 Ellen Criukshank, June 25th, 1862. In 1868 he 
 bought the farm where he lives, eight miles west of 
 Mimieapolis. They have five children : Edwin, 
 Ada, Orin, Benjamin, Jr., and Elva. 
 
 David Gorham, one of the earliest settlers of 
 Hennepin county, was l)orn in Quebec. Canada. 
 When he was four years of age his father died, 
 and David went to Montreal. He was occupied 
 in farming until 1836, when he came to the 
 United States, and resided two years in A'irginia. 
 and twelve yeare in Maine, engaged in lumbering 
 on the Penobscot. In April. 1849, he came to St. 
 Anthony. He made a claim of 160 acres in what 
 is now Xortli Minneapolis, and also of the farm 
 now owned by K. P. Russell, near Lake Cal- 
 
 houn. He ran the first shingle and lath mill in 
 the place. In 1854. he made a claim in what is 
 now Plymouth township, and after remaining on 
 it one year, retmiied to Mimieapolis. where he 
 was engaged in the lumber mills for about twelve 
 years. In 1864. he. in company with others, 
 started for California, but on reaching the Bad 
 Lands, were surrounded by Sioux Indians, and 
 held seventeen days, then rescued by General 
 Sully"s Cavalry. They then returned to Minne- 
 apolis, satisfied with their adventure. In 1867 he 
 l)ought his present farm, and has since lived in 
 Plymouth. He has held the office of Supervisor 
 for ten years, and has done much for the cause of 
 education. He was maiTied, in 1850, to Miss 
 Barber, of Maine. They have had nuie children, 
 seven of whom are living : Addelle. Thados. 
 Edwlna, David G. T., Emma, Lizzie, and Ange- 
 lina il. Mary L. died the day of her birth, and 
 Angelina died at the age of twelve years. 
 
 Jonas H. Howe, a native of Massachusetts, 
 was born in Worcester county, April 29th, 1821, 
 He attended the Academy at Deerfield and New 
 Salem, and at the age of twenty-one, went to 
 Boston for two years, then returned to his fath- 
 er's farm for nine years. He came to Hennepin 
 county in 1854. and made a claim where he now 
 lives. The same year, went with a party to Crow 
 Wing to get out timber for the first Suspension 
 bridge. In the fall, built a cabin sixteen feet 
 square, on his claim. This was the second house 
 biult in the township. He brought the lumber for 
 his house, from St. Anthony, floating it across 
 Medicine Lake, as there was no road around. In 
 1855 his family joined him. In 1864 he was 
 appointed enrolling clerk for the township, and 
 afterwards enlisted in Company F, Eleventh In- 
 fantry, with the rank of sergeant, and served one 
 year. He was elected to the House of Repre- 
 sentatives in 1865. In 1S78 his dwelling was de- 
 stroyed by fire, and he hiimediately rebuilt a more 
 substantial house. Mr. Howe has been town 
 clerk for a number of yeare, justice of the peace, 
 and was census enumerator in 1880; has always 
 taken an active part in the affairs of the towii. 
 His wife, whom he married ui Massachusetts, was 
 Margaret Swendell, of Boston. They have had 
 ten children, seven, now living. Cora, the eldest, 
 was a member of the first class at the Deaf and 
 Dumb Institute at Faribault ; .was a pupil sev
 
 PLYMOUTH— BIOGBAPHICAL. 
 
 335 
 
 en years, and taught three years, when poor 
 liealtli compelled her to retire from tear-hing. 
 
 Thomas Hughes, one of the early settlers of 
 Plymouth, was honi in England, November 25th, 
 1803. He served live years in the British Army, 
 and in 1 849, brought his famil> to America, and lo- 
 cated at Burlington, Iowa, until the fall of 1853, 
 when he removed to Minnesota. He settled on 
 the claim in what is now Plymouth, where he 
 has since resided. At tlie time he came, there were 
 no roads, exceptuig the Indian trails used by Sha- 
 kopee and his band of Sioux. Mr, Hughes has 
 given his attention to farming, since his first .set- 
 tlement, and has built up a line home. He was 
 married to Hannah Buckell, in England, Febru- 
 ary 6th, 1825, They have had nine children, six 
 of whom are living in Hennepin county, Xames 
 of chikh-en : James, Mary Ann, John (deceased) 
 Thomas, Henry, Charles, Ellen (deceased) Ed- 
 ward and Ellen second, (deceased.) His son, 
 Thomas, who is now' living with him, enlisted 
 in the Sixth Minnesota Infantry in 1861, served 
 one year and was transferred to Company K, 
 Twenty-third Kegiment A^eteran Reserve Corps, 
 and served until mustered out at St. Paul in 1865. 
 He was engaged in the battle of Birch Coolie and 
 Wood Lake, during the Indian outbreak, 
 
 James Hughes was born in England, .January 
 2d, 1825, He remained with his parents until 
 the age of twenty-one, in the meantime serving 
 an apprenticeship of seven years at the black- 
 smith trade. He then went to Wales, and was 
 engaged in Lee's iron works for nine months ; 
 returned to England, and established a smithing 
 business. In 1852 he came to Burlington, Iowa, 
 and engaged in business there until March, 1854, 
 when he started for ilinnesota, with six yokes of 
 oxen, two cows and one wagon. The journey 
 was pleasant until they aiTived in Minnesota 
 Territory, where they found large bodies of snow 
 and no roads. He was obliged to leave his fam- 
 ily alone in the wagon one night, while he went 
 in search of food and assistance, during a terrific 
 storm. When he arrived at Red Wing he liad 
 only five oxen and one cow, the others having 
 perished on the route. Shipped from there to St, 
 Paul, sold his cattle, went to St. Anthony, and in 
 May, 1854, made his claim in Plymouth, where 
 he has since lived. He engaged in farming and 
 smithing until the war of the rebellion. July, 
 
 1864, he enlisted in the Eighth ^Minnesota, and 
 was detailed as post-blacksmith at Fort Snelling, 
 where he served until mustered out, May, 1865. 
 He has been active in all public affairs of the 
 township, and has held all its offices. He was 
 married to Elizabeth Hatcher in England, April, 
 1848. They have had nine children, of whom six 
 are living: Edward, Ellen. John, Julia, Thomas 
 and Carrie, 
 
 Henry Hughes, son of Thomas Hughes, was 
 born in England, January 2Sth, 1835, He came 
 to the United States with his parents, and was 
 engaged in l)lacksmitliing, at Burlington. Iowa ; 
 came with his parents to ^limiesota in 1853, vrith 
 two yokes of oxen, two cows, three horses and 
 two wagons, being twenty-seven days on the 
 road. He worked at blacksmithing in Minne- 
 apolis, one year, then joined his father on the 
 homestead in Plymouth. He was married De- 
 cember 4th, 1862, to Mary A. Case, of Ohio, who 
 has borne him eight children, seven of whom are 
 living. In July, 1864, he enlisted in the Eighth 
 Minnesota Infantry, and was mustered out May, 
 
 1865. Mr. Hughes has a fine farm, and in con- 
 nection with it, carries on the lilacksmithing 
 business. 
 
 Charles W. Hughes was l)orn in England, May 
 2d, 1838. He came with his parents, Thomas 
 and Hannah Hughes, to America in 1849, and to 
 Minnesota in 1853. Charles AV. remained in St. 
 Anthony, working with Daniel Bassett, one of 
 the first carriage-makers in the pl^ce, one and 
 one-half years. He and his brother Henry made 
 claims in Benton county, remained one year, but 
 were obliged to abandon their claims on account 
 of scarcity of provisions. In the fall of 1859, he 
 built a carriage shop near the suspension bridge, 
 in Minneapols, and remained there until 1861, 
 when he enUsted in Company 1), First Mmnesota 
 Infantry, and served until mustered out in May, 
 1864, He participated in twenty-one engage- 
 ments, some of them the hardest-fought battles 
 of the war. In 1864 he joined Gen. Sully's expe- 
 dition up the Yellowstone ; returned in the fall 
 and worked for the government at Fort Snelling, 
 till the spring of 1865, when he came to Plymouth, 
 bought forty acres of land, to which he has since 
 added forty more, and has binlt up a good home. 
 Married to Martha Hatcher, of Ileinieiiin county. 
 May 14th, 1865, They have eight children.
 
 336 
 
 HISTOBY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 Edward Hughes was bom in England. October 
 IStli, 1849. At tlie age of three yeai-s. his father 
 and family came to the United States, and resided 
 at Burlington. Iowa, until 18-54. when they came 
 to Minnesota. Here Edward grew to manhood, 
 and farmed with his father until Xovember 28th, 
 1871. when he was married to Sarah Day. of 
 this county. They settled on the present farm 
 in March, 1873. They are the parents of four 
 children: George, Edward, Ada and Edna, 
 
 Joseiih .lamme, one of the early settlers of 
 Hennepin county, was born east of Quebec, Can- 
 ada, May 16th, 1814, He lived vrith his parents 
 on the farm until he reached the age of twenty- 
 foiu', and in 1S3S. removed to the I'niteil States, 
 residing in ilaine, engaged in lumber business 
 near Bangor. In 1853 he came to Minnesota, 
 and spent two years lumbering at St. Anthony 
 and on the river. In lS-5-5 he made a claim of 
 160 acres, in what is now Plymouth, where he 
 now lives. After residing on his claim one year, 
 he returned to Minneapolis and engaged in lum- 
 bering until 1866, since which time he has resid- 
 ed in this town where he has a pleasant home 
 twelve miles west of the city. lie was married 
 in Oldtown. Maine, to Miss Celeste Barber, of 
 that place. Tliey have had nine children, of 
 whom six are living. Those living are: Addie 
 P., Clara. Phwbe, Joseph B.. Henry C and Ber- 
 nard (J. 
 
 Alexander G. Jardine, a native of Scotland, 
 was bom in Ayreshire. on the sth of October. 1 847. 
 At the age of tifteen he commenced to learn the 
 blacksmith s trade, also worked for a time with 
 Randolph, Elder & Co.. ship builders of Govan. 
 Scotland. In 1869, he went to Canada ; stayed 
 one year, and then removed to Massachusetts, 
 but afterward returned to Canada, and in 1879. 
 he came to Plymouth, Minnesota, and established 
 a blacksmith shop, where he is doing a thiivliig 
 linsiness. October 19th, 1880, he mamed, in 
 Minneapolis, Miss Sarah, daughter of William 
 and Ellen Allen, of Scotland. 
 
 John II. Jordan, a native of Prussia, was born 
 January 16th. lS4o. Wlien seven yeai-s of age, 
 he came with his parents to America. They 
 landed in Xew York in the fall of 1852, and 
 went to Newark, Xew Jersey, for a short time, 
 and in 1853, moved to Illinois. In the spring of 
 1855, tliey came to Minnesota, and made a claim 
 
 on section 18 of what is now PhTiiouth township, 
 where they experienced, of course, their share of 
 the hardships of pioneer Ufe. In July. 1864, 
 John H. enlisted in the Sth Minn. Regt. Vol.. 
 
 ■ served nine months, and was mustered out at 
 
 I Port SnelUng. ilay Ifith. 1865. He returned to 
 
 ' the homestea<l and lived, until his marriage with 
 Anna M. Weidenbach. which occuned in Xovem- 
 ber. 1868. In 1871. he bought the farm where he 
 now lives. Mr. Jordan has lieen active in all the 
 
 I public afl'airs of the town, also in promoting the 
 causes of Christianity and education. He has 
 
 ; been assessor for six yeare, also justice of the 
 peace, and school officer for a number of years. 
 At present he fills the office of town clerk. They 
 
 I have had six children, only three of whom are 
 
 I li^^ng: Anna, John and Alexander. 
 
 Mathias Klausman was bom Jmie 12th. 1828, 
 
 , in Baden, Germany. He lived with his parents 
 
 I imtil twenty years of age, wlien he went into the 
 German army for a time. In 1852. he emigrated 
 to America, stayed in Xew York a short time. 
 
 I then removed to Ohio, where he was engaged in 
 farming, and also freighting ft)r the iron works, 
 until September. 1864, when he enlisted in Com- 
 pany P. One Hundred and Eighty-first Ohio 
 Volunteer Infantry, and served until the close of 
 the war. In 1866, he came to Minnesota, and 
 settled on a farm in Can-er county, where lie 
 lived seven years, then sold out, and came to 
 Plymouth; bought ninety-seven acres, on the east 
 side of Medicine Lake: in 1874, he bought fifty- 
 one acres more in section 23. He has a fleet of 
 pleasure l)oats. and his place is one of the 
 pleasantest on the lake, situated six miles west 
 of Muineapolis. Mr. Klausman married Miss 
 Prances Kreyer, of Germany. January 12th, 1855. 
 They have three living children: Peter. Charles, 
 and Prances. 
 
 Thomas Ottaway, a native of Devonshire, Eng- 
 land, was born May 16th. 1828. AA'hen he had 
 grown to manhood he took the superintendency 
 of an extensive farm near his birthplace. The 
 most of his time was spent in tliis business until 
 1869, when he broiight his family to America. 
 He was with 'William King, at Lyndale farm, one 
 year, then superintended the Wilmar farm, for 
 five years, and in 1876 lie bought a farm at Par- 
 ker's lake, but sold in 1880. and bought where 
 he now resides, one and one-half miles east of
 
 PL TMOUTH—BIOGBAPHICAL. 
 
 337 
 
 Wayzata. ^Ir. Ottaway was married to Miss 
 Mary E. Kowell, of England, August, 1 850. They 
 are the parents of two children: Mary and Emily. 
 
 Daniel C. Parker was born in Cunilierland 
 county, Maine, .June f)th, 1823. "Wlien four years 
 of age he went with his father's family to Ohin, 
 and remained nine years: then retnrned to Maine. 
 At the age of twenty-one he began ship-building, 
 and was engaged in this business eleven years, 
 helping build some of the largest sailing vessels 
 of that time. On the 28th of May, 185], Mr. 
 Parker married Miss Hester A., daughter of Ira 
 and Betsey Green, of Maine. In the spring of 
 1855 he came to Minnesota and pre-empted the 
 Farm where he now lives. In those days hunber 
 was hard to olrtain, and he built a log cabin, 20x30 
 feet, using bass-wood Ijark for sli ingles; he now 
 has a tine large barn, and about the year 1870, 
 he built his present residence. He has taken an 
 active part in all public affairs of the town; he 
 was a member of the first school board, chairman 
 of the first town board, and was also a delegate 
 to the first convention held in the state. They 
 have had a family of seven children; only five 
 are living. 
 
 James M. Parker, one of the pioneers of Ply- 
 mouth, was bom in Cumberland county, Maine, 
 September 5th, 1820. He accompanied his par- 
 ents to Kentucky, remained there one year 
 and left on account of hostile Indians, removing 
 to Cincinnati, Ohio, where his father engaged in 
 ship-building. He remained there until 183fi' 
 when they returned to Maine. James lived with 
 his parents until 184(5, when he married Ainia P. 
 Ridley, and removed to Massachusetts, remain- 
 ing one year. lie returned to Maine, and in 185(1, 
 brought his family to Minnesota, and made the 
 claim in this town, where he has since resided. 
 His father preceded him one year. There were 
 no roads at that time, and the Indians were con- 
 tinually passing to and fro. He has held all the 
 offices of the township, and has been justice of 
 the peace twenty-one years ; has been postmaster 
 at Parker's Lake tor nine years. He has also 
 been largely interested in the cause of education. 
 Alfred A., George M., Ella J., Marietta M., Fran- 
 cis E., Dora A., Carrie E., Walter I., Ida A., are 
 their children. Eugene E. died. 
 
 John H. Past was born in Luzerne county, 
 
 Pennsylvania, March 23d, 1849. He came with 
 22 
 
 his father to ^Minnesota in 1859, and remained 
 until 1863, when they went to Delaware. In 
 1877, John H. returned to Minnesota, where he 
 has since remained. Married Miss Margaret 
 Rowan, of Pennsylvania, December 25tli, 1864. 
 They have had four children; only one of them 
 is living. 
 
 Ileiny Prohl was born in Mecklenburg-Schwer- 
 en, in 1827. At the age of sixteen he started 
 in life for himself, and engaged in farming imtil 
 1858 when he came to this country, and to Miiuie- 
 apolis. After living there nine years, he bought 
 the farm where he now lives, on the south shore 
 of Bass Lake. Wlien he came to this country 
 he was a poor man; now has a fine, well-stocked 
 farm. He was married in Minneapolis, in 1859, 
 to Dora Went, of his native place. They have 
 had eight children, only two of whom are living : 
 Charles and Henry. 
 
 r. Radintz, one of the early settlers of Plym- 
 outh, was born in Prussia, J(nie 29th, 1828. He 
 remained with his parents until fifteen years of 
 age, when he began life for himself, and was en- 
 gaged as shepherd until 1852, when he came to 
 America. lie went to Sheboygan, Wisconsin, 
 and thence to the Lake Superior copper mines 
 for nearly two years. In October 18.54, he came 
 to what is now Plymouth, and made a claim of 
 the farm where he now lives. He Imilt a small 
 log house and shaved out shingles for the roof. 
 After remaining one year, he removed to Saint 
 Anthony where he was engaged in well-digging 
 for two years. In November 1857, he was mar- 
 ried to Christina Snabel, of Pi-ussia, and located 
 on this farm, which he has since improved un- 
 til it is a fine place. He has been treasurer of 
 of the school district and has done much for the 
 cause of education. Of the fourteen children 
 born to them, eleven reside with their parents on 
 the farm. 
 
 Nicholas Roehl, a native of Prussia, was born 
 February 21st, 1827. When Nicholas was ten 
 years old. his father died, and four years later, 
 he began teaching, which he continued four years. 
 His mother died, and he engaged in farming for 
 nine years. He was married January 22d, 1849. 
 to Anna ^Mary Schneider, and in June, 1854, 
 brought his family to America, and settled near 
 Samt Paul. In April, 1864, he bought the farm 
 in Plymouth, where he now lives, situated eleven
 
 338 
 
 mSTOBT OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 miles west of Minneapolis, where he has built up 
 a pleasant home. He lias been supenisor and 
 justice of the peace, and has also been assessor 
 three years. Of the twelve children bom to them 
 eight are now living. 
 
 Jacob Roths, a native of German)-, was born 
 August 6th, 183". He remained with his parents 
 until he reached maturity. He was married Oc- 
 tober 19th, 186-5. to Katherine Xilles. of Ger- 
 many, and in November started for America. He 
 came directly to Minnesota and lived on Medicine 
 Lake till January 1866, when he bought the farm 
 where he now lives. He has been treasurer oi 
 the township foiu: years, also supenisor, and is 
 chairman of the present board. He has a fam- 
 ily of seven children : four boys and three girls. 
 
 August F. Sandhoff was bom in Pmssia, April 
 23d, 1834. He lived with his parents imtil twen- 
 ty-one years of age, and worked at carpenters" 
 trade until 1861, when he came to America. He 
 located in Saint Anthony, and in 1868, bought 
 the farm where he now lives, in the town of 
 Plymouth, eight miles from Mimieapolis. In 
 1869 he was married to Miss WiUmina Sprung, 
 of Prussia. They are the parents of five 
 children, three of whom are living : Otto. Emma 
 and Mary. Mr. Sandhoff has been prominent in 
 the growth of the town. He aaid his wife are 
 members of the Evangelical Church. 
 
 Herman A. Sandhoff was born in Prussia, Jan- 
 uary 13th, 1830. He lived with his parents un- 
 til the age of eighteen, when he began the trade 
 of stone mason, and in 18-51. moved to Berlin, 
 where he worked until 18-54. He then came to 
 America and worked at his trade in Galena, Hli- 
 nois. a few weeks, then came to St. Antliony, 
 where he worked seven months, on the old Island 
 mill and the paper mill. In January 1855, he 
 made a claim to the farm where he now lives. 
 At that time the region around him was an un- 
 broken wildemess, save one or two settlers. He 
 was married to Miss AmeUa Schmidt, of Henne- 
 pin comity. They have had seven children, six 
 now li\-ing. Mr. Sandhoff has been supervisor, 
 and has been active in promoting the affairs of 
 the town. He and his wife are members of the 
 Lutheran Church. 
 
 Carl Schiebe Sr., a native of Prussia, was born 
 on the 8th of January, 1822. He lived with his 
 
 parents until twenty-one years of age, when he 
 commenced freighting, and was thus engaged 
 until 1863. when he came to America ; he lived in 
 New York three years, and in 1866. removed to 
 iliimeapolis, where he remained seven years. In 
 1873 he bought two hundred acres of land in 
 Plymouth, and built a house, 18x28 feet, which 
 he proposed to use for a hotel ; he soon foiuid it 
 was not large enough to accommodate the nu- 
 merous travelers, so he Iniilt an adition 20x28 
 feet ; the house is now well known throughout 
 the county as the Farmer's Home. In 1879, he 
 bought one hundred and sixty acres of land in 
 section 35, where he erected a large dwelling 
 house and bams on the Mmneapolis and Wayzata 
 road. In 1844, Mr. Sdiiebe married Johanna 
 Genka, of Prussia. 
 
 Frederick Henry Benjamin Schmidt was born 
 in Prussia. December 27th, 1829. He lived with 
 his parents imtil twenty-one years of age, when 
 he enlisted in the Pnissiau army, and served three 
 years. In 18-53 he came to America, and after a 
 stay of one j ear near Chicago, came to St. Antho- 
 ny, and in the spring of 18-55, made a claim of 160 
 acres where he now lives. He resided in St. An- 
 thony eleven yeai-s, engaged in carpenter work 
 and teaming. In January. 1854, he made a trip, 
 with team, to the Eed Eiver country, and was 
 out twenty-nine days. During this trip he expe- 
 rienced many hardships, being several days with- 
 out food for himself or team. He was married 
 December 17th, 1857. to Barbara Ortlieb, of 
 Prussia, and in the following spring moved to his 
 home in Plymouth, where he has since resided. He 
 has been school officer for a number of years. 
 
 Dennis Schmitz was born in Coblentz Parish, 
 west of the River Rhine, April 29th, 1827. He 
 lived with his parents until eighteen years of age, 
 when he entered the army, and served until 1850. 
 In 18-52 he came to America ; spent three yeare 
 in the lumber regions, of Michigan, and in 
 1855 came to Minnesota. The same year, his fa- 
 ther and family emigrated to America, and mak- 
 ing claims, settled in what is now Plymouth. Mr. 
 Schmitz has been active in all public affairs of the 
 town : was a member of the first school board, 
 and has been chairman of the town board a num- 
 ber of times. He was married in St. Paul, Feb- 
 ruary 6th. 1860, to Miss Susan Gainer, of Pmssia. 
 They are the parents of seven children
 
 MINNEAPOLIS— GENERAL DESCRIPTION. 
 
 339 
 
 MINNEAPOLIS. 
 
 CHAPTER LIV. 
 
 GENERAL DESCRIPTION — EARLY SETTLEMENT 
 
 —ORGANIZATION— -SCHOOLS TOWN HALL — 
 
 CLARK CHAPEL HOPKINS STATION SUM- 
 MER RESORTS — LYNDALE FARM — CEMETER- 
 IES INDUSTRIES AND MANUFACTURES 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL. 
 
 The history of this township is closely identi- 
 fied with that of the City of Minneapolis, from 
 which it derives its name. It is situated on the 
 right bank (»f tlie Mississippi river, and partially 
 surrovmds the city. A portion of its territory 
 was formerly embraced in the Fort Snelling Res- 
 ervation. The Mississi))pi river forms its eastern 
 boundary, south of the city limits, and Minne- 
 ha-ha creek separates it from Richfield for a short 
 distance on the south-east. In the south and 
 east, the surface is generally level, and in the 
 north and west, rolling and lightly timbered. 
 Previous to settlement, a growth of small brush, 
 existed over nearly the whole surface. This has 
 since been cleared, or alloweil to develop into 
 thrifty young timber ; in the latter case, the 
 larger growth has resulted from care, and freedom 
 froni fires. 
 
 The soil in the south and south-east, is a heavy 
 dark loam and in the north-west it is lighter, 
 with occasional sandy knolls. It generally pro- 
 duces fine crops. This township is noted for the 
 beauty of its lakes, which are found in nearly 
 every portion of its territory. A group of lakes 
 such as are of frequent occurrence in Minnesota, 
 is found m the central and southern parts of the 
 town. The largest of these is Lake Calhoun, 
 which is nearly round and has a circumference of 
 over three miles. Its waters are clear and in 
 some places, of great depth. The shores are 
 sandy and afford excellent bathing places. This 
 lake was named in honor of Hon. John C. Cal- 
 
 houn, at the time Fort Snelling was first occupied. 
 It is but little more than one mile distant from 
 the city limits, and being of easy access by fine 
 drives and the Lyndale Motor, is a favorite resort 
 with resident and tourist. Accommodations for 
 the comfort and pleasure of the visitor are fm- 
 nished, a description of which will be found fur- 
 ther on in this chapter. Lake Harriet is located 
 just south of Calhoun, and is very near the same 
 in size and shape; a portion of it is in the town of 
 Richfield. Its shores and bottom are sandy. 
 These lakes are of historic interest, f<n- on their 
 shores was erected the first houses, and here was 
 the first farming, by civilians, in Hennepin 
 county. Cedar Lake is situated north-west of 
 Calhoun, and is about one mile in length and 
 half a mile in width. Its shores are sandy, and 
 on the west, stony and gravelly. Lake of the 
 Isles, north of Lake Calhoun and separated from 
 it by a high gravelly beach and a narrow strip of 
 swampy land, contains as its name indicates, a 
 number of small islands. It covers about one 
 hundred and sixty acres, and has generally sandy 
 shores. Bass Lake, half a mile west of Lake 
 Calhoun, has an area of about eiglity acres, and 
 shores similar to those of Cedar Lake. In tlie 
 south-eastern part of the town, is Rice Lake, 
 through which flows Minnehaha creek. In the 
 northern part, is Keegan Lake, on section ^0, 
 Sweeney and Twin lakes on sections 18 and 
 19, and Keller's Lake on section 32. On section 
 12, near tlie west line of the town is Lake Han- 
 nan, and in the central part, are lakes Held and 
 Hallaron on section 30. These and other small 
 lakes, are more or less marshy. All the lakes 
 mentioned, like others in the country, were well 
 stocked with fish, when the county was first set- 
 tled and some of them still affcu'd good fishing. 
 The waters of Bass Lake flow south-easterly, 
 through a small creek into Calhoun. The outlet 
 of Calhoun is on the south and connects it with
 
 340 
 
 HTSTOBY OF HENNEPIN COVNTT. 
 
 Lake Han-iet. from wiience a small creek con- 
 veys the united waters into Jliiniehaba creek, 
 near tlie Kiclitielii mills. Cellar Lake and Lake 
 of the Isles, have no \-isible outlets. 
 
 The principal creeks of the townsliip. are Ba.s- 
 setfs and :Minne-ha-ha. The latter rises in lake I 
 Minnetoiika. and. entering the town on the west, 
 flows across the southwest comer mto the town 
 of Richfield, and thence through Rice Lake, fi-om j 
 which point to its junction with the Mississippi 
 river, it forms the boundary of the township. 
 Bassett's creek enters the township from the 
 west, and flows in an easterly direction across it 
 and the city, and empties into the Mississippi 
 river just within the limits of the original militan- 
 resenatinn. 
 
 i 
 
 E.VULY SETTI.EMEXT. 
 
 The fii^st peiMon who lived within the limits of 
 this township, is said to have been Joseph R. \ 
 I5rown. a discharged soldier, who, by tolerance of 
 the connnanding officer at Fort Snelluig, dwelt 
 near Minne-ha-ha Falls, within the resen-ation. 
 Major Taliaferro, in 1829, opened a farm on the 
 shores of Lake Calhoun, for the benefit of the 
 Sioux Indians, and as Mimie-ha-ha was called | 
 Brown's Falls, after General Jacob Brown, and 1 
 Lake (^alhoun was named after a late secretary i 
 of war, he called the settlement Eaton^Hle, after j 
 the Hon, John II. Eaton, of Tennessee, secretary j 
 of war under President Jackson from 1829 to | 
 1831, The fii-st fanner of the establislunent was 
 Philander Prescott. In 1834, the Pond brothere 
 arrived, and were the first civilians to erect a 
 dwelling in the county. Eatonville grew to 
 <juile a village, but upon the removal of the Da- 
 kotahs to the banks of the Miimesota, in 1843, 
 the inipro\ ements at Lakes Calhoun and Harriet 
 were abandoned. From that date until 1S41>, we 
 can leani of no settlements on the west side of ' 
 the river. In the spring of that year, Philander i 
 Prescott made a claim on the east side of what is 
 now Minne-ha-ha avenue. This claim being on 
 the military resenation, he was not allowed to 
 remain, and it was occupied by Fi-anklin Steele, I 
 who had permission from the secretary of war 
 for such occupation, Prescott then located a 
 claim adjoining Steele on the west, but did not 
 take ])ossession of it until after the re.seiTation 
 came into market. His home was in the towni of 
 
 Richfield imtil liis death. He was born in On- 
 tario county. New York, in 1801, In 1819 he 
 visited a brother at Detroit. Michigan, and while 
 there, engaged as clerk with Mr. Devotion, a snt- 
 tler. for a trip up the ilLssissippi, In the latter 
 part of the year 1819, he arrived at the canton- 
 ment of Fort St, Anthony, now Fort Snelling, 
 then in command of Col. Leavenworth. In the 
 winter of 1824-5, he was ti-ading near the fort. 
 The Indians stole some of his goods, part of 
 which were restored: in settlement of his claim 
 for those not restored, the chief gave him his 
 daughter in marriage. For three yeai-s he was 
 with the Columliia Fur Company, and in 1830. 
 w'as appointed Indian farmer at Lake Calhoun. 
 He was temporarily engaged as interpreter at the 
 Redwood agency when the outbreak occurred, 
 and was killed by the Indians in August. 1862. 
 His wife and a daughter were taken prisoners, 
 but effected their escape through the aid of 
 friendly Indians, and retimied to their home at 
 ^linne-ha-ha. These two. an adopted daughter 
 and one son are dead. The eldest daughter, 
 Mi-s. Pettijohn, is living at Shakopee, and an- 
 other daughter, Mi-s, Hamilton, is living in Eden 
 Prairie, There is also a son surviving. 
 
 In the winter of 1849, Charles Monsseaux. by 
 permission of the militaiy authorities at Fort 
 Snelling, made a claim on the eastern shore of 
 Lake Calhovm, and built his shanty on the site of 
 the old mission where the Ponds resided, now oc- 
 cupied by the Pavillion, He remained on this 
 chiim until the fall of 1857, when he moved to the 
 cit>' of Minneapolis, where he resided imtil the 
 fall of 1880, He then removed to his present 
 place, south of the city limits, on section 34. He 
 was Iwm in Montreal, Canada, in 1806. He was 
 employed by the American Fur Compan\ as voy- 
 agenr. and in that capacity arrived at Fort Snell- 
 ing in 1829. After about a week he went to Lac 
 qui Parle, where he remained about a year. He 
 then retimied to Fort Snelling. and thence to 
 Piairie du Chien. He was a carpenter and house 
 painter, and engaged in those trades for several 
 years. In 1830 he assisted in the improvements 
 then being made at the Fort. He also liuilt the 
 house of Col Stevens, the tii-st iii Mimieapolis. 
 
 Shortly after Jlonsseaux, came Rev. E. G. 
 Gear, chaplain at Fort Snelling. and made a claim 
 east of Lake Calhoun, by permission of the niili-
 
 MINNEAPOLIS— E ABLY SETTLEMENT. 
 
 ail 
 
 tary authorities. He never lived on the claim, 
 l)ut employed Edniond Brissett to hold it until 
 sucli time as lie could enter it. When that time 
 arrived, a contest arose between them as to the 
 ownership of the claim. Mr. Gear, with the aid 
 of Judge Black and Hon. 11. M. Kice, got a bill 
 through Congress, allowing him to enter the land 
 at government price. He paid Mrs. Brissett two 
 hundred dollars to leave the claim. Brissett and 
 family then moved to Plymouth, where the family 
 now reside. He now lives In St. Paul. Mr. Gear 
 remamed at Fort SneUiug until 1860, when he 
 moved to Fort Ripley, where he remained until 
 1868, then returned to Minneapolis. In 1870 he 
 sold his claim, and it is now part of the " Lyndale 
 Farm." He died in October, 1873, and was 
 buried hi Lakewood Cemetery. His wife and 
 part of the family still reside in Minneapolis. One 
 of his sons is the present governor of the state of 
 Iowa. 
 
 The next claimant was IJavid Gorham, who lo- 
 cated on the eastern side of Lake of the Isles. It 
 embraced the southwest quarter of section 33. He 
 sold his claim to R. P. Russell, who bought it for 
 his brother, L. K. Russell. The latter, hi 1852, 
 placed a tenant on it for a time, and it finally be- 
 came the property of R. P. Russell, who now 
 owns it. Gorham is living in Plymouth. 
 
 In April, 18.51, John Berry made a claim on the 
 west side of Cedar Lake on section 31, and 
 raised the first crop on the west side. He lived 
 on his claim until 1867, then sold, and has since 
 resided in the city of Minneapolis. During the 
 winter of 1851-'2 rumors of the proposed reduc- 
 tion of the ^lilitary Reservation caused consider- 
 able excitement among the residents of Sauit 
 Anthony and the new arrivals from the East in 
 search of locations. Early in the spring of 18.52, 
 claim-staking Ijegan, and in a short time nearly 
 every deskable location snutli of the city, and 
 within the present boundaries of the town, was 
 claimed. Claim-shanties were erected on nearly 
 all of them, and some had a small piece of land 
 plowed. But the land not behig subject to entry, 
 they were trespassers, and sokliers were sent out 
 from the fort to drive them away. It was a common 
 occmrence for a squatter to leave his place with 
 everything all right, and returning, after an absence 
 of one day, to find his sliant>' a wreck, and any 
 other improvements he might have made destroyed. 
 
 "Clami jumpmg" was also greatly in vogue for a 
 time, but the older settlers, who held the prior 
 right to the claims, organized themselves hito a 
 society, known as the " Equal Right and Impar- 
 tial Protection Claim Association of Hennepin 
 county, M. T." The object of this association 
 was to protect each actual settler in his right to a 
 claim, and the " jiunper'" fared badly who fell in- 
 to the hands of this league. A coimuittee, con- 
 sisting of members of the organization, was ap- 
 pointed, whose duty it was to decide questions in 
 regard to the ownership of clahns, arising between 
 members of the association. A decision once 
 made, it was not well for the defeated party to try 
 and gain his end by force or strategy. A few, 
 having permission from the officers of the Fort 
 to remain, held their claims easil\- : but the nian\- 
 were obliged to wait until the restriction to settle- 
 ment was removed by the government. In fact, 
 all who had claims, and were living on them, pre- 
 vious to the release, did so by the permission of 
 the authorities at the Fort, or of the War Depail- 
 ment. When the reduction of the reservation 
 took place, in the spring of 1853, the rush for 
 claims was so great that it is Impossible to name 
 the settlers of that year ui the order of their ar- 
 rival, ('lainis were made simultaneously, west 
 and southwest of Minneapolis, but it was not mi- 
 til a later i)eriod that the more remore remote por- 
 tions of the township were settled. 
 
 Among those who settled in 1852, were, T. W. 
 Peirce, who bought his claim of a Mr. Lowell in 
 October of that year, and has since resided in 
 this town on the original claim. He effected a 
 settlement with the government by which lie was 
 allowed to remain. His house, on section 5, west 
 of Lake Calhoun, was the only one to be seen, 
 at that time, between Berry's, west of him, and 
 that of J. H. Stevens, then located near the pres- 
 ent suspension bridge. F. X. Cripeau, made 
 his claim at a very early date, and entered it as 
 soon as the land came into market. This was on 
 section 16, just west of the present limits of the 
 city, where he has since lived. Robert Blaisdell 
 and son Robert, made claims in 18.52, where 
 they now live. J. T. Blaisdell located on the 
 north-east (piarter of section 34. Otliers who 
 located in that year were, George Parks. Gordon 
 Jackins, Edgar Folsom, Nathan Roberts, Simon 
 Odell, and Titus Pettijohn. Eli Pettijohn had a
 
 3-12 
 
 HJSTOBY OF HENNEPiy COUNTY. 
 
 claim near the Fort Snelliiig road, but never 
 lived on it. Charles Brown took a claim thiough 
 the aid of Captain John Rollins, in section 1. and 
 Frank Rollins had a claim near by. Benjamin 
 Parker located where the Gilmore Furniture 
 Factor.- now stands, and William Richardson, 
 on sections 10 and 11. He afterward removed 
 to [Meeker countj', where, several years ago. he 
 shot his wife, but not fatally, and then shot him- 
 self with fatal effect. Sweet TT. Case located a 
 claim in 18-52. and a widow lady. Mre. Saver, 
 made a claim shortly after. Deacon John S. 
 Mann, located the north-east quarter of section 
 SI. and in 18-57 sold it to John Potts BrowTi. It 
 is now a part of the Lyndale Farm. Deacon 
 Mann removed to southern Miunesotti, and to 
 Iowa, shortly after selling his claim, and is now 
 tlie owner of a large stock ranche near Mandan, 
 Dakota Temtorj-. 
 
 Chandler Hutchins made a claim on section 3, 
 on what is now the west side of Chicago avenue. 
 C. C. Garvey. located his claim on section 10, and 
 has since resided there. 
 
 In 1852. Charles Gilpati-ick. who is still livmg 
 on a part of the origmal claim, made a selection 
 of eighty acres in what is now section 35. Dur- 
 ing the summer of 1853. he broke one himdred 
 and forty acres of land, for himself and others ; 
 this was the first large amount of breaking by 
 one mdividual. In 1853, Martin Layman bought 
 the claim taken by Hanscom, and it is stated that 
 he and Mr. GUpatrick. raised, in 18-54. the largest 
 crops in the township. Ard Gotlfrey. who had 
 resided in Saint ..Vnthony since 18-19, made 
 his claim in 1853. on Minne-ha-ha creek. Dur- 
 ing the year he built a saw-mill, the first in 
 the to^^■nship. which he operated for a nimiber of 
 years. It was destroyed by fire in 1863. Rev. J. 
 Cressy made, late in the fall of 1852, a claim of 
 the north-west quarter of section 10, south-east 
 of Lake Calhoun, and after holding it two years 
 sold to one Perkins, and went to Hastings, near 
 where he made another claim. He returned to 
 Minneapolis, and resides in the city. The 
 original claim is now the farm of H. Van Xest. 
 VT. G. Moffett came to Fort Snellmg in 1849, 
 and in 18-52, made a claim on section 7 near Min- 
 ne-ha-ha Falls; this is now owned by Joseph Dean. 
 His oldest son. VT. R. Moffett came in 1852, and 
 located his claim on section 7, where he still re- 
 
 sides. Judge Moffett, died about four years ago, 
 at the house of his son-in-law. A. S. Adams, 
 with whom the ^\idow still lives. He was buried 
 in Lakewood cemetery. 
 
 The western and northern portions of the 
 township were not permanently settled until a 
 later period. Although not included m the mili- 
 tary reservation, land in that part of the town 
 was not considered so desirable, and the rush for 
 locations was not so great. Among the first were 
 the Hallaron brothers. William Byrnes. Thomas 
 Gaffney, Peter Curley, John Green. Frank and 
 John Doyle, and John and Daniel Braekins. the 
 latter with their parents. The Hallarons were 
 from Cortland comity. Xew York, and settled in 
 the western part of the to^xii. The first of these, 
 was Patrick, who came in the fall of 18-52. He 
 died from injuries received by the kick of a horse, 
 in 1877. His widow still occupies the homestead 
 on section 29. John J., Dennis, Michael, Eugene, 
 Thomas and -Jeremiah HaUoran anived in 1854. 
 They are all Uviug in that portion of the town 
 where they first settled, with the exception of 
 Thomas, who has been in business in the citj- 
 for the past five years. Of the Doyle brothers, 
 John died about ten years ago. and Fnrnk still 
 resides on the farm on section 33. The south- 
 west part of the town was settled in 18-54 by H. 
 H. Hopkins. George M. Bums and F. H. AVar- 
 neke. Hopkins and Wameke still reside here. 
 Bums died about three years ago; his family 
 still live on the farm. John Hannan and sous, 
 settled in the west part of the township in 1855. 
 From the time the reserv-ation was thrown open 
 to settlers, the growth of the townsliip was rapid; 
 more substantial farm houses and their necessary 
 adjuncts, bams and granaries, took the place of 
 the hastily consti-ucted "claim shanties" which 
 had served their piu-pose. and were no longer 
 needed. The proximity to Saint Authony and 
 later, to Minneapolis, the only markets, made 
 locatipns in this township, and Richfield on the 
 south, eagerly sought for. and speculation in 
 claims was rife, fabulous sums being asked for 
 the more desirable. 
 
 OBGAMIZATIOX. 
 
 The tiret meeting for the organization of the 
 to\Miship and the election of officers was held May 
 11th, 18-58. The first officers elected were: Super-
 
 MINNEAPOLIS— ORGANIZATION— SCHOOLS. 
 
 343 
 
 visors, E. P. Russell, chairman, G. D. Richard- 
 son, Daniel Bassett, Edward Murphy, 1. 1. Lewis ; 
 Clerk, George H. Hamilton ; Assessor, L. F. Cook; 
 Collector, L. W. Rhine ; Overseer of Poor, Wash- 
 ington Getchell; Justices, George E. Huy and 
 Henry Hill ; Constables, C. C. Beekman and A. 
 P. Hoover; Overseer of Roads, A. B. Kingsbury. 
 At a special election October 2d, 1858, Daniel 
 Bassett, G. D. Ricliardson, Cyrus Aldrich. and 
 M. S. Hoblitt were elected to seats on the Board 
 of County Commissioners. Following is given a 
 list of the chairman of the Board of Town Super- 
 visors, in the order in which they served : For 
 1859, Cyrus Aldiidi ; 186(i. Daniel Bassett ; 1861, 
 Collins Hamer ; 1862 to 1866, inclusive, S. H. Mat- 
 tison ; 1866 to 1873, inclusive, Benjamin Parker; 
 1874 to 1876, inchisive, E. Groesbeck; 1877 to 
 1880, inclusive, R. P. Russell. The other otlicers 
 for 1880 were : SupeiTisors, U. P. Wilson and C. 
 L. Larpenteiu: ; Clerk, A. D. Libby ; Treasurer, 
 J. T. Grimes ; Justices, A. S. Adams and E. 
 Yost; Constable, William Somers. The bounda- 
 ries of the township, as established by the Board 
 of County Commissioners, April 10th, 1858, were 
 as follows : " Beginning at a pouit on the Missis- 
 sippi River, at the south line of section 12, town- 
 ship 118 north, of range 21 west of the Hfth prin- 
 cipal meridian ; thence west to the southwest cor- 
 ner of section 7 ; thence south, to the southwest 
 corner of section 7, township 117 north, of range 
 21 west of the fifth principal meridian ; thence 
 east to the Mississippi River; thence up said 
 river to the place of beguiuing." July 8th, 1858, 
 one tier of sections, on the north, was taken to 
 form part of the town of Farmersville. This 
 town, however, was never organized, and the 
 boundaries of Minneapolis remained as originally 
 established until 1860, when two tiers of sections 
 on the north were made a part of Crystal Lake 
 township. 
 
 No more clianges in boundaries occurred until 
 1867, when the two northern tiers of sections of 
 the town of Richfield, and that portion lying 
 north of Minne-ha-ha creek, below Rice Lake 
 (then called Eagle Lake) were added to Minne- 
 apolis. The legislative bill providing for this 
 change of boundary, was approved March 7th, 
 1867. An effort was made in the spring of 1868 
 to restore this territory to Richfield ; but at the 
 annual town meeting m Minneapolis, only one 
 
 vote was cast in favor of the measure. A bill 
 approved February 6th, 1867, in which was de- 
 fined the boundaries of the city of MinneapoUs, 
 gave to the territory embraced in the township 
 outside the city, the name of Brighton. Tliis 
 name did not suit the people at all, and the bill 
 above mentioned as annexing the ]iortion of 
 Richfield, restored tlie name, Miimeapolis. The 
 following statistics from the reports of the As- 
 sessor of the township for the years given, serve 
 to show the rapid increase in values and in pop- 
 ulation. In 1869, the assessed valuation of real 
 estate was 8266,285; hi 1875, 81,166,376 ; in 1880, 
 82,550,744. In addition to tliis valuation, there 
 was in 1880, a valuation of $954,582, for town 
 lots, outside of the city Umits. The number of 
 acres of land in 1880, was given at 24,602. The 
 valuation of personal property in 1869, was, 861,- 
 262; in 1875,8167,828; in 1880,8262,419. Num- 
 ber of horses, over two years old, in 1869, 319; 
 in 1875, 531 ; in 1880, 700. Number of cattle 
 over two years old, in 1869, 719; in 1875, 1,134; 
 in 1880, 1,292. Number of sheep, in 1869, 387 ; 
 in 1875, 576 ; in 1880, 460. Number of hogs, in 
 1869, 154; in 1875, 211; in 1880, 549. Bushels 
 of wheat, in 1869, 44,399; in 1875, 23,703; num- 
 ber of acres sown in 1880, 2,763. The amount 
 of taxes for the township, was hi 1869, 88,935 ; in 
 1875, 821,990; in 1880, 827,995. AccortUng to 
 the census of 1880, the township has a popula- 
 tion of 2,757. 
 
 .SCHOOLS. 
 
 The first school in the township, was opened ui 
 the summer of 1853, and Miss Jennie Learning 
 taught a three month's term. The building used, 
 was located on section 7, near Minne-ha-ha Falls, 
 and was erected by W. G. Moffett and son and 
 the Blaisdells, assisted by a few (if their neigh- 
 bors. Tlie material for the ))uilding and the 
 ground on which it stood, were provided by Phi- 
 lander Prescott. Although liuilt by private par- 
 ties, and with their own funds, it was made a 
 public school, and all who wished, could avail 
 themselves of its privileges. Mr. Prescott also 
 furnished a large part of the money to pay the 
 teacher. This building was used for a number 
 of years, and was twice moved for the better ac- 
 comodation of the scholars. In 1875, the pres- 
 ent frame building, was erected near the site of 
 the old school-house, on the north-west quarter
 
 344 
 
 HISTOBY OF HENNEPIN COUNIT. 
 
 of section 7. on the west side of Minne-ha-ha 
 Avenue. This is now district Xo. 113. Another 
 of the eai-ly school-liouses, was located on what 
 is now Chicago Avenue, just outside the city lim- 
 its. It was built of brick, and used for some 
 time, but on accomit of a tlivision of the districts, 
 it was abandoned and subsequently, toni down. 
 The township now has eight^entire and five 
 joint districts, ^\■ith twelve school-houses. The 
 ■• t'entennial School " located near the Harvester 
 ■\Vorks, is a very fine building, of brick and two- 
 stories high. Distiict number 9, about one mile 
 north-west of the Centemiial. has a one-story 
 stone building. The remaining districts have 
 good substantial ft-ame houses, and are all sup- 
 plied with the necessaiy apparatus used in the 
 modern district school. 
 
 TOWX HALL. 
 
 Since the organization of the township, the an- 
 nual and special town meetings have been held 
 in school-houses: but m 1880, the increase in pop- 
 ulation, demanding a fixed place, ui a central 
 location, the town erected a •• Town Hall," on 
 the north-east quarter of section 4, the lot oc- 
 cupied, being one of the Lyndale Park. This 
 is a ven neat frame Iniililing. and a credit to the 
 town. 
 
 CLAKK fUAPKL. 
 
 The onl\ church edifice hi the township, is lo- 
 cated hi the southern part on section 7. It was 
 erected in 1878, as a branch of Plymouth church. 
 MinneapoUs, at a total expense for building and 
 furnishing, of about SI .400. means being sup- 
 plied by subscription among the people of 
 the >icinity. It is ui size, 30x48 feet and is 
 nicely furnished. The name was given in honor 
 of E. C. Clark, who established and mamtained 
 a Sabbath-school in the school-house opposite the 
 chiurch. Mr. Clark died ui 1874. and the Sabbath 
 school has since been kept up. and now lias an 
 average attendance of about sixty. Mr. G. B. 
 Shepard of Minneapolis is the supermtendent. 
 There is no church organization, but senices 
 were held regularly once a month during the 
 time Plymouth chmch was supplied with a 
 pastor, and since then occasionally. The people 
 of the neighborhood meet eveiy Sunday evening 
 for Bible readings. 
 
 HOPKIXS STATION. 
 
 This is a station on the ^Ihuieapolis and St. 
 Louis EaUway, and was established in 1871. It 
 takes its name from H. H. Hopkins, one of the 
 promment farmers. The post-office, located at 
 the depot is called Hopkins, and was established 
 hi 1873. H. H. Hopkins has been postmaster 
 suice. Tliis is the only post-office in the town- 
 ship outside of the city. The ^Minnetonka branch 
 of the M. & St. L. Kailway leaves the main line 
 here, and the Benton cut-off of the C. M. & St. 
 P. Railway passes near. There are no stores or 
 public buildhigs. 
 
 South Miiineai)ohs, is a station on the C. M. & 
 St. P. Railway located one mile south of the city 
 limits. This is merely a way station and has no 
 post-office. 
 
 SIMMER KE.SOKTS. 
 
 The gi'eat lieaut\ of the lakes of this township, 
 and the facility with which they may be reached 
 from the city, make them peculiarly attractive to 
 the tourist, and to the business man, who ^\^th his 
 family seeks recreation and freedom from the per- 
 plexities of commercial or professional life, by 
 wliilLug away a few horn's, or days, at some of the 
 charming s])ots to be found within an hour's ride 
 of the city. Lake Calhoun, the largest of the 
 lakes, is connected with the city' by means of the 
 ^Minneapolis. L.\ iidale and Lake Calhoun Railway, 
 which was buUt in the spring of 1879. and during 
 the following year extended to Lake llaiTiet. On 
 the east of Lake Calhoim is Lyndale Park, and 
 the PavilUon. a large pubUc builduig. erected by 
 Col. W. S. Kmg, and opened in 1877. The di- 
 mensions of the building are 60x100 feet, and 
 two stories lugh above basement. Two wide ver- 
 andahs extend entirely around the structure, and 
 furnish excellent promenades, with a fine view 
 of the lake and the sun'ounding covmtry. On the 
 west side of this lake is Lakeside Park and hotel. 
 The latter is 40 x 70 feet, and tno stories in height. 
 On an eminence m the grounds of Lakeside Park 
 is located a tower, which rises to the height of 
 sixty feet, and the.\ who toU to its summit are 
 amply repaid by a ^•iew of the beautiful panor- 
 ama of nature around and below them. On the 
 west side are also located several mineral springs, 
 one of which has been curbed, and its surround- 
 Lngs improved, and has become quite popular with
 
 MINNEAPOLIS— L YNBALE FABM— CEMETERIES. 
 
 345 
 
 the public. A sulphur spring is located a short 
 
 distance southwest of tlie lake, Ijut has not yet 
 been developed or improved. Tlie Lake Calhoun 
 House was built on the north shore of the lake in 
 1876, and was intended for a summer hotel. It 
 was one of the linest structures on the lake, but 
 had never been used to any extent up to the 
 time it was destroyed by th-e. in .January. 1880. 
 The Lake View House is located on the northeast 
 shore of the lake, and was built in 187.5. A large 
 and elegant steamer was placed on Lake Calhoun 
 in the summer of 1880. and is run diu-ing the sea- 
 son in comieotion with tlie ^lotor railway, making 
 a tour of the lake. The present terminus of the 
 railway is at Lake Haniet, but the intention is to 
 extend it to Excelsior. On the southwest shore 
 of Cedar Lake is located the Oak Grove House' 
 erected in 1877, by the Rev. Mr. Scott. The 
 building is about seventy-live feet scpuire and four 
 stories in height, surmovnited by a cupola, from 
 which an extended view, including part of the 
 city of Mimieapolis, may be oljtained. Tlie hotels 
 and parks above mentioned are open to the public 
 through the summer season, and during that time 
 are well patronized, as may be seen from the fact 
 that, in the summer of 1880. the Lyndale liaihvay 
 carried over one hundred tluiusand passengers. 
 
 Oswald's summer garden, situated on the Cedar 
 Lake road and west of the city limits, was located 
 and improvements begun in 187o. "With its at- 
 tractive drives, walks, and rustic decorations, it 
 makes a pleasant place of resort. Connected with 
 it is a green-house, 12x82 feet, containing four 
 thousand plants. 
 
 THE LYNDALE 1 ARM. 
 
 This model farm, wliicli now eml)races al)out 
 one thousand two hiuidred acres, was opened by 
 Col. ^X. S. King, who began operations by pur- 
 chasing the farm of John Potts Brown. He ad- 
 ded by purchase, one farm after another, until in 
 1870, he had acquired a title to one tliousand 
 two hundred acres of land. About seven hun- 
 dred acres of this has been broken, and some of it 
 seeded to tame grasses. Tlie farm was originally 
 half timber and half jirairie land. The location 
 is excellent, bordering on the shores of Lakes 
 Calhoun and ILirriet, and distant from the city 
 about three miles. The farm-house, built ui 
 1870, is a double house, having a front of ninety- 
 
 six feet, and a depth of forty feet, and is two- 
 stories high. It contains twentv-six rooms, and 
 is well finished through-out. The great barn is 
 built on the most modern plan. Its main part is 
 52x76 feet, and thirty-six feet from the founda- 
 tion to tlie eaves. Tlie roof adds twenty feet to 
 the height, and above all, is the cupola, the top 
 of which is eighty feet from the ground. The 
 two wings of the barn are 36x180 feet, with six- 
 teen foot posts, and high roof, which affords im- 
 mense storing room, the total capacity being 
 about two hvuuhed and fifty tons of hay. Tlie 
 stables furnish accommodations for two hundred 
 horses and cattle. The farm was stocked with a 
 large number of blooded cattle, horses, sheep 
 and hogs, among them, some of the most noted 
 animals of Great Britain, which had taken pre- 
 mimus at the national faks held there; among 
 the horses was the celebrated stallion "Duke of 
 .Saratoga '" a descendant of " Bashaw '' and de- 
 scribed by horse-men as a very fine animal. Since 
 1876, .James Smith, of long experience in the 
 management of large farms, has been in charge. 
 
 CEMKTEIUKS. 
 
 The township has four cemeteries: the Lake- 
 wood. Cemetery of the Immaculate Conception, 
 the Montefiore and the Minneapolis Cemetery. 
 Lakewood cemetery is situated on the south-east 
 shore of Lake Calhoun, and contains about 140 
 acres of land. Tlie gnuuids were purchased in 
 1871, by an association, formed for the purpose, 
 and the improvements were begun the following 
 year, and have been continued until this ceme- 
 tery ranks with the more beautiful homes of the 
 dead in the country. 
 
 The cemetery of the Iniiiiaculate Conception, 
 is located on the south line of tlie township, one 
 mile west of Rice Lake. It contains about 
 thirty acres, and was established in 1867. This 
 is the only cemetery of the Catholic faith in the 
 township, and is under the ininiediate supervis- 
 ion of Owen Finley. 
 
 The Montefiore cemetery located on section 10. 
 about two and one-half miles south of the city 
 limits, contains two acres, and was purchased by 
 the Montefiore Cemetery Association, in 1876. 
 The improvement of the grounds was com- 
 menced but recently. 
 
 The Minneapolis cemetery is located south of
 
 346 
 
 HISTOBY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 and near the city limits. It embraces twenty 
 acres of liie:li. ilry land, and was laid out in 1860, 
 by :Martin Layman, by whom it is still ownied. 
 The first mterment. was that of a Mr.s. AVard- 
 well, smce which there have been five thousand 
 interments in this -silent city." This cemetery 
 has received extra attention and shows care and 
 taste hi the arrangement of its t)rnamentations. 
 This was the first cemetery established on the 
 west side of the river. 
 
 IXDVSTKIES AXD MAJJUFACTUKES. 
 
 The prmcipal hidustiy of the people of this 
 town is agriculture. The excellent quality of the 
 soil making it a fa\ored locality, and the many 
 fine farms, with their commodious outl)uiklings> 
 are evidence of a high degree of thrift and pros- 
 perity. An important adjunct of the usiud farm 
 products is milk, for the population of the city 
 looks to the farmer m the vicinity for its daOy 
 supply of that necessary article. There ai-e a uiun- 
 ber of large dairies, employmg a small ai-my of 
 men and teams in the transportation and delivery. 
 
 The Globe Mill, on ilinne-ha-ha Creek, in sec- 
 tion 20, was built in 1874, by AV. P. Day and Co 
 This is the only merchant mill in the township- 
 It is a frame structure, with four runs of stone' 
 and a capacity of 12-5 barrels per day. When 
 first put in operation, water power was used; this 
 proving inadequate, a steam engine was added, 
 which now furnishes the power. The mill is 
 the property of the First National Bank, of Min- 
 neapolis. A side-track extends to it from the 
 Mumeapolis and 8t. Louis Railroad, affording 
 facilities for receiving and shipping. 
 
 On the north side of Mimie-ha-ha Creek, in the 
 south-eastern part of the township, is located a 
 grist-mill, which was erected in l.s.57. liy Ard. (iod. 
 frey, near the saw-mill which burned in 1863. 
 This mill was operated by ^h\ Gotlfrey until 1870. 
 and then sold to other parties. 
 
 There are two brick-yards m the town ; one 
 owned and operate I by W. W. "Woe dward. abou 
 one mile north of Hopkins Station, and one sit 
 uated north-west of Lake Calhoun, owned by G. 
 U. Erhardt. These yards employ a large force of 
 men during the summer season and manufacture 
 a superior (juality of brick. 
 
 The Mimieapolis Knitting Mills. This concern 
 was established on Bassett's creek, in the north 
 
 part of the town, in 1875. For one year previous 
 they had been located in the city. The factory was 
 destroyed by fire in 1878, and they immediately 
 rebuilt on the present site. The business con- 
 sists of knitting stockings and half-hose, in both 
 wool and cotton : large and small scarfs, cardigan 
 jackets, ladies vests, hoods, and all kinds of knit 
 goods. This is the only establishment of the 
 kind in the north-west, and their goods find a 
 ready market. The proprietors are Girling and 
 Company, and twenty-five persons are employed. 
 
 W. H. Fiiien. machinist, manufacturer of the 
 Mumeapolis water-wheel governor, special tools 
 for machmists, lathes, etc. This establishment 
 is located on Bassetfs creek at the second cross- 
 ing of Ayesteru Avenue, hi the builduig erected 
 by the Xorth-Western ilauufacturmg Company 
 in 1874. This company cimtiiiued business four 
 yeare, engaged in the manufacture of screws, 
 their capacity being a hundred gross per day. 
 Since then Mr. Fruen has occupied the building, 
 whicli is 30x40 feet, and two and one-lialf stories 
 high. The machuiery is kept in motion by a 
 thirty-five inch turbine wheel, of sixteen lioree- 
 power. 
 
 The Minneapolis Harvester Works, south of 
 the city limits, are located in the township, but 
 as the coiporation was organized hi the city and 
 business otiices are located there, a description of 
 the Works, will be found in the chapter on man- 
 ufactures. 
 
 mOGKAPHICAL. 
 
 A. S. Adams was born July 9th. 1848, at Town- 
 send, ]\Iiddlesex county. Massachusetts. He was 
 raised as a farmer, and lived in his native town 
 until 1867. when he came to Minnesota with his 
 father, and located in Miimeapolis townsliip, 
 where he has since resided, ownhig a farm of 
 tliirty-three acres. He was elected justice of 
 the peace in March. 1880. Mr. Adams married 
 Carrie Moffett, April. 1871. 
 
 William Adams, a native of Scotland, was born 
 in 183-5. He came to America in 1869. and lo- 
 cated in Jlinneapolis ; he lived on Washington 
 avenue south until his present residence was 
 built in 1875. Mr. Adams has been engaged in 
 the carpenter's trade since a boy. His wife was 
 Miss Ellen Walker ; they were married in 1864. 
 Six children have been born to them.
 
 MINNEAPOLIS— BIOGBAPHICAL. 
 
 347 
 
 R. M. Aitken was born in 1845, at Dunham, 
 Canada East. He lived in his native town until 
 eighteen years of age, when he went to Vermont 
 and worked eight years in the car shops at Saint 
 Albans, then removed to JMississippi and worked 
 for a railroad company. In 1873 he went to 
 Wisconsin, and in 1877, eame to Minneapolis; 
 in November of that year he married Lillian M. 
 Shorey. Mr. Aitkin is proprietor of the Cedar 
 Avenue Dairy, which he started in 1877 with 
 only four cows, but has gradually increased the 
 number to supply a growing trade, until now he 
 has tliirty-ttve. 
 
 A. B. Allison, a native of Delaware county, 
 New York, was born in 1840. He was engaged 
 in farming imtil 1866, when he came to Henne- 
 pin county, and for four years worked in the 
 woods; he then started in the dairy business; 
 was in partnership with Mr. Collins for a time, 
 but since 187o Mr. Allison has conducted the 
 business alone at his place on section 2(1, and has 
 twenty-five cows. He was married May 6th, 
 1880, to Mrs. Broderick, of Maine. 
 
 W. Bernstein, a native of Germany, was born 
 in 1826. He emigrated to America in 1848, and 
 for three years worked in Baltimore, as machinist 
 in the railroad shops ; then he removed to Wash- 
 ington and worked seven years in the navy yard; 
 thence to Illinois, and was employed in the ear 
 shops at Aurora, until 1869, when he came to this 
 state. In 18.56 he married Catharine Faul who 
 has borne him six children. Mr. Bernstein pur- 
 chased his present farm in 1869, and is engaged 
 in gardening and fruit raising. 
 
 Robert Blaisdell was born in 1803, at Peacliam, 
 Vermont. He was raised as a farmer, (;ame to 
 Saint ^Vuthony in 1852, and took, by pre- 
 emption, tlie farm where he now resides. Mr. 
 Blaisdell attended the meeting at which Minnea- 
 polis was made a township, and helped to elect 
 the first Town Board. He has never missed a 
 meeting since that time He also assisted in 
 building the first school-house in the township. 
 He married Miss Mary Chandler, in Maine. They 
 are the parents of seven children. 
 
 Robert Blaisdell, Jr., a native of Aroostook 
 county, Maine, was' born May 4th, 1832. In 1846 
 he went to Wisconsin, and engaged in the lumber 
 business at the head of (Ireen Bay. In 1852 he 
 removed to this state, and made a claim of 160 
 
 acres, which is a part of his present farm. He 
 also owns, with Ins father, 360 acres in JiIcLeod 
 county. He too, attended tlie first election, and 
 helped to build the first school-house in the town- 
 ship. His wife w^as Elniira Taunt, who has borne 
 him six children. 
 
 William Blaisdell was born at Belfast, Maine, 
 in 1834. In 1851 he moved to Mmnesota, and 
 five years later pre-empted the farm he now owns. 
 From 1863 until the fall of 1864, he was mining 
 in California. Idaho, and Montana : then returned, 
 and for one year was in charge of a lumber inter- 
 est in Michigan. He now owns 20,000 acres of 
 timber land in Wisconsin. Mv. Blaisdell acted as 
 clerk at the first annual election held on this side 
 of the river. There were only fourteen votes 
 cast, four of them by the Blaisdell family. In 
 1861 he enlisted at the first call, and sei-ved until 
 the regiment disbanded. He was married, in 
 1865, to Miss Jennie Fletcher. 
 
 M. D. Brown was born in 1849, at Elmira, New- 
 York. In 1856 he came to ^Minneapolis, and has 
 since resided here, with the exception of one year, 
 passed at school in the East. ]Mr. Brown is en- 
 gaged in farming on section 12, where he owns 
 eighty acres of laud, and lioards horses summer 
 and winter. 
 
 J. R. Bowman was born April 27th, 1830. in 
 New Branswick. He learned the eai-penter"s 
 trade, and worked three years in New York city. 
 In 1857 he came here, and for twenty years fol- 
 lowed his trade. He worked on the Nicollet 
 House, H. G. Harrison's residence, and others. 
 It was he who cut the brush so a team could pass 
 on First avenue north, from Fourth to Sixth 
 street. Mr. Bowman has only been absent from 
 the town one day since coming here in 1857. He 
 was married, in 1869, to Amanda Christmas. They 
 have three children. 
 
 William Byrnes (deceased) was a native of Ire- 
 land. He emigrated to America in 1849, and 
 lived in Homer, New York, until 1852, when he 
 came here, and the following year made a claim 
 of one hundred and fifty acres. In 1862 he enlist- 
 ed in the Tenth Minnesota, and served mitil must- 
 ered out in 1865. He died December 1st. 1867. 
 At the time of his death, he was sheriff of Hen- 
 nepin county. Catherine, his wife, was born 
 m Ireland, March 1827, She came to Amer- 
 ica in 1848, stayed the first year in New York
 
 348 
 
 HISTOBY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 city, ami then removed to Homer. In 1850. she 
 was married to William Byrnes, and two years 
 later they came to Minneapolis. She has had nine 
 children, seven of whom are livinf^: Ellen. Anna, 
 ilary, Teressa, William, Hngh and Lucelia. 
 
 Lewis Carlson, a native of Denmark, was horn 
 in 1H48. He came to America in 18(;9. and set- 
 tled m Winona, Minnesota, where for three years 
 he was engaged m the manufacture of l)arrels, 
 then he removed to Cliicago and worked at the 
 trade there, three years. In 1875, he came to 
 Minneapolis and was in the cooper business until 
 1879. when he started his daii-y; he now has 
 twenty-seven cows. In 1873, he married Ahhne 
 Hanson. They have two children. 
 
 F. X. t'ripeau was born in 1828, in Canada. 
 At the age of nineteen, he went to Rhode Island, 
 remained only one year and returned to Canada; 
 in 1848, he moved to Illinois, and the followuig 
 spiing came to Sauit Anthony, where he was en- 
 gaged as clerk a few years for Mr. Bottineau, and 
 then made a claim of one hundred and sixt.y 
 acres, w hicli is a part of his present place. In 
 1864, he enlisted in the First Minnesota Heavy 
 Artillery and ser\ed luitil the close of the ^\■ar, 
 when he started in the gardenuig business ; he 
 raises vegetables exclusively, usuig about twenty 
 acres of land for this purpose. Mr. Cripeau was 
 married in 1854, to Rosalie (iiard : ten i-liildreu 
 have been born to them. 
 
 Peter Curly, a native of Ireland, was born in 
 1825. He came to America in 184t>, and worked 
 in the cotton factories of Lowell, Massachusetts, 
 mitil 1849, when he came to Sauit Anthony, and 
 helped build the first Catholic church here, lie 
 pre-empted the farm where he still lives, one 
 mUe from the city limits, and built his present res- 
 idence m 1856. He w-as married in 1849, to 
 Catherine Cain. They have had two sons, only 
 one is living ; John J. 
 
 C. T. Earenfight, born in 1841, at Cuicinnati, 
 Ohio. He lived in Illinois live years, then a 
 short time in Indiana, and in 1S63, removed to 
 Minnesota ; he has lived in Minneapolis, or near 
 there most of the time since. He has eighteen 
 acres of land on section 6, and is engaged in 
 gardening; is also a wholesale dealer in cattle, on 
 foot and ckessed. 
 
 Martin Ekes, a native of (ieimany. was born 
 ui 1834. He received his education in the schools 
 
 of that country, and was by occupation a farmer. 
 In 1853, he came to America and lived fom' years 
 in New York city, bemg engaged as coaclmian ; 
 while in that city, he married Miss Catherine 
 Gerard. They are the parents of two childi'eu. 
 Mr. Ekes came to Miimeapolis in 1858, and has 
 since resided here: he has a vegetable garden of 
 fifteen acres on Hennepin Avenue, where he 
 also raises all varieties of strawberries ; he was 
 the lirst man to sell vegetables ui this market. 
 
 Owen Finley was born in New York city, m 
 1 845. In early life he went with his parents to 
 Watertown, Wisconsin, and worked at the carp- 
 enter's trade ; in 1873. he removed to Minneapolis 
 and continued working at his trade imtil he was 
 given charge of the Cemetery of the Immaculate 
 Conception, which is now under his immediate 
 care. Mr. Finley enlisted in 1862, in the 
 Twenty-eighth Wisconsm, Company G, and 
 sei-ved over three years. He married Maiia 
 Magerty in 1870. They have live living children. 
 
 I). M. Foss, born in 1820, in Strafford county, 
 New Hampshire. ^Vt the age of eighteen, he 
 went to Lowell, ISIassachusetts, and learned car- 
 pentering. In 1855, he came here and worked at 
 his trade until 1879 ; assisting in building some of 
 the first dwellings in the city, tlie St. James 
 Hotel, and some of the principal places of busi- 
 ness. Mr. Foss is now engaged in gardening ; he 
 makes a specialty of vegetables and small fixdts. 
 In 1845, he was marrried, at Lowell, to Eliza 
 Mnrch, wlio has borne him three children. 
 
 AV. II. Fruen, a native of England, was born 
 July 15th, 1846. At the age of seventeen, he 
 commenced learnhig the machinist's trade. In 
 June 1865, he came to America and wcnked at 
 his business in Boston, until removing to Minne- 
 apolis in 1870 ; he worked in a shop on Second 
 and Cataract streets till the present factory was 
 built m 1874. Mr. Fruen has been twice married, 
 his present wife, to whom he was married in 1871, 
 was JSIiss Henrietta Binpiest, oi lUhiois. They 
 have three sons and one daughter. 
 
 Thomas tiaffney, a native of Ireland, was born 
 in 1826. When two years old he came with his 
 parents to America, and lived on a farm in Ar- 
 oostook comity, Maine, mitU eighteen years of 
 age, when he commenced hmibering on the Pen- 
 obscot river. In 1854. he removed to Saint An- 
 thony, and for eight winters worked in the pme-
 
 MINNEAPOLIS— BIOGRAPHICAL. 
 
 349 
 
 ries ; in 1857, he secured the claim where he now 
 lives and built his present residence in 1880. 
 August 15th, 1862, he enlisted and went to Fort 
 Ridgely ; the folkiwins summer he went with the 
 expedition against the Indians, across the plains, 
 and in the fall of 1863 went to St. Louis, where 
 lie was engaged in guard duty during the winter 
 and in the spring went into active service, partic- 
 ipating in all the battles of his regiment. He was 
 honorably discharged in August, 1865. In April, 
 1857, he married Ellen Buckley. They have six 
 children. 
 
 C. C. Ganey was l)orn in New Bnmswick, 
 March 29th, 1828. At the age of four years he 
 went with his parents to Maine. When he was 
 but eighteen his father died, and it became his 
 duty to care for and support tlie family. In 1850 
 he came to Mimiesota, made one of the first 
 claims on the west side of the river, and received 
 the second patent from Washington. Mr. Garvey 
 attended the first election on this side of the river 
 and cast the first liallot. lie was manied, in 1859, 
 to Miss L. A. Xason. Nine cliildrcn liave been 
 born to them. 
 
 W. M. Girling, a native of England, was Imrn in 
 1830. He came to America, and following the 
 business of his father and grandfather, went to 
 manufacturing knitted goods. He started facto- 
 ries in Boston, and in New Ilamiislnre, and Ger- 
 mantown, Pennsylvania. In 1874 he came here, 
 and is now one of the proprietore of the Minnea- 
 polis Knitting Mills. Mr. Girling lias a family of 
 eight children, five sons and three daughters. 
 
 E. A. Goodspeed was born in 1854, at Vassal- 
 borough, Maine. He came to Minneapolis in 
 April, 1871, and was engaged in the lumber trade 
 until 1877, when he became a member of tlie firm 
 of (ioodspeed and Sons, wholesale dealers in sheep. 
 This business is exclusively wholesale, and they 
 sell either on foot or dresse<l. The individual 
 members of the firm are A. II., J. B., and E. A. 
 (xoodspeed. April 13th, 1879, Mr. Goodspeed 
 manied Maiy Townsend. They have one child. 
 
 John Green, bom in New Brunswick, in 1820. 
 He lived there until twenty years of age, engaged 
 in farming : then went to Maine, and for eleven 
 years was in the lumber Itusiness. In the fall of 
 1853 he came to Minneapolis, and in 1855, took 
 by pre-emption the farm he still owns, and built 
 his present residence in 1875. Mr. Green was 
 
 manned, in 1850, at Old Towii, Maine, to Mary 
 Hutchins, who was born in 1830, at Knox, Waldo 
 county, Maine. They have three children : .James, 
 Rhoda, and Luella. 
 
 M. J. Ilallaron, a native of Ireland, was born 
 September 9th, 1832. He emigrated to America 
 in 1851, located in Cortland county, New York, 
 and engaged in farming. In 1H57 he came to St. 
 Anthony^ and that winter worked in the woods, 
 and in 1855 made ii claim one mile west of Cedar 
 Lake. The summer of 1856 he worked on Lake 
 Pepin, and that winter he was with Mr. Nash, in 
 the hardware business. The following summer, 
 he was employed by Tufts, Reynolds and Co. 
 Mr. Ilallaron was married, December 20th. 1858, 
 to Catharine AVallace. They removed to the farm, 
 and remained mitil November, 1862, when the> 
 came to ]Minneai)olis, and he engaged in the dray 
 and express business for fourteen years. In 1878 
 he moved to his farm, and erected all the buildings. 
 They have six children : John, Mary. Nellie. 
 James, Katie, and Agnes. 
 
 Christopher Hanke, a native of Germany, was 
 born in 1826. He emigrated to America in 1854; 
 anil lived in Ohio until 1857, when he came here, 
 for two years he rented a farm, and in 1864 pur- 
 chased 205 acres on section 5, 6 and 7, and has 
 since resided there. He was married in (Ger- 
 many, November 9th, 1851, to Miss Stammen. 
 They are the parents of five children. Mr. 
 Hanke makes a sjiecialty of raising full blood 
 Jersey cattle, Chester AVIiite and Poland 
 China swine. He has one of the finest farms in 
 Hennepin county; his bam, built in 1876, is 88x36 
 feet, and four stories liigh; it is considered the 
 second best in tlie county; he also has a granary 
 73x24 feet, three stories high; tlie whole place is 
 a model of neatness. Mrs. Hanke annually man- 
 ufactures 2,000 pounds of fine liutter for private 
 customers. 
 
 J. W. Hayes w-as liorn in 1853, at Watertown, 
 Jefferson county, Wisconsin. In 1 866 he moved to 
 Stearns county, Minnesota, and engaged in farm- 
 ing; he came to Minneapolis in May, 1875, and 
 worked for fj. McPeters until he bought him out 
 in 1877, since which time he has conducted the 
 Lyndale Dairj in partnership with Mr. ^Matlii- 
 son; they own fifty-three cows, and are doing a 
 successful business. Mr. Hayes was married in 
 May, 1879, to Miss Glenen of Wisconsin.
 
 350 
 
 HISTOBY OF KENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 J. F. Held, a native of Prussia, was bora in 
 1844. lie moved to Indiana in 1861; enlisted 
 August, 1862. in tlie Fiftli Indiana Cavalry, and 
 sen-ed until the close of the war. He came to 
 Minneapolis m 1865 and worked three yeai-s in a 
 saw mill: afterwards was engaged as a laborer 
 until 1871. when he bought 145 acres of land on 
 section 30, and the spring following started an 
 extensive garden; he makes a specialty of fine 
 celery, also raises a large variety of vegetables, 
 and has a vineyard of one-half acre. His wife 
 was Austine Crousey, whom he married in 1878. 
 They have one child: Margretta. 
 
 C. Jenson was bom in Denmark, in 1847. He 
 emigrated to America, and in 1867 went to Fond 
 du Lac, "Wisconsin. In the fall of 1868 he re- 
 moved to ilimieapolis. and was engaged as laborer 
 imtil 1872, when he embarked ni the dairy busi- 
 ness. The firm of Smith and Jensou stalled with 
 foi-ty cows, but at the exph-atiou of fom- months 
 they sold out. and in the fall of 1873. commenced 
 with only twenty cows, which they sold again in 
 the sprmg. The following autumn, the firm of 
 Jenson Brothere located on the east side, engaged 
 in the dairy business with twenty-four cows, and 
 in 1875, bought their place of fifteen acres, on 
 section 29. In tlie sprmg of 1878 tliis partnei-ship 
 was disolved, and C. Jenson is now sole i)ro]>rie- 
 tor of the •• AVesteni Avenue Dairy." 
 
 Hans Johanson, a native of Denmark, was 
 bom in 1844. He came to Minneapolis in 1872, 
 and in 1876 commenced the dairy business. He 
 now has fifteen cows. Mr. Joluuison was married, 
 in 1875, to Miss Aima Madsen. They are the 
 parents of one child. 
 
 Martui Layman was bom in (ireene county. 
 New York, January 18th. 1811. For a time he 
 resided in Tompkuis county-, and then removed to 
 Illinois, wliere he worked at farmhig until 1853, 
 when he came to Mimieapolis. and bought the 
 place where he has since lived. He bought the 
 original claim of Hanscom, and paid him SI, 000 
 for it. He biiOt his present commodious residence 
 in 1876. Mr. Layman manied, in 1832, Miss Eliz- 
 abeth Brown, who has borne him tlmteen childi-en. 
 All are living but one son and one daughter. 
 
 A. D. Libby, a native of ^Maine, was born 
 in Waldo county, in 1833. After finishing his 
 education he was engaged in a store for a time, 
 and in 1857 moved to Miimesota. He fii-st located 
 
 a farm in Wright comity, but soon moved here, 
 and helped break the land where South Minnea- 
 polis now stands. For eight consecutive years he 
 taught in tlie schools of Hennepin count\". and 
 was one of the volunteers at the time of the out- 
 break m 1862. Mr. Libby is now Clerk of Miii- 
 neapoUs township. He was manied in 1866. to 
 Miss Hannah Ganey. They have five cliildren : 
 B>Ton, Louis, Viola, Stella, and an infant. 
 
 P. S. ililler. a native of Sweden, was born in 
 1854. In the autumn of 1879. he married Miss 
 Bozetta Jordan, of Jilimieapolis. He came here 
 in 1872, and worked for daiiymen until 1877. when 
 the firm of Miller Brothei-s started with twenty 
 cows. They own two acres of land on section 17, 
 and now have sixU^ fine cows. They run one 
 wagon twice a day m summer, and are doing a 
 prosperous business. 
 
 I". Oswald, born iu Switzerland, in 1829. He 
 was a civil engineer, and worked ten years on the 
 first railroad in his native country. He emigi'ated 
 to America, ;uid in 1875 was married to Frances 
 Kmiser, of Wisconsin. He came to MimieapoUs 
 in 1867. and worked at farming the first year; 
 after that as landscape gardener : in the soring 
 of 1875 started his park, on the Cedar Lake road. 
 It is fm-nished with a good green-house, and its 
 fine drives, walks, etc.. make it a favorite resort. 
 Mr. Oswald also furnishes his guests with ice 
 cream, lemonade, and all kinds of refieshmeuts. 
 
 E. L. Pratt was bom at Lincoln, Maine, Sep- 
 tember 16th. 1830. He lived on a farm until 
 nineteen years of age, then worked at the lumber 
 business; he came to Saint Anthony in Jmie, 
 1850. and continued lumbering until 1859. when 
 he removed to California. Init returne<l in 1865 
 and bought the place he now o\\tis on section 17. 
 He maiTied Lydia. daughter of Rev. A. Turner, 
 of Levant, ^lauie. They have three children. 
 Mr. Pratt bought the only dairj- in Minneapolis 
 in 1865; it consisted of fifteen cows, which at 
 that time furnished the city with milk. He now 
 owns forty milch cows. 
 
 Stephen Pi-att, a native of Penobscot coimty, 
 Maine, was born in 1828. In October, 1849, he 
 came to Sauit Anthony: there were but three or 
 four houses here at that time. He worked as 
 laborer and in the lumber business until 1858, 
 when he took a claim in Wright county, which 
 he sold four veai-s later. He euUsted in the
 
 MINNEAPOLIS— BIOGBAPHICAL. 
 
 351 
 
 First Minnesota Cavalry in 1862, and sensed 
 until tlie regiment was mustered out in Novem- 
 ber, 1863. The following winter, Mr. Pratt 
 worked in the woods and in the spring bought 
 his present farm of 160 acres; he started the 
 dau-y and butcher business with a partner, but 
 they separated in 1865, and Mr. Pratt retained 
 the farm; he raised the lirst "early rose" potatoes 
 in this coimty, paying thirty-three dollars per 
 bushel for the seed. The second year he raised 
 1,50(1 bushels which he sold at four dollars per 
 bushel. In .June, 1872. he was manied to Mrs. 
 Jennie Ciutis. They are the parents of one child. 
 
 J. M. Patten, born in Penobscot county, Maine, 
 in 1840. He went to Cambridge, Massachusetts, 
 in 1858, and worked at teaming. In 1860 he 
 married Annette Danforth, and in 1862 enlisted 
 in the Forty-fourth Massachusetts and served 
 until mustered out. In the spring of 1864 lie 
 went to California for the benefit of his health, 
 and returned to Nebraska by an overland route, 
 walking about nine hunih'ed miles of the way. 
 He was one of the first workmen on the U. P. 
 Railroad in 1866-7. then returned to Maine for a 
 short time, thence to 2>Iilton, Massachusetts. He 
 bought a farm in Randolpli, Itut only lived there 
 four years, when he removed to Miiuiesota for 
 the health of an only son, who died Febniary 22d, 
 1877. Mr. Patten is proprietor of the •' City 
 Dairy,"' and owns fifty cows. 
 
 Thomas W. Peirce, a native of Lancaster 
 county, Pennsylvania, was i)orn August 23d, 
 1823. He was one of six sons all of whom 
 learned the carpenter's trade ; he commenced 
 working when fifteen years of age, and contuiued 
 the trade for about fifteen years; moved to 
 Ohio in 1846; he went to Indiana for a short 
 time, liut returned to Ohio and formed a partner- 
 sliip with a Mr. Ilillnian, in contracting and 
 building. In the fall of 1852 Mr. Peirce removed 
 to Saint ^Vnthony; he built a house for Mr. Eich- 
 ards, and in October, 1852, he purcliased a claim 
 of 40 acres from Mr. Lowell, paid thu-ty-three 
 dollars for it, and made a settlement with the 
 government. The following spring he cleared a 
 small piece of land and planted one-half acre to 
 potatoes; this was the beguuiing of his farm. 
 In the summer of 1853 he built a residence for | 
 Mr. Hanson. Mr. Peirce was appointed a bidder 
 for the first land sale in the county; the sale 
 
 never occurred however. In 1855-6 he was a 
 member of the Ten-itorial legislature, and was 
 president of the Protective Association, formed 
 by settlers to defend claims from land jumpers. 
 It was he who shaiiiened and drove the first 
 stake, for the survey of Minneapolis, at the 
 junction of Nicollet and Hennepin avenues; 
 Charles Christmas was surveyor, Mr. Peirce is 
 one of the oldest living settlers of Hennepin 
 county, and relates many thrilling incidents of 
 pioneer life. He was married in l.slu to Miss 
 Margaretta Moss. Thev have two children: Fred- 
 erick W. and Laura Jeiniie. 
 
 Fred. Peterson was born in 1850, in Denmark. 
 He came here in 1872, and was employed by dif- 
 ferent dairymen for five years. April 9th, 1879, 
 he manied Laura Oleson. They have one child. 
 The firm of Peterson Brothers, established a 
 dairy in 1877, with forty-five cows, afterward in- 
 creased their stock to sixty-five ; the paiinership 
 was discontinued in April 1880, and Mr. Fred. 
 Peterson is now proprietor of the Accommoda- 
 tion dairy. 
 
 Christian Peterson came to JNIinneapolis in 
 1877, and worked for dairymen luitil the fall of 
 1879, when lie established himself in the business ; 
 he now has twenty cows. 
 
 Michael Key was born in Alsace, in 1S26. He 
 came to America in 1849, and was employed in a 
 wholesale store at Saint Louis, until 1859, when 
 he removed to Bunker Hill, Illinois, and engag- 
 ed in farming. In September 1869, he came here 
 and bought the place he now owns. He married 
 at Saint Louis, in 1852. Seven children have 
 been born to them. Mr. Hey has a fine garden, 
 with eighty square feet of hot beds ; he raises 
 strawberries, raspberries and all kinds of vegeta- 
 bles. 
 
 C. B. Sanborn, a native of Carroll county, Nevv' 
 Hampshire, was born in 1827. He learned the 
 tailor's trade and was in the clothing business at 
 Great Falls, New Hampshire, for two years, after 
 that he went to Meredith and carried a general 
 stock of merchandise until 1857, when he came 
 here, and for a time engaged in the grocery busi- 
 ness. He ^\■as married to Miss Sarah Hubbard. 
 They had one daughter who died May 3d, 1880, 
 at the age of twenty-one. Mr. Sanborn has 
 thirty-three acres on section 34, and raises all 
 kinds of evergreens adapted to this climate.
 
 352 
 
 HISTOBY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 X. Shepherd was bom at Bedford. Vermont, in 
 1823. At the age of twenty-one, he went to Lo- 
 well, Massachusetts, and remained four years: 
 he passed two years in Newbury, ^'ermont, then 
 removed to Ripon, Wisconsin, and carried on a 
 buikliuR business for four years, employing about 
 twenty men. He married Lydia Xewcomb. who 
 bore hiiu one son and three daughters. Mr. 
 Shepherd came here in fall of 1877. and the 
 following spring started the -'North Star Fniit 
 and A'egetable Garden ;" he makes a specialty of 
 the Wilson and Albany strawberries, the Phila- 
 delphia and Turner laspberries and the Brittania 
 blackberries : he also raises a great variety of 
 vegetables, and keeps the different kinds of ever- 
 greens that are adapted to this climate. 
 
 I.. Small was born in 1844. at Pembrook. 
 Maine. When but sixteen years of age, he went 
 to sea, and at twenty-three became captain of 
 the ship "\'ulcaiii after six yeai-s. he left the 
 water, and lived in Boston six years, tlien for two 
 years he engaged in the tishing business. In 
 1862. he married Miss Bolnna Ostrom. ^Mr. 
 Small enil)arked in tlie dairy business in ^March, 
 1879, and now owns forty cows. Tlie firm of 
 Small and Darling, stock dealers, was established 
 in August 1880. located at Sixth avenue south and 
 Thirty-fourth street. They have a desiraVile 
 farm of forty acres, and do a general stock busi- 
 ness. 
 
 C. A. Smith, a native of Wilmington. Xer- 
 mont, was born in 1829. He lived there until 
 thirty-three years of age ; then went to Waltham, 
 Massachusetts, and for seven years was engaged 
 in a bakery. He came to ^lumesota. and worked 
 at the carpenter's trade, three years in Northfleld, 
 and the same length of time in ^linneapolis. 
 He was maiTied in 18.50. to Elizabeth A. Jefts, 
 who has liorue him five children. In 1875, Mr. 
 Smitli started his garden of ten acres on section 
 2, and is doing a tlnlving business ; he has ex- 
 tensive hot beds, and tlie green liouse is a build- 
 ing 75x24 feet. 
 
 James Smith was Imrn in Scotland, in 1834. 
 For a time he held the position of overseer of the 
 Colzium estate in Sterlingshire, for the late Sir 
 Archibald Edmondstone. In 1871, he came to 
 America, and for five years had charge of a stock 
 farm on Long Island, then of the Thorndall farm 
 in Dutchess county, New York, two years, and in 
 
 the spring of 1876, took possession of the Lyn- 
 dale farm, where he now resides ; this place has 
 the finest barn in Minnesota, ilr. Smith raises 
 the celebrated Jersey cattle, Berkshire swine, 
 Norman horses and Cotswold and Lincoln sheep, 
 all from imported stock : at the late fair, he re- 
 ceived seven first-class premiums amounting to 
 over SoOO. Mr. Smith's wife was JSIargaret Mc- 
 Yicar, of Scotland, they were married in 1860 
 Five children have been bom to them. 
 
 Nils Smitli, a native of Denmark, was born 
 August 17tli, 1847. He came to America in 1864; 
 located at Minneapolis, and for three years 
 worked on a farm; he then engaged in tlie dairy 
 business for himself : in 1875, having thirty-five 
 cows, he sold a half interest and in 1877, sold 
 the remainder. In the spring of 1880, he started 
 again witli thirty-two cows and now has thirty- 
 eight. He owns ten acres of land on section 1, 
 and forty acres on section 29. In October, 1875, 
 he married llanne Hansen, who has borne him 
 two children : Soren and Hanne. 
 
 f'aptain John Tapper, a native of England, was 
 born in Dorsetshire, on the 25th of March, 1820. 
 He emigrated to America in 1840. and spent the 
 first summer in St. Louis. In the fall he went to 
 Fort Atkinson, Iowa, remained one and one-half 
 years, then went to Fort Crawford. Wisconsin, 
 and lived imtil the autumn of 1844, when he re- 
 moved to Fort Snelliug. At the beginning of the 
 Mexican war he went to Mexico, with Dr. George 
 Turner, of the I'nited States Army, and re- 
 mained with him until the close of the war, when 
 they retinned together to Fort Snelling, and Mr. 
 Tapper engaged with FrankUn Steele. He was 
 at the Fort something over a year ; then came to 
 St. Anthony, and managed Steele's boarding-house 
 one season ; then took charge of the ferry, and 
 afterward of the first suspension liridge. In 1862 
 he removed to lo^va, and engaged in farming. He 
 returned in the ^^•inter of 1880-81, and located on 
 a farm belonging to the Steele estate, near ilmne- 
 haha Falls. On the Sth of August, 1853, he mai- 
 ried Matilda Stinson. of Minneapolis. This was 
 the first marriage which occurred on the west side. 
 Five children lune been born to them : llosie E., 
 Frank H., Willie D., Mary M., and Jesse B. The 
 first four were born on Nicollet Island, the last 
 one in Iowa. 
 
 L. Tillenv was born in Plvmouth. England, in
 
 SAINT ANTHONY— GENERAL DESCRIPTION. 
 
 353 
 
 1831. When a babe he came witli his parents to 
 America, and Uved in Vermont until March, 1854, 
 when lie went to California, where he was en- 
 gaged in mining and the dairy business until 1860. 
 He then removed to Wisconsin, and in the fall of 
 1863 came to ^linneapolis, and purchased the farm 
 he still owns, on sections 6 and 7. He is a breeder 
 of the celebrated Norman and Clyde horses, from 
 imported stock. Mr. Tilleny was married, in 
 1858, to Lydia Stanton. 
 
 Hiram Van Nest was born m 1831, near San- 
 dusky, Ohio. In early life he moved to lUmois 
 
 with his parents, and when twenty years of age 
 came to Minneapolis. He attended the first elec- 
 tion held on the west side of the river, and, No- 
 vember 27th, 1854, he had placed on record the 
 first warranty deed in Hennepin county. It was 
 Mr. Van Nest who cleared the road from the point 
 where it leaves Lake Calhoim to Mlnne-ha-haCreek 
 near the Goodrich farm. In 1861 he married 
 Rachel Blaisdell. They have two children living. 
 His farm of 120 acres is on section 10. He 
 raises short-horn cattle, Lincoln and Southdown 
 sheep, and Berkshire swine, from imported stock. 
 
 SAINT ANTHONY. 
 
 CHAPTER LV. 
 
 GENEKAL DESCRIPTION— EARLY SETTLEMENT — 
 
 SCHOOLS ORGANIZATION STATISTICAL 
 
 CEMETERIES — MANUFACTURES — NURSERY — 
 BIOGRAPHICAL. 
 
 The township of St. Anthony, formerly em- 
 braced a much larger portion of territory than 
 at present, and with somewhat indefinite boun- 
 daries. Until the year of 1848, it was included 
 in the Territorial limits of Wisconsin, from 
 which it was separated by the boundary lines 
 established with the admission of Wisconsin as 
 a State. The whole territory then known as St. 
 Croix county, was, by the newly established 
 bounds, practically without a local government 
 until tlie territorial organization of Minnesota, in 
 1849, when the county of St. Croix was divided 
 into Washington and Ramsey counties. St. An- 
 thony remained a part of Ramsey county until 
 1856, when by a special act of the Territorial 
 legislature, the boundaries of Hennepin county 
 were extended across the Mississippi river. The 
 original bill included a strip about two miles 
 wide, east of the present limits, which was mod- 
 ified by a joint resolution, fixing the eastern 
 boundary one mile east of its present location. 
 
 and running south to the line between townships 
 23 
 
 28 and 29, thence due west to the river. This 
 arrangement was never wholly satisfactory, and 
 during the session of 1861, a legislative act ap- 
 proved iSIarch 9th, fixed the boundaries of the 
 township as follows : " Commencing on the 
 north line of township 29, range 24, on the 
 Mississippi river, thence due east to a point be- 
 tween sections 5 and 6, township 29, range 23, 
 thence due south on the section line to the Mis- 
 sissippi river, thence up said river to the place of 
 beginning." From the territory included in this 
 description a portion embracing several sections 
 was, March 3d, 1855, carved out for the corpo- 
 rate limits of the city of St. Anthony, leaving 
 the town an ell-shaped tract of about ten sec- 
 tions lying principally north and east of the city. 
 North of the city limits and along the river is 
 wild meadow land, merging into a narrow belt of 
 prairie which is skirted by light timber, per- 
 haps better known as brush-land. The latter is 
 hilly, particularly in the north-west. The soil in 
 the timbered portion is black loam, with clay 
 sub-soil, while the prairie is light sandy loam. 
 There are no large bodies of water in this town- 
 ship. Sandy Lake, in the north-west is a small 
 marshy lake. Bridal- Veil Falls, on the bank of 
 the Mississippi just below the city, are very beau- 
 tiful. A small creek which rises in Ramsey 
 county, here leaps into the river over a precipice,
 
 354 
 
 HISTOBT OF nEy^KEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 with a sheer descent of about sixt.v feet. The 
 name originated from the supposed resemblance 
 to the veil of a bride. 
 
 EAKLT SETTLE3IENT. 
 
 In the faU of 1850, X. O. Phillips and L. C. 
 Timpson made claims on the north-west quarter 
 ■of section 6. and moved to them the following 
 spring. A little latter. Lewis Stone, and his sons 
 Jacob and Leonard, located on sections 6 and 7, 
 and were followed by Mr. Finch, who took a 
 claim on the south-east quarter of section 6. Pre- 
 %ious to these actual settlei-s. several parties 
 living in St. Anthony made claims in the north- 
 west part of the town. William Dugas. lived on 
 his a number of years and ran a ferry across the 
 Mississippi. He now resides in the town of Day- 
 ton. Washington (ictchell had a claim on the 
 south-west quarter of section 3, which he sold to 
 Edward Patch. Mr. Phillips still lives on his 
 claim. He was appointed town clerk. October 
 20th. 1862, and has held the oflBce without inter- 
 ruption until th^ present time. Mr. Timpson 
 lived on his claim until 18(52, when he entered 
 the army. He was a prisoner at AndersonviUe, 
 and died of ill-treatment received there. He 
 was exchanged, but his death occurred before he 
 could reach the union lines. His widow died in 
 Minneapolis, in August, 1878. Mr. Stone Sr., 
 resided on his claim about fifteen yeare. then 
 went up to the Platte river where he erected a 
 flouring mill. He subsequently went to Pike's 
 Peak and there died. His son Jacob also moved 
 with his family to Pike's Peak and died there. 
 The son Leonard is now in California. Mr. 
 Finch lived on his claim a few years, then moved 
 to the city, where he died some years ago. Chas. 
 Estes settled on section 2, in 1853, and Elijah 
 Grindall located on section 1, the following year. 
 Estes still resides in the township and Grindall 
 died in 1872. His son Olin conducts the farm. 
 M. F. Kletzin settled on section 12, in 1856, and 
 still resides here. Louis KampfE came in 1857, 
 and has since been engaged in the manufacture 
 of pottery. The early historj- of this town is 
 closely alUed to that of the city of St. Anthony, 
 and in the chapter on the city will be foimd the 
 incidents coimected with its history. 
 
 SCHOOLS. 
 
 The first school-house erected in the township, 
 
 outside the city, was located on the north-west 
 quarter of section 2. and was built in 1858. It 
 was a frame structm'e. about 24 x 30 feet, and one 
 story high. The district then included all of the 
 township west of the Sandy Lake road, and is 
 now known as district number one. The house 
 was subsequently moved to its present location on 
 the river road, in the north-west quarter of section 
 10. The second school-house was built in 1859, 
 on the south-east quarter of section 7. in district 
 number two. The house was a frame. 20x30 
 feet, and located on section 6. In 1861. this dis- 
 trict was divided, giving the township three dis- 
 tricts, the present number. The buildings belong- 
 ing to districts two and three are good frame 
 structures, and furnished with patent seats and 
 desks. In district number one the old house is 
 still in use. 
 
 ORGAXIZATION. 
 
 The township of Saint Anthony was organized 
 May 11th. 1858. and id the meeting held for that 
 purpose, David Heaton was chosen chairman, D. 
 A. Secombe moderator, and Thomas T. XeweU 
 clerk. The election for town officers was held the 
 same day, and after the polls were closed, Mr. 
 Secombe resigned as moderator, and D. S. B. 
 Johnston was chosen in his place. The votes 
 were then canvassed, with the following result : 
 Supenisors, J. B. Gilbert, chairman, J. C. Tufts, 
 and Richard Fewer ; Clerk. D. M. Demmon ; As- 
 sessor. J. A. Lennon : Collector, J. W. Ellis ; 
 Overseer of Poor, James Holmes ; Justices of the 
 Peace. Solon Armstrong and Anthony Grethen ; 
 Constables. L. C. Johnson and Albert Gowen ; 
 Overseer of Eoads. Closes Whittier. The first 
 meeting held separate from the city of St. Anthony 
 was on April 3d, 1860, at the Mississippi House, 
 north of the city on the river road. The officers 
 elected were : Supervisors. L. C. Timpson, 
 chairman. Edward Patch, and G. W. Buck- 
 more ; Clerk, and Superintendent of Schools, 
 G. F. Cross ; Treasurer. D. D. Moore : Assessor, 
 E. "W. Grindall ; Justices. Stephen Cobb and Jo- 
 seph Hawes, Jr.; Constables'. J. E. Philbrook and 
 John Rank. Following is a list of chairmen of 
 the Town Board, and the years for which they 
 were elected : In 1861-2, G. F. Cross; 1863. Ste- 
 phen Cobb ; 1864 to 1872, inclusive. AV. H. Cole : 
 1873. Joseph Ingerhutt; 1874, A. H. Weeks; 
 1875 to 1879, inclusive, Edwin Cooley ; 18S0, J. B.
 
 SAINT ANTHONY— BIOGEAPHICAL. 
 
 355 
 
 Eustis. The present officers are : Supervisors, 
 J. B. Eustis, elKiirman, J. G. Swahn, aud M. F. 
 Kletzin; Clerk, X. O. Phillips; Treasurer, L. 
 Kampff ; Assessor, C. Lennehan ; Justices, Ed- 
 win Cooley and S. M. JSIoore : Constable, Cornel- 
 ius Lennehan. 
 
 STATISTICAL. 
 
 The township has an area of 5,497 acres, the 
 assessed valuation of which, was in 1869, 53,- 
 885; in 1875, §219,335; in 1880, .?400,449. There 
 are also town lots, not included in the city limits, 
 valued at $89,690. The valuation of personal 
 property, was in 1869, $12,240; in 1875, $18,942; 
 in 1880, $33,786. Number of horses over two 
 years old, in 1869, 82; in 1875, 98; in 1880, 132. 
 Number of cattle over two years old, in 1869, 
 211; in 1875, 227; in 1880, 239. Number of sheep 
 in 1869, 36; in 1875; 38; in 1880, 28. Number of 
 hogs in 1869, 34; in 1875, 146; in 1880, 405. Total 
 amount of taxes for 1869, $1,699; for 1875, $2,- 
 291; for 1880, $5,962. In 1869, the production of 
 wheat amounted to 6,553 bushels; in 1875, to 
 3,638 bushels; in 1880, 610 acres were sown to that 
 cereal. The population of the township is 485, 
 according to the last census. 
 
 CEMETERIES. 
 
 Maple Hill Cemetery is located in the south- 
 west corner of section 6, one mile north of the 
 city limits, aud has been in use since 1852, in 
 which year it was established by R. W. Cum- 
 mings. 
 
 The Catholic Cemetery was established about 
 1857. It contains sixteen acres, and is located on 
 tlie north-east quarter of section 11, one mile 
 north of the city limits. 
 
 MANUFACTURES. 
 
 In August 1857, Louis Kampff located on sec- 
 tion 10, on the river road, and at on.ce began the 
 manufacture of pottery. His first building, was 
 a log shanty about 16x20 feet. In 1860, he 
 erected a new building, of stone, 20x30 feet, two- 
 stories high. Additions have been made from 
 time to time, as increasing business demanded, 
 and he now has a large establishment with an 
 annual business of from four to live thousand 
 dollars. 
 
 The Minnesota Rendering and Fertilizing Com- 
 pany, began business in the spring of 1877, 
 under the firm name of F. M. Upliam and Com- 
 
 pany. January 1880, William Wyman became 
 a partner, and the present name was adopted. 
 Their rendering works were first located on 
 Bridal Veil creek, a few rods above the falls, 
 but in 1880, new Ijuildings were erected in the 
 south-east part of the township, near Meeker's 
 Island, and the machinery moved there. The 
 main building is 50x100 feet, three stories high, 
 with an engine room on the east, 28x40, and 
 an addition on the west, 25x30 ; also a black- 
 smith shop, 25x30, and a barn 60x80. This 
 company have an abattoir located on the flats 
 near Saint Paul, with a capacity for killing 
 two hundred cattle and five hundred hogs per 
 day. At the rendering establishment twenty-one 
 persons are employed. The business offices are 
 at number 11, First street north, Minneapolis, 
 and 64, East Seventh street. Saint Paul. 
 
 NURSERY. 
 
 The Summit Nursery was established on sec- 
 tion 12, about 1862, by Thomas Moulton, and 
 contains nearly thirty acres. This nursery is 
 well stocked with fruit trees and shrubbery 
 adapted to this climate. 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL. 
 
 Adam Burg, a native of Germany, was born in 
 1826, at the village of Moetsch. He attended 
 school until twelve years of age, and afterward 
 worked on a farm. In 1852 he emigrated with 
 his father to the United States. He resided in 
 Chicago three years. In 1855 he came to Minne- 
 sota, settled at St. Anthony, and has since been a 
 permanent resident of Hennepin county. His wife 
 was Therese Kohler. Their marriage occurred in 
 1866. Of the nuie children born to them, six are 
 living. 
 
 Charles Estes was born in the town of Cornish, 
 York county, Maine, April, 1835. He engaged 
 in railroad business in Massachusetts for a time, 
 and in 1853 moved with his parents to Minnesota. 
 He located at Anoka, and helped build the first 
 mill-dam at that place. He eventually came to 
 St. Anthony, which is still his home. His father 
 is living with him — a vigonuis old gentleman, 
 eighty-seven years of age. Charles Estes enlisted 
 in the Ninth Minnesota Infantry, and served 
 three years. He is one of the old settlers, and 
 has a fine place. The firet brick made in this 
 county were manufactured on his farm. His wife
 
 856 
 
 HISTOBT OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 ■was Mrs. Julia Estes, whom he married in 1872. 
 They have three children li^-ing. 
 
 Elijah AV. Grindall (deceased) was bom Septem- 
 ber 20th. 1S04. at Penobscot, Hancock count>-, 
 Maine. He received his education in the public 
 schools, and then worked at farming. In Janu- 
 ary, 1826, he married Caroline Higgins, who bore 
 him nine children. Mr. Grindall came to St. An- 
 thony in 1854. after a few months residence in 
 Iowa. He was an energetic farmer, and served 
 as County Commissioner several terms. His 
 death occurred in 1872. Jlrs. Grindall and her 
 youngest son, Olin, live at the farm. 
 
 Ernest Hilgedick, a native of Germaiy, ^i as 
 born in 1823. He attended school until sixteen 
 years of age. and was emploved in fanning from 
 that time imtil 1844, when he emigrated with his 
 parents to America. He resided in "Warren 
 county, Missouri, imtil 18-50; then spent three 
 j'ears in California, where he met with considera- 
 ble success in mining. He came to Minnesota, 
 and purchased a farm in Eamsey county. Lived 
 there until he settled in tliis county, in 1872. His 
 marriage with Lisetta Dothage occurred in 1853. 
 They have ten children. Two of the sons are 
 proprietors of the Edgewood Dairy. 
 
 Louis Kampif was born in Hanover, North 
 Germany, in 1828. He learned the trade of pot- 
 ter, and came to the United States in 1854, lived 
 three years at Galena, Illinois, then came to St. 
 Anthony, where he has since been engaged in the 
 manufacture of pottery, with success. He was 
 married in 1857, at Galena, Illinois, to Minnie 
 Koehlberg, of that place — seven children were 
 bom to them, six of whom are living. 
 
 M. F. Kletzin was born in North Prussia, in 
 1830. In 1852, he came to America and lo- 
 cated at Lockport, New York, where he was en- 
 gaged m gardening until 1856, when he came to 
 St. Anthony, and resided in the city till 1865, 
 then located on the place where he now lives. 
 He has made gardening a successful business. 
 Manied in 1861, Johanna Sandhoff, ^\ho has 
 borne himtwochildren.but oneof whom is living. 
 
 John Oberlies. a native of Germany, was born 
 in 1834. At the age of fourteen, he began an 
 apprenticeship at the carpenter's trade, and in 
 1853, came to America. He lived in Pennsylva- 
 nia five years, then came to this county, and has 
 
 since resided in the town of St. Anthony. He 
 was among the first carpenters who worked in 
 Minneapolis. His wife was Miss Katherine Kess- 
 ler, whom he married in 18.54. They have had 
 eight children, of whom five are living. 
 
 Nathan O. Phillips, one of the oldest settlers 
 of St. Anthony township, was born in Windham 
 county, Vermont, in 1822. He attended the pub- 
 lic schools, until the age of eighteen, and was 
 also engaged in the occupations of farmer and 
 carriage builder. In 1844, he went to Boston, 
 Massachusetts, and found employment in a 
 wholesale paper establishment, where he re- 
 mained about six years, and in 18-50. came to 
 St. Anthony. lie lived there one year then 
 made the claim where he has since re- 
 sided. He has been clerk of the town for the 
 last eighteen years. He was married in 1849, to 
 ilary A. Pliilbrook. Four children have been 
 bom to them, two now living : Euguia F. and 
 Proctor H. 
 
 C. J. Swanson was born in Smoland, South 
 Sweden. He emigrated to the United States in 
 . 1869. and settled in McLeod county. Minnesota; 
 one year later he came to ^ilinneapolis. He began 
 themanufacture of brick in 1876. The business has 
 since been prosperous. The yards are located on 
 the east side of the river, three miles north of 
 the city and furnish employment to forty-five 
 men and ten teams. He was married in 1876, to 
 Christine Johnson, who has borne him one child. 
 
 Frank Thiry. a native of France, was born 
 February 25th, 1835. He engaged in farming 
 till 1853 when he came to America. After a 
 residence of two years in New York, where he 
 learned the tinners' trade, he removed to Utica, 
 thence to Illinois, and worked at his trade at 
 Napierville. In 1857 he came to Saint Anthony 
 and worked as tinner for Spence and Pomeroy. 
 In 1860 he established a hardware and tin store, 
 and carried on the business five years, then took 
 as partner, Charles Ilemy. and the firm of 
 Frank Thiry and Company did a successful busi- 
 ness for about ten years. Mr. Thiry was obliged 
 to leave the city on account of ill-health, and 
 has since lived on his farm. He still owns the 
 business house, number 9, Main street, E. D. 
 He was married in 1860, to Caroline Stolzman; 
 they have had eight children, seven of whom are 
 living.
 
 INTBODUCTOEY. 
 
 357 
 
 CITY OF MINNEAPOLIS. 
 
 CHAPTEK LVI. 
 
 INTRODUCTORY— CLAIMS— FRANKLIN STEELE— 
 
 BOUNDARIES FIRST DEED — AFFIDAVIT OF 
 
 SPENCE — NAAaOATION — SETTLERS AND LU3I- 
 BERMEN — STORES — JIILL ERECTED — MISFOR- 
 TUNES. 
 
 Waterfalls have alwaj's borne magic with tliem. 
 It sparkles in their spray and shines in their rain- 
 bows. Fairy stories are based on legends of mount- 
 ain cascades, and good or bad spirits were in an- 
 cient times supposed to hover around them to influ- 
 ence the lives of visitors. Waverly has peopled the 
 crags and glens of old Scotland with spirits wher- 
 ever a well or waterfall was to be found. The 
 poor Indian whose imagination could not extend 
 so far, looked at the ■' Ka-ka-bi-ka Irara "' as the 
 abode of his Manitou. Jonathan Carver writes 
 that, on his first visit to the falls, which liappened 
 about 1767, he was accompanied by a chief of 
 the Winnebagoes. He says: " The Prince had 
 no sooner gained the point that overlooked this 
 wonderful cascade than he began with an audible 
 voice to address the Great Spuit, one of whose 
 places of residence he imagined this to be. He 
 told Him that he had traveled a long way to pay 
 his adorations to Him, and now would make Him 
 the best offering in his power. He, accordingly, 
 first threw his pipe into the stream, then the 
 roll that contained his tobacco; after these the 
 bracelets he wore upon his arms and wrists; next 
 an ornament that encircled his neck and the ear- 
 rings from his ears. In short, he presented to his 
 God every part of his dress that was valualile. 
 During this time he frequently smote his breast 
 with gi-eat violence, threw his arms about, and 
 appeared to be much afflicted. All this while he 
 continued his adorations, and at length concluded 
 them with fervent petitions that the Great Spirit 
 would constantly afford us protection on our 
 travels, giving us a bright smi, a blue sky and 
 
 clear untroubled waters. Nor would he leave 
 until we had smoked together, with my pipe, iu 
 honor of the Great Spirit." The white man, who 
 has usurped both hunting-ground and water-fall, 
 worshiped money more than the God of Nature, 
 and looked to the precious yellow metal to cure 
 every disease and afford him both comfort and 
 protection. He did not, like the Indian, fall 
 down and worship the spirit of the falls; still, 
 after admiring the beauty, he proceeded with lead 
 and line to take its measurement, estimate its 
 capacity to drive machinery, take its geographical 
 situation with reference to commercial centres, 
 and witli mathematical estimates specidate on its 
 future value. The Indian and his romantic vis- 
 ions have passed away, and his Manitou has been 
 forever dethroned. The falls themselves have 
 covered their natural charms in answer to the be- 
 hest of knowledge and progress. The new di- 
 vinity, that has taken the abode of the Indian's 
 Manitou, in obedience to the custom established 
 when knowledge first crept into the Garden of 
 Eden, is in one sense a god. The element of 
 power, at least, remains; that element which to 
 most men is the important attribute of Deity, to 
 which in their view, knowledge, justice and good- 
 ness are subordinate. This, with almost absolute 
 sway, has determined the site of a great city, has 
 compelled capital to come from afar to develop 
 the resom-ces of the great North-west, has gath- 
 ered a population of fifty thousand i)eople as 
 devotees in its immediate vicinity, and more than 
 twenty thousand more of farmers and smaller 
 merchants to feed the central industry. No wand 
 of fairy queen or '' nod " of Indian Manitou was 
 ever known to produce such a result. It is the 
 purpose of this history to trace the development 
 from the first. 
 
 In the year 1836, a territory existed in the 
 North-west,called Wisconsin, organized that year, 
 and including wilhiu its bounds, in addition to
 
 358 
 
 HISTORY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 what is now Wisconsin, part of the upper 
 peninsula of Michigan, the \vhole of :Minnesota 
 Snd Iowa, and that part of Dakota lying east of 
 the Missouri and White Earth rivers. At the 
 intersection of the Mississippi river and the 
 forty-flfth degree of north latitude, the watere of 
 the might\' river poured over precipitous rocks, 
 forming a beautiful water-fall, which had been de- 
 scribed by many explorers as picturesque, and 
 possibly of gieat value in the future. Such reports 
 had prevailed for one himdred and fifty years, 
 without eUeiting general attention. 
 
 Major Plympton, of the oth United States In- 
 fantry, successor of ilajor Bliss in command 
 at Fort Snelling, and othere, made a claim 
 at St. Anthony Falls, in 1836. and built a log 
 house. In 1837. Sergeant Caipenter. of Company A 
 of the same regiment, stationed at the Fort, made 
 a claim adjoining that of ilajor Plympton, et al., 
 on the north. In the summer of 1838, Franklm 
 Steele appears as an interested partner in the 
 claim of Major Plympton. Mr. Steele first arrived 
 at Fort Snelling in 1837, as will appear in 
 his biography, but though it would appear that 
 from the first he purposed to secure the claim at 
 the falls, still he waited the proper time to arrive, 
 and in the meantime became interested in busi- 
 ness at the Falls of St. Croix. The circumstances 
 attending his pre-emption are as follows: 
 
 The steamer Burlington. Captain Throckmor- 
 ton, aiTived at Fort Snelling June 13th. 1838, 
 having on board Franklin Steele, who had been 
 spending the winter at Washington, P. F. Baker, 
 a trader located near Fort Snelling, Captain Ma- 
 riatt of the British navy, and General Atkinson, 
 U. S. A, The next day the whole party rode out 
 to the Falls of St. Anthony. Five days after 
 this, the steamboat Ariel arrived from St. Louis, 
 and a ^Ir. Beebe, one of the passengers, an- 
 nounced the rmnor that the United States Senate 
 had ratified the treaty %\-ith the Indians, by \-ii-tue 
 of which the lands between the St. Croix and the 
 Mississippi were ceded to the United States. It 
 was not, however, till the loth of July, that the 
 ofiicial notice was brought by the steamer Pal- 
 myra. The first report created much interest 
 among the aspirants for claims in the newly 
 acquired territory, but the confirmation led to 
 decided action. 
 
 It is said that in June, 1838, and, if this be a 
 
 correct date, before the official notice was re- 
 ceived, Franklin Steele and Captain L. Scott, of 
 the Fifth U. S. Infantry, set out post haste for 
 the Falls of St. Anthony, each anxious to sec\u-e 
 the best claim, including the falls. Captain Scott 
 came up on the west side of the river, but was 
 unable to cross, while iMr. Steele, who took the 
 east bank, in company with assistants, was able 
 to make a shanty ready to entertain his friends 
 fi'om the Fort when they made the detour neces- 
 sary to join him on the opposite bank. 
 
 In reply to the allegation of Scott that the 
 claim had been previously occupied by him in 
 company with others, Mr. Steele answered, that 
 their claim was void, for t«-o reasons; first, be- 
 cause made before the ratification of the treaty, 
 and, secondly, because of the incapacity of the 
 claimants to pre-empt land while holding military 
 ofllces under the goverimient. 
 
 This claim continued to be known for some 
 time as the claim of Major Plympton and others. 
 An old voyageur, named La Grue, was placed 
 in charge, occupying a log house opposite the 
 falls, and until 1839 took care of the claim. His 
 stewardship ended in a tragical manner. Owing 
 to the distance of supplies and the semi-barbarous 
 method of subsistence, of which hunting and 
 fishing formed an important part, La Grue was 
 frequently absent from home on a visit to the 
 Fort or the government farm, to secure supplies, 
 or on some hunting or fishing excursion. On re- 
 turning from one of these, as he approached his 
 hut, he saw from the high ground the smoking 
 nuns of his cabin. Hurrying to the spot, he not 
 only found everything bm-ned, but the charred 
 remains of his wife were also among the debris. 
 The fire was supposed to be accidental, but no 
 explanation could be obtained where none lived 
 to explain. After grieving over his loss, he set 
 out to go around by the island to cross the river 
 and seek shelter at the government farm by the 
 mill on the west side, but met a party of Chip- 
 pewas, who had come down from the north to 
 secure a few Dakota scalps. They received him 
 at their camp, as night was coming on. and af- 
 forded him such comfort as they coidd give. La 
 Grue after this left the country. 
 
 One Charles Landry, also a French voyageur, 
 was next placed in charge of the claim by Mr. 
 Steele. His irregularities were more blamable
 
 CLAIMS AND IBANSFERS. 
 
 359 
 
 than those of La Grue, for, returning from a 
 somewhat extended absence, he found his cabin 
 occupied, guarded and barred against him by 
 some intruder. An adventurer, named James 
 Mink, knowing the irregularities of the steward , 
 had "jumped" the claim in his absence, and as 
 the intruder seemed prepared and disposed to 
 maintain his position, Landry left him in possess- 
 sion and reported the outrage to Mr. Steele at the 
 Fort. 
 
 Mr. Steele recovered his claim by purchase of 
 ^link, paying him several hundred dollars, and 
 Joseph Reaehi was put in charge. He was a 
 Canadian voyageur and came from the Fort 
 bringing his wife, five sons and two daughters. 
 
 In 1838, two houses, one each side of the river, 
 were the only dwellings in what is now Minne- 
 apolis. These were the old government house 
 buUt in 1822, and the log house of Franklin 
 Steele. 
 
 The Plympton claim was boimded on tlie north 
 by a line beginning at a large cedar tree, situated 
 on the east bank of the river, opposite where the 
 "coffer dam"" now is, thence at right angles to the 
 river indefinitely. It will appear frt)m this and 
 following descriptions,that the boundaries of these 
 first claims were usually undefined, except where 
 claims adjoined, and it was long before their east- 
 ern boundaries were fixed at all, as claims were 
 not made except on the river. The Mississippi 
 formed the western boundary. The southern 
 boundary was a line beginning at a point opposite 
 the lower end of Spirit Island, thence easterly at 
 right angles to the river indefinitely, as stated of 
 the northern boundary. 
 
 The Carpenter claim, made as stated above, in 
 1837, was bounded on the south by the Plympton 
 claim, west by the river ; the northern and 
 eastern bounds were left indefinite, the whole to 
 contain about three hundred and twenty acres. 
 These two claims embraced all the lands near the 
 falls on the east side, esteemed valualde by claim- 
 ants. November 8th, 1838. Sergeant Nathaniel Car- 
 penter transferred to Private Thomas Brown, also 
 of Company A, oth United States Infantry, an un- 
 divided half of his claim, for twenty-five dollars, 
 and a log house was built on the claim by the 
 joint owners, situated near the river, at a place 
 between what are now Tliird and Fourth Avenues 
 north-east. The instrument by which this first 
 
 transfer of real estate now included in the city of 
 Minneapolis was made, describes the lands as in 
 the county of Crawford and Territory of Wisconsin, 
 and is dated at Fort Snelling, Iowa Territory, 
 signed and sealed by Nathaniel Carpenter, in the 
 presence of Geo. W. P. Leonard. Thomas Brown 
 conveyed his interest, May 6th, 1840, to Peter 
 Quinn, of St. I'eter, Iowa Territory, by an in- 
 strument attached to the former deed, signed by 
 his mark and witnessed by Norinan W. Kittson. 
 Peter Quinn sold the same. May 1st, 1845, to S. J. 
 Findley and R. P. Russell. The last two transfers 
 were very loosely made, without seal and without 
 naming a consideration. Moreover, Quinn. who 
 by deed had become entitled to an undinded half, 
 after naming his interest adds in a parenthesis, 
 " Half claim say north portion."' Findley and Rus- 
 sell deeded. May 9th. 1846, to Pierre Bottineau. 
 This deed describes the property as a certain tract 
 of United States land in the Territory of Wiscon- 
 sin, St. Croix county, on the Mississippi river, 
 above the Falls of St. Anthony, etc., containing 
 one hundred and sixty acres, more or less, and 
 names the consideration, one hundred and fifty 
 doOars. This instrument is in the handwriting of 
 Joseph R. Brown, and is witnessed by Mr. Bi-own 
 and P. Prescott. It is signed and sealed by Find- 
 ley and Russell. Notes of the transfers of the 
 property and private history of the family have 
 been preserved by J. B. Bottineau, to whom we 
 are indebted. 
 
 It appears from notes of J. B. Bottineau that 
 a transfer of the undivided half interest remain- 
 ing in Sergeant Carpenter, after his deed to pri- 
 vate Brown, was made to other i)arties, and be- 
 came the property of ilr. Bottineau in 1S44. In 
 1842 or '43, Petit John made a claim south of Mr. 
 Steele's claim. After this date ;Major Plympton 
 ceased to be known in connection witli the claim 
 originally made by liim. In 1845 Bottineau pur- 
 chased of Petit John his claim which extended 
 from Mr. Steele's claim south indefinitely on the 
 river, but was recognized as including the lamls 
 now known as University lands. 
 
 Joseph Rondo made a claim in 1843, north of 
 the Carpenter claim. The other boundaries were 
 quite indefinite. He was aggressive and trouble- 
 some, and wanted to encroach on the Carpenter 
 claim, especially on Boom Island. 
 
 Witnesses who estabUshed the line in 1838,were
 
 360 
 
 mSTOBY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 brought to prove the original bounds of the Car- 
 penter claim on the north. A copy of his certifi- 
 cate is given: 
 
 '• This is to certify that I helped James Mink 
 to run certain lines on claims belonging to Mr. 
 Mink (now said claim belonguig to Mr. F. Steele) 
 and one 'belonging to Mr. Quinn. lying on the 
 east side of the ^lississippi river, near the Falls 
 of Satut Anthony. I do hereby certify that the 
 northern line of the claim now belonging to S. J. 
 Findley and E. P. Russell was run by me, in the 
 year 1S38, then belonging to Mr. P. Quinn. The 
 said line was marked to commence on a large 
 elm tree, near the shore, above the small island 
 in the Jlississippi river opposite said claiming. 
 The said northern line was marked according to 
 law, the trees all in a Une, runnmg due north- 
 east from the river, or from above said elm tree, 
 were blazed on four sides, as well as could be 
 done then. This is to certify that according to 
 the way the above said northern line of said 
 claim was ch-awn, that Joseph Eondo has no 
 claim whatever to it ; that said Eondo drew 
 his line inside of the above said Une, some two 
 or three years after, September 9th, 1845, 
 
 Babtist Spence. 
 
 AVitness, Peteu Hayden." 
 
 While Eondo, who lived at Samt Paul, was 
 absent from his claim. Mr. Bottineau with others, 
 dragged his little claim cabin by a yoke of cattle, 
 out a mile or more north, at such distance that 
 they thought themselves safe from his encroach- 
 ments. 
 
 In the fall of 1845, Eondo, finding his claim 
 too far north, and his shanty having been re- 
 moved to a distance, abandoned his claim alto- 
 gether. 
 
 Now, the whole east side belonged to two men, 
 Franklin Steele and Pierre Bottineau. 
 
 After this. Bottineau gave part of his claim to 
 Louis Desjarlais, his brother-in-law. In the 
 spring of 1845, ilr. Bottineau and Desjarlais 
 moved on their claims from St. Paul. Mr. Bot- 
 tineau had a family, consisting of a wife and 
 three children. His two brothers, Severre and 
 Charles, lived with liim. 
 
 In 1845, the old Petit John house, south of the 
 Steele claim, was occupied by Baptiste Tui-pLu, a 
 voyageur and half-breed, though the claim was 
 still the property of Pierre Bottineau. Pascal 
 
 and Sauverre St. Martin. Canadian Frenchmen, 
 made a claim below the Petit John claim, which 
 included a small portion of the southern part of 
 the university' land, extending indefinitely. 
 
 The total population of what is now Minneap- 
 olis consisted at this time of less than fifty souls, 
 and these were scattered along the east side of 
 the river guarding their own claims or those of 
 then- employers. One man, whom they called 
 Old Maloney. lived at the government mill on the 
 other side of the river, where he had been em- 
 ployed four or five years. 
 
 St. Anthony Falls, at this time, boasted only 
 one shingled house, that belonging to Frank- 
 lin Steele and occupied by Eeaehi. The othei-s 
 were covered with elm bark or sod. 
 
 Navigation w-as undertaken in 1842. in a 
 primitive way on the Upper Mississippi, above 
 the Falls. The crafts used were a style called 
 Mackinaw boats. These were keel-boats rigged 
 for both rowing and sailing, mamied by eight 
 voyageursand carried four tons burden, or eighty 
 to one hmidied packages. These packages were 
 calculated in weight and form for convenient 
 handling. In case a portage was reached, the 
 voyageui'S were required each to carry two of 
 these at a load on their backs any distance re- 
 quired. The first package was swung on his own 
 back by means of the strap used in carrying, by 
 the voyageur himself; the second package was 
 placed on top of this by his companions. The 
 whole load was equal in weight to a barrel of 
 flour. These boats were operated by Pierre Bot- 
 tineau, in the employ of the American Fur Com- 
 pany, can-ying supplies from St. Anthony Falls 
 to Sauk Eapids and Little Eock. After experi- 
 ence it was found that the,se boats, on account of 
 their keel, drew too much water to pass bars and 
 shallows in the river durmg low water, and flat- 
 boats of larger size were substituted, manned with 
 twenty-two men and propelled by poles. These 
 boats were employed in transporting goods 
 to various points from St. Anthony Falls to Fort 
 Eipley, for the American Fm- Company and for 
 the United States government; both military 
 stores and Indi.m goods for the upper country. 
 
 XicoUet Island at this time was covered with 
 magnificent maples, and three or four sugar 
 camps were opened for successive years by the 
 various families living near. The implements
 
 SETTLERS FROM THE EAST. 
 
 361 
 
 used were the veiy rudest. Birch-bark pans were 
 used to catch the sap which flowed from a gash 
 made by the Frenclunan's ax. Kettles, swung 
 from crotched sticl?s, boiled down the precious 
 liquid. These spring days were the sweetest of 
 the year to the uncultivated inhabitants. 
 
 These early days remind ns of the Darwinian 
 theory, and may be considered as an illustration 
 of that philosopher's doctrine. In the first place, 
 there is the hodge-podge or chaotic condition of 
 the country under Indian brutality, a mixture of 
 Ojibwas, Sioux, Wiiinebagoes and numerous 
 tribes and combination of tribes, which we may 
 denominate the "Xebular condition."' Then 
 came in French voyageurs, a higher, or more en- 
 lightened race, with beads and gew-gaws to en- 
 tice the Indian maidens, illustrating the theory 
 of " Xatural Selection.'' "The struggle for ex- 
 istence," and the " Survival of the fittest," each 
 find a most vigorous illustration. Tlie lineaments 
 and habits of the vi'hites appear in these men as 
 imitations or caricatures of the race. The ine- 
 vitable " Struggle for existence " began in earn- 
 est when actual settlers moved in and took claims, 
 for we can hardly regard Mr. Steele as a settler 
 in St. Anthony at this time, since he never lived 
 on his claim, but only attempted to hold it by a 
 color of title, employing a tenant to live in the 
 cabin. Peter Quinn obtained a claim here, but it 
 was subsequenty absorbed by Franklin Steele as 
 well as one taken by his son-in-law Findley. Mr. 
 Steele now owned the most valuable portion of 
 St. Anthony, including the Falls, and, from his 
 social and financial position as well by his natural 
 abilities, became not only the most inter- 
 ested, but the most powerful friend of the new 
 settlement. His claim at St. Anthony Falls was 
 a little in advance of the wheels of progress, but 
 he kept his foot firmly on it until the rest of the 
 world came up with him. lie lived near the Fort 
 where he held out a hospitable hand to all new- 
 comers, and encouraged the settlement. Mr. 
 Steele opened a farm of seven acres and em- 
 ployed a man to fence and cultivate it until he 
 entered it and perfected his title in 1848, by pay- 
 ing the usual price, one dollar and twenty-five 
 cents per acre. 
 
 The changes to 1847, were, in addition to the 
 facts already given, exclianges among the owners 
 of claims, of little more import to our history than 
 
 the swapping of jack-knives among a party of 
 school boys, for settlers came in 1847 who added 
 tone to business, and soon obliterated all traces 
 of these petty trades. 
 
 In an address of Judge Atwater's we find that 
 Charles Wilson was the first American settler at 
 St. Anthony. He arrived in the spring of 1847. 
 In June of this year, William A. Cheever ob- 
 tained a claim near the present site of the Uni- 
 versity. Through him a negotiation was opened 
 with parties from the East for a purchase of the 
 water-power, which culminated July 10th, in the 
 sale by Mr. Steele of nine-tenths of the water- 
 power of St. Anthony Falls to lion. Robert Ran- 
 toul, Caleb Gushing and others for twelve 
 thousand dollars, and measures were at once 
 taken for the erection of mills. Mr. Ard Godfrey 
 was secured from Maine to superintend the con- 
 struction of a mill, and arrived in the fall of 
 1847. Mr. Jacob Fisher, of St. Croix, directed 
 the first work in the construction of the dam 
 previous to the arrival of Ard Godfrey. 
 During this year John Rollins, Calvin A. 
 Tuttle, Luther Pateli and his son Edward, 
 Sumner W. Farnliam, Caleb D. Dorr, Robert W. 
 Cummings, Charles W. Stimpson, R. P. Russell, 
 John McDonald, Samuel Ferrald. Joseph and 
 William R. Marshall, Daniel Stanchfield and 
 others arrived. Luther Patch brought his wife 
 and two daughters, who were the first resident 
 white women at St. Anthony. Calvin Tuttle 
 also brought his family. R. P. Russell brought 
 a stock of goods from the Fort, where he had 
 been since 1839, and, in connection with Mr. 
 Tuttle, opened a small store, the first in St. x\n- 
 thony, in a room of the log house on Mr. Steele's 
 claim, occupied at the same time as a residence 
 by Luther Patch and family. ITnder these favor- 
 able circumstances for acquaintance, it is not 
 surprising that this history records the marriage 
 of Mr. Russell and Miss Patch October 3d, 1848, 
 the first wedding in St. Antlumy. 
 
 In the spring of 1849, William R. Marshall, 
 afterward Governor of the state, established a 
 small store in company with his brother Jo- 
 seph M., in a building on Main street, 
 next above the former residence of John 
 Rollins. Disregarding the small stock of 
 goods kept as stated in a private house 
 by Mr. Russell, this is called by Gov. Marshall
 
 362 
 
 HISTOET OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 the first store in St. Anthony. In the fall of the 
 same year Mr. R. P. Kussell and his partner, Mr. 
 Cruttenden. opened a store on Main street above 
 the end of the present bridge; counting Marshall's 
 firet, this was the second store. John G. Lennon 
 opened the next in connection witli the American 
 Fur Company, P. Choteau & Co., whose main 
 office was in New Yoj-k, with a branch at St. 
 Louis, also located on Main street. In 1851, 
 John H. Stevens opened a store in connection 
 with Mr. Steele, under the name of John H. 
 Stevens and Company. 
 
 In the fall of 1849 the first steps in lumbering were 
 taken and a gang of men sent up the Mississippi 
 river to Swan river, by Mr. Steele, to secure timber 
 for the proposed mill. They paid tlie Sioux chief, 
 Hole-in-the-Day, two huntlred dollars for fifty 
 sticks of heweil timber. This timber was caught 
 at Pike Rapids, nine miles above Sauk Rapids, 
 and frozen in. but was mostly secured as it came 
 down in the spring. A gang sent up Rum River 
 to obtain timber for the dam were even more un- 
 fortunate, for their logs were frozen in at the 
 mouth of Rum River, and wholly lost in the spring 
 freshet, involving a loss of S3 .000. The work 
 must, however, go on during the winter, and 
 the beautiful maple and elm groves on Nicollet 
 and Hennepin Islands were ruthlessly sacrificed 
 to furnish the lumber reipiisite. A block-house 
 was built that fall, near the end of the present 
 stone-arch bridge leadmg to Nicollet Island, which 
 was called the '• Old Mess-house,'" for the men 
 employed on the dam during the winter, and Da- 
 \id Gorham acted in the capacity of cook. Ard 
 Godfrey, who also brought his family, lived in a 
 comfortable house near the mill, situated on what 
 is now ^lain Street, just below the falls. His 
 daughter llattie was the first white child born at 
 St. Anthony. 
 
 The winter of 1847-8 was ft-aught with misfor- 
 tunes to the settlers. The boat in wiiich their 
 supplies from the East were conveyed was sunk 
 in the Erie Canal. The hardware, of which they 
 were greatly in need, was wholly lost. This 
 caused great scarcity of tools with which to carry 
 forward their building. The winter was severe, 
 and provisions were scarce and high. ^Vomen 
 were too few to do the cooking, and men were 
 forced to act as cooks and housekeepers. The old 
 government saw-mill was a poor affair- and worked 
 
 slowly ; its utmost capacity was but three or four 
 hundred feet per day, and the settlers were forced 
 to bring lumber fi-om the St. Croix. Worst of all, 
 Rantoul and Cushing failed to meet their pay- 
 ments.and when their paper came back protested, 
 it was a source of great embarrassment to Mr. 
 Steele, and, as all depended on him, to the whole 
 settlement, its effects continued to be felt for some 
 time. In spite of all difficulties, Mr. Steele's mill 
 began to run in the spring of 1848, and many of 
 the inconveniences disappeared. Many new set- 
 tlers came in. and new houses were rapidly built. 
 The first built from the new lumber were one for 
 Mrs. Huse, and part of that occupied by Richard 
 Rogers, built by Washington GetcheU ; also one 
 built by liim for his own residence. 
 
 CHAPTER LVII. 
 
 DESCRIPTION OF SCENERY IX 1847 — GOVERN- 
 MENT LAND SALES SURVEYS ORGANIZA- 
 TION OF TERRITORY — LITERARY AND SOCIAL 
 INSTITUTIONS — EVENTS OF 1849-50. 
 
 The early explorers, visitors and pioneer settlers 
 have vied with each other in extolling the beau- 
 ties of this region in its original glory. We have 
 Father Hennepin's and Jonathan Carver's de- 
 scriptions at an early day, and in later times 
 novelists and poets have immortalized its scenery. 
 It will be appropriate to this history to give 
 brietiy the impressions produced upon the pioneer 
 settlers who arrived in the fall of 1847. just at 
 the time the work on the dam commenced, and 
 before the beauties as God made them had been 
 marred by the hand of man, and at the same 
 time give a picture of the settlement at this date 
 which properly belongs to this chapter. 
 
 "N'isitors arriving on foot, the usual mode of 
 travel in those, days, obtained their first view of 
 the Falls of St. Anthony from the high ground 
 where the University now stands. At this point 
 they would halt spell bound, and reclining on the 
 green grass take in the magnificent \ie\\. The
 
 SCENEBY IN 1847. 
 
 363 
 
 fall was the central figure, where the mighty 
 Father of Waters leaps over the limestone rocks 
 twenty-five or thirty feet to the foot of the preci- 
 pice, extending in nearly a straight line from 
 Hennepin Island to the east bank, forming a 
 gentle curve from the island to the west bank. 
 The roaring of the fall seemed to threaten the 
 solid land, but the rainbow of promise beckoned 
 on the traveler, inviting his approach and holding 
 out rich rewards. Just below^ the falls, but in the 
 midst of their spray, was a little green island 
 called " Spirit Island." An old Indian legend 
 makes it the abode of an Indian mother who 
 threw herself with her child into the river and 
 went down into the seething water in anguisli of 
 heart because her lord and master brought a new 
 wife into the wigwam. The banks and the 
 islands were covered with beautiful evergreens. 
 At the right, the banks slope gently from the 
 high land above to the bank of the stream, while 
 still farther to the right, above the rising ground, 
 was a level expanse varied by clusters of oaks of 
 low growth which gave the appearance of an old 
 orchard. Still further as a back-ground, extend- 
 ing as far as the eye could reach, a line of low 
 bluffs. On the left was spread out a beautiful 
 rolling prairie covered with a wild luxuriance of 
 grass and flowers, while on the bank near the 
 falls appeared a low pile of limestone, which 
 proved on approach to be the old government mill 
 that grinds a little corn and saws a little lumber 
 in a rude and primitive manner. At this time 
 the falls were nearly perpendicular, and that of the 
 main channel numy hundred feet lower down 
 than the present fall. Spirit Island, now almost 
 washed away, was then of considerable size and 
 covered with wood, and only a little way below 
 the main fall. Cataract, Hennepin and Nicollet 
 Islands were densely wooded. Opposite the falls, 
 but a little removed from the bank on the east 
 side, stood the log cabin of Mr. Steele, with a 
 few' acres of corn growing near it, at what is now 
 the corner of Second Avenue South and Main 
 Street, East Division. 
 
 The block house then building, Pierrie Botti- 
 neau's house on the bank of the river above the 
 head of Nicollet Island, Calvin A. Tuttle's claim 
 shanty near the ravine north of the University, 
 and two or three French squatter's cabins were 
 all that marked tiie presence of man. Mr. Luther 
 
 Patch, with two interesting daughters, ilarion 
 and Cora, were living in the old log house of ilr. 
 Steele. The former soon became JMrs. R. P. 
 Russell, and the latter Mrs. Joseph M. Marshall. 
 At this date Saint Paul, which soon after assumed 
 the position of the commercial centre for the 
 North-west, was little in advance of this poor 
 showing for Saint Anthony, and shrewd men 
 whose wit often comes afterward, now assert 
 that, as the Mississippi is easily navigable to a 
 point three miles below the Falls of Saint An- 
 thony, if the claim held in 1847 by Denoyer, three 
 miles down the river, had became the pro]ierty 
 of such men as built up Saint Paul and Minne- 
 apolis, the commercial center might have been 
 made there, and thus brought in close proximity 
 to what God ordained should be the manufactur- 
 ing centre. Had this happened, doubtless this 
 dual city would long since have become by the 
 imion of three, a city of more than one hundred 
 thousand inhabitants, with vastly greater wealth 
 than the present aggregate of all. 
 
 It must be borne in mind that up to this time 
 these lands still belonged to tlie I'nited States 
 government. No siu-vey had been made and no 
 title to the land had been or could be conveyed 
 imtil such survey was made and recorded. Set- 
 tlements, therefore, previous to this were simply 
 squatters' claims, and transfers of claims hereto- 
 fore, had been in anticipation of the survey and 
 government land sale. The sale took place in 
 1848 and the lands were entered by the several 
 claimants at the government price, one dollar 
 and a quarter per acre. The rights of each were 
 strictly regarded although it was now certain 
 that the claims were quite valuable. It woidd 
 further appear that some of the claims adjoining, 
 or near Mr. Steele's were held by the claimants 
 inider a contract with ^Ir. Steele, or were bought 
 by him immediately after the survey and entry, 
 for, he is represented as having obtained at the 
 government price, a tract extending from where 
 the bridge now is "to the northern limits of the 
 village, and another at the upper end of the town 
 and the island called Boom Island." From the 
 fact that titles and transfers about this time 
 appear a little mixed, it is inferred that measures 
 w-ere taken by Mr. Steele to cover such lands as 
 he thought most valuable, by employing others 
 to hold them until mider the color of purchase
 
 364 
 
 HISTORY OF HENNEPIX COUNTY. 
 
 the claims were, according to previous contract, 
 transfeiTed to him. 
 
 In the spring of 184S, as stated above, Mr. 
 Steele's mill was complete and nmning two single 
 sash saws. Dining this year Mr. Cheever platted 
 and laid out a town where he first located, near 
 the present site of the I'niversity. This seems 
 to have been a year of preparation for the incom- 
 ers of 1849, who came in considerable numbers; 
 but the character of the men was of gi-eater sig- 
 nificance tliau their numbers; such men as Col. 
 John H. Stevens, Judge Bradley B. Meeker, Dr. 
 John II. Murphy, the Getchells. Farnhams. etc., 
 etc. 
 
 In tlie spring of this year "Wm. K. Mar- 
 shall, afterward Governor of the state, came to 
 reside at St. Anthony. He had %isited here in 
 the fall of 1847. at which time he made a claim 
 in the rear of what is ninv the upper town, and 
 cut logs for a cabin, but could find no team to 
 draw them together, and al)andoned the claim for 
 more promising employment on the St. Croix 
 Kiver. On his return, in the spring of 1849, he 
 secured his old claim and erected his house. 
 This subsequently formed Marshall's addition to 
 St. Anthony. 
 
 Mr. Steele, in further preparation for new- 
 comers, employed Wm. E. Marshall to survey 
 into blocks and lots the town site of St. Anthony. 
 Mr. S. P. Folsom had begun a survey previously, 
 but it was not completed and was superseded by 
 the new survey. Gov. Marshall states that he 
 tried to secure generous-sized lots and wide 
 streets. The lots were made sixty-six feet front 
 by one hundred and sixty-five feet in depth, and 
 the streets all eighty feet wide except Main street, 
 whicli was made one hundred feet. Mr. Botti- 
 neau, who had never seen a city, and had a very 
 imperfect conception of one, or the use of all 
 this measurement, for, since he had never learned 
 to read, he had never read of a city, after listening 
 to the conversation of the land speculators, di- 
 rected Mr. :Marshall to take his land and fix it 
 like the othere, or do as he pleased with it. 
 
 From this year, dates the real growth of St. 
 Anthony. In addition to those mentioned above, 
 we find Hon. J. W. Xortli. John G. Lennon. J. P. 
 Wilson, and twenty more of names that have be- 
 come of great interest in connection with the de- 
 velopment of the city. This year was a time of 
 
 general stir and prosperity. Mr. Steele started 
 two more saws. Anson Northrup began the St. 
 Charles hotel. About this time Mr. Steele 
 sold to Arnold W. Taylor, of Boston, an undi- 
 vided half interest in his property at the Falls, 
 for §20,000. This proved subsequently a damage 
 to the settlement, for Mr. Taylor, an eccentric 
 old man, could not agree with any one, and two 
 years after, Mr. Steele thought himself fortunate 
 in buying back the property for 825,000, Litiga- 
 tions growing out of this transaction were pro- 
 ductive of e^dl, and retarded the growth of the 
 city. The population did not exceed three hun- 
 dred. Xear the river were most of the newly 
 built houses, unpainted, but ft-esh and bright 
 from the recently sawn lumber, while back from 
 the river were log houses already stained by the 
 hand of time. During the year the territory 
 was organized in June, m accordance with 
 an act of congress passed March 3d, 1849, 
 The area emliraced in the territory was 
 nearly double that of the present state. 
 Pursuant to a proclamation of the governor, 
 courts were organized for the territory of Min- 
 nesota in August. The President appointed 
 Aaron Goodrich, Daniel Cooper, and Bradley B. 
 Meeker, judges in the several districts. Judge 
 Meeker removed at this time from Kentucky to 
 St. Anthony, and held his first court in the old 
 government mill, August 20th, 1849. with Frank- 
 lin Steele, foreman of the grand jury. John Koll- 
 ins was elected to the Territorial Council, and 
 William R. Marshall, to the House of Represen- 
 tatives from St. Anthony, and William Dugas 
 from Little Canada, which was united with St. 
 Anthony, in the same representative district. At 
 the meeting of the Legislature, at St. Paul, 
 which had been made temporary capital by the act 
 organizing the territory, a bill was introduced to 
 make it the permanent capital. This biO was 
 opposed by Mr. ^Marshall and othere. and a vig- 
 orous, though ineifectual attempt was made to 
 locate it at St. Anthony. The struggle was aided 
 by a fore-runner of "Xast" who caricatured it 
 by a pictiu-e of a building, representing a Capitol 
 on wheels with ropes attached by means of which 
 Mr. :SIarshall was tugging away, endeavoring to 
 di-ag the building off, while Bronson, Jackson and 
 others of St. Paul were pulling back and blocking 
 the wheels, with humorous and laconic speeches is-
 
 POSI-OFFICE AND SCHOOL-HOUSE. 
 
 365 
 
 suing from their mouths. The struggle, however, 
 led ultimately to the establishment of the Uni- 
 versity at St. Anthony as a partial equivalent. 
 During this year, the first post-office was estab- 
 lished in a small office building belonging to Mr. 
 Steele, with Ard Godfrey as postmaster. Cap- 
 tain John Rollins ran a passenger wagon occa- 
 sionally to St. Paul, but Mr. Godfrey had no reg- 
 ular mail-carrier until the next year, 1850, when 
 Powers and Willoughliy established a line of 
 daily stages between St. Paul and St. Anthony. 
 In 1849, Mr. Godfrey obtained the mail at m-eg- 
 ular intervals as he could from St. Paul. 
 
 It had previously been a matter of serious mo- 
 ment, and attended, too, with much apprehension 
 to perceive the approach of a long cold winter, in 
 a country where few of the necessaries of life 
 were produced, where the settlers were depen- 
 dent on supplies brought from a distance by 
 means of very uncertain and iriegular communi- 
 cation, where few were able to secure large stores 
 in advance, and were lialile to be cut off for 
 weeks together from communicating witli the 
 outside world. In the winter of 1849, social en- 
 joyments began, as the direct result of increased 
 population, and the arrival of educated and agreea- 
 ble people as well as better houses and more of 
 the luxuries of life. Mr. and Mrs. North lived in 
 a house near the center of Nicollet Island. Their 
 approach was by a floating bridge, formed by the 
 accumulation of logs for the mills, except when 
 the ice of winter, bridged the entire river. Mrs. 
 North had a piano, the tjrst at the falls, and 
 weekly meetings were held at the house for read- 
 ing, conversation and music. Mr. jNIarshall pro- 
 cured tlie passage of a bill incorporating a liltrary 
 association, and nearly two hundred volumes were 
 obtained, and thus the first public library in Min- 
 nesota, was founded. A course of public lectures 
 was instituted during the winter; the lecturers 
 w^ere Hon. M. S. Wilkinson, Gen. R. W. John- 
 ston, then Lieutenant at Fort Snelling, Rev. 
 Father Gear, Rev. E. D. Neill, Elder Chauncey 
 Hobart, Putnam P. Bishop and others. In the 
 summer of 1849, the first public school was op- 
 ened, in a small log shanty by Miss Electa Rachus. 
 In the fall a small school-house was built, the 
 first within the present limits of Hennepin county. 
 During the winter following, Rev. E. D. Neill, of 
 St. Paul, preached every other Sunday afternoon, 
 
 in this school-house. He stated that his congre- 
 gation was larger at St. Anthony than at St. 
 Paul, where he also preached in the morning. 
 
 Rev. E. D. Neill delivered the first lecture in the 
 course, in the winter of 1849. The lectures were 
 given in the school-house. Referring to this 
 course of lectures in an address before the Old 
 Settlers Association, Mr. Neill said : 
 
 " Allusion has been made to the first course of 
 lectures given at the Falls, the introductory to 
 which was delivered under difficulties. It was 
 announced that the course would open on the 
 night of December 26th, 1849. The lecturer had 
 dined at the residence of one of the best educated 
 and most energetic men of the Upper Mississippi 
 Valley, the late Charles W. Borup, then residing 
 at Mendota. After a late dinner. Doctor Borup, 
 with his sleigh and a pair of spirited horses, 
 started with the lecturer for the Falls. 
 
 " It took but a few minutes to reach the Fort, 
 but after its walls were passed it was dark, and 
 fresh snow had obscured the path, which was sel- 
 dom traveled. Soon the horses carried the sleigh 
 into the cellar of a house that had been destroyed, 
 but they quickly clambered out. At last the old 
 government mill was reached, and the horses cau- 
 tiously descended the bluff, to the frozen river. 
 The cakes of ice were jammed perpendicularly, 
 and there were long hollows between, and as 
 the sleigh would pass over, the ice-hillocks would 
 break down with a loud crash, and more than 
 once the thought arose upon the part of the occu- 
 pants, whether the sleigh would halt before it 
 touched bottom. Af t«r slow and cautious driving, 
 the east side of Hennepin Island was reached, 
 only to find a large air-hole. Escaping tliis by a 
 long detour, firm land was touched once more, 
 and as the sleigh approached the school-bouse 
 John Rollins met it, and in a very kind voice, but 
 at the time it seemed a cool way, told the lecturer 
 he was about ten minutes too late, and that the 
 audience had gone home. Sadder, if not wiser 
 and "warmer" men, the horses were turned 
 around, and driver and lecturer reached Mendota 
 at bed time. The people of the Falls were still 
 determined to have the lecture, and soon after, 
 AVm. R. Jlarshall, the late governor of the State, 
 who had organized the Library Association, came 
 in a sleigh after the lecturer. In the midst of a 
 heavy snow-storm they drove to St. Antliony from
 
 366 
 
 HISTORY OF HEXKI:PIN^ COUNTY. 
 
 St. Paul, and the lecture was delivered, and an 
 abstract of it published as an appendix to the first 
 ad(h-ess before the Minnesota Historical Society." 
 
 This year, 1849, was a prosperous one in all de- 
 partments: preparations were made for the build- 
 ins of churches. The Baptist Church was or- 
 ganized in July, 1850. through the instrumental- 
 ity of J. P. Parsons and W. P. Brown, and in 
 August, the iletliodist by Pev. J. G. Putnam and 
 Mr. Xewcomb. The Congregational Church, in 
 which the First Presbyterian Church, organized 
 in September, 1850, was merged, was organized 
 Xovember. 1851. with Rev. C. Secconibe in charge. 
 In 1852, the Episcopal Church was organized by 
 Rev. Dr. E. G. Gear and T. "Wilcoxson, and the 
 Universalist, by Rev. S. Barnes. 
 
 In 1850 some events of interest occurred. 
 During this year several successful attempts 
 were made to navigate the ilississippi to St. An- 
 thony, already mentioned under Hennepin 
 county. Tlie failure to establish regular com- 
 munication induced some to transfer their resi- 
 dence to St. Paul. A purse of two hundred dol- 
 lars was made up for the ''Anthony Wayne," 
 because she established St. Anthony as the head 
 of navigation. The only difficulty was that it 
 would not stay established. 
 
 In IsoO occurred the exciting election for Dele- 
 gate to Congress, in which Mr., now Gov., Sil)ley 
 and Col. Alexander JSI. Mitchell were opposing 
 candidates. ^Messrs. Sibley and Rice had been 
 partners in tlie Indian trading interests in con- 
 nection with the great house of Pierre Choteau, 
 Jr., & Co. A quarrel arose in the fall of 1849, in 
 consequence of which :Mr. Rice left the firm. 
 General Sibley was at this time delegate to con- 
 gress, and had done good service in securing the 
 passage of the ten-itorial bill, but every effort was 
 made by Gov. Rice and his supporters to defeat 
 him by putting forward and supporting Col. 
 Mitchell. The fears and jealousies of the people 
 were arouse<i concerning the monopoly exercised 
 by the Fur company, and under the cry of "Anti- 
 monopoly," local issues were made at St. An- 
 thony that arrayed many unwillingly against 
 General Sibley. The distinguished novelist, 
 Frederica Bremer, visited here in 1850. In her 
 book, '-Homes in the Xew World," she makes 
 happy allusions to this visit. Mr. Xorth and 
 
 others had difficulty in getting her across the 
 floating bridge to Xicollet Island. 
 
 The first recorded survey of the town of St. 
 Anthony bears record February 23d. 1850. and 
 the plat is entitled "St. Anthony and Steele and 
 Russell Addition to St. Anthony," by William 
 R. Marshall. The bounds of this plat are Fifth 
 street on the north-east, and the river on the 
 south. The old names of the streets were Mar- 
 shall, Rollins. Dacotah (so spelled on the plat), 
 Todd. Dana. Wood. etc. 
 
 The original town was laid out on the south- 
 west quarter of section 14, township 20. range 
 24, west of the 4th principal meridian. Marshalfs 
 Addition, surveyed by AV. R. Marshall June 
 18th, 18-50, was located on the north-west quarter of 
 section 14. Orth"s Addition was surveyed May 1st 
 1855, by L. P. Drake, situated on fractional lot 
 number 2 in section 15. Bottineau's first addi- 
 tion bears no date; his second is dated May 21st, 
 1855. 
 
 In June, 1850, the St. Charles Hotel was com- 
 pleted, which was begun by Anson Xorthrup 
 the previous season. It stood on Marshall Street, 
 corner of Sixth Avenue Xorth. It was a two- 
 story building, and had twenty-five sleeping- 
 rooms, a large dining-hall. two large parlors and 
 a dancing-hall: the accommodations were suffi- 
 cient for seventy-five guests. This building was 
 afterward burned. 
 
 Among the arrivals of this year were Allen 
 Harmon. Edwin Hedderly, Judge Isaac Atwater, 
 C. W. Christmas, Joseph Dean. Peter Poncin, 
 Thomas Chambers, Edward Murphy, George W. 
 Chowen, Simon Stevens, Henry Chambers, W. 
 W. Wales, John Wensinger, Warren Bristol, J. 
 B. Bassett, William Finch and others. 
 
 ^Ir. Christmas was a surveyor and soon em- 
 ployed. He replaced the stakes that had been 
 removed on Mr. Cheever's claim at Cheevertown. 
 or St. Anthony City, as called by Mr. Cheever. 
 Here a hotel was kept, ansl a remarkable feature 
 was a tower ninety feet high Iniilt for observa- 
 tion, bearing the euphonious notice. '-Pay your 
 dime and climb." Mr. Cheever also put in a hy- 
 draulic ram that furnished water to the stages 
 which passed his door. Another place of public 
 resort, especially for Sunday driving, was kept by 
 Stephen Deuoyer about three miles down the
 
 MILLS— FIRST NEWSPAPEB. 
 
 367 
 
 river. Col. Allen, who now keeps the ilerchants 
 Hotel at St. Paul, kept a livery stable to provide 
 teams for business or pleasure driving. The dam 
 built in 1S47 was a low log frame, and the experi- 
 ence of two spring freshets had proved it inade- 
 quate. Hence it was determined to raise the 
 dam, extending from Nicollet Island to the east 
 bank, two feet. During the summer previous, a 
 temporary dam had been thrown across from the 
 island to the west bank, the main object of 
 which was to throw the current to the east chan- 
 nel. The contract for furnishing the timber for 
 the new dam was made between Ard Godfrey and 
 Pierre Bottineau on January 21st. 1851. The arti- 
 cles of agreement provided part payment in oats 
 at 60 cents, corn at 70 cents, sugar at 9J 
 cents and butter at 25 cents; four dollars 
 per thousand, board measure l)y the St. Croix 
 scale, was the price specified for the timber, which 
 was to be delivered by the first of June. These 
 improvements were made in contemplation of 
 running sixteen saws, eight of which were then 
 in operation, producing a total of 50.000 feet per 
 day. H. T. Welles afterward operated seven of 
 the eight, and had SSO.OOO invested in tlie lum- 
 bering trade here. Lath and shingles were also 
 manufactured, giving employment to more than 
 one hundred men. Farnham & Stimson operated 
 one saw. with about S6,000 invested in the busi- 
 ness. The average price of lumber was S10.50 
 per thousand. In May of this year a division of 
 the Sons of Temperance. Cataract Lodge No. 2, 
 was organized. In the winter of ]850-ol the 
 University was located here, and the citizens of 
 St. Anthony raised S3 .000 by subscription to- 
 ward the building. The St. Anthony Express, 
 the first newspaper, came into life May 31st, 1851, 
 under the proprietor, E. Tyler, a merchant tailor. 
 Judge Isaac Atwater editor, and II. Woodbury 
 printer. The first issue gives notice of the es- 
 tablishment of a new line of daily stages be- 
 tween St. Anthony and St. Paul by Patterson 
 and Benson. The rival stage routes cut down 
 the rates of travel to their own damage and the 
 advantage of the traveling public. Among the 
 items of .lanuary 3d. 1852, is the notice of the ar- 
 rival of N. "W. Kittson, J. Roulette and Mr. 
 Grignon from Pembina in sixteen days by dog 
 train, a journey of six hundred miles. The 
 question is asked, "How long will it be before we 
 
 have daily communication with Pembina by rail- 
 road?" and adds, "We will venture to say within 
 the next dozen years," a prediction that came 
 nearer fulfillment than the readers of the Ex- 
 press then anticipated. The temperance element 
 of the place seems to have been ui the ascend- 
 ancy at that time, for the same paper in its issue 
 of Febniary 7th, 1852, says: "There is not a 
 gambling institution, or a drinking saloon, or a 
 whisky grocery, or a grog shop in town. We have 
 no room for those who frequent such places." 
 
 CHAPTER LVIII. 
 
 CHIPPEWAS AND SIOUX AT FORT SNELLING— 
 RE3IOVAL OF WISSEBAGOES — ATTACHED TO 
 
 HENNEPIN COUNTY INCORPORATED AS A 
 
 CITY — FERRIES AND BRIDGES. 
 
 In 1857. a little pamphlet was issued by Thomas 
 Hale Williams, city clerk for many years, from 
 which we quote to show the condition of the city at 
 that time and to show the growth and improve- 
 ment during the first twenty years of its exist- 
 ence. It will be necessary for this history to 
 pass over many events of the intervening years 
 which were full of interest, as rapid growth and 
 development continued, in order to hasten to the 
 other side of the river, where events were trans- 
 piring worthy of our notice. ilr. Williams' 
 pampldet states tliat the estimated capacity 
 of the saws then in ojieration along Main Street 
 was 20,000.000 feet per annum, besides 13,000 
 shingles and 20,000 lath daily. 
 
 Another shingle-mill, on Cataract Island, was 
 estimated at 2,500.000 per annum. I). W. Marr 
 had a steam saw-mill running in the upper town, 
 driven by an engine of 150 horse power, with an 
 estimated capacity of 25,000 feet per day. A 
 machine factory, for turning iron and wood-work, 
 was located below t!ie falls, in which was also 
 manufactured bedsteads, sash, doors, and Ijlinds. 
 On Hennepin Island was the flouring-mill of Rol- 
 lins, Upton and Eastman, and anotlier about half 
 the capacity, near the saw-mill. Another shingle
 
 368 
 
 HISTORY OF MEXKEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 and blind factorj- was built in ]8o7, on Hennepin 
 Island, by B. C. Morrison. On the west side of 
 Hennepin Island, Messrs. Rogers, Stimson, Kent 
 and Co. erected a two-story stone building, sixty- 
 feet square, with which another, fifty by eighty 
 feet, was connected, for the manufacture of sash, 
 dooi-s. blinds, mouldings, and other mside finish- 
 ings. Two planing-mills and several saws were 
 attached, altogether, with the building, costing 
 about 830,000. This establishment is now used 
 as a paper manufactory. The amount of logs 
 brought down the river that season was estimated 
 at 150,000,000 feet. 
 
 The University was in process of building, the 
 part then under contract to cost S49.000. A high 
 school or private academy was in session, under 
 the direction of H. B. Taylor. The Baptist, 
 Episcopal. Congregational, ilethodist. and Cath- 
 olic societies had church edifices, and an elegant 
 stone church was building by the Universalists. 
 The "Winslow House was also building, and its 
 completion the following spring was looked for- 
 ward to witli great interest. Its cost was esti- 
 mated at SIOO.OOO, and the opinion expressed that 
 it would be surpassed by no house in the United 
 States, when all its advantages are considered. 
 This city (still St. Anthony) contained one hun- 
 dred and five biisijiess places, including cabinet, 
 boot and shoe and other shops, several real estate 
 dealere, two surveyoi's. two architects, two print- 
 ing offices, a number of hotels and boarding- 
 houses, ten lawyers, and eight physicians. 
 
 Two steamers, the H. M. Rice and Governor 
 Ramsey, were making regular trips to Sauk Rap- 
 ids and intermediate points, and during the sea- 
 son of navigation, both were crowded \\ ith pas- 
 sengers and freight. 
 
 On one of these trips, the Governor Ramsey, 
 Captain John Rollins, brought about ninety Chip- 
 pewas from Sauk Rapids. From this point they 
 proceeded on foot to Fort Snelling, to meet the 
 Sioux in council for the purpose of effecting a 
 treaty looking to more peaceful tribal relations. 
 A large awning liad been prepared at the Fort, 
 under which the Chippewas were ranged, sitting 
 to await the arrival of the Sioux, who soon came 
 with brandish and warlike flourish, evidently with 
 intent to intimidate theh- foes, for it must be 
 borne in mind that, though met for the purpose 
 stated, there never existed, and probably never 
 
 will exist, a true friendly feeling between these 
 two powerful tribes. During this demonstration 
 the Chippewas remained silent and motionless, 
 not a muscle of the features of any one moving. 
 It is stated by an eye witness, that if the Cliippe- 
 was had stampeded, as was the evident design of 
 the Sioux, the latter would, without doubt, have 
 fallen upon them in iniUscrimiiiate slaughter. 
 Failing in this, they filed into place under the 
 awning, and assumed the same stolid look as their 
 opponents. Quite a number of ladies were pres- 
 ent on the occasion, which was a matter of great 
 annoyance to the Sioux chief. Little Crow, who 
 made known, through his interpreter, his disgust 
 at the presence, in this " council of braves," of 
 the pale-faced squaws. At this the Chippewa 
 chief, Hole-in-the-day, rose to his feet, and with 
 a dignity and grace worthy of the proudest cour- 
 tier, waved his warriors aside, and invited the 
 ladies to seats upon his side. This act gained for 
 the Cluppewa chieftain the highest favor of the 
 assemblage. 
 
 In the spring of 1854, the Winnebago Indians 
 were removed from ATatab to tlie Blue Earth 
 resen'ation, and on their way spent a week at 
 St. Anthony. During their stay they amused 
 the citizens by their dances and discordant 
 songs, and received in return niunerous cold 
 lunches, pennies, etc. On a Sabbath morning, 
 the Rev. Mr. Creighton was holding religious 
 services in the old Methodist Episcopal chiu'ch, 
 when a practical joker sent a band of Winneba- 
 goes to the church, telling them the people who 
 lived there would be pleased with their dance, 
 and would contribute liberally. The effect 
 upon the audience at seemg their dusky faces 
 peering in at the windows, may be imagined. 
 The worshipers iiished out without the ceremony 
 of benediction, and discovered the imposition too 
 late to return. 
 
 Though Indians were frequently seen, it was a 
 novel sight to the inhabitants of St. Anthony to 
 see several hundred together. The squaws drag- 
 ged the canoes, about one hunched in number, 
 through the streets, and what with braves, 
 squaws, papooses, dogs, and canoes, a sensation 
 was created. 
 
 St. Anthony was detached from Ramsey 
 county March 4th, 1856, and attached to Henne- 
 pin for greater convenience of its citizens. "We
 
 FEBRIES AND BRIDGES. 
 
 369 
 
 have thus in the short tune covered by this his- 
 tory seen it described in four counties, viz: Craw- 
 ford and St. Croix counties, Territory of Wiscon- 
 sin, and Ramsey and Hennepin, Minnesota. 
 Besides all these, in the early days of St. Anthony 
 an attempt was made, after the organization of 
 Hennepin county, to set off a strip of territory 
 along the river to form the county of St. An- 
 thony. Wiser mmds saw the natural attachment 
 of this to Hennepin county, and to Captain Rol- 
 lins, then m the territorial council, is due the 
 ultimate union of St. Anthony witli Hennepin 
 county. 
 
 As St. Anthony began to assume importance, 
 measures were taken to secure an act of incorpor- 
 ation, and a bUl passed the legislature in 1855, 
 granting corporate prinleges to the city of St. 
 Anthony, describing its limits as including what 
 lies east of the river, of the following sections 
 and parts of sections, viz: section 10 and the 
 west half of section 11, sections 13, 14, 15, 23, 24, 
 25, towii 29, range 24. stating that it shall con- 
 sist of three wards; the officers shall be a Mayor 
 and a board of aldermen consisting of six mem- 
 bers. 
 
 At the next session of legislature, 1856, sec- 
 tion 25 was thrown out by an amendatory act. 
 
 In accordance with this act of legislature, the 
 city of St. Anthony came into the sisterhood 
 of cities ui 1860, and a municipal government 
 was established. 
 
 Many events of great interest in connection 
 with the growth and development of St. An- 
 thony, appear in the history of the county and are 
 inextricalily intermingled with the early history 
 of Minneapolis. To these we must therefore re- 
 fer the reader for fuller details, while many more 
 wUl appear in the histories of the manufactories. 
 and biographies of individuals, and if, after all, 
 facts that some may deem essential, are omitted, 
 indulgence is entreated, because events, in cities 
 of such rapid growth, crowd on each other so as 
 to compel the omission of some. 
 
 FEKKIES AND BRIDGES. 
 
 We desire, now, to cross the river to investi- 
 gate the settlement, growth and progress there, 
 but before we advance further it will be interest- 
 ing to recall the first method of crossing and fol- 
 24 
 
 low up the improvements, by a sketch of ferries 
 and bridges. 
 
 The first, and for a long time the only means, 
 of crossing the Mississippi at this point, was by 
 fording on the ledge at the foot of Xicollet Island, 
 which could be performed oidy at low water and 
 before the building of the dam. The current 
 was very swift and horses required shoes to hold 
 on the rocks and avoid slipping. At Boom Island 
 ^;he current was less rapid, and here crossings 
 were made with canoes. One old squaw, who 
 netted fish and lived mostly on the river, derived 
 considerable income from setting travelers across 
 with her canoe. 
 
 In 1847, Mr. Steele established a ferry near the 
 site of the present suspension bridge, from Nicol- 
 let Island to the west shore. Teams were still 
 compelled to follow the ledge in crossing the 
 eastern channel to the foot of Nicollet Island, 
 and thence up the Island to the ferry, which con- 
 sisted of a flat boat with posts near each end, 
 over which a large rope or cable was drawii, 
 fastened at each end to the banks of the stream. 
 The cable served a double purpose, preventing 
 the drifting down stream, and affording a means 
 for hauling the boat across. R. P. Russell, Mr. 
 Steele's agent, took charge of the ferry, at first 
 employing Dubey to operate the boat. Edgar 
 Folsom arrived late in the fall of 1847, and the 
 following summer took charge of the feny and 
 ran it one season; after this. Captain Tapper had 
 charge imtil the building of the bridge, when he 
 assisted in that, afterward collecting tlie tolls. 
 
 Several stories are told at the expense of Mr. 
 Folsom when hi charge of the ferry. Once, be- 
 fore he had become familiar with the operation, 
 he lost patience with the man ruimuig the boat 
 because he did not obey his orders, and cast the 
 rope off one of the posts to escape a blockade of 
 ice that was straining the rope like a bow-cord. 
 Seizing it himself, he cast it off, but was hurled 
 more than twenty feet on the rough ice by the re- 
 bound of the cable. In another instance, a 
 daughter of Reuben Bean, who had located on 
 the west side, was out in a canoe on the river, 
 being quite skillful in its use, from experience on 
 the Illinois river, the foi-mer home of the family, 
 but striking the cable of the ferry, she was upset 
 and in some danger. Folsom hastened to her re- 
 lief and after extricating her from her imfortu-
 
 370 
 
 HJSIOBY OF HENNEPIN COUNIY. 
 
 iiate situation demanded the damseFs liand as 
 remuneration for his gallantry, but she thinking 
 the demand too high, exclaimed. '• Put me back 
 on the fen-y rope."' Another incident that oc- 
 curred near the feny, but later, while Captain 
 Tapper was in charge, came near proving fatal to 
 more than one. In this case. 8imon Stevens and 
 Captain John Tapper went to the rescue of a little 
 boy about seven years of age, who was alone in a 
 lioat floating rapidly toward the falls. It appears 
 that an older lioy in steiiping out of the boat had 
 lost hold of it. and unwittingly placed the little 
 fellow who was in his charge, in jeopardy. The 
 loud cries of the older lioy attracted the attention 
 of the rescuei-s to the little fellow, who, with in- 
 nocent unconcern, was enjoying the motion of the 
 boat. They rescued him. though they were com- 
 jielled to row so near the brink of the falls them- 
 selves, that for a moment, it was doubtful wliich 
 would be victorious, the strong current or their 
 strong arms. Their best efforts at first failed to 
 show any gain, but at last inch by inch, they 
 pulled away from their perilous situation. The 
 little boy in this ston' became one of the business 
 men of this city, J. II. Pottle, the carriage man- 
 ufactiu'er. The total income of the ferry the 
 tirst year was said to be only S300. It soon 
 proved inadequate to the demands, and ^Ir. 
 Steele conceived the idea of a suspension bridge 
 and canied it out. Our history has not yet 
 reached the west side, but we shall soon see, what 
 Mr. Steele saw, a royal neighbor asking for a royal 
 passage across the stream. History informs us 
 that when Queen Elizabeth proposed to honor 
 Kennilworth Castle by a visit. Leicester ordered 
 a poition of the outer wall thrown down, and a 
 broad passage made, stating that he had never 
 till now had need for a portal that was fit for the 
 passage of a Queen. Franklin Steele seems to have 
 had as grand an idea of Minneapolis. The un- 
 dertaking was the more startling, as the great 
 Jlississippi had never been bridged from Lake 
 Itasca to the Gulf. It was undertaken in 1854, as 
 a private enterprise by the Minneapolis Bridge 
 Company, consisting of Franklin Steele. H. T. 
 AVelles and company, and was eight months 
 building, but on the 19th of March follow- 
 ing, it was dismantled h\ a heavy gale, and 
 nearly aU summer consumed in repairmg the 
 damage. July 4th. 18oo, the first team cross- 
 
 ed. It is worthy of mention, that the famous 
 •■ ^'ermont Morrill," driven by Chester Mar- 
 tin first crossed the bridge. This horse was 
 brought from ^'ermont, when five years old. to 
 St. Anthony in ISoo, and remained here two 
 years. Probably the most celebrated horse ever 
 raised in tlie county, was the '• Finch " horse 
 sired by the first horse that crossed the first liridge 
 over the Mississippi river. Two years later the 
 tolls at this bridge were estimated at S12.o00 per 
 annum. A Howe truss bridge wasbuilt in 1856-7. 
 across the river between 11th and 12th avenues 
 south-east.about three rods above Bridal ^^eil Falls, 
 and was in cliarge of Robert H. Jefferson. Dur- 
 ing a time of high water in 1859, logs were caught 
 by the bridge, in consequence of its being built 
 too low, and it became a WTeck. Calvin A. Tut- 
 tle gave the right of way to the approaches. 
 
 It will serve to explain the distance between 
 the ferries and bridges, if we recall the fact 
 that they were private enterprises, under chartei-s 
 obtained from the State, and by the terms of 
 their charters, each was protected against oppo- 
 sition by a provision that no similar charter shoukl 
 be granted within a mile. 
 
 The gt)vernment bridge across the ravine on 
 Third Street, and another connecting Main Street 
 with Hennepin Island, and still another ct)nnect- 
 Lng Mala Sti-eet with Nicollet Island were buUt 
 previous to 1857, and at this date a bridge was 
 building across the Mississippi, about a mile be- 
 low the Suspension Bridge, by the Minnesota 
 Bridge Company, at a cost of S52.000. In 1852-3 
 a wooden bridge was built across the east chan- 
 nel, which was repaired and replaced by other 
 similar structures. This obviated the necessity 
 of fording the river, as had been necessary pre- 
 viously. The wooden bridge was rejilaced in 
 1878 by the present stone-arch bridge. Tlie rail- 
 road bridge of tlie St. Paul, Minneapolis & Mani- 
 toba Railway was constructed in 18(58 at a cost 
 of S7o,000 by the St. Paul & Pacific Railroad 
 Company. A draw-bridge was built near Orth's 
 brewery, which remained in use about six years. 
 All these were toll bridges except that replaced 
 by the stone-arch bridge. The upper and lower 
 bridges now in use were built in 1874, by the 
 King Bridge Company of Topeka, Kansas. The 
 Suspension Bridge was purchased by tlie county 
 fi'om Franklin Steele and made a free bridge.
 
 THE WEST SIDE. 
 
 371 
 
 The present Suspension Bridge was built in 1876 
 and is the pride of the city. Its breaking strain 
 is estimated at 4,!tsu,000 pounds; total strength 
 of all the cables, 10,995,072 pounds. The main 
 cables are nine inches in diameter and swing in- 
 ward about six feet. The outside cables sup- 
 porting the walks are three and one-half inches 
 in diameter and swing inward about eleven inch- 
 es. The length of wire used, exclusive of wrap- 
 pings, is 1,421 miles. The towers are eighty feet 
 high; the length of the bridge 630 feet. Walks 
 for foot-passengers are on both sides of the drive. 
 Its entire cost was S221 ,024.50. Even this struct- 
 ure proves inadequate to the demand, and a 
 proposition is on foot to extend the bridge in 
 width by swinging outward the cables supporting 
 the walks, which as stated above now swing in- 
 ward. 
 
 A plan has been matured, and preparations are 
 now making for the construction of a railroad 
 bridge diagonally across the river from the east- 
 ern end of the lower, or iron bridge, to Hennepin 
 Island, and thence to the \\'estern end of the 
 suspension bridge, the entire length of which, 
 inchiding that part of the track laid on Henne- 
 pin Island, will be nearly three-quarters of a 
 mile, or more than six times the length of the 
 suspension bridge. The building of this great 
 structure is with a view to a union depot, and as 
 affording railroad access to the new Pillsbury 
 "A" mill, and other mills about to be built. 
 
 CHAPTEK LIX. 
 
 WKST SIDE — JOHN H. STEVENS— HON. ROBERT 
 SMITH— OTHER RESIDENT CLAIMANTS— EARLY 
 EVENTS. 
 
 It is unnecessary to recapitulate the facts in 
 regard to the military reservation embraced in 
 the county history, and the history of Fort Snell- 
 ing, in preceding chapters. We refer the reader 
 to these for information necessary to an under- 
 standing of the difficulties and trials experienced 
 by the early settlers of the west side. This in- 
 
 visible liarrier restrained all settlement within 
 the sacred territory until 1.S49. when Hon. Eobert 
 Smith, then a member of Congress from Illinois, 
 and -John H. Stevens, just returned from the 
 Mexican war, received permits from the govern- 
 ment to occupy one hundred and sixty acres each 
 of the reserve. Late in the fall i)f tliis year Mr. 
 Stevens commenced building his house, and the 
 following spring completed it and moved on his 
 land. We cannot forbe.n- introducing Mr. 
 Stevens at his first arrival in the^ state, for his 
 character appears at first sight. General R. W. 
 .Joluison describes his first meeting with the 
 hearty Colonel as follows: "At Fort Snelling, I 
 met for the first time Colonel John H. Stevens 
 between whom and myself an intimacy sprang 
 up, ripening into a friendship which will last as 
 long as life. The Fort Snelling post-office was 
 the principal office in the territory, and to all 
 intents and purposes Stevens was Postmaster 
 General of the North-western Territory. Stevens 
 came here to lend his energy towards building 
 up the state, and the part lie has performed has 
 been well done. An inventory of his baggage 
 and worldly goods when he arrived in Minnesota 
 may not prove uninteresting. Before leaving 
 Illinois, he had laid in the following bill of goods 
 which he purchased of B. II. Campbell, of Ga- 
 lena: one bbl. pork, $9.50; 200 lbs. ham, $8.00; 
 10 lbs. coffee, §1.00; 111), tea, $1.00; 14 lbs. 
 sugar, $1.00; J sack salt, .50; 1 lb. pepper, .30; 
 U lbs. tobacco, $1.67 ; 1 bbl whiskey, $6.84. 
 Think of that, will you, 38 gallons of whiskey at 
 18 cents per gallon! This bill is interesting on 
 several accounts. It shows how we had to de- 
 pend upon ourselves; the character of the meat 
 our 'Caesar' fed on; and the difference between 
 the prices of to-day and twenty years ago. The 
 amount of whiskey may seem large, but it must 
 be remembered that we had no communication 
 with the outside world from the close until the 
 opening of navigation. For the truth of history 
 it should be recorded that Stevens was a temperate 
 ma'H, wild never took a driidi even. He brought 
 the whiskey with him, to luive a remedy at hand 
 in case he was bitten by a snake, and to have it 
 in his power to extend the usual western hospi- 
 tality. Such was the character of our early 
 settlers."' 
 In a letter addressed to J. H. Stevens, dated
 
 372 
 
 HTSTOBT OF HENNJSPIN COUNTY. 
 
 STew York city, February 1st, 1881, Mr. Henry T. 
 AVelles says : " Hennepin county owes as mucli 
 to you, if not more, than to any otlier man. You 
 were the comer-stone on -which Mr. Steele's for- 
 huie was built. You shaped the early beginning 
 of what is now iliiineapolis, and in any liistory 
 of the county you ought to have credit accord- 
 ingly." 
 
 Traits of unselfishness, which are somewhat 
 inconsistent with the acquisition of large wealth, 
 have characterized the Colonel throughout his life 
 at Minneapolis, and though he may not, in the 
 view of most, be looked upon as one favored of 
 fortune, still, what better fortune can a man have 
 than the blessings of liis grateful fiiends, in a 
 comfortable and happy homeV The perusal of 
 the records of the old settlers proves that in these 
 he is rich indeed. His house was the first built 
 on the west side, with the exception of the gov- 
 ernment house on the knoll, near the mill, buUt 
 in early times. His claim extended from the falls 
 bordering on the river to Bassetfs creek. The 
 Nicollet House now stands near the middle 
 of the old claim. Mr. Stevens crossed by 
 the ferry daily to his business at St. Anthony, 
 where he kept his store in connection with Frank- 
 lin Steele. 
 
 The means taken to obtain a foothold in the 
 reserve calls to mind the fable of the camel, that 
 begged leave of a tailor j ust to warm his nose at bis 
 open window, but when his modest request was 
 granted, pushed his demands until the tailor was 
 driven out and the camel left in undisputed pos- 
 session. 
 
 Hon. Robert Smith, of Alton, Illinois, while a 
 member of Congress, wrote, February 1.5th, 1849, 
 from the House of Kepresentatives, in Washing- 
 ton, to the Commissioner of Indian affau-s. ex- 
 pressmg a wish - To lease for five years the old 
 govemment house and grist and saw-mill on the 
 west side of the Mississippi Eiver, opposite the 
 Falls of .St. Anthony." In the letter he adds: •• I 
 shall move into the Territory of Minnesota after 
 the adjournment of Congress, and I wish to pro- 
 cure this house for my family to live m. and to 
 fix up the old grist-mill to grind corn and other 
 grain, there bemg no grist-mill now in that region 
 of country." The Secretai-y of War consented, 
 providing the commanding officer at Fort SneUing 
 approved. 
 
 Major Woods, in command, on April 12th wrote 
 that : •• With due respect to Mr. Smith, I doubt 
 much if his aim in wishing to settle there is not 
 in expectation that the reserve will be taken off." 
 Mr. Smith took possession of the old house and 
 mill in May, 1849, but did not reside there. Mr. 
 Smith was onh' allowed, with the house and mill, 
 sufficient gTound for a garden ; therefore, m Sep- 
 tember, he renewed the correspondence with the 
 Secretary of ^Var. •• I must have groiuid to raise 
 something to live upon. I cannot cross the river 
 and back, with my team, without paying one dol- 
 lar. Provisions are dear and scarce, while there 
 are tens or thousands of acres of excellent land, 
 mth no one within six or seven miles, on the same 
 side of the river, cultivating an acre. I cannot 
 but believe it will decidedly be for the interest of 
 the government to permit me to make a farm ad- 
 joining the mill." Mr. Smith had evidently stud- 
 ied the art of diplomacy thoroughly, and, in the 
 disinterested patriotism of the last paragraph, we 
 should see only a satire written at his own expense, 
 except that it is obscured by the very effrontery 
 that won his success. 
 
 In September. 1852, Mr. Smith asked the priv- 
 ilege of purchasing the buildings and in March, 
 1853, Captain X. J. T. Dana, (luartermaster at 
 Fort SneUing, WTote to theqiuirtennaster-general 
 at Washington: "I returned to tins post on the 
 twentieth instant, and on the next day visited 
 the old mill and l)uildings belonging to the (piar- 
 termaster's department and now in the possession 
 of Hon. Kobert Smith, and I submit the follow- 
 ing as my opinion of the value of the buildings 
 to the goverinnent at the time when ^Ir. Smith 
 received them : The old stone grist-mill, the 
 building somewhat dilapidated, the water-\\ heel 
 worn out entirely, but the other machinery, in- 
 cluding two mill-stones, good, was worth S400. 
 The old frame of a Sciw-miU, greatly decayed, to- 
 gether with the mill irons on it and extra posts, 
 mostly worn out. SIOO. The one-story frame 
 building, much decayed, S200. Fences and 
 races, much decayed, ?50." The permit which 
 he received from the Secretary of War allowed 
 him to make a claim where the old government 
 mill stood, which is the present site of Sidle, 
 Fletcher & Holmes' flourmg mill, with the pur- 
 pose of operating it for the government. This 
 plan he carried out, employing Reuben Bean as
 
 LOCATION OF CLAIMS. 
 
 373 
 
 miller. Mr. Smith never lived here, nor did he 
 at any time occnpy his claim in person, but di- 
 vided it with R. P. Russell, George E. Hny and 
 others, in consideration of their agreement to 
 make improvements on the propertv. Mr. Smith 
 remained in Illinois, and at the time of his death 
 vs^as still member of congress from Alton district. 
 
 Though the early settlers on the west side were 
 subjected to many hardships, these were of a kind 
 peculiar to their location on the reserve and very 
 different from the usual experiences of frontier 
 life. Many had been living at St. Anthony, and 
 the removal of their worldly effects to the oppo- 
 site side of the river was not a very laborious 
 task, besides the river alone separated them from 
 a base of supplies. Those who were new comei^s 
 and had not lived at St. Anthony could there find 
 temporary shelter and comfort until their modest 
 cabins were in readiness. Xo land entries could 
 .be made, but the following persons staked out 
 their claims in about the order mentioned, except- 
 ing those who made no attempt to secure land, 
 entering other business: Calvin A. Tuttle, J. P. 
 Miller, Dr. II. Fletcher, John Jackins, Wan'en 
 Bristol, Allen Harmon, Dr. A. E. Ames, Edward 
 Murphy, Charles Hoag, Joel B. Bassett, Colonel 
 E. Case, Waterman Stinson, Edwin Pledderly, C. 
 W. Christmas, Judge Isaac Atwater, Simon Ste- 
 vens and Hem-y Chambers. Calvin A. Tuttle, 
 who came over next after Mr. Stevens, was em- 
 ployed by Mr. Smith as miller in place of Mr. 
 Bean, and remained in charge of the mill for 
 several years. While still in charge in 1853, lie 
 became interested with Simon Stevens and others 
 in the construction of a mill at Minnetonka. He 
 now resides at Two Rivers, Mon-ison county, in 
 this state. 
 
 J. P. Miller, the next to move to the west side, 
 made a claim where Judge Atw'ater now lives, on 
 the south-west quarter of section 25. His claim 
 is now known as Atwater's addition to jNIinneap- 
 olis. He built there the second house, and re- 
 mained till 1853, when he moved to Minnetonka, 
 where he still lives, an honored and respected citi- 
 zen. Mr. Miller w as a native of Pennsylvania, 
 lived several years in Bucyrus, Ohio, and a short 
 time in Rockford, Illinois, arriving at St. An- 
 thony in 1849. 
 
 Dr. Hezekiah Fletcher located his claim ou the 
 south-east quarter of section 27, and built the 
 
 third house, which was a small shanty. He never 
 entered the practice of his profession, but gave 
 himself up to speculations, in which he was very 
 successful. He soon sold his claim to John L. 
 Tenney. He represented the county in the 
 territorial legislature, and was appointed regis- 
 ter of the land oiflce in 1863. He is now in busi- 
 ness in Springfield, Misssouri. 
 
 John Jackins, the fourth resident claimant, lo- 
 cated back of, and adjoining, Mr. Stevens, and 
 built a house which is still standing on Sixth 
 street below Third Avenue south, though it has 
 been removed from its original site. He lived on 
 his claim several years, and laid it out in lots as 
 Jackins' addition to Minneapolis, but subse- 
 quently removed and now lives at Stillwater. 
 
 Warren Bristol came fifth, and located his claim 
 on section 27, just west of, and adjoinmg the 
 claim of Dr. Fletcher. He built a shanty, lived 
 in it about two years, and then exchanged his 
 claim for lots in St. Paul, where he entered the 
 practice of law. While in Minneapolis he held 
 the office of county attorney, and was the first 
 attorney for Hennepin county. He moved from 
 St. Paul to Red Wing, and represented Goodhue 
 coimty in the senate and house of representa- 
 tives. He is now judge of the supreme court of 
 the territory of New Mexico. 
 
 Allen Harmon, the next, located the sixth claim 
 on the north-west quarter of section 27, where he 
 still lives. He farmed his claim for a few years, 
 and afterward laid out a portion in town lots, call- 
 ed Harmon's addition to Minneapolis. Later he 
 platted other portions, imtil now it is nearly all 
 laid out in town lo . 
 
 Dr. A. E. Ames, the seventh resident claimant, 
 located his claim October 14, 1851, on section 26, 
 and built a shanty, Ijut remained in St. Anthony 
 during the winter. In the spring of 1852 he 
 moved over with his family, and W'as the lirst 
 practicing physician in Minneapolis. It will des- 
 ignate the claim more intelligibly to add that the 
 court-house is situated on the orlgmal claim. 
 He became prominent in his profession as well as 
 in public life. He was a Vermonter by birth, 
 but studied medicine in Chicago. He first located 
 in Illinois, where he held the office of assistant 
 secretary of state for fouryeius, and was a mem- 
 ber of the state senate and house of represent- 
 atives. After his removal to Minneapolis he rep-
 
 374 
 
 IITSTOBT OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 resented Hennepin comity in the territorial leg- 
 islature one term, and subsequently was a mem- 
 ber of the state constitutional convention. He 
 died in Sei)tember. 1874. His son. Ezra B. Ames, 
 lives in the house of liis father, corner of Fifth 
 Street and Eighth Avenue south, ha\-ing removed 
 it from the original site, comer of Fifth street 
 and Xinth Avenue south. 
 
 Edward Murphy made the eighth claim, ad- 
 joining and below J. P. Miller, near the river and 
 near the residence of Judge Atwater. He moved 
 on his claim in the spring of 1852, occupjing it 
 imtil his death, lie platted his claim, and it be- 
 came ilurphy"s adtlition to ilinneapolis. Mr. 
 Murphy was a native of New Jersey, but was a 
 resident of Illinois before coming to iliimesota. 
 
 The ninth to arrive was Charles Hoag. in Jmie, 
 18.52, from Philadelphia, where he had been a 
 teacher in the public schools of that city. He lo- 
 cated his claim next west of Jackins. It ex- 
 tended nearly to Bassetfs creek. He lived on 
 his claim a few years and laid it out in blocks 
 and lots, caUed Hoag's addition to Minneapolis. 
 He contributed much to the growth of the city, 
 but was amplx' remunerated by the advance in 
 property. To him is due the name Minneapolis, 
 which has incorrectly been ascribed to Mr. 
 George D. Bowman, editor of the St. Anthony 
 Express, in consequence of the prominent position 
 he took with liis paper among its advocates. Mr. 
 Hoag, after losing his wealth through the fail- 
 ure of othere, moved on a farm in Kichfield, 
 where he now resides. 
 
 Next, and tenth, came J. B. Bassett in the 
 spring of 1852. and located his claim along the 
 river north of the creek that beai-s his name. 
 The stream was named by Miss Mary A. Scho- 
 fleld, at that time a teacher in the settlement, 
 now ilrs. Prof. Kissell, a resident of Chicago. 
 After working his claim as a farm for a few 
 vears, Mr. Bassett imbibed the enthusiasm of 
 the Uttle town and laid out his land in lots in con- 
 nection with others, and it came in under the name 
 of Case, Bassett and Moore's addition to ilinne- 
 apoUs. He built his first house on a knoll at the 
 mouth of the creek, Iwt now lives in a fine resi- 
 dence 643, North Fourth sU-eet, which is also on 
 the original claim, ilr. Bassett was the first 
 Judge of Probate of the county, a representative 
 to the tenitorial legislature, and m 1868, Indian 
 
 agent to the Chippewas, He was a native of 
 New Hampshire, and came in 1851 to Miimesota. 
 
 Eleventh, Colonel Emanuel Case located on the 
 river above Judge Bassett. The claim was con- 
 tested with Peter Poncin, who moved on the 
 land during the winter of 1852, and was living 
 there at the time Colonel Case made his claim. 
 Colonel Case defeated him, however, and estab- 
 lished the claim. This was the southern-most 
 land along the river belonging to the Indian res- 
 ervation. He cultivated his claim a few years 
 and laid it out in lots m company with Bassett 
 and Moore, but continued to reside on it until 
 his death about ten years ago. Colonel Case 
 was a native of New York, and in the spring of 
 1851 came to Minnesota. 
 
 Waterman Stinson made the twelfth claim, on 
 the north side of Bassetfs creek, second above 
 Bassetfs, leaving one claim between them not 
 yet taken. His claim soon proved like others 
 too valualjle for farming puiiioses: he. therefore 
 platted it and became a wealthy man by sales 
 of his lots. This formed Stinson's addition to 
 Minneapolis. He lived on his claim mitil his 
 death. 
 
 Next, and thirteenth, was the claim of Edwin 
 Hedderly in company with Rev. Alfred C. God- 
 frey, a resident of !Maine. They made claims on 
 the river above Miller. Mr. Hedderly "s claim ad- 
 joined that of Mr. Miller, and Rev. Mr. Godfrey's 
 came next. The latter soon sold his and 
 returned East, and is now pastor of a church in 
 Massachusetts. Mr. Hedderly lived on his claim 
 until the fall of 1880, when his death occurred. 
 
 Charles ^X. Christmas was the fifteenth, and 
 made his claim about a mile north, just out.side 
 the reservation, where he buUt a temporary shel- 
 ter, and subsequently, a fine residence. 'Mr. 
 Cluistmas arrived m St. Anthony Jidy 3d, 1850, 
 and made his claim the following year, lie was 
 employed as sur\-eyor in both St. Anthony and 
 Mimieapolis. and was twice elected coimty sur- 
 veyor. In 1852 he moved on his claim and sub- 
 sequently platted it. He was appointed register of 
 land oflice for Sauk Rapids, but owing to the faO- 
 ure to elect the AVhig candidate. Gen. Scott, to the 
 presidency, he held tlie office only six months and 
 received §500, a half-year's salary, though he 
 never went to Sauk Rapids to take possession of 
 the office, nor performed any of the duties of reg-
 
 SUBVETS— FIRST MARRIAGE. 
 
 37& 
 
 ister, excepting the very important one of drawing 
 his salary. He came from Wooster, Wayne county, 
 Ohio, bringing a wife and nine children, attracted 
 by a letter printed in a leading newspaper, written 
 by Hon. J. W. North, in which the territory was 
 described in very attractive terms. H^ states 
 that the appearance of the country fully satisfied 
 his anticipations and its subsequent growth has 
 not exceeded his predictions. Mr. Christmas, 
 after platting his claim, took Isaac Lewis and J. 
 C. Reno as partners for the purpose of adding 
 improvements, and the lots were divided among 
 the partners. By some means Mr. Christmas 
 came out the loser, and, thougli a respected citi- 
 zen in advanced age, he has failed to secure for 
 his old age the fat income now enjoyed by some 
 of his contemporaries. 
 
 Judge Isaac ^Vtwater made a claim next but, 
 as he stated before the old settlers; he sold it for 
 ten dollars and never got his pay. 
 
 Henry Chambers opened a store and Simon 
 Stevens was interested in lumber mills, neither 
 of them making any claim. 
 
 Joshua Draper made a claim where Mr. D. Mor- 
 rison now resides, the north-east quarter of sec- 
 tion 31, included, it is said in the city in 1867, in 
 order to permit Mr. Morrison, at that time re- 
 siding there, to become a candidate for the 
 oflHce of Mayor. Mr. Draper jmnped the 
 claim of Captain Arthur H. Mills, of the 
 United States Army. At the time he made the 
 claim, he was clerk for J. G. Lennon in St. 
 Anthony. A compromise was effected between 
 Draper and Captain Mills, by which eacli took 
 half of the original claim. Mr. Draper was a 
 native of Oneida county, New York, and in 1851, 
 arrived at St. Anthony. He was advanced in 
 age at the time of his arrival, and brought a 
 large family with him. His death occurred sev- 
 eral years ago at the residence of his daughter, 
 Mrs. Gordon, at Sauk Centre. 
 
 Mr. Christmas, with AVilliam Sloan for assist- 
 ant, surveyed the greater part of Minneapolis, for 
 Mr. Steele and Mr. Stevens. His survey ex- 
 tended from Helen street, the boundary line be- 
 tween the original claims of Hon. Robert Smith 
 and Colonel Stevens, to Bassett creek. Governor 
 Marshall had previously surveyed up to Helen 
 street, now Third Avenue south. He also sur- 
 veyed down to Murphy's claim. Before the 
 
 government survey was made, Mr. Murphy 
 wished to ascertain where the town line would 
 run in order to avoid mistakes in locating and di- 
 viding lands, and for this purpose employed Mr. 
 Christmas. This required nice calculation, but 
 conjecturing how the government surveyors would 
 proceed, he ran out the line, starting from the 
 east side, and carrying it across the river, struck 
 the same jioint on Lake Calhoun, which the gov- 
 ernment surveyors made two or three years after, 
 when they ran the Ime with more delicate in- 
 struments than the simple chain and compass 
 used by the first surveyors. It should be men- 
 tioned here that the southern boinidary of the 
 township was subsequently changed by act of 
 legislature and corresponding changes made 
 in the boundaries of Brooklyn, Crystal Lake and 
 Richfield ; reference to the history of those town- 
 ships and the township of Minneapolis, will ex- 
 plain those changes. In making the city surveys, 
 Mr. Christmas states that he followed the in- 
 structions of Col. Stevens in giving liberal meas- 
 m-ement, and made an allowance of one and four 
 one hundreds feet on each block,and fiu'ther, as the 
 streets and avenues do not cross at right angles, 
 he ran the lines to secure as wide streets as pos- 
 sible. In the brick block of Dunham and John- 
 son, on Hennepin Avenue, the history of the sur- 
 vey was placed in a space between the layers of 
 brick with the expectation that at some future 
 time, in the growth of the city, it might be dis- 
 covered and he an interesting relic of the past. 
 
 The first marriage was that of Captain John 
 Tapper and Miss Matilda Stinson, in August, 
 1853, ceremony performed by Rev. Mr. Rowell. 
 September 4th, of the same year the second took 
 place, that of Andrew J. Foster and Mrs. M. E. 
 Averill, ceremony performed by Edwin Hedder- 
 ly, first justice. 
 
 Among the early settlers was Anson Northrup, 
 who has been already mentioned as the builder of 
 the St. Charles Hotel in St. Anthony, a man full 
 of enterprise. Mr. Xorthrup made a claim, Feb- 
 ruary, 1851, where the Chicago, Milwaukee and 
 St. Paul freight and passenger depots and yards 
 are now located. Part of the ground was marshy, 
 and between the marshy portions was a strip of 
 ground which, in 1853, Mr. Northrup had broken, 
 Mr. Charles Ciilpatrick, now living near the 
 Layman Cemetery, doing the work. The amount
 
 o7b 
 
 HISTOBT OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 broken was estimated at three acres, and on this, 
 wliich was platted by Mr. Xortlirnp. was erected 
 previously the firet building in wliieli a public 
 school was taught, commencing December 3d, 
 18o2, by Miss Mary E. Miller. 
 
 The first building used as a hotel was located 
 near where the present shops of O. A. Pray and 
 Company are situated. It was small, but many 
 were thankful for its meager accoumiodation. In 
 ISoT. James Young, now proprietor of Young's 
 Hotel at Delano, opened a fli-st-elass restaurant 
 on Washington Avenue, opposite the present site 
 of the First Xational hotel. Mr. Young, among 
 the early settlers here, was engaged as sur^•eyor, 
 and was employed as chief engineer for Smith I 
 and Carleton. He was proprietor of the old ilin- 
 nesota house, after selling his restaurant at the 
 close of a year's business. At the time of the 
 surveys mentioned there was a small pond near 
 the present post-office block, and lots in that 
 ^icinity found few purchasers at S20 each. Mr. 
 Young refused lots at that price in payment for 
 his services as surveyor. 
 
 CHAPTER LX. 
 
 TYRANNICAL PROCEEDINGS — NAMES — AFFAIRS 
 IN 18o4-0—srRVEYS— -MILLS AND OTHER BUS- 
 INESS—TOWN GOVERNMENT— CHARTER RE- 
 
 • PEALED. 
 
 It would be tedious if not impracticable to 
 carry the eniuneration of settlere farther. Set- 
 tlers came in rapidly to take lots and erect houses. 
 Many of those whom we have enumerated came 
 without permits from the secretarj of war and 
 in the face of the prohibition of the officers at the 
 Fort, who earned out their instructions m a 
 tyrannical mamier, pulUng down the houses of 
 some and holding out a sly hand open to briberj- 
 to otliers, offering not to molest those claimants 
 who promised to give half their clauns at the tune 
 of entry for unmolested possession. Twice were 
 the shanties of the poor squattei-s torn down, and 
 many retired in disgust from the unequal contest, 
 
 while the majority rebuilt and patiently waited, 
 untU at last tliey wrought victory from continual 
 defeat. 
 
 Before the name Minneapolis was decided on. 
 other names were proposed. During one sea.son 
 it was^tyled All Samts, perhaps because St. Paul 
 and St. Anthony had gro^\Ti so weU under sainted 
 names, it was supiwsed that under the patronage 
 of all saints it must ecUpse its rivals. The name 
 LoweU was mooted, as it was thought possil)le 
 the future city might rival that great manufac- 
 turuig center in MassacFlusetts. Another name 
 Albion was offered, for no other reason that we 
 can see but its euphonious chai-acter. The word 
 Albion means white, and is sometimes applied to 
 England on account of her chalk> cliffs. The 
 name Minneapolis is compoimded of the Sioux 
 word, "Minne." meaning water, and the Greek 
 •'Polls," a city, which blends easilx and, though 
 contrarj' to the usual rule in forming compounds, 
 it is a much more agreeable name than though 
 both had been taken from the Greek, in wliich 
 case the name would have been, perhaps, Hudor- 
 apolis. 
 
 In the spring of 1854, Minneapolis contained 
 only twelve houses, and these were scattered at 
 long intervals apart, as if their purpose was that 
 of farms ; moreover, their architecture was some- 
 what xmiform, and, though picturesque, could 
 hardly be called elegant, for at this time it was 
 quite imcertain what action the government would 
 take in reference to the resenation. In a chap- 
 ter of the county history will be found an account 
 of the measures taken to secure the claims by the 
 settlers. In the spring of 18.5o. all apprehension 
 was removed by the favorable decision of Con- 
 gi-ess. and in April the claimants were able to 
 prove up and obtain undisputed title. Previously 
 the settlers had been subjected to trouble and ex- 
 pense. Money had to be contributed to protect 
 their rights ; clubs and claim associations were 
 organized for the same purpose. These associa- 
 tions had committees before whom conflicting 
 claimants presented their causes for arbitration, 
 and from their decision there was no appeal, for 
 the very weakness of the settlers led them to in- 
 stitute strong measures, and where an\ sliowed 
 signs of making trouble, it is said a rope attached 
 to the limb of a tree was shown the mischief- 
 maker. The result was submission to the rules
 
 BUILDING HOUSES— MILLS. 
 
 377 
 
 of the association. To claim-jumpers no quarter 
 was given. 
 
 To lion. Heiuy M. Rice, delegate to congress 
 from the territory, and to citizens who went to 
 Wasliington to aid in the matter, was due the 
 passage of the bill which secured the rights of 
 pre-emption to tlie settlers. After all was settled 
 and claimants had secured their homes, prosjierity 
 began. Claims changed hands, and new men 
 came in, bringing money. This was the time to 
 judge of the character of men. All were pros- 
 perous, and many a poor dog who had never had 
 money before, strutted about with liis coat pock- 
 ets full of gold, presenting a twenty-dollar piece 
 to pay for a cigar. Thus the fool and his money 
 soon parted, while wiser men used the prosperous 
 days to prepare for the hard times to follow. 
 Hard times came soon, finding few thoroughly 
 enough hedged to tide over. 
 
 The first survey was made by William R. 
 Marshall in 18.54, l)ut the tirst record of survey 
 was filed August 2d, l.s.5.5, Wilham R. Marshall, 
 surveyor, changed by Heman C. Smith. This 
 was on sections 25 and 26. Next, May 13th, 1856, 
 Atwater's addition was recorded. Next, June 
 19th, 1856, Mon-ison, Smith and Hancock's addi- 
 tion. These additions were surveyed by H. Clay- 
 ton Smith. Murphy's addition was sinveyed 
 July 7th, 1857, by Smith and Carleton. 
 
 In the fall of 18.55 more than one hundred 
 houses had been built, and to quote from the pa- 
 pers of the day, "Some would do credit, both in 
 structure and durability, to the city of New 
 York.'' The boom of progress was checked and 
 brought to a stand Ijy the financial crisis of 1857. 
 Fabulous rates of interest were paid by even the 
 best men, and disaster followed. The fortunes 
 which seemed already in tlie grasp of many, 
 treacherouslv slipped away and passed into the 
 hands of others, and in this way some of the 
 first claimants, who were entitled to, and were 
 worthy of, the highest rewards came out poor. 
 It was long thought Ijy the leading citizens of St. 
 Anthony that their neighbor, Minneapolis, would 
 become only a valuable suburb of their city, as 
 the natural conformation of the land and the di- 
 vision of the river by islands favored the St. 
 Anthony side. At first all the business except 
 farming was on the east side, but October 8th, 
 1853, Mr. Chambers opened the "Pioneer Store" 
 
 in a building on Bridge Square belonging to Mr. 
 J. II. Stevens, and the following year several 
 more were built. 
 
 In 1854, the township of Minneapolis was sup- 
 posed to contain nearly one thousand inhabitants 
 and had one newspaper, the Northwestern Dem- 
 ocrat; one physician. Dr. A. E. Ames; two firms 
 of lawyers, Cornell and Hanson, and Atwater 
 and Jones; religious services were instituteji by 
 the Presliyterians, Baptists and Methodists. 
 
 During this year a land office was established 
 with M. L. Olds register, and R. P. Russell re- 
 ceiver. JSIessrs. Olds and Russell held their 
 offices until 1857, w'hen the land office was 
 removed to Forest City. At one time there was 
 a great rush of business at this office, and from 
 §50(1 to 820,000 was paid over in a single day. 
 It may be recorded here that at the time of the 
 Sioux outbreak in 1862, the land office was 
 again located at Minneapolis, with Dana E. King 
 register, and Mr. Jordan receiver. In 1863 Dr. 
 H. Fletcher, was appointed receiver, and in the 
 winter of 1864, B. F. Baker register. In 1866, 
 the office was again removed to Forest City. 
 
 In 1854, one saw mill, and the first in Minne- 
 apolis, aside from the old government mill, was 
 located just below the falls, with a capacity of 
 l,.500,0(io feet per annum, besides a large amount 
 of shingles. The mill was running under the 
 direction of C. King. A contract was entered 
 into in 1855, by Messrs. Bassett and Canney with 
 Messrs. Pomeroy and Bates mill Viuilders, for the 
 erection of a steam saw-mill at the mouth of 
 Bassett's creek, which empties into the Missis- 
 sippi about half a mile al)ove the suspension 
 Ijridge, beginning the following spring. This 
 mill was completed tlie following year, and its 
 capacity was estimated at from five to ten mil- 
 lion feet per annum. Another mill was erected 
 the following year, 1857, half a mile above the 
 last, by A. Wolcott & Co., with an estimated ca- 
 pacity of 30,000 feet per day. 
 
 The estimated capacity of all the mills at the 
 falls built and building in 1857, was from 60,000,- 
 000 to 75,000,000 feet per anniuu. Thus began 
 the great lumber business of Minneapolis. In 
 another part of this history we shall see to what 
 an extent it has since developed. In 1853, Thos. 
 Chambers's store on Bridge Square was tlie only 
 store in Minneapolis, and this was burned in
 
 378 
 
 HISTORY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 April of the following year, but was rebuilt on 
 •■Hennepin street." In 18.54 nine stores are re- 
 ported, Ciiambers", Messrs. I. I. Lewis & Co.'s, 
 \V. D. Babbitt's. Samuel Hidden "s, Jackins & 
 Wright's. Dr. II. Fletelier and James B. ilills". 
 Wan-en Sampson's, Tufts, Reynolds & Wliite- 
 raore's. Dane & Calif's, hardware. In ISoo, this 
 number had increased to seventeen, seven gen- 
 eral^one dry goods and clothing, one fancy and 
 staple dry goods, one clothing, two hardware, 
 two drug, one book and two jeweby and watch 
 stores. Besides these were painters, carriage 
 and sleigh makers, blacksmiths, boot and shoe 
 makers, gunsmitb, tailor, bakery and harness 
 maker. We lind three land agents, one news- 
 paper, one hotel, two livery stables, two brick 
 yards, one saw-mill. Four ehiu-cbes bad been 
 organized. First Presbyterian. Baptist, Free Bap- 
 tist and Methodist Episcopal. Two of these had 
 houses of worehip, Presl)yterian and Free Bap- 
 tist. Societies were represented by the Free- 
 masons and Odd Fellows, and schools by a Cen- 
 tral University and one district school. 
 
 Following the year ISoo, and the reduction of 
 the reservation, whicb enabled settlers to obtain 
 perfect titles to their lands, tlie growth of the 
 west side was as remarkable as that of the east. 
 In 1857, the population was estimated at two 
 tho\isand. an increase in the village of eighteen 
 hundred in t\\o years. The coin-t-liouse was then 
 building; the United States Land Ottice was located 
 here ; a twelve thousand dollar school-house was 
 in procress of erection; the Presbyterian, Free 
 Will Baptist and Episcojwl societies had church 
 eiUtices. ilany elegant private residences were 
 also to be seen on both the east and west sides, 
 and both cities wei-e enjoying great prosperity. 
 A board of trade had been organized, composed 
 of the leading business men of both cities, and 
 the union of St. Anthony and jNIinneaiiolis was 
 already looked forward to as a probai.le and desi- 
 rable event. 
 
 In Minneapolis at this time were forty-two 
 business places, a number of real-estate dealere, 
 several hotels and boarding houses, one printing 
 oflBee, three surveyors, four physicians and ten 
 lawyers, a furniture factory opened in 1854, 
 by B. E. Messer, Francis Sampson and Major 
 Craft, to which was added the manufacture of 
 wagons, sleighs, etc. 
 
 In 1858 Minneapolis, in accordance with an act 
 of legislature approved ilarcli 1st. 1856. organ- 
 ized a town government witli a coimcil. Hon. II. 
 T. Welles was elected president. 
 
 The l)Oundariesof the town of Minneapolis, as 
 described in the act of incorporation, were: lie- 
 guining at a point on the Mississippi Kiver where 
 the line between sections 10 and 15 intersects the 
 river, thence west on said line between sections 
 10 and 15 to the north-west corner of section 
 15. thence south on section line to the south-west 
 corner of section 27. thence east on the south line 
 of sections 27, 26 and 25 to the ^Mississippi Kiver, 
 tlience up said river to the place .of beginning. 
 
 The flret session of the coimcil was held Jidy 
 20th, 1858. Mr. Welles presiding. Councillors 
 elected in the several wards were: Isaac I. Lewis, 
 first ward; Charles Hoag. second ward; William 
 Garland, third ward; Edwm Iledderly. fourth 
 ward; Mr. Todd, clerk, (i. Ilemy Hamilton aft- 
 envard became clerk and Mr. Morrison l)ecame 
 councillor in place of Mr. Lewis. 
 
 In 1859 a new coimcil was elected. Cyrus 
 Breeaer, President; Councillors, J. O. Weld, R. 
 H. Petti t N. S Walker and H. E. Maim; Mr. 
 Hamilton. Clerk to November 2Sth. when, in 
 consecjuence of his resignation. O. L. Savory was 
 elected. This board continued until ISBl . wlien 
 a new board was elected. 
 
 At the session of the legislature of 1862 the 
 charter of incorporation was repealed in compli- 
 ance with the demand of the citizens, who found 
 the expense of the experiment too great for them 
 to bear, ^nd ilinneajiolis was placed back under 
 the to\\'nship organization. 
 
 In 1864, the legislature passed an act giving 
 town lioards new powers. Under this act S. II. 
 Mattison, Judge E. B. Ames and Miles Hills 
 composed the board, with Thomas W. Hale, 
 Clerk. Colonel C. Aldrich, George A. Brackett 
 and O. M. Laraway followed, succeeded by Judge 
 E. S. Jones, J. M. Eustis and U. P. Russell. 
 
 In February. 1867, the City of Minneapolis was 
 mcorporated by act of legislature. 
 
 Minneapohs and St. Anthony were imited bj' 
 an act of legislature, approved Febuary 28th, 
 1872, and on the 9th of April, the union was 
 completed by the organization of the new city" 
 council. For some time after the consolidation 
 of the two cities, harmony did not exist m the
 
 TEMPERANCE AGITATION. 
 
 379 
 
 council. Many of the citizens of St. Antliony re- 
 gretted tlie change wliicli gave their city a new 
 name and destroyed its individuahty. Each di- 
 vision assumed its f)\vn linancial management so 
 far as pertained to contracts existing previous to 
 consolidation, and each maintained its own schools, 
 levying, collecting and dislinrsing its school funds 
 as before. 
 
 Two or three years before the iniion, an un- 
 successful attempt was made to olitain a vote to 
 purchase xs icollet Island for a i)ark, and grounds 
 for the public buildings of the county. It has 
 since been a matter of general regret to the citi- 
 zens of ^linneapolis, that this project, which 
 would have added so much to the attraction of 
 the citv, was not successfullv carried out. 
 
 CHAPTER LXI. 
 
 POLITICAL HISTORY OF ST. ANTHONY — FIRST 
 COUNCIL— TEMPERANCE MEETING — SALARIES 
 — LIST OF OFFICERS — CONSOLIDATION. 
 
 On the 13th day of .Vpril, 18o.5, the first coun- 
 cil of the city of St. Anthony was convened with 
 the following officers present: II. T. Welles, 
 Mayor; Orth, Spencer. Stanchfield, Lippincott, 
 Dorr and Cummhigs, Aldermen. Edward L. 
 Hall was chosen clerk pro tem. and the official 
 oath was administered to the Mayor and Alder- 
 men. St. Anthony was thus enrolled among the 
 cities of the West. W. F. Brawley was elected 
 city clerk for the term of one year, after which 
 the Aldermen drew by lot for the one and two 
 year terms with the following result. First ward, 
 Benjamin N. Spencer, one year, John Orth, two 
 years. Second ward, Daniel Stanchfield, one 
 year, Edwin Lippincott, two years. Third ward, 
 Caleb D. Dorr, one year, Robert W. Cummings, 
 two years. The usual committees were then ap- 
 pointed by the Ma\or. and the first session of 
 the council of St. Anthony closed. At the next 
 session, April 14th, the followuig day, the comi- 
 cil proceeded to elect the following officers: Ira 
 Kiugsley, Treasurer; S. W. Farnham, Assessor; 
 
 Benjamin Brown, Marshal; E. L. Hall, Citj- At- 
 torney; E. B. Nash, Collector of taxes; Isaac 
 Gilpatrick, Supervisor of streets. Mr. Farnham 
 declined the office of assessor, and May 7th, Mr. 
 Brott was elected in his stead. At a subsequent 
 meeting April 23d, C. B. Chapman was elected 
 City- Surveyor, and at a meeting still later, Lard- 
 ner Bostwick was elected City Justice. Alder- 
 man Cummings was authorized to lease a room 
 for the use of the council. 
 
 Proposals for printing were received fiom C. 
 G. Ames of the St. Anthony Express, and G. D. 
 Bowman of the Northwestern Democrat. In 
 consequence of a tie vote on the proposals, the 
 Mayor gave the casting vote in favor of the Dem- 
 ocrat, which paper by this means obtained the 
 city printing. The first petition brought before 
 the city council was from G. E. II. Day and 
 others for the suppression of the sale of intoxi- 
 cating liquors on the Sabbath, and was referred 
 to Aldermen Stanchfield and Cummings, com- 
 mittee on licenses. On their recommendation a 
 meeting of citizens was called at the school-house 
 in the third ward, April 19th, in order to 
 give the friends of temperance a. fair hearing 
 upon the subject of the petition. At this gather- 
 ing a petition was presented by Mrs. King, 
 signed by a large number of ladies, praying the 
 council to proliibit the sale of intoxicating liquors 
 within the city limits. The meeting was ad- 
 dressed by Messrs. Nourse, North, and Rev. Mr. 
 Creighton, and considerable feeling was mani- 
 fested. The petition was referred to the commit- 
 tee on licenses. The result of the agitation was an 
 ordinance fixing licenses at fifty dollars per year, 
 no license to l)e issued for a period less than one 
 year, attaching moderate penalties to the selling 
 of licjuors without license. Gambling was for- 
 bidden, drunkenness and fighting prohibited, and 
 dealers strictly forl)idden keeping their saloons 
 open on the Sabbath, or later than ten o'clock in 
 the evening during the week. Ortlinances for 
 the government of the city were adopted April 
 23d. Salaries were fixed for Mayor, $200 per 
 year; Aldermen, SlOO ; Marshal, $300; City At- 
 torney. $2.50; Clerk, S32o, and three per cent, on 
 all taxes collected, as eom])ensation for services 
 ! of collector. The bonds required were, of 
 j Treasurer, $5,000 ; ^Vssessor, $.500 ; Collector, 
 i $5,000; Supervisor of Streets, $500; Clerk, $500;
 
 380 
 
 HISTORY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 Cit)' Attorney. SoOO ; Surveyor. S300; Mai-sbal, 
 $5,000. 
 
 A watch-house Wfis authorized and built Sep- 
 tember 1st. wliere now is tlie fonier of Seventh 
 street and Central Avenue. About four years 
 since, the old watch-house was sold to private 
 individuals. Several changes took place in the 
 officers the first year. Ira Kingsley resigned and 
 was succeeded by Z. E. B. Nash; Isaac Gilpat- 
 rick resigned and was succeeded by W. H. To%\ti- 
 send; G. F. Brott in like manner was succeeded 
 by J. B. Gilbert; H. Hechtman was appointed 
 supervisor of streets in place of W. fl. Town- 
 send, who resigned, and Xovember 12th, Mr. 
 Hechtman was succeeded by J. M. Brewer. Oc- 
 tober 29th, Benjamin Brown tendered his res- 
 ignation as marshal and collector, and Novem- 
 ber 12th Setli Turner was appointed in his stead. 
 The offices of marshal and collector were so far 
 combined as to be vested in the same officer, 
 who received a stated salar>- as marshal and a 
 percentage as collector. 
 
 At the first regular meeting of the council fol- 
 lowing the election of April 7th. 1856, a resolu- 
 tion was offered and passed, dispensnig with sala- 
 ries of ilayor and Aldermen, and combining the 
 offices of Clerk and Comptroller and fixing the 
 salarj' at §225 per anmmi. At the same meeting 
 an effort was made to elect the several officers to 
 be chosen by the council, Vmt without success. 
 A struggle ensued and bitter feeling was engen- 
 dered. The meeting adjourned, but the wrath 
 was nm-sed and kept warm to break out in a new 
 war at the next meeting, April 19th, when it was 
 carried so far as to declare the :Mayor out of order 
 and elect one of the dissenting ^Vldermen chair- 
 man. Again they adjourned without acct)mplish- 
 ing any business, but at a meeting held JSIay oth. 
 oil was poured on the ti-oubled waters and the 
 election of otficere proceeded. It was also voted 
 to occupy the office of Lardner Bostivick as coun- 
 cil room. In August following, the ordinance, 
 comliming the offices of Marshal and Collector 
 was repealed. In March. 1857. the city was 
 divided into four wards. Following the election 
 of April, 1857. the offices of Assessor and Super- 
 visor of Streets were sep:irated. May 31st. 1858, 
 the first police force was organized, to consist of 
 the City Marshal and such policemen as may from 
 time to time be appointed by the Council. The 
 
 orduiance provided that the Mayor should be at 
 the head of the police department, and that the 
 Aldermen should co-operate with the Mayor in 
 enforcing the laws, and should have power to 
 make arrests either with or without process. 
 
 CITY OFFICERS OF ST. AXTHONY. 
 
 The fii'st Council organized April 13th. 1855 — 
 H. T. Welles, Mayor; Aldermen : first ward, 
 Benjamin N. Spencer, one year. John Orth. two 
 yeare; second ward. Daniel Stanchfield. one year. 
 Edward Lippincott. two yeare: third ward. Ca- 
 leb D. Dorr, one year, Eobert W. Cummings. two 
 years. Oflicers appomted by the Council were, 
 W. F. Brawle\ . City Clerk: Ira Kingsley. Treas- 
 xner: S. V,'. Farnham. Assessor; Benjamin Brown, 
 Marshal; E. L. Hall. City Attorney; Isaac Gil- 
 patrick. Supervisor of Streets: E. B. Nash, Col- 
 lector of Taxes; C. B. Chapman. City Suneyor: 
 L. Bostwiek, City Justice. Appointments, mostly 
 to fill vacancies, occun-ing durbig the year were. 
 G. F. lirott. Assessor; lienjamin Brown. Collect- 
 or: E. B. Nash, Weigh Master; Z. E. B. Nash , 
 Treasurer; W. H. Townsend, Supervisor of 
 Streets; J. B. Gilbert, Assessor; H. Hechtman, 
 Supervisor of Streets, soon succeeded by J. M. 
 Brewer; Seth Turner, Marshal and Collector. 
 
 First regular election April 7th, 1856, Alvaren 
 Allen, Mayor: Aldermen. William Fewer, fii-st 
 ward; A. D. Foster, second wiud; David A. Se- 
 combe, tliird ward. Appointed officers, W. F. 
 Brawley, Clerk and Comptroller: Richard Fewer, 
 Treasurer: Seth Turner, Assessor and Supervisor 
 of Streets; J. Chapman, Marshal and Collector; 
 J. S. Demmon. City Attorney: J. M. Brewer. Su- 
 penisor: Lardner Bostwiek. City Justice. Sub- 
 sequent appomtments — Seth Turner resigned, 
 succeeded by J. M. Brewer, and he by Henry 
 Whipple; Seth Turner, Marehal and Collector: D. 
 B. Dorman. Treasurer. August 12th the oriU- 
 nance combining the offices of ilarshal and Col- 
 lector was repealed, and L. W. Strattou was 
 appointed Collector. Mayor Allen resigned and 
 D. A. Secombe, ilayor prn tern., served out the 
 term. AVilliam Lochren, City Attorney, in place 
 of Demmon, resigned. 
 
 Second election, April 6th. 1857. Ke-division of 
 city in four wards. Wm. W. Wales, Mayor; Al- 
 dermen — Daniel Knoblauch, first ward; L. W. 
 Johnson, second; William McIIerron, third; John
 
 OFFICIAL EOSTER OF S2\ ANTHONY. 
 
 381 
 
 C. Johnson, fourth. Appointed officers — W. F. 
 Brawley, Clerk and Comptroller; N. Kellogg, 
 Assessor; L. AV. Stratton, Collector; J. M. Brewer, 
 Supervisor, soon succeeded by W. A. Rowell; G. 
 
 A. Nourse, Attorney; H. S. Temple, Marshal. 
 May 22d, 18.57, A. D. Foster, Alderman, re- 
 signed. March 22d, 1858, Moses Whittier ap 
 pointed Supervisor in place of Rowell resigned. 
 Special election April 2oth, 1857. William Du- 
 gas. Alderman, flrst ward. He resigned March 
 22d, 1858. 
 
 Third election, April 5th, 1858. Onin Curtis, 
 Mayor; Aldermen, Daniel Knoblauch, first ward; 
 James Crowe, second, for one year; George W. 
 Thurber, second, for two years; James McMullen, 
 tliird; R. W. Cimimings. fourth. Appointed offi- 
 cers — W. F. Brawley, Clerk: Moses AVhittier, Su- 
 pervisor; H. S. Temple, Marshal; L. W. Stratton, 
 Collecton O. Curtis, Treasurer; D. M. Dem- 
 mon. Attorney; C. H. Snow, Surveyor; E. W. 
 Cutler, Assessor; July 6th, John Armstrong, 
 Marshal. Fire Department— D. B. Dorman, 
 Chief Engineer; B. W. Cummings, First Assist- 
 ant; S. W. Farnham, Second Assistant. 
 
 Fourth election, April 16th, 1859. O. Curtis, 
 Mayor; Aldermen — Henry Hechtman, first ward; 
 William Lochren, second; John Pomero>-. third; 
 Benjamin Parker, fourth. Appointed officers — 
 W. W. Wales, Clerk; C. D. Dorr, Assessor; D. 
 
 B. Dorman, Assistant Assessor; Moses Whit- 
 tier, Supervisor of Streets; James White. Assist- 
 ant; Franklin Cook, Surveyor; 2^. H. Hemiup, 
 Attorney; John Armstrong, Marshal. June 29th, 
 John Orth, Alderman, first ward, in place of 
 Knoblauch, resigned. December 21st, Lardner 
 Bostwick, City Justice, resigned. 
 
 Fifth election, April 2d, 1860. R. B. Graves, 
 Mayor; Aldermen— E. W. Cutler, fhst ward, one 
 year; Henry Hechtman, two years; Richard Few- 
 er, second, one year; William Lochren, two years; 
 O. T. Leavitt. third, one year; Charles Crawford, 
 two years; J. S. Pillsbury, fourth, one year; J. 
 H. Murphy, two years. 
 
 Appointed officers— W. W. Wales, Clerk; John 
 Babcock, Treasurer; David Edwards, Assessor; 
 J. 11. Noble, Marshal; J. B. Gilfillan, Attorney; 
 W. A. Townsend, Supervisor; J. A. Armstrong, 
 Collector; Charles Henry and Solon Armstrong, 
 Justices of the Peace; D. Schofield and W. :Mo1- 
 itor. Constables; E. S. Brown, Chief of Fire De- 
 
 partment. December 8th, 1860, A. Rowell, Col- 
 lector, vice, J. A. Armstrong. 
 
 Sixth election, April .3d, 1861. O. C. Merri- 
 man. Mayor; Aldermen — Peter Weingart, first 
 ward; Richard Fewer, second ward: O. T. Swett, 
 third ward; J. S. Pillsbury, fourth ward. Ap- 
 pointed officers, W. W. Wales, Clerk; D. B. Dor- . 
 man. Treasurer, succeeded by John Babcock; 
 David Edwards, Assessor; J H. Noble, Marshal; 
 J. B. Gilfillan, Attorney; Charles T. Stinson, Su- 
 pervisor; William Lashells. Constable. 
 
 June 17tli, N. H. Hemiup, Collector, vice 
 Rowell, resigned; Dan M. Demmon, Alderman, 
 second ward, vice AV'illiam Lochren, resigned; 
 John Dunham, Chief of Fire Department; July 
 2nd, R. P. (iraves, Treasurer, vice Babcock re- 
 signed; September 16tli, W. H. Chamberlain, 
 Chief of Fire Department, vice Dunham; Decem- 
 ber 4th, 1861, David Edwards, Collector, vice 
 Hemiup resigned. 
 
 Seventh election April, 1862.- Records from 
 April 1865, to June, are missing, and it is 
 •probable there are omissions in consequence. 
 O. C. Merriman. Mayor; Aldermen, includ- 
 ing those liolding over, J. S. Pillsbury, Dan 
 M. Demmon, Richard Fewer, Peter Weingart, 
 Andrews, Blakeman, Beruhard. T. M. Bohan; 
 Charles F. Simms to fill vacancy. 
 
 Appointed officers, W. W. Wales, City Clerk; 
 D. Edwards. Assessor; William Lashells, Super- 
 visor; E. Lippincott, Marshal, vice Noble, re- 
 signed. 
 
 Eighth election April 7th, 1863. E. S. Brown, 
 Mayor; Aldermen, W. JI. Lasliells, first ward, 
 two years; J. L. Newman, second ward, two 
 years, Charles F. Simms, third ward, two years; 
 S. W. Farnham, fourth ward, two years. Ap- 
 pointed officers. W. W. ^Vales. City Clerk; E. 
 Ortman, Treasurer; D. Edwards, Assessor; N. U. 
 Miner, Attorney; William Fewer. City Justice, 
 vice Charles Henry; M. B. Rollins, Marshal; John 
 McxVuliff, Constable, vice D. Schofield; D. Ed- 
 wards, Supervisor. June 11th, E. Lippincott, 
 Chief engineer, vice W. H. Chamberlain, resign- 
 ed; May 6th, E. Lippincott, City ^larshal, vice 
 Rollins, not having qualified. August loth, Dan 
 2iL Demmon, City Clerk, vice AV. W. Wales, re- 
 signed; Baldwin Brow-n, Alderman, second ward, 
 vice Dan M. Demmon. resigned; October 8th, Jo- 
 seph Van Emau, Collector.
 
 382 
 
 HISTORY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 Ninth election April 5th. 1864. O. C. Merri- 
 man. Mayor: Aldermen, T. M. Bohau. first ward; 
 L. B. Schrum. sepoiul; T. J. Tuttle. third: W. F. 
 Cahill. fourth. Appointed officers. Dan M. Dem- 
 mon, Cit> Clerk; James A. Lovejo\ . Treasurer; 
 David Edwards, Assessor: Edw. Lippmcott, 
 Mai-shal: Dan M. Demnion and William Spooner. 
 Justices of the Peace; W. M. Lashells and Edw. 
 Lippuicott, Constables. May 14th. George Rich- 
 ards. Siiper\isor: June 7th. E. ^y. Cutler.F Alder- 
 man, tliiid ward, to lill vacancy; Jinie 14th. Isaac 
 Crovre, Alderman, third ward, viceL. B. Schrum, 
 resigned: November 19th. John il. Cushing. Su- 
 pervisor, vice Richards, deceased: January 6th. 
 1865, J. M. Sheplierd. previously appomted Mar- 
 shal, to fill vacancy, resigned. 
 
 Tenth election April. 1865. AVilliam \\'. A\"ales. 
 Mayor: Aldermen, Louis "V'orwerk. first ward: 
 John M. Cushing. second: Elijah Moulton. thml; 
 WilUam Gleason, fourth. Appointed officers, 
 Dan M. Demmon. City Clerk: James A. Lovejoy, 
 Treasurer: G. G. Loomis, Assessor; J. F. Butter- 
 field, Justice, to fill vacancy; M. AV. Getchell, 
 Marshal. May 16th. J. S. Lane. Chief Engineer 
 Fire Department: W. A. Rowel!, first assistant: 
 Peter Thielen. second: :May 19th, D. P. Spafford. 
 Supervisor, succeeded by L. D. AVhite; M. W. 
 Getchell, Assessor, ^•ice Loomis, deceased: Octo- 
 ber 7th. L. D. White. Super\-isor resigned, suc- 
 ceeded by David Van Deren. 
 
 Eleventh election, April 3d, 1866— O. C. Mem- 
 man. Mayor; Aldermen: Hubert Weber, first 
 ward; L. B. Schrum, second ward; Thomas J. 
 Tuttle, third ward; John A. Armstrong, fourth 
 ward. Appointed officei-s — Dan M. Demmon, 
 City Clerk: Samuel H. Chute. Treasurer: Da^id 
 Edwards, Assessor; Dan il. Demmon and Charles 
 Henry. Justices for two years: John iL Cushing 
 and William Spooner. Constables for two years; 
 May 22d. William Lochren. Citj- Attorney; JiUy 
 13th, M. W. Getchell, Marshal, holding over, re- 
 signed; Joseph Van Eman. Supervisor, resigned 
 July 19th. 
 
 Twelfth election, April 2d, 1867—0. C. Merri- 
 man. Mayor; Aldermen: T. M. Bohan, first 
 ward; Gilbert B. Dake, second ward: James S. 
 Lane, tliiid ward: George D. Perkins, fourth 
 ward. Appomted officers— Dan M. Demmon, 
 City Clerk; Edw. S. Brown, Treasurer; Peter 
 Thielen, Assessor; William Lochieu, Attorney; 
 
 Anson Xorthrup. Supervisor; Michael Hoy. Mar- 
 shal; Chaiies Lamby, City Justice for one year; 
 William M. Lashells and John Abel, Constables 
 for one year. 
 
 Thirteenth election, ApiH 7tb,186S— Wintlnop 
 Young, Mayor; Aldermen: Nicholas Riseh, first 
 ward: L. B. Scrum, second ward: J. B. Gilfillan. 
 thud ward, full term; D. M. Demmon, third 
 ward, to fill vacancy; James A. Lovejoy, fourth 
 ward. Appointed officers — WilUam Lochren. City 
 Clerk: E. S. Brown. Treasurer: Peter Thielen, 
 Assessor: Michael Hoy. Marshal; W. W. Wood- 
 bury and Charles Lamby. Justices; Hem\v Wei- 
 malt and John Abel. Constables; Jmie 2d, 
 ilichael Hoy. Supervisor; B. M. Van Alstine, 
 Chief Engineer File Department. James McMul- 
 len and BaklTvin Bro\sii, Assistants; March 16th, 
 Peter Thielen. City Clerk, vice William Lochren. 
 
 Fomteenth election, April 6th. ]869-"\V. W. :Mc- 
 Nair, Mayor; Aldermen: T. M. Bohan, first ward; 
 Patrick Kennedy, second ward: !M. W. Getchell, 
 third ward: J. M. Pomeroy. fourth ward. Ap- 
 pointed officers— Peter Thielen, Cit)' Clerk; E. S. 
 Bro\vn. Treasurer; C. F. Smith, Assessor; Will- 
 iam Lochren, Attorney; Michael Hoy, Marshal; 
 May 4th, D. M. Demmon. Chief Engmeer Fire 
 Department. Robert Hasty and Leonard C. Smith, 
 Assistants: ^lay 6th. Michael Hoy. Supervisor of 
 Stieets. with authority to appoint an assistant. 
 
 Fifteenth election, April oth, 1870- W. AV, Mc- 
 Nau-, Mayor; Aldermen: Phillip Pick, first ward; 
 G. B. Dake. second ward: S. H. Chute, third 
 ward: Thomas Moulton, fourth ward. Appouit- 
 ed officers— Peter Thielen, City Clerk; E. Ort- 
 man. Treasurer; L. C. Smith. Assistant Treas- 
 urer: J. B. Gilfillan, Attomev; Michael Hoy, 
 Marshal; AVilliam M. Lashells and P. J. Thielen, 
 Justices; John Merchant and Michael Ryan, Con- 
 stables: May 3d, F. H. Warueke. Supervisor. 
 
 Sixteenth and last election. April 7tli. 1871 — E. 
 S. Brown; Mayor, Aldermen: T. M. Bohau, first 
 ward; Patrick Kennedy, second ward; M, W. 
 Getchell. third ward: Charles F. Smith, fourth 
 ward. Appointed officers — Solon Armstrong, 
 City Clerk; Ernest Ortman, Treasurer; M. C. 
 White, Assessor; Matthias AVeir and Anton 
 Grethen, Constables; Theodore Hess, Supervisor, 
 First ward; Charles Mills, Supenisor. Second 
 ward; May 2d, Solon Armstrong. Justice, vice 
 Thielen. deceased; James S. Lane, Chief Engi- 
 neer File Depiutment.
 
 OFFICIAL BOSIEB OF MINNEAPOLIS. 
 
 383 
 
 OFFICIAL ROSTER OF THE CITY OF MINNEAP- 
 OLIS. 
 
 In 1867, the city of Minneapolis was organized. 
 The first officers were elected February 19th, 
 186", and took the official oath at the office of the 
 Town Clerk Feliruary 26th, following. The 
 elected officers who formed the first city council 
 were: I). Morrison, Mayor; Aldermen — William 
 H. Gaslin, Henry Oswald and F. L. Morse, first 
 ward; Hugh G. Harrison, S. II. Mattison andl^. 
 B. Hill, second ward; George A. Hrackett, R. 
 Price and O. B. King, third ward: Isaac Atwater, 
 F. K. E. Cornell and G. S<'heitlin, fourth ward. 
 F. R. E. Cornell was elected President and F. L. 
 Morse Vice-President. Upon drawing by lot for 
 the term of office as aldermen, the result was as 
 follows: for the one year term, Morse, Harrison, 
 Brackettand Atwater; two years term; Gaslin, 
 Mattison, Price and Cornell: three years term, 
 Oswald, Hill, King and Scheitlin. Appointed 
 officers — Thomas Hale Williams, City Clerk; I). 
 R. Barber, Assessor; ilarch 9th. H. H. Brackett, 
 Chief of Police; S. 11. King, City Surveyor; 
 Charles E. Flandrau, City Attorney: A. J. Mc- 
 Dougall, Street Commissioner, ilarch 16th, the 
 coinicil designated the boiuids constituting the 
 fire limits, fixed upon the amount of bond re- 
 quired of the several officers and awarded the city 
 printing to -T. S. King of the Atlas Printing 
 Company. At the same meeting it was decided 
 to employ four policemen at sixty dollars per 
 month. Several new offices were created during 
 the remainder of the year, and a number of or- 
 dinances added for the better government of the 
 city. A board of health was estal>lished, and 
 Dr. Lindley appointed health ofiicer. The 
 amount required in the City Treasurer's bond was 
 three hundred dollars. 
 
 First regular election, April Ttli, 18(is. II. G. 
 Harrison, Mayor; Aldermen — first ward, Frank 
 L. Morse; second, John H. Thompson; third, 
 George A. Brackett; fourth, Isaac Atwater. Ap- 
 pointed officers— Thomas Hale Williams, City 
 Clerk; O. M. Laraway, Treasurer; .lolin Vander 
 Horck, Comptroller; W. I). Webb, Attorney; S. 
 II. King, Street Commissioner; Daniel L. Day, 
 Chief of Police; D. R. Barber, Assessor, vice 
 King, resigned. 
 
 Second election, April 6th, 1869. D. Morrison, 
 Mayor; Aldermen— F. Beede, first ward; C. B. 
 
 Heffelfinger, second; G. M. Stickney, third; 
 Charles Clark, fourth. Appointed officers- 
 Thomas Hale Williams, City Clerk: O. M. Lara- 
 way, Treasurer; J. '\'ander Horck, Comptroller; 
 J. M. Shaw, Attorney: D. Morgan and II. A. 
 Partridge, City Justices; O. L. Dudley, Consta- 
 ble; J. B. Clough, Street Commissioner: H. H. 
 Brackett, Chief of Police. 
 
 Third election, April 5th. 1870. E. B. Ames, 
 Mayor; Aldermen— Henry Oswald, first ward; 
 S. II. Mattison. second; C. ^I. Loring, third; G. 
 
 E. Huy, fourtli. Appointed oflicers — Thomas 
 Hale Williams. Clerk; O. M. Liiraway, Treasurer: 
 J. Vander Horck, Comptroller; R. D. Rich, Con- 
 stable; J. M. Shaw, Attorney; J. B. Clough, 
 Smveyor and Street Commissioner, succeeded by 
 M. Van Duzee, May 6th. February 27th, 1871, 
 D. R. Barber was appointed Assessor to fill va- 
 cancy. 
 
 Fourth election, April 4tli. 1871. E. B. Ames, 
 Mayor; Aldermen. F. L. Jlorse, first ward; A. ]M. 
 Reid, second; O. A. Pray, third; F. R. E. Cornell, 
 foirrth. Appointed officers, Thomas Hale Wil- 
 liams, City Clerk ; Charles Harrow, Treasui'er ; 
 John Vander Horck, Comptroller; D. R. Barber, 
 Assessor ; J. M. Shaw, Attorney ; J. L. Himes 
 and II. G. Hicks, Justices: J. D. Rich, ('onstal)le: 
 Cortez L. Peck, Chief of Police. July otli, A. II. 
 Young, Attorney, vice Shaw resigned, William 
 
 F. Cahill Alderman first ward to fill \acancy ; 
 Septemlier 6th, O. M. Laraway. Treasurer, vice 
 Harrow. 
 
 Previous to the next annual election the cities 
 of ilinneapolis and St. Anthony were imited by 
 an act of the State Legislature approved Feb- 
 ruary 28th, 1872. April 9th, 1872, the new coun- 
 cil was organized. The officers present were 
 Aldermen Ricliard Fewer, il. W. Glenn, Bald- 
 win Brown, G. T. Townsend, T. J. Tuttle, John 
 Vander Horck, W. P. Ankeuy. Peter Rauen, A. 
 M. Reid, C. M. IIardenl)ergli. S. C. Gale. O. A. 
 Pray, Leonard Day, N. B. Hill, Edward Murphy, 
 Isaac Atwater, Joel B. Bassett and John Orth. 
 The oath of office was taken. Alderman Atwater 
 elected temporary chairman and the council pro- 
 ceeded to the permanent organization of the 
 city government of Miimeapolis. A. JSI. Reid 
 was chosen President, E. W. Cutler, Vice Presi- 
 dent and Thomas Hale Wdliams, Clerk. The 
 standing rules of the former city government.
 
 384 
 
 HISTOBY OF HENXEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 of Minneapolis were adopted, a few subordinate 
 officei-s were appointed and the tirst session of 
 the consolidated cit>- government closed. 
 
 Ajiril 12th the council convened for the tran- 
 saction of necessary business. The newly elected 
 Mayor, E. M. Wilson, delivered his inaugural 
 address, after which the usual counnittees were 
 appointed. H. H. Corson was appointed Chief 
 Engineer of the Fire Department, and D. R. 
 Barber, Assessor of the "West Division. April 
 17th, the police force was reorganized, with a 
 Chief, Captain, Sergeant and ten patrolmen. 
 May 8th, Dr. Charles Simpson was appointed 
 Health Officer: June 5th. A. ^l. Merrick, City 
 Attorney. 
 
 First election. April 1st. 1873. George A. 
 Brackett, Mayor; Aldermen, John Orth, tirst 
 ward: Charles Thielen, second; Solon Armstrong, 
 third; Simeon D. Rollins, fourth; Joel B. Bas- 
 sett, fifth; R. E. Grimshaw, sixth; C. M. Harden- 
 bergh, seventh; E. S. Jones, eighth; Leonard 
 Day, ninth: WilUam II. Johnson, tenth. Charles 
 W. Johnson, City Clerk; O. M. Laraway, Treas- 
 urer; Ernest Ortman, Comptroller; A. M. Mer- 
 rick, Attorney; H. H. Coreon, City Engineer; 
 Dr. Charles Simpson, Health Officer. 
 
 Second election April 7th. 1874. E. M. Wil- 
 son, Mayor; Aldermen. Gottfried Boehme, first 
 ward; G. B. Dake. second; O. C. Merriman. 
 third; G. M. Townsend. fourth: John Vauder 
 Horck, fifth; II. A. C. Thompson, sixth; A. M. 
 Reid. seventh: X. R. Thompson, eighth: Wm. E. 
 Jones, ninth; A. II. Edsteu, tenth: Frank J. 
 Meade, City Clerk; O. M. Laraway. Treasurer; 
 Ernest Ortman. Comptroller. ^\.. M. Merrick, 
 Attorney; Grove B. Cooley, Municipal Judge; 
 Ed. J. Davenport. Clerk Municipal Court; J. B. 
 Clongh. City Engineer; Dr. Cliarles Simpson, 
 Health Officer. 
 
 Third election April 5th, 1875. O. C. Merri- 
 man. Mayor; Aldermen, T. M. Bohan, tirst ward; 
 M. W. (ilenn, second; Solon Armsti'ong, thii-d, 
 resigned, succeeded by Baldwin Brown; T, F. 
 Anderson, fourth; F. L. Morse, fifth; O. J. Evans, 
 sixth; :M. L. Iliggins. seventh; C. L. Snyder, 
 eighth; A. A. Ames, ninth; W. H. Johnson, 
 tenth. Frank J. Meade, City Clerk; O. M. Lar- 
 away, Treasurer, Ernest Ortman, Comptroller; 
 Eugene M. Wilson, Attorney; J. B. Clough. En- 
 gineer; Dr. Qharles Simpson, Health Officer; 
 
 Grove B. Cooley. Municipal Judge: Ed. J. Dav- 
 enport, Clerk Municipal Court; John H. Noble, 
 Chief of Police; W. il. Brackett, Chief of Fire 
 Department, west division; ^I. B. Rollms, Chief 
 of Fire Department, east division; Sweet W. 
 Case, Assessor, west divison; C. F. Smith. As- 
 sessor, east division. 
 
 Fourth election. April 4th. 1876. A. A. Ames, 
 Mayor; Aldermen, Gottfried Boehme, first ward; 
 J*Iichael Lyon, second; Baldwin Brown, thu-d; 
 A. R. Camp, fourth; Daniel Waitt, fifth; Wil- 
 liam Duncan, fifth, to fill vacancy; H. A. C. 
 Thompson, sixth: N. F. Griswold, seventh; John 
 H. Stevens, eighth: J. H. Conkey, ninth; H. 
 Kruckelierg, tenth. April 10th, J. O. Pattee, 
 ninth, vice Ames, elected Mayor; E. S. Corser, 
 seventh, vice M. L. Higgins, resigned. Frank 
 J. Meade, City Clerk: O. U. Laraway. Treas- 
 urer; Ernest Ortman. Comptroller; Eugene ^l. 
 Wilson, Attorney; Thomas L. Rosser, Engi- 
 neer; Dr. G. F. Townsend. Health Officer; 
 Grove B. Cooley. ^Municipal Judge; Ed. J. Dav- 
 enport, Clerk Municipal Coiut: Albert S. Plun- 
 ger, Chief of Police; W. M. Brackett, Chief 
 of Tire Department, west division: M. B. Rollins, 
 Chief of Fire Department, east division. 
 
 Fifth election, April .Sd. 1877. John De Laittre, 
 Mayor; Aldermen. T. M. Bohan, first ward; M. 
 W. (ilenn. second: Solon Armstrongr third. P. D. 
 McMillan, fourth; J. B. Bassett, fifth; J. G, Mc- 
 Farlane, sixth; E. S. Corser, seventh; C. L. Sny- 
 der, eighth; J. O. Pattee, ninth; A. F. Jackson, 
 tenth. Frank J. Meade. City Clerk; T. J. Bu.\- 
 tou. Treasurer; William Lochren, Attorney; 
 Andrew R inker. Engineer; S. W. Case, Assessor, 
 west di\isit)n; G. B. Dake. .Assessor, east divi- 
 sion; Dr. A. A. Ames. Health Officer; G. B. 
 Cooley, Municipal Judge; Reuben Reynolds, 
 Special Municipal Judge; L. A. Dunn. Clerk 
 Municipal Court. June 20th. W. B. Hall. Com- 
 ptroller, vice Ortman. resigned; November 7th. 
 Mathias Kees, Alderman, sixth ward, vice 
 Thompson, resigned. 
 
 Sixth election. April 2d, 1878. A. C. Rand, 
 Mayor. The number of wards was reduced to 
 six and three members elected from each for 
 terms of one, two and three years. Aldermen, 
 first ward, P. J. Thielen one year, M. Lyons two 
 years, B. F. Nelson three years; second ward, 
 T. F. Andrews one year, W. M. Banows two
 
 MINNEAPOLIS AFTER THIRTY YEARS. 
 
 38.5 
 
 years, A. R. Camp three years; third ward, J. 
 W. Anderson one year, H. C. Morse two years, D. 
 Waitt three years; fourth ward, E. S. Corser one 
 year, F. S. Gilson two years, W. W. Woodward 
 three years; fifth ward, A. Franlv Gale one year, 
 Fred L. Smith two years, C. L. Snyder three 
 years; sixth ward, Karl Bendeke one year, Mat- 
 hew "Walsh two years, A. C. Ilaugan three years. 
 Selah Mathews, City Clerk; Assessors, A. C. 
 Austin, G. B. Dake, William A. Barnes; 
 W. B. Hill, Comptroller ; William Loch- 
 ren. Attorney; A. Rinker, Engineer; Dr. O. J. 
 Evans, Health Officer; Thomas C. Wilson, Clerk 
 of Munidi)al Court; A. S. Mnnger, Chief of Po- 
 lice, A. C. Berry, Captain, John West, Sergeant, 
 Michael Hoy, Detective; W. U. Brackett, Chief 
 of Fire Department, W. C. Stetson and C. Fred- 
 erichs. Assistants. ' 
 
 Seventh election, April 1st, 1879. A. C. Rand, 
 Mayor; Aldermen: M.W.Glenn, first ward; J. 
 H. Gilmore, second ward; .J. W. Anderson, third 
 ward; Frank Beebe, fourth ward; J. M. Parker, 
 fifth ward; Joseph Holseher, sixth ward. R. C. 
 Benton, Attorney; William B. Hill, Comptroller; 
 T. J. Buxton, Treasurer; Dr. A. H. Salisbury, 
 Health Officer; Andrew Rinker, Engineer; Ed. 
 McDermott, Sealer of Weights and 2ileasures; 
 A. S. Hunger, Chief of Police; W. M. Brackett, 
 Chief of Fire Department. 
 
 Eighth election, April, 1880. As this year 
 closes the official record, the entire list is given, 
 embracing both those officers elected in 1880 and 
 those holding over from previous elections: A. 
 C. Rand, Mayor. City Council, A. R. Camp, 
 President; C. L. Snyder, Vice-President; Alder- 
 men, first ward, B. F. Nelson, M. Lyons, M. W. 
 Glenn; second ward, A. R. Camp, '\\. M. Bar- 
 rows, J. H. Gilmore; third ward, D. Waitt, H. 
 C. Morse, J. W. Anderson; fourth ward, W. W. 
 Woodward, F. S. (iilson, F. Beebe; fifth ward, 
 F. L. Smith, C. L. Snyder, J. M. Parker; sixth 
 ward, M. Walsh, A. C. Haugan, Joseph Holseher. 
 Selah Mathews, City Clerk; T. J. Buxton, Treas- 
 urer; W. B. Hill, Comptroller; R. C. Benton, City 
 Attorney; W. M. Brackett, Chief Engineer Fire 
 Department: W. H. Johnson, Superintendent of 
 Water-works; Andrew Rinker, Citj- Engineer; 
 Grove B. Cooley, Judge of Municipal Court; A. 
 S. Munger Chief of Police; Dr. A. H. Salisbury, 
 
 Health officer. 
 25 
 
 CHAPTER LXII. 
 
 AFTER THIRTY YEARS — STREETS AND A^TENUES 
 — BUILDINGS — STATISTICS — POPULATION — 
 DEVELOPMENT OF THE WATER POWER. 
 
 After following the settlement and growth of 
 Minneapolis until its population became so 
 numerous that it was possible to mention only 
 the few who had become conspicuous, from large 
 fortunes made by the rapid advance in prices 
 and skillful business management, or from re- 
 ceiving the honors of the people in consequence 
 of enterprise, public spirit and high talent, it 
 will be more interesting to leap over the inter- 
 vening years and take a view of the city as it 
 appears in 1881, with its population of fifty 
 thousand, covering an area of nine square miles 
 with houses, the largest city north-west of Chic? go 
 and Milwaukee, and except St. Louis and Kan- 
 sas City, the largest between the Mississippi river 
 and the Rocky mountains. 
 
 The surface of the country, from its almost 
 level character, admits of extension in every di- 
 rection, and at the same time obviates the neces- 
 sity of heavy and expensive grading. The same 
 feature was favorable for regularity in the streets, 
 and the beauty of the city would have been en- 
 hanced, had the irregular course of the river been 
 disregarded, and the streets laid out north and 
 south, instead of following its torturous course. 
 At a distance from the river the north and south 
 course is adopted and the streets are regidarly 
 laid out, but at the intersection of streets run- 
 ning by the first plan and the new one, many tri- 
 angular pieces are formed which are a blemish to 
 the appearance of the city. It must in justice 
 be stated, however, that the regularity both in 
 the course of the streets and avenues, and the 
 numbering of houses is better than in most cities 
 east or west. The streets and avenues are named 
 numerically, except the four principal avenues, 
 Washington, Hennepin, and Nicollet on the 
 West and Central on the East Side, and a few 
 formed by the irregularity of the city before 
 mentioned. The streets run north and south, 
 and the avenues east and west, except where varied 
 by the original plats, which were made to con- 
 form to the river. The streets and avenues are
 
 386 
 
 HISTOET OF EEKNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 wide, averaging aV)Out one Inindred feet. In the 
 central portii)u of tlie city the old wooden build- 
 ings have Iwen largely replaced by substantial 
 and elegant brick and stone structures, and the 
 reconstruction is going rapidly fonvard, which 
 gives the busmess portion of the city somewhat 
 the appearance of solidity characteristic of the 
 older cities in the east. 
 
 Beyond the business centre are seen many 
 beautiful private residences, giving evidence of 
 wealth and refinement, diffeiing. however, from 
 the wealthy cities of the east by having larger 
 lots and more extensive grounds laid out with 
 taste. Indeed the resident portion of the city 
 unites the comfort and freedom of large villages 
 ^\ith the advantages of a city of considerable 
 wealth. 
 
 The most valuable building material is the na- 
 tive limestone, which underlies large areas in 
 and near the city, iii strata of uniform thickness, 
 convenient for the erection of substantial aud el- 
 egant structures. This stone is largely utilized 
 for both public and private building. Extensive 
 deposits of brick clay also exist, from which build- 
 ers are fm-nished with bricks in color and texture 
 like those of Milwaukee. It must be added, 
 though it may seem superfluous in a great lum- 
 ber city like ilinneapolis, that soft and hard 
 timber, at low prices, furnishes material for the 
 construction of the greatest number of buildings. 
 
 In addition to the materials mentioned, many 
 building stones of greater beauty are brought 
 from a distance, for ornamental finish or for the 
 entire construction of buildings. Prominent 
 among these foreign materials are the Ohio sand- 
 stone, from which we have many buildings, and 
 the Diduth brown-stone, used for the new 'West- 
 minster Presbyterian church and other edifices. 
 
 The streets are well lighted with gas. except in 
 parts remote from the centre where the mains 
 have not yet been extended; here gasoline is used. 
 
 The system of sewerage is extending rapidly, 
 and already forms a network draining a large 
 portion of the city; this is an herculean task in 
 a climate where pipes are laid nine feet below 
 the surface to avoid the action of the frost. A. 
 general tax is levied for that portion of the sew- 
 erage which benefits the city at large, and spe- 
 cial taxes are assessed on the abuttmg property to 
 proNide for this expensive improvement. 
 
 At the session of the legislature of 1881, a bUl 
 was passed authorizmg the city to issue bonds to 
 the amount of S50,000 to carry out extensive 
 plans for sewerage. 
 
 The amoimt invested in buildings in 1879, as 
 shown by the annual report of the Board of 
 Trade, to whom we are indebted for these and 
 other facts in regard to the present status of ilin- 
 neapolis. was S2.713.600. an uicrea.se of SI .605.- 
 750 over the year 1876. An acciuate measure- 
 ment of the frontage of all buildings erected 
 during the year 1879, gives a distance amounting 
 to two and a half miles solid, with no allowance 
 made for streets 
 
 Dming the year 1880, the report shows a front- 
 age of business blocks greater by 329 feet than 
 the pre\'ious year, and a gain of 177 in the num- 
 ber of residences built, over the previous year. 
 The total amoimt of building in 1880 was: twen- 
 ty-six business blocks for forty-three stores, with 
 a frontage of 1.187 feet, costing 5257,000; eleven 
 frame six)res, 224 feet, $16,900; two elevators, $70,- 
 000; expended on three flouring mills, S375.000; 
 other improvements on mills. $60,000; manufactur- 
 ing buildings, SI 36,500; f oiu- school biuldings, S38,- 
 000: expended on fom' churches, S62.O00; county 
 jail, S60.000; four railroad buildings. S26.000; 
 stieet-carand other public stables, S27,000: fom- 
 hundred and seventy-three residences, costing 
 over S1,000 each, total, S888.200; estimated eight>- 
 other residences at S800 each, S64,(»00. making a 
 grand total of 52,080,600. Total sales of real 
 estate during the year, $5,103,017; the largest in- 
 cluded was the sale to J. J. Hill by Water Power 
 Company, 5465,000. The increase in business 
 blocks and private residences though large was 
 not equal to the demand, and at present a scarcity 
 exists in both. 
 
 The increase in mercantile aud manufacturing 
 interests was greater durmg 1880. than any pre- 
 ceding year, but the demands of the new countn.- 
 developing and looking to Minneapolis for sup- 
 plies, have been in excess of the f aciUties furnished 
 here. In short, the demands in all departments 
 of enterprise in the city are greater than the 
 supiily, calUng in imjierative tones for more cap- 
 ital in the various departments of the city trade 
 to keep pace with the enlarged and giowing de- 
 mands of the smTounding country. More than 
 1.600 miles of railroad have been built during
 
 INCREASE IK POPULATION. 
 
 387 
 
 the year, extending into country tributary to this 
 city, and still greater plans are on foot for the 
 ensuing year. A summary of business for live 
 successive years is as follows: 1876, $21,017,819; 
 1877, $30,912,152; 1878, S-17,149,87o; 1879, $62,- 
 801, .513; 1880, $88,298,820. The total bonded in- 
 debtedness of the city in 1880, was $1,101,000, and 
 $395,162.42 was levied in taxes during the year. 
 
 The fact that the tendency of capital, in util- 
 izing the water-power, is directed to the construc- 
 tion of great flouring mills with such improved 
 facilities as to manufacture large quantities of 
 flour without the employment of many hands, is 
 not conducive to the most rapid growth of the 
 city, but it is also true that the mills now build- 
 ing are of such mammoth projiortions and em- 
 ploy so large a capital in construction and opera- 
 tion, that small concerns will eventually be 
 unable to compete, and capital will be directed 
 into other channels. The Ijuilding of flouring 
 mills has been stimulated by high prices, and 
 doubtless the business will be enlarged to keep 
 pace with the increasing acreage in the north- 
 west. The undevelojied power of the falls, ad- 
 mits of the introduction of all kinds of mechanical 
 industries under most favorable conditions for 
 success. In the chapter on mills and manufac- 
 tories, will be seen the extent to wliich the power 
 is already utilized and the amount still unused. 
 In view of the fact that the growth of Minneap- 
 olis, hitherto has been due to the development of 
 the power of the falls, we may safely predict a 
 very large city wlien this power is utilized to its 
 full extent, especially if manufactories of furni- 
 ture, woolen and cotton goods, and other indus- 
 tries employing many laborers are multiplied. 
 
 It may be interesting and profitable to compare 
 the growth of tliis city with that of others, partly 
 by way of indication of what its future may be, 
 and partly to satisfy the desire of every western 
 citizen to know how his favorite city has held her 
 own in the strife for supremacy. New York city 
 in 1656 had a population of one thousand; in 
 1756, at the end of the first century of its exist- 
 ence, a little over ten thousand ; in 1800, over 
 sixty thousand; in 1820, nearly one hundred and 
 twenty-four thousand; in 1830, over two hundred 
 thousand; in 1880, 1,206,690. Chicago came into 
 existence in 1831, with about the same number of 
 houses which Minneapolis had in the spring of 
 
 1854. In 1837 its population was 4,170; in 1840, 
 4,853; in 1850, 29,963; in 1860, twenty-nme years 
 from its first life, 112,172; in 1870, 298,977; in 
 1880, 503,304. Miimeapolis in 1870, fifteen years 
 from the time when the land was opened for set- 
 tlement, had a population of 18,079, and in 1876 
 was estimated at 32,000; in 1880, after twenty- 
 five years, 48,053. 
 
 These figures are gratifying to the vanity of 
 north-western enthusiasts and encouraging to 
 property owners m the infant city, as they show 
 a growth with which the older cities of the coun- 
 try can afford no comparison, and a parallel to 
 Chicago, the greatest prodigy on the continent. 
 Chicago, at the sixth year of its existence, had 
 4,170; Mimieapolis, at fifth, 5,809. Chicago at 
 the ninth year, 4,8.53; Minneapolis at the fifteenth, 
 18,079. The percentage of growth from 1870 to 
 1880, 269 per cent., was not equaled by any city 
 of e(iual size on the continent. 
 
 The population of Minneapolis by the census 
 of 1880 was 48,053, but at the present tune doubt- 
 less exceeds 50,000. 
 
 Tlie projected plans for machine-shops con- 
 nected with the great trunk lines extendmg west 
 promise to add immediately, thousands to the per- 
 manent population of the city, besides the num- 
 ber temorarily employed in the construction of 
 new buildings and new roads. Minneapolis is 
 emphatically a busy city, and visitors from the 
 east are disi>osed to find fault with a town whose 
 citizens cannot find time to waste in idle talk. 
 The recent purchase of the east-side water-power 
 by .James J. Hill, manager of the St. Paul, Min- 
 neapolis and Manitol)a railway, has given a new 
 impetus to the manufacturing interests. The 
 purchase was made March 1st, 1880, for a private 
 company, consisting of James .1. Hill and others 
 interested in operating the railway, though a 
 disthict company, and the price paid was to the 
 St. Anthony Water Power Company. $425,000. 
 and to Mr. Eastman for a few privileges not con- 
 trolled by that company, an additional sum of 
 $42,500, making a total investment of $467,500. 
 
 The city has no marked characteristic except 
 the great river with its wonderful water- fall, and 
 the industries which it supports. Of all the in- 
 dustries, that of the flouring mills is the fore- 
 most, and of such extent as not only to charac- 
 terize Miimeapolis as a milling city, but also to
 
 388 
 
 HISTOBT OF HUNNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 entitle it to the position of tlie first in tlie 
 world. The three great mills are the Wash- 
 Imni A, with capacity, when complete, es- 
 timated at 4,200 barrels, the Pillsbnry A, in 
 process of bnikling. estimated at 4.800, and tlie 
 Crown Keller at 3,000, besides twenty-three more 
 making a total daih capacity of 2o.22o according 
 to the estimate of the IJoard of Trade. 
 
 In giving a liistory of the milling interests of 
 Mmneapolis. it will be necessary to give a sketch 
 of the changes the falls themselves have nnder- 
 gone since their first discovery, but we shall not 
 attempt to usurp the ground covered by the 
 "Pioneers and Explorers." That the falls received 
 theii' name " St. Anthony " from Father Hen- 
 nepin has been already recorded, and the ever- 
 lasting rocks, bear testimony to their '• change of 
 venue " by a gorge cut fi'om the mouth of the 
 Minnesota river to St. Anthony. The strata of 
 rock forming the bed of the river was superim- 
 posed upon white sandstone of a very friable 
 nature. From this cause the recession proceeded 
 rapidly by the combined action of frost and 
 water; for the erosion destroyed the sandstone 
 substratum, and the action of the frost and 
 water combuied !)roke down the rock bed of the 
 river. Still another destructive force was added, 
 namely the hand of man in attempting to make 
 the power more available. The value of a water- 
 fall consists as much in its availability as in 
 volume and height, and in these respects the 
 Falls of St. Anthony excel, owmg to the high 
 bluffs on each side of the river above the falls, 
 through which sluices can be cut. conducting the 
 water to flumes or canals parallel with the mam 
 cliaimel. Besides, the water-power companies, 
 by dams built for the advantage of mills situated 
 on each bank, forced the flood of the river to about 
 one-third the natiural width of the stream and 
 thus hastened the disintegration. The work of 
 destruction by these various causes continued 
 silently but nevertheless with alanmng rapidity. 
 The attention of citizens was occasionally called 
 to the danger when the undermining process 
 caused an unusual recession, as in 1851, when 
 several rods, ninety feet by actual measurement, 
 of the superstratum fell in one huge mass in the 
 foaming water. It will be hiteresting to many 
 U) Und here a record of the exact location of the 
 crest of Uie fall in 1850. We, therefore, give 
 
 points from which any one may ascertain it. and 
 note the recession. 
 
 A line nmning south 50 deg. west from tlie 
 north-west comer of the ■• Pillsbury A" mill, 
 would strike the bend in the crest of the falls, as 
 it was in 1850, about 250 feet west of its eastern 
 end at the old frame saw-mill, and would follow 
 its crest to a point on the west side, nine feet 
 above the lower comer of the Minneapolis Mill, 
 of Crocker, Fisk and Company. The data are 
 obtained fi-om records made and preserved by C. 
 W. Christmas. Persons interested, by standing 
 at the comer of the Pillsbury A mill, can easily 
 follow this line and mark the recession of the 
 falls during the thirty years which have elapsed 
 since the record was made. 
 
 Dr. S. II. Chute, in 1864, excavated a tunnel 
 eight feet m diameter, beginning just below the 
 Chalybeate springs, through the soft sand rock 
 about tvvo hundred feet in a straight line, thence 
 parallel with the river to the fall, for a tail-race, 
 in order to secure greater head in utilizing the 
 power. Into this subterranean channel, it was 
 supposed, after encasing it with masomy or 
 sheet iron, the waste water from many mills 
 could be conducted. The work was never com- 
 pleted, but the eroding tooth was by this means, 
 admitted to cut more rapidly at the very vitals 
 of the power. This excavation was called Chute's 
 cave, and visitors at the falls were invited to ex- 
 plore its dark regions in a boat kept there for the 
 purpose by persons interested in a place of resort 
 near the spring. The attractions here were the 
 mineral water, which still continues to flow' in 
 great abundance from fissures in the rock, a fish 
 pond and a few curiosities of the animal king- 
 dom. The view of the falls with these extraor- 
 dinary inducements, rewarded the tourist for the 
 fatigue of descending the long stairway to the 
 bed of the river, and the patronage of swing, 
 boat and restaurant compensated the enterpris- 
 ing owner. The springs continue to furnish 
 medicinal water, but the remainder gave place 
 during the whiter of 1880 — 1, to the progressive 
 enterprise of mill builduig. During the winter 
 of 1880—1. occurred the breaking down of the 
 limestone ledge above the timnel. Into the hole, 
 tumbled a part of Main street. A tree was 
 swallowed up to the limbs, and the comer of a 
 mill standing near, settled to an alarmmg extent.
 
 HENNEPIN ISLAND TUNNEL. 
 
 3K9 
 
 The danger was near the large and expensive 
 Pillsbury A, but fortunately its foundations are 
 secure. 
 
 Still another and the most dangerous tunnel, 
 was the excavation on Hennepin Island, begun 
 in 1868 by W. W. Eastman and others, at the foot 
 of Hennepin Island, and intended to extend 
 under the island and under the river to Nicollet 
 Island, where the manufacturing establishments 
 were to be located. Before the work approached 
 completion, and while it was progressing under 
 the river above the island, dangerous percolation 
 began whicli continued through new and enlarged 
 apertures, but the alarm did not discontinue the 
 work until the laborers were driven out by the 
 rapidly increasing torrent, by which one of their 
 number was swept away into the current Ijelow 
 and narrowly escaped drowning, wliile the re- 
 mainder hm-ried out by a perpendicular shaft that 
 had been sunk at the head of Ileimepin Island. 
 
 The power of the falls was thus turned to 
 their own destniction; the sides of the tunnel 
 dropped in and down went the rocks forming the 
 river's bed, with logs and debris in a tangled 
 mass. The alarm was given "The falls are gomg 
 out!" and citizens as well as proprietors joined in 
 the effort to stay the destruction. The alarm 
 was well grounded, for the rock bed of the river 
 only extended tw'elve hundred feet above the 
 falls, having at the time of the settlement of St. 
 Anthony cut its way nearly through the limestone 
 layer. Tiie temporary expedients resorted to 
 were continued, renewed and changed, until by 
 an appropriation from the national government, 
 mmiicipal aid and private contribution, elaborate 
 plans were carried out for permanent preservation 
 of the falls. The companies controlling the water- 
 power made, in 1866, an attempt to protectthe crest 
 of the falls by a timber apron, but this was car- 
 ried off in the spring followmg. 
 
 A survey, made in 1860, by Major G. K. War- 
 ren, called the attention of the general govern- 
 ment to the necessity of aiTesting their destruc- 
 tion. James B. Francis, of Massachusetts, was 
 summoned to examine the falls and report as to 
 the best means of averting the catastrophe. lie 
 recommended as a protection against the recess- 
 ion of the crest, a substantial apron of timber with 
 heavy crib- work at the bottom; for the dangerous 
 timnel, that it be filled for four hundred feet with 
 
 a puddle of clay and gravel; against the third 
 danger, the action of frost, that the limestone be 
 kept flooded by low dams. 
 
 No tune was lost in carrying out energetic 
 measures. A '-Board of Construction," appoint- 
 ed by citizens, set about building the apron, and 
 private enteiprise and government aid, imited in 
 the work. Government apjiropriations amount- 
 ing to S.55.5,000 were made, beginning in 1870 and 
 ending with that of March 3d, 1879. A concrete 
 wall was laid in the bed of sandstone, beneath 
 the limestone ledge, six feet in thickness at the 
 base and four feet at the top, and forty feet in 
 height, extending entirely across the river, thus 
 effectually preventuig any fiu'ther leakage. Tlie 
 amount contrilnited by the citizens of ilinneapo- 
 lis toward the preservation of the falls was S334,- 
 500. The whole cost of the improvement thus 
 buried out of sight, was nearly a million of dol- 
 lars, liut from it came tiie preservation of the 
 falls with its one hundred and twenty thousand 
 horse-power and the future hope of Minneapolis. 
 
 CHAPTER LXm. 
 
 MILL BriLDINC! — A LAKGE GKIST — FIRST SHir- 
 3IENT OF FLOUR — WEST SIDE 3IILLS— THE EX-' 
 PLOSION — NEW PROCESS— MILLS AT PRESENT. 
 
 Mill building began with the old government 
 mill biult in 1822. To the saw-mill was attached 
 a single run of stone for grinding corn, for the use 
 of the large number of cattle and horses employed 
 at Fort Snelling. A penstock was constructed 
 from the crest of the falls to the wooden "flutter- 
 wheel" of the old-fashioned mill. The mill occu- 
 pied the site of the present mUl of Sidle, Fletcher, 
 Holmes & Martin. Twenty-five years jiassed 
 away before furtlier progress was made, when 
 FrankUn Steele built the dam, saw-mill and other 
 improvements already mentioned in this history. 
 
 Steele's mill was above the location of the pres- 
 ent structures on the east side, and run under a 
 head of six feet. In 1856, the "St. Anthony
 
 390 
 
 HISTORY OF HENNEPIN' COUNTY. 
 
 Water-Power Company" was chartered, with 
 Thomas E. Da%is. Fred C. Gebhardt and J. F. A. 
 Sandford of Xew York. Richard Chute and 
 Franklin Steele of St. Anthony, and John S. 
 Prince, of St. Paul, as incorporators. To this 
 company Mr. Steele and ilr. Ard Godfrey, who 
 had purchased one-twentieth of the power, trans- 
 ferred their entire east side water-power. Feb- 
 ruary 27th of the same year, the "Minneapolis 
 Mill Company" was formed, with R. P. Russell. 
 M. L. Olds. George E. Huy. Jacob Elliott. Rob- 
 ert H. Smitli and D. Morrison as incorporators. 
 
 In the fall of 1851, R. C. Rogers started a 
 small feed and grist-mill in a rude way at the 
 end of the row of saw-mills, built by ilr. Steele 
 on the east side. On tlie same site, the following 
 year, Mr. Steele built a one-story mill and Mr. 
 Rogere put in two run of stone, one thirty-six 
 and the other thirty inches in diameter. The 
 bolting reel was twelve feet long and thirty-two 
 inches in diameter, and the cleaning machiner>- 
 was zinc and sheet iron, perforated with a hand 
 punch. What a consti-ast is here afforded to the 
 immense structures now lining the banks of the 
 river. In 1853, Mr. Larpenteur, a farmer, 
 brought m a thirty-two bushel giist which was 
 recorded as a marvel, and the largest grist ever 
 ground at the falls. 
 
 The Island mill was completed in 1854, by 
 Captam John Rollins, Jolm Eastman and R. P. 
 Upton, 40x60 in size, three stories high above the 
 basement, and began running with three run of 
 stone, which was soon increased to five. The 
 wheat for so large an enterprise could not be 
 furnished by tlie simounding counh'y. and was 
 therefore transported ft-om Iowa by boats to St. 
 Paul, and thence to St. Anthony by teams. The 
 flour found ready sale among the thousands of 
 new settlers in the territorj-, at S9 to S12 per 
 barrel hi sacks : but the bran and middlings were 
 chfficult to dispose of. The fonner Avas frequently 
 spouted into the river, while the middlings were 
 giound over and sold as " red dog." a low grade 
 of Hour, to the Indians. In 1858, a little flour 
 was shipped to the east, the beginning of the 
 great business now carried on so extensively with 
 Xew England, as well as with all parts of this, 
 and other comitries. The circumstances attend- 
 ing the fii-st shipment of floiu: were said to be as 
 follows : Mr. Getchell, of Champhn, sent a con- 
 
 signment of flour to Xew Hampshire, this being 
 in his estimation a safe, though an awkward 
 method of sending money, resorted to for the 
 want of bills of exchange, and. as it proved sat- 
 isfactoiy, an order for one hundred barrels soon 
 followed, the first ever received at Minneapolis. 
 The next difficulty was to olrtain barrels in which 
 to ship the flour, since there was no barrel maker 
 short of Anoka: this man, a " wet cooper," split 
 out the staves by hand, and manufactured very 
 imcouth packages, comjiared A\ith modern coop- 
 erage. The packing of flour, too, was by old 
 fashioned prod or mangle, and the barrels brand- 
 ed "Minnesota Mills" were sent on at an ex- 
 pense of S2.2o per barrel. In 1863. improvements 
 were added, incluilhig cooper-shops, additional 
 runs of stone, and the modern style of packers. 
 In 1869. the mill was rebuilt, and in 1870. the 
 first flour, made from middlings, purified as well 
 as could be done then, was shipped to New York. 
 To the surprise of the shippers, it sold for fiftj" 
 cents per barrel more than their best brands. In 
 
 1871, Brown and Martin became proprietors of 
 the mill, and under their management the mill 
 was remodeled and improvements made in the 
 machuiery. Eight middlings purifiers were ad- 
 ded, and the mill was just ready to start, with a 
 full supply of wheat m store, when, ilarch 5th, 
 
 1872, the ven.- night before they expected to start, 
 the mill was burned to the ground without in- 
 surance. Thus ended the first effort to man- 
 ufacture flour according to the modern pro- 
 cess, just on tlie eve of its success. 
 
 Three other nulls were erected on the East 
 Side, viz: the '■ River Mills." afterward called 
 the '-Farmei-s' Mill," built in 1856 by B. C. Mor- 
 rison and X. M. Prescott, a grist mill with first 
 two. then three and afterward four run of stone, 
 which was burned after a few years ; the ''St. 
 Anthony Mill." built in 1864 by Messrs. Stam- 
 witz and Schober, burned about three years after 
 its completion, while the property of Peter 
 Schussler and Company: the "Summit ilill," 
 built on the island in 1865, by Messrs. Erb and 
 Kassube, with four run of stone. This mill did 
 not burn Init came to an untimely end b\ reason 
 of its foimdations beuig undermined by the tun- 
 nel before mentioned. 
 
 "We quote here from a valuable series of articles 
 in the "North-western MUler," written bv F. E.
 
 THE MILL EXPLOSION, 
 
 391 
 
 Hesler, to whose researches there published, we 
 are indebted for many facts relative to the his- 
 tory of the mills at Minneapolis. He wTites : 
 " So perished the mills of the East Side or St. 
 Anthony, the pioneer structures that fathered 
 the industry wliich has since grown to such vast 
 proportions. What a marked change from the 
 paltry shipment of ten baiTels of inibranded flour 
 sent to tlie seaboard by way of team and river, 
 to the thousands of baiTels, under brands whose 
 names are legion, packed to-day and landed in 
 three short weeks in the European markets. 
 One run of stone then made one hundred barrels 
 in twenty-four hours; now twenty-two to twenty- 
 five barrels per run is considered an abundant 
 yield. Then the dark, uncomely straight flour 
 was difiicult of sale ; now the briglit, snowy, 
 patent process, world-wide in fame, is eagerly 
 sought in every land, commanding the highest 
 price in the markets of the world, and bringing 
 millions of dollars annually to our coffers." 
 
 Milling on the west side began as soon as the 
 "Minneapolis Mill Company'' made preparations 
 by a dam, sluices and other appliances, for utiUz- 
 ing the power. This company was organized, as 
 we have seen, in 1856, and innnediately 
 began their improvements. A cotfer dam was 
 buUt to hold the water in check, and the solid 
 limestone rock, which forms the bed of the river, 
 . varying from eighteen to forty feet in thickness, 
 was blasted out, and the canal thus formed was 
 extended to "Cataract" street, now Sixth Avenue 
 south, a distance of over three hupdi'ed feet, sev- 
 enty feet wide and fourteen feet deep. The 
 first mill on the west side was built by Messrs. 
 Eastman and Gibson, commenced in 1859, and 
 called the "Cataract Mill." It was first built 
 three stories in height, from the stone of the 
 canal, with fom- run of stone, but has since out- 
 grown the first modest pretensions. It has been 
 operated since the first owners, liy AVelles, Gardi- 
 ner, by Gardiner & Barber and now by 1). R. Bar- 
 ber & Son. 
 
 The "City Mill" was built by Messrs. Perkins 
 & Stini in 1860, a two-run, frame mill, two stories 
 in height above the canal, and near the site of the 
 original government mill. This mill did a large 
 custom business, and passed through several 
 hands, but in 1879, it was destroyed by fire. 
 
 The "Union Mill" was built in 1863, by Hem-y 
 
 Gibson. It was a limestone structure, with four 
 run of stone, but has been several times en- 
 larged until it bears little resemblance to its first 
 appearance. 
 
 In 1865 the canal, made in 1857, was extended 
 six hinidred feet further down the stream, giving 
 room for many new mills, and increasing the 
 fall at the lower end of the canal to forty-five feet. 
 
 In 1866, the "Arctic Mill," with three run of 
 stone, was built by Perkins & Crocker; the "Min- 
 neapolis," by Frazee & Murphy, with six run; 
 the "Taylor" mill, by Taylor Brothers, with six 
 run, and the mill now called "Washburn B," 
 with eleven. 
 
 The "Dakota" was built in 1867, by Messrs. 
 Russell & Huy, a frame structure still standing, 
 and operated by H. F. Brown and Company, the 
 only wooden flouring mill in Minneapolis. The 
 following mills were soon built: The Zenith, Pal- 
 isade, Holly, Galaxy, Hennepin, Humboldt, 
 Washbmn A, Anchor, Pettit-Robinson, Excel- 
 sior, Washburn B addition, Morrison, and Model. 
 The North Star was built ui 187(1, the Empire in 
 1872. The building of the Standard, Crown 
 Roller, Northwestern, Trades, and the rebuilding 
 of the Wasliburn A and Washburn C took place 
 in 1879. The Galaxy, first built in 1871, was 
 rebuilt in 1875, and again four years later. 
 
 THE EXPLOSIOK. 
 
 The event which is most famous in the history 
 of the mills of Minneapolis, and which called the 
 attention of the whole civilized world to the 
 milling enterprise of this city, was the terrible 
 explosion of May 2d, 1878, attended with great 
 loss of life and property. 
 
 At seven o'clock in the evening, soon after the 
 day-hands had given place to those employed at 
 night, a terrific explosion took place m the Wash- 
 bum A Mill, which shook the solid land like an 
 earthquake, breaking thousands of dollars worth 
 of glass m tlie city, and felt distinctly at St. Paul, 
 ten miles away. The first shock was followed 
 almost immediately by a second, and in a trice 
 the whole vicinity of the mills seemed in a blaze. 
 The rapidity of the flames was so great that the 
 few inmates, even if not covered with the debris, 
 could not escape, and, in the ^^'asllburn A, every 
 man perished, to the number of fourteen. When 
 investigation could be made, it appeared that the
 
 392 
 
 HISTOBY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 entire walls were thrown dowii outwardly by the 
 concussion, which was said to be due to the ex- 
 plosive cliaracter of tlie dust of the mill mingled 
 with common air, when brought in contact witli 
 flame. Explanation from the occupants of the 
 mill could not be obtained, since only theii" man- 
 gled and charred bodies remained a silent testi- 
 mony to the horrors of the catastrophe, and their 
 faitlifulness to duty was proven by the positions 
 in which the bodies were found. Tlie testimony 
 of witnesses outside, or in neighboring mills, was 
 to the bursting out of tire on the lower floor just 
 before the explosion, and appearances indicated 
 that tlie victims of tlie disaster were lighting the 
 fire at the time the fatal explosion took place. 
 
 The disaster was not confined to the "Washburn 
 A, but communicated to the other mills in prox- 
 imity, with loss of life and great damage. Five 
 of these were destroyed in addition to the Wash- 
 burn A, and five more were damaged. Eighteen 
 persons perished, fourteen ui tlie Washburn Mill, 
 one each mthe Zenith, Diamond and Humboldt, 
 and one outside the mills. The mills destroyed 
 were the Washburn A, called the "Big ilill," 
 100 by 138 feet on the ground and seven and a 
 half stories high, filled with the most approved 
 machinery and having forty-one run of stone; 
 tlie Humboldt, eight nm; Diamond, six run; 
 Pettit, Robinson & Company, fifteen run; Ze- 
 nith, six run; (ialaxy, twelve run. The dam- 
 aged mills were the Washburn B, badly shaken 
 up; City, a wooden mill, considerably shattered; 
 Morrison, slightly disarranged; Dakota, consid- 
 erably disturbed; Palisade, much damaged. 
 
 The scene of the disaster was a tangled mass 
 of debris, not one stone left on another. The 
 total loss was estimated at nearly a million dol- 
 lars. 
 
 The sympathies of the citizens were aroused, 
 and liberal contributions were made to a relief 
 fund for the widows and oi-phans, caused by the 
 disaster. Many thousand dollars were paid over 
 til tlie families of tlie victims, and tlie charity 
 and lilierality of tlie citizens was demonstrated. 
 
 Mill owners were here taught a lesson in regard 
 to the management of their mills, and the risk to 
 which they had unconsciously been exposed. In 
 the new and larger mills which have since covered 
 the scene of disaster, appliances have been uitro- 
 duced to remove the dust from the mill, and thus 
 
 prevent the recurrence of a similar catastrophe. 
 
 As the present process of milling differs so 
 materially from the old method of gi-inding by 
 mill-stones, it will be attempted here to give a 
 description of the new process as it appears to a 
 tyro, avoiding the use of teclmical terms and 
 without minute descriptions of the machines or 
 processes. ^Vt the same time, taking one of the 
 many miUs as a sample, we shall attempt to ex- 
 hibit the amount of business in the different 
 branches connected therewith, to which milling 
 gives rise. The basis and cause of the reforma- 
 tion in milling was economy. It was found that 
 by the old method of crushing the wheat between 
 mill-stones, the rough treatment of the grain 
 broke up the bran and mixed a portion of it with 
 the flour, which with the dirt adhermg to the 
 kernel and in the crease and the germ, not only 
 colored tlie whole product but compelled a large 
 portion of it to be sacrificed at hm prices. The 
 milling reform began in Hungai\- under the name 
 of the Hungarian process. Their plans were im- 
 proved on in this city and improvements are stiU 
 making in methods and machinery. Millmg, as 
 at present carried on, can only be said to be three 
 years old; indeed, some improvements are now 
 for the first time making in the new mills in 
 process of construction. The method, in brief, 
 is as follows: 
 
 The wheat at :Muineapolis is purchased by the 
 MUlers Association, an organization formed by 
 the various millers for mutual profit and protec- 
 tion, when it is taken in and weighed at the 
 elevators of the different companies. The cleans- 
 ing process is the first step, consisting flret of large 
 separators by which stiaw and foreign matter is 
 removed; second, it is passed tbi'ough two oat 
 and weed exti-actors. and through a cockle ma- 
 chine; it is next scoured and then passed through 
 two sets of brushes, after which it is brouglit to 
 tlie crushing machinery, wliich consists first of 
 comigated rollers. The first reduction or Ineak. 
 aims to craclv open the berry \\itliout breaking it 
 in fine pieces. It may be stated here that the 
 outside coating or bran is tougher than the ben-y 
 itself, and by careful breaking of the kernel it 
 remains nearly entne and can be removed, which 
 coidd not be accomplished if the kernel was 
 crushed at once. It is now passed through 
 what is called scalping reels by which any remain-
 
 BOLLEB PBOCESS. 
 
 393 
 
 ing dirt and the beard is removed. A little flour 
 comes out at this stage, of a very low grade, 
 called red-dog, the market for which is wholly m 
 foreign coimtries, and among the Indians. It 
 next passes to the second reduction, by corru- 
 gated rollers set closer, when it is broken again. 
 At this stage three separations are made; some 
 of the middlings, the liner portion, go to the 
 purifiers, and the coarser to the third reduction, 
 while some flour is saved, about five per cent, of 
 ■ a quality similar to the old process flour. At tlie 
 third reduction, still by corrugated rollers, four 
 grades of middlings are separated called accord- 
 ing to their coarseness, Xo. 1 coarsest, No. 2, 
 No. 3, No. 4, and some flour is obtained of a 
 better quality than the flour from either of the 
 fore-going reductions, and called baker's. 
 
 The fourth break is a repetition of the process 
 of the thu'd with a similar result. At the fifth 
 reduction only three grades of middlings are 
 separated, No.'s 2, 3, and 4, as the successive 
 eductions and separations have removed the 
 coarser No. 1. The flour obtained at this point 
 is baker's, but of a poorer quality than at the 
 last stage. At the sixth and last reduction the 
 middluigs are all removed and are of the grades 
 3 and 4; the flour obtained here is of a lower 
 grade than the last, but higher than the red-dog 
 which was obtained after the first reductiou. 
 What remains is the bran. Thus far the process 
 has been mainly one of cleaning and preparing 
 the middlings for the manufacture of flour. The 
 middlings are the best part of the wheat, and 
 from them is now made the choice flour of 
 market. The flour hitherto obtained has been 
 only that part which was too much pulverized 
 and therefore siftedout in preparing the middlings 
 for the miUing yet to come. Each of the four 
 grades of middlings is purified separately by 
 different macMnes, adapted to each grade, pass- 
 ing through four sets of machines. They are 
 next sent to smooth rollers, of chilled steel, and 
 highly polished, in order to remove small par- 
 ticles of the germ and liran that may remain, and 
 to pulverize them finally. Tlie flour now goes to 
 the bolting chests and the product is the best 
 patent floiu-. Any residue that has not been 
 thoroughly reduced is sent to the old-fashioned 
 miU-stones and the product, if from the No.'s 1 
 ;ind 2 middUngs, is a good patent flour, if from 
 
 No.'s 3 and 4, second grade patent. This gives 
 in plain language the plan of the new milling 
 process. 
 
 We will now attempt to give an idea of the 
 business by describing the plan of operations 
 laid out by C. A. Pillsbury and Company in con- 
 nection with the Pillsbury A mill, now nearly 
 completed. From the daily product of the mill, 
 forty cars of flour and ten of bran are anticipat- 
 ed, which will form three full trains of cars with 
 sixteen or seventeen in each train. In running 
 to New York, five days at least is required by a 
 freight train, and fifteen trains will therefore be 
 required constantly to convey the product of the 
 mill to New York, besides the returning, of cars 
 after then- freight is discharged. In addition to 
 this, a greater number of cars with wheat must 
 arrive daily from the country to supply the huge 
 monster with his daily food. The company will 
 own and operate their own engine and train for 
 removing grain from their elevator and transfer- 
 ring cars to different roads. The cars will lie 
 constructed according to a new plan, shaped like 
 a hopper for unloading tlie grain by a spout. 
 Two hundred coopers, with modern machinery, 
 will be required to manufactiue barrels for the 
 mill. 
 
 As an instance of rajiid transit and prompt 
 business management, we report the following 
 in reference to the Waslibimi A mill, the largest 
 flouring mill in the wtirld. A contract for flour 
 to be delivered in Liverpool was to be filled at a 
 certain day, but unforeseen ditticulty prevented 
 its manufacture until it seemed nearly impossi- 
 ble to fulfil it. In the emergency, arrangements 
 were made with a through line to run a special 
 train to New York without interruption, and the 
 managers of the Inman line of steamers for Liv- 
 erpool were ready to receive the freight on its ar- 
 rival. By this means it reached New York in 
 four and one-half days from the time of its man- 
 ufacture, the steamer made the passge in eight 
 days, and the seventeenth day from Minneapolis, 
 the flour was sold as bread in Liverpool and Lou- 
 don. Twenty-nine mills are now in operation m 
 Mimieapolis, or building, with a daily capacity of 
 25,225 barrels. The foreign demand is large and 
 flour is shipped to all parts of Europe and even 
 to Alexandria, Egypt, and South America. The 
 first exporting of flour was attempted in 1878,
 
 394 
 
 HISTOSY OF HENXEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 and its superiority procured a sale of 109,183 
 barrels during the first year; in 1879. the export 
 was increased to 442.598 barrels, and in 1880, to 
 769.442 liarrels. 
 
 The Pillsbury "A" Mill. C. A. Tillsbury and 
 Company, who already operate several large mills 
 at the falls, are just pressing to completion their 
 '•A" mill, which, it is anticipated, will have 
 greater capacity than any other flouruig mill m 
 the world. It is located in the East Division, 
 comer of ilain Street and Third Avenue south. 
 and is built of stone, with seven stories and an 
 attic. The dimensions are 115 by 175 feet, and 
 the height from the bottom of the wheel pit to the 
 roof is 187 feet. Work began on the mill in 
 March, 1879, and about June 1st, 1881, one half 
 of the mill will begin operation. The entire mill 
 it is expected, will be completed January 1st. 1882, 
 It is buildLug under the management of William 
 ¥. Gumi, engineer, James Pye, assistant engi- 
 neer. A canal was built at great expense by the 
 new Water-Power Compauj . to supply the power 
 for the mill , for which C. A. Pillsbury and Com- 
 pany pay an annual rent of S5,000. The motive 
 power consists of two victor tiu'bine wheels, of 
 twelve hiuidred horse power each, and are so 
 placed as to secme fifty-two feet head; the wheels 
 are so adjusted as to be operated either combined, 
 or by the separate power of one. The building 
 is heated by two large steel boilers, and is the 
 most complete in all its appomtments, of the miUs 
 at Minneaixilis. Much taste is exhibited in the 
 elegance of its architecture and internal finish. 
 The entii'e cost of the mill, when completed, will 
 be about half a million dollars, and its capacity 
 is estimated liy Engineer James Pye. at aliout 
 four thousand barrels per day, though reported 
 by the Board of Trade at four thousand eight 
 hmidred. It will have four hundred pairs of 
 rollers, two hundred middlings purifiers of the 
 Smith pattern, twenty run of stone, two hundred 
 bolting reels, and all other macliinery in propor- 
 tion, and is pro\-ided with every convenience that 
 modern improvement can suggest. It connects 
 by a branch with the St. Paul, Miimeapolis and 
 Manitoba Railway, two tracks running in front 
 and tluee in the rear of the mill. About one 
 luuuhed and fifty men will be employed in the 
 legitimate business of the mill, besides the out- 
 side uidustries to which it contributes employment 
 
 C. A. Pillsbury & Company operate four mills 
 on the west side, besides the A mill located on 
 the east side. The "Pillsbuiy," built in 1865, is 
 60x80 feet, and six stories in height, including 
 the basement. It is furnished with thhteen run 
 of stone and fom- water-wheels, one twenty-five 
 and one thirty-inch eclipse, and two turbines of 
 ^wenty-five and thirty-six inches diameter, pro- 
 ducing two hundred and fifty horse-power. The 
 capacity- of the mOlis 500 barrels daily, requiring 
 a working force of twenty-six men. 
 
 The "Empire" mill, erected in 1872. is in size 
 seventy feet square, and four stories high above 
 the basement. It has twelve run of stone, and 
 two turbine wheels, which furnish three hundred 
 horse-power. Twenty-five men are required in 
 its operation. The capacity is 500 barrels per 
 day. 
 
 The "Anchor" mill was built in 1874. destroyed 
 by fire, and rebuilt in 1879. It has a capacity of 
 500 barrels per day. and is fiu-nished with twenty 
 sets of smooth and fifteen pairs of corrugated 
 rolls, three run of stone, and twenty-six purifiers. 
 The machinery is driven by a tm-bine wheel of 
 foit\-four inches diameter. This mill fiu'uishes 
 employment to twenty-six men. 
 
 The "Excelsior" mUl, buUt in 1877, is a stone 
 structure with brick front, 45x106 feet, with a 
 height of four stories in front and six in the rear. 
 It has about fif t\- sets of smooth and corrugated 
 rolls, and a capacitj- of 500 barrels per day. The 
 number of men employed is thirty. An eclipse 
 wheel, of thirty-six inches diameter, fimiishes 
 360 horse-power. This mill was originally equip- 
 ped with thirteen run of stone, and during the 
 winter of 1878-"9 was changed to the roller sys- 
 tem. 
 
 The Washburn Mills. The massive "A" mill 
 has been described by the press as " the largest 
 mill in America, and the most complete mill of 
 its size m the world." It is operated by Wash- 
 birrn, Crosby and Company. It is twice the size 
 of the old A mill, and covers a ground space of 
 100x240 feet. Its height is eight stories above the 
 canal, wliieh the east end of the building fronts. 
 From the platform over the canal, to the top of 
 the cupola, is 158 feet. The waUs are of stone, 
 five feet thick at the base, tapermg to three feet, 
 which thickness is maintained to the third story. 
 From this they taper to twenty inches at the top.
 
 FLOURING MILLS. 
 
 395 
 
 The walls and wheel-pits contain 371 ,250 cubic feet 
 of masonry, and the timberused, exceeds 2,750,000 
 feet. One-half the mill is on the ground occu- 
 pied by the old Waslibuni A. The building was 
 begun immediately after the destruction of the 
 old mill, rising phcenix-like from the ashes 
 of its predecessor, but to greater dimensions and 
 grander achievements. During the completion of 
 the C mill, work on the A mill was suspended 
 until the spring of 1S70, and al)()ut the last of 
 Jmie, 1880, it was fhiished, and one-half of it in 
 operation. It is built nu tlie dual plan, and it 
 required five months, with a large working force, 
 to adjust the machinery in the part first put in 
 operation. Some idea of its magnitude may be 
 gained from the fact that nearly one thousand 
 bushels of wheat were recpiired to fill it up be- 
 fore the flour reached the packers. 
 
 The completed part started with a capacity of 
 1,500 barrels jser day, employing seventy-five 
 men, at a weekly expense of $1,000. The full 
 capacity of the mill is 3,000 barrels. It is fm'- 
 nished with all the modern improvements in the 
 milling art, and its product is eagerly sought by 
 foreign purchasers. The lessons taught by the 
 terrible disaster of May 2d, 1878, have not been 
 lost in the construction and management of this 
 mUl. The scrupulous cleanliness of the rooms, 
 and the ingenious appliances for straining the 
 air from the purifiers, thus preventing the haz- 
 ardous accumulations of dust, effectually ban- 
 ishes the fear of such a catasthrophe as visited 
 the mills in 1878. 
 
 Adjoinmg the mill on the north-cast corner, is 
 a two-story addition 24x45 feet, on the upper 
 floor of which are the business offices of the mill, 
 and on the ground floor, the elegant rooms used 
 by C. C. "\7ashburn, as his private oflice. 
 
 The whole structiu'e, as well as its furnishing, 
 shows the most accomplished workmanship, and 
 a lavish expenditure of wealth. " The North- 
 western Miller" of .Inly 2d, 1880, says of it: 
 "The mill as it stands, is a monument of Mr. 
 Washburn's indomitable energy and perseverance, 
 and a great credit to the city, for which its citi- 
 zens should feel very thankful to the public spir- 
 ited builder." 
 
 The "B" mill, built in 1866, is of stone, 60x90 
 feet on the ground, three stories liigh in front 
 
 and five in the rear. It is operated by a sixty- 
 inch turbine wheel of 700 horse-power. Above 
 the original mill is a story of wood, the front 
 end of which is used for a dust-room, and the 
 back end for machinery. It has thirty run 
 of stone, and its daily capacity is 500 baiTCls. 
 Twenty-five men are employed in this mill. 
 
 In size and capacity the "C" mill ranks next to 
 the "A," covering ground room of 95x145 feet, 
 besides a storehouse adjoining. 40x83 feet, and 
 five stories high, with a capacity of 80,000 bush- 
 els, exclusive of a large reserve space for storing 
 bran, and the necessary room for cleaning and 
 handling grain. It was first built in 1878. and 
 suffered considerable damage from the mill dis- 
 aster. In January, 1879, it was materially im- 
 proved and enlarged. Tlie first building had 
 eleven run of stone, to which thirty run were 
 added with tlie addition referred to. The mill 
 is six stories high, only four of which are visible 
 in front. It is operated by a sixty-inch American 
 turbine wheel, and uses 000 liorse-power. Sev- 
 enty-five men are employed in and about the mill. 
 Its capacity is 1 ,250 barrels per day. 
 
 Adjoinhig the A mill, on the site of the old Dia- 
 mond mill, is an elevator 35x94 feet, with a ca- 
 pacity of 80,000 bushels, besides necessary room 
 for cleaning, and storing bnui. 
 
 The "Cataract" mill was built by Eastman 
 and C4ibson, in 1859, and was the first stone mill 
 built at the falls. It has since been owned by 
 Judd and Brackett, from whose hands it went to 
 Commodore Davidson, and from him was pur- 
 chased, in 1872, by D. R. Barber and Son, by 
 whom it is owned and operated at present. The 
 building then occupied ground room 45x60 feet, 
 and was three stories liigh above the basement. 
 In 1875 another story was added, and in the fall 
 of 1879, an addition on the river side, of 20x45 
 feet, besides dust rooms, 16 feet high, built of 
 wood, and iron clad. The basement story is 18 
 feet high and the others from 15 to 18 feet. It 
 has six run of stone, ten sets of corrugated and 
 sixteen sets of smooth rollers. Its capacity is 500 
 barrels per day, using from 90 to 100 horse-power 
 with a reserve of 125 horse-power, furnished by 
 a 48 inch turbine wheel. Tlie mill is run night 
 and day, furnishing employment to twenty-five 
 workmen at an average weekly expense of §300. 
 The mill is valued at $80,(J00, and hke all the
 
 396 
 
 EISTOBY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 large mills at tliis point, semis its piddiict to 
 eastern cities and to Europe. 
 
 The "Arctic" mill, Ilobart and Sliuler proprie- 
 tors, located on the eastside of First street, is of 
 stoue, and was built by Perkins and Crocker in 
 1861. It is quadrilateral in form, fifty-five feet 
 front, lifty-five feet on the east and thirty feet on 
 the west end. It is six stories in height, includ- 
 ing the basement. It has eight run of stone and 
 six sets of rolls. A forty-eight inch turbine wheel 
 of two hundred and fifty horse-power drives the 
 machinery. This mill has a capacity of two hun- 
 dred and fifty barrels per day, and requires a 
 working force of ten men. 
 
 The '-I'rown Roller" mill. Christian, Brother 
 and Company, was built in 1879-80, and is one of 
 the largest mills at the falls. It is 124x145 feet 
 in size and seven stories in height. The stnic- 
 ture is of brick, with heavy stone foundation. 
 The machinery of this mill consists of one hun- 
 ch-ed and twenty-four sets of rolls, fifty-fom- of 
 which are corrugated, one hundred and eighty 
 piu'ifiers and eleven run of stone. Its wheel is a 
 turbine of forty-eight inches diameter. Tlie total 
 daily capacity of the mill is 2,40<l barrels. A 
 working force of sevent>' men is employed, at a 
 weekly expense of one thousand dollars. This 
 mill has also storage capacity for lll.OOd bushels 
 
 grain, and is valued at $300,000. 
 
 The "Dakota" mill was built in ISGT. and is a 
 frame stracture, 46x100 feet, four stories high 
 above basement. It is owned and operated by H. 
 F. Brown and Company. The equipment con- 
 sists of six run of stone, four sets of smooth and 
 one pair of corrugated rollers; the motive power 
 is furnished by a turbine wheel of two hundred 
 horse-power, one-half of which is used. Its daily 
 capacity is two hundred and fifty barrels, and ten 
 men are required in its operation. 
 
 The "Galaxy" mill, Cahill, Fletcher and Com- 
 pany, proprietors, was built in 1871 by W. V. 
 ^Vnkeuy, burned in 1874 and rebuilt the following 
 year. In 1877 it was purchased by Mr. Cahill, 
 and was destroyed in the mill "disaster" of May, 
 1878. In 1879, it was rebuilt by Cahill. Fletcher 
 and Company, the present owners and operators. 
 It is of stone and covers a space 65x100 feet; six 
 storifes high in front, and eight in the rear. The 
 mill has six run of stone, thirty sets of Stevens 
 rollers, sixteen sets of smooth rollers, iind twenty- 
 
 two Kirk jiurifiers. A 36-inch victor wheel of 
 two hinidred horse-power drives the machinery. 
 The capacity of the Galaxy mill is two hundred 
 barrels per day. Twenty-five men are employed, 
 whose wages amount in the aggregate to ?350 per 
 week. 
 
 The "Holly" mill was built of stone, in 1872, 
 and in 1878 was bought by Hinkle Bros., who are 
 the present owners. Its size is 50x65 feet, five 
 stories high above basement. It has six run of 
 stone and twelve sets of rollers, which are pro- 
 pelled by a forty-eight inch four hundred horse- 
 power turbine wheel. At present one hundred 
 and twenty-five horse-power is all that is required 
 to produce daily two lumdred barrels of flour. 
 The working force is fifteen men, who receive 
 $175 per week. 
 
 The "Humboldt" mill was erected on the east 
 side of Second street, between Seventh and 
 Eighth Avenues south, by Bull and Newton. It 
 is constructed of brick, 65x95 feet and four stories 
 high above the basement. The average height of 
 the stories is fourteen feet. The power is fur- 
 nished by a ^'ictor turbine wheel of one hundred 
 and fifty horse-power. Originally it was f lu'nished 
 with fourteen run of buhrs, but in the fall of 1880 
 it was refitted by Ilinkle, Greenleaf and Co., its 
 present operators, with forty sets of rollers and 
 ten run of stone, making its capacity seven hmid- 
 red barrels per day. The mill is valued at $85,000. 
 
 The "ilumeapolis" mUl, owned by Crocker, 
 Fisk and Co., was built in 1865, by Frazee, Mur- 
 phy and McIIerron. At the time it was furnished 
 with five run of stone and produced three 
 huniUed barrels per day. Destroyed by fire in 
 1871.it was immediately rebuilt by its present 
 owners, who increased its capacity to four hund- 
 red barrels per day. It is 55x60 feet, four stories 
 high, and requires the labor of sixteen men. In 
 1880 the roller system was adopted, using twenty 
 sets of smooth and corrugated rollers. 
 
 The "Model" mill, owned by Russell, Ilineline 
 and Company, is of stone, and was built in 1877, 
 by Russell, Roots and Crosen. It is five stories 
 high including basement, is 42x62 feet, and is 
 valued at $60,000. A 25-inch victor turbine wheel 
 of 100 horse-power propels seven ran of stone, five 
 sets of smooth and five of corrugated rollers, 
 which daily produce 250 barrels of fiour requir- 
 mg eight men at a weekly expense of $120.
 
 FLOUBINO MILLS. 
 
 397 
 
 The "North Star" mill, valued at §40,000, 
 built m 1870, by McMiillen and McIIerron, was 
 purchased of them Lu 1S71, by II. J. G. Croswell, 
 its present owTier. It is 45x100 feet, three stories 
 above basement, and has six run of stone and 
 three sets of rollers, for which power is furnished 
 by a 42-inch Dayton wheel. The establishment 
 daily produces 250 barrels of flour, requiring a 
 working force of ten men whose wages aggregate 
 1150 per week. 
 
 "Northwestern Roller" mill is owned by Sidle, 
 Fletcher, Holmes and Company. It was com- 
 pleted in January, IHSd, and is 50x107 feet, eight 
 stories high including basement and sub-base- 
 ment, and is callable of producing 1,000 barrels 
 per day, using a 44-inch turbine wheel of 600 
 horse-power. The mill is thoroughly equipped 
 with latest improvements in machinery, and re- 
 quires a working force of fifty-six men whose 
 aggregate wages average 1 ,200 per week. 
 
 The "Palisade" mill was built in 1872-3, at a 
 cost of about $100,000, by L. Day and Company. 
 It is 60x80 feet, four stories high in front and 
 six in the rear. The stories average twelve feet 
 in height. The macliinery consists of twelve 
 run of stone, sixteen sets of smooth and four 
 sets of corrugated rollers. It manufactures 500 
 barrels per day. The motive power is furnished 
 by two turbine wheels, one 36-inch of 295 horse- 
 power, and one 30-inch, of 194 horse-power. 
 This Arm pays fourteen men about |20u per 
 week. 
 
 The "Pettit" mill was lirst built in 1875 by 
 Pettit, Eobinson & Company, and after the great 
 disaster of May 2d, 1878, was rebuilt. It is 60x 
 100 feet, six full stories including basement. 
 Twenty nm of stone, twenty-three sets of smooth 
 and four sets of corrugated rollers, propelled by 
 a forty-eight-inch, 450 horse-power turbine wheel, 
 produce 800 barrels of flour per diem. The mill, 
 which is valued at $100,000, gives employment 
 to forty-five men whose salaries aggregate S500 
 per week. 
 
 The "Phoenix" mill, a stone structure, .50x66 
 feet, four stories high with basement, is located 
 at the corner of Main Street and Sixth Avenue. 
 S. E., and is valued- at $60,000. It is owned by 
 Stamwitz & Schober. Athirty-flve-mch tirrbine 
 wheel of fifty horse-power drives three run of 
 stone, five sets of smooth and six sets of corru- 
 
 gated rollers, which are capable of producing 200 
 barrels per day. 
 
 In 1879 the "Standard" mill was built by E. 
 V. White & Company, the present owners. It is 
 of brick with a heavy stone foimdation, is 50x155 
 feet, and sLx stories high, valued at $2(1(1,000. 
 A forty-four-inch victor turbine furnishes 600 
 horse-power to produce 1,200 barrels of flour 
 daily. It requires the labor of thirty-five men. 
 
 The "Trades" mill, a brick structure 40x59 
 feet, two-stories above basement, is owned by 
 Hawthorne Bros. It has three run of stone and 
 one pair of corrugated rollers foi' flour, and one 
 nui of stone for feed. Its capacity is 100 barrels 
 of flour per day. A 50-horse power engine op- 
 erates the machinery. 
 
 The " Union " mill built by Henry Gibson, in 
 1861, was the second stone mill on the west side. 
 It stands on the river side of the canal, foot of 
 First street, is 47Jx60 feet, and four full stories 
 high above the basement storj-. Its wheel is a 
 48-inch turbine, its capacity 200 barrels per day, 
 using 75 to 100 horse-power, with a reserve of 
 200. It has six run of stone, and employs ten 
 workmen, running night and day, at an average 
 yearly expense for wages, of $7,800. It is owned 
 and operated by G. W. Goodrich and T. 11. Per 
 kins — firm name G. W. Goodrich and Company. 
 Their principal sales are in Philadelphia, New 
 York, Boston and European cities, making heavy 
 shipments on orders from Liverpool, London and 
 Glasgow, about one-third of their business being 
 with the last named points. 
 
 The " Zenith" mill owned by Day and Rollins, 
 valued at $70,000, is a stone structure 40x102 feet, 
 five stories high. It was first built in 1870 — 1, 
 but was destroyed by the explosion of May 2d, 
 1878, and was rebuilt in November of the same 
 year. It has ten run of stone, eleven sets of 
 smooth, and four sets of corrugated rollers. A 
 48-inch turbine wheel of 200 horse power propels 
 the machinery. The capacity of the mill is 500 
 barrels per day. 
 
 The "North Star" feed mill, owned and operat- 
 ed by F. C. Rideout & Co., is located on Second 
 street and Fourteenth Avenue north. It is 30x40 
 feet, one and one-half stories Irigh; has two run 
 of stone and a seven-foot reel for bolting produce, 
 and is driven by a twenty-five horse-power engine. 
 This mill manufactures fifteen tons of feed daily.
 
 898 
 
 HISTOBY OF HEA^'NEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 This firm lias another feed mill in connection 
 with their store, at 401. Sixth Avenue south. It 
 has one run of stone, driven by a ten horse-power 
 engine. The capacity is five tons of feed per day. 
 
 J. E. Osborne's feed mill is located in the East- 
 man manufacturing building, on XicoUet Island. 
 It has one run of stone, which has a capacity of 
 one ton per hour. 
 
 Upton's grist mill, also located in the Eastman 
 manuufactiu'ing building, has two nni of stone. 
 and produces feed at the rate of one and one-half 
 tons per hour. The power is furnished by the 
 East Side Water Power Company, from a shaft 
 running throughout the entire building. In con- 
 nection with this mill, Mr. Upton has a fm-nace 
 and two revolving cylindei-s, each holding two 
 barrels, for roasting coffee, peanuts, etc. 
 
 The " Tower " mill, operated by Richards & 
 Cooley, owiied by Phillip Ilerzog, is situated on 
 Main street comer Third Avenue south-east. It 
 is nm as a gi'ist and feed mill, and contains one 
 nm of stone and a bolter for graham Hour, etc. 
 
 jiiller's association. 
 
 The Minneapolis Millers' Association was or- 
 ganized in 1867, with the following members: 
 Judd and Bracket!, Eastman and Cahill. Taylor 
 Brothfrs, Frazee and Muqjhy. Darrow Brothers 
 and Tomlinson, Perkins and Company. Officei-s: 
 president, George Brackett ; vice-president. W. 
 F. Cahill; secretary and agent, Dwight Putnam; 
 purchasing agent. O. Mays. In 1869 this asso- 
 ciation, to which the present organization owes 
 its existence, was dissolved. In 1875 the associa- 
 tion was revived, though agam as an experi- 
 mental institution, with representatives of seven- 
 teen large milhng estjiblishments as members. 
 The officers of the experimental association were: 
 president, D. E. Barber; secretary, F. B. :Mills; 
 general agent. W. 11. Dunwoody; The object of 
 the organization was to provide against dangerous 
 competition among purchaser, and the purchase 
 of wheat was put into the hands of one general 
 agent, with sole charge of local buyers at all in- 
 terior points as well as proper distribution upon 
 its arrival at Minneapolis, pro rata among the 
 members of the association, according to the ca- 
 pacity of their respective mills. Money was fm- 
 nished by the members for purchases when called 
 for by the general agent 
 
 The temporary organization took a permanent 
 form m 1876. as a corix>rate body m accordance 
 with the laws of the state, with the following 
 incorporators: John A. Christian, C. 11. Pettit, 
 Vr. p. Ankeny. Leonard Day, J. S. Pillsbury, C. 
 G. Hazard. D. K. Barber, George "W. Crocker, 
 Carroll T. Ilobart. M. AV. (ietchell, II. J. G. 
 Croswell. M. B. Rollins, William F. CahiU, F. B. 
 Mills, G. Schober, Henry Darrow, and B. S. Bull. 
 
 The firet president of the reorganized association 
 was W. P. Ankeny ; secretary, C. G. Hazard, 
 and general agent, C, S. Bunker. The stock of 
 the company was increased from 835,000 to S75,- 
 000, distributed in shares of S50 each. The mem- 
 bership is open to any co-partnership, corporation 
 or individual operating a tlouring-mill in Henne- 
 pin county, on subscribing and paying for at 
 least twelve shares of the stock. Of the total 
 359 run of stone in Minneapolis in 1880, 340 are 
 represented. 
 
 The total amount of wheat purchased by the 
 association, of the crop of 1879-80, up to Decem- 
 ber 30th, was 12.826,899 bushels. The grand total 
 of the purchases of the association from June 1st, 
 1875, to December 30th, 1880, was 29,044,118 
 bushels. The prices maintained by the associa- 
 tion during its existence prove it far from antag- 
 onistic to the interest of producere, for prices 
 have ruled higher relatively, for wheat of equal 
 quality in MimieapoUs than in Chicago or Mil- 
 waukee. By their position as consumers, one 
 profit is saved, which enables the association to 
 pay higher prices than middle men can aff^ord. 
 
 The present officers of the association are : 
 president, "W. H. Dunwoody ; vice president, 
 AV. F. Cahill; secretary, F. II. Greenleaf ; treas- 
 urer, D. R. Barber; general agent, E. B. An- 
 (b-ews: board of directors, C. C. Washbuni. John 
 Crosliy. \V. II. Dunwoody, C. J. ilartin. L. 
 Christian. C. M. llardeubergh, J. A. Christian, 
 E. V. White. D. Morrison, H. E. Fletcher, J. K. 
 Sidle. C. A. Pillsbury, W. F. CahUl, L. Day, Geo. 
 W. Crocker, M. B. Rollins. D. R. Barber, F. L. 
 Greenleaf. F. S. llinkle. W. H. Hiidile, and G. 
 Schober. 
 
 ELEVATORS. 
 
 The ^linneapolis Elevator Company was or- 
 ganized as a stock company under the general laws 
 of the state, in 1879, with a capital stock of 
 §500,000. Elevator A, located on Chestnut
 
 ELEV ATOMS. 
 
 399 
 
 Avenue, near the city limits, was built in 1879 
 and the first wheat taken in January 20th, 1880. 
 The building occupies a space of 86x182 feet on 
 the ground and rises to a height of 147 feet 
 from tlie fomidations. Tlie latter are twelve feet 
 in depth and the superstructure is of the heaviest 
 timber, covered with corrugated sheet iron, which 
 makes it practically fh-e-proof. This elevator, 
 wliicli was built at a cost of $150,000, is the 
 largest and most complete in its appointments of 
 any in the west, the total capacity lieing 780,000 
 bushels. The an-angemeut of bins, and the ma- 
 chinery for unloading and elevating grain are of 
 the latest improved patterns, the ludoading ap- 
 paratus being especially ingenious. Two men, 
 with the aid of shovels operated by steam power, 
 being enabled to unload a car containing four 
 hinidred bushels of wheat, in four minutes. 
 
 An engine room of brick, 30x40 feet, in which 
 a Corliss engine of two hundred and twenty-five 
 horse power is placed, is located west of the ele- 
 vator. This engine is the only one of the kind 
 in use west of Milwaukee and is a fine piece of 
 workmanship. Its fly-wheel is seventeen feet in 
 in diameter, and the main shaft fly-wheel of six- 
 teen feet diameter. The tracks of the St. Paul, 
 Minneapolis and Manitoba, and the Minneapolis 
 and St. Louis railways, pass the elevator, the 
 greater part of the grain handled coming over 
 these roads from the great wheat fields of the 
 Northwest and from Southern Minnesota and 
 Northern Iowa. The oflicers of the company are, 
 L. Fletcher, president; C. II. Petitt, treasiu-er; F. 
 S. Hinkle, secretary; and C. W. Tracy, superin- 
 tendent. 
 
 The Union Elevator was erected in 1867 by a 
 stock company, the members of whicli were W. 
 W. Eastman, A. H. Wilder, Col. Merriam and 
 D. C. Shepherd, known as the Union Elevator 
 Company. It is located on Washington Avemie, 
 comer of Ninth Avenue south, and is now known 
 as Union Elevator Station, on the Chicago, Mil- 
 wauke and St. Paul Railway. For ten years it 
 was operated by tlie elevator company, the rail- 
 way company paying one and one-half cents per 
 bushel for handling grain. In 1877, the railway 
 company, purchased the elevator and has since 
 continued its management, using it exclusively 
 for gi-ain carried over that line. The capacity 
 of the elevator is 130,000 bushels. Mr. E. E. 
 
 Holt, the present agent, has been in charge for 
 the past twelve years. 
 
 The Pacific Elevator is located on Washing- 
 ton, corner of Fourth Avenue north, at the cross- 
 ing of the St. Paul, Minneapolis and ^Manitoba 
 Railway. It was erected in 1868, Ijy W . F. David- 
 son, and has since been under his control. The 
 building is 50x80 feet, and 120 feet hi height, the 
 capacity being 85,000 bushels. The number of 
 bushels handled amounting annually to from five 
 to seven hundred thousand. The receipts are 
 from the St. Paul, Minneapolis and Manitoba, and 
 the Minneaiiolis and St. Louis railways. The 
 elevator is furnished with a thirty horse jiower 
 engine of the Ames pattern. Six men find em- 
 ployment at this elevator, under the supervision 
 of Mr. J. F. Low, who has been in charge since 
 September, 1870. In 1874, Mr. Low, by working 
 a force day and night passed one million bushels 
 of grain through this elevator. 
 
 The Pillsbury Elevator is located on Como 
 Avenue, on tlie east side, on the St. Paul, ^linne- 
 apolis and Manitoba and Northern Pacific rail- 
 ways. It was built in 1880-81 , for the piu'pose of 
 storing gram for the use of the A mill, and has a 
 capacity of 250,000 bushels. The cost of the 
 building, including the seventy-five horse-power 
 engine, was $25,000. 
 
 The Central Elevator was built in 1881. by a 
 company known as the Central Elevator Company, 
 composed of Huntington, Potter and Ermen- 
 trout. This elevator has a capacity for 150,- 
 000 bushels. In its construction 700,000 feet of 
 lumber w'ere used. Cost of the structure was 
 about $25,000. A sixty-five horse-power engine 
 supplies motive power for the machinery. It is 
 located on the line of the St. Paul, Minneapolis 
 and Manitoba Railway, at the crossing of IIol- 
 den Street, and is intended for the storage of 
 coarse grains only. 
 
 The necessity for large store-houses for wheat 
 was one long felt in this city, and led to the erec- 
 tion of the elevators just described. At times, 
 some of the mills have been obliged to close, on 
 accoiuit of short supplies of wheat, but the con- 
 struction of these elevators, w^ith a total capacity 
 for storing 1,500,000 bushels of grain, affiu-d the 
 millers reservoirs from which they can draw^ at all 
 times, and have no fear of creating a shortage.
 
 400 
 
 HISTORY OF HENNHPIN COUNTY. 
 
 CHAPTER LXIV. 
 
 WATEIt roWKK COJIl'ANIES— IMtODlCT OF H'M- 
 HKK— liOOJI lOMrANIKS— LVMBEIt 5III-LS. 
 
 Saint Anthony i'alls Water Power Company. 
 ]5y an act aiiproved February 26th, 1856, the 
 Sahit Anthony Falls Water Power Comiiany was 
 incorporated for the pui-pose of improving the 
 water power on the east side. The following 
 gentlemen apiiear as incorporators: Franklin 
 Steele. John F. A. Sanford. Frederick C. Geb- 
 hardt. Richard Chute and John S. Prince. The 
 capital stock was placed at $16n.ono. divided into 
 shares of ^100 each. The act authorized Frank- 
 lin Steele to call the tirst meeting and act as pres- 
 ident pro tem., imtil a president should be elected 
 regularly. The act also provided that the officers 
 of the company shoidd be a president, secretary, 
 treasurer and three directors, with power to in- 
 crease the number of directors by a majority 
 vote of the stock. The first meeting was held in 
 18.5(i. in Xew York city, pureuantto a call issued 
 by :Mr. Steele, which was attended by all the cor- 
 porators. The otticers elected were: Franklin 
 Steele, president; Richard Chute, secretary and 
 treasurer; and Franklin Steele, Thomas E.Davis, 
 Fred. C. (iebhardt, John S. Prince. Richard 
 Cliute and John F. A. Sanford. directors. 
 
 A (piestion arose as to the legality and validity 
 of the organization, on accoiuit of the tirst meet- 
 ing being held outside the territory of Minnesota, 
 and in 1857 an act was passed, legalizing the ac- 
 tion of the New York meeting; also allowing 
 meetings to l)e held in the territory only. In 
 1866 an act was passed, which gave the corpora- 
 tion the privilege of holding meetings at any place 
 its officers might deem most convenient. In 1871 
 an act was i)assed authorizing the company to 
 change its corporate name and changing the offi- 
 cial list to that of iiresident aiul twelve directors, 
 but made no provision for secretary and treasurer, 
 consequently was not accepted by the company, 
 as it was not ])assed at its request. In 1S75 an 
 amendatory act was passed, providing that the 
 officers of the company should be, president, sec- 
 retary, treasurer and six dircctois. permitting the 
 stock-holders to increase or diminish the number 
 of directors by a majority vote, also allowing 
 
 them to issue one or more classes of preferred 
 stock and to cany on any kind of mechanical or 
 manufacturing business. The capital stock was 
 hicreased to S640.n00. and April 16th, 1880, the 
 whole was purchased by James J. Hill, acting for 
 a syndicate. The officers of the company are R. 
 
 B. Angus, president; JIdward Sawyer, seerefairy 
 iind treasurer; R. 15. Angus, James J. Hill and 
 Edward Sawyer, board of directors. 
 
 The Minneapolis Mill Company was incorpor- 
 ated Februarj- 27th, 1856, for the purpose of im- 
 proving the water power at St. Anthony Falls, 
 from the center of the main channel to the west 
 side. The incoi-porators were, Roswell P. Rus- 
 sell. M. L. Olds, (ieorge E. Huy, Jacob Elliot, 
 Robert H. Smith, U. Morrison, lieorge K. Swift, 
 
 C. C. Washburn, Leonard Day, J. JiT. Newton, B. 
 F. Brown and B. F. Friday. The first officere of 
 the company were, Robert Smith, president; D. 
 Morrison, treasurer, and George E. liny, secre- 
 tary. The board of directors R. P. Russell, 1). 
 Jilorrison and Jacob Elliot. This company own 
 a number of mill sites located upon the canal con- 
 structed by them, and also operate the lumber 
 mills, known as the Platform ^lills. The present 
 officers of the company are, C. C. Washburn, 
 president; W. D. Hale, secretary, and H. H. 
 Douglass, engineer and agent. The business 
 office of the company is on the canal, at the foot 
 of Sixth Avenue south. 
 
 The business to which Mimieapolis owed its 
 growth entirely for many years was that of lum- 
 ber. This industry has been extended and is 
 now one of vast dimensions. Situated near the 
 southern boundary of the extensive pineries, the 
 falls w^ere firet utilized in reducing its logs to lum- 
 ber. Providentially, in these extensive forests 
 lumber for building, and wood for fuel was stored 
 centiu'ies ago, a fortunate provision against the 
 inclemency of the vigorous climate. 
 
 Every ray of sunshine ever shed here has been 
 acciunuhding in various forms of pent up heat, 
 waiting for the progress of civilization with its 
 subtle alchemy to utilize it for comfort and for 
 the development of the resources of the countrv. 
 livery log that comes down the river bears testi- 
 mony l)y the rings of its successive year's growth, 
 to the preparation of centuries for the habitation 
 of enlightened men. Important and necessary 
 as this material is to the welfare and progress of
 
 B003I COMPANIES. 
 
 401 
 
 the country, it is nevertlieless true tiiat tlie de- 
 struction of the forest wliieh it entails, may at 
 some future day he a source of regret, for forests 
 exercise a modifying influence on climate and 
 rain fall, and Ijesides add greath' to the beauty 
 of a coimtry, easy to destroy but diflicidt to re- 
 place. Still lumber for building and wood to 
 bum must be had, and Minneapolis is well sup- 
 plied with botli. 
 
 Twelve lumber mills located at Minneapolis 
 furnished, in 1879, 149,754,547 feet of lumber; in 
 1880, 195,4;)2,182 feet, 67,058,500 shingles and 
 31,432,500 lath. The waste from these mills 
 furnishes summer fuel to the citizens and pro- 
 vides a large portion of the wood supply of the 
 city. Employment is funushed by them to a vast 
 number of men, who are seen in the fall in pic- 
 turesque costume, conspicuous by flaming red 
 frocks and buskins, preparing for their winter 
 camps in the pineries. Again they appear on tlie 
 streets in March, with the earnings of the whiter 
 in their pockets, but out of employment until 
 the ice goes out of the river, which usually hap- 
 pens aljout the middle of April. During the few 
 weeks of interim between the breaking up of the 
 lumber camps and the opening of the river and 
 starting of saw-mills, thousands of idle men 
 spend too freely the hard earned wages of the 
 winter, and often make the streets noisy by dis- 
 orderly carousals. Some are, however, employed 
 in the necessary work of breaking up the ice, a 
 work done amuially in the spring, from the falls 
 up two miles on the river, by the use of saws and 
 dynamite t(j avoid the dangers attending an ice 
 blockade which would be inevitable, where ice 
 forms during the winter to a thickness of three 
 or four feet. After the season opens, sparks fly 
 from the high chimneys, and the hum of the 
 busy saws continues night and day. The logs, 
 resulting from the winter's work ui the upper 
 streams come down in great numbers guided to 
 their respective destinations by the booms of the 
 boom company. 
 
 The Mississippi Boom Company, F. Steele, J. 
 R. Brown, Daniel Stanchlield, and their assistant 
 construction company, was chartered February 
 3d, 1851, for a term of fifteen years, subject to 
 alteration and amendment after five years. Cap- 
 ital stock was placed at §25,000, and shares at 
 
 $100. Stock-holders liable between St. Paul and 
 26 
 
 St. Anthony. They were permitted to charge for 
 all logs sorted, rafted and delivered at foot of 
 boom, fifty cents per thousand, besides scalage, 
 or cost of measurement. 
 
 The St. Anthony Boom Company, W. Getohell, 
 F. Steele, J. G. Lennon, S. W. Farnham, Ard 
 Godfrey, Joseph Libbey and assistant construc- 
 tion company, was organized, their charges being 
 forty cents per thousand. These companies were 
 subsequently merged into the Mississippi and 
 Rum River Boom Company. On November 29th, 
 1856, a meeting was held by the projectors of this 
 company, and articles of incorporation drawn up, 
 in expectation of recognition at the ensuing ses- 
 sion of the territorial legislature, and stock to the 
 amount of 59,200 subscribed. March 21st, 1857, 
 the act of incorporation was passed, with capital 
 stock at $15,000. The first board of directors was 
 composed of C. F. Stimson, R. Chute, J. B. Bas- 
 sett, John R. Lovejoy and D. M. Hall. The first 
 regular meeting was held November 29th, 1856 
 and the following officers elected: John S. 
 Prince, president; G. W. Buckmore, vice-presi- 
 dent and James A. Lovejoy, secretary. At that 
 time the limits of the company extended from the 
 limits of the St. Anthony Boom Company four 
 miles above the falls, to a point five miles up 
 Rum river. In 1862, by il legislative act, the 
 limits were extended up the Mississippi to Crow- 
 river and down to Nicollet Island. This act took 
 from them all jurisdiction on Rum river. In 
 
 1867, another amending act, enabled them to in- 
 crease their capital stock to $100,000, as fast as 
 imjirovements in the river were made, and also to 
 condemn lands needed for imiu'ovement. and reg- 
 ulate the admission and discharge of logs. In 
 
 1868, the limits were extended up Rum river to 
 Cedar creek, and in 1877 extended up the Missis- 
 sippi to Monticello, the present boundary. The 
 officers of the company are: S. H. Chute, presi- 
 dent; O. C. Merriman, vice-president; James A. 
 Lovejoy, secretary and S. B. Lovejoy. treasurer. 
 Board of Directors. S. II. Chute, O. C. Merriman, 
 James A. Lovejoy, J. Dean and L. Day. The 
 business office of the company is at Xo. 36, Cen- 
 tral avenue. 
 
 In 1850, S. W. Farnham commenced the man- 
 ufacture of lumber in the first saw-mill at Saint 
 Anthony, the one erected by Franklin Steele in 
 1847-8. The equipment of the mill was but one
 
 402 
 
 HISTOBY OF HENNEPIX COUNTY. 
 
 sasb-saw and one sash-niacliine. Mi*. Fambam 
 seem'' to bave got the mills in fail- working order, 
 as be states that from 18-52 to ISoo. the annual 
 protluction was 1.200,000 feet of lumber. In 
 1855 Mr. Farnbam retired from the lumber lousi- 
 ness, but in 1859 be again engaged in it at the 
 present location of the Farnham & Lovejoy mill 
 on Hennepin Island. The establishment then 
 contained one muley saw, two rotaries, one 
 sliingle and one lath machine, and furnished 
 employment to fifty men. producing amiually 
 from three to four million feet. In 1861 J. A. 
 Lovejoy became a partner, and the mill was im- 
 proved and new machinery added. From that 
 time until 1873, when the mill was destiwed by 
 fire, the production amounted to from nine to 
 twelve millions amuiaUy. The mill was rebuilt 
 and began sawing Hay 1st, 1874, with two double 
 circulars, one forty-saw gang, two doulile edgers. 
 and other necessary machinery. The mill is in 
 size 65x140 feet, and produces yearly twenty-live 
 million feet of lumber. One himdred and fifty 
 men find employment with this company. In 
 connection with the hmiber mill the firm bave a 
 planing-miU and dry-house located on the corner of 
 Sixth Street and First Avenue north-east, 
 the building and yard occupying one acre of 
 groimd. Foiur planers and other minor ma- 
 chines are operated, driven by an engine of one 
 hundred and forty horse-power. There is also 
 one dry kiln containmg four stalls. 
 
 The Butler Mill, built in 1877, by L. Uutler, 
 was in the fall of 1879 purchased by Eastman, 
 Bovey. and Co. This mill is oO.xloO feet, located 
 on the East Side [ilatform. The machinery, con- 
 sisting of one gang of saws, one double circular, 
 one double block shingle machine, edgers, trim- 
 mers, etc., is propelled by a tmbuie water wheel 
 of one hundred and eight\- horse-power. The 
 capacity is 80,000 feet of liunber, 50,000 shingles 
 and 20,000 lath per diem, and the entire cut for 
 1880. amounts to about 13.000,000. The company 
 employs upwards of eighty men and the pay roll 
 is about $5,000 per montli. The valuation of the 
 structure is $30,000. 
 
 In 18B9 Eastman and Bovey bought of the ^lia- 
 neapolis MiU Company, the Pioneer ilill, located 
 on the West Side platform next to the river. In 
 1871 the firm was increased by the addition of H. 
 
 D. Eastman. In 1879 Mr. W. W. Eastman re- 
 tired from the company. 
 
 The J. B. Bassett and Co. saw mill, located at 
 the foot of Fifth Avenue south, was buUt in 1870, 
 by its present owners. The building. 80x100 feet, 
 is equipped with one double circular, one forty- 
 saw gang, one sliingle and one lath machine, five 
 planers, one re-s;»wing machine, edgei-s. trim- 
 mers, and all the fixtures belonging to a first class 
 saw-miU. The motive power is furnished by a 
 sixty inch turbine wheel of two hundred horse 
 power, one liundied and twenty-five of which is 
 used to produce daily 90,000 feet of lumber, 30,000 
 shingles and 30.000 lath. The valuation of the 
 mill is $60,000, and it requires sixty men to operate 
 it, «ith a pay roll of S3,o00 per month. In con- 
 nection with this miU is a thoroughly equipped 
 planing mill. 
 
 Capt. John Rolhns built the " Rollins " saw- 
 mill ill 1871, and operated it untU 1873. At that 
 time it produced from 40,000 to 50,000 feet of 
 lumber daily, using one twenty-four-saw gang, 
 one double circular and one lath machine, run by 
 an 150 horse-power engine. With an mcreased 
 capacity of 75,000 feet per day, it produced in 
 1880, about 7,500.000 feet. F. P. Clark, who 
 now owns the mill, purchased it in 1873, and put 
 in a patent trimmer. lie employs about one 
 hundi-ed men in null and yards. 
 
 ^lill Xo. 2, on the east side platform was buUt 
 by Todd, Conner and Gaines, in 1870 — 1. About 
 1876 or 1877, Frederick Butterfleld became the 
 owner and allowed it to lie itUe until April 1st, 
 1880, when Cole and Hammond leased, and still 
 operate it. Shortly after the date of this lease, 
 W. W. Eastman purchased and now owns the 
 mill. A fifty-four inch, 200 horse-power turbine 
 wheel propels one double fleet gang, two double 
 rotaries, a shingle and lath machine, which man- 
 ufacture daily 100,000 feet of lumber, 45,000 
 shingles and 30,000 lath, requiring eighty men to 
 operate. 
 
 The Platform miUs are owned and operated by 
 the Jlinneapolis Mill Company, of which C. C. 
 Washburn is president. V>'. D. Hale, secretary, 
 and H. H. Douglass, engineer and agent. The 
 company control seven of the mills on the plat- 
 form, viz: Pioneer mill producing 15,000,000 
 feet, of lumber annually, with one gang and one 
 circular ; the Day mill havuig one gang and one
 
 LUMBER MILLS. 
 
 403 
 
 circular, makes 10,000,000 feet per annum ; Jones, 
 one gang and one circular, 17,000,000; Crocker 
 mill, one gang and one circular, 8,000,000 ; Lin- 
 coln, two gangs and one circular, 18,000,000 ; 
 Pettit, one gang and one circular. lO.dOO.OOO. 
 The Morrison mill is at present dismantled and 
 idle. 
 
 The Goodnow and Ilawley mill was built in 
 1S71, on the site of the mill known as the "Mof- 
 fat Mill," corner of First street and Fourth 
 Avenue north, a small structure with a few circu- 
 lar saws and devoted principally to the manufac- 
 ture of doors, sash and blinds. In 1873 Mr. Mof- 
 fat sold to Mr. Bedford who took as partners 
 Messrs. Boyce and Baker. The mill was by this 
 firm enlarged and new machinery added. In 
 1875, it passed into the hands of W. C. Baker who 
 operated it until 1878, when he leased it for a term 
 of years to Goodnow and Ilawley, the present pro- 
 prietors. Tlie capacity of the mill during a ten 
 hours run is 75,000 feet of lumber, 35,000 sliingles, 
 and 15,000 lath. The machinery consists of one 
 twenty-six-saw gang, one rotary saw, one shingle' 
 and one lath machine, operated by an engine of 
 150 horse-power. The firm employs 1-10 men, 
 and its pay roll amounts to |6,000 per month. In 
 1879, Messrs. Goodnow and Ilawley rebuilt and 
 improved the mill throughout. Its size is 40x80 
 feet. 
 
 Mill No. 1, on the East Side platform, owned 
 by Merriman, Barrows and Company, built by 
 L. Butler, in 1870-71, is run by a 200 horse-power 
 wheel, and gives employment to 150 men, whose 
 pay amounts to .f7,o(lO per month. It was op- 
 erated three years by L. Butler and Company, 
 then passed into the hands of O. C. Merriman 
 and Company, who run it four years, when the 
 present firm of ilerriman. Barrows and Com- 
 pany was organized, and took possession. This 
 firm consists of O. C. Merriman, J. S. Lane, L. 
 M. Lane and F. C. Barrows. The daily product 
 of this concern is 120,1100 feet, the machinery 
 used being a thirty-eight-saw gang, two circulars, 
 two shingle machines, making 46,000 shingles, 
 and two lath machines making 20,000 lath per 
 day. 
 
 In 1872, McMullen & Company built a mill on 
 the site of their present structure, known as 
 "Saw-mill No. 5," located on the East Side plat- 
 form. Its capacity was 25,000 feet of lumber and 
 
 250,000 shingles every ten hours. In the winter of 
 1878- '9 this mill was found inadequate, and rebuilt 
 and fitted with entirely new machinery. This in- 
 creased its capacity to from 80,000 to 90,000 feet 
 of lumber, 100.000 shingles and 30,000 lath every 
 ten hours. The power is furnished by a flfty- 
 four-inch, 250 horse-power turbine wheel. The 
 company employs from 150 to 200 men, and 
 theh' pay-roll amounts to |;8,000 per month. 
 The product of 1880 amounted to 20,000,000 feet 
 of lumber, 15,000,000 shingles and 4,000,000 lath. 
 The firm is composed of Jas. McMullen and two 
 sons, Albert E. and Wilbur II. 
 
 Mill No. 3, on the East Side platform, built by 
 Todd, Haven, Leavitt & Company, in 1873, is 
 now owned by Todd, Martin & Companj-. The 
 machinery, gang saw, one double rotary saw, one 
 single and one double shingle machine and one 
 lath machine, produces daily over 90,000 feet of 
 lumber etc. The motive power is a 200 horse- 
 power wheel. The company employs sixty men, 
 paying them !|^4,500 per month. 
 
 The " Pacific Mill, " owned by Camp and 
 Walker. Tliis mill is located on the west side, 
 just above the suspension bridge, and is called 
 the largest and most thoroughly equipped lumber 
 mill in the country. The original mill was built 
 in isiio, by J. Dean and Company, who conducted 
 it until 1876, when the present firm became its 
 proprietors. The old mill was destroyed by fire, 
 October Gth, 1880, and the firm began at once to 
 rebuild. The mill is in size 66x132 feet, its 
 construction and machinery costing about $85,- 
 000. Steam is generated by nine two-flue boilers, 
 22 feet in length, the engine being of 600 horse- 
 power when using steam pressure of eighty 
 pounds. The immense smoke-stack, the founda- 
 tions of wiiich extend fifteen feet in depth, is 150 
 feet in height, and in its construction, more brick 
 were used, than are in the Nicollet House. The 
 foundations for the main shaft, gangs and circu- 
 lar mills, are of solid masonry, built up from the 
 ledge below. There are two large circular mills, 
 with steam feed and canters, one Wick's gang 
 of thirty saws, and one twenty-six-saw gang, 
 besides the necessary minor machinery, all of 
 modern improved make. The estimated product 
 of the mill, is 150,000 feet in ten hours and 25,- 
 (100,000 feet annually. In 1880, the product of 
 the old mill was 14,036,000 feet of lumber, 15,-
 
 404 
 
 HISTOBY OF RENJSTEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 000,000 shingles aiid «.000,000 lath. This tirm 
 fimiishes employment to 200 men. in the mill 
 and in their extensive logging operations. 
 
 Tlie sash, door and blind factory of Bard well, 
 Robinson & Co.. located at the foot of Thirteenth 
 Avenue south, was estaltlished by Bisbee.Bardwell 
 & Huntington in the spring of 1875. In the faU 
 of that year Mr. Huntington retired, and in the 
 spring of 1876 P. P. Eddy entered the firm. The 
 following fall Mr. Bisbee sold to S. C. Eobinson, 
 and in January, 1877, Mr. Eddy was succeeded 
 by C. N. Robinson, and the firm has since been 
 Bardwell, Robinson & Co. They cut their own 
 logs and have them manufactured into lumber, 
 of which they annually use 2,500,000 feet, besides 
 1,000,000 feet which they purchase. Their trade, 
 which amounts to one hundred and fifty thousand 
 dollars per year, extends in all directions, and is 
 steadily increasing. They employ one hundred 
 men, paying them three thousand dollare per 
 month. 
 
 Camp and Walker's planing mill is on the cor- 
 ner of Fifth street and Fourth Avenue north. Its 
 size is 50x100 feet, contains three planing ma- 
 chines, one siding machine and one rip saw, pro- 
 pelled by a sixty horse-power engine. The engine 
 room and office is a two stoiy brick 18x40 feet. 
 The work done by this mill is exclusively on lum- 
 ber manufactured liy the Pacific Mills, belonging 
 to the same timi. It furnishes employment to 
 ten men. 
 
 Johnson and IIurd"s planing mill on Third 
 street and Third Avenue south,was erected in 1866 
 by Jesse Copeland and Co. Between this date and 
 1870, several changes were made in tlie firm. At 
 this time Mr. Johnson pm-chased of L. Lingen" 
 feller three-fifths interest in the business and his 
 partners were Jesse and Frank Copeland. who 
 omied the remaining two-fifths interest. The 
 mill was then 50x100 feet, and two Etories high, 
 containing three planing machines, a quantity of 
 sash and door machinery, and a thirty horse-power 
 engine. In 1871. Mr. Johnson purchased Jesse 
 Copeland's interest and enlarged the mill. In the 
 spring of 1876 he purchased Frank Copeland"s in- 
 terest and conducteil the business alone for a 
 year. In March, 1877, Mr. Johnson formed a 
 stock company, known as S. L. Johnson and Co. 
 In April, 1880, B. C. Ilurd having purchased all 
 of the stock except Johnson's, the name became 
 
 Johnson and Hurd. They employ forty men, pay 
 S2.()00 per month and enjoy an annual business 
 of about S7o,000. 
 
 Henry T. Welles built the Xorth Star planing 
 mill, on River street, comer of Third Avenue 
 north-east, in the fall of 1877. and two years later 
 Joy and Erb leased it for a period of five years. 
 Mr. Joy manages the North Star, while Mr, Erb 
 superintends Goodnow and Hawley's mill. The 
 mill contains three planing machines, one siding 
 saw, one re-sawing machine and one rip saw. A 
 forty-five horse-power engine furnishes power to 
 plane 35.000 feet of lumber per day. 
 
 The planing mill of R. B. Langdon and Co. 
 was erected on Third street, near Tenth Avenue 
 south, in 1872, by the firm, and has been in con- 
 tinuous operation since, planing, and manufactur- 
 ing mouldings. The building is 80x100 feet, has 
 five planers, siding and rip saws, driven by a one 
 hundred horse-power engine. The annual pro- 
 duct is from 10.000.000 to 15,000,000 feet, which 
 requii-es sixteen men to handle. 
 
 E. Moulton and Son's planing mill, comer of 
 Di\ision and Taylor streets. East Divisou, is 36x56 
 feet and was built in 1878. It contains two 
 planers and other machinery necessary to a first- 
 class mill. Employing twelve men. it has a ca- 
 pacity of 70.000 feet every ten bom's. Mr. Moul- 
 ton, who was in the business for sixteen years, 
 first built a mill on the island, which was de- 
 stroyed by the tunnel wash-out of 1868. 
 
 The St. Louis planing mill, Ninth street and 
 Central Avenue, was built in 1878, by W. 
 C. Stetson and B. F. Nelson. In March, 
 1879, the firm of Stetson and Nelson dissolved, 
 and Mr. Nelson continued alone mitU November 
 1, 1880, when it was leased for a year by the firm 
 of Nelson, Tenney and Co. The structure is 
 22x80 feet, all stone and iron. A low pressure 
 one hundred horse-power engine drives four 
 planers, one moulding machine, one siding saw, 
 and one rip saw. The company pays SI ,000 per 
 month to twenty-five men. who handle 80,000 
 feet of lumber daily. The firm of Nelson, Ten- 
 ney and Co. are heavy dealers in lumber, sash and 
 doore. occupying a yard containing three squares. 
 Mr. Nelson also owns the large sash factory 
 leased by Smith Parker and Co., who employ one 
 hundred men. This mill is operated by a low pres- 
 sure, one hundred and fifty horee-power engme.
 
 PLANING MILLS. 
 
 40.5 
 
 The East Side planing mill, on Fifth street near 
 the depot, was erected by Kiissell, Tennant 
 and Company, and staited up on September 
 20th, 1878. After this firm had conducted it 
 eighteen months, Mr. Tennant bonglit out the 
 other two gentlemen, and now owns and con- 
 trols the establishment alone. The building is 
 16x60 feet, and is fully equipped as a first-class 
 mill, tnrnhig out about 1,00(1,(100 feet per month, 
 requiring ten men, whose pay roll is about S40() 
 per month. 
 
 The sash, door and blind factory, and planing 
 mill of Wheaton, Reynolds and Company, Cen- 
 tral Avenue, corner of Sixth street, was built in 
 1870, by W. C. and H. A. Stetson. The origi- 
 nal building was 30x60 feet, but additions 
 have been made from year to year until the 
 establishment now consists of the sash factory, 
 40x110 feet, two-stories higli, planing mill 20x60 
 feet, one story, steam department 20x40 feet, dry 
 kiln 18x50 feet, and shed room covering space of 
 one acre ; one fifty and one thirty horse-power 
 engine furnish the power. The company em- 
 ploys sixty men, paying them $600 per week. 
 The business for 1880, was $100,000. Their 
 planing mill turns out 80,000 feet per diem. 
 
 Jenson, Gilbrathson and Company's planing- 
 mill and sash, door and blind factory was estab- 
 lished in 1880, on Kineteenth Avenue south. The 
 main building is two stories in height, .50 x 100 
 feet. The engine-room, containing a sixty-five 
 horse-power engine, is two stories in height, built 
 of stone. The second story of this building is 
 used as a drying-room. This mill is fitted up in 
 the most approved style ; has elevators, tele- 
 phones, etc. The members of the firm are : 
 James Jenson, business manager, J. N. Gilbrath- 
 son, supermtendent of factory, and W. II. 
 Stringer. 
 
 John Briggs built his shingle-mill on Water 
 Street, corner Tenth Avenue north-east, in the 
 spring of 1880, and commenced operations in 
 Jime. The structure is 22 x 75 feet, is operated 
 by a forty horse-power engine, and employs seven 
 men to run it. The machinery consists of 
 one shingle-machine, and another will be added. 
 
 P. G. Lamoreaux's shingle-mill occupies the 
 site of the Miinieapolis Lumber Mill, which was 
 burned in ]Ma\', 1880. It is located at the east 
 end of the upper bridge. The machinery con- 
 
 sists of one single and one double shingle-machine. 
 Mr. Lamoreaux has commenced to rebuild his 
 saw-mill, which will be 36x126 feet, containing 
 one gang and one circular saw. 
 
 Ilobart and Chatterton's mill, located at the 
 east end of the upper bridge, was buUt in 187(5. 
 The firm marmfactures cedar posts, telegraph 
 poles, piles, and shingles. A twenty-five horse- 
 power engine operates one shingle-machine, one 
 circular saw, and a trimmer, producing 25,000 
 shingles and from 2,000 to 3,000 posts per day. 
 The firm employs twenty-five men, whose pay roll 
 amounts to $900 per month. 
 
 The door, sash and blind factory of Frazer 
 and Shepherd, corner of Fifth street and Fourth 
 Avenue north, was built in January, 1879. The 
 factory consists of main buildmg, 30x64, two 
 stories high, dry-house, 18x24, and an addition 
 1 8 X 24. It is thoroughly equipped witli improved 
 machinery, and employs sixty men. The power 
 is furnished by the engine of the Camp and Walker 
 planing-miU, on the oi)posite side of the street, 
 and is transmitted by cable. 
 
 CHAPTER LXV. 
 
 IRON MANUFACTORIES MILL FURNISHEKS- 
 
 HARVESTBR WORKS— PLOW FACTORIES— MIS- 
 CELLANEOUS MANUFACTURERS. 
 
 The extensive milling interests, previously de- 
 scribed, necessarily make room for large manu- 
 factories of iron work. This is especially true 
 of the flouring mills in consequence of the pro- 
 gressive character of the business. No sooner is 
 a mill in running order than improved machines 
 are invented and introduced, furnishing employ- 
 ment to numerous shops. The heavy iron work 
 and the ornamental iron, brass and copper works 
 are represented by several firms, whose estab- 
 lishments, though from time to time extended, 
 are still overtaxed. The principal firms are the 
 North Star Iron Works Company; Minneapolis 
 Iron Works, O. A. Pray & Co.; the Union Iron 
 Works, J. E. Lockwood & Co.; Gregor Menzel 
 & Company; and the Northwestern Stove \\'orks,
 
 406 
 
 HISTORY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 Spear & Bushnell. Other extensive manufacto- 
 ries of wood, iron. etc.. find abundant patronage 
 from the demands of the city and surrounding 
 country, a demand increasing beyond the ability 
 of tlie present estaiilishnients to supply. Of the 
 eiglit>' different concerns, half have been es- 
 tablished during the last five years. The total 
 value of goods manufactured during the year 
 1879. inclusive of Hour and lumber, was ^8, loo,- 
 100, giving employment to o.47o men. In 1880 
 the amount was increased to 110,333,000, with 
 7,250 men employed. 
 
 The Minneapolis Iron Works of which O. A. 
 Pray and Company are proprietors, were origi- 
 nated by Otis A. Pray, who, in 1866, formed a 
 partnerehip with Jolm Webster. This firm was 
 organized for the manufacture of mill furn- 
 ishing and mill-wright goods. They opened 
 an office in Harrison's block, and during the whi- 
 ter began the erection of a brick building on 
 Washington Avenue, between First and Second 
 Avenues south. After conducting business here 
 for several years, the firm purchased a one-third 
 interest in the Minnesota Iron Works, which 
 were then owned by Lee and Ilardenbergh, and 
 occupied the site of the Cro^Ti EoUer Mill. 
 After remaining with this firm eleven months. 
 Mr. Pray sold his interest to Lee and Ilarden- 
 bergh, and purchased the machine shops of Plum- 
 mer and Moore, comer of Sixth Avenue south and 
 Second sti'eet. After conducting this business 
 for a few yeare. Mr. Pray sold to the North Star 
 Iron AVorks, arranging ^\ith them for the man- 
 ufacture of his goods, though he controlled their 
 sale. In 1873. he leased all of the Minnesota 
 Iron Works, excepting the foundry, which was 
 conducted by C. M. Hardenbergh, who continued 
 until 1876. when Mr. Pra,\' obtained control of 
 the entire works. 
 
 The present firm of O. A. Pi-ay and Company, 
 was formed June 1st, 1878, by the association 
 with A. L. Miner, who had been Mr. Pray's su- 
 perintendent since 1873, and C. E. Holt, his 
 head book-keeper since 1875. Adopting the 
 name of " MmneapoUs Iron Works," the new- 
 firm leased for ninety-nine years, the ground they 
 now occupy and immediately began the erection 
 of a new foundry and machine-shop. All the 
 tools and iiatterns of the old Miiniesota Iron 
 Works were piuchased, but as the tools were 
 
 worn, they were sold, the patterns valued at 
 SID.Ono, being retained. Purchasing new tools 
 and machinery, the firm rapidly completed the es- 
 tablishment which consists of a stone building 
 35x95 feet, two stories high, fronting on Fifth 
 Avenue south, corner of First street, the firet 
 floor being used for offices and the second for 
 ware-rooms ; a large fire proof vault adjoining 
 the office used to store bolting cloth ; a three- 
 story brick warehouse 32x330 ; two brick one 
 story machine-shops, one 50x100 feet, and the 
 other, used for wood work, 50x65 feet, and a 
 stone building 60x80, used as foundry and black- 
 smith shop. These buikUngs and materials of 
 the firm are worth not less than §100,000. They 
 employ from eighty to ninety men. and the sales 
 for 1880, amounted to about S300,000. 
 
 In addition to the large local sales, the com- 
 pany ships goods to all parts of the north-west. 
 Prominent among their splendid facilities for 
 manufacturing heavy iron goods, is a large bor- 
 ing machme for iron, one of the best in the 
 country, and the only machine in the west for 
 re-grinding crusher rolls. To facilitate shipping, 
 the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul have laid 
 to the shops, three side tracks which enables the 
 firm to fill large orders from abroad with prompt- 
 ness and dispatch, otherwise impossible. The 
 machinery is driven by a 50 horse-power Buckeye 
 engine and boiler, which is soon to be replaced 
 by more powerful machinery. 
 
 The shops are heated throughout by steam, and 
 in every department is manifest that complete 
 arrangement and precision which insures that 
 perfection upon which rests the popularity of this 
 prosperous manufactory. 
 
 Xorth Star Iron Works, which stand high in 
 the rank of American iron works, occupy two 
 and one-half acres of ground on River street and 
 Second Avenue north. Formerly this manufac- 
 tory was on the East Side, but when Mr. J. W. 
 Johnson came into the firm in 1870. it was re- 
 moved to its present location, and its capacity 
 increased by the introduction of the most prac- 
 tical and improved machinerv. So great was 
 the demand for its work that though operated 
 fourteen hours per day for months at a time, the 
 orders could not all be filled. In August, 1880, 
 Mr. Johnson disposed of the entire property to 
 the present proprietors, the North Star Iron
 
 IRON MANUFACTORIES. 
 
 407 
 
 Works Companj'. Priiieipal among the products 
 of this concern are mill machinery and mill fur- 
 nishings, wrought iron pipes, engine trimmings, 
 steam and water gauges, water wheels, smut 
 machinery, French buhr mill stones, separators, 
 flour packers, smooth and corrugated rollers, 
 middlings feeders, improved Corliss and other 
 stationary engines, steel and iron boilers. A 
 50 horse-power engine keeps the vast array 
 of machinery in motion, and 125 men are re- 
 quired to perform the labor necessary to meet 
 the demands of trade. AVith the manifest enter- 
 prise of the new firm it is safe to say that the 
 splendid reputation of the North Star Iron 
 Works will not diminish, but will retain its 
 place in the rank of first-class iron- working es- 
 tablishments of the country. 
 
 North-western Foundry, corner of Third street 
 and Tenth Avenue south, was established in 1874, 
 by G. Menzel, his son, Charles G. Menzel, and 
 D. C. Howard, under the firm name of G. Men- 
 zel and Company: In the fall of that year, L. 
 _ V. N. IJlakeman purchased the interests of 
 Charles G. Menzel and D. C. Howard, but the 
 firm name was unchanged. The building and 
 grounds occupy about one and one-half acres. 
 Fronting on Tenth Avenue south is a building 
 20x60 feet, one and one-half stories high, in the 
 south-west corner of which is the office. The 
 remainder of the building is used for a pattern 
 room. Back of this is the foundry, a two and 
 one-half story building, 60x120 feet; attached to 
 tills is the engine room 20x30 feet, and above 
 this is the pattern shop. 
 
 This firm furnishes all the car wheels for the 
 Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Railway, west 
 of the Mississippi river, and most of those used 
 by the Northern Pacific, Minneapolis and St. 
 Louis, St. Paul and Duluth, and St. Paul and 
 Sioux City, besides all the wheels used by the 
 Sti-eet Railway Company of this city. Besides 
 the manufacture of car wheels, this firm does a 
 large business in all kinds of architectural, ma- 
 chinery and ornamental castings, employing 
 ;d)iiut sixtv men. 
 
 The Union Iron Works, owned by ,). E. Lock- 
 wood & Company, is the outgrowth of a machine 
 shop opened by Mr. Lockwood in 1872, on the 
 present site of the Humboldt mill. After re- 
 maining three years ui that locality he removed 
 
 to the vicinity of J. B. Bassetfs mill where he 
 remamed four years. In June, 1879, the present 
 firm was founded, Mr. Lockwood taking into 
 partnership C. H. Tipton and Nils Nyberg. 
 They at once commenced to fit up their present 
 quarters on Main street and Second Avenue, S. E. 
 
 Having increased their facilities by purchasing 
 the stock and machinery of the SI. xVnthony Iron 
 Works, which had been destroyed by fire the pre- 
 vious April. A stone building fronting on Mam 
 stTeet is three stories high, including basement. 
 Its size, 45x60 feet, w ith a leased basement l-5x 
 60 feet, gives them a machine shop of 60x60 feet. ' 
 On the first floor is the office and another ma- 
 chine shop, and the .second floor is devoted to 
 mill-wright and pattern shops. In the rear of the 
 basement is the foundry, 45x60 feet, one story 
 high. The firm also have at Mr. Lockwood's old 
 stand, on the west side, a blacksmith shop and 
 bolting-cloth manufactory. They employ ft-om 
 fifty to sixty men, and manufacture about |63- 
 000 worth of goods ainuially, embracing all kinds 
 of flour and saw-mill machinery. The motive 
 power is furnished by an American turbine 
 wheel of 100 horse-power, part of which is used 
 by other manufacturers. 
 
 Variety Iron Works of Hashow, Maisli & 
 Davis were started by Hashow & Maish on the 
 1st day of ]May. 1878, in the basement of Brack- 
 etfs block, with capital invested to the amount of 
 ten dollars. After remaining three months in the 
 basement they took a room on the ground floor. 
 On the 1st of October, 1879, Wm. H. Davis w^as' 
 admitted to the firm, and the name changed to' 
 Hashow, Maish & Davis. Business continued to 
 increase, and in 1880, the firm sought more com- 
 modious quarters, and leased lots on Second street' 
 and Fifth xVvenue south for fifty years. On this 
 they have erected a three-stoiy building, 50x60 feet, 
 w ith an ell 20x24 feet. The lower story, or half 
 basement, is used for the coarser work of dressuig 
 rollers, the second floor for the machme shop and 
 the upper floor for mill-furnishing and general 
 mill-wright -work. The principal manufactures' 
 are flouring and saw-mill machinery, brewere' 
 machinery, shaftmg, pulleys, etc. Twenty or 
 more men are employed, producing m 1880 |50,- 
 000 worth of goods. 
 
 The Minneapolis Boiler Works of M.^\■. Glenn 
 were established in 1867, by Emmerman and"
 
 408 
 
 HISTORY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 Har(lenV)ergh. who operated them until Februarj-, 
 1878, when they were purchased by the present 
 proprietor. These works are on Fifth Avenue 
 south between Firet and Second streets, and are 
 devoted to the nianufactiu-e of boilers and all 
 kinds of sheet and boiler iron goods. Its pro- 
 ducts may be seen in almost every town in the 
 north-west, and its present business amounts to 
 about $80,000 per year, requu-ing the labor of 
 thuty-seven men. Mr. Glenn, the proprietor, is 
 a practical machinist having spent much of his 
 time from childhood m various departments of 
 iron manufactories. 
 
 Xorth-western Stove Works, owned by Bush- 
 nell and Spear, though comparatively new is the 
 only ijistitution of the kind in the state, and has 
 already acquired a good reputation with the trade. 
 The buildings and yards occupy two and one-half 
 acres of gromid ui South Minneapolis near the 
 Harvester Works, besides extensive ware-rooms 
 at 204 Hemiepin Avenue. The entei-prise was es- 
 tablished in 1878, by Edward Spear, Jr., whose 
 twenty years experience enabled him to lay a 
 strong foimdation for a large business. In Jan- 
 uary, 1880, he formed a partnership with Charles 
 R. Bushnell, practical machinist, and the firm is 
 now known as Bushnell and Spear. The factory 
 is devoted exchisively to the manufacture of 
 stoves, making a specialty of hay stoves for the 
 use of the settlere on the praii-ies. The full 
 working force is seventy-five men. 
 
 In 1867, Frank Grygla and Company began the 
 manufacture of galvanized iron cornice, shutters, 
 sky-lights, pitch and gravel roofing. Since then a 
 a number of changes have occurred in the firm prior 
 to March, 1880, when H. E. Selden became the 
 sole partner of Jlr. Giygla, luider the firm name 
 of Grygla and Selden. They retain the original 
 site, 114 North Third street, occupying a frame 
 building, 22x100 feet, three stories high, the 
 first story of which is used for manufacturing, 
 and the wareroom is on Eleventh street. Their 
 product.s, amounting to $60,ooo per annum, are 
 shipped to all parts of the state, and to Wiscon- 
 sin, Iowa, ilontana and Manitoba. 
 
 M. II. Crittenden, senior partner of the Ann of 
 Crittenden and Scribner, came to St. Paid in 1866, 
 and engaged in pitch and gravel roofing. This 
 he soon after extended to Minneapolis, and in 
 1871, took into partnership, Edward E. Scribner. 
 
 In 1868 they commenced the manufactme of 
 their own tar paper and other roofing material, 
 and in 187-5 they added the production of galvan- 
 ized cornice, tin and slate roofing. In April, 
 1880, the firm procured its present quarters, 203 
 and 205 First Avenue north, occupying a build- 
 ing 45x62 feet, all of which is used for shop and 
 storage room. Besides this they conduct an ex- 
 tensive business in coal tar, concrete and asphal- 
 tum sidewalks and roofing, requiring the labor of 
 ten workmen. 
 
 Strotlmian Brothers, proprietors of the North- 
 western Iron Works, began operations June 1st. 
 1880. on the corner of Third street and Ninth 
 Avenue south, where they leased ground and 
 erected a building 30x60 feet. They make mill 
 machinery, shafting, pulleys, boxes, and gearing. 
 Both members of the firm are practical machin- 
 ists. J. II. Strothman is at present supermtendent 
 of O. A. Pray and Company's works, and his 
 brother, E. E. Strothman. manages their own es- 
 tablishment, which is operated by a ten horse- 
 power engine. The firm expects soon to enlarge 
 to meet the demands of their rapidly increasing 
 trade. 
 
 II. C. Butler, manufacturer of mill picks and 
 iron work, established business in 1857, in a small 
 shop on Ninth Avenue south, with but one forge, 
 and a capital of about ten dollars. He, with one 
 assistant, set to work, and in 1858, just as he was 
 commencing to reaUze some reward for his in- 
 dustry, his shop was destroyed by fire. He then 
 built on SLxth Avenue, where he did a prosper- 
 ous business until 1860, when his shop was again 
 desti-oyed by fire. He again biult. and was again 
 a sufferer by fire. He then built on the present 
 site of the Humboldt mill, and there enjoyed a 
 season of unobstructed prosperity, until the explo- 
 sion of the mills in 1878, when his shop was 
 totally destroyed. He then purchased his present 
 location, 255 Sixth Avenue south, where he oc- 
 cupies a buildrng 27x100 feet, in which are six 
 forges, furnishing employment to fourteen work- 
 men. Manufactures mill picks and other iron 
 and steel work. 
 
 Edward Kennedy, mill-pick maker, first began 
 business in 1873. at No. 514 Second street south, 
 where he occupied a building 22x68, used three 
 forges, and employed five workmen. He began 
 manufacturing for the home trade only, but has
 
 MACHINISTS. 
 
 409 
 
 received orders frnm abroad until now lie ships 
 goods to all the north-western states, Manitoba, 
 Washington Territory and California. The shop 
 was burned November 10th, 1880, and was a 
 total loss, but Mr. Kennedy immediately rebuilt 
 on First street between Fourth and Fifth Ave- 
 nues south. 
 
 The Minneapolis Fence Works, owned l)y Me- 
 lony & Kyle, was established in 1871. by Day & 
 Rollins, whose shop was located on Second street 
 and Fifth Avenue soutli. Its manufactures 
 consist of wood and iron fencing and roof crest- 
 ing. After conducthig the business four years, 
 Mr. Day died. Mr. Rollins ran it alone until 
 December, 1878, when he took E. F. Melony in- 
 to partnership under the firm name of ('harles 
 G. Rollins & Co. In July, 1879, Mr. Rollins sold 
 his interest to J. X. Kyle, and the lirm of Me- 
 lony & Kyle was establisbed. In the spring of 
 1880. they moved to their present site, corner of 
 Third street and Fourth Avenue south. 
 
 The North-western Fence and Architectural 
 Iron Works of Philip Ilerzog, dates its existence 
 from 1869, when Mr. Ilerzog opened a small shop 
 in the upper part of the old Morrison planing- 
 mill, where he employed but one assistant the 
 first year. In 1872 this mill burned, and Mr. 
 Herzog purchased ground on Third Avenue south 
 and Second street, E. D., and built a shop 40x80 
 feet, which now constitutes his main building. 
 His business, constantly increasing, has com- 
 pelled him to enlarge, from time to time, until he 
 now occupies 115x132 feet and employs twenty- 
 six workmen. The machinery is driven by a 150 
 horse-power turbine wheel, though it requires 
 but fifty horse-power to operate the mill. The 
 business amounts annually to $90,000, the products 
 being iron and wood fences, iron lawn-chairs, set- 
 tees, roof-railings, etc. 
 
 Bachner Bros, m 1867, opened a gun store on 
 Hennepin Avenue, between Washinton Avenue 
 and Second street. In January, 1878, they re- 
 moved to their present quarters, at 36 Washing- 
 ton Avenue south. For a number of years they 
 manufactured muzzle-loading ritles, but lately 
 have added machinery by which they are engaged 
 in making breech-loading shot-gims. They do 
 an extensive repairing business, and carry a large 
 stock of fire-arms, hunting, trapiiing, fishing, 
 camping, skating and police equipments. 
 
 In the fall of 1879, Henry Krueger came to 
 Minneapolis and opened a gun-shop at his present 
 location, No. 10, Second street south. His busi- 
 ness has increased, and he now enjoys an annual 
 trade of about |7,000, carrying a complete st<X'k 
 of guns and other hunting materials. 
 
 II. J. Pyle on the 1st of May, 1880, commenced 
 the manufacture of fire-arms at 400 Nicollet Ave- 
 nue, where lie still remains, carrying a full stock 
 of lire-arms and other goods pertaining to his line 
 of business. 
 
 In 1880, .John Grime and Company, organized 
 for the manufacture of machinists and engineer's 
 tools, taps, dies, etc. They are located on Nicol- 
 let Island, in the basement of the manufacturing 
 building, where they have a room 35x60 feet, em- 
 ploying six workmen. This firm makes a speci- 
 alty of J. Grime and Company's new pipe vice, 
 and also have other inventions nearly ready to 
 introduce to the public. 
 
 The Minneapolis Drill Manufactory was started 
 in 1865, liy I. L. Penny, on the ground now 
 occupied by M. W. Glenn's boiler works. The 
 first machinery was a foot lathe wliich sufiiced 
 the first year At the close of the second year 
 he removed to his present quarters, 315 Third 
 Avenue south, where he erected a building 25x70 
 feet, two and one-half stories high, in which he 
 employs fifteen men, manufacturing coopers" 
 tools, drills, and forging hammers, besides doing 
 an extensive jobbing business. The machinery 
 of this institution is driven by a fifteen horse- 
 power engine. 
 
 The machinery and mill furnishing business 
 of W. S. Hall was established in 1876, on Second 
 street, between Seventh and Eighth Avenues 
 south, by Dufrasne and Douglas. They re- 
 mained there until May 2, 1878, when their shop 
 and tools were destroyed in the mill disaster of 
 that date. The firm re-organized and employed 
 six men. In January, 1879, the firm of Doug- 
 las and Hall was formed, the building enlarged 
 to 25x100 feet, two and one-half stt)ries, the 
 force increased to twelve men, and an annual 
 business of $25,000 enjoyed. On the 11th day of 
 October, 1880, W. S. Hall purchased :Mr. Doug- 
 las" interest, and now conducts the business 
 alone. 
 
 In 1877 George F. Perkins commenced business, 
 manufacturing and repairing machinery and
 
 410 
 
 BJSTOjRT of HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 mill work. He invented, and in 1878 com- 
 menced the manufacture of the Perkins jack- 
 screw. In June, 18S(). lie formed a partnership 
 with C. E. Tliayer, under the lirm name of 
 George F. Perkins and Company, and in July, 
 of the same year, they purchased the site, 
 No. 120 Main street south, and erected a 
 buildin.si I'oxtii tcet, two stories high. Their 
 business, making Perkins" jack-screws, and all 
 kinds of screw presses, recpiired the labor of live 
 men. Their building was destroyed by fire on 
 the loth of January, 1881, and the firm leased 
 for five years, No. 125 Main street south, of N. 
 H. Bolton. At this time the firm was strength- 
 ened by the admission of AV. B. Cogger, pattern 
 maker, formerly superintendent of the Ohio 
 Bolt Company. In connection with their own 
 work they manufacture Bolton"s machinery re- 
 quirmg the labor of twelve men. 
 
 In 1870, Nelson and Ilernlund started a black- 
 smith shop at 122 ^Main street south-east, and 
 did business until the spring of 1878, when they 
 rented a portion of their shop to August ]SIalm- 
 sten, who put in a small lathe for repairing etc. 
 In July of the same year, Mr. Ilernlund died, 
 and a partnership was formed by Messrs. Malm- 
 sten and Nelson, who did business together until 
 May. 1879. when J. AV. Ilernlund. son of the for- 
 mer partner was admitted to the partnership 
 wliich was call Malmsten, Nelson and Company. 
 Their business of manufact>n-iug wood and iron 
 machniery and bolts, and general blacksmithing 
 and repairing, requires eight men, and amoimts 
 to about $8,000 yearly. It has increased imtil 
 the fiiTO was compelled to purchase the entire 
 building whidi is 40x74 feet, two-stories high 
 above the basement. The power is furnished by 
 the East Side Water Power Company. 
 
 The mill fmniishing estaVilishment of A. II. 
 Ku'k was founded. May 1st. 187S, with a capital 
 of 1250, as a mill-wright and rei)aii'ing shop. 
 One man was employed in one- half of the lower 
 floor of the building on the corner of Second 
 street and Sixth Avenue south. He now occupies 
 the entire building, which is 36x60 feet, two- 
 stories high with a full basement, in which he 
 employs twenty-five men in the manufacture of 
 middUngs purifiers of his own invention, and all 
 kinds of mill furnishings. He requires 25 horse- 
 power to propel his machuiery; this is obtained 
 
 from the North Star Woolen mills which adjoin. 
 
 A. R. Guilder, manufacturer of middlings puri- 
 fiers and mill machinery. In 1872, Mr. Guilder 
 secured his first i>atent on a middlings piu-ifier, 
 and has been engaged in their manufacture since. 
 His place of business is on Sixth Avenue south, 
 where he occupies a building 30x44 feet, and em- 
 ploys sLx men, sales amounting annually to SIO,- 
 000. Mr. Guilder is the inventor of several im- 
 provements in mill macliinery, which he manu- 
 factures. 
 
 Fender and Cuthbertson, 425 Fourth street 
 south, manufacturers of Standard purifiers and 
 dealers in mill furnishing, established their busi- 
 ness in 1S74. Mr. Fender is the inventor of the 
 Standard middlings purifier, which was patented 
 in 1874, since when several improvements have 
 been made and patented. C. C. Washburn uses 
 them exclusively, havang fifty-five in the "A" mill 
 alone. The firm are at present manufacturing 
 aspirators, a machine called into use by the roller 
 system of making flour. Fifty of these machnes 
 are now in use in this city. The business of the 
 firm for 1879, amounted to $60,000, furnishing 
 emiiloyment to thirty men. whose weekly wages 
 amounts to S300. 
 
 The shingle, lath and saw-mill machine manu- 
 factory of N. II. Bolton was established by him in 
 1872, where the express office now stands, on Hen- 
 nepm Avenue. He received his power from the 
 Nicollet House engine, and at first employed one 
 assistant ; but his business soon increased to such 
 an extent that he was compelled to enlarge, and he 
 leased ground upon which he erected a building, 
 at No. 120 Main street S. E„ which he occupied 
 until May, 1879, when he purchased his present 
 location, at 125 Main street. S. E. This building 
 is of stone, 29.^x60 feet, four stories high includ- 
 ing basement. In connection with his manufac- 
 tures he deals extensively in engines and boiler's, 
 doing an fjnnual business of $10,000. 
 
 In May, 1867. John Hinton came to Minneapo- 
 lis and began the business of making saws with 
 A. M. Richardson, now deceased, iinder the firm 
 name of Richardson & Hinton, on First Avenue 
 south, between First and Second streets. In 
 1869 Mr. Richardson retired from the firm. Mr. 
 Hinton continued alone, and soon removed to 
 Second street, between Fifth and Sixth streets 
 south, where he remained until the spring of
 
 PLOW WOBKS. 
 
 411 
 
 1878, when he removed to his present stand, 252 
 Second street sonth. 
 
 The MinneapoUs Plow Works was founded in 
 1868, by C. K. Perrine & Company, on First Ave- 
 enue north, corner River street. In 1870, Mr. 
 King entered the lirm, wliich was clianged to Lar- 
 away. King & Perrine, whicli continued until 
 1877, when Mr. Perrine disposed of his interest, 
 since when the firm has been Laraway & Kinir. 
 The building is of stone, 44x157 feet, turning out 
 annually about 5,000 plows, harrows, hay-rakes 
 and other articles in proportion. 
 
 In 1860, S. T. Ferguson started the Monitor 
 Plow Works, which he conducted till 1872, when 
 an incorporated stock company, entitled the 
 "Monitor Plow Works," with a capital of |30,000, 
 was formed. In 1874, the capital was increased 
 to $75,000, and in 1876 the business was again 
 increased by adding the manufacture of sulky- 
 rakes. The company now turns out 7,000 plows 
 and sulky-plows, 800 rakes and a large number of 
 scrapers and corn-planters annually. They em- 
 ploy seventy-five men, and have established dis- 
 tributing points in various parts of the north- 
 west. The shops are situated on a twenty-acre 
 tract in the town of Minneapolis just outside the 
 city limits. The present officers of the company 
 are S. T. Ferguson, president and superintend- 
 ent, and W. B. Jackson, secretary and treasurer. 
 
 The plow factory of C. K. Perrine, is a brick 
 building two stories high, 25x72 feet, on First 
 street and Second Avenue north, and was built 
 in 1877. Mr. Penine is the pioneer plow manu- 
 facturer of Minneapolis, having started a factory 
 on First street north as early as 1861, continuing 
 till 1868, when he entered the Arm of Lara- 
 way, Perrine and Co. In 1877, Mr. Per- 
 rine withdrew from this firm and began doing 
 busmess alone, making jilows, wagons and road 
 scrapers, which he disposes of at retail, lie an- 
 nually makes five hundred plows. 
 
 The Minneapolis Harvester Works, located in 
 South Minneapolis. In 1873, a stock company, 
 with a capital of $150,000 was organized under 
 the above title for the purpose of manufactiuing 
 reaping machinery. Nelson Williams was secre- 
 taiy and treasurer, and ]M. G. Hubbard, superin- 
 tendent. In 1874 the works were leased to J. L. 
 Spink and Company, who continued the manage- 
 ment untU 1876. September 1st, of that year, 
 
 the present company was organized, and has since 
 enjoyed a prosperous business. October 9th, 
 1876, the buildings used as factories, were de- 
 stroyed by flre. The company immediately re- 
 built, the new buildings erected being made fire- 
 proof as far as practicable. In the fall of 1878. 
 the increase of business demanding it, the capaci- 
 ty of the works was doubled. In 1880, the num- 
 ber of machines of all patterns produced, was 
 2,600. The machines mainifactured, are the 
 Dewey Harvester, the Minneapolis Harvester and 
 Twine Binder, and the Minneapolis Harvester 
 Xo. One, in the making of wiiich two hundred 
 men are employed. The officers of the company 
 are D. Morrison, president ; C. jSIorrison, vice- 
 president; and R. II. Jones, secretary and treas- 
 urer. 
 
 E. Broad, mantifacturer of and dealer in patent 
 cant hooks and all kinds of tools for river driving, 
 is one of the pioneer manufacturers of this city. 
 He located in St. Anthony in 1855, and, in a small 
 shop on Front street, commenced making edged 
 tools. After three weeks this was destroyed 
 by flre and he built a temporary shop on Henne- 
 pm Island, the site of the building he now occu- 
 pies. In 1856 he built a stone Ituikluig 30x40 
 feet, and commenced on a larger scale. He con- 
 tinued in the edged tool business until 1870. when 
 he abandoned that branch and gave his entire at- 
 tention to the manufacture of a cant hook known 
 as "Broad's Patent Cant Hook," which supplied 
 a want long felt Ijy lumbermen and has saved 
 thousands of dollars in the expense of log-driving. 
 It is used throughout the I'nited States. Mr. 
 Broad owns and occupies, as a wood working 
 department, the upper lloor of Herzog's fence 
 works, on Third Avenue south-east. This 
 room is 40x80 feet and is supplied with twenty 
 horse power by cable from the Tower mill on 
 Main street. The business now f urn ishes employ- 
 ment to seventeen men in the two buildings, pro- 
 ducing 7,000 cant hooks annually, besides other 
 implements used in mills and river driving. The 
 stone buildmg on the island is the first building 
 erected in that locality. 
 
 The ^Minneapolis l^rass Works, owned by Peet 
 and ;McWaters, were founded in a room 10x20 
 feet, in 1877, by Richard Peet, whose capital 
 amounted to ten dollars. The small room soon 
 became inadequate, and Mr. Peet secured more
 
 412 
 
 EISTOEY OF HENXEPIN COUNIY. 
 
 commoilioiis quarters, wliich. in their "tuni prov- 
 ing too small, he abandoned for the spacious* 
 basement of the Brackett block. Here he enlarg- 
 ed from time to time, until the burnuig of tlie 
 block left him witliout a shop. A short time be- 
 fore the Are, 2ilr. Feet had taken, as paituer, 
 David McAVaters. a practical moulder. They now 
 occupy rooms 30x100 feet, at 212 First Avenue 
 south, in Brackett "s new block. Employing ten 
 men, their principal manufactures are plumbei-s 
 and distiller's brass goods, brass castings, etc. 
 In October, 1S80, ilr. Feet purchased Mr. Mc- 
 AVater's interest, and associated with himself, 
 Mr. S. Hatfield, under the firm name of Feet and 
 Hatfield. 
 
 ilinneapolis Copper. Brass and Sheet Iron 
 AA'orks of Louis E. Fritsche. was founded in 
 April. 1878, at 516 Second street south, imder the 
 firm name of Yau Horn and Fritsche. In April, 
 ISTSt, ilr. Van Horn withdrew, and Mr. Fritsche 
 has since conducted the business alone. From a 
 very small begimiing the business has been stead- 
 ily increasing. In the building now occupied 
 33x50 feet, one and one-half stories high, are 
 manufactured and repau'ed brewery, distillery 
 and mill work, and also soda fountains. 
 
 Tlie Mimieapolis File Works, was established 
 at 204 First street noiih. in 1870, by Herman 
 Boettcher, who has since conducted the business. 
 It is the only manufactory of the kind in the 
 state, making a specialty of tiles and rasps. 
 Three men are emploved. 
 
 The Hall and Dann Barrel Company was incor- 
 porated June 12th. 1880. and at once began the 
 erection of the mammoth building used as a 
 manufactory, located comer of First street and 
 Tliird Avenue south. The struetine is of brick, 
 four stories high and covers ground space 60x172 
 feet; it was completed in the fall of 1880. This 
 is the largest barrel manufacturing establishment 
 in the country, having a capacity for turning out 
 6,000 banels daily. One hundred and seventy- 
 five men are employed. The building is fur- 
 nished throughout with the latest improved 
 machinerv. heating and drying apparatus. A 
 forty-live horse-power engine supplies the motive 
 power. The product of this concern is used for 
 the packing of flour manufactured in MinneapoUs. 
 
 The Co-operative Barrel Manufacturing Com- 
 pany, was incorporated under the general laws of 
 
 the state, and commenced business Xovember 23d, 
 1S74. the limit of the coi-poration being fifteen 
 years. The two buildings occupied as factories 
 are located on Sixth street, at Eleventh Avenue 
 south. The shares were placed at one hundred 
 doUai's. there being sixteen share-holders when the 
 organization was completed. There are now six- 
 ty members of the association, each holding two 
 shares. The capital stock amounts to §20.000. 
 This company turn out 7,000 barrels per week, 
 employing eighty men In the factor}-. The ofli- 
 cei's of the company are, J. A. Smith, president ; 
 J. W. Overacker, secretary and treasurer. J. A. 
 Smith, Thomas Tyler, H. J. Hughes, John 
 Thompson and J. W. Doran, constitute the board 
 of directors. 
 
 The Hennepin County Barrel Company, was 
 organized and incorporated In January, 1880. It 
 Is based on the protective stj'le each member re- 
 ceiving a share of the profits. The capital stock 
 was placed at $10,000. with shares at fifty 
 dollars each. The factory is located on Fifth 
 street, corner Fifteenth Avenue south. This 
 company manufactures 2.500 barrels a week, and 
 employs thirty men. The officers are, W. B. 
 Champion, president and secretary : Joseph 
 Coombs, treasurer; board of directoi-s, E. J. Car- 
 lin. Charles Tenant, William Priest and T. J. 
 Bemiett. 
 
 Tlie Xorth Star Barrel Company, was organ- 
 ized for a term of not less than fifteen years, on 
 October 30th, 1877. There are fifty share-hold- 
 ers, shares issued at one hundred dollars each. 
 An article of the by-laws limits the capital stock 
 at $15,000. The originators of this enterprise. 
 and its first board of directors, were P. J. Kenny ^ 
 Daniel G. Wentworth. F. L. Bachelder, -John 
 O'Donnell and H. W. Burroughs. The company 
 occupy as factories, two buildings on Sixth street, 
 between Fifteenth and Sixteenth Avenues south, 
 where they furnish employment to seventy men. 
 The product amounts to 6,000 barrels per week, 
 which are disposed of at wholesale only. The busi- 
 ness reaches annually $130,000. The present offi- 
 cers of the company are. -J. W. Kline, president; F. 
 L. Bachelder, secretary and treasurer; J. W. 
 Kline, F. L. Bachelder, H. W. Burroughs, 
 George Jaquin and P. J. Kenny, board of direc- 
 tors. 
 
 The Minneapolis Barrel Works, O. Eames pro-
 
 FURNITUBE MANUFACIUBERS. 
 
 413 
 
 prietor. This establishment was founded in 1873, 
 by A. M. Anson, who continued the management 
 until 1878, when it was purcliased by the present 
 owner. In 1877, the works were fitted with bar- 
 rel machinery, operated by steam, which a twelve 
 horse-power engine furnishes. Seventy-flve men 
 are emplojed in this concern, which produces 
 6,000 barrels weekly, under the management of 
 A. J. Palmes. The factory is located on Four- 
 teenth Avenue, corner of Sixth street south. 
 
 Tlie barrel manufactory of A. Bumb & Com- 
 pany, on Sixth street, corner of Fifteenth Ave- 
 nue south, was established in 1874. This concern 
 manufactures about 2.000 barrels weekly, and 
 employs sixty-seven men and tw'entj'-one boys, the 
 pay-roll amounting to $800 per week. Two 
 large factories and a store-house are in use; the 
 machinery is driven by a twelve horse-power en- 
 gine. 
 
 The East Side Co-operative Barrel Company 
 was organized September 10th, 1879, with six 
 members, shares being at fifty dollars each. The 
 factory is on Marshall street, N. E., and occupies 
 a space 24x65 feet. Ten men are employed, pro- 
 ducing 1 ,500 barrels per week. Nicholas ^Ian- 
 gen, business manager of the company, has su- 
 pervision of the factory. Isaiah Tidd is treasur- 
 er, and Casper Erpelding secretary. 
 
 Charles Seheif, manufacturer of beer kegs, 
 casks, pork and wliiskey banels, 326 First street 
 north, commenced business in 1867, working 
 alone. Tlie second year he employed one man, 
 and gradually increased the force as the business 
 grew, until now, seven men are employed. The 
 factory is 24x60 feet, two floors. 
 
 W. Droll, barrel manufacturer, 621 Marshall 
 street, N. E., began business in 1878, and manu- 
 factures pork and beer barrels, liquor kegs, tubs, 
 hogsheads, etc. Six men are employed who are 
 paid as wages sixtj'-five dollars per week. The 
 business is prosperous and steadily increasing. 
 
 P. Daly, manufacturer of flour barrels, estab- 
 lished in 1872, and has since conducted a pros- 
 perous business. He employs a force of six men 
 in the factory, transacting an annual business of 
 5,500. The factory is located on Main street, 
 corner of Fourteenth Avenue, N. E. 
 
 The fimiiture manufactory of Barnard and 
 Cope, is located on Fourth street, at corner of 
 Second Avenue X. E. This busmess, the first 
 
 of the kind in the county, was established by F. 
 L. Johnson and Company, and in 1858 purchased 
 by Barnard, Noyce and Waldron, who retained 
 it one year, after which it was conducted one 
 year by a Mr. Pengi-ee, who sold to T. G. and 
 J. F. Barnard. The firm of Barnard Brothers 
 conducted the business until 1865; the firm then 
 became Barnard Brothers and Shuey, and re- 
 mained such until 1872. In 1871, the factory 
 M'as destroyed by fire, but immediately rebuilt. 
 In 1874, the firm of Barnard and Cope was or- 
 ganized, and lias since continued the manage- 
 ment. For the jiast six jears, attention lias lieen 
 given to the manufacture of furniture exclusively, 
 which is disposed of at wholesale only; trade 
 extending throughout ilinnesota. Wisconsin. 
 Iowa, Dakota and Montana, and amounting an- 
 nually to i|75.00o. The buildings occupied are 
 a factory, warehouse and engine-room ; the lat- 
 ter contains a 75 horse-power engine, which also 
 supplies motive power for the planing mill of 
 Clark and McClure. The establishment is under 
 the direct management of Thomas G. Barnard 
 and his son F. II. Barnard. Mr. Cope is the 
 oldest son of T. B. Cope, of the firm of Cope 
 Brothers, Philadelphia, and resides in that city. 
 
 Gilmore and JlcCulloch, furniture manufac- 
 turers. This concern was established by M. C. 
 Burr, who was succeeded by Morris and Com- 
 pany. This firm built, in 1873, the factory lo- 
 cated in South Minneapolis, in use by the present 
 firm, who purchased it in 1874. The main build- 
 ing is 40x126 feet, with a wing 30x60, both two 
 stories in height. An engine of 65 horse-power, 
 drives the niacliiiiery. Sixty men ai'e employed, 
 the annual business amounting to ^75,000. The 
 business of tliis establishment is wholesale ex- 
 clusively; trade extending tlirough Minnesota, 
 Iowa, Wisconsin, Dakota, Montana and Mani- 
 toba. The business office of the company is lo- 
 cated at 222 Washington Avenue, north. 
 
 Robertson and Hiscock, manufacturers of hard- 
 wood and enameled furniture, have their office 
 and salesroom at No. 326 Second Avenue south. 
 The business was established in 1879, by J. II. 
 Hiscock and Company, witli tlie limited capital of 
 S900. During that year the sales amounted to 
 but $700, and the next year about $1,000. Tlie 
 factory was located at the corner of Second Ave- 
 nue south and Third street, and employed a
 
 414 
 
 HISTORY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 working force of twelve men, mamifacturiiig 
 chamber sets and all kinds of common furnitnre, 
 excepting chairs, their sales extending through 
 Iowa, Minnesota and Wisconsin. At the begui- 
 ning of the year 1881, the firm was changed to 
 Eol)ertson and Iliscock, and they removed to 
 their new factor\-, built by James T. Ehvell, at 
 the corner of Fifth Avenue and Nintli street, E. T> 
 This building is two stories high, 40x145 feet, 
 furnished with power by a 100 horse-power en- 
 gine in an adjoining building, 35x35 feet. This 
 spring they have erected, in the rear of the fac- 
 tory, a dry-house i;0x40 feet. The entire estab- 
 lishment is heated by steam, and the machinery 
 is of the latest and most improved kind. They 
 have increased the capital to ?] 5.000, and will 
 employ sixty men. The new member of the 
 firm. Dr. E. D. Robertson, comes from Cleveland, 
 Ohio, to join Mr. Hiscock in this enterprise. 
 
 The Knickerbocker Furniture Company, suc- 
 ceeded George Knickerbocker. March 6, 1880. 
 Mr. Knickerbocker commenced the business in 
 1878, and conducted it until the formation of the 
 present company, which is composed of S. E. 
 Knickerbocker, Jerome G. Layman and George 
 Knickerbocker, who is general manager. In 1880, 
 the company had the building 412 and 414 Xicol- 
 let Avenue, known as the Eastman block, erected. 
 This is 45x100 feet, four stories high and base- 
 ment. It is huilt of brick, with front of Illinois 
 limestone, rubbed smooth, and trimmings of 
 polished marble. The floors are so arranged that 
 eighty sets of furniture may be shown. An hy- 
 draulic elevator is used for conveying furniture 
 from floor to floor. The lirm manufacture fine 
 furniture and draperies to order, and also car- 
 ries a full line of heavy and common furni- 
 ture. They employ twelve workmen, and their 
 sales amount to 575,000 annually. 
 
 The furniture mantifactory and repairing shops 
 of Liljengren and Dean, 111 Third street south, 
 was started in 1877 by U. B. Liljengren, who 
 conducted it successfully until May 1, 1880, when 
 E. Dean took an interest, and they have con- 
 ducted it together since, employing twenty men. 
 Most of their goods are made to order. The ma- 
 chinery is operated by a thiity-five horse-power 
 engine. 
 
 Sonnen and 'Werthman, furniture manufactur- 
 ers, organized in 1878, on Third Avenue and 
 
 Third street south, and continued there until 
 May 1st, 1880, at which time they removed to 113 
 Washington Avenue noilh, where they have a 
 salesroom 25x125 feet. Their factory is on Nicol- 
 let Island, occupying space 35x50 feet, two stories 
 above basement, where they employ fifteen men, 
 with a pay roll of S200 per week. 
 
 Situated on the soutliern end of Nicollet Is- 
 land, is a building known as the '■ Island Water 
 Power Company's manufacturing building," 
 which was erected by the company in 1879. The 
 power is transmitted by a steel wire cable from a 
 wheel located at the platform on Hennepin Is- 
 land, to the building, a distance of 1,000 feet. 
 This operates a shaft which runs the entire length 
 of the structure, thus enabling tenants of each 
 room to get power sufficient to operate machin- 
 ery. It is occupied by J. B, Clark, box factoi-y ; 
 C. E. Eastman, flight factory ; R. P. Upton, grist 
 mill ; J. E. Osborne, grist and feed mill ; Skinner 
 and Sly, paint manufacturers ; Sonnen and 
 Werthman, furniture makers ; John Grime and 
 Company, machinists. 
 
 Tlie Minneapolis Paper Mill, Brown, Warner 
 and Latimer, was built m 1866, by R. D. Warner, 
 Edward Brewster and E. N. Brown. The mill 
 originally had one 62-inch cylinder machine, and 
 when C. N. Warner took an interest, a 64-inch 
 cylinder, together with sufficient machinery to 
 double the capacity of the mill, was added. The 
 building is 68x10.") feet, including basement; locat- 
 ed at the foot of Seventh Avenue south, on the ca- 
 nal. The number of persons employed is eighty, 
 of whom one-half are women. The company 
 manufactme from eight to ten hundred tons of 
 print paper annually. 
 
 The Island Paper ]Mill, was built at the upper 
 end of Hennepin Island, in 1859, by Johnathau 
 Chase and C. C. Secombe. It was originally 
 40x60 feet, three-stories high. In 1860, Mr. Chase 
 sold his interest to W. W. Eastman, who in 
 company with Mr. Secombe, ran it about two 
 months and sold to E. W. Cutter. Secombe and 
 Cutter conducted it until the spring of 1861, 
 when H. M. Carpenter entered the firm. In 
 1866, J. T. Averill entered the company, and the 
 mill was removed to its present location, 405 
 Main street south-east. The building is three- 
 stories in height, 75x90 feet. In 1869, W. A. 
 Eussell entered, and Mr. Secombe retired, and
 
 MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTOBIES. 
 
 415 
 
 Mr. Cutter retiring in 1872, tlie present firm was 
 organized. Tliey produce 4,000 pounds of wood 
 pulp, and 7,000 pounds of paper daily. The ma- 
 chinery consists of one G2-inch cylinder, five rag 
 engines, four tub bleachers, and four wood pulp 
 stones, operated by two turbine wheels, one 75- 
 inch and one 3.5-inch, with combined power of 
 four-hundred horse. The liusiness for 1880, 
 amounted to sflOO.OOO, furnishing work to fifty 
 people, who are paid |1,500 per month. 
 
 The Minneapolis cotton mill is located at the 
 foot of Sixth Avenue south, and is owned by 
 Dorillus Morrison. In January, 1877, Messrs. 
 Ilonkomp & Cummings rented it, and by July 
 had it in nmning order. In February, 1880, Mr. 
 Cummings retired. The products are seamless 
 bags, carpet warps, and cotton bats. A dye- 
 house m connection does all the coloring. This 
 is the only mill of the kind in the state. It is 
 40x80 feet, three stories high, and manufactures 
 from raw cotton |50,000 worth of goods annually. 
 The picking, carding, spimung and weaving 
 rooms are each furnished with improved machin- 
 ery. They use a thirty horse-power boiler in the 
 dye-house and for heating purposes. 
 
 Carding mill of S. Bonfoy, is the only estab- 
 lishment of the kind in the comity. It does 
 solely custom work, and wool is sent from all 
 parts of Minnesota and Wisconsin, in lots of 
 from five to forty poimds, for which ten cents per 
 pound is charged for carding. 
 
 F. W. Bullard, bag factory, in Brackett's block, 
 was established in 1871, doing a business of 
 $5,000 the first year, since when it has increased 
 to 125,000 aninially. lie manufactures cloth 
 and prints paper sacks, also prints for dealers, 
 sacks in which they export flour. In 1879, Mr. 
 Bullard printed 300,000 of these sacks. When 
 he commenced business he used but one hand- 
 press, but now uses two Iloe power-presses. 
 April 6th, 1880, he was burned out, but resumed 
 again on the 29th of the same month. 
 
 The North Star Boot and Shoe Company was 
 duly incorporated as a stock company in 1873, 
 with H. G. Harrison as president, C. B. Ileffel- 
 finger business manager, and A. M. Reid, secre- 
 tary and treasurer. On opening, they occupied 
 228 Washington Avenue north, which was 24x80 
 feet, three stories and basement. They employed 
 twenty-five men in the factory, five salesmen, and 
 
 two traveling salesmen, attempting a home trade 
 only. In 1875 they were compelled to seek more 
 commodious cpuirters, and removed to their 
 present stand, 200, 202 and 204 Washington 
 Avenue north, occupying the entire building, 
 which is sixty-eight feet front and eighty-five 
 deep, three stories high and basement. The base- 
 ment is used for storing stock of rubber goods, 
 sole leather, and boot and shoe pacs. The office, 
 packing and sample room are on the first floor. 
 The first and second floor are used as stock rooms, 
 custom work and a full line of mens' and boys' 
 eastern made boots. The third floor is devoted 
 entirely to the manufacture of goods, and is di- 
 vided into foreman's room, cutting room, ma- 
 chine room, bottoming room, sole leather room, 
 treeing room and finishing room. They employ, 
 at present, one luuidred and twenty-five work- 
 men, four oflice men, five men in the salesroom 
 and packing room, and seven traveling salesmen. 
 The trade extends throughout Iowa, Minnesota. 
 Wisconsin, Neljraska, Colorado and Dakota, in- 
 cluding the Black Hills. The officers are, A. M. 
 Eeid, president; C. B. Ileffelfinger, business man- 
 ager and treasurer, and F. M. Held, secretary. 
 The capital is S15O,0oo. and the pay roll is §1,0.50 
 per week. 
 
 James T. Elwell, spring bed and mattress man- 
 ufacturer, began business October I3th, 1874, with 
 his brother, under the name of Elwell Bros., at 
 the comer of AVashington Avenue and Second 
 Avenue north. During the first year he patented 
 and manufactured but one bed, the "Minneapo- 
 lis," Ms business amounting to but $500. In July, 
 1876, James T. Elwell purchased his brother's 
 interest, and has since conducted the business 
 alone. In 1879, he found his quarters insufficient, 
 and piu-chased the factory corner Third Avenue 
 south and Third street, manufacturing over twen- 
 ty different styles of spring beds, most of which 
 are his own invention. Mr. Elwell recently pur- 
 chased six and one-half acres near Fifth Avenue 
 south-east and Ninth street where he erected a 
 two-story building, 32x134 feet, and a warehouse 
 50x100 feet, capable of holding about 4,000 beds. 
 The machinery is run by an one hundred horse- 
 power engine. The annual business amounts to 
 about 130,000, and gives employment to fifteen 
 men. 
 
 The mattress factory of Salisbury, Ilolph and
 
 416 
 
 HISIOBY OF BENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 Comiiany. 110 ilain street south-east was estab- 
 lished in January, 1878. by T. G. Sahsbury. At 
 first, wool was the only material used. In Sep- 
 tember. 1878, ^y. P. Washburn took an interest, 
 and the manufact\ue of husk, hair, excelsior, 
 moss, and all styles of mattresses known to the 
 market added. The business the first year 
 amounted to i 5,000, and in 1880 had increased 
 to |22.00n. On the 1st of October. 1880, W. T. 
 Rolph entered the firm, which immediately 
 erected a buildmg 36x50 feet, three stories in 
 height. They have a store at No. 20 Bridge 
 Square, and, dining the year 1881, expect to do 
 a business of $75,000. The firm is sole agent of 
 J. M. Gaye's hair house, of Xew York. 
 
 Sullivan and Farnham's ^linnesota Marble, 
 Mantle, and Tile Works, was founded by J. M, 
 Sullivan and Company, at 311. Nicollet Avenue, 
 in 1879, and continued until August, 1880, when 
 the firm was changed to Sullivan and Farnham, 
 who removed to 38 Third street south. They 
 occupy a two-story brick building, 22x104 feet, 
 where they do an annual business, of I4O.00O, 
 employing fifteen men. 
 
 The North-western ilarble Works of E. I)on- 
 lin, makes marble and granite monmnents. etc., 
 and was started in 1872, in Fast Minneapolis. 
 In 1877, it was removed to the west side, and 
 located at 325 Third Avenue south, where six 
 men are employed. The annual business is 
 115,000. 
 
 C. H. Pauly and Company, marble dealers, or- 
 ganized in March, 1880, occupying a two-story 
 frame building. 24x36 feet at 411 Hennepin Av- 
 enue. They employ four men, and do a business 
 of |6,000 per annum. 
 
 D. Manogue, marlile dealer, 335 north Fifth 
 street, E. 1)., began business in 1872, with E. Don- 
 lin, under the firm name of Donlin & Manogue. 
 In 1877, the firm dissolved, and Mr. Manogue 
 removed to his present stand, where he has en- 
 joyed a lucrative business. 
 
 The marble works of John Keudelstarz was es- 
 tablished in 1876, at 208 Third street north, in a 
 brick sti-ucture, 20x28 feet, where he employs 
 three men, and does an annual business of 
 t4,000. 
 
 Asbestine Stone Company, orgaiiized in 1873, 
 for the manufacture of stone for trimmmgs, ve- 
 neering, sidewalks, steps, etc., is located outside 
 
 of the city limits, west of Hennepin Avenue. 
 It occupies a building 40x48 feet, on the second 
 floor of which is the pattern-room, occupying a 
 room 24x48. The stone made by this company 
 is in general use throughout the city. The mem- 
 bers are E. II. and T. E. Barrett and Daniel El- 
 liott. 
 
 Nudd & Knight, manufacturers of wooden 
 eave-troughs and mouldings, employ eight men, 
 and do an annual business t)f |30,ooo, selluig 
 goods in ^linnesota, Iowa, Wisconsin, Illinois, 
 ^Missouri, Kansas, Texas, Nebraska and Dakota. 
 This business was established in 1868, by Todd 
 & Squires. In 1870, Mr. Todd disposed of his 
 interest to W. II. Nudd, and in 1872 E. K. Smith 
 took ilr. Squires' interest, and the firm became 
 W. H. Nudd & Company. In 1877, J. II. Knight 
 purchased Mr. Smith's interest, and the firm be- 
 came Nudd & Knight. The factory is at 110 
 Main street. S. E. 
 
 Simonson Bros., stah-building establishment 
 was organized in 1872, and is the only concern of 
 the kind in the city, devoting themselves solely 
 to stair-building, making stair-railings, balusters, 
 newel-posts, etc. The factor.N' is located at 1006 
 Washington Avenue south, and is 20x61 feet, 
 two stories high, where they employ ten men, 
 doing an anniial business of $10,000. The mem- 
 bers of the firm are C. and II. Simonson. 
 
 J. M. Griffith, broom manufacturer, and whole- 
 sale dealer in broom corn and broom-makers 
 supplies, corner of Fifth street and Eleventh Av- 
 enue north, started in business in 1873, This is 
 the only establishment of the kind west of Chi- 
 cago and north of St. Louis. The business has 
 grown from >; 4,000 per year to $30,000, and reach- 
 ing throughout the entire north-west. The ware- 
 house on Washington Aveiuie, corner of Fifth 
 Avenue north, is two-stories high, 30x50, feet. 
 
 Tlie show-case manufactory of L. Paulle was 
 established in 1876, at 311 Nicollet Avenue, In 
 1879, he removed to 123 Washmgton Avenue 
 south, where he occupies the second and third 
 floors, employs ten men. and manufactures an- 
 nually a large number of show-cases of superior 
 quality, which are sold in this state, as weU as 
 Wisconsin, Dakota and Montana. This is the 
 only factory in the state which makes all the de- 
 tails of show-cases. • 
 
 The North Star Desk Works was established
 
 CABBIAGE MANUFACTOBIES. 
 
 417 
 
 in 1875, at the corner of First Avenue north and 
 Washington, by Foster and Paul, who commenc- 
 ed with a capital of 11,000 and a worliing force 
 of six men. In 1877, Mr. Paul purchased ground 
 and erected his present building, at 10-1 Second 
 street south. This building, 20.x 120 feet, two 
 stories high, accommodates a worlviiig force of 
 thirty men, who malie ehurcli, school and office 
 furniture exclusively. 
 
 Wales Bros., organ manufacturers, began build- 
 ing organs at 220 Xicollet Avenue. In 1878, 
 they removed to 223 Soutli Third street, and in 
 June, 1879, removed to their present location, 
 No. 211 Nicollet Avenue. They make a specialty 
 of manufacturing pipe organs, which have given 
 satisfaction as far as used. 
 
 The Minnehaha Carriage Works, owned by J. 
 M. Pottle and Son, are located at 117 Second 
 street south. They were started in 1862, by J. 
 M. Pottle, who conducted them until 1870, when 
 his son, J. II. Pottle, took an interest, and the 
 firm has since been J. M. Pottle and Son. At 
 the start nothing but common work was done, 
 and they employed but one man. They now do 
 the finest work, mostly to order, employing 
 twenty-five men, whom they pay $300 per week. 
 Their business amoimts to ••? 75.000 annually. The 
 factory occupies space of 125x1(30 feet. 
 
 In 1872, M. Eoeller began manufacturing car- 
 riages at 246 Second Avenue south, occupying a 
 building 22x104 feet, two stories high. In 1877, 
 he erected a brick building adjoining this, also 
 two stories high, and 22x65 feet. The first floor 
 is used for wood work and blacksmith shop and 
 as carriage repository, and the second floor for 
 trimming-room, painting, and finishing. The 
 shop gives work to fifteen men. 
 
 Martin Brothers' carriage manufactory, at 117 
 and 119 First Avenue north, commenced opera- 
 tions in 1878, on Third street south. In the spring 
 of 1880. they removed to their present quarters, 
 occupying the whole building, which is 40x100 
 feet, three stories above basement. The first 
 floor is used as a carriage repository and black- 
 smith shop, the latter occupying space 30x40 feet 
 in the rear. The second floor is used as trimming 
 room, wood shop and store-room. The painting 
 is done on the tliird floor, and the material is 
 stored in the basement. They employ about thirty 
 
 men. turnmg out light carriages, cutters, etc. 
 
 27 
 
 The firm is composed of C. H, and B. J. Martin, 
 who came to Minneapolis from Chicago in 1878. 
 
 Driscoll and Forsyth, manufacturers of haul- 
 off wagons and logging sleds, also do horse-shoe- 
 ing and general iilacksmithing, at Nos. 24 and 
 26 Main street northeast. The members of the firm 
 are D. Driscoll and W. Forsyth. The business 
 was established by 'Sir. Driscoll in 1875, and con- 
 ducted by hun until 1879, when the co-partner- 
 ship was formed. In October, 1879, they lost 
 their building by fire, but they immediately re- 
 built on an enlarged scale, and resumed two weeks 
 after, in a building 50x70 feet, two stories high, 
 where they now employ twelve men. 
 
 A. S. Converse began making wagons and car- 
 riages in 1855, in a one and one-half story build- 
 ing on First street, near Seventh Avenue north, 
 where the bridge crosses Bassetfs creek. After 
 staying there three years, he opened opposite 
 what is now the Wilbur House, and remained 
 there four years, was then out of business for two 
 years. Then associating with A. J. Wilson, oc- 
 cupied various locations, and finally opened on 
 Washington Avenue and Fourth Avenue north. 
 He there built two more shops and remained up 
 to the present time. The shop on Washington 
 Avenue was bimied in 1876, and a portion of the 
 one on First Avenue north in 1878, leaving three 
 small buildings, which he now occupies, doing 
 chiefly a repairing lousiness. Mr. Converse has 
 been awarded five premiums for fine carriage 
 and sleigh work, four at state fairs at St. Paul, 
 and one at Minneapolis. 
 
 James Iverson, wagon, canlage and sleigh 
 maker, began at First street and Second Avenue 
 north, in 1871, on a small scale. He now occu- 
 pies a building 22x90 feet, two stories high, twen- 
 ty-eight feet of whicli is of brick, communicating 
 with the work room in the rear by iron doors. 
 The upper floor is used as a trimming room. The 
 business amounts to 815,000 per year. 
 
 The Minneapolis Carriage Works, N. P. Swan- 
 berg, proprietor, was built in 1873, at 605 south 
 Third street. The busmess, amounting to |12,000 
 per annum, is carried on in a building 24x60 feet 
 two stories liigh, in which are employed twelve 
 men, whose pay roll is 100 per week. 
 
 Cook Brothers, H. T. and C. II., manufactm-ers 
 of wagons, carriages and express wagons, do all 
 kinds of repairing in wood and iron, requiring
 
 418 
 
 HISTORY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 two men. Their factory. 18x5-1 feet, is at 121 
 Thirteenth Avenue south. 
 
 Hennepin Carriage Works. 1502 Hennepin 
 Avenue, were commenced at the comer of Third 
 street and Thiid Avenue south, in the spring 
 of 1870, by John Clark. After various changes 
 in firm name, it was sold, and Mr. Clark worked 
 for other parties until the spring of 1880, when 
 he purchased his present place, which is a two- 
 storj- frame, 22x10, where he employs two men 
 besides himself. 
 
 Charles Buekendorf established busmess in 
 1870, manufacturing carriages, express wagons, 
 buggies, sleighs and the work usually tiu-ned 
 out by a general wagon-maker; also does repair- 
 ing, employing three men in the shop: located at 
 358 Fourth Avenue south. 
 
 Peterson & llunun, manufacturers of heavy 
 and light wagons, buggies, cutters, etc. This 
 firm was organized in 1877. and has smce enjoyed 
 a prosperous business, on First street, comer of 
 Fifth Avenue north. They do all kinds of re- 
 pairing in wood and iron. 
 
 There are a number of shops where wagon- 
 making and repairing is carried on. in connec- 
 tion with general blacksmithing and horse-shoe- 
 ing. Among them, Charles D. Brown, Bummert 
 & Thelen, J. Carey, M. W. Connor, Hem&Olin, 
 J. B. Hunt, McGregor & Mayn, G. Seibel and 
 Weier & Mangen. 
 
 J. K. Clark, proprietor of the box factory, in 
 the Island AVater Power Company's building, be- 
 gan business in 1878, in what is now the base- 
 ment of the Union Iron Works. He soon re- 
 moved to a place near the old Moulton planing 
 mUl, where he remained one year, and then re- 
 moved to his present stand, where he has two 
 stories, 40x50 feet. He employs eight men, and 
 does an annual business of from eight to ten 
 thousand dollars, dealing in boot and shoe, soap, 
 and many other kinds of boxes used for packing 
 articles of export. 
 
 The flight manufactorj- of C. E. Eastman was 
 commenced in 1879, on the second floor of the 
 Island Water Power Company's manufacturing 
 building, on Xicollet Island, where he has a room 
 20x10. The product, " flight," is a wooden pin, 
 used in the construction of conveyers for flouring 
 mills. The business, amounting to from $6,000 
 
 to |;7.000 per annum, is the only one of its kind 
 in the city. 
 
 In 1874, the " ilinneapoUs Stencil Works "' was 
 established by Elwood Levy, who, in the spring 
 of 1878. purchased the business of H. C. Hamlin, 
 and removed his stock to the stand of the latter, 
 on Second street and Xicollet Avenue, where the 
 concern remains. In August, 1880, George Walls 
 purchased it of ilr. 'Levy and associated with 
 himself, his son C. H. Walls, and A. M. Forres- 
 ter, under the firm name of George Walls and 
 Company. They make stencil plates, steel and 
 rubber stamps, and do seal engraving. 
 
 George L. Dickinson, paper box maker, 203 
 Hennepin Avenue, began business in 1878, on 
 the thii-d floor, m a room 22x70 feet, where he 
 employs four men, making goods which are 
 principally disposed of in the citj' and surround- 
 ing territory. 
 
 John Guth, paper box manufacturer, 121 iNic- 
 oUet Avenue, began business in 1875. He em- 
 ploys two men, in a basement room, 22x100 feet. 
 In connection with his paper box factorj' he con- 
 ducts a book and stationery store. 
 
 The pottery of J. C. Malchow, 804 north-east 
 Marshall sti-eet, was founded in 1870, manufac- 
 turing flower pots, terra cotta vases, rustic ware, 
 etc., employing three men, who produce 100,000 
 flower pots per year. 
 
 The Minneapolis Liquid Paint Company, was 
 organized July 1st, 1880, by T. J. Skiimer and 
 Company. The factory occupies room 40x50 
 feet in the Island Water Power Company's build- 
 ing, where they employ four men, producing 
 annually about 40.000 gallons of paint, which 
 they sell in Mimiesota, Iowa, Wisconsin, Dakota 
 and Manitoba. The power used is about twenty 
 horse. In connection with this business they do 
 house and sign painting and decorating. Their 
 oflSce is at 14 and 16 Third street south; 
 they employ from seventy-five to one hundred 
 men. 
 
 The trunk factory of Barnum and Goodrich 
 was founded in 1872, by D. D. Whitney, and is 
 the pioneer trunk factorj- of Mimieapolis. Sep- 
 tember 1st, 1880. Mr. Whitney was succeeded by 
 Barnum and Goodrich. Their stand is 25 AVash- 
 ington Avenue north, where they make all kinds 
 of trunks, valises and sample cases. They keep 
 the finest stock of auv establishment of the kind
 
 MANUFACTURERS. 
 
 419 
 
 in the state. The building is 25x85 .feet, four 
 stories in height, and is operated by steam. They 
 employ fifteen men, and do an annual business of 
 $30,000. The salesroom is in charge of Mr. Frank 
 Dunnigan, who is a practical trunk maker of large 
 experience, and who came to Jlinneapolis from 
 St. Louis, in 1876. Messrs. Barnum and Good- 
 rich are natives of Rochester, N. Y., whence they 
 came and purchased they business of Mr. Whit- 
 ney, who was compelled to retire on account of 
 ill health. 
 
 J. L. Grandy, maker of the "New Comet Wash- 
 ing Machhie," and repairer of clothes wringers, 
 commenced in 1879, at 253 Plymouth Avenue, 
 where he occupies a one story frame building, 
 22x30 feet, doing a rapidly increasing business. 
 
 Burnham Brothers, corner Tenth Avenue north, 
 and Second street, commenced business in June 
 1878, in a frame building 40x75, one story high, 
 where they manufacture well and sewer pipe, well 
 curbing and well curb stone. The business is 
 rapidly increasing and they are adding to their 
 facilities. 
 
 The carpet-lieating works, of F. C. Walker, 
 was established in the sprmg of 1879, for the 
 purpose of beating and cleaning carpets by anew 
 process, invented by the proprietor. During the 
 winter season he manufactures extension lad- 
 ders. The business employs six men, and is on 
 Nicollet Avenue, between Twelfth and Thirteenth 
 streets. 
 
 N. E. Colstrom, maker of brick machines, 
 moulds, trucks, wheelbarrows and turning 
 machines, first located in 1870, on the corner of 
 Second Avenue north and Sixth street. In 1880, 
 he removed to 1226 Seconcr Avenue north, where 
 he occupies a one and one-half story building, 
 18x32 feet, with a one-story addition, 18x20 feet, 
 Mr. Colstrom is the inventor of a turning ma- 
 chine, by which twelve bricks may be turned at 
 once, thus saving labor and greatly facilitating 
 the manufacture. 
 
 Slocum and Woodruff, manufacturers of buck- 
 skin gloves, mittens, etc., opened at 28 Second 
 street north, where they employ from eight to 
 twelve men. This business is rapidly increasing, 
 being 100 per cent greater in 1880, than in the 
 preceeding year. 
 
 J. H. Putnam, manufacturer of gloves and 
 mittens, 312 First Avenue south, began business 
 
 at 239 Nicollet Avenue, in 1878. He removed in 
 August, 1880, to his present location, where he 
 does a wholesale and retail business, occupying 
 the first floor and basement, and employing eight 
 men and twenty women. He tans his o\\'n ma- 
 terial on the East Side, near the University. 
 
 The Mmneapolis Dye Works of John D. 
 Meyer, No. 2 Hennepin Avenue, was established 
 in 1866, for the purpose of dyeing and scouring 
 all kinds of woolen goods, dresses, shawls, coats, 
 pants, carpet rags, etc. Mr. Meyer is a practical 
 dyer of long experience. 
 
 The Minnesota Soap Company was established 
 in 1862, by Ilechtman and Grethen, who em- 
 ployed six men. In 1872, the Minnesota Soap 
 Company was organized and incorporated, with 
 a capital of 175,000, and located on the corner of 
 Marshall street and Thirteenth Avenue northeast. 
 The members are H. Ilechtman, II. Grethen, 
 T. M. Pleins, and James Beach. The factory 
 consists of a building of stone and brick, 66x115 
 feet, two stories above basement, and a ware- 
 house 22x60 feet. The company employs twenty 
 persons in the factory, and three salesmen. The 
 trade extends throughout Minnesota. Iowa, Wis- 
 consin, Montana, Dakota, and Manitoba. 
 
 The jSIinueapolis Soap 'Works, owned by Pom- 
 eroy and Benner, was established in 1880, at Nos. 
 207, 209, and 211 north Fifth street. They em- 
 ploy ten men, and are at a weekly expense of 
 about8l,000. The goods are sold in Minnesota, 
 Wisconsin, and Dakota. 
 
 The Minnesota Linseed Oil Company, the pio- 
 neer maiuifactory of oil from flaxseed grown in 
 the state, was organized in 1869, as a firm, by G. 
 Scheithn, D. C. Bell, J. K. and II. G. Sidle. In 
 1870, after the works had begun to be successful, 
 they were totally destroyed by fire, but were im- 
 mediately rebuilt on an enlarged scale, and the 
 present company incorporated. Since 1870 they 
 have fostered among the farmers of JMinnesota 
 and Iowa the new industry of raising flaxseed, of 
 which they use 100,000 bushels annually. The 
 factory produces 200,000 gallons of linseed oil, 
 2,000 tons of oil-cake, whicli is largely exported 
 to England and Scotland, and from 150 to 200 
 tons of putty. The company has, within the past 
 year, added to their other products the prepara- 
 tion of liquid paint, thus consuming the surplus 
 linseed oil hitherto shipped abroad, and adding
 
 420 
 
 HISTOEY OF HUNNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 150,000 to the annual income. The works are 
 operated, day and night, by a seventy-five liorse- 
 power engine, and furnish employment to about 
 thirty men. 
 
 The Star Oil Company, A. M. Dole and Com- 
 pany, was fonned in October, 1878, and manufac- 
 tures and deals in lubricating and burning oils. 
 They occupy a building 24x60 feet, at 216 Third 
 Avenue south, and as they are alone in the state, 
 their business is rapidly increasing. This concern 
 also handles a gasoline stove, which is meeting 
 with general satisfaction as the most practical in 
 use, and which is being extensively sold. It is 
 designed for summer use. 
 
 The cracker manufactory iiwned by II. F. Lil- 
 libridge, was started in 1870, by J. C. Gardner, at 
 No. 20 "Washington Avenue south. In 1873 Mr. 
 Lillibridge purchased and has since conducted 
 the same. In 1875 he removed to Nos. 13, and 17 
 Third street south, occupying a building 45x65 
 feet, and three stories high. In 1880 he erected 
 a four story brick building, 22x90, and now oc- 
 cupies both buildings. This establishment is the 
 largest of the kind in the north-west, employing 
 fifty persons, working day and night, making 
 from ion to 125 barrels of crackers, besides the 
 bread cake, etc., which is disposed of in the re- 
 tail department and using fiftj- barrels of flour 
 per day. He does a jobbing business m confection- 
 ery, nuts, etc., employing three travelmg sales- 
 men. 
 
 The confectionery manufactory of Bagley & 
 Fay, was started in 1878, by Bagley Bros, at the 
 present location, Xo. 244 First Avenue south. 
 The business changed hands a number of times 
 before August, 1880, when the present finn of 
 Bagley & Fay became the owners, manufacturing 
 and importing confectioneries. Their salesroom 
 is 20x30 feet, adjoining which is a work-room 
 20x40 feet. They do an annual business of 
 150,000, selling extensively in Dakota, Iowa and 
 Wisconsin. 
 
 The candy factory of J. B. Tinklepaugh was 
 commenced with a very limited capital, in 1877, 
 and the first year his business was correspondmg- 
 ly light, but has been steadily increasing, and 
 during the past year his busmess amounted to 
 about $7,000. During the winter of 1879^"80, he 
 used five tons of sugar, and during the summer 
 of 1880, manufactured between 1,700 and 1,800 
 
 gallons qf ice cream. His stand is at N"o. 219 
 Central Avenue. 
 
 In 1871, Joseph Miller began the manufacture 
 of candies and ice cream, at Xo. 127 Nicollet 
 Avenue, and in 1875, removed to his present lo- 
 cation, No. 253 Hennepin Avenue. His ma- 
 chinery is run by a twenty-four-inch hydraulic 
 motor of one horse-power, furnished by the city 
 water works. 
 
 On the 1st day of October, 1874, E. M. May 
 established his candy manufactory at No. 307 
 Nicollet Avenue, where his first year's business 
 amoimted to about ^3.000. This has gradually 
 increased to an annual receipt of -^8,000, He 
 employs six persons, and makes all kinds of plain 
 and fancy dishes for suppers, parties, etc. Mr. 
 May makes a specialty of ice creams, producing 
 the past year over 2,000 gallons, a portion of 
 which he shipped to various pomts in Minneso- 
 ta and Wisconsin. 
 
 In 1878, G. Bagley commenced to make candy, 
 with his brother, on First Avenue south, where 
 they remained mitil the spring of 1880, when he 
 formed a co-partnership with S. C. Weeks, under 
 the name of Bagley & Weeks, who began opera- 
 tions in the rear of Jones & Abbott's fruit store. 
 In December, 1880. they removed to No. 316 
 Nicollet Avenue, the present quarters, soon 
 after which "Mr. Weeks retired, and Mr. Bagley 
 has since conducted the business alone. 
 
 In 1850 John Orth built a wooden structure, 
 18x30 feet, on the site of his present brewery. No. 
 1215 Marshall street northeast. Here he brewed 
 the first beer made in Hennepm county, using a 
 kettle holding but two and one-half barrels. He 
 now uses a vat holding one himdred and twenty 
 barrels. The concern has a fermenting cellar, 
 holding 1,600 barrels, storage for 3.500 barrels, 
 two malt houses, one with a capacity for about 
 75,000 bushels, one holding 20.000 bushels, and 
 cooling rooms. Formerly cellars dug in sand 
 rock were used, but have been replaced by ice- 
 cellars, for which ice is stored in a house holding 
 5,000 tons. An artesian well on the premises 
 supplies the water. 
 
 Gluek's brewery was started in a little wooden 
 building, in 1857, by Rank and Gluek, on Mar- 
 shall street, near Twenty-second Avenue north- 
 east, where it nov*' stands. In 1863, Mr. Gluek 
 pm'chased Mr. Rank's interest, and run it alone:
 
 WHOLESALE HOUSES. 
 
 421 
 
 iintil his death, which occurred October 16th, 
 1880. March 20, 1880, the wooden portion was 
 destroyed by fire, but Mr. GUiek immediately be- 
 gan to rebuild, and had nearly completed it 
 wlien his death occurred. The present building 
 is of lirick, two stories high, and 20x60 feet. The 
 first floor is used as a brewing room, 22x60 feet, 
 and the balance for a malt cellar. In connection 
 are two ice houses, one 24x50 feet, and another 
 24x52 feet. The capacity of the new brewery is 
 forty-five barrels per day. 
 
 The Minneapolis Brewery, Mueller & Hein- 
 rich proprietors, was built in 1860, by Kranzlein 
 & Mueller. It is located on the lower levee, on 
 the Mississippi river; is 40x60 feet, with storage 
 capacity of 2,800 barrels. Kranzlein & Mueller 
 conducted the concern until 1869, when Mr. 
 Kranzlein became the sole owner, and conducted 
 it four years, and then conveyed it to Mueller & 
 Heini'ich, who have enlarged it from time to 
 time, erecting in 1875 a stone building 30x40 feet, 
 two and one-half stories high, used for brewing, 
 in 1876, a three-story brick, 30x40 feet, used for 
 boiler-house and other purposes, besides a malt- 
 kiln and malt-house and three ice-houses. The 
 aggregate storage capacity is now 6,000 barrels. 
 In 1880, they put in a sixty horse-power boiler, in 
 addition to one of thirty horse-power, and they 
 now have a brewery equipped in a thoroughly 
 first-class maimer throughout. 
 
 The City Brewery, located on Twentieth Ave- 
 nue south, corner of Bluff street, was founded 
 by Mr. Zahler, who took in as partner Mr. Noer- 
 enberg. Mv. Zahler dying, F. D. Noerenberg 
 has had possession since May, 1880. The estab- 
 lishment is thoroughly equipped, and employs 
 eight men, to whom eighty-live dollars per week 
 are paid. 
 
 CHAPTER LXVI. 
 
 "WHOLESALE TRADE — DKY GOODS — GEOCERIES — 
 OTHER BUSINESS HOUSES. 
 
 Minneapolis enjoys such facilities, from the 
 many lines of railroads centering here, as makes 
 it naturally a gi'eat distributing point for the 
 
 north-west. Many wholesale establishments have 
 been located here, and the trade is increasing. 
 The failure of N. B. Harwood and Company, a 
 large dry goods house, dirring the last year, was 
 a blow to the trade, though attributable to the 
 personal management, and not to lack of advan- 
 tages in the location. The tributary territory is 
 constantly increasuig by the extension and mul- 
 tiplication of railroads, in fertile agi'icultural 
 districts. The wholesale trade in 1880, amounted 
 to $24,299,000, with an increase of 110,000,000 
 over that of the preceding year, divided as fol- 
 lows : groceries, 56,285,000 ; dry goods, clotliing, 
 hats and caps, |3,691,000; wines, liquors and 
 cigars, |1 ,150,000; queensware, drugs and oils, 
 $850,700 ; hardware and stoves, §1,825,300 : boots, 
 shoes, leather and hides, •11,675,200 ; crackers and 
 confectionery, §260,000; paper and stationery, 
 1350,000; agricultural implements, $3,750,000; 
 furniture, and carpets, etc.; •1637,000; produce com- 
 mission, 13,625,000. 
 
 The retail trade of the city is represented by 
 more than four hundred firms, whose business 
 aggregates about $18,000,000, according to trust- 
 worthy estimates. 
 
 The wholesale dry goods and notion house of 
 Wyman, MuUin and VanDyke, 214 and 216 Hen- 
 nepin Avenue, was established in April, 1875, by 
 Wyman and Mullin, and is the first wholesale 
 dry goods and notion house founded in Minne- 
 apolis. At first the firm t)ccupied but one floor, 
 but the trade soon increased, and they were com- 
 pelled to rent the entire building, including three 
 floors and a basement. In the spring of 1880, 
 they had a building erected expressly for their 
 business. This is a brick structure, foiu-- 
 stories high, cut stone front, 30x125 feet. In 
 July, 1880, W. J. Yan Dyke entered the firm, the 
 capital was mcreased, and trade extended. The 
 firm employs thirty men in and about the build- 
 ing, and keeps seven traveling salesmen constantly 
 on the road. The trade extends throughout Iowa, 
 Wisconsin, Minnesota, Dakota and Montana, 
 and is a fair indication of the splendid facilities 
 presented by JSlinneapolis as a wholesale business 
 centi'e. 
 
 Coykendall Brothers and Company, wholesale 
 dealers in dry goods, notions, hosiery, white 
 goods, etc., No's 118 and 120, Washington Avenue 
 north, commenced business in 1873, in a retail
 
 422 
 
 HISTOST OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 dry goods house, wliicli they continued until 
 1877, wlien tbey retired from this, and confined 
 their attention exclusively to wholesale trade. 
 Their building is 50x100 feet four stories high, 
 where tliey employ twelve men as salesmen, book- 
 keepers, etc. They also have four traveling 
 salesmen, who carry the trade throughout ilinue- 
 sota, Iowa, Dakota, and a portion of Wisconsin, 
 The sales for 18S0 amounted to -fodO.OOO, 
 
 The wholesale and retail dr)- goods and no- 
 tion house of Goodfellow and Eastman, was 
 started in the Herrick block, in 1878. These 
 quarters soon proved inadequate for their busi- 
 ness, and they moved into the block built 
 expressly for them by Mr. Casey. This build- 
 ing has a front of Lemont, Illinois, hme- 
 Btone, and is four stories high. It is one of 
 the finest buildings in the state, and is wholly 
 occupied by this firm. The basement is used 
 for storing and receiving goods, the first 
 floor as general retail sales-room, second floor as 
 cloak and show room, the third floor for storing 
 heavy goods, and the fourth floor is devoted en- 
 tirely to fancy goods and notions. They employ 
 about sixty persons in and about their house. 
 Tlieir retail business extends over the whole of 
 Minnesota, and the jobbing business over the 
 Northern and AVestern states and territories to 
 the Pacific. 
 
 George W. Hale and Company, retail dealers 
 in dvx goods and notions, began business in 1868, 
 on Washington Avenue south, with but two 
 salesmen. In 1872, they removed to their 
 present quarters, 301 and 303 NicoUet Avenue. 
 The buUding has a frontage of 44 feet, a depth 
 of 120 feet, and was built expressly for this firm, 
 by J. G. Gluck. The first year the business 
 amounted to but ^25,000; In 18S(» it was 
 $300,000. The members of the firm are George 
 W., and Jefferson M. Hale. 
 . Eichelzer and Company, hatters and fiu-riers, 
 No. 212 XicoUet Avenue, do principally a retail 
 business, and mamifactiire fur goods, cloth hats 
 and caps, and ^lackinaw hats. The house was 
 established in 1871, by D. and W. Ilandly, at the 
 present stand, and pmx-hased in August, 1872, by 
 P. F. Eichelzer and J. S. Snoddy. Mr. Snoddy 
 died' in July, 1874. and August following, Mr. 
 Eichelzer became the sole proprietor. At the 
 time of the Central block fire, Mi-. Eichelzer suf- 
 
 fered with his neighbors, but saved most of his 
 stock. In March, 1879, R. A. Lanpher, of St. 
 Paid, was admitted to the firm, which became 
 Eichelzer and Company. 
 
 E. B. Preston and Company, wholesale and re- 
 tail dealers in leather and rubber belting, rubber 
 boots, clothing, and all kinds of rubber goods, be- 
 gan business at Xo. 240 Hennepin Avenue, 
 in January. 1880. As their ti-ade increased, they 
 removed, in May following, to Xo. 203 Xicollet 
 Avenue, where they occupy one floor and the 
 basement. 2-5x100 feet. The firm employs six 
 men, t\vo of whom are traveling salesmen, who 
 do business throughout Minnesota, AVisconsin, 
 Iowa, and Dakota. The members of the firm are 
 E. B. Preston, who has a large house m Chicago, 
 and W. S. Xott, who has charge of the Minnea- 
 polis department. They represent the Xew York 
 Belting and Packing Company in the West, and 
 are the only firm who handle this line of goods 
 exclusively. 
 
 H. G. Harrison and Co., wholesale grocers, or- 
 ganized in May, 1880, and located Lii the Wol- 
 ford block, on Hennepin Avenue, but the building 
 was insufficiently strong to hold the heavy goods 
 which were stored on the upper floors, and soon 
 fell. In June they occupied three floors, one 
 hundred feet square, in Bracketfs block, doing 
 an exclusively wholesale business, and carrying 
 an extensive stock, doing business in northern 
 Iowa. Wisconsin. Minnesota, Dakota and Mon- 
 tana. The firm employs twentj- men, six of 
 whom are constantly traveling. During the first 
 year the sales amounted to SI .500.000. The mem- 
 bers of the firm are II. G. Harrison and Frank B. 
 Felt, both of extensive experience. 
 
 Anthony Kelly and Co.. wholesale grocers, 
 X'os. 125, 127 and 129 Washington Avenue north, 
 located there in 1877. In 1858, Messrs. P. H. and 
 Anthony Kelly established a grocery business 
 on AVashington Avenue and Second Avenue south, 
 domg a retail trade. In 1860, their business had 
 increased to such a degree that they were com- 
 pelled to seek more room, and they removed into 
 the building now used as the Xational hotel, and 
 after a year into Dayton block; removed next to 
 Bridge square and First street. The firm was 
 known as Kelly and Brother imtil 1864. when P. 
 H. Kelly retired, and commenced business in St. 
 Paid. Anthony Kelley continued the business
 
 WHOLESALE GBOCEBIES. 
 
 423 
 
 alone, and in March, 1866, was bmned out, and 
 then took possession of the building known as 
 the Kelly block. The firm was then known as A. 
 Kelly and Co., and remained in Kelly's block 
 until 1877. The building now occupied is 66x100 
 feet, and three stories in height, above basement, 
 and has an extension of 57x66 feet, one story and 
 basement, in rear. The business is exclusively 
 wholesale, and employs thirty-two men, six of 
 whom are tiaveling salesmen. In 1880, it 
 amounted to SI, •500,000, and extended tln'ough- 
 out the northwest. 
 
 Hart, Monroe & Tliomas, proprietors of the 
 Minneapolis Spice Mills and wholesale fancy gro- 
 cers, are located at 108 Washington Avenue south. 
 The business was established in 1870, by Squires, 
 Hart & Company, who continued it until 1876, at 
 which time the firm of Hart, ]Monroe & Thomas 
 was organized, and has since conducted the busi- 
 ness. It is the only establishment of the kind in 
 the state tluit makes a specialy of its own brands, 
 and grinding spices of all kinds. Their building 
 is 22x130 feet, three stories high above the base- 
 ment. In the rear is a brick building used as an 
 engine, roasting and griuding-room. An engine 
 of fifteen horse-power turns the machinery. 
 This consists of three large roasting cylinders of 
 recent invention, two griniling machines, one of 
 which is a small set of buhrs, and two machines 
 for roasting coffee, the capacity being one ton 
 per day. The firm employs ten men, four sales- 
 men traveling constantly, the trade being extend- 
 ed throughout northern Iowa, Wisconsin, Minne- 
 sota, Dakota and Montana. 
 
 The wholesale grocery of George K. Newell & 
 Company, Nos. 9, 11 and 1-3 Washington Avenue 
 north, was founded in 1870, by Stevens, Morse & 
 Newell. In 187.^^, Messrs. Stevens and Morse re- 
 tired, and the firm of Newell & Harrison was or- 
 ganized, and continued until May, 1879, since 
 when Mr. Newell has had entire control of the 
 business. The first year's business amounted to 
 to 125,000, and in 1880 to 12,000,000. 
 
 S. G. Palmer and Company, wholesale fancy 
 grocers, occupy a building which was erected ex- 
 pressly for their use, at Nos. 12 and 14 Washing- 
 ton Avenue north. The Inisiness was established 
 in March, 1878, and S. G. Palmer and Company 
 took charge of it in April, 1880. The building is 
 44x85 feet, of which they occupy the first flogr 
 
 and basement. The carrj- a full line of fruits and 
 fancy groceries, employing three traveling sales- 
 men. They do business in all parts of Minneso- 
 ta and Dakota. 
 
 The house of Dunham and .lohnson, wholesale 
 grocers, was founded in 1870, and does business at 
 212 Hennepin Avenue, where they occupy a build- 
 ing 28x125 feet, four stories high and basement. 
 They employ twelve men, four as traveling sales- 
 men, and do an annual business of about §700,000, 
 extending throughout Minnesota and portions of 
 the adjoining states and territories. 
 
 The wholesale grocery house of W. W. Ham- 
 son and Company occupies the Oswald building. 
 No. 19 Washington Avemie north. Their build- 
 ing is 25x125 feet, four stories and basement. 
 In 1877, W. W. Harrison commenced business at 
 222 Heimepin Avenue, dealing wholly in fancy 
 groceries by wholesale. In September, 1880, the 
 firm of W. W. Harrison and Company was or- 
 ganized, and they caiTy a full line of staple and 
 fancy gi-oceries, employing thirteen men, and do- 
 ing busmess in Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Da- 
 kota. 
 
 Harrison and Knight, wholesale dealers in sad- 
 dlery hardware, wagon and carriage material and 
 iron, commenced, at No. 207 Nicollet Avenue, 
 in 1877, and continued until September 1st, 1880, 
 when they removed to their newbuildmg on First 
 Avenue south, between Washington Avenue and 
 Third street. This is 45x135 feet, and has five 
 floors, and is so arranged that light is received on 
 all sides. Two hydraulic elevators, one for pass- 
 engers and one for freight, giving access from 
 floor to floor. The firm employs twelve men, four 
 of whom are traveling salesmen, supplying cus- 
 tomers throughout the north-west. The annual 
 business amounts to $300,000. 
 
 J. II. Thompson's clothing house is at No. 118 
 Hennepin Avenue, in a three-story brick build- 
 ing, 45x100 feet, built by himself, in 1871. Mr. 
 Thompson started in business in Minneapolis in 
 1857, on Second Avenue south, opposite the St. 
 James Hotel. He remained here until 1858, and 
 moved to Pirst street, near where the hay market 
 now is; thence to a builduig near the suspension 
 bridge, where he remained until the completion 
 of a building erected by him at No. 109 Nicollet 
 Avenue. Here he opened, in connection with his 
 tailoring department, a stock of clothing, June
 
 424 
 
 HISTOBY OF HENNEPIA' COUNTY. 
 
 11th. 1860. This building and stock were de- 
 stroyed by fire, and Mr. Thompson went into 
 the Nicollet House, where he remained until 
 1871, when he purchased his present site and 
 erected a building on it. 
 
 The New York Clothmg House, owned by K. 
 Kees and Bro., is at the corner Hennepin Ave- 
 nue and Second street, in Kees' block. Mr. 
 Rees commenced the business alone, in 1869, un- 
 der Pence opera house, where he remained imtil 
 1878, when he purchased ground at his present 
 location, and erected a brick building, three 
 stories high above basement, 22x85 feet. In 1878, 
 Gns. Eees took an interest in the business, and the 
 firm has large branch houses in Stillwater and 
 Mankato, and do an annual business of §loO,- 
 000, employing sixteen men. 
 
 G. S. Butler, proprietor of the U. T. K. cloth- 
 ing house, began in 1876, at Xo. Ill "Washington 
 Avenue south, the firm known as Griffith, Roberts 
 and Butler. In 1878, they removed to 210, 
 Nicollet and 211 Hennepin Avenue, the store 
 extending from avenue to avenue. Pre\-i- 
 ous to 1879, Mr. Butler had been business 
 manager of the firm, and in September of that 
 year, purchased the interests of the other two, 
 since when he has conducted it alone. 
 
 Fuller and Simpson's hat and shirt store, was 
 founded in 1870, by C. A. Fuller and E. F. GU- 
 1am, in the Nicollet House block, a few doors 
 from their present location, comer of Washing- 
 ton and Nicollet Avenues, and they carried 
 a complete stock of gents" furnishing goods, 
 hats, caps, etc. In 1874, Mr. Gillam sold his 
 interest to G. H. Simpson, and the firm then 
 added a sliirt manufactory, and in 1878, a laun- 
 dry, for which they rented a room 22x100 feet, 
 at No. 210 Firet Avenue south, and were soon 
 compelled to occupy the entire building; they 
 employ five men and thirty guls. Laundry 
 work from all parts of the state is sent to them 
 by express. Their gents" furnishing department 
 and factory is in the Nicollet House block, occu- 
 pying first floor and basement, 22x90 feet, where 
 they employ five men and twenty-five girls. 
 
 Boston One Price Clothing Store, E. H. Steele 
 proprietor, was established August 1st, 1874, in a 
 room 22x85 f eet , in the Academy of ^lusic . Janu- 
 ary 1st, 1876, another room was added and since 
 then he has enlarged from time to time, and now 
 
 occupies five rooms, four of them 22x85 and one 
 30x40, and the basement, which is 85x110 feet. 
 The house employs seventy men, fifty of whom are 
 engaged in the manufacture of clothing to order, 
 and during the dull season in making ready-made 
 clothing. The other twenty men are salesmen, 
 book-keepers, etc. The business, the first year, ■ 
 was 865,000, and in 1880, was S200.000. 
 
 J. H. Kerrick and Co."s machineiy depot. No. 
 254 First Avenue south, was opened October, 
 1880, for handling iron and wood working ma- 
 chineiT and sujiplies of every description. The 
 main manufactory is located at IndianapoUs. In- 
 diana. The branch at Minneapolis, imder the 
 supervision of A. H. Goode. is the only establish- 
 ment in the north-west that deals exclusively in 
 this line of goods, which supplies a want long felt 
 in Minneapolis and the north-west. They occupy 
 room and basement 50x80. 
 
 C. W. Shatto. agricultural implement dealer, 
 opened business in 1873, with the firm of Jones, 
 Shatto and Co. In 1875, R. H. Jones withdrew 
 from the firm and went into the Har\ester works, 
 and the firm became Shatto and Christian. In 
 1878, Mr. Shatto purchased Mr. Christian's Interest, 
 and has since conducted the busmess alone. He 
 has branch houses at Fergus Falls and Can'er. 
 His present location is No. 307 Washington 
 Avenue north. 
 
 Clark and Mackroth opened their agricultural 
 implement depot at No. 218 Washlngtou Avenue 
 north, in December, 1879, and have already ac- 
 quired a good and extensive business. They are 
 special northwestern agents for Furst and Bradley, 
 of Chicago, Studebaker Brothers Manufacturing 
 Company, South Bend, Indiana; the Ohio Steel 
 Barb Fence Company, Cleveland: Detroit Safe 
 Company, Detroit, Michigan; and the LaClade Fke 
 Brick Manufacturing Company. They also do a 
 jobbing business In miscellaneous articles. The 
 members of the firm are George A. Claik and Otto 
 H. Mackroth. 
 
 Franklin Steele. Jr., and Company, agi-icultm-al 
 implement dealers, commenced doing business in 
 1880, in a brick building 44x140 feet, on the comer 
 of First street and Second Avenue south. They 
 carry an immense stock, which they dispose of by 
 wholesale and retail, in iiinnesota -and adjouiing 
 states and temtories. 
 
 W. H. Jones and Company, dealers in agricul-
 
 BANKS AND BANKERS. 
 
 425 
 
 tural implements, N'os. 206 and 208 Wasliington 
 Avenue north, commenced January 1st, 1878. 
 They are state agents for the Marsh Harvester, 
 Wire and Twine Binders, and Warrior mowers. 
 During the year 1880, the business amounted to 
 about *1, 100,000. 
 
 George Blake, dealer in Domestic sewing ma- 
 chines, has branch offices in St. I'aul and Still- 
 water. In 1879-80, he erected the building now 
 occupied by him at 320 Nicollet Avenue. This 
 building is 44x86 feet, four stories high. Tlie 
 front is of Ohio sandstone, and is highly orna- 
 mental. The pavement in front of this building 
 is the first area stone sidewalk laid in the city. 
 On the first floor ^Ir. Blake has his salesroom. 
 The second and third lloors are rented for oflices, 
 and the fourth for sleeping apartments. At the 
 time Air. Blake came to ^Minneapolis, there were 
 but 30() Domestic sewing machines per year sold 
 in Minnesota ; but now his sales amount to 2,o00 
 per year, requiring sixteen salesmen. 
 
 Winecke and DoeiT, wliolesale and retail deal- 
 ers in tobacco and cigars, established a retail 
 business in 1873, on Washington Avenue south, 
 where they remained imtil 1875, when they re- 
 moved to No. 25 Washington Avenue south, and 
 commenced a wholesale and retail business, em- 
 ploying five men. Then- goods are sold m Min- 
 nesota, Wisconsin, Iowa and Dakota. 
 
 Harpman and Gronauer, manufacturers and 
 wholesale dealers in cigars, etc., No. 39 Washing- 
 ton Avenue south, employ three traveling sales- 
 men, doing business in Minnesota, Wisconsin, 
 Iowa and Dakota. The business was first started 
 at No. 114 Hennepin Avenue, by Harpman Bros., 
 who conducted it until October, 1879, when J. A. 
 Gronauer purchased an interest, and the firm be- 
 came Harpman and Gronauer. 
 
 George F. Warner, undertaker and dealer in 
 furniture and upliolstery, commenced business 
 in 1857, and is the oldest established furniture 
 dealer in Minneapolis. His furniture salesroom. 
 No. 325 Nicollet Avenue, is 26x80 feet, and oc- 
 cupies three floors. His undertaking warerooms 
 at No. 106 Washington Avenue south, are 
 22x100 feet, and occupy two floors. Mr. Warner 
 has three line hearses, and two furniture trucks, 
 and does an annual business of about ij 60,000. 
 
 Wm. Glessner and son, furniture dealers and 
 midertakers, No. 211 Central Avenue, commenced 
 
 manufacturing fiuniture in 1859, and continued 
 until 1865, when they retired from manufactm-- 
 ing and entered the retail business. Their an- 
 nual business amounts to about 115,000, and is 
 done in a two-story building, 22x80 feet. They 
 employ three men. 
 
 A. H. Edsten, No. 303 Washington Avenue 
 south, dealer in all kinds of furniture, occupies 
 as salesrooms, two floors 22x50 feet, and a shop 
 16x35 feet, two stories higli. He commenced 
 in 1871, and does an annual business of about 
 17,000. 
 
 Phelps & Bradstreet, dealers in furniture and 
 draperies, at Nos. 421 and 423 Nicollet Avenue, 
 organized in April, 1878, They occupy one floor, 
 44x120, and three floors 44x75, doing an annual 
 business of 170,000 in fine furniture, draperies 
 and artistic house-furnishing. They make the 
 finest display of draperies and fine furniture of 
 any house west of Chicago. All their finest dra- 
 peries and decorations being made to order. 
 The business is rapidly increasing. 
 
 CHAPTER LXVII. 
 
 BANKS— BOARD OF TRADE — CLEARING HOUSE 
 — RAILROADS— INSURANCE COMPANIES. 
 
 The records of the past twenty-seven years, 
 which have elapsed since the first bank in what 
 is now Minneapolis, came into existence, show 
 twenty-four such institutions, only ten of which 
 are still in existence. Before entering the field 
 of the banks of to-day, we will review the in- 
 stitutions which once m existence, have since 
 wound up their affairs. The history begms with 
 Snyder & McFarlane, bankers and Inokers. who 
 commenced busmess in 1854, continuing to 1858, 
 about four years. C. II. Pettit, banker and brok- 
 er, was the second, commencing in the fall of 
 1855, continuing to 1859. Next, Beede & Men- 
 denhall, bankers and brokers, organized April 
 27th, 1856; they afterward organized the State 
 Bank of Mmnesota, with K. J. MeudenhaU, pres-
 
 426 
 
 HISTOBY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 ident, and R. J. Baldwin, cashier. Dorman & 
 Pliinney, bankers and brolcers, commenced busi- 
 ness in tlie spring of 18o7. and continued till 
 1861. Grow & Phimiey began in 18.57. continu- 
 ing to 1862 as bankers and brokers. 
 
 R. J. Baldwin, banker and broker, commenced 
 business in 1857. In 1862 he organized the State 
 Bank with R. J. Mendenhall, president, and R. 
 J. Baldwin, cashier. The State National Bank 
 grew out of the State Bank of Minnesota and con- 
 tinued up to 1876. when it wound up business. 
 The Xational Exchange Bank started in 1867, 
 with HeniT Miller, president, and AV. P. West- 
 fall, cashier, and in 1875 closed its business. 
 The State Savings Association was organized in 
 1866 and continued business to 1873. The Ex- 
 change Savings Bank was organized in 1868 and 
 in 1871, it closed business. The National Ex- 
 change was organized in 1869 and merged into the 
 Merchants National of Ilastmgs. It subsequent- 
 ly moved to Minneapolis and changed to the 
 Merchants National Bank, but February 1st, 1881, 
 went into liquidation. In 1873 the Scandmavian 
 Bank came to the surface but immediately sank. 
 Sparks and McPherson, brokers, opened in 1870 
 and in 1875, wound up. The Lumbermen's Bank 
 commenced business in 1876 but soon after closed 
 up its afifah-s. 
 
 EXISTIXC; BAXKS. 
 
 Ten banks are now doing business m Minne- 
 apolis, seven of which represent an aggregate 
 capital of S2.550,U0O: the remainuig three are 
 private bankers and brokers. The capital of com- 
 panies of the first class varies from $1,000,000, the 
 capital of tlie Security to ^50.000 of the City Bank. 
 To facihtate the banking business of the city a 
 clearing house has been established, where the 
 daUy balances of the banks are settled. 
 
 The Security Bank. This staunch and vigor- 
 ous uistitution takes prominent place among the 
 many successful business enterprises of which 
 Minneapolis can boast. Laundiing upon the 
 linancial tide January 2, 1878. witli a cash cai> 
 ital of $300,000, its admirable management so 
 developed its business that eaily in 1879. ^100,- 
 000 more stock was added, and hi February, 
 1880, the fiu-ther addition of |600,000 brought 
 its capital up to $1,000,000. all of which was 
 promptly paid in, and of the entire stock all but 
 929,200 is owned by residents of MinneapoUs. 
 
 The Bank building is situated on Hennepin 
 Avenue, corner of Third street, and is one of the 
 finest buildings in the city. The officers of the 
 bank are : President — T. A. HaiTison ; Vice 
 President — H. G. Hamson; Cashier — J. Dean; 
 Assistant Cashier — A. J. Dean; Directors — T. 
 A. Harrison, H. G. Harrison. J. Dean. Hon. 
 C. E. Vanderburgh, Franklin Beebe, W. W. 
 McNair, J. M. Shaw. C. C. "Washburn and 
 Franklin Steele. 
 
 First National Bank. The history of this bank 
 is one of general interest, and deser^■es more 
 than a passing notice. Its existence dates from 
 October. 1857.whena local bank was opened imder 
 the firm name of Sidle, Wolford and Company, 
 imder which title they enjoyed a flattering degree 
 of prosperit\ for three years. ^\hen they organ- 
 ized a Bank of Issue under the state law, as the 
 Bank of Minneapolis. Under this title they did 
 a prosperous business imtil 1864. when the system 
 of national banks was mstituted and the name 
 was again changed to the Fu-st National Bank 
 of MinneapoUs. The financial history of the 
 bank is one of steady, solid giowth. Its reverses 
 have been few, while its prosperity has been aU 
 its founders could wish. Beginnmg with a cash 
 capital of $-50,000, it soon rose to $200,000 by 
 the accumulation of undivided profits, after pay- 
 ing a regular dividend of twenty-four per cent, 
 to its stock-holders. .January 1, 1879, $400,000 
 was subscribed and paid in. making a cash cap- 
 ital of $600,000, mostly owned by residents of 
 ilinneapoUs. Its stock has always been far 
 above par, and is eagerly sought to-day at 125 
 per cent. The elegant bank building is situated 
 on the corner of Nicollet and Wasliington Ave- 
 nues, and is a credit to the city. 
 
 Northwestern National Bank. This institution 
 was founded in 1872, with a paid up cajntal of 
 $200,000, and started on a career of prosperity 
 equalled by few, if any, of the banking uistitu- 
 tions of the northwest. At the time of the or- 
 ganization, D. ^lorrison was elected president, 
 and S. E. NeUer cashier; and in 1875, Mr. II. T. 
 "Welles was elected president, m the place of D. 
 Morrison, whose term had expired. In 1876. an 
 addition of $300,000 was made to the original 
 stock, making the capital stock a half million dol- 
 lars. In the fall of 1879, owing to the defalca- 
 tion of the assistant cashier, a loss of $127,000
 
 EXISTING BANKS. 
 
 427 
 
 was sustained, but on account of the flourishing 
 condition of the bank, the loss had been made 
 good before January 1st, 1880, by the subscription 
 of 1100,000 from tlie stockholders, and $27,000 
 earnings of the bank. July 1st, 18S0,the surplus 
 earnings amounted to 124,000. This institution 
 is considered one of the solid establishments of 
 the city, and their elegant and substantial build- 
 ing, erected in 1872-3, located at the corner of 
 Washington and First Avenues south, is looked 
 upon with pride by the citzens of ]SIiinieapolis. 
 The present otticers of the bank are as follows : 
 H. T. Welles, president ; S. A. Harris, cashier ; 
 W. E. Burwell, assistant cashier. 
 
 The City Bank. The organization of tliis 
 institution dates from 1869, when a private bank 
 with a capital of $50,000 was established. J. W. 
 Pence, president, and T. J. Buxton, casliier. Oc- 
 tober 10th, 1872, it was reorganized as a stock 
 bank, with a capital of $150,000, which was in- 
 creased the follo\%ing year to 1200,000. The offi- 
 cers were J. W. Pence, president; T. F. Thomp- 
 son, vice-president; T. J. Buxton, cashier. Janu- 
 ary, 1874, Mr. Harrison succeeded Mr. Thompson 
 to the office of vice-president, and in 1878 he was 
 succeeded by John Watson. The officers at 
 present are: J. W. Johnson, president; John 
 Watson, vice-president; T. J. Buxton, cashier, and 
 Charles McC. Eeeve, assistant cashier. The bank 
 has had a prosperous career from the outset and 
 from its organization as a stock bank has declared 
 large dividends, without the omission of a single 
 year. As evidence of the increase of business, the 
 bank handled in 1872, 15,108,000, and in 1880, 
 only eight years later, this sum was increased to 
 135,374,000, actual cash transactions. The bank 
 is located corner of Hennepin Avenue and Second 
 street. 
 
 The Hennepin County Savings Bank. This 
 institution first opened its doors to the public 
 September 1st, 1870, and is therefore just enter- 
 ing upon its second decade of remarkable pros- 
 perity and usefulness. Its founders and first 
 Board of Trustees were the following well known 
 gentlemen : E. S. Jones, J. E. Bell, S. A. Harris, 
 D. C. Bell and J. H. Clark. Its first coi-ps of of- 
 ficers from their number as follows, viz. : E. S. 
 Jones, president ; J. II. Clark, vice-president; 
 J. E. Bell, cashier. In 1873, Mr. D. C. Bell was 
 elected vice-president in place of Mr. J. H. 
 
 Clark, deceased — during the same year Mr. S. A. 
 Harris was chosen to the newly created position 
 of assistant cashier. Such comprised the man- 
 agement until September, 1879, when ilr. Harris 
 resigned his position to accept tlie more respon- 
 sible one of cashier of the North- Western Nati- 
 onal Bank of this city. Mr. W. H. Lee for many 
 years, the bank's efficient teller, succeeded Mr. 
 Harris as assistant cashier. The present board 
 of trustees is the same as the original board, 
 with the exception of Hon. George A. Pillsbury 
 in place of J. H. Clark, deceased. The present 
 officers are — E. S. Jones, president; D. C. Bell, 
 vice-president; J. E. Bell, cashier; W. H. Lee, 
 assistant cashier. Tlie high esteem and confi- 
 dence in which this institution is held by the pub- 
 lic, is evidenced by the fact that it ranks to-day, 
 tlie foremost institution of its kind in the state. 
 In one decade its deposits have reached the hand- 
 some aggregate of over $400,000, representing 
 2,000 and more open accounts, and the rate of in- 
 crease in the total of deposits has never been 
 greater than at the opening of this second decade. 
 
 Farmer's and Mechanic's Savings Bank of 
 Minneapolis. This institution was organized 
 September 10th, 1874, with a capital stock of 
 $50,000. Officers: A. D.Mulford, president; C. 
 Morrison, vice-president; and E. H. Moulton, 
 treasurer. May loth, 1875, Dr. Levi Butler was 
 made president, the otlier oflicers remaining the 
 same. Dr. Butler died, and Winthrop Young 
 was elected president June 10th, 1878, and has 
 held the oftice since. Tlie legislature of 1879 
 passed a law making all savings banks mutual, 
 and in January, 1880, this plan was adopted. 
 This is the only mutual savings bank in the state, 
 the depositors receiving the benefit and sharing 
 in the earnings of the institution. As evidence 
 of the confidence of the public, the deposits in- 
 creased to more than double after the adoption of 
 the mutual plan, being for the year 1879, $186,- 
 200, and in 1880, from January 1st to August 
 1st, $292,000. 
 
 The Citizens" Bank was organized November 
 1st, 1876, with a capital of 150,000. The bank 
 is located corner of Washington Avenue and 
 Fifth Avenue south, where it has had a pros- 
 perous business since tlie inauguration of tlie 
 enterprise. The officers are: N. F. Griswold, 
 president; Joseph H. Clark, vice-president, and
 
 428 
 
 HISTOEY OF HENXEPIia COUNTY. 
 
 George B. Shepherd, cashier. The greater part 
 of the stock is held by citizens of Minneapolis. 
 
 PKIVATE BAXKIXG INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 The Bank of :Minneapolis was established in 
 1867. by Thomas ^y. AVilson and Erastus Byers. 
 and is the only bank in iMinneapolis that has 
 conducted business since 1867, without change 
 in name or management. The bank flret occu- 
 pied a room m the old post-office building, with 
 ill-. AVilson, president, and Mr. Byers, cashier. 
 They subsequently moved to the XicoUet House 
 block, their present location. The death of Mr. 
 Byers in -June, 1880, caused no change in the 
 management, suice Mrs. Byers retains the inter- 
 est held by her late husband, Mr. Wilson di- 
 recting affaire as before. A general banking and 
 collection business is transacted. 
 
 Y. G. Hush. This bank was established by Y. 
 G. Hush in 1878. located in the Pence block, cor- 
 ner of XicoUet Avenue and Second street. Mr. 
 Hush was interested in the Citj- Bank at its es- 
 tablishment and when that was made a stock 
 bank, withdrew and fninided a private bank. He 
 transacts a general banking business and deals in 
 commercial paper, being one of the largest dealers 
 in the state. Mr. Hush has been a resident of 
 Mumeapolis fomteen yeare, eleven of which he 
 has passed in banking. The business has been 
 successful from the start, and for the past year or 
 two has doubled each year. ilr. A. B. Hush 
 occupies the position of cashier in this bank. 
 
 The Commercial Bank was estabUshed in 
 February, 1880, and although its experience 
 has been short, enjoys a llattering degree of 
 prosperity, occupying the bank building on the 
 East Side, corner of Central Avenue and Main, 
 street. Davison and Dean, the proprietor, have 
 had a long experience in banking. Eobert A. 
 Davison was with the First National Bank. Cedar 
 Kapids, Iowa, from the time of its organization. 
 John Dean, a native of this city, has been favora- 
 bly known in connection with the Security Bank 
 from the date of its organization imtil he became 
 identified with the "Commercial." They do a 
 general banking business, paying special atten- 
 tion to loans on city and farm property and in- 
 vestment securities. This is the only bank on 
 the East Side and enjoys the confidence of all the 
 business men of that portion of the city. 
 
 Minneapolis Clearing House. The Mumeapolis 
 Clearing House was organized Januarj- 1st, 1881, 
 and has its place of business in the basement of 
 the Security Bank building. Though recently es- 
 tablished, its operation has proved valuable and 
 satisfactory to the banks concerned. All banks 
 in the city, excepting the First National, belong 
 to its membership. The officers are : president, 
 J. Dean, cashier of the Seciu-ity Bank : manager, 
 W. E. Burwell, assistant cashier of the North- 
 western National Bank; direetore, J.M.Will- 
 iams, cashier of Merchants National bank. Chas. 
 McC. Eeeve, assistant cashier of City Bank, T. 
 W. Wilson, president of Bank of ilimieapoUs, 
 G. B. Shepherd, cashier of Citizens Bank, Y. G. 
 Hush, private banker. Meetings are subject to 
 call of the manager. 
 
 THE BOARD OF TRADE OF JIIXNEAPOLIS. 
 
 The Board of Trade of the city of MimieapoUs 
 was organized by W. D. Washbiun. H. T. Welles, 
 Eichard Chute. John Potts Browii. A. B. Barton, 
 J. S. Walker, E. W. Ilerrick, Jacob Stone Jr., 
 and W. W. McNair, who associated themselves 
 together October 30th, 1872, as a body corporate 
 under the above name. ■• Tlie purpose of the as- 
 sociation is to facilitate and promote the commer- 
 cial, mercantile, and manufacturing interests of 
 the city of !MirmeapoUs ; to encourage just and 
 equitable principles of trade, and uniformity in 
 the commercial usages of the city ; to acquire, 
 presence and disseminate valuable business in- 
 formation : to adjust controversies and misunder- 
 standings that may occur between parties en- 
 gaged in ti-ade, and to advance the general pros- 
 perity of the city of Minneapolis." The first an- 
 nual report of the association was made in 1876, 
 since which time a daily record of business has 
 been kept. The present officers are : George A. 
 Pillsbury, president ; Samuel C. Gale, vice-presi- 
 dent ; F. W. Brook, second vice-president ; C. C. 
 Sturtevant, secretarj' ; Yalentine G. Hush, treas- 
 urer; N. W. Yei"xa, grain inspector. 
 
 RAILROADS. 
 
 From the arrival of the " Anthony Wayne.'' 
 the fii-st steamboat at the falls, April 13th, 1S50, 
 with Gov. Alexander Eamsey and other distin- 
 guished pereons on board, to the present time, the 
 "Common Carrier"" by land and water has been 
 intimately associated with every step in the prog-
 
 EAILROADS. 
 
 429 
 
 ress of this city. Steamboats and stages carried 
 the mails, merchandise and limited products of 
 the pioneer. These were looked upon with par- 
 donable pride as a great advance from the days 
 of the uncertain voyageur, or the half-breed 
 courier, pursuing his course througli the trackless 
 forests. 
 
 Tlie first Minnesota railroad, opened fortraffic, 
 was the St. Paul and Pacific, June 28th, 1862, on 
 the line commenced by the Minnesota and Paci- 
 fic Railroad Company, which was chartered May 
 22d, 1857, as a land grant road. This road was 
 only ten miles in length, extending from St. Paul 
 to St. Anthony, and had its terminus and depot 
 near the foot of Central Avenue, rujining thence 
 along the river bank, and striking the present 
 line near the University. Upon the completion 
 of the proposed union depot and iron railroad 
 bridge, much of this ground will be again devot- 
 ed to railroad use. 
 
 The branch line was completed to Anoka, 
 January, 1864, and in the fall of 1867, to Sauk 
 Rapids. In the winter of 1866 and 1867, a bridge 
 was built and a depot located on the west side. 
 Cars by this line were run into Minneapolis the 
 latter part of March, following, and to Wayzata 
 the same year. December 31st, 1868, the road was 
 completed to Howard Lake. E. F. Drake was 
 contractor for the first ten miles, and Edmund 
 Rice was president at that time. J. P. Farley 
 operated the road for some years, as general man- 
 ager and receiver. 
 
 The St. Paul, Minneapolis and Manitoba Rail- 
 way Company, organized in 1879, with George 
 Stephen, president; R. B. Angus, vice-president; 
 and J. J. Hill, general manager, now owns and 
 operates these and other roads. A branch to 
 Osseo is in process of construction. 
 
 The next road, in point of time, operated from 
 Minneapolis, was that now known as the Iowa 
 and Mimiesota Division of the Chicago, Milwau- 
 kee and St. Paul, the first record of which is a 
 charter, dated March 1st, 1856, to the JNIinneapo- 
 lis and Cedar Valley Railroad Company, organ- 
 ized October 9, 1860. Name changed March 6, 
 1863, to Minnesota Central Railroad Company. 
 This company built and operated the road and re- 
 ceived the land grant. August 5th, 1867, the 
 main pai't of the Ime was transferred to the 
 Milwaukee and St. Paul Railroad Company 
 
 and on February loth, the eleven miles south of 
 Austin was sold to the .same corporation. By the 
 terms of the sale, the Minnesota Central Com- 
 pany continue to own the lands granted to aid in 
 constructing the road. All Cliicago, Milwaukee 
 and St. Paul trains to St. Paul and Chicago, were 
 formerly run over this road as far as JSIendota but 
 during the year 1880, a double track short line 
 to St. Paul was constructed. This road crosses 
 the Mississippi at Meeker's Island, three miles 
 below the falls, on a magnificent iron bridge, and 
 was opened for passenger trafiic from September 
 6th to the nth, and November 20th it was per- 
 manently opened for busmess. The same year a 
 "cut-off," extending thirty miles south-west, to 
 connect with the Hastings and Dakota Railroad, 
 was built. Extensive shops, employing four 
 hundred men, and round-house, ai'e located at 
 South Minneapolis. The Chicago, ^Milwaukee 
 and St. Paul Company generally own and run 
 their own sleeping cars. The express business is 
 done by the American and United States express 
 companies, but no concessions are made to fast 
 freight lines. 
 
 The Jilinneapolis and St. Louis Railway origi- 
 nated in a charter l)y the legislature of the Terri- 
 tory of ilinnesota INIarch 3d, 1853, as the Jilinne- 
 sota Western Railroad Company, to build from 
 some point on the St. Croix river to St. Paul and 
 St. Anthony, thence across the Mississippi river 
 to the western boundary of the state. The name 
 of the corporation was changed by vote of the 
 board of directors. May 27th, 1870, to the Min- 
 neapolis and St. Louis Railway Company, and in 
 1871 , twenty-seven miles were finished to iSIerriam 
 Jmiction. The road was completed to Albert 
 Lea, 108 miles November, 1877. This company 
 never had any land grant, but recieved $250,000 
 in bonds from the city of Minneapolis. They have 
 a permament lease of the Minneapolis and Duluth 
 Railroad, and a lease for use of track from the St. 
 Paul and Duluth Company. The general ofiices 
 and shops are located at Minneapolis. Work was 
 commenced on the Minneapolis and Duluth Road 
 April, 1S71, and August 15th it was opened for 
 traffic. 
 
 The Northern I'acilic Railroad Company, char- 
 tered by congress July 2d, 1864, re-organized 
 September 29th, 1875, have no road to this place, 
 but run their trams and do a regular business in
 
 430 
 
 BISTORT OF HEKXEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 connection isith their main line by a lease for 
 ninety-nine years of the Western Eaihoad of 
 Minnesota, 60.5 miles, and a permanent contract 
 with the St. Paul, JImneapolis and Manitoba 
 Company for the use of tlieir track from St. Paul 
 to Sauk Eapids, 75.5 mUes, paying for this privi- 
 lege |!40,000 per aimum, and a portion of expen- 
 ses. The Korthem Pacific Company do their 
 ovn express and sleeping-car business. 
 
 The Chicago, St. Paul. Minneapolis and Oma- 
 ha Company have a freight depot and extensive 
 yards at the foot of Fourth Avenue north, re- 
 cei%"ing and sending cars over the ^Manitoba line. 
 ha\ing no road in Hennepin county. 
 
 The Minneapolis and Eastern Railroad was in- 
 corporated June, 1878, and completed in the 
 spring of 1879. It is used jointly by the Chicago. 
 Milwaukee and St. Paul and Chicago, St. Paul, 
 Minneapolis and Omaha companies for switching 
 and running cars to and from the miUs. Cost, 
 1175,000, for about two miles of track. 
 
 The Lyndale Railway Company was organ- 
 ized as a stock company under the general 
 laws of the state, the object being the construc- 
 tion and management of a suburban excursion 
 line. The company was incorporated in June. 
 1878, with a capital stock of one hundred 
 thousand dollars. They seciu-ed the right of 
 way. and May 19th, 1879, commenced the con- 
 struction of the line. June 26th, a little more 
 than one month after the commencement of op- 
 erations, trains were running regularly to Lake 
 Calhoun, a distance of four miles from the term- 
 inus in ^linneapolis. During the first year, over 
 three hundred thousand people were carried over 
 this line, and in 1880 the number reached three 
 hundred and seventy-five thousand. June, 1880, 
 the line was extended to Lake Harriet. The 
 same company nm a steamer on Lake Calhoun in 
 connection with the L>7idale line. The line is 
 equipped with six passenger cars, three flat cars, 
 and two motors, operating four and a half mUes 
 of road, all cars being furnished with the Eames 
 vacuum brake. At Lake Calhoun are sheds for 
 the cars and motors wlien not in use, also cottages 
 for the employees and their families. Trains 
 start from the terminus, comer of Hennepin Av- 
 enue and First street, and from tlie corner of 
 Washington and First Avenues south,makingtrips 
 regularly every hour and a half. Business ofiBees 
 
 of the company are located over the Xorthwestem 
 National Bank. So great is the care taken in the 
 management of the road, that there has never 
 been an accident. Property along the whole line 
 has greatly advanced in value, and no streets in 
 the city show more new buildings than those 
 which the Lyndale road follows. The Mimiea- 
 polis and Lake Park Railway is projected, and 
 will be in operation August 1st, 1881. This line 
 extends from Minneapolis to Excelsior and Lake 
 Park, and wiU be operated in connection with the 
 Lyndale road. The officers of the road are as 
 follows: C. W. MeCrory. president: R. S. Innes, 
 secretary ; S. E. Xeiler, treasurer. 
 
 The Minneapolis Street Railway was incorpo- 
 ated June 24th, 1873; incorporators, D. Morri- 
 son, E. J. Mendenhall. W. W. Eastman. W. D. 
 Washburn, W. P. WestfaU, R. B. Langdon, 
 William S. King, J. C. Oswald. W. W. Mc- 
 Xair, Paris Gibson. September 2d, 1875, 
 the road was opened for travel and the 
 first car started. The first officers were PhUo 
 Osgood, president: Thomas Lo\^Ty, vice-presi- 
 dent; William S. King, secretary; James Tucker- 
 man, treasurer and superintendent. The com- 
 pany have at present eleven and a half miles of 
 track, twenty-one cars and loO horses, giving em- 
 ployment to about one hundred men. Plans are 
 
 I made for about eleven miles of additional track, 
 with corresponding increase of cars and horses, 
 during the coming season. The present officers 
 
 ; of the company are Thomas Lowry, president; 
 Clinton Morrison, vice-president; C. G. Goodrich 
 Jr., secretary; W. W. Ilerrick, treasurer; D. At- 
 wood, superintendent. 
 
 INSUEA3SrCE COJIPAXIES. 
 
 The Minnesota Farmers Mutual Fire Insurance 
 Association. The incorporators of this associa- 
 tion were. J. P. Plummer. R. J. ^Mendenhall. A. 
 Chambei-s, E. W. Grindall. J. A. Coleman. II. H. 
 Smith and W. W. Woodward. The organization 
 was perfected July 15th, 1865, and incorporated 
 under the laws of the state. The present assets 
 amount to 8151.188.61: receipts for 1880. S38,- 
 110.36; expenses |29,235.13; liabilities $15,310.39. 
 This is exclusively a farmers insurance company, 
 and its officers and members are scattered 
 throughout the state. Officers: J.Q. Farmer, presi- 
 i dent; Ole Peterson, vice-president; W. A. Xim-
 
 INSUBANCE COMPANIES. 
 
 431 
 
 ocks; secretary; C. A. Nimocks, deputy secretary; 
 C. McC. Reeve, treasurer. 
 
 Millers and Manufacturers Mutual Fire Insur- 
 ance Company of Minneapolis. This company 
 was organized and incorporated under the laws 
 of the state in Febuary, 1881, with the following 
 officers : E. V. White, president; H. M. Carpen- 
 ter, vice-president; V. G. Hush, treasurer; C. B. 
 Shove, secretary; directors : E. V. White, H. M. 
 Carpenter, James A. Lovejoy, D. M. Gilmore, E. 
 R. Barber, C. J. Martin, B. P. Russell, Charles 
 E. Holt, V. G. Hush, C. B. Shove, D. M. Sabin, 
 W. P. Brown, George W. Newell, John T. Ames, 
 H. G. Page. 
 
 The Masonic Mutual Aid Association. Tliis 
 association was incorporated June 16th, 1877, and 
 the following were its officers: J. II. Thomp- 
 son, president ; Charles Reeve, treasurer ; E. A. 
 Gove, secretary; A. II. Salisbury, M. D., medical 
 director. The purpose is to provide for the pay- 
 ment of a sum of money to the widow, children 
 mother or assigns of deceased members. The sum 
 paid is levied on the sm-viving members in accord- 
 ance with by-laws, which distribute the amounts 
 to be raised equitably among the surviving mem- 
 bers. The present officers of the company are: J. 
 H. Thompson, president ; D. il. Goodwin, vice- 
 president ; Charles Reeve, treasurer ; E. McDer- 
 mott, secretary; A. II. Salisbury, medical ex- 
 aminer. 
 
 Firemen's Life Association of the State of 
 Minnesota. This institution was organized and 
 incorporated February 2d, 1876, for the purpose 
 of furnishing life insurance to the members of fire 
 departments throughout the state of Minnesota, 
 and is a mutual benefit association. The board 
 of directors consists of one for every twenty mem- 
 bers. The election of officers occurs annually. 
 The board meets at their office, comer of Second 
 street and Third Avenue north, on the second 
 Tuesday in each month. Officers: R. O. Strong, 
 president; W. M. Brackett, secretary; Frank 
 Brewer, treasurer. 
 
 The Widows' and Orphans' Protective Associa- 
 tion. This association was organized November 
 16th, 1879, and incorporated under the general 
 laws of the state. The purpose of the association 
 is indicated by its name and it conducts its busi- 
 ness in accordance with mutual principles, mak- 
 ing assessments, upon the death of members, in 
 
 accordance with the terms of certificates issued. 
 The membership is rapidly increasing; no deaths 
 among its members have yet occurred. Officers: 
 C. A. Pillsbury, president; O. C. Merriman, vice- 
 president; E. McDermott, secretary; Charles 
 Reeve, treasurer; A. H. Salsibury, M. D., medi- 
 cal director ; P. M. Babcock. attorney. 
 
 The North-western Relief Association. The 
 first meeting for the organization of the North- 
 western Relief Association was held April 28th, 
 188(1, when articles of association were approved. 
 April 30th, following, the organization was per- 
 fected and incorporated under the general laws 
 of the state of ^Minnesota. The affairs of the 
 association are under the control of a board of 
 nine directors. The objects of the association 
 are mutual aid to families of deceased mem- 
 bers and mutual aid to members in physical dis- 
 ti'ess, furnishing insurance at as near actual cost 
 as possible. The officers at present are: C. M. 
 Loring, president; A. C. Rand, vice president; 
 R. W. Laing, secretary; C. McC. Reeve, treas- 
 urer; L. Loring, acting manager; W. D. Law- 
 rence, medical director. 
 
 CHAPTER LXVIII. 
 
 TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE COMPANIES 
 
 LOAN ASSOCIATIONS — MILITARY COMPANIES 
 — AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY— MEDICAL SOCIE- 
 TIES — ATHENAEUM. 
 
 When the North-western Telegraph Company 
 first projected its lines to Minneapolis, it opened 
 its oflice in St. Anthony, and afterward in a room 
 over R. J. Baldwin's bank on bridge Square. In 
 February, 1866, L. C. Robertson took charge of 
 the business, in Dayton's block, now St. James 
 hotel, in a room also occupied by the Minnesota 
 Central Railway Company. At this time the 
 company seriously contemplated closing the oflice 
 as unprofitable, the monthly receipts being only 
 $140. The commercial and railroad business 
 was transacted over one line, in one office, and 
 required but one operator, and uo messenger
 
 432 
 
 HISTORY OF BEXXEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 boys. Tlie line extended from St. Paid to Fari- 
 bault, via :Minneapolis. Wlien the Minnesota 
 Central Railway built their depot in 1868. they 
 provided rooms for general offices, and the rail- 
 road and commercial telegraph business were 
 separated, the latter going into the Warner block, 
 opposite the Xicollet. and thence into the city hall 
 building, where it now remains. Here are em- 
 ployed eleven operators, two chiefs and the man- 
 ager. The company's lines extend all over the 
 north-west, and the receipts of this office for one 
 month in 1880, were S-1,700. 
 
 Telephones were first mtroduced in this state 
 m 1877, by E. H. Hankinson, who had been ap- 
 pointed exclusive agent of the Bell Telephone 
 Company for Minnesota and Dakota. The first 
 line built was that of the :Monitor Plow Works, 
 connecting the factory and offices. In December, 
 1878, Mr. Hankinson organized the Northwestern 
 Telephone Exchange Company, which immedi- 
 ately established the exchange at Minneapolis and 
 St. Paul, and opened in March following witli 
 fifty-three subscribers in Minneapolis and thirty- 
 seven in St. Paul. The first oflicers elected were: 
 John Watson, president ; R. 11. Hankinson, -sice- 
 president and general manager : F. B. JOson. sec- 
 retary ; L. M. Towne, treasurer. The present 
 officers are : H. ^I. Carpenter, president : John 
 Watson, vice-president and general manager ; F. 
 B. Jilson, secretary ; C. H. Prior, treasurer ; L. 
 M. To^Tie, auditor. During 1880, exchanges 
 were estiiblished in Stillwater, Winona and Du- 
 lutli, and others will be started during the pres- 
 ent season. The nimiber of subscribers in Min- 
 neapolis at present is five hundred and fifty, and 
 in Hennepin county 1 ,000 instruments are in use. 
 In Minnesota and Dakota 2,200 are used, and the 
 number is constantly increasing. 
 
 Hennepin County Catholic Building and Loan 
 Association, Umited to twenty years, was incor- 
 porated August 18th, 1874, The object is to ac- 
 cumulate a finid from the savings of its members 
 with which to purchase real estate, build residen- 
 ces, and invest in 'such other channels as may be 
 deemed advisable. The fii-st issue of stock was 
 limited to 1,-500 shares, payalile in monthly in- 
 stallments of $1.05; this number has been 
 increased to 2.206. The original officer's were: 
 president, Matthew Walsh; secretary, D, L, 
 Toner; treasmer, J. F. O'XeiD; managers for a 
 
 term of five years, M. W. Glenn, B. McElroy 
 and P. J. Callaghan; for two years, John Fewer, 
 M. Kennedy and M. W.. Nash: for one year. M. 
 Hoy, Stephen Cody and W\ E. Nannary. Meet- 
 ings began August 20th, 1874, and are held on 
 the first Thursday after the l-5th day of each 
 moiith, until every share shall end and be deter- 
 mined. The present officers are: M. Walsh, 
 president; John McGovem, first vice-president; 
 John Fewer, second vice-president; Peter Mc- 
 Cormick. secretary; J. C. Scallon, assistant secre- 
 tary, Wm. McMullen, treasurer; managers, first 
 section, M. W. Nash, John Fewer and John 
 Hayes; second section. ^lichael ilore. James 
 CuUen and J. C. Scallon; third section, J. P. 
 Courtney, B. Monso and Thomas Mulcaley; stew- 
 ards, J. Lahly. James Sweeny and John McEl- 
 roy; attorney, J, T, Burns. 
 
 Mechanics" and Workingmen"s Loan and Build- 
 ing Association, organized September 7th, 1874. 
 The price per share of the stock is $200, and when 
 it started five hundred were immediately taken. 
 In February the number of shares taken was 1,- 
 250. The association now issues semi-annual series 
 of shares, in March and September. This corpora- 
 tion has for its object the investment in lands 
 and residences, of the savings of its members, 
 ileetings are held the second Tuesday of each 
 month, in the board of ti-ade rooms in the city 
 liall. The present officers are, president, S. L. 
 Brearly; secretary, O. M. Laraway; treasurer, F. 
 S. ilcDonald; attorney, Charles Robinson. The 
 managers are, W. H. Stickney, C. N. Boardman, 
 F, :M, Dunn, Ralph Rees, W. M. Tweedie, Selah 
 Matthews, A. J. Hart, John Walker and J. J. 
 Jeffery. 
 
 The iliiuieapolis Mutual Benefit Building As- 
 sociation was incori'orated in January, 1874, for 
 the accumulation of a fund, by the savings of the 
 members, for purchasing of real estate andbiuld- 
 ing of residences and such other investments as 
 may be decided upon. Tlie capital stock was 
 first fixed at 2.500 shares, with power to increase 
 the same from time to time. The first meeting 
 was held on Januaiy 31st. and the regular meet- 
 ings have been held every fourtli Saturday 
 ' suice. The present officers are president. R. E. 
 Grimshaw : secretary, W.P. North way : treasurer, 
 O. M. Laraway : attorney, G. W. Chowen. 
 
 The Turners" Building Association was organ-
 
 MILITABT COMPANIES. 
 
 433 
 
 ized in September, 1877, held their first meeting 
 October 5th, and filed their articles of incorpora- 
 tion, October loth, following. The first officers 
 were,George Thele, president; Herman Ilein, vice- 
 president; J. Monasch, secretary ; William Mas- 
 solt, treasurer ; Anton Grethen, attorney. The 
 first issue of stock amounted to 868 shares; since 
 then four series have been made, amounting in 
 all to 3,440 shares, 670 of which have been with- 
 drawn. 
 
 MINING COMPANIES. 
 
 The Bristol Silver Mining Company was or- 
 ganized December 2d, 1879, with a capital of 
 $50,000, and the first offlcers were George H. 
 Keith, president; Frank A. Lewis, vice-presi- 
 dent; R. J. Baldwin, secretary and treasurer. 
 The capital has been increased to .f 200,000, and 
 the oflicers are unchanged excepting secretary 
 and treasurer, who now are F. Hughes and W. 
 D. Hale. The mines are in Lincoln county, Ne- 
 vada. 
 
 The Lincoln Mining Company was organized 
 in October, 1880, with a capital of $250,000. 
 The mines are in Lincoln county, Nevada. The 
 offlcers are Wm. Windom, president; C. C. Jones, 
 vice-president; H. M. Goodhue, secretary; R. S. 
 Jones, treasurer; G. J. Goodhue, manager. 
 
 The Arizona Northern Mining Company was 
 organized in March, 1880, with a capital of $70,- 
 000. They own the "Cerbat," "Connor'' and 
 "Snowflake" mines in Mohave county, Arizona, 
 and are rapidly developing them. The offlcers 
 are: Anthony Kelly, president; R. J. Baldwin, 
 secretary; T. S. King, assistant secretary; J. K. 
 Sidle, treasurer. 
 
 The Minneapolis Gas Liglit Company was or- 
 ganized February 24th, 1870, with D. Morrison, 
 president; W. P. Westf all, treasurer ; George II. 
 Rust, Secretary ; and a board of directors con- 
 sisting of D. Morrison, W. P. "W^estfall, II. S. 
 Southard, S. C. Gale and F. S. Gilson. The com- 
 pany has continually extended its gas mains, and 
 now has twenty-five miles laid in the various 
 streets of the city. The present officers are : 
 A. C. Rand, president ; II. W. Brown, superin- 
 tendent ; A. T. Rand, secretai-y. The office 
 is at No. 413 Nicollet Avenue. 
 
 The North-western Globe Gaslight Company 
 
 was incorporated in 1877, with a capital of .'§100,- 
 
 000. Its object is to light private grounds and 
 28 
 
 streets with gasolme. The business is extensive, 
 sixty per cent, of the city being lighted by this 
 process. The offlcers are Dorilus Morrison, 
 president ; A. M. Reid, vice president ; S. A. 
 Harris, secretary and treasm-er, G. A. March, 
 general manager. The directors are D. Morri- 
 son, A. M. Reid, S. A. Harris, W. W. McNaii- 
 and G. A. March. 
 
 The Minneapolis Light Infantry was organ- 
 ized in July, 1879, and sworn into state service 
 October 9, following, by S. A. Sims, mustering 
 offlcer. The company had at that time a mem- 
 bership of thirty-two persons, and the highest 
 officer was second lieutenant, to which place ilr. 
 Sims was elected, and F. B. Moore was chosen 
 orderly sergeant. In December the number of 
 officers was increased, Mr. Sims elected first 
 lieutenant and W. L. Eldred, second. At this 
 time they received fifty breech-loadmg Spring- 
 field rifles, and fatigue equipments. In Febru- 
 ary, 1880, the office of captain was created and 
 J. P. Rea elected. In October, 1880, they re- 
 ceived twenty-five more rifles and equipments 
 from the state. During the summer season the 
 company meets in squads for rifle practice on 
 their range in the East Division. The present 
 officers are captain, J. P. Rea; first lieutenant, 
 S. A. Sims ; second lieutenant, G. M. Naylor ; 
 orderly sergeant, F. S. Barnard; second sergeant, 
 J. G. Rogers, third sergeant and quarter-master, 
 Perry Harrison ; fourth sergeant, E. D. Hill ; 
 color sergeant, d"B. O. Scott ; corporals, E. L. 
 Lockwood, A. Baker, C. Langdon, and F. L. 
 Foote. The officers of the civil organization are, 
 J. P. Rea, president; ({. M. Naylor, vice-presi- 
 dent; F. W. Greene, recording secretary ; Wil- 
 liam Wright, financial secretary; E. L. Goddard, 
 treasurer. The first child born after the organi- 
 zation of the regiment was a daughter of N. F. 
 Warner. This child, ]Mary E. Warner, born May 
 23d, 1880, was, on the 25th of the same month, 
 adopted as the "Daughter of the Regiment." 
 
 The jSIinneapolis Zouave corps of the Minne- 
 sota National Guards, was formerly the Knights 
 of Pythias drill corps. I)ut organized independ- 
 ent of that order, February 14th, 1880, and 
 was mustered into state service on the 24th, of 
 the same month. The oflicers are A. A. Ames, 
 captain; G. R. Seaton, first lieutenant; L. E. Har- 
 rison, second lieutenant; C. B. Case, orderly ser-
 
 434 
 
 HISTORY OF HJENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 geaut; Mr. HaiTison resigned January 5th, 1881, 
 and Albert Marsh was promoted to his place. 
 When mustered into service, the corps numbered 
 thirty-six men besides the officers, and now has 
 seventy-five and a drum coips of seventeen mem- 
 bers. The intention is to form the corps into an 
 Infantry and cavalr>- company, and battery with 
 two pieces. 
 
 Minnesota Agricultiu'al and Mechanical Asso- 
 ciation. Tlie offlcei-s are : ^Vm. S. Kiiig, presi- 
 dent; Charles II. Clarlie, secretary: '\'alentine G. 
 Hush, treasurer: and an advisory board com- 
 posed of Wm. "W. Folwell, President University- 
 of Minnesota, chairman; Hon. D. L. Buell, Hous- 
 ton coimty: James Archer. Hennepm comity; J. 
 C. Easton, Fillmore county, David L. How, Scott 
 county; H. F. ^loree, Winona county; Hon. John 
 F. Meagher. Blue Earth counts; Hon. J. P. 
 Eahilly, Wabasha county: Gen. James H. Baker. 
 Blue Eai-th county; Col. W. H. Feller, Wabasha 
 countj^; Hon. E. S. Brown, Washington countj'; 
 Hon. J. A. Thatcher, Goodhue countj-; Hon. 
 Knute Nelson, Douglass county; Hon. Jared Ben- 
 son, Anoka county; Hon. T. C. McClure, Stearns 
 county. This association organized in the season 
 of 1877, has become thoroughly identified with the 
 interests of not only Minneapolis and Minnesota, 
 but of the entire nortli-west. Its efforts in the 
 direction of layuig before the public, the vast 
 resources of the north-^\ est, as demonstiated in 
 the imiiualified success of its annual fairs and ex- 
 positions, have been largely conducive to the gen- 
 eral interests of ilinneapolis, in that, large gath- 
 erings of people from all parts of the United 
 States, are here brought face to face with w'est- 
 ei-n and particularly ^lumesota energy and enter- 
 prise. The results shown from year to year, thus 
 far, in the improvement of stock and maehinerj', 
 and in the general growmg spirit of emulation, 
 proves the value of such a stimulus as this or- 
 ganization. The management disburses annually 
 for expenses and in premiums not less than forty 
 thousand dollai-s, has always paid its lia- 
 biMties, and aims to keep not only pace with 
 the general gi-o^th, but a place at the front, in 
 the rapid and wondei-ful prosperity of the coun- 
 trj-. With an advisory board made up of well 
 known and representative men, located in differ- 
 ent parts of the state, the executive control of 
 its affairs rest solely in the hands of the president. 
 
 Wm. S. Kuig, and secretary, Charles H. Clarke. 
 Patriotism and public spirit alone, actuate, and a 
 desire to forward the march of improvement, 
 alone rules. The association so far may be said 
 to have paid its own way, only a comparatively 
 small sum, commensurate with the large outlay, 
 having been contributed or donated. Tlie atten- 
 dance at the annual gatherings approximate 100,- 
 000 people that come from a distance, the city 
 of St. Paul by its close proximity, and frequent 
 railroad connection. recei\ing its full share 
 of the immediate patronage of so large an 
 attendance. This association was not organized 
 with a view of taking the place of any similar 
 organization already in existence, but solely inde- 
 pendent, \\-ith a settled location to gi'ow and ac- 
 cumulate with Minneapolis. 
 
 The Hahnemann Medical Society of Hennepin 
 comity. Minnesota, was organized September 16th, 
 1872, and was the resiOt of an informal meeting 
 of the homoeopathic physicians of the city, held in 
 Dr. W. H. Leonard's ofiice. September 2d of that 
 year. A constitution and liy-laws were adopted 
 and signed by Drs. D. M. Good-win, W. H. Leon- 
 ard. G. T. Flanders. T. K. Huntington. M. H. 
 Wallens, and Petrus Nelson. Dr. Huntington 
 died Ln March, 1873. The membership of the so- 
 ciety continued to gi-ow rapidly, and during the 
 eight years of its existence the following events 
 of importance have occurred : In April. 1875, 
 a medical fee-bill was established, regulating the 
 charges of the societj" ; a joint committee of both 
 the homceopathic and alojiathic schools met and 
 agreed on tlie rates wliich they should charge. In 
 May, 1880, the joint committee met and drew up 
 a schedule, fixuig the rates for certain surgical 
 operations. The same month, a plan was formed 
 for the establishment of a free dispensary, where 
 the poor might secure such medical aid as they 
 stand in need of. The result was that it was 
 opened in Cottage Hospital. About 1,500 people, 
 who were unable to pay for medicines, have been 
 treated, nearly 3,000 prescriptions have been put 
 up, and about 300 families, who were unable to 
 apply personally at the dispensary, have been 
 visited. The officers of the societ>- are : A. A. 
 Camp, president; M. L. Swain, vice-president; 
 A. J.Hutchinson, secretary and treasurer; D. 
 M. Goodwin, A. E. Higbee, and W. H. Leonard, 
 censors. Monthly meetings are held.
 
 ACADEIfY OF SCIENCE— ATHEN^UM. 
 
 435 
 
 The Union Medical Society was organized early 
 in 1856, with A. E. Ames, president ; C. L. An- 
 derson, vice-president ; Dr. Wheeloclv, secretary ; 
 C. W. Le'Boutillier, treasurer. Among the old 
 members were Drs. A. E. Ames, V. L. Anderson, 
 Wheelock, C. W. Be'Boutillier, A. E. Johnson, W. 
 H. Leonard, Loewenberg, A. Ortman, Ward, 
 A. J. White and W. D. Dibb. Of these, Drs. 
 Johnson, Leonard and Ortman remain; the rest 
 are dead, or liave removed from this city. June 
 7th, 1870, the society re-organized as the Henne- 
 pin Comity Medical Societ>', with Drs. A. E. 
 Ames, and N. B. Kill, both since deceased, as 
 president and vice-president. The present offi- 
 cers are, O. J. Evans, president; C. L. Wells, 
 vice-president ; A. ('. Fairbairn, secretary ; W. 
 Miller, treasurer ; W. A. Hamilton, librarian. 
 The meetings are held the first and tliird Mondays 
 of each montli, at places designated before ad- 
 journment. 
 
 Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences. Tlie 
 initiatory step to the formation of this instituion 
 which has for several years maintained sm un- 
 ostentatious but not unproductive activity in our 
 midst, was taken on January -Ith, 1873, when a 
 number of gentlemen gathered in the ofiice of 
 Dr. Johnson, to discuss the feasibility of forming 
 a society, having for its object, " The cultivation 
 of Natural Science in general, and especially the 
 sciences of Geology and Archaeology." Prof. 
 E. W. B. Harvey was elected chairman, and Dr. 
 Charles Simpson, secretary. It was resolved to 
 incorporate a society under the general law, with 
 the above name, and a committee consisting of 
 Charles Simpson, E. W. B. Harvey, and A. E. 
 Johnson, was appointed to frame the articles of 
 incorporation which were more fully discussed 
 at the next meeting, at which time the first offi- 
 cers of the academy were elected as follows: 
 president, A. E. Johnson ; vice president, S. C. 
 Gale ; secretary, Charles Simpson ; correspond- 
 ing secretary, A. E. Ames ; treasurer, E. W. B. 
 Harvey; trustees, Paris Gibson, C. E. Rogers, 
 W..H. Leonard, A. F. Elliot, O. V. Tousley, 
 and M. D. Stoneman. From this time onward 
 there has been a gradual increase in numbers 
 and interest, so that the rolls now show about 
 fifty members in place of the eleven charter mem- 
 bers. The earlier meetings of tlie academy were 
 held in the office of Dr. Johnson, but in Novem- 
 
 ber of 1875, the academy removed to the west 
 side and was installed in commodious rooms in 
 Centre block, 214 Nicollet Avenue. The muse- 
 ums, which are chiefly dependent upon occa- 
 sional donations, have assumed respectable pro- 
 portions, notably in the direction of ornithology 
 through the labors of Dr. Hatch and otliers ; 
 valuable contributions to_the mineralogical and 
 entomological cabinets were also secured, while 
 the library contains a large number of valuable 
 government reports, and proceedings of various 
 scientific societies. The academy has, from time 
 to time, published bulletins containing not only 
 interesting discussions of living scientific ques- 
 tions, but the results of extensive original uivesti- 
 gation. It has also proven its public spirited- 
 ness by securing the services of eminent platform 
 speakers. Mlthin a short time it has been found 
 expedient to divide the academy into sections, 
 for purposes of co-operative investigation and 
 study, each section forming an organic part of 
 the academy. During the early part of 1881, 
 a protracted session of the academy was held at 
 which papers by scientific men from different 
 sections of the country were read. To this course 
 of lectures and essays the general public was in- 
 vited, and responded largely. Thus began an 
 era of broader influences for the institution, and 
 it took its place among the educational influences 
 of the state. 
 
 Minneapolis Athenieum. Early in the spring 
 of 1859, it was announced that Bayard Taylor 
 would visit tlie north-west and would lecture be- 
 fore any literary society or library association 
 that would pay his expenses, the balance of the 
 receipts to be applied to the benefit of such as- 
 sociation. A few of the citizens met togellier at 
 the ottice of Nicholas & Charlton and resolved to 
 organize a library association. A committee 
 was ai)pouited to draw articles of incorporation. 
 They reported on the ISth of May, 1859, that it 
 was not expedient to draft articles of incorpora- 
 tiofl, but recommended that the "constitution of 
 the Young Men's Libraiy Association" be, and it 
 was adopted, and the officers elected. May 25th, 
 1859, JSIr. Taylor delivered his lecture, the proceeds 
 of which amounted to one hundred and forty-one 
 dollars and seventv-five cents. Fifty-eight dol- 
 lars and twenty-five cents were paid to Mr. Tay- 
 lor, and the balance was received by the associa-
 
 436 
 
 HTSTORY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 tion. The name "Minneapolis AtheniBum" was 
 adopted; it was thought best that the society' 
 should be a chartered corporation, and public 
 notice was given that a meeting would be held 
 on January 3d, 1860, to take measures to procure 
 a charter. A draft of a charter was made and 
 sent to Jesse Bishop to be presented to the legis- 
 lature for enactment, but was refused, as it was 
 unconstitutional to grant, and also umiecessary, 
 as there was a provision under the general stat- 
 utes for the organization of scientific and educa- 
 tional societies, including hbraries. During the 
 summer of 1865, the lot on which the Athenseum 
 building now stands, was pmchased for $1 ,500, 
 and the structure erected m 1SG6, subscriptions to 
 the amount of §10,693.93 being received for that 
 purpose. Dr. Kirby Spencer, wlio died March 
 10th, 1870, a shareholder and staunch friend of 
 the Athena-um, left a fund of about 845,000 
 which yields an income of |2,000 annually, to be 
 hivested solely in books for the library. The li- 
 brary is valued at l)etween §18,000 and §20,000, 
 and consists of about 9,000 volumes, besides 
 which are received forty magazines and fifteen 
 weekly and daily newspapers. Tlie present offi- 
 cers are: J. E. Bell, president; E.W. Laing. vice- 
 president; W. H. Iliidile, secretary; C. McC. 
 Reeve, ti-easurer; T. B. Walker, C. A. Bovey and 
 H. G. O. Morrison, directors. 
 
 CHAPTER LXIX. 
 
 EDUCATIONAL — PUBLIC SCHOOLS — UNIVERSITY 
 — MACALESTER COLLEGE— PRIVATE SCHOOLS 
 — BUSINESS COLLEGES — AUGSBITRG SEMINARY 
 —KINDERGARTEN SCHOOLS. 
 
 The educational system of Minneapolis is justly 
 a source of satisfaction and pride to the citizens. 
 It consists of public graded schools, providing a 
 course of instruction preparatory to the Univer- 
 sity, private schools, supplementary to these, and 
 finally the I'niversity and theological Semmaries. 
 However perfect the system of public schools 
 may be, a field is always open for private institu- 
 
 tions, more especially for families of wealth, whose 
 children can be afforded higher culture in what 
 are called the ornamental brandies. In the lower 
 grades of education a similar demand is found 
 in all towns, even vuider our democratic govern- 
 ment. These wants are supplied in Minneapolis 
 by several institutions that rank high in the es- 
 timate of tlieir patrons. The gi'eat demand, 
 however, will always be for what the Germans 
 call the " bread and butter sciences," by which 
 term they intend those branches of education 
 that are immediately convertible to practical use, 
 by means of which a man may secure more ele- 
 vating employment and command higher wages. 
 It has long ceased to be a matter of pride to 
 know how to read and write, but it is a positive 
 disgrace not to know how; so the voice of the 
 people, more potent than any state law on the 
 subject, compels the education of all children, at 
 least in the primary branches. Primary educa- 
 tion is a 'sine qua non' m the struggle for exis- 
 tence; above the primary, branches more or less 
 liberal in the regard to the true function of edu- 
 cation usually operate to the discouragement by 
 the public of the more liberal branches taught in 
 the high schools of the country. When all vote 
 and all feel at liberty and consider themselves 
 qualified to pass judgment on plans and methods 
 of education, it is not strange that differences in 
 opinion exist. The higher the culture of the 
 critic, the more ready he is to admit tliat there is 
 no science of education, and it must remain em- 
 pyrical luitil a superior of Edison shall arise, who 
 can take brains upon his experimental table, lo- 
 cate the mind itself and each of its faculties, ex- 
 plain the subtle relation between it and matter, 
 and show a course of training by which each in- 
 dividual faculty can be cultivated, developed or 
 even created. Fortmiately for Muuieapolis, its 
 educational interests have fallen into the hands 
 of high-minded and cultivated men, wliose liberal 
 views have extended beyond the limited range of 
 the ordinary critic. Fortimately, too, business 
 has so engi'ossed those, who might otlierwise be 
 intrasive critics, that greater progress in the right 
 direction has taken place in the school system 
 than would have been possible in an eastern town, 
 where wealth, secure position and leisiue afford 
 unlimited opportmiiny for interference. Narrow 
 criticism looks to minutiae and technicalities
 
 PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 
 
 437 
 
 while broad culture looks to the development of 
 the active powers of the miiid. The former re- 
 gards the possession of knowledge as the end of 
 education, wliile the latter regards that education 
 as the most complete, which permits the longest 
 pleasurable extendmg of the attention on a given 
 subject. In a word knowledge is the mean and 
 culture the end toward which the educational 
 system of MinneapoUs gravitates. The result of 
 the system is, and must be the development of 
 the highest degree of fitness for the exigencies of 
 life. The value of property permanently invest- 
 ed for school purposes in Jlinneapolis amounts 
 to $2,241 ,897.59. 
 
 PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 
 
 This view of education requires an elastic sys- 
 tem adapted to the variety of minds with which 
 it has to deal. Such a system has been formu- 
 lated under the management of O. V. Tousley, 
 which has extended over a period of about twelve 
 years. During this time the present extensive 
 arrangements have been perfected. At the time 
 of Prof. Tousley's appointment as principal of 
 the high school, only four of the present school 
 buildings had been erected. Ten have since 
 sprung up in the various parts of the city most 
 convenient for the daily attendance of pupils. 
 
 The first legislation of ^Minnesota was an act, 
 passed by the first territorial legislature on the 
 last day of its session, November 1st, 1849, to es- 
 tablish and mahitain common schools. 
 
 On the 3d of ^larch, next preceding, congress, 
 in the act by which the territorial government of 
 Minnesota was established, provided in section 
 18, "That when the lands in the said territory 
 shall be siu-veyed under the direction of the gov- 
 ernment of the United States, preparatory to 
 bringing the same into market, sections number- 
 ing eighteen and thirty-six hi each township in 
 said territory, shall be, and the same are hereby 
 reserved for the purpose of being applied to schools 
 in said territory, and in the states and territories 
 hereafter to be created out of the same.'" This 
 gave Minnesota about 3,000,000 acres of land for 
 the support of public schools. 
 
 To Governor Kamsey, the first territorial gover- 
 nor, Minnesota is indebted for timely suggestions 
 pertairung to educational matters, and for appeal- 
 ing to congress for gifts of pubUc lands for higher 
 
 learning. The school code of 1849 is declared to 
 be an honor to the legislative assembly that passed 
 it. 
 
 The history of tlie educational institutions of 
 Minneapolis begins, before the legislative act re- 
 ferred to, and before the territorial organization, 
 by the little school of Miss Electa Bachus, on the 
 east side, with the school-house built hi 1849 ; and 
 on the west side, that of Miss Mary E. Miller, 
 commenced December 3d, 18-52, already referred 
 to. 
 
 " The earliest books of record in the possession 
 of the board of education contain the follo^\•ing 
 proceedings, and relate to the east side : 
 
 " The board of public school directors for the 
 city of St. Anthony, consisting of John L. Love- 
 joy, On-in Curtis, John B. Gilfillan, Martui Stites, 
 S. F. Eankiii,and Charles Crawford, duly elected 
 at the annual city election for said city, on the 
 thu-d day of April, 1860, held their first meeting 
 at the office of Orrin Curtis, in said city, on 
 Saturday, April 7th, 1860, at 7 o'clock p. m. 
 
 "A resolution offered by Mr. Gilfillan was 
 adopted, to the effect that the secretary be in- 
 structed to notify the trustees of the several 
 school districts in this city that this board is duly 
 organized, and require them to deliver up to this 
 board the books and effects of their respective 
 districts, and also to make a report of their pro- 
 ceedmgs as requued by law. 
 
 " The first records in the possession of the 
 west side Board of Education are dated Jime 
 23d, 1865. The salary of the principal, Professor 
 Jenness, was at that time fixed at $1,000; his 
 principal assistant, Mr. Kiegel, $400; and a 
 force of female teachers, among whom are some 
 who are still employed as teachers, had salaries 
 rangmg from $325 to $375. In October, 1865, it 
 was determined to lay the foundation for the 
 Union (now Washington) school buildhig, which 
 was completed the following season, and is now 
 the oldest public school binlding in the city. The 
 first move for the Central (now Winthrop)building, 
 on the east side, was made April 13th, 1865, when 
 it was voted to be expedient to buy a site for a 
 building, which was done, and the building erect- 
 ed in 1867." 
 
 We may safely pass to the beginning of the 
 present incumbency, without omitting any im- 
 portant details. Professor Tousley began his ad-
 
 438 
 
 HISTOBY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 ministration as principal of the high school in 
 1869, and was subsequently chosen supeiintend- 
 ent. Tlie influence of his liberal ideas was soon 
 felt, and from them was developed the present 
 educational scheme of the city. Perfect harmony 
 has existed between the school board and the 
 superintendent, and such conlidence is felt in him 
 that much of the power vested in them is rele- 
 gated to him. 
 
 In the management of the schools several items 
 are especially noteworthy. All religions exercises 
 are forbidden in the schools ; by which provision 
 all causes of controversy growing out of the hete- 
 rogeneous element of the population are avoided. 
 Another item is that, while culture is demanded 
 on the part of the teachers in all grades, in the 
 primary, especially, a cheerful temper full of sun- 
 shine is considered an essential requisite of a 
 teacher. A third point, and one which is especi- 
 ally valuable, is that frequent examinations are 
 required in the intermediate and higher grades, 
 by means of which the varying capacities of pu- 
 pils are measured and provision is made for the 
 rapid advance of some and the corresponding de- 
 lay of others. Jlxaminations are required, under 
 the dhection of the superintendent, of all pu- 
 pils before passing from one grade to an- 
 other. It would be impossible to touch on all 
 the many valuable and progressive features 
 of the public schools, such as general and 
 oral lessons, the introduction of supplemental 
 reading matter, etc., etc. It is sufficient to say 
 that the educational systems of the older states 
 have been canvassed and from their several de- 
 partures, modified by good judgment for the dif- 
 fering conditions, an admirable system has been 
 developed. 
 
 The public schools are divided into four de- 
 partments, viz: Primary, intermediate, grammar 
 school and high school. The primary schools in- 
 clude the first, second and third gi'ades ; the in- 
 termediate, the fourth and fifth: the gi-ammar 
 schools, the sixth, seventh and eighth. 
 
 The total expense of conducting the schools of 
 the city dming the last year was $88,434.8" ; of 
 which sum 168,728.7.5 was salaries of teachers. 
 This does not include expenditures for bonds, m- 
 terest, or permanent improvements. Fourteen 
 school buildings are in use in the city, viz: 'Wash- 
 ington, built hi 1866, value of buikUng and site 
 
 $40,000; Lincoln, 1867, $16,063; Jackson, 1867, 
 $15,000; "Winthrop, 1867, $45,500; Madison, 1870, 
 $14,000; Everett, 1871, $8,100; Marcy, 1872, 
 114,000 ; Franklin, 1873, $18,000 ; Adams, 1874, 
 $19,000; Sumner, 1876, $17,000; Jefferson, 1877, 
 $29,763; Monroe, 1878, $22,920; Humbolt, 1878, 
 $13,.'i89; High school, 1878, $86,427. Total value 
 of biuldings with estimated value of sites, $359,- 
 362. Unoccupied real estate for school purposes, 
 in addition is $5,400. The number of sittmgs 
 fiu'nished for pupils is 5,618. 
 
 SCHOOL ATTENDANCE. 
 
 From the recently taken I'nited States census 
 it appears that the children of this city are distri- 
 buted as to ages as follows: Under five years, 
 5,362; five years, 1,231 ; between six and fifteen 
 years, 7,157; between fifteen and twenty-one 
 years 5,649. Total under twenty-one, 19,399. 
 
 From the last report of the board of education 
 it appears that 6,142 pupils were enrolled in the 
 schools. Of this number 352 were between fif- 
 teen and twenty-one. Our schools thus reach 
 over eighty per cent, of the pupils who in the west 
 attend the common schools. It is believed that 
 this is a larger per cent, of what may be termed 
 (for the lack of a better word) schoolable persons 
 than in any other state this side of the Alleghany 
 mountains. 
 
 An examination of the schools of the country 
 shows that, of the pupils that enter the schools at 
 the age of six years, a larger per cent, reach the 
 high school in Mmneapolis than in almost any 
 other city. Out of. an enrollment of 5,000 in 
 round numbers, there are now 300 in attendance 
 at the high school, which is six per cent.; and 
 upon this basis schools seldom reach five per cent. 
 This shows at once the tendency of the scholars 
 toward the high school, and its close sympathy 
 with the connecting grades below it. It is also a 
 noteworthy fact that among all the graduates of 
 the high school, over seventy-five per cent, have 
 been from the families of intelligent mechanics and 
 people of limited, or, at the most, of moderate 
 means— showing that the interests of these classes 
 of the people are closel\ bound up in mahitaining 
 a high school in fact, as well as in name. Not ten 
 per cent, of the graduates are from the families of 
 the really rich. 
 
 The average number of pupils in daily attend-
 
 THE UNIVEBSITY. 
 
 439 
 
 ance is 4,248. The cost per pupil, based on 
 average daily attendance is S19.24: based on the 
 total number enrolled, §13.31 per capita. The 
 whole number of teachers employed is one hun- 
 dred and twenty, of whom live are males. The 
 money necessary for the maintenance of pulilic 
 schools is derived partly from the general school 
 fund of the state, which has become large by 
 reason of the careful husbandry of government 
 land endowment, and from direct taxation. The 
 power of taxation is vested in the board of educa- 
 tion, the only limitation of which is, that the 
 tax shall not exceed the generous allowance of 
 fifteen mills. 
 
 Experience has proved tliat Minneapolis can 
 elect men worthy of the confidence thus reposed 
 in them. The following is the school board of 
 1880: Hon. Dorilus Morrison, president, Hon. 
 A. C. Austm, Hon. Winthrop Young, Hon. J. 
 W. Johnson, Prof. S. Oftedal, Hon. S. C. 
 Gale, Prof. O. V. Tousley, superintendent of 
 schools. 
 
 The University of Minnesota. The Territory of 
 Minnesota was created by act of congress, March 
 3d, 1849. A subsequent act passed Febru- 
 ary 19th, 1851, authorized and directed the 
 secretary of the interior to set apart and re- 
 serve from sale, a quantity of public lands not 
 exceeding two entire townships, for the use and 
 support of a university in said territory. In an- 
 ticipation of tills act of congress, the territorial 
 legislature had on the 13th of February, 1851, 
 passed a law providing for the establishment of 
 an "institution mider the name and style of the 
 University of Minnesota," and for its location at 
 or near the Falls of St. Anthony. Under this 
 act a board of regents was elected by the legisla- 
 ture a few days later. This board organized, se- 
 lected a site near the center of St. Anthony (now 
 the east division of IVIinneapolis) just above the 
 mills fronting on Main street and the Mississippi 
 river, built a small wooden building by means of 
 private subscriptions, and in November of 1851, 
 opened therein a preparatory department. In 
 January, 1854, order was taken for the location 
 of the public lands already mentioned. In the 
 course of the same year, the site at first selected 
 having been found to be in too close proximity to 
 the business and manufacturing of the town, 
 another, being that now occupied, lying on the 
 
 high bluff on the east bank of the river, about 
 one mile below the falls, was purchased. Owing 
 to this change, the preparatory department was 
 discontinued. In the summer of 1856, a con- 
 tract was made for the erection of the south wing 
 of a university Iniilding of large dimensions, to 
 be completed within eighteen months from Sep- 
 tember 6th, 1856. By tliis time the public lands 
 had all been located except 11.000 or 12,000 acres. 
 
 The state constitution, adopted by the people 
 October 13th, 1857, and approved by congress 
 May 11th, 1858, contains the following generous 
 and emphatic provision for the university: 
 
 " The location of the University of Mimiesota, 
 as established by existing laws, is hereby con- 
 firmed, and said institution is hereby declared to 
 be the University of the State of Minnesota. All 
 the rights, immunities, franchises, and endow- 
 ments heretofore granted or conferred, are hereby 
 perpetuated unto the said University; and all lands 
 ■which may be granted hereafter by Congress, or 
 other donations for said University purposes, 
 shall vest in the institution referred to in this 
 section." — Constitution, Article VII, Section 4. 
 
 The effect of this action was to convert the 
 University of the Territory of ^Minnesota into the 
 University of the State of Mimiesota, but there 
 was no change of administration imtil 1860, in 
 which year a new board of regents was consti- 
 tuted. This board, during its continuance, was 
 mainly occupied in futile endeavors to liquidate 
 the debts of the old corporation incurred in the 
 erection of the liuilding. 
 
 It is but justice tii say that the territorial 
 board, composed of honest, high minded men, 
 such as Franklin Steele, II. M. Rice, II. II. Sibley, 
 Wm. R. Marsliall, Isaac Atwater, and John II. 
 Stevens, erred only as then- fellow-citizeus had 
 erred in the flush times preceding 1857. They 
 only planned too generously. The suicerity of 
 their interest in the cause of higher education is 
 attested beyond question by their liberal personal 
 contril)utions. Theirs was not the only noble en- 
 terprise which was overtaken and overwhelmed 
 by the financial reverses of 1857-8. 
 
 In 1864 the legislature appointed a special com- 
 mission, composed of lion. John S. Pillsbury, 
 Hon. John Nicols, and lion. O. C. ]Merriman, 
 with full powers to sell property and pay debts. 
 This board were occupied until 1867 in this duty.
 
 440 
 
 HISTORY OF HHI^'NEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 when, on December 23d. they reported the in- 
 debtedness substantially liquidated by the sale of 
 less than 12.000 acres.of land. 
 
 The legislature of 1867 having appropriated a 
 sum of money to repair and renovate the build- 
 ing, which had stood idle and enipt>- for nearly 
 ten years, and having authorized the opening of a 
 preparatory department, the board had employed 
 as principal the Eev. W. ^^'. Washburn, B. A., 
 who, on the 7th day of October, 1867, with two 
 assistants, began the work of instruction. 
 
 In 1865, the land grant of the general govern- 
 ment for colleges of agriculture and the mechanic 
 arts, had been accepted by the state legislature, and 
 uitrusted to the trustees of the state agricultiu-al 
 college, which had been chartered in 1858, and 
 located in McLeod county. 
 
 All of the foregoing legislation save the con- 
 stitutional enactment may be regarded as tenta- 
 tive and provisional. The University as a reaht)', 
 dates its organization from the law of February 
 18th, 1868, entitled "an act to re-organize the 
 University of Minnesota, and to establish an ag- 
 ricultural college therein." This act as modified 
 in some details by subsequent legislation may be 
 found in full in the general statutes of ^Minnesota 
 for 1878. and may be regarded as the charter of 
 the iiLstitution. 
 
 This organic act authorizes the opening of va- 
 rious departments or colleges, places the govern- 
 ment ui a board of ten regents, three serving 
 ex-officiis. the governor, the state superin- 
 tendent of public instiTictiou. and president of the 
 University, and seven appointed by the governor, 
 with consent of the senate, holding office for three 
 years; and prescribes the officers of the board and 
 their respective duties. It contains the usual 
 and necessary pro^"isions relating to the election 
 of the faculty, to meetings, and reports, and de- 
 clares the regents a body corporate imder the 
 name and style of The University of Minnesota. 
 The only provision of the charter needing special 
 mention, is that contained in section seven, 
 which inviolably appropriates and places at the 
 disposal of the board of regents, all the interest 
 and mcome of the fund derived from the sales of 
 all lands granted to the state under the act of 
 congress, approved July 2d, 1862. commonly 
 called the ''Agricultural College Act." Thus all 
 
 the endowments of the general government for 
 higher literary professional and industrial educa- 
 tion were wisely merged and consolidated under 
 a smgle management. 
 
 In pursuance of the organic act a board of re- 
 gents was duly appomted. who met and organ- 
 ized, as required by law. on the first 'Wednesday 
 in March, 1868. The members were AVUliam 
 R. Marshall, then Governor; Mark H. Dunnel, 
 then state superintendent of public instruction, 
 ex-officiis ; R. S. Donaldson, of Farmington ; A. 
 A. Harwood, of Owatoima; H. II. Sibley, of St. 
 Paul ; E. J. Thompson, of Chatfleld ; O. C. Mer- 
 riman. of St. Anthony; John Xicols. of St. Paul, 
 and J. S. Pillsbury, of St. Anthony. J. S. PUls- 
 bury was chosen president, O. C. Merriman sec- 
 retary, and John Xicols treasurer. 
 
 The preparatory department, opened in 1867, 
 was conducted in an efficient and satisfactory 
 manner by Mr. "Washbimi, and his assistants. 
 Messrs. G. Campbell. Ira Moore and E. H. Twin- 
 ing, throughout the years 1868 and 1869. In the 
 summer of 1869 arrangements were made for 
 beginning college work proper. A faculty con- 
 sisting of nine gentlemen, were elected, and on 
 the 13th of September, entered upon their duties. 
 The only college class being the freshmen, and 
 that not exceeding fifteen in number, the faculty 
 were for the first year, and, indeed, for the two 
 succeeding years chiefly engaged in the instruc- 
 tion of the preparatory students, who numbered 
 nearly two hmidred. Young women were ad- 
 mitted from the first, and no proposal has yet 
 been made to refuse them instruction. In the 
 course of the year 1869-70 the matter of a per- 
 manent organization of the several departments 
 of instruction, and courses of study, came under 
 consideration. Upon the recommendation of the 
 president of the University, the board of regents, 
 on the 28th day of June, 1870. adopted that 
 general plan of organization which has since been 
 in operation, and which by its apparent novelty 
 has attracted considerable attention. The board 
 were encouraged to adopt it by reason of warm 
 and emphatic recommendations fi'om educators 
 of the highest raidi and reputation in the coimtry. 
 The essential features of this plan only can be 
 here noticed. 
 
 Under the organic law the board of regents 
 are authorized to establish any desired number
 
 THE UNIVERSITY. 
 
 441 
 
 of departments or colleges, the following, bow- 
 ever, being specified : "A department of ele- 
 mentary instruction; a department of science, 
 literature and the arts ; a college of agriculture ; 
 a college of mechanic arts ; a college or depart- 
 ment of medicine ; a college or department of 
 law." 
 
 The department of elementary instruction, 
 otherwise designated, by virtue of a by-law of 
 the board of regents, "The Collegiate Depart- 
 ment," is introductory to the permament colleges 
 of the University. It includes, together with 
 the work of the freshman and sophomore classes 
 of the ordinary colleges, the remainder of the old 
 preparatory department, so long as any may be 
 retained. 
 
 This arrangement of departments emphasizes 
 and formulates the growing tendency and custom 
 of American colleges and universities to make 
 the close of the second or sophomore year, a 
 branching point for the introduction of optional 
 studies, and for certain professional or technical 
 courses. It pre-supposes a separation of the sec- 
 ondary and superior epochs of education, and a 
 con-esponding assortment of studies. The high 
 schools and other "fitting schools" of the state 
 are thus invited to extend their work substan- 
 tially up to the junior year. When this shall have 
 been generally done, the University will, as pro- 
 vided by law, dispense with the whole of the De- 
 partment of Elementary Instruction, and will 
 extend her work on post-graduate ground. 
 
 The general plan of the University contem- 
 plates a group or federation of distinct colleg- 
 es; having each its own organization, faculty, 
 buildings and equipment. Among the advanta- 
 ges claimed for this general plan may be named 
 the following: 
 
 A faithful adherence to the letter and spirit of 
 the laws, state and national, which have estab- 
 lished and endowed the University, and which 
 contemplates it as a federation of literary, pro- 
 fessional and industrial colleges. 
 
 That, while offering the old college curriculum 
 and discipline in their best forms to the literary 
 and professional classes, the University will pro- 
 vide for the industrial classes that "liberal and 
 practical education" required by law and public 
 sentiment. 
 
 The separation of the natural epochs of sec- 
 
 ondary and superior education, and the ultimate 
 liberation of the University from the elementary 
 work of the former: and coinciding with this di- 
 vision, an advantageous assortment of studies, 
 methods and discipline suitable to the two peri- 
 ods respectively. 
 
 A close and vital articulation of the University 
 with the public school system of the state. 
 
 The elevation of the high schools by enlarging 
 the recognized sphere of their instruction. 
 
 The elevation of the professional schools by 
 requiring of candidates for degrees a good gener- 
 al education as a pre-requisite for admission, 
 while not insisting upon the impossible condition 
 that all shall have gone over tlie whole of the old 
 college course. 
 
 The elevation, in particular, of the colleges of 
 agriculture and mechanic arts to equal rank and 
 standing with other university courses, and the 
 separation of the studies and exercises properly 
 belonging to them, from the elementary branches 
 taught in the primary and secondary schools; 
 which branches it is not the business of the col- 
 leges to teach. 
 
 Great freedom in the arrangement of details to 
 varying conditons, the main plan remaming un- 
 changed. 
 
 To put the above plan of organization into ef- 
 fect, the board of regents adopted a code of by- 
 laws which have been revised as has been found 
 needful. 
 
 From the date of its organization for iniiver- 
 sity work, (1869) the progress of the institution 
 has been steady and sufliciently rapid. The lack 
 of preparatory schools to fit students for the 
 proper college work, confined the work of the 
 earUer years largely to elementary instruction, 
 believing that the indefinite operations of a full 
 preparatory department would discourage the high 
 schools of the state from assuming the duty of 
 preparatory instruction, the board of regents 
 dropped off tlie first year of the preparatory 
 course in 1876, and .second in 1878. There re- 
 mains accordingly but one sub-freshman class, 
 which serves the useful purpose of supplement- 
 ing the preparatory \\\nk of the high schools, 
 still in many cases insufficient. It is confidently 
 expected that the effect of a late act of the leg- 
 islature for the " encouragement of higher edu- 
 cation," appropriating a sum of money to such
 
 442 
 
 HTSTOBY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 high schools as will give free Lnstnictiou m regu- 
 lar and orderly coiuse of study, preparatory to 
 the University will within a few years render 
 wholly nnnecessary any preparatory instruction 
 in the University, itself. The state of Minnesota 
 by virtue of their lienefleent law ma}- possess, 
 \\liat no state of the Union is yet provided with, 
 a completed system of free pul)lie instruction. 
 primary, secondary and superior, commtm schools, 
 high schools, and the University federations of 
 colleges, all working in harmony. 
 
 The regents have constantly aimed to employ 
 as teachei-s, men and women of the highest qual- 
 ifications available in such number as the finan- 
 ces would allow. ]N"ext to the instruction they 
 estimate the importance of the means of instruc- 
 tion. They have accordingly expended liberally 
 upon the library, the chemical and other labora- 
 tories, and upon the museum, all of these estab- 
 lishments are in a condition credil)le to an insti- 
 tution and a state so young. Tlie library is the 
 largest and best in the state, and is constantly in- 
 creasing by careful purchases and by gifts. To 
 furnish the additional rooms already much needed 
 for the library, the laboratories and the museum, 
 as well as to enlarge the facilities for the .scien- 
 tific and industrial work of the Universitj-. the 
 legislature of 1881, made an annual appropria- 
 tion of thirty thousand dollars for six years, to 
 be expended in buildings, furniture, books and 
 apparatus. This legislation assures the develop- 
 ment of the institution on a scale commensmate 
 with the progress of the state, and that of simi- 
 lar institutions in iieighbormg states, and it fur- 
 ther proclaims as a matter beyond question, that 
 the people of Minnesota mean to pnnide them- 
 selves with the amplest outfit for the higlier edu- 
 cation of their youth. The peojile. at length, are 
 sovereign in culture as ui government. 
 
 In 1872, by vu-tue of an act of the legislature, 
 the geological and natural history survey of the 
 state was authorized and placed under the charge 
 of the board of regents. Professor Xewton H. 
 Winchell was employed as state geologist, and as 
 professor of geology and mineralogy in the Uni- 
 versity. Tor some yeai-s he contmued the work 
 of teaching in connection mth the duties of the 
 sun-ey, but the survey having at length requii-ed 
 so much of the time, the regents. have been 
 obhged to reUeve him from instruction. The 
 
 work of this most important enterprise is well 
 advanced, and the first volume of the final report 
 is ready for pubUcation. The annual reports of 
 progi-ess of the state geologist may be foimd in 
 the annual reports of the board of regents, be- 
 ginning with that of 1872. which report, however, 
 is now unfortunately out of print. 
 
 The income of the I'niversity has not yet been 
 large enough to warrant the board in opening the 
 colleges of law and medicine named in the char- 
 ter. They have wisely considered it their duty 
 to provide for the education of the industrial 
 classes, the intended beneficiaries of the laud 
 grant of 1862. from which a considerable share of 
 the revenue is derived. The branches of learn- 
 ing related to agriculture and the mechanic arts 
 will be constantly and specially fostered, while 
 other classical and scientific studies, which the 
 law forbids to be neglected, will have an honored 
 place in the curriculum. "While the majority of 
 the students have always been sons and daughters 
 of farmers and artizans. tlie undoubted fact that 
 but few of them have been willing to pursue the 
 regular industrial courses of study has prevented 
 the institution from receiving a fair credit for her 
 industrial work. With the increased facilities for 
 instruction in agricultiire and engineering in their 
 several specialties, it is probable that there will 
 be a larger number who will desire to pui-sue 
 technical courses. 
 
 The history of the University of Minnesota, like 
 that of the maiden state history is a brief one, but 
 enough has been done by a few individuals to 
 place the future people of what will soon be a 
 state of imperial magnitude and influence, mider 
 ol)ligations. It would not be seemly to omit the 
 mention of a few names even in a brief sketch, 
 such as this. The Hon. John Nicols, of St. Paul, 
 after seven years" continuous ser\"ice as regent 
 and treasurer, died hi 187-. Gen. H. II. Sibley, 
 the first governor of the state, already mentioned 
 as a member of the territorial board has been a 
 member of the board under the re-organization 
 from the begLnnmg and for the past sixteen years, 
 has been president. His great finanacial experi- 
 ence, and the high place he deservedly holds in 
 the estimation of Minnesotians of all creeds and 
 parties, have made him a tower of strength to the 
 institution. 
 
 Ex-Gov. ^\'m. R. Marshall, who has been on
 
 PIKE'S INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL. 
 
 443 
 
 the board either ex-oflScio or by appointment, 
 since 1868, has been a most faithful guardian of 
 the interests of the institution. 
 
 Conspicuous for bis unremitted activity and 
 wholesouled devotion to the University, through 
 a period of years reaching from 1863 to tlie pres- 
 ent time, must be mentioned Gov. John S. Pills- 
 bury. To say that to liis labors and sacrifices, 
 more than to any other agencies tlie prosperity of 
 the institution is due, is merely to record what is 
 everywhere known and aclinowledged. 
 
 Among members of the faculty it is proper to 
 mention tlie names of a few of those senior pro_ 
 fessors whose instructions have given just reputa- 
 tion to the University and secured the gratitude of 
 'arge bodies of students who have enjoyed the 
 same. 
 
 Professor G. Campbell, who in the earlier years 
 of his service, gave most acceptable mstruction 
 in the German language, from the text book of 
 which lie was the author, was occupied later 
 with history, and meiital :uid moral sciences. 
 Professor Campbell was a master of the art of 
 teaching, and had the faculty of interesting all 
 his pupils in the most abstnise subjects. He re- 
 signed his oflSce in 1880. 
 
 Professor J. Brooks, 1). 1)., ex-presiilent of 
 HamUne University, and held in esteem amount- 
 ing to reverence, by the alumni of that institu- 
 tion, lias occupied the chair of Greek contin- 
 uously since the beginning of college work 
 in 1869. As a veteran teacher in Minnesota he 
 needs no eulogy. 
 
 Professor ~\'ersal 3. Walker, entering the ser- 
 vice of the University at the same time with the 
 other officers mentioned, died in May, 1876. In 
 this event the University was deprived of a 
 teacher of extraordinary gifts, whose noble char- 
 acter, and inspiring christian influence had en- 
 deared to him all his colleagues and students. 
 
 Colonel William W. Folwell, a professor m 
 Kenyon college, Ohio, was elected president of 
 the University in August, 1869, and began his 
 duties with the first University faculty in the 
 following month. His services have been satis- 
 factoiy to the board of regents to the degree that 
 that he has been retained continuously in their 
 service to the present time. 
 
 Professor Pike's industrial school was organized 
 at the University of Minnesota, November 13th, 
 
 1880. It meets twice a week, on Monday and 
 Thursday evenings. It is under the charge of 
 Professor W. A. Pike, professor of engineering at 
 the University. Professor Pike is specially ipial- 
 ified to conduct a school of this character, bemg 
 a graduate of the Institute of Technology of 
 Boston, and also has been, for the past nine years, 
 professor of engineering in the Maine State Col- 
 lege. It was suggested by him soon after he came 
 to this city, after becoming somewhat acquainted 
 with the needs of Minneapolis, and his instruction 
 is given, in addition to the duties wliich he dis- 
 charges to the University itself, gratuitously. 
 The rooms, lighting, heating, and desks are fur- 
 nished by the University, and the students furnish 
 their own books, tools, etc. It is intended 
 specially for mechanics, to afford them an opportu- 
 nity to gain a knowledge of mechanical drawing, 
 that will be useful to any mechanic. The utmost 
 limit of the class is already reached, there being 
 sixty now enrolled. The first night it was opened 
 there were forty-seven applications, and new ap- 
 plications are made every evening, which cannot 
 be acted upon until vacancies occur. The present 
 membership includes carpenters, mill-wrights, 
 cabinet-makers, stone-cutters, and surveyors, and 
 some of our liest mechanics are among them. The 
 class begins with a series'of geometrical problems 
 taken from tlnee plates, which are enlarged to 
 hang upon the walls in full view of every student. 
 Then projection drawings follow, and thereafter 
 the work is adapted to the \'arious occupations, 
 one set of plates being prepared for wood, and 
 another for metal workers. The ages of the stu- 
 dents range from sixteen to fifty. The success of 
 this school has already demonstrated that there is 
 an active demand for this kind of instruction in 
 Minnesota, and particularly in Minneapolis. 
 
 In this comiection it may be stated that a plan 
 for doing some kind of shop work at the Univer- 
 sity has been presented to the board of regents 
 by Professor Pike, suggested by the Russian sys- 
 tem, which was exhibited at the Centenial in 
 specimens from the industrial schools of that 
 country. This system has been authorized by the 
 Boston Institute of Technology, and the Maine 
 State College, and, briefiy speaking, it is to teach 
 certain useful trades upon scientific principles, ui 
 the shortest time possible. 
 
 Macalester College is the outgrowth of the
 
 444 
 
 HISTOBT OF EENXEFIK COUNTY. 
 
 Baldwin school, incorporated by the legislature 
 of Minnesota, and opened in June, 1853, in 
 the citj- of St. Paul. Its design was not the 
 co-education, but the instruction of the youth of 
 both sexes i the boys under a male principal and 
 the girls vuider an educated and accomplished 
 woman. 
 
 The building intended for the female depart- 
 ment was of brick, and is situated next to the 
 City Hall m St. Paul. It was dedicated with ap- 
 appropriate exercises, in December, 1853, and at 
 the time of its completion was the largest building 
 for educational purposes in Mmnesota. The first 
 catalogue of a literary institution in Minnesota 
 was issued in .January, 1854, by this school. At 
 that time the number of pupUs in attendance in 
 the female department had been forty-three, and 
 in the male department tAvent\-eight. a total of 
 seventj-one. To prevent confusion and to lay 
 the foimdatiou of a college for male youths, the 
 trustees determined to reorganize the boys depart- 
 ment as the college of St. Paul, and the three- 
 story stone edifice, opposite the residence of W. 
 L. Bauuuig. in St. Paul, now the house of the 
 Good Shepherd, was erected for the purpose. 
 
 Dming the late civil war, for financial reasons' 
 the schools were suspended, the buildings sold, and 
 the moneys mvested, and by an act of the legisla- 
 ture of 1864, both schools were again brought un- 
 der one charter. 
 
 Upon the return of the founder, the Rev. Mr- 
 Neill, from Em-oi^e. in 1872. he began the work of 
 reorganization, and leased for that purpose, at a 
 rental of twelve hmidred doUai-s per annum, the 
 large stone edifice buUt for a hotel, in the East 
 Division of ^Minneapolis. The owner of the build- 
 ing, the late Charles Macalester of Philadelphia, 
 was an old famUy acquaintance and neighbor of 
 the founder, and by his will, at the suggestion of 
 Mr. Xeill, the buildmg was left to be used or sold 
 for educational purposes, and the institution 
 named Macalester College. By an act of the 
 legislature of 1874, it was provided that the Bald- 
 win institution should be called Macalester Col- 
 lege, with the proviso that the preparator>- de- 
 partment should be known as the Baldwin school. 
 
 ThLs school has about thirty boys in attendance, 
 and the Rev. R. Macquesten, is the principal. 
 
 President jS'eill has sent in his resignation to 
 the trustees, to take effect whenever §30,000 is 
 
 raised for the endowment of the presidency, and 
 a Presbyterian selected for the otlice. The aim 
 of the institution is set forth in the following ex- 
 tract from an address by its founder, delivered 
 at the dedication of the Baldwin school bunding, 
 in December, 18.53: 
 
 "We desire that the voice of prayer and the 
 anthem of praise shall be heard in this edifice 
 each day at the assembling or dismissal of the 
 pupils, and that the Holy Bible shall be known as 
 a text-book. The teachers who have been em- 
 ployed during the last term, have belonged to 
 three different branches of the Holy Catholic 
 Cliurch, and have given pleasing evidence of be- 
 ing actuated by the same catholic spirit. 
 
 "On the corporate seal of the institution are 
 engraved two female figures, one in classic dra- 
 perj-. telescope in hand and compass at the feet, 
 representing Science investigating the laws of na- 
 tiu-e; the other in sitting posture and modern 
 dress, holding the open word of God, represent- 
 ing Revelation. They are in friendly converse, 
 the twin sisters of heaven, as the motto suggests, 
 'Xatura et Revelatio, coeU gemini.' 
 
 "In the various departments of the Baldwin 
 school, natin-e and revelation wUl never be pre- 
 sented in antagonism. The laws that are devel- 
 oped m the study of each, the teachers will en- 
 deavor to prove to be emanations from the same 
 Divine mind. The stjle of education, it is 
 hoped, will lift the pupil out of the larva or grov- 
 ehug state, and prepare for the best society of 
 all worlds — an immortal existence in the king- 
 dom of heaven, as the soaring butterfly is intend- 
 ed to symbolize." 
 
 President oi ^lacalester college. Rev. Edward 
 Duflield Xeill ; principal of Bald-nln school. Rev. 
 Rockwood Macquesten. 
 
 Trustees: "William C. Baker. Frederick W. 
 Brooks, Samuel Cliute. MimieapoUs; Thomas 
 Cochran, Jr., Henry J. Horn, Henry M. Knox, 
 St. Paid ; W. AV. McXan, Mimieapolis : Henry 
 L. Moss, St. Paul; C. C. Webster, Red Wing; 
 Alexander Ramsey, St. Paul ; FrankUn Steele, 
 (deceased) Minneapolis ; H. Knox Taylor ; St. 
 Paul; C. E. Vanderburgh, J. C. "OTiitney, Eugene 
 M. Wilson, Minneapolis, president of coUege, ex 
 officio. 
 
 The college buUduig is of stone, five stories 
 and a half high, has a g>Tiinasium 40x100 feet,
 
 BUSINESS COLLEGES. 
 
 445 
 
 and accommodations for professors and one hun- 
 dred students. The collegiate department will 
 not be opened until two professorships are fully 
 endowed ; and meanwhile, the preparatory de- 
 partment, known as the Baldwin school, will pre- 
 pare boys for liusiness, or any college, and will 
 aim to be what Pliillips Academy and "W'illiston 
 Seminary are in Massachusetts. It is the inten- 
 tion to dispose of the present edifice, and build 
 in the suburb between Minneapolis and St. Paul, 
 as soon as possible. , 
 
 The Bennett Seminary for young ladies was or- 
 ganized in 1870, by Mrs. B. C. Bennett, wlio was 
 connected with the school until 1877. Her place 
 was then supplied by Mrs. M. B. ISIilligan, with 
 Miss E. E. Kenyon as assistant principal. In 
 1880 Mrs. Milligan withdrew, leaving the schooj 
 in charge of Miss Kenyon. 
 
 The seminary is located at 31.5 Tenth street 
 .south. The faculty are: Miss E.E. Kenyon, princi- 
 pal ; Rev. Dr. Eice, Latin ; Miss Abbott, Latin ; 
 Miss Carrie Ferguson, first assistant; Miss Mary 
 A. Jacot, drawing; Madame Ilatschek, French ; 
 Miss Todd, German ; Miss Loi Rice, music ; Miss 
 Baldwin, second assistant ; Professor L. Brown, 
 vocal music. Courses of lectures are deli\'ered by 
 gentlemen of high standing, whose names do not 
 appear among the instructors. The tiiistees and 
 directors are among the leading citizens of Min- 
 neapolis. 
 
 Miss Judson's school for young ladies is located 
 at 411 Nicollet Avenue, and was opened in Sep- 
 tember, 1879, with four pupils. Its success is, 
 however, assured, and at present forty-one pupils 
 are in attendance. The comse of study involves 
 a sub-preparatory department, preparatory, and 
 advanced course, the two latter contemplating to- 
 gether, six years' study. An interesting feature 
 is the system of lectures uiauguarated by Miss 
 Judson, who is peculiarly qualified both by taste 
 and cultivation for this work. 
 
 The corps of instructors is made up as follows: 
 Miss Abby A. Judson, literature, history and 
 rhetoric ; Miss Adeline Wetherbee, science and 
 mathematics ; Miss Edith Wilson, sub-prepara- 
 tory department ; JVIadame Ilatschek, French ; 
 Miss Todd, German; Professor Lyman Brown, 
 vocal music. 
 
 Curtiss Business College was established in 
 1869 by Prof. Heniy Barnard. In the spring 
 
 of 1875, Prof. C. C. Curtis, who had previously 
 been employed as assistant, purchased the entire 
 interest, and removed it, first to Bridge Square, 
 and subsecjuently, in the fall of 1878, to the pres- 
 ent commodious quarters in the new college 
 block, Xo.'s 2.51. 25.3 and 2.55 Nicollet Avenue. 
 In September, 1879, Prof. Curtis opened hi St. 
 Paul a branch college, the exact counterpart of 
 the Miimeapolis institution. The faculty at Min- 
 neapolis consists of C. C. Curtis, A. M., president; 
 W. K. MiUiken A. M., Charles T. Rickard, D. 
 W. Sprague, Miss A. A. Noble, Miss Kate Saun- 
 ders, William G. Smith, teachers. The total 
 attendance during the year 1880, was 232 pupils, 
 average attendance about 65. The course of 
 study consists of a preparatory course, an elemen- 
 tary commercial course and the advanced com- 
 mercial course. 
 
 The Archibald Business Academy, located at 
 No. 12 Third street north, was established in 
 1877 by Prof. A.R.Archibald. The course of 
 study is intended to prepare young men and 
 women for college, and for giving instruction in 
 penmanship, book-keeping, mathematics, gram- 
 mar and the business branches generally. About 
 sixty pupils are enrolled as regular attendants. 
 Miss S. A. Archibald, superintends and teaches 
 the mtermediate department. The principal is a 
 graduate of Dartmonth college, and a competent 
 instructor. 
 
 The MinneapoUs Academy, at 1313 Fourth 
 street south-east, opened September 16th, 1879 
 with twenty pupils, and two teachers. The de- 
 sign of the institution is to occupy a middle 
 groiuid between the district schools and the uni- 
 versity. The academy has established the fol- 
 lowing courses : a business course, a teacher's 
 course, a university preparatory course, and an 
 academic course, the latter divided into Latin, 
 French, German, and English divisions. It has 
 four regular instructors, all college graduates, 
 and one monitor, who is strictly an officer of dis- 
 cipline. Faculty: Charles Davidson, A. M. prin- 
 cipal and master in English, German and Greek; 
 Hannah Amelia Davidson, A. B., principal and 
 master in Latin, French and English literature; 
 John T. Marvin, A. M., B. D., master in normal 
 work, and business department; William A. 
 Noyes, A. B.. B. S., master in mathematics, and 
 natural sciences.
 
 446 
 
 HISTORY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 Sexeral convents and parochial schools are so 
 intimately associated \vith the churches by which 
 they are directed that mention of them is reserved, 
 and will be found under the clnu-ches to which 
 they owe their existence and patronage. 
 
 Angfslnu-g: Seniinar\- of the Norwegian Danish 
 EvangeUcal Lutheran Church. In 1869, Augs- 
 burg Semuiary was organized as a theological 
 school at Marshall. Dane county. "Wisconsin, un- 
 der the auspices of the Aiigustana synod, with 
 Prof. Weenaas as president. Hardly had the pro- 
 fessors begun to feel at home, when a division in 
 the synod occurred which materially changed the 
 order of things. A meeting of the dissenting 
 ones was held at St. Ansgar. Mitchell coimty, 
 Iowa, in August, 1870, which resulted in the or- 
 ganization of the "Norsk Dansk Conference," 
 which uidependent action lost to them all right 
 of property in the buildings at Marshall. A new 
 organization under the old name was then effected 
 under the auspices of the new conference and at 
 a meeting held at Madison. Wisconsin, in Janu- 
 ary, 1S71, it was resolved to procure new build- 
 ings, and the cities of Madison, and Minneapolis, 
 Minnesota, were discussed as desirable locations 
 for the seminaiT. 
 
 In June. 1871. the conference held its firet reg- 
 ular meeting at ilinneapolis. It was then re- 
 solved that their buildings should be erected here 
 and steps were at once taken for the speedy prose- 
 cution of the work. Private subscriptions in land, 
 money, etc., were obtained to the amount of 
 §4,700, and in the fall of the same year building 
 was commenced. At first one structure 40x.52 
 feet, tliree stories high, was erected, which was 
 ready for occupancy in the fall of 1872, when 
 president "Weenaas removed his institution to the 
 new building. lie had in the meantime occupied 
 rented buildings at Marehall. In 1874 the main 
 building was commenced and finished the follow- 
 ing year; it is four stories, 113x52 feet, veneered 
 with brick, and is a tasty and imposing struetiu'e. 
 A building 60x38, the residence of the professors, 
 erected on the grounds, was also completed the 
 same year. President "Weenaas had visited Nor- 
 way theprevious year and brought back with him 
 on his return, Prof. S. Oftedal, to whose energy 
 and progressive mind is largely due the speedy 
 completion of Augsburg. In 1874 two important 
 additions were made to the faculty in the per- 
 
 sons of S. E. Gunnerson and George Sverdrup,who 
 arrived from Norway in the fall of that year. 
 About this time the institution was changed from 
 being a theological seminary oiily, by the addition 
 of a preparatory course and a Greek course of 
 four years. 
 
 In 1876, President Weenaas severed his con- 
 nection with the Seminary and returned to Nor- 
 way. At the meeting of the annual conference. 
 Prof. Sverdrup was elected president, which po- 
 sition he still honorably fiH^, On his assuming 
 the presidency, he found an indelitedness which 
 in 1877, amounted to 816,000, when it was deter- 
 mined to raise money for its licjuidation. Prof. 
 Oftedal being president of the board of trustees, 
 was appointed to raise the money. Committees 
 were appointed in all churches of tlie Norsk 
 Dansk Conference in this and adjoining states, 
 and by January, 1878, 820,000 in cash had been 
 paid in. Tlie debt was paid, and the surplus was 
 used in the purchase of grounds for present use. 
 
 In 1872, when the Seminary was first opened,the 
 roster showed the names of twenty-four stiulents, 
 m 187-5, it showed one hiuidred, which is its 
 greatest capacity. Efforts are now making to 
 create an endowment fund and increase the fa- 
 cilities of the institution. 
 
 It is under the direction of President Sverdrup 
 and Professors Oftedal and Gmmerson, assisted 
 by two teachers, one each as instructor in the 
 English and Norwegian languages. The build- 
 ing and grounds valued at §40,000 are located in 
 South MinneapoUs, corner of Seventh street and 
 Twentieth Avenue south. 
 
 Kindergarten Schools. Mrs. E. It. Ilolbrook 
 opened the first Kindergarten school in the city, 
 in 1875, with about twelve pupils, whose ages 
 varied from four to eight years. The school was 
 located on Seventh street, between Nicollet and 
 First Avenues. The school increased under Mrs. 
 Holbrook"s management, rendering another 
 teacher necessary. The number of schools has 
 now increased to four, three of which require 
 tuition fees for instruction and one is a charita- 
 ble institution conducted by Mrs. Ilolbrook. The 
 whole number of pupils is now about sixty-two, 
 divided among different schools. Miss Annie L. 
 Couchman, conducts one of the branches at 227 
 Sixth street south; she has about eighteen pupils, 
 and has been teaching three years.
 
 SECRET SOCIETIES. 
 
 447 
 
 Miss Lizzie Stevenson at number 80 Eighth 
 street lias about eighteen pupils. Mrs. Holbrook 
 on Franklin Avenue, has a school of sixteen be- 
 sides the charity pupils. 
 
 The Frobel branches are taught viz; sewing, 
 weaving, drawing, stick and slat laying, modeling 
 in clay, peas work, paper folding and perforating. 
 Half an hour each day is spent in games with 
 singing and dancing. In addition to all this, the 
 little ones are instructed orally in French and 
 German. 
 
 CHAPTER LXX. 
 
 ORDER OF ODD FELLOWS — JCNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 
 — DRUIDS— A. O. TJ. W.— KNIGHTS OF HONOR 
 — MISCELLANEOUS SOCIETIES. 
 
 Schiller Encampment, No. 5, was instituted 
 November 24th, 1869, with seven members and 
 the following officers : Chief Patriarch, Wm. 
 Duhnke ; High Priest, Adolph Sieber; Senior 
 Warden, August Ende ; R. S. and F. S., C. II. 
 Blecken; Treasurer, Neil Frederichs. The pres- 
 ent membership is forty-nine. They meet on the 
 second and fourth Wednesdays of each month, at 
 their hall in Loring's block, Nos. 17 and 19 Sec- 
 ond street south, and are presided over by the 
 following officers: C. P., Conrad Peters; II. P. 
 C. V. Spiegel; S. R., George Leveffert; J. W., J, 
 H. Roth; R. S. and F. S., Joseph Keryman; 
 Treasurer, Henry Wacks. 
 
 Robert Blum Lodge, No. 21, was mstituted 
 May 21st, 1868. The charter members numbered 
 only seven, and were governed by the following 
 officers: N. G., August Ende; V. G., Rudolph 
 Sieber; R. S. and F. S., Wm. Duhnke; Treasurer, 
 Mathias Nathaker. The membership has in- 
 creased to one hundred and forty-seven, and the 
 lodge meets every Monday evening at its hall in 
 Loring's block, Nos. 17 and 19 Second street 
 south. Present officers are : N. G., Herman 
 Westphal; V. G., Conrad Peters; R. S., Emil von 
 Kiester; F. S., Frank Wacks; Treasurer, J. D. 
 Meyer. 
 
 St. Anthony Lodge, No. 40, was instituted May 
 16th, 1873, with the following officers: N. G., C. 
 W. Lane ; V. G., C. H. Connor ; Recording .and 
 financial secretary, L. W. Valentine; treasurer, 
 Baldwin Brown. This lodge was organized with 
 with but ten charter members, and now has one 
 hundred and six. Meetings are held at the lodge 
 rooms. No. 208 Central Avenue, every Friday 
 evening. The officers are: N. G., G. B. Foster; 
 V. G., Charles Hart; R. S., J. B. Tinklepangh ; 
 P. S., Fred H. Gowen; Treasurer, Solomon Gray. 
 
 Union Encampment No. 14, was instituted 
 November 2d, 1874, with twenty charter mem- 
 bers; the present membership is about fifty-two. 
 Present officers; C. P., Geo. W. Drake; H. P., H. 
 S. Patten; S. W., Louis Wilhams; scribe, J. E. 
 Boyden; treasurer, A. C. Peters. Meetings sec- 
 ond and fourth Mondays of each month over 
 Northwestern Bank. This society is in a flourish- 
 ing condition. 
 
 Fraternity Lodge, No. 62, was instituted Au- 
 gust 31st, 1877, with thirteen charter members 
 and the following officers: N. G., H. S. Patten; 
 V. G., J. E. Boyden ; R. S., A. C. Peters; P. S., 
 James Campbell; Treasurer, A. T. Green. The 
 membership has increased to eighty-one, and 
 the lodge meets every Friday evening over the 
 Northwestern National Bank. The officers are: 
 N. G., H. S. Patten; V. G., Lewis WilUams ; R. 
 S., P. O. Bean; P. S., A. C. Peters; Treasurer, J. 
 E. Boyden. 
 
 The Odd Fellows Battalion was organized from 
 members of the various encampments of this 
 city, and its object is to perfect its members in 
 the drill. The officers are: C. W. Smith, captain; 
 J. A. Smith, assistant captain; J. E. Boyden, 
 secretary and treasurer. 
 
 Stella Lodge, No. 3, Daughters of Rebekah, 
 was Instituted November 17th, 1869, with twenty- 
 one charter members, and at one time numbered 
 forty-seven. September 18th, 1878, it surren- 
 dered its charter. At that time the officers were: 
 N. G., A. Cantieny; V. G., Mrs. W. B. Hawley; 
 R. S.. A. C.Peters; F. S., Mrs. C. J. Wooley; 
 treasurer, Mrs. E. A. Stevens. 
 
 Minne-ha-ha Lodge, No. 13, Daughters of Re- 
 bekah, instituted November 13th, 1878, with nine- 
 teen charter members, now numbers, twenty- 
 eight. The lodge meets the first and third
 
 448 
 
 HISTOBT OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 Wednesdays of each month at its hall, No. 208 
 Central Avenue. The officers are: K. G., Mrs. 
 G. B.Foster; V. G., Mrs. C. E. Ilaynes; R. S., 
 Mrs. S. F. Stanley; P. S., Mrs. Viola Stanley; 
 ti-easiurer, Mrs. M. L. Greenway. The first offi- 
 cers of the lodge were: N. G., C. C. Hurd, V. 
 G., Mrs. Mola Stanley; R. S., Mrs. C. E. Haynes; 
 P. S., Mrs. Mary Shepherd; treasurer, Mrs. M. 
 L. Greenway. 
 
 KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS. 
 
 Minneapolis Lodge, No. 1, Knights of Pythias, 
 was instituted July 11th, 1870, by Samuel Read, 
 Supreme Chancellor. The first officers were : 
 David Royal. C. C; Ed. A. Stevens, V. C; A. 
 Leroy Fenalson, K. R. S. From but seventeen 
 members the lodge has grown to one hmidred and 
 three, governed by C. C, W. E. Geirish ; V. C, 
 O. A. Fultz ; K. R. S., Andrew J. Hart ; M. E., 
 David Royal. They meet Fridays. 
 
 Eureka Lodge, No. 2, St. Anthony, was insti- 
 tuted August 30th, 1870, with nineteen charter 
 members. The officers were: C. C, 0. E. Phelps; 
 V. C, A. J. Meachani ; K. R. S., E. R. Newman. 
 In 1873, it snrrenderf d its charter, and most of 
 the members joined local lodges. 
 
 Germania Lodge, No. 4, organized July 10th, 
 1871, with ten charter members. C. C, F. D. 
 Conrad ; V. C, G. Boehme ; K. R. S., U. Oswald. 
 The membership has mcreased to fifty- five 
 with the following officers: C. C, Charles 
 Figgs ; Y. C, F. Reimer ; K. R. S., F. Frederick: 
 M. E., C. Goehringer. They meet Tuesdays. 
 
 Damon Lodge, No. 5, was mstituted August 
 30th. 1S71, with fifteen charter members. C. C, 
 J. J. Lynn; Y. C, Edwin Phillips; K. R. S., L. 
 P. Plummer. The members now number twenty- 
 four, officered by : C. C, C. G. Yan Vert ; V. C, 
 Ariel C. Harris; K. R. S., J. IL Ileisser; M. E., 
 Byron Sutherland. The lodge meets the second 
 and fourth Mondays of each month. 
 
 Scandia Lodge, No. 6, was organized Novem- 
 ber 21st, 1871, with eight charter members. The 
 first officers were : C. C, A. R. Olson ; Y. C, O. 
 C. Michaelson ; K. R. S., Andrew Rundy. The 
 membership is now one hundred and sixteen, and 
 the officers are : C. C, Nicholas Dahl ; Y. C, 
 Gustavus Johnson; K. R. S., M. J. Harlin; M. 
 E., H. O. Peterson. Hold meetings Thursdays. 
 
 Hermion Lodge, No. 18, organized ]\Iarch 25th, 
 1878, with 119 members. Officers : C. C. F. S. 
 
 McDonald; Y. C, A. T. Allen; K. R. S., Selah 
 Matthews. The members now number 132, with 
 otticers as follows: C. C, W. B. Jones; V. C, 
 J. AV. Tomm ; K. R. S., George R. Seaton ; M. E., 
 J. W. jNIarshall. Meets on Mondays. The Grand 
 Lodge meets annually at Minneapolis, on the sec- 
 ond Tuesday in February. 
 
 This order has organized various endowment, 
 mutual benefit and building associations. Of 
 these, the following are the most prominent; 
 '• Knights of Pythias Mutual Benefit Associa- 
 tion " was organized June 6th, 1876. Its object 
 is mutual or co-operative life insurance. The 
 present officers are George 11. West, president; 
 H. A. Hopper, vice-president ; Ezra B. Ames, 
 secretary ; George H. Johnson, treasurer ; A. H. 
 Salisbury, medical director. •' Knights of Pythias 
 Hall Association "" was incoi-porated May 27th, 
 1879, with Ed. A. Stevens, president; C. Goe- 
 hringer and AV. R. Christianson, vice-president ; 
 Selah jSIathews, secretary ; F. S. ISIcDonald, 
 treasurer. This association was created for the 
 purpose of building or leasins^ a hall and trans- 
 acting business connected therewith. The direc- 
 tors were chosen from the different lodges con- 
 nected with it, in proportion of one director for 
 each share held by lodges. It now has about 
 $25,000 invested. The officers are Ed. A. Ste- 
 vens, president , C. Goehringer and A. C. Brand, 
 vice-presidents; M.J. Harlin. secretary; H. M. 
 ^lartin. treasurer. " Endowment Rank, " 
 Knights of Pythias, section No. 88, was created 
 January 26th, 1878. In the first class, which 
 pays a benefit of §1,000 at the death of a mem- 
 ber, there is in the United States, a memberehip 
 of 11,532, and in the second class, which pays 
 $2,000, 15.652. Tlie officers of the section are 
 president, W. B. Jones ; vice-president, Andrew 
 AV^alstad; chaplain, R. L. AVarner; secretary and 
 treasurer. Ezra B. Ames ; guide, J. B. Moore ; 
 guard, Isaac Harrison ; sentuiel A. H. Edsten. 
 The organization known as the "Minneapolis 
 Ejiights of Pythias Drill Corps,'' was formed 
 November 30th, 1880, for the purpose of perfec- 
 ting its members in the use of the sword, and 
 other military evolutions. The officers are B. F. 
 Cole, captain ; A. C. Harris, first lieutenant ; J. 
 AV. Taun. second lieutenant ; Olmendinger, 
 standard bearer ; Ezra B. Ames, secretary ; M. 
 J. Harlin, treasurer.
 
 SECRET SOCIETIES. 
 
 449 
 
 UNITED ANCIENT ORDER OF DRUIDS. 
 
 The objects of the United Ancient Order of 
 Druids are the diffusion of social and intellectual 
 intercourse among all its members, and the estab- 
 lishment of a system of general philanthropy and 
 benevolence, by providing for the sick and dis- 
 tressed, and the interment of its deceased mem- 
 bers throughout the U. A. O. D. The Grand 
 Grove of the state of Mimiesota, V. A. O. D., re- 
 cognizes no grove or groves but such as shall con- 
 form, and agree to establish, or have already es- 
 tablished a fund for tlie purpose of supporting its 
 members during sickness, for the relief of the dis- 
 tressed, for the burial of the dead, and for giving 
 aid to the viidows and orphans of its deceased 
 members. 
 
 Minne-ha-ha Grove, No. 8, was instituted March 
 16, 1874, with thirteen members, who have in- 
 creased to fifty-five. Tlie regular meetings are 
 held at Druids Hall, IJridge square, every Tliurs- 
 day evenmg. The officers are: P. A.,E. P. L. 
 Blecken ; N. A., Fred llunner ; V. A., Peter Noel; 
 R. S., A. L. Sump ; F. S., J. A. Gilman ; T., J. 
 A. Maul; C, L. Annueller; J. S. G., August 
 Lanclmer ; O. S. G., J. M. Jolinson. Bards; P. 
 Prederichs, E. H. B. to N. A.; John Navratill, 
 L. H. B. to N. A.; Bernhard Hunt, R. II. B. to 
 V. A.; A. G. Sheffer, L. II. B. to V. A. 
 
 Eintracht Grove, No. 14, was instituted March 
 1876, with thirty-three charter members. The 
 present membersliip is tifty-seven, and hold 
 their regular meetings on Monday evening of 
 each week, at Druids Hall, Bridge square. 
 The oflBcers are: P. A., Ed Pisclier; N. A., H. 
 Buckendorf; V. A., August Siebert; R. S., John 
 Bahr; T., I. Monasch ; G., C. Fust; J. G., P. 
 Hecki-ich ; O. G., Alex Honigschmidt. 
 
 Mistletoe Grove No. 17, was organized June 
 5th, 1878, witli twenty-nine charter members. 
 Tlie membership is now thirty-four, and the 
 grove meets Wednesdays at its hall. No 220 Nic- 
 ollet Avenue. The officers are: N. A., H. M. 
 Martin; Y. A., J. P. McLaughlin; secretary, Pe- 
 ter Schissler. 
 
 Pritzhof Grove, No. 18, was instituted in Sep- 
 tember, 1878, with fifty members. This grove 
 now numbers forty-five members wlio meet every 
 Friday everdng at Swede Brothers" Hall, No. 220 
 
 Nicollet Avenue. The present officers are: D. 
 29 
 
 D. G. A., P. Osander; P. A., H. Mortrud; N. A., 
 C. B. Johnson; B. A., O. Dulheim; K. S., P. 
 Osander; P. S., G. J. Swan; treasurer, Gustave 
 Lundell; Con., C. A. Howard; I. G.,Fred Peter- 
 son; O. G., Peterson; Bards, Peter Knudtson, R. 
 H. B. to N. A.; N. E. Colsti'om, L. H. B. toN. 
 A.; O. Malabo, R. II. B. to V. A.; C. O. Swan- 
 son, L. H. B. to V. A. 
 
 A. o. u. w. 
 
 Advance Lodge, No. 6, was organized Decem- 
 ber 4th, 1876, with thirty-six charter members. 
 The present membersliip in good standing is 
 sixty-one. Officers: P. W. M., O. M. Greely; W. 
 M., D. W. Egan; P., H. R. FaiT; O., J. G. Bugbee; 
 R., G. W. Fox; P., E. D. Blodgett; receiver, A. 
 M. Alden. They meet Wednesdays at their hall 
 No. 214 Hennepin Avenue. 
 
 Minneapolis Lodge No. 12 was organized April 
 9th, 1877. It meets Thursdays at No. 214 Hen- 
 nepin Avenue. Tlie present officers are: P. W. 
 M., Seth Emerson; W. M.,L. A. Condit; G. F., 
 J. V. Bailiff; O., Albert Knox; R., E. B. Ames; 
 P., W. W. Poole; receiver, J. H. Ege; G., B. De- 
 venbeck; I. W., J. Lunsden; O. W., D. P. Dela- 
 mater; representative to Grand Lodge. Selah 
 Matthews; trustees, H. J. Hanis, Selah Mat- 
 thews and J. H. Ege. 
 
 Star Lodge, No. 13, was organized May 7th, 
 1877, with forty-one charter members. The 
 largest membership at any one time was seventy- 
 nine. They now number, in good standing, 
 fifty-six, and meet every Tuesday evening at 
 their hall. No. 214 Hennepin Avenue. The pres- 
 ent officers are: P. W. M., S. C. Lahatte; W. M., 
 W. B. Hill ; P., J. C. Wilson ; O., J. P. Allaire; 
 R. S., E. C. Cauvet; P. S., G. S. Boyd; R., J. H. 
 McConnell. 
 
 Hennepin Lodge, No. 15, was organized on the 
 21st day of May, 1877, with thirty-nine charter 
 members. Tliis number increased, and now the 
 lodge has forty-six, all of whom are Scandmavi- 
 ans. Meetings are held Fridays, at No. 214 Hen- 
 nepin Avenue. The officers are: P. W. M., T. 
 Hanson; AV. M., John Peterson; G. P., E. New- 
 man; O., S. Mahla; P., John F.Peterson; Re- 
 ceiver, C, G. Kinney; R., Chas. Jolmson; I. W., 
 
 E. Freno; O. W\, C. J. Berg; G., J. O. Ness. 
 Nicollet Lodge, No. 16, was organized May 
 
 22d, 1877, with forty charter members. The
 
 4a0 
 
 BISTOBY OF EENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 membership at present is sixtj-oue. out of which 
 but two deaths have occurred, since organization. 
 The present officers are: P. AV. il., J. AV. ilur- 
 phy ; W. M.. T. G. Salisbuiy : G. F., :M. Co^ill : 
 O., ^y. M. Dowlin ; K., O. M. Keed ; F.. J. W. 
 Smith: Rec. Isaac Cheney: G.. S. C. Brown: I. 
 W.. B. Huber: O. W.. C. E. Harris. 
 
 Among the objects of the A. O. U. W. is to 
 improve the moral, intellectual and social condi- 
 tion of its members, and to create a fimd for 
 their benefit during sickness, and in case of death 
 to pay a stipulated sum to such pereon or persons 
 as may have been de.signated by deceased. 
 
 KNIGHTS OF HONOR. 
 
 This order is a secret benevolent society, com- 
 posed of a supreme, grand, and subordinate 
 lodges, wliich was established in 1873, by per- 
 sons who felt that the methods of relief to fami- 
 lies of deceased membei-s. as adopted by other 
 orders, was deficient. They believed that an 
 order founded with one of its main oljjects to 
 pay a death l)enefit. would meet with approval 
 and success. The objects of the order are briefly 
 stated by the Grand Lodge to be : To unite ft-a- 
 ternally all acceptable wliite men of every pro- 
 fession, business or occupation; to give all moral 
 and material aid in its power to members of the 
 order, by holding moral, instructive and scientific 
 lectures, Ijy encouraging each other in business, 
 and by assisting one another to find employment; 
 to estabUsh a benefit fmid, from which a sum 
 not to exceed S2.000. shall be paid, at the death 
 of a member, to his family, or to be disposed of 
 as he may direct; to establish a fimd for the re- 
 lief of sick or distressed members. 
 
 Mmueapolis Lodge, Xo. 587, was organized 
 April 16th, 1877. Its oflicere are: P. D.— I. Mc- 
 Naii-. D.— D. L. Pratt: Y. D.— E. G. Barnaby; 
 A. D.— Fred Bidlis; R. AV. Cheney; F. K.— S. 
 M. Spaukliag; C— P. II. Smith; Guide— E. C. 
 Cauvet; G.— William "Walker; S.— J as. Tyler; 
 M. E.— G. A. Land, M. D.; Trustees, Isaac Mc- 
 Nair, George H. Simpson and P. II. Smith. 
 
 Another lodge was organized :March 23, 1881, 
 with forty-seven charter-members, ^\'ith C. VT. 
 Clauson P. D., and J. X. Cross, Treasurer. 
 
 A3LERICAN LEGION OF HONOR. 
 
 Korthwest Council, Xo. 113, of Minneapolis, 
 was organized March 6th. 1880. The object of 
 
 the order is to unite fraternally aU persons of 
 somid health and good moral character who are 
 socially acceptable, and between the ages of eigh- 
 teen and sixty-five years, and to generally benefit, 
 aid and assist its members, intellectually and pe- 
 cimiarily. The officers are : C, Isaac McXair, 
 Y. C, ^y. E. Cray : O., J. Xewton Xuid : S., T. 
 
 F. Stark; C, L. F. Longbrake; T., A. B. Hush; 
 Chap.. D. H. McPhersou; G.. Fred BuUis : W., 
 Albert Ashenden ; Sentry, J. W. Ellis : M. E., S. 
 M. Spaulding, M. D.; A. M. E., Otis M. Hum- 
 phreys, M. D.; Trustees, J. H. McCUiitten, J. E. 
 Seeley, and O. J. Griffith. The order is incorpo- 
 rated by the commonwealth of Massachusetts, 
 and has In the United States a membership of 
 65,000. Three hundred lodges were instituted 
 dming the past year. 
 
 Grand Order of the Orient. Assumption coun- 
 cil was organized in February, 1880. It is a ben- 
 eficiary society, goveniedby the following officere: 
 Grand Orient, <i. II. Huntington ; Vice Grand 
 Orient, R. S. Nellis; Grand Servant. M. Tyson; 
 Secretary, W. B. Jones. 
 
 Herman Sous. This organization was founded 
 February 2oth, 1879. It is a benevolent and bene- 
 ficiary society, for the purpose of relieving sick 
 and distressed membere. who. in case of sickness, 
 draw five doUare per week, and deceased mem- 
 bers are bm-ied at the expense of the society. The 
 officers are : president, August Schwarm : vice- 
 president. A. Paegel : treasurer. Fred Xoeren- 
 berg ; secretary, Fred Tegeler. 
 
 The Society of Swedish Brothers was organized 
 Xovemljer 26th. 1876. with eight members. At 
 the first meeting, ilr. P. Osander. the foimder of 
 the society, presided. Its object is to relieve its 
 membere in sickness and distress: is a secret 
 mutual benefit association, and pays weekly bene- 
 flte to sick members, and defrays the funeral ex- 
 I)enses of deceased members. It has a member- 
 ship at present of ninety-five. It meets every 3Ion- 
 day evening at No. 220 Nicollet Avenue. The 
 officers are, president, Fred. Petereon : vice-presi- 
 dent, F. P. Korpe ; recording secretary, J. Fredall; 
 corresponding secretary, P. Osander ; treasurer, 
 
 G. Lundell. 
 
 Minneapolis Independent Order of Free Insur- 
 ance, was organized July loth. 1880. with twenty 
 membere. It is a benevolent society, the family 
 of each member receiving §1,000 at his death.
 
 BENEVOLENT SOCIETIES. 
 
 451 
 
 Meetings are held at the Synagogue on Fifth 
 street, between First and Second Avenues south. 
 There are now twenty-six members. The officers 
 are : president, G. L. Levi ; vice-president, II. 
 Rothschild ; recordmg secretary, M. Levi ; finan- 
 cial secretary, A. Mikslas; treasurer, E. Bern- 
 stein ; trustees, L. Werth and Ealpli Rees. 
 
 B'nai B'rith ; Minneapolis Lodge No. 27, I. O. 
 B. B., was organized February 25th, 1877, having 
 twenty-three members. The family of eacli 
 member receives ^1,000 at his death. Meetings 
 are held the first and third Sunday of each 
 month at the Synagogue. The officers are; pres- 
 ident, J. S. Skoll ; vice-president, J. Kohn ; re- 
 cording secretary, R. Rees; financial secretary, 
 M. Benson ; treasurer, G. Rees. 
 
 Brotherhood of I.iocomotive Engmeers. This 
 is an order of locomotive engineers, organized first 
 at Detroit, Michigan, August 17, 1863, as the 
 "Brotherhood of the Foot-l)oard," and reorganized 
 at Indianapolis, Indiana, August 17, 1864, under 
 the present title. It was revised at Boston, Mas- 
 sachusetts, October, 1877, and now lias in the 
 United States a membersliip of 10,000. Its object 
 is to elevate the standing of members as engineers 
 and their characters as men. Minne-ha-ha Lodge 
 of the Brotlierhood of locomotive Engineers, Min- 
 neapolis division. No. 180, was organized in 1874. 
 They meet at Druids' Hall, Market square, the 
 second and fourth Sundays of eacli montli. The 
 present officers are, D. G. Thompson, chief en- 
 gineer ; R. Althouse, secretary ; II. J. Lobdell, 
 treasurer. 
 
 Society of St. John the Baptist. This order 
 was founded in 18.59, for benevolent, educational 
 and fraternal purposes. It took a prominent part 
 in the celebration of tlie two hundredth anniver- 
 sary of the discovery of the falls of St. Anthony 
 by Father Hennepin. In the afternoon of that 
 day the society had a grand reimion at Market 
 Hall, where Archlnsliop Tache, of Manitoba, and 
 Bishop Lafleche, of Canada, made addresses ap- 
 propriate to the occasion. Bishop Ireland, of St: 
 Paul, and the American and Belgian consuls at 
 Manitoba were present. The otticers are: presi- 
 dent, F. Trepanier ; vice-president, F. Plaisance; 
 secretary, Z. Demeules; assistant secretary, E. 
 Genevey; treasurer, J. S. Cartier ; collector. A. J. 
 Menard; marshal, George Gadbout; chaplain, 
 Rev. Z. L. Chandonnet. 
 
 St. Andrew's Society. This society was organ- 
 ized August 4th, 1871, its object being to care for 
 the sick, and find employment and otherwise aid 
 unfortimate Scotchmen. Scotchmen, sons and 
 grandsons of Scotchmen only, are eligible to be-r 
 come members of tlie society. The present mem- 
 bers number fifty. The officers are: president, 
 M. Jarvie ; vice-president, R. McMillen ; secre- 
 tary, A. W. Craik ; treasurer, Stewart Wight- 
 man ; pliysician, A. C. Fairbairn, M. D. Board 
 of managers, John Miller, W. McCallum, D. Fer- 
 guson, A. McPhee, A. McDougall. 
 
 Society Norden. The " Minneapolis Scandina- 
 vian Dramatic Society " was organized August 
 22d, 1870, and afterwards, on November 27th, 
 1870, it was changed to " Society Norden," its 
 purpose from exclusively dramatic to social, and 
 on the 4th day of April, 1871", was incorporated 
 as such. A relief fund was established, for 
 which purpose seventy-five dollars was allowed 
 from tlie general fund as a foundation. April 
 1st, 1875, the Scandinavian singing society, 
 " Candia," united with the Society Norden. 
 March 7th, 1877, Society Norden was re-organized, 
 and has since been exclusively Swedish. It has 
 a library of about 800 volumes, consisting of 
 Swedish, Norwegian, Danish, and Englisli books. 
 The society now has about thirty members, who 
 during sickness receive four dollaus per week. 
 The officers form a board of trustees, and are : 
 R. Eugdald, president; Jolni Peterson, vice-pres- 
 ident ; C. 11. Hendrickson, recording secretary . 
 Axel Dahlstrand, corresponding secretary ; Au- 
 gust Zimmerman, treasurer; Alfred Soderstrom, 
 librarian ; Peter Pierson, assistant Ubrarian ; John 
 KUnt, marshal. 
 
 Immaculate Conception Benevolent Society. In 
 the spring of 1870, several young men conceived 
 the idea of forming a mutual benefit society, to 
 care for each other during sickness, and furnish 
 Christian burial to deceased members. A meet- 
 ing was called, and an organization perfected by 
 the election of officers, on Jime 5th, 1876. It is 
 No. 342 of the "CathoUc Benevolent Union," 
 which has a membership of 500,000. and branch- 
 es in nearly every city in the United States and 
 Canada. Its present officers are : Ed. O'Brien, 
 president ; J. II. McNally, vice-president ; A. F. 
 Boran, recording secretary ; J. B. Doherty, finan- 
 cial secretary ; J. W. Doran, treasurer.
 
 4d2 
 
 HISTORY OF nENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 The Chosen Friends. The Metropolitan Lodge 
 was organized in February, 1881, as a co- opera- 
 tive insui'aiice t-ompaiiy. with forty charter mem- 
 bers. The otBcei-s elected were: C. C, E. C. 
 Cauvet; Y. C.,Lucien Swift, Jr.; P. C, Charles 
 n. Clarke ; E.. "W. Gould : C L. L. Longl)rake : 
 T., K. AV. Laing: M., C. B. Leonard: \V., J. W. 
 Moore; G., C. A. Eockwell; S., C. A. Kowe; 
 Medical Directors. I)rs. McMurdy and Fairbaini ; 
 Prelate. J. P- Rea : Trustees, B. B. Hart, Isaac 
 McNair, B. H. Rolf. 
 
 CHAPTER LXXI. 
 
 FRKEMASONS— TTPOGKAPUKAL UNIONS — 3IIS- 
 CELLAXEOUS ORDERS. 
 
 Dr. A. E .Ames, upon his advent into the terri- 
 tory in October, 1851, collected the scattering 
 ^Masons who resided in the neighborhood, and ob- 
 tamed a dispensation from the Grand Lodge of 
 Illinois to open Cataract Lodge, U. D., in 
 ancient form, and on February 14th. this cer- 
 emony was obsersed ui the little parlor of Aid 
 Godfrey, when A. E. Ames occupied the East, 
 Colonel "W. Smith the "West, Isaac Brown the 
 South; Ard Godfrey, treasurer; John II. Stevens, 
 secretary; D. M. Coolbaugh, S. D.; H. S. Atwood, 
 J. D.; Wm. Bramer, t>ler; with Captain J. W. T. 
 Gardiner and Col. E. Case, then stationed at Fort 
 SneUuig, as members. 
 
 This is the parent lodge of all the lodges in the 
 vicinity. The above list comprises all the names 
 of Masons then residents of the Territory of 
 Miimesota, from St. Paid to Pembina (exclusive 
 of St. Paul and Stillwater). Of the members. 
 Dr. A. E. Ames had been a member of the Grand 
 Lodge of lUiuois, had also been master of the 
 lodge at Roscoe and Belvidere in lUinois and was 
 fii-st M. W. G. :M. of the Grand Lodge of Minne- 
 sota. Colonel "William Smith, the S. AV., was 
 made a Mason in Maine, and had beea master of 
 his lodge. Isaac Brown, the J. ^X.. was also 
 from Maine; he was a postmaster, and was the 
 first sheriff of Hennepui county. Ard Godfrey, 
 
 treasurer, also hailed from Maine, and had held 
 the same office in the lodge of which he was a 
 member. J. H. Stevens, the secretary, was ini- 
 tiated, passed and raised in a military lodge, U. 
 D., from the Grand Lodge of Tennessee in Feb- 
 ruary. 1848. at the National Bridge in Mexico. 
 The S. D.. D. M. Coolbaugh. was made a Mason 
 in Pennsylvania, and was subsequently the first 
 "W. M. of Hemiepin Lodge. The J. D.. 11. S. 
 Atwood. was made a Mason m Xew Brunswick. 
 He was a brother-in-law of Cahin A. Turtle, one 
 of the pioneers of this county, and died on his farm 
 near Minneapolis a few years ago. The tT."ler, "Wm. 
 Bramer, a man universally respected, subsequently 
 retired to his farm, and died there soon after. Of 
 the members, Col. Case had pre^'iously occupied 
 high positions in the order in the state of iMichi- 
 gan, and was the first Grand Treasurer of the 
 Grand Lodge of ^linnesota. Capt. J. "W. T. 
 Gardiner was a native of Ilallowell, Maine, a 
 graduate of A\'est Point, and was at this time sta- 
 tioned at Fort Snelling as captain of Company 
 B, Second regiment U. S. Dragoons, was subse- 
 quently promoted to major general, and died a 
 few years since. The dispensation gave them the 
 right to meet on high hills or low vales. From 
 Cataract Lodge have sprung all other lodges in 
 Minneapolis. The then Grand Master of the 
 State of Illinois who granted the dispensation to 
 Cataract Lodge, was our fellow-citizen. Judge E. 
 B. Ames. The meetmgs were first held in an old 
 buildmgon Main street north-east, now owned by 
 a Mrs. "White. From there they moved to a 
 building on Main street, known as the King block, 
 which was sidisequently destroyed by fire. The 
 lodge then occupied Rollins' stone building, on 
 Second Avenue, corner of Prince street. The 
 next move was to the hall now occupied, located 
 at numbers 18 and 20 University Avenue. The 
 building was erected by Cataract Lodge, at a cost 
 of S16.000. 
 
 The first election of officers, occiu-red February 
 14th, 1852, with the followuig result: A. E. Ames, 
 W. M.; William Smith, S. W.; Isaac Brown, J. 
 AV.; and J. H. Stevens, secretary. AA'e give a 
 hst of those since elected to the office of AV. M. 
 and secretary, with year of election. The regu- 
 lar elections have taken place in December of 
 each year. December 27th, 1852, A. E. Ames, 
 AV. M.; J. H. Stevens, secretary. '53, Charles
 
 MASONIC SOCIETIES. 
 
 453 
 
 F. Stearns, I. I. Lewis. '54, M. W. Getehell, 
 E. R. Knowlton. '55, M. W. Getehell, II. W. 
 Cummings. '56-7, Henry Reynolds, W. G. Brad- 
 ford. '58, M. W. Getehell, J. B. Gilfillan. '59, 
 
 G. A. Camp, E. S. Brown. '60, R. S. Aklen, S. 
 L. Vawter. '61, C. Woodly. W. F. CahUl. '62, 
 J. B. Gilfillan, ^V. F. Cahill. '63, J. A. Arm- 
 strong, C. Woodly. '64-5, M. W. Getehell, Dan. 
 M. Demmon. '66, E. S. Brown, Solon Arm- 
 strong. "67, J. S. Lane, Solon Armstrong. '68, 
 W. Lochren, Edward Parker. "69, W. Loehren, 
 C. F. Smith. '70-1, Solon Armstrong, C. F. 
 Smith. '72, F. L. Smith. C. F. Smith. 73-4, F. 
 L. Smith, B. A. Moore. '75-6, H. M. Kent, 
 Solon Armstrong. '77, R. W. Cummings, Solon 
 Armstrong. "78-9, J. S. Lane, Solon Armstrong. 
 December 18th, 1880, the officers elected were, 
 W. E. Johnson, W. M.; O. A. Gardner, S. W.; 
 M. P. Hayes, J. W.; and Solon Armstrong, 
 secretary. Regular meetings are held on the 
 first Saturday of each month, at "Masonic Hall," 
 East Division. 
 
 The Grand Lodge of F. & A. M. was organized 
 January 1st, 1855, with three subordinate lodges, 
 namely: St. John's Lodge, No. 1, of Stillwater; 
 Cataract Lodge, No. 2. of St. Anthony Falls; St. 
 Paul's Lodge, No. 3, of St. Paul. The following 
 grand oflieers were duly elected: ^ A. E. Ames, 
 Minneapolis, M. W. G. M.; Aaron Goodrich, St. 
 Paul, R. W. D. G. M.; D. F. Brawley, St. Paul, 
 R. W. S. G. W.; A. Van Vorhees, Stillwater, R. 
 W. J. G. W.; E. Case, St. Paul. R. W. G. T.: J. 
 G. Lennon, St. Anthony, R. W. G. S.; D. W. C. 
 Dunnell, St. Paul, S. G. D.; D. B. Loomis, Still- 
 water, J. G. D.; S. Partridge, Stillwater, G. S. B.; 
 A. T. C. Pierson, St. Paul, G. M.; II. N. Setzer, 
 Stillwater, G. P.; Wm. Chamberlain, St. Anthony, 
 G. C; Lot Moflfat, S. G. S.; C. W. Borup, J. G. 
 S.; Wm. Hartshorn, G. T. The Grand Lodge of 
 Jilinnesota was then opened and the officers duly 
 installed by P. M., A. J. Morgan, when they sev- 
 erally repaired to their stations. Tlie secretary 
 of the convention being superseded by the Grand 
 Secretary elect, the G. M. proclaimed the election 
 of the grand officers, and that the Grand Lodge 
 of Mimiesota M'as duly and legally organized. 
 
 Hennepin Lodge No. 4. This lodge was or- 
 ganized January 21st, 1853, and worlied under 
 the first dispensation granted by the grand lodge 
 of Minnesota. The officers U. D., were: D. M. 
 
 Coolbaugh, W. M.; J. N. Barber, S. W.; E. A. 
 Hodson, J. W.; S. W. Case, secretary; E. Case, 
 treasurer; Edward Murphy, S. D.; Anson Nor- 
 thrup, J. D.; Chesman Gould, tyler. January 
 3d, 1854, this lodge received its charter from the 
 grand lodge. The meetings were held at the house 
 of Anson Northrup, near the brink of the falls, 
 for two years, then in a hall fitted for the pur- 
 pose, over the store of Jackins and Wright, on 
 Bridge Square. After several years removed to a 
 hall in tlie Dayton block. After several changes a 
 hall over Fletcher's store was taken in 1862, where 
 it remained in connection with Minneapolis lodge, 
 until January, 1876. Since then their new Ma- 
 sonic Hall has been occupied. The first officers 
 after charter was granted were the same as first 
 elected, with the exception of tlie office of secre- 
 tary, to which Thomas Chamljers was elected m 
 place of S. W. Case. During subsequent years 
 the offices of W. M. and secretary have been filled 
 by: 1855, E. A. Hodsdon, Charles Hoag; '56, D. 
 M. Coolbaugh, I. I. Lewis ; '57, R. R. Bryant, 
 Geo. W. Chowen ; '58, A. E. Ames, Geo. A. Sa- 
 vory; '59, E. B. Ames, Geo. A. Savory; '60, C. N. 
 Daniels, Geo. A. Savory; '61, A. E. Ames, J. L. 
 Tenney; '62 to '67 inclusive, A. E. Ames, Geo. 
 A. Savory; '68, A. E. Groff, A. H. Linton; '69, 
 G. T. Vail, C. M. Crump ; '70, H. L. Rockey, II. 
 Tannatt; '71, S. T. Moles, H. Tannatt ; "72,11. 
 Barnard, H. Tannatt; '73, A. A. Ames, II. Tan- 
 natt ; '74, H. Barnard, H. Tannatt ; '75, J. Wil- 
 son, C. C. Leland ; '76-7, C. 11. Benton, C. C. 
 Leland ; "78, II. P. Ilungerford, C. C. Leland ; 
 '79, C. H. Benton, W. Gunderson; '80, W. A. 
 Miller, W. Gunderson. The officers for 1881 are: 
 W. A. Miller, W. M.; C. Rothschild, S. W.; C. D. 
 Hammond, J. W.; John Wilson, treasurer; Wil- 
 liam Gunderson, secretary; Ed Martm, S. D.; C. 
 B.Tirrell, J. D.; William Cove, tyler ; D. B. Knick- 
 erbaeker, chaplain. The lodge numliers 215 mem- 
 bers and holds meetings on the second and fourth 
 Wednesday of each month. 
 
 Minneapolis Lodge, No. 19. On the 7th day of 
 January, 1858, the M. W. G. Lodge of Minnesota 
 granted a charter to Joseph Dean, Joel B. Bassett, 
 Frank Beebe, Emanuel Case, R. R. Miles, J. O. 
 Weld, A. F. McSliee, Oliver Davis, and other 
 brethren, Master Masons. On the 23d of Janu- 
 ary, a meeting of the brethren whose names were 
 on the petition to the Grand Lodge for a charter,
 
 454 
 
 mSTOEY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY.. 
 
 was held in the Masonic Hall owTietl by John 
 Jackins, when tliey elected their liist otlicers, and 
 ou January 26th the officers were duly installed 
 by A. T. C. Pierson, M. W. G. M. of :Miiinesota. 
 In 1859 they moved then- lodge to a hall over Men- 
 denhall and Beede's bank ou Fust street, betneen 
 Ileunepin and First Avenue north. In 1862, 
 they moved to a hall over Fletcher's store on 
 Bridge square, which they occupied jointly with 
 Hennepin Lodge, and remained tliere until Janu- 
 ary. 1876, when they moved into their new " Ma- 
 sonic Hall." which they still occupy, holding 
 regidar meetings on first and second Wednesday 
 of each month. The first officers were: Joseph 
 Dean. W. M.; J. B. Bassett, S. "\V.; Franklin 
 Beebe, J. W.; R. K. Miles, secretary. The 
 officers elected December 18th, 1880, were: T. 
 M. Slosson, W. M.; E. E. Smith. S. W.: J. M. 
 "Williams, J. W.; J. H. Thompson. Treasurer; 
 E. Archibald. Secretary. The memliership of 
 this lodge was, at the last election, one hundred 
 and eighty-three. 
 
 Khurun Lodge. Xo. 112, A. F.and A. M. was 
 organized under dispensation granted July 16th, 
 1874, by Charles Griswold, G. M. of Miimesota, 
 to thirty-eight members. The officers, under 
 dispensation were : A. E. Ames, W. :M., Edgar 
 Nash, S. W., D. M. Goodwin, J. W., M. P. 
 Hawkins, secretaiy. Charter granted January 
 13th, 187-5, by Grand Lodge of Minnesota, and 
 lodge constituted Febniary 8th, at Excelsior hall, 
 Mimieapolis. The first officere were : E. M. 
 Wilson, W. M., Edgar Xash. S. W.. D. M. 
 Goodwin, J. W., E. J. Davenport, secretary. Of- 
 ficers for 1880; E. J. Davenport. W. M., C. M. 
 Foote, S. W., Wm. E. Leonard. J. W. 
 
 St. Anthony Falls Chapter Xo. 3, Koyal Arch 
 Masons. This lodge was organized imder the 
 dispensation from Charles Gilmau, General Grand 
 High Priest of the United States, dated January 
 5th, 1858, to R. S. Alden, A. E. Ames, Geo. S. 
 Eaton, M. W. Getchell, D. Greenleaf, D. Heaton, 
 C. E. Hill. Geo. A. Camp and Samuel E. Adams. 
 The first convocation was held January 22d, 
 1858, with R. S. Alden, H. P., A. E. Ames, K., 
 Abijah Blakemau, S., R. R. Bryant, secretary. 
 September 21st. 1859, a charter was issued by the 
 General Grand Chapter. Albert G. Mackey. G. G. 
 H. P. The first officers luider charter were elect- 
 ed October 22d, 1859, as foUows: R. S. Alden, 
 
 11. P.. A. E. Ames, K., M. W. GetcheU, S., D. 
 Greenleaf, secretary. Tlie subsequent years the 
 offices of H. P. and secretary have been filled 
 as follows: 1850, A. E. Ames, E. S. J3rown; Feb- 
 ruary 9th, '61, M. W. Getchell, H. P., June 22d, 
 regular election. E. Patch. E. S. Brown: "62, 
 same re-elected; "63, R. S. Alden, E. S. Brown; 
 •64-5, John I. Black, E. S. Brown; ■66, E. Patch, 
 G. F. Townsend; "67. George A. Camp, O. C. 
 Merriman: "68. R. W. Cummings, M. P. Hayes; 
 '69-70, R. W. Cummuigs, E. S. Brown; '72-"3, 
 William Lochren, R. W. Cummiugs: "74. William 
 Lochren, F. L. Smith; "75, H. M. Kent, 
 Solon Armstrong; "76, F. L. Smith, Solon Arm- 
 sti-ong; "77, W. C. Xoble, Solon Armsti'ong; '78, 
 W. A. Morse, Solon Armstrong: "79, T. G. For- 
 ster, Solon Armstrong. The list of officers 
 for 1880, were: C. H. Benton. H. P.. M. P. 
 Hayes, K., C. W. Weeks, S.. Solon Armstr-ong, 
 secretary: regular convocations on the third Sat- 
 urday of each month, at Masonic Hall, east di- 
 vision. 
 
 St. John's Chapter. Xo. 9. Royal Arch Masons, 
 was orgmrized under dispensation granted Janu- 
 ary 15th, 1866, by C. W. Nash, G. H. P., Minne- 
 sota. Charter dated October 23d, 1866, from 
 Grand Chapter of Mumesota, C. W. Xash, G. H. 
 P. The regular election is held in December. 
 The offices of H. P. and secretary have been occu- 
 pied as follows : "66, A. E. Ames, George A. 
 Savory; "67. W. E. Jones, A. A. Ames; '68, H. 
 L. Rockey, H. F. Batch : "69. E. A. Groff, A. M. 
 Shuey ; "70, H. L. Rockey, E. S. Austin; "71, A. 
 E. Ames, F. L. Churchill ; '72. J. W. Hemiion, H. 
 Tannatt ; '73. J. W. Ilenuion, H. Taimatt ; '74, G. 
 W. Cooley, F. D. Carson; '75, A. A.- Ames, G. 
 W. Cooley ; '76, E. McDermott. C. G. McDuf- 
 fie ; '77, J. H. Xoble. C. C. Leland ; '78, G. B. 
 Cooley, E. McDermott ; '79. G. B. Cooley, E. Mc- 
 Dermott. In 1880 the officers were : G. B. Coo- 
 ley, H. P.; A. H. Salisbury, K.; John Wilson, S. 
 Selah Matthews, Secretarj-. Regular convoca- 
 tions, third Tuesday of each month, at Masonic 
 Hall. Hennepin Avenue. MuuieajioMs. 
 
 Minneapolis Council, Xo. 2. R. and S. M., or- 
 ganized imder dispensation from B. Crabbe, 
 Grand Master of Iowa. May 2th. 1870. and char- 
 tered October 18th, 1870, by the Grand Council 
 of Iowa. The officers under dispensation were : 
 A. E. Ames, T. I. M,; E. S. Alden. D. M.; D. M.
 
 MASONIC SOCIETIES. 
 
 455 
 
 Goodwin, P. C. W.; G. Savory, Eec. The office 
 of T. I. M. under the charter has since been filled 
 by the following persons : '70-1-2-3, D. M. Good- 
 win; "74-5, G. W. Cooley ; '76, E. McDermott; 
 "77, G. B. Cooley ; '78-9, W. A. Spaulding. The 
 officers of 1880 were : I. M. Williams, T. I. M.; 
 William Cheney, R. I. D. M.: C. M. Foote, P. 
 C. W., J. A. Schlener, Rec; T. F. Hurley, Treas. 
 Regular assemblies are held on the third Monday 
 of each month. 
 
 Adoniram Council, No. 5, R. and S. M., Min- 
 neapolis East. Charter was granted Februaiy 
 18th, 1876, by the Grand Council of Minnesota, 
 Georgp W. Cooley, Grand Master, to William 
 Lochren, M. W. C4etchell, F. L. Smith, H. M. 
 Kent, Christopher Greeley, Jonathan Chase, J. W. 
 Hennion, S. N. AVhitney, E. C, Pratt, John Wil- 
 son and R. S. Alden. The council was consti- 
 tuted by George W. Cooley, G. M., March, 27th, 
 1876, at which time the following officers were 
 elected : William Lochren, T. I. M.; U. W. 
 Getchell, D. M.; F. L. Smith, P. C. W.; W. C. 
 Noble, Recorder. The offices T. I. M. and 
 Recorder, have been since filled by the following: 
 '76, W. Lochren, W. C. Noble; "77, F. L. Smith, 
 W. C. Noble.; '78, O. A. Broughton, W. C. No- 
 ble; '79, H. M. Kent, Solon Armstrong. In 1880, 
 the following were elected, C. H. Benton, T. I. 
 M.; W. E. Johnson, I). M.; O. A. Broughton, 
 P. C. W.; Solon Armstrong, Recorder. Regular 
 meetings are held on the second Monday of each 
 month, at Masonic Hall, Minneapolis East. 
 
 Zion Commandery No. 2, Knights Templar, 
 was organized under dispensation granted by 
 B. B. French, Grand blaster. Knights Templar, 
 for the United States, May 19th 1863. The first 
 officers were: A. E. Ames, E. C; J. M. Eustis, 
 G.; H. F. Balch, C. G. Charter was granted 
 September 7th, 1865, by Henry L. Palmer, Grand 
 Master Knights Templar, United States. Com- 
 mandery constituted by A. T. C. Pierson, Sep- 
 tember 25th, 1865, A. E. Ames, E. C; G. A. 
 Savoi7, Rec. Those offices have been filled as 
 follows: "66, A. E. Ames, G. A. Savoiy; "67, R. 
 S. Alden, H. L. Rocky; "68, J. I. Black, A. M. 
 Radcliffe; '69, M. AV. Getchell, H. G. Howe; 
 '70, M. W. Getchell, Paul Fitzgerald; '71, H. L. 
 Rocky, Paul Fitzgerald; '72, D. M. Goodwin, A. 
 L. Scott: '73, A. A. Ames, J. F. Lowe; "74, J. I. 
 Black, H. G. Hicks; '75, J. I. Black, A. L. Scott; 
 
 '76, A. A. Ames, A. L. Scott; '77, E. McDermott, 
 A. L. Scott; '78, E. McDermott, A. L. Scott; 
 "79, J. I. Black, E. McDermott; "80, J. I. Black, 
 E. McDermott. Meetings held at Masonic Hall, 
 second Tuesday of each month. 
 
 Darius Commandery, No. 7, Knights Templar, 
 iSIinneapolis East. Dispensaton was granted by 
 Eminent Sir Knight, George L. Otis, Grand Com- 
 mander of Muuiesota, February 1st, 1871. The 
 first officers under dispensation were, R. S. Al- 
 den, E. C; M. W. Getchell, G.; William Loch- 
 ren, C. G.; E. S. Brown, recorder. Warrant was 
 dated July 28, 1871, from the Grand Commandery 
 of Minnesota, A. E. Ames, Grand Commander; 
 officers, E. C. and recorder elected since date of 
 charter are as follows, '71, R. S. Alden, E. S. 
 Brown;' 72, William Lochren, E. C. Whitney; 
 '73, William Lochren, E. C. Whitney; '74, M. W. 
 Getchell, George F. Townsend. '75, W. C. No- 
 ble. C. F. Smith; "76-7-8, W. C. Noble, Solon 
 Armstrong; "79, H. M. Kent, Solon Armstrong. 
 The officers for 1880, were: F. L. Smith, E. C; 
 T. G. Forster, G.; C. IL Benton, C. G.; Solon 
 Armstrong, recorder. Regular meetings are held 
 first Monday of each month at Masonic Hall, E. 
 D. 
 
 Excelsion Lodge of Perfection, No. 3, was in- 
 stituted under authority granted to A. E. Ames, 
 by S. W. JSIcMasters, deputy of the state of Mui- 
 nesota. Charter was granted June 23, 1873, by 
 A. E. Ames, special deputy. The first officers 
 were; R. S. Alden, G. M.; D. M. Goodwin, S. 
 W.; M. W. Getchell, J. W.; G. B. Cooley, 
 secretary. The officers for 1880, were, D. M. 
 Goodwm, G. M.; J. II. Noble, S. W.; C. II. Ben- 
 ton, J. W.; F. L. Smith, secretary. Lodge meets 
 second Thursday of each month at Masonic 
 Hall. 
 
 St. Vincent de Paul, Chapter of Rose Croix, 
 No. 1. Charter was granted December 13, 1873, 
 from the sovereign Grand Council of the thirty- 
 third degree, by Albert G. Mackey, Sovereign 
 Grand Commander. The charter members were, 
 A. E. Ames, D. B. Knickerbacker, G. L. Chase, 
 D. M. Goodwin, E. B. Ames, Frank Beebe, J. W. 
 Hennion, J. H. Noble, William Lochren, M. W. 
 Getchell, M. P. Hawkins, E. M. Wilson, R. S. Al- 
 den. The officers elected in 1880, were, William 
 Lochren, M. W. M.: R. S. Inness, S. W.; J. H. 
 Thompson, J. W.; F. L. Smith, secretary. Reg-
 
 456 
 
 HISIOBY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 iilar meetings third Tuesday of each month at 
 Masonic Hall. 
 
 ^Minneapolis Consistorj' Xo. 2. thirty-first to 
 and tliirty-second degiees, was constituted April 
 27th, 1880, by G. W. Merrill of St. Paul. The 
 officers are: C. II. Benton, M. of K.: S. E. Adams, 
 prior; J. H. Xoble, preceptor; J. H. Thompson, 
 chancellor; E. McDermott. registrar-. Lodge 
 meets at Masonic Hall, East Di\ision. 
 
 Alfred Elisha Ames Preceptory No. 2, Knights 
 of Kadosh. eighteenth to thirtieth degrees. Char- 
 ter was granted March 20th. 1880. by Albert Pike, 
 and constitued by G. W. MerriU. The officers 
 are: A. E. Iligbee, C. H. Benton. H. G. Hicks; 
 E. McDermott, recorder. The lodge meets on 
 the fourth Thursday of each month at Masonic 
 HaU. 
 
 Minneapolis Chapter, No. 9, Order of the East- 
 em Star, was organized, August 31st, 1874, with 
 forty-six members, one-half of whom were ladies. 
 The O. E. S. is a masonic degree which is con- 
 ferred on the wives and daughters of masons 
 oidy. In addition to the object of other masonic 
 lodges it is intended to bring ladies and gentle- 
 men together socially. The officers for 1874 were: 
 GeorgieP. Jones, worthy matron ; C.^\'. Putnam, 
 worthy patron ; Ellen Putnam, associate matron; 
 Mary A. Goodrich, treasurer ; Sophia P. Mimson, 
 secretarj-. Tlie officera for 1881 are, Kate Cove, 
 W. M.; A. C. Brand, W. P.; Sarah BeU, Patten, 
 secretary ; Cooley. treasurer ; Jacoby, conductor. 
 Stated communications are held the first and 
 third Tuesdays of each month at Masonic Hall, 
 on Heimepin Avenue. 
 
 Harmony Chapter, Xo. 8, Order of the Eastern 
 Star, Minneapolis East. — The organization of this 
 chapter was effected August 29th. 1874. in the 
 hall of Cataract Lodge, Xo. 2, by D. W. Thomp- 
 son, Deputy Grand Patron, and the following 
 officers elected at that time: Sarah B. Arm- 
 strong, AV. M.; "WiUiam Loehi'en, W. P.; Hannah 
 C. Conner, A. M.; OUve C. Davis, Secretarj,-. 
 The officers "W. M. and Secretary have since been 
 as follows: 1874, Sarah B. Armstrong. OUve C. 
 Davis; 187.5, H. F. Conner, O. C.Davis; 1876. O. 
 C. Davis, MaiT S. Getchell ; 1877, Helen Valen- 
 tine, Henrietta Kollett; 1878, Henrietta Bollett, 
 Martha Sibley ; 1879, Harriet Weeks, Flora 
 Moore. The officers elected m 1880 were: Lois 
 Philbrick, "W. M; Solon Armstrong, ^y. P.; Mary 
 
 Pratt, A. M.; Flora Moore, Secretary. Eegular 
 meetings second and fourth Tuesdays of each 
 month at Masonic Hall. East Division. 
 
 St. Anthony and MmueapoUs Typograpliical 
 Union, Xo. 42.— On the evening of August 17th, 
 18-59, eight of the eleven journeymen printers of 
 St. Anthony and Minneapolis met in the office of 
 the "St. Anthony Express" and organized a Prints 
 ers" Union under the name of the " St. Anthony 
 and Minneapolis T\-pographical Union,"' and 
 elected the following board of officere: Daniel 
 L. Pain, president; A. J. Underwood, vice-pres- 
 ident ; H. C. Shaw, financial secretai->-; A. C. 
 Squires, corresponding secretary ; H. W. Ha- 
 ven, recording secretary; J. B. Chaney, treas- 
 lu-er. Immediate application was made for a 
 charter from the National Union, which was 
 promptly granted, bearing date of September 
 10th, 1859. The charter members were D. L. 
 Pam, A. J. Undemood. A. C. Squires. H. C. 
 Shaw. H. ^y. Haven.. I. B. Chaney, Benj. Drake, 
 W. C. Allan, William Harpt, .James Mowatt and 
 H. M. Metcalf . The Union was prosperous, hav- 
 ing at one time on its Ust every journeyman 
 printer withm its jurisdiction. The war of the 
 rebellion practically dissolved the organization, 
 five of its members entering the Union army, 
 viz: H. M. Metcalf, in the Fifth Xew Hamp- 
 shire ; O. S. King, m the First ^linnesota ; A. 
 J. Underwood, C. W. T. Widstrand and J. B. 
 Chaney, in the Second Company Minnesota Sharp 
 Shooters, afterwards Company L, First Minne- 
 sota. Of these five, two are dead— Metcalf killed . 
 in battle, and King died of consumption m Min- 
 neapolis a year or two smce. The other members 
 are still -working at the prmting business in dif- 
 ferent capacities. The charter and seal are still 
 m the hands of the last President. J. B. Chaney. 
 
 Mmneapolis Typographical Union, X'o. 42. 
 The Minneapolis Typographical Union is a branch 
 of the International Typographical Union of 
 Xorth America, whose numbere now reach nearly 
 two hundred. Xo. 42 formerly belonged St. An- 
 thony Union, organized m 1859. which was dis- 
 banded in 1S62. by most of its members enlisting 
 in the union army. The Minneapolis Union was 
 organized in December, 1872. the preliminary 
 meetings being held in the Tribune and Evening 
 X'ews rooms. The fii-st officers elected were : Ja- 
 cob Dreher, president ; WiUiam H. Hughes, treas-
 
 MINNEAPOLIS TURN VEBEIN. 
 
 4.57 
 
 uier; William W. Lyon, vice-president; George 
 McDonald, recording and corresponding secretary; 
 Goddard Park, financial secretary ; J. H. Perry, 
 sergeant at arms ; and a board of five directors. 
 Its object is to cherish, protect and promulgate 
 the interests and rights of the Union, to abolish 
 injurious privileges, and Ijring under the con- 
 straint of wholesome duty all its members. The 
 organization was supported by nonunal dues only, 
 and the sick or distressed memliers received Ijen- 
 efits, and all deceased members should have a Ini- 
 mane and Christian burial. The society has 
 buried three of its members since its organiza- 
 tion, two lying in " Lakewood," and one sent East 
 to friends. A burial lot has been purchased in 
 the above cemetery, and steps taken for the erec- 
 tion of a suitable monument thereon. The of- 
 ficers elected in January last for the year 1881 are: 
 John McDonald, president ; E. O'Brien, vice- 
 president ; J. T. JSIannix, recording and corres- 
 ponding secretary ; Charles S. Moore financial 
 secretary ; C. B. C. Doherty, treasurer ; 
 George S. Cyphers sergeant at arms ; executive 
 board, John McDonald, W. A. Allen, T. A. 
 Clark, J. B. Meacham. The society is flourish- 
 ing, new members being added at every meeting. 
 Meetings are held the first Sunday in every month. 
 This day is selected to accommodate the morning 
 newspaper printers. 
 
 Minneapolis Turn Verein. This society was 
 organized in April, 1862, with twenty-five mem- 
 bers, who elected Adam Kegel president, Mathias 
 Rothaker vice-president, N. Eossbach recording 
 secretary, John Wall corresponding secretary, 
 Albert Lieber financial secretary, John Foster 
 treasurer, Rudolph Lieber term teacher, Lamb. 
 Hays assistant term teacher, GerliardtBoemchen 
 warden. The first money invested was one hun- 
 dred and fifty dollars. The first building for 
 turning exercises was erected on First street, be- 
 tween Third and Fourth Avenues north, on a 
 leased lot, at a cost of about SI, 500. In a short 
 time the society increased, and at present has a 
 membership of 107. In October, 1878, the hall 
 was destro.ved by fire. After the fire the society 
 rented a hall in Dr. Evans' block, for temporary 
 occupancy, to avoid any interruption in the gym- 
 nastic exercises. In 1877, the society secured the 
 services of Mr. Adler, a regularly educated term 
 teacher, who remained with them nine months, 
 
 when he resigned his position in favor of Charles 
 O. Lampe, a gentleman who graduated from the 
 
 seminary at Milwaukee. In -luly, 1879, the soci- 
 ety bought a lot on Washington Avenue, corner 
 of Fifth Avenue north, and erected a hall at a 
 cost of *24,000. This hall is fitted up in first- 
 class style, with all necessary improvements in 
 machinery and requirements of a firsl^class gym- 
 nasium. At present the teacher and his assist- 
 ants instruct about one hundred and fifty child- 
 ren in gymnastics, besides the exercises the mem- 
 bers of the society have nnder his direction and 
 guidance. 
 
 The objects of the society are as follows: ''We, 
 the Turners of the United States of America, 
 through this union, under the name of the N. 
 A. T. U., have in view the mutual encourage- 
 ment of each other in the education of thorough- 
 ly cultured men, intellectually and bodily. 
 
 "We recognize in the diffusion of knowledge 
 and the fostering of morals, tlie only means for 
 a thorough reform in the social, political and re- 
 ligious life. We advocate and strive after the 
 development of a popular go\-ernment on a genu- 
 ine humane and popular basis. Every .attempt 
 at a restriction of religious toleration, as well as 
 all abridgments of human rights, which oppose 
 perfection and building up of our liberal institu- 
 tions, will on this account be firmly resisted by 
 us." The Union, of which this society is a branch, 
 nimibers now* about 15,000 members in the I'nited 
 States. The present officers are: John Forler, 
 president; Henry Hauschild, vice-president; Gott- 
 fried Bachner, recording secretary; Jacob Staff, 
 corresponding secretary; Herman Westphal, fi- 
 nancial secretary; Edward Bernstein, treasm-er; 
 Charles O. Lampe, teacher; John II. Roth, first 
 assistant teacher; William Monasch, second as- 
 sistant teacher; D. Lesskojus, warden and janitor. 
 
 Sunday Science Club, organized Octolter, 1880, 
 by an association of students interested in sci- 
 ence, to consider topics of natural and social sci- 
 ence. They meet every Sunday afternoon from 
 two, to four; the first hour is devoted to topics of 
 natural science, and the second hour to social sci- 
 ence. During the sxmimer season they expect to 
 do some field work in botany, geology, etc. Pres- 
 ent officers, C. H. Du Bois, president; A. M. 
 Greeley, vice-president; T. S. Curtis, secretary, 
 V. Truesdale, treasurer.
 
 4S8 
 
 HISTORY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 Liirliue Boat Club of Minneapolis, organized 
 and incorporated July Otli. 1877. The present of- 
 ficers are. L. E. Harrison, president; J. Kennedy, 
 vice-president: AV. W. Ross, secretaiy; Ed. B 
 Clement, treasurer; A. J. Levering, captain; M" 
 II. Eddy, coxswain; tlirectors. A. J. Levering. W. 
 E. Burwell, A. A. Pond: L. E. Harrison, ten- 
 dered his resignation December 1, 1880, which 
 was accepted, and George Webster, elected to the 
 vacancy. The club numbers forty membei-s. and 
 is in a flourishing condition, financially and oth- 
 erwise. Their boat-house is located on the east 
 side of Lake Calhoun. 
 
 Minneaixilis Drivmg Park Asssociation. This 
 association was organized in March, 1880. It 
 numbers one hundred members, and is in a pros- 
 perous condition. The treasurer has at this date 
 about live hundred dollars m the treasurj-. It is 
 the intention of the association to make arrange- 
 ments with the owners of the fair ground 
 track to continue the use of the same for the en- 
 suing year. The present oflBcers are, F. C. Pills- 
 bury, president; J. L. Cadwell, vice-president. J. 
 C. Oswald, treasurer; S. B. Lovejo> . secretary; 
 executive committee; J. C. Oswald, G. L. Cad- 
 well. S. B. Lovejoy. F. C. PlllsV)Hry. R. F. Jones. 
 AVilliam Ensign. 
 
 The Union A'eteran Association of Hennepin 
 county was organized June, 2-lth, 1880, pursuant 
 to arrangements made at Grand Army lot. Lay- 
 men cemetery on Decoration day. in 1880. 
 About seventy-five comrades took part in the or- 
 ganization. Meetings held second Tuesday of 
 each month. Firet oflicers were: Col. R. C. Benton, 
 president : John P. Rea. first vice-president ; H. 
 G. Hicks, second vice-president ; W. P. Roberts, 
 secretary: C. A. Clauson, treasurer. Meetings 
 held regularly until January. 1881. when it was 
 unanimously resolved to organize the association 
 into a post (irand Arm\- of the Republic, and the 
 result was (ieorge N. ^Morgan Post No. 4. Or- 
 ganized January 18th. 1881. by Adam Maity. dep- 
 puty commander, with forty-five membei's. The 
 first officers were: John P. Rea, commander; 
 David M. Gilmore. senior vice-commander: Pres- 
 ton Cooper, junior vice-commander; William P. 
 Roberts, adjutant; Charles A. Clauson. quarter- 
 master ; Peter P. Swensou. otticer of the day ; E. 
 C. Babb, chaplaui : Alfred F. Foster, otticer of 
 the guard ; C. B. Tirrill, sergeant major ; Lewis 
 
 Maish, quartermaster's sergeant. Meetings held 
 on the second and fourth Tuesday of each month. 
 
 The Bar Association of Hennepin County, 
 was organized in 1872. The object of this asso- 
 ciation is to foster courtesy and unity of senti- 
 ment among its members; to raise the Bar of the 
 county to the highest plane of etliciency and 
 honor, and to further all projects tending to im- 
 prove the law, and the practice of it. Any mem- 
 ber of the bar of this county in good standing, 
 may become a member of this association by pay- 
 ing an annual fee of two dollars, and subscribing 
 to its articles of association. Officers. Judge A. 
 H. Young, president ; C. H. Woods, secretarj'; 
 Thomas Lowry, treasurer. The officers of the 
 association form an executive committee, who 
 may call meetings of the association when- 
 ever they deem it necessary. This association is 
 composed of twenty-two of the leading lawyers of 
 the city. The last meeting of the association 
 was held at the office, of Shaw. Levi and Cray, 
 Januarj' 6th, 1881, at which time some important 
 business connected with the Bar was transacted. 
 Tlie present ofiicers are J. M. Shaw, president; 
 C. M. Woods, secretary ; Thomas Lowiy, treas- 
 urer. 
 
 The Junior Bar Association, organized Decem- 
 ber 8th, 1879, with M. P. Koon. president ; C. G. 
 Park, \'ice-president ; John F. Byers, secretary, 
 A. B. Ovitt, treasurer. This association was or- 
 ganized for the purpose of mutual improvement. 
 The design was to have lectiues by able lawyers, 
 and papers and discussions by members of the as- 
 sociation. They have had some very interesting 
 meetings, which have resulted in much benefit 
 to its twenty members. The officers of 1879 still 
 hold ottice. 
 
 The Historical and Old Settler's Association 
 of MinneapoUs, was organized January 8th. 1867. 
 The first meeting of the association was held at 
 the ottice of Judge Atwater to perfect their or- 
 ganization, and the election of the following offi- 
 cers: A. E. Ames, M. D., president; Allen Har- 
 mon and John RoUins, vice-presidents; Edwin 
 lledderly. treasurer; B. B. Meeker, secretary. 
 The following gentlemen were appointed com- 
 mittee on by-laws: Isaac Atwater, J. B. Bassett, 
 Ed\\-ard Murphy. James II. Canney, R. W. Cum- 
 mings, A. B. Foster. Object : For the purpose 
 of preserving in soimd authentic form the early
 
 HUMANE SOCIETIES. 
 
 459 
 
 incidents and events connected with our settle- 
 ment, as well as for the purpose of preserving 
 friendships early formed and being cherished. 
 It now lias a membership of aliout two hundred 
 and fifty. Its present officers are Col. Jolni II. 
 Stevens, president; Caleb Dorr, vice-president; 
 R. P. Russell, treasurer; John G. Lennon, sec- 
 retary. 
 
 The Frohsinn Singing Society of Minneapolis 
 was organized August 15th, 1879. The present 
 ofBcers are: Henry Ilauschild, president; Will- 
 iam Grotjen, vice-president; Joseph Ranch, 
 treasurer ; Peter Weinand, secretary. Music 
 Committee — Charles Fust, William Grotjen and 
 Ferdinand Haase. 
 
 Miameapolis Bycycle Club. — This club was or- 
 ganized in March, 1880, and the following officers 
 duly elected: C. H. Hathaway, president, C. J. 
 Brown, secretary and treasurer; E. B. Clement, 
 captain. It has at present twelve active mem- 
 bers. Object — physical training. It is in a flour- 
 ishing condition, financially and socially. 
 
 The ^linneapolis Art Association. --This asso- 
 ciation was organized in the spring of 1881, the 
 organizing committee consisting of Professor R. 
 W. Laing, J. R. Wilson, Rev. T. M. Riley, C. H. 
 Du Bois, Mrs. Dr. Murray and iliss Robson. 
 The scope and object of the association are very 
 well expressed in the following: The plan of the 
 organization contemplates the securing of suita- 
 ble rooms and appointments, the formation of an 
 art library, the collection of works of art, course 
 of lectures, the organization of art classes, stated 
 exhibitions of works of art, including loan ex- 
 hibits from Miimeapolis and other cities, and such 
 other means of aesthetic and general culture, as 
 lies within the province of similar associations. 
 Its officers are as follows: W. S. Ilinkle, presi- 
 dent; G. B. Kirkbride, vice-president; J. K. Wil- 
 son, secretary; E. II. Moidton, treasurer. The 
 association starts off with over one hundred 
 members, and with excellent prospects for the 
 future. 
 
 Harmonia. A German society, organized Feb- 
 ruary 9th, 1861, for the purpose of cultivating 
 singing, art, and education in general. The fol- 
 lowing were the offlcei-s elected at the time of its 
 organization: Alois Knoblaucli, president; Fred 
 Guesmer, vice-president ; Ileinrich Rippe, secre- 
 tary ; Cornelius Frederich, treasurer. The Har- 
 
 monia Society is in a very prosperous condition, 
 the records showing a memliership of one hun- 
 dred and ninety-five. They have an excel- 
 lent male-choir of thirty-two, and a mixed choir 
 of seventy-two members. They also liave tlieat- 
 ricals, where much artistic skill is displayed. The 
 present officers are : Peter Rauen, president ; 
 John D. Myer, vice-president ; Louis Cressler, 
 recording secretary ; C. C. Schultz, financial sec- 
 retary ; Alois Knoblauch, treasurer 
 
 Minneapolis Moral and Humane Society. This 
 society was organized XovemI)er 2oth, 1879. Its 
 object shall be to aid in educating the children 
 and youth of Minneapolis to be honest, moral 
 and humane, both to human beings and to ani- 
 mals. Section three provides that there shall be 
 nothing in its management to interfere with its 
 receiving the full support of all good persons of 
 all parties and churclies whatsoever. Original 
 otticers : president. Rev. E. S. Williams ; vice- 
 presidents, J. S. Pillsbury, A. C. Rand, General 
 I. V. C. Reeve, Prof. W. W. Folwell, Major W. 
 Lyman, Prof. O. V. Tousley, J. H. Tattle, D. D., 
 Rev. T. M. Riley, G. A. Brackett, Thomas Low- 
 ry, D. C. Bell, A. B. Ovitt, William Burwell, Miss 
 Ella Lindley ; secretary, Mrs. John Douglass. 
 The duties of the office have from the first been 
 discharged by Miss Abby A. Judson, who is the 
 present secretary. The treasurer was Mrs. Paris 
 Gibson. The meetings are held the first Tuesday 
 of each month, at Miss Judson 's school-room, 411 
 Nicollet Avenue. Present officers are : Rev. Dr. 
 J. H. Tuttle, president ; Rev. T. M. Riley, vice- 
 president; Abby A. Judson, secretary; Mrs. 
 Cummuigs, treasurer. 
 
 Anti-Cruelty Society. This, called the >Iin- 
 neapolis brancli of jMiiuiesota Anti-Cruelty So- 
 ciety for the prevention of cruelty to animals, 
 was organized in January, 1878; first president, 
 Rev. D. B. Knickerbacker, 1). D., who has con- 
 tinued its president ever since. First vice-presi- 
 dents, O. V. Tousley, George A. Brackett, J. H. 
 Clark; treasurer, W. H. Chamberlain; secretary 
 and attorney, Albert B. Ovitt. Its object is to 
 provide eifective means for the prevention of cru- 
 elty to animals within its jurisdiction, especially 
 in the city of Minneapolis. Its annual meeting 
 occurs on the second Tuesday in January of each 
 year. 
 
 Cottage Hospital. This excellent institution
 
 460 
 
 BISTORT OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 was founded by the Brotherhood of Gethsemane. 
 and opened for the reception of patients in 
 ilarc-h, 1871, in rented building, corner of Wash- 
 ington Avenue and Xinth Avenue north. About 
 five liundred dollai-s was secured for furnishing 
 the building, from citizens of Minneapolis, ila- 
 sons and Odd Fellows contributed liberally to- 
 wards it. In March, 1874, a house and lot, corner 
 of Xuith Avenue south and Sixth street was 
 purchased of Governor C. C. Washburn, at 
 a cost of six thousand five hundred dollars. 
 ;Money being contributed by the citizens of Min- 
 neapolis, and secured on the solicitations of D. 
 B. Knickerbacker D. D.. superintendent. In 
 1879-80. two additional lots were purchased ad- 
 joining its site, at a cost of $2,100. money con- 
 tributed as before. The whole number of pati- 
 ents received February 1st, 1881, is 1,102, of 
 which about one third have been charity or free 
 patients, one quarter private patients, the re- 
 mainder, city and county. As yet, the Hospital 
 has no endowment. It is hoped that by liberal 
 donations or legacies of wealthy citizens of Min- 
 neapolis, it may Ijecome a free hospital. Rev. D- 
 
 B. Knickerbacker D. D.. founder and superinten- 
 dent: sister Annette, matron. 
 
 Young Men's Christian Association. This asso- 
 ciation was organized July 11, 1866, with the fol- 
 lowing officers: David C. Bell, president : Hon. 
 
 C. E. ^'auderburgh. vice-president : A. W. AVil- 
 liamson second vice-president : J. A. Wolverton, 
 corresponding secretary: C. J. Johnson, recording 
 secretary: CD. Da\idson. treasurer. The rooms 
 first occupied were situated between First street 
 and the Suspension bridge. Several other places 
 were occupied from time to time, until 1877, 
 when the association leased part of the Market 
 building for a term of ten years, and fitted it up 
 with a hall capable of seating 1.100 persons, 
 and a parlor used as a lecture room, a reading 
 room, and a gymnasium. They also have a room 
 that they rent to the W. C. T. U., in which they 
 hold meetings. In September. 1877, they gave up 
 the use of the hall in the Market house. recei\-ing 
 the balance of the room free for so doing. Upon 
 their tables for ft-ee reading can be found about 
 sixty periodicals, and readers are found for all of 
 them. A membership fee of two dollars per year 
 entitles one to the use of the gymnasium, wliich 
 is Uberally patronized. The rooms are open every 
 
 week day from 8 a. ji. to 9 p. m. The secretaries 
 office is in the buUding, where he can be foimd 
 during open houre, ready to give any information 
 requh-ed by the needy or curious. The member- 
 ship in 1878 was 149. Finding themselves weak 
 financially they concluded not to engage a secretar> 
 for that year. From having no one to particular- 
 ly look after the affairs of the association, it de- 
 clined to about nineti.'. J. C. Huntington was 
 elected secretary December 1st, 1879. Since then 
 the membership has increased and February loth, 
 1881, they had about three hundred members. 
 The present officers are: George Blake, presi- 
 dent ; G. B. Bradbury aud D. D. Whitney, \-ice- 
 presidents; G.R. Lyman, treasurer; W A. Ram- 
 sey, recording secretary ; J. C. Huntington, 
 general secretary. Regular meetings of the board 
 the second Monday of each month. 
 
 Minneapolis Free Dispensary. This institu- 
 tion was founded in 1878. by Hon. C. A. PiUs- 
 buiy. George A. Brackett, C. M. Loring, A. B. 
 Barton, E. S. Jones. Its object is to treat with- 
 out charge any of the deseiTing poor who may 
 apply. It is located at Xo. 208 Second street 
 south. The buildings are owned and held in 
 trust by the present board of directors. The in- 
 stitution is chartered. It has ti'eated nearly 
 3,000 patients since its organization. During the 
 year ending December 31st, 1880, 1,292, patients 
 were treated. It is open "from 1 to 2 p. 3i. each 
 day, Sundays excepted. A couple of competent 
 physicians and surgeons are in attendance. It 
 has been supported almost entirely by the liberal- 
 ity of a few of the directors. Some funds, medi- 
 cine and clothing have been furnished by drug- 
 gists and others. Contributions may be handed 
 to the treasurer. E. S. Jones, which will be prop- 
 erly applied. The present officers are: George A. 
 Pillsbury, president; F. S. Hinkle, secretary; E. 
 S. Jones, treasurer: directors — C. il. Lormg. A. 
 M. Keith, (i. A. Brackett. C. A. Pillsbury. 
 
 The AVoman"s Christian Association. This as- 
 sociation was organized in 1868 for the relief of 
 the poor and distressed. Its officei-s are: Mrs. C. 
 G. Goodrich, president: Mrs. A. C. Morgan and 
 Mrs. Dr. LiniUey, vice-presidents; Mrs. J. B. 
 Hanson, recording secretary: Mrs. A. C. Morgan, 
 corresponding secretary: Mrs. S. F. Hauce. treas- 
 urer. Report of the finance committee for the 
 ■ year 1880: received from Free Baptist church.
 
 TEIIPHRANCE SOCIETIES. 
 
 461 
 
 $23.30; First Presbyterian, 56.75; Plymouth Con- 
 gegational, §195.52; First Baptist church, §90.50; 
 AVestminster, ?;93.50; Centenar\- Methodist, !f98.- 
 93; Friends, $10.95; Seventh Street Metliodist, 
 $9.00; Second Congregational, $22.80; Franklin 
 Avenue Methodist, §8.77; excursion to Lal<:e Park, 
 $76.58; concert for Industrial school, .|14(i.00; 
 Thanksgiving collection, $77.25; miscellaneous 
 contributions, $169.35. Total, $1,023.20. Dis- • 
 bursements: visitors' salary, $600; for benev- 
 olent pm'poses, $103.31; expense of Gospel meet- 
 ings, |5. 92; paid treasurer of home, 136.12; ward- 
 robe for visitors' use, $7.87; for musical instruc- 
 tion for Industrial school, $12.00; for organ. $97.- 
 00. Balance, $160.98. Total, $1,023.20. 
 
 The Woman's Home is connected with the 
 AVoman's Christian Association, and is a branch 
 of the work. It was organized in 1875. Its par- 
 ticular object is to furnish board at low rates, to 
 working girls hi want of such a home. It is called 
 the woman's boarding-house, and gives them the 
 advantages of a good home, which they could not 
 otherwise obtain ; also furnishing temporary lodg- 
 ings and meals for those who are unable to pay 
 for them, and thus keeping them from begging. 
 During the past year they have given about 
 twenty-seven weeks board without compensation. 
 Board ranges from two to five dollars per week, 
 depending on the size and location of the room. 
 The table advantages are the same to all. The 
 new building cost $12,000. and is paid for in full. 
 It is located at No. 409 Sixth street south, has 
 accommodations for thirty boarders, and is in 
 charge of a matron. Its present officers are : 
 Mrs. A. F. Hale, president ; Mrs. Charles Gove, 
 vice-president ; Mrs. E. V. White; secretary ; 
 Mrs. E. S. Jones, treasurer ; reception committee. 
 Mrs. Dr. Lindley, Mrs. W. M. Harrison, Mrs. A. F. 
 Hale; purchasuig committee, Mrs. Levi Butler, 
 N. M. Harris. 
 
 The industrial school. This is another branch of 
 the work of the Woman's Christian Association. 
 It was conducted Saturday afternoons during tlie 
 ■winter, and is designed to teach the children of 
 the poor to sew, presenting them with the gar- 
 ments after they are made up. One liundred and 
 twenty-seven children were taught during the 
 past year. Average attendance of teachers, 
 twelve. Average scholars, forty. Superintendent, 
 secretary and treasurer, Miss E. Taylor and Miss 
 
 Emily J. Gray. There is another department of 
 the Woman's Christian Association, viz., the vis- 
 iting of the poor and relieving them by small do- 
 nations of money, but cliiefly by donations of 
 clothing. The lady visitor. Miss Emily J. Gray, 
 is hired by tlie association, and gives her entire 
 services to the work. During tlie year past she 
 has made 672 visits, and received 827. Families 
 visited, 170. Articles of clothing received, 2,531. 
 Articles of clothing distributed, 2,000. Articles 
 of liedding received, seventy-three. Articles of 
 bedding distributed, sixty-one. Families assisted 
 with groceries, provisions, and fuel, sixty-nine. 
 Families assisted by rent and loans, fifteen. Per- 
 sons assisted by furnishing work, tvventy. Num- 
 ber of books received, sixty. Number of books 
 lent, fifty-six; given away, eight. Number of 
 papers, tracts, and periodicals given away, 1,415. 
 Number of meetings held, seventy. 
 
 The Catholic Orphan Asylum for boys only. 
 Third .street and Sixth Avenue north. This is a 
 diocesan institution under the charge of the Sis- 
 ters of St. Josepli, eight of whom have forty-two 
 orphans boys in their care. Tlie asylum for girls 
 is located at St. Paul. The asylum is supported 
 by annual collections ipade at Easter, and by vol- 
 untary contributions. The managers are a cor- 
 poration of which the Bishop of St. Paul is pres- 
 ident, and is composed of six laymen and four 
 priests. Children are given for adoption to those 
 only who are of excellent character and have no 
 children. The larger boys are sent to tlie indus- 
 trial school at Clontarf . Swift county. 
 
 Minneapolis Temperance Reform Club. This 
 society was organized in June, 1877, and is the 
 result of a temperance revival held in Market 
 hall by Thomas N. Doutney, of Burlington, Ver- 
 mont, assisted by W. W. Satterlee and other local 
 workers. A. H. Young was elected the first 
 president of the club. It is the largest organiza- 
 tion of the kind in tlie north-west, has about 
 four Ihousand members, and holds two or three 
 meetings each week. The principal officers are, 
 G. L. llobmson, president; L. Roberts, secretary; 
 AV. ^V. Satterlee, chaplain. 
 
 St. Anthony Lodge, No. 1, I. O. (i. T. Lodge 
 was organized, October 8th, 1859, by Dr. John 
 Quegley, one of the pioneer temperance workers 
 of the state. It was located in St. Anthony, and 
 remained there until 1879, when it was suspended
 
 462 
 
 HISTOBT OF HENKEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 for a brief period, and reinstated by J. C. Irving, 
 in the west division. The principal officers are, 
 M. P. Satterlee, W. C. T.: Florence Stedman, 
 W. A'. T.: E. Witdiie, "W. S.; Silas iloffitt, L. 
 D. The lodge meets everj- Saturday evening at 
 Hush's hall. 
 
 Minne-lia-ha Lodge. Xo. H. I. (). (J. T. This 
 lodge organized vnth thirty charter members, 
 only two of whom, S. T. Ferguson and C. W. 
 Clark, are now membere. At one time after the 
 war. the lodge liad four hundred membere in 
 good standing, and now has about foiu" thousand. 
 The first principal officers were, C. W. Clark, W. 
 C. T.: Mrs. L. M. Chapman. W. Y. T.; J. A. 
 AVilliams. secretary; Mi?s Lucy Adair, treasurer; 
 F. H. Hill, mai-shal. 
 
 Father Matthew Total Abstinence Society, Im- 
 maculate Conception Parisli. Minneapolis, organ- 
 ized in 1860, witb fomteen charter membere. 
 The first officers were : Morris Gleason, presi- 
 dent ; John Kennedy, secretary ; Stephen Mc- 
 Bride, treasurer. The average number of mem- 
 bere per year on the roU for six years is 122 ; 
 mmiber who took the pledge and joined m six 
 yeare. 243: the members in good standing now 
 number seventy. The present officers are: A. 
 B. Page, president ; J. B. Dohertj', vice-presi- 
 dent : James Burns, recording secretary; P. IL 
 Prendergast. treasurer. 
 
 Women's Christian Temperance Union was 
 organized April 11th, 1877. The first officers 
 were: Mrs. T. B. "SValker, president ; Mrs. C. M. 
 Boardman. secretary: Mrs. O. S. Griffith, treas- 
 lU'er. The present officei-s are : Mrs. R. H. 
 Tripp, president: Mre. O. J. Grittith, correspond- 
 ing secretary ; Miss A. M. Henderson, recording 
 secretary; Mrs. H. T. Molfitt, treasurer. 
 
 Ladies'' Hebrew Benevolent Society was organ- 
 ized for charitaltle purposes ui April. 1877. Pres- 
 ent officei-s : ^Irs. Mary 'Wertli. president; Mrs. 
 M. Wilks, secretary; Mrs. C. SkoU, treasurer. 
 This society is in good financial condition, and is 
 doing a good work among the poor of all denom- 
 mations. 
 
 The Mimiesota Temperance and Proliibition 
 Alliance was formed for the purpose of bringing 
 the temperance cause into shape politically, and 
 was incorporated April 1, ISSO. The offlcere to 
 be chosen annually, and meetings to be held in 
 February of each year. The officers are: :Miner 
 
 Ball, president; M. T. Anderson, secretary; Silas 
 Mofiitt, treasurer. Directors — J. JL Durnam, 
 R. P. Lupton, A. AVilley, C. J. West. G. AV. Green, 
 W. W. Slocum. J. C. Child, J. E. Stewart, J. C. 
 Stearns. AV. H. Knowles. 
 
 Brotherhood of Gethsemane was organized 
 February, 1869, with the foUowuig officers : Rev. 
 D. B. KnickerV)acker. I). I)., president ; A. E. 
 Ames. M. D.. \ice-president ; W. H. Chamber- 
 lain, treasurer: S. B. Cowdry. secretary. Tlie 
 object of this organization is to promote cliurch 
 work among the laymen of Gethsemane parish, 
 by means of an effort that shall conduce to mu- 
 tual sympathetic improvement, and to systema- 
 tise work of mercy to the bodies and souls of all 
 who need its ministrations. Each member signs 
 the following declaration: "I desire to engage in 
 chiurch work in union with the Brotherhood of 
 the Church of tiethsemane. and I agree to per- 
 form to the best of my abiUty, the duties which 
 may be assigned to me in accordance with its 
 provisions." Present officers: D. B. Knicker- 
 backer. D. D.. president: O. T. Tuttle. vice- 
 president: F. B. Dodge, secretary: 'W. II. Cham- 
 berlain, treasurer. Board of managers. Dr. W. 
 D. Lawrence, S. A. Mareh. J. A. Thompson. 
 The Brotherhood of Gethsemane owns the fol- 
 lowing property: Cottage hospital, value including 
 furniture, etc., S13.(I0(): St. Andrew's chapel, 
 $2,000: Grace chapel. $1,000: Minnetonka chapel, 
 ?1,000: Oak Grove chapel, 11.000; lots, SIOO. 
 
 Ladies Missionary and Parish Aid Society or- 
 ganized in 18.57. President. Mre. M. B. Harvey; 
 secretary and treasurer. Miss Mary F. Abraham. 
 It has been in active operation ever since, and 
 has done much good work for the parish of Geth- 
 semane, havmg raised on an average aljout three 
 hundred dollars a year for parochial and mission- 
 ary work. President. Mre. A. B. Coe: secretary 
 and treasiurer. Mary T. Abraham. 
 
 Young Ladies Association organized in 1870, 
 and has been a useful auxilliary in the work of 
 Gethsemane church. Otticers— iliss Kate Len- 
 non, president: Miss Etta Thompson, secretary 
 and treasurer. 
 
 Irving Club. Yoimg Peoples Association,which 
 existed several yeare. for the promotion of Uterary 
 pursuits, was merged in the whiter of 18S0-1, into 
 the Irsing Club, an active association ha\lng the 
 same object in view.
 
 CHURCH ORGANIZATIONS. 
 
 463 
 
 CHAPTER LXXir. 
 
 CHURCHES. 
 
 Aside from their distinctive influence as God's 
 instruments for the salvation of men, cluirches 
 liave a conservative influence on society tliat is 
 felt even by those who never pass their tlu'esh- 
 olds. 
 
 The foreign element which constitutes so large 
 a proportion of the population of the north-west, 
 impregnates society with the usages of the old 
 world. Foreigners, who come here to enjoy the 
 advantages of our institutions, seem to forget that 
 insofar as their old country practices are substi- 
 tuted for those of the country of their adoption, 
 just so far, it becomes like what was left behind 
 and their investments here as well as their pros- 
 pects are diminished in value. 
 
 Doubtless the puritan estimate of the Sabbath, 
 which lias already become unpopular even in 
 New England, will become more and more 
 obsolete, and can never find harborage in the so- 
 ciety of the north-west, still the time must come 
 when a respectful observance of the Sabbath will 
 be considered the only respectable usage. 
 
 The mfluence, which must bring about this re- 
 sult and operate as the conservator of society 
 against the coiuiter-influence of increasing for- 
 eign population, must come from the great con- 
 servator, the church. Tlie church must restrain 
 Sabbath-breaking, driuikenness, licentiousness 
 and all the array of vices, not alone by converting 
 men, as the term is commonly iniderstod, but by 
 controlling public opinion and making all irregu- 
 larities of life disreputable. The Bible is always 
 in the vanguard of civilization and homes cannot 
 exist without churches. The external church is a 
 religious organization, and its indicator the 
 chmch edifice, are each respected by all, and, 
 though the latter is often a means of display, or 
 the result of a superstition that did not die with 
 the temporal power of the pope, viz: that munifi- 
 cent gifts buy indulgence for sin, still they are 
 usually the outgrowth of deep religious sentiment. 
 Such we may charitably believe influenced the 
 establishment of all forms of Christian religion 
 
 here represented; witness the missionary strug- 
 gles by which the territory was first pre-empted 
 for the cross and the self-sacrificing labors of the 
 pioneers, to build and sustain them in their in- 
 fancy. The names I'ond, Riggs, Williamson, 
 Fathers (ialtier and Raveaux, and many others 
 are immortal. The feeble beginnings have long 
 since given place to sti-ong organizations and the 
 field, first occupied by one church, is shared 
 by many. Mumeapolis has to-day sixty 
 churches, representing nearly all the denomina- 
 tions which accept the Bible as their basis of faith. 
 The ^ilethodists are represented by eleven, the 
 Baptists and Eiiiscopalians each by eight, the 
 Scandinavian Lutheran by seven, the Catholics 
 by six, the Presbyterians by five, the Congrega- 
 tionalists b'y four, the Evangelical Association 
 and the German Lutheran each by two, the Ad- 
 ventists. Friends, Hebrews and Universalists 
 each by one. Many of these churches have houses 
 of worship that are models of architecture and 
 internal finish. The Cliurch of the Redeemer 
 stands foremost, and is a witnes of the generosity 
 of its founders; the Plymouth, St. Marks and 
 Immaculate Conception are important features of 
 the city. Several in process of construction by 
 societies, that have outgrown in numbers and 
 wealth, tlieir more modest quarters, will rival 
 those now in existence. The Westmenster on 
 Nicollet Avenue, and the Hennepin Avenue 
 Tabernacle exhibit already, evidence of their fu- 
 tiu'e stiiteliness. 
 
 CATHOLIC ClirRCHES. 
 
 In 1838, St. Anthony was included in the Dio- 
 cese of Archbishop Ilenni, of Milwaukee, and 
 under his direction. Father Galtier visited this 
 place as a missionary. Tvi'o years later Father 
 Raveaux, then stationed atMendotaand St. Paul, 
 pm'chased the land where now stands the church 
 and other buildings of tlie' St. Anthony of Pa- 
 dua, and in 1849, commenced the frame building, 
 first used as a church. In 1851, Father Ledow 
 was stationed here, and at once set about the 
 completion of the church, building a residence at 
 the same time. lie was succeeded in 185.5, by 
 Father Fayolle, who remained until 1860, during 
 which time he commenced the erection of the 
 present church edifice, a stone building 6.5x140 
 feet, on the corner of Ninth A\enue north and
 
 464 
 
 EISTOBY OF HENIs'EPIN COUNTY. 
 
 Main street. East Division. In the summer of 
 18(30, his overtaxed mental powers yielded to the 
 weight of financial embarrassment, and necessi- 
 tated his removal. He is still living, an inmate 
 of an Asylum in St. Louis, Missouri. Following 
 the removal of the nnfortimate Father Fayolle, in 
 Jmie, 1860. Father John McDermott arrived here 
 and remained in charge until 1866, completing 
 the church, and building a school-house, and es- 
 tablishing the lirst parochial school in the city. 
 In November. 1866, Father Tissot took charge, 
 and the spring following, began the erection of 
 tlie present substantial stone residence, the wood- 
 en building having been assigned to other pur- 
 poses. Another school-house for a hoys" school 
 was built in 1870, and in 1874, still another be- 
 tween the two builduigs already finished with ad- 
 joinuig wall, thus unituig all under one roof. 
 
 The conventional and parochial church of 
 Holy Eosary. is situated on the comer of Fifth 
 street and Xinteenth Avenue south. It was 
 built by Father Power, and dedicated on Eosarj- 
 Sunday. 1878. It is a neat wooden building, 
 50x120 feet in size, and pleasantly located. 
 
 Order of St. Benedict.— The firet membere 
 of this order who came to Minnesota anived at 
 St. Paul in ilay, 1856, and on March 6th, 1857, 
 were granted a charter from the territorial legis- 
 lature. •Since then their numerical strength has 
 steadily increased, until now they are among the 
 most vigorous sectarian bodies in the state, hav- 
 ing two churches ui Miimeapolis, under whose 
 supervision are two schools in the city, and two 
 missions in Hennepin coimty. The first church 
 built in Miimeapolis by this order was under the 
 tliiection of Father Gahr. who organized a society 
 here about the year 1859, and the same year built 
 a church on the corner of Fourth street and Six- 
 teenth Avenue north-east, which in 1866 was re- 
 moved to Xo. 1001 Main street north, and subse- 
 quently torn dovi-n and used in building the 
 Sisters" house on the giounds of the St. Boniface 
 church. The priests who have successively been 
 in charge of the organization here are: Fathers 
 Sherer, Korring. Meyer. Maly. Hilkaer, Holtzer. 
 "Wirth. Mocliren, and Eajgelj.the present uicum- 
 bent. The order has built and now owns the 
 two following churches. 
 
 St. Boniface Church, O. S. B.— This elegant 
 structure is located on the comer of Seventh Av- 
 
 enue north and Second street, East Di%ision. It 
 was buUt in 1873, under the direction of Father 
 ■\Virth. and is of modem design 45x90 feet. In 
 connection with the church is a school under the 
 direction of the Sisters of Christian Charity. 
 They occupy a building 28x60 feet, with three 
 class rooms, and have an average daily attend- 
 ance of one hundred and twenty-five pupils. 
 
 The St. Joseph "s Church is a wooden structure 
 35x80 feet, and is located on the corner of Second 
 street and Tenth Avenvie north. It was built in 
 1870, and used as a mission school until 1875, be- 
 ing visited at regular intervals by Fathers Hill- 
 mer. Holtzer and "Wirth. in the order of their 
 succession. In 1875 it was converted into a par- 
 ish, with Father Stuckenkamper in charge. He 
 at once commenced the erection of a fine resi- 
 dence, which has since been occupied V)y himself 
 and his successors. Following him m the order 
 given were Fathere Capser. Kuisle. and in .Janu- 
 ary, 1879. Father Salzeder. the present incumbent, 
 who is ably assisted by Father Bader. The 
 church now includes about one hundred families 
 — all Germans. 
 
 The Church of the Immaculate Conception is 
 an elegant and imposing stone structure, located 
 on the comer of Third street and Third Avenue 
 north. The building is cruciform. 135x65 and 
 68 feet. Its erection was commenced in 1868 and 
 finished in 1871 . Standing by the side of it is 
 Catholic Association HaU, a commodious brick 
 building erected in 1879-"80. Tlie basement is 
 devoted to the total abstmence and benevolent 
 associations. The upper or second floor is divid- 
 ed througli the c?nter by folding dooi-s. by which 
 arrangement it may be used as a single hall or as 
 two rooms. The groimd ou which tliis church 
 stands was pm-chased by Father McPermott in 
 January, 1866. during his connection with St. An- 
 thony of Padua, lie also erected a two-story 
 school-house on the groimds the same year, 
 which remained until 1878, when it was destroyed 
 by fire. 
 
 Our Lady of Lourdes. In 1877 Father Brunei 
 arrived here from Canada, and organized a society 
 from the Canadian French then belonging to 
 Father Tissot "s church. The stone building on 
 Prince street, formerly used by the Universalists, 
 was purchased, and is now known as the church 
 of Our Ladv of Lourdes. Kev. Z. L. Chandon
 
 METHODIST EPISCOPAL CBUBCHES. 
 
 465 
 
 net succeeded Father Brunei in December. 1879, 
 and is still in charge 
 
 PAROCHIAL SCHOOLS. 
 
 Between the years of 1860 and 1866. Father 
 McDennott arrived in the city of Minneapolis, 
 and built tlie first school-house in which a paro- 
 chial school was opened in the city. The school 
 is located near tlie corner of Ninth Avenue north 
 and Main street, East Division. Anotlier school- 
 house was erected for boys in 1870, and in 1874 
 still another, lietween the two buildings already 
 finished, witli adjoining walls, thereljy uniting all 
 under one root. 
 
 St. Boniface church, O. S. B. liave a school lo- 
 cated on the corner of Seventh Avenue north and 
 Second street. East Division, built in 1873, whicli 
 is under the supervision of the Sisters of Chris- 
 tian Charity. They occupy a building 28x60, with 
 three class-rooms, and have an average daily at- 
 tendance of one hundred and twenty-five pupils. 
 
 The Convent of the Holy Angels, under the 
 supervision of the Sisters of St. Joseph, was es- 
 tablished in tlie fall of 1877, and is located at the 
 corner of Tliird street and Second Avenue north. 
 In tlie convent is a private school for girls, eon- 
 ducted by Sister St. John. All the higher branches 
 are taught, and the thoroughness of the teacher 
 is manifested in the high standing of the gradu- 
 ates. Tlie average number of inipils is about 
 eighty. In connection with the convent is the 
 Sodality of the Blessed Virgin, a society estab- 
 lished several years since, presided over by one of 
 the sisters, and is open to all young ladies of the 
 parish. Its object is mutual intercourse, devo- 
 tional exercises, and the general improveilient of 
 the young girls. jVnotber society, accessible only 
 to the students of tlie convent, is called the So- 
 dality of the Holy Angels. It was organized in 
 1874, its object being mutual improvement and 
 devotional exercises. 
 
 The Convent of St. Joseph's, O. S. B., in con- 
 nection witli the Churcli of St. Joseph's, was es- 
 tablished in the autumn of 1875, under the direc- 
 tion of tlie Sisters of St. Benedict. It is in a 
 separate building of two rooms, one twenty-four 
 feet square, the other 20x32 feet. The average 
 daily attendance is one hundred. 
 
 The Convent of Holy Rosary. Standing on the 
 
 same grounds with the cliurch of this name, is 
 30 
 
 the convent, whicli is under the direction of 
 Fatlier Power. It is a neat brick building, 45x 
 92 feet, and two stories high, with basement of 
 stone. It contains a large number of airy and 
 very comfortable rooms. Tlie educational de- 
 partments are in charge of the Dominican sisters. 
 
 METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCHES. 
 
 The First Methodist Episcopal Cliurch was or- 
 ganized in St. Anthony, in 1849, Enos Stephens 
 pastor, ^^ery httle reliable information can be 
 obtained as to the early struggles, difficulties and 
 successes of the old St. Anthony church. Rev. 
 Mr. Newcomb was, we believe, the next preacher, 
 Rev. E. C. Jones his successor. During his ad- 
 ministration the old St. Anthony church was be- 
 gun, in 1852. Tills was one of the first, if not 
 the first Methodist church edifice in the state. 
 It was in its day a fine building, and could it 
 speak to-day, would tell of many a glorious vic- 
 tory won for God. It was enlarged from time 
 to time by different pastors, until the pastorate 
 of the Rev. W. W. Satterlee, in 1871-2, when it 
 was sold for secular purposes, to make room for 
 the new building. The parsonage was built by 
 Rev. S. Bolles, and was then as it is yet, one of 
 tlie best in the conference. Rev. J. R. Creighton 
 succeeded Rev. S. G. Gale, and was succeeded 
 in the following order: Rev. Harvey Webb, Rev. 
 J. W. Martin, Rev. T. McClary in October, 
 1878, wlio is still occupying the field. 
 
 The Centenary Methodist Episcopal Church was 
 organized m 1855, with Rev. William C. McDon- 
 ald as the first pastor. In 1857 Mr. McDonald 
 was succeeded by Rev. J. D. Rich, under whose 
 direction the first church was built, on the high 
 ground opposite Wasliingtion school building on 
 Third Avenue south. Tlie building and ground 
 at that time was valued at .|4,000. In 1858, Rev. 
 T. M. Gossard was appointed pastor, followed in 
 1859 by Rev. J. O. Rich, wliose successor, Rev. 
 J.F. Chaffee, presided over tlie church during the 
 years 1860 and 1861. In September, 1862, Rev. 
 D. Cobb was appointed pastor, and was returned 
 in 1863. At tliis time the church numbered 167 
 members, seventeen on probation, and two local 
 preachers. The Sunday-school at this time had 
 enrolled 240 scholars and possessed a library of 
 700 volumes. 
 
 In 1863-4 tlie lots where the church and par-
 
 466 
 
 HISTORY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 sonage now stand, corner of First Avenue south 
 and Seventh street, were purchased and paid for 
 by the Ladies" Aid Society, of which Mrs. "Wil- 
 liam M. Harrison was president. In 1864 Kev. Dr. 
 John Quigley took charge for two years and ^vas 
 relieved liy Hev. J. F. Chaffee, under whose ad- 
 ministration of three years the present church 
 was built and dedicated. At tliis time Centenary 
 was the only Methodist church in Minneapolis. 
 The next pastor was Rev. J. "W. ]Mc(iregor, of 
 Ohio. He remained one year and was followed 
 by G. C. Wells. 
 
 During the pastorate of ]Mr. A\'clls the parson- 
 age was built. :Mr. Wells dying shortly after its 
 completion. Rev. Mr. Fasig was appointed to 
 complete his unexpired term. 
 
 Xext came Eev. A. Ilollington. who remained 
 one year, and Rev. S. ^IcChesney, the latter stay- 
 ing two years. Dining tlie second year of Mr. 
 McChpsucy"s administration, about seventy-four of 
 the members became dissatisfied witli the govern- 
 ment of the church, and organized what is now 
 known as the Hennepin Avenue Methodist Epis- 
 copal Church. 
 
 At the close of his second year here, Mr. iMc- 
 Chesney was transfened back to Chicago, and 
 Kev. D. Cobb appointed in his place. Mr. Cobb 
 remained two years, and at the close of the sec- 
 ond year the church numbered 318 members, with 
 twenty-five on probation. The Sunday-schooj 
 had 445 scholars, thirty-seven ofllcers and teach- 
 ers, with Col. F. Hooker, superintendent. After 
 an administration of two years Mr. Cobb was 
 succeeded by Rev. S. W. Lloyd, who staid one 
 year, and was followed by the present pastor. Rev. 
 Dr. "V^an Anda, of Rochester, New York. The 
 present membership is 354. The sunday-school 
 is conducted by forty-one officers and teachers, 
 has 5(17 scholars enrolled, and an average attend- 
 ance of 409. The church is valued at ?;40,000, 
 and the parsonage at ^6,000. 
 
 The Hennepin Avenue Methodist Episcopal 
 church was organized in 1S75 Ijy a secession of 
 about ninety members fnmi Centenary cluirch. 
 The Sunday-school was organized in the Qtiaker 
 church. The present chnrch building was com- 
 menced in the middle of the winter, and in six 
 Weeks was pushed to completion, at an expense 
 of about three thousand dollars, and dedicated 
 by Rev. J. F. Chattee. the present pastor. Rev. 
 
 AlonzoHoUington, the first pastor, continued un- 
 thefall of 1876; then Rev. C. M. Hurd from 1876 
 to 1879. The present pastor. Rev. J. F. Chaffee, 
 came in 1879. The membership of the church 
 is at present 190; the Sunday-school connect- 
 ed with the chnrch has a membership of 250, 
 under the charge of H. D. Wood, suiieriuteud- 
 ent. The new church now building on the corner 
 of Tenth street and Hemiepin Avenue, is of red 
 brick, a beautiful and stately edifice, which, 
 when completed, will cost about sixty thousand 
 dollars. The plan includes arrangements for one 
 of the finest and largest Sunday-school rooms in 
 the city. 
 
 Tlie Seventh Street ilethodist Episcopal Church 
 was started by a proposition from H. G. Harrison 
 to give the entire bill of lumber; T. A. Harrison. 
 $1,500; Mi-s. A. IL Golieen, *8()(); L. Day ^: Sons, 
 $500. October, 1870, Rev. J. F. Chaffee, city 
 missionary, prosecuted the work to comjilptiDU. 
 The organization took place at a meeting held in 
 the "Vine street church, with thirty-nine members. 
 The church, costing $7,000 was dedicated July 
 9th, 1871. and is located between Eleventh and 
 Twelfth Avenues south. On the 16th, a Sabbath 
 school was organized with ninety members. Rev. 
 T. McClary was appointed pastor from the Wino- 
 na conference in 1872. Rev. W. W. Satterlee is 
 now filling tlie desk. Has 250 members. Sun- 
 day-school, 175 members. 
 
 The Xorth Minneapolis Misssion, now Wash- 
 ington Avenue Methodist Episcopal Chnrch, was 
 organized February 2oth, 1872. A Sunday-school 
 was organized on the Sunday following, with 
 fifteen members, N. R. Robinson, superintendent. 
 A chapel costing $2,200 was dedicated by IMshop 
 Merrill in 1872. In September, 1872. at the con- 
 ference held in Winona, Kev. John Stafford was 
 apppointed its firet pastor at which time its mem- 
 bership was thirty-five, and its Sunday-school, 
 sixty-six scholare; present pastor, Rev. J. A. 
 Berry. 
 
 The Franklin Avenue ilethodist Episcopal 
 Church, was formed by the action of the Winona 
 conference, held at Anoka. October, 1873, and a 
 society organized during the same month with 
 the Rev. S. T. Sterrett as first pastor. Rev. X. 
 M. Learned is the present jiastor. The church 
 has a membership of about eighty-five; when he 
 came it had about sixty-eight members. Present
 
 PRESBYTERIAN CHURCHES. 
 
 467 
 
 number of Sunday-school scholars, one hundred 
 and twenty-five, with J. T. Wyman, superinten- 
 dent, and K. W. Wins lii'st assistant; Mrs. X. AI. 
 Learned, second assistant. In May, 1871, the 
 first Sunday-school was organized. 
 
 Wasliington Avenue Metliodist Episcopal 
 Churcli. At the Minnesota conference held in 
 Mankato September 27th, 1K71, Bishop Simpson 
 presiding, Kev. T. McClary was appointed to 
 wiiat was then known as the Seventh Street and 
 North Mission church, Minneapolis. February 
 27th, 1872. a meeting was held in the German 
 chapel, resulting in the organization of the pres- 
 ent Washington Avenue jNIethodist Episcopal 
 Church. March 10th following, a Sunday-school 
 was organized in the German chapel, N. R. Rob- 
 inson superintendent, with eighty scholars. A 
 library costing $10fi and an cn'gan costing |140 
 was purchased for the school. July following 
 the Sunday-school was lield in the new building. 
 A lot on the corner of Seventh street was donated 
 to the society by William Gaslin. June Isli 
 1872, work was commenced on the church build- 
 ing, which was completed July 31st, 1872, at a 
 cost of $2,200, and dedicated by Bishop Ames. 
 The first communion service August 4th, follow- 
 ing. Rev. John Stafford followed Rev. Mr. Mc- 
 Clary, under whose administration the churcli 
 had great prosperity. In Octo!)pr, 1880, the otti- 
 cial board invited the Rev. J. R. Berry, a mem- 
 ber of the upper Iowa conference. He was trans- 
 ferred by Bishop Andrews to the iSIinnesota con- 
 ference, and assigned to the pastorate by Bisliop 
 Harris. 
 
 The Second German JNI. E. Church is located 
 comer of Second street and Tenth Avenue north- 
 east. The first meeting was lield in an old school 
 house in 1855, and the first pastor was Rev. Mr. 
 Roth, assisted by Rev. Mr. Spearman. Services 
 were lield indifferent places until ISGI, when tlie 
 present church was located, and is now un- 
 der the care of Rev. J. M. JSippold. A parson- 
 age costing about fifteen hundred dollars, is con- 
 nected with the church. 
 
 The First German Methodist Episcopal Church, 
 corner of Fifth street and Fourth Avenue south, 
 was organized in October, 1866, with the Rev. J. 
 Schmell for first pastor, who continued for three 
 years, succeeded by Rev. J. Schaefer who labored 
 three years, succeeded by Rev. Henry Boettcher 
 
 for four years, succeeded respectively by Rever- 
 ends F. Kopp, C. Nachtriets and J. Schneider, the 
 present pastor in charge. It has a growing Sun- 
 day-school of about sixty members. The church, 
 too, has grown from ten to eighty-two members. 
 
 The Norwegian Methodist Episcopal Church is 
 located on Nineteenth Avenue south between 
 Fifth and Sixth streets. The first organization 
 was effected in July, 1873, by Rev. J. H. Johnson 
 with ten members. The first preacher in charge 
 was Rev. N. Christopherson, who took charge No- 
 vember 28th, 1873; he was succeeded by Rev. J. 
 Jacobson for one year, who was followed by Rev. 
 L. A. Larson for three years; then Rev. B. Olin 
 followed for two years, who was succeeded by 
 Rev. Mart. Nelson now in charge. The present 
 membership is thirty-five, and is in a growing 
 and prosperous condition. 
 
 First Swedish Methodist Episcopal Church, 343 
 Cedar Avenue, was organized in February, 1873. 
 After encountering many difficulties, the build- 
 ing of a house of worship was undertaken, under 
 the leadership of Rev. C. G. Nelson ; in Septem- 
 ber, 1873, a subscription was circulated; the 
 money raised and in October following, the foun- 
 dation was laid, and in December, 1873, this young 
 society had anew church costing $4,000, and while 
 enjoying the feast of dedication the debt was paid 
 in full. In 1879 a parsonage was commenced 
 under the administration of Rev. A. G. Johnson 
 the present pastor, and in 1880 was completed, 
 and the church is now in a nourishing condi- 
 tion. 
 
 PRESBYTERIAN CHURCHES. 
 
 Andrew Fresbyterian Church. During the 
 winter of 1849-50, Mr. Neill preached every other 
 Sunday afternoon at the falls of St. Anthony. 
 In July, 1850, Rev. William T. Wheeler, former- 
 ly a Congi'egational missionary to Africa, com- 
 menced preaching at the request of Mr. Neill. 
 The members being mostly Presbyterians it was 
 decided to call it "The First Presbyterian Cliurch 
 of St. Anthony." Rev. Charles Seccombe, who 
 succeeded Mr. Wheeler, persuaded the congrega- 
 tion to drop the name of Presbyterian, and it is 
 now known as the Congregational society of Min- 
 neapoUs, East Division. On the 23d day of 
 August, 1857, a committee of the St. Paul Pres- 
 bytery, consisting of Rev. John G. Reiheldaffer 
 and Rev. H. Maltby, re-orgauized the "First
 
 468 
 
 HISTORY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 Presbyterian Church of St. Anthony." The fol- 
 lowing persons were the firet membere, viz : Mrs. 
 Margaret Edwards. Samuel H. Lea. Joseph Tan 
 Eman. Mrs. Sarah Van Eman. Richard Chute and 
 Mrs. Mary E. Chute. Eichard Chute was elected 
 ruluig elder, histalled by Rev. Mr. Maltby, 
 and was appointed clerk of sessions. Mr. 
 Cliute held this office until July 10. 1867, when he 
 resigned and Gen. H. P. ■\'an Cleve filled the of- 
 fice until 1878. In June, 1858, the church called 
 Rev. David Stevenson, but he declined and re- 
 commended Rev. Levi Hughes, of Logansport, 
 Indiana. By an arrangement with Westminster 
 Church, which was organized the same day, Mr. 
 Hughes was called to preacli in both churches at 
 a salary of ?1. 000 per year. David Edwards do- 
 nated the use of his haU and on the evening of 
 October 7, 1858, the first prayer meeting was 
 held in "Edwards Hall." with five present. Oc- 
 tober 10, 1S58, tlie Sunday-school was organized 
 with six teachers and twelve scholars ; Orrin Cm-- 
 tiss was chosen superintendent. 
 
 On January 16th. 1860. notice was received 
 from Rev. H. I. Coe. corresponding secretary of 
 the Church Extension Company, at St. Louis, that 
 the board had appropriated - 1 ,000, the gift of the 
 ilisses Andrew, of Xew^ York citv-, for the pur- 
 pose of aiding in the erection of a house of wor- 
 ship. In May. 1860. Rev. Mr. Hughes and family 
 removed to Bloomington. Indiana. For six 
 months preceeding his removal, he had seldom 
 preached, though pubUe worship had been con- 
 ducted by lay members reading appropriate ser- 
 mons. In September foUowiug, Mr. McKee was 
 called to the pastorate of the two churches, re- 
 maining until 1865. By an act of the legislature 
 of Minnesota, passed January 30th, 1861, the 
 name of this church was changed from the "First 
 Presbyterian Church of St. Anthony'' to "An- 
 drew Presbyterian Church" in honor of Mrs. 
 Catherine Andrew and her daughter, who donated 
 $1,000 and a bell. The church was erected 
 on Second street, and was formally dedicated 
 April 14, 1862. Rev. R. F. Sample supplied the 
 pulpit from June 17th, 1866, to March, 1868, 
 when he accepted a call to Westmmister Church 
 of Minneapolis. During his ministrj', thirty- 
 four were added to the church. Rev. David Pel- 
 ton, of Pennsylvania, presided from March 1st, 
 1869, to March 1st. 1870, During the pastorate 
 
 of Rev. Isaac W. Monfert. from May 1st, 1870, 
 to July, 1872. the church was removed in Novem- 
 ber and December, 1870, to its present site on 
 Fourth street. Rev. David Stewart was the next 
 pastor, from August 1st, 1872, to May. 1875. 
 From May 16th, 1875, to May 26th, 1877, Rev. E. 
 J. Thompson, professor of mathematics at the 
 univereity. supplied the pulpit, and was succeeded 
 by tlie present pastor. Rev. Carlos T. Cliester, to 
 whom the chinch extended a call in February, 
 1877, At the time he received the call, Mr. 
 Chester was a senior in Auburn Tlieological Sem- 
 inary, of Auburn, Jsew York, from which he 
 graduated 2klay 10th, 1877, and arriraig in Min- 
 nesota the latter part of that month, preached 
 his first sermon, Sunday, June 2d, 1877; was or- 
 dained and installed by the St, Paul Presbytery 
 on the 7th day of August, 1877, From June, 
 1877, to January 1st, 1881, seventx-eight were ad- 
 ded to the church. The church has a full board 
 of ruling elders. 
 
 Tlie Park Aveiuie Presbyterian Cluirch. The 
 First Presbyterian church of ^Minneapolis was or- 
 ganized May 22d, 1853, Ijy Rev. G. H. Pond, with 
 thirteen members. It continued to exist with 
 some degree of prosperity until July 22d. 1860, 
 when, from various adveree influences, its mem- 
 bers were scattered. For about five years regular 
 pubUc worship had been suspended. The church 
 was re-organized August lOth, 1860, by the Rev. 
 A. G. Ruliffson, with what remained of the orig- 
 inal membership of the church, together with 
 nine members of the First Presbyterian Church 
 of ^Minnesota, at Minne-ha-ha, and eight other per- 
 sons who presented letters from other churches. 
 In this re-organization, the First Presbyterian 
 Churcliof Mimieapolis, in fact became the succes- 
 sor to the First Presbyterian Church of Minneso- 
 ta, which church was but the continuation of the 
 Presbyterian church of St, Peters, or Fort Suell- 
 ing, the oldest church of any denomination in all 
 this region. The church at St. Peters was organ- 
 ized June 14th, 1835, by the Rev. Thomas S. 
 ■\^'illiamson, in the quaitei-s which he occupied at 
 the Fort. In connection with this church there 
 were two mission stations, at which public wor- 
 ship was kept up from time to time, one at Lake 
 Harriet.the otherat Oak (irove, near Minne-ha-ha. 
 The church at St. Peters, or Fort Snelling, was 
 largely made up of the offlcere and their families
 
 PRE8BYTERIAJS CHURCHES. 
 
 469 
 
 stationed there. It came to pass after a few 
 years, that, by death and removal, the membership 
 was greatly reduced, and the church was again 
 withoTit otBcers. At the request of tlie remaining 
 membersliip, tlie cliurch was reorganized as tlie 
 Oak Grove Churcli of Minne-ha-ha, and Rev. G. 
 H. Pond was chosen pastor. Up to this time tlie 
 church was under the care of the Presbytery of 
 Dakota, but at the request of the members it \\&.^ 
 transferred to the roll of the Minnesota Presbytery. 
 At a meeting of the Presbytery of Minnesota, in 
 July, 1862, the name of this church was changed 
 so as to stand on the Presbyterian roll as " The 
 First Presbyterian Church in Minnesota." It re- 
 tained the name until July 22d, 1860, when its 
 remaining elder and eight communicants, united 
 with- what remained of the original Pirst Church 
 of Minneapolis, in the new organization which is 
 properly the legitimate successor of both the oth- 
 ers. Some of the members of this organization 
 are among the memljership of the First Presby- 
 terian Church at the present writing. The rec- 
 ords from which these facts are gathered are in a 
 good state of preservation. The book contains 
 a full account of the organization of the 
 church at St. Peters, the complete records of the 
 Oak Grove Church, also of the First Presbyterian 
 Church of Minneapolis, from tlie re-organization 
 in 1860 to the end of Kev. ilr. I^ayne's ministry. 
 Rev. Daniel Stewart, D. D., came and took cliarge 
 of the church as stated supply, in which capacity he 
 has remained since June 1st, 1875, to the present 
 time. During his ministrations the church debt 
 has been paid, the congregation more than 
 doubled, and now is in a flourishing and prosper- 
 ous condition. It has a seating capacity of about 
 six hundred ; also in connection with it, a Sun- 
 day-school of about one lumdred and fifty mem- 
 bers, under tlie management of James H. Mc- 
 Clintten, superintendent. 
 
 Westminster Presbyterian Church. In 18-53 
 the first representative of the western branch of 
 the Presbyterian Church, the Rev. J. G. Reihel- 
 daffer, commenced his labors in St. Paul. Soon 
 after he was joined by men of like spirit, such as 
 H. Maltby, Charles Thayer, J. C. Caldwell and A. 
 II. Kerr, who came to plant tlie standards of the 
 cross along the borders of the wilderness. The 
 growth of the church wliose foundations they 
 laid, is doubtless to them an occasion of gratitude 
 
 and thanksgi\ing. Better to have been the first 
 pioneer, planting the holy emblem of the cross on 
 the virgin soil of Minnesota, and claiming this 
 territory for Jesus, than to have been president 
 of the ITnited States, or commander-iu-chief of 
 the national arrcy. In the fall of ISS.'i, the Synod 
 of Iowa created the Presbytery of St. Paul, con- 
 sisting of Rev. J. (i. Reilieldaffer, Rev. Charles 
 Thayer and Rev. Joseph A. Sterrett, pastors re- 
 spectively of the churches in St. Paul, Hudson, 
 and Prescott. The total number of communicants 
 in these three pastoral charges, only one of which 
 was in the state of Minnesota, was fifty-nine ; in 
 St. Paul thirty-two, in Hudson eleven, in Pres- 
 cott fifteen. The General Assembly convened at 
 Rochester, X. Y., in 1860, created the Synod of 
 St. Paul, embracing the Presbyteries of St. Paul, of 
 Chippewa and Lake Superior. The Synod of St. 
 Paul thus created, consisted of nmeteen ministers 
 and twenty-four churches. Nine of these churches 
 were in Minnesota, with a total membership of 
 187. The "Westminster Presliyterian Church of 
 Mimieapolis was organized August 23d, 18-57, by 
 a committee of the Presbytery of St. Paul, con- 
 sisting of Rev. J. G. Reilieldaffer and Rev. H. 
 Maltby. The services were held in the Free Will 
 Baptist church. The following persons were en- 
 rolled as members, viz: Andrus W. Oliver, Louis 
 H. Williams, Tabiatha P. Williams, Ellen Mary 
 Williams, Deborah :M. Pettit, J. C. WilUams and 
 Sarah J. Williams. On the 6th of April, 18-58, 
 the church was incorporated under the revised 
 statutes of Minnesota. H. D. Beman, W. K. Mc- 
 Farlane, Eugene M. Wilson, A. Bradford, C. H. 
 Pettit and J. C. Williams were elected as a board 
 of trustees, under the name and style of the 
 " Trustees of tlie Westminster Presbyterian 
 Church of Minneapolis."' During the three 
 months immediately following, tlie church was 
 without preaching, with the exception of a single 
 Sabbath when the services were conducted by the 
 Rev. J. G. Reilieldaffer. On the 6th of December, 
 18-57, Mr. B. C. Dorrance, a licentiate of the Pres- 
 bytery of Luzerne, commenced preaching in the 
 First Presbyterian church, under a commission 
 from the board of domestic missions. Mr. Dor- 
 rance closed liis labors with the Westminster 
 Church, in Fletcher Hall, April 18th. Mr. Dor- 
 rance was a pleasant and forcible preacher. By 
 his public muiistrations, as well as by his affection-
 
 470 
 
 HISTOEY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 ate. cheerful, and exemplary Christiau deport- 
 ment, he endeared himself to all. It was a sad 
 day to the little church when theii- beloved minis- 
 ter, with the shadows of death on his face, bade 
 them farewell, never to return. In 18-58. the 
 Kev. Mr. Hughes was invited to become stated 
 supply for the church in St. Anthony and '-West- 
 minster." During this time church ser\ices were 
 held in "Woodman's Hall, now the Firet National 
 Hotel. In 1860 and 1861 a new church was built, 
 and dedicated March 17th. 1861, Eev. J. G. KeUiel- 
 daffer preaching the dedication sermon. In Oc- 
 tober, 1862, Mr. SUong was ordained and installed 
 pastor of the church by the Presbyterj- of St. 
 Paul. As a preacher :Mr. Strong was Intellectual 
 rather than emotional. His sermons were written 
 wth much care, and delivered with animation. In 
 186.5. the Rev. R. A. Condit accepted an in-\-ita- 
 tion to become the pastor of this church, and was 
 installed in 1866. In the autumn of 1866. the 
 church building was enlarged and improved ; the 
 towers were erected and the building extended. 
 December. 1867. against tlie remonstrance of a 
 large portion of the congregation, Mr. Condit "s 
 pastoral relation to the church was dissolved. At 
 a meeting held .Jaiuiary. 1868. moderated by Bev. 
 D. C. Lyon, a call was made for the Rev. R. F. 
 Sample. D. D. Having, at this time, other in\i- 
 tations under consideration and being in much 
 doubt as to his duty, his answer was delayed for 
 several weeks. At length his way seemed clear, 
 and he commenced his labors m March. 1868. 
 He is a calm, impressive speaker, and a profoimd 
 thinker, making a lasting impression on aU within 
 the sound of his voice. In May, 1868, the Pas- 
 tor's Aid Society was organized. John A. Mc- 
 Heirry was elected president: Hon. W. "W. ilc- 
 Nair, vice-president; and T. B. Janney, secretary. 
 The Sunday-school, under the efficient superin- 
 tendence of Hon. C. E. A'anderburgh, steadily 
 increased in numbers and usefulness. The 
 chiuch is large-hearted and generous, giving 
 thousands of dollars annually to the various 
 boards of the church. It is one of the most lib- 
 eral among the many churches in the city. The 
 increased membership and attendance during the 
 acceptable administration of the present pastor, 
 compelled the society to provide more extensive 
 accommodations. Accordingly, during the sum- 
 mer of 1880, measures long in contemplation, were 
 
 taken to erect a structure worthy of the wealth 
 and importance the church had attained. This 
 massive edifice, buUt of browai sandstone from 
 Duluth, is building corner of Nicollet Ave- 
 nue and Seventh street. The style of building is 
 a mixtin-e of the Gothic and Corinthian architec- 
 tures, and will, it is supposed, cost about $95,000, 
 and sui-pass in maguiflcence all its predecessors. 
 Franklin Avenue Presbyterian Church. On 
 the 16th day of June, 1873, Rev. George "\V. Jack- 
 son, late of the city of Minneapolis, in fulfillment 
 of a design long entertamed. conveyed to the 
 trustees of "Westminster Presbyterian Church of 
 said city, village lot 6, in block 1 , in Jackson's ad- 
 dition to ilinneapolis. ui trust, and for the use of 
 a Presbyterian church in that part of the city. 
 Stimulated by the efforts of Mr. Jackson and Rev. 
 R. F. Sample D. D., several members of the 
 Westminister Presbyterian church, were induced 
 to undertake a Sunday-school in that part of the 
 city; the first session of which was held in the 
 Norwegian Lutheran Seminary, the first Sabbath 
 in Jainiary. 1873. The Sunday-school was for the 
 time styled the Westminster ^Mission Sunday- 
 school, and its officers were L. V. N. Blakeman, 
 supermtendent: R. Shaw, assistant: S. A. Harris, 
 secretary: who were assisted by a band of ten 
 teachers. During the summer of 1873, the 
 church building formerly occupied by the First 
 Presbyterian church of Minnesota, having been 
 piuchased by the Rev. R. F. Sample, was removed 
 to said lot. and put in proper repair by the offer- 
 ings and efforts of the workers in the mission 
 school. The cost of building and removal was 
 about $1 ,800. The Sunday-school was then i-e- 
 moved to the church, and on Sabbath evening, 
 November 2d. 1873. appropriate opening services 
 were held in the church. Sermon by Rev. Dr. 
 Stewart, the Rev. E. D. Neill. R. F. Sample 
 D. D.. and II. N". Payne, also taking part in the 
 services. In addition to the Sunday-school, reg- 
 ular services were held in the church every Sab- 
 bath thereafter. On about the 12th of December, 
 1873, a request was made in writing to Rev. 
 Charles Thayer, R. F. Sample D. D.. and the 
 Hon. C. E. A'anderburgh. the regular committee 
 on Home Missions of the Presbytery of St. Paul, 
 by L. A'. N. Blakeman and others for the organi- 
 zation of a church; accordingly the committee, in 
 connection with Rev. D. C. Lyon, district mis-
 
 BAPTIST CHURCHES. 
 
 471 
 
 sionary for the Synod of Minnesota, met at the 
 church on the evening of December 21st, 1873, 
 and in conformity with the laws of tlie presljytery, 
 organized a cluirch witli the following mem- 
 bers; N. W. Lander, L. \. N. Blakeman, Mrs. 
 Emma T. Blakeman, Bolza Lee, Martha Lee, 
 Robert Shaw, John Nichol, Mrs. C. Kobb, Mrs. 
 H. M. Lowell, Mrs. Elizabeth Pierson, and Mr. 
 John Ilosdy. The name chosen was " Franklin 
 Avenue Presbyterian Church of ]Minneaiiolis," 
 and the following persons elected ; ruling elders, 
 John Nichol, L. V. N. Blakeman, and two oth- 
 ers; Kevs. E. D. NeUl and E. J. Thompson sup- 
 plied the pulpit until July 1st, 1874, when the 
 Rev. A. A. Kiehle, a graduate of Union Theolo- 
 gical Semmary, of New York city, supplied the 
 pulpit until he was ordained, and installed its 
 first pastor, who continued his labors till Feb- 
 ruary 8th, 1878. Rev. T. Farris was invited 
 March 10th, 1878, to supply the pulpit and still 
 contimies. The church is partially dependent for 
 support on the Home Missionary Board, and the 
 liberality of several private citizens, among whom 
 are Hon. G. E. Vanderburgh and II. (_i. Sidle. 
 The former by his liberal financial aid as well as 
 wise councils as chairman of the Home ilission- 
 ary committee of St. Paul, from the date of its 
 organization, has contributed largely to its wel- 
 fare. L. V. N. Blakeman was superintendent 
 of the Sunday-school till July, 1879, when declin- 
 ing health forced a resignation. lion. C. E. 
 Vanderburgh is now superintendent, and John 
 Hardy, secretary. The school now numbers one 
 hiuidred and twenty-five scholars. 
 
 The Fifth Presbyterian Church is located on 
 the corner of Nineteenth street and Fourth Av- 
 enue north. It was built by the Westminster 
 cliurch in 1873, and named the Western Avenue 
 Mission Chapel, where a Sunday-school was eon- 
 ducted under the superintendence of S. M. and 
 J. Williams, who started with a few scholars 
 with constantly increasing numbers, until it 
 reached about fifty, w-hen there seemed a necess- 
 ity for a church organization to meet the growing 
 wants of the community in which it was located. 
 Steps were taken to organize a church which was 
 effected on the last Sunday of the year 1879, with 
 eleven members. Rev. A. W. Benson officiating 
 for five months. lit; was succeeded by Rev. 
 Daniel Rice, D. D., who was followed bv Rev. 
 
 Rockwood Macquesten, who is now in charge. 
 The church membersliip has increased to twenty 
 members, and the Sunday-school now enrolls one 
 hundred and fifty, with an average attendance of 
 eighty-five. J. H. Monroe is superintendent and 
 P. (2. Diven assistant superintendent. During 
 the past winter a fine organ has been purchased 
 and paid for out of the receipts of the literary 
 society connected with the church. Miss Ilattie • 
 E. Allen is the organist. The church has a fine- 
 toned bell of about 800 pounds weight, from the 
 celebrated Meneely establishment of Troy, New 
 York. It was a contribution of friends outside 
 of the clun-ch. 
 
 BAPTIST CHURCHES. 
 
 The First Baptist Church, St. Anthony, was 
 organized July 23d, 18-50, Rev. J. P. Pearsons, 
 pastor. W. C. Brown and nine others constituted 
 the first membership. After many struggles they 
 succeeded in laying the foimdation for the pres- 
 ent edifice in 1868. In 1869, the corner post was 
 raised, with appropriate services, and in 1870,- 
 the completed structure was dedicated. In 1879 
 the name of the church was changed by legisla- 
 tive act, to ''OlivetJkiptist Clun-ch of Minneapo- 
 lis." At the present time there is no regular 
 pastor, but the pulpit is occasionally supplied. 
 
 Free AVill Baptist Church. In June, 18.51 , Rev. 
 C. G. Ames was appointed the first missionary to 
 Minnesota, and commenced his labors at once, in 
 St. Anthony. On the 25th of October following, 
 A. Plarmon, Charlotte Harmon, E. Mcintosh, 
 Abagail Mi'Intosh, Rev. C. G. Ames. and Sarah .J. 
 Ames, formed themselves into a body corporate, 
 and in October 26th, 1851, organized a "Free Will 
 Baptist Church." From 1853 to '54 the church 
 was nuu'h embarrassed for the want of a place of 
 worship. ]\Iost of the members living on the west 
 side of the river, it was resolved to move to Min- 
 neapolis, May 27th. 1854. September 1st, 1855, 
 Rev. C. G. Ames resigned tht. pastoral charge, but 
 continued to supply the desk for a long time 
 after. April 23d, 1860, Rev. A. D. Williams sev- 
 ered his relation to the church. November, 2d, 
 1861, Rev. B. W. Bryant united with the church 
 and became its pastor. June 1st, 1866, Rev. H. 
 N. Herrick having supplied the desk accepta- 
 bly for some time was invited to become' 
 its pastor, which invitation he accepted Jaiuiary
 
 IITS1X)BY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 20th, 1870; he offered his resignation as pastor 
 December, 1872, which was accepted with the 
 vote to continue his salary for three months. 
 Rev. Charles Payne accepted the pastorate, and 
 resigned August, 1875. November foUowmg, Rev. 
 A. J. Davis was called to the pastorate, and ac- 
 cepted in 1875. May 21st, 1878, extended a call 
 to Rev. A. A. Smith, who accepted and is now in 
 charge of the church. 
 
 Tlie First Baptist Church was organized in 
 1853, with ten members, in the house of :Mr. 
 Asa Fletcher. Meetings were held in the 
 first Fletcher hall, located on the south side of 
 Helen street, near the corner of Second Avenue 
 south. March 21st, 1857, Rev. A. A. Russsll re- 
 signed. July 21st, Rev. Amory Gale was called 
 and accepted, and at once entered upon his labors. 
 In the summer of 1857, a lot on the comer of 
 Third Street and Nicollet Avenue was donated by 
 H. T. Welles, Esq., aud the church at once com- 
 menced to build a house of worship. February 
 6th, 1858, the basement room was completed and 
 occupied, which at that time was the best and 
 largest room for worship in the yoimg town of 
 Minneapolis. From July 1st, 1858, to October, 
 1860, the church was without a pastor. During 
 the interim, the pulpit was supplied by Revs. G. 
 B. Lewis, J. A. Davis and R. M. Pease. During 
 the winter of 1859- "60 Rev. Mr. Pease preached 
 most of the time. Rev. J. R. Manton commen- 
 ced his labors, as pastor in October, 1860, and la- 
 bored through four stu'ring and eventful years. 
 In July, 1865, an invitation was extended to Rev. 
 L. B. Allen, D. D., and was accepted. In 1866 
 the church vacated the basement and took down 
 the structure, it being considered unsafe. In 
 1867 the old lot was exchanged for the one on the 
 comer of Fifth street and Ilemiepin Avenue. 
 In April, 1868, the church invited Rev. AV. L. 
 Lowry to the pastorate. The new edifice was 
 completed, dedicated November 29th, 1868, 
 and the new pastor ordained. September 18th, 
 1871, Rev. F. W. Powell was called and accepted 
 the pastorate. After a prosperous and successful 
 mhiistry of about three years, failing health com- 
 pelled a resignation which was reluctantly accept- 
 ed. In October, 1874, they extended a call to the 
 Rev. H. C. Woods to become their pastor, who 
 after holding the invitation under advisement, 
 concluded the following November to accept 
 
 the caU. He entered immediately upon the du- 
 ties of pastor, and is now in charge. Under his 
 careful and prudent ministrations the church has 
 been greatly prospered, receiving large additions 
 to its membership — a net gain of 21 1 members 
 in the past five years. The ladies' sevring society 
 have bought and paid for a fine organ, besides 
 contributing largely towards the expense of up- 
 holstering the seats, which are of a capacity to 
 accommodate between six and seven hundred. 
 The grand total of contributions for the different 
 benevolent objects m the past five years is f34,- 
 433.88. Present membership, 440. It also has a 
 flourishing Sunday-school of 235 scholars, whose 
 contributions have supported a foreign mission- 
 ary for the past twelve years. 
 
 Franklin Avenue ^lission was organized May 
 31st, 1874; the chapel is located on a lot belong- 
 ing to the Baptist Mission, corner of Franklin 
 and Bloomington Avenues, and was dedicated the 
 same day. A Sunday-school was organized with 
 J. C. Hoblet superintendent and Frank Ball, sec- 
 retary. It has a steady growth, and now numbers 
 136, with an average attendance since its organi- 
 zation of 90. and is provided with an organ and 
 other necessary material for a successful prosecu- 
 tion of the work. Mr. Iloblet expecting soon to 
 leave, Mr. Fallis has been recently elected, and 
 takes it in a flourishing and prosper(_)us condition. 
 Jewett Chapel. The mission spirit stimulated 
 by the success of tlie Franklin Avenue mission, 
 impelled .another attempt, which was seconded by 
 the growing want for more room, and a special 
 meeting was called for that puriJOse on the 29th 
 day of June, 1874. On the 6th of July followuig, 
 the ladies sewing society of the First church 
 pledged $333.33 toward the erection of a new 
 chapel. Deacon S. A. Jewett donated the land, 
 which at once insured the success of the enter- 
 prise, and work \\as immediately commenced im- 
 der the supervision of C. F. Ilaglin, Esq., archi- 
 tect, who kindly donated the plans. It was pushed 
 to completion, and on the 151h of November was 
 dedicated with appropriate services, under the 
 name of " Jewett Chapel." A Sunday-school 
 was organized on the same day, with W. W. 
 Huntington, superintendent, and Deacon J. O. 
 Weld, assistant, and Charles Ham, secretary. It 
 has a membership of eighty : average attendance 
 seventy, which is remarkable.
 
 CONGREGATIONAL CHURCHES. 
 
 473 
 
 The Fifth Avenue Baptist Church was organ- 
 ized December 29th, 1S69, in its present liouse of 
 worship, on the corner of Fifth Avenue and Nintli 
 street south. At the time of its organization it 
 was called the Marshall street Baptist Church ; 
 but with the change of tlie name of Marshall 
 street to Fifth Avenue, a corresponding change 
 was made in the name of the church. In its 
 formation, members of the First Baptist Church, 
 and a cliurch then known as the Union Baptist 
 Church, but now extinct, with persons not 
 members of either of the above churches, but 
 holding letters from others, united together. 
 Rev. A. Gale presided at the meeting of the 
 church, and Philip Herzog was chosen clerk. 
 Immediately after the organization had been ef- 
 fected, and the adoption of a church covenant and 
 the election of the proper officers, a council of the 
 churches was called, who formally recognized the 
 church as a regularly constituted Baptist church. 
 Rev. A. S. Cole was the Urst pastor, succeeded by 
 four others, until the succession came to the pres- 
 ent incumbent. Rev. F. T. (jates. who was called 
 in 1880. The church has enjoyed since its organ- 
 izaton an almost iminterrupted growth. Present 
 memberehip is about 160. The society possesses 
 a comfortable house of worship, 4(1x70 feet, seat- 
 ing 250 persons. There is also a conmiodious 
 parsonage. 
 
 The First Swedish Baptist Church was organ- 
 ized in 1872, with a membership of twenty-five, 
 in a hall opposite the present post-offlce ; con- 
 tinued there for two years. The church now lo- 
 cated on tlie corner of Sixth street and Twelfth 
 Avenue south, was built by offerings from ser- 
 vant girls of from five to fifteen dollars each, 
 aided by a subscription tif S22o. raised in one 
 night by the First Baptist Church. 
 
 First Norwegian Baptist Church, located on 
 Eleventh Avenue between Fourth and Fifth 
 streets, was organized May 28, 1879, with about 
 fifteen members, and Rev. J. A. H. Johnson, pas- 
 tor. During his administration a new church was 
 begun in September, 1880. From May to Sep- 
 tember the church was without regular preach- 
 ing, when Rev. I. Lai'sen was called and accepted 
 the office of pastor, who so far finished the work 
 as to make it convenient for public worship. At 
 the present time it has about thirty-eight mem- 
 bers. 
 
 CONGREGATIONAL CHTRCHES. 
 
 The First Congregalional church was organized 
 November 16, 1851. Rev. Charles Seccombe of 
 St. Anthony, and Rev. Richard Hall of Point 
 Douglass, conducted the services. There were 
 twelve members and Mr. Seccombe, a missionary 
 of the American Home Missionary Society, took 
 charge of this young organization. This was the 
 first Congregational church organized in the ter- 
 ritory ; seven years before the state of Minnesota 
 was added to the Union. In 1852 the churcli 
 formed a union with the First Presbyterian 
 Church of St. Anthony, but this arrangement was 
 abandoned July 28, 1853. The church received 
 aid from the American Home iSIissionary Society 
 during the first fifteen years of its existence, since 
 which time it has been self supporting. Rev. 
 Charles Secconilje was installed as the first pastor 
 July 30,1854; he was succeeded August, 1866, 
 by Rev. Orlando Clark, who was succeeded Sep- 
 tember 28, 1867, by Rev. Jay Clizbe. In June, 
 1868, Rev. Gabriel Campbell took charge and 
 served as acting pastor until June, 1869. Then 
 for a few months there was no regular supply. In 
 December, 1869, Rev. Egbert B. Bingliam took 
 charge as acting pastor, and remained until 
 August, 1870, when he resigned on account of ill 
 health ; he was succeeded by Rev. James Tomp- 
 kins as supply, who acted in that capacity until 
 May 15, 1872. From this date till February, 1873, 
 the church was without an acting pastor. On 
 February 11, 1873, Rev. George M. Landon was 
 invited to become pastor. He aceeiited the call 
 and although not installed, seiTed as pastor elect 
 until May, 1875. On the 6th of July, 1875. Rev. 
 E. ]SI. Williams received a call which he accepted, 
 and is the present incumbent. The services of 
 the church were 'first held in a school building 
 erected by the town of St. Anthony as a pledge 
 of the University yet to be. This building stood 
 between University Avenue and A\hat is now 
 known as Macalester College, but it lias long 
 since disappeared. The house of worship fii-st 
 built by the society was located near the corner 
 of Central Avenue and Fourth street, where it 
 still stands. The l)asenient was first occupied as a 
 place of worship from January 16, 1853, but the 
 upper part was not completed until the following 
 year, when it was dedicated February 15, 1854.
 
 474 
 
 HISTORY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 The present house of worship on the comer of 
 Fifth street and Third Avenue south-east was 
 dedicated June 28, 1S74. 
 
 The l^lymouth Congregational Church in Mm- 
 neapoUs, ^[iunesota, was orgiinized April 28th, 
 18o7. with eighteen memhei-s: one of these came 
 by profession, two by letter from the First Pres- 
 byterian church of this city, and the othei-s from 
 Congregational and Presbyterian churches ia the 
 eastern and middle states. Of this number, eight 
 still remain membei-s of the church. The iiret 
 pastor was Rev. Xorman ^IcLeod, who continued 
 with the chiurch from its organization untU May, 
 18.59. From that time the pulpit was supplied 
 chiefly by Rev. H. C. Atwater, untU the settle- 
 ment of Rev. H. il. Xichols, as pastor in Decem- 
 hsv, 1859. The sudden and melancholy death of 
 Rev. Mr. Xichols by drowning on July oth, 1860. 
 shrouded the chiu-ch with gloom, and again left 
 it without a pastor. Rev. W. B. Dada and Rev. 
 David Eastman, then successively supplied the 
 pulpit until October. 1862, when Rev. Charles C. 
 Salter began his ministry here, and was installed 
 pastor in Septembr, 1864. April oth, 1869. Rev. 
 Mr. .Salter resigned his pastorate, and was dis- 
 missed by a mutual council convened on the 14th 
 of the same month. The next pastor was Rev. 
 Henry A. Stimson. who began his labors Decem- 
 ber 1st, 1869, and was ordained and installed as 
 pastor ilay, 2.5th, 1870. He continued his labors 
 until September 1st, 1880, when he asked fora dis- 
 mission which was granted b\ a council called 
 for that pui-pose. The first house of worship 
 which stood on the comer of Nicollet Avenue and 
 Fourth street, was dedicated December 22d, 
 1858, and was destroyed by an incendiary tire 
 on the night of AprU 3d. 1860, m retalliatiou as 
 is believed, for the faithfuhiess and activity of 
 the pastor. Rev. H. M. Nichols, in the cause of 
 temperance. A new building was erected on the 
 site and dedicated September 13th. 1863. In 
 1866, it was enlarged by increasing its length, and 
 by the addition of galleries, thus providing about 
 two hundred and fifty additional sittings. In 
 1870, the steady increase of the congregation 
 made it apparent that a still larger building 
 would soon be needed. Accordingly a new site 
 was purchased on the comer of Nicollet Avenue 
 and Eighth street,a building committee appointed, 
 and actual preparations commenced for the erec- 
 
 tion of a new building. After various delays, the 
 comer stone of the present church edifice was 
 laid, and the completed building was detUeated 
 October 10th, ls75. Its seating capacity is twelve 
 hundred, and it fills an important place in the so- 
 cial and religious life of our city. 
 
 Second Congregational Church. In tlie sprmg 
 of 1866, Rev. C. C. Salter, with the aid of mem- 
 bei-s of the Plymouth Church, and persons in the 
 lower part of the city, and very generous contri- 
 l)utions from parties in the Ea«t. succeeded in 
 raising funds sufficient to warrant the founding 
 of a mission Sunday-school. A fractional lot on 
 the corner of Fourth and "\'ine street (now Fif- 
 teenth Avenue south) was purchased, and a build- 
 mg 26x40 erected, at a cost of SI ,795.33. The 
 school was opened May 14th, 1866. with O. B. 
 King, superintendent. Rev. A. U. Carrier came 
 and labored imtil ilay, 1867, when he was suc- 
 ceeded by Rev. "WilHam Leavitt, who suppUed the 
 pulpit imtil November 14th, 1869. In the mean- 
 time the Sunday-school had ijicreased to such an 
 extent that it was deemed expedient to organize a 
 church, and a council was called by letters dated 
 September 24th, 1867. The council met October 
 9th, 1867, Rev. A. K. Packard, moderator; and 
 Rev. E. S. Williams, scribe. After a careful 
 view of the history of the work and the need of 
 it in that part of the city, it was moved by Rev. 
 E. S. AVilliams that the church be organized in 
 accordance with the petition. The motion was 
 unanimously canied. Rev. Messrs. HaU. Dudley 
 and Brown were appointed a committee to call a 
 meeting for the public recognition of the church. 
 The council met, October 14th. and the church, 
 consisting of twenty members, was duly organ- 
 ized with appropriate exercises. The organiza- 
 tion had thus far been known as "Plymouth 
 Chapel,"" but at a meeting held October 20th, 
 1867, it was voted that it be called the ■■"\"ine 
 Street Congi-egatioual Chm'ch."" During the pas- 
 torate of Mr. Leavitt. the number of members in- 
 creased from twenty to thirty-five. ^Mr. Lea\-itt 
 was succeeded by Rev. Prescott Fay, who occu- 
 pied the pulpit for two years, resigning November 
 18th, 1871. Rev. Horace Burnsted commenced 
 his labors in this church Febmary 4th, 1872, and 
 continued until March 1st, 1875. Previous to 
 tliis, the increase of the congregation and Sunday- 
 school had made it jiecessary to provide more
 
 UNIVEBSALIST CHURCHES. 
 
 475 
 
 ample accommodations. Two lots, at the corner 
 of Eighth street and Thirteenth Avenue south, 
 were secured, and the work of erecting a new 
 church was begun. The basement, consisting of 
 lectme-room, class-rooms and kitchen, was com- 
 pleted in July, 1874, since which it has been occu- 
 pied ))y the church. The building is veneered 
 with cream shade brick ; it stands about eighty 
 feet in extreme length by seventy feet in breadth, 
 and will seat •'5(50 jiersons in the auditorium. The 
 name of the church has also been changed to 
 " The Second Congregational Church of Minne- 
 apolis." At a meeting of the church held May 
 24th, 1875, it was unanimously voted to extend to 
 Kev. E. S. Williams a call to become its pastor. 
 The call was accepted, and he has continued as 
 pastor until the present time. During this pe- 
 riod of two years, seventy-one have been added 
 to its membership — thirty-nine on profession of 
 faith and thirty-two by letter. The Sunday- 
 school, which at first numbered twenty-sLx schol- 
 ars, has steadily increased, and in 1877 numbered 
 two hundred. 
 
 Pilgrim Church is located at the corner of 
 Washington Avenue and Fourteenth Avenue 
 north. On the 29th day of September, 1873, this 
 church was organized, with twenty-two members 
 Rev. C. A. Hampton was the first pastor, who 
 resigned January 14th, 1879, succeeded by Rev. 
 G. A. Hood, in March, 1879. During that time 
 the church steadily increased, so that it has 
 passed from a mission chapel into a neat and 
 commodious churcli, which is now self-sustaining 
 with a membersliip of aliout ninety. The Suij^ 
 day-school, which was the nucleus around which 
 the iiresent church was formed, was a mission 
 from Plymoutli Church, and now numbers about 
 one hundred and forty. ]\lr. Horace Layton su- 
 perintendent. This is but another repetition of 
 past history in the life's work of earnest men. 
 
 I'^IIVKKSALIST. 
 
 The first Universalist Society of St. Anthony 
 was organized at the school-house in St. Anthony 
 on Siniday, the 28th day of August, 18.53. (4. B. 
 Dutton was called to the chair, and Daniel L. 
 Paine, elected clerk. The object of the meeting 
 was stated by one of the members. Reuben Ball 
 was elected treasurer and collector tor the cur- 
 rent year, and the following executive committee 
 
 was then elected; Stephen Cobb, M. W. Getebell 
 and J. B. Bassett; Rev. ]Mr. 15arnes, pastor. At a 
 meeting called in Central hall, St. Anthony, 
 February 3d, 1856, the society was re-organized 
 with John L. Lovejoy for president, and J. II. 
 Lennon, secretary. At the annual meeting held 
 February 2d, 1859, Rev. Mr. Barnes tendered his 
 resignation as pastor of the society. May 17th, 
 1868, Rev. II. Bisbee was elected pastor of the 
 church. Felmiary 6tli, 1876, the society met with 
 president Lovejoy in the chair, and resolved that 
 the Rev. Mr. Plarrington he invited to come and 
 hold meetings in the spring, in order to determine 
 the question whether or not a pastor could be 
 maintained. Tins was the last meeting the .so- 
 ciety held. Circumstances over which the mem- 
 bers of the society had no control, caused them 
 to discontinue their meetings, and in 1877, they 
 sold their church building and grounds to the 
 French Catholics, and it is now known as the 
 Church of Our Lady of Lourdes. 
 
 The first meeting for organization of the ( 'liurch 
 of the Redeemer was held at the Cataract House, 
 October 24th, 1859, W. D. Washburn in the chair; 
 it was organized imder the name of First Uni- 
 versalist Society of Minneapolis. Among the 
 first members in 1854-5, were Judge Cornell and 
 wife, I. I. Lewis, George AV. Chowen, Isaac 
 Brown and John Jackins. Rev. D. Skimier 
 preached for a few months, when the Rev. J. W. 
 King was called and accepted the pastorate. 
 During his pastorate a church was built on the 
 corner of Fifth street and Fourth Avenue south, 
 and was dedicated in October, l.s66. Rev. I). M. 
 Reed of Illinois, preaching the dedication ser- 
 mon. On the first Sunday in July, Rev. J. II. 
 Tuttle of Chicago, preached his first i-ernion. 
 After eight years of his ministry the increasing 
 growth of the church necessitated a change for 
 larger accommodations. A committee was ac- 
 cordingly appointed and a new site for a church 
 was selected on the corner of Eighth street and 
 Second Avenue south, and work was commenced 
 on the present new and beautiful edifice in May, 
 1873. The work was pushed foi'ward as rapidly 
 as so elaborate a work could well be done, all tak- 
 ing an interest in the new house. Hon. W. D. 
 Washburn presented the society with an elegant 
 organ of the finest finish and tone, costing be- 
 tween three and four thousand dollars. After
 
 476 
 
 HTSTOBY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 tlie completion of the church a meeting was called 
 in July, 1876, and on a motion made, the new 
 church was named the "Church of the Re- 
 deemer," and was dedicated July 9th, 1876. 
 Rev. A. A. Minor, D. D., of Boston, ^lassachu- 
 setts, preachins the dedication sermon. Invoca- 
 tion by the Kev. IJoliert Collyer of C'liicago. It 
 is built of blue lime-stone in the gothic style of ar- 
 chitecture, with elegantly designed and stained 
 windows, and is a mar\'el of beauty in design 
 and architecture. Kev. J. H. Tuttle is pastor in 
 charge. 
 
 EPISCOPAL. 
 
 Church of (iethsemane. Protestant Episcopal, 
 is located on 5>eventli Avenue south, corner of 
 Fifth street. Tne first Episcopal service per- 
 formed in what is now Minneapolis, was a funeral 
 service by the Kev. Dr. (iear. in the old govern- 
 ment mill near the falls. April 4th, 1856, the 
 church of Getlisemane was organized by Kev. J. 
 S. Chamberlain, missionary at St. Anthony, who, 
 during the spring and summer of that year, held 
 services m a public hall on Helen street, organ- 
 ized with five communicants: Wardens, H. T. 
 Welles, M. L. Olds; vestrymen, W. J. Parsons, 
 I. Atwater, A. E. Ames. July, 1856. Kev. D. B. 
 Knickerbacker, present rector, was appointed 
 missionary of the domestic board, and was or- 
 dained priest, in Getlisemane Church July, 1857, 
 by Bishop Kemper. August 5tli, 1856, the corner 
 stone of Getlisemane Cliurch was laid, by the 
 Kev. Dr. Gear, then chaplain at Fort Snelling, 
 and the first sen-ice was held in the church De- 
 cember 7th of that year. At the time of the con- 
 secration of the church there were sixteen com- 
 municants. In 1858, the rectory and sexton's 
 house were built, and in 1865, the church was 
 enlarged and the parish school opened. The his- 
 tory of the church is one of steady growth and 
 prosperity There are now (1880) two hundred 
 and fifty communicants. The present officers are: 
 Rector, Rev. I). B. Knickerbacker. D. D.; rector's 
 assistant, Rev. J. A. Bevington, B. I).; senior 
 warden, I. Atwater; junior warden, O. T. Tuttle; 
 vestrymen, C. W. Putnam, M. D.; AV. B. Jack- 
 son, Jr.; E. H. llolbrook. Jr.; W. H. Chamber- 
 lain, John I. Black, W. D. Lawrence, II. D.; 
 treasurer, G. C. Farnham ; clerk, S. C. March ; 
 parish visitors, Sisters Annette Relf and Mrs. D. 
 E. Spooner. Connected with the church is a 
 
 Sunday-school, of which the rector is superin- 
 tendent, having an average attendance of about 
 225 scholars. The following is a description of 
 the missions in the city under charge of (iethse- 
 mane Church: 
 
 St. Andrew's Church, Xorth Minneapolis, is 
 located at the corner of Washington and Eigh- 
 teenth Avenues north. Services were com- 
 menced in 1857 and continued until the present 
 time under the care of the clergy of Getlisemane. 
 Service is held every Sunday morning, and Sun- 
 day-school after morning service. There are 
 fifty families and fifty-five communicants. The 
 Sunday-scliool has seventy-five scholars enrolled. 
 
 Grace Chapel Mission is located on Franklin 
 Avenue, corner of Twenty-first .Vvenue south. 
 It was erected in 1877. at a cost of 52. .500; owned 
 and under the care of the Brotherhood of (ieth- 
 semane Church. Di\'ine service and Sunday- 
 school is held weekly at three o'clock p. m.; one 
 hundred children are enrolled. It is under the 
 care of Rev. D. B. Knickerbacker, D. D.. and as- 
 sistants. 
 
 Coimty Jail. — Mission services are held here 
 every Sunday afternoon by the Brotherhood of 
 Gethsemane Church. 
 
 Holy Trinity Church. Fourth Avenue south, 
 corner Sixth street was founded under the auspi- 
 ces of the associated mission which landed at Ft. 
 SneUing in 18.50, consisting of the Kev. James 
 Lloyd Breck. John Austin Merrick and Kev. 
 Timothy Wilcoxson. The first service in East 
 Minneapolis, then St. Anthony was held in July, 
 1850, by Rev. Timothy Wilcoxson. The corner 
 stone of the original church was laid by the 
 Rev. Dr. Breck, October 30th, 18-50. Rev. Father 
 Gear, chaplain at Fort Snelling, making the ad- 
 dress. First episcopal visitation was made by 
 Right Rev. Dr. Kemper on Sunday, August 4th. 
 1850. The parish was formally organized on 
 Easter Monday, 1852, first clergyman in charge, 
 Kev. Timothy Wilcoxson. October 1st, 18.52, 
 Kev. J. S. Chamberlain was assigned to duty at 
 St. Anthony, and several stations north and 
 south; Kev. D. B. Knickerbacker afterwards pas- 
 tor of Getlisemane parish, and Bishop elect of 
 Arizona, was sent out to aid Rev, Mr. Chamber- 
 lain and remained in charge until 1857. He was 
 succeeded by Kev. Charles Woodward as rector 
 from 1857 to "59. The rectorship -was vacant
 
 EPISCOPAL CHURCHES. 
 
 477 
 
 from '59 to '60, when Rev. H. A. Neely assumed 
 temporary charge until May Sth, 1861. Rev. Mr. 
 Kiiickerbacker resumed the care of the parish 
 until 1862. In 1863, Re v. A. Spor became rector, 
 remained until I860; Rev. Dr. Smallwood suc- 
 ceeded, wlio died universally regretted, July 2d, 
 1869. The parish again became dependent upon 
 the care of Rev. Mr. Knickerbacker until Octo- 
 ber, 1867; Rev. A. Reves succeeded only to re- 
 main a short time. Rev. John Anketel succeed- 
 ed him for a brief period; Rev. G. L. Chase then 
 became rector, remaining until September, 1874, 
 at which time, after being twice called, he as- 
 sumed the wardenship of the Divinity school at 
 Faribault. Mr. Chase was assisted for several years 
 by the Rev. Charles H. Plummer, who was 
 succeeded in October, 1874, by Rev. Frank C. 
 Coolbaugh, who remained until October 4th, 
 1875. On December 4th, 1875, Rev. Theodore 
 M. Riley, of Philadelphia, was elected rector, and 
 entered upon his duties July 15th, 1876. Under 
 the rectorship of Rev. Mr. Chase, a new stone 
 church had been erected, which remained unfurn- 
 ished luitil 1876; carpets and pews were provided 
 in 1877; windows for the chancel were presented 
 by Mrs. Elizabeth Grow, of New York; furnish- 
 ed and without debt it awaited consecration, 
 which occured on ascension day. May .30th, 1878, 
 by Right Rev. Bishop Whipple. The sermon was 
 preached by Rev. C. W. Ward, of Winona, son 
 of the late Comodore Ward. The Font 
 now in use in the church, was made from 
 stone that fell from the top of St. Anthony Falls 
 in 1856. The altar somewhat enlarged, is the 
 original one in use in the days of Breck, Mer- 
 rick and Wilcoxson; the hell was purchased in 
 1854. The rectory just completed was erected 
 during the past year, largely through the kind 
 benevolence of Mrs. Caroline II. Delano, of Nia- 
 gara Falls, who donated one thousand dollars to- 
 ward the cozy structure; the remaining |500 was 
 contributed by the parish. 
 
 St. Mark's Chiirch was organized April 22d, 
 1868. The first service of the new parish was in 
 St. Mark's Chapel, in July, sermon by Rev. 
 E. S. Thomas, of Faribault. Rev. Mr. Thomas 
 was mianimously chosen the first rector, August 
 3d, which he declined. Rev. E. A. Bradley was 
 elected, and entered upon the duties of his office 
 in 1869, holding the rectorship for about eighteen 
 
 months. He resigned August 10th, 1870. The 
 new church was completed in December follow- 
 ing, and the first service in the new edifice was 
 held on Christmas day, at whicli time the total 
 amount of the church debt of seven thousand 
 dollars, was paid l)y the generous offerings of the 
 people. This new and beautiful structure was 
 consecrated September 21st, 1871, Bishop Whip- 
 ple officiating. Rev. Mr. Thomas resigned Janu- 
 ary 1st, 1875, succeeded by Rev. Mr. Corbett, D. 
 D., who resigned January 2d, 1880. In October, 
 1880, Rev. T. B. Wells, D. D., the present rector, 
 was elected. 
 
 St. Paul's Ei)iscopal Church, located on Henne- 
 pin Avenue, between Twelfth and Thirteenth 
 streets, was organized in June, 1880. For about 
 seven months meetings were jield in Elliott hall 
 on Nicollet Avenue lietween Washington Avenue 
 and Third street. The congregation purchased 
 its present site on Ileiniepin Avenue, and erected 
 their edifice which they occupied early in Novem- 
 ber, 1880. In July, the present rector, Rev. F. 
 W. Tomkius was called and took charge Septem- 
 ber 1st, 1880. The communicants number about 
 seventy-five, and are rapidly increasing. 
 
 Christ Church, Reformed Episcopal, is one of 
 the later organizations of the city. Its edifice is 
 "on Hennepin Avenue above Tenth street, and it 
 possesses one of the best organs in the city. Its 
 membership as yet is small. The officers are: 
 rector. Rev. Edward D. Neill; senior warden, W. 
 C. Baker; junior warden, George Markell; vestry- 
 men, Edwin Phillips, M. D., J. II. Bissell, .M. D., 
 W. W. McNair. 
 
 The German Lutheran. St. John's Church, is 
 located on First street between Sixth and Seventh 
 Avenues north-east. The first meeting was held 
 in a school-house, in June, 1867. Rev. Mr. Facht- 
 man was the first pastor. The church had six- 
 teen members. From various causes the mem- 
 bership has been reduced, and the church is at 
 present without a pastor. 
 
 Trinity Norwegian Danish Evangelical Luth- 
 eran Church is located on the corner of Fourth 
 street and Tenth Aveime south. Was organized 
 in 1868. by Rev. Paidson, who is now a resident 
 of Wilmar. The second pastor was Prof. W^ee- 
 naas ; the third. Prof. Sven Oftedal ; and the 
 fourth, G. Oftedal, the present incumbent. The 
 church was erected in 1871. The first member
 
 478 
 
 HISTORY OF HEKNEPIN COVNTY. 
 
 ship was about thirty. The present number is 
 450. There is a religious school held in this 
 church about two and a half months in the year; 
 also a a Sunday-schoDl weekly. 
 
 Our Savior's Chiu-eh. Xorwegian Evangelical 
 Lutheran, located on the corner of Washington 
 and Tenth Avenue south, was organized in 1S69, 
 by Rev. Zlvisaker, with about six members. He 
 remained about three years, and was succeeded 
 by Kev. A. II. Stub. In 1878, the present in- 
 cumbent. O. P. A'augsiies. was called to this 
 charge. The voting membership is about one 
 hundred. 
 
 Emanuel Church. Xorwegian Evangelical Lu- 
 theran, located on First street between Cen- 
 tral and First Aveimes north-east It is an 
 outgrowth from the church of 'Our Savior." 
 and was organized liy Rev. A. II. Stub, to ac- 
 commodate tlie Xorwegian population on the 
 east side. Rev. Mr. Stub was succeeded by the 
 Rev. O. P. A'augsnes. who is now in charge. 
 
 Swedish Evangelical Lutheran Mission Church 
 is located on the corner of Fourth street and 
 Eighth Avenue south; was organized in 1874, by 
 by Rev. Charles Youngqxist. who remained six 
 months: was then supplied occasionally until 1877, 
 when Rev. A. Lidman took charge, remaining 
 until tlie arrival of the Rev. C. E. Tornqvist' 
 August, 1880. First worehipped on the comer of 
 Sixth street and Seventeenth Avenue south, in a 
 church sold to Father Power of the Holy Rosary 
 Cluucli. In 1879. a church was erected on the 
 corner of Fourtli street and Eiglith Avenue south, 
 and dedicated the same year. "Was organized 
 with eight families. Tlie communicants now 
 number 175. 
 
 St. Johu"s Church, tierman Evangelical, is lo- 
 cated on the corner of Sixteenth Avenue north 
 and Tliird street, and was organized in 1872, by 
 Rev. Louis Rague of St. Paul. Having no edi- 
 fice, met in private houses, and was occassionally 
 visited by Rev. Rague. In 1874 Rev. L. H. 
 Buelirig was appointed pastor. In 187.5 the land 
 on which the neat Uttle church and parsonage is 
 located was purchased and the church erected the 
 same year. Rev. Buehrig remained till May 1st, 
 1878. For a few months there was no regular 
 preaching. August 8lh, 1878, Rev. II. Fleer took 
 charge of the work and now remains pastor. 
 
 During the vacation of the public schools ]SIr. 
 
 Fleer has a select school in the church for about 
 three months in the year. Reading, wniting, 
 mental arithmetic, spelling, etc., are taught. 
 
 Trinity ("liurch, tierman Evangelical Lutheran, 
 is located on the corner of Xinth Avenue south 
 and Fourth street. In 18-56, Ferdinand Sievere 
 was sent here by the Missouri SjTiod to Investi- 
 gate, and finding a number of his countrymen 
 here without a pastor or church organization, he 
 consented to preach a few times, thereby forming 
 the nucli;:s of the present Trinity church. After 
 his return home, the society was visited by Rev. 
 E. G. Miessler,then amissionarv" from Michigan. 
 The first regular pastor was Rev. John Ilorst. 
 who took cliarge in 1859. coming here from Fort 
 Wayne, Indiana, remaining till the summer of 
 186.3: moved to Cioodhue county, leaving the 
 church without a regular supply. Rev. Paul 
 Rupi)recht preached occasionally, after which 
 Rev. Eniest Rolf, of St. Paid, took the charge 
 until March. 1868, when Rev. William Fredrich 
 supplied the pulpit until the health of Rev. .lohn 
 Herzer permitted him to resume, and he contin- 
 ued his labore until July 6th, 1879, when the pres- 
 ent incumbent. .Mr. Poell. arrived. The church 
 was built in 1868. and dedicated in September of 
 the same year. At that time there were only 
 sixteen members: at present the voting member- 
 ship is sixty. 
 
 St. Paul's Xorwegian Evangelical Lutheran 
 church, located on the corner of Fourth street 
 and Fifteenth A^•enue south, was organized July 
 6th, 1872, by Mr. Berg, pastor, with twenty-six 
 members. From the first organization to the 
 present time they have had three pastors. Rev. 
 Mr. Karlson is the present pastor. Have a Sun- 
 day-school that was organized in 1874; present 
 membership forty-five, with L. Johnson superin- 
 tendent. 
 
 The Cierman Evangelical Association is located 
 on the comer of Fourth street and Sixth Avenue 
 north. The first meeting was held at a private 
 residence corner of Third street and Hennepin 
 Avenue in July, 1870, with three members, G. H. 
 Knebel first pastor. Bishop Whipple kindly 
 offered them tlie use of the chiuTh, corner of 
 Fourth street and Hennepin Avenue. The 
 church in whicli they worshipped was to be 
 moved, obUging them to seek quarters elsewhere. 
 Bv the action of the conference held in St. Paul.
 
 LUTHERAN CHURCHES. 
 
 479 
 
 steps were taken to secure property of their own, 
 and iu August following, a lot was purchased cor- 
 ner of Fourth street and Fourth Avenue north, 
 and in September following, work was begun, and 
 in November the church was completed and dedi- 
 cated, Kev. A. Hudster, D. D., of the Northwest- 
 ern College at Napierville, IlUnois, offleiating. 
 June ]2tli, 1872, a permanent organization was 
 made. In 1873, Bev. J. Manthey came as pastor; 
 during his three years of labor the church grew 
 and prospered. In 1876, Rev. W. Stegner was 
 stationed here for three years. In that time the 
 lot on which the chiu'ch stood was sold to the 
 Minneapolis and St. Louis Railway. Immediately 
 thereafter, the present site was purchased, the 
 church building moved and repaired; in the same 
 year a parsonage was built at a cost of SI ,200. In 
 
 1879, Mr. Stegner was elected presiding elder, 
 and succeeded by Rev. J. G. Ilaller, under whom 
 the Church has grown largely; also the Sunday- 
 school. The parishioners have worked with com- 
 mendable zeal. 
 
 A parochial school, in connection with Trinity 
 Church, corner of Fourth street and Tenth Ave- 
 nue south, has been conducted since the founding 
 of the chiu'ch. At first it was taught by the 
 minister in charge, but in 1868, Frederick Droess- 
 ler taught three months and then the minister 
 again took charge until August 13tli, 1871, ^vhen 
 John Miller, a graduate of the Teachers' Semi- 
 nary at Addison, Cook county, Illinois, was en- 
 gaged. He was succeeded, April 1st, 1873, by 
 Fred Lotlunan, of Cleveland, Ohio, and on Sep- 
 tember 1st, 1874, John W. Doell, the present in- 
 cumbent took charge. The building is located 
 near the church on the grounds of the society. 
 The branches taught are religion, German and 
 English reading, arithmetic, grammar, vocal 
 music, United States history, translation and 
 drawing. 
 
 Lutheran School Association. In September, 
 
 1880, an educational association was formed un- 
 der the supervision of Rev. O. P. Vaugsnes. Tlie 
 object of this organization is teaching of children 
 of both sexes in religion and branches usually 
 taught in a graded school. School is taught ten 
 months of the year, in the basement of the Meth- 
 odist Episcopal church, corner of Fourth Avenue 
 south and Fifth street. 
 
 In connection with Augustana church, a relig- 
 
 ious day school is held in the church about four 
 months in the year. The branches taught are 
 reading, Biljle history and catechism. 
 
 Tlie Friends held their lirst meeting in the 
 summer of ISoO, with idiout twelve members, 
 who assemliled in an upper liall on First street, 
 in a building belonging to Joel Bassett. Daniel 
 Bassett "head of the meeting" holdmg meetings 
 in that place for two or three years. In 18-57, they- 
 built the present church on Hennepin Avenue 
 and Eighth street, and have a membership of 
 about one himdred and twenty. 
 
 The Church of Christ, of Minneapolis, owes 
 its organization to the following circumstances. 
 Early in the month of February, 1877, the Chris- 
 tian Missionary Society of Minnesota, an institu- 
 tion incorporated under the laws of the state by 
 the religious people commonly known as Disci- 
 ples, sent to the city of Minneapolis, its then 
 presiding elder, J. LaGrange, to ascertain who, if 
 any of its residents were of their faith, and to 
 organize if possible, a church. After some ef- 
 forts several were found, and an interview was 
 appointed for the evening of February 14th, at 
 the house, A. T. Ankeny. At this interview the 
 following members were present; Elder La 
 Grange, Mr. and ISIrs. S. B. Mattison, Mrs. O. C. 
 Wyman, Mrs. W. S. Atkinson. It was then de- 
 termined to continue the work of inipiiry. In 
 the month of May following, under the invita- 
 tion of the brethren, they were visited by Elder 
 N. A. McConnell, of Iowa, by whom a series of 
 meetings was conducted at the chapel of the 
 New Jerusalem Church on the corner of Ninth 
 street and Fifth Avenue south. As a result of 
 those labors, the Church of Christ was formed, to 
 be governed in all things by the Holy Scriptures. 
 From that time forward, the public services were 
 regular, and the following persons have 
 acted as pastors; Elders, E. T. C. Bennett, 
 W. H. Rogers and W. II. Jeffries. The 
 trustees are S. B. ^lattison, O. C. Wyman and 
 A. T. Ankeny, deacons, 1). W. Egan, J. W. Bird- 
 well. Dr. L. W. Denton and O. A. Slafter. The 
 present membership is seventy-six. As adjuncts 
 to the churcli are a llourshiug Bible school and 
 Womans Aid Society; services are held every first 
 day of the week at the chapel, corner Ninth 
 street and Fifth Avenue south. It is the expec- 
 tation of this church to erect an edifice for wor-
 
 480 
 
 HISTORY OF HEXNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 ship at as early a day as circumstances will al- 
 low. 
 
 The Advent Christian rinirch. Fourth street, 
 between Fifth and Sixth Avenues north, was or- 
 ganized with Hev. II. F. BeiTick, firet pastor. 
 Present ehurch edifice was erected in 1870. The 
 officiating clerg\inan. Hev. W. J. Brusell, com- 
 menced his lahoi-s in 1879. They have a member- 
 •ship of about forty; also a Sunday-school with an 
 average attendence of forty; Mr. J. Colter, super- 
 intendent. 
 
 The Hebrew Reformed Congregation is located 
 near the corner of First Avenue south and Fifth 
 sti-eet. This society rented a hall on Hennepin 
 Avenue in 1878, where they worshiped for two 
 years, with the Kev. Dr. Friedman for their 
 pastor for the first year, who was then succeeded 
 by Rev. Dr. Shreierfor one year. Their constant- 
 ly increasing numbers obliged them to build a 
 synagogue, at a cost of S6,.500, which was ded- 
 icated in the winter of 1880. It is built in 
 the Oriental style of architecture. After its 
 dedication, the Rev. Dr. Iliowizi, a highly cul- 
 tured man, was called and accepted the charge. 
 
 CHAPTER LXXIII. 
 
 lsEWSP.\PEl{S— COfRTS AND 15AK. 
 
 St. Anthony Express, weekly. To the St. An- 
 thony Express, belongs the honor of the title of 
 Father of the Press at the falls of St. Anthony. 
 The first inimber was issued on Saturday of the 
 last week in May, 1851. It was published in 
 weekly form, indeed there was no daily publica- 
 tion in the tenitory initil six years later. Our 
 well known fellow citizen. Judge Isaac Atwater 
 edited, and E. Tyler pubhshed the paper. In the 
 spring of 1852, Judge Atvvater bought out his 
 partner and continued the publication of the sheet 
 until 1858, wlien it was removed to Shakopee, 
 having been sold to Judge McDonald. 
 
 Minnesotii Republican, weekly. On Ajiril 12th, 
 1855, C. G. Ames, editor, and D. L. Paine, pub- 
 lisher, stai-ted the Minnesota Republican, which 
 ran with varying success until it was sold to 
 
 Croffut and Clark and finally, on January 6th, 
 1858, merged into the State Xews. 
 
 Falls Evening Xews, daily. Messrs. Croffut 
 and Clark were the first to launch their bark upon 
 the sea of daily journalism ; on whose rocks and 
 shoals so many promising crafts have been ship- 
 wTecked. September 28th, 1856, they began the 
 publication of the daily. Falls Evening Xews. In 
 April, 1861, the daily, after a hard struggle, sank 
 from view. The weekly edition, known as the 
 State X'ews. continued however, two years longer. 
 
 Xorth-AVestern Democrat, weekly. AV.A.Hotch- 
 kiss, started the North-Western Democrat, the first 
 paper issued west of the river, during the month 
 of August, 1855. This sheet continued until 
 
 1857, when Joel B. Bassett purchased it, after- 
 wards selling to W. F. Russell of Shakopee. 
 
 The Gazette, weekly, ilr. Russell removed to 
 Minneapolis and christened his venture The Ga- 
 zette. Only a year later, Mr. Bassett again ob- 
 tained possession of the sheet, selling it shortly 
 afterwards, when it was merged into the Journal. 
 
 Minneapolis Journal, weekly. In 1858, C. H. 
 Pettit and John G. Williams having bought the 
 Gazette, rejuvenated it under the name of the 
 Minneapolis Journal. l)ut it was short lived, being 
 swallowed up by the State Atlas in 1859. 
 
 The Plain Dealer, weekly. On the 5th of April 
 
 1858, Horace E. Purdy issued the Plain Dealer, 
 democratic in principle. Seventeen months later 
 it was removed to La Crosse. 
 
 State Atlas, weekly. May 28th, 1859, the in- 
 domitalile William S. King started the State At- 
 las. Col. King had a severe struggle, but by hard 
 w'ork and with the aid of his personal endeavor 
 as sole proprietor and editor, he earned his enter- 
 prise safely until 1.S67, when the Daily Tribune 
 engulphed it. 
 
 The Chronicle, daily. On June 22d, 1866, a 
 publishing company composed of Jolui H. Stevens 
 and others, began the weekly Chronicle. Three 
 months later the first number of the Daily Chron- 
 icle was issued. In ilay of the following year 
 the paper passed into the Tribmie vortex, wliich 
 sucked down so many cotemporaries. 
 
 The Cataract and Agriculturist, weekly. Col. 
 J. II. .Stevens and F. Belfoy. the latter now of 
 Litchfield, issued the first number of the Cataract 
 and Agrioulturist, on August 23d, 1857. R. H. 
 Couwell bought the paper in February. 1868.
 
 NEVVSPAPEBS. 
 
 48] 
 
 North Star, weekly. Mr. Conwell poiitinued 
 liis purchase, the Cataract and Agi-iculturist, un- 
 der the title of North Star. 
 
 The Independent, weekly. In the fall of 1868, 
 
 C. M. Landon purchased ilr. Conwell's Korth 
 Star and continued the ]uil)lieation under the 
 name of the Independent. Tliis sheet lived two 
 years. 
 
 Daily Star. R. H. Conwell tried his hand at daily 
 journalism hy starting a campaign repidjlican 
 paper on June 5th, 1868. Tlie paper lasted just 
 five months. 
 
 The Tribune, daily. In the year 1867, Minne- 
 apolis journalism had dwindled down to two pub- 
 lications, the State Atlas and the Daily Chronicle. 
 In May of the year mentioned, a stock company, 
 called the Tribune Printing Company, was 
 formed, consisting of some of the leading Kepub- 
 licans of the city, prominent among whom were 
 
 D. Morrison. W. I). Washburn, Dr. L. Butler, J. 
 S. Pillsbiiry, W. S. King, L. P. Plummer, and a 
 number of others. This company, with a capital 
 stock of §2-5,000. purchased the Minneapolis field, 
 together with the good will and chattels of the 
 Atlas and Chronicle, and on Saturday, May 25th, 
 1867, issued the first number of The Daily Trib- 
 une, with full telegraphic dispatches, and an able 
 corps of editors, with John T. Gilman as chief. 
 Mr. Oilman's connection with the Tribune lasted 
 tlu'ee months, when he was succeeded by George 
 K. Shaw. About the year 1870, Hugh W. Greene 
 was placed in charge of the paper. Mr. Greene 
 was followed Ijy Mr. Powell, Major Ilowell, W. A. 
 Croft'ut, Clifford Thompson, and J. P. Rea as ed- 
 itors, in the order given. May 2d, 1876, through 
 the pressure of financial circumstances, the Pio- 
 neer Press obtained conti'ol of the Triljune's asso- 
 ciated press franchise, and its entire good will and 
 effects. The Evening Mail was about the same 
 time swallowed up b>' the insatiate monster. 
 The great consolidated sailed for a time under the 
 head of " The Pioneer Press and Tribune. 
 The name was soon, however, reduced to its 
 present title. The Pioneer Press, printed and 
 edited in St. Paul, and circulated in both cities, 
 St. Paul and Minneapolis. This successful couj) 
 d' etat, by which St. Paul citizens controlled the 
 entire field and franchises of Minneapolis daily 
 journalism, resulted in the greatest indignation on 
 
 the part of the people. Twelve of the best citi- 
 31 
 
 zens formed a syndicate to, if possible, remedy 
 the evil, and did actually, for a time, obtain under 
 an iron-clad mortgage held by Judge Woods, of 
 Ohio, the custody of the property. An indigna- 
 tion meeting was held at the Academy of Music, 
 and sentiments anything but complimentary to 
 the Pioneer Press action were freely vented. 
 The efforts of " the twelve apostles,"' as they 
 were dubbed, failed of any practical result, save 
 that the Evening Tribune was placed in the field 
 in lieu of the Evening Mail, under the editorial 
 management of David Blakely, whose conduct of 
 the paper, it must be said, has but reflected credit 
 upon that gentleman. In May, 1880, after many 
 delayed attempts, the Tribune was issued as a 
 morning daily eight-page paper, with full tele- 
 graphic franchise, and every promise of supply- 
 ing the much needed and long talked of morning 
 daily, strictly in the interests of Minneapolis. 
 The editorial force consists of D. Blakely and A. 
 B. Nettleton, editors and proprietors, Amos Jor- 
 dan, news editor, J. N. Niud, city editor, and a 
 corps of three trained reporters. The weekly 
 edition of the Tribune has reached a circulation 
 throughout the north-west. 
 
 The Farmer's Union, weekly. August 1st, 
 1867, W. A. Nimocks, publisher, and Col. J. II. 
 Stevens, editor, started the Farmer's Union. In 
 December, two years later, Mr. Ximocks sold out 
 to Col. Stevens. Up to January 1st, 1872, the 
 Union had been issued as a monthly, but on that 
 date it began its existence as a weekly, as it has 
 since continued. August 1st, 1873, W. J. Aber- 
 nethy purchased the paper, running it with 
 marked success until July 1st, 1876, when it be- 
 came involved in the general downfall of Minne- 
 apolis journals, Ijeing absorbed by the Pioneer 
 Press, and joined with the Tribune's weekly as 
 the Weekly Tribune and Farmer's Union. 
 
 St. Anthony Falls Democrat, weekly. The 
 first number of tlie St. Anthony Falls Democrat 
 was issued in October, 1869, by Ovid Pinney and 
 otliers, with Rev. H. Bisbee as editor. In the 
 month of June following, Mr. Pinney assumed 
 entire charge, afterwards leasing to J. J. Green. 
 
 Minneapolis Democrat, weekly. Mr. Green 
 I'hanged the name of the paper to the Miimeapo- 
 lis Democrat, and continued its publication until 
 1873, when its good-will was sold to the Evening 
 Times
 
 482 
 
 mSTORY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 Miinieapolis Free Will Baptist. This publica- 
 tion, appearinc; once in three months, was edited 
 by Rev. A. 1). Williams, the first number being 
 issued about April, of I80O. and li\ed liut about 
 a year. 
 
 Minnesota Pupil, weekly. In 1808, W. T. 
 Hatch started the IMinnesota Pupil in the inter- 
 ests of education, but like so many others it was 
 destined to die. and dropped out of sisht about 
 187.5. 
 
 Temperance Advocate, weekly. Rev. Mr. 
 >[anley dedicated the Temperance AdviH'ate to 
 the tee-totaler's cause, issuing the lirst number in 
 1869. The Advocate lasted about two years, 
 then went the way of the rest. 
 
 The Citizen, weekly. The Citizen, claiming to 
 be luisectarian, was in fact devoted to the cause 
 of Christianity. The first number appeared Jan- 
 uary 1st, 1874. It was published in pamphlet 
 form of twenty pages, and edited by Prof. Camp- 
 bell, of the State University faculty. Douglass & 
 Donaldson purchased the paper in 1875, and after 
 a series of legal complications and business mis- 
 takes, it suspended in ^Nlarcli. 1878. 
 
 Liberty Blade, weekly. August 1st, 1877, J. C. 
 Irvin moved the Liberty Blade from St. Paul. 
 The paper was devoted to temperance, and was 
 for some time nui in the interests of the Good 
 Templars' lodges. Early in 1879, llev. AV. AV. 
 Satterlee, noted for his energetic adherence to the 
 temperance cause, purchased the paper, and con- 
 ducted it in his usual vigorous style until late in 
 the fall, when it was united with the Waseca 
 Radical. 
 
 ^Minnesota Beacon, semi-monthly. On January 
 6th, 1858, L. Mel. Hyde and Rev. Mr. Williams 
 issued the first number of a semi-monthly, enti- 
 tled the Minnesota Beacon. After one volume 
 the name and issue was changed. 
 
 Rural Minnesotian, weekly. At the conclusion 
 of the first volume of the jMinnesota Beacon, the 
 name was changed to the Rural Minnesotian, and 
 the issue was made weekly. Expired at the be- 
 ginning of the war, 1861. 
 
 Minneapolis Freie Press, weekly. The Freie 
 Press is the only German paper published in 
 Minneapolis. The paper was started November 
 13th. 1809, by Lambert Xaegel publisher, and T>. 
 A. Ilinsch as editor. 
 
 Evening News, daily. June 3d, 1871, George 
 
 K. Shaw issued the first number of the Minne- 
 apolis Daily Evening News. Two years later 
 Pliny Bartlett purchased the News and consoli- 
 dated the paper with the Times under the name 
 of the Times and News, a title which was shortly 
 afterwards dropped, the issue being continued 
 under the name of the Evening Times. 
 
 Evening Times, daily. In 1872, PUny Bartlett 
 started the Evening Times, with Frank J. ISIead 
 as editor. In June, 1873, the Evening News was 
 purchased and for a time the issue was published 
 under the title of Times and News. This name 
 was subsequently dropiied and a stock company 
 was formed, to run the Evening Times as a dem- 
 ocratic daily, with the late Edward Murphy as 
 president. December 20th, 1873, W. S. King 
 closed \\\i the concern luider a chattel mortgage. 
 
 Evening !Mail, daily. In 1874, the Evening 
 Mail was started luidcr the auspices of the Trib- 
 une with Clifford Thompson as editor. About 
 two weeks later the Mail was purchased by W. 
 A. Cruffut, and one week afterwards, Johnson & 
 Smith liought a half interest in the paper. About 
 a year later Mr. Croffut disposed of his interest to 
 the firm mentioned, and in May, 1876, the Mail 
 was sold to T. S. King, who acted in the piuchase 
 as the agent of the Pioneer Press, 
 
 Minnesota, weekly. Solberg and Eger started 
 the Minnesota, a weekly Norwegian paper, No- 
 vember 1st, 1871, merged in the Budstikken two 
 years later. 
 
 Lutheraneren, bi-monthly. TheLulheraneren 
 was moved from Wisconsin to Minneapolis in 
 July, 1872, by Rev. G. Sverdrup. in the interests 
 of the Norwegian Lutheran church. 
 
 Budstikken, weekly. September 2d. 1873. P. II. 
 Hanson and Company started the Budstikken, a 
 Norwegian paper. The pulilication was subse- 
 quently controlled by Gudman F. Johnson and 
 J. E. Gjedde; Lute Jaeger is the editor. 
 
 ^laster-iSIechanic, monthly. Vernon Bell is- 
 sued the Master-Mechanic in 1871. Bell, Comstock 
 and Parsons subsequently formed a company to 
 nm the paper as a weekly. It soon expired. 
 
 Monday Morning News, weekly. II. E. Lawr- 
 ence attempted the publication of the Monday 
 Morning News, in 1875. The paper was short 
 lived, only a few numbers being issued. 
 
 Tourist and Sportsman, weekly. A.S. Dimond 
 started the Tourist and Sportsman, an illustrated
 
 NEWSPAPERS. 
 
 483 
 
 paper devoted to Minnesota pleasure resorts for 
 the summer months, in May of 1875. April 6tli, 
 1880, while published by Wilcox, Dimond and 
 Company, the paper was burned out. Tlie paper 
 is issued during the summer months. 
 
 Mississippi Valley Liunlierman, weekly. P. 
 B. Walker started the Mississippi Valley Lum- 
 berman, August 17th, 1876. Tlie paper is con- 
 ducted entirely in the interest of tlie lumbermen. 
 It has been repeatedly enlarged and seems to be in 
 a flourishing condition. 
 
 Tlie Pioneer Press. This paper belongs to 
 Mimieapolis by birth and native growth, as well 
 as by adoption. On the one hand, it represents, 
 it is true, the life and history of journalism in 
 St. Paul, from the first issue of the "St. Paul Pi- 
 oneer," April 28th, 1849, down to the date of 
 union of the Pioneer and the "St. Paul Daily 
 Press," April 11th, 1875. On the other hand, it 
 represents also the growth of journalism in Min- 
 neapolis, from the early days of the old "Nortli- 
 Western Gazette," down to tlie original "Minne- 
 apolis Tribune," with which the Pioneer Press 
 was consolidated iNIay 2d, 187B. The St. Paul 
 Pioneer had for several years previous to its 
 union with the Press, maintained a business 
 and editorial "Minneapolis department," but with 
 the union of 1876, an entirely new sy.stem was 
 established, which made it a more thorough rep- 
 resentative of the life and growth of JNliniieapo- 
 lis. In proprietary interests, and in editorial and 
 business management, both cities were properly 
 represented, and the new, or joint, policy estab- 
 lished, gave to both cities a widely circulated or- 
 gan. The average circulation of the Pioneer 
 Press is now lietween eleven and twelve thousand, 
 through Minnesota, Dakota, Montana, Manitoba, 
 northern Iowa and northern Wisconsin. The 
 Weekly Pioneer Press has, in addition to the in- 
 creasing circulation of the daily edition, reached 
 fourteen tliousand copies, which go into the 
 homes of the most intelligent and thrifty of the 
 farming population. This paper has lately se- 
 cured the entire control of a telegraphic wire be- 
 tween St. Paul and New York and Wasliington, 
 which gives them increased facilities for tlie 
 transmission of news. Tlie Pioneer Press is 
 conceded by all to be the leading and most pro- 
 gressive journal in the north-west. 
 
 Mhmesota Stats Tidning (The State Journal) 
 
 is a Swedish weekly which already ranks high 
 among the leading newspapers of the north-west. 
 Its founder and cliief editor, is Col. H. Mattson, 
 one of the pioneers of Minnesota. The first 
 number of the paper was dated January 4tb, 
 1877, was of twenty-eight pages, and came 
 out in an edition of 1,0(10 copies. From that 
 time it has steadily increased in prosperity and 
 influence, and now contains thirty-six large col- 
 umns, and nuinliers 4,o(iii regular subscribers. It 
 is republican in politics, American in spirit, and 
 a champion of tlie interests and honor of the 
 Scandinavian people of the state, which com- 
 prises one-sixth of the entire population. This 
 paper has its editorial rooms, office and compo- 
 sing rooms on the third floor of the City Hall 
 building, and is under the management of H. 
 jNIattson, chief editor and publisher. Axel 
 Dahlstrand, assistant editor, Alfr. Soderstrom, 
 business manager. 
 
 jSTordisk Folkeblad, weekly, was the first Scan- 
 dinavian paper published in the city. It was es- 
 tablislied at Rochester, in 1868, by F. S. Christ- 
 ensen, now commissioner of statistics, and was 
 removed to Minneapolis in 1878. It was con- 
 ducted by several different managers until 1875, 
 when it was consolidated with the " Skandina- 
 ven" in Chicago. In addition to this paper, there 
 has been the Farmer Tidends, Minnesota Xord- 
 vestern, Svenska Monitorin and Svenska Nybyz- 
 zaren. Tlie tliree first were published in the 
 Norwegian language, and the three latter in the 
 Swedish. All of tliem were of sliort duration. 
 
 Folkeliladet, weekly. Tlie first number of the 
 Folkebladet was issued July, 1877, by Prof. S. 
 Oftedal, president of Augsbm-g Seminary. The 
 paper is devoted to the educational interests of 
 the Norwegian people. 
 
 The Housekeeper, monthly. In the interests 
 of the Buckeye cook book, the Housekeeper was 
 first published in August of 1878. The little pa- 
 per has reached an immense sale. April 6tli, 
 1880, while pubUslied by Wilcox, Dimond and Co., 
 the paper was burned out and is now published 
 by Hoppin, Palmer and Dimond. The circula- 
 tion now aggregates 20,000. 
 
 Minnesota Farmer, monthly. September 18th, 
 1877, II. E. Newton issued the first number of 
 the Minnesota Farmer, a slieet which is still alive, 
 albeit struggling hard for an existence.
 
 484 
 
 HISTORY OF HEXNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 Minnesota Scandinava, weekly. The Scandin- 
 ava was first issued iXovember lotli, 1878, by Gen. 
 Hanson as a Xoiwpsian weekly. The publica- 
 tion lasted only about a year when it suspended 
 on account of the failing health of the editor. 
 
 Bell's Daily Times. Justus B. Bell issued the 
 Daily Times as a small advertising sheet for gra- 
 tiutous circulation from December 10th. 1 878. to 
 April 6th, 1880, wlien it fell a victim to the flames 
 in the Brackett's block fire. 
 
 Xorthwestern ^liller. weekly, ilarch 19th, 
 1879, Albert Hoppin. editor and proprietor, moved 
 the Xorthwestern Jliller from La Crosse to Jlin- 
 neapoUs. The paper is a neat twenty page pam- 
 phlet devoted to the milling interests of the 
 north-west and has proven a decided success. 
 During March of 1881. the issue reached 18,000 
 copies. 
 
 Evening Journal, daily. Tlie first issue of the 
 Evening Jomnal was made November 2d, 1878, 
 by Charles H. Stevens and Frank E. Curtis. The 
 paper was started as a three cent evening daily. 
 April 6th, 1880, the paper was burned out Lu the 
 Brackett's block disaster. A few days later the 
 Minnesota Printing Company, composed of -J. M. 
 and Geo.K. Shaw and W. A. and C. A.Ximocks, 
 bought the good wUl and circulation of the paper, 
 and shortly after, purchased the associated 
 press telegraphic franchise for the evening field. 
 The paper was enlarged and improved in every 
 department. The Evening .Journal at once as- 
 sumed the position of the leading evening news- 
 paper of the north-west. April 1st, 1881, they 
 moved into their new building, Xo. 10 "V^'ashing- 
 ton Avenue north, fully equipped with a double 
 cylinder, rapid running B. Hoe press, engine, 
 and all the facilities necessary to a first-class 
 modem journal. The editorial staff is made up 
 George K. Shaw, editor. Frank E. Ilesler, city- 
 editor, A. J. Gage. Jr.. telegrapli editor, and Geo. 
 X. Loomis state editor, besides a full corps of re- 
 porters and correspondents. 
 
 The Spectator, weekly. C. H. Dubois issued 
 the first number of the Spectator, a weekly fam- 
 ily paper of eight pages, on July 26th, 1879. The 
 Farm and Home was issued for a time as an ag- 
 ricultural edition of the Spectator, but its course 
 was short lived. The Spectator is issued ever}- 
 Saturday, and is one of the neatest papers, typo- 
 graphically, in the country. 
 
 State Index, weekly. Dr. DTnger started the 
 Trade Index about the year 1875, but shortly af- 
 ter changed the name to the State Index. The 
 publication proved disastrous to its owner, who 
 gave it up in sore extremity about three years 
 later, subsequently removing to Chicago, where 
 he has recuperated his faiUng fortimes through 
 his treatment of inebriates with the ■• cinchona 
 cure." 
 
 The Ariel, monthly. The Ariel is the college 
 pai>er edited l>y the students at the State Univer- 
 sity. The editoi-s are elected each year. The 
 publication reached its fourth volume in June, 
 1881. 
 
 True Flag, weekly. J. S. Rankin, a gentleman 
 of much learning, but little means, published for 
 a time several partizan papers, among them the 
 True Flag. They were all short lived. 
 
 The Penny Herald, daily. The Penny Herald 
 was first issued by J. H. Kowell about ilay loth, 
 1880, as a moi-ning one cent daily. After i-unning 
 for about six mouths, it was changed to the even- 
 ing field under the name of the Daily Herald. In 
 Jamian,-, 1880, "WiUard and Casseday purchased a 
 three-fourths interest in the paper. The Herald 
 depends upon correspondents and exchanges for 
 its telegraphic news. 
 
 Comic Pictorial, monthly. Geo. B. Hall issued 
 the first number of his Comic Pictorial, an eight 
 page illustrated paper, March, 1881. It is yet too 
 young for extended comment, but its future may 
 be easily anticipated. 
 
 Boys and Girls of Minnesota, weekly. AVill. 
 Beach edited and published the Boys and Girls 
 of Minnesota for about six months. The publi- 
 cation was a neatly illustrated pamphlet, quite 
 popular among children. In January, 1881, the 
 paper was burned out and suspended. 
 
 The :Mirror. weekly. In 1873. Ed. A. Stevens 
 started the illustrated Sunday Mirror, devoted to 
 the broadest personalities with the motto '■ We 
 will tell the truth, no matter who is hit.." The 
 publication was sulisequently changed to the 
 Gopher Mirror, then to the Daily ilirror. issued 
 every evening, and finally to the Hennepin County 
 Mu-ror. Late in 1880, Ed. A. Stevens sold the 
 entire interest in his paper to his brother. Chas. 
 H. Stevens. 
 
 Miimeapolis Weekly. The Minneapolis Week- 
 ly is publishe<l every Thursday by the Eagle
 
 COURTS AND BAR. 
 
 485 
 
 Publishing Company apparently, lint de facto by 
 E. H. Steele, as an advertising medium. The 
 first number was issued in November, 18S0. 
 
 Sunday Xews, weekly. In tlie month of 
 March, 1880, three young men, Messrs. Shultz, 
 Struby and Leader, who had formerly been con- 
 nected with the press in Bradford, Pa., came to 
 Minneapolis equipped with new type, a large cyl- 
 inder press and a complete newspaper outfit, but 
 unfortimately without that other component ne- 
 cessity—ready cash. They published just two 
 editions of the Sunday Morning Xews, when they 
 suspended, sold out and left for parts miknowii. 
 
 Homestead Monthly. January 1st, 1880, the 
 Homestead Company issued the first number of 
 the Minnesota Ilomesteail, a monthly, twenty- 
 page magazine. In November, 1880, Geo. W. 
 Jenks became sole proprietor. In December of 
 the same year the magazine was enlarged to 
 thirty-six pages, and the name changed to the 
 Homestead Monthly. 
 
 Temperance Beview, weekly. In February, 
 1881, L. Bixby moved the Owatonna Review 
 from Owatonna to Minneapolis, and associating 
 with Rev. W. \V. Satterlee as editor, on the 25th 
 of the same month, the Temperance Review was 
 issued. The paper retauis its Owatonna patron- 
 age, is radically temperance in its proclivities, 
 and hasaheady obtained a firm footing. 
 
 COUKTS AND liAK. 
 
 The early history of the courts and bar of Hen- 
 nepin county , furnishes perhaps, less salient points 
 of interest than that of most frontier counties in 
 western territories. The first settlers were most- 
 ly from the New England and Middle States, 
 were generally intelligent, moral, and accustomed 
 to the observance of law and order, and among 
 whom crimes of a serious nature were of rare 
 occurrence. They lirought their laws and cus- 
 toms with them, so that the removal to what was 
 then (1849) the extreme western frontier, scarcely 
 produced any change in their social and political 
 condition. That part of what is now Hennepin 
 county, lying east of tiie Mississippi river, was, 
 when the territory of Minnesota was organized 
 in 1849, a part of St. Croix county, Wisconsin, as 
 was also the country lying between it and the 
 state of AVisconsin. It was amenable to the 
 laws of that state, but, at that time there were 
 
 but a handful of people, and courts were scarce- 
 ly a necessity. But no sooner was the territory 
 organized, and territorial officers appointed, than 
 population began to pour in. By the organic act, 
 the courts of the territory consisted of supreme 
 court, district courts, probate com-ts, and courts 
 of justice of the peace. The first justices of the 
 peace, in what is now Hennepin county, were 
 Dr. Ira Kingsley, and others,whose names we can- 
 not ascertain. They held office for tno years. 
 At the October election in 1851, 1. 1. Lewis, and 
 William B. Welch, were elected to serve for two 
 years. ■ The last named, was appointed chief jus- 
 tice of the supreme court of the territory in 
 1853, and took his seat on the bench in Jan- 
 uary, 1854. Mr. Lewis resigned in August, 1852, 
 from a cause which may be considered worth 
 mention. One Alex. Cloutier, one of the first 
 settlers in St. Anthony, and proprietor of a liquor 
 saloon, had been prosecuted before Mr.' Lewis, for 
 a violation of the prohibitory law, which had re- 
 cently been enacted. The excitement on the 
 question ran high — grave doubts were entertain- 
 ed by many, as to the constitutionality of the 
 law, and the people were about equally divided 
 on the question. ]SIr. Lewis, having no desire to 
 involve himself in quarrels with his neighbors, re- 
 signed his office before the case was decided. On 
 the 6th of August, 1852, a special election was 
 called to fill the vacancy, and at the solicitation of 
 a large number of the prominent citizens of St. 
 Anthony, ii-respective of party, Lardner Bost- 
 wick Esq., consented to be a candidate for the 
 office, and was elected. The case of Cloutier, was 
 again lirought, before him, and he held the law 
 constitutional, and fined the defendant twenty- 
 five dollars. The case was appealed to the dis- 
 trict court, and Judge Hayner, who was then on 
 the bench, reversed the decision, and held the 
 law unconstitutional, on the ground that the legis- 
 lative power was vested by the organic act, in the 
 governor and legislature, and that they had no 
 power to delegate tlieir authority to the people, 
 and that the act, having attempted to transfer 
 this power, was null and void. At the October 
 election in 1856, Mr. Bostwick was re-elected 
 with A. D. Foster, to sei-ve two years from Jan- 
 uary 1st, 1854. In 1857, Charles E. Leonard and 
 Mr. Bostwick were elected, the latter of whom 
 held the office till January, 1860, when he entered
 
 4S6 
 
 BISIORY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 uponjthe discbaige of the duties of judge of pro- 
 bate, to which he was elected iu 1859. This of- 
 fice he held two yeai-s, and was subsequently 
 elected court commissioner. 
 
 March 6th, 1852, an act was passed by the legis- 
 lature organizing Hennepin county and attach- 
 ing the same temporarily to Ramsey comity for 
 judicial purposes. At the first election subse- 
 quent to the organization, Edwin Hedderly and 
 Dr. H. Fletcher were elected justices on the west 
 side of the river. The former was re-elected for 
 four, or perhaps five years successively, and the 
 latter was succeeded in 1853 by Mr. Barber, who 
 held office till 1857. The foregoing list it is be- 
 lieved comprises all the justices of the peace in 
 St. Anthony and Minneapolis to the time when 
 the state was admitted, and is as late a date as it 
 is deemed necessary to continue the histor>' of 
 these courts. 
 
 In this connection it may be remarked that in 
 those early days, very important questions and 
 points were decided in those justices" courts. Many 
 suits of forcible entry and detainer were brought, 
 involving very valuable property, and although 
 nommally. only the right of possession was in is- 
 sue, yet practically, possession in those days was 
 emphatically "nine points of the law." and not 
 unfrequently canied the legal title with it. 
 Among the tracts thus adjudicated upon, were 
 Hennepin Island, the property on which the floiu"- 
 iiig mills on the west side of the river are now 
 situated, and in fact, several claims, which now 
 constitute the most valuable part of the city of 
 Minneapolis. None of these justices were edu- 
 cated lawyei-s. (with the exception of .Judge Bost- 
 wicki, but were men of unquestionable probity, 
 strong common sense, and both law and equity 
 were meted out in these early courts as uniformly 
 and successfully as in any courts tliat have suc- 
 ceeded them. 
 
 Sometimes, indeed, peculiar phases of frontier 
 life would develop. In a certain claim suit be- 
 tween Joel B. Bassett and Daniel Bickford, after 
 a tedious trial of two or three days, the case was 
 submitted to the jury, who retired to consider 
 then- verdict After wrangling over it an entire 
 day and more, one of the jurors, George TV. Tew, 
 became disgusted, jumped out of a second story 
 window and ran away, and thus ended the trial. 
 
 Some days after he reappeared, but nothing fur- 
 ther was done in the matter. 
 
 Another characteristic incident occurred in a 
 trial before "Squire Bostwick. One Pet Strother, 
 one of the " boys " of that early time, was arrest- 
 ed and brought before the court on a charge of 
 assault and battery. The complaint was read to 
 him, and he was told to plead, guilty or not 
 guilty. " Well, your honor. I don"t know wheth- 
 er I am guilty or not. I did knock the man down, 
 
 but he called me first a son of a b h. and that 
 
 is not true." 
 
 "But you must plead, one way or the other."" 
 
 "But."" responded the prisoner. " I don"tknow. 
 I"m sorter guilt)', and sorter not guilty." 
 
 The writer (who was his counsel) finally induced 
 him. for form's sake, to plead not guilty. A jury 
 was called, and several witnesses swore point 
 blank to seeing the defendant knock down the 
 complainant, but admitted the complainant had 
 flret used the opprobrious epithet al)t)ve mentioned. 
 Xo witnesses were called for defendant ; but the 
 counsel for defendant, in his argument to the 
 jiu-y, insisted that none of the witnesses, in 
 speaking of the defendant, had mentioned his 
 first name, but had called him " Strother."" and 
 that for all that appeared, the real criminal might 
 be some other pereon than the defendant. The 
 jury saw it "iu those lamps,"" and in five minutes 
 returned a verdict of not guilty, and immediately 
 made up a puree among themselves to pay de- 
 fendant's expenses. 
 
 Another incident of the fun the boys used to 
 have in those early days in court, may be men- 
 tioned. A certain Dr. Jodon. somewhat notori- 
 ous in those days, had married a lady — which 
 marriage, on account of the great disparity of 
 age and position of the parties, was ofi'ensive to 
 a large majority of the citizens. The usual re- 
 sult in frontier communities followed — that quite 
 a large crowd of the " fast boys," on the wedding 
 night, hidulged in a " charivari "" of the couple, 
 which was carried beyond the limits of a le- 
 gitimate charivari (if there can be any such lim- 
 its) and distiu'bed some of the peaceable citizens 
 in the neighborhood, among othere J. W. Xorth, 
 Esq.. who was indignant at the outrage. 
 
 Al. Stone, one of the most inveterate jokere on 
 the east side of the river (and who is still living, 
 and long may he wave 1) thought he saw the op-
 
 COVETS AND BAB. 
 
 487 
 
 portunity to perpetrate a good practical joke. He 
 accordingly went quietly to Mr. North, and told 
 liim that he had ascertained tlie names of from 
 twelve to fifteen persons who were engaged in 
 that charivari, and would name the parties, includ- 
 ing a large number of the oldest and most sober 
 and respectalile citizens of the town, among 
 whom were Capt. John Rollins, Dr. Murphy, Ru- 
 fus Farnham, A. D. Foster, and others of like 
 standing, and that if he would make a complaint 
 and have them arrested he would furnish the evi- 
 dence to have them convicted. Accordingly the 
 complaint was made, and the parties arrested and 
 brought liefore the coiirt, and everybody was as- 
 tounded to learn that these staid citizens were 
 engaged in such a " lark." One or two witnesses 
 were called preliminarily, who testified they knew 
 nothing about the matter, and then "AL," the 
 main witness, was called, and asked to state what 
 he knew about it. 
 
 " I know notliing, sir." 
 " But where were you that night ?" 
 " I was in my virtuous bed, asleep." 
 "But do you say you don't know who was en- 
 gaged in that affair?" 
 " Well, I have heard these defendants were." 
 " Do you mean to say that all you know about 
 their being engaged in it is what you have 
 heard V" 
 
 "Yes, sir, I supposed that would be enough." 
 It was enough. The prosecutor had no further 
 evidence, and it then dawned on his mind that he 
 had been made the victim of one of "Al.'s" 
 practical jokes. The case, of course, was dis- 
 missed, amid uproarious mirth, although the 
 perpetrator came to the conclusion that it was a 
 kind of joke that would not bear repetition. A 
 part of the joke lay also m the fact that the just- 
 ice himself, on the night in question, was con- 
 cealed near tlie scene of operations, and knew the 
 parties engaged in it, and that they were not the 
 parties named in the complaint, and tried to in- 
 duce the prosecutor to leave them out, but did 
 not succeed, and of course could not reveal the 
 source of his knowledge of the matter. 
 
 In this connection we insert an item puljlished 
 
 in the Pioneer Press in the fall of 1880, referring 
 
 to the destruction of the building in which Judge 
 
 Bostwick's court was held for many years. 
 
 "An old landmark destroyed. The little old 
 
 building, corner of Main street and Second Ave- 
 nue north, East Division, owned, and for so many 
 years occupied as an office by Judge Bostwick, 
 was yesterday demolished, its days of usefuhiess 
 having passed. This was one of the old land- 
 marks of the city, and has a history worth rela- 
 ting. It was built in 1849 by R. P. Russell, and 
 first used as a warehouse for his dry-goods store 
 adjoining. In 18.50 George F. Brott converted it 
 into a wagon-shop, and in 18.51 Cal. Church re- 
 converted it into a meat market. During the 
 same year, the building came into the possession 
 of, and and has since been retained by Judge 
 Bostwick, who occupied it in his official capacity 
 as justice of the peace until 1860, from 1860 to 
 to 1862, as a probate and court commissioner's 
 office, and from 1862 to 1866, as assessor of in- 
 ternal revenue. During his reign as justice of 
 the peace. Judge Bostwick rendered decisions 
 therein to the amount of over 8100,000 in civil 
 cases and disposed of a corresponding amount of 
 criminal business. Among the distinguished legal 
 lights who, in those old days, read their briefs, 
 (and some of them were not very brief, either,) 
 under that little roof, were J. W. North, Isaac 
 Atwater, D. A. Secombe, F. R. E. Cornell, C. E. 
 Vanderburgh, James W. Lawrence, Sr., William 
 Lochren, W. W. McNair, W. I). Washburn, Judge 
 Parsons, W. A. Gorman, Edmund Rice, Aaron 
 Goodrich, Wm. Hollingshead, Michael E. Ames 
 and others too numerous to mention. 
 
 "Engineer Griffith made many of the drawings 
 for the old suspension bridge in this building, and 
 the old time Upper ^Mississippi Navigation Com- 
 pany were accustomed to hold their meetings 
 there. It was occupied as the St. Anthony city 
 council room for two years, was the regular poll- 
 ing place on election days, and republican head- 
 (luarters when Fremont was the party standard- 
 bearer. Many were the lively and interestuig 
 scenes which transpired within its walls and 
 about its doorway, where political knock-downs 
 were not of uncommon occurrence; and there has 
 been more perjury committed in that old building 
 than any other in the city, except, perhaps, the 
 old land office during the early settlement of Min- 
 neapolis. One by one the roses and old land- 
 marks fall.'' 
 
 The first district court held in what is now a 
 part of Hennepin county, was presided over by
 
 488 
 
 HISTORY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 the Hon. B. B. Meeker, appointed one of the as- 
 sociate justices of the supreme court, under the 
 administration of President Taylor. The court 
 was lield in July. 1849. in the old government 
 mill building, erected for the use of Fort Snel- 
 ling, and which stood near the present site of the 
 Northwestern mill. Since tlie time of the erection 
 of that government mill, i about 1822 .the falls 
 have receded between three and four himdred feet. 
 Franklin Steele. Esq., was foreman of the grand 
 jury. The records of that court have unfortun- 
 ately been lost, but it can be stated that no bills 
 of indictment were found nor any cases tried, and 
 but tAvo or three attorneys were present. Re- 
 freshments suitable to the occasion, were provided 
 by the sheriff, which were partaken of by the 
 bench, bar and jury, and it was voted a pleasant 
 inauguration of judicial proceedings in the comi- 
 ty. The mOitaiy reservation where this first 
 court was held was then in Dakota coimty. 
 
 It has ah'eady been stated that the coimty was 
 organized m 1852. but county officers were not 
 elected tiU November of that year. The second 
 district com-t was held in 1853, m a frame build- 
 ing erected by Anson Xorthrup, and which stood 
 on or very near the site now occupied by the 
 Crown Roller mill. This court was presided over 
 by Hon. A. G. Chatfield. who was appointed one 
 of the associate justices under the admiuistiation 
 of President Pierce. This was the first fully 
 equipped district court held in the county, the 
 firet coimty officers having been elected, and regu- 
 lar business was commenced, with a calendar of 
 some half a dozen cases, appeals from justices 
 courts. From this smaU begmning has gi'own up 
 the immense business now transacted by two 
 judges of the district court, and which occu- 
 pies almost their entire time. 
 
 Judge Chatfield continued to hold the district 
 court in Heiniepin county in a frame building on 
 Bridge square, until the erection of the present 
 court house. In 1857 he was succeeded by Judge 
 Flandi-au, appointed under the administration 
 of President Buchanan. He lield one term of the 
 court, and m 1857 was elected associate justice of 
 the supreme coiul; of the state of JJinnesota. 
 
 In 18.57, Hon. Edward O. Hamlin, was elected 
 judge of the fourth judicial district, of which 
 Hennepin coimty was a part. He was succeeded 
 in 1859. by the Hon. Chas. E. Vanderburgh, who 
 
 has been re-elected, at each succeeding expiration 
 of liis term, and who now holds the office. In 
 1872. an act was passed, establishing a court of 
 common pleas in Hennepin county, and under tlie 
 provisions of the act, the governor appointed 
 the Hon. A. H. Young, [as judge, who entered 
 upon the discharge of the duties of the office in 
 April of tliat year ; the following November 
 he was elected as judge of that court, to serve for 
 five years from the first of January, 1873. Sub- 
 sequently in 1877. this court was abolished, and 
 two judges were provided for in the distiict court, 
 and Judge Young was elected the same year as 
 one of said judges. As the incumbents of these 
 offices are still m the active discharge of then' 
 duties and well known to our citizens, any 
 extended notice of them or the court over which 
 they preside, will not be expected. It is not, 
 however, improper to state in this connection, 
 that ill point of ability, probity, and extensive 
 legal learning, the present bench ranks among the 
 first in the state. 
 
 The business in the probate court was, for 
 many years after the county was organized, very 
 small. Now. however, it is assuming large pro- 
 portions, and is rapidly increasing. There have 
 served as judges of probate, in the order named, 
 in this county: J. B. Bassett. Hezekiah Fletcher, 
 E. S. Jones. L. Bostwick, N. H. Ilemiup, F. 
 Beebe, E. A. Gove. P. il. Babcock and John P. 
 Rea. the present incumbent. After the organiza- 
 tion of the city of Minneapolis, Chas. H. Woods, 
 H. G. Hicks and J. L. Himes. were elected and 
 sen'ed as city justices. After the consolidation 
 of St. Anthony with Minneapolis, Grove B. 
 Cooley was elected judge of the municipal court, 
 was re-elected in 18S0, and is present city judge. 
 In 1880, F. Bailey was elected assistant judge. 
 
 Clerks and sheriffs are an important part of the 
 machinery of courts, and on their efficiency de- 
 pends much, the successful and prompt transac- 
 tion of business. Hennepin county has been ex- 
 ceptionally fortunate in having careful and ener- 
 getic men to fill these positions. With the ex- 
 ception of the firet two or three years after the 
 county was orgaviized. when the court had no 
 settled abiding places, and no suitable place for 
 preserving papers had been provided, the files 
 will be found nearly entire. A few, during those 
 earlv veai-s. have been lost. Sweet "W. Case,
 
 COURTS AND BAR. 
 
 489 
 
 was the first clerk of the district court, elected in 
 18.52, and held the office till 18.58. He was 
 succeeded by the following persons in the order 
 named, viz: H. A. Partridge, 11. O. Hamlin, J. 
 P. Pliimmer, George W. Chowen, D. W. Albaugh, 
 L. .Jerome, J. A. Wolverton, and E. J. Daven- 
 port, the present incumbent. Isaac Brown was 
 the first sheriff of the county and was succeeded in 
 the order named, by B. E. Messer, E. Lippincott, 
 Richard Strout, John A. Armstrong, II. G. 
 Hicks, George W. Johnson. N. R. Thompson 
 and Mace Eustis, the present incumbent. 
 
 John Vi\ North Esq., came to St. Anthony in 
 1849, and was the first attorney who settled in 
 the county, and one of the most prominent for 
 several years. He was in 1 8.51 , a member of the 
 legislature, was also a raemlier of the republican 
 branch of the convention to form a state constitu- 
 tion in 18.57, and a leader in the anti-slavery 
 movement. He was an able lawyer, and was 
 always a dangerous opponent before a jury. 
 Had he chosen to devote himself exclusively to 
 the profession of the law, there is no doubt but 
 he would easily have taken rank with the ablest 
 lawyers in the state. But Mr. North was by na- 
 ture and education a reformer, and a radical one 
 at that. He had a courage equal to his convic- 
 tions, and never hesitated to follow them to their 
 logical sequence, urespective of popular senti- 
 ment. He always stood by what he believed to 
 be right, without regard t(j the cost, and conse- 
 quently retained the esteem of his friends, and 
 the respect of his enemies. 
 
 In 18.50. three more attorneys, E. Whitall, W. 
 H. Hubbard and I. Atwater settled in St. An- 
 thony. In 1851, we find in addition D. Secombe, 
 E. L. Hall, James H. Truder, Warren Bristoll, 
 now associate justice of Arizona territory. L. 
 Bostwick arrived in the territory in 18.50, and 
 was admitted to tlie bar of Hennepin county in 
 1856. Then at various dates from 1851, to 1856, 
 we find in the list of attorneys, the names of W. 
 Dodge, 1. 1. Monell, H. B. Hancock, R. Nicholas, 
 H. A. Partridge, Geo. A. Nourse, W. W. Win- 
 throp, W. H. Robinson, Geo. E. Da\-, V,'. \\'. 
 Rowley, Geo. W. Prescott, W. 1). Washburn, II. 
 L. Munn, C. E.' Vanderburgh, F. R. E. Cornell, 
 r. Beebe, W. L. Par.sons, D. .Morgan, A. M. 
 Blair, Jaied Demmon, IXan. M. Dennnon, H. 
 Hill. Wm. Lochren, H. D. Beman. J. B.Gilfillan, 
 
 H. W. Cowles, R. L. Jojce, .James W. Lawrence, 
 R. J. Baldwin, J. S. Johnson, Geo. W. Woods, 
 Cushman, David Heaton, S. R. M. Math- 
 ews, W. W. ISIcNair, E. M. Wilson, and L. M. 
 Stewart. Doubtless there were some others 
 whose names, the writer cannot now recall. Hon. 
 J. B. Gilfillan, settled here in 18-55, but was not 
 admitted as an attorney until 1860. Tlie limits 
 of this article, only permit a refei'ence to such 
 attorneys as were here previous to 1857, when 
 the state constitution was adopted. 
 
 In looking over the above list, one is surprised 
 to see how few are still practitioners at the bar. 
 Many have died, some removed, and some have 
 retired from active practice. A very few are 
 still in jiractice, and recognized as the " nestor's" 
 of the bar of Hennepin county in 1881. 
 
 In this brief review, we think it will be found 
 that the courts and bar of Hennepin county, will 
 compare most favorably, not only with the coiu'ts 
 and bar of any other coiuity in the territory of 
 Minnesota, but with that of any county in any 
 western state, while it was a territory. From 
 the ranks of the members of the bar of Ileinieiiin 
 county in territorial times, have been drawn 
 judges of the supreme court of the state, one jus- 
 tice of the supreme court of Arizona, two repre- 
 sentatives in congress, a large number of state 
 senators and representatives, and members of the 
 constitutional convention, and many who have 
 filled honoral)le positions as city ofticials and on 
 the boards of education. If any one objects that 
 none have obtained a national reputation as law- 
 yers, it must be remembered that no man of ability 
 could come to Minnesota at an early day and con- 
 fine himself exclusively to the practice of law. 
 For in territorial days the pressure was so great 
 to obtain comitetent men to fill legislative and 
 other political offices, and for which lawyers were 
 considered most eligible and best fitted, that it 
 was almost impossible for a lawyer, without giv- 
 ing grave offense to his friends and clients, to re- 
 fuse a nomination. In addition to this is to be 
 considered that legal services were then of small 
 pecuniary value, and the same talent employed in 
 politics or in real estate operations, orilinarily re- 
 ceived a much larger remuneration. .Vnd hence, 
 while we may reasonably conclude that the terri- 
 torial bar of this county embraced fully as much 
 talent and legal ability as the average of frontier
 
 490 
 
 HISTORY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 counties in the west, the reason it has not pro- 
 duced as many distinguished lawyers propor- 
 tioned to its numliers as some counties in eastern 
 states, is easily accounted for. And. considering 
 the history of the territory and state in its politi- 
 cal, educational, religious and material aspects, 
 the early bar of Hennepin county has no occasion 
 to be ashamed of its record in regard thereto, 
 and with the increase of population and lawyers, 
 thus enabling, and indeed compelling attorneys 
 to devote themselves more exclusively to their 
 profession, we may expect from present indica- 
 tions, to find lawyers within the next quarter of a 
 centiu'y at the bar of Hennepin county, who will 
 have attained a national reputation. 
 
 CHAPTER LXXIV. 
 
 CITY WATER WOilKS — FIKE DEPARTMENT — PO- 
 LICE FORCE — CITY MARKET — POST OFFICE. 
 
 The city of ^linneapolis was incorporated m 
 the spring of 1867, and the next fall the Holly 
 system of water works was introduced, and com- 
 pleted in the spring of 1868. Two Holly pumps 
 were put in, and about a mile of cement pipe was 
 laid, at a cost of about S(i(i,0(iO. The cement 
 pipe was a failure, and in ls7<i was replaced by 
 east-iron pipe. During the latter _vear, the city 
 purcliased of J. B. Bassett the stone saw-mill at 
 the head of the canal, and paid for it $18,000. 
 James Waters, then in charge, erected new pimip- 
 ing machinery with daily pnmpuig capacity of 
 two million gallons, and the Holly pumps were 
 moved into the new quarters. Mr. Stewart was 
 superintendent of the water works under the 
 Holly system until 1870, since when the office has 
 been tilled as follows: 1870-74, James Waters; 
 1874-'77, S. Albert; 1877, James Chalmers; 1877- 
 '79, J. W. Pomeroy. In 1879, the present super- 
 intendent. W. II. Johnson, was elected with J. 
 W. Pomeroy as assistant. 
 
 In 1880, the old rotary pumps were removed to 
 make room for a new pump of four million gal- 
 lons capacity daily, making the present total ca- 
 
 pacity nme and one-half million gallons per day. 
 There are eighteen and two-thirds miles of main 
 pipe laid. 
 
 The water works have proved an ever effi- 
 cient protection against fire, the pressure bemg 
 such that a powerful stream may be thrown di- 
 rectly from the hydrants, thus rendering fire 
 engines almost imnecessary, excepting in cases 
 where the fire is remote from hydrants. The 
 quality of tlie water furnished, is the best and 
 is taken from the liottom of the river, at the head 
 of the canal. The total cost of the water works 
 was, exclusive of interest on bonds, $396,598. 
 The receipts from rents for 1880, exceeded the 
 expenses foi- maintenance, about $6,000. The 
 motive power for driving the immense pumps, is 
 fui-nished liy two turbine wheels, of forty-eight 
 inches diameter, which, under a head of thirty 
 feet, give one hundred and eighty horse-power 
 each. The pumps in use were made in Minne- 
 apolis, and show a high degi-ee of mechanical 
 skOl. The water works of Minneapolis will, 
 under the present able management, compare 
 favorably with those of any city of her size in 
 the Union. The business office is in the City 
 Hall ; the present officers are : W. H. Johnson, 
 superintendent; F. T. Moody, clerk and Andrew 
 Bergstrom. engineer. January 1st, 1881, the 
 office of assistant superintendent was abolished. 
 
 MINNEAPOLIS FIRE DEPARTMENT. 
 
 Of the many praiseworthy institutions with 
 which Minneapolis is favored, there is nothing for 
 which her citizens entertain a more profoiuid re- 
 spect — a respect amounting almost to veneration 
 —than her splendidly equipped and admirably 
 managed fire department. 
 
 But a few years have passed since not even a 
 " bucket brigade,"" stood sentinel l)etween the 
 unprotected city and the all devouring element, 
 and it was not until 1857 that an organization of 
 of any kind existed, whose object was protection 
 against accidental tire, or the torch of the incen- 
 diary. Even then, its meagre facilities and ill- 
 stored equipage rendered it wholly inadeipiate to 
 cope successfully with the pitiless dragonade of 
 the fire fiend. To-day it stands without a rival in 
 the great north-west. Thoroughly equipped, ably 
 officered, and with an experienced force, it has 
 become so strongly intrenched in theconfldenc3
 
 FIBE DEPABTMENT. 
 
 491 
 
 of the citizens, that the once dreaded fire-alarm 
 now awakens little more than an evanescent curi- 
 osity, beyond its immediate location. Its perfect 
 order and discipline, its excellent management, 
 and its freedom from internal strife and jealous- 
 ies, render it at once the pride and boast of the 
 city, and an enduring monument of renown to its 
 originators. 
 
 The first organization was in what is now 
 known as the East Division, formerly St. Antho- 
 ny. In July, 1857, a meeting of the citizens of 
 St. Anthony was held in Wensinger's old block, 
 comer of Main street and Fourth Avenue north, 
 for the purpose of effecting an organization 
 for protection against fires. Timothy Bohan pre- 
 sided over the meeting, which resulted in the or- 
 ganization of a hook and ladder company, of 
 which Henry Cairan was elected foreman. The 
 truck was built in St. Anthony, and the company 
 was ready for duty in Octot)er. In November, a 
 fire occurred, which is generally supposed to have 
 been started by some mischievous party to test 
 the utility of the new company. The fire was in 
 an old house on the east side of Main street, used 
 at the time as a stable. The experiment resulted 
 in the destruction of the building, and the crema- 
 tion of an unfortunate cow, the only occupant. 
 
 In 1859 a fire company was organized, with 
 John Dunham as foreman, and an engine — the 
 Minnesota — was ordered from Button and Blake, 
 of New York. The company was an independent 
 one, and furnished its own building, as did also 
 the hook and ladder company. 
 
 The same year, the cit>' council purchased two 
 engines, made at St. Anthony — the Cataract and 
 Germania. Of the companies associated with 
 these, James S. Lane was foreman of the Cataract, 
 and Godfrey Boehme of the Germania. Six 
 months after the arrival of the Minnesota, the 
 city accepted the seniees of the company as a 
 volunteer association, assumed the indebtedness 
 Incurred in the purchase of the engine, and pro- 
 vided necessary buildings. 
 
 The first chief of the fire department was Jas. 
 S. Lane. No changes of special note occurred 
 until the consolidation with the West Side, as 
 hereafter mentioned. 
 
 The first organization on the West Side was 
 called the ■'Millers' Fire Association," in 1865, 
 and owed its origin to W. ]SI. Brackett, then 
 
 a young man employed as book-keeper of East- 
 man, Gibson and Company, proprietors of the 
 Cataract and Union flouring mills, and the North 
 Star woolen mills. It was upon his repeated, 
 and earnest solicitation that the organization was 
 effected, its equipment consisting of a rotary 
 pump in the basement of the Cataract mill, five 
 hundred feet of hose, a hose jumper, spanners, 
 nozzles, etc. A hose company was organized 
 among the mill owners, with Geo. A. Brackett, of 
 the firm of Gibson, Eastman and Company, as 
 foreman. Mr. Brackett was the first chief of the 
 Minneapolis Fire Department. 
 
 In the fall of 1867, the Holly system of water- 
 works was introduced, but not completed until 
 the spring of 1868. The formal organization of 
 the fire department was in January, 1868, em- 
 bracing the following companies : Minneapolis 
 Hose Company No. 1; Mutual Hose Company No. 
 2; and Minneapolis Hook and Ladder Company 
 No. 1. Its numerical strength was al)Out one 
 hundred and fifty volunteers, with the following 
 official roster; Geo. A. Brackett, chief; R. B. 
 Langdon, first assistant; and I'aris Gibson, sec- 
 ond assistant. The hose, jumper, etc. of the 
 Millers' Fire Association, was purchased and 
 placed with No. 1 . Late in the fore-noon of Feb- 
 ruary 6th, 1868, the efficiency of the new fire de- 
 partment, and the water-works was submitted to 
 trial, at a fire in a dwelling house, corner of 
 High and Minnetonka streets. The department 
 acquitted itself creditably, but the water-works 
 proved inadequate to the occasion, and the fire 
 was exthiguished by the use of buckets, axes, etc. 
 The first mains were of sheet iron and cement, 
 and a break prevented the necessary pressure, 
 while the water at best, was thick with dirt. Of 
 coiu'se the " daw-pluckers" and wiseacres reiter- 
 ated their previously expressed belief in the fail- 
 ure of the Holly system. The defective pipe was 
 replaced by iron pipes, the following fall, and 
 were thereafter effective. February 8th, the city 
 council authorized the purchase of six hundred 
 feet of rubber hose, a four-wheeled hose carriage, a 
 hook and ladder truck, four play pip?s and 
 twelve axes. Other purchases were made from 
 time to time, though it was long before the de- 
 partment was furnished with a full ecpiipment, or 
 provided with suitable builduigs. 
 
 On the 10th of September, 1868. the ilinne-
 
 492 
 
 HISTOBY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 apolis Fireman's Relief Association was organ- 
 ized, tlie object of which needs no explanation. 
 The association has done noble work, and is in a 
 tlourishing condition, -a monument to the sym- 
 pathy and fraternal feeling, so characteristic of 
 true firemen." The first parade occurred on the 
 the 24th of September, when the Minneapolis 
 department joined the St. Anthon\- department 
 in their annual parade. A notable event in the 
 history of the :Minneapolis Fire Department was 
 the Fireman's State Parade, held at this place in 
 1869, at which time the "ilinneapolis Boys" won a 
 reputation forliospitality.for which they have ever 
 been held since in the most kindly remembrance. 
 With the consolidation of. the cities of St. An- 
 thony and Minneapolis, in 1872, the new charter 
 provided that tlie city be divided into two fire de- 
 partments, each side retaining the equipage, 
 buildings, etc.. then in their possession, practi- 
 cally leaving them as separate and distinct as 
 though separated by an ocean instead of the 
 river. In September, 1874, the Gamewell fire 
 alarm system was introduced in the west division, 
 and in October, the capacity of the water-works 
 was increased to three and one-half million gallons 
 of water per day. 
 
 Horses were purchased or hired, and drivers 
 permanently employed in the several companies, 
 in 187o: also an engimer and fireman of the 
 Steamers and a tillerman for the Hook and Lad- 
 der truck. The following year the Gamewell 
 fire alarm system was extended to the east divis- 
 ion, and the two divisions were furnished tele- 
 graphic communication. By a revision of the 
 city charter in April. 187S, the two fire depart- 
 ments were consolidated, and an election of ofli- 
 cers held with the following result; "Winn. M. 
 Brackett. chief engineer: "\V. C. Stetson, for- 
 merly chief of the east division, first assistant; 
 and C. Frederichs, a charter member of Hook and 
 Ladder company Xo. 1 , and once its foreman, 
 second assistant. The rapid giowth of the city, 
 and the corresponding increase hi the duties of 
 the fire department, soon became too great for a 
 volunteer organization, and in 1879 they asked 
 to be relieved, and that the city assume the sup- 
 port and maintenance of the department, which 
 was done. The city cannot forget the gratitude 
 due the old volunteer department, nor will its 
 many brave and noble deeds be lost to memorv 
 
 I in the no less faithful ser\-ice of the present de- 
 partment. 
 On the second day of May, 1878. the Minne- 
 I apoUs fire department was subjected to one of the 
 I severest tests in the annals of modem conflagra- 
 ' tions — a test far greater than that under whicli 
 many truly great departments have sunk into olj- 
 scurity and disgrace ; but from which this noble 
 volunteer department, under the able direction 
 of its chief and assistants, emerged with a record 
 of whicli monarchs might well be proud. A more 
 concise account of this noted disaster will be 
 found in the history of the mUUng interests in 
 this volume. 
 
 The department has seven stations, located as 
 follows: Station A, a double brick house, corner 
 of Second street and Third Avenue north, in 
 which is the office of the chief ; station B, corner 
 of Sixth Avenue south and Third sti-eet ; station 
 C: corner of Second and Bank streets. East Di- 
 vision ; station D, corner of Main street and Thir- 
 teenth Avenue north. East Division : station E, 
 on Third street, between Xicollet and First 
 Avenue south ; station F, on Plymouth Avenue, 
 between First and Second streets : and station G, 
 corner of \Vasliington and Fourteenth Avenues 
 south, a double house — a consolidation of stations 
 G and H, and the finest building in the depart- 
 ment. The several stations are furnished with 
 all the necessary appliances for comfort, conven- 
 ience and prompt, efficient service, a full descrip- 
 tion of whicli is only omitted on account of space. 
 The report of Chief Engineer W. M. Brackett for 
 the year ending April 1st, 1881, contams some in- 
 teresting items illustrative of the labors and ef- 
 ficiency of the department. The report shows 
 171 fire alarms responded to from January 1st, 
 1880, to January 1st, 1881. The total losses are 
 estimated atS170.000: total insurance paid. SI 10.- 
 000; total insurance involved, §683,000. The 
 apparatus is two steam fire engines, five four- 
 wheeled hose carriages and one two-wheeled hose 
 cart, two hook and ladder tracks and one chemi- 
 cal hook and ladder truck. The force consists of 
 twenty-two regular and forty-seven call men. In 
 addition to the home work, the steamer City of 
 Minneapolis and hose company Xo. l.went to 
 Farmuigton in November, 1879, under charge of 
 the chief engineer, in answer to a call for assist- 
 ance, and though the delayed train prevented
 
 POLICE FORCE— CITY MARKET. 
 
 493 
 
 their reaching the place until the fire was under 
 control, it rendered valuable aid in playing upon 
 the ruins. The same steamer and hose company 
 also rendered material service in St. Paul in 
 March, 1880, under command of Foremen Tire- 
 worgy and Henry, working ten hours. The offi- 
 cers of the department are, W. M. Brackett, chief 
 engineer ; C. Frederichs, first assistant ; Frank C. 
 Stetson, second assistant. Foremen: John Ilin- 
 ton. No. 1 ; II. Williams, No. 2 ; C. Henry, No. 
 3 ; N. Steffes, No. 4 ; 11. York, No. 5 ; E. Kings- 
 ley, Cataract Engine Company; G. Runge, Hook 
 and Ladder Company No. 1 ; N. Theilen, Hook 
 and Ladder No. 2; P.Kinney, Hook and I^ad- 
 der No. 3. 
 
 THE POLICE FORCE, 
 
 Immediately following the organization of the 
 city government of St. Anthony, in 185.5, Benj. 
 I. Brown was elected marshal, and his official 
 bond accepted at a meeting of the council. May 
 19th, 1855. Twelve years later, the city govern- 
 ment of Minneapolis was organized, and H. II. 
 Brackett unanimously elected chief of police, at 
 a meeting of the city council, March 9th, 1807. 
 It is hardly necessary to state that the police 
 force in those days was light, nor were their sala- 
 ries oppressively great. The marshal and such 
 assistants as emergencies required, constituted the 
 first force at St. Anthony, the chief and four po- 
 licemen that of Minneapolis. 
 
 The organization at present consists of A. S. 
 Hunger, chief; A. C. Berry, captain; John West, 
 sergeant; Michael Hoy, detective, and twenty- 
 four patrolmen. The uniform is tlie regular metro- 
 politan, distinguished by hat or cap, belt and club. 
 The police headquarters consist of a small one- 
 story buildmg on an alley between Washington 
 Avenue and Second street, and are unworthy of 
 the city. The present force is far too light for 
 the duties required, but it is composed of men well 
 adapted to the work, and although numerically 
 weak, is in point of fact one of the strongest, 
 most efficient bodies in the west. Led by a vigi- 
 lant chief, who is ably supported by an efficient 
 staff and watchfid body of patrolmen, the Min- 
 neapolis police force has come to be regarded as 
 something for the vicious to shun, and the worthy 
 to rely on for aid and protection. The following 
 from the last annual rept)rt of the chief will per- 
 haps express the present character of the body. 
 
 and the nature and embarassing features of the 
 work: 
 
 "It is very true that depredations and misde- 
 meanors are committed, and the perpetrators too 
 often escape arrest; but that is the fault of the 
 limited force, and not of any officer of the de- 
 partment. This city is widely scattered, con- 
 taining more than two hundred miles of streets, 
 and the entire police force mimbers but twenty- 
 four patrolmen, besides detective, chief, captain 
 and sergeant. Of this immense line of streets 
 and alleys, about fifty miles are within the patrol 
 limits, or less than one-fourth of the whole city, 
 and during the past year there has not been a 
 burglary or theft of any importance within such 
 limits, with but a single exception, that the great- 
 er part of the goods have not been secured and 
 returned to the owner, and tlie thieves arrested. 
 * * * During the past year the police 
 force has succeeded in l)reaking up and routing 
 out, one of the worst gangs of organized thieves 
 that ever existed in any city, and the ringleaders 
 are at present in Stillwater, with the balance of 
 the gang scattered far and wide." In the same 
 report the chief enters his protest against the 
 toleration of tramps, and recommends the city 
 council to provide work, as the best known reme- 
 dy against this all-prevailnig nuisance. 
 
 CITY M.\KKh:T. 
 
 The idea of a general market for the city of 
 ^Minneapolis was conceived and executed by Har- 
 low A. Gale in l,s7(i, tlie city granting him a 
 franchise for fifteen years. The building is of 
 stone and brick, witli asbestine stone trimmings 
 and iron roof. It is located corner of First street 
 and Hennepin Avenue, occupies a space of 
 80x157 feet, is tln-ee-stories high above a base- 
 ment twelve feet in height, and cost with land, 
 $75,000. In the interior are sixty stalls, where 
 may be found meats, fish, fruits, vegetables, but- 
 ter, eggs, cheese, groceries, all kinds of farm 
 products, and in fact everything in the line of 
 provisions and supplies. On the walks surround- 
 ing the market, which are under cover of an awn- 
 uig projecting from the building, fully fifty gard- 
 eners display their products during the vegetable 
 and fruit season. In cold weather the same 
 space is occupied by meats and poultry. The 
 basement is occupied as an eating house, which
 
 494 
 
 HISTOBY OF BENKEPIIf COUNTY. 
 
 h.as a seating capacity of two huncb-ed. On the 
 second floor is a hall which seats 1.500 people. 
 Tht Woman's Cliristian Association have their 
 parlor ou this floor, and the Y. M. C. A. occupy 
 adjoining rooms as gymnasium and reading 
 room. Mr. Gale has his office at the hall entrance 
 where he superintends this "bee hive"" of indus- 
 try, and conducts his real estate agency. 
 
 POST-OFFICES. 
 
 The first post-office estabUshed at the Falls of 
 St. Anthony was located in a small building be- 
 longing to Franklm Steele, in 1848. and Ard God- 
 frey appointed postmaster. Previous to this the 
 nearest post-offices were at Fort Snelling and St. 
 Paul. MaUs were irregularly received, as no carrier 
 was employed diiring the tii'st year. Captain John 
 Eollins occasionally ran a passenger express wag- 
 on to St. Paul, and brought mail to St. Anthony. 
 In 1850. Powers and Willoughby opened regular 
 stage communication between St. Antliony and 
 St. Paul, and for a number of years the mail was 
 carried by stage, until the building of the line of 
 railroad connecting the two cities, in 1862. since 
 when it has been carried by rail. The office was 
 located in several different buildings on the east 
 side, being for a time m the Winslow House 
 while that building was conducted as a hotel. At 
 the beginning of the war, when the Winslow 
 House was closed, the office was again removed, 
 this time to a wooden structure next to the old 
 Stanchfield block, on Central Avenue between 
 Main and second streets. The more prominent 
 postmastere succeeding Ard Godfrey were Luther 
 Patch. Mr. White, W. W. Wales, and General 
 H. P. Van Cleve, who for a number of years pre- 
 vious, and at the time of the discontinuance of 
 the office, held the position. ]Slessrs. Godfrey, 
 AVales, and A'an Cleve are at present, promi- 
 nent citizens of MinneapoUs. Mr. Wales is 
 a member of the firm of Kirkbride, W'hitall and 
 Wales, and General ^'an Cleve is adjutant gen- 
 eral of Minnesota. 
 
 The post-office on the west side was established 
 in 1854, and located on the corner of First street 
 and Fh-st Avenue south, m a small wooden build- 
 ing used as the office of Dr. H. Fletcher, who was 
 the first postmaster. The first quarterly report 
 of the first postmaster is preserved in the vault of 
 the present office and shows that the postage paid 
 
 on letters sent and received, amounted to 15.97. 
 At that time payment of postage either ui ad- 
 vance or upon receipt was optional : at present it 
 is required in advance and the receipts for the 
 same length of time in 1881, from the same 
 sources, amounted to S26.666.4S. The postmas- 
 ters succeeding Dr. Fletcher were Dr. A. E. 
 Ames, prominent in the masonic history of the 
 state, C. Wilcox, S. Hidden, D. Morgan, D. Bas- 
 sett, W. W. McXair, Cyrus Aldrich, and our pre- 
 .sent postmaster. Dr. George H. Keith, who has 
 held the office for a longer term than any of his 
 predecessors. The business rapidly increasing the 
 office was f requenth" removed to larger quarters. It 
 was first moved durmg Dr. Ames"s administration, 
 to Washington Avenue between Fifth and Sixth 
 Avenues south. The quarters soon proving in- 
 adequate it was next located on Washington and 
 First Avenues south : thence to Hennepin 
 Avenue. Ijetween Washington and Second street. 
 
 During W. W. McXair"s administration it was 
 moved for the first time into a brick building, oc- 
 cupying the eastern room on the first floor of the 
 Athenieum builtUng. Col. Cyrus Aldrich, promi- 
 nent in the early history of the state and repre- 
 sentative to congress m 1860-61, succeeded iir. 
 McXair in 1869 and removed it to 210 Nicollet 
 Avenue. When Col. Aldrich toi>k charge of the 
 office three assistants were required to perform 
 the duties. In the spring of 1870 Dr. George H. 
 Keitli, an old settler in Minneapolis, was ap- 
 pointed to supersede Col. .Vldrich. When he 
 took cliarge of the office the working force con- 
 sisted of only five clerks. The business of the 
 office by this time had increased to such a degree 
 that the room in Center block was found to be too 
 small, and in December, 1S73, the City Ilall, be- 
 ing just completed, the government leased its 
 present quarters for twenty yeare and moved in- 
 to them. 
 
 At this time the east side post-office was 
 merged into the one on the west side. This was 
 effected by means of a petition presented to the 
 post-office department signed by the citizens 
 residing withm the delivery of the office discon- 
 tinued. This is the only mstance in the annals 
 of United States postal liistory, where a post-office 
 has been discontinued imder such circumstances. 
 January 1st, 1874, the present carrier system was 
 adopted, requiring the services of eight carriers on
 
 BUSINESS OF THE CITY. 
 
 495 
 
 both sides of the river. The carrier force has been 
 increased to twelve regulars and two substitutes, 
 who delivered in 1880, 3,611,809 packages of 
 mail of various kinds. 
 
 In 1880, the total receipts of the office were 
 $81,383.60, from the sale of stamps, envelopes, 
 postiil cards, paper and periodical stamps, post- 
 age on unpaid letters, etc.; the total expenses 
 were 118,234.06, aiul the net income of the office, 
 $63,148.64. In 1870, the entire force of the office 
 including postmaster was six; at present it num- 
 bers thirty-five, viz: the postmaster, the deputy 
 postmaster, T. E. Hughes; the superintendent 
 of carriers, A. A. Keith; the superintendent of 
 mailing department, R. L. Woodworth; one spec- 
 ial agent, one local agent, fourteen clerks, and 
 the carriers. The office inider the present admin- 
 isti'ation is the pride of JSlinneapolis, and a mon- 
 ument to the executive ability of George II. 
 Keith and his efficient corps of assistants. 
 
 CHAPTER LXXV. 
 
 BUSINESS OF THE CITY— CITY PROPERTY'— PUB- 
 LIC AND PRIVATE BUILDINGS. 
 
 Before turning the leaf on the city of Minne- 
 apolis a brief resume of its interests and indus- 
 tries will be given. When i-ailroad commvuiicatiou 
 was deficient, Minneapolis contested the point of 
 the head of navigation with a zealous neighbor, 
 because ready means of communication is a vital 
 point to a city claiming the position of a distri- 
 buting point or centre of trade, while it is nearly 
 as essential to a manufacturing centre. When the 
 issue of the struggle was reached and ilinneapo- 
 lis was compelled to occupy a secondary place so 
 far as river transportation was concerned, it 
 seemed that her prestige as a centre of interior 
 trade was forever decided. During the years in- 
 tervening between the settlement of that con- 
 troversy and the present time, however, such im 
 proved facilities of railroad transportation have 
 grown with the country, that the question is 
 
 again an open one whether Minneapolis shall not 
 become the commercial centre of the north-west, 
 in addition to her acknowledged supremacy as a 
 manufacturing centre. The growth of cities and 
 their control of trade are never accidental, nor 
 always due to natural situation, though that 
 must always be an important factor in the pro- 
 duct obtained. At one time in tlie early history 
 of America, New York city was over-shadowed 
 by Newport, Rhode Island, and letters from Eng- 
 land were addressed to "New York near New- 
 port." The superiority of the harlior at Newport 
 and many natural advantages, conspired to make 
 it the chief city of the continent. In that case 
 the cupidity of citizens was the cause of the 
 greater growth of the rival city. Other instances 
 of like character might be given. Capital and the 
 disposition to employ it in business enterprises, 
 must in Minneapolis be the determining factors. 
 The problem of transportation is sohed by the 
 construction of a net-work of railroads centering 
 at this point, and a survey of the business 
 of the city will show to what extent the 
 facilities are already utilized; at the same time it 
 must be admitted that importation of articles 
 which should be manufactured here, has in- 
 creased in a four-fold ratio to the growth of man- 
 ufacturing capacity. Tlie manufacture of lumber 
 and flour will not be included in this resume of 
 business, except in the general summary. 
 
 Next to flour and lumber in importance, are tlie 
 the manufactories of iron, carriages and wagons. 
 Seventy-six establishments are employed in these 
 branches of industry, with a total capital of .^811 ,- 
 450, and a product of manufactures amounting 
 11,646,349 during the past year, employing 1210 
 men, paying out $537,216 in wages. Prominent 
 among these are the North Star, Minneaiiolis, 
 ^'ariety and Union, which companies are em- 
 ployed in constructing machinery adapted to the 
 extensive mills of various kinds in the city and 
 north-west. The manufacture of farm machinery 
 is extensively carried on, and the wlu)lesale trade 
 in this department is large and increasing. The 
 Minneapolis Harvester Works is the most exten- 
 sive estal)lishment of this kind in the city, fur- 
 nishing employment to a large number of men. 
 An accoinit of this institution is given under the 
 manufactories of the city. Two paper mills are in 
 operation, employing 1310,000 capital and seven-
 
 496 
 
 HISTORY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 ty-eight men, paying annually in wages f34,000 ; 
 value of paper product $2(18,900. Planing mills, 
 sash, door and niouUliiig factories, twelve in all, 
 employ ?247,loO capital, 4ol men and pay annu- 
 ally in wages *14o,4.54; product :t60o,770. Thir- 
 ty-four boot and shoe factories employ ¥1-52,900 
 capital, 1-51 men, and pay annually !f60,900 in 
 wages; product $235,660. Eleven brick yards 
 employ $128,o00 capital, 120 men and pay annu- 
 ally :; 42,350 in wages; product S93,700. Sixteen 
 printing and publishing establishments emploj 
 5151,500 capital.342 men.paying $140,100 annually 
 in wages ; product S370,400. Twenty-five slaugh- 
 tering establishments employ $65,500 capital, 101 
 men, paying ■■:43,181 annually in wages; product 
 1553,429. Stone quarries, ten in number, employ 
 -s 34.500 capital, 113 men. paying 838,000 annually 
 in wages; product i 284,000. 
 
 The following statistics taken from the annual 
 report fif the lioard of trade for 1880, gives another 
 exhibit of the product of miscellaneous manufac- 
 turing: Iron works and farm macbiueiy, car- 
 riages and wagons, ^3,260,000; furniture and 
 kindred goods, $520.000 ; builders' goods of all 
 classes, 51,173,000 ; woolen, cotton and knit goods, 
 1510,000 ; clothing and furnishing goods, $725,- 
 000 ; boots, shoes, harnesses and trunks, $710,000 ; 
 crackers, candies and cigars, $421,000; linseed 
 and other oils and chemicals, $311,000 ; cooperage 
 of all kinds, $851,000 ; soap and fertilizers, $410,- 
 000; brown paper, etc.. 5287,000: brewers and vine- 
 gar rectifiers. S260.000 ; brick, and manufactured 
 stone, 5275,000 : printers and book binders, $320,- 
 000 : total $10,333,000, exclusive of flour and lum- 
 ber. 
 
 Items in regard to the wholesale trade have al- 
 ready been embodied in chapter sixty-six. The 
 growth of this branch of trade has been remark- 
 able, as will be seen from tlie following compara- 
 tive statement, for the last five years : In 1876 it 
 amounted to $5,373,651 ; in 1877, to $8,147,275 ; 
 in 1878, to 510.406.250; in 1879, to $14,001,700; 
 in 1880, to 524.299.200 ; showing that the trade 
 has more than quadrupled during that time. Five 
 important wholesale and retail hardware stores 
 do each an extensive business, viz.: II. 1). Wood 
 and Co.; Jamiey, Brooks and Eastman; A. R. 
 Miller; Smith and Day, 529 Washington Avenue 
 south ; Smith and Scribner; 523 Washington Av- 
 enue south. Four wliolesalc and retail grocers 
 
 do business aggregating nearly four millions. 
 Seven wholesale wine and liquor dealers ; seven- 
 teen <iueensware, drug and oil dealers ; ten dry 
 goods, clothing, hats and caps ; seven cracker 
 and confectionery ; four agricultural implements; 
 Ten furniture and carpets; twenty-six produce 
 commission ; sundry, boots, shoes, leather and 
 hides ; also paper and stationery. These com- 
 prise the great bulk of the wholesale trade of 
 Minneapolis, aside from flour and lumber. 
 
 The retail trade embraces too numerous a list 
 for special mention. A few of the most import- 
 ant branches are given. Twenty-eight dealers 
 represent the retail trade in boots and shoes, be- 
 side the foity boot and shoe makers; twenty- 
 six, cigars and tobacco ; seventeen, clothing ; 
 twenty-eight, confectionery and fruits; twenty-sLx 
 druggists; thirty-two, dry goods; five fancy goods 
 only; eleven, furniture; fifteen, gents" furnish- 
 ing goods; one hundred and eighteen, groceries; 
 eleven, hardware ; forty-two, meat markets ; 
 twenty-one, millinery ; twenty-five, watch-ma- 
 kers and jewelers ; fourteen, wood and coal; 
 other establishments in proportion. The aggre- 
 gate business of the city, wholesale and retail, 
 including flour and lumber makes a grand total 
 of over $50,000,000. Places of amusement are 
 the Academy of Music, Pence Opera House, and 
 two others of inferior grade ; billiard saloons, 
 twenty; drinking saloons, one hundred and sixty- 
 four; boarding-houses, fift>-one; hotels, fort}'- 
 six; restam-ants, twenty-three; baths, eight; bar- 
 bers, thirty-six; city liacks. ten; circulating libra- 
 ries, tW'O. 
 
 The professions are represented liy one hun- 
 dred lawyers, eighty-four physicians, twenty-two 
 dentists, six civil engmeers, fourteen music 
 teachers, and clergy as shown under churches. 
 Eeal estate dealers are fifty-four, loan agents 
 seventeen, insurance agents twenty-six, repre- 
 senting one hundred and twenty-seven compan- 
 ies. Photographers are tliirteen in number; tax- 
 idermists, three ; florists, seven; carvers two ; 
 carpenters, builders and contractors, forty-two. 
 
 Cooperage is quite an important industry, 
 stimulated by the flouring business, and is car- 
 ried on by several large firms, with modern ma- 
 chinery. 
 
 The city property consisting of bridges, city 
 hall, city prison, real estate, fire department
 
 PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 
 
 497 
 
 property; gas fixtures, sewers, water-works, 
 pumps, horses, funds invested, oftlce furniture, 
 etc., is $1,290,639.68, besides tlie scliool buildings 
 and property not included. The bonded debt of 
 the city is 11,101,000; bonded school debt not in- 
 cluded, $96,500. The assessed value (about two- 
 thirds) of real and personal property in 1880, was 
 $28,013,315. The rate of tax levy for 1879-80, 
 was 16.1 mills. 
 
 Prominent buildings; the city hall located on 
 an angular piece of ground at the junction of 
 Nicollet and Hennepin, is the property of the city. 
 The building is four-stories high with abasement; 
 built of the blue limestone, quarried within the 
 city limits. A large portion of the building not 
 required for city purposes is occupied by the 
 post-office. Tribune, Pioneer Press and others by 
 means of which it proves a valuable investment 
 to the city. 
 
 Other buildings, the property of the city, are 
 not worthy of mention, as ornamental structures 
 and some, especially the comity buildings, are in- 
 adequate to the large and increasing demands of 
 business. The fire stations, however, seven in 
 number, located in different parts of the city are 
 of handsome design. Station "G" corner of 
 Washington Avenue and Thirteenth Avenue 
 south, recently completed, cost with the lot $8,- 
 475.92. "This building is, without doubt, one of 
 the most convenient and complete fire stations in 
 the north-west, and will compare favorably with 
 any in the United States."' 
 
 The city market mentioned elsewhere, is locat- 
 ed on Bridge square. It was built in 1876, by 
 the present proprietor Harlow A. Ciale, under a 
 special contract with the city by virtue of which 
 he controls and receives the rents during a term 
 of years, for booths, stalls, and locations on the 
 streets and side walks surrounding the building. 
 Here hucksters congregate, affording a great con- 
 venience to citizens in the purchase of supplies. 
 
 Many business blocks are of such elegant and 
 extensive proportions as to attract the notice of 
 visitors, and are worthy of special mention. It 
 will be possible, however, to mention only a few 
 of the most prominent. 
 
 The Academy of Music, located on Hennepin 
 Avenue, corner of Washington, is a brick struct- 
 ure of four stories, with a mansard roof, and is an 
 
 elegant block. 
 32 
 
 The Andrews block, built of brick, four stories, 
 is a striking building, well adapted to the whole- 
 sale trade by which it is occupied. 
 
 The Casey block is a magnificent building with 
 forty-four feet front on jSTicoUet Avenue, in depth 
 112 feet. It is four stories in height, built of 
 brick, faced with Lemont limestone. 
 
 The Eastman block, four stories high, with a 
 front of Ohio sandstone, the Day block, of pressed 
 brick on Washington Avenue, the Domestic block 
 of Ohio sandstone on Nicollet Avenue,the Johnson 
 block, corner of Washington and Hennepin Ave- 
 nues, and many other fine business structures are 
 features of the city. 
 
 Hotels. Many of the hotels deserve mention 
 among the fine buildings of the city. The fol- 
 lowing in regard to them is of interest : The first 
 hotel in this city was, as has beeii previously 
 stated, the St. Charles, built in St. Anthony, in 
 1850, and kept by Anson Northrup. The Wins- 
 low House, in which many thousand dollars were 
 invested, was at one time the leading hotel of the 
 nortli-west, and a popular resort for southern 
 people previous to tlie war. After its southern 
 patronage ceased, it continued for a time at a 
 loss, but was subsequently closed, to be opened 
 no more as a hotel. The building was used as a 
 tenement for a time and finally became the prop- 
 erty of Macalester College, and is now occupied 
 by that institution. The first hotel on the west 
 side was erected by Anson Norttoup, near the 
 falls, in 1853, known as the Minneapolis House. 
 The Nicollet House was built in 1857, by Eustis 
 and Nudd. It was begun in May of that year, 
 and when completed, had a frontage of 110 feet 
 on Hennepin, and 100 feet on Washington Ave- 
 nue, containing about ninety guest rooms, com- 
 modious dining room, office and parlors. The 
 cost of the building was S80,000. The house was 
 under the management of Eustis and Nudd until 
 1861, when the latter sold his interest to Eustis, 
 who leased the house, the same year, to I. P. Hill. 
 From that time imtil 1866 it was conducted by va- 
 rious parties. In that year, F. S. Gilson and 
 Company purchased it, for .$40,000. This firm 
 managed the house until 1870, when, their in- 
 creasing trade demanding more room, they built 
 an addition, making the house its present size, 
 and giving one hundred and twenty-five rooms. 
 The new part was opened m July, 1871. Two
 
 498 
 
 UISTOBT OF HE^^KEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 years later, the house was leased to McKibbon 
 and Vosburg. and iii 1878 Mr. Gilson again took 
 it. and continued nntil ilay, 1880, when it was 
 leased to John T. West. In 1879 Mr. Gilsou 
 made some important changes, building a new of- 
 fice and rotiuida. with entrances on 'Washington 
 Avenue. This house has been, since its first 
 opening, the leading hotel of the city. 
 
 Among the remaining forty-five hotels in Min- 
 neapolis, seven of them rank high as houses of 
 the second class: The Clark. Merchants, Wind- 
 sor, I^ational. St. James, Bellevue and Pauly. 
 The others are of the various grades. In addi- 
 tion to the hotels, there are a number of public and 
 private boarding houses, that are largely patron- 
 ized by citizens and those sojourning tempo- 
 rarily. 
 
 In this connection, the places of amusement 
 and their history, with the fine buildings occu- 
 pied by them is introduced. 
 
 Previous to the erection of Harrison's Hall, 
 about 1860. the public hall of Mumeapolis known 
 as Boardman"s Hall, was located on the corner of 
 Washmgton and Second Avenues south. This 
 building is now the First National Hotel. Har- 
 rison's Hall, with seating capacity of about four 
 or five hundred was used for amusements vrntil 
 1S66, when J. AV. Pence, seeing the need of an 
 opera house, built and funiislied Pence Opera 
 House. It is located on the comer of Hennepin 
 Avenue and Second street, and when erected had a 
 seating capacity of seven hundred. The building 
 is of brick, three stories high and basement. The 
 first floor is used for stores, the second floor is di- 
 vided into offices, and on the third floor is the 
 haU. During the summer of 1879, the rear of the 
 floor of the auditorium was raised, giving it an in- 
 cline towards the stage, the seating capacitj- 
 increased from seven to nine Innidred. and folding 
 opera chairs put in. It was opened October 21, 
 1879, with a stock company under management 
 of John Murray, who was followed in the season 
 of 1880 by the Bryton and Carver stock company 
 and called the "Criterion Theati-e." Bryton and 
 Can-er closed before the season was over. Miss 
 Phosa McAllister opened January 24th, 1881, 
 with a full stock company of thirty people and is 
 enjoying merited success. 
 
 Joseph Hodges, who came from ProNidence, 
 Khode Island, about 1870, concluded that amuse- 
 
 ment-gorng Minneapolitans would support a lar- 
 ger and finer opera house than the city then pos- 
 sessed, and in 1870-"71, erected the Academy of 
 Music on the corner of Hennepin and Washing- 
 ton Avenues. The building is 80x113 feet, four 
 stories in height, with a truss roof. The first 
 floor is occupied by stores, the second floor is di- 
 \'ided into offices, and on the third and fourth is the 
 opera hall. The auditorium seats 1.400 persons, 
 594 in the gallerj- and 806 below. Over 2,000 
 persons have congregated in the hall on several 
 occasions. The structure and ground was pur- 
 chased in ]SIay, 1873, by the Herrick Bros, and 
 Thomas Lowry. The present owiiers are D. Mor- 
 rison, Herrick Bros., and the estate of C. G. 
 Goodrich. It is valued at §150,000, and is the 
 finest structure of the kind north-west of Chicago. 
 Since the ownership of Mr. Hodges, the Academy 
 of Music has been under the management of W. 
 W. and E. W. Herrick. 
 
 The Univei-sity, on Universit>- Avenue, is a 
 stately building, occupying high ground, and 
 \-isible from nearly all parts of the city. It is 
 constructed from native limestone and occupies 
 spacious groinids a little removed from the noise 
 and bustle of the business portion of the city, 
 but convenient of access. The high school build- 
 ing with its towers, is another noticeable feature, 
 built of limestone and Kasota sandstone, situ- 
 ated in the heart of the city. 
 
 Among the many private residences on which 
 wealth and taste have been lavished to such an 
 extent as to invest them with general interest to 
 citizens, we can here mention but few. The 
 Judd residence, situated on Sixth Avenue south 
 and Fifth street, is the most showy resi- 
 dence in the city. The grounds occupy the en- 
 tire block, and are adorned with beautiful shade 
 trees and landscape gardening. The house is of 
 cream-colored brick, and is princely in its pro- 
 portions and architecture. 
 
 The residence of Jesse G. Jones, corner of 
 Firet Avenue south and Tenth street, is a model 
 of fine taste and beautiful architecture. The 
 houses of C. H. Pettit, corner of Second Avenue 
 south and Tenth street, and Thomas Lowry, 
 city limits, are of cream-colored brick, and among 
 the finest of the city. 
 
 Hon. A. C. Rand has a stately mansion, comer 
 of Seventh street and Sixth Avenue south,
 
 BIOGBAPHICAL. 
 
 499 
 
 built of asliestine. L. Christian's residence, cor- 
 ner of Fiftli Avenue soutli and Eighth street, 
 that of Hon. George A. Pillsbury, corner of 
 Tenth sti'eet and Third Avenue south, and that 
 of Hon. J. S. Pillsljury, corner of Tenth Ave- 
 nue and Fiftli street south-east, are palatial es- 
 tablishments. 
 
 It is a matter of regi'et that limited space pre- 
 vents the acknowledgement of the debt due from 
 the citizens at large, to the numerous other 
 wealthy gentlemen who have beautified the city by 
 expending large sums in the construction of fine 
 residences and laying out ornamental grounds. 
 
 Of banks, churches, newspapers and societies 
 such extended notice has already been given, as 
 to leave little of fresh matter for this summary. 
 Of banks, more are needed; the board of trade 
 report placed the deficiency of banking capital, 
 that would be profitably employed, if immediately 
 invested here, at $1,00(1,000 or more. Of churches, 
 the number and seating capacity appears large, 
 though new structures are now building. Of 
 newspapers, there are more than twenty. The 
 professions are largely and ably represented; 
 room, however, is always found on the "top shelf" 
 for new-comers qualified to assume the position. 
 
 CHAPTER LXXVI. 
 
 BIOGRAPniCAL, A AND 1!. 
 
 Judge Isaac Atwater. In few men are more 
 rare combinations of talent required, than in pio- 
 neers of new coiuitries; invincible courage, enter- 
 prize tempered by prudence ; promptness and 
 decision united with calm refiection; sagacity 
 combined with enthusiasm, are indispensable 
 requisites. Trades, professions, creeds, in short 
 all that has a tendency to make a successful com- 
 monwealth must be represented as near the be- 
 gmnmg as possible. Among those who planted 
 the foundation for the future city of Minneapolis, 
 and assisted m laying the corner stone of the 
 state of Minnesota, none contributed more zeal- 
 ously than Judge Isaac Atwater, who arrived 
 at St. Anthony Falls, in 1850. He is a native of 
 Homer, Cortland county. New York, where he 
 
 lived and worked on the farm imtil he was six- 
 teen years of age, which life he then abandoned 
 for the necessary preparation incident to a pro- 
 fession. He received a thorough classical educa- 
 tion, and graduated at Yale college, in 1844, and 
 two years subsequently in like manner graduated 
 at Yale law school. Promptly upon being ad- 
 mitted to the bar he commenced a successful 
 practice of law in New York city, which was 
 continued until his removal to St. Anthony, where 
 immediately upon his arrival, he entered into 
 partnership with Hon. John W. North, and con- 
 tinued the practice of his profession in the dis- 
 trict and supreme courts of the Territory. A 
 few months subsequently to his arrival, he was 
 appointed one of the regents of the state univer- 
 sity of Minnesota, and, on the organization of the 
 board, was made secretary, which responsible 
 position he held for nine years, performing the 
 duties in the most satisfactory manner, and this, 
 too, without compensation. It is proper to re- 
 mark that had it not been for the judicious 
 course pursued by Judge Atwater and his col- 
 leagues in these early days, none of whom ever 
 received any compensation for their services, but 
 on the other hand contributed large sums of 
 money from their own pockets in the interest of 
 the institution, there is no probability that the 
 stately edifice which we all are so proud of woidd 
 have been built at all, or at least not in this 
 neighborhood. To the first board of regents are 
 the citizens indebted for the inauguration of the 
 the University of Minnesota, at the Falls of St. 
 Anthony. Several lil)eral citizens, then residents 
 on both banks of the Mississippi, such as Calvin 
 A. Tuttle, Esqr., also subscribed and paid, large 
 subscriptions to enable the regents to commence 
 the erection of suitable preparatorj- Ijuildings for 
 the use of the university. In 1851. upon the ad- 
 vent of the St. Anthony Express, Judge Atwater, 
 in addition to his numerous other duties, became 
 editor-in-chief of that paper, and conducted the 
 editorial columns with great ability until his eleva- 
 tion to the supreme bench upon the organization 
 of the state government in 1857. His vigorous 
 and able pen soon gave this paper, then published 
 on the extreme frontier, a national reputation, 
 and it was the source of the introduction of 
 thousands and thousands of emigrants into the 
 territory as permanent settlers.
 
 500 
 
 HJSTOEY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 In 1853 he received the suffrages of the citizens 
 of Hennepin countj' for disti'ict attorney. This 
 office, in a new country, wliere theinliabitauts are 
 concentrated from tlie four quarters of the globe, 
 is attended with difficulties which are unluiown 
 in old settled communities. In 1857 he was 
 elected one of the associate justices of the su- 
 preme court. His elevation to a seat on the su- 
 preme bench necessarily caused him to vacate the 
 editorial chair of the St. Anthony Express, but 
 his habits of industry were continued in frequent 
 contributions of articles of rare merit, which ap- 
 peared in the leading periodicals of the day. In 
 1S64 he resigned the office of supreme judtfe, in 
 consequence of a determhiation to visit the Pa- 
 cific States for the purpose of resuming the prac- 
 tice of law. He opened an office in Carson City, 
 Nevada, extending his practice to A'irginia City, 
 in that state. He remained three years on the 
 Pacific slope, when he returned to iliuneapolis. 
 and has since that time continued the practice of 
 his profession, occupying at the same time, for 
 years, a seat in the city council, a portion of 
 which time he was president of the board of al- 
 dermen. For eight years he was a member of the 
 board of education, an important trust for which 
 his knowledge, habits, and interest in schools pe- 
 culiarly fitted him. The three last years of his 
 service with the board, he was president of that 
 body. It will he seen that Judge Atwater has 
 bestowed a good deal of his valuable time to mu- 
 nicipal as well as educational purposes, and to his 
 mfluence and services are the citizens largely in- 
 debted for the healthy and prosperous condition 
 of the matters closely connected with the city af- 
 fairs, as well as the excellent system of schools 
 which abounds in ilinneapohs. He is also a val- 
 uable member of the board of trade, which in a 
 measure, shapes the future destinies of the city. 
 Judge Atwater belongs to the Protestant Episco- 
 pal Church, in which he has occupied numerous 
 positions and trusts in the interest of Cliristianity, 
 and is always ready to bestow aid and assist in 
 the elevation of mankind. 
 
 In 1819, Judge Atwater was married to Miss 
 Permelia A. Sanborn, a lady who is imiversally 
 respected by a large circle of acquaintances. Her 
 beautiful home is surrounded with the choicest 
 floral gifts, the fruits of her handiwork. She 
 takes much interest in the propagation of plants, 
 
 flowers and \'ines. w'luch make oiu- homes cheer- 
 ful and happy. Her good works in these things 
 were held in such high estimation by the State 
 Ilorticidtural Societj'. that she was unanimously 
 elected an honorary member of that society. The 
 Judge and Mrs. Atwater have had three children. 
 Cora, tlie eldest, a bright little girl, died in 1852, 
 aged fifteen months. L. Isabel, the second 
 daughter, is the wife of Col. A. C. Eeid, of San 
 Francisco, California. The youngest, John B., 
 is also a graduate of Yale College, has chosen 
 the same profession as his father, and is the jun- 
 ior member of the firm of Atwater and Atwater, 
 attorneys at law. 
 
 Alfred Elisha Ames, deceased. As a represen- 
 tative of the pioneer settlers of Minnesota none are 
 more deserving of a bright record, than Alfred 
 Elisha Ames, whose life was a great success. He 
 was a native of Colchester, "\'ermont, where he 
 was born December 13th. 1814. He attended the 
 common schools a few months of each year, work- 
 ing on a farm the balance of the time, until he 
 was seventeen years of age. Under the influence 
 of his honest, industrious parents, his mind was 
 fitted to look beyond his immediate suiToundings, 
 and win his way to an honored and useful career. 
 In 1832 he went to PainesviUe, Ohio, where he 
 attended school during the winter, working for 
 his board with a doctor. He became interested in 
 medicine, reading when opportmuty was afforded. 
 He engaged in farming and brickmaking for some 
 time, and in 1S36 he, with his newly wedded 
 wife, emigrated to Boone county, IlUnois, where 
 his father, with family had preceded him. In 
 1837 his father died, and all depended upon his 
 exertions for the support of his wife, also his 
 widowed mother and her family. In November, 
 1838, taking a pack on his back, he started by 
 way of an Indian trail to Vandalia. then the seat 
 of government. Tlirough the kind ett'orts of 
 Hon. Stephen A. Douglass, he obtained employ- 
 ment as deputy of the secretary' of state and pri-" 
 vate secretary to Gov. Carlin. In 1840 Mr. Ames 
 attended medical lectures at Rush Medical Col- 
 lege, Cliicago, under Professor Daniel Brainerd ; 
 he afterward worked on his farm reading medi- 
 cine nights; later with Dr. R. S. Maloney, of 
 Belvidere, where he also began to practice. In 
 1842 he was elected to the state legislatiu-e from 
 the counties of Boone, McHenry, Kane, De Kalb
 
 BIOGBAPHICAL. 
 
 501 
 
 and Grundy. After the adjournment of tlie 
 legislature, lie went to Chicago and attended a 
 course of medical lectures, studying with Profes- 
 sor Brainerd. He attended another course of 
 lectures at Chicago, and graduated from Rush 
 Medical college in February, 1845. In 1847 he 
 •made a professional visit to New York. Philadel- 
 phia, Baltimore, Washington, Cincinnati, and St. 
 Louis, visiting all the hospitals and deriving 
 much benefit from the tour. He was elected to 
 the state senate of Illinois in 18-19. At Spring- 
 held, Governor French commissioned him pay- 
 master-general of his staff and the next year, ow- 
 ing to his faithful devotion, he was re-elected to 
 the senate. In October, 1851, lie came to Saint 
 Anthony in quest of a new home, and in Novem- 
 ber located a claim and l)uilt a shanty on the 
 present site of Minneapolis. Forming a partner- 
 ship with Dr. J. II. Murphy, he began the prac- 
 tice of medicine at Saint Anthony. He was 
 elected to the territorial legislature from Henne- 
 pin county in 1852 and in October, 1854, he was 
 chosen probate judge. In 1856 Dr. Ames drew 
 the bill for incorporating the village of Minne- 
 apolis, and was appointed its postmaster. On 
 June 1st, 1857, he was elected a memlier of the 
 constitutional convention, in which body he was 
 chairman of the committee on school lands and 
 university, and in 1860 was a memlier of the state 
 normal school board. In 1862 he visited the hos- 
 pitals in the principal eastern cities, and return- 
 ing home resumed his practice. In 1868 he went 
 east to visit his native place and May 1st he em- 
 barked at New York city for California, being ab- 
 sent several months. After his return he con- 
 tinued to reside and practice in this city until his 
 death. He served in many imblic capacities; was 
 a member and usually a leader in all medical so- 
 cieties, also actively interested in all matters per- 
 taining to educational advantages. During the 
 summer of 1874 his health began to fail him and in 
 September he passed peacefully to his rest. His 
 funeral, which took place the Sunday following, 
 was conducted by Dr. .McJlasters of St. Paul, at- 
 tended by nearly all the masonic bodies in the 
 state. Dr. Ames was an enthusiastic worker in 
 the cause of masonry, ilany lodges were organ- 
 ized and instructed by him ; he was the first grand 
 master and organized the first grand lodge hi the 
 state. He was a member of the Episcopal 
 
 church. His marriage witli Martha A.Pratt, oc- 
 curred at tieneva, Oliio, in 1836. By this union 
 they had seven sons, five of whom with their 
 mother, survive him. 
 
 Eli B. Ames was born in Colchester, Vermont, 
 August 3d, 1820. In 1832, moved to Ohio, and 
 in 1836 to Boone county, Illinois, where he lived 
 until 1841, then went to Ottawa and was admitted 
 to the bar in 1842, when he moved to Hennepin, 
 Putnam county, Illinois, where he was postmaster 
 from 1844 to 1848. Probate judge from 1848 to 
 1850. Member of the state legislature in 1851 and 
 1852. Governor iladison's private secretary fortwo 
 years. In 1855, appointed consul to Hamburg, and 
 acted as such until tlie spring of 1857. Dur- 
 ing that spring he went to Washington, to arrange 
 a postal treaty between that comitry and the 
 United States, for the general exchange of Ger- 
 man mail through Hamburg. He succeeded in 
 the undertaking, and also in reducmg the rate of 
 postage from thirty to ten cents. He showed 
 such ability in the office as consul, that the con- 
 sulate was held open for his return a year, which 
 he did not do, but came to Minneapolis in June, 
 1857, and located, opening a general insurance 
 business, which he has followed to the present 
 time. He was secretary of the state senate from 
 1861 to 1864, and elected mayor of Minneapolis 
 in 1870 and 1871. ilairied Miss Delia A. Payne, 
 in St. Louis, Missouri, May 31st, 1854. They 
 have had three children, all Hving, Addie II., 
 Alice D. and Agnes L. 
 
 Ezra B. Ames, was born at Garden Prairie, 
 Illinois, August 26th, 1837. Is a son of Dr. A. 
 E. Ames, who made the first kiln of brick in 
 Chicago, and was one of the early settlers of that 
 region. Mr. Ames moved with his parents, in 
 the spring of 1852, to Mmneapohs, attended the 
 first school in this city, taught by Mary A. Scho- 
 field; only six pupils attended, himself and two 
 brothers, two brothers of the ^IcLeod family and 
 Emma Tuttle, in a log house near where the 
 Washburn mill now stands; also attended the first 
 courts held in the old government mill, and first 
 rehgious services, at which the Rev. Mr. Pond 
 officiated. In 1854, he engaged as clerk with 
 Tuft, Reynolds and Whittemore in the mercantile 
 business, remained until 1856, when he opened a 
 general store at Dayton and continued until 1860. 
 Then engaged in milling at Rockford, Wright
 
 502 
 
 HISTORY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 count}-, until 1862, when he enlisted in First 
 Minnesota Cavalry, served his term of one year, 
 and was houoralily discharged. On his return, 
 opened in company with ]Mr. Hopper, a meat 
 market, on the comer of Washington and Nicol- 
 let Avenues, which business he followed until 
 1871. after wliich he engaged in the commis- 
 sion business, and latterly has given his atten- 
 tion to his own real estate and tenement business. 
 Was married at ^Minneapolis. January 1st, 1864, 
 to Mary C. Hopper, one of the early comers to 
 this city. They have had four children, two 
 now li^^ng; Edgar C. and Frederick. A. 
 
 Albert Alonzo Ames was bom at Garden Prai- 
 rie, Boone county, Illinois, January 18th, 1842. 
 At ten years of age he moved wth his parents to 
 Minneapolis, graduated from the high school at 
 sixteen, and at once commenced the study of 
 medicine with Ids father. Graduated at the Rush 
 Medical College, of Chicago. February oth. 1862. 
 Married. April 21st, 1862, to Miss Sarah, daughter 
 of Capt. Richard Strout, of Minneapolis. In 
 August, 1862, Dr. Ames, in company with others, 
 raised Company B of 9th ilimiesota Volunteer 
 Infantn , and engaged in the service on the fron- 
 tier, participating in all the battles of liis regi- 
 ment against the Indians. In the fall of 1863, 
 accompanied his regiment south, and was in active 
 sersice until the close of the war. His experi- 
 ence in surgery, gained during his time of senice, 
 was of great value to him. In July, 1864, he 
 was commissioned surgeon, and served in that 
 capacity until mustered out. August 18th, 1865. 
 Returned to Minneapolis, and engaged in the 
 practice of his profession with his father. In 
 November. 1866. he was elected to the state legis- 
 lature from Hennepin county. In 1868, went to 
 California, and engaged in the newspaper busi- 
 ness imtil 1874, when he returned to Minneapolis, 
 where he has since remained. After the death of 
 his father, in September, 1874, he took liis prac- 
 tice, and has continued it since. Has held sev- 
 eral offices of prominence, and was elected mayor 
 of Minneapolis in 1876. Is a member of the Ma- 
 sonic fraternity. Odd Fellows, Diiuds, and 
 Knights of Pythias. Has three chikb-en li\-ing : 
 Charlie C. Effie F., and Frankie E. 
 
 Herman Abel, was bom in Germany in 1825. 
 Learned the dyeing and scouring business in his 
 native country, and followed it for thirty-one 
 
 years in Germany and the United States. He has 
 been engaged in Minneapolis since 1878, and is at 
 present, located at No. 304 Hennepin Avenue. 
 Married Kosina Flad, June, 1861. They have 
 two children. Anna C. and George J. 
 
 A. M. Alden. was born in Cortland county, 
 New York, October 24th, 1838. At the age of 
 twelve, moved with parents to ^IcHenry county, 
 Illinois. In 1855, came to Mmnesota and settled 
 in Fillmore coimty, and engaged in farmuig there 
 and in Dodge county until 1863. Thence to 
 Olmsted county, engaged in the dry goods busi- 
 ness until 1866, then to Fillmore county again, 
 engaging in a general merchandise business imtD 
 1872. when he moved to Minneapolis and en- 
 gaged in the grocery and crockery trade until 
 1880, when be retired for the purpose of looking 
 after his property, ilarried in 1860. to Maria 
 Shedd, of New Hampshire. They have five chil- 
 dren. Elizabeth E., Wm. A.. Jennie M.. Bertha 
 F., Edwin M. His wife died in 1871. Married 
 for second wife. Mrs. H. E. Pardee, of Elgin. 
 Illinois. They have had four children, two now 
 living; Lyman S. and Harriet M. 
 
 Z. O. Allen, born in Washington conntw ilaine. 
 June 7th, 1859. Came to Minneapolis, in July, 
 1878. engaging in several different branches of 
 business until August. 1880, when he bought an 
 interest in the meat market located at 717 Wash- 
 ington Avenue south: firm name. Barber and Com- 
 pany. 
 
 J. C. Allworth. Proprietor of the Allworth 
 House, located at 118 Second street south. It is a 
 two-story buikling with thirteen rooms, with the 
 office, bar, dining-room and kitchen on the first 
 floor, and the parlor on the second floor. 
 
 James il. Allan was born in Montreal, Canada, 
 February 11th, 1843. In 1857, moved with his 
 parents to Upper Canada. In 1860 moved, and 
 lived at Fort Atkinson, Iowa, one year, then to 
 Decorah and learned the blacksmith trade. En- 
 listed, in 1863. in the Forty-sixth Iowa Infantry, 
 and went to Tennessee, and was discharged at 
 Davenport, September 23d, 1863. In 1872 went 
 to Montana and engaged in mining and pros- 
 pecting. Moved the same year to Minneapohs 
 and worked six years for R. B. Langdon & Com- 
 pany. AVas appointed on the poUce force in 
 March. 1879, which position he has since held. 
 Married November 14th. 1865, to Mary E. Mead-
 
 BIOGBAPHICAL. 
 
 503 
 
 ow. They have had three cliildren; one now liv- 
 hig — Leon L. 
 
 Andrew Anderson was born in Xorway, Jan- 
 uary 22d, 1845. Game to the United States in 
 1866, and settled in Iowa, where he worked on 
 a farm for two years. Moved to Hastings, Min- 
 nesota, in 1868, and worked three years on a 
 farm and in a saw mill. Came to Minneapolis 
 in 1871, and opened a saloon, wliich he continued 
 for one year, then worked at coopering three years, 
 and is now located at No. 1225, Fifth street south, 
 in saloon business. Married Miss Clara Ander- 
 son; they have one child, Louisa. 
 
 C. H. Anderson, born in Sweden. Moved to 
 the United States and settled in Minneapolis in 
 1872, where he worked for six months in a meat 
 market, then engaged for tlie Minneapolis and 
 St. Louis Railroad Company until 1877, when he 
 made a trip to his old home in Sweden, remain- 
 ing there for nine months, when he returned to 
 Minneapolis and engaged in the clothing business 
 until tlie spring of 1880, when he engaged in the 
 wood trade on the corner of Washington Avenue 
 and Sixth Avenue south. 
 
 C. P. Anderson, born ui Sweden, in 1836. Came 
 to America in 1866, and worked in Chicago four 
 months, thence to Red Wing, Minnesota, work- 
 ing six months ; then to Wisconsin, working at 
 his trade, carpentering, for two years, tlience to 
 Lake City, keeping boarding house and saloon 
 five months; then to Burlington, Iowa, working 
 at his trade for two years, tlience to New Ulm, 
 Minnesota, in 1872, for a short time, and to Min- 
 neapolis, working at his trade luitil 1878, when 
 he established liis present business at 1421, 
 Washington Avenue South. 
 
 W. P. Ankeny, deceased, was born at Somer- 
 set, Pennsylvania, October 4th, 1821, died at 
 Minneapolis, December 2()th, 1877. In early life 
 he was the publislier of a newspaper in his native 
 town, also in mercantile business, and holding 
 the position of postmaster. He went to Califor- 
 nia during the excitement attending the opening 
 of that state, and engaged successfully in the 
 stock business. On his return east he engaged 
 in running a steam tannery. In 1857 Mr. An- 
 keny came to Minneapolis, and fi'om that time 
 imtil he was confined to his room by illness, was 
 closely identified with the material growth, and 
 political interests of this city. He built a saw 
 
 mill at the Falls in company with a Mr. Clement 
 and Mr. Robinson of this city. They continued 
 to do a lucrative business until 1872, when he 
 was joined in tlie lumbering business by liis 
 brotlier, A. T. Ankeny. He built the Galaxy 
 mill, in 1871, wliich was burned and rebuilt, and 
 went down in the explosion of 1878. He served 
 as councilman for the sixth ward, and In the fall 
 of 1861, was elected senator for the 27th district. 
 He was largely interested in the Minneapolis 
 and St. Louis Railroad, and the building of the 
 Minneapolis Harvester Works. AVas mainly in- 
 strumental in starting the first Building and Loan 
 Association in the city, and was at one time its 
 president. The many enterprises he was en- 
 gaged in furnished at all times employment for 
 a large number of men. His son, W. S. Ankeny, 
 now occupies a responsible position at the Gal- 
 axy mill. 
 
 A. T. Ankeny was bom at Somerset, Pennsyl- 
 vania, December 27th, 1837. Received his edu- 
 cation at Hiram, Ohio, and at Jefferson College, 
 Cannonsburg, Pennsylvania. Studied law with 
 John D. Ruddy, at Somerset, and completed his 
 studies in the office of Hon. J. S. Black, Attorney 
 General of the United States, at Washington, D. 
 C. He was admitted to the bar April 1st, 1861. 
 In February, 1862, on tlie accession of Hon. E. 
 M. Stanton to the War Department, was appoint- 
 ed by him to a position in the Quartermaster 
 General's office, and held the same until the close 
 of the war. He then resumed the practice of law 
 at Somerset, and for a time was connected with 
 one of the banks at that place. Came to Minne- 
 apolis in the spring of 1872, and became associ- 
 ated witli his brother, W. P. Ankeny, in the man- 
 ufacture of lumber. In 1874, the firm built the 
 Galaxy flourhig mill. Continued in the lumber 
 business until 1877, at that time resuming the 
 practice of law, which he has since continued 
 successfully. Mr. Ankeny was married at 
 Wheeling, West Virginia, May 2d, 1861, to Miss 
 Martha V. Moore, daughter of John Moore, long 
 identified with the interests of Wheeling. They 
 are the parents of five children : Florence, Rob- 
 bie, Nellie, Mattie, and Sallie. Residence on 
 Western Avenue, on the bluffs outside of the 
 city limits, where he owns forty acres of land, 
 portions of it being very desirable residence prop- 
 erty.
 
 504 
 
 HISTORY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 John F. Appleby bomatWhitesborough, Onei- 
 da county. New York. When five years of age 
 came with liis parents to Wisconsin, and was 
 reared on a farm. Enlisted in 1862 in the Twen- 
 ty-third Wisconsin reghiient. and served until 
 honorably discharged July 4th, 1865, at JSIobile, 
 Alabama. During his term of ser\ice he invent- 
 ed the repeating magazine fire-arm, while at the 
 siege of Mcksburg, which he sold to Thomas AV. 
 Lane of Boston, Massachusetts. After his re- 
 turn home he engaged in farming until ]86S; dur- 
 ing which time he completed the "Appleby Twine- 
 binder," patent issued in 1869, and has since then 
 received patents on several different binders; also 
 patents on self-rakes and reapers, the latter known 
 as the "Appleby Reaper." Came to ^linneapolis 
 in March, 1880, and arranged with the Minneapo- 
 lis Han'ester Works to manufacture his twine- 
 binders, engaging with the company as mechanical 
 superuitendent of their works. He completed 
 his binder at Beloit, Wisconsin, where they are 
 still manufactiu-ed. They are also manufactured 
 at riauo. Illinois, Excelsior Works, iliamisburg' 
 Ohio, and at Whitewater, Wisconsin. Mr. Ap- 
 pleby was married at Mazo Manie, Wisconsin, in 
 1847. to Miss A. D. Spink. They have three 
 children. Kuby G.. J. Percy and John Roy. 
 
 A. R. Archibald. Principal and proprietor of 
 Archibald's Business Academy. A native of New- 
 England. Graduated at Dartmouth college, New 
 Hampshire, and came West to take chaige of the 
 Stevens Seminary, Glencoe, Minnesota, filling the 
 position acceptably until the fall of 1876, when 
 he became commandant of the ^linneapoUs Mili- 
 tary Academy. In the fall of 1877, opened the 
 present institution to meet the wants of young 
 people coming into the city, whose education was 
 limited. At first the outlook for success was 
 poor, but at the close of the year twenty names 
 were enrolled. Smce then, the business has de- 
 veloped in spite of opposition, and at present the 
 enrollment numbers sixty names with a prospect 
 of twenty more during the year. Young men 
 and women from the country and cit>- wlio have 
 not the time for a full course, here lind just what 
 is needed to prepare them for the practical pur- 
 suits of life. 
 
 Solon Armstrong was born at Sutton, New 
 Hampshire, May 15th, 1834. Attended the Wes- 
 leyan I'niversity at Middletown, Connecticut, four 
 
 years, then read law with George and Foster, 
 Concord, New Hampshire, until 1857, when he 
 came to St. Anthony and continued his studies 
 with Lawrence and Lochren, until the fall of 
 1857; admitted to the bar the same year, also 
 elected justice of the peace. Held the office till 
 1864, when he entered the government service in 
 in the quartermaster's department one year, mak- 
 ing a trip across the plains with Col. Thomas's 
 expedition. He then went into the office of Todd, 
 Gordon and Co., till 1870. when he was appointed 
 by the city council, city justice and clerk, which 
 offices he held until the unity of the two cities, 
 when the office was abolished. He called a meet- 
 ing of the first council for the union of the two 
 cities. He then entered the Zenith (louring mill 
 office as book-keeper, till 1877, then purchased the 
 old City Mill, after which Mr. M. B. Rollins be- 
 came associated and they continued till the spring 
 of 1878. In company with Mr. C. Noble bought 
 the grocery interest of O. T. Swett and is at present 
 located in Masonic block, I^niversity Avenue 
 East Division. Mr. Armstrong was a member of 
 the city council from 1873 to 1878 and president 
 the last two years. AYas married in Miimeapolis 
 February, 1874, to Mrs. Sarah B. Redfield. who 
 died April 14th, 1879. Has- three children Uving, 
 Bessie P., Solon and Joseph. 
 
 J. H. Arnell was born in Orange count)', New 
 York. February 20th, 1836. Came to IMinneapo- 
 lis May 10th, 1857, and worked at his trade, har- 
 ness-making, for William Murphy. In 1858, went 
 into business for himself, as one of the pioneers 
 in the harness business. At that time there were 
 I'ut Xv,o other shops in ilinneapolis. His first 
 partner was John Conover, who sold out in 1860, 
 leaving him alone. In 1862, he enlisted in the 
 Second JSiinnesota Battery, serving nearly three 
 years. Was discharged from the hospital at 
 Nashville, Tennessee. Returning to Minneapo- 
 lis, he resumed his old business. August. 1874, 
 he joined in partnership with L. Christbeb, and 
 has continued business with him since. AVas 
 married to Francis Peet. of Minneapolis, Septem- 
 ber 23d, 1874. They have two children : Paul B. 
 and Mabel. 
 
 B. Aronson, born in Sweden, December 1st, 
 1845. Was raised on a farm until twenty-one 
 years of age, when he learned the trade of mason, 
 which he has followed constantly since. Came to
 
 BIOGBAPHICAL. 
 
 505 
 
 America in 1867, and located in Minnesota, and 
 commenced woik for tlie Sioux City Railroad, 
 building bridge foundations. Worked in Scott 
 coniity one season, and came to Miinieapolis in 
 1872. Worked for George McMullen in 1872, 
 working for himself alone until the firm of Pat- 
 terson and Aronson was established, in 1877. 
 They now employ from twenty to thirty men. 
 
 John Arnoldy was born in New Ulm, Bmwn 
 county, Minnesota, September 4th, 186(1, where 
 he was brought up to tlie harness-making trade, 
 and worked until 1877, when lie came to Minne- 
 apolis, and worked for leading firms in the city 
 imtil he formed a partnership with Andrew Keim 
 in 1880, and located at 120 Plymouth Avenue. 
 
 Peter Arnoldy, born in Germany, March 1st, 
 1849, and raised on a farm. Came to America in 
 March, 1872, stopping a short time in Chicago 
 and New Ulm, and reached Minneapolis in No- 
 vember, 1872. Is a cabinet-maker by trade, and 
 by his industry and skill has built up (piite a large 
 business at his present place, 1503 Washington 
 Avenue south. Was married in 1875, to Lucy 
 Breyen, of Germany. They have two children : 
 Herman J. and John M. 
 
 K. Aslesen was born in Norway, December 6th, 
 1853. Came to America witli his parents who 
 settled in Houston county, Minnesota, in 1857. 
 where he remained imtil 1867, when he moved 
 to Brownsville. Soon after, moved to Lansing, 
 Iowa, where he worked as clerk in a grocery for 
 six years. Thence to New Albin, engagmg in 
 general mercantile business until March, 1879, 
 when he moved to Minneapolis and became one 
 of the firm of Aslesen Bros, in a general grocery 
 trade at 511 Washington Avenue south. In 
 April, 1880, he bought his brother's interest in 
 the concern and has since continued alone. 
 
 F. A. Atwater was born in Burlington, Ver- 
 mont, in 1830, where he conducted a hotel for 
 several years. Moved to Illinois in 1857, and in 
 187.'< to Delano, Minnesota, where he engaged in 
 the clothing business. September 1st, 1880, he 
 bought the Clark House, located corner Fourth 
 street and Hennepin Avenue, 100x1 IS feet, four 
 stories high, eighty rooms. OtIice, dining-room, 
 billiard hall, bar and mercantile sample rooms on 
 the ground floor. Reception room and parlors on 
 second floor. A conveniently arranged and well 
 conducted house. Mr. Atwater married Miss 
 
 Naomi N. Bradley, June 16th, 1856. They have 
 four children— Stella C, Famiy, Edward and 
 Huliliard. 
 
 Ezra H. Austin, born at Ilogansburgh, New 
 York, April 4th, 1844. At the age of twelve 
 went to work in the Howland mills at Wadding- 
 ton, New York, where he remained until 1860, 
 when he went to Williamsburgh, New York, 
 and run a mill. August 11th, 1861, enlisted 
 in the One hundred and second New York 
 Volunteers, and served with the regiment 
 through the war; mustered out June, 1865, came 
 to Winona, ISIinnesota, in 1867, and run the 
 "Glen mills" for two years; moved to W^asioja, 
 in the "Star mills" two years; came to Minneapo- 
 lis in 1870, was with the Washburn A mill eigh- 
 teen months, the Pillsbury twelve months, and in 
 Wisconsin six months; went into the Palisade 
 mill in 1873, and has been there since. Married 
 Miss Mary Fleener, March 4th, 1870. They have 
 one child living, Etta H. 
 
 E. C. Babb was born in Westbrook, Maine, 
 February, 1834, where he followed lumbering 
 until 1857, then moved to Berlin Falls, New 
 Hampshire, and continued the lumber business 
 until 1862, when he enlisted in the Ninth New 
 Hampshire Volunteers; served as non-commis- 
 sioned officer three months, was promoted Second 
 Lieutenant. In 1863, was promoted First Lieu- 
 tenant, and Captain in 1864; was honorably 
 discharged June, 1865; speculated in oil in 
 Canada two years; came to Minneapolis in 1868, 
 and engaged in lumbering until the fall of 1875; 
 since then has been in the ice business; proprie- 
 tor of the Minneapolis Ice Company, until the 
 formation of the Cedar I^ake Ice Company in 1878. 
 Was married at Berlin Falls, New Hampshire, 
 August, 1862, to Miss L. Chandler, of that place. 
 
 Ernest and Bernard Bachner, twin brothers, 
 were born in Prussia, Fel)ruary 1st, 1844. They 
 learned the gunsmith trade in their native coun- 
 try, and in 1865, came to America, landing at 
 Baltimore. Ernest secured a position in a giui 
 manufactory at Wasliiugton, D. C, and Bernard 
 came west, securing a position at EauClaire, Wis- 
 consin. They remained in their respective places 
 about a year, and then met by appointment at 
 Minneapolis; since then they have been identi- 
 fied with the interests of this city. For descrip- 
 tion of business, see other portions of this work.
 
 506 
 
 HISTORY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 S. Harlan Baker, civil engineer, office 101 Cen- 
 tral Avenue, was born fiftj- miles west of Phila- 
 delphia. Pennsylvania. May 30th. 1846. He fol- 
 lowed farming at home tUl 1865. when he entered 
 the State Normal school, at Jlillersville. Penn- 
 sylvania, and graduated in the fall of 1867, after 
 which he lay sick for two years. In 1869 came 
 west for his health and located in Minneapolis. 
 In the spring of 1870, went railroad siuveying 
 under Colonel Clough, remained a short time 
 and engaged on Government survey on the line 
 of the Xorthern Pacific Eailroad, where he 
 remauied until the spring of 1872, when he 
 opened his present office. In 1876 was elected 
 county surveyor, and sened two terms. Mar- 
 ried in Minneapolis, November, 1875, to Miss 
 Laura ^ILxer. They have one child, Jessie . 
 
 George Bagley, a native of London, Englan d 
 was born March 17th. 1850. At the age of two, 
 he moved with parents to Kingston, Canada, and 
 settled on a farm. "When seventeen, he began 
 an apprenticeship at the confectioners" trade in 
 London, Canada, and served three years. In 
 1872 he removed to Cliicago where he worked at 
 his trade mitil 1878. when he came to this city, 
 established a candy manufactory, and has since 
 remained m that business, now located at 316 
 Nicollet Avenue. He married Mary Purge of 
 Chicago. December 2oth. 1874. They have one 
 child. Ettie lola. 
 
 Muier Ball was bom December loth. 1838, at 
 Berne. Albany county, New York. Remained 
 on farm until the age of sixteen : came to Min- 
 nesota in 1857, and lived at Caledonia one year, 
 thence to St. Paul, and in 1859 engaged in mer- 
 cantile business at Eockford. Wright county, be_ 
 ing the only trader there. In 1861 sold out and 
 came to Minneapolis and liought a photograph I 
 gallery of Charles Bobinson, and conducted it un- 
 til the following spring, when he sold out aud 
 moved to Lake City and opened the ginseng ' 
 trade. In 1863, moved to Menomonee, Dunn 
 county, Wisconsin, and run a livery stable, store 
 and farm for three years. Then returned to 
 Eockford, and went into trade. Built a saw mill 
 opposite Greenwood and run it two yeai-s ; it 
 burned and he moved to Delano and built the 
 Delano Flour and Saw Mills: remained thereun- 
 til 1879, and was foremost in building up the 
 town. Came to Minneapolis in November, 1879, 
 
 and entered into real estate and commission 
 business. In 1880, sold his Delano property and 
 in the fall opened a real estate office in the Clark 
 House. Was married February 18th, 1862, to 
 Miss Kate P. Powers, of Greenwood. Their 
 children are Willie F., Robert Leslie, Ruth A., 
 Frank P.. and Firman G. Mrs. Ball died De- 
 cember 17th. 1875. and Mr. Ball married for his 
 second wife Mrs. Sallie W. Jackson, of Pennsyl- 
 vania, July 16th, 1879. She had one daughter, 
 Viola Jackson. 
 
 Daniel R. Barber was bom at Benson. "\'er- 
 mont, in 1818, lived with his father on the farm 
 mitil he was twenty-one years of age. when he 
 embarked in mercantile life, which he followed 
 for thirteen years, twelve of which he was post- 
 master. In 1856 he closed his business m Ben- 
 son, and came West, locating at the then small 
 town of St. Anthony Falls. For several years 
 his business was dealing in real estate and loaning 
 money, large sums of which were intrusted to 
 liim by Eastern parties, and on which he never 
 met with a loss. He assessed the town and city 
 for eleven years, and was once census enumerator. 
 In 1872 he bought the Cataract Mill idescriljed 
 elsewhere in this work), which he has operated 
 successfully since. Mr. Barber was married in 
 Febraary, 1845, at Orwell. Vermont, to Miss El- 
 len L. Bottum, with whom he has since lived. 
 The fruits of this union are: JuUa B., born in 
 May, 1846, and Edwin R., born in November, 
 1852. In August, 1865, Miss Julia was married 
 to J. AVells Gardner, of tliis city, who died in 
 San Francisco, California, in 1876. Edwin E. 
 married Miss Hattie E. Sidle, a daughter of H. 
 G. Sidle, banker, in October. 1873. They are 
 now living at 41 South Seventh street. Both 
 Edwin and Mrs. Gardner are partners with their 
 father in the mill. After the death of Mr. Gard- 
 ner. 31r. and Mrs. Barber left the home they had 
 built up and occupied for twenty-one years, cor- 
 ner Fourth street and Second Avenue south, and 
 now live with their daughter at Second Avenue 
 south between Fourth and Fifth streets. 
 
 Ed. C. Barber was born in Franklin county, 
 Illinois. June 1st, 1849. and was brought up in 
 his native state, and worked four years in the 
 post-office at Cairo ; also engaged as mail agent 
 on mail train for eight years. After some time 
 spent in various other pursuits, he came to Min-
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL 
 
 507 
 
 neapolis in July, 1880, and started a meat-market 
 at 1224 Western Avenue. Married in 1871. Pres- 
 ent family, wife and one boy. 
 
 Charles S. Bardwell was born iu llampsliire 
 county, Massachusetts, November 19th, 1836. 
 Lived witli liis parents on the farm until the age 
 of eigliteen, when lie came to St. Paul, Minneso- 
 ta, and at once went to work in a sash factory, 
 remaining but a few montlis ; tlien went to Ex- 
 celsior, and engaged in carpentering until 1863. 
 Enlisted the following fall in the Second Minne- 
 sota Cavalry, serving two years and one month. 
 Was on the frontier among the Indians, near the 
 Bad Lands, and engaged in numerous contliets 
 with the red-skins. Was discharged in the fall of 
 1865, and returned to Minneapolis and engaged 
 as foreman witl) J. Copelandand Company, in the 
 sash, door and blind business. Kemained with 
 them six years. In the fall of 1872, went into 
 business with L. C. Bisbee. Sold out in 1875, 
 and moved to his present location. Married Miss 
 Eliza Green, in 1858, who died May 8tli, 1864. 
 Mr. Bardwell has one son, who is now in the senior 
 year at the iniiversity. In 1867 he was married 
 again, to Miss iSTettie Jenks, who died in 1872. 
 They had one child, Lamont J. 
 
 D. H. Barker was born in Cumberland county, 
 Maine, March 1st, 1844. In 1862 he located in 
 Pennsylvania, and engaged in the limiber busi- 
 ness. Came to Minneapolis in 1865, and followed 
 lumbering seven years. Started a meat market 
 and route in 1872, on Central Avenue, E. D., 
 where he continued until lie was burned out, in 
 January, 1879. Next opened at his present loca- 
 tion, where he is doing a growing business in 
 meats, salt and fresh, canned goods, fish and oys- 
 ters, at No. 717 Washington Avenue south. Mar- 
 ried in 1870, to Miss Katie Lammer. They have 
 three cliildren : Nettie, Gracie, and Edna. 
 
 S. Barker, burn m Ripley county, Indiana, Au- 
 gust 16th, 1844. Came to this city in 1866, and 
 worked four years in a saw-mill, as niillwriglit, 
 and has assisted in building nearly all the mills 
 in the city, and has also worked at repairing. For 
 the past three and a half years, has been with 
 Pillsbury exclusively, as a mill-wright. Married 
 Rachel Jerman, November 17th, 1868. They 
 have three children : Warren E., William E., and 
 Mary. 
 
 Jacob Barge, is a native of Germany, born in 
 
 1839. Established business in Minneapolis in 
 1863. First year's business was two thousand 
 dollars. In 1880 it amounted to thirty thousand 
 dollars. Mr. Barge is at present one of the alder- 
 men of the city. Married Miss Louisa Gessart. 
 They have two children: Louisa and Emma. 
 
 Thomas G. Barnard, of the furniture manufac- 
 turuig firm of Barnard and Cope, was born in 
 1826, at Charlotte Town, Prince Edward Island. 
 Remauied there until the age of nineteen, when 
 he went to Boston and learned the cabinet ma- 
 kers trade. After this, worked four years in Bos- 
 ton. Thence to Norway, Oxford county, Maine, 
 engaging in the manufacture of furniture for 
 five years. Came to Minneapolis in 1857, and 
 engaged in the furniture business. His ripe ex- 
 perience, covering a period of tliirty years, has 
 made his present establishment one of the insti- 
 tutions of the city. Mr. Barnard has a pleasant 
 home where he resides with his family, on Tenth 
 street, corner of Mary Place. 
 
 E. G. Barnaby was born in Montreal, Canada, 
 in 1839. He remained tliere for sixteen years, 
 then he moved to Chatham, Canada West, where 
 he remained till 1857, thence to New York city, 
 entering the mercantile establisliment of Lord 
 and Taylor, where he remained until 1863. He 
 then went to Memphis, Tennessee, engaging in 
 business about a year. During the same year, 
 took charge of a dry goods house where he re- 
 mained till May, 1867, and then started a gents" 
 furnishing store under the Overton Hotel, and 
 in 1872, started another store in the same line, 
 under the Peabody Hotel. He continued busi- 
 ness till 1879, wlien he came to Minneapolis and 
 opened a gents' furnishing store, at No. 2, Nicol- 
 let House block. Was married in Brooklyn, 
 New York, March, 1865, to Miss Mary Finley. 
 They have three children : Carrie, Minnie A., 
 and Mary B. 
 
 John T. Barnum, of the firm of P.aniiini and 
 Goodrich, trunk manufacturers, was born at 
 Rochester, New York, JMareh 5th, 1857. Re- 
 ceived his education at the Rensselaer Polytech- 
 nic school, Troy, New York, in 1879 and remained 
 in Rochester one year. Came to ^linneapolis in 
 April 1880, was with D. D. Whitney in his trunk 
 factory. September 1st, 1880, took possession of 
 the business in company witli Mr. Goodrich. 
 
 F. C. Barrows was born in Orino, Maine,
 
 508 
 
 HISTOBY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 March 29th, 1832. He was reared in the lumber 
 region of that state; after reaching manhood, en- 
 gaged in that business until 1S55. when he moved 
 from the "Pine Tree State" and came direct to 
 St. Anthony. He at once entered the ranks as a 
 lumberman, firet for Dwight. AVoodbury and 
 Company, in building a mill and dam at St.Fran- 
 cis, above Anoka, on the Rum river. In 1868 he 
 formed a partnership with Jonathan Chase, in 
 the winter of 1869-"70, he and his brother be- 
 came partners, the firm known as " Barrows 
 Bros." For several years they did job work for 
 J. Dean and Company, during which time they 
 accumulated quite a stock of logs, which they 
 were two years in converting into lumber. In 
 March, 1878, he entered the firm of which he is 
 now a member. Merriman, Barrows and Company. 
 He was married to ^liss Sarah J. Swain, at Min- 
 neapolis, October 2.5th, 1864. They have had 
 five childi-en: four of whom are now living: Nellie. 
 Freddie. Harry, and Frankie. Mrs. Barrows 
 died in March. 1873. He remained a widower 
 initil March, 1877, when he was imited to Mrs. 
 Sadie E. Jones, of Stillwater. 
 
 W. yi. Barrows. lx)rn at Augusta. Maine. Sep- 
 tember 1st, 1830, moved with his parents to Orino, 
 MUford and Lincoln, finally to Chester, where he 
 remained till 18.5-5. following lumbering. ]SIoved 
 to Old Town, and remained till tlie fall of 18-56 ; 
 came to St. Anthony and for seven years worked 
 in the woods wintere and on the river sum- 
 mere. Run a freiglit train from St. Anthony to 
 St. Paul from 1863 to 186-5. In the fall of 1865 
 started the lumber business with a Mv. Spafford, 
 under the firm name of Barrows and Spafford for 
 one year, then alone for one year. In the fall of 
 1867 took as partner Andrew Hall, for one year. 
 Fall of 1868 the firm of Barrows Brothere was 
 formed. Married Xancy Fernold. July 3d. 18-55. 
 They have six children. WiUiam H., Melvin P., 
 Wyley R., Lydia F.. Eddie P. and Jessie. 
 
 C. H. Bates, was born at Cohasset, Massachu- 
 setts, November 26th, 18.52. He was educated 
 principally at Boston, Massachusetts, also studied 
 dentistrj- in the same place and practiced his pro- 
 fession there. Has practiced dentistry eight years. 
 Came to Minneapolis in May, 1880. and is now 
 permanently located at 327 Nicollet Avenue. 
 Family consists of himself and wife. 
 
 John W. Bates was bom in Brattleboro, Ver- 
 
 mont, January 5th, 1849, where he lived for four 
 yeare, then moved with parents to Troy, New 
 York, and remained about two years. In 1855, 
 came to ^Mimiesota with his mother and settled 
 in St. Anthony. From 1868 to 1873 taught school 
 in Henry county, Illinois, and from 1873 to 1877 
 engaged in coopering at St. Joseph, Missomi- 
 Returned to Minnesota, and in August, 1879, he 
 was appointed on the poUce force, which position 
 he has since held. His mother died ui 1873 in 
 this city. 
 
 A. L. Bausman was born in Pennsylvania, 
 March 2oth, 1834. Educated at Pittsburg and 
 stodied dentistry at the same place for three 
 years. Came to Minneapolis in 1856, and has 
 been in continuous practice of his profession 
 since. The doctor is the oldest dentist in prac- 
 tice in the city. "Was married to Miss Fannie R. 
 Abraham, of Minneapolis, November, 1863; she 
 died in 1876. Married again, January. 1879. to 
 Rebecca Fenby, of St. Louis. They have three 
 children — Bertha, George and Fenby. 
 
 John Bayer, proprietor of Bayer's hotel, located 
 at 109 First street north. Mr. Bayer, was born 
 in Germany, in 1831; came to America m 18.54; 
 came to Minnesota in May, 1855, and located 
 in Scott county, where he remained for ttaee 
 years, thence to Wisconsin and lived three years. 
 In 1861, enlisted in the First Minnesota Regi- 
 ment Volunteers; served three years, when he re- 
 turned to Scott county, and remained until the 
 spring of 1865, when he came to Minneapolis. 
 Married Annie Berndgen, July 21st, 1865. They 
 have five children; .lohn R. H.. Lucy. George G., 
 Anthony M.. and Frank X. M. 
 
 James Baxter, firm of Downs and Baxter, was 
 born in "Westmoreland, England. August 10th, 
 1835. At the age of sixteen commenced the 
 trade of stone cutter and mason; came to Ame- 
 rica in 1854, and finished his trade hi Chicago, 
 where he remained until 1857, when he came to 
 St. Paul. In 18.59. went to Carrollton. Indiana, 
 where he was employed as foreman for quarries 
 and cut stone used in the Portland locks, for Bar- 
 ton, Robinson and Company, contractors for 
 Louisville and Portland canal and locks. In 
 1865, came to ^MinneapoUs, and until 1877, was 
 employed as foreman for R. B. Langdon, Sauls- 
 paugh and Company, St. Anthony Falls Water- 
 Power Company, and othere, also took some con
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL. 
 
 509 
 
 tracts on his own account. Was married at St. 
 Antliony, November 2d, 1859, to Miss Catlierine 
 Ryan, of St. Paul. They have five children liv- 
 ing; William C, Mary, Bridget, Eleanor and Cath- 
 erine. 
 
 J. Flanders Beaumont, eye and ear surgeon, 
 was born in Freeport, Illinois, March 29th, 1859; 
 educated at Freeport and Montrose, Illinois, and 
 at Princeton college. First studied medicine 
 with his father Dr. J. H. Beaumont, and Dr. 
 Constantine Ilering, of Philadelphia, Pennsylva- 
 nia. Graduated from the Hahnemann Medical Col- 
 lege, of Philadelphia in 1876, with the degree of 
 M. D. He next entered the New York Ophtlial- 
 mie Hospital and studied diseases of the eye and 
 ear, was afterwards assistant sm'geon in the same 
 hospital. Was also an attending physician of the 
 New York Homeopathic Dispensary. He came 
 to Minneapolis in August, 1880, and conflnes his 
 practice solely to the treatment of eye and ear 
 diseases ; is a member of the American Oplithal- 
 mological and Otological Societies; Illinois 
 Homeopatic Association, and Hennepin coimty 
 Homeopatic Society. Dr. Beaumont was mar- 
 rieg in 1878 to Miss Ella Jenifer, of Chicuinati, 
 Ohio. Thev have one child; Alice J. 
 
 Franklin Beebe, of the law firm of Beebe 
 &Rossman, 112 Hennepin Avenue, was born at 
 Lincklaen, Chenango county, New York, October 
 28th, 182-5. Remained with parents until 1843, 
 attending Oxford and DeRuyter Academies. 
 He then entered the State Normal School at Al- 
 bany, New York, and in 1848 began the study of 
 law at Ti'uxtou, with Alanson Coats, and finished 
 in the office of John Waite at Norwich, New 
 York. Was admitted to practice in 1851, and 
 formed a partnership with John Waite, and 
 practiced law at Norwich, until the fall of 1855, 
 when he came West and located at Minneapolis 
 in 1856. Opened an office near the old land otHce, 
 and soon after removed to the building then 
 owned by T. Chambers, near the suspension 
 bridge. Has since been elected three times to 
 the office of probate judge, in the meantime fol- 
 lowing his profession. The present firm was 
 formed in the fall of 1879, and is a successful 
 one. Was married first in Norwich, New York, 
 April, 1858, to Miss Lavlnia, daughter of Dr. 
 James Thompson, of that city, who died January 
 13th, 1868, leaving two daughters now living — 
 
 Mary Frances and Harriet Lavinia. Mr. Beebe 
 was married again to Dora H., daughter of D. 
 G. Thompson, of North Warmouth, Maine. 
 They have one child now living — Daniel G. 
 
 Alonzo H. Beal was born in Saco, York county, 
 Maine, July 10th, 1833. When fourteen years of 
 age he began studying photography, but left that 
 business and went to Buffalo in 1852, engaging 
 in the furnishing business two years. In 1854 he 
 returned to ^Nlaine, as a photographer, and has 
 continued as such ever since. In April, 1855, he 
 was married to Ruth Clark, of HolUs, Maine. 
 They have two children, Eugene and Charles. 
 Mr. Beal moved to Boston, in 1857, thence to St. 
 Anthony Falls in 1860. After having made sev- 
 eral attempts to get a fine gallery, each of which 
 was destroyed by fire, he finally established him- 
 self at No. 18 South Fourth- street, where he lias 
 since remained and prospered. 
 
 Jacob Becker was bom in Stark county, Ohio, 
 November 18th, 1841, and was married to Eliza- 
 beth Moarls, in 1867. They have had five child- 
 ren, three of whom are living — Mary, Anna and 
 Ida. Mr. Becker enlisted in 1861 in the One 
 Hundred and Seventh Ohio volunteers. He 
 served one year only, and removed from Wooster, 
 Wayne county, where he at that time lived, to 
 Milwaukee, Wisconsin; thence to Winona, St. 
 Louis and Minneapolis. Here he erected, in 1873, 
 the Island Saloon, and has since been proprietor. 
 
 S. N. Bell is a native of Ohio, and was born 
 January 4th, 1831. He married, in 1854, Rosetta 
 Bowers, of New York. They have six children: 
 Minnie, Eva, Carrie, Milton, Grant and Colfax. 
 He lived in Racine, Wisconsin, a number of years, 
 engaging in farming while there; also after re- 
 moving to Faribault county, Minnesota. In 
 1875, he engaged in the grocery business in Mm- 
 neapolis, 416 Nicollet Avenue, where he is still 
 found. 
 
 Karl Bendeke, a native of Norway, was born 
 April 21st, 1841- After graduating from the 
 medical school of Christiana, Norway, in 1865. he 
 came to the United States, 1867. At Chicago he 
 again graduated from the medical college in 1869, 
 and practiced in that city until he removed to 
 Rushford, Minnesota, in 1870. He practiced 
 there five years then came to Minneapolis. He 
 was married to Josepliine Fanske, from Bergen. 
 Norway, in 1869.
 
 510 
 
 HISTOBY OF EEXyEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 F. Benjamin was bom in Connecticut in 1839, 
 and at tlie age of twenty-two went to California and 
 engaged in mining for two yeare, wlien he re- 
 turned to Connecticut. In 1874 he came to Min- 
 neapolis and opened a saloon. He and Ella M. 
 Spaulding were married in 1872. Their children 
 are Frederick and (Jracie. 
 
 C. Henr>- Benton, of the firm of Benton. Ben- 
 ton and Roberts, attorneys at law, was bom at 
 Lunenburgh. Essex county, Vermont, in 1841- 
 His parents and family moved to Guildhall, Ver- 
 mont, and the same year his father came west to 
 secure a home, but soon died at Rockford, Il- 
 linois. In 1860, C. H. entered the Vermont 
 University at Burhngton, and in 1861 enlisted in 
 the Fifth Vennont volmiteers, being promoted 
 to first lieutenant and mustered out September 
 19th. 1864. Soon after, lie entered the Albany 
 law scliool. from which he graduated in 1866 and 
 commenced practicing in Troy, Vermont. He 
 married Miss Flora Hadley, who died in 1869. 
 Two years later Mr. Benton came to Mmneapo- 
 lis, where he was mamed to Jeanette Graham of 
 this city, who bore him two children, Christine 
 and Harry. 
 
 Webster Benner was bom in Lmcoln coimt}% 
 Maine. He came to Minneapolis in 1870 and was 
 in the drug business until 1880. when he origin- 
 ated the Minneapolis Soap Works. He has a 
 partner in business, the firm name being Pomeroy 
 and Benner. They make shipments throughout 
 the north-west. ilr. Benner was married in 
 Mauie, and has one son li\'ing at AValdboro, Lin- 
 coln county. 
 
 Col. R. C. Benton was bom at Waterford, Cale- 
 donia county, "\'ermont. May 13th, 1830. At 
 twenty-one he entered the University of Ver- 
 mont, and gi-aduated with the class of 1854. He 
 taught school at .Johnson. '\'ermont. two years 
 and was there admitted to the bar in 1856. He 
 practiced law until 1861, when he entered the 
 army as captain of com)iany"D." Fifth Vermont 
 infantry. In 1862 he was promoted to the office 
 of lieutenant colonel of the Eleventh ^'ermont and 
 remained in service until 1864. He participated 
 in some of the principal battles, beuig wounded 
 Jmie 9th, at the battle of Savage Station. After 
 the war he returned to "N'ermont and again prac- 
 ticed his profession. In 1867 he removed to St. 
 Albans,Vermont, andiu 1875 located in Minneapo- 
 
 lis. He was assistant secretary of Vermont state 
 senate in 1856-"57, count}' attorney of Lamoille 
 county in 1860-"61. and a member of A'ermont 
 state board of education in 1874. He married 
 Miss Sara Leland in 1856. Their children are, 
 Lucy and ilary. Two children have died. 
 
 S. J. Bennett, born at ^Mineral Point. Wiscon- 
 sin. He lived at that place until sixteen years of 
 age, when he went to Colorado. After spending 
 three years there he returned to Wisconsin ; 
 thence to ^linnesota. and in 1874 settled in ^lin- 
 neapolis, engaging in the coopering business. He 
 married Nancy King, in 1872. Enlisted, in Au- 
 gust. 1862. in the Twenty-first Wisconsin, served 
 one year, and was discharged for disaliility. 
 
 A. Bermann is a Russian by birth, and was 
 bom May 29th. 1853. He came to Minneapolis 
 in November. 1879. and was engaged in peddluig 
 imtil 1880, when he became a partner of L. Blou- 
 stein. They are now knoii\Ti as the firm of Ber- 
 mann and Bloustein. and deal in new and second- 
 hand goods. He was married October 10th. 1877. 
 
 A. C. Berry, captain of police. v\as born Feb- 
 ruarj- 21st. 1830, at Pittsfield Maine. He settled 
 in Minneapolis in 1S66. and being a carpenter, at 
 once commenced that business, and continued in 
 it until appointed on the police force, in 1867. 
 Since his promotion to the rank of captain, in 
 1877. he has discharged his duties with credit to 
 himself and to the general satisfaction of the 
 force at his command. He was married in Pe- 
 nobscot county, Elaine, to Jennie ;M. Whitcomb, 
 November 30th 1854. Their two children, Ida 
 and Charles, have died. 
 
 Herman Bidwell was born in New York. March 
 2d, 1851. He commenced in the milling business 
 at Galesville, AVisconsin, in 1870, and remained 
 there five years ; then removed to La Crosse, re- 
 maining four years. He became a resident of 
 Minneapolis in July, 1879, and and has since been 
 engaged in milling. His marriage with Lue Cur- 
 tis, occurred November 7th, 1875. They are the 
 parents of one child. Julia. 
 
 John BeiTy, deceased,one of the pioneers of Hen- 
 nepin county, was bom in Buxton Maine, in 1801. 
 Was engaged in farming and carpenter work until 
 he came to St. Anthony, in 1851, and has followed 
 farming most of the time since. He was the first 
 man to raise a crop on the west side. Iraving made 
 a claim on section "31, east of Cedar Lake, in
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL. 
 
 511 
 
 April, 1851, and resided there until 1857, since 
 which time he has lived in the city. Mr. Berry 
 fell, while engaged in carpenter work at Bangor, 
 Maine, and shattered his right arm, and by a 
 similar accident, twelve years since, his right leg 
 was hijured. He married Hannah Bunker, Feb- 
 ruary 12th, 1826. The children living are : ^Irs. 
 W. A. Kowell, of this city, Mrs. D. L. Paine of In- 
 dianapolis, Iniliana, and JSIark T., surveyor and 
 superintendent for Dean and Harrison. Mrs Ber- 
 ry died April 23d, 1879. Mr. Berry lived with 
 his son, Mark T., until his death, which occurred 
 in April, 1881. 
 
 Prederick G. Berry was born in Brooklyn, Ilen- 
 nepui county, Minnesota, in 1857. At the age of 
 sixteen he commenced teaching. He entered the 
 State University of Minnesota in 1874, and grad- 
 uated after a six years' course. In July, 1880, 
 same year, he was taken as book-keeper in the 
 money order department of the Minneapolis post- 
 office. He commenced studying law, in the 
 office of Morrison and Fitch, in September, 1880. 
 
 Jonathan C. Berry was born and lived in Bux- 
 ton, York county, Maine, until twelve yjearsof age' 
 when he removed to Grove, Allegany comity' 
 New York, and learned blacksmith ing. He spen^. 
 six years in the Galena, Illinois, lead mines ; then 
 stalled for California, with team and wagon, in 
 1852, and succeeded in reachmg there August 
 27th. He engaged in teaming and mining until 
 1854. During that year he bought and run the 
 first threshing machine in the state. He came to 
 St. Anthony in 1855, and purchased an interest in 
 a plow factory and made the first plow manufac- 
 tured in the state. He was married at White 
 Oak Springs, Wisconsin, in 1858, to Miss Amanda 
 Beck with, who was bom at Noblesville, Indiana. 
 They have two children : Frank and Flora. 
 
 E. L. Bidwell, of the firm of Bidwell and Com- 
 pany, is a native of Massachusetts, and was 
 born March 15th, 1856. He became a resident of 
 Nortlifield, Minnesota, in 1859, where he re- 
 mained six years ; then came to Minneapolis, 
 where he received his education, and has since 
 resided. 
 
 G. W. Bigby was Ixmi in Pennsylvania, in 1845, 
 and in early life learned the carpenter's trade 
 with his father. He came to Minnesota in 1857, 
 and settled in Freeborn county, where he re- 
 mained until July, 1880, when he became a citizen 
 
 of Minneapolis. He has worked at his trade 
 many years, and is well established as a contract- 
 or, builder, and cabinet-maker. 
 
 L. Biggs was born in Maryland, February 15th, 
 1836. He learned his trade as mill-wright at 
 home, then removed to Indiana, wliere he spent 
 ten years. He was wedded to Mary J. Lynn in 
 1863, who bore him two children, Elma and Ro- 
 land. His wife died in August, 1870. After re- 
 maining a widower seven years, he married Annie 
 Byers. They have one child, Mabel. Mr. Biggs 
 came to Minneapolis in 1871. He was one of 
 those who assisted in liuilding the old "A" mill, 
 and helped to rebuild the old " B " mill. He has 
 been in the employ of Washburn and Company 
 during the nine years of his citizenship. 
 
 J. W. Birdwell was born Seiiteniber 10th. 1838, 
 at Tuscumbia, ^Vlabama. He moved to Minnea- 
 polis in 1871, and has remained here since. At 
 the first call for volunteers he enlisted, and served 
 in the war luitil mustered out at Trenton, Ten- 
 nessee, in 1863. He was married, on his return 
 to Julia Clift, of Illinois. She has borne him 
 one child, Josephine. Mr. Birdwell is the Min- 
 neapolis manager of the business of the Victor 
 Wheat Heater Company. 
 
 Hon. David Blakeley, manager of the Trib- 
 une, was born in Franklin county, Vermont, in 
 1834. The family moved from there to Syracuse, 
 New York, in 1838, where, at the age of thirteen, 
 he entered the jirinting office of the Daily Star. 
 In that offlce and that of the Journal, he 
 thoroughly mastered the typographical art. 
 After conipletiug his apprenticeshii). returned to 
 Vermont and devoted five years to study. In 
 1857, he left the University of Vermont, and 
 came to Minnesota, where he entered the profes- 
 sion of journalism, starting three newspapers. 
 In 1860, was elected chief clerk in tlie house of 
 representatives, and re-elected the following year. 
 He was then appointed superintendent of public 
 instruction by Governor Ramsey, and at expira- 
 tion of term, was returned to the office by elec- 
 tion. He contributed largely to the organization 
 of the common school system of Minnesota. 
 In 1805, he, with his brother, ilajor C. II. Blake- 
 ley, purchased the Chicago Evening Post and 
 took editorial charge of that paper, remaining 
 until April, 1874, when he disposed of his inter- 
 est m the Evening Post and succeeded to the ed-
 
 512 
 
 HISTOBY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 itx)rship of the St. Paul Pioneer. One year 
 later, he conceived the idea of consolidating the 
 Pioneer and the Press, which was soon ac- 
 complished, and during his service with the con- 
 solidated Pioneer Press, was jointly, \\-ith Mr. 
 Wheelock. in editorial cliarge of the paper. The 
 ilinneapolis Tribune, having subsequently been 
 added, Mr. Blakeley removed to Minneapolis, 
 tlie better to represent the journal in this city. 
 Finally becoming convinced that there was a fine 
 future for journalism in Minneapolis, he severed, 
 his connection with the St. Paul establishment 
 entirely, and taking the Minneapolis Evening 
 Tribune in charge, he has maintained his relations 
 with that journal since. On ^lay 11th, 1880, in 
 company with Gen. A. B. Xettleton, he estab- 
 lished the Morning Tribune, thereby, giving to 
 Minneapolis, a first-class metropolitan journal, of 
 which her citizens have had every reason to be 
 proud. 
 
 L. y. X. Blakeman, who is a native of Xew 
 York city, came to this place in 1S69, and was 
 engaged in the mercantile business until 1874. 
 when he became a partner of G. Menzel, in the 
 foundry business. 
 
 William Blakeman , one of the earliest settlers of 
 this locality, was born in Prussia, April IStb, 1828. 
 He came to the United States in 1848, and set- 
 tled m La Fayette, Indiana, where he engaged in 
 upholstering and carriage trimming until 1856, 
 when he removed to Saint Anthony. He was 
 the first upholsterer here. He retired from la- 
 bor in 1808, and has since lived on the fruits of 
 his industry. He manied Magdalme Kretz, of 
 Germany. They have five chikhen living; Mary, 
 Lizzie, Frank. Charles, and Fred. 
 
 Adolph Blitz, M. D.. was born in Prussia, 
 February IWh, 1845. He moved to America in 
 1864, and studied medicine at the Cincinnati Col- 
 lege of Medicine and Surgery. From this insti- 
 tution he graduated in 1873. He removed to 
 Nashville. Tennessee, in May, 1874. and while 
 there he became a member of the Xashville Med- 
 ical Society, Davidson County Medical Society, 
 and Tennessee State Medical Society. He is a 
 member of the American Medical Association, 
 International Medical. Ophthalmological and Ot- 
 ological Congiess; in Marcli, 1877, Doctor Blitz 
 in company with others, founded the Xashville 
 Medical College, which afterward became the 
 
 medical department of the Univereity of Ten- 
 nessee. On account of failing health, he re- 
 signed his position and removed to ^Slunieapolis 
 in 1880. Doctor Blitz was married in 1877. to 
 Aima D. Wicks, of Xew Bedford, Massacliusetts. 
 They have two daughters; Xellie and Bertha. 
 
 J. W. Blood, was bom March 16th, 1845, at 
 Boston. Massachusetts. He moved with his pa- 
 rents to .Janesville, Wisconsin, in 18.55. He re- 
 ceived an academic education at Milton, Wiscon- 
 sin, and at Chicago, where he learned the trade 
 of machinist. He came to Minneapolis in 1874, 
 and has been engaged as foreman in the machine 
 shops of the Harvester Works since. He was 
 married to Miss E. W. Cragg, of Cincinnati, in 
 1874. They have one child; Meda. 
 
 L. Bloustein, of the firm of Bermann and Blou- 
 stem, was bom in Poland, 1839. His early life 
 %\ as spent in Scotland, and a few years later he be- 
 gan business in England. In 1879 he came to 
 America, and the next year took as a partner, 
 Mr. A. Bermann. Tliey now deal in gents" fm-- 
 nishing goods, and have a large stock. 
 
 C. N. Boardman, dentist, was bom at Water- 
 loo, Yates county, Xew York. January 6th, 1841. 
 He was educated principally at Blount Yernon, 
 and studied dentistry at Cincinnati four years. 
 He commenced his practice in Columbus, Indi- 
 ana. Coming to Minneapolis, in 1872, he at once 
 established himself as a dentist, and has been in 
 continuous practice here since. ^liss Elizabeth 
 LeDuc of this city became his wife in 1874. 
 
 W. ^I. Boardman. was born at Rochester. Xew 
 York, October 4th, 1857. During early Ufe he 
 lived on a farm, later he was engaged in the gro- 
 cery business. In 1876, lie came to this city and 
 opened a restaurant, ilr. ^I. C. Tate joined him 
 in this business in October. 1880. when they 
 bought the restaiuant. which the\' now run at 
 214 Xicollet Avenue. He married Sarah McCue, 
 July 20th, 1880. 
 
 A. H. Bode was born in Hanover, Germany, 
 in 1838. He came to America and located at 
 Milwaukee, Wisconsin, m 1848, and attended the 
 public schools of that city until 1853, when he 
 entered a la-svy-er's office. In the summer of 1855 
 he removed to ^Madison and went to work for the 
 LaCrosse and Milwaukee Railway as warehouse- 
 man at Richfield, and was afterwards agent at 
 Horicon for four vears. Returned to Milwau-
 
 BIOGBAPHICAL. 
 
 513 
 
 kee, and in 1863, went into the Merchant's bank. 
 In August, 1865, he came to Minnesota as gen- 
 eral freight and ticket agent of the Miiniesota 
 Centi-al Railway, and after its purchase by the 
 Milwaukee and St. Paul, remained as general 
 agent until 1871. lie was then engaged with a 
 construction company, until 1873, since which 
 time he has been with the Minneapolis and Saint 
 Louis Eailway. lie was married at Iloricon, 
 Wisconsin, December 26th, 1858. They have 
 eight children: Carrie F., Addie C, Willie F., 
 Mabel, Freddie C, Bessie I., Grace E., and J. 
 Henry. 
 
 John Bofferding, one of the early settlers, was 
 born in Luxembourg, August 29th, 1826. lie came 
 to the United States in 1850, and settled first at 
 Sauk City, Wisconsin. In 1853 he started on a 
 prospecting trip which ended in his settling in 
 Minneapolis in 1856. Here he worked at his 
 trade, that of carpenter, until 1875, when he be- 
 gan the grocery busuiess and has since continued 
 it. He was married in 1862 to Katrina Frius, of 
 Germany, who bore him three children. Those 
 living are Maggie and William. 
 
 Nicholas Bofferding, brother of the above, and 
 who also came to Minneapolis in 1856, was born 
 at Luxembourg, August21st, 1830. He worked at 
 at the carpenter trade heie until 1875, and has 
 since worked with his brother, Mr. John Bofferd- 
 ing. 
 
 T. M. Bohan, a native of Ireland, was born 
 June 29tli, 1832. He came to the United Stales 
 in 1848, and remained in New York one year, 
 then removed to Milwaukee. There he learned 
 the shoemaking trade, at which he worked until 
 1855; then he moved to St. Anthony and opened 
 a shop and two years later engaged as foreman 
 for Wensinger. In 1877 Mr. Bohan, in company 
 with J. A. Kennedy started in the boot and shoe 
 trade. One year later Mr. Kennedy sold his in- 
 terest to Mr. McNeice, the present partner. Mr. 
 Bohan was married to Anna Sliortell, of Milwau- 
 kee, in 1857. They have seven children: Mary, 
 John, Amiie, Timothy, Thomas, James, and 
 Katie. 
 
 George F. BoUier was born in Switzerland, 
 June 18th, 1819. He learned tlie trade of shoe- 
 maker in his native country and worked at it un- 
 til 1856, when he emigrated to the United States, 
 
 coming direct to St, Anthony, where he has smce 
 33 
 
 resided. In 1858 he opened a boot and shoe store 
 and has added to his stock from time to time. 
 Mr. Bollier was married in 1856, to Sarah Alle- 
 mann, of Switzerland, who died in 1864. He was 
 manied in 1866, to Paulina Diedrich. Their 
 children are: William and Hattie. 
 
 N. H. Bolton was born ten miles south of Cleve- 
 land, Ohio, FeV>ruary 10th, 1839. He remained 
 with his parents until twenty-seven years of age 
 and there acquired a knowledge of milling and 
 manufacturmg. He came to Minneapolis in 1872 
 and at once commenced in his present business, 
 that of manufacturing mill machinery. Mr. Bol- 
 ton was married in 1865 at Farmington, Wash- 
 ington county, Wisconsin, to Mary L. Norton ; 
 have had three children: Celeste, Gracie and 
 Ada. 
 
 S. Bonfoy was born in Montgomery county, 
 New York, m 1817. At the age of fifteen he 
 learned the wool-carding business. Fifteen years 
 later he went to Georgia, remaining at Columbus 
 eleven years, when he removed to Roswell, Geor- 
 gia. Here he was engaged as superintendent of 
 a wool factory. When General Sherman passed 
 through on his march to the sea, the factory was 
 burned. He removed to Indiana and remained 
 nine years. In 1874 he came to this city and 
 again engaged in the wool-carding business. 
 
 Hon. L. Bostwick "was born in Toronto, Cana 
 da, June, 1815. He moved to St. Anthony, ac- 
 companied by his wife and daughters, in 1850. 
 The year following, he was elected justice of the 
 peace, which office he held until 1860. He was 
 elected, mider very peculiar circumstances, to fill 
 a vacancy occasioned by the resignation of I. I. 
 Lewis. At that time there was a '-Maine liquor 
 law," luider which a person was indicted for 
 opening a saloon in St. Anthony, and the case 
 was brought before Mr. Lewis, who resigned 
 rather than to try the case. In 1871, Judge Bost- 
 wick decided to retii-e from active life and enjoy 
 the fruits of his labor. He has been one of the 
 most active citizens of this now tlourisliing me- 
 tropolis, and from its eailiest growth identified 
 with its interests. 
 
 Pierre Bottineau, was born January 1st, 1817, 
 at a place on Turtle river, Dakota Territory, 
 once called Rats Point, but afterwards named 
 Bottineau's Point from its being the residence of 
 his father, Joseph Bottineau; who was engaged
 
 514 
 
 HISTORY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 with the Xorth-westem Fur Company. The 
 mother of Pierre Bottineau, was a native of the 
 Ojibwa tribe, whose father was a captive Dakota, 
 and mother an Ojibwa. By this marriage there 
 were several children, with only one of whom, 
 Pierre, we have to do. In 1816. one year- before 
 the birth of Pierre, hostilities arose betw^een the 
 Hudson Bay Company, the old company estab- 
 Ushed in 1670, under a grant by Charles II, of 
 England, to Prince Rupert and others, and the 
 Xorth-westerii Company. These were both Eng- 
 lish companies. The Red River settlement was 
 founded by Lord Selkirk, a Scottish peer under a 
 grant from tlie Hudson Bay Company. The 
 Xorth-western Company, whose head-quarters 
 were Canada, traded by the way of the lakes, and 
 had virtually pre-empted tliis territory before the 
 Selkirk colony arrived and did not recognize their 
 claim as a part of the Hudson Bay Company's 
 territory .as this company had never before extend- 
 ed their lines so far south. The Hudson Bay 
 Company transported goods Ijy way of Hudson 
 Bay. After the establishment of the Red River 
 settlement in 181:2. petty strife began, which in 
 1816. culminated in open liostilities. Lord Sel- 
 kirk had demanded troops from the Governor 
 General for the protection of his colony without 
 avail, but instead, was enjoined against repetition 
 of hostilities. In spite of this uijunction some 
 more blood was shed, but at last, as neither par- 
 ty received the support of the government, an 
 amalgamation took place, and the united company 
 controUed the country. In consequence of these 
 hostiUties, the httle colony of Red River was 
 greatly weakened by emigration to the territory 
 of the United States and Canada. 
 
 Pierrie Bottineau's father was commanded by 
 the North-western Company to take part in the 
 struggle but he absented himself on one of his 
 hunting expeditions. On his return he was im- 
 prisoned, but owing to his intluence with the 
 tribe from which he had taken his wife, he was 
 soon released, as woi'se troubles were liable to 
 arise. 
 
 Amid these busthng scenes, in a wild country, 
 among Indians, and half-breeds more dangerous 
 than the Indians themselves. Piene Bottineau 
 was born. He was early trained by his father 
 for the hunt. He possessed a strong frame and 
 rugged constitution, and became a skiUful horse- 
 
 man, and a sure marksman with a rifle, learning, 
 as well as inheriting these qualities from his 
 father, who was unsurpassed in the chase. His 
 father died when he was fourteen years of age, 
 and LeCompte. a famous guide, but lame in con- 
 sequence of an injury, pleased with the early 
 accomplishments and promise of the boy, took 
 him to live with him. promising to instruct him 
 in the mysteries of his art. LeCompte was at 
 this time the only man conversant with the 
 country, and familiar with the duties of a guide. 
 He held out brilliant prospects of high wages, 
 ending in a fortmie, especially because he needed 
 the sure foot, strong arm and quick eye of this 
 young half-breed. Durmg the years 1832-3 
 Pierre made a few short trips m company with 
 LeCompte, carrying messages between trading 
 posts, but his first long trip was in 1834, at the 
 age of seventeen. LeCompte was then employed 
 by the Hudson Bay Company to carry messages 
 and the mail from Fort Garry to Fort Snelling, 
 and Pierre accompanied liim. They started the 
 first of November and readied their destination 
 December 27th. Communication was difficult 
 and expensive, and sometimes not undertaken 
 oftener than once a year. They went down on 
 the east bank of the Red River, and after eight 
 days reached Red Lake river, which it was neces- 
 sary for them to cross, though now very high 
 and full of drifting ice. A feeble old man named 
 Alard, went with them, and a pony with a Red 
 River cart earned the mail. baggage and pro\Tsions. 
 A raft was quickly built and the cart and its con- 
 tents were safely transferred to the other side by 
 Pierre and Alard. They next returned for Le- 
 Compte and the pony, the current carrymg them 
 down some distance at each crossing. On at- 
 tempting to cross again, with all hands and the 
 pony, their clumsy raft foundered on a stmnp, 
 and was soon piled with ice so that the upper end 
 was submerged, and the lower end stuck up at a 
 sharp angle. The situation was critical and 
 promised at the best, a cold bath to all. 
 
 Here Pierre proved himself equal to the emer- 
 gency, for cutting loose a few pieces of timber he 
 secured them together by a cord made of buffalo 
 liide, and making his two companions straddle 
 the logs, since neither could swim, he took the 
 chances of keeping on the little raft and poling it 
 to shore. It floated, however, much farther, and
 
 BIOGBArHICAL. 
 
 515 
 
 struck a bend in the river that was frozen over, in 
 consequence of there being less current. Here 
 he was obliged to jump on the ice, after securing 
 a long cord to the raft, one end of which he held 
 in his hand. The ice would not hold the weight 
 of a man, and Pierre went in, all over, in very 
 deep water, but holding fast to the rope. When 
 he came up, he swam, breaking the ice before 
 him, to the shore, and hauled his companions 
 after him. They were fortunate in having dry 
 suits at the cart, and soon were all right in dry 
 clothing. The pony was rescued, and they 
 started again. After traveling four days they 
 reached the Wild Kice river, and crossed the ice 
 and encamped near its bank. By some means, 
 here, the pony who had escaped narrowly one 
 danger of drowning, got into this stream in the 
 night and was drowned. In this dilemma it was 
 decided, as Alard could not travel, to leave 
 him in charge of the cart and stuff while Le 
 Compte and Pierre went on to Lac Traverse, a 
 trading post of the American Fur Company, in 
 charge of Mr. Moore. The journey, it was 
 thought, would take four days. Pierre was load- 
 ed with bedding and provisions supposed to be 
 sufficient for Le Compte and himself for the four 
 days' journey, and they set out. The lameness 
 of Le Compte and the burden of I'ierre rendered 
 traveling slow, but it proved that the estimated 
 distance of fifty or sixty miles, increastd every 
 day they traveled. Le Compte seemed not to be 
 familiar with the country and arriving at Goose 
 river he called it the Cheyenne and the Elm he 
 supposed the Wild Eice. They traveled thus for 
 several days until their provisions were gone, liop- 
 mg to reach the Bois des Sioux, where Le Compte 
 declared he should recognize the country. On 
 the eighth day they reached this river, having been 
 already four days without food, aiul found a fresh 
 Indian trail which they followed to the camp. 
 It proved to be the camp of a party of Sioux num- 
 bering ten men with five tepees. The strangers 
 were kindly received and their hunger appeased 
 by a repast of otter and skunk meat. The next 
 day they reached the trading post and obtaining 
 a horse and man returnt d for Alard and their 
 stuff. The old man's joy cannot be described, as 
 the twentieth day after their departure he saw 
 them returning. He had improvised a sled and 
 loaded it with blankets and provisions, determin- 
 
 ed to start the next day, dragging his sled, trust- 
 ing to a good fortune to take him to some habita- 
 tion. After staying a few days at the post, Le 
 Compte bought a horse of Mr. Moore and they 
 proceeded to the trading post of Mr. Renville at 
 Lac qui Parle and from this point they set out 
 for Traverse des Sioux, another trading post dis- 
 tant four days journey. The post was in charge 
 of Mr. Louis Le Blanc. Alard was left at Lac 
 Traverse on account of the depth of snow and the 
 difficulty of traveling. Trouble arose again in 
 attemptiug to find Traverse des Sioux and the two 
 companions were near starving, as their supplies 
 had given out; when, fortunately, a coon was 
 killed and their hunger appeased. After 
 traveling in a circuitous route for several 
 days in search of the trading post, Pierre 
 insisted upon taking a direct course for Fort 
 Snelling or as near direct as the Minnesota river 
 would conduct them, disregarding Traverse des 
 Sioux altogether. It is a difficult matter to di- 
 vert a guide from an old route but at last the 
 point was conceded and they set out. On the 
 following day they came on an Indian camp and 
 were received in a friendly manner and directed 
 on their way. It appeared that the guide was 
 mistaken in reference to their location and they 
 soon reached Traverse des Sioux, and without 
 further accident arrived at Fort Snelling, Decem- 
 ber 28th, 1834. 
 
 Among those whom Pierre met at the Fort at 
 this time he mentions jNIr. N. W. Kittson. After 
 spending a short time visiting friends and rela- 
 tions who had formerly lived at Bed Biver. he re- 
 turned and for two years spent his time trappuig 
 in the winter and hunting buffaloes during the 
 summer. Two hunts were usually made each 
 year, one in the early summer and one later, about 
 fall. 
 
 The outtit for these hunts was as follows: each 
 hunter was supplied with a good hunting horse, 
 gun and amnnuiitiou. and with two or three po- 
 mes, drawing each a Bed Biver cart. The latter 
 were used to carry their families and baggage, as 
 well as to transport the results of the chase. 
 Frequently these hunting parties would number 
 several hundred hunters, besides their families. 
 
 After reaching the hunting grounds, each found 
 occupation in killing the buffaloes, dressing, dry- 
 ing, cooking and making pemmican. Pemmican
 
 516 
 
 HISIOBT OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 was an importaut article of food and merchandise 
 with the Hudson Bay Company in fuinisliing 
 supplies to their employees, and still continues to 
 be used. It was made in the following manner. 
 The lean buffalo meat was cut into thin strips, and 
 a skillful woman would cut these strips round 
 and round, making them quite long. These were 
 spread in the sun during the day. and gathered at 
 night in order to protect them from rain or dew 
 until they became as dry as a bone. They were 
 then placed over the fire to cook, lifter this the 
 meat was beaten in a bufl'alo hide until com- 
 pletely pulverized, when it was mixed with melted 
 fat and packed in skins for market. The lean 
 and fat of two animals is condensed in one sack 
 of pemmican. Xo salt or seasoning was used in 
 its preparation, but properly prepared it would 
 never spoil. Besides the process had driven out 
 the water and so reduced the bulk that a very 
 little would satisfy hiuiger and furnish food 
 in the most condensed form for long journeys. 
 When the carts were loaded with pemmican and 
 hides the party returned from the hunt. En- 
 counters with hostUe Indians, and accidents fre- 
 quently occun-ed which caused much danger and 
 risk. 
 
 During the summer of lS3o Pierre made a trip 
 to Hudson Bay in the employ of the Hudson Bay 
 Company, and again the next summer a second 
 trip. It will give some idea of the hardships to 
 which voyageure were subject if we state here 
 the tests to which they were subjected before 
 they were employed. A day and place was set 
 for those who desired employment, to exliibit 
 their powers of endurance. The load of a voyag- 
 eur, two packages weighing about one hmidred 
 pomids each, was ready and the man who could 
 carry the load to a certain goal and return with- 
 out resting, in the quickest time, was counted the 
 best man, and from those most successful 
 the employees were chosen. The Hudson Bay 
 Company were haughty and overbearuig to the 
 natives and half-breeds, and treated them as 
 "comme les betes," while the policy of the Ameri- 
 can Fin- Company was much more liberal. This 
 led many to transfer their trade to the American 
 company. 
 
 December 1st, 1836, Pierre Bottineau married 
 Genevieve Larance, daughter of John Baptiste 
 Larance, a farmer of the Bed River settlement. 
 
 A few months after, he luidertook the memorable 
 journey across the plains, as guide for ^lartui 
 McLeod. and two companions, Parys and Hayes, 
 from LaFourch, Red River colony. Territorj- of 
 Hudson Bay, to Fort Snelling. The time esti- 
 mated for the journey was twenty-five days; of 
 this, the journey to Lac Traverse was estimated 
 at fifteen days, and the remainder of the journey 
 ten days. The time consumed was, however, 
 fifty days, and two of the party, Messrs. Parys 
 and Hayes, perished by the way. The indomi- 
 table hardihood of Pierre Bottineau, alone, 
 brought ilr. McLeod and himself through. They 
 started with a dog traneau. moccasins and snow- 
 shoes. The deep snow and the inexperience of 
 the part}- retarded their progress. 
 
 They so freqently required their snow-shoes 
 or moccasins loosened or tightened that the pa- 
 tience of Bottineau was taxed to its utmost, and 
 short days" journeys were accomplished. This 
 was, however, only a small matter compared with 
 the trouble that followed. Blizzards, cold, and 
 want of food finally added to their miseries, untU 
 Hayes was lost in a storm and never seen again, 
 and Parys, though fo\uid. was in such a frozen 
 condition as to compel him to remaui in a hut, 
 carefully built and provided for his comfort, imtU 
 hoi-ses could be sent for him from Lac Traverse. 
 "When the relief party arrived they found proof 
 that death had ended his sufferings soon after 
 their departure. Mr. Parys was a Polish gentle- 
 man who had sensed under Remarmo, and left 
 his country after the fall of "Warsaw to avoid the 
 fury of the Czar Nicholas I. Mr. Bottineau and 
 the surviving traveler, Hon. Martin McLeod, ar- 
 rived in safety at Fort Snelling, April 16th. 1S37. 
 May 4th, Bottineau started on liis return on horse- 
 back, took a traveler at Lac Travei-se, and 
 reached the Red River June oth. Spent the sum- 
 mer and winter following, m the usual way, himt- 
 mg and trapping. May, 1838, he rmdertook his 
 next flip across the plains as guide for a large 
 party, consisting of forty families, Swiss. French, 
 and Scotch. This trip was accomplished without 
 any remarkable mcident, except that the Indians 
 along their route became somewhat troublesome, 
 and it was necessary to court their good will by 
 distributing tobacco and flour among them in 
 passing then villages. This was especially true 
 because of the hostilifrs' of the Sioux toward the
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL. 
 
 517 
 
 Chippewas, and the half-breeds of the north were 
 associated with the Chippewas. Four of these 
 Sioux villages were passed at Lac Traverse, num- 
 bering eiglity or ninety braves ; two at Big Stone 
 lake, numbering three hundred ; two at Lac quj 
 Parle, two hundred ; one at Blue Earth, seventy; 
 one atlledwood, one hundred; one at Traverse des 
 Sioux, one hundred and fifty; one at Belle Plainer 
 fifty ; one at Little Eapids, one lnuidred; two at 
 Shakopee, three hundred. These tifteen hmrdred 
 warriors were often on the war path. At Minne- 
 ha-ha. Lake Calhoun and Pig"s Eye there were 
 five or six hundred more. Some of them, whose 
 villages were not in their path, might, notwith- 
 standing, be met on the plains. Owing to some 
 accidents to their carts and one person, it was de- 
 termined to send a messenger ahead to obtain 
 from General H. II. Sibley his barge to transport 
 the party from Traverse des Sioux. On arrival 
 at this point the boat was found m reatliness, and 
 the party were successfully landed at Fort Snell- 
 ing, though the time occupied from Traverse des 
 Sioux was fourteen days, owing to low water. 
 
 At this pouit in his history Mr. Bottineau stops 
 to pay a tribute to the kindness of Gen. Sibley, to 
 whom he was frequently indebted for courteous 
 and generous acts. He always extended this 
 kindness to poor or rich, white man, Indian, or 
 half breed. The Sioux held him in the highest 
 regard and called him the "Great iledicineMan.' 
 He smoked a red pipe with a long stem and often 
 hunted with the Indians. On one occasion' after 
 hunting all day unsuccessfully, while smoking 
 around the camp fire, he cried out "Well, we will 
 kill a bear to-morrow!"' Sure enough the next 
 day's hunt brought in the bear and forever estab- 
 lished the Indians' faith in Gen. Sibley. Botti- 
 neau brought down twenty head of cattle from 
 the Red lliver settlement as well as some other 
 merchandise. lie sold on his arrival, cows at |oO 
 to $7-5, oxen at -flSO to .|200 per pair, butter at 
 fifty cents per poimd. 
 
 October, 1838, he engaged to guide a small party 
 of men to Red River and remained there until 
 184(1. Jilne 1st, 1840, he crossed the plains once 
 more with a large party consisting of twenty fami- 
 Ues, and brought his own family along to settle 
 in this country. On this journey he fell in with 
 the old guide Le Compte and a party conveying 
 a Mr. Simpson to Fort Snelling. Mr. Simpson 
 
 was a son of Sir George Simpson of England, who 
 had been making an expedition in aid of science 
 and was now on his return, bound for England. 
 Simpson showed signs of insanity at this meeting 
 but the parties diverged, intending to take differ- 
 ent routes. On the next day Bottineau was over- 
 taken by two men riding at full speed after him, 
 who requested him to come to the aid of the other 
 party as Mr. Simpson, hi a fit of insanity had 
 killed two of the party, one of whom was Le 
 Compte himself. The relief party foimd that he 
 had added his own death to that of his comrades 
 by blowing out his brains. After disposing as well 
 as could be done of the bodies of the slain, Mr. 
 Bottineau joined the remainder of the party with 
 his own and proceeded, arriving at the Fort in 
 July. Here he found great changes, for the offi- 
 cers of the Fort had driven away Perry and Ger- 
 vais and others ; only a few remained and they 
 were on the point of going, having received noti- 
 fication to that effect from the Fort. Here, for 
 the first time Bottineau met Franklin Steele. 
 Bottineau went on to Saint Paul with his family 
 and made a claim there in 1840, between Gervais 
 and Clewette, camping on the bluff opposite the 
 site of the old Xational hotel. The claim ran as 
 follows: Commencing at a point, now the foot of 
 Jackson street, running down the river eighty 
 rods, thence at right angles to the river one mile, 
 embracing a strip eiglity rods wide running back 
 to Clewette"s claim. Not having money to invest 
 in permanent improvements, he pitched a skin 
 tent (lodge) on the blutf and lived there all sum- 
 mer. During the summer he was employed by 
 Mr. Aiken, an old agent ot the American Fiu- 
 Company, with others to transport freight. In the 
 fall he was able to Iniild a house and make some 
 improvements on his claim. In the .spring of 1841 
 he put twenty acres in crops. From this time he 
 was employed at various things but largely for 
 tlie American Fur ('ompany, until the spring of 
 184-5. During this time he made one more trip 
 to the Red Ri\er. In the summer of 1845 he 
 moved to the falls of St. Antliony and became 
 identified with the interests of the place imtil 
 1854, when he removed to Bottineau Prairie in 
 JMaple Grove. During the years 1845 and '46 he 
 made two more journeys to the Red River settle- 
 ment. 
 In 1851, Mr. Bottineau acted as guide to Gov.
 
 518 
 
 HISTORY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 Kamsey. and (lie commissioners appointed by the 
 government to negotiate a treaty with the Pem- 
 bina Indians. The journey was made with a mili- 
 tary escort. After holding a council with the Indi- 
 ans at Pembina, and concluding the treaty, the 
 commissioners and Gov. Ramsey expressed a wish 
 to visit Fort tiarry, and it was determined to ex- 
 tend the trip accorduigly into the British domin- 
 ion. In 1853 he piloted (Jov. Stevens, of Wash- 
 ington Territory on the Northern Pacific railroad 
 exploration, going west to the Rocky Mountains 
 and retm-ning by the jSIissouri river to St. Louis. 
 
 In the fall of 1853, Mr. Bottineau, made a 
 hunting excursion, acting as guide for a party of 
 English lords and bankers. During the winter 
 of 1854-"5, he went with Captain Carney to Mille 
 Lac with a military escort to arrest two Indian 
 murderers. In 1856 he made an expedition with 
 Colonel Smith, to explore the northern country 
 for a suitable point to locate a military post. In 
 1858, after the report of Colonel Smith's expedi- 
 tion, further exploration was determined on by 
 the general government with reference to the es- 
 tablishment of the post in (juestion. Mr. Bottin- 
 eau accompanied Colonel White and a captain in 
 the regular army who were charged with the en- 
 terprise. This expedition determined the site and 
 located the present Fort Abercrombie at a point 
 then known as Graham's Point. In the winter of 
 "56 and '57, he, with others, located the town 
 site of Breckenridge, and during the following 
 summer he located a town site on his own account 
 at the mouth of Cheyenne river. In 1859, he 
 went with Skinner, the geologist, to locate salt 
 springs for the state. In June, 1860, he accom- 
 panied a military expedition to Pembina, and on 
 his return, went with Gov. Ramsey and Judge 
 Bailey to negotiate a treaty with the Pembina 
 and Red Lake bands of Chippewas, but were not 
 successful in concluding treaty. In 1862, he 
 made a trip with Captain Fisk to Montana, and 
 after reaching Benton, left them to another guide 
 and returned, passing through great dangers 
 from Indians. Since then he lias resided on a 
 farm at Red Lake Falls, I'olk county. 
 
 William AV. Bosworth was born in Washington 
 county, Maine, December 16th, 1857. In 1857 he 
 came to St. Anthony and engaged in the lumber- 
 ing trade until 1875, when he was appointed on 
 the police force as patrol, and in May, 1876, was 
 
 appointed sergeant, and served in that capacity 
 until 1877, and since as patrol. He was married 
 to iliss jSIaria Craig, at St. Anthony, August, 
 1867. Their children are George, Fred, and Eva 
 May. 
 
 M. C. Boutell was born at Worcester, Massa- 
 chusetts, in 1837. At the age of seventeen he 
 was employed by Messrs. Nelson and Rice, of that 
 city, and remained sixteen years. He moved to 
 St. Paul in 1863, and engaged in the hardware 
 business. In 1876, removed to Mimieapolis. Mr. 
 Boutell was married to Miss Maria Wellington, 
 of Massachusetts, who bore him three sons and 
 one daughter. 
 
 Millard F. Bowen, attorney and counselor at 
 law, was born in N ew Orleans, Louisiana, April 
 19th, 1856. He was educated at Buffalo, New 
 York, and studied law with Bowen & Rogers, of 
 that city. He was admitted to the bar at Min- 
 neapolis, January, 1879, and has been in practice 
 here since. His office is located at 324 NicoUet 
 Avenue. 
 
 Winn M. Brackett, originator of the Minneap- 
 olis lire department, was born in ]SIaine in 1843. 
 He moved, in 1846, to Nova Scotia, with his par- 
 ents, where his father was American consul. 
 Six years later he returned to the United States, 
 and at the age of sixteen was identified with the 
 Hose "Annex" of Washington Engine Company, 
 No. 1, of Calais. In 1861. Mr. Brackett enlisted 
 as musician in the Sixth regiment, Maine volun- 
 teers, and served until the fall of 1S62, when he re- 
 turned to Calais. Here he was appointed paymas- 
 ter's clerk, with headquarters at Washington. He 
 came to JSIinneapolis in 1865, and was engaged as 
 boolc-keeper f or Eastman, Gibson and Company. 
 About this time he organized the ]SIiller's Fire 
 Association, from which has grown the present 
 fire department of JSIinneapolis. In 1871 he was 
 elected second assistant of the department, and 
 at expiration of the term was chosen chief 
 engineer, and has held the position since. Mr. 
 Brackett was married at ^linneapolis, in 1867, to 
 ISIiss Emily Iloyt, formerly of Portland, Maine. 
 They have four sons: Charles and Winslow M., 
 Jr., are living; Chapin and Frankie are dead. 
 
 T. A. Brann, is a native of Maine, born at Gar- 
 diner, Kennebec county, March 26th, 1840. He 
 enlisted as a private. April ISth, 1861; he was 
 promoted through the intervening grades to the
 
 BIOGBAPHICAL. 
 
 519 
 
 rank of First Lieutenant. In 1866, he located 
 at Saint Charles, Minnesota; two years after, he 
 removed to Whitewater, Wisconsin, where he 
 remained until 1877, when he came to Minne- 
 apolis. Mr. Brann is the local freight agent of 
 the Chicago, Milwaukee and Saint Paul Railway 
 Company, which position he has held since com- 
 ing here. lie was married in 1866, to Miss M. J. 
 Atkins, of Gardiner, Maine. They are the par- 
 ents of four children. 
 
 E. C. Briggs was bom at Coventry, Khode Isl- 
 and, February 20th, 1838. He came west in 
 1854, and located at Richfield, Minnesota, where 
 he engaged in farming and carpentering until 
 1877, when he removed to this city, and was 
 employed as packer in the Minneapolis Mill; he 
 has continued to serve as such ever since. Mr. 
 Briggs was married to Miss V. M. Ray, in Sei> 
 tember, 1860. Their children are : Ida and 
 George. 
 
 William Brigham was born in Worcester 
 county, Massachusetts, September 19th, 1835. 
 Early in life he located at Marietta, Ohio, and 
 ivas in the boot and shoe Itusiness there until 
 1855; thence to LaFayette, Indiana, until 1865; 
 thence to Chicago until 1869, when he came to 
 Minnesota and settled at Saint Peter, still con- 
 nected with the boot and shoe business. In 
 August 1873, he came to this city, where he was 
 engaged as foreman by the North Star Boot and 
 Shoe Company. Mr. Brigham's family consists 
 of his wife and one daughter. 
 
 F. II. Brimmer, dentist, was born at Ellsworth, 
 Maine, December 30th, 1844. He received his 
 education in his native place, and there studied 
 dentistry with Doctor Osgood. He graduated 
 from the Philadelpha Dental College— Class of 
 1876-7, with degiee of D. D. S. He came to 
 Minneapolis September 30th, 1879. Doctor Brim- 
 mer is unmarried. 
 
 E. Broad is a native of Maine, and was born 
 May 29th, 1814. His father, being a blacksmith, 
 he commenced in early life to learn the trade. 
 In 1842 he moved to Bangor and remained there 
 in pm-suitof his trade, until 1855, when he came 
 west and located at Saint Anthony, where he 
 has since been engaged in the manufacture of 
 edged tools. Mr Broad was married to Miss S. 
 C. Marsh, at Portland, Maine, in 1844. 
 
 Rev. David Brooks was bom in England, No- 
 
 vember, 1802. He learned the tailoring bu.siness, 
 and was converted at twenty-one years of age, and 
 joined the Wesleyan Methodists. Educated in 
 England, and licensed to preach in 1832, and 
 preached in his native country ten years. Came 
 to America in 1842. Settled in Kenosha, Wis- 
 consin. Joined the Rock River conference in 
 1844. Appointed to Dixon, Illinois, for one year. 
 Fell into the Wisconsin conference in 1845, at 
 its organization, and was stationed one year at 
 Light House Point, and one year at Platteville ; 
 also stationed at Dodgeville and AVatertown. 
 Came from the Baraboo conference to I^Iinnesota 
 in 1853, by order of Bishop Scott, to take charge 
 of the Mimiesota district as presiding elder, em- 
 bracing all the territory of JSIinnesota and seven- 
 teen thousand square miles of Wisconsin. Was 
 its presiding elder four years, making appoint- 
 ments and filling them, that reached from the 
 soutliem line of the state to Lake Superior. AVas 
 the presiding elder of Lake Superior district two 
 years, by appointment from the Winona confer- 
 ence ; then from the ^Minneapolis conference to 
 the Minneapolis district, l)y Bishop Baker, for 
 four years. Appointed to the Monticello circuit 
 for two years, and one year agent for the Hamline 
 University ; then five years agent for the Amer- 
 ican Bible Society. Was then sent by Bishop 
 Clark to the Sauk Centre district as presiding el- 
 der for two years. At the end of that time the 
 work in the upper district was re-organized by 
 Bishop Haven, necessitating a change in tlie pre- 
 sidmg elder's district. From Sauk Centre he 
 went to Brooklyn Centre one year ; from there to 
 Champlin and Maple Grove for three years. At 
 the end of that time he again took the agency of 
 the American Bible Society for two years. The 
 first winter he came to Minnesota, he obtained a 
 charter for the Hamline University, and named 
 it, and m the following season obtained from 
 Bishop Hamline, from whom it takes its name, 
 the munificent sum of twenty-five thousand dol- 
 lars. Was the first president of the board of 
 trustees of the institution. 
 
 In June, 1855, he left St. Paul, camping out in 
 the open air on his way to Fort Ripley, from 
 there with a guide to assist, put his boat into the 
 ^Mississippi river, paddling on to Sandy Lake, 
 East Savannah river, St. Louis river, thence to 
 Superior Bay, carrying his canoe across portages
 
 520 
 
 HISTORY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 vaiying in distance from one mile to ten; when 
 iu St. Louis liver, had an encounter with a black 
 bear, who wanted to takf passage on the boat or 
 give him the bear's hug. Tliis he objected to, 
 and having no weapon but his oar which he used 
 industriously about the bears head and fore paws, 
 spattering water in liis face until he was glad to 
 beat a retreat, shaking the water from his shaggy 
 eye brows, so that he could see which way to 
 make his escape. Landed in Superior at the head 
 of the lake, and preached the first protestant ser- 
 mon ever heard there, also obtained a; site and lot 
 for a church. ^Married JSIiss Ann Moseley, who 
 died of cholera in 18-50; married again in 1852 to 
 ]SIargaret W. Prior. They have had five children, 
 Jabez, Josia, Emma, Adin, and Amy A. 
 
 Jabez Brooks, D. D., Professor of the Greek 
 Language and Literature at the University of 
 Minnesota, was bom in England. When a youth 
 his parents emigrated to America and settled ui 
 Wisconsin in 1842, at Soutliport, now Kenosha. 
 At this point he pursued his studies at Southport 
 Academy. After finishing his preparatory studies 
 in the West he entered the sophomore class in 
 Wesleyan University at ISIiddletown, Connecticut, 
 in 1847, and graduated ui 1850. He maintained 
 himself while pursuing his studies by teaching 
 and performing whatever labor he could get. 
 After graduating he came to Wisconsin and con- 
 ducted until 1851 a seminaiy at Watertown, Wis- 
 consin, lie next occupied the chair of Greek and 
 Mathematics in Lawrence University at Apple- 
 ton, Wisconsin. In 1854, he was elected princi- 
 pal of the prepatatory department of Ilamline 
 University at Red Wing, and entered upon his 
 duties on the 16th of November, and during 
 1854-5 he was pastor of the Methodist Episcopal 
 church at that place. In 1857-8, ill-health com- 
 pelled him to reth'e from teaching. In 1861 
 he was elected president of Hamline University, 
 which position he retamed until 1869, when he 
 resigned, and the same year was elected professor 
 of Greek at the University. Since 1869 he has 
 continuously held that position, and for several 
 years after the decease of Professor AV'alker in 
 1876, had charge of the department of Latin also. 
 During his presidency of Ilamline University, 
 Professor Brooks was a member of the State 
 Normal school board, the Agricultural College 
 board, the general conference of the Methodist 
 
 Episcopal church, and commissioner of Indian 
 payments. Mr. Brooks was married in 1854 to 
 Miss Ruby B. Pearee, of Watertown, Wisconsin, 
 and has had five children: The eldest, Adin P., 
 died February 2d, 1881, D. Denslow, Olive E., 
 now Mrs. E. T. Sykes, Anna E. and Lucia May. 
 
 Ole Brohaugh, a native of Norway, was born 
 August 20th, 1852. He came to the United States 
 ui 1869 and located in Red Wing, Minnesota, 
 where he was engaged iu farmuig until 1874. He 
 then started a meat market, in which he con- 
 tinued one year, when he came to Minneapolis 
 and opened a meat market with a partner. In 
 January, 1880, Mr. Brohaugh bought his part- 
 ner's interest and has since continued alone. Mr. 
 Brohaugh was married in 1878, to Albertine Han- 
 son, who bore him one daughter, Clara. 
 
 Baldwui Brown was born in Rochester, New 
 York, February 7th, 1838. He came to St. An- 
 thony in 1849, in company with his parents. His 
 first enterprise was freighting from St. Paul and 
 St. Anthony to the different government posts. 
 He dealt in horses, cattle and real estate for 
 several years, and m 1862, built the old "St. Cloud 
 Hotel." He was engaged in different pursuits 
 untU 1870, when he opened a livery and sale 
 stable. Mr. Brown was member of city council 
 from '72 to '77, member of legislature "73 and was 
 elected member of board of county commissiouera 
 Hennepin county, fall of 1880. He married Em- 
 ma Day in 1865. Th^iir children are, Charles, 
 William, Baldwin and Frederick. 
 
 Benjamin J. Brown was born in Maine, April 
 4th, 1821. A few years in early life were devoted 
 to lumbering, and at twenty-six years of age en- 
 gaged in travelmg business, in which he remained 
 about six years, and in 1852 came to St. Anthony. 
 Here he commenced the lumbering business, in 
 which he was successful rmtil the great financial 
 crash of 1857. He is now employed as overseer 
 in lumbering camps. Mr. Brown was the first 
 marshal of St. Anthon>'. He was also interested 
 with Anson Northnip in the civilization of mur- 
 derous Indians, by the hemp method, in 1857. 
 He was married to Nellie Carleton, April 8th. 
 1855. They have ten children hving, two of 
 whom, Ben Bruce and Nellie, were born at Crow 
 Wing, being the first white children born in that 
 region, and jNlis. Brown the second white woman 
 who lived in that locality.
 
 BIOGBAPHICAL. 
 
 621 
 
 C. D. Brown was bom In Maine, in 1835. At 
 eighteen years of age, he learned the trade of 
 wagon-maker, and has continued in that business 
 since, except three years spent at sea. He came 
 to St. Anthony in 1857, and In the fall of 1859 es- 
 tablished opposite the Pillsbury "A'' mill. Mr. 
 Brown enlisted, in 1862, in the First Minnesota 
 battery, and was discharged at the end of one year 
 on account of failing health. After returning, he 
 opened a shop near the present location, which 
 was burned in 1869; soon after he located at his 
 present shop, 417 Main street, S. E. Mr. Brown 
 was married, in 1859, to Henrietta Murphy who 
 has borne him four children. 
 
 r. D. Brown was born at Vienna, Maine, May, 
 1847. lie came to Minneapolis with his parents 
 in 1854. He learned the trade of blacksmith of 
 his brother, when he was so small he was obliged 
 to stand on a block to strike the anvil. "Brown 
 Brothers'" were the first lires started in the C. 
 M. & St. P. R. R. shops. Mr. Brown was mar- 
 ried, in 1870, to Miss E. S. Lindstrom. They have 
 two children, May and Xellie. Levi ]?rown, his 
 father, started the first blacksmith shop on the 
 west side, and died in 1857. 
 
 J. H. Brown is a native of Canada, and was 
 born September 16th, 1856. He married Eliza- 
 beth Gipson, June 2d, 1879. They have one 
 daughter. His early life was spent in the hotel 
 business. During the summer of 1880, he moved 
 to Minneapolis, and now lias a sample room, 527 
 Washington Avenue south. 
 
 J. M. Brown was born at Winthrop, Maine, 
 August 19th, 1839. He came to this city in 1869, 
 where he engaged in lumbering three years, then 
 bought a shingle mill at Belknap, on the Saint 
 Paul and Dulutli Railroad. He had this mill in 
 operation foiu' years, then returned to ^Slinueap- 
 olis. Since 1878, he has been engineer in the 
 North Star Planing JSIill. Mr. Brown married 
 Ada Dean, December 25th, 1867. 
 
 W. W. Brown was born in Vermont, in 1843. 
 He moved to Iowa in 1863, and followed the 
 hotel busmess fifteen years. He removed to 
 Lake ('alhoun, Minnesota, in 1878, and after 
 having in charge, one year, the Lake Side House, 
 he came to Minneapolis, where he has since re- 
 sided. He is now the proprietor of the Theatre 
 Comique, and also of the Sherman House, 129 
 Second street north. 
 
 Zelora E. Brown, was bom in Brookfield, Mad- 
 ison county, New York, February 9th, 1834. 
 When four years of age, his parents moved to 
 Genesee, New York, where his father received 
 a severe injury, by a falling tree, which resulted 
 in his back being broken; and what is quite re- 
 markable, he is still in good health, having 
 lived the last forty years with liis lower limbs 
 paralyzed. At the age of twenty-one, Mr. Brown 
 came west, but soon returned to New York, 
 where he married Miss Mary R. Armstrong, 
 December 30th 1856. They came to Dakota, 
 Wisconsin, in 1859, where he engaged in farming 
 until 1861, when he was drafted, but accepted 
 the alternative of paying three hundred dollars, 
 and remained with his family. In the fall of the 
 same year he engaged with N. F. Griswold, of 
 Beaver Dam, Wisconsin, as traveling agent for 
 agricultural implements, with whom he remained 
 four years, three years of the time being spent at 
 Rochester, Minnesota, where he was superintend- 
 ent of Mr. Griswold's business in that section. 
 Here, a son, AValter R., was bom to him. He 
 then moved to Irvington, Iowa, and become a 
 partner with J. R. Armstrong, in a general mer- 
 chandise store, remaining five years. Another 
 child was l)orn there. Clarence Z. In 1871, Mr. 
 Brown came to Minneapolis, where he again en- 
 gaged as solicitor and collector for Mr. Griswold, 
 traveling seventy-five thousand miles by team. 
 He fcn'med a partnership with H. O. Hamlin, in 
 1877, which still exists, dealing in real estate. 
 
 J. B. Brouillette was born in Canada, in 1824. 
 He was a dry goods merchant in his native place 
 three years, then moved to New Orleans, w'liere 
 he was engaged in the Saint Charles hotel five 
 years; thence to California, where he was in the 
 hotel business five years; thence to Australia, re- 
 maining there two years. He also spent several 
 years in Washington Terrritory, Oregon and the 
 British Possessions, engaged in farming and 
 mining. He came to Minneapolis in 1879. where 
 he has since remained. ^Ir. Brouillette was mar- 
 ried to Miss Jane Renwick. Their living chil- 
 dren are Mary, Joseph, James, Louise. and\'ictor. 
 
 James Bryant was bom at Bedford, Indiana, 
 January. 22d, 1843. He came with his parents to 
 Minneapolis in 1856; his father, R. R. Bryant en- 
 gaged in mercantile business on ^Vashington Av- 
 enue. In 1861, James Bryant enlisted in the
 
 HISTORY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 First Minnesota Volunteer Infantry; he was 
 wounded in the battle of Gettysburg In 1863, and 
 Ln July. 1865. was honorably discharged. He 
 was elected register of deeds for Hennepin coun- 
 ty, m 1866, which office he held until 1871. He 
 then entered upon the abstract business, in which 
 he continued until 1876. wlieii lie entered the 
 clerk's office as deputy clerk of court and served 
 until January. 1881, when he again went into 
 the abstract business. Mr. Bryant was married 
 in this city to Miss Abbie Robinson, in Xovem- 
 ber, 1865. They have had six children, five of 
 whom are living. 
 
 Ilemy Buckendorf is a German, and was born 
 November 2d, 1844. He attended the public 
 schools of Germany until the age of fifteen, when 
 he learned the business of florist. He served one 
 and a half years in the Prussian army. Soon af- 
 ter, he emigrated to the United States, coming di- 
 rectly to Minneapolis, where he at once engaged 
 m the business of florist, in which he still con- 
 tmues. and has one of the finest establishments 
 in the city. Mr. Buckendorf is unmarried. 
 
 AVilliam Buckendorf was born in Germany, in 
 1833. He attended the public schools of his na- 
 tive countrv until 1S4S. He then was instructed 
 in floral gardening. In 1857 he came to America 
 with Judge Ames, and was in the employ of Dr. 
 Ames until 1863, when he purchased his present 
 gardens. Mr. Buckendorf was the first florist in 
 this city. He was married to Barbara Weber^ 
 September, 1860, who died sixteen years later, 
 leaving four children. Mr. Buckendorf was mar- 
 ried m October. 1878, to Maria Gerdis. 
 
 Martin Buerfeuing was bom in Prussia. Octo- 
 ber 13th, 1847. He lived in his native countiy 
 twenty-one yeai-s, during wliich tune he learned 
 harness-making. In 1868 he came to America. pro- 
 ceeding directly to ^Minneapolis, where he settled. 
 and worked at his trade until 1875. He was then 
 appointed on the police force, where he has since 
 officiated. He was married to Kustena "Weinard. 
 of Wilmington. Delaware, in 1873. who bore him 
 three children : Ida. Mary, and Anna. 
 
 G. C. Bugbee was bom at St. Johnsbury, Ver- 
 mont, April loth, 1837. He was reared to man- 
 hood in his native place, and in 1857 came to 
 Mmneapolis. Mr. Bugbee loaded the firet lumber 
 for shipment from this city, on the Chicago, ilil- 
 waukee and St. Paul liaUroad, and has been en- 
 
 gaged in that business since. He is at present 
 with the Minneapolis and St. Louis RaUway, also 
 St. Paul. Minneapolis and Manitoba Railway. Mr. 
 Bugbee was married at St. Paul. May 22d, 1863, 
 to Miss Dora M. Gabert. 
 
 Edward Biu-ke was born at ^Montello. "Wiscon- 
 sm, August 19th. 1857. While yet a boy he 
 ■ moved with his parents to Winona. Minnesota. 
 At the age of twelve he commenced as a miller 
 at Minnesota City, and remained for five years 
 in the employ of the Winona Mill Company of 
 that place. In May 1879, he removed to Minne- 
 apolis, where he was employed in the Washbum 
 Mills eight months : he then engaged with the 
 Standard Mill as packer, and has since remained 
 at that place. 
 
 L. W. BurreU was bom July 13th, 1852, at 
 Dover, Maine. Here he attended school imtil 
 eighteen years of age, when he changed his home 
 to Clearfield. Pennsylvania; he then learned 
 blacksmitliing. In 1872 he removed to Minne- 
 apolis ; for six years he was in the employ of other 
 parties, and in 1878 opened a shop and resumed 
 his trade, until the establishment of the Hame 
 Factory. "Sir. BuiTell was married November, 
 1877, to Miss Flora Rich, who bore him two child- 
 dren, Rose and Thomas. 
 
 William E. Burwell was born at Buffalo, New 
 York, November 24th, 1844. He moved to New 
 York city in 1854, thence to Minneapolis, Novem- 
 ber 4tli. 1874. Here he entered the First Na- 
 tional Bank as general book-keeper, which position 
 he held until May, 1880. he then being elected as- 
 sistant cashier of the Northwestern National 
 Bank. 
 
 C. R. Buslmell was born in Jefferson county. 
 New York. November, 1832. He engaged in farm- 
 ing until 1848, when he went to Racine, Wisconsin, 
 and learned the machinists trade ; here he re- 
 mained until 1855, then removed to Waconda 
 county, IlUnois. In 1857 he located at Lake City, 
 Minnesota, employed ui manufacture of sa.sh, 
 doors, blinds, etc. Meethig with reverses, caused 
 by the panic of 1857, he was made destitute and 
 through the winter of ■57-"58 he subsisted princi- 
 pally on corn meal and molasses. In 1862 he 
 went to St. Paul and was employed m the Pio- 
 neer foundry, by Mr. Gillman ; the sprmg follow- 
 ing he came to St. Anthony and engaged with 
 Charles Scott in his foimdrv. Mr. Bushnell start-
 
 BIOGBAPHICAL. 
 
 523 
 
 ed a machine shop in 1S64, on the west side of 
 the river and made the sliafting for the first wool- 
 en mill ever built in this city. He sold out in 
 1865, and that year formed a co-partnership known 
 as C. R. Hushnell and Co., hut afterwards better 
 known as the St. Anthony Iron Works. Since 
 January, 1880, he has been a member of the firm 
 of Bushnell and Spear, I^'orthwestern Stove 
 Works. Mr. Bushnell was married September, 
 1855, to Miss Delia Kitz. Tlieir children are, 
 Charles, Arthur and Elbert. 
 
 Louis Buschjost was born in Germany, Feb- 
 ruary 14th, 1850. He acquued a knowledge of 
 shoe-making in his native country, and worked 
 at it until 1 874,when he came to the United States. 
 He first settled in Cincinnati, Ohio; thence to 
 Saint Joseph, Missouri, where he remained until 
 1877, when he came to Minneapolis, and has since 
 continued in his business. Mr. Busclijost was 
 married to Emma Altwein, of Wisconsin, who 
 bore him a son; Otto. 
 
 B. r. Butler was born in Maine, in 1829. He 
 moved to Detroit, Michigan, in 1854, an<l was 
 with the Michigan Central railroad. In 185f), he 
 located at Minneapolis, engaged in the sash and 
 blind business; a few months after, he took a 
 claim at Forest City, remaining on it one year; 
 thence to Fair Haven, Stearns county, and pur- 
 chased a farm, which he tilled imtil 1873. He 
 then returned to this city, where he has been em- 
 ployed in the Nortli Star Iron Works and mill- 
 wright in the different mills throughout the 
 state. Married Miss Eliza Tucker, in 1860. 
 They have one cliild living; Allana. 
 
 G. S. Butler was Ixn-n at Cliiiton, New York, 
 March 4th, 1834. He engaged in book-keeping 
 for twenty years previous to his entering mer- 
 cantile business. He located in Minneapolis in 
 1876. Mr. Butler was married August 6th, 1862, 
 at Clinton, New York, to Miss Sophia A. Com- 
 stock; Harriet E., and Alice B., are their chil- 
 dren. 
 
 H. C. Butler was born in ^Nlaine, in 1838, where 
 he remained until coming to Minneapolis, in 
 1857. He is the proprietor of the Minneapolis 
 Mill Pick Depot and Iron Works, whicli business 
 he has carried on since his coming to the city. 
 Mr. Butler was married to Miss Eunice L. Baine 
 of this city, in 1857. They have seven children. 
 
 W. E. Butler is a native of Maine, born May, 
 
 1848. At twelve years of age he learned the 
 trade of saw flier, and continued in it until 1871, 
 when lie commenced learning photography of W. 
 H. Jacoby. In 1874 he commenced business in 
 his present location on Central Avenue, Nicollet 
 Island. Mr. Butler does a general photographic 
 business, including portraits in India ink, water 
 colors, and oil. He was married to Miss Fannie 
 Wluttier, of this city, in 1872. They have one 
 son: Henry Edwin. 
 
 F. G. Buttolph was born at Troy, Oakland 
 county, Michigan, December 5th, 1847. At the 
 age of sixteen, he accompanied his parents to Can- 
 ada, where he learned his trade, that of dyeing, and 
 engaged in it until 1878, when he came to Min- 
 neapolis. In addition to his dyeing works here, 
 he has a hat establishment, in whicli he renovates 
 silk, felt, and straw hats. 
 
 T. J. Buxton was born in Washington county, 
 Pennsylvania, November 18tli, 1833. He moved 
 with his parents, to Union county, Ohio, 1835, 
 where he resided on a farm until twenty-one 
 years of age. He began banking business at 
 Marysville, as cashier, where he continued six 
 years. Mr. Buxton raised Company "E,'" Sixty- 
 sixth Regiment, Ohio Infantry, and entered the 
 field, in West Virginia, in 1862. He participated 
 in several of the most prominent engagements, 
 being taken prisoner, at Port Republic, and held 
 as such in Salisljury and Libby prisons, for four 
 months. In 1869 he located at Minneapolis and 
 opened the City Bank, in which he has served as 
 cashier since. He has also held the office of city 
 treasurer for four terms. Mr. Buxton ^^'as mar- 
 ried to Miss Delia A. (iriffln, of Delaware county, 
 Ohio. Their children are: Bessie and Marie. 
 
 James Byrnes is a native of Ireland. He ac- 
 companied his parents to America in 1852, locat- 
 ing on a farm, in Hennepin county, Minnesota; 
 he remained with his parents three years, then 
 spent two years in Saint Anthony. At the age 
 of seventeen he learned the blacksmith's trade. 
 Mr. Byrnes was in the south three years, during 
 the war. He came to this city, in 1865, and 
 opened a blacksmith shop. He married Julia F. 
 Sullivan, in 1S65, who has been a resident of this 
 state twenty-six years. They have live cliildren 
 living, and have lost three sons. Mr. Byrne's 
 shop is located at 104 First street south, where he 
 employs three men.
 
 524 
 
 BlSTOnT OF HENNEPIK COUNTY. 
 
 CHAPTER LXXVII. 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL. C AND II. 
 
 W. F. Cahill came to :MLiineiipolis in 1S.53. He 
 bought tlie Island mill in 1860. and operated it 
 until 1870, when it was destroyed by Are. The 
 same year he built the Holly mills, and also the 
 Florence mill at Stillwater. Cahill and Company 
 purchased the Dakota mill, in 1S73, and in 1877 
 the Galaxy, from the Aukeny estate. The latter 
 mill was destroyed by the explosion of May, 
 1878, and rebuilt by Cahill. Fletcher and Compa- 
 ny, in 1878-9. It was opened in December of the 
 latter year. Mr. Cahill also had an interest in 
 the ilinnetonka mill, from 1875 to 1'877. He was 
 married in 18-53, to Sarah M. Bailey. Their chil- 
 dren are : Florence, now the wife of F. Green . 
 leaf, Mariam B., now :Mrs. F. Ilinkle, Helen F. 
 now the wife of M\ T. Maxfield; Paul W., died at 
 the age of four years. 
 
 James Cain came to Mimiesota in 1863, and for 
 five years was engaged in farming in Dakota 
 county ; then came to Minneapolis in 1868, and 
 followed lumbering seven years. In 1875 he en 
 gaged in saloon business on Second street north 
 where he remained two years, then moved to his 
 present location, 24 Hennepin Avenue. Septem. 
 ber 27th, 1876, he married Frances Murphy. 
 
 T. H. Cain was born in ^larch, 1856. In eai-ly 
 life he went to Canandaigua, New York, thence 
 to Clinton, Iowa, and learned the trade of horse- 
 shoer. He located at Mimieapolis in October, 
 1878. Here he worked for different parties until 
 March, 1880, when the existing firm of Keep & 
 Cain was formed. 
 
 George CaUadine. harness and horse furnish- 
 ings, 16 First street north. He was born in Hert- 
 fordshire, England, in 1827. At the age of 
 twenty-two he entered the army and served as 
 saddler, three yeare, in the Eleventh Hussars. In 
 1852, he went to Australia, and remained three 
 years: returned to England, and in 1856 came to 
 Miimesota; settled at Rockford, Wright comity, 
 where he still owns 240 acres of land. At the 
 breaking out of the war. Mr. Calladine recruited 
 a company on money raised by the sale of his 
 live stock; of this company he was first lieutenant, 
 and ser\-ed three years and six months: was mus- 
 
 tered out as captain at Chicago in 1865. He par- 
 ticipated in many of the principal engagements 
 of the war. and was provost marshal for General 
 Burnside during his Tennessee campaign. In 
 1866, he came to Minneapolis and engaged in the 
 harness business with Mr. Pavitt; since 1870 Mr. 
 CaUadine has carried on the trade alone. He 
 was married in 1866 to Margaret McDonald, of 
 Chicago. They have two children. Caroline M. 
 and Margaret E. 
 
 Dr. Arthur A. Camp was bom in Jersey City, 
 Xew Jersey, August 15th, 1850. He was educat- 
 ed in Burlington, "S'ermont, graduated from the 
 University of that place. In 1869, he learned the 
 drug business at Saratoga Springs, and continued 
 in it until 1875, when he removed to New York 
 and was engaged as assistant house physician in 
 a hospital. He studied mediehie and graduated 
 from Xew York Homeopathic ^ledical College in 
 1878; he came directly to ^linueapolis, and has 
 since been in continuous practice here. He was 
 elected president of the Homeopahtic Medical 
 Society of Hennepin county, m September, 1879, 
 and was re-elected in 1880. Dr. Camp married 
 Miss Mary Walton, at Saratoga Springs, in 1878. 
 They have one cliild: Arthur W. 
 
 John McK. Campbell, contractor and builder. Is 
 a native of Scotland, where he was born January 
 1st, 1842. He emigrated with his parents to 
 Prince Edward Island in 1843. In 1856. he en- 
 tered the coast merchant sailing, and continued 
 until 1863, when he returned home and served an 
 apprenticeship at ship building; then went to sea 
 for one year: he lauded in Xew York, ti^aveled 
 about through several states and finally settled in 
 Owatonna. Minnesota, where he remained three 
 years dt)iug carpenter work. He removed to 
 Minneapolis in 1870, and has since been engaged 
 here in contracting. In 1873, he married Mary 
 Morrison. Three children have been born to 
 them; Aima Belle, Alvin B. and Mai-y. 
 
 E. C. Cauvet, of the firm of Cauvet and Reid, 
 was born in Xew York city, Xovember 4th, 1836. 
 He enlisted May 24th, 1861, in Company C,42d 
 Xew York Infantry. At the battle of BaU's Bluff 
 he was promoted to second lieutenant, and first 
 lieutenant at Antietam. December 13th. 1862. 
 at the battle of Fredericksburg, he was promoted 
 to captain ; and January 1st, 1864, was appointed 
 assistant provost marshal, under General Han
 
 BIOGBAFHICAL. 
 
 525 
 
 cock. He held this office until June, 1864. Was 
 mustered out at New York city, July 13th, 1864. 
 After leaving the sen'ice he went into the plumb- 
 ing business at New York, wliicli he continued 
 ten years. In February, 1874, he came to Miinie- 
 apolis, and has been in business here since that 
 time. His wife was Emma Knight, wliom lie 
 maiTied January 8th, 1866. Three cliildren liave 
 been bom to them ; only one is living, Viola L. 
 
 Casper Cantieny, a native of Switzerland, was 
 bom in 1807. He emigrated to America in 1850, 
 and located in Ohio for five years, during which 
 time lie followed house carpentering. He then 
 spent two years in Illinois and three in Wiscon- 
 sin, in the hotel business ; also kept the Garden 
 City Hotel of St. Paul two years. In 1861 he en- 
 listed in tlie First ilinnesota Cavalry, and served 
 seventeeu months. From that time he worked at 
 the carpenter's trade in St. Paul and Red Wing, 
 until 1865. when he came to Minneapolis, and fol- 
 lowed his trade here four years. In 1H79 he erect- 
 ed the building he now uses for a liquor, cigar and 
 confectionery store. No. 1 Nicollet Avenue. He 
 was married in 1848, to Maria Coray. They have 
 four children. 
 
 T. J. Canney, a native of New Hampshire, was 
 born in Tuftenborough, October 27th, 1831. He 
 came to Wright county, Minnesota, m 1857, moved 
 to Clear Water in 1859, thence to ^Minneapolis in 
 1864 and started a dairy, whicli business he con- 
 tinued until 1876, when he purchased the state 
 right for patent concrete sidewalks. He was 
 married in 1855, to Julia Smith of New Hamp- 
 shire. Their children are: Fred, Frank, John, 
 Flora, Bessie and George ; the latter died in 1876 
 aged twelve years. Mr. Canney is contractor in 
 concrete walks and drive ways, also house and 
 barn roof painting, with fire and water proof 
 paint ; No. 1929 Western Avenue. 
 
 E. J. Carlin was bom at Troy, New York, in 
 1848. When a child he went with liis parents to 
 Binghamton, New York and remained until 1870, 
 when he removed to Iowa. In 1871 he came to 
 Minneapolis, and has since been engaged in the 
 cooper business, with the exception of three years 
 passed in Philadelphia. His wife was Ella 
 McCarthy, whom he married in 1875. Their resi- 
 dence is No. 714 Seventeenth Avenue south. 
 Mr. Carlin was one of the founders and is a char- 
 
 ter member of the Hennepin County Barrel Com- 
 pany. 
 
 C4. C. Carr, born in Lauderdale, Mississippi, 
 June 1st, 18.59. His parents were slaves and his 
 father died in the great struggle for freedom ; his 
 motlier came to this city with her children, and 
 at tlie age of six years G. C. was oliUged to go on 
 the street blacking boots and selling papers, until 
 1870, when he commenced attending the public 
 schools ; his love for penmanship induced him 
 to turn nearly his whole attention in that di- 
 rection. In 1875 he went to Red Wing and 
 worked as shop-boy in a barber's shop morn- 
 ings and evenings, attending school during the 
 day. He remained until 1878, having learned 
 the barber's trade. His business enabled him to 
 attend Commercial college, and he is now bend- 
 uig his energies to perfect himself in penman- 
 ship, with a view to teaching. His place of bus- 
 iness is at 409 Hennepin Avenue. 
 
 L. S. Carr, head miller at the I'nion ]SIill. was 
 born at Watertown, Wisconsin, February 23d, 
 1851. He learned milling at home, where he 
 worked about seven years; he came here in Sep- 
 temljer. 1874, and was in the Washburn A mill 
 until May 2d, 1878. On that day :Mr. Carr left 
 the mill three minutes before six o'clock, and at 
 ten minutes after six the explosion occun'ed which 
 left the mill a mass of ruins. After tliis he 
 worked in the Pillsbury, the Washburn B and 
 the Washburn C mills until March 1st, 1880, when 
 he went to the Union mill. He was married May 
 29th, 1878, to Ida R. Ripley. 
 
 E. D. Case was born in Minneapolis, October 
 2d, 1857. He was married December 24th, 1878, 
 to Eva M. Cobb. E. D. is the son of Emanuel 
 Case, one of the early settlers of Hemiepm coun- 
 ty, who died a few years since. Mr. Case is en- 
 gaged in the livery business at 211 Plymouth Av- 
 enue. 
 
 George W. Gates, a native of Elaine, was born 
 in Cutler, Washington county, in 18.54. He came 
 to Minnesota when a child, and lived on a farm 
 at Bloomington until 1870; since that time he has 
 been engaged in the agricultural implement busi- 
 ness. He is now with II. Kirkwood as book- 
 keeper and traveling salesman. September 18th, 
 1877, he man-ied Mary C. PhilUps, of St. Paul, 
 who has borne him one child, Edith E. 
 
 William AI. Carlton was bom at Manchester,
 
 526 
 
 HISTORY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 Xew Hampshire. Xovember 27th, 1844. When a 
 child he went with his parents to Beaver Dam. 
 Wisconsm: from tliere he removed to VTatertown 
 and learned the milling business. He spent some 
 time in Madison. Beaver Dam and Monroe, and 
 in 1,S72 came to Minneapolis; he worked at rail- 
 road building on the frontier one season, but re- 
 turned to this city and has been with the Holly 
 mill since June. 1874. He is now head miller. 
 April 26th. 1870. he married Maggie Graham, of 
 AViscousin. Their children aie Clara, Jeanette 
 and Elizabeth Grace. 
 
 H. :M. Carpenter, a native of Ehode Island, 
 was born in Providence in 1828. He came to St. 
 Anthony in 1854 and worked two years as clerk 
 for Tufts, Refolds & Wliittemore. In 1857 he 
 engaged in general merchandise business with 
 Mr. Andrews as partner, but they were burned 
 out. in about sixteen months, and in 1860 Mr. Car- 
 penter started ui the same business alone. He con- 
 tinued it four years, and in the meantime bought 
 an interest in a paper mill. In the spring of 1865 he 
 started the paper store at St. Paul, and the fol- 
 lowing year took a partner. J. T. Averill. the lat- 
 ter taking charge of the St. Paul store. Since the 
 withdi-awal of Cutler and Secombe from the 
 firm. Mr. Cai-penter has had entire control of the 
 paper mill. He married Kate Ladd. of Provi- 
 dence, Ehode Island, April 20th, 1852. Three 
 children have been bom to them: Frank. Henry 
 and Edwin. 
 
 Rev. J. F. Chaffee, pastor of Ilemiepin Ave- 
 nue Tabernacle, was born in Attica, Xew York, 
 Xovember 5th, 1827; converted and joined the 
 Free Will Baptist at twelve years of age. At 
 eighteen, moved to Illinois and soon joined the 
 Methodist; before twenty-one years of age, was 
 admitted on trial in the Rock River Conference, 
 and sent to the Carthage circuit for one year, at 
 Oquawka two years, Iilonmouth one year, Knox- 
 \i\le one year, Lewiston two years, Jefferson 
 street. Chicago, two years, transferred to iliune- 
 sota in 1857: to St. Anthony imtil the spring of 
 18-59, then to Jackson street, St. Paul, from the 
 spring of "59, to the fall of '60, then two years in 
 Minneapolis. Five years presiding elder of the 
 ilinneapolis and St. Paul district. Three years 
 pastor of Centenary church, duruig which time 
 the church was built and dedicated. One year 
 city missionary, during which time the Seventh 
 
 street church was built and dedicated: for the 
 next three yeai-s. was agent of the Hamline Uni- 
 versity, duruig that time which he re-located on 
 fifty acres of valuable land. The next year suppli- 
 ed Duluth. one year in Faribault, two years pre- 
 siding elder of AVinona district, one year in Jack- 
 son street. St. Paul, then invited to come to the 
 present pastorate on Hennepin Avenue; was a 
 member of two general conferences in 1868 and 
 1880; was maiTied in 1849 to Calista Hopkins, of 
 Xew York; have two children living; Canie C. 
 and Hugh G. 
 
 W. II. Chamberlain, a native of Maine, was 
 born in 1830. In 1846 he went to Boston. Massa- 
 chusetts, and remained four years, working in a 
 furniture store, and part of the time clerking in 
 a hotel. In 1850 he went to Xew York and 
 kept books one year in the Commercial Exchange 
 bank: from there he removed to Brooklyn, where 
 he learned the jeweler's trade, then spent one 
 year in Ohio, and in 1857 came to ilinnesota; 
 he located in Saint Anthony, but in 1862 moved 
 on this side of the river, and since that time has 
 been engaged in the jewelry business here: he is 
 at Xo. 6 Washington Avenue south. ^Mr. Cham- 
 berlain was with General Sibley in his raid 
 against the Indians in 1862. He was married 
 in 1856. at Troy. Xew York, to Charlotte Knick- 
 erbacker. Their living children are : William, 
 Ida. Mary and Charlotte. 
 
 AV. B. Champion was bom on Prince Edward 
 Island, in 1848. He moved to Maine and resided 
 about eight yeare, then came to ^Mumeapolis in 
 1878, and engaged in forming the Hennepin 
 County Barrel Company, of which he is the pres- 
 ident. His wife was Miss ^linnie McArthur to 
 whom he was married in 1870. They reside at 
 .309 AVashington Avenue north. 
 
 Rev. Z. L. Chandonnet. pastor of the church 
 of Our Lady of Lourdes, was bom July 10th, 
 1848. at St. Pierre Les-Recquets, Xicollet county, 
 Quebec. He attended the Petit and Grand Sem- 
 inaries, in Quebec, completing his theological 
 education at Tliree Rivers, where, on the 22d of 
 Xovember 1874, he was ordained and at once 
 appointed A'icarof St. Francis of Xivier's church 
 at Baliscan. Here he remamed imtil September 
 29th, 1875, when he was appointed to a like posi- 
 tion at St. Anna's Church, at Yamachiche. This 
 position he retained until October, 1877, when
 
 BIOGSAPHICAL. 
 
 he came to Minnesota, and was placed in charge 
 of the churches at Belle Prairie and Little Falls, 
 ilorrisoii county, remaining there luitil March 
 1st, 1879, when he was placed in charge of the 
 churches at Lenz and Corcoran, Hennepin county, 
 and in December following was transferred to 
 his present charge in MinneapoUs. 
 
 James Chant was born in Somerset county, 
 England, January 15th, 1840. He came to the 
 United States in 1873, and located the same year 
 at Ilawley, Clay county, JNlinnesota, on a farm. 
 Here he remained until 1878, when he became a 
 partner of Mr. Maskell in the city meat market. 
 Mr. Chant's family consists of his wife and nine 
 children. 
 
 Josiah II. Chase, a native of Kingston, New- 
 Hampshire, was born September 15th, 1840. He 
 learned the trade of carriage making of liis father, 
 and remained with him imtil 1852, when he went 
 to Boston and worked in a clothing store, at a 
 weekly salary of two dollars and seventy-five 
 cents. In 1856 he came to Ohnsted county, Min- 
 nesota ; afterward made a claim of 160 acres in 
 Mower county. In the fall of 1856 he came to 
 St. Anthony, and the following springpurchased, 
 in company with S. A. Lewis, a stock of Ijnots 
 and shoes, to which in a few months they added 
 general merchandise ; in two years Mr. Chase 
 bought out his partner and continued the business 
 alone; in 1861 he closed the dry goods depart- 
 ment, and carried only boots and shoes and cloth- 
 ing. In 1866 he was burned out and at once lo- 
 cated on Main street: in 1875 he erected the 
 building lie now occupies, located on Central 
 Avenue, corner Second street. Mr. Chase is the 
 oldest clothing dealer in the city. He was mar- 
 ried in lK63,to Ellen May Rankin. They have 
 had four children only two of whom are now liv- 
 ing; Henry and Josiah. 
 
 C. E. Chilstrom, a native of Sweden, was born 
 July 22d, 1851. He came to America with his 
 parents in 1856 and located in Wisconsin, but re- 
 moved to Minnesota, and his parents now reside 
 in Litchfield. In January, 1871, he came to Min- 
 neapolis and worked for Dr. Linn, afterward for 
 Pabody and Whittaker, and has continued in the 
 drug business since. The firm of Patterson and 
 Chilstrom was formed in October, 1880 ; they car- 
 ry a full line of goods appertaining to the drug 
 trade. Mr. Chilstrom 's wife w'as Matilda Nelson 
 
 of Sweden, to whom he was married in May, 
 1880. 
 
 E. H. Chittenden was born in Monroe county, 
 New York, in 1832. In 1856 he went to Medina, 
 New York, and practiced as veterinary surgeon 
 four years, then removed to Ohio and remained 
 two years. In 1862 he began steamboating on 
 the Ohio river and followed that business four 
 years; he then came to Minnesota and engaged in 
 farming in Faribault county until 1874, when he 
 removed to JSlinneapolis. He built two small 
 steamers and ran one of them one season, between 
 this city and St. Cloud, then sold her and re- 
 sumed liis practice as veterinary surgeon, which 
 he has continued since. Was married in 1858, to 
 Hannah Gerry ; six children have been born to 
 them but only two are living. 
 
 J. A. Christian was born in Wilmington, North 
 Carolina, September 12th, 1832. He moved to 
 Walworth county, Wisconsin, in 1847, and from 
 there to Chicago in 1851 ; thence to Caledonia, 
 Illinois, where lie dealt in cattle, hogs, wheat, etc., 
 until 1860, when he went to Colorado, and for 
 nine years engaged in mining. Six years of this 
 time lie was treasurer of Summit county. In 
 186!) he came to Minnesota, and for two years was 
 in the himliering business at Dayton ; then came 
 to Minneapolis and ran the Zenith mill for two 
 years. He entered the firm of George II. Chris- 
 tian and Company, in 1873. The latter retired at 
 the expiration of one year, and the firm took the 
 name of J. A. Christian and company. The mill 
 explosion of May, 1878, caused suspension of bus- 
 iness, and in July of the same year a new firm 
 was formed, under the name of Christian, Broth- 
 er and Company, and own the Crown Boiler mill. 
 In June, 1874, Mr. Christian married Mary E. 
 Ilall, who has borne him three daughters : Carrie, 
 Annie, and Susie. 
 
 Llewellyn Christian, a native of A\'etumpka 
 county, Alabama, was bom June 10th, 1841. In 
 1844 he went with his parents to Wilmington, 
 North Carolina, and in 1849 removed to Geneva. 
 Wisconsin. In 1854 he went to Chicago, and at- 
 tended high school four years. At the expiration 
 of that time he went to New York, and remauied 
 until 1872, when he came to Miiiiieapi)lis and en- 
 gaged in the Zenith mill, the firm name being 
 Christian, Day and Company. From that time 
 until the present he has been associaied with J.
 
 528 
 
 mSTOBY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 A. Christian. His wife was iliss Eliza French, 
 whom he married in 1874. 
 
 Le\i Cliristlieb. born in Cumberland countj-, 
 Pennsylvania, July Stli, 1S44. He went to St. 
 Joseph, Missouri, in 1869, and the same year re- 
 moved to this city. Until the spring of 1870 he 
 worked with Greeley, Love and Company, har- 
 ness-making; then with Davis and ilcCalluui, 
 and the Trades Manufacturing Company, until 
 August, 1874, when he went uiio partnership with 
 John H. Arnell, and has continued to do a pros- 
 perous business since. They are located at 108 
 Central Avenue. Mr. ChristUeb is immarried. 
 
 Richard Chute was born at Cincinnati. Ohio. 
 September 2.3d, 1820, and moved to Columbus at 
 the age of seven years, and four years later to 
 Fort Wayne, Indiana. In 1841, he formed a 
 partnership with William G. Ewing in the fur 
 trade: from that time until 18.54, he visited in the 
 autumn of each year, Mimiesota, Iowa and other 
 western points. He was at St. Anthony in 1844 
 and built a house, which was used for several 
 years as a trading post. After the death of liis 
 partner in 1854, Mr. Chute located m Saint An- 
 thony, and until 1868, had charge of the property, 
 since owned by the Saint Anthony Water Power 
 Company; he sold lots lying east of Main street, 
 but was restricted from selling between that and 
 the river; since tliat time he lias been engaged in 
 real estate business. While traveling in the fur 
 busmess, Mr, Chute was present at the forming of 
 several treaties with Indians. He was at Agency 
 City, Iowa, when the treaty was concluded with 
 the Sac, and Fox tribe by which they ceded to the 
 government aU their lands in Iowa territory ;he was 
 also at Washington when the treaty was made 
 with the Winnebagos in 18.56. In early days he 
 took a lively interest in railroad matters and was 
 among the incorporators of some of the compa- 
 nies, ilr. Chute was commissioned by Gen. 
 Sibley as Colonel of the Seventeenth Regiment 
 MUitia, and in 1862, he was quartermaster of an 
 expedition from Fort Snelling to the Chippewa 
 countiT, under Gen, Dale. In 1863, he was ap- 
 pointed regent of the State University. He is 
 an elder in the Andrew Presbyterian church, and 
 has been superintendent of the Sabbath-school 
 for many years. He manied Mary Young, of 
 Indiana-, February 28th, 1850. They have three 
 living children; Charles. Willie and Grace, 
 
 C. W. Clark, a native of Delaware county, 
 New York, was bom March 3d, 1827. Until 
 seventeen years of age, he lived on a farm, then 
 learned the black-smith"s trade. In 1847, he 
 went to South Wilbraham, Massachusetts; thence 
 to Illinois, and in 1860, came to this city. In 
 1867, Mr, Clark built a shop near where Goodf el- 
 low and Eastman now are, and in 1875, bought 
 his present shop which is 20x66 feet, and two- 
 stories high, situated on the corner of Third 
 street and Third Avenue south. He was mar- 
 ried December 19th, 18.52, to Eliza Bliss, of 2dass- 
 aehusetts, who has borne him nine children, 
 seven of whom are living. 
 
 II. B. Clark was born in Brockton, ilassachu- 
 setts, March 7th, 1841. He received his early ed- 
 ucation in his native town and worked for his 
 father until 1859, when he went to California. 
 He returned in 1861, and worked at the whole- 
 sale grocery business in Boston, ilassachusetts, 
 until 1869, when he came to Minneapolis. The 
 following year he opened a meat-market, and has 
 been in that business since, with the exception of 
 two and one-half years wliicli he spent in charge 
 of the Xational Hotel of this city. He removed 
 to his present location in July, 1880. 
 
 Isaac B. Clark was born in Ethngham, Illinois, 
 October 2d, 1856. When two years of age he 
 moved witli his parents to Missouri, and lived 
 on a farm until eighteen years old. In 1874, he 
 removed to Galesburg, and two years later went 
 south; he visited Memphis, New Orleans and 
 Saint Louis, In 1878. he came to Minnesota and 
 settled in this city. In the spring of 1880, he 
 traveled through Dakota and Montana, but re- 
 turned here in the fall of the same year and 
 opened his photograph gallery on Washington 
 Avenue south. 
 
 Professor Jolm Sinclair Clark was bom at 
 Saint Marys, Nova Scotia, in 1849. After teach- 
 ing for a few years he came to Minneapolis, in 
 Jime 1870, and entered the classical course at 
 the University. Acting as assistant librarian of 
 the institution for four years he thus furnished 
 himself with the means necessary to carry 
 through the full University course, and grad- 
 uated in June, 1876, He was immediately ten- 
 dered, and accepted, the position of instnictor in 
 Latin and mathematics. This place he filled 
 until the spring of 1880, when he was appointed
 
 BIOGBArHICAL. 
 
 529 
 
 assistant professor of Latin, and still remains as 
 such. 
 
 Jolni Clark, a native of Norfolk, England, was 
 born November 13th, 1827. lie came with his 
 parents to America in 1834, and located at Gene- 
 see, New York; remained tliere three years, and 
 then removed to Kishwaukee, Illinois, where he 
 resided until 1867, when he came to this city, and 
 has since lived here, with the exception of eight- 
 een nitintlis passed in Florida. While at Kish- 
 waukee he learned the trade of carriage-making 
 and blacksmithing, and has been in that busi- 
 ness nearly all his life. He was married in Illi- 
 nois to Miss Esther Palmer. They are the par- 
 ents of five children: Ella, now the wife of J. W. 
 Crockett, Walter, Frederick, Luther and Charles. 
 
 John W. Clark was born at Minneapolis, .Jan- 
 uary •'Jth, 1861. He is engaged as book-keeper 
 for his father, F. P. Clark, at his saw-mill on the 
 corner of Main street and Fourth Avenue N. E. 
 
 Gilbert Clough is a native of Lyme, New 
 Hampshire; he was born August 26th, 1839, and 
 came to Minneapolis with his parents in 1857. 
 He worked at logging from the time of his arriv- 
 al, and in 1866 went into the business with his 
 brother, U. M. Clough; their cut the first year 
 was one and one-half million feet; it now amounts 
 to about eighteen millions annually. Mr. Clough's 
 wife was Fannie Shereton, whom he married May 
 28th, 1873. They reside on Fifth street near 
 Fourth Avenue S. E. 
 
 Rev. Daniel Cobb, A. M., was born November 
 7th, 1818, in Onondaga county. New York, 
 where his father was a preachei- for forty years. 
 The suliject of this sketch was converted May 
 5tli, 1839; educated in the Onondaga institute, 
 teaching school at different times; entered the 
 ministry in 1843, at the Oneida animal confer- 
 ence. First appointment for one year to El- 
 bridge and Sennet; next to Freetown. Then 
 for two years each at the towns of Owasco, Mor- 
 avia, Asbury, Cortlandsville, Norwich, New 
 York Mills, Utica. "Was transferred to the Min- 
 nesota conference in 1857, and appointed presid- 
 ing elder of the Winona district for two years; 
 from there to the lied Wing district as presiding 
 elder for four years; after that, stationed in Min- 
 neapolis, in what is now the Centenary church; 
 then appointed chaplain for the Sixth Minnesota 
 
 Regiment, remaining in the chaplaincy until the 
 34 
 
 close of the war; was present at the last battle at 
 Fort Blakely, Mobile. On returning home in 
 August, 1865, was mustered out of sei-vice, and 
 the September following, was appointed to the 
 Jackson street Methodist Episcopal church, St. 
 Paul for three years; thence to Rocliester two 
 years; then to the Minneapolis first churcli for 
 one year; at the end of that time, took a super- 
 numary relation and went east on a visit for one 
 year, preaching at the Asligreen Methodist Episco- 
 pal church, Albany, New York, for seven months, 
 and the Wall street church, Auburn, two months. 
 Returning to ilinnesota at the end of the year, 
 was appointed presiding elder for the ^Minneapo- 
 lis district for two years, and presiding elder for 
 St. Paul district for two years; thence to the Cen- 
 tenary church for two years; then appointed pre- 
 siding elder of the Owatonna district for four 
 years; when he came to Minnesota in 1857, as 
 presiding elder of the Winona district, there was 
 twenty-two thousand sipiare miles of territory to 
 look after. Providing himself with a pair of In- 
 dian ponies and a buckboard, drove for four years 
 organizing (piarterly conferences; establishing 
 churches, preacbing,and in one year, preached two 
 hundred and eighty-six sermons, taking wheat 
 for pay, throwing the sacks into his wagon and 
 carrying it to Red Wing to sell. lie has taken 
 charge of forty-nine camp meetings, extending 
 from the Iowa line to Breckenridge; was elected 
 chaplain in the Minnesota legislature for two 
 years. First candidate for governor on tlie pro- 
 hibition ticket in I860. For tliirty-seven years 
 this veteran of Methodism has preached every 
 Sunday excepting the time he was in the army, 
 and one Sabbath out of the desk, on account of 
 sickness. The honorary degree of A. M. was 
 conferred upon him by State University at Ath- 
 ens, Ohio. Married April 22d, 1858, in Red 
 Wing, to Louisa M. Sherman, who was educated 
 at Fort Edwards, New York, and for three 
 years was preceptress in the Ilamline University. 
 They have three children; ^Vlonzo W., Temper- 
 ence Irene, and Ida May. 
 
 H. J. Cobb, a native of Harmony, Somerset 
 county, Maine, was born in 1837. He came to St. 
 Anthony November, 1853, and engaged in lum- 
 bering. In the summer of 1855 he brought the 
 first cattle on a steamer from Rock Island, Il- 
 linois, and has since that time been engaged in the
 
 530 
 
 HISTORY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 cattle trade, with the exception of three or foiu- 
 summers. Mr. Cobb is the pioneer cattle dealer 
 of tliis county. He is now a member of the firm 
 of Smith. Cobb and Brackett, stock dealers. He 
 is also in the grocery business on Fifth Avenue 
 south. In 1857 Jlr. Cobb married Miss ;Mary 
 Jilonel of Harmony. Maine. Their children are. 
 Edward, George and Grade. 
 
 AV. C. Colbrath was born in Adrian. Michigan, 
 in August, 1848. He came here in 1864 and 
 worked for leading druggists of the city until 
 187i!, when he went into business with a partner; 
 after two and one-half years he bought his part^ 
 ner's interest and has carried on the busmess alone 
 since that time. He keeps a fine line of artists" 
 and carriage painter's materials and occupies the 
 floor and basement of his store. Xo. 43 Washing- 
 ton Avenue south. Mr. Colljrath was married in 
 1874 to Lucy C. Kussell. daughter of R. P. Rus- 
 sell, one of the pioneers of this county. 
 
 Emerson Cole, a native of New Hampshire, was 
 born in Milan in 1S3S1. He came to Minneapolis 
 in 1864 and engaged in the milling business, which 
 he has followed to the present time. His wife 
 was Agnes 0"Xeill of St. Paul. He is a member 
 of the firm of Cole and Hammond, manufactiu'ers 
 of lumber. 
 
 Thomas Coleman is a native of Ireland : he 
 was born in 1838. In early childhood lie came 
 with parents to Kingston, Canada ; he removed to 
 Chicago. Illinois, and thence to Galena, where he 
 learned the shoemaker's trade and worked until 
 1848; he then removed to Cincinnati. Ohio, and 
 from there to California, but finally settled in 
 !MinneapoUs in 1863. He worked for different 
 boot and shoe houses here until 1878, when he 
 started in business for himself, and has since 
 been domg a good trade. In 1865 he married 
 ilargaret T. Williams, who has borne him two 
 children. 
 
 D. r. Collins, M. D., was bom in Cork, Ireland, 
 September 19th. 1850. and was educated at St. 
 "\'incenfs Seminary of that city. He came to the 
 United States ui 1866. and lived in Xew York 
 city one year, when he went to London. England, 
 and studied for two years ; he returned to Xew 
 Ymk and went to the Bellevue Hospital Medical 
 College, where lie graduated in 1873 ; during the 
 same year he was elected a member of the New 
 York Medico-legal Society, and in 1875 he was 
 
 appointed one of the physicians connected with 
 the board of public charities and corrections of 
 Xew York city. Dr. Collins removed to Minne- 
 apolis in February. 1879 ; since coming here he 
 has been appointed consulting physician of the 
 orphan asylum, and medical examiner of the 
 Catholic JIutual Insurance Association. He was 
 maiTied in Paris. France. May 16th. 1874. to Miss 
 Frances Brown. They have two cliildren, Mark 
 and Jerome. 
 
 Jesse Collom was lioni at Meadville. Pennsyl- 
 vania, and when a child came to Sauit Paul with 
 his parents. In 1865 he came here and attended 
 school for a time, and in 1870 went in Mr. Mar- 
 shall's store and learned the jeweler's trade, re- 
 maining two years. He then went to Iowa and 
 to California, but returned to this city in 1876, 
 and has since kept a jewelry store at 29 Fourth 
 street south. In 1874 Mr. Collom married Ada 
 Xeedliam. Their children are WiUie and Yeniey. 
 
 X. E. Colstrom, a native of Sweden, was bom 
 May 9th, 1834. He emigrated to America in 
 1869 and located in this city. In 1870 he married 
 Martha Britha. They have fom- children: Annie, 
 Charles, John and Frank. Mr. Colstrom is the 
 inventor and manufacturer of the ilinneapolis 
 slab-press brick machine, also brick moulders and 
 trucks. This machine was perfected in 1876, by 
 Mr. Colstrom. who is the sole proprietor. Twen- 
 tj'-two thousand bricks can be turned out in ten 
 hours, by this machme. His place is 142 Twelfth 
 stieet north. 
 
 J. H. Conkey was born at Plattsburg. Xew 
 York, December 25th, 1820. He came west in 
 1850. and located in Wisconsm. It was he who 
 laid the first iron on the Chicago. Milwaukee and 
 Saint Paul Raih'oad between Milwaukee and 
 Waukesha. In 1859, in company with R. B. 
 Langdon and others, he did the first grading on 
 the Sauit Paul and Pacific Railroad, and after- 
 ward engaged in busmess in Wisconsin until 
 1865. at which time he removed to Faribault, 
 where he remained sLx years. He came to this 
 city in 1872, engaged m business in company with 
 R. B. Langdon at the Union planing mill, and 
 has smce continued in the same. Mr. Conkey 
 was married in 1848 to Martha A. Langdon. She 
 has borne him sL\ children, only three of whom 
 are living: Frank, Robert and Jennie. 
 
 EUas H. Connor was born at Xew Sharon,
 
 BIOOBAPHICAL. 
 
 531 
 
 Maine, August 23d, 1824. He lived in his native 
 town until twenty-one years of age, then spent 
 three years on the Penobscot River. In 1S4S he 
 came to Lakeland, Minnesota, opposite Hudson, 
 "Wisconsin, where he worked one winter, then 
 located at St. Anthony, and has since resided 
 here. lie is a carpenter and mill-wright, and he 
 built the first two-story frame house in the city, 
 for Captain Rollins, in 1849. He purchased lots 
 in 1850 and built his present residence on Second 
 street south-east. He has carried on a large 
 bushiess in contracting, building and drafting; 
 he was in charge of the wood work on both the 
 old and new suspension bridges, and drove the 
 first horse across the old bridge; when the new 
 one was building, Mrs. Connor and her daughter 
 Georgia, then only six years old, walked to the 
 middle of the bridge on a single plank, and re- 
 turned in safety. Mr. Connor built the first 
 bridge across the Saint Croix, at Taylors Falls; 
 he has built a number of large mills in different 
 cities, and has had extensive contracts in carpen- 
 ter work in all parts of the country adjacent to 
 Minneapolis. He married, in 1855, Miss Hannah 
 Rollins, who has borne him three children: Lil- 
 lian, Georgia and Rosa. 
 
 A. S. Converse, a native of Wmdsor, Massa- 
 chusetts, was born .lanuary 4th, 1820. When 
 eighteen years of age he removed to Clienango 
 county, New York, and remained there in the 
 carriage making business until 1854, when he 
 came to Minnesota, and located in Dakota county; 
 but in January 1855, he engaged in wagon and 
 carriage making in Minneapolis, and has since 
 been a resident of this city. His wife was Caro- 
 line Kenyon, whom he married in Clienango 
 county. New York. Their children are: Van- 
 elia, who was the wife of A. D. Frescott, (de- 
 ceased), Rufus and Alvin. They reside at No. 
 725, Washmgton x\verme north. 
 
 H. T. Cook is a native of Canada. At the age 
 of six years he moved with his parents to New 
 York, and remained there until 1851, when he 
 went to Wisconsin, and learned the wagon makers' 
 trade at Oshkosh, after which he removed to 
 lovia; came to this city in 1877, and has been in 
 business here since. His wife was Zayda IIol- 
 sen, of Iowa, whom he married m 1853. She has 
 borne him three children. 
 
 C. II. Cook was born in the state of New York 
 
 in 1846. In 1851 he went with his brother to 
 Wisconsin, then passed some time in Iowa, and 
 came to Minneapolis in the spring of 1880. He 
 was married in 1875 to Frances Becker. They 
 have two children. 
 
 Grove B. Cooley was born at Attica, New 
 York, December 10th, 1827. In 1848 he began 
 the study of law at Canandaigua, and two years 
 later, moved to Wisconsin, where he was a pro- 
 fessor in the Ripon College from 1853 to 1858, 
 teaching the dead languages and the higher 
 branches of mathematics. In the autumn of 1858 
 he removed to Minnesota and located at Mantor- 
 ville. Dodge county, where he was engaged in the 
 practice of law, serving four years as coimty at- 
 terney and eight years judge of probate. He was 
 also a leading memljer of the board of education 
 of ;Mantorville. lie was a member of the state 
 legislature hi 1872 and chairman of the judiciary 
 committee, leaving a good record. He was asso- 
 ciated for two years with Hon. A. J. Edgerton, 
 now United States Senator, in the practice of law 
 at Mantorville, under the firm name of Edgerton 
 and Cooley. For four years he was a partner of 
 Hon. Samuel Lord, now deceased, under the firm 
 name of Cooley and Lord. In 1872, Judge Cooley 
 came to Minneapolis and entered into partnership 
 with Thomas Lowry, whicli continued until the 
 spring of 1874, when he was unanimously elected 
 judge of the municipal court of Minneapolis, 
 which position he has filled to the general satis- 
 faction of the public and continues to hold. In 
 1856 he was made a Master Mason in the Ripon 
 Lodge, Ripon, Wisconsin, and has since been an 
 active member and a diligent ^lasonic student. 
 In 1872, he was Grand Master of Masons in ^Min- 
 nesota. 
 
 George W^. Cooley, civil engineer, office 411 Nic- 
 ollet Avenue. Mr. Cooley is a native of New 
 York city; he was born in the year 1845, and 
 lived with Ms parents until nineteen years of age, 
 when he came West and engaged with the St. 
 Paul and Pacific Railway Company as assistant 
 engineer, and served in their surveys until 1867. 
 It was he who drove the first stake for the St. 
 Paul and Pacific Railway west of the Mississippi. 
 During 1867-"G8-"69 he was engaged in the United 
 (States surveys in Mmnesota and Dakota. He 
 located the junction of the Northern Pacific Rail- 
 way with the Lake Superior and Mississippi, and
 
 532 
 
 HISTOET OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 commenced the construction of the Northern Pa- 
 cific Railway February loth, 1S70, under General 
 Ira Spaiilding. In ISTO Mr. Cuoley resumed busi- 
 ness in ilinneapolis as civil engineer and surveyor, 
 and has conti.uied in the same line to the present 
 time. lie has surveyed about one-third of this 
 city, and has been engaged on many of the rail- 
 roads and public improvements throughout the 
 country. He served one term as county survey- 
 or, was assistant engineer of the falls improve- 
 ment, also of the work on the Minnesota river, 
 and has lately completed the improvement of 
 Hull's Narrows, Lake Minnetonka, having been 
 ai)pointed by the legislature. Mr. Cooley is now 
 chief engineer of the Minneapolis, Lyndale and 
 Lake Calhoun Railway. 
 
 Joseph Coombs was born in the year 1831, in 
 England. He came to America in 1852 and lived 
 four and one-half years in Maine, then came to 
 St. Anthony and took a homestead. For two 
 years he worked in the mines near Lake Supe- 
 rior, and in 1864 returned to Maine, where he 
 was married to Miss Agnes L. Conary. He re- 
 mained there nearly two years, then returned to 
 Minneapolis, and has since been engaged in the 
 coopering business here. ^Ir. Coombs resides at 
 605 Twelfth Avenue south. 
 
 B. Cooper, a native of Pennsylvania, was born 
 in Lancaster county, in 1841. He came to this 
 city in 1857, and for about seven years was en- 
 gaged in carpenter work and farming, with the 
 exception of some time spent south during the 
 war. Mr. Cooper is now engaged in contracting 
 and building. The following are a few of the 
 many buildings erected by him: The residences 
 of Mrs. Byers, W. B. Jackson, J. M. Williams 
 and D. R. Barber. He employs about twenty- 
 five men ; office, corner of Hawthorne Avenue 
 and Twelfth street. In 1869 Mr. Cooper married 
 Addie Bassett. They have two children : Edna 
 and William. 
 
 Charles Coot was born in New York city, Au- 
 gust 30th, 1847. He moved here in October, 
 1875, and worked one year in the car shops of the 
 street railway. In 1876 he went to work for J. 
 T. Elwell, in the spring-bed business, and has 
 charge of the maiuifacturing department. At 
 the age of seventeen Mr. Coot enlisted m the 
 United States navy ; he was on the Ladonia, an 
 iron-side steamer, eight months, tlien was trans- 
 
 ferred to another steamer and remained until the 
 close of the war . He was honoral)ly discharged 
 April, 1865. 
 
 Judge F. R. E. Cornell was born November 
 17th, 1821, at Coventry, Chenango county. New 
 York. At the age of fourteen he began teaching 
 winters, and when possible to do so he attended 
 school at Oxford Academy. In 1840 he entered 
 Union College at Schenectady, and after gradua- 
 ting in 1842 taught several years, in the meantime 
 reading law. He was admitted to the bar in 
 1846, and commenced practice with A. G. Chat- 
 field, the late Judge Chatfield of this state; con- 
 tinued until 1854, when he came to Minneapolis. 
 He was elected to the state senate in New York, 
 has been a member of the city council, of the 
 state legislature several times, and was attorney 
 general six years. In January, 1875, he took his 
 seat as associate judge of the supreme court, and 
 still holds that position. His marriage with Eliza 
 Burgess occmred in 1847. They have had three 
 children; the living are Frank and Carrie. 
 
 Charles Copliu was bom in La Porte comity, 
 Indiana, October 13th, 1849. In 1864 he moved 
 to Richmond, remaining one and one-half years; 
 thence to Chicago for two years and on to Iowa. 
 He located m Minneapolis in 1874, dealing in 
 groceries two years, then went into the meat 
 market with Fortier and Company. Their place of 
 business is known as the "Excelsior Market." 
 Mr. Copliu was married December 13th, 1876. 
 
 T. W. Correns, a native of St. Lawrence coun- 
 ty. New York, was born in 1835. His early life 
 was spent in farming; in 1872 he went to Iowa 
 and remained six years. He came to Mimieap- 
 olis in 1878, since which time he has kept a sa- 
 loon at 525 Washington Aveiuie south. 
 
 Wyman Costigan was born in Penobscot coun- 
 ty, JIaine, December, 1844. He became a resi- 
 dent of Minneapolis in 1869, and was a lumber- 
 man until lie entered into partnership with For- 
 tier and Coplm in 1875. He was married in 1866. 
 
 Andrew Craik was born in Scotland in 1817. 
 When an infant he came with his parents to Can- 
 ada, and at the age of sixteen commenced to 
 learn milling. In 1846 he removed to Tlnee Riv- 
 ers, Canada, and engaged in the manufacture of 
 oat-meal for the Quebec market. In 1861 he re- 
 moved to La Crosse, Wisconsin, and eight years 
 later came to this city; he purchased the Edina
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL. 
 
 533 
 
 mills at Richfield, and lias since conducted them, 
 in company with his brother John. He also has 
 a flour and feed store at 219 First Avenue south. 
 Mr. Craik was the first man to manufacture pearl 
 barley and oat meal in the state of Minnesota. 
 His wife was Miss Elizabeth Broadfoot of Scot- 
 land. She has borne him six children: William, 
 James, John, Andrew, Isabel and Alexander. 
 
 E. A. Cramsie, a native of Pennsylvania, was 
 born at Philadelphia, in 1836. He learned the 
 blacksmith's trade, and in 1866, moved to St. 
 Paul, where he worked at his trade with his 
 father and brother. He enlisted in the Tenth 
 Minnesota Infantry and served until the regi- 
 ment was discharged; on his return from the 
 army , he came to this city and worked for dif- 
 ferent persons until 1875, when he established bu- 
 siness for himself at 111 Main street south-east; 
 he now has a partner and they transact a general 
 blacksmithing business, making a specialty of 
 fine horse-shoeing. Mr. Cramsie married Miss 
 Mary Ahem, of St. Paul, in 1858. They have 
 had seven children. 
 
 M. H. Crittenden, born in Washtenaw county, 
 Michigan, in 1834. In 1855, he moved to 'Winona, 
 Minnesota, engaged in farming until 1863, when 
 he went to Rochester and embarked in mercan- 
 tile business. In 1867, he removed to St. Paul 
 and commenced the manufacture of galvanized 
 iron cornice, roofs, etc. Mr. Seribner, his pres- 
 ent partner became interested with him in 1S72; 
 their office and factory in St. Paul is on the corner 
 of Sibley and east Sixth streets, and in this city 
 at 203 and 205 First Avenue north. Mr. Crit- 
 tenden was married to Miss Murray, in 1855. 
 They are the parents of two children. 
 
 A. J. Creigh has been identified with the city 
 of Minneapolis since 1876; he came here that 
 year as the agent of Emerson, Fisher and Com- 
 pany, carriage manufacturers of Cincinnati, and 
 has since, by square dealing, and strict attention 
 to business, established a good trade which is 
 yearly increasing. The sales for the year 1880, 
 amounted to six hundred buggies; lie also deals 
 largely in horses and harness. 
 
 Richard Crosby, a native of Canada, was born 
 January 23d, 1851. He came with his parents to 
 Le Sueur county, Minnesota, w'lien he was five 
 years of age, and remained on a farm until he was 
 nineteen. Came to Minneapolis in 1874, and has 
 
 worked as mill wright since that time. He has 
 been employed bi tlie Anchor mill since June, 
 1879, occupying the position of head mill-wright. 
 Mr. Crosby was married in 1874; his wife was 
 Eveline A. Campbell, who died in August, 1876, 
 leaving one child, Alice M. 
 
 Captain Judson Kewell Cross was born January 
 16th, 1838, in the town of Philadelphia, Jefferson 
 county. New York. He is the son of Rev. Gor- 
 ham Cross, who was pastor of the Congregational 
 Church at Richville, St. Lawrence county. New 
 York, for forty years. He went to Olierlin College, 
 Ohio, at the age of seventeen and remained until 
 the war broke out, supporting himself by teach- 
 ing during the college vacations, which at that 
 time were in the winter. He was the second one 
 to sign the roll at the great church at Oberlin, 
 April 20th, 1861, when after a stirring speech by 
 Professor Monroe, a hundred college students en- 
 listed in a half hour and became the somewhat 
 famous company C, Seventh Ohio Infantry regi- 
 ment. He was commissioned its first lieutenant 
 April 2fith, 1861 ; he was with his regiment 
 through the several campaigns in West Virginia, 
 under Generals McClellan, Rosencranz and Cox, 
 was severely wounded in the arm and shoul- 
 der, and taken prisoner at the battle of Cross 
 Lanes in West Virginia, August 26th, 1861; being 
 too badly wounded to be sent on to Richmond he 
 was kept in the rebel camp during the battle of 
 Carnifax Ferry, September 10th, where (ieneral 
 Rosencranz first won his fame, and at the ferry 
 the next day, when the two armies, Generals 
 Floyd and Henry A. Wise on the rebel side, 
 fought several liours over them at Clifton, and 
 was finally recaptured by (feneral Rosencranz on 
 the 11th of September. He was taken by slow 
 stages to Cincinnati,where he was skilfully treated 
 by Dr. Muzzy and his arm saved. November 
 25th, 1861, he was promoted to captain of com- 
 pany K, the same regiment, and as soon as able 
 he was detailed as recruiting officer at Cleveland, 
 where he remained until he rejoined his regiment 
 early in 1863, at Dumfries, Virginia, having been 
 married to Clara Steele Norton at Oberlin. Ohio, 
 September 11th, 1862. His wound gave him so 
 much trouble that he resigned February 9th, 1863, 
 and studied law at the Albany law school until 
 June 13th 1863, when he was commissioned first 
 lieutenant in the Fifth regiment V. R. C, and
 
 53 1 
 
 HISTORY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 promoted to captain. Ootober 28th, 1863. by Presi- 
 dent Lincoln, and \\as stationed at Cleveland, St. 
 Louis, and Indianapolis. In December, 1863, he 
 was placed in command of the military post at 
 liladisou. Indiana, remaining imtil April, 1864, 
 when he was made acting assistant adjutant gen- 
 eral of the district of Indiana, and chief of staff 
 of the commanding general of that district. In 
 July following he was ordered to "Washington, D. 
 C, and received the appointment of assistant pro- 
 vost marshal of the dish-let of Washington, and 
 placed on the staff of the military governor. In 
 November he was appointed provost marshal of 
 Georgetown, D. C, and soon after special mus- 
 tering officer, to muster for pay at Annapolis, 
 JIaryland, the eighteen thousand returned pris- 
 oners of war from Andersonville. He resigned 
 his commission and was honorably discharged 
 March 16th, 1865. He finished his law studies at 
 Columbia College, New York city and the Albany 
 law school, graduating in the spring of 1866. lie 
 soon commenced practicing law at Lyons, Iowa, 
 of which city he was elected mayor in 1871. He 
 remained in Lyons nearly ten years as partner of 
 of Hon. A. R. Cotton, who was in congress part 
 of the time. Captain Cross came to ilimieapolis 
 October 15th, 1875, and formed a law partnership 
 with his old friend and classmate. Col. H. G. 
 Hicks, with whom he is still in active practice. 
 He is a member of the Plymouth Congregational 
 Church of this city, and in politics is a republican. 
 He has four children living: Kate Bml, aged six- 
 teen; Morton Murdock, aged fourteen; Nellie 
 Malura, aged eleven, and Clara Amelia, aged 
 three. One, Clevie S., died in infancy. 
 
 Wm. Cross was born in the province of Onta- 
 rio, Canada, June 9tli, 1858. He gi-ew to man- 
 hood tliere and learned the trade of tinsmith ; in 
 1879 he removed to ^Minneapolis, and worked at 
 his trade until April, 1880, when he started in the 
 business with Hans Lindas, the finn now being 
 Cross and Lindas. They deal in stoves and tin- 
 ware, and manufacture copper and sheet-iron 
 utensils. They are located at 829 Washington 
 Avenue south. 
 
 G. N. Culver, a native of Saint Paul, Minne- 
 sota, was born July 11th, 1857. He received his 
 education in the schools of that city and com- 
 pleted a course at the Faribault militaiy school. 
 At the age of sixteen years he began business by 
 
 assisting his father, Geo. Culver, in the manage- 
 ment of the Metropolitan hotel at Saint Paul. 
 In the fall of 1878 he started in the book busi- 
 ness, soliciting for different publications. He 
 continued this until December, 1879, when he 
 established a book store at Stillwater, located on 
 lower Jlain street; and in the winter of 1880 he 
 piu'chased one-half interest in the book store at 
 255 Nicollet Avenue, Minneapolis, firm name of 
 Culver and Merrill. Sir. Culver married Miss 
 Saidee Ten Eyck, in Saint Paul, July 11th, 1879. 
 
 A. A. Cummings was born in Illinois, near 
 Chicago, November 7th, 1855, and made that city 
 his home luitil he grew to manhood. lie learned 
 the painter's trade with WilUam Glasgow at Chi- 
 cago, and worked with other fine workmen until 
 he is now master of the art. In 1S77 he came 
 here and engaged in sign and ornamental paint- 
 ing for Mr. Wagner. In 1879 he formed a part- 
 nership with Mr. J. M. Bailsman, which con- 
 tinued until October, 1880, when Mr. Cummings 
 went into business alone. His present location is 
 at 252 Hennepin Avenue. 
 
 E. W. Cummings, a native of Lycoming, Penn- 
 sylvania, was born in June, 1825. He attended 
 York Academy seven years, and in 1843 came 
 west. He traveled through several states, and 
 finally located at Cottage Grove, ^Minnesota, in 
 1845. There he opened a farm and made some im- 
 provements, but lost it, because of being a minor. 
 In 1847, he came to Saint Paul and worked as 
 clerk for Mr. Jackson in mercantile business. The 
 fall following he came to St. Anthony and 
 made a claim at what is now the junction of the 
 maui line and liranch of the St. Paid, Minneapo- 
 lis and Manitoba railroad, improved it and fol- 
 lowed general farming until 1853, whsn he went 
 into the real estate business, and has been thus 
 occupied until the present time ; his office is at 
 100 Central Avenue. Mr. Cumming"s wife was 
 Martha Estes, of St. Anthony. Their children 
 are Minnie and Louise, both living with their 
 parents at 32o Sixth Avenue south-east. 
 
 R. R. Ciunmins, a native of Delaware county, 
 Pennsylvania, was born May 17th, 1844. He 
 learned the trade of machinist at Philadelphia. 
 August 8th, 1862, he enlisted in the army of the 
 Potomac, and took part in all the battles in which 
 the regiment engaged. lie was mustered out 
 July 23d, 1864, and came to Eden Prairie, Hen-
 
 BIOGBAPHICAL. 
 
 535 
 
 nepin county. He built the steamer " Mary," for 
 Captain Ilalsted, in 187ti, and ran one season as 
 her captain. Dnring the winter fdllowing lie as- 
 sisted in building the " Ilattie," and in the sum- 
 mer of 1877 he ran the " Fresco," on Lake Min- 
 netonka. In 1879 he came here, and worked for 
 C. C. Washburn three months, and since that 
 time has been in the Galaxy mill. May 2d, 1805, 
 he married Georgiana Leigh, who lias borne liim 
 two cliildren : Oscar and Lena. 
 
 T. C. Cunningham was liorn at Bangor, Mainei 
 in 1857. He came to Minnesota in 1859, and lo- 
 cated in Kice county, where he followed milling 
 until coming to this city in 1876. He was in the 
 restaurant business until January, 1880, when he 
 took the Bushnell House, of which he is now pro- 
 prietor. Mr. Cunningham was married January 
 13th, 1880, to Miss Ellen Peters. 
 
 C. C. Curtiss was born August 23d, 1837, in Clin- 
 ton, Oneida county. New York. In 1858 he grad- 
 uated from the normal school at Alliany, and lias 
 since followed the profession of teaching, with 
 the exception of two years that he kept books, in 
 New York city and Rochester. He came to Min- 
 nesota in 1869, liaving previously received tlie de- 
 gree of M.A. from Hamilton College, New York, 
 and settled m Rochester, where he was elected 
 city .superintendent of schools, which position he 
 held one year ; then went to Winona, and re- 
 mained four years, teaching penmanship in the 
 normal school. In 1874 he came to ^Minneapolis, 
 and started " Curtiss' Business College," and 
 started another in St. Paul in 1879. Mr. Curtiss 
 married Maggie Hamilton, who has borne him 
 five children. Those living are : Willie, Harry, 
 and Fred. 
 
 Theodore L. Curtis, deceased, a native of 
 Freeport Maine, was born in 181 H. He came to 
 Minneapolis in 1855, and followed the business 
 of contractor and builder for a time, and after- 
 ward engaged in furniture manufacturing and 
 undertakmg. He married Miss Esther Moore, 
 August 27th, 1846. Six children were born to 
 them : Emma, Susie, Fannie, Theodore, Etta, 
 and Norman. Mr. Curtis died September 11,1 874. 
 
 Theodore F., son of Theodore L. Curtis, was 
 born at Portland, Maine, February 7th, 1855, 
 and came here with his parents, when a babe. 
 In 1878 he opened a restaurant at No. 39, Wash- 
 ington Avenue south, afterward kept the "Bon 
 
 Ton," and in April, 1880, opened the "Fulton 
 Market" restaurant, at 221, First Avenue south, 
 where he is still in business. 
 
 James Cuthbertson, a native of Canada, was 
 born in 1843. He came to Minneapolis in 1866, 
 and worked at pattern making for the ISIinneap- 
 olis Iron Works, and remained with them three 
 years. In 1870 he engaged in business for him- 
 self, and in 1874 the firm of Fender and Cuth- 
 bertson was formed; they manufacture the Stan- 
 dard middlings purifiers, and other mill furnish- 
 ings, at 425, Fourth street south. Their goods 
 are largely used in all the mills of tliis city, also 
 in many other places throughout the country. 
 In 1874 Mr. Cuthliertson married Hannah Bates; 
 two children have been born to them: Harry 
 and Jennie. Mrs. Cuthbertson died February 
 23d, 1880. 
 
 C. II. Daggett, member of the firm of Bid- 
 well and Company, was born at Canton, Massa- 
 chusetts, September 19th, 1847. He came to Min- 
 neapolis in 1867, and worked for M. D. Bidwell 
 until 1873, since which time he has been a mem- 
 ber of the firm. He was married in 1873, to 
 Sarah N. Bidwell, of this city. They have one 
 son; Hubert L., aged three years. 
 
 Alpheus Dale was born in the state of Penn- 
 sylvania, in 1844. At the age of nine years, he 
 removed with his parents to Illinois and remained 
 there until 1863, when he removed to Iowa, 
 and two years later, came to Minneapolis. He 
 worked at carpentery until 1871, then started a 
 hack stable, and continued until 1879, when he 
 added a livery business. His stable is located at 
 220 Second Avenue north, where he has accom- 
 modations for thirty-four horses. Mr. Dale was 
 married February 28tli, 1872, to Louisa Arnold. 
 
 Rudolph Dalluge, a native of Germany, was 
 born November 8th, 1844. In the fall of 1867, 
 he came to America and passed the winter in 
 Milwaukee, Wisconsin, coming to this place the 
 following spring. He learned the trade of black- 
 smith in his native country, and has been engaged 
 in that business in this city. He was married 
 September 13th, 1873, and is the parent of one 
 son and two daughters. He has been a member 
 of the firm of Dalluge and Rapke, general black- 
 smithing, since 1S76. Their shop, which is locat- 
 ed at 106 north First street, is 26x36 feet. They 
 run two fires and employ three men.
 
 536 
 
 HISTORY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY 
 
 Patrick Daly, a native of Ireland, was bom in 
 Tryone coiint>'. April 23d. 1S36. In 1S57, he 
 went to Australia, where he engaged in gold 
 mining; in 1865. he removed to Xew Zealand, 
 and continued mining. In October, 1870, he left 
 that country for America, landed in San Fran- 
 cisco, California, and after a short time, 
 came to ^Minneapolis. Until 1875, he was in the 
 hotel business; since then, has sen'ed on the 
 police force. Married in 1860, to Catharine Fox, 
 a native of Ireland. They have had six children, 
 four of whom are living. 
 
 T. K. Danforth was born in Nashua. New 
 Hampshire, in 1824. He came to Saint Paul, in 
 the fall of 1853, and engaged in the express busi- 
 ness for eleven years; then accepted a position 
 as conductor on the Saint Paul and Pacific rail- 
 road, which he held until 1875, when he went to 
 Champlin, Hennepin county, and engaged in 
 farming until 1878. He then came to this city 
 and opened a livery, sale and boarding stable, 
 which he has since conducted. His location is 
 in the rear of the Brigham house, on Hennepin 
 Avenue, between Fifth and Sixth streets. He 
 was manied August 2d. 1857. to Olive Fogg. 
 They have one child, Hattie, born Kovember 
 26th, 1860. 
 
 S. Ct. Daniels, proprietor of the Bellevue house, 
 corner Washington and Third Avenue north, 
 was born in Saint Albans, "S'ermont, in 1841. 
 He engaged m hotel business in his native town, 
 then in Boston, Massachusetts, four yeare; in the 
 Cit>- hotel. Brattleboro, Vermont, two years; and 
 two years in the Park house. He built the Bel- 
 levue house,' this city, in 1870. It is, in size, 
 30x40 feet, three stories higli. and contains thirty- 
 one rooms. Mr. Daniels is the oldest landlord 
 in the city. 
 
 Frank Dark is the proprietor of the ^larket 
 hotel, located corner of First street and Firet 
 Avenue north. The house has a stable in con- 
 nection, which has room for fifty horses. The 
 proximity of this house to the city market, makes 
 it a favorite with the farmers. C. D. Dark, son 
 of the proprietor, has charge of the office. 
 
 T. H. Darum was bom in Copenhagen, Den- 
 mark, in 1S48. He came to the United States 
 in 1873, and for two vears resided m Illinois and 
 Wisconsin. lie came to Minneapolis, and for 
 five years was traveling for A. Kelly and Com- 
 
 pany, selluig goods. In September, 1880, he 
 opened a saloon on Tenth Avenue south, comer 
 of Second sti'eet. 
 
 John Davin was born in Xorthampton, Mas- 
 sachusetts, in November, 1852. His parents re- 
 moved to Beloit, Wisconsin, when he was a babe, 
 and in 1864 they removed to this city. At the 
 age of thirteen, John commenced life for himself. 
 He first worked on the canal, and then went into 
 the Arctic mill, where he remained for seven 
 years. He then went into the old Washbum mill 
 one year, and came to the Cataract, where he 
 worked as packer one year, and has since re- 
 mained in that mill. He has learned milling 
 thoroughly. 
 
 Professor Charles Davidson was born near 
 Hudson, Ohio. July 29th, 18.52. When he was 
 : three years of age his parents removed to Iowa. 
 He attended a select school at Danville, and af- 
 terward taught in his father's house, on the farm 
 near GrinneU, Iowa. In 1869 he entered the pre- 
 paratory department of the Iowa College, and af- 
 ter six yeare, graduated m the classical course. In 
 1876 he entered the graduate department of Yale 
 College, and in the fall of 1877 returned to Grin- 
 neU, where he was appointed tutor in the Iowa 
 College, which position he occupied four months. 
 He then taught six months in the graded school 
 of GrinneU. In the summer of 1878 he received 
 the Master's degree, and in the faU was chosen 
 professor of languages in Mitchell Seminary. In 
 1879, moved to ^Minneapolis, and founded the 
 "Minneapolis Academy." His wife, whom he 
 married in 1878, was Miss H. A. Noyes. of Inde- 
 pendence, Iowa. She was born October 29th, 
 1852, and giaduated from the Iowa College in 
 1878. She supported herself durmg the entire 
 course by teaching, vacations. 
 
 C. Wright Davison was born in Leeds county, 
 Province of Ontario, February 27th, 1849. At 
 the age of sixteen he graduated from a country 
 winter school, and began teaching, receiving for 
 his services the princely sum of six dollars and 
 fifty cents per month, and board. At twenty-one 
 he went to Nebraska and engaged in carpenter 
 work, then as clerk, and afterward as district 
 agent for the American Insurance Company at 
 Kansas City and St. Louis, Missouri. He then 
 engaged with Richard Edwards on the city direc- 
 tory, and in the winter of 1872 was sent by him
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL. 
 
 537 
 
 to publish the St. Paul directory. In 1873, re- 
 turned with W. M. Campbell, and issued St. Paul, 
 Minneapolis and La Crosse directories. In 1874-5 
 was in tlie printing business. In 1876, was man- 
 ufacturing fine furniture, employing twenty men. 
 Since that time has given his attention to tlie di- 
 rectory and Abbott's map of Minneapolis, enjoy- 
 ing a prosperous business, the result of grit and 
 perseverance. 
 
 R. A. Davison was born in Ohio. He moved 
 to Iowa, and engaged as cashier with Matthews 
 and son, at Rockford. He remained there two 
 years, and when the First National Bank of 
 Cedar Falls was organized, he accepted a posi- 
 tion in it and remained for six years. He then 
 came to Minneapolis and opened the banking 
 business of R. A. Davison and t'ompany, on the 
 east side. Mr. Davison was married to Miss Mary 
 L., daughter of Hon. H. Leavitt, of Waterloo, 
 Iowa. 
 
 E. J. Davenport was born at Middlebury, Ver- 
 mont, May 15th, 1852. He graduated at Middle- 
 bury College in 1871, and came to Minneapolis in 
 the fall of that year. He occupied the position 
 of deputy clerk of the district court until 1874, 
 and for the three years following was clerk of the 
 municipal court. From that time until January, 
 1881, he was engaged in the practice of law ; then 
 entered upon his duties as clerk of the district 
 court, to which office he was elected in the fall of 
 1880. He was maiTied June 15th, 1875, to Miss 
 Jennie H. Taylor, a grand-daugliter of ex-Presi- 
 dent Harrison. They have one child, Levi B., 
 born November 11th, 1876. 
 
 J. H. Davis was born at ^V'arren, Vermont, 
 April 12th, 1838. He grew to manhood on a 
 farm, and came with his parents to this city in 
 1858. He engaged as check clerk with the C. M. 
 and St. P. Railway, and remained in that position 
 until the spring of 1880, since which time he has 
 given his entire attention to his interest in the 
 Meyrs and Davis dray line. He became a member 
 of that linn in 1871. Mr. Davis is an unmarried 
 man, and resides with his mother at 111 Sixth 
 street south. 
 
 W. II. H. Day, of the firm of Smith & Day, 
 was born in Washington county, Maine, November 
 20th, 1840. He came with his father to Minneap- 
 olis in June, 1854, and has resided here since. In 
 March, 1876, he entered into partnership with J. 
 
 R. Smith in the hardware business at 529 Wash- 
 ington Avenue south. lie was married in Aug- 
 ust, 1863, to Nettie K. Hanscomb, of JLaine. 
 They have four children: Addie M., Franklin E., 
 Fannie E. and Frederic II. 
 
 William 11. Davis was born at Philadelphia, 
 Penn.sylvania, May 1st, 1840. He learned the 
 trade of machinist, serving four years with Al- 
 fred Jenks and Son. In 1 866, removed to Canton, 
 Ohio, and for five years was foreman of E. 
 Ball and Company's iron works. He was engaged 
 at his trade in Wheeling, Virginia; returned to 
 Canton, and went to Cleveland, Ohio, until 1876, 
 wlien he came to Minneai)olis and engaged as su- 
 perintendent of tlie Harvester Works, which po- 
 sition he held until October, 1879. He then en- 
 tered into partnership witli IlashowandMaish in 
 the Variety Iron Works. Mr. Davis was married 
 November 24th, 1864. Children: Calvin Hart- 
 ley, born in Philadelphia, and Mabel Ellen, born 
 in Canton, Ohio. 
 
 Ernest Dean, a native of Sweden, was born in 
 1851. He emigrated to America in 1866, located 
 in Hastings, Mirniesota, one winter, then came to 
 Minneapolis. First worked at painting, and in 
 1870 engaged with Greenleaf and Buchanan, deal- 
 ers in boots and shoes. He then passed two years 
 at Brainerd, and on his return to this city en- 
 gaged as salesman with Clementson for six 
 years. Then with C. A. Heffelflnger until the 
 organization of the firm of Liljengren and Dean, 
 furniture manufacturers, in May, 1880. He was 
 was married in 1875 to Ida Peterson. 
 
 Joseph Delorier was born in Dakota Territory, 
 near the Canada line, in 1849. He moved to St. 
 Cloud, Minnesota, in 1864, and to this city four 
 years later. From 1867, he was engaged in sur- 
 veying for seven yeai-s; since then has kept a 
 boarding house at No. 13 Second street north. 
 He married Adelaide Boucher in 1876, who has 
 borne him one child, Wilfred L. 
 
 Z. Demeules was born in lower Canada July 
 23d, 1838. He received liis education at Montreal 
 College and came to Minnesota in 1855, settling 
 at Osseo, where he engaged as clerk in a general 
 store. In 1862 he established business for him- 
 self, and in 1879, removed to Minneapolis and 
 opened his grocery store at 27 First sti-eet south. 
 He has been a notary public m Hennepin coimty 
 for sixteen years. Married Margaret Labresche,
 
 538 
 
 HTSTOBY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 of Micliigan. In 1859. Of the nine children bom 
 to them, eight are livhig. 
 
 W. II. Dennis, architect, was born in Delaware 
 county. >'ew York, in 1845. At the age of fif- 
 teen, he went to New York citj-, began learning 
 the profession of architect, and made that place 
 his home for fifteen years. During this time, he 
 spent t\\o years in Europe, perfecting himself in 
 liis chosen profession. lie had charge of the city- 
 hall building at Cleveland. Ohio, which cost half 
 a million dollare. and was employed on the state 
 capitol of Michigim. He was married in 1S77, 
 and came to Minneapolis the following year. He 
 drew the plans for the residence of R. B. Lang- 
 don and the wholesale stores of T. A. HaiTison, 
 Wyman and Mullin, Ball and Xaylor, the Hen- 
 nepin Avenue Methodist church, and many bther 
 prominent buildings and residences. 
 
 D. Dennison was born in Farmington, Maine, 
 in 1843. In 1866 he removed to New Y'ork city 
 and remained there until 1874, when he came to 
 this city. He was engaged with tlie firm of Bar- 
 nard and Cope, furniture manufactmei'S, until 
 the fall of 1879, when he became one of the part^ 
 ners in the firm of J. II. Iliscock & Co. Mr. 
 Deimison was married in 1872 to Helen Green. 
 
 James E. Dennison was born in Farmington, 
 Maine, in 1842. In 1865 went to Xew Y'ork city 
 and eight years later removed to Little Falls, 
 S'ew Y'ork, where he was employed as foreman 
 in a furniture factory. He then retiu-ned to 
 Maine and came to Minneapolis in February, 
 1880, and engaged in the fiuniture manufactur- 
 ing business as a member of the firm of J. H. 
 Hiscock & Co. In September, 1862, he enlisted 
 in the Eighth Maine and sened thirteen months 
 as member of the band. He then went to Cali- 
 fornia and remained until he went to New Y'ork 
 in I860. 
 
 II. T. Dick, a native of New Y'ork, was boni in 
 1844. He was engaged in the restaurant business 
 in Iowa for several years, and came to this city in 
 1878. where he opened a restaurant on First 
 Avenue south, but not making it pay, he removed 
 to Washington Avenue south, and in December, 
 1880, opened at his present location 405 XicoUet 
 Avenue, where he has accommodations for forty 
 people. He manied Lizzie Ceperley in 1872, and 
 has three children; Maud, Charles and Hattie. 
 
 Seymour Dickinson was born m St. Lawrence 
 
 county, New York, April 5th, 1843. Moved to 
 Wisconsin in 1856, and in 1862, enlisted in the 
 Twenty-fii-st Infantry; re-enlisted in the Third 
 Wisconsin Cavaliy in 1863, and served imtil his 
 discharge in the fall of ls65. In 1873, went into 
 the sewing machine business, and two years later, 
 removed to Owatonna, Minnesota. In 1879, 
 came to Minneapolis and has had charge of the of- 
 fice of the American Sewing ^lacliine since. He 
 was married in 1860 to Matilda Eickel, by whom 
 he had two children: Elsie and Yiola. His first 
 wife ilied in 1873, and he maixied in 1875. Fanny 
 L. Peet. Their children are. Agnes. Ida. and 
 Warren. 
 
 Fred. W. DiUingham was bom in Oxford coun- 
 ty, Maine, August 11th, 1851. In early youth he 
 came with his parents to Miiuieapolis where he 
 was educated at the common schools and State 
 University. He worked for his father, one of the 
 pioneere of this county, mitil 1876. when he en- 
 gaged as salesman with the North Star Boot and 
 Shoe Company, in which position he still con- 
 tinues. 
 
 Charles B. Dixon was bom at Janes\Tlle, Wis- 
 consin. July 27th. 1856. While young, his pa- 
 rents moved to New Y'ork, and he grew to man- 
 hood in that state, learning the milling business 
 at Lockport. Came to ilinueapohs in Jidy. 1879, 
 and worked at the Standard mill. He was mar- 
 ried January 28th, 1878, at Lockport, New Y'ork, 
 to Miss Helen Eager. 
 
 J. S. Dodge, a native of New Y'ork, was bom in 
 Oswego county, ilarch 18th, 1853. He learned 
 milling in his native town, Pulaski. Came to 
 this city in 1870, and engaged as head stone-dresser 
 at the Washlnirn B mill. Two years later he 
 removed to Elkader, Iowa, and had charge of the 
 Elkader mills. He returned to Minneapolis in 
 1874 and has since been with the Washburn mills. 
 Since January, 1880. he has had charge of the 
 Hungarian department ui the C mUl. Married 
 Ida Sherman of Iowa, September 18th, 1876. 
 
 A. M. Dole was born in Waterbiu-y. Vermont, 
 March 1st, 1814. At the age of fifteen he went to 
 Ottawa, Canada, and was with Hamilton Brothers 
 in the lumber business. Then engaged in mer- 
 chandise and lumber business at Pembrook, On- 
 tario, mider firm name of Cameron and Co. In 
 1855 he came west on a prospecting tour and after 
 seeing Minneapolis, determined to make that
 
 BIOGBAPHICAL. 
 
 539 
 
 place his home at some future time. He started 
 a luml)er mill at Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin, and 
 continued there until 1862, when he sold his in- 
 terest to his partner and managed his business in 
 Canada mitil 1872, when he came to this place. 
 In 1878, he became interested in the Star Oil 
 Company, of which he is the manager. Married 
 in 1857, Miss S. M. Stiles of Fort Covington, New 
 York. They have had two children, Fannie J. 
 and George. Fannie died in 186S and George is 
 with his father in the Star Oil Company. 
 
 James Albert Dodge, professor of chemistry 
 in the University of Minnesota, was born at Sa- 
 lem, ISIassachusetts, March 27th, 1848. He grad- 
 uated at the Salem high school in 1863, entered 
 the classical course at Harvard University in 
 1865, and graduated in 1869. He next taught 
 school one year in Newport, Rhode Island, thence 
 returned to Salem and taught in the high school 
 three years, paying close attention to the science 
 of chemistry. In 1873, he went to Europe, pur- 
 suing the study of chemisti-y at the Universities 
 of Heidelberg and Berlin, in Germany. He went 
 from Germany to Mancliester, England, and 
 studied with Professor H. E. Roscoe, the famous 
 chemist. In 1875, he returned home and taught 
 in the Omaha, Nebraska high school, making a 
 specialty of teaching cliemistry. In the fall of 
 1876, he returned to Europe to complete his 
 studies at Leipsic and Heidelberg, receiving fi'om 
 the latter tlie degree of Ph. I), in tlie spring of 
 1878. Returning home he took a position as pro- 
 fessor of natural science in Baldwin college at 
 Berea, Ohio. In the fall of 1880, he accepted 
 the offer of professor of chemistry in the Uni- 
 versity of Minnesota. 
 
 John W. Doell was born in Saxony, German 
 Empire, August 28th, 1851. After attending col- 
 lege at Eisenach four years, he came to America 
 in 1867, and was engaged for several years as a 
 type-setter m Philadelphia and Pittsburgh. In 
 1872. he came to Addisou, Illinois, where he com- 
 pleted his studies in English at tlie Seminary 
 whence he graduated in 1874. Coming to ilin- 
 neapolis, he was engaged in teaching Trinity 
 Parochial school, continuing until November 1st, 
 1880, when he resigned. 
 
 W. A. Dolliver was born at Kenduskeag. Maine, 
 October 2d, 1844. lie received liis education in 
 his native town and remained there until the age 
 
 of twenty-one, when he went to Bangor, Maine, 
 and began in liusiness as an insurance agent. 
 He remained at Bangor until coming to Minne- 
 apolis in 1874, and has since resided here. He 
 still continues in insurance and now conducts 
 what is known as Dollivers' Insurance Exchange, 
 representing six of the leading companies. He 
 was united in maiTiage, November 15th, 1870, to 
 Miss Ella Simonton, of Maine. They are parents 
 of one son, aged one year. 
 
 Edward Donlin was born in November, 1824, 
 and is a native of Ireland. He came to America, 
 in 1839, and was one of the first settlers in Minne- 
 sota, locating in Washiugton Lake township, 
 Sibley county; he had the honor of naming the 
 township. In 1865 he came to Minneapolis, and 
 was employed by others seven years, then com- 
 menced business for himself, and is now proprie- 
 tor of the North-west«rn Marble Works. He 
 was married in 1849 to Miss Jane S. Bunnell, of 
 New York city. They are parents of six children. 
 
 M. Donnelly was born in Lewis county. New 
 York, January 31st, 1837. He learned the shoe- 
 maker's trade at Booneville, Oneida county. He 
 first started in the pursuit of his trade in his na- 
 tive county. He came to Minneapolis in 1872, 
 and started in the boot and shoe business in Feb- 
 ruary of the next year, at his present location, 
 312 Washington Avenue north. He employs 
 nine men who are constantly at work in the man- 
 ufacture of all kinds of boots and shoes to order. 
 He married Helen E. Ilintou, of Lewis county, 
 New York, in 1859. 
 
 J. W. Doran was born in 1850 in Indiana. He 
 moved, in early life, with his parents to Ohio. 
 He lived there five years, then went to James- 
 town, Blue Earth count)', Minnesota, in May, 
 1857. He resided there until coming to Minneap- 
 olis in 1872. He learned the trade of cooper in 
 this city, and jomed the association in 1876. He 
 was married in 1879 to Miss M. C. Graham. Res- 
 idence, 918 Chicago Avenue. 
 
 J. II. Doruer was born at Adrian, Michigan, in 
 1852. He went to Chicago in 1870, and learned 
 the art of making confectionery witliMr. Eckardt, 
 the famous Chicago caterer. He remained there 
 until 1880 when he came to Mimieapolis. Ilehas 
 now one of the finest establishments of the kind 
 in this city. His wife was Pauline Kelly, of Chi 
 cago.
 
 .540 
 
 HISTORY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 C. J). Dorr was born at East Great Works, now 
 knovTO as Bradley. Maine, in 1824. He followed 
 lumbering tlirough early life and in 1847 came to 
 St. Anthony. In ls49 lie built a frame house, 
 then in company with a few men went to Swan 
 river and met '-nole-in-the-Day." an Indian 
 chief at Little Rock, and aranged with him for 
 getting out timber, for which they were to pay 
 five dollars per tree. They cut about one hun- 
 dred sticks— which was the first timber gotten out. 
 Mr. Dorr continued in lumbering until he became 
 connected with the ilississippi and Rum River 
 Boom Company. For ten years he was employed 
 in looking up and locating government, state and 
 school lands. He served as alderman of St. An- 
 thony one term. In 1866 he took the position of 
 boom master and yet serves in that capacity. He 
 married Celestia A. Ricker of Maine, March 4th, 
 1849. 
 
 Daniel Douglass is a native of England. He 
 came to Minneapolis in ISTl, and was in the em- 
 ploy of Walker Brothers five years, being foreman 
 three years. After leaving their employ he en- 
 gaged in business for himself and is now a mem- 
 ber of the prosperous firm of Douglass and Hall, 
 machinists and mill funiishei's. He was married 
 at Bury. England, August, 1866, to Elizabeth 
 Holt. Mary E., Sarah A., and Annie are their 
 living children. Residence on Cedar Lake road. 
 
 James Dougherty was bom at Baltimore, Mary- 
 land. August. 1855. He came to Minneapolis in 
 1862 with his parents. He commenced working 
 in the Pillsbury mill in 1871 at the foot of the 
 ladder and has advanced step by step until he has 
 reached the position he holds at present, that of 
 stone dresser. He has been stone dresser and 
 gilnder for six years past. By his strict attention 
 and industry gives entire satisfaction to his em- 
 ployers. 
 
 Hezekiah B. Dow is a native of New Hamp- 
 shire, bom December 30th, 1826. He lived with 
 his parents on a farm until twelve years of age, 
 when they moved toGilmanton.Xew Hampshire, 
 and four years later to Yershire, ^'ermont. At 
 the age of seventeen he went to Lowell, Massa- 
 chusetts, and served an apprenticeship as mason 
 and plasterer. He heard of the falls of St. Aji- 
 thony and resolved to see them, so in 1850 he 
 started west. At the time he arrived at St. An- 
 thony there were but few families here, but his 
 
 ■ trade j'ielded him four and five dollars per day, 
 which soon enabled him to purchase a home on 
 the banks of the Mississippi and send for his wife, 
 whom he had left in !Maine. They lived on the 
 east side thirteen years. In 1864 he removed to 
 Minneapolis and bought property of Mr. Biekford, 
 where he now resides, at 4(11 Fourth street north. 
 He was married to Miss Eliza Goodrich of Bart- 
 lett, New Hampshire, in 18-55. Their only sur- 
 viving child is Horton L., who is station agent at 
 Osakis. Minnesota, for the St. Paul, Minneapolis 
 and Manitoba Raihoad. 
 
 Professor John F. Downey was bom at Hirams- 
 burg, Ohio, January inth, 1846. When he was 
 eleven years old his parents removed to ^Michigan. 
 He attended school at Three Elvers, and Colon 
 Seminary, staying at the latter place two years. 
 Thence he went to Hillsdale College, Michigan, 
 entered the freshman class in the spring of 1867 
 and graduated in 1870, after which he took the 
 place of Professor Collier, professor of natural 
 sciences, for a year, and then was principal of the 
 school at CassopoUs. Michigan. At the expiration 
 of that time he took a post-graduate course in the 
 higher mathematics, astronomy and civil engi- 
 neering at the University of Michigan. For sev- 
 eral years after completing his post-graduate 
 course he was professor of mathematics and as- 
 tronomy at Ann Arbor. In the fall of 1880 he 
 received an offer and accept€d the same posi- 
 tion at the University of Minnesota. He was 
 married, December, 1875, to Miss Stella Osborne, 
 of CassopoUs, Michigan, by whom he has one 
 child, Harold D. 
 
 J. O. Drange, a native of Norway, was born in 
 1830. He came to the United States in 1861. and 
 resided in Racine, Wisconsin, eight years, en- 
 gaged in blacksmithing. He then went to Otter 
 Tail county. Minnesota, on a farm, remaining 
 three years : thence to Minneapolis, where he 
 worked at blacksmithing luitil 1879, when he 
 opened a clothing store, located at 309 Washuig- 
 ton Avenue south. His wife was Jeiniie Ileeu, 
 whom he married in 1876. 
 
 William Dressier was born in (Germany, July 
 24th, 1831. He came to the United States in 
 1852, and passed the time in prospecting in vari- 
 ous parts of the country until 1856, when he came 
 to ^Minneapolis. He removed to St. Paul and 
 lived four years; thence to Osseo, Minnesota, in
 
 BIOGBAPHICAL. 
 
 o41 
 
 1862, and remained until 1864. He then went to 
 Watertown, Minnesota, and engaged in tlie grist 
 and saw-mill business until 1870, when he re- 
 turned to Minneapolis, and has since been in a 
 sale and boarding stable. He was married in 
 1859, to Doretlia Ruter, of Germany. They have 
 seven children : Matilda, Amelia, Martin, Anna, 
 Fred, Albert, and Otto. 
 
 D. DriscoU, born in 1840, is a native of Ireland. 
 At sixteen years of age he learned carriage-mak- 
 ing, serving an apprenticesldp of Ave years, also 
 paying a premium of fifty dollars. He has been 
 in the business continually ever since. He came 
 to America in 1862, locating at Waupun, Wiscon- 
 sin. In 1871 he removed to Minneapolis, and 
 worked at his trade until 187.5, when he estab- 
 lished business for himself . In 1879 the firm of 
 Driscoll and Forsyth was formed. He married 
 Miss Margaret Ryan, in 1866. They have five 
 daughters and two sons. 
 
 C. H. Dubois was born March 24th, 1847, at 
 High Falls, New York. The son of a farmer in 
 poor circumstances, he worked his way through 
 the Albany Normal school. After serving for 
 three years as principal of a large public school, 
 he spent a year at Cornell University. Next he 
 attended the law department of Michigan Uni- 
 versity, from which he graduated. After resid- 
 ing a year in Galveston, and another in Washing- 
 ton, he purchased the Herald at Grand Haven, 
 Michigan, and two years later, the Saturday Eve- 
 ning Post at Grand Rapids. Noting tlie rapid 
 growth of Minneapolis, in wealth and population, 
 Mr. Dubois concluded that here was a much 
 larger field than in Michigan. On the 26th day 
 of July, 1879, he started the Saturday Evening 
 Spectator, which is now a well established weekly 
 newspaper. 
 
 William Duhnke is a native of Prussia. He 
 came to America in 1854; resided at Chicago one 
 year; thence to Milwaukee remaining two years. 
 He next made Indiana his home where he re- 
 mained seven years, dealing in general merchan- 
 dise, also kept the Tell City post-office. In 1866, 
 he came to Minneapolis, and after being a dealer 
 in crockery one year, opened the Mozart hall of 
 which he is proprietor. He married Augusta 
 Guhr in 1857. Siie died in 1871, leaving two 
 children; William and Amelia. Mr. Duhnlce 
 
 married again, Annie Guhr, who bore him two 
 children; Reinhold and Laura. 
 
 C. II. Dunham was born at Plainville. Connec- 
 ticut, June 26th, 1852. He moved with his par- 
 ents to Faribault, Minnesota, when a child; vvhile 
 there learned milling and worked in mills 
 until he came to Minneapolis, which was in Au- 
 gust, 1880. On his arrival in this city, he entered 
 the Union mill as miller. 
 
 L. A. Dunn was born at Lancaster, Ohio, Au- 
 gust 19th, 1850. He came to Minneapolis in 1869 
 and received his education at the University of 
 Minnesota, and after graduating read law with 
 Beebe and Shaw, and with Lochren, McNair 
 and Gilfillan, and was admitted to practice. He 
 was appointed clerk of the mimicipal court by 
 Judge Cooley in 1877 for one year. He was suc- 
 ceeded by Mr. Wilson, who died in 1879, and 
 Mr. Dunn served the remainder of his term. The 
 spring of 1880, he was appointed for one year. 
 His marriage occurred in 1876. He is the parent 
 of one son; William. 
 
 Thomas Dium is a native of Ireland, born in 
 1647. He came to the Ignited States in 1857, his 
 father having preceded him. He learned milUng 
 with the Pillsbinys, was with them six years, 
 and is now in the Anchor mill. Ten years pre- 
 vious to his coming liere he was engaged in cot- 
 ton mills. He married Miss Mary McCarthy, 
 September 19th, 1870. Their children are: Will- 
 iam J., Thomas M.. Juliet, Ellen and Grace. 
 
 R. P. Dunningtou was born in Morgan county, 
 Ohio, in 1885. He located at St. Anthony in 
 1856, and assisted in building Bassett's saw-mill 
 on Bassetfs Creek; also assisted in putting hi the 
 machinery at the North Star Woolen Mills and 
 the Cataract mill. He continued as a mill-wright 
 until 1873, when he took the Pettit & Robinson 
 saw'-mill to operate. In 1878 he opened a liquor 
 store and billiard hall. He married Ella Rowe 
 in 1867. She died in 1870, leaving one child, 
 Parris M. 
 
 J. A. Dunsmoor, deceased, was born in Lunen- 
 burgli, Worcester county, Massachusetts, Decem- 
 ber 18th, 1808. He located first at Farmiugton, 
 Maine, and was elected from that district to the leg- 
 islature. He also held many responsible offices 
 in that locality, some of which were : postmaster, 
 county treasurer, superintendent of school boards, 
 etc. He removed to St. Anthony in 1851, and tlie
 
 542 
 
 HISTOBT OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 next year bought land in the present town of 
 Eichfleld, Hennepin county. A portion of tliis 
 land lie donated to the Hichlield Mills Company. 
 l)eing where the mills now stand. Another por- 
 tion he donated for the school building. He was 
 a man of unusual enterprise, and ranked among 
 the most prominent men in his town and county. 
 Among the otlices of trust which he held were : 
 assessor, postmaster, and justice of the peace. In 
 1873 he removed with his family to Los Angeles, 
 California, at which place his busy and well spent 
 life ended, December 2Sd, 1873. The remainder' 
 of the family still reside there, except one son, 
 Frederick A., who is a resident physician of Mui- 
 neapolis. ilr. Dunsmoor was married June 
 4th, 1837, to Almira Mosher, of Temple, Maine. 
 Their children are : James F., Irving A., Albert 
 v., Charles H., Frederick A., and John M. 
 
 F. A. Dunsmoor has been a life long resident 
 of Hennepin county, having been born at Hich- 
 lield, May 28th, 1853. He received his education 
 at the public schools and State University, of 
 Minneapolis. He tirst studied medicine with Drs. 
 Goodrich and Kimball, of this city, and gradu- 
 ated from the^Bellevue Hospital ^Medical College, 
 of Xew York, in 1875. He after\\ards received 
 private instructions ui surgery, diseases of the 
 chest, pathology and chemistry, from Professors 
 Hamilton, Flint, Janeway. and Doremus. He 
 was associated for a time with H. H. Kimball in 
 practice, and as a surgeon for the jMilwaukee and 
 St. Paul Railroad. He is a memlier of the State 
 iledical Association, and is professor of surgery 
 hi the medical department of Hamline Universi- 
 ty. He was married in 1876, to Bessie Turner, 
 daughter of the late Dr. Turner, of the United 
 States army. 
 
 W. Droll was liorn in 1846, at Bavaria. He 
 came to America in 1868 and to Minne- 
 apolis in 1873, and has since been engaged in 
 the manufacture of Ijarrels, tulis, hogsheads, 
 kegs, etc. He was married in 1878. Ilesidence 
 828 ilain street north-east. 
 
 E. W. Dyer was bora at Addison, Washington 
 comity, Maine, in 1836. He engaged in farming 
 and'boat building, and in 186-lcame[to Corcoran. 
 Hennepin county, Minnesota, then went to Pike's 
 Peak for two years and returned to Corcoran in 
 1859. In 1862 he removed to Rockford, Wright 
 county, and for two years was a carriage maker, 
 
 then worked a farm until coming to Minneapolis 
 in 1875, and has since been proprietor of the Wil- 
 lier House. November, 1879. he took the Clark 
 House and ran it one year, then returned to the 
 Wilber House. He married Aimie Astrope, of 
 Canada, in 1863. Their children are. Abbie F. 
 and Harris II. 
 
 CHAPTER LXXVIII. 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL, E, F AND G. 
 
 E. W. Eddy, a native of Brunswick, New York, 
 was born June 28th, 1826. He went to Albany 
 and remained two years, then removed to St. Paul 
 and remained in the livery business there until 
 1861, when he came here and in 1864 sold out; 
 then he passed three years lumbering, and in 1867 
 returned to the livery business. He built the 
 stable he now occupies in 1878; it is located on 
 Third street between Nicollet and First Avenue 
 south. Air. Eddy married Julia Groff in 1849; 
 she died in 1869, leaving two children, Melford 
 and Carrie: he was married the second time in 
 1872, to AnnaWalch. 
 
 A. H. Edsten, a native of Sweden, was born in 
 1837. He emigrated to America in 1864, and lo- 
 cated at Chicago, where he was first engaged as 
 cabinet-maker, and afterward was employed on 
 the wood-work in car-shops; he remained there 
 about two and one-half years, and came to Min- 
 neapolis Mny 5th, 1867. He worked in car-shops 
 until he estiibhshed himself in the furniture bus- 
 iness in 1871. 
 
 P. F. Eichelzer was bom near Heidelberg, Ger- 
 many, October 7th, 1850. When two years of age 
 he came with his parents to America and settled 
 in New Orleans: removed to La Fayette. Indiana, 
 in 1855, and in 1872 he came to this city, and en- 
 tered his present business as hatter and furrier, 
 with J. S. Sneddy for partner. Mv. Eichelzer 
 had nine years experience in this business while at 
 La Fayette. He married Louise B. Gregory, 
 September 1st, 1874. They have one child, Hat- 
 tie G.
 
 BIOGBAPHICAL. 
 
 543 
 
 Wyman Eliott was bom in Penobscot county, 
 Maine, May 19th, 1834. He came to Minneapo- 
 lis in 1854, and has been closely identified with 
 the growth and prosperity of the city; he has had 
 the advantage of witnessing its advancement 
 in every direction, and has tlius become well ac- 
 quainted with its history and early settlers. He 
 passed his first year in Minnesota on a claim near 
 Monticello; he is one of the pioneer farmers and 
 market-gardeners of this county. He has a 
 pleasant home at the corner of Tenth street and 
 Ninth Avenue south. Mr. Eliott was married 
 November 25th, 1868, to Maiy Ella Chase, of 
 this city. They have two children, Sarah and 
 Jenella. 
 
 Charles J. Elliot, a native of Canada, was born 
 December 2oth, 1848. He came to this city in 
 the smumer of 1871 and worked at his trade of 
 miller until 1872, when he commenced in busi- 
 ness and continues very suc«essfidly, as dealer in 
 fruits, confectionery, oysters, ice cream, etc., at 
 727 Wasliington Avenue south. Mr. Elliot mar- 
 ried ill 1875, Dora Tool of Minneapolis. 
 
 D. Elliot was bom December, 1828, in Penob- 
 scot county, Maine. In 1852 he went to Califor- 
 nia and was interested in mining until the winter 
 of 1854, when he retumed to Maine, and the fol- 
 lowing spring came here and pre-empted a farm 
 of 160 acres where his present residence is, 1415 
 Sixth Avenue south ; for five or six years he was 
 engaged in gardening. In May, 1862 he went to 
 Montana but returned in 1S64 and for a time car- 
 ried on a grocery business. Mr. Elliofs wife was 
 Marietta Smyth, of Maine. Tliey have one child, 
 Etta. 
 
 B. R. Ellis, born October 19th, 1835, at Nan- 
 tucket, Massachusetts. In early life he went to 
 northern New York, and at the age of seventeen 
 commenced to learn carpentering. In 1862 he re- 
 moved to Iowa and remained six years, then re- 
 timied to New York. After a residence of four 
 years there and one year in Canada he went to 
 Cedar Rapids, Iowa. In the spring of 1874 he 
 came to Minneapolis and has since been engaged 
 in business here ; the firm at present is Ellis and 
 Huff, carpenters, builders and jobbers, 305 Second 
 Avenue south. Mr. Ellis was married October 
 19th, 18.54, to Miss Spears, who died in 1862, leav- 
 ing two children; his second wife was Mary 
 Mead, who has borne him two daughters. 
 
 James T. Elwell was bom July 2d, 1855, at St. 
 Anthony, Minnesota. He moved with his pa- 
 rents to Granite City and thence to St. Cloud, 
 where he remained until 1864, then removed to 
 Cottage Grove ; In 1874 he came here and estab- 
 lished the business of manufacturuig spruig beds. 
 Mr. Elwell is a young man of energy and perse- 
 verance, and is meeting with deserved success ; a 
 description of his business will be found in this 
 work among the manufactures of the city. 
 
 Setli Emerson was born at Deer Isle, Maine, 
 in 1834. Twenty-three years of his life were 
 passed on the sea; he commenced before the mast 
 and worked his way iip to Captain. In 1870, he 
 came to Minnesota and located at Wells, re- 
 mained only two years, then came to Minneapolis 
 and engaged in carpenter work. He is now a 
 member of the firm of Galpm and Emerson, 
 carpenters, builders and jobbers; they employ 
 eif^hteen men, and their principal business has 
 been building residences. Mr. Emerson was mar- 
 ried in 1864 to Miss Whitney. Their residence is 
 923 Twenty-flrst Avenue south. They have had 
 five children, only two of whom are living. 
 
 George W. Emery, M. D. was born at Toronto, 
 Canada, J\hiy 21st, 1841. He received bis edu- 
 cation in the schools of that city; Knox college 
 and Jilodel school. He studied medicine at the 
 University of Tronto, at ]5ellevue hospital medi- 
 cal college, and in 1865, graduated from the 
 Berkshire medical college of Pittsfleld, Massachu- 
 setts. He practiced in Illinois eight years, and 
 four years in Wisconsin. In May, 1877, became to 
 Mimieapolis and has since followed his profession 
 here. He is physician to the Bethany Home, and 
 is medical examiner for the New England AIu- 
 tual. New York Life and Ilartfortl Continental 
 Insm-ance companies. Dr. Emery was married 
 in 1861 to Miss Hall, of Philadelphia, who died 
 in 1862; in 1864, he married Matilda Fairfield, of 
 Toronto, Canada. They have one child. Bertha. 
 Dr. Emery is a member of the Peoria county, 
 Illinois, medical society, and of the Minnesota 
 state medical society. 
 
 N. H. Emmans, a native of Sussex county, 
 New Jersey, was bom Jainiary 19th, 1854. He 
 gi-ew to manhood with his parents on a farm and 
 attended the public schools at home, also Starkey 
 Seminary, at Eddytown, New York. He came 
 to this city in 1875, and two years later entered
 
 544 
 
 RISTOBY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 the Boston one price clothing store, where by en- 
 ergy and strict attention to business, he has gained 
 the entire confidence of his employers, and now 
 has charge of the merchant tailoring department. 
 
 August Ende was bom in Germany, in 1829, 
 and emigrated to America in 1847. He lived at 
 Baltimore. Maryland, the first year then removed 
 to St. Louis, Missouri; thence to Freeport, Illi- 
 nois, where for two years he was in the hotel 
 business. In 1855, he came to St. Anthony and 
 continued the same business until 1863: he then 
 moved to this side of the river, bought and en- 
 larged the Farmer's hotel, and has since kept the 
 house. He married Miss Amelia Rev, at St. 
 Louis in 1853. They have nme children, Louisa, 
 Edward, Bertha, Charles, Adolph, Amelia, Emma 
 Anna and Julius, 
 
 C. O. Euglested was bom in Norway, in 1851. 
 In 1868 he came to the United States, and passed 
 two years in farming, at Rushford, Miimesota; 
 he came here in 1872, and for four years worked 
 about the lumber mills : in 1S7<) he started in the 
 saloon business at 117, "Washington Avenue 
 south, and in April, 1880, moved to Xo. 1201. 
 He was married in 1878, to Laura Egstrom. who 
 has borne him one child: Harry .J. 
 
 Henry Enger, a native of Xorway, was born 
 Februarj' 19th, 1847. He emigrated to America 
 in 1869, and located in Wisconsin, where for 
 tliree years he was in the saloon business; in 
 187.'? he came to Minneapolis, passed eighteen 
 months in a hotel, and three yeare in the Xorth 
 Star Laundr}'. Since that time he has been in 
 the restaurant business. He married ^liss Lena 
 Olsen in 1876, They have one child: Mar>', 
 
 Samuel Erb was bom in Canada. January 26th, 
 1852. He came to MinneapoUs in 1870. and the 
 year following went to work at the Goodnow 
 and Ilawly lumber mill, where he had charge of 
 the scaling department two years; since 1873 he 
 has had the management of the mill. Mr. Erb"s 
 wife was Catherine Hoben; they were married 
 June 30th, 1874, and reside at 112 Fourth Ave- 
 nue north. Their children are Mary, who died 
 at the age of one and one-half years. William 
 and Samuel, 
 
 T, J. Essene was born in Sweden. February 
 26th, 1853, He came to ^Vmerica in 1863, and 
 lived in Chicago until 1866, when he removed to 
 this citj-; he was employed by Thompson and 
 
 Wiggin until 1870, when he went into the meat 
 business, and since 1877 has kept a market in 
 partnerehip \\'ith Mr, Hopper, Mr, Essene's 
 wife was Annie Mersen, of Milwaukee, Wiscon- 
 sin: she has borne him two children, only one is 
 living, a girl bom m 1880. 
 
 J. M. Eustis was born in Oxford coimty, Maine, 
 December loth, 1827. In 1857 he removed to 
 MimieapoUs, and with his ot\ti hands cleared 
 away the hazel brush and threw up the first dirt 
 for the Xicollet House, which was completed, 
 fiu'nished and opened May 1858; during the hard 
 times of 1857. he was advised by some of the 
 leading men here, to abandon the enterprise, 
 but with his pluck and perseverence he carried it 
 llu-ough to successfid completion, and then dis- 
 posed of his interest to Gilson Brothers. At the 
 commencement of the rebellion he made a con- 
 tract with the Government to feed all the ^linne- 
 sota soldiers for thu-ty-seven cents each \iev day; 
 he also suppUed the army under General Sibley, 
 during the war upon the frontier, after the In- 
 dian massacre. At the same time he was en- 
 gaged in the lumber business with W. E, Jones 
 and Company, for about five years, then built a 
 block on Hennepin Avenue, He, in company 
 with others, selected the site for a fair ground, 
 laid out a track, erected buildhigs and put every- 
 thing in good order for the piupose, ^Ir. Eustis 
 has been a contractor on the Northern Pacific 
 railroad; and was in the employ of the St, Louis 
 railroad company for several years, until in the 
 fall of 1880, he was elected sheriff of Hennepin 
 county for two years, 
 
 O, J, Evans, M. D,, was born in Oneida county, 
 New York, February 5th, 1840, He was educat- 
 ed at the academy of Rome, in his native state, 
 and studied medicine with Dr, Armsby, professor 
 of anatomy at the Albany Medical College : also 
 with I)r, Mrgil, of Rome, New York. After 
 completing the regular courses of lectures 
 at the Albany College, he graduated fi'om 
 that institution in 1862, receiving the degree of 
 M. I). Dr. Evans was comissioned as assistant 
 surgeon of the Fortieth New York Infantry, in 
 1862, and in 1864 was promoted to first surgeon. 
 He was also metlical director of the department 
 of Farmville, Virginia, and was placed on the 
 1 operating board of surgeons, holding both posi- 
 ' tions until the close of the war. He was mus-
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL. 
 
 545 
 
 tered out of service in July, 1865, came to tills 
 city, and has since practiced medicine here, liis 
 office being at 22 Hennepin Avenue. He is pres- 
 ident of the Hennepin County Medical Associa- 
 tion, a member of the State iledical Society, and 
 president of the Minneapolis Board of Health, 
 this being his second term. He also served one 
 term in the City Council. Dr. Evans was married 
 in 1869, to Elizabeth Dodge, v^flio died in .January, 
 1879. She was a daughter of Colonel John 
 Dodge, of Princeton, Illinois. 
 
 John R. Everard, a native of J^iverpool, Eng- 
 land, was born in June, 1828. While there he 
 learned the tailor's trade. In July, 1878, he came 
 to Minneapolis, and locating at 213 Hennepin 
 Avenue, established a merchant tailoring busi- 
 ness, in which he invested a capital of seven 
 thousand dollars. He employs fourteen men in 
 his manufacturing department, wliich is still lo- 
 cated at 213 Hennepin Avenue, but in November, 
 1878, he removed his place of business to 10 
 Washington Avenue south. 
 
 Albert E. Farrington was born at Conway, 
 New Hampshire, in 1816. He came to Minne- 
 sota, 1855, and located at Maple Grove, where he 
 engaged in farming nine years. He exchanged 
 his farm for one in Hassan, Minnesota, and re- 
 moved there at once, where he lived until 1874, 
 when he came to Minneapolis. Since, he has 
 been dealing in real estate, also buying and sell- 
 ing horses. Mr. Farrington is now proprietor of 
 the Fourth Avenue hotel. His sons are engaged 
 in a livery and sale stable. 
 
 G. F. Farrington came from Boston, in 1879, 
 where he had been engaged in the merchant tai- 
 lormg business for some time previous. He lo- 
 cated at 219 Hennepin Avenue, in April of the 
 same year. Here he remained until JMarch, 1880, 
 when he leased his present location, a store room 
 with manufacturing establishment on tliird Hoor, 
 at 239 Nicollet Avenue. Mr. Farrington. though 
 comparatively young, is a very enterprising and 
 'successful business man. 
 
 N. D. Federspil (one of the earliest settlers) 
 
 was born in France, 1824. He came to the 
 
 United States in 1853, and settled first at Port 
 
 Washington, Wisconsin. In 1854 he came to St. 
 
 Anthony and followed the blacksmith's trade 
 
 there until 1856, when he removed to the west 
 
 side of the river, and is now one of the oldest 
 35 
 
 blacksmiths in the business in Minneapolis. Mr. 
 Federspil was married in 1847, to Margaret 
 Weber, of Luxemboiug. Tliey have seven chil- 
 dren living: Catherine, Jean P., John, Mary, Jo- 
 sephine, Annie and Nicholas. 
 
 Robert Feek is a native of England, bom Jan- 
 uary 8th, 1834. He went to Ogdensburg, New 
 York, in 1856, where he remained seven years; 
 thence to Ontario, where he was engaged in the 
 hotel business several years. He established a 
 restaiu'ant in Minneapolis in 1879, where he has 
 since resided. Mr. Feek married iliss Sophia 
 Dove, in 1855, who bore him one son, Robert G. 
 
 J. C. Felch w'as born in Grafton county. New 
 Hampshire, May lOtli, 1842. At the age of 
 eighteen he learned telegraphy, and continued in 
 that business eight years. In the spring of 1869, 
 he was elected to the house of representatives of 
 New Hampshire, for one year. He came to Min- 
 neapoUs in the fall of the same year ; the spring 
 following removed to Fort Abercrombie, Dakota; 
 where he was postmaster three years. He then 
 returned to this city, and in 1875 he engaged with 
 the Pettit mill, and has remained with them since. 
 Mr. Felch married Miss Annie Frott, October, 
 1876. They have one child, Gertie M. 
 
 Frank B. Felt, of the firm of H. G. Harrison 
 & Co., started in the grocery business, in Minne- 
 apolis, in 1868, in the employ of B. S. Bull and 
 Company. He remained with them three jears, and 
 was afterwards with Newell and Harrison, eight 
 years. He entered the firm now known as H. G. 
 Harrison & Co., June 10th, 1880. This firm occu- 
 pies the front rank of grocery houses in the 
 north-west. 
 
 W. J. Fender, of the firm of Fender and Cuth- 
 bertson, was born at Kingston, Ontario, Septt-m- 
 ber 14th, 1839. He came to Minneapolis in 1867, 
 where he worked seven years at pattern making. 
 In 1874 he entered into partnership witli J. Cuth- 
 bertson and built tlie La Croix or French puri- 
 fiers. Mr. Fender is the inventor of the "Stand- 
 ard Purifiers," about three hundred of which are 
 in use in this city. This purifier is in use in all 
 parts of the world where llour is made. It was 
 invented in 1874, and since then several improve- 
 ments have been made. Mr. Fender is also a 
 member of the Jirm of ( iunn, Cross and Co., whose 
 establishment contains all kinds of general mill 
 supplies.
 
 546 
 
 HJSTUIiY OF HE y KEPI X COUyi Y. 
 
 John Ferguson is a native of Scotlanii and was 
 bom in 1 S49. He came to the Tnited States at the 
 age of ten, and learned the trade of mill-«Tight, at 
 Phihidelphia. Pennsylvania. In 1801 he enlisted 
 in company "I," First regiment United States 
 Artilleiy ; he was in service until August, 1865, 
 and participated in all engagements of the com- 
 pany. On his return he removed to Ilanisburg, 
 Pennsylvania, where he remained two years, com- 
 ing to Minneapolis in 1867. lie engaged in car- 
 pentering six years and has since been in the 
 mill-wright business, throughout the nortlnvtst ; 
 he has been in the Crown Roller mill since No- 
 vember, 1S7H. ^Ir. Ferguson was married June 
 21st, 1871, to Miss Isabella Savage ; they are pa- 
 rents of two children, Isabella and John. 
 
 Emil M. Ferrant, son of one of the earliest set- 
 tlers, ilartin Ferrant, was bom in St. Anthony, 
 September 7th, 1854. Here he received his early 
 education, until 1872. when he went to Europe to 
 complete his studies. He returned ui 1878, locat- 
 ing in ilinneapolis, where he still resides and is 
 engaged with the well known firm of Smith and 
 Scribner. 
 
 Charles Ferrier, a native of Scotland, was born 
 December 8th, 1852. His childhood was passed 
 on a farm, but at the age of fourteen he learned 
 the trade of blacksmithing, in which business he 
 continued until 1872, when he emigrated to 
 America. He located at Winona. ^linnesota, 
 where he was in the employ of the Winona and 
 St. Peter railroad two years; he then removed 
 to Wells, Mimiesota, where he was engaged with 
 the Southern Jlinnesota railroad six months ; 
 thence to >«'ebraska and to Mason City, Iowa, 
 where he opened a shop and worked at his 
 trade until coming to this city in the spring of 
 1876. Mr. Ferrier was married to ^liss Lydia 
 Kust, in 1876, who bore him one daughter, Flos- 
 sie F. 
 
 A. H. Fessler was born in Berks county, Penn- 
 sylvania, in 1849. At the age of twelve he com- 
 menced to learn miUing, and has been since the 
 completion of his trade engaged in different mills 
 from the Atlantic to the Pacific coasts. He came 
 to Minneapolis in 1872, where he remained 
 two years, and after visiting various towns in the 
 state, spent two years in Califoinia. returned 
 in 1878, and at once engaged with M'ashburn and 
 Company. He is now head miller of the Wash- 
 
 burn "B." Mr. Fessler married Miss Kate Less- 
 man. July, 1878. They are parents of one child, 
 Gertrude. 
 
 J. W. Field was born May 2d, 1853, in Dexter, 
 Jefferson county, New York. He engaged in 
 the boot and shoe business at Utica. >'ew York, 
 a number of years, when he decided to come 
 West. He removed from that city to Minneap- 
 olis in 1876. where he at once opened an estab- 
 lishment in the same hue of business. He makes 
 a specialty of Burt's men's shoes. ^Ir. Field 
 was married in 1876. to EUa J. Wager, of Oneida. 
 Madison county, New York. 
 
 W. A. Fisher was bom in Illinois in 1847. In 
 1860 he came to Munieapolis and was engaged in 
 farming three years, after which he enlisted in the 
 Eleventh ^linnesota regiment. He remained in 
 service one year, when he returned to this city 
 and attended school. In company with C. H. 
 Cole and E. H. Chittenden. (1876) he built the 
 steamer ••Monticello" and ran the same between 
 this city an St. Cloud forthree years. Mr. Fisher 
 engaged in the restaurant business, in the "Mar- 
 ket Eestaurant," in 1879, furnishing that year 
 fifty-five thousand seven hundred meals. In 1 867 
 he married Miss Mmy Smith. Their children 
 are: Alberty. Ernest, Lizzie and ^Imnie. 
 
 Thomas Fitch, attorney at law, was bom m 
 New- York, 1838. He moved to San Francisco, 
 California, where he read law with Judge Shaffer, 
 and was admitted to the bar in 1864. The same 
 year, in Nevada, he opened his first office, and 
 practiced his profession until the expiration of his 
 term in congress, in 1871. when he was employed 
 by parties in New York to attend to some mining 
 litigation in Salt Lake, after which he was en- 
 gaged by Brigham Young as attorney and counsel. 
 During his stay he was elected as senator from a 
 proposed state, with a constitution providing for 
 the surrender of polygamy. The subject, how- 
 ever, did not receive the attention of congress. 
 Mr. Fitch spent two years in tiaveling through 
 Europe, the South, and California, after which he 
 remained four years in Arizona, engaged in prac- 
 ticing his profession. In 1880 he removed to 
 Minneapolis, and formed a partnership with Mr. 
 Morrison, known as the firm of Morrison and 
 Fitch. He was married in San Francisco in 1863, 
 to Mrs. Annie M. Shultz. 
 
 Rev. Herman l^'leer, pastor of St. John's
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL. 
 
 547 
 
 Church, was born at Westfalen, Germany, May 
 20th, 18.52. Came to America the same year, and 
 settled in Gasconada county, Missouri. Spent 
 Lis boyhood on liis fatlier's farm, until January, 
 1871, when he went to Elmhurst, Illinois, and en- 
 tered the Evangelical Protestant Seminary. Ee- 
 mained there four years, received a certiticate en- 
 titling him to admission into the theological sem- 
 inary at Marthasville, Missouri, entered, and 
 graduated June 21st. 1878. Was ordained in St. 
 Louis on the same day, and appointed to this 
 charge. Also has charge at Osseo, Champlin, 
 and Medicine Lake, which places he visits once in 
 three weeks. 
 
 Samuel Foreman was born in Baltimore, in 
 1840. In early life he moved to Louisville, Ken- 
 tucky, thence to Indiana; he lived in several cities 
 in that state, and in 1874, removed to Minneapo- 
 lis. Mr. Foreman learned his trade, that of a 
 blacksmith at the age of fifteen and has been en- 
 gaged in the same since. He was married in 
 April, 1877 to Miss Irena McKey, who bore him 
 one daugliter, Lillie, who died in 1880. 
 
 John Forler is a native of Canada, and was 
 bom February 22d, 1840. He lived on a farm 
 until nineteen years of age when he learned the 
 tanner's trade. In 18G3, he came to Minneapolis, 
 and in company with Mr. Harvey, engaged in 
 photography ; he sold to his partner after an ex- 
 perience of fourteen months. He removed to his 
 present location in 1876, where he has a large 
 stock of new and second hand furniture. Mr. 
 Forler was married to Miss Mary Stokes in 1874. 
 They have three children. 
 
 W. Forsyth was born at Kingston, Canada, in 
 1842. At the age of fourteen he learned wagon- 
 making; serving an apprenticeship of six years, 
 and has since been continually in the business. 
 In 1864, he went to Toronto, Canada, and the 
 next year removed to Titusville, Pennsylvania. 
 In April, 1872, he removed to St. Paul; thence to 
 Minneapolis in September of the same year. -He 
 worked for various parties in wagon-making until 
 1879, when the firm of Driscoll and Forsyth was 
 formed, .and has since continued. He was married 
 in 1864 to Miss Elizabeth H. Scott. They have 
 one son and three daughters. 
 
 C. J. Fortier was born in Lower Canada, July 
 26th, 1843. He moved to Maine in 18-51, where 
 he remained eleven years, at that time going to 
 
 California, remaining five years. In 1869, he 
 came to Minneapolis and engaged hi lumbering 
 two years, in the grocery business two and one-half 
 years, then opened the meat market m which 
 he still continues his business. His partners are 
 Charles Coplin and Wyman Costigan. Mr. For- 
 tier"s family consists of his wife and live chil- 
 dren. 
 
 A. D. Foster, one of the oldest pioneers, was 
 born near Pittsljurgh, Pennsylvania, August 22d, 
 1801. He lived on a farm until eighteen^years of 
 age, when he acquired a knowledge of the tanner 
 and currier ti'ade. After engaging in the mer- 
 cantile business in Pittsburg, also in Washington 
 county, of that state, he sold his interests and 
 removed to St. Louis, Missouri. In 1848, he, be- 
 ing in frail health, came to St. Anthony, with 
 the hope of being benefited. He came from Chi- 
 cago with a team, and for a time, engaged in 
 teaming, drawing logs fourteen miles, from Coon 
 Creek, to be converted into lumber with which to 
 build the steamer "Gov. Eamsey." He lived 
 one winter in a shanty sixteen feet square, for 
 which he paid nine dollars per month. In 18.50, 
 he erected a store building, and was successful in 
 business until 18.56, when he was burned out. 
 Since then he has lived almost a retired life, de- 
 voting a portion of his time to fruit culture. Al- 
 though seventy-nine years of age, Mr. Foster is 
 an active man and still reads without the use of 
 glasses. He was married in Washington county, 
 Pennsylvania, September 9th, 1824, to Miss Mar- 
 tha Ramsey. They have thi-ee children: Josiah, 
 who resides in Indianapolis; Martha, who resides 
 in Racine, Wisconsin; and Lysander, who is a 
 physician, in this city. 
 
 Andrew J. Foster, one of the early pioneers of 
 this region, was born in Cooper, Washington 
 county. Maine, June 8th, 1827. He moved to St. 
 Anthony, in 1849, and in the spring of 18.50 en- 
 gaged in lumbering, in which he continued two 
 years. He then pre-empted eighty acres of laud 
 on what is uow known as Franklin Avenue. In 
 1857, Mr. Foster retired from the lumbering busi- 
 ness and commenced gardening on his claim, 
 which he continued to do for seventeen years. 
 He next engaged in a general real estate business, 
 building and selling houses, etc. In tne spring 
 of 1880 he opened a grocery store in connection 
 with his other enterprises. Mr. Foster first mar-
 
 548 
 
 HISTOBY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 ried Miss Abi^'ailGetchell, of 'Washiiigton conn- ^ 
 ty, Maine, who ilied in 1852. He remained a ^ 
 widower one year, when he married ^Slrs. Mary 
 Averill. of Stillwater, the ceremony being per- 
 formed by Justice Hedderly, first justice of St. 
 Anthony. Their children are: Ada, William. 
 Owen and Elmer. 
 
 Stephen Fox was born at Buffalo, Xew York. 
 1843. lie engaged in farming ten years, when 
 he entered the army as mechanic in the quarter- 
 master's department. At the close of the war 
 he returned to Erie county. New York, and en- 
 gaged in milling; he was also employed in sev- 
 eral states as a mechanic. In 1878, he removed 
 to Minneapolis, where he has since resided. Mr. 
 Fox was married December 1st, 1878, to Miss 
 Jlaiy Ruddock. 
 
 Samuel Franklin was born in Butler county, 
 Ohio, November 29th 1818. At the age of six- 
 teen he learned tailoring and engaged in. his pro- 
 fession, in dilTerent parts of his native state and 
 of Indiana, until 1852, when he came to St. 
 Paul, Miiniesota; where he remained until the 
 spring following, when he removed to JSIinneap- 
 olis. He engaged in teaming seven years, 
 and in 187.3, again established himself in tailor- 
 ing. Mr. Franklin was married to iliss Mary 
 Halsey, in 1840. Their children living are: Wil- 
 liam B., Martha J., Mary L., Samuel, Jr., and 
 Fannie W. 
 
 S. J. Franklin, sou of Samuel Franklin, was 
 bom at Minneapolis, August 21, 18-56. He ac- 
 quired a knowledge of the carpenter's trade and 
 in 1876 was employed by the Manitoba railway 
 company, in whose employ he remained three 
 years, and has since been with the Chicago, Mil- 
 waukee and Saint Paul railroad company. 
 
 William B. Franklm, son of Samuel Franklin, 
 was bom at Middleton, Ohio, in 1842. He came 
 with his parents, to jMinneapolis, in 1853. He en- 
 listed in the Sixth ^linnesota volunteers and 
 served until his discharge in 1865. Three years 
 later he was employed by the Minnesota Stage 
 Company, where he continued as driver till 1873. 
 He made a claim of 160 acres (1878), at Clontarf, 
 Swift county, on which he has since lived. Mr. 
 Franklin married Susana Sheran in 1S75. Their 
 children are, James and William. 
 
 P. J. Eraser, was bom in I'pper Canada, Octo- 
 ber 7th, 1847. He came to Bed Wing, Mimieso- 
 
 ta, in 1863, and engaged in the manufacture of 
 doors, sash, blinds, etc. He came to Minneapo- 
 lis in 1869. The firm of Fraser and Shepherd, in 
 1879 built a spacious buildmg, and now carry on 
 the wholesale manufacture of sash, doors, blinds, 
 mouldings, glazed sash, brackets, stair railings, 
 scroll sawing etc. 
 
 Cornelius Frederichs, first assistant of fire de- 
 partment, also of the firm of G. T. Yail and Co., 
 was bom in Germany, October, 1840. He came 
 to America with his parents, when four years of 
 age, locating at Detroit, Michigan. The spring 
 of 1858 he removed to ;Minneapolis and engaged 
 in cabinet making with his brother. In 1861, he 
 enlisted in the Third Minnesota Yolunteer Infan- 
 try, and in the winter of 1863 re-enlisted and was 
 honorably discharged, August, 1865. Mr. Fred- 
 erichs returned to this city and again engaged in 
 the cabinet business with Mr. Vail, in 1858. He 
 entered the fire department in 1871, was elected 
 foreman of the Hook and Ladder Company, and 
 in 1874 he was elected second assistant chief en- 
 gineer: in 1876 he was elected first assistant chief 
 engmeer. during ■\\ hich time he was engaged in 
 cabinet and undertaking business. Mr. Frederichs 
 was married to Jliss 'Slaiy Lacher in 1862, who 
 died June 16, 1864. 
 
 George Frenet, a native of Canada, was bom 
 November 25th, 1842. He resided in his native 
 place until nineteen years of age. In 1862 he 
 visited Lake Superior, where he was engaged as 
 engineer in a copper mine. Three years later he 
 removed to Minneapolis where he was employed 
 by Dean and Company, lumber merchants, ten 
 years. In the spring of 1878 he was appointed on 
 the police force, which position he has since held. 
 His marriage with Mary Lebrieh, of Michigan, 
 was solemnized December 7th, 1865. 
 
 Louis E. Fritsche was born in Germany, July 
 15th, 1848. He came to America in 1854. In 
 1867 he located in Minneapolis, where he com- 
 pleted his trade, that of coppersmith, which he 
 had begun at New Ulm, Minnesota. This city 
 has since been his home. Mr. Fritsche and Miss 
 Pauline Bader were iniited in marriage Decem- 
 ber 27th, 1879. 
 
 G. W. Floyd was born in Watertown. New 
 York, April 28th, 1842. He aciiuired a knowl- 
 edge of photography in Cincinnati, Ohio. He 
 engaged in his business several years before com-
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL. 
 
 549 
 
 ingto Minneapolis m 1871. Soon after his arriv- 
 al, lie took charge of the operating department of 
 Mr. Jaeoby's gallery. In August, 1875, Mr. 
 Floyd opened an establishnnient for himself, and 
 does a large business. He was maiTied to Mrs. 
 Frank Sweet, of Minneapolis, in 1875. 
 
 Harlow A. Gale was born in Worcester county, 
 Massachusetts. When tiiree years of age his fa- 
 ther died, and he lived with an imcle in Vermont, 
 Kev. Samuel (ioddard, until 1845, when he re- 
 turned to liis mother. In 1 852 he went to Massa- 
 chusetts, and engaged in teaching and studying 
 until 1856, when he graduated from Union Col- 
 lege, New York. The same year he came to this 
 city, and engaged in tlie real estate business. In 
 1858 he was appointed deputy clerk of the dis- 
 trict court for Hennepin county, and in 1859 was 
 appointed county aviditor. Was subsequently 
 elected for two terms, and in 1865 declined a third 
 nomination. He bougiit out the insuriince agency 
 of W. B. Cornell, and with S. C. Gale organized 
 the real estate and insurance agency of Gale and 
 Company. In 1872 he bought and platted Gale's 
 first addition to Minneapolis, and in 1873 the 
 second. It was he who conceived and executed 
 the idea of tlie present city market, a description 
 of which may be found elsewhere. Mr. Gale was 
 married in 1859, to Lilibie Griggs, who has liorne 
 him four cliildren : Harlow, Robert, Willie, and 
 Isabel. 
 
 S. C. Gale was born September 15th, 1827, at 
 Royalston, Massachusetts. Was apinentieed to 
 learn the tanner's trade until 17 years of age, 
 when he commenced preparation for college. lie 
 studied at the academies of Xew Salem, Shel- 
 biniie Falls, and West Brattleboro, Vermont, and 
 finally Yale College, where he graduated in 1854, 
 after which lie attended Harvard law school one 
 year and taught school two years, continuing to 
 read law in the meantime. In 1857 he came to 
 Minneapolis, and the autumn of the same year he 
 was admitted to the liar. After a year or two he 
 discontinued the practice of law and engaged in 
 real estate business, which he still continues with 
 success. Mr. Gale has a pleasant home on the 
 corner of First Avenue south and Fourth street. 
 He was married October 15th. 1861, to Miss Su- 
 san Damon, of Massachusetts. They are the pa- 
 rents of five children. 
 
 G. R. Galpin, a native of Tioga county, Xew 
 
 York, was born March 27th, 1843. He resided 
 there until 1869, when he came to Minneapolis; 
 he engaged in different jiursuits, and for a time 
 worked at his trade of mill-wright, but finally in 
 1875, started in the grocery business, which he 
 still conducts at No. 319 Washington Avenue 
 north. 
 
 Morenus Galpin was bom in Auburn, New 
 York, April 23d, 1843. In early life he moved 
 with his parents to Battle Creek, Michigan, where 
 lie learned the carpenter's trade. In 1802, he en- 
 listed in Merrill's horse, an independent regiment, 
 designed for body-guard to General Fremont, 
 served imtil 1865 and was wounded five times. 
 He came to Minneapolis in 1871; for two years 
 was foreman for Frank Fleming, and was with 
 George Libby five years. The firm of Galpin 
 and Emerson was established April 1st, 1880. 
 
 Thomas Gardiner was born at Fredericton, New 
 Brunswick, September 12th, 1833. He moved to 
 St. Anthony in 1857, and remained until 1860, 
 when he came to Minneapolis and engaged in the 
 drug business with Dr. W. H. Leonard at the 
 present stand of Janney, Brooks and Eastman. 
 In 1868 the firm dissolved by mutual consent, 
 and Mr. Gardiner went in business alone, estab- 
 lishing a homoeopathic pharmacy, which despite 
 the fact of its being a new departure, has from 
 the first grown steadily. Mr. Gardiner married 
 in 1862, Mary Knight, of Buffalo, New York. 
 Their childi'en are Louise and Mary. 
 
 L. Garrity, a native of County Mayo, Ireland, 
 was born in 1841. He emigrated to America in 
 1858, and after a short residence in New York, lo- 
 cated in Hudson, Wisconsin, Miiere he remained 
 until 1872; then removed to Minneapolis and 
 embarked in the hotel business on Second Avenue 
 south. In 1877 he went to his present location. 
 No. 206 Washington Avenue south. He married 
 Catharine Hopkins in November, 1869. Their 
 children are Mary, Kate, James, Edward, Timo- 
 thy and Annie. 
 
 C. A. Gau, a native of (ierniany, was born in 
 1844. He came to the United States in 1866. 
 For three years he lived in Carver, Minnesota, 
 and kept the Railroad House; the rest of the 
 time he has been a resident of Minneapolis, and 
 since November, 1877, has been iiroprietor of the 
 Union House, No. 613 Washington Avenue 
 south. In 1872 he married Louise Thorn, who
 
 550 
 
 HISTORY OF HENNEPIN COUNIY. 
 
 has borne him tliiee children: Henry, Amelia 
 and Louise. 
 
 G. A. Gibbs was born in Montreal. Canada. 
 December 28th, 1841. In September 1861. he 
 he moved to Port Hope. Michigan, and the same 
 fall enUsted in the Tenth Michigan Infantry, 
 and served until August. 1865; he returned to 
 Canada and worked at carpentering there until 
 1870, when he came to this city and continued in 
 his trade several years. In 1877 he passed six 
 months at Fort Custer, Montana, but returned 
 in June, 1878, and engaged as mill-wright at the 
 Zenith mill; he now occupies the position of 
 head mill-wright at the North- western mill. His 
 wife was Anna Sweet, of Nova Scotia; they were 
 married in September 1871. They have three 
 children: Marion. Edgar and Howard. 
 
 N. H. Giertsen, a native of Norway, was born 
 January 2oth, 1852. He came to the United 
 States in 1867, and settled in Minneapolis where 
 he worked in various lines of business until 1871, 
 when he opened a grocery and general merchan- 
 dise store at 213 First sti-eet north where he still 
 continues in business. Mr. Giertsen was mar- 
 ried in 1874 to Mary Clark of this county. They 
 have two children: Arthur and Mabel. 
 
 Henry Giles was bom in Oxfordshire, England. 
 He came to New York. July 6th. 1848. and re- 
 mained until September, 1849. having charge of 
 the naturalist, Audubon, during the time his mind 
 was impaired. He then went to Eldorado. Wis- 
 consin, thence to Fon du Lac where he fitted up 
 the Forest street steam mills; he then had charge 
 of a mill in Menasha for about two years, and of 
 the Lawrence mills at Appleton, three years. In 
 March, 1873. he came here and was employed as 
 head stone-dresser at the "A" miU four years 
 previous to the explosion, and since July, 1878, 
 has been at the '■C" mill. He married Sarah 
 Gilbert, July loth, 1S49; she has borne him seven 
 children: Henry, Lucy, Willie, Louisa and Lu- 
 ella. twins, and Hattie. Gilbert died at the age 
 of four years. 
 
 J. Gillesby was born in Hamilton, Connecticut, 
 August 20th. 1855. He lived on a farm, and 
 from boyhood engaged in buying and sellmg 
 stock. He came to Minneapolis in 1873, and has 
 been interested in the meat market business 
 most of the time since. He is proprietor of the 
 Clifton House, on Third street north-east ; it is a 
 
 fine little brick house of thirty rooms, and nearly 
 new. Mr. Gillesby married Katie Rice, of Red 
 Wing, in November, 1880. 
 
 U. M. Gilmore, born at Newville. Pennsyl- 
 vania, in 1840. He came to this city in 1857, 
 but on account of the financial crash, and the 
 hard times resulting, he returned to Pennsylva- 
 nia in the fall of the same year. In 1861 he en- 
 listed in the Third Pennsylvania Cavalry, the 
 first volunteer regiment of cavalry in the service. 
 He commenced as corporal, but when mustered 
 out in 1864, held the commission of captain: he 
 was in many of the principal battles, and was 
 wounded in Januar>-, 1864. After leaving the 
 army he was in business in Pennsylvania for 
 abotit one and one-half years, and in 1866, re- 
 turned to Minnesota; he was in the auction busi- 
 ness for six years, and since that time has been 
 engaged in furnitiu-e manufacturing. His mar- 
 riage with Miss Sarah Kyle, of Maryland, oc- 
 curred in 1867. They reside at 909 Washington 
 Avenue north. 
 
 J. H. Gilmore, born at Steubenville.Oliio. July 
 17th, 1848. When quite young he moved with 
 his parents to Mount Pleasant, where he attended 
 the public schools and worked at farming several 
 years, and then was in the cattle trade until 1867. 
 He read law in Illinois two years, spent the same 
 length of time traveling in the west, and returned 
 home and purchased an interest in a newspaper, 
 which he sold in 1872 and removed to Chicago, 
 thence to Minneapolis ; here he followed pruiting 
 for a time, then became associated with Mr. 
 Baker in civil engineering ; he now owns several 
 farms in this state and is interested in real estate 
 and lumbering. His nuptials with Abliie Chase 
 were celebrated February 19th, 1879. They have 
 one child, Raymond. 
 
 J. A. Gilman. a native of Wisconsin, was born 
 in Washington county, in 1834. He lived there 
 until 1873. He enlisted in the Twenty-first regi- 
 ment of United States Volunteer Infantry, and at 
 the battle of Chickamauga. in Georgia, he was cap- 
 tured and taken to Libby prison in company with 
 sixty others. They were transferred several times 
 and after fifteen months" imprisonment Mr.Gilman 
 and eleven others were exchanged, the remaining 
 forty-nine haviiig died during confinement. He 
 was honorably discharged at Washington. August 
 6th, 1865. He then returned to his home in Wis-
 
 BIOGSAPHICAL. 
 
 551 
 
 consin, and in 1873 he removed to Minnesota. 
 He remained at St. Paul a few montlis, then lie- 
 came a resident of Minneapolis, where he has 
 since resided. He has been in the employ of the 
 St. Panl,Minneapolisand Manitoba Raihoad Com- 
 pany as car inspector, since his lirst locating liere. 
 July 3d, 1869, he married Amelia Marco, of Wis- 
 consin. Four children have been born to them: 
 John H., Nellie E., Fred R., and Albert A. 
 
 J. Q. Gilman, born December 1st, 1851, at Hal- 
 lowell, Maine. When nineteen years of age he 
 learned the blacksmith's trade, and in 1872 opened 
 a shop at Richmond, Maine. Staid there only one 
 year, and removed to Gardiner, where lie worked 
 in partnership with another man until 1877, when 
 he came here, and worked at his trade on Sixth 
 Avenue south. From there he moved to the cor- 
 ner of Fourth Avenue and Third street south, 
 and in November, 1880, opened the shop where 
 he now is, at 230 Fifth Avenue south. In June, 
 1878, he married Miss Ida Blaisdell. 
 
 Charles Gille, a native of Prussia, was born 
 September 2-5th, 1842. He came to America in 
 1852, and lived at Watertown, Wisconsin, until 
 1861, when he enlisted in the Twentieth Wiscon- 
 sin Infantry, and served threee years. He was 
 mustered out, and re-enlisted in the Forty-third 
 Wisconsin Infantry, and served until the close of 
 the war. He then went into the furniture business 
 in Iowa, and from there to Mankato, Minnesota, 
 where he was employed as carpenter imtil 1877, 
 when he came here, and has since been a con- 
 tractor for carpenter work ; office on Third street 
 and Fifteentli Avenue north-east. In 1869 he 
 married Mary Malli, who has borne him seven 
 children. Those living are : Lena, Emma, Ber- 
 tha, William, and Herman. 
 
 G. F. Girrbach was born March 29th, 1842, at 
 Calmbach, Kingdom of Wurtemberg. In April, 
 1864, he came to America. Lived a few months 
 in Connecticut, then to New York city, and in 
 1865 came here. He worked for the firm of J. 
 Dean and Company until 1871, when he estab- 
 lished himself in the saxicery business, and the 
 year following added a stock of general merchan- 
 dise. He is doing a successful business at 1624 
 Fifth street south. His wife was Louisa Jager, 
 whom he married in 1864. They aie the par nts 
 of six children : Louisa, William, Lydia, Fred, 
 Mimiie, and Esther. I 
 
 James Givans, a native of Ohio, was born in 
 1830. He went to West Liberty, Iowa, in 1853, 
 and engaged in the livery business. In 1872 he 
 removed to Minneapolis, and occupied stables 
 with Mr. Ensign until 1880, when he moved to 
 the alley back of the city market. He has a sale 
 stable exclusively. Mr. Givans married Mary 
 Innman, of Pennsylvania, in 185.5. She died in 
 1867, leaving three children: George, Sophia, 
 and Callle. His second wife was Sarah Bozarth, 
 whom he married in 1871. She has borne him 
 three children : Daisy, Ethel, and Mary. 
 
 Mitcliell W. Glenn was born December 24th, 
 1830, at Newark, New Jersey. In early child- 
 hood he moved to Mount Vernon, Ohio, and at 
 the age of eleven entered a machine shop; he 
 afterwards learned ironing carriages, and then re- 
 turned to the machine shop. He entered the 
 army as color-bearer of the Eighth Indiana, 
 though he had the use of but one arm, the other 
 being lame from an injury: at the battle of Rich 
 Mountain, he carried the only colors on the field. 
 He received several wounds at that battle, one 
 shows plainly now over the left eye. After his 
 return home he was commissioned adjutant of the 
 Thirty-fifth Indiana, which position he held two 
 years, and in 1863, he was made colonel of the 
 One hundred and Seventeenth Ohio Militia. He 
 came to this place in 1868, and went into the 
 North Star Iron Works. In 1878. he purchased 
 the Minneapolis Boiler Works. He has been a 
 member of the city council since 1872, with the 
 exception of one yeai, and vice-president of the 
 council two terms; he was also chairman of the 
 board of county commissioners for two years. 
 His marriage with Mary Kelly, of Ohio, was cel- 
 ebrated October 8th, 1862. Tlieir children are, J. 
 Willard and Eugene. 
 
 William Glessner was born January 22d, 1816, 
 in Somerset county, Pennsylvania. When fifteen 
 years of age he went to Ohio, and remained until 
 the spring of 1854, when he came to St. An- 
 thony. He entered a homestiad and lived on it 
 only one year, then returned to St. Anthony 
 and engaged v\ith ilr. Johnson in the manufac- 
 ture of furniture; after two years partnership Mr. 
 Glessner carried on tlie business alone; in 1870, he 
 abandoned nianufactuiing and entered the retail 
 furniture and the undertaking business, which 
 he still continues. His wife was Miss Abbie De
 
 552 
 
 HISTORY OF HENNEIUN COUNTY. 
 
 Vaul, of Ohio, who has borne him five children. 
 Mr. Glessner's residence is at the corner of 
 Eighth street and Eighth Avenue, south-east. 
 
 Gottleib Ghiek (deceased) was born April 22d, 
 ISiiS. in Gei-many. In 1855. he came to America, 
 and the year following moved to Minneapolis. In 
 1857, he built a brewery, which was destroyed by 
 fire and rebuilt in 1880: it has a capacity of forty- 
 five barrels per pay. He married Caroline Foell 
 in 1857; eleven children have been born to them, j 
 
 Louis, Charles, Emma, fdeceased), Emma, Jen- I 
 
 i 
 
 nie, Carrie, John. Louisa, Christina, Annie and 
 Lydia. Mr. Gluek died October 16th. 1880. 
 
 J. G. Gluck was born March 24th. 1833. in 
 Bavaria. In 1849, he came to America and lived 
 in Xew York city nearly fovir yeare. then was em- 
 ployed as journeyman at the tailor's trade which 
 he learned in Bavaria. In 1857, he came here, and 
 the year following, established himself in busi- 
 ness as a merchant tailor at St. Anthony; since 
 1863, he has been on the west side of the river. He 
 married Annie Gutzwieller in 1858. and in March. 
 1876. she died, leaving four children, Franklin, 
 John, Mary and George. His second wife was 
 Franziska Boldt. who has borne him two children. 
 Hugo and Albert. 
 
 Ard Godfrey, a native of Penobscot county. 
 Maine, was born at Orono, January 18th. 1813. 
 His father and elder brother being mill-wrights, 
 he learned that trade, and at the age of eighteen, 
 had charge of building a lumber mill. In 1847 
 he came to St. Anthony, to take charge of the 
 improvements of the water power then inaugu- 
 rated by FrankUn Steele, Rantoul and others. 
 He arrived in October, and in 1848 returned to 
 Maine. While there he made arrangements with 
 Steele to return to St. Anthony. He liad quite an 
 experience in building dams in Maine. After his 
 return to this place he operated in lumber for 
 Steele and others, also for himself, for several 
 years. In 1852 he had a claim made for him by 
 Captam Monroe, of Fort Snelling, near Minne- 
 haha Falls, where he has since lived, with the 
 exception of seven yeai-s spent in this city, to give 
 his children better educational advantages. In 
 1853 he built a saw-mill on Muniehaha Creek, 
 and in 1866 a grist-mill; both were destroyed by 
 fire. He was married in January, 1838, to Har- 
 riet N. Burr, of Maine ; children, Helen, now 
 Mrs. M. Berry, of :SIinneapoMs; Abner, a farmer 
 
 near Hancock; Harriet E.. a teacher: Martha A., 
 Sarah C. now Mrs. Osborne, of tlus city : Mary 
 and Minnie. Tliree chDdren died in infancy. 
 Mr. Godfrey resides on his farm near Minnehaha 
 Falls where he has a pleasant home. 
 
 Chris Goehringer came to Minnesota m 1865, 
 and located at North Branch; he was one of four 
 men who located and named the town. He re- 
 sided there about three and one-half years, then 
 came to this city and worked in a saw-mill two 
 years. For a sliort time he was in the grocery 
 business, then started a saloon on First Avenue 
 north, and is now in the same business at 101 Nic- 
 ollet Avenue. In 1870 he helped to organize hose 
 company number three, and in 1872 was elected 
 its first assistant, which position he held until 
 1875, when he was elected foreman, and acted in 
 that capacity until the company disbanded in 
 1879. lie married Mary Nieson in 1870. Their 
 children are Lena, Chris and Kate. 
 
 O. A. Gonyea, a native of Maine, was bom 
 January 26th. 1833. He came to Minneapolis in 
 1865. and for sixteen years worked in the woods 
 and on the river. He is proprietor of the New 
 Idea billiard hall. No. 21 Main street south-east, 
 which he built in 1872. His wife was Catherine 
 Hogan. whom he married in 1861. They have 
 four children: William. Lillie. NeUie and Charles. 
 
 A. H. Goode is a gentleman whose long expe- 
 rience well qualifies him to fill the position he 
 holds as manager of the Minneapolis branch 
 house of J. H. Kerrick and Company. This 
 firm manufacture and deal m iron and wood-work- 
 ing machinery and supplies. 
 
 P. Goodrich was born at Rochester, New York, 
 in 1857. At the age of three years he went with 
 hi.H mother to Boston and lived eight years; then 
 after passing three years in Chicago, he returned 
 to Rochester to prepare for college: he graduated 
 from the univei-sity of tliat city in 1880. and came 
 to Minneapolis in August of the same year. In 
 September. 1880, he purchased in company with 
 J. T. Barnum, the trunk manufactory of D. D. 
 Whitney, whicli business they are now conduct- 
 ing at 25 Washington Avenue north. 
 
 E. Gordon, a native of New Hampshire, was 
 born in July. 1853. When fourteen years of age 
 he commenced learning the mason's trade, and has 
 followed that occupation since. In 1855 he came 
 with his parents to St. Anthony, and m 1867 re-
 
 BIOGBAPHICAL. 
 
 553 
 
 moved to Colorado; he went to Michigan in 1876, 
 and returned to this city in 1878, since whicli time 
 lie has done business here as contractor for ma- 
 sonry work: he makes a specialty of plastering, 
 cistern-building and kalsomining. His residence 
 is No. 810 Washington Avenue north. 
 
 L. B. Gorman, a native of Quebec, was born in 
 September, 1853. lie came to the United States 
 in 1867, and followed the lumber business at 
 Grand Rapids, Wisconsin, for one year. In 1868 
 he came to ^Minneapolis and continued tlie same 
 work until June, 1878, when he took the billiard 
 hall at the corner of Hennepin Avenue and Sec- 
 ond street. His marriage with Jennette Hibl)ard 
 occurred December 25th, 1878. 
 
 William W.Gould was born in Canada, Decem- 
 ber 15th, 1840. He learned the milling business 
 in Uxbridge, Ontario county, and in September, 
 1865, moved to Soutli Bend, Indiana, where he 
 taught school one year, then went to Boone coun- 
 ty, Iowa, and was employed in cabinet and carpen- 
 ter work one year, thence to Council Bluffs, 
 where he worked as carpenter for the Chicago 
 and Northwestern Railway. He returned to 
 South Bend and worked at milling and cabinet 
 making until June, 1.S78, when he came to this 
 city and helped build the Pettit and Washburn 
 mills ; since June, 1880, he has been employed as 
 mill-WTight at the North-western mill. He mar- 
 ried Alice Burdic in 1873. They have one child, 
 Harry. 
 
 Charles E. Gray. l)orn at Westerly, Washington 
 county, Maine, October 7th, 1849. When six 
 years of age he came here and at the age of eigh- 
 teen commenced lumbering, which employment 
 he continued for seven years. In 1874 he engaged 
 in the milling business at the North Star mill; re- 
 mained two and one-half years with this firm, be- 
 ing part of the time in charge of a mill at Long 
 Lake, since then he has been at the North-west- 
 ern mill. Mr. Gray married Eva Lowell, April 
 4th, 1H76. They had one child, Sadie, who died 
 m infancy. 
 
 C. A. Graves was born at Cameron, Somerset 
 county, Maine, April 25th, 1837. In early man- 
 hood he commenced to work at building, and was 
 engaged on saw mills on the Penobscot river, and 
 at different places in the United States and Cana- 
 da. In 1857 he came to St. Anthony ; worked at 
 his trade on the St. Croix river two years, thence 
 
 to Stillwater, where he remained until 1864, when 
 he went south and worked one year for the govern- 
 ment construction department. In 1867 he came 
 to Minneapolis and since that time has been em- 
 ployed constructing mills. 
 
 Thomas K. Gray was bom in Lincoln county, 
 Maine, in June, 1833. His home has been in 
 Minneapolis since October, 1855. In 1866 he 
 married Julia Allen ; they are the parents of five 
 children: Horace, Edward, Herbert, Grade and 
 Daisy. Mr. Gray is a partner in the firm of Gray 
 and Hoftlin of this city, and is also in the drug 
 business at No. 108 Bridge square ; this business 
 was established in 1856 by John D. Gray and Dr. 
 M. R. Greely. In 1858, T. K. Gray bought the 
 doctor's interest and the firm of Gray Brothers 
 continued until 1870, when John D. was obliged 
 to travel for his health, and Mr. T. K. Gray has 
 since been alone in the busines. In 1865 the pres- 
 sent building was erected ; three stories and the 
 basement are occupied for the transaction of this 
 large and increasing business. 
 
 J. L. (irandy was born in Dundas county, Can- 
 ada, in 1825. He moved with his parents to St. 
 Lawrence county. New York, and lived there 
 imtil 1847, when he went to Wisconsin. He did 
 carpenter and jobbing work at Grand Rapids 
 until the war broke out, when he enlisted in the 
 Eighteenth Wisconsin Volunteers, served one 
 year and was discharged for disability. In the 
 spring of 1863 he removed to Beaver Dam and 
 remained four years in the employ of J. H. Row- 
 ell & Co., manufacturers of seeders. Since the 
 fall of 1867 he has resided in Minneapolis, en- 
 gaged in the manufacture of the New Comet 
 washing machines. He married Pauline Eaton, 
 in Wisconsin. They have foiu' children, Phoebe 
 Ann, Augustus, I^ouis Lincoln and Ida May. 
 
 W. Q. Greely was born May 20th, 1827, in Wal- 
 do county, Maine. He attended school until sev- 
 enteen years of age, when he commenced to learn 
 blacksmithing. He went to Bangor, where for 
 five years he worked at forging for Pope and 
 Lang: also fitted up a factory at North Vassel- 
 borough, Maine. Since October, 1855, he has 
 lived at St. Anthony. He occupied various loca- 
 tions for a number of years, and finally built a 
 shop on Main street south-east. This was de- 
 stroyed by fire, and in 1877 he purchased the shop 
 he now occupies. No. 131 Main street south-east.
 
 564 
 
 HISTOIiY OF EENNEPIN C0UN7Y 
 
 His wife was Amanda Gowaii. of Bradford, 
 Maine. They liave two children living: Otto 
 and Alice. 
 
 Anton Grethen, a native of Germany, was horn 
 in November, 1834. and in 18.54 emigrated to 
 America. He read law with Brisbin and Bige- 
 low, of St. Paul, and was achnitted to the bar in 
 December, 1858. He followed his profession 
 until elected auditor of Hennepin county in 1864. 
 This oflSce he filled until 1871, when he resumed 
 his law practice in the firm of D. G. Shilloek. and 
 afterward with (ieneral Baxter. In 1880 he was 
 elected alderman for the First ward. Mr. Grethen 
 resides on XicoUet Island. He was married in 
 1857 to Babette Jenkins. Their children are: 
 Emilie, Adolf and Otto. 
 
 J. M. Gritlith was born in 1835, in Germany. 
 AVhen a child he came with his parents to Amer- 
 ica, and lived in Saint Clair county. Illinois, until 
 twenty-one years of age. and then in Montgomery 
 county, five years. He removed to Montana, 
 where, for nine vears. he was engaged in con- 
 tracting and building, also operated a saw-mill, 
 and for a time conducted a general merchandise 
 business. His marriage with Came Sharp oc- 
 curred in April, 1867. They are the parents of 
 five children: Ernest, Benjamin, Mary, Frank- 
 lin, and an mfant. He is now engaged in the 
 manufacture of brooms, and dealing in broom 
 com. 
 
 John Grime, a native of England, was born in 
 1846. He came to America in 1869, and locating 
 at Scranton, Pennsylvania, commenced work in 
 the Delaware. Lackawanna and Western rail- 
 way shops, where he was employed until 1870; 
 that year he came to Miimeapolis and worked for 
 the ^Minneapolis and St. Louis Railway Company 
 imtil 1872, when he went to the Harvester AVorks, 
 and in April, 1880, began preparations for his 
 present business, that of manufacturing ma- 
 chinists" and engineers" tools. Mr. Grime was 
 married in this city, September 22d, 1875, to Em- 
 ma Morrill. They have one son. Edward. 
 
 "William Grimshaw, a native of Philadelphia. 
 Pennsylvania, was born December 6th, 1853. 
 He came to Minneapolis with his parents in 1855; 
 he studied here and grailuated from the only high 
 school in the city at that time. When only four- 
 teen years of age he commenced the carpenter's 
 trade, working with his father summers and at- 
 
 tending school winters; his business is now that 
 of architect and builder. He was married in Oc- 
 tober, 1876, to ^liss Miimie, daughter of George 
 Roberts, of Wisconsin. 
 
 E. S. Grindall was born at Penobscot. Maine, 
 March, 1832. He moved with liis parents to 
 Bangor, and followed butchering for five years; 
 then he went to Boston and engaged in draying 
 until 1855, when he removed to Iowa, and a few 
 months later, to this city. He was with Hause 
 and Bailey for a time, and then in the employ of 
 Stimson and Hayes, and in 1855-"56 assisted in 
 drawing stone for the old Winslow House. In 
 1865 he started a dray line, which he has since 
 continued with profit. He was married in 1858 
 to Sarah Smith. They are the parents of four 
 children: Sabine, George, Eaberand Bertie. Mr. 
 Grindall's father was county commissioner for 
 several years; his mother is still living. 
 
 John Grosbusch. a native of Germany, was 
 born in 1846. He came to America in 1868, and 
 lived on a farm one vear near Albert Lea; from 
 there he went to Steele county where he worked 
 on a farm and in a brewery untU 1871, when he re- 
 moved to this city, and was in a brewery here 
 four years, then started a saloon on Washington 
 Avenue, and in the spring of 1880 moved to his 
 present location He married Theresa Ilausler in 
 1876. Their children are Mary and John. 
 
 Freeman Cirover. a native of ]!sew Brunswck, 
 was born September 13th. 1831. In 1857 he 
 moved to Wisconsin and was in the lumber busi- 
 ness until 187.0. then he went south and for three 
 years was engaged in growing oranges in Florida, 
 but returned to Wisconsin and in 1880 came to 
 this city. He is proprietor of the Butler Hotel, 
 No. 709 Third street south. In June, 1862, he mar- 
 ried Margaret Ileasely. Five children have been 
 born to them: John. Mary. Otis, George and 
 Ward. 
 
 Frank Grygla, born in 1848. at Cracow, Poland, 
 aiul emigrated to America in 1870 ; he lived m 
 Milwaukee two years, then removed to Chicago. 
 In 1877 he came to Minneapolis and in company 
 with Mr. Selden engaged the manufacture of gal- 
 vanized iron cornice, fire and water-proof sky 
 lights, elevator buckets, doors and shuttere. etc., 
 etc.. No. 114 Third street north. Mr. Grygla was 
 married in 1877. He is the father of two child- 
 ren.
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL. 
 
 555 
 
 Absalom R. Guilder, born at Milton, Vermont, 
 in August, 1826. He lived with his parents un- 
 til 1842, when he moved to Watertown, Wiscon- 
 sin, and engaged in building the "Old Yellow 
 mill" or that place. In 1866 he came to Minne- 
 apolis to assist in the construction of the Wash- 
 burn 15 mill ; after its completion lie turned his 
 attention to a long felt want of those interested 
 in milling ; after a long and laborious task he was 
 rewarded with a series of patents, which placed 
 him in the front rank of our ablest inventors. In 
 June, 1872, he secured his first patent for a mid- 
 dlings purifier, the second in December of the 
 same year, the third in October, 1873, the fourth 
 in September, 1874, the fifth in May, 1875, and 
 the sixth was for drying and draining hose. In 
 April 1876, he made an improvement on granu- 
 lating machines, and in September, 1876, another 
 patent on middlings purifiers; July, 1877, an im- 
 provement on the turbine wheel, and in 1877, 
 1878, and 1880, he received re-issues on several of 
 them ; they are all patented in the United States 
 and Canada and his machinery has been sold in 
 all parts of the world where fioiir is manufac- 
 tured. Mr. Guilder married Eva Collins in 1850. 
 They have one child, Ella. Mrs. Guilder died 
 February 10th 1S71. 
 
 Simon Guimon was born in Quebec, Canada, 
 May 12th, 1840. He moved to Dayton, Minne- 
 sota, in 1862, and for four years was in the wood 
 business; in 1866, he moved to Anoka, and worked 
 eleven years as sawyer m the mills; he removed 
 to this city in 1877, spent two years more in the 
 wood business, and in May, 1880, bought the 
 Union house, 121 First street north. His wife 
 was Ellen Goodin; they were married in July, 
 1866; seven children have been born to then, 
 those living are Mary, Josephine, Simon, Nellie, 
 and Ida. 
 
 S. R. Gunnersen was born in Norway, in 1844. 
 He attended school in his native town until his 
 eighteenth year, when he entered the University 
 at Christiana. Passed all the degrees common to 
 a divinity student, and in 1867, took the degree 
 of D. D. Afterwards studied theology in Ger- 
 many. After traveling through several Euro- 
 pean countries, came to Augsburg Seminary, 
 Minneapolis, in 1874, and was elected a member 
 of its faculty. 
 
 CHAPTER LXXIX. 
 
 BIOGRAPniCAL. H, I AND J. 
 
 Charles F. Haglin, of the firm of Haglin and 
 Corser, architects, was born at Syracuse. New 
 York, in 1848. He studied tlie profession of 
 architect at Syracuse, and in 1869, moved to De- 
 troit, Michigan, remaining luitil the fall of the 
 same year, when he went to Cliicago. and in 1873, 
 came to Minneapolis. He estalilished an office in 
 connection with Mr. Long, and in 1876, formed a 
 partnership with Mr. Corser. Mr. Haglin drew 
 the plans for the Minneapolis and St. Paul depot, 
 also for the high school building, completed 1879. 
 W. N. Haight was born at Burlington, Ver- 
 mont, in 1850. His early life was passed at St. 
 Albans, of that state, and after the age of twelve 
 years, he was there engaged in architecture and 
 building. He located in Minneapolis, in 1876, 
 and has been successful in business. Mr. Haight 
 built the Woman's Home, Col. Benton's residence 
 and others. 
 
 Christopher Webber Hall was liorn in Wards- 
 boro, Windliam county, Vermont, February 28th, 
 1845. He remained with his parents on the farm, 
 attending the village school, and for one or two 
 terms the Lelaud and Gray Seminary, at Town- 
 send, Vermont, until he began preparation for 
 college at Chester Academy, Chester, Vermont. 
 The expense of his preparatory course was paid 
 by teaching penmanship. Entered Middlel)ury 
 College in 1867, and graduated in 1871. Taught 
 one year at Glen's Falls, New York ; then came 
 to Mankato, Minnesota, as principal of high 
 school. In 1873 he was elected superintendent of 
 the Owatonna city schools, where he remainad 
 until his departure for Europe to pursue his sci- 
 entific studies in the universities of Germany. 
 July 27th, 1875, he married Nellie A., eldest 
 daughter of Hon. M. H. Dunnell, of Owatonna, 
 who shortly afterward accompanied him to Ger- 
 many. She died at Leipzic, February 21st, 1876. 
 After taking the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, 
 Prof. Hall returned to America in December, 1877, 
 and passed six weeks assisting Prof. Seeley.at the 
 Middlebury, Vermont, College. In April, 1878, 
 upon invitation of Prof. Winchell, he came to 
 Minneapolis, and entered into work at the Uni- 
 versity of Minnespta, relieving that gentleman of
 
 656 
 
 HISTORY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 his class-room duties, that he might give his at- 
 tention to the duties of tlie natm-al liistory sur- 
 vey of the state. In June following he was em- 
 ployed for one year with the duties indicated hy 
 tlie title of assistant state geologist, and later, the 
 same year, was appointed professor of geology, 
 mineralogj- and biology, wliieh position he has 
 since held. 
 
 J. G. Haller, pastor of the Evangelical Mission, 
 was bom in Iv'ew York, in 1858, moved to Michi- 
 gan in 1864, and was converted at twelve. He 
 attended district school until fourteen years of 
 age, then took a clerkship in a mercantile house 
 for a few months: it not being congenial to his 
 tastes, left it and fitted for college in the high 
 school. At sixteen entered the Jfortli-western 
 college, at Xapierville, Illinois, and graduated 
 in tliree years. Came to Minnesota in 1877, 
 taught school seven months, in Stearns counti.', 
 and in 1878 joined the Minnesota conference and 
 was stationed on the Dakota circuit, twenty-flve 
 miles south of St. Paul, laboring jointly with 
 the Rev. Mr. Manthey. In the spring of 1879 
 stationed at the Minneapolis Mission, when fail- 
 ing health almost compelled him to abandon the 
 ministry, but feeling a stronger obligation to his 
 Master than to himself, he persevered until health 
 returned. 
 
 Lorentz Hailing, a native of Sweden, was bom 
 in 1839. He came to the United States in 1867, 
 residing in Xew York one year where he was em- 
 ployed as tailor. After visiting cities in Wis- 
 consin and ^Michigan, he located at Winona. Min- 
 nesota, where he remained two and one-half 
 years. In 1871. he removed to Minneapolis, 
 where he opened a saloon and has since resided. 
 Mr. Hailing manied .lulia Danielson, in 1870. 
 Their children are Hjalmar. Xellie, Jessie, and 
 Florence. 
 
 William S. Hall, a native of England, was 
 bom in January. 1844. He came to America, in 
 September. 1869. fii-st locating at Philadelphia, 
 and remaining there until 1871, when he returned 
 to England. In 1873 he returned to America 
 and removed to Hudson, Wisconsin, where he 
 was in the employ of the West Wisconsin rail- 
 road until 1878: he then came to ^linneapolis. 
 and entered his present business, that of ma- 
 chinist. His man-iage with Miss Alice Singleton 
 was solemnized at Bmy, England,, in_ 1868. 
 
 Their children are: Sarah A., John Wm., and 
 Susan. 
 
 Hobart O. Hamlin, son of Oliver Hamlin, was 
 born at Salem, Wayne county. Pennsylvania, 
 June 29th. 1832. Mr. Hamlin moved to St. An- 
 thony, ^Minnesota Territory, in 1854, and has 
 since resided at the Falls. In the fall of 1856, 
 he engaged in the mercantile business with Al- 
 pheus Rowell. and in common with many othei-s 
 durmg the ti-ying period of 1857, he met with 
 severe financial reverses. In that year he was 
 elected the first auditor of Hennepin comity, but 
 soon resigned his position and, in 1861. was 
 elected clerk of the district court, which office he 
 filled foiu' years. In 1877. he formed a partner- 
 ship witli Zelora E. Brown, and tliey have since 
 been successfully engaged in the real estate, loan 
 and insurance business. Mr. Hamlin's and Miss 
 Anna Rocke's nuptials were celelirated. Septem- 
 ber 28th, 1862. Their children are: Grant G., 
 Oliver C, George B., Ernest T. Kate and Ho- 
 bart O. 
 
 Henry Ilamm. a native of Germany, was bom 
 in 1846. He came to the United States, in 1873, 
 locating in Philadelphia, and veiy soon enlisted in 
 the Ninety-eighth Pennsylvania Volunteers, in 
 which he ser\-ed eight months. He returned to 
 Philadelphia, where he engaged in blacksmithing 
 until 1867. He established his saloon Inisiness in 
 Minneapolis in 1879. He was married to Lizzie 
 Freideger in 1872, and have three children, Annie, 
 Maggie and Lillie. 
 
 William Hammond was born in Oakfield. Wis- 
 consin, May 22d, 1847. He came to Miimeapolis 
 in 1870 and worked at lumbering ten years. In 
 July. 1880. he established a saloon business at 21 
 Nicollet Avenue. 
 
 C. J. Ilamnstrom was bom May 16th, 1843, in 
 Sweden. He learned the trade of shoe-maker 
 at an early age. and continued in that avocation 
 until 1865, when he came to the United States, 
 proceeding directly to Minnesota. Four years he 
 was engaged in the pursuit of his trade in differ- 
 ent parts of the state, thence came to Minneapo- 
 lis. In 1874, he opened an estabUshment and has 
 since been very successful in the manufacture of 
 boots and shoes. Mr. Ilamnstrom was married 
 in 1866 to Miss Barbara Larsom, of Sweden. 
 They have foiu- children, Preston, David, Lydia 
 and Elizabeth.
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL. 
 
 557 
 
 Kichard Hankinson was born at Grand Rapids, 
 Michigan, in 1842. He lived on a farm until 
 1861, when he enlisted in Company D, Eiglith 
 ilicliigan Volunteer Infantry. He was wounded 
 at Wilmington Island in 1862, and was discharged 
 in 1863, on account of his wounds. He re-enlisted 
 in the Thirteenth JMichigan Light Artillery and 
 served till the close of the war. He came to 
 Minneapolis in 186-5 and entered the service of the 
 North-western Telegraph company, and has since 
 been in their employ. He was line builder and 
 repairer four years; for three years was superm- 
 tendent of construction, and since has been as- 
 sistant general superintendent. He organized the 
 North-western Telephone E.xchange company in 
 1878, and was elected general manager, serving 
 as such until March 1880. 
 
 Samuel F. Ilance, physician and surgeon, was 
 born at Macedou, Wayne county. New York, 
 July 1st, 1825. He was educated at Canandaigua, 
 New York, also at Wesleyan University of Lima. 
 He studied and graduated as M. D. at the Albany 
 Medical College, and has been in continuous 
 practice since. In 1862, he entered the army as 
 surgeon of the Eighty-ninth Illinois Infantry, and 
 was successively promoted brigade surgeon, and 
 division medical director, in General McCook's 
 corps. On account of ill-health, he served only 
 two years. He located at Minneapolis, ui 1872, 
 and has practiced here since. Dr. Hance is a 
 member of the State Medical Society of Minne- 
 sota. He and Miss Sarah ^^^ right were united in 
 matrimony, in 1855. They have one child, Eliz- 
 abeth. 
 
 George A. Hanson was born at Soutlibridge, 
 Worcester county, Massachusetts, in 1842. He 
 received an academic education and a course in 
 Thompson, Connecticut, College. In 1861, he 
 enlisted in Company II, Eifty-flrst ^lassachusetts 
 nine-months' volunteers, and was discharged at 
 the expiration of the time. After his discharge 
 he engaged in the mercantile business until com- 
 ing to Minneapolis, in 1875. Tlie next year he 
 was employed as general agent of the Non-istown 
 agricultural works until 1878, when he entered 
 the Minneapolis Harvester works, as general su- 
 perintendent, where he has since remained. Mr. 
 Hanson's marriage with Miss Carrie Lewis oc- 
 curred at Soutlibridge, August, 1861. Their 
 children now living are George, Frank and Edgar. 
 
 J. D. Hanson was born October 30th, 1826, at 
 St. Stevens, Charlotte county. New Brunswick. 
 At nine years of age he apprenticed as a black- 
 smith, and has since engaged in the business. 
 He came to Minneapolis in 1877, and two years 
 later built the shop he now occupies. Having 
 formed a partnership with his son, the firm is 
 now known as J. D. Hanson and Son. He was 
 married June 13th, 1848, to iliss Susan Toiu-til- 
 lott who bore him four sons and three daughters. 
 
 J. W. Hargraves was born in New York, and 
 at an early age moved with his parents to Wiscon- 
 sin. At the age of twelve he removed to Deco- 
 rah, Iowa, and while there accpiired a knowledge 
 of milling. In 1877, he removed to Lanesboro, 
 where he remained three years; he then came to 
 Minneapolis. Mr. Hargraves was married in 
 1878, to Miss Augusta Jordan, who bore him one 
 child, James C. 
 
 Ariel C. Harris, attorney at law, was born at 
 Toledo, Ohio, November 30th, 18.55. He was ed- 
 ucated in the Toledo high school and University 
 of California. He read law in the law depart- 
 ment of Michigan University in the class of 1876. 
 After practicing in Detroit, Michigan, for a time 
 he removed to Texas, in 1877, thence to this city 
 in the summer of 1879. Mr. Harris was mana- 
 ger of the Saturday Evening Spectator one year, 
 when he opened his law office and has since prac- 
 ticed his profession. 
 
 S. A. Harris, cashier of the North-western Na- 
 tional Bank, tirst came to this city in 1868. From 
 1870 until April, 1880, he held positions in the 
 different banking iastitutions in the city At 
 the latter date he was elected to his present posi- 
 tion. 
 
 H. G. Harrison was born at Belleville, St. 
 Clair county, Illinois, April, 1822. He remained 
 at his native place until 1859, when he came to 
 Minneapolis and engaged in lumbering, and or- 
 ganized the firm of J. Dean and Company. When 
 the Security Bank was establislied, Mr. Harrison 
 became its vice-president, which office he has 
 since held. He was the second person who en- 
 gaged in the wliolesale grocery liusiness in this 
 city: lie opened with a partner, B. S. Bull, in 
 1863. After a period of eight years a new part- 
 nersliip was formed with George R. Newell, which 
 was dissolved in 1879. Mr. Harrison was mar- 
 ried in 1847, to ^Miss Irene A. Robinson, who died
 
 558 
 
 HISTOBT OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 in 1876. Their cliildren are Edwin, George, 
 Lewis, Hugh and Perry. Mv. Harrison remar- 
 ried to Miss Lizzie Hunt, who bore liimone cliild. 
 James G. 
 
 Thomas A. Harrison was l)oni in St. Clair 
 county, Illinois. December IStli, 1811. He lived 
 on a farm until sixteen years of age, when he 
 moved with his father to Belleville, Illinois, and 
 worked in a flour mill which his father had pur- 
 chased. In 1860, iMr. Harrison removed to JSIin- 
 neapolis to join his two brothers who had pre- 
 ceded him. Two years later he entered into 
 partnership with his brothere, and J. Dean, form- 
 ing the well-known firm of J. Dean and Company, 
 and carried on an extensive lumber trade. When 
 tlie Security Bank came Into existence, ilr. 
 Harrison was elected its president, which 
 high trust he still retains. His marriage with 
 Miss Rebecca Green was solemnized in Novem- 
 ber, 1840. Four children were born to them. 
 
 Philip Hartmami, a native of Germany, was 
 born in 1846. He came to the United States in 
 1854, locating in Scott county, Minnesota. Ten 
 years later he removed to ^liinieapolis, where he 
 was employed in Morrison Brothers' saw-mills, 
 until 1874, when he opened a saloon, billiard-hall 
 and summer gardens, at his present location. Mr. 
 Hartmann married Katie Pauly, in 1872, who 
 bore him live children. Those living are: 
 Adolph, Philip and Annie. 
 
 Charles C. Hashow, a native of France, was 
 born in 1843. He became familiar with the ma- 
 chinist's trade, in his native country. In 1862, 
 he came to America and superintended several 
 copper mines on Lake Superior. He invested 
 largely in mining stock, but in the tinancial panic 
 after the war, he lost heavily and was left desti- 
 tute. He walked from La Belle to Houghton, 
 sixty-eight miles, then went by boat to Green 
 Bay, thence to Chicago, where he found employ- 
 ment, which was furnished him by the North- 
 western ^Manufacturing Company. In 1865, he 
 came to Minneapolis, and was engaged as fore- 
 num in the Minneapols lorn-Works ten years, 
 then began business for himself once more. Mr. 
 Hashow married Jliss JSIary Crickler, in 1866. 
 Their children are: Charles and Louise. 
 
 W. H. Hastings was born in Elmira, Chemung 
 county, New York. He came west with his 
 parents who located at Red Whig, Minnesota. 
 
 Here he remained and was engaged six years in 
 the flouring mills. After pursuing his trade, in 
 the states of Michigan and Wisconsin, he re- 
 tiuned to Minnesota and was employed in the 
 Galaxy mills of this city, as stone dresser. He 
 was married May 30th, 1871, to Miss Bessie Ken- 
 dall. They are parents of one child. Bernice. 
 
 Henry Hauschild, a native of Germany, was 
 born in 1848. He came to America in 1867, and 
 lived two years in southern Minnesota, when he 
 removed to this city. In the spring of 1880, he 
 became proprietor of the present sample room and 
 billiard hall. Mr. Hauschild and Miss Jennie 
 Stremel were married m 1872. They have two 
 children, Oscar and John. 
 
 Jacob Hauser was born m Germany in 1829. 
 He came to the United States in 1853, locating 
 first in Wisconsin ; during the same year he went 
 to California, where he remained three years, 
 when he came to Minneapolis and at once opened 
 a grocery store. He is one of the oldest grocers 
 in the city. Mr. Hauser was married in 1857, to 
 Catherine Holloran, a native of Ireland. Their 
 children are Catherine, Johanna and John. 
 
 J. F. Ilause was born at Tyrone, Schuyler 
 comity. New York, July 12th 1850. He came to 
 Minneapolis in 1870, and after working three 
 years for Mr. Heffelflnger became his partner in 
 the boot and shoe trade. Two years later he 
 opened a shoe store and in 1875, sold a share to 
 Mr. Davis; this firm continued until April. 1880, 
 when Jilr. Davis sold and was succeeded by Mr. 
 Chesnut. The firm is now known as Hause and 
 Chesnut. 
 
 E. P. Hawthone, retired, was bom at Hunting- 
 ton, New York, in 18'42. He came to St. Paul in 
 1861, and immediately opened a farm of 160 ficres 
 in Richfield, Hennepin county. He, however, still 
 resided in St. Paul, remaining there until 1866, 
 when he removed and located on his farm. There 
 he remamed ten years at the expiration of which, 
 he removed with his family to Minneapolis and 
 rented the farm, which he still owns. ^Ir. Haw- 
 thorne and Miss Rebecca Giles were married in 
 1866. Their children are Meredith, Harry and 
 William. 
 
 W. P. Hawthorne was born in Westchester 
 
 county. New York, in 1837. He located in Henry 
 
 I county, Illinois, in 1859, where he engaged in 
 
 farming two years. In 1862, he enlisted in the
 
 BIOGBAFHICAL. 
 
 569 
 
 Nineteenth Illinois volunteers and served three 
 years. lie participated in some of the most noted 
 engagements. After his discharge in 1865, he 
 came to ilinnesota, locating on a farm in Kich- 
 field, where he remained thirteen years. He then 
 removed to Minneapolis and entered the flouring 
 mill business and built the Trades mill in com- 
 pany with his brother, D. M. Hawthorne, in 1879. 
 Mr. Hawthorne's man'iage to Miss Ellen Shark 
 took place in 1865. Their children are Nor- 
 man and Ellen. 
 
 John Hayes, born in June, 1819, is a de- 
 scendant of William Hayes and Julia Ryan, of 
 Ireland. He came to America in 1847, remain- 
 ing a short time in New York, then came to 
 St. Anthony, in 1856. Mr. Hayes was one of the 
 early settlers, and was obliged to endure the 
 hardships of pioneer life. lie pursued his avoca- 
 tion, that of a carpenter until May, 1861, when he 
 engaged in the grocery business in which he has 
 since continued. JSIr. Hayes was married in 
 Chicago, July 8th, 1855, to Miss Margaret Hardy. 
 They have eight children, all of whom are livhig 
 at home except two daughters, who are at the 
 convent in St. Paul. 
 
 M. P. Hayes was born at Limerick, Maine, in 
 1829. He went to Brighton, Massachusetts, 
 where he was employed as salesman in a meat 
 market, remaining about seven years. In the 
 fall of 1854, he came to St. Anthony and opened 
 a meat market which he kejit until 1865, when in 
 company witli H. M. Martin, he established the 
 old St. Anthony Iron Works. In 1876, they took 
 another partner, C. R. Bushnell, and continued 
 business until 1879, when their works were des- 
 troyed by Are. In 1876, Mr. Hayes in company 
 with T. F. Andrews built the block occupied by 
 N. B. Harwood and company. Three years later 
 they built four elevators. Mr. Hayes was mar- 
 ried at J.,imerick, Maine, in 1855, to Miss Eliza- 
 beth Stimson. Their children are Ellen E., Car- 
 rie A., Emma and Frank M. 
 
 George Hayford was born at Farmersville, Cat- 
 araugus county. New York, in 1843. He came 
 to this city in 1865, and was employed by Judd 
 and Brackett in the Washburn B mill, since 
 which time he has been engaged in the different 
 mills of the city, occupying the position of head 
 miller, grinder, and stone-dresser. Mr. Hayford 
 was married to Miss Ardilla Stillman from his 
 
 old home in New York, in 1864. They have one 
 child. 
 
 O. F. Haynes was born November 7th, 1845, at 
 Wilmington, Vermont. He learned the trade of 
 blacksmith, and since his locating in Minneapolis, 
 has been engaged in the pursuit of his avocation. 
 He was married November 12th, 1865, to Angle 
 E. Bowen, born at Jamaica, Vermont, in 1848. 
 They have two children, Lillian A., and Fred- 
 die E. 
 
 Lambert Hays, a native of Germany, was born 
 December 25th, 1841. He came to Albany, New 
 York with his parents, where they lived three 
 years. After living five years in Wisconsin, he 
 removed to St. Antliony, where he engaged in 
 the bakery business in which he continued until 
 1871. He then opened his First and Last Chance 
 sample room at his present location, lie has also 
 been a member of the city fire department sev- 
 eral years. Mr. Hays was married in 1H64. Their 
 children are, Katie, Theodore, Lambert, Lizzie, 
 Joseph, Mary, and Albert. 
 
 James H. Hazer was born at Albany, New 
 York, in 1838. At the age of sixteen he acquired 
 a knowledge of engineering at Troy, New York, 
 where he remained until 1857, when he went to 
 Hartford, Connecticut. In 1862 he enlisted in 
 the First Connecticut Cavalry, and was with the 
 army of the Potomac until 1865, when he was 
 discharged. In 1874 he removed to Minneapolis, 
 and took charge of the Monitor Plow Works en- 
 gine four years ; then of the Nicollet House engine 
 until November, 1879, since which time he has 
 had control of the Corliss engine at elevator "A.'' 
 Mr. Hazer was married to Miss Annie Travis, of 
 Madelia, Minnesota, m 1865. Their children are 
 Frank and Clarence. 
 
 Fred Ileckrich, born in 1843, is a native of 
 Germany. He came to this city in 1867, and for 
 six years was engaged as a painter. Since that 
 time he has been the proprietor of his present 
 restaurant and sample room. For several years 
 he has been a member of the fire department. 
 Mr. Heckrich was married in 1869, to Caroline 
 Figge, who bore him three children : Freddie, 
 Charles, and Mattie. 
 
 Edwm Hedderly, deceased, one of the earliest 
 pioneers, was born in Pliiladelphia, Pennsylvania, 
 in 1814. He was engaged in mercantile pursuits 
 in his native place until 1846, when he located in
 
 560 
 
 HISTORY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 Indianapolis, Indiana, and was connected with ; 
 tbe business interests of tliat place. In 1849 he 
 came to St. Anthony, which at that time, like St. 
 Paul, was only an Indian trading post. In 1851 
 he took a claim of one hundi-ed and sixty acres ! 
 in what is now known as "West ilinneapolis. He 
 was connected witli the various committees ap- 
 pointed for the purpose of naming and laying out 
 the streets and boundaries of this city. His first 
 business experience here was in the firm of Iled- 
 derly and Chambers, grocers ; next as Hedderly 
 and Koach, hardware dealers ; then as Hedderly 
 and Vroman, and last as E. Hedderly, druggist, 
 in which business he continued until his deatli 
 in June, 1880. He was prominently connected 
 with tlie interests of this locaUty for thirtj-one 
 years. He was married to Mary J. Kennard. of 
 Philadelpliia. Tlieir living children are : Ange- 
 line E., Emma, Theresa J., George AV., Edwin 
 P., Charlotte C, Thomas L., Alfred H., Daniel 
 G., and Josie J. 
 
 D. G. Hedderly, son of one of the earliest pio- 
 neers of this region, was bom in MumeapoUs, 
 March 16th, 1856, where he has always lived. 
 After receiving his education. Mr. Hedderly was 
 employed by the Trades Manufactming Company 
 as harness maker, imtU he became familiar with 
 the trade; afterward, by George Calladine. In 
 1875 he opened a grocery store, and has since 
 been having a fine ti'ade. Mr. Hedderly "s mar- 
 riage witli Lillian A. Foster was solemnized in 
 1877. They have one daughter; Zetta V. 
 
 T. L. Hedderly was born in this city, April 
 2d. 18-52. and was a son of the old pioneer. Edwin 
 Hedderly. and is one of the first white boys born 
 in tliis locality. Mr. Hedderly received his ed- 
 ucation in Minneapolis, and studied dentistry 
 with Doctor Bowman, which profession he has 
 practiced six years. He was married in 1875. 
 to !Miss Jessie McGregor, of Black River Falls, 
 Wisconsin. Their children are: Dtmcan, Boy 
 and Edwin. 
 
 X. M. Hedstrom. boni in 1843, is a native of 
 Sweden. He emigrated to America, in 1869. 
 Being a miUer. he has been in tlie employ of the 
 firm of Crocker, Fisk and Company, occupying 
 the position of shipper in the Minneapolis mill 
 for ten years. Iilr. Hedstrom was married in 
 1873, to Miss Ellen Xelson, who bore him two 
 children: Emilv and Charles. 
 
 C. B. Heflelflnger was born in Cumberland 
 county, Pennsylvania. January 13th, 1834. He 
 came to ^Minneapolis, in 1S57. where he engaged 
 in various pureuits until 1861, when lie responded 
 to the first call for volunteers, by enlisting in the 
 First Minnesota Infantry, Company D. He was 
 promoted, for gallant conduct, to the office of 
 second Ueutenant, firet lieutenant and captain 
 successively. In 1864 he was mustered out, but 
 in 1865 he was tendered the commission of ma- 
 jor of the First Minnesota Artillery, by Governor 
 Miller, which he accepted and served as such 
 until mustered out in October. 1865, at Fort 
 Snelling. !Mr. Heffelfinger engaged in the boot 
 and shoe business, in 1866. with Mr. Walker, 
 under the name of Walker and Heffelfinger. 
 Four years later he bought Mr. Walker's interest, 
 and in 1873, in company with others, he organ- 
 ized the North Star Boot and Shoe Company, 
 and has been its manager since its organization. 
 Mr. Heffelfinger was married, in 1863, to Mary 
 E. Totton. Their children are: Alfred, William, 
 Frank. Mary. Fannie Charles and Annie. 
 
 C. A. Heffelfinger was born in Cumberland 
 county. Pennsvlvania. March Sth, 1850. He first 
 located permanently in Mmneapolis, in 1866, en- 
 gaging with the firm of Walker and Heffelfinger, 
 boot and shoe dealers, one of the firm. ^lajor 
 Heffelfinger, being his brotlier. He succeeded 
 the firm, in 1874, as sole proprietor and has since 
 continued in the same line of business. He is 
 also a partner in the firm of Heffelfinger and 
 Kingman, of Red Wing, Minnesota. He was 
 married in August, 1879, to Carrie B. King, 
 daughter of W. S. King, of this city. 
 
 Frank Hefti was born in Switzerland, June 
 16tli, 1844. He was educated in his native coun- 
 try, in the universities of Zurich and Muenchen; 
 he studied medicine five years at these universi- 
 ties, and graduated at '-Kanton Glarus," Switz- 
 erland, with degree of "JI. D.." in 18S8. Doctor 
 Hefti came to the United States in 1874. locating 
 in AViseonsin. where he remained two years. 
 He then located in Minneapolis, where lie has 
 been in continuous practice. Doctor Hefti was 
 married in 1871. to Anna Blumer. of Switzerland. 
 Their children are Barbara and Katie. 
 
 J. Hefty, a native of Switzerland, was born 
 April 28th, 1833. He came to the United States 
 in 1853 and located in Illinois. After a few veal's
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL. 
 
 561 
 
 he removed to Eau Claire, Wisconsin, wliere he 
 remained until 1868; then removed to Minneapo- 
 lis, and in 1869 opened a gi'ocery store in which 
 he has since continued. lie was married in 
 Switzerland, in 1860, to Barbara Colljy. They 
 have eight children: Emma, Ella, Andrew, Fred, 
 Julia, Nick, Frank and George. 
 
 W. II. Ilelfrich was born in Lehigh county, 
 Pennsylvania, March 21st, 1848. He remained 
 with his parents mitil 1864, when he removed to 
 Logansport, Indiana, and engaged in milling, 
 continuing there five years. He then came to 
 Minneapolis and secured a situation with Tom- 
 linson and Tiffany, at the Arctic mill as second 
 miller. He was engaged in the mills of the city 
 a number of years, when he took the position of 
 head miller in the Empire mill, January 14th, 
 1877, which position he still holds. Mr. Ilelfrich 
 was married, May 2.5th, 1877. to Miss Nellie Legg 
 who bore him one child, Mabel. 
 
 John Ileinrich, of the firm of Mueller and 
 Ileinrich, was born in 1829. He came to Amer- 
 ica in 1853, locating at Galena, Illinois, and en- 
 gaged in the meat business one and one-half 
 years. He removed to Prairie du Chien, Wiscon- 
 sin, remaining seven years in market business 
 and boarding house. He removed to Minneapolis 
 in 1865, and had control of a meat market eight 
 years, going into partnership with Mr. Mueller in 
 the brewery in 1874. He married Minnie Bor- 
 chert in 1858. They are parents of five children. 
 
 Frank E. Ilesler, son of Alexander and Helen 
 Hesler, was born at Galena, Illinois, April 3d, 
 1851. In 1854, moved with his parents to Chi- 
 cago, Illinois, where he resided until 1869, when 
 he removed to Evanston, Illinois. He entered 
 the Northwestern University, and in 1872 he 
 accepted a position as division engineer on the 
 Prophetstown extension of the Chicago, Burling- 
 tod and Qnincy Eailway. In the following year 
 he began his journalistic career upon the repor- 
 torial staff of the Chicago Post. December 1st, 
 1873, Mr. Ilesler removed to Minneapolis, as city 
 editor of the Evening Times. Witli the excep- 
 tion of about two years spent in travel, Mr. Iles- 
 ler has been engaged m journalism for the past 
 seven years. When the Daily Evening Journal 
 was re-organized, he was appointed city editor, 
 and now occupies that position. He was married 
 
 to Ada V. Keid, only daughter of Hon. A. M. 
 36 
 
 Reid, December loth, 1874. In June, 1851, Mr. 
 Ilesler's parents with their babe, visited St. An- 
 thony, and held Frank under the spray of the then 
 primitive falls. A bystander at the time, re- 
 marked, "Who knows but that some day this 
 may be the site of a great city, and that this babe 
 may not come here to live." The prophecy has 
 been verified. 
 
 -J. H. Henderson was born in Livingston 
 county, New York, February 4th, 1829. He came 
 to St. Anthony in 1852 ; in a few weeks he re- 
 moved to Anoka and assisted in building the first 
 dam across Rum river. He remained at Anoka 
 sixteen years. In 1861 he enlisted and served one 
 year in the war. In 1869 he came to Minneapolis 
 and engaged in the grocery business ; also dealt 
 in lime, feed and cement, in which business he 
 continued four years, then opened a sale and 
 livery stable at his present location. Mr Hen- 
 derson married Aim J. Kurn, of Livingston coun- 
 ty. New York, in 1855. They have one child. 
 
 J. W. Henion was born at Plymouth, Wayne 
 county, Michigan, April 8th, 1832. AV^hen yet a 
 child he accompanied his parents to New York, 
 where he remained until 1854, when he came to 
 Minnesota and located at Anoka. When the St. 
 Paul and Pacific railroad was built through Ano- 
 ka, Mr. Henion accepted the position of station 
 agent. In 1866 he was appointed agent at St. 
 Antliony, where he served until a station was 
 established on the west side when he took charge 
 of it in 1867 and held the position of general station 
 agent until .January 1st, 1880. Mr. Henion is one of 
 the oldest station agents west of Chicago, having 
 held that office continually for seventeen years. In 
 1878 he was treasurer and one of the directors of 
 the Street Railway company. Mr. Henion was 
 married at Anoka, January 1st, 1857, to Miss 
 Emily Robbins. They have one child, Grace. 
 
 C. Henry, foreman of Hose Company No. 3, 
 was born in Washington county, Wisconsin, 
 in 1845. He attended the public schools until 
 I860 when he commenced his ai)prenticeship as 
 shoemaker. In 1864 he enlisted in company I, 
 Thirty-seventh Wisconsin volunteers, and served 
 with the Army of the Potomac until he was mus- 
 tered out in 1865. He soon settled in Wisconsin, 
 where he followed his trade until 1868, when he 
 came farther west, locating in Minneapolis. In 
 1871 he was appointed on the police force, serving
 
 562 
 
 HTSTORY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 until 1875. He was appointed as foreman of 
 Hose Company Xo. 3, at the time of its organiza- 
 tion in 1873. In 1866 he was married to Miss 
 Kate Shuple. Their children are, John, Annie, 
 Andrew and William. 
 
 Kennedy Henry, a native of Scotland, was born 
 at Ayr, February, 11 tli, 1S44. He apprenticed as 
 miller in his native town and served six years. 
 He was married to Hiss Annie Boyd, a native of 
 Scotland, in 1866. and embarked for America on 
 their wedding day. He located at Cliieago, where 
 he remained as a miller, three years, then re- 
 moved to Pittsburgh, Peinisylvania, remaining 
 eight years. In April, 1S7^^, he came to Minne- 
 apolis and obtained a situation as second miller 
 in the Excelsior mill and has since held the same 
 position. He has had tliree children born to him , 
 John. Kennedy and Annie. 
 
 C. E. Henshaw M.D., was born at Kirtland.Ohio, 
 March 20th. 1814. He received his education in 
 Ohio and Kentucky. He studied medicine and 
 graduated from the medical department of the Uni- 
 versity of New York. He practiced his profes- 
 sion in Cleveland, Ohio, eight year.-^, wlien he re- 
 moved to Minneapolis, in 1880, and located his 
 office at 101 Washington Avenue south. Dr. 
 Henshaw is the father of one child. Emily. 
 
 J. W. Ilernhuid. of the firm of Malmsten, Xel- 
 son and Company, was born in May, 1855. and is 
 a native of Sweden. He accompanied his parents 
 to America, in 1869. locating at Red Wing. Min- 
 nesoUi, where they remained until 1871, when 
 they removed to Minneapolis. Mr. Hernlund 
 learned the machinist's trade, after which he at- 
 tended Macalester College, preparatory to a two 
 years' course at the University of Minnesota. 
 The death of his father compelled him to return 
 to the pursuit of his trade, and in 1879 he bought 
 an interest in the firm of Malmsten and Nelson, 
 and has since been a member of that firm. Mr. 
 Hernlund was married in this city, to Miss Clara 
 Berguest. November 12th. 1879. 
 
 Henry G. Hicks is a native of New York, was 
 born at Varysburgh, Genesee, now Wyoming 
 county, January 16th. 1838. At eleven years of 
 age he commenced to learn the harness trade with 
 his father. At the age of fifteen, he began teach- 
 ing school, which occupation he was engaged in 
 until 1861. At the ages of fourteen, fifteen and 
 sixteen he worked on a farm. His education was 
 
 secured in the common schools of his native 
 state and at Girard, Pennsylvania; also attended 
 three summers at Oberlin. Ohio, where he entered 
 college in 1860. In 1855, he removed toFreeport, 
 Illinois, and in July, 1861, he enlisted in the Sec- 
 ond Illinois Cavalry, as a private, in Company D; 
 was made corporal and sergeant of his company, 
 sergeant major and adjutant of his regiment. 
 He afterwards sen-ed as adjutant of the Seventy- 
 first and Ninety-third Illinois Infantry Regiments 
 until February. 1864. Was with a squadron of 
 the Second Illinois Cavalry at the battle of Fort 
 Donaldson, and in the Ninety-third Infantry at 
 Raymond. Jackson, Champion Hills, the siege of 
 Vicksburg and Missionary Ridge, being severely 
 wounded in the face at the latter place. In April, 
 1865, he removed to Minneapolis, and has since 
 made this his home. He was married May 3d, 
 1864, to Mary Adelaide, daughter of I. G. Beede, 
 of Freeport. Illinois, by whom he had four chil- 
 dren, two of whom are living, a daughter of 
 fifteen, Minnie Adelaide, and a son of twelve, 
 Howard Henry. His first wife dying in July, 
 1870, he married again November, 1873, Susan- 
 nah R. Fox, of Clarion county, Pennsylvania. 
 Mr. Hicks was sheriff of Hennepin county from 
 December. 1867, to January, 1871; was city justice 
 of Minneapolis three years, 1871-'4. Has been 
 from 1870, to the present time, a member of the 
 board of trustees for soldier's orphans, and pres- 
 ident of the board for the last seven years. Was 
 a member of the house of representatives in 
 1878-'9 and '81. At tlie close of his term as city 
 justice, in 1874, he commenced the study and prac- 
 tice of law, and was admitted to the bar in Feb- 
 ruary, 1875. He is a member of the law firm of 
 Cross and Hicks. 
 
 Cliarles Ilierholzer was biu-u in Germany, No- 
 vember 2d, 1828. He acquired a knowledge of 
 shoemaking. m his native country, and continued 
 in the pursuit of his trade until 1849, when he 
 emigrated to the United States, locating first at 
 St. Louis. The next year he removed to Missis- 
 sippi, where he remained one year, thence to 
 Louisiana. Here he made his home, until 1855, 
 when he removed to St. Antliony and the next 
 year opened a boot and shoe store, and is proba- 
 bly one of the oldest men in the business, in the 
 city. Mr. Ilierholzer was married, in 1854, to 
 Marguerita Berger, of Germany. Their children
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL. 
 
 563 
 
 are: Ellen, August, Mary, Charles, Frank and 
 Adolph. 
 
 O. A. Hilgermann is the proprietor of the Bos- 
 ton furniture house. Tliis house was established 
 in September, 1880, as a branch of O. A. Ililger- 
 mann's establishment at Chicago. The walnut 
 furniture is manufactured by this house and sold 
 <■ on Chicago price list. Mr. E. Bundschuh has the 
 management of the Minneapolis house, which is 
 located at 405 Washington Avenue south. 
 
 F. C. Hill was born in Vermont, 1850. In 1870 
 he came to Minneapolis and remained one year, 
 when he returned to Vermont, and engaged in the 
 hotel business a few years, then removed to 
 Cambridgeport, Massachusetts. In 1876, he re- 
 turned to this city and was employed by the 
 Street Railway Company two years, when w'ilh 
 his brother, F. K. Hill, he opened the Chicago 
 House. 
 
 F. K. Hill, in comprny with his brother, is 
 proprietor of the Chicago House, of this city. He 
 was born in Vermont, 1855. He went to Boston, 
 1873, where for several years he was in the res- 
 taurant business. In 1876, he came to this city 
 and was in the employ of the Street Railway 
 Company, and since, in the above named house, 
 with his brother. Married Mary Cavanaugh in 
 1878; they have one child. 
 
 Francis Hill was born at Rochester, New York, 
 September 11th, 1836. He learned milling with 
 his brother, Ichabod, and has been with him, 
 through the greater part of his experience. Mr. 
 Hill has been in the employ of Mr. Brackett one 
 year and Pillsbury five years. His marriage to 
 Miss Julia Brackett was solemnized March 26th, 
 1859. Their children are: Julia, Cora, Mary, 
 Clara and Lucy. 
 
 Ichabod P. Hill, head miller of Palisade mill, 
 was bom at Westonville, New York, December 
 18th, 1831. He became a miller at Rochester, 
 New York, and spent ten years in Rochester and 
 Oswego. He came West in 1S54. located in St. 
 Anthony, and worked in the old ^linnesota mill, 
 being engaged m milling five years; he then con- 
 ducted the Nicollet House one year, when he 
 sold out and removed to Belle Plaine and purchas- 
 ed the Belle Plaine mills, which were burned four 
 years later. In 1873 he returned to this city and 
 was engaged as stone-dresser, and since 1875 has 
 been head miller. He is probably the oldest 
 
 miller in the city. Mr. Hill married Miss Agnes 
 Bibbins, June 3d, 1858. Their children are Lola, 
 Ichabod, Dursean, Blanche and Harvey. 
 
 James W. Hill, a native of New Hampshire, 
 was born in 1818. He enlisted as drummer-boy 
 in the war, and sei-ved three years. He attended 
 the Newbury Seminary, Vermont, three years, 
 then removed to Manchester, New Hampshire, 
 for the purpose of preparing for an apothecary. 
 After traveling about, several years, he came to 
 this city, and engaged in the livery and sale stable 
 business in 1874. Mr. Hill married Elizabeth 
 Richardson, who bore him two children, Eliza- 
 beth and Charles. 
 
 L. D. Hill was born in Cumberland county. 
 Maine, May 19th, 1845. He resided on a farm 
 until eighteen years of age, when he enlisted in 
 the Third Maine Battery, under Captain E. R. 
 Mayo. He was with the company until June, 
 1865. In August of the same year, he came to 
 Minneapolis which has principally been his home 
 since. He is now engaged in dealing in second 
 hand goods, 27 Nicollet Avenue. He was mar- 
 ried in 1878 to Julia E. Stouart. Their children 
 are Charles and Willie. 
 
 George Hineline, a native of Germany, was 
 born April 3d, 1830. He came with his parents 
 to America, locating in Ohio. He removed in 
 1859 to Minnesota, and was engaged in different 
 parts of the state as a miller. In 1866 he loca- 
 ted in this city, and secured a position as head 
 miller with Perkins and Crocker; he remained 
 with them four years. In 1872, he bought one- 
 third interest in the Holly mill, which he sold 
 five years later, and purchased one-thir<l interest 
 in the Model mill, which interest he now controls. 
 Mr. Hineline married Miss Rosetta Stewart, of 
 Ohio. Their children are Margaretta, IMary, 
 Thomas, Emma and Agnes. Two children have 
 died. 
 
 Francis S. Ilinkle was born at Cincinnati, 
 Ohio, August 22(1, 1847. He came to ^Minneapo- 
 lis January 1st, 1878. Mr. Hinkle with his broth- 
 er bought the Holly mill May 31st, 1878. 
 
 John Hinton was born at Birmingham, Eng- 
 land, February 29th, 1832. He removed to the 
 United States with his parents in 1845, who lo- 
 cated at West Cambridge, Massachusetts. He 
 served apprenticeship in England as saw manu- 
 facturer. He removed to St. Louis in 1857, and
 
 564 
 
 BISTORT OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 was engaged in the manufacture of saws until 
 ISliT. when he removed to Minneapolis, and pur- 
 sued the same business. lie volunteered in the 
 fire department in 1868, and was appointed fore- 
 man of the steamer and hose company Xo. 1 , in 
 1S77. wliieh position he resigned, but remained a 
 member until the organization of the paid depart- 
 ment, in 1879, when he was appointed as first 
 pipeman. and continued as such until 1880. when 
 he was again appointed as foreman of the steamer 
 and hose company Xo. 1. He was married to 
 Miss Sarah E. Locke, of Jklassachusetts, Febru- 
 ary 28th. 1844. They have two children. 
 
 J. H. Hiscock was bom in Franklin county, 
 Maine, in 1851. He learned his trade of cabinet- 
 maker ill Xew York city, where he remained 
 nearly five years. He removed to Waverly. Iowa, 
 in May, 1876, but soon after came to Minneapolis 
 and resumed his trade, in the employ of others, 
 until 1879. The firm of .J. II. Hiscock and Com- 
 pany was then formed, which has been in the furni- 
 ture manufactiuing business since. Mr. Hiscock 
 was mamed in 1876, to iliss Kate Dagget. Resi- 
 dence 422 University Avenue south-east. 
 
 J. T. Hobbs was bom in Xewark. Xew Jersev. 
 in 1842. At eleven vears of age he went to Wis- 
 consin, and lived with an inicle three years, when 
 he went into the lead mines of La Fayette county, 
 in that state, and was employed there twelve 
 years. He then removed to Eau Claire, and 
 passed eight years in lumbering. He came to 
 Minneapolis in September, 1878. and since that 
 time has been engaged in millmg, and is now 
 shipping clerk in the Trades mill. He was mar- 
 ried in August, 1873, to Miss Sarah J. Hanes. 
 
 Henry Hobine was bom April 12th, 1844, at St. 
 Louis, Missouri. He has been engaged as a 
 mill-wright for twelve years in Utah and \\'yo- 
 ming territories and states of Kansas and JSIis- 
 souri. In 1872, he located in Mimieapolis, and 
 has assisted in putting in machinen- in nearly 
 all the mills of this city, erected since then. He 
 has been in the Xorth-western mill since Septem- 
 ber, 1879. In 1861, he enlisted in the Seven- 
 teenth Missouri Eiflemen, known as the St. Louis 
 Turnere, sen-ed three and one-half years and 
 participated in a number of the principal con- 
 flicts; he was discharged in December. I860. He 
 married iliss Luretta Salfell m 1875. They have 
 one child, John H. 
 
 E. J. Hodges was bom in Ohio, in 1848. He 
 enlisted in the Thirty-second Wisconsin Yolun- 
 teei-s in 1862. and was discharged in .June, 1865. 
 He went to Fond du Lac and worked in the lumber 
 mills until he came to Minneapolis in 1875, since 
 which time he has been employed in the planing 
 mills of this city. He has been with the Union 
 mills as superintendent since January, 1880. 
 He married Miss Emma Martin in 1869. They 
 have one child, Hattie A. 
 
 George Holehouse is a native of Lower Can- 
 ada. At ten years of age he accompanied his 
 parents to the United States, locating at Buffalo, 
 Xew York. Upon reaching manhood, he served 
 an apprenticeship as machhiist and mill-wright. 
 He came to Minneapolis in 1862, engaged in the 
 pureuit of his trade several months, and enlisted 
 in August of the same year, and served until the 
 close of the war. in the Seventh Minnesota Itegi- 
 ment. After his discharge, he removed to Red 
 Wing and remained six years, when he went to 
 Iowa. In 1878, he located in this city, and has 
 been employed in the platform mills much of the 
 time since. He married Miss Louisa Blakie, of 
 Red Wing, in 1867. 
 
 Charles Holmberg. a native of Sweden, was 
 bom in 1849. He came to America in 1871, lo- 
 cating at Fort Wayne. Indiana, where he was em- 
 ployed in a flouring mill. He removed to tins 
 city in 1873, and secured a situation in the Min- 
 neapolis mill of Crocker. Fisk and Company, 
 since wliich time he has remained with the same 
 firm and now occupies the position of stone 
 di-esser and miller. 
 
 H. W. Holmes was born in Allegheny City, 
 Pennsylvania, January 4th, 1845. He came to 
 Minneapolis in 1858. He engaged in steam- 
 boating on the Minnesota, Mississippi and Red 
 Rivers until 1877, with the exception of five 
 years, during which he was engaged with the 
 Xorth-weslem Union Packet Company on the 
 Chippewa river one year, and in the milling 
 business at AVabasha, three years. In 1877, 
 he engaged in milling in this city, in which 
 lie has since continued. He maiTied Miss Fran- 
 ces E. Rollins. February Sth. 1869. Two chil- 
 dren have been born to them, Payton E. and 
 Agnes. 
 
 Charles Evans Holt was born at Clinton, Mas- 
 sachusetts. When eight years of age he moved
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL. 
 
 565 
 
 with his parents to Cleveland, where his father 
 still resides. Here he received his education, 
 and at sixteen years of age, he enlisted in the 
 Sixth Ohio Cavalry, in whicli he served three 
 years, engaging in the battles of Cross Keys, Cul- 
 pepper Court House, and numerous others. He 
 was honorably discliarged, at the hospital, at 
 City Point, Virginia, at that time and for many 
 months after, being mider the physician's care. 
 He returned home in 1865, then removed to Bos- 
 ton, where he was assistant superintendent and 
 foreman of the iron works of George T. Mc- 
 Lauthlin and Company. In 1875 he came to this 
 city and was employed as head book-keeper for 
 O. A Pray, and in 1878 became one of the pres- 
 ent firm of O. A. Pray and Company. While in 
 Cleveland he was in the firm of Holt, Kuple and 
 Company, machinists, also firm of D. Holt and 
 Son. He was active in organizing the Young 
 People's Christian Association, of (Ueveland, 
 and A'as first secretary, then president of the 
 same. He is a director of the AVidows and Or- 
 phans' Protective (Life) Association of Minne- 
 sota, and honorary vice-president, for Minnesota, 
 of the United States Mutual Accident Associ- 
 ation of New York and Chicago. His union 
 with Miss Rebecca E. Slierman, occuned at Lo- 
 well, Massachusetts, May 6th, 1867, They have 
 four daughters: Alice, Agnes, Sophie, and Lucy. 
 Their two sons are deceased. 
 
 E. E. Holt was bom at Lebanon. Connecticut, 
 November, 1823. He went to New York city in 
 1837, and for twelve years occupied tlie position 
 of book-keeper tor J. W. and J. Morgan, coal 
 dealers; he was also engaged by J. Odell, servuig 
 in the same capacity two years. He removed to 
 Oswego county. New York, where he opened a 
 general produce store; thence to Beaver Dam, 
 Wisconsin, where he was engaged in the drug 
 business twelve years. In 1 867 he removed to this 
 city and under the firm name of Treat, Holt and 
 Company, began dealing in furniture, and at the 
 end of one year closed out, and was employed by 
 the Elevator Company, where he has since re- 
 mained. He was married to Miss Anna Tilley 
 of New Jersey, in 1843. Children: Carrie W., 
 now wife of George H. Eastman; ]SIinnie Y., 
 wife of r. B. Felt; and Hudson K. who died at 
 tlie age of eight years. 
 
 Henry Honkomp, proprietor of the Mmneap- 
 
 olis Cotton Mill, came to this city in January, 
 1877, from Chicago, and has Ijeen engaged in the 
 manufacture of seamless bags, carpet warp, etc. 
 since his locating at the foot of Sixth Avenue 
 south. 
 
 Frank Hopper was born at Oswego, New York, 
 May 29th, 1853. He came to McLeod county, 
 Minnesota, in 1857, where he remained two years, 
 removing thence to Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin. 
 Two years later lie went to Wavtrly and rented 
 a mill which he had in control eight months, 
 when he again changed his location to Le Sueur 
 and worked in different mills until 1876. He lo- 
 cated in Minjieapolis in the spring of 1878, and 
 has since been employed at the Anchor mill. He 
 was married June 3d, 1878, to Miss Estella 
 Chance, who bore him one child, Albert. 
 
 Frank J. Horan, a native of Ireland, was born 
 in Galway, March, 1847. He came to this coun- 
 try in 1866, and remained in New York city three 
 years, then came to Minneapolis, and has since 
 been engaged in business as merchant tailor. He 
 began business with very small capital, but by 
 perseverance and hard work lie has risen and now 
 has an extensive business, employing thirty per- 
 sons. Iilr. Iloraii was married in 1878, to Maggie 
 Mahoney. 
 
 Mrs. J. W. Horan is proprietress of the Milwau- 
 kee House, situated at 112 Second street south. 
 This house was built by Mr. J. W. Horan, in 1867, 
 who was its proprietor until November 6th, 1874, 
 when he died. His widow has since taken charge 
 of the house, which has seventeen rooms, with 
 office, parlor, dining-room and kitchen on first 
 floor. 
 
 W. H. Ilorner was bom in Washington county. 
 Indiana, February 28th, 1848. He accompanied 
 his parents to Scott county, Minnesota, in 1854, 
 and remained witli them, on the farm, until he 
 reached manhood. In 1868 he removed to North- 
 field and learned milling, remaining one and one- 
 half years, when he went to Marsluill, Lyon 
 county, and took a claim, on whicli he lived two 
 years. He then £ame to Minneapolis in Septem- 
 ber, 1873, and engaged with C. A. Pillsbury, where 
 he remained three years, then went to Chippewa 
 Falls, Wisconsin, returning the next year and 
 again was employed by Pillsbury as packer. He 
 was married to Miss Dora La Eoy in August, 
 1876. Their children are William B. and Bessie.
 
 566 
 
 HISTOBY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 J. W. Horton, a native of England, was born 
 March 23d, 1842. He came to the I'nited States 
 in 1850, locating at Minnetonka, Minnesota. He 
 farmed nntil 18G1 . when he enlisted in the United 
 St<ites Sharp Sliooters, serving two and one-half 
 years. After his discharge he located at Colum- 
 bus. Ohio, remaining three years. In 1867, he 
 came to this city, and practiced as a veterinary 
 sm-geon. From July, 1875, until August, 1880, 
 he was driver of hose carriage No. 2. He was 
 married April 17th, 1871, to Miss Julia A. Hoy. 
 Their only child living is Frankie. 
 
 O. Ilovelson was born February 23d. 1837, and 
 is a native of Norway. He there passed his 
 youth and learned his trade, that of shoe- 
 maker. He came to the United States in 1868, 
 working at his trade in ilenomonee, Wisconsin, 
 and other places until 1873, when he came to Min- 
 neapolis and after being employed by boot and 
 shoe firms five years, he opened a store of his own 
 and has continued in the same place since. He 
 was married in 1868, to Carrie Hanson of Norway. 
 They have four children. Oluf. Hannah, Hilda, 
 and Bernhard. 
 
 E. P. Howell was born in Allegheny county, 
 Pennsylvania. November 8th. 1839, where he re- 
 sided until 1867. He then removed to Minneapo- 
 lis and first engaged with "Walker and HefCel- 
 fliiger. boot and shoe dealers, in whose employ he 
 remained until 1873, when he became one of the 
 firm of Heffelfinger, Howell and Company, at 
 Eed "Wing, and resided there five years, when he 
 sold his interest to Mr. Kingman and opened an 
 establishment at his present location, 119 Nicollet 
 Avenue. He is doing a fine business, employhig 
 six men in the custom department. 
 
 Michael Hoy, special city detective, was born 
 near Phillipstown, Ireland. He came with his 
 parents to America, in March, 1853. He was first 
 employed as a stone cutter in New York, then 
 came west, locating at St. Anthony in 1857, and 
 labored on the stone work of the State Universi- 
 tj'. He continued at his ti-ade until the fall of 
 1859, when he went to Louisiana as foreman on 
 the levees of the Mississippi river. The next year 
 he returned to St. Anthony and took the contract 
 for building the East Side Irish Catholic Church. 
 He enlisted in the Tenth Minnesota ^'olun- 
 teers and was commissioned second lieutenant by 
 Governor Eamsey. He went with Sibley's expe- 
 
 dition across the plains in 1863, and during the 
 trip encountered the Sioux Indians at different 
 places. At the battle of Nashville, December 
 15th and 16th, 1864, where he was in command 
 of company "K," he was wounded and was 
 honorably discharged April, 1865, on account of 
 his wounds. He returned to his home and in 
 1867 was elected city marshal of St. Anthony, 
 serving seven years, until the consolidation of the 
 two cities, since which he has been a member of 
 the police force, serving as captain and chief. At 
 present he is the city detective, which office was 
 created for him by the council. He was married 
 in October, 1860, to Miss Catherine Qualy, at St. 
 Anthony. They have had twelve children, seven 
 of whom are living. 
 
 "WiUiam Hoy, a native of Ireland, was born 
 June 25th, 1835. He lived in his native place 
 until fifteen years of age. In 1850 he came to 
 America, locating at Brooklyn, where he resided 
 two years, engaged in marble-cutting. He then 
 removed to Otsego, New York, where he remained 
 three years. In 18.55 he came to Minnesota, lo- 
 cating at St. Anthony, and teamed from that city 
 to Little Falls with supplies. Three years later 
 he was employed as assistant wagon-master by 
 the government, on the Spirit Lake expedition 
 j against the Indians. In 1862 he joined the Tenth 
 ' Minnesota, serving under General Sibley against 
 the Indians, at Mankato. Two years after, he 
 began the house-moving business, in which he 
 has continued. He was married August 26th, 
 1859, to Mrs. Mary Kelly, a native of Ireland, by 
 whom he has nine children : John, Kosanna, 
 Willie, Agnes, Joseph, Thomas, Edward, George, 
 and Christopher. 
 
 II. J. Hughes is a native of Wales, and was 
 born in 1846. He came to America, locating in 
 Columbia county, Wisconsin, where he remained 
 seven years, then removed to Blue Earth county, 
 MiiHiesota. He came to this city in the fall of 
 1873, and worked in Symes" barrel factory for two 
 years and has since then been in the coopering 
 business. Since June, 1878, he has been with the 
 Co-operative Barrel Company. He was married 
 in 1878, to Jiliss Anna McCormick, They reside 
 at 1225 Ninth street south, 
 
 Thomas S. Hughes was born in Tipperary, 
 Ireland, in 1829. His father died when he 
 was eight years of age, when he, ^ith his moth-
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL. 
 
 567 
 
 er and three sisters, went to Liverpool, Eng- 
 land, there serving an apprenticeship of five years 
 as stone-mason and brirli-layer. In 1852 he was 
 married, and with wife and mother came to 
 America, locating at Cincinnati, Ohio. He 
 worked at his trade five years, four of which 
 were in the employ of tlie Little Miami Railroad 
 Company. In 1857, he removed to Faribault, 
 Minnesota, thence to Hastings, and after making 
 the latter place his liome seven years, removed to 
 Le Sueur county, on a farm. He came to Minne- 
 apolis in 1866, and has since resided here, engag- 
 ing in the pursuit of his trade, under the direction 
 of George McMullin. Mr. Huglies was married 
 in 1852 to Miss Sarah Jones, wlio has borne him 
 five children: Susan S., Edmond S., Katie E. S., 
 Elizabeth S., and Thomas S., Jr. 
 
 James Hull was born December 15th, 1836. and 
 is a native of Nova Scotia. He came to the 
 United States in April, 1854. He worked at ship- 
 building for thirteen years at Boston, New York, 
 Philadelphia, and Wilmington, Delaware. He 
 next was employed in building sleeping coaches 
 for the Jackson and Sharp Car Company, remain- 
 ing with them three years, when he went to Du- 
 luth, and was in the employ of the railroad com- 
 pany, building a depot and elevator. He remained 
 one year, then came to Minneapolis, engaged as a 
 mill-wright, in the different mills of the city. 
 After the explosion, Messrs. Hull and Parker re- 
 built the Pillsbiiry, Anchor and Empire mills, 
 also the new elevator, in 1879, in company witli 
 L. C. Bisbee. He married Miss Jennie M. Brown, 
 in 1868. They have two children living: Harry 
 A. and Meta. 
 
 H. II. Humphrey was born in Lorain county, 
 Ohio, September 16th, 1844. He came to Minne- 
 sota in 1854, and engaged in farming in Rice 
 county; thence to this city in 1870, and has since 
 made tliis his home. He was in the employ of 
 Mr. Bidwell until he entered into partnership with 
 Daggett and Bidwell. He was married in Au- 
 gust, 1864, to Miss Rosie Bidwell. 
 
 B. Hunt was born at Baden, Germany, June 
 7th, 1834. He came to the United States, in 
 1854, locating at Lansing, Iowa, and engaged in 
 milling until 1866, when he came to this city. 
 Here he engaged In milling one year, when he 
 was appointed on the police force, where he served 
 until 1878, except two years on account of sick- 
 
 ness. On retiring from the force, he removed to 
 Oregon, and once more engaged as a miller, and 
 as such, remained until August, 1880, wlien 
 he returned to this city and became the proprie- 
 tor of the Hennepin Honse,214 First street north. 
 He was married to Margaret Hirt in 1860. They 
 have tliree cliildren living, Peter B., Kate, and 
 Bernard X. Mr. Hunt also owns tlie building on 
 Plymouth Avenue, occupied as the Bethany 
 Home, which he erected in 1868. 
 
 Samuel Hunter was born in Glasgow. Scotland. 
 He came to tlie United States in 1852. located at 
 Providence, Rhode Island, where lie learned the 
 trade of plumber and gasfltter. Five years later 
 he removed to Chicago, thence to St. Louis, in 
 1850, where he resided until the first call for vol- 
 unteers, when he enlisted in the Tliird Missouri 
 Infantry. At the expiration of five months, he 
 entered the United States Navy, and was attached 
 to the navy yards at Cairo and Mound City, Illi- 
 nois, until the close of hostilities. He came from 
 St. Louis to this city in 1867; he returned three 
 years later to St. Louis, wliere he remained three 
 years, then came to this city and located. He 
 was the first plumber here, and at that time were 
 neither gas nor water-works. He was married in 
 1861, to Miss Rose Burns, of St. Louis. They 
 are parents of four children living, Andrew W., 
 Jessie, John B., and Samuel. 
 
 George H. Huntington was born in Green Lake 
 county, Wisconsin, in 1848. He attended the 
 district schools until 1864, when he came west 
 with his parents, locating in Dodge county, Min- 
 nesota. For five years he attended the North- 
 western College, and taught school, when he came 
 to Minneapolis, engaged in the ice business with 
 Roberts and Lum. In the fall of the same year, 
 he was employed on the Chicago, Milwaukee and 
 St. Paul Railroad as brakeman; he served in diff- 
 erent positions in railroading, and was also in the 
 coopering business until 1878, when he opened 
 and conducted the Bushnell House on Fourth 
 street, Minneapolis. In May, 1880, he was ap- 
 pointed on the police force, and is yet serving. 
 He was married in 1878, to Miss Sarah Erickson, 
 of North Branch, Minnesota. 
 
 James Huntington was born in Canada East, 
 May 29th, 1818. He came to Dodge county, Min- 
 nesota, in 1864. While there built a fiouring
 
 568 
 
 HISTOBY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 mill, of which he t\as proprietor three years. 
 In 1869 he bought the Buslmell House in this 
 city, of which he was proprietor until 1876 ; he 
 then removed to Hinckley, Minnesota, but re- 
 turned to this city two years later. He 
 then rented the Sixth Avenue House, where he 
 has since been. He was married in 1846, at 
 Lowell, Massachusetts, to Jliss Rachel C. Bur- 
 bank, a native of A'ermont. Their children are: 
 George H.. James H., Abbie H., and Alice H. C. 
 
 James F. Huston, a native of New Brunswick, 
 was born May 11th, 1830. He came to Minne- 
 apolis in 1865 and for four years had charge of 
 the Monitor Plow Works. In 1S70 he formed 
 partnership with Mr. McCrimmon, with the firm 
 name of Huston and McCrimmon, wliich was dis- 
 solved in one year. He pursued his calling initil 
 1874 in this city, when he removed to Eagle Har- 
 bor, Michigan, where for three years he was in 
 the employ of the government making improve- 
 ments in the harbor. In June, 1879, he returned 
 to this city and has since been in the pursuit of 
 his trade. He married Miss Anna Hannes, in 
 1869. They have five children livmg: Nicholas, 
 Mary J., Anna, Sarah and James. 
 
 E. A. Hutchins, M. D., was born in Vermont, 
 November 14th, 1838. His education was secured 
 at different schools and Fort Edward Institute, 
 New York ; he studied at Plattsburg, Burlington, 
 Vermont, and at Berkshire JSIedical College, at 
 Pittsfield, ^Massachusetts. He practiced in St. 
 Lawrence coimty. New York, until tlie spring of 
 1878, when he came to this city and is now per- 
 manently located here. He was a member of the 
 St. Lawrence County Medical Association and is 
 now a member of the State ^Medical Society. He 
 w'as married in 1863 ; his wife died leaving one 
 daughter, Jennie C. In 1867 he re-married and 
 has one daughter by his second wife, Gabrielle E. 
 
 George E. Iluy was born in Steuben county, 
 New York, in 1819. He remained at the old 
 homestead until 1851, when he came west, locat- 
 ing at Long Prairie, Minnesota, in 1852, and the 
 next year removed to iSIinneapolis and engaged 
 in lumbering ; it was he who sawed the first lum- 
 l)er on the west side. In 1854 he was elected 
 register of deeds and also served as superbitend- 
 ent of the Minneapolis Mill Company imtil 1857. 
 He was elected justice of the peace in 1858, and 
 about that time built and had charge of a planmg 
 
 mill in company with R. P. Russell, on the site of 
 tlie present Model mill. In 1861 be built the 
 Dakotii tlouring mill and took as partner O. B. 
 King ; in 1866 Mr. Huy became sole owner and 
 eight years after, sold to S. S. Brown and com- 
 pany. On account of failing health he went to 
 the Black Hills, where he engaged in mining. 
 He married Miss Mary Ticknor, who died a few 
 years after, leaving one daughter, Mary E. He 
 was again married, to Miss Caroline Taylor, who 
 bore him five sons, aU residents of this city: 
 George L., Frank, Albert, Arthur and Douglass. 
 
 L. Mell Hyde was born at Almond, New York, 
 in 1824. He came to Minneapolis in 1857, and 
 published the Minnesota Beacon, a temperance 
 paper, and afterwards the Rural ^Minnesotian, 
 which was devoted to agriculture, also to the 
 temperance work. In the years of 1858,' 59, and 
 '60, he held the position of Grand Secretary of 
 tlie Good Templars, and was again elected as 
 such in 1880. His profession was tliat of house 
 painting and wood engraving in which he con- 
 tinued eight years, then engaged in wood engrav- 
 ing only, at 222, Hennepui Avenue. He mar- 
 ried Miss Annie H. Goodrich in 1860. They 
 are parents of two children: William L. and 
 Grace F. 
 
 Valentine G. llush was born in Licking 
 county, Ohio, in 1842. In 1867, he took the ad- 
 vice offered to young men by Horace Greely, and 
 came west, locating in Minneapolis. For two 
 years he was engaged as clerk, and during that 
 time was married to Florence M., daughter of 
 Jiulge W. W. Woods, of Marysville, Ohio. In 
 1869, he, in company with three other gentlemen, 
 started the City Bank, and three years later, he 
 establislied V. G. Hush's Bank, in which he has 
 since continued. Mr. Hush has been connected 
 \\ith banking since boyhood, having never been 
 engaged in any other business. The names of 
 his cliildren are: Estelle Woods, Harriet Louise, 
 Jane Mary, Florence Belle, and William Woods. 
 
 John Corrin Hutchinson was born on the Isle 
 of Man, England, May 11th, 1840. He emigra- 
 ted to America with his mother in 1867. He 
 first worked on a farm near Red Wing for two 
 years, then taught in a district school for one 
 year. Mr. Hutchinson then entered the Uni- 
 versity in 1870, and by his energy and persever- 
 ance, working at whatever he could get to do,
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL. 
 
 569 
 
 pushed his way througli the institution, taking a 
 complete classical course, and graduating in 1876. 
 During the junior year he taught in the St. Paul 
 high school. After graduating lie was employed 
 as instructor of Greek and Latin in the Univers- 
 ity. In 1880 Mr. Hutchinson was appointed as- 
 sistant professor of Greek, which position he now 
 occupies. He was raarded in 1876, to Miss L. D. 
 Hinckley, daughter of J. B. Hinckley, one of the 
 earliest settlers in Minneapolis. They have 
 three cliildren, Effie II., Drusilla and Ruth. 
 
 Rev. Dr. Henry Iliowizi was born ui Russia, 
 January, 1851, w-here he attended school until 
 sixteen years of age, pursuing rabbinical studies. 
 He then left for Germany, spending two years 
 under the auspices of Dr. Baerwald; thence to 
 the Jewish seminary in Berlin, under tlie care of 
 the celebrated Honviz, remaining with him for 
 three years ; from there to the theological semi- 
 nary at Breslau, for over one year. Was then 
 called to London by the Anglo-Jewish Associa- 
 tion, to acquire a knowledge of the English lan- 
 guage and popular science, for the purpose of vis- 
 iting the East as a teacher and director of a 
 school. From London he was sent to Paris, for 
 the pm-pose of learning the French language, at 
 the same time studying Spanish. After remain- 
 ing in Paris fifteen months, he proceeded to Af- 
 rica, for the purpose of managing a school for 
 children at Tetuan, remaining there for seventeen 
 months, battling with the cholera, famine, and 
 the barbarisms of the uncivilized natives, whose 
 great or chief mark of honor was to kill an infi- 
 del, for such they called all who came to civilize 
 them. From that point he crossed to Gibralter, 
 remaining there for one year, instructing the 
 youth, preaching in the synagogue, and giving 
 lectures. From there he proceeded to America, 
 landing in New York, July 20th, ISso, remaining 
 in the city for a few days, tlien going to Harris- 
 sonburgh,Virginia,to ofliciate during the holidays. 
 So satisfactory were his labors that they invited 
 him to become their resident pastor ; but a differ- 
 ence arising upon the day of worship, which was 
 not in keeping with the Jewish Sabbath, he, in a 
 scholarly letter, clothed in kind and courte- 
 ous language, declined the offer, and left for Chi- 
 cago, Illinois, where he preached one sermon, 
 to the entire satisfaction of the congregation ; but 
 the Portuguese pronunciation which he gave them 
 
 did not agree with their German pronunciation. 
 Bidding them good-bye, he left for Cincinnati, 
 spending two or three weeks with Rev. Dr. J. M. 
 Wise, who advised him of the necessity of the 
 Hebrew Reformed congregation of ilinneapolis, 
 to which place he immediately came, and received 
 a unanimous call, which he accepted, and is now 
 in full charge, very much to the satisfaction of 
 all. 
 
 B. F. Inks, a native of Brandonville, Preston 
 county. West Virginia, was l)orn July 7th, 1855, 
 and in November, 1857. accompanied his father 
 to Minneapolis. With the exception of two 
 years in the grocery store of Bradley and Branch, 
 Mr. Inks has always worked at carpentering, be- 
 ing employed by other parties until November, 
 1880, when the firm of Stranahan and Inks, con- 
 tractors and builders, was formed. 
 
 C. H. Ireland was born June 19th, 1836, at 
 Dexter, Maine, and came to this city in 1876. 
 Mr. Ireland is an old hotel man, havinj had sev- 
 eral years experience in the business while in 
 Maine. In 1880 he rented the Fewer House at 
 215 Second street south; it is of brick, and three 
 stories high. Mr. Ireland keeps a strictly tem- 
 perance house. Ilis marriage with Sarah Lang- 
 don, of Hyde Park, Massachusetts, took place 
 June 1st, 1870. In June, 1874, she died, leaving 
 one child, Clarence (J. 
 
 C. Jacobson, a native of Norway, was born 
 August 9th, 1835. He emigrated to the United 
 States in November, 1868, and first settled at Red 
 Wing, Minnesota. In 1869 he removed to this 
 city, and worked at various lines of business un- 
 til July, 1878, when he embarked ui the grocery 
 trade; he owns the jiroperty where he is now lo- 
 cated, at 1314 Fourth street south, and is doing a 
 prosperous business. In January, 1862, he mar- 
 ried Sigrid Engebretsen. They have five living 
 children: John, Laura, "Wolborg, Charlotte and 
 Jacob. 
 
 George G. Jacoby was born in 1838, in Germa- 
 ny. He moved to New York in 1859, remained 
 two years, and in 1861 enlisted in the Fourteenth 
 New York volunteer militia, the first regiment 
 that enlisted to serve through the war, served 
 one year, and was discharged for disability. He 
 located in West A^irginia, and transacted a gen- 
 eral merchandise business until 1865, when he re- 
 turned to New York; after a thi-ee years' resi-
 
 570 
 
 HISTORY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 dence there, he went to Philadelphia, where for 
 nine years he was in the wholesale liciuor trade. 
 In 1877 he came to Minneapolis, and after abont 
 two years' experience in the clothing and mer- 
 chant tailoring business, returned to the wholesale 
 licpior trade. He was married April 18th, 1868, 
 to Fannie Miliols. 
 
 AV. H. Jacoby, photograph artist, was born at 
 Massillon, Ohio, May 24th, 1841. Since the early 
 age of fourteen he has studied the art, and now 
 stands in the front rank of photographers. In 
 1861 he opened a gallery at Dayton, Ohio, from 
 there he went to Springfield, thence to Xenia 
 and in 1866 removed to this city. He commenced 
 business here at the corner of Bridge square and 
 Second street, and about five years after, built 
 his present studio at 2.52 Nicollet Avenue. In 
 September, 1860, he mairied Louisa Stafford. 
 They have one child, Charles L. 
 
 Matthew Jarvie, a native of Scotland, was 
 born December 18th, 1827. He came to the 
 United States in 1855, and settled in Berkshire 
 county, Massachusetts, where he worked at the 
 woolen manufacturing business; he moved from 
 that county in 1857, and continued the same pur- 
 suit at various places. In 1871 he came here 
 and was at once engaged as superintendent of the 
 weaving department of the Xorth Star Woolen 
 Mills. This position he resigned in 1873, and 
 entered the grocery trade in which he is meeting 
 with success: he owns the property where he is 
 now located, No. 1329, Fourth street south. 
 His wife was Miss M. Jarvie, whom he married 
 in 18.55. 
 
 Thomas Jeffery, a native of England, was born 
 September 16th, 1845, in Derbyshire. In 
 October, 1865, he came to the United States 
 and lived in New York city until 1875, when he 
 removed to Minneapolis and started in the carpet 
 business; first alone, then as Kenyon and Jeffery, 
 and now tlie firm name is T. Jeffery and Com- 
 pany. Their place of business is No. 225 Nicol- 
 let Avenue. He was married in 1869, to Miss 
 M. B. Hague of England; the fruits of this union 
 were four cliildren, only one of whom survives: 
 John Arthur, aged seven years. 
 
 G. A. Jenks, born at 'Watertown, Jefferson 
 county, New York, in 1826. He removed to 
 AVorcester, Massachusetts, in 1846, and was em- 
 ployed in the manufacture of machinery, with 
 
 L. and A. G. Coes; after about two years he was 
 given the general management of the financial 
 department; he was with this firm ten years. 
 In 1856 he went to St. Louis, Missouri, and ac- 
 cepted a similar position in the wholesale diy 
 goods establisliment of Pittman Brothers. In 
 1860 he came to Minnesota, and in 1862 was ap- 
 pointed reimblicau commissioner to go into the 
 army and take the vote of soldiers; and in 1865 
 was at Prairie du Chien, in the quartermaster's 
 department. He engaged in the manufacture of 
 barrels, for a time, at Excelsior, and in 1872, 
 came to Minneapolis; he worked for different 
 firms until September 1st, 1878, since which time 
 he has been employed by Eraser and Shepherd as 
 general book-keeper. In 1846 he married Pam- 
 elia Lockwood. They have one child: Arthur, 
 who is now assistant train dispatcher for the 
 Minneapolis and St. Louis Railway. 
 
 A. W. Jewett, a native of Maine was born in 
 June, 1840, at Aurora. His fatlier was a black- 
 smith and so he commenced learning that trade 
 as soon as he was large enough to hold a hammer, 
 and has continued in the business since. In 
 April, 1869, he came to this city and is now a 
 member of the firm of Myers and Jewett. De- 
 cember 11th, 1872, Mr. Jewett married Anna Mc- 
 Causland. They have two sons: Ira and Leon. 
 
 A. M. Johnson, a native of Ohio, was born JNIay 
 29th, 1849, in Logan county. He accompanied 
 his parents to Minneapolis in 1866, and attended 
 school here three years. Until 1872 he worked 
 witli his father at building, and then started in 
 the milling lousiness at the "Old City Mill," where 
 he remained three years ; he then w-ent to the 
 Pettit mill where he is still employed. Mr. John- 
 son's marriage with Miss Clarinda Scott occurred 
 October 11th, 1874. Two children have been 
 born to them: Nellie and Gertrude. 
 
 Asa E. Johnson, M. D., was born at Bridge- 
 water, Oneida county. New York, March 16th, 
 1825. He first studied medicine in 1849 with Dr. 
 Kellog, a homeopathic physician ; then stuiUed 
 three years, in Otsego county, with Dr. Erastus 
 King; afterward, he became dissatisfied with his 
 homeopathic experience and attended two courses 
 of lectures at the State University of New York, 
 where he graduated March 16th, 1851. The fol- 
 lowing >Iay he went to 15eloit, Wisconsin, and 
 practiced there until May, 1853, then removed to
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL. 
 
 571 
 
 St. Anthony. Dr. Johnson is the oldest practic- 
 ioner in the city. lie was married Marcli 16th, 
 18.53, to Hannali Russel, of Wisconsin. Tliey 
 are tlie parents of one child, Roesina. 
 
 The Dr. was county physician for one year, and 
 on the board of liealth two years. It was lie wlio 
 suggested tlie organization of the Minnesota 
 Academy of natural sciences, now located in this 
 city; he was the first president of that institution 
 and lield the office four years. He has served on 
 committees of various natural sciences, entomo- 
 logy, comparative anatomy, geology and crypto- 
 gamic botany; he classified and identified eight 
 hundred species in mycological botany. Among 
 the classifications, the Dr. is the discoverer of 
 seventeen new species, peculiar to this state; some 
 of them have been confirmed by such liigli au- 
 tliority as Professor Peck, state botanist of Kew 
 York; he also discovered at Palmer Lake mound, 
 Brooklyn, Minnesota, the skeleton of a mound 
 builder; this curiosity is now in the Minnesota 
 Academy of Natural Sciences. 
 
 Charles W. Johnson was born in Belleville, St. 
 Clair county, Illinois, March ITtli, 1843. He re- 
 ceived an high school education at his native 
 place, and learned tlie printer's trade at intervals 
 between the terms of school. lie came to Min- 
 nesota in 1860 and worked on a farm and taught 
 school two years ; enlisted in the Sixth Minneso- 
 ta and served over tliree years. At the close of 
 the war he returned to Minneapolis, taught scliool 
 and finally resumed his business of setthig type, 
 drifting naturally into newspajier work in the ca- 
 pacity of correspondent, reporter and editor on 
 various city papers, lie was elected and served 
 one year as city clerk. In 1873 he was elected 
 assistiuit secretary of the state senate and tlie fol- 
 lowing year was elected secretary of tliat l)oily 
 and for six years afterwards performed the duties 
 of that office. In 1880 he was appointed super- 
 visor of the census in tlie second census district 
 of Minnesota. During the winter of 1881 he was 
 engaged as the AVashington correspondent of the 
 Pioneer-Press, and received the republican nomi- 
 nation for chief clerk of the United States senate. 
 He has been engaged actively in politics of Min- 
 nesota as a republican for many years, and has 
 been secretary of the state central committee and 
 of the republican central committee for the Third 
 congressional district. His family consists of his 
 
 wife, the daughter of J. D. Rich, Esq., and two 
 promising children. 
 
 David B. Jolinson, a native of Winchester, 
 Gurnsey county, Ohio, was born August 7th, 
 1852. When seventeen years of age, he went to 
 Muskingum College in New Concord, Ohio, and 
 remained there aliout two years; he tlien attended 
 the Geneva institute for the same length of time. 
 At the age of twenty-one, he l>egan"the study of 
 law with Milton Barnes at Cambridge, Ohio, and 
 later with Amos Coggswell, of Owatonna, Min- 
 nesota. He was admitted to the bar in Febru- 
 ary, 1S76, and practiced law at Owatonna three 
 years, then came to this city and has since re- 
 sided here. He married Miss Carrie M. Johnson 
 at Owatonna, June 27th, 1877. Tliey have one 
 child, Antoinette. 
 
 C.Johnson was born in Sweden,September 12lh, 
 1847. He emigrated to America in 1868, and 
 after a short stay in Kansas, he removed to Good- 
 hue county, Minnesota, where he remained until 
 1872. He then came to Minneapolis and engaged 
 in the grocery liusiness in which he continued 
 until becoming a member of the firm of Ryberg 
 and Company in the Stockholm meat market. 
 He was married in 1880 to Anna Peterson, of 
 Sweden. 
 
 r. A. Johnson was born in Sweden in 1849. 
 He emigrated to the United States in 1871, and 
 located in Minneapolis. For five years he was 
 with the American Express Company, and since 
 that time has been in the hotel business. He has 
 been proprietor of the Swea House since Septem- 
 ber, 1879. It is located at 723 Washington Av- 
 enue south. His marriage with Lena Cornell oc- 
 curred in June, 1880. 
 
 George H. Johnson was born in Norway. He 
 came with his parents to America in 1850, and 
 settled in Cook county, Illinois. In 1862 he en- 
 listed in the First Illinois Artillery. He served 
 most of tlie time with the army of the Cumber- 
 land, and was ui the l)attlesof Chickamauga, Stone 
 River, Lookout Mountain, Mission Ridge, and 
 otliers. He also accompanied Sherman as far as At- 
 lanta on his march to the sea. He was mustered 
 out ill July, 1865, and came to this city in the au- 
 tumn following. He worked in the lupiber mills 
 for a time, and then went on tlie police force. 
 Mr. Johnson was elected sheriff in 1870-72-74, and 
 •went to the legislature in 1876. In May, 1877, he
 
 572 
 
 HISTORY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 was appointed deputy sheriff, and has since con- 
 tinued to fill that office. His wife was An- 
 nie Sheridan, of Anoka. She has borne him five 
 children. Those living are : George and Xellie. 
 
 J. W. .Johnson was born May 2d, 1825, in 
 Franklin county. Xew York. He learned the 
 contracting and building business, and worked in 
 that line until 1857, when he engaged in mer- 
 cantile business. In August, 1864, he moved to 
 Ked Wing. Minnesota, and in 1868 came to Min- 
 neapolis, lie was in the dry goods trade here 
 imtil September, 1869, when he took charge of 
 the North Star Iron Works, then located in St. 
 Anthony, but removed to the west side, and 
 greatly enlarged in 1870. In 1872 he bought one- 
 fourth interest in the works, and in 1874 twught 
 the other three-fourths, and conducted the busi- 
 ness until 1880, when he retired from active busi- 
 ness. January, 1881, he was elected president of 
 tlie City Bank. Mr. Johnson has been married 
 twice ; his first wife was ilartlia Walker. The 
 second wife. Mrs. Malinda Eoman. has borne him 
 tteee children : Annie, Frederick, and Walter. 
 
 K. Johnson, a native of Norway, was born in 
 1844. He emigrated to the United States in 1868, 
 and ten years later came to ^linneapolis. He is 
 engaged as mill-wright at the lumber mill of P. 
 G. Lamoreaux, and resides at 203 Third street 
 north. 
 
 Peter Johnson, a native of Sweden, was born 
 July 12th, 1845. He attended school until 1861. 
 then followed farming until 1SG6. when he came 
 to America; he first located in AVright county, 
 Minnesota, and in May. 1867. came to this city; 
 he worked as an apprentice at the mason's trade 
 until 1870. then worked five years as journey- 
 man, and since 1875 has been contracting. Mr. 
 Johnson still retains his old homestead in Wright 
 county. He was married August 3d, 1873, to 
 Miss Christina Swedeburg; they reside at 507 
 Fourth street north. Two childi'en have been 
 born to them: Carrolton and John Edward. 
 
 W. H. Johnson was born October 5th, 1825. at 
 Ogdensburg. New York. At the age of nine- 
 teen years commenced lumbering; in 1849 he 
 went to Wisconsin, bought 160 acres of land, and 
 after the heavy work of clearing was done, he 
 run, in connection with his farm, a saw-mill and 
 lumbering business. Mr. Johnson hauled a por- 
 tion of the rolling stock for the Chicago and 
 
 North-western railway from Sheboygan to Fond 
 du Lac, a distance of forty-one miles, on a plank- 
 road, using eight teams; he drew an engine en- 
 tire. In June. 1864, he came to Minneapolis, and 
 had charge of Monison's saw-mill until 1879, 
 when he was elected superintendent of the wa- 
 ter-works. He was councilman four consecutive 
 years, and went to the legislature in 1877-"78. 
 He married Miss Sarah Lyman, of Jefferson 
 coimty, New York, March 11th, 1847. Their 
 children are Jasper and Sumner. Mr. Johnson 
 and family reside at 1229 Eighth street south. 
 
 Joseph Jonas, a native of Prussia, was bom 
 June 16th. 1848. He came to the United States 
 in 1872. and lived in St. Louis, Missouri, until 
 the following year, when he came to Minneapolis, 
 and has since been engaged in the sale stable 
 business. In 1880 he started a gi'ocery and gen- 
 eral merchandise store at his present location. No. 
 420 Plymouth Avenue. Mr. Jonas married, in 
 1879, Caroline Sternberg, of Pnissia. 
 
 J. G. Jones was born in Washington comity, 
 Maine. He came to Minneapolis in 1857, and 
 went into the clothing busmess in company with 
 his father. In 1861 he enlisted in the Third Min- 
 nesota "N'ohmteers. and served four years. He 
 participated in the battle of Murfreesboro, the 
 seige of "Mcksburg and the capture of Little 
 Kock; he then came to Minnesota and took part 
 in the war against the Sioux Indians ; he was at 
 the battle of Wood Lake where three hundred 
 Indians were captured, thirty-eight of whom met 
 the death penalty on the scaffold at Mankato in 
 1862. On being mustered out of service he re- 
 turned to ilinneapoUs, and was elected county 
 treasurer while absent on his wedding tour. This 
 oflice he held four years. Since 1870 he has been 
 engaged in the logging business. He now has 
 lumber yards at the corner of Washington Ave- 
 nue and Tenth street north. In 1866 he married 
 Anna Harrison. They have two children: Carrie 
 and Harrison. 
 
 Edwin Smith Jones, president of the Hennepin 
 Coimty Savings Baidi, was bom June 8d, 1828, at 
 Chaplin. Windham coimtj", Connecticut. He re- 
 ceived such education as the schools of his native 
 town afforded, and attended two terms at the 
 Monson Academy, Massachusetts. After com- 
 pleting his academical studies he began the study 
 of law ui the office of Hon. J. H. Carpenter, at
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL. 
 
 573 
 
 WlllimanticConnecticut. Having finished bis pro- 
 fessional course lie wished to explore the rich and 
 fertile lands of the west, which were only waiting 
 to reward the toil of those industrious ones who 
 were willing to work. He accordingly carried out 
 his plans in 18o4, coming to seek a home and for- 
 tune in Minnesota. Finding Minneapolis a de- 
 sirable place in which to locate, he entered the 
 law office of Hon. Isaac At water to complete his 
 reading. He was admitted to the bar in 18.55 and 
 continued with Mr. Atwater until 1857, and after- 
 wai-ds alone. The next year, 1858, he was elected 
 to the ofBce of probate judge, in which he con- 
 tinued until 1861. In 18fi3 he entered the Union 
 army and was commissioned captaui and commis- 
 sary of subsistence in the department of the gidf, 
 an office which he retained to 1866, when he re- 
 turned to ^linneapolis and resumed the practice 
 of his profession. During the years of 1866-7 he 
 was chairman of the county lioard of supervisors. 
 Continuing to practice until 1870. Judge Jones 
 accepted the position he now occupies, president 
 of the bank. In 1873-4 he was a member of the 
 city council. Since 1860 he has been connected 
 with the Masonic fraternity. He and his wife 
 are members of Plymouth Church in this city. He 
 was married in September, 1853, to Miss Harriet 
 M., daughter of Whitman and Harriet James of 
 his native town, and lost his wife twelve years 
 later. He was married again in September, 
 1866, at Minneapolis, to Miss Abigal J. James, 
 sister of his first wife. She died in April, 1872. 
 In May, 1877, at Goffetown, New Hampshire, 
 Mr. Jones was wedded to Miss Susan C, daughter 
 of Charles and Susan C. Stinson. His children 
 living are: Edwin S., Jr., Ellen, David P. and 
 William O. 
 
 R. F. Jones, born in St. Lawrence county. 
 New York, September 25th, 1852. He came to 
 Minneapolis in 1875, and since then has been a 
 wholesale and retail dealer in oysters, fish, game, 
 etc., at his place of business, No. 306 Hennepin 
 Avenue. The wholesale trade is very extensive; 
 shipments being made throughout Minnesota, 
 Wisconsin, Iowa, and the north-western territo- 
 ries. He is the originatcn- of the bi-and of oysters 
 known as the Gold Seal; they are packed and 
 shipped to him by his branch house in Baltimore, 
 Maryland. IMr. .Jones family consists of a wife 
 and one child. 
 
 W. H. Jones, born in Wales, May 1st, 1845. 
 In the spring of 1857, he accompanied his parents 
 to America, and lived witli then on a farm in 
 Columbia county, Wisconsin, until 1866, w'hen he 
 went to Green Lake county, and for two seasons 
 was in the agricultural implement business; then 
 be was employed one year as general agent for a 
 Milwaukee firm, and afterward with E. H. Gam- 
 mon. In January, 1878, he established himself 
 in the agricultural implement business in this city. 
 He is now president of the Piano Manufacturing 
 Company of Piano, Illinois. He married Eliza- 
 beth Owens, September 18th, 1876. They have 
 three children, Hugh, William and Arthur. 
 
 Amos C. Jordan, managing editor of the Tri- 
 bune, was born in Eaton, Canada East, April 22d, 
 
 1842. He removed to Minnesota w itli his parents 
 in May, 1854, locating at Piu-gatory, four miles 
 from Excelsior in Hennepin coimty. In 1857, he 
 entered as an apprentice in the office of the St. 
 Anthony Express, then owned by Isaac Atwater. 
 In 1861, with four other compositors of thexitlas, 
 owned by W. S. King, he enlisted in the First 
 Minnesota Infantry, and in the absence of Jlr. 
 King at Washington, they closed the office. Re- 
 maining in the service continuously until Au- 
 gust, 1865, he returned to Minneapolis, and soon 
 afterward secured the position of telegrapli edi- 
 tor of the Daily Tribune. In 1872, he resigned, 
 and with Col. Lounsberry, founded the Bismarck 
 Tribune, of which he had entire editorial charge 
 during the first year. In 1874, he jouied as night 
 editor of the St. Paul Pioneer, owned by David 
 Blakeley. After the consolidation of the Pioneer 
 and the Press, he continued as night editor of the 
 consolidated concern until the purchase of the 
 Minneapolis Tribune by Mr. Blakeley, when he 
 once more returned to Minneapohs to assume the 
 duties of managing editor, which position e has 
 since held. Mr. Jordon has done more of edito- 
 rial service in Minneapolis than perhaps any 
 other person. His continuous service in respon- 
 sible positions on leading journals in the state, 
 amply testify to his capacity and ability. 
 
 R. W. Jordan, a native of Ohio, was born in 
 
 1843. In 18.')2 he went to Illinois, and in 1859 
 removed to Colorado, where he commenced busi- 
 ness as an architect. In 1871 he w'ent to Salt 
 Lake city, and remained one year, from there to 
 Chicago, and thence to Sedalia, Jilissouri. His
 
 574 
 
 HISTORY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 eye-sight failed and for a time he was obliged to 
 abandon his profession, but resumed it event- 
 ually, and in 1879, established his office hi Minne- 
 apolis. He was married in 1870 to Matilda 
 Lewis, who was the first graduate under Miss 
 Jones, who came from England to establisli the 
 Festalozzian system of education. Mrs. Jordan 
 was the founder of Trenton Institute, of Trenton, 
 New Jersey. 
 
 John P. Joseph, born in Germany, February 
 22d, 1837. lie came to America in 1859, and 
 lived two yeai-s in New York city; he then re- 
 sided in Ohio seven years, and at the expiration 
 of that time came to this city. In 1863 he en- 
 Msted in the Seventy-second Ohio; was shortly 
 after transferred to the mechanical department 
 of Franklin shops, at Nashville, Teimessee, and 
 remained there until the close of the war. In 
 1878 he commenced the business of bottling beer, 
 and since ISSO has also manufactured all kinds 
 of soda water, champagne, cider, seltzer-water, 
 etc.; his place of business is at the corner of Mar- 
 shall north-east and Thirteenth Avenue. JSIr. 
 Joseph was married in 1860, to Miss Katrina 
 Eeinhart. Thev have four children. 
 
 CHAPTER LXXX. 
 
 BIOGEAPniCAL, K, L AXD M. 
 
 John D. Kaestner was born October 21st, 1852, 
 in Sheboygan, Wisconsin. He moved to St. Paul 
 iu 1871; five years later he came to this city and 
 started in the shoe findings, hide and leather 
 business, at No. 228 Washington Avenue north. 
 He is doiug a prosperous trade here, and also acts 
 as agent for a Sheboygan firm, buying hides and 
 shipping to them. Mr. Kaestner was married in 
 1876 to Amelia Selsemeyer, of Wisconsin. They 
 are the parents of one child: Lillian. 
 
 J. Kantrowitz was bom Januarj- 1st, 1844, in 
 Gennany. He came to America in 1859, and lo- 
 cated in New York, where he was employed in a 
 mercantile house until 1861, when he went to 
 Troy and spent six years in the clothing business 
 with A. Ksensky Brothers. In the fall of 1880 
 
 he came here and established the Bay State one- 
 price clothing house, at 220 Hennepin Avenue, 
 where he is doing a thriving business. He was 
 married February 12th, 1865, to Pauline Cohen. 
 Their children are James. Isaac, Alexander, 
 Minnie, Rosa, Frank and Josephine. 
 
 Frederick Herman Karlson was born in Swe- 
 den in 1834; attended the Univereity of Stock- 
 holm a number of yeare, and was engaged as 
 missionary for a short time. He came to America 
 in 1S6S, settled in ^Mitchell county, Iowa, and the 
 following year removed to Fayette county. In 
 1870 he was ordained in La SaUe county, Illinois, 
 and at once commenced his ministerial labor in 
 Faj^ette county, Iowa. Came to Minneapolis in 
 1880 and took charge of St. Paul's church ; also 
 has a Norwegian congregation in St, Paul, which 
 he visits once in three months. Has three chil- 
 dren. Alma "\'ictoria, Agnes F. Louisa and Karl 
 Herman, born respectively in 1863, 1867 and 1873. 
 
 C. II. Keator came to Minnesota in 1856, lo- 
 cated at Greenwood, Hennepin county, and for 
 five years followed hunting and trapping. In 
 
 1861 he enlisted in the Mounted Rangers, and in 
 
 1862 m the Eighth Minnesota Volunteere. From 
 1865 until 1867 he was in the auction and com- 
 mission business, then he formed a partnership 
 with Mr. Snyder in the bill posting business; also 
 as caniere for the Mimieapolis Daily Tribune. In 
 1879 they sold the carrier busuiess. but still con- 
 tinue the bill posting. Their office is in the Trib- 
 une counting room. City hall. Mr. Keator mar- 
 ried ;Martha McLeod November 15th, 1864. 
 Their only child, Jessie, died at the age of two 
 yeai-s. 
 
 C. T. Keen was born September 21st. 1842, at 
 Calais, Maine. In 1865 he went to Oskosh, Wis- 
 consin, and was lumbering eight yeare, and two 
 years in the hotel business. In 1875 he removed 
 to this city, and followed carpentering until 
 March, 1880, when he became proprietor of the 
 Glyndon House, 219 Third street south. He was 
 married October 18th, 1875, to Miss Susanna 
 King, who has borne him one child, Daisy. 
 
 Matthias Kees, born in Prussia, September 27th, 
 1839. He came to America in 1856. and first set- 
 tled in Illinois, but soon moved to Marathon 
 comity, Wisconsin, and until 1859 was interested 
 in the lumber trade there. Then he returned to 
 Illinois, and remained until 1862, when he w'ent
 
 BIOOBAPHICAL. 
 
 575 
 
 to Racine, Wisconsin, and enlisted in the Eighth 
 Wisconsin Battery, light artillery. He was mus- 
 tered out in August, 1865. In >September of the 
 same year he came to this city, and worked as 
 clerk until 1869, when he started a grocery store. 
 He is now located at 328 First street north. In 
 1877 Mr. Kees was elected to the city council to 
 fill a vacancy caused by the resignation of Alder- 
 man Thompson, and in the spring of 1880 he 
 was again elected. In 1866 he married Susan 
 Knaeble. Seven children have been born to them. 
 Those living are : Clara, Susan, and Edwin. 
 
 Andrew Keim was born in Chillicothe, Ohio, 
 April 18th, 1859. In early youth he went to San- 
 dusky, and in 1868 removed to St. Cloud, Minne- 
 sota, where he learned harness-making. He came 
 to this city in 1877, and worked for George Thele 
 until November. 1880, when he started in busi- 
 ness with Mr. Arnoldy, at 120 Plymouth Avenue. 
 
 George Ilackett Keith was born in Orange 
 county, Vermont, May 4th, 1825. He attended 
 the district schools at home until sixteen years 
 of age, when he worked on a farm one season, 
 for seven dollars per month. He then went 
 to Meriden, New Hampshire, and passed four 
 years in studying and teaching. He removed 
 to Indianapolis, and engaged in teaching private 
 school one year, after which he was appointed su- 
 perintendent of the preparatory department of 
 the Franklin College, at Franklin, Indiana. He 
 continued his studies and attended lectures until 
 1852, when he graduated from the medical college 
 at Woodstock, ^'ermont. He moved to the city of 
 New York and began practice, paying considera- 
 ble attention to dentistry. In 1855 he came to 
 Minneapolis, and has since resided here, with the 
 exception of 1859-60, when he made a southern 
 trip. Dr. Keith commenced the practice of his 
 profession in this city, but turned his attention 
 almost wholly to dentistiy. He was a memijerof 
 the lirst state legislature, which met in 1858-9. 
 During the Indian war of 1862, he was surgeon 
 of the expedition sent to the relief of Fort Aber- 
 crombie. In 1863 he received the appointment of 
 provost marshal for the second district of Min- 
 nesota, and held the position until the close of 
 the war. In May, 1871, he was appointed post- 
 master, and re-appointed in 1875. He was mar- 
 ried July 2d, 1851, to Anna Judson, daughter of 
 Dr. Jonathan Going. She died in 1862. The 
 
 present Mrs. Keith was Henrietta, daughter of S. 
 A. and Dora Jewett. Their children are Walter, 
 Mabel, and Mary. 
 
 H. C. Keith, a native of Randolph, "Vermont, 
 was born in 1823. In 1841 he moved to Dover, 
 New Hampshire, and remained there three years 
 in the dry-goods and drug trade; he then ti'avel- 
 ed three years with Dr. Cutler, and in 1853 set- 
 tled in Minneapolis. He pre-empted what has 
 since been known as Falls City, now a part of 
 Minneapolis. Until 1877 he was contracting and 
 building; then he was in the real estate business 
 till 1877, when he went to Lake Minnetonka; he 
 spends his summers there, and will build a board- 
 ing house on Howard's Point. In 1844 he mar- 
 ried Ruth Canney, of Dover, New Hampshire. 
 Three children have been born to them. All are 
 now living in this city. 
 
 Albert A. Keith was born at Dover, New 
 Hampshire, January 30th, 1851. At the age of 
 three years he came with his parents to Minneso- 
 ta. They located on the bank of the river, about 
 three miles below Minneapolis. Albert received 
 his education in the graded schools of this city, 
 and attended the college at Hillsdale, Michigan, 
 one year, after which he -returned home and took 
 a position as clerk in the post-office and remained 
 five years. When the carrier system was adopt- 
 ed, he was promoted to the position of superin- 
 tendent of carriers, which he has filled five years. 
 He was married in March, 1874, to Miss Maggie 
 McKahan, of Minneapolis. They have one boy, 
 Louis Henry, aged two years. Mr. Keith has been 
 a member of the Old Settlers' Association since 
 its organization. 
 
 J. M. Keller was born in Prussia, April 17th, 
 1830. lie came to the United States in 1S49, and 
 settled in St. Louis in 1850. He came to this 
 city in 1854, and worked four years for M. S. 
 Hoblitt. He bought, with Frank Rorbach, the 
 Morgan mill at Shingle Creek, but sold in 1865, 
 and the following year was in the cattle trade. 
 In 1866 he went in bu.siness with a nephew, but 
 owing to ill health he sold in 1869, He opened 
 the market at his present location, 428 First Ave- 
 nue north, in September, 1879, Mr, Keller's 
 wife was Minnie Runge. They have six children 
 living. 
 
 II. H. Kelley was born in Washington county, 
 Maine, February 4th, 1854. In the fall of 1869
 
 576 
 
 HISTOBY OF HENNEPIX^ COUNTY. 
 
 he came to this citj-, and was employed as clerk 
 in different business houses until he started a 
 meat market in company with his brotlier: they 
 continued this until August. 1S80, when they 
 sold, and established their stock-yards and slaugh- 
 ter-house. 
 
 W. A. Kelley. brother of the above, is a native 
 of Maine; he was bom in Washington county, 
 December 27th. ISol. He has been in partner- 
 ship with his brother ever since his arrival in 
 Minneapolis in 1S74. 
 
 Dr. E. S. Kelly was bom June 24th, 1848, in 
 Ottawa, Canada, where he received a liberal edu- 
 cation. He came to Minnesota in 1867 and locat- 
 ed in this city. He entered the State Universit)' 
 in the second year of its existence and studied 
 there five years. He first studied medicine with 
 Dr. H. H . Kimball, and graduated from Rush 
 Medical College, February 1878. being first in his 
 class. Immediately after gi-aduating he returned 
 to Minneapolis and has since continued in prac- 
 tice here. June 1st. 1880, Dr. Kelly was elected 
 county physicidn. 
 
 F. W. Kelly was born April oth, 1851, at 
 Brooklyn. Long Island. He learned the plumb- 
 ing trade at Cleveland, Ohio ; worked at it there 
 and in Kew York city until 1869, when he re- 
 moved to St. Paul ; he lived there several yeare 
 aud then worked two years in Chicago. He came 
 here in 1873. and engaged with Wilson and 
 Rogers, J. L. Spink, and others in his line of 
 business until 1S77. since which time he has been 
 alone. Mr. Kelly was married in 1875, to Miss 
 Catherine Collins of St. Paul. 
 
 II. Krueger was born at Watertown. Wiscon- 
 sin, October ItUh, 1859. He learned the trade of 
 gunsmith at Eau Claire, Wisconsin. In 1877 he 
 came to JSIinneapohs and established business at 
 his present location. A description of his busi- 
 ness may be found elsewhere. 
 
 W. F. Kelly, a native of Ireland, was bom in 
 1838. He lived in England from 1849 until 
 1862 when he emigrated to America ; for a short 
 time lie lived in New York city, then went to 
 I'ennsylvania and in 1864 returned to Xew York. 
 The year following he removed to this city and 
 worked in the J^Iilwaukee and St. Paul railroad 
 shops until 1872, when he started in the grocery 
 trade, in which he is having a rapidly growing 
 blisiness. In Nov. . 1 857 , he married Annie Ryan . 
 
 Edward Kennedy was bom in Ireland. In 1 861 
 he came to the United States and Uved in New 
 York until 1865. employed as blacksmith for a 
 railroad company. He then removed to ;Minne- 
 apolis and worked as engineer in the machine 
 shops for the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul 
 company. He worked some time with Mr. But- 
 ler to familiarize himself with the manufacture 
 of mill picks, and then embarked ui that business. 
 Ills shop and contents were entirely destroyed 
 by fire in November. 1880. but he rebuilt on First 
 street south where he is now located. His wife 
 was Margaret Murpln . Their children are Ed- 
 ward and Margaret. 
 
 A. II. Kenyon was born in Washington county, 
 New York, September 14th, 1842. He came 
 here in February. 1873. and engaged in the dry 
 goods trade for about three yeare; then he was 
 in partnership with Thomas Jeffery a while, and 
 ui August, 1880, went in the carpet business 
 with Mr. ]SIcYeigh. The firm carries a full line 
 of everything appertaining to the wholesale and 
 retail carpet trade. 
 
 Walter Kerridge was horn in Norfolk county, 
 Englaiul. January 21st. 1854. He attended the 
 public schools until eighteen years of age, then 
 learned the florist business which he stiU fol- 
 lows. In 1872 he came to America, and to this 
 city in 1876. In June of the following \ear, he, 
 in company with his father and brother, estab- 
 lished their present business at 617 Fourth street 
 north. Mr. Kerridge has never married. 
 
 John Keys was born in 1842. In 1862 he 
 moved to Canada, learned the blacksmith's trade 
 when young, and has worked at it twenty-one 
 yeare. He removed to Hastings. ^Minnesota, in 
 June, 1862, thence to Granville, Dakota county, 
 where he lived five years. September. 1879, he 
 came here and opened a shop on First street 
 south, and in ^larch, 1880, formed a partnerehip 
 with T. II. Cain and bought the shop. No. 117 
 First Avenue south. He ;\as maiTied in 1863, 
 and is the father of five children. 
 
 B. W. Kiniliall. M. D.. was bom in Bethel, 
 O.xford county, ilaine. March 12th. 1829. He 
 received his early education at Gould's academy, 
 and at the Brighton academy, of Cumberland 
 county. He first studied medicine with Dr. 
 Twitchell, of his native place, and next with Dr. 
 Peasley, of Hanover, New Hampshire. He grad-
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL 
 
 577 
 
 iiated with the degree of Tsl. D., from the medi- 
 cal department of Bowdoin College, Maine, in 
 1857. He practiced eight years as government 
 physician in Idaho and Oregon, and in July, 
 1869, came to this city. He has been in practice 
 as an occuUst and aurist since 1871, havmg studied 
 at the Manhattan eye and ear infirmary, the New 
 York eye and ear hospital, and also with Dr. 
 Mark Stephenson of New York. In 1875 he 
 married Susie Lyon. They have two children 
 living. 
 
 T. S. King removed to ^Minneapolis in the au- 
 tumn of 1862, and has since been a resident of 
 the city. Immediately upon coming to the city, 
 accepted a position on the State Atlas, a weekly 
 paper published by W. S. King, and remained 
 with the paper in a business and editorial capa- 
 city until the birth of the Minneapolis Daily 
 Tribune in the summer of 1867, into vv'hich the 
 Atlas was merged. He was city editor of the 
 Tribime for the first eighteen months of its exis- 
 tence. In .July, 1871, accepted a tempting offer 
 from the publishers of the St. Paul Pioneer, and 
 devoted himself to establishing the Munieapolis 
 branch and editorial department of that paper. 
 Mr. King has since been, and now is, connected 
 with the Pioneer and its successor, the Pioneer 
 Press, as Minneapolis city editor. 
 
 Charles D. Kingsley, born in Medina county, 
 Ohio, September 15th, 1826. When quite young, 
 he moved with his parents to Missouri, and in 
 April, 1846, located at Marine Mills, Minnesota; 
 he followed lumbering three years, and in June, 
 1849, removed to St. Anthony. He worked at 
 his trade of stone mason and plasterer a number of 
 years, and in 1862, enlisted in the Ninth Minne- 
 sota Volunteer Infantry; he was captured in June, 
 1864, and confined at Andersonville, Savannali 
 and Millen prisons. He came home on a furlough 
 and was honorably discharged xVugust 1st, 1865. 
 He has served on the police force of this city 
 since May, 1879. His wife was Julia Shepherd, 
 who has borne him four children, Ira, Eflle, and 
 William; John (deceased.) 
 
 Edward Kingsley, a life long resident of Min- 
 neapolis, was born May 2d, 1856. He received 
 his education in the public schools of this city. 
 He has been employed in the manufacture of 
 eave troughs, and is at present running a planer 
 in an establishment of that kind. In 1871, he 
 37 
 
 volunteered in the fire department, and was 
 appointed stoker; on organization of the paid de- 
 partment, he was given the position of first pipe- 
 man and in May, 1880, was appointed foreman. He 
 was married in Minneapolis, April 17th, 1878, to 
 Miss Augusta Gould. Their union has been 
 blessed with one child. Burton. 
 
 E. D. Kirst, a native of Germany, was born in 
 1831. When but fourteen years of age he com- 
 menced to learn cabinet-making. In 1856 he 
 came to America, and for two years lived in Sul- 
 livan county, New York, then removed to Ded- 
 ham, Massachusetts, and remained until July, 
 
 1861, when he came to this city. In August, 
 
 1862, he enlisted in the Ninth Minnesota, Com- 
 pany B. The first summer was spent in the 
 Indian campaign; then he went south and partic- 
 ipated in all the battles of the regiment. He was 
 mustered out August, 1865. Mr. Kirst does cab- 
 inet work, repairing, general joljbing, and manu- 
 factures corn husk mattresses at 923 First street 
 north. Mr. Kirst was married in 1861. His wife 
 died in 1876; she was the mother of two boys. 
 
 A. II. Kirk was born in Broome county, New 
 York, July, 1847. He enlisted in the Sixteenth 
 New York Battery, February, 1864, and was hon- 
 orably discharged in July, 1S05. He came to this 
 city in 1871, and was employed by O. A. Pray 
 and Company for two years. After that he took 
 charge of the mill furnishing shops for J. W. 
 Johnson, and also did the draughting for the 
 establishment, until May 1st , 1878, when he 
 started for himself in the business of manufactur- 
 ing mill furnishings. He married Nettie Strong, 
 May 15th, 1873. Their two cliildren are Zoe and 
 Freeman. 
 
 M. J. Klopp was born November 28th, 1847, in 
 Lebanon county, Pennsylvania. In 1855 he went 
 to Logansport, Indiana, and at tlie age of fifteen " 
 years commenced learning carriage-making, wh ch 
 trade he has since followed. ]Mr. Klupp's poor 
 health obliged him to travel, and he spent some 
 time in California, Colorado and Arkansas. In 
 June, 1878, he came to Minneapolis, and worked at 
 his trade, being employed by different firms uniil 
 October, 1880, when he opened a shop at 99 Main 
 street S. E. At the age of sixteen years he en- 
 listed and served eight months, then I'e-enlisted 
 and served until 1865. His wife was Christiana 
 Schaefer. They have one son, Henry.
 
 578 
 
 HISTOEY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 J. W. Kline, a native of Frederick county. :Mary- 
 land. was bom in 1S39. lie came to Minneapo- 
 lis in 1874 and worked at his trade, that of cooper, 
 until 1877, when he. assisted by otliei-s, formed 
 the North Star Banel Company. At present 
 Mr. Kline is president of this company. He re- 
 sides with his family in this cit)'. 
 
 Rev. David Buell Knickerbacker D. D., was 
 bom in Rensselaer count\". Xew York. Feb. 24th, 
 1833. lie is the son of Hon. Herman Knicker- 
 backer, who was a member of congress from that 
 district, also judge of proljate in Rensselaer coun- 
 ty. David B. was prepared for college at the 
 Academy of Greenwich. New York; he then en- 
 tered Trinity College, Hartford, and graduated 
 in 18o3; and hi June, 1856, he graduated from 
 the Theological Seminary of the Protestant Epis- 
 copal Chmch of Xew York cit\-. On the first 
 Sunday in July of the same year, he was ordained 
 deacon in Trinity Church. Xew York, by Bishop 
 Potter, and was at once appointed missionary 
 bishop of the north-west. His wliole ministerial 
 life has been spent in Minneapolis. He was or- 
 dained priest in Gethsemane Church, July. 1875, 
 by Bishop Kemper. In 1874 he received the de- 
 gree of doctor of di\-init>' from Hartford, Connec- 
 ticut. In 1877 he was elected missionary bisliop 
 for Xew Mexico and Arizona, but dechiied the 
 honor. He has held the office of dean of the 
 northern convocation of ^ilinnesota, by appoint- 
 ment of the bishop, since 1870, and lias represent- 
 ed the diocese in general conventions, five times, 
 since its admission into union with the general 
 convention in 1859. He is a member of the 
 standing committee of the diocese, and also of its 
 missionary committee since its organization. 
 
 A. H. Knowles, a native of England, was born 
 in 1830. He came to the United States in 1854. 
 "and Uved the first few months in Philadelphia, 
 then spent two months in Xew York iii the 
 steam and gas fitting business. He traveled for 
 ten years througli the middle states building gas 
 works, and in IS'iO came to this city ; since which 
 time he has been in the wholesale and retail 
 liquor business. 
 
 Alois Knoblauch, bom in Wurtemberg, Ger- 
 many, September 24th, 1833. He was educated 
 and learned the shoemaking trade in his native 
 country. In 1854 he came to America ; worked 
 a short time in Xew York, then removed to Chi- 
 
 cago. Illinois, and thence to Fulton county. In 
 1857 he came here and started a small boot and 
 shoe store ; he is now enjoying a thriving busi- 
 ness at 26 First street north, and 125 Washington 
 Avenue south. He was mamed in 1858 to Ame- 
 lia Stulcman. Their children are: Antliony, 
 Frank, Amelia, Alois,"\Villiam, Henrietta, George, 
 Charles, Henry, Alexander and a babe. 
 
 M. B. Koon. bom January 22d. 1841. in Steu- 
 ben county. Xew York. He moved with his par- 
 ents to Michigan, and received his education at 
 the Hillsdale College. In 1864 he went to CaU- 
 fornia and remained two years, then returned to 
 Michigan, studied law, and in 1867, commenced 
 practice at Hillsdale; in 1870, he was elected pros- 
 ecuting attorney of that countj% and held the of- 
 fice five years. In 1878 he came to this city and 
 established the practice of law in company with 
 E. A. MeiTill; the firm of Koon and Merrill con- 
 tinued until Xovember. 1879. when Arthur Keith 
 became associated with them, and the firm name 
 is now, Koon, Menill and Keith. Mr. Koon 
 married Josie Van De ^lark in 1873. Their 
 children are Kate and Louise. Residence Xo. 30 
 Sixth street south. 
 
 John Kraemer, a native of Germany, was bom 
 in December, 1827. He emigrated to the United 
 States in 1857. and worked at blacksmitliing in 
 Chicago a few months, then came to this city and 
 continued the trade here eighteen years, ^lith the 
 exception of three yeai-s in the war. He enlisted 
 August 2d, 1862, in the Eighth Minnesota Yol- 
 imteers. His wife was Barbara Eoch; their mar- 
 riage occurred August 2d. 1852. 'Sir. Kraemer 
 owns the building which he has occupied for the 
 past five years, X''o. 227 Central Avenue. 
 
 A. C. La Brash, a native of ilichigan, was 
 bom July 7th, 1841. His father, being a black- 
 smith, taught him the trade while yet a boy. In 
 the fall of 1854, he located at Waukegan, Illi- 
 nois, thence to Chicago where he remained four- 
 teen months, then returned to "Waukegan, and in 
 1858, he came to St. Paul, where, with his father, 
 he opened a shop, and for nearly two yeare re- 
 mained there, then came to St. Anthony. AVhile 
 here, he was employed by others until 1861; he 
 then went to Osseo and opened an establishment 
 of his own. and remained there until the Indian 
 outbreak of 1862, when he returned to this city, 
 and has since remained, doing a general black-
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL. 
 
 579 
 
 smithing business on First street north. He 
 married Miss Julia Potvin, of Canada, in 1860. 
 Tliey have three sons and one daugliter. 
 
 II. E. Lamoreaux was born at Arcadia, Xew 
 York, July 23d, 1S42. In 1862,-he engaged in the 
 canal business, owning, and having in charge a 
 boat between Buffalo and New York, until 1875, 
 when he came to this city engaging in lumbering 
 about three years. In October, 1880, he rented 
 and furnished his present liilliard ball at 223 First 
 Avenue south. He married ilary Smith, of New 
 York, March 3d, 1863. They have two children, 
 Louis and Mary. 
 
 Cliristian Lamp, a native of Denmark, was born 
 August 24th, 1845. He passed his youth in his 
 native place, where he learned shoemaking. 
 He came to the United States in 1873, and first 
 located at Marquette, Michigan, remaining five 
 yeai-s, when he removed to St. Paul. In Septem- 
 ber, 1879, lie located at Minneapolis, and with his 
 brother opened a boot and shoe store. He is a 
 member of tlie Light Infantry band. He married 
 Miss Sophia Nelson, of Denmark, in 1868. who 
 has borne him five children, four of wlioni are 
 living: Walter. Bodil Mary, Christian and Joa- 
 chim. 
 
 Joachim Lamp, born .January 7th, 1855, is a 
 native of Denmark. He learned shoemaking 
 there, came to the LTnited States, in 1876, 
 and has been with his brother since. He is also 
 a member of the Light Infantry band, playing 
 baritone trombone, and strings. 
 
 Freeman P. Lane, of the law firm of Giddings 
 and Lane, is a native of Washington county, 
 Maine, born April 20th, 1853. He came west 
 with his parents in 1862, locating in Minneapolis. 
 He began his labors by engaging as a newsboy 
 selling the Press and Pioneer. He attended 
 school until 1867, after which he worked in L. L. 
 Stanchfield's mill, at the mouth of Bassett's 
 Creek. In 1868 he was clerk for his father in the 
 gi'ocery business. He entered the employ of the 
 Northwestern Telegraph Company as line builder 
 and repairer in Minnesota and Dakota, and re- 
 mained with them until 1872. During this time, 
 however, be attended school two winters at the 
 Minneapolis Business College. He then began 
 reading law with Albee Smith, and in 1873, en- 
 tered the Albany Law School, of New York. 
 He was admitted to the bar, at Albany, May 4th, 
 
 1874, returned to this city, and, in 1875, formed a 
 partnership with G.-W. Harl, and the next year 
 the present firm of Giddings and Lane was organ- 
 ized, and is conducting a successful business. 
 Mr. Lane was married, in 1875, to Miss Mollie 
 Lauderdale , who has borne him two children: 
 Bessie and Ina. 
 
 James S. Lane is a native of New Brunswick, 
 born in 1833. After reaching the age of man- 
 hood, he gave his attention principally to lumber- 
 ing. In 1852, he came to St. Anthony and engaged 
 with the old water power company, and later with 
 H. T. Welles. He was surveyor general of logs 
 and lumber for three terms. He became a mem- 
 ber of the firm of L. Butler and Company of No. 
 One Platform mills, now ilerriman. Barrows and 
 Company. He was married, in 1860, to Miss 
 Aubine Dorman,by wliom he has seven children: 
 Verna, Minnie, Lizzie, Mittie, Frank, Emma and 
 Mark. His mother, Mrs. ^^elma Lane, is a mem- 
 ber of his household, and though seventy-five 
 years of age, is in good health, and has been a 
 resident of this city since 1855. 
 
 Leonidas M. Lane was born in 1835, at St. 
 Stephens, New Brunswick. At sixteen years of 
 age he entered a saw mill, remaining there until 
 August, 1855, when he came St. Anthony, and 
 entered the mills as sawyer, and remained until 
 1861. He then enlisted in Company A, First 
 Minnesota Volunteers, for three months. In the 
 fall of 1862 he re-enlisted in Company A, Ninth 
 Minnesota Volunteers. At the battle of Bry- 
 son's cross-roads, he was taken prisoner, and 
 taken to Macon, Georgia; from there to Charles- 
 ton, thence to Columbia. After an imprison- 
 ment of nine months he reached the Union lines. 
 He returned to St. Anthony in March, 1865. He 
 has since been in the lumbering business in con- 
 nection with his brother, J. S. Lane, and is now 
 a member of the fii-ni of Merriman, Barrows and 
 Company. He married Anna JiIcLeod in 1869. 
 Their children are, Harry, Eva, Robbie, Roscoe 
 and Leon. 
 
 E. B. Langdon wfis born at New Haven, Ver- 
 mont, in 1826. He received an academic ed- 
 ucation, and began active life as foreman of a 
 construction party on the Rutland and Burling- 
 ton railroad, in 1848. Since then the principal 
 business of his life has lieen the construction of 
 railroads, having under his superintendence, roads
 
 580 
 
 HISTOBT OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 in Vermont. Ohio, Indiana. Illinois, Wisconsin, 
 ^linnesota. Tennessee and Mississippi. Ilebnilt 
 the water-power canal for the Minneapolis :Mill 
 Co., in lS(j(), also erected a number of the import- 
 ant buildings of the city. He had charge of the 
 party who broke the ground for the first railroad 
 in the state, the St. Paul and Pacific railroad, in 
 1858. Since 1866 he has been a resident of Min- 
 neapolis. In 1872. R. B. Langdon and Company 
 erected a planing-mill on Third street which 
 they still own. He was state senator for sL\ con- 
 secutive years ending in 1878. and is now vice- 
 president of the Minneapolis and St. Louis Rail- 
 road. He married Sarah Smith in 1859. Their 
 children are: Cavour, Martha, and Caroline. 
 
 J. Lange was boni June 25th, 1836, in Ger- 
 many. He acquired a knowledge of the mason's 
 trade in his native country, and in 1866 came to 
 the United States and located in Xew York. Ten 
 years later he removed to Minneapolis, and erected 
 the building on Riverside Avenue, where he is lo- 
 cated, doing a good business in groceries. He 
 was maiTied in 1869, to Helen Gerdes, of Ger- 
 many. They are the parents of six children, four 
 of whom are living: Emily, Henry, "William, 
 and Herman. 
 
 Louis Laramee is a native of Monti-eal, Canada, 
 bom April 11th, 1837. He removed to Pittsfleld, 
 Massachusetts, in 1S55, and enraged in the pur- 
 suit of Ids regular trade, that of harness-making. 
 He came to St. Paul in 1857; thence to St. An- 
 thony, and to tliis city in 1865, and has since re- 
 mained here, in business. His present location 
 is 304 Nicollet Avenue, where he has an extensive 
 establishment, employing twenty-eight men. Un- 
 til 1876, he was working as an employee, and by 
 his energy and strict attention to business has el- 
 evated himself to his present position. He was mar- 
 ried in 1870, to Miss Alphonsie Davis, of ilontreal, 
 who bore him two children. Eugenie and Alfred. 
 
 Carl Larson is a native of Xurway, and was 
 bom January 26th, 1844. He came to America 
 in 1868, coming to Minnesota and locating in 
 Fillmore county, where he resided four years, en- 
 gaged as a wheat buyer. In 1872 he came to 
 Minneapolis, where he was in the employ of East- 
 man and Bovey for three years. He kept a board- 
 ing-house in this city for three yeare, and in 1878, 
 became proprietor of the A'ictoria Hotel, where 
 he is stUl. He was married in Norway, to ilar- 
 
 tha Baltzerson. in 1866. They have one adopted 
 child, whom they call George Larson. 
 
 Eben E. La\\Tence, machinist at Anchor mill, 
 was bom at Cherryfield, Washington county, 
 Maine, November 7th, 1847. He came to Minne- 
 apolis in April. 1870. and gave his attention to 
 lumbering until the the spring of 1877. He then 
 engaged in the Pillsbury mill, remaining three 
 years ; then to the Anchor mill as machhiist. 
 While in the lumber business he passed several 
 winters in tlie pineries, occupying positions as 
 chopper and superintendent. 
 
 W. H. Lauderdale was bom in Livingston 
 county. New York, August loth, 1830. He ob- 
 tained his education at his native place, in the 
 public schools. At sLxteen years of age he com- 
 menced the tailor's trade, completing it at San- 
 dusky, Ohio. He went to Wooster in 1849, where 
 he remained four yeare. In the fall of 1857 
 he came to Minneapolis. He took a claim 
 near Lake Calhoun, on which he lived until 1866, 
 when he invested in another in BrookljTi town- 
 ship, and after remaining one year returned to 
 this city and engaged in the dairy business until 
 1879. The next year he foiined a partnersliip 
 with Min''r Ball, dealing in real estate. They 
 dissolved partnership in 1881, and he began busi- 
 ness under the firm name of Lauderdale and Com- 
 pany, at 1 1 Washington Avenue north. He was 
 married in 1852 to Mary E. Sloaue, who bore him 
 three children : Marg-aret, Jeanette, Mollie. and 
 Frank. Mrs. Lauderdale died in 1872. His sec- 
 ond wife was Mrs. Susan Robertson, of Nova 
 Scotia. They have one child, George Hayes. 
 
 James W. Lawrence, of the firm of Wilson and 
 Lawrence, was bom in New York, August 9th, 
 1846. He moved with his parents to Syracuse, 
 where, ^\hile young, he attended the graded 
 school. In 1857 he accompanied his parents to 
 St. Anthony, remaining until 1 860. when he re- 
 tm-ned to Syracuse and entered Hamilton Col- 
 lege in 1864, from which he graduated after a 
 four years' course. He read law in New York 
 city, with Sheldon and Brown, one year, and, in 
 1869, was admitted to the bar. He returned to 
 this city in 1870, and the next year formed the 
 partnerehip which now exists. During these in- 
 tervening years he has served two terras as coun- 
 ty attorney of Hennepin county. Mr. Lawrence 
 was married, in 1873, to Miss Mary, daughter of
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL. 
 
 581 
 
 J. K. Sidle. They have two children, Jacob S. 
 and James, Jr. 
 
 Brady Lawson is a native of Norway, born in 
 1845. He came to the United States in 1867, lo- 
 cating first in Eau Claire, Wisconsin; thence to 
 Minneapolis in 1880. He is proprietor of the 
 Eau Claire House, 211 Second Avenue south. 
 He married Ida Oelson, in 1873, who bore him 
 three children: Levi, Dewettand Edward. 
 
 Jerome Layman, one of tlie oldest residents of 
 this county, came to this city with his parents 
 when less than one year of age, in 1852. At that 
 time there were but three houses on the west 
 side of the river. He has passed twenty-seven 
 summers and winters on the same location, cor- 
 ner of Eighteenth Avenue and Twenty-first 
 street. He is a member of the Knickerbocker 
 Euriiiture Company, a description of which is 
 given elsewhere. 
 
 Rev. N. M. Learned, pastor of Franklin Ave- 
 nue Methodist Episcopal Cluux'h, was born in 
 Vermont, October 29th. 1838. He was converted 
 in 1855, licensed to preach in 1859; studied at 
 Newbury Seminary and New Hampton Theolo- 
 gical Institute. Received into the conference in 
 1863, and was ordained deacon in 1865. Ordained 
 elder, 1867, filling appointments at Eden Mills 
 and other places. Was sent to Stowe for two 
 years, then to Bakersfield for two years. While 
 there buried his wife, then went to Cambridge,then 
 to Middletow^n Springs, and Clarendon Springs. 
 Then transferred by Bishop Simpson to Troy con- 
 ference New York. While at Wells, had a great 
 revival, and over one hundred conversions, 
 which resulted in the founding of a church, and 
 he was unanimously invited to be its pastor, 
 which he accepted and remained for two years. 
 Then failing health sent him to Minnesota, and 
 at the re(iuest of the presiding elder of the St. 
 Cloud district, he went to Sauk Rapids. He 
 then went to Austin, Texas, for a few months, 
 and returning to Minnesota, was transfeired by 
 Bishop Wiley from the Troy conference to the 
 Minnesota conference and stationed at Clinton 
 Avenue Methodist Episcopal church, St. Paul, for 
 one year. Then to Farmington for two years, 
 doing much good. Then to the Washington Av- 
 enue Methodist Episcopal church for two years; 
 many were ^dded to the church; he found a debt of 
 $2,000, which was provided for. The quarterly con- 
 
 ference unanimously voted for his return, but on 
 account of the great strain upon his system, asked 
 for, and was permitted to make a change. Married 
 February 16th, 1864, to Miss Saphrona B-uck, of St. 
 Albans, Vermont, a lady of rare accomplishments, 
 and a skilled artist, whose fame and loveliness was 
 too soon cut off by death. Married again in Octo- 
 ber, 1873, to Miss Lucy A. Herrick, of St. Albans, 
 Vermont, who was educated at the New Hamp- 
 ton Institute. She is a lady of high culture 
 and an artist of distinction and fine taste, as the 
 many beautiful pictures, which adorn the walls 
 of their pleasant home will testify. They have 
 two children, Frank IL, and Mattiel. 
 
 Julius Leber is a native of Dresden, Kingdom 
 of Saxony, born February 22d, 1828. He acquired 
 a knowledge of truss making at Dresden, and 
 worked at his trade in Liverpool, Berlin, Vienna, 
 and other European cities, until 1849, when he 
 emigrated to Ameri'-a, and worked in New York, 
 St. Louis, New Orleans, Philadelphia and other 
 places until 1870 ; he then bought a farm and lo- 
 cated at Anoka, Minnesota. Two years later he 
 removed to Minneapolis and commenced the 
 manufacture of trusses, wire bolting cloth, and 
 mechanical apparatus for deformities. The greater 
 portion of his work is done by contract for medi- 
 cal men of large cities. Mr. Leber was married 
 in 1851, to Teresa Brudj of Saxony. Their child- 
 ren are: William, Henry, Louisa, Juhus, Jr., and 
 Adolph. 
 
 John T. Lee was born in 1840, and is a native 
 of Canada. He accompanied his parents to Ver- 
 mont, and in 1856 to Lowell, Massachusetts. 
 His father was a blacksmith and taught his son 
 the trade, while so young he was obliged to .«tand 
 on a box to strike tlie anvil. In 1875, Mr. Lee re- 
 moved to Montreal, Canada, and there remained 
 in the blacksmith and carriage making business 
 until 1879, when lie came to this city. He was a 
 member of the city council of Lowell, in 1866-7 
 and was trial justice in the same place fourteen 
 years. He was married in 1863, to Miss Lucy 
 Marsh, who bore him one son, George. 
 
 John M. Lee was born in New York, August 
 19th, 1827. He came to Minnesota in 1856 and 
 located in St. Anthony, and worked a short time 
 at carpentering ; he then removed to Michigan 
 where he remained until 1865, when he enlisted 
 in the Eleventh Michigan Infantry and went to
 
 582 
 
 HISTOBY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 Tennessee, where he remained until September, 
 1865, and received his diseliarge. He located in 
 McLeod county, Minnesota, on a farm, in 1868, 
 and remained three years, then returned to iliu- 
 neapolis and has since given his attention to car- 
 pentering. He was married in 1858, to Alniira 
 Jones of New York, by whom he has two child- 
 ren: Eliza and Agnes. 
 
 I^. A. Legg was born in Lowell, Massachnsetts 
 February 13th, 1853. He moved to Berlin, Wis- 
 consin, while quite young, and in 1866 removed 
 to Minneapolis. He has been at his present lo- 
 cation. Fourth street south, between Xicollet and 
 First Avenue south, alxmt two years. He has a 
 sale, livery, and boarchng stable. He was mar- 
 ried to Miss Annie Xoren in 1878. 
 
 John G. Lennon was born at Bolton, England, 
 July 6th, 1815. He came to America in 1841, as 
 supercargo of a vessel, for the tirm in whose em- 
 ploy he had l)een. He landed in Xew Orleans, 
 and after delivering the cargo, passed two years 
 in traveling through the states, and in 1843 loca- 
 ted at St. Croix Falls, remaining two years, when 
 he returned to St. Louis and engaged with the 
 American Fur Company. He returned to Men- 
 dota, Miiuiesota, in 1846, and the next year re- 
 moved to St. Paid. In 1849 he took charge of 
 the St. Anthony outfit, and remained until 1856; 
 then began business for himself in the mercan- 
 tile and lumbering line. This he sold in 1859, 
 and removed to his stock-farm in Sibley county, 
 remaining until the rebellion. He accompanied 
 the Sibley expedition to l^e\irs Lake and the 
 Missouri river, as assistant in the commissary 
 department imder Captain Forbes. He retiu'ned 
 to Fort Snelling in the fall of 1863, then w^nt to 
 Memphis, Tennessee, where he was quartermas- 
 ter of the first division of the Sixteenth corps un- 
 der General Mower. They disbanded at Louis- 
 ville, Kentucky, where he remained in the real 
 estate business and prosecuting claims for the 
 government. In 1873 he returned to this city, 
 and has since continued in the real estate busi- 
 ness. During the winter of 1877 he suffered a 
 stroke of paralysis, from which he has never 
 fully recovered. He was married at Fort Snell- 
 ing to Mary B. Me Lain, in 1851. Theirchildren 
 are Catharine and John. 
 
 AV. 11. I.,eonard, physician and surgeon, was 
 born in Tolland county, Connecticut, December, 
 
 1826. He received a high school education in 
 his native state, and one course at the Xew 
 York State University, and graduated from the 
 Yale ^ledical School, session of 1S52-3. He set- 
 tled in Wyoming county, Xew York, and began 
 his practice. He removed to Minneapolis in 
 1855. and has continued in practice here since. 
 In Xovember, 1862, he entered the army as 
 assistant surgeon of the Fifth ilinnesota Infantry, 
 and was afterwards promoted to surgeon. He 
 mustered out at Fort Snelling in 1865, and re- 
 sumed his practice as a physician immediately 
 after his discharge. He was health officer of the 
 first board organized in this city. When he be- 
 gan in his profession, he was the youngest prac- 
 titioner in the city. He was married in Octo- 
 ber. 1853. to Miss Jane Preston, of Connecticut. 
 Theu- children are: William, now a physician, 
 and Gertrude. 
 
 John Leppla, a native of Germany, was born 
 in 1846. He came to the United States in 1860, 
 and passed two years in Pennsylvania and Ken- 
 tucky; then removed to Appletou, Wisconsin, 
 remaining two years. In 1864 he came to Min- 
 neapolis and engaged in milling until 1876, when 
 he opened a saloon and billiard hall. He was 
 married in 1871, to Lena WistfaU, who bore him 
 three children: Lena, Annie, and John. 
 
 G. L. Levi and Company are proprietors of 
 the Philadelphia One Price Clothing Store, at 
 205 Hennepin Avenue and 204 Xicollet Avenue. 
 The house on Ilemiepin Avenue was established 
 by Aultmau and Loucheim, who were succeeded 
 by G. L. Levi and Company, in 1877. This firm 
 removed to their present location the next year-, 
 where they transact a jobbing and retail busi- 
 ness. The individual members of the firm are 
 G. L. Levi and M. Levi, 
 
 G. F. Libby is a native of Maine, born in Octo- 
 ber, 1834. At the age of sixteen, he learned the 
 trade of blacksmithing in Cherryfield, of his na- 
 tive state. In 1854. he located in Wisconsin, and 
 the next year removed to St. Anthony, He re- 
 mained only a short time, then w-ent to Montieello 
 and opened a blacksmith shop. There he resided 
 until 1858, when he returned to this city and 
 opened an establishment at his present location, 
 104 First street north, it being at that time, the 
 onlv one of the kind on that street. He was en-
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL. 
 
 583 
 
 with his trade. He was married to Miss Elsie 
 Sime, of New Brunswick, in 1860. They have 
 three sons and five daughters. Mr. Lil)l)y served 
 two years as street commissioner. 
 
 Joseph Libby was born at Goldsborough, Maine, 
 January 12th, 1805. He lived there twenty-five 
 years, then removed to Washington county, giv- 
 ing his attention to lumbering. In 1850, he came 
 to this city and almost immediately started up 
 Rum River, on a prospecting tour. He engaged 
 in lumbering on tliis river for seven years, about 
 one hundred miles above the present site of 
 Anoka. In 1857, he built a flat-boat, seventy-four 
 by eight feet, and after loading it with supplies 
 for the camp during tlie winter, towed and pad- 
 dled it np tlie Mississippi about two hundred 
 miles. He had a crew of sixteen men. eight 
 working oxen, some cattle for beef, and one horse 
 used to tow the boat. They were about twenty- 
 six days on the route. Mr. Libby was the first 
 lumberman in that region, and worked tliere un- 
 til 1877. He has since lived with liis family in 
 this city, enjoying the fruits of his labors. He 
 was married in July, 1832, to Miss Priscilla Wil- 
 son. Tliey are the parents of nine children, seven 
 of whom are living, the eldest being forty-two. 
 
 Thomas Libby is a native of England, born Au- 
 gust 29th, 1824. He learned the mechanic's trade 
 at home. In August. 1850, he came to the United 
 States and located at Middletown, Connecticut, 
 where he remained working at his trade five 
 years. He then removed to a farm in Wisconsin, 
 where he resided fifteen or sixteen years engaged 
 in farming, in connection with his trade. He 
 removed to Baraboo, and remained until com- 
 ing to Minneapolis in 1878. He married Miss 
 Theresa Hocking, of England, in 1845. They 
 have foiu- children: Theresa, Thomas, Mary and 
 William. 
 
 N. P. Liljengren is a native of Sweden, born in 
 1845. He came to America in 1873, and located 
 in Illinois, coming to this city the next year. He 
 worked as furniture polisher until 1877, when he 
 started in the manufacturing business and has 
 been successfully engaged in it since. He was 
 united to Miss Augusta Anderson in 1877. Resi- 
 dence Ninth Avenue south. 
 
 H. F. Lillibridge, a well known resident of 
 Minneapolis, was born May 26th, 1836, at Wil- 
 mington, Todd coimty, Connecticut. He came 
 
 to this city in 1856 and after remaining a few 
 months removed to Monticello, Wright county, 
 where he remained eight years in the mercantile 
 business : lie was a clerk for Fox and !Mealy one 
 year, then bought Mr. Mealy 's interest in 1857. 
 He sold out his interest and returned to this city 
 in I860 and in partnership with J. (i. Smith en- 
 gaged in making sash, doors and blinds. He dis- 
 posed of his interest and kept books for J. Dean 
 and Company, and remained until he purchased 
 the cracker bakery. Mr. Lillibridge is now con- 
 ducting the leading cracker and confectionery 
 manufactory of the north-west, located in three 
 buildings. 13. 17 and 19 South Third street. 
 
 I. L. Lincoln was bom in Worcester, Massa- 
 chusetts. April 5th, 1818. He learned his trade, 
 that of blacksmithing, at sixteen years of age. 
 He passed a number of years in visiting through 
 his native state and New Hampshire and in 
 August, 1847, removed to Peru, South America, 
 engaged in the pursuit of his trade and ship- 
 ping provisions, until 1855. He then located in 
 Illinois and worked in a steam saw mill one and 
 one-half years, thence to Kankakee, residing seven 
 years on a farm. He came to St. Paul in 1863 
 and two years later went to South Bend andFar- 
 mington. In 1872 he made this city his home 
 and has since remained here in the blacksmithing 
 business. At present lie is a member of tlie firm 
 of Lincoln and Lee. He has been maiTied three 
 times; to his present wife in 1874. 
 
 Hans Lindas was born in ^larsliall, Wisconsin, 
 in 1854. He passed liis youth in Ills native town 
 and learned the trade of tinsmith. In 1875 he re- 
 moved to La Crosse, Wisconsin ; thence in 1876 
 to Chicago. The next year he came to this city 
 continuuig at his trade until 1880, when he be- 
 came one of the firm of Cross and Lindas, located 
 at 829 Washington Avenue south. He was mar- 
 ried in 1878, to Belle Ilowland of Norway, who 
 bore him one child, Charles. 
 
 H. Lindblad is a native of Sweden, born July 
 12th, 1850. He gained a knowledge of machin- 
 ery in his native country, and in 1872, came to 
 America. He was employed as a house-builder 
 and cabinet maker, at Taylor's Falls, Miunesot?, 
 two years, and came to Minneapolis in 1874. 
 Here he has been engaged in building, also in 
 the different mills of the city as a mill-wright for 
 two years past, and is now in the Pettit mill. He
 
 584 
 
 HISTORY OF HENKEPIN C0UK1Y. 
 
 married iliss Johanna Jolinson in 1874. Their 
 children are, John. Herman and Ileljra. 
 
 Thomas yi. Linton was born at Dover, Xew 
 Hampshire, December 2.5th, 1831. He went to 
 California in 1851, and engaged in mining three 
 years, when he came to this city and gave his at- 
 tention to lumbering five years; lie was tlien in 
 the employ of A. Kelly, grocer, three years. He 
 traveled through Oregon. Montana. California, 
 and Utah, passing two years, then returned to 
 this city in 1864. Two years after his return, the 
 firm of Clark and Linton was established— whole- 
 sale dealers in grain. Hour and feed, 505 Wash- 
 ington Avenue south. He was married in 1869 
 to Miss Man- Bean, who bore him one child, 
 Mary. 
 
 A. Livingston was born in Schoharie county, 
 S'ew York, in 1845. He accompanied his parents 
 to Albany in 1857. and remained there until 1864, 
 the last three year's being spent in the dry-goods 
 business. He next removed to Janesville, 'Wis- 
 consin, dealing in groceries until 1S71. when he 
 came to Minneapolis. The next year he bought 
 the stock of groceries from Mr. George Wales at 
 823 Fourth street south, where he has since re- 
 mained. He was married in 1873 to Lizzie Love, 
 of Albany, Xew York. They have onp daughter 
 living. Grace. 
 
 William Lochren, of the firm of Lochren, Mc- 
 Nair and Gilflllan, was born April 3d, 1832, at 
 Tyrone, Ireland. He came to America at the age 
 of two years and passed his youth in northern 
 Vermont, and received a common school and aca- 
 demic education. He read law. and was admit- 
 ted to the bar in Franklin county, "N'ermont, in 
 1856. During that year, he came to St. Anthony 
 and practiced his profession there until 1869. with 
 the exception of the time passed in the army. In 
 1869, the firm of Lochren.and McXair was formed, 
 Avhich continued until 1871. wlien J. B. Gilflllan 
 was admitted as partner. Mr. Lochren enlisted 
 as private in the First Mmnesota Volunteers in 
 1861, but in course of time, was promoted to 
 First Lieutenant; he resigned two months before 
 his discharge. After his retiu-n, he was city at- 
 tarney much of the time, until the consolidation 
 of the two cities. He was elected state senator 
 in 1868 from the fourtli district, which then in- 
 cluded Hennepin, Anoka, Isanti," Mille Lacs and 
 Benton counties. He was also city attorney of 
 
 this city in 1877. He was married in 1871 to Mrs. 
 ilartlia Demmon, who died in 1879, leaving one 
 daugliter, Martha. 
 
 J. E. Lockwood, of the firm of Lockwood, Up- 
 ton and Company, was born in Orange county, 
 Xew York, in 1832. He learned the trade of 
 machinist at the Matteawan Manufucturing Iron 
 Works, one of the oldest establishments in that 
 country, in 1845. In 1854 he went to Providence, 
 Ehode Island, where he was engaged in steam 
 engine works, which during the war employed 
 sixteen hundred men. In 1865 he entered the 
 Schenck Machine Works as superintendent, re- 
 maining luitil 1 869, when he removed to Jilinnea- 
 polis, and superintended the Minnesota Iron 
 Works until 1872. He then commenced business 
 for himself in a shop where the Humboldt miU 
 now stands. From there he removed to his pres- 
 ent location, and the present firm was organized. 
 He was married in 18-55 to Martha Colville. Their 
 children Uving are Edwin and Mary. 
 
 H. Lohse, a native of Hamburg, Germany, was 
 born August 19th, 1853. He studied art in Ger- 
 many from 1870 until January, 1880, when he 
 came to Minneapolis. He worked with Mr. W. 
 Brown a few mouths, then went in partnership 
 with him. and finally bought his interest in the 
 business. Mr. Lohse does fine work in card and 
 cabinet photographs. His gaUerj- is 119 Wash- 
 ington Avenue north. 
 
 A. C. Loring was born in Wilwaukee. Wiscon- 
 sin, August 31st, 1858. At the age of two years 
 he moved with his father to Minneapolis. The 
 firm of Weeks and Loring was organized January 
 1st, 1880. They are wholesale dealers in grain, 
 miU-feed, etc., and will this year buy and sell 
 two thousand, seven hundred and fifty car-loads, 
 doing business mostly with Xew York and Xew 
 England. Their place of business is 405 Wash- 
 ington Avenue south. He married Miss Ida 
 Eastman in 1879. One child has been born to 
 them, Fred. Mrs. Loring died in Xovember, 
 1880. 
 
 S. B. Lovejoy was born at Livermore. Maine, 
 in 1850. He came with his parents to St. An- 
 thony in 1854. In 1868 he entered the First Xa- 
 tional Bank as collection boy and corresponding 
 clerk, after which he held the position of assist- 
 ant book-keeper, and iu 1872 was promoted to 
 chief book-keeper. In 1874 he took charge of
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL. 
 
 585 
 
 W. Hale and Company's flouring-mill, and the 
 next year the firm dissolved. He then became 
 treasurer of the Rum River Boom Company, and 
 has since held that position. He was married in 
 this city, in 1872, to Miss Louise, daughter of 
 George N. Morgan, now deceased, an old settler 
 of this country. Their children are : Emma 
 Louise, Edith, and Ethel. 
 
 Henry A. Loverin was born in Chicago, in 
 1838. He came to St. Anthony in 1849, and at 
 the age of eighteen years went to California, re- 
 maining nine years. He returned to St. Anthony 
 and was married in 1865, when he removed to 
 Chicago remaining there nine years engaged in 
 contracting and building. In 1874 he located in 
 this city, and the year following established his 
 present business, that of carpentering, cabinet- 
 making and jobl)ing. 
 
 r. P. Lowell is a native of Maine, born October 
 28th, 1852. He passed his childhood and received 
 his educaton in his native place. In 1868 he 
 went to Florida, but returned, however, the same 
 year. In 1871 he engaged in business in Port- 
 land, Maine, but sold out the next year and re- 
 turned to his native place where he opened a 
 grocery store, in which he continued until 1876; 
 he then sold oiit and removed to this city. He 
 first had a stand in the city market and then 
 bought the grocery store at 229 Central Avenue, 
 where he has remauied. He wai married, in 
 1874, to Lizzie Foye, who died three years after, 
 leaving one child, Harry. He married in 1880, 
 Martha Hughes, who has borne him one child. 
 Myrtle. 
 
 J. F. Low was born at Frankfort, Maine, in 
 1831. He remained with his parents until ISoO, 
 when he went to Boston and remained four years, 
 then came west, locating at St. Anthony in Octo- 
 ber, 1854. At that time there were but two 
 buildings on the west side. When the news was 
 received that that land was open to entry, over 
 two hundred claim shanties sprang up in one 
 night. Mr. Low traded a gold watch for a claim, 
 which he sold two weeks later for five hundred 
 dollars. He took out the first auctioneer's license 
 issued in Minnesota, and in company with Mr. 
 Sawtelle engaged in selling goods at auction in 
 the towns adjoining. He removed to Oak Grove, 
 on a farm, where he remained four years, thence 
 to St. Paul two years. In 1862, he enUsted in 
 
 Company G, Sixth Minnesota Infantry, and was 
 in the Indian campaign. One year later he re- 
 turned to Fort Snelling and remained five years. 
 He was engaged in the mercantile business at 
 Darwin, Minnesota, two years, then came to this 
 city, taking charge of the Pacific elevator, which 
 position he has since held. He married Miss 
 Leatliers, of Maine, who died in 1870. His sec- 
 ond wife was Miss Cyphers, of this city. They 
 have six children, the oldest son being a conductor 
 on the St. Paul, Minneapolis and Manitoba Rail- 
 road, running from St. Paul to St. Cloud. 
 
 S. B. Jjoye is a native of New Brunswick, born 
 July 19th, 1835. He moved to Maine in 1855, 
 thence to Kansas, coming to Minneapolis by boat, 
 in 1857. He learned harness making after leav- 
 ing school, at the age of fifteen, and on coming to 
 this city engaged in the harness business. He 
 was formerly a member of the firm of Greeley, 
 Loye and Company, this establishment being one 
 of the first here. He was married in 1861, to 
 Antoinette Palmer, of Hennepin county, who 
 has borne him three sons: William, Edwin, and 
 Albert. Mr. Loye's place of business is 118 
 AVasliington Avenue south. 
 
 Rudolph Lueck, a native of Germany, was bom 
 February 24th, 1838. He came to the United 
 States, in 1866, and spent one year in Wisconsin, 
 at Milwaukee and LaCrosse. In 1867 he located 
 in this city, being in the employ of the Chicago, 
 Milwaukee and St. Paul Railroad car shops imtil 
 1877, when he opened a restaurant and sample 
 room, at 1219, Washington Avenue south, where 
 he has since remained. He married Constance 
 Riepenzike, in 1866. They have one child: Mary. 
 
 JSIary Hale Lufkin, M. D., was born in Jeffer- 
 son county, Indiana, and received her early ed- 
 ucation there. She studied medicine, and grad- 
 uated from the Hygeo Therapeutic College, of 
 New York, in 1863, with the degree of M. D. 
 After graduating she practiced in Indiana until 
 1870, when she removed to Minneapolis and has 
 since practiced here. Her method of treatment 
 is principally by application of various kinds of 
 baths, on hygienic principles, such as electro-ther- 
 mal, improved Turkish, etc. Her establishment 
 is known as the Hygienic Health Institute, and 
 is the only one of the kind ui the city, Located 
 256J First Avenue South. 
 
 Mr. Gus Lundell, partner in business of P.
 
 586 
 
 HISTOBY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 Osander, is a native of Sweden, born April 25th, 
 1846. He attended the public schools in his na- 
 tive country a number of terms, and in 1868 
 emigrated to Quebec, Canada. The same year 
 he removed to Iowa, and engaged in farming 
 until 1871. when he located in MinneapoUs. and 
 entered into partnership with P. Osander, deal- 
 ing in pumps, wind-mills, and general business 
 in wells. 257 First Avenue south. 
 
 A. G. Luudberg, a native of Sweden, was born 
 December 18th, 1847. Here he lived until 1870, 
 during which time he gained a knowledge of 
 shoe-making. He then came to the United 
 States, locating first at Hastings. Minnesota. 
 thence to ilmneapolis in 1872, where he worked 
 at his trade six years, then opened a shop witli 
 ^Ir. Odegard at 12 Second Avenue south. He 
 married Annie Dahlgren, of Sweden, in 1877. 
 They have two children, Ludwig and Ruth. 
 
 C. C. Lyford Y. S., graduated from the Illinois 
 Industrial University m "75. from the McGill Med 
 ical College in 1879, and from the Montreal Yet- 
 ermary College in 1877. He came to Minneapo- 
 lis in March, 1880, and began practicing his pro- 
 fession; he also practiced during vacations of 
 school. Office and infirmary, 309 and 311 Sec- 
 ond Avenue soutli. 
 
 John Lynch, mill-wright of Cataract mill, was 
 born in 1837. He learned the trade of miller in 
 his native country, and at the age of tweuty-thres 
 went to Glasgow, Scotland, and i-emained there 
 imtil 1879 when he came to the United States and 
 located at Minneapolis, working m the Galaxy mill 
 eight mouths, and has since been in the Cataract 
 mill. He was married in 1864 to Catharine Mc- 
 Dounigh who bore him one child, Francis. 
 
 Michael Lyons was born at Longford. Ireland, 
 August loth, 1833. He went to England at the 
 age of twelve, with his parents, and was there 
 reared to manhood. He came to America in the 
 spring of 1853. locating first in Xew York, where 
 he remained four years engaging in plastering, 
 that being his trade. He then came to St. An- 
 thony where he has since remained, working at 
 his trade. He married 2iliss Rose Ann Clary, of 
 St. Anthony, m 1866. Residence, 628 Quincy 
 street. 
 
 Jacob Machmeier, a native of Milwaukee. Wis- 
 consin, was born November 2d, 1855. Wlien fif- 
 teen years of age he commenced learning black- 
 
 smithing and has continued the trade since. He 
 was in different places in Wisconsin until the 
 spring of 1879, when he removed to Fargo, and 
 in the fall of the same year to ^linneapolis. At 
 first he worked for the street car company, then 
 a short time for JSIr. Cramsie. and is now one of 
 the firm of Murphy and Machmeier ; they do all 
 kinds of repairing and job work, and make a 
 specialty of horse shoeing. 
 
 J. H. Mackroth,a native of Germany, was bom 
 in October. 1848, and was given the advantages 
 of a college education. He came to America in 
 1868, and was employed by the Chicago. Burling- 
 ton and Qumcy railroad company as civil en- 
 gineer, until 1870 ; then two years for the Mis- 
 souri, Iowa and Nebraska railroad, and three 
 years in the office of the latter company serving 
 as auditor. After this he went in business for 
 himself, and is now a member of the firm of Clark 
 and Mackroth, dealers in agricultural implements. 
 Mr. Mackroth resides at 1408 Nicollet Avenue. 
 He was married in 1875 to Belle Kelso. Their 
 children are Otis and Stuart. 
 
 1). A. Macurdy, born at Dunbarton, New 
 Ilampshke, in 1832. For many years he kept a 
 general store in liis native state. August 11th, 
 1862 he enlisted in the Fourteenth New Hamp- 
 shire Yolunteers as private, and was promoted to 
 captain : he was honorably discharged July 28th, 
 1865. He went to St. Paul in November, 1878, 
 and after a residence of a few months there, re- 
 moved to this city. In June, 1879, he was em- 
 ployed by the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul 
 railroad company and has has charge of shipping 
 the lumber from this point. He married Salome 
 Fellows in 1852. They have buried their three 
 children. 
 
 C. Madson, a native of Denmark, was born 
 October 11th, 1849. He came to tlie United 
 States in 1871, and located at St. Paul. Here- 
 moved to Minneapolis, and was employed m the 
 Nortli Star Woolen Mills until the spring of 1876; 
 in September of that year he started in the gro- 
 cery trade in partnership with Mr. Johnson. 
 They own the property tliey are occupying, No. 
 1216 \Vestern Avenue. Mr. Madson was mar- 
 ried in 1879 to Lotta Johnson. 
 
 Louis Maeder was born in Switzerland. Janua- 
 ary 1st, 1831. He came to the United States in 
 1854, and passed a few months in Ohio and two
 
 BIOGBAPHICAL. 
 
 587 
 
 years in Indiana; then spent six years in Wiscon- 
 sin in tlie brewing business. In 1862 lie came tn 
 this city and liept the toll house, at the bridge 
 near Orth's brewery, some time, and in 1865 be- 
 came proprietor of the hotel where he now is, at 
 229 Main street, N. E. His marriage witli The- 
 resa Schab took place August 2d, 1862. They have 
 had five children: Elizabeth, Josephine, Cliarles, 
 Albert and Louis. 
 
 W. I). Mahaffy, a native of Ireland, was born 
 September 25th, 1848. He was educated at 
 Queen's College, Belfast. On leaving school he 
 removed to Canada, and located in Toronto, 
 where lie carried on an extensive painting and 
 decorating establishment. In July, 1880, he 
 came to Minneapolis, and contemplates making 
 this his home. 
 
 Mrs. B. Mahoney is the owner and landlady of 
 the Excelsior House, situated at the corner of 
 Second street and Second Avenue. This house 
 was built in 1872; it is 33x60 feet and two stories 
 in height. Mrs. Mahoney was left a widow in 
 1871, with a family of seven children. 
 
 Captain Lewis Maisli \\as born July 2d, l.slO, 
 at York, Pennsylvania. When sixteen years of 
 age, he was apprenticed to the Variety Iron 
 Works of York, and served there four years. In 
 August, 1860, he took an active part in organiz- 
 ing a company, and was appointed second lieu- 
 tenant of Company B, Eighty-seventh Regiment 
 Pennsylvania A^olunteers; he was promoted to 
 captain in October, 1863. In June, 1861, he was 
 captured and held as a prisoner of war for nine 
 months; then he made his escape, and was mus- 
 tered out of service in April, 1865. In Septem- 
 ber, 1867, he came to Minneapolis and has since 
 been in business here; he is a member of the firm' 
 of Hashow, Maisli and Davis of the Variety Iron 
 Works. Mr. Maish was married in 1863 to Jen- 
 nie Gaenslen, Their only living child is Xettie. 
 Mrs. Maish was well known by many of the sick 
 and wounded soldiers for whom she cared. For 
 Iier persistence in aiding the wounded Union sol- 
 diers, she was arrested, by order of a rebel gen- 
 eral, and sent with forty-four Union ladies to 
 Richmond, and incarcerated in "Castle Thun- 
 der" until exchanged. 
 
 August Malnisten, a native of Sweden, was 
 liorn in 1844. He learned the trade of machinist 
 in the old countrv, and in 18G9 came to America. 
 
 He located in Minneapolis and worked at his 
 trade with different firms, until he engaged in 
 business for himself. He was married in this 
 city, in August, 1871, to Miss Annie Johnson. 
 Their children are : Mary, Nellie, Annie and 
 Jennie. The family reside at 1121, Eighth street 
 south. 
 
 William Marriott was born in Nottingham, 
 England, Marcli 27th, 1832. He came to 
 America in 1849, and served an apprenticesliip 
 in Henry Diston's saw works at Philadelphia. 
 After learning his trade he began business in 
 company with Henry Diston, at Cleveland, Ohio, 
 manufacturing saws, files, etc. He made and 
 lost a large fortune, then became discouraged 
 and retired from business for six years, during 
 which time he invented Marriott's celebrated 
 boiler compound. He came to this city in 1879, 
 and was employed by different firms until 1880, 
 when he again went into business, manufactur- 
 ing all kinds of saws, at No. 256, Sixth Avenue 
 south. 
 
 Albert Marsh, born in Aroostook county, 
 Maine, June 21st, 1840. He moved with his 
 parents to Bangor, where he attended the public 
 schools until 1858, when he entered Kent's Hill 
 College, and graduated in the spring of 1861. 
 Soon after leaving school he enlisted in the 
 Second Maine Volunteer Infantry. He was 
 wounded at the second battle of Bull Run, and 
 taken prisoner, but was paroled, and returned 
 just in time to participate in the battle of Fred- 
 ericksburg; another time when he was captured 
 he made his escape by swimming a river. His 
 regiment was mustered out in June, 1863, and 
 the following Septemljer he re-enlisted. He re- 
 ceived four wounds, and was several times taken 
 prisoner, and served until honorably discharged 
 in 1866. He came here in 1878, and since the 
 fall of 1879 has served on the police force. 
 His wife was Eva Sumner. Their children are: 
 Arnold and Fred. 
 
 Jacob Marten was born in (ierniany, in 1838. 
 He came to the United States in 1864, and lived 
 one year in Carver county, Minnesota, engaged 
 in farming. In 1865 he came to this city, worked 
 about five months in a brewery, then was em- 
 ployed in the woolen mills nearly five years, and 
 passed two years in the teaming business. In 
 1872 he erected the buildmg at 1501 AVashington
 
 588 
 
 HISTORY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 Avpnue south, and for four years kept a grocery 
 and feed store. In the summer of 1880 he built 
 at 1507 Washington Avenue south, where he is 
 now located. Jle married Mena Copul in 1867. 
 Their children are: Anna, Mary, Amelia, Lillian, 
 John, and William. 
 
 II. jNI. Martin came to jNIinneapolis in 1857, and 
 worked at printing until 1861, when he enlisted 
 and served three years in the First Minnesota 
 Volunteers; afterwards two years on tlie frontier. 
 In 1866, he returned to this city and again en- 
 gaged in printing until 1868, when he took up his 
 present business. He is located at 209 Xicollet 
 Avenue, and deals in soda, mineral and excelsior 
 wat«'s. October 7th, 1866, he married Matilda 
 Peterson. They have had four children; only two 
 are living. 
 
 Mahlon Martindell, a native of Lambertville, 
 New Jersey was born April 20th, 1839. He 
 learned carpentering, and in 1870, moved to Iowa, 
 where he remained one and one-half years. In 
 1872, he came here and worked in the Washburn 
 A mill, and has since been employed as mill- 
 wright at the different mills of this city. On the 
 18th of January, 1866, his mariage with Kachel 
 Dalrymple took place. Five children have been 
 born to them. Harry, Ella, Laura, Leva, Lille 
 and Bessie. 
 
 Col. Hans Mattson, editor of tlie Stats Tidning, 
 was born in Onestad, Sweden, I)t;cember 23d, 
 1832. He received his primary education at 
 Christianstf-d, Sweden, and at the age of seven- 
 teen, entered military service. Two years later 
 he left the service and emigrated to the United 
 States, arriving in June, 1851. He engaged in 
 various occupations in the eastern states, and the 
 second winter in this country, he mastered the 
 English language. His parents came to this 
 country in 1853, and together they went to Illi- 
 nois. In August of that year, he located with a 
 colony of his countrymen, in Goodhue county. 
 ^Mimiesota, and at once took a prominent position 
 in the public affairs of his township. He specu- 
 lated in lots and lands until the crash of 1857, 
 which left him in debt. He then began the 
 study of law with Warren Bristol, now a judge 
 in Arizona territory, and after one year was ad- 
 mitted to practice. He occupied several promi- 
 nent offices in Goodhue county, and on the break- 
 ing out of the war, enlisted as captain of Com- 
 
 pany D, Third ^Minnesota Infantry. Was pro- 
 moted through the intervening oflices, and came 
 home in 1865 as colonel of his regiment. He then 
 engaged in the practice of law until 1866, when he 
 went to Chicago as editor of a Swedish newspa- 
 per. January, 1867, he returned to Minnesota as 
 secretary of the state board of immigration, and in 
 1869, was elected secretary of state, but went to 
 Europe in tlie interests of railroad corporations, 
 before his term expired, llemained in Europe 
 four years, and returned to this state, and has 
 since resided in Minneapolis. He is chief edi- 
 tor of the Stats Tidning. a Swedish newspaper, 
 and general manager of the Swedish Tribune of 
 Chicago. He was married November 23d, 1855, 
 in the town of Vasa, Goodhue county, to Chers- 
 tin Peterson, who was born in Sweden, April oth, 
 1838. Their marriage ceremony was the first 
 performed in that township. After passing 
 througli many hardships in the course of his life, 
 he is now enjoying the comforts of a happy home. 
 
 Paul Marto, born January 7th, 1848, in Ver- 
 mont. In 1861 he went to Fort Plain, Xew York, 
 and remained until he enlisted, in 1862, in the 
 one lunidred and twenty-eiglith New York Yu\- 
 unteers. After serving three years he returned 
 to Fort Plain, and for live years was engaged in 
 the manufacture of cigars. In 1870 he removed 
 to Minneapolis. He continued in the cigar busi- 
 ness about two years, then went back to New 
 York for a short time, and thence to Bennington, 
 Vermont, where he resided until 1878, when he 
 once more came to this city, and went into business 
 at No. 53 Central Avenue. He married Amanda 
 Clapper, in 1869. 
 
 George Maskell, a native of England, was bom 
 January lltli, 1839, in Essex county. In 1873 he 
 came to the United States, and first located in 
 Clay county, Minnesota, where he was employed 
 in farming until 1874. He then came to this city 
 and opened the lirst meat stall in the new market, 
 where he is still located. Mr. Haskell's family 
 consists of a wife and one son. 
 
 William Massolt, born January 1st, 1831, in 
 Germany. In 1850 he moved to Pennsylvania, 
 and lived at AUentown until 1854, when he went 
 to Seneca county, Ohio. The year following he 
 came to this city, and hence to Stillwater, where 
 lie resided nine years, and then spent four years 
 at Eau Claire, Wisconsin. He returned to Min-
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL. 
 
 589 
 
 neapolis in 1868, and engaged in bottling ginger 
 ale, soda and mineral waters, etc. He is at 126 
 Plymouth Avenue. In 1861 lie married Mary 
 Costmann. Tlieir living children are : Matilda, 
 Albert, Anna, Augusta, Willie, Ida, Lillie, and 
 Charlie. 
 
 A. C. Matthews was born in Montgomery 
 county. New York, February 1st, 1832. He went 
 with his parents to Pennsylvania, and learned 
 carpentering. At the age of twenty-one years he 
 removed to Ohio, and thence to Illinois. In 1861 
 he enlisted in the Seventeenth Illinois, Company 
 D, as private, and was promoted to first lieuten- 
 ant. He was several times wounded, and in 
 February, 1863, resigned on account of disability. 
 At Winona, Minnesota, he was engaged in car- 
 penter work about ten years, and removed to this 
 city in 1873. He was employed at the Washburn 
 "A" and '• B " mills until July, 1878 ; since that 
 time has been at the " C " mill. In 1863 lie mar- 
 ried Jenny Taylor. Their children are : Harry, 
 Charles, Frank, Winnie, George, Ernest, Grace, 
 and a babe. 
 
 Samuel Martty was born in Switzerland, Feb- 
 ruary 25th, 1821. He came to the United States 
 in 1848, and resided in the state of New York 
 until 1852, wlien he removed to Dakota county, 
 Minnesota, and bought a farm. He has made 
 Minneapolis his home since 18G2. In September. 
 1879, he opened a drug store at 103 Plymouth 
 Avenue. Mr. Martty married, in 1846, Margaret 
 Hilflcker. They are tlie parent-s of four children: 
 Mary, Sophie, Othmar, and Lizzie. 
 
 Nicholas Mangen was born May 6th. 1856, in 
 Germany. In 1866 he came to Minneapolis and 
 in 1876 commenced blacksmithing; he also learned 
 the trade of wagon-making, and is now doing a 
 good business. He was formerly in company 
 with Mr. Wier. but in December, 1880, Mr. Man- 
 gen bouglit his partner's interest, and is now 
 manufacturing wagons, sleighs, etc., besides do- 
 ing general blacksmithing. In 1880, he married 
 Annie Jaspers, who has borne him one son. 
 
 Nicholas Mauren was born June 25th, 1842, in 
 Prussia. He came with his parents to America 
 and located at Chicago, Illinois, where he re- 
 mained nine years. In October, 1861, he came to 
 Minnesota and the year following enlisted in 
 Company I, Si.xth Minnesota Volunteers. He 
 was promoted to corporal and served three years. 
 
 being discharged with the regiment in August, 
 1865. On his return he located in Minneapolis, 
 and has since resided here, engaged in the manu- 
 facture of barrels, and is the business manager of 
 the East Side Co-operative Barrel Company. In 
 October, 187 1, he married Anna Thielen. They 
 are the parents of live children. 
 
 E. M. May, a native of New York, was bom 
 Febniary 25th, 1829, in Madison county. When 
 comparatively young, he learned the confection- 
 ery business at Troy, New York, and has fol- 
 lowed it ever since. In 1874 he came to Minne- 
 apolis and has become very popular here as a 
 confectioner and caterer. His marriage with 
 Lydia Smith took place in 1851. at Oxford, Che- 
 nango county. New York. Their family consists 
 of two sons and oiie daughter. 
 
 J. B. JNIaynard was born in Montreal, Canada, 
 January 19th, 1845. He learned milling at home 
 and in 1869 moved to Bochester, New York, and 
 worked at liis trade there five years. After a 
 residence of two years in Illinois, he returned to 
 Bochester, thence to Toronto, Canada, and in 
 January, 1879, came to Minneapolis. Since June, 
 1880, he has had charge of the North Star mill. 
 His wife was Harriet Grieve, whom he married hi 
 1875. She has borne him two children. 
 
 S. McAninch was born in Licking county, 
 Ohio, December 6th, 1846. He accompanied his 
 parents to Valparaiso, Indiana, in 1855. In 1861 
 he enlisted and served three years in the war of 
 the rebellion, participating in the battles of Nash- 
 ville, Altoona, Atlanta, Dalton and many others. 
 After leaving the army lie lived in Indiana five 
 years, then went to Michigan and was employed 
 in a barrel factory there three years. In 1873 he 
 came to this city and was in a planing mill, and 
 worked for Bisbee and Moses until 1877, since 
 which time he has been running stationary en- 
 gines fordifferent parties. He married Ida Hun- 
 ter in 1870. Their children are: Harry and Orvil. 
 
 William McArdlewas born in Ottawa, Canada, 
 October 5th, 1848. He moved to the state of 
 New York in 1865, and lived there two years. In 
 1867 he spent a short time in Kansas in the cattle 
 herding business. He came to Minneapolis and 
 engaged in lumbering until May, 1880. since then 
 has been in the saloon business with Mr. 
 Walker. July 28th, 1879, he married Miss Kate 
 nice, who has borne him one child, Susan Kate.
 
 590 
 
 BISTORT OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 Joseph McCartin. a native of Lonsdale. Rhode 
 Island, was bom November 26th, 1857. When a 
 boy. he came with his parents to Minneapolis, 
 and since 1866 has been in the Union mill, witli 
 the exception of two yeai-s that he was employed 
 in the Xorth Star woolen mills. 
 
 Eev. Tliomas ^leClary. pastor of the Fii-st 
 Methodist Episcopal Church, was born in Canada 
 in 1841. He was licensed to preach in 1859, and 
 appointed to Eureka in 1860. on a salary of fifty 
 dollars; to Glencoe one year, having a revival 
 and making many additions to the church. At 
 Shelbyville one year. St. Peter and Cleveland one 
 year, at Morristown for two years, then to Anoka 
 for three years. Red AVing two years. Then to 
 the Seventh street Methodist Episcopal Church 
 for three yeare. during which time the member- 
 ship was increased from about sixty to three 
 hundred. ' During that time, organized the Wash- 
 ington Avenue Methodist Church, which is now 
 in a flourishing condition. Organized and built 
 a mission chapel on the comer of Cataract and 
 Thud streets, also organized and built a mission 
 chapel on the comer of Eighteenth Avenue south 
 and Twenty-second street. From the Seventh 
 street church he was transferred to the upper 
 Iowa conference as pastor of the Fu-st Methodist 
 Episcopal church at Davenport. Then trans- 
 fened back to ^Minnesota and stationed at Man- 
 kato for three years, paying in that time fifteen 
 hundred dollare of the floating debt, and adding 
 by conversion, some two hundred membei-s to the 
 church. Commenced about tliat time a coui-se of 
 temperance and literary lectures. Among his 
 popular ones are: '-Diana of the Ephesians,"' 
 ■•Henry Wilson," "Struggle for a Home," '-Joan 
 of Arc." and "Sunshine in Labor." Among the 
 many incidents of his eventful life we cannot re- 
 frain from mentioning the following: Weary of 
 traveling on foot over his large circuit, he bought \ 
 a horse for thirty-seven dollars, paying teji dollare 
 down, then a harness had to be improvised : some 
 scraps of leather were obtained and with tow 
 strings for buckles and using an old piece of the 
 britching of an old harness for a breast plate and 
 a bed cord for reins and a jumper for a sleigh, 
 with a white hat on his head and a pair of green 
 goggles on his nose, our hero in the cause of j 
 Methodism started, earning witli him in his 
 primitive rig at times, all there was of Methodism. 
 
 At another time, the ladies made" out of an old 
 three cornered blanket, a coat for him. with the 
 broad stripe around the bottom. When at an- 
 other place a broken merchant gave him a cut- 
 away coat with the sleeves much too short for 
 him, which he wore for a while and then traded 
 with a Pennsylvania farmer for a capacious shad- 
 bellied one, which was afterwards cut up and 
 made into a vest for him. At another place he 
 received for a year's preaching one hundred ears 
 of corn and two chickens, and had to catch them 
 himself and carried them six miles on horseback 
 to get them cooked. At one collection on a very 
 important occasion, after the contents of the con- 
 tribution box had been carefuUy examined and 
 finding only a few pennies and a button or two 
 in it. he with much gra\1ty of manner told them 
 it was not worth a benediction, and dismissed the 
 congregation without it. Married ^Iiss Lizzie 
 Fowble of Ohio. They have four children: Clar- 
 ence O., Clara II.. Ella Zue (the elocutionist), and 
 Corrhie. 
 
 S. J. McCarty wasborn in Ireland. April Ttli. 
 1841. He came to America with his parents in 
 1847, and located at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. 
 At the age of seventeen, he commenced learning 
 the machinisfs trade, and in 1857. moved to 
 ileeker county. Minnesota, but in about three 
 yeare he returned to Pittsburgh and worked at his 
 trade until 18')2. when he came to ilinnesota and 
 tauglit school in Meeker county. In the sprmg 
 of 1869, he came to this city and was employed 
 four months in the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. 
 Paul Railroad shops, then worked six years as 
 foreman of the Xorth Star Iron Works, and for 
 over two years was O. A. Pray"s foreman. Since 
 June, 1880, he has been working at mill machinery, 
 forging and general blacksmithing. He was mar- 
 ried in 18S5 to Lizzie Campbell, who died in 
 1878, leaving four children. 
 
 A. S. McCulloch was born m 1836. in Cumber- 
 land county. Pennsylvania. Until twent\-five 
 years of age, he lived on a farm, then engaged in 
 mercantile business six years, and was for a time, 
 treasurer and collector for the Ilarrisburg and 
 Potomac Railroad Company. He came to Min- 
 neapolis in 1874, formed a partnership with D. 
 M. Gilmore, and engaged in the manufacture of 
 furniture. Their factory is located in South :Min- 
 neapolis.
 
 BIOOBAFHICAL. 
 
 591 
 
 M. McCune, a ilative of Ohio, was born in 1837. 
 He moved to Ripon, Wisconsin, in 1S54, and work- 
 ed at fanning twenty years; he tlien went to Aus- 
 tin, Minnesota, and resided until October, 1880, 
 when he came to this city, and started in the res- 
 taurant and lodging-house business at 18 Wash- 
 ington Avenue north. 
 
 Ernest McDonald was born December 14th, 
 1848, in Maine. lie came west when a child and 
 located at Brooklyn, in 18.53. He removed to 
 Minneapolis in 1859; was in the grocery business 
 and working in tlie pineries until 1875, when he 
 opened a restaurant on Nicollet Avenue; lie re- 
 mained there about three years, then moved to 
 his present location, Boston Oyster House No. 
 200 Hennepin Avenue. His wife was Annie 
 Lewis. Tlieir children are Nellie and Minnie. 
 
 Francis S. McDonald was born June 10th, 1835, 
 in Cumberland county, Maine. At the age of 
 seventeen he went to Saccarappa, and worked in 
 a cotton factory through the summer, and in the 
 fall removed to Lewiston, where he was employed 
 in the same way. After spending one year in 
 Massachusetts, he came to Minnesota. Served 
 one term as coiuity commissioner of Wright 
 county, and was assessor of Otsego. In 1861 he 
 enlisted as private in the Third Minnesota Vol- 
 unteers, and was promoted to orderly sergeant. 
 He had command of his company in the Indian 
 campaign, and was commissioned second lieuten- 
 ant. He re-enlisted in Hatch's Battalion, and 
 was detailed as cleik in the draft rendezvous at 
 Fort Snelling until 1865, when he was mustered 
 out. In 180(1 he was appointed postmaster, which 
 office he held about live years, when he resigned. 
 In 1868 he come to this city, and was employed 
 by different parties until 1874, when he was ap- 
 pointed deputy and afterwards elected, county 
 auditor. He was married in 1857, to Elizabeth 
 Spencer. Their children are : Mary, Frank, 
 Charles, and Nellie. 
 
 James McDaniel was born in Madison county. 
 New York, December 1st, 1847. He went to 
 Manlius, Onondaga county, in 1864, to learn the 
 milling business, and worked there fourteen 
 months. He then returned to Madison comity 
 for one and one-half years, and after residing in 
 Oneida coiuity about a year, he went to Cazenovia. 
 His next move was to Dexter, Michigan, where 
 lie remained two years, and in March, 1874, came 
 
 to this city. He worked several years in the A 
 and B mills, and now occupies the position of 
 head miller in the C. In 1878 he married Fannie 
 Robie, who has borne him one child, Albert. 
 
 John McDonald was born November 2d, 1830, 
 in Maine. In 1847 he went on a whaling expedi- 
 tion. After two years experience lie gave up this 
 business, and sailed for San Francisco. They 
 were totally wrecked on the coast of Panama, but 
 were picked up by another vessel and continued 
 their journey. He traveled about from Califor- 
 nia to the Sandwich Islands, China, Cape Horn, 
 and Columbia, until 1850, when he went to Bos- 
 ton, thence to Mobile, and In 1852 he came to 
 Minnesota and made a claim of 160 acres in 
 Wright county, which he sold two years later, 
 and came here. In 1861 he enlisted, and since 
 being honorably discharged has divided his time 
 between running as pilot on the upper Mississippi 
 and lumbering. He married ^Slary J. Wood, in 
 1862. Of their three children but one is living. 
 Addle C. 
 
 John W. McDonald, born January 17th, 1842, 
 in Canada. He worked at milling there five 
 years, and in 1866 moved to Faribault, Minne- 
 sota, continuing in the same business. He 
 then spent two years at Clinton Falls, nine 
 months at Mantorville, one year at Northfield, 
 and in 1871 came here. He was- employed at the 
 Washburn B, the Zenith, the Palisade and the 
 Humboldt mills until the explosion, since which 
 time he has been at the Pettit. His marriage 
 with Mrs. Sarah Coburn took place in January, 
 1871. Their children are: Agnes and Irving. 
 
 P. McDonald, a native of Canada, was born 
 April 4th, 1848. He went to Maine in 1864, and 
 remained six months, then followed lumbering 
 eiglit years in Michigan, and was two years in 
 Wisconsin, engaged in the saloon and lumber 
 busuiess. In 1877 he came to this city, continu- 
 ing in the lumbering business until he opened 
 his sample room on Hennepin Avenue. 
 
 Father James McGolrick, the subject of this 
 sketch, is a native of Tipperary, Ireland, where 
 lie received a thorough theological education in 
 All Hallow's College, Dublin. Upon the com- 
 pletion of his studies in 1867, he came to America, 
 remaining one year in St. Paul, where he was 
 engaged as assistant priest at tlie Cathedral. In 
 1868 he came to Minneapolis, and soon there-
 
 592 
 
 mSTOBY OF REKNEPIN COVNTT. 
 
 after seemed the grounds on which his house is 
 located; first erected a small frame building in 
 which services were held until his new church 
 the first Catholic church on the West Side, was 
 built and dedicated. He has heen foremost in 
 every good work connected witli liis society, and 
 is universally esteemed by the citizens of Min- 
 neapolis, irrespective of sectarian association or 
 religious views. 
 
 S. X. McGaughey was bom in 1827, at Mount 
 Carmel. Indiana. In 1847 he went to Decatur 
 county, and was in the saw-mill business nine 
 years; then moved to Minnesota and worked at 
 farming six or seven years. He then passed 
 some months at Red Wing, dealing in wheat, and 
 in 1863 came to this city. For a while he was 
 employed in manufacturing pumps; afterward 
 spent two years with the North Star Iron Works, 
 and one year in the fence works, eince 1875 he 
 has been in the Union Planing Mill. In 1848 he 
 maiTied Isabella Wynn. Their children are Vi- 
 ola, Margarette and Cora. 
 
 William ilcGregor was bom in Montreal, Can- 
 ada, March 6th, 1852. After receiving a liberal 
 education in Ids native place, he embarked in the 
 groceiy business in 1875 and continued it until 
 coming to Minneapolis in 1879, when for one 
 year he was in the oil busuiess. In 1880 he bought 
 an interest in the meat market of Salladaand 
 Company, 727 Washington Avenue south. 
 
 A. G. McKenzie, born November 11th, 1821, in 
 Beaver county, Pennsylvania. From 1840 until 
 1850, he acted as pilot of a steamboat on the 
 Ohio river, and then came to St. Anthony and 
 was in the employ of Benson and Patterson in 
 the stage line. He was in a liotel near Fort 
 Suelling about two years; then returned and 
 opened a restaurant in St. Anthony. In 1863 he 
 went East, but came here again in 1865, and went 
 into the sutler's department at Fort Snelling. 
 He passed eighteen months at the Black Hills, and 
 traveled from 1874 until 1880, when he opened a 
 restaurant at 113 Central Avenue. His wife 
 was Joanna Christmas; their marriage took place 
 in June, 1852. Three children have been born to 
 them: Don Carlos, Isaac and Harry. 
 
 K. II. McLaskey, a native of New Bmnswick, 
 was born in 1844. He lived t«o years in Iowa, 
 and in 1872 removed to Minneapolis. He was 
 in the lumbering business three years, and for the 
 
 past five years has been connected w ith the mills 
 of this city. July ISth, 1867, Mr. McLaskey 
 married Josephine Kildea. They have had five 
 children: Henry. Frank, Willie. Cora and Ernest. 
 
 Peter McKernan was Ijorn in Ireland, Decem- 
 ber, 1833. He came to America in 1848, and re- 
 ceived his education in New York., In 1857 he 
 came toilinneapolisand worked at farming until 
 1861, when he enlisted in Hatch's battahon and 
 served until honorably discharged in 1865. He 
 returned to this city, and from 1872 acted as 
 street commissioner, until he entered the police 
 force, in which he serves as patrol. In Februan", 
 1857, he married Ellen Eochford. Tliey have 
 had five children. Ellen. Margaret, Ferrel, Peter 
 and ilary. Only ilary survives. 
 
 James McMillan, a native of Maine, was bom 
 October 24th, 1856. in Oxford county. In 1872 
 he came to ^linneapolis and was employed in the 
 North Star woolen mill, in the wool and sheep- 
 skin department, until 1876, when, with a part- 
 ner, he started in his present business. They are 
 at 109 First Avenue south, and deal in hides, 
 wool, tallow, etc. 
 
 James McMullen was born July 21st, 1824, at 
 Beading, Pennsylvania. When ten years of age 
 he went as cabin boy on tlie bark White Oak. 
 He followed the sea, on various vessels, until 
 1849, visiting all parts of the world, and the last 
 three years being captain of vessels in the West 
 India ti-ade. On leavung the water, in 1849, he 
 moved to St. Anthony, with his family. He 
 worked several yeare at carpentering, and then 
 went into the general merchandise business, with 
 H. Morrison, at Pine Bend. He built a shingle 
 mill on the St. Anthony Water Power Company's 
 dam. In 1878 it was moved and his present saw- 
 mill erected. Mr. Mcilullen was several years a 
 member of the St. Anthony city council. In 
 1849 he married Charlotte McKniglit. who has 
 borne him three children: the living are Albert 
 and Willie. 
 
 Albert E. ^McMullen was born Jime 30, ISol, in 
 ^linneapolis.and was one of the first white children 
 bom in this citv'. He attended the public schools 
 and University, and assisted his father, who was 
 a contractor, until twenty years old, when he en- 
 gaged as book-keeper and teller in the Exchange 
 and Savings Bank. He occupied the same posi- 
 tions and that of cashier, in different banks until
 
 BIOOBAFHICAL. 
 
 593 
 
 1879, since tlien be has given his whole attention 
 to the lumber mill in which he is a partner ; he is 
 also one of the firm of Wilcox and Co., who own 
 a general store at Big Stone Lake. In 1878 he 
 married Minnie Wilcox ; she has borne him one 
 son. 
 
 George McMullen was born in March, 1819, at 
 Ottawa, Canada. He learned the trade of con- 
 tractor from his father. In 18.57, he left his na- 
 tive city, came to Minneapolis and has since fol- 
 lowed his trade here. As an evidence of his 
 popularity and worth, we mention some of the 
 leading buildings of the city which he erected. 
 In 1860 he built Harrison's block, the oldest cut 
 stone building here; MendenhalFs bank, resid- 
 ence and gieen house ; T. A. Harrison's house ; 
 the Centenary Methodist Church; St. Mark's 
 Episcopal Church; the Athena>um ; City Hall; 
 Church of the Immaculate Conception; Wash- 
 burn A and C mill, two stone elevators belonging 
 to the Washburn mills, tlie dam wall for Wash- 
 burn and Company, foundation for the MillerS) 
 Association elevator, and Taylor's mill ; also the 
 anchors for the suspension bridge and finished 
 the towers ; he built the stone arch bridge ; North 
 Star Iron Works ; the Pillsbury A mill ; and is 
 now at work on the James Hill canal. 
 
 R. S. McMurdy, M. D.,was born July, 1824, at 
 Albany, New York. He received his education 
 there, and graduated from the Albany Medical 
 College in 1846; for several years he was city 
 physician of that place. He practiced for a time 
 in Ohio, and since the spring of 1873 has been in 
 Minneapolis. Dr. McMurdy married in 1847. 
 His wife died, leaving one cliild, Robert C. His 
 second wife was Mary Pease, whom he married 
 in 1873. They have two children. 
 
 W. W. McNair, of the law lirni Lochren Mc- 
 Nair and Gilflllan, was born in 1836, in New 
 York. In 18-54, he went to Wisconsin , and March, 
 1857, removed to this city. Soon after liis arrival 
 in Minneapolis, he was admitted to practice in 
 the United States territorial court. He has re- 
 peatedly been nominated by his party, but has 
 never held office, with tlie exception of being 
 coimty attorney in 1861-2, mayor of St. An- 
 thony two years, and several times a member 
 of school boards. In 1862, he married Louise, 
 sister of Hon. E. M. Wilson, of this city. Tliey 
 
 are the parents of two children. 
 38 
 
 W. D. McNiece, a native of "Vermont, was 
 bom October 3d, 1845, iii Orange county. In 
 1861, he went to New York city, remained eight 
 years. He was four years in the drug trade in 
 St. Lawrence county, and then returned to New 
 York city, where he resided until 1878, when he 
 came to Minneapolis and l)eeame a partner of Mr. 
 Bohan, in tlie boot and shoe business, 104 Central 
 Avenue. 
 
 William McVeigh, a native of Ottawa City. 
 Ontario, Canada, was born June 5th, 1839. He 
 came to Minneapolis in 1872, and was in the car- 
 pet and dry goods business with McConnell and 
 Company, six years. In August, 1880, he became 
 a partner of Mr. Kenyon in an extensive whole- 
 sale and retail carpet business. 
 
 Daniel McWaters was born in Muirkirk, Ayre- 
 shire, Scotland. He came to America in 1866, 
 and to Minneapolis in 1875. He engaged with 
 the North-western foundry as foreman, and re- 
 mained with tlie company until the spring of 
 1880, when he formed a partnership with R. Feet 
 in an establishment known as the Minneapolis 
 Brass Works. January, 1875. he married Sarah 
 Paul. They are the parents of two children: 
 
 J. O. r. Meagher was born in 1852, at St. Paul. 
 He went to Troy, New York, and learned the 
 laundry and dyeing business. He returned to 
 Minnesota and in 1879 bought the place where he 
 is now in business. No. 26 Second street north. 
 The works are run by steam, and it is in every 
 way a first-class institution. 
 
 George H. Mead was bom at Waukegan, Illi- 
 nois, in 1847. He became a resident of Minneap- 
 olis in the fall of 1865. He was in tlie omnibus 
 company twelve years, then formed a partnership 
 with Mr. Robinson. They are now proprietors of 
 a livery, boarding and sale stable at 220 Third 
 street south. 
 
 Henry Melstroh was born in 1833, in Germany. 
 He came to the United States in 1864, locating 
 in Carver county, Minnesota, and worked one 
 year at tailoring. In 1865 he came to this city, 
 and the next year went to Stillwater, where he 
 resided until 1873. when he returned to Minne- 
 apolis. In 1876 he removed to his present loca- 
 tion in the American House, No. 800, Marshall 
 street. East Division. January, 1869, he mar- 
 ried Racliel Macks. They have three children; 
 the living are: Joseph and Katie.
 
 594 
 
 HISTORY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 R. J. Mendenliall, loan agent, was born in 
 Guilford oounty, North Carolina. November 25th, 
 1828. lie attended sdiool a few years in New 
 England, then went to Ohio, and in 1853 re- 
 turned to North Carohna. Tlie next year he 
 went to New York, and in 1855 to Iowa as civil 
 engineer; the year following he came to this city, 
 and has since been in business here. On his 
 arrival in Minneapolis he could not find a dray 
 to haul his trunk and was obliged to get a wlieel- 
 barrow. Mr. Mendenhall was married February 
 11th, 1858, to Abby Swift, of Massachusetts. 
 They have no children. 
 
 J. C. Menor, born December 24th, 1847, in 
 Ashland county, Ohio. lie learned the mill- 
 ing business in his native town, and came to this 
 city in 1873; he remained only about three 
 months, and went to Red Wing, where he was 
 employed as second miller. He returned to ilin- 
 neapolis in June, 1874, and was with E. V. 
 AVhite two years. He then went to Lanesboro, 
 and remained until July, 1878, when he returned 
 and fitted up the Standard mill, where he has 
 since occupied the position of head miller. 
 
 Gregor Menzel was born in Bielendorf, in the 
 province of Silesia, Prussia, August 21st, 1826. 
 For his family record, see volume eleven, page 
 397, of American Cyclopedia. His father died 
 before Gregor's buth, but his last request was 
 that if his offspring was a boy, and lived, he 
 should learn a trade. When five years of age 
 he nearly lost his life in a flood, which swept 
 away their Uttle home and nearly all the property 
 his mother possessed. When ten years old he 
 went on foot across the mountains to Friedeberg, 
 Austria, to live with an uncle, and fulfill his fa- 
 ther's last wish. In July, 1842, having learned 
 the blacksmith's trade, he returned on foot to 
 Prussia, and went to work in a large machine 
 shop, near Glatz, to learn the machinist's trade. 
 After this he considered it necessary to travel and 
 work in different jilaces, in order to perfect him- 
 self as a mechanic. He walked to Breslau, 
 Frankfort, Berlin, Hamburg, and Bremen, being 
 employed in different shops. While working 
 near the latter place, he became acquainted 
 with Henrietta 1). Roesner, whom he married. 
 Soon after, they started for this country, stopped 
 a short time in London, and arrived at New York 
 April 7th, 1847. He at once commenced work 
 
 with James Bogardus, the celebrated inventor 
 (see volume two, page 780, American Cyclopedia) 
 and worked for him until August, 1850, when he 
 removed to Alilwaukee. He was given the posi-' 
 tion of foreman in the machinery department of 
 the Menominee Locomotive Jilanufacturing Com- 
 pany, and held the situation until December 1st, 
 1854, when he went into partnership with L. 
 Keuck, and under the name of Menzel and Keuck, 
 carried on steam engine building. In 1855, M. 
 and M. Stone bouglit Mr. Keuck's interest, and 
 the new firm name was Menzel, Stone and Com- 
 pany. They were also extensively engaged in 
 manufacturing threshing machines, and in 1855, 
 made the first threshing engine used in the west. 
 The following year he took an active part in poli- 
 tics, helped organize the Repidilican party, and 
 was the presidential elector from the first district 
 of Wisconsin, and cast his vote for John C. Fre- 
 mont and Dayton, in the electoral college. On 
 the first of February, 1857, Messrs. Cummings 
 and Goodrich bought the Stone interest. The 
 shop was moved and enlarged, and carried on un- 
 der the name of Menzel, Cummings and Good- 
 rich. The same year the first elevator was built 
 in JSIihvaukee, by Angus Smith and Company. 
 For tins he manufactured the engine, boiler, and 
 all the other machinery and iron work. He also 
 made the first mash machine driven by power in 
 that city, for Y. Blatz's brewery. After years of 
 prosperity, came reverses. The financial crisis of 
 1857, which swept the whole country, relieved 
 him of all his hard earnings. He then devoted 
 his time to inventions. He obtained a patent on 
 a steam boiler, April 5th, 1859 (see Patent Office 
 Report of 1859, and for cut see Scientific Ameri- 
 can of October 1st, 1859), and also on a fire and 
 burglar-proof safe, April 24th, 18S0 (see Patent 
 Oflice Report of 1S60). One of his large safes 
 was bought by J. Dean and Company of this city, 
 in 18G6. In the spring of 1860, he took an eight- 
 stamp steam quartz-mill to Colorado, put it in 
 operation, and returned with the intention of 
 building another quartz-mill to work the claims he 
 secured in Colorado ; but the rebellion broke out, 
 and his i)lans were frustrated. In the fall of 
 1861, he took charge of the elevator and engines 
 for Angus Smith and Company, and remained 
 with them luitil Jiuie lltli, 1864, when he accepted 
 ed the position of superintendent of the Bay State
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL. 
 
 595 
 
 Iron Maniifactui'ing Company, at that time the 
 largest works of the kind in Milwaukee. His first 
 work there was to bnikl a 250 horse-power, low- 
 pressure beam engine, it being tlie first in that city, 
 and was built for Mr. Smith's new elevator, A. In 
 18(i6 the steam engine, boiler, etc., were built under 
 his supervision for J. Dean and Company's Pa- 
 cific mill, and August 16th of that year he ar- 
 rived in Minneapolis, to put the machinery in the 
 mill. It was accomplished on the 8th of October, 
 and the firm were so well pleased with his work 
 that they presented him with one hundred dol- 
 lars, as a token of appreciation. He liked this 
 city so well that he determined to make it his 
 home, in time. July 1st, 1868, he bouglit an in- 
 terest in the Cream City Iron Works, in Milwau- 
 kee, and the business was carried on under the 
 name of Menzel, Stowell and Company, until 
 November, 1870, when he withdrew from the 
 firm, to come to Minneapolis and accept the posi- 
 tion offered him as superintendent of the North 
 Star Iron Works, of this city. The following is 
 some of the work done under his supervision : 
 the celebrated saw-mill of W. D. Wasliburn and 
 Company, at Anoka, also Isaac Staples', at Still- 
 water ; the engine at the Nicollet House, engine 
 and machinery in the City Hall, including passen- 
 ger and freight elevator, the first in the city ; the 
 engines at Captain Eollins' saw-mill, Barnard and 
 Company's factory, etc.; he also designed all of 
 the above machinery. On the first of April, 1874, 
 he formed a partnership with his son, Charles G., 
 and D. C. Howard, to establish the Nortliwestem 
 Foundry. The works are located on the corner 
 of Third street and Tenth Avenue south, on the 
 Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Railway. The 
 first gray iron castings were made July 13th, and 
 the first car-wheels, first in the city, were cast 
 October 12th, 1874. On the 1st of September, L. 
 V. N. Blakeman bought the interests of C. G. 
 Menzel and D. C. Howard, and the business is 
 still carried on under the name of G. Menzel and 
 Company. It may well be said of the firm, they 
 have a good, hard-earned reputation. His family 
 circle, until their arrival here, was unbroken, and 
 consisted of his wife Henrietta, Maggie II., Car- 
 rie M., Charles G., Minnie A., and Emma D.; but 
 to his great sorrow, his eldest and beloved daugh- 
 ter, Maggie H., passed away, January 24th, 1872. 
 T. E. Mercer, a native of lUinois, was bom at 
 
 Peoria, June 27th, 1850. He came to Minneapo- 
 lis in 1864, and attended school several years, two 
 of which were spent at the University. He 
 moved to Grinnell, Iowa and engaged in the hotel 
 business and followed it until 1877, when he re- 
 turned to this city and was in the grocer^' busi- 
 ness until April 15th, 1880. He then opened the 
 restaurant and oyster house on Tliird street, be- 
 tween Nicollet and Hennepin Avenue. He mar- 
 ried Emma Brown, May 15th, 1872. 
 
 O. C. Merriman, born Julv 27th, 1827, in St. 
 LavsTence county, New York. From 1854 until 
 1859 he resided in Wisconsin, then removed to St. 
 Anthony, and has since been identified with this 
 place. For a time he engaged in the practice of 
 law, but since 1870 has been in the lumber 
 business ; he was a member of the firm of L. But- 
 ler and Company. The firm of Merriman, Bar- 
 rows and Company, as at present organized, dates 
 from April, 1878. Mr. Merriman's wife was 
 Rosanna Herring of St. Lawrence county, New 
 York ; tlieir marriage took place in 1854. They 
 have four boys and one girl living. • 
 
 Charles Metzger was born May 19th, 1842, at 
 Albany, New York. In 1849 he accompanied his 
 parents to Galena, Illinois, where he lived until 
 1856 ; in the fall of that year he came to Minne- 
 sota and settled in St. Paul, wliere he learned the 
 painter's trade. He enlisted in 1861 and was dis- 
 charged in 1862. He re-enlisted in 1864, serving 
 until the close of the war. Since 1870 he has 
 lived in tliis city and been employed as painter 
 and house decorator. September 12th, 1865, he 
 married Charlotte Halgren of Illinois, 
 
 Fritz Metzke, a native of Prussia, was bom 
 May 2d, 1827. He came to the United States in 
 1852 and located in Cliicago. He was in the hat, 
 cap and fur business until July, 1880, when he 
 came here and opened what is known as the Chi- 
 cago Exchange, at 117 Nicollet Avenue. In 1854 
 he married Ino Kirchner. They have had seven 
 children, only two are living. 
 
 John I). Meyer, a native of Germany, was born 
 November 28th, 1820. He came to the United 
 States in 1852 and lived in New York two years. 
 He removed to St. Louis and two years later to 
 La Crosse, Wisconsin, being all the while engaged 
 in the dyeing business. In 1866 he came to this 
 city ; his steam dyeing establishment is at No. 
 2 Hennepin Avenue. He married Mary Sefried
 
 596 
 
 EISTOEY OF BENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 November otli. 1857. They have six children: 
 Amelia, Mary, Bertha, Emma, Olga and John. 
 
 Jacob Meyrs was bom in New York, June 12th, 
 1840. He was employed in farming and teaming 
 nntil 1866. since then he has been a resident of 
 Minneapolis, and is a member of the firm of 
 Meyi-s and Davis, dray Hne. In October, 1870, 
 he married Carrie Ilinglesback. Their children 
 are: Clara, Mary and Amelia. 
 
 J. W. Miehie was born in Canada, in 1851. 
 His father being a miller, he has been in that busi- 
 ness since early boyhood. In 1876, he came to 
 Minneapolis, and since that time, has been em- 
 ployed by the Pillsburys in the different mills. 
 His marriage with Delphia Lawrence, occurred 
 in this city. February lOtli, 1879. One child has 
 been bom to them. Charles. 
 
 ^X. A. ]SIiller. manager of the jSlinneapolis de- 
 partment of the Pioneer Press, commenced his 
 career in a printing office, where he ser\'ed a reg- 
 ular apprenticeship of seven years, mastering 
 every detail of the business, but having a love 
 for mercantile pursuits, abandoned the trade. 
 Engaging in business, became a traveler, and, in 
 the course of time, made the grand circuit of the 
 globe. "When the war of the rebellion broke out, 
 he was in Australia, but upon receipt of the 
 news, immediately started for home, and entered 
 the I'nion service. He came to Minneapolis in 
 November, 1875, and at once was placed in 
 charge of the Minneapolis brancli of the Pioneer 
 Press, to which he is at present devoting all his 
 time and energies. 
 
 J. H. Miller, a native of Oswego county, New 
 York, was bom December 9th, 1 852. He learned 
 the milling business at home, and in December, 
 1872, came to Minneapolis and engaged with C. 
 A. Pillsbury as night grinder, after that, he 
 worked as stone-dresser. He then had charge of 
 the Empire mill six months, after which he 
 worked one year at the Pillsbury mill, and since 
 August, 1878, he has occupied the position of 
 head miller at the Excelsior. 
 
 J. "\V. Miller, born April 22d, 1858, at Chateau- 
 gay, New York. At the age of fifteen, he went 
 to Malone, learned the tinner's trade, and worked 
 there until 1878. at which time he removed to 
 this city. He worked for Stafford and Company 
 until April, 1879, when he started for himself in 
 the stove and hardware business. In September, 
 
 1880. Mr. Smith became his partner, forming a 
 young, enterprising and prosperous firm. Mr. 
 Miller man-ied in 1878, Jennie Heath. They 
 have one child, Mary. 
 
 AValter JSIiller, a native of England, came to 
 the United States in 1869, and located in Min- 
 nesota City. He remained there two years, en- 
 gaged in milling, having learned that business in 
 England. He then lived in Lanesboro about one 
 and one-half years, and from that time was em- 
 ployed in different mills in this state imtil May 
 1880; since then he has been working as packer 
 in the Standard mill of this city. 
 
 Sylvester Mills came to Minneapolis in 1855, 
 and for seven years worked a farm in this town- 
 ship. He now has a bowling saloon and bar at 
 16, Second street south. 
 
 David A. Milne, bom March 15th, 1853, in 
 Canada. In 1864 he went to Cedar Falls, Iowa, 
 and the next year commenced working in a mill. 
 He removed to Nashua in 1871 , and for two years 
 had charge of E. P. Greely"s mill; he then came 
 to this city, and was employed by !Mr. Cahill one 
 year. In the spring of 1864 he rented the ^loney 
 Creek Mill, at Houston, Minnesota. From there 
 went to Salem, Wisconsin, and in 1877. returned 
 to Minneapolis. He was with Washburn until 
 July, 1879, and since then has been at the 
 CJalaxy. where he is the head miller. He mar- 
 ried Emma Pattison, August 19th 1875. 
 
 Charles A. Mitchell, business manager of the 
 Tribune, was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts, 
 September 16th, 1845. His first business ven- 
 ture was in connection with the Boston Gold 
 Mining Company, in the fall of 1865. The com- 
 pany sent him to Colorado, where he remained 
 two years and six months. Thence he retumed 
 to Boston, remained there until June 7, 1869, 
 when he came to Minneapolis and became iden- 
 tified with the newspapers of this city in July, 
 1873, first taking charge of the circulation of the 
 St. Paul Pioneer, in Minneapolis. He remained 
 with the Pioneer, and its successor, the I'ioneer 
 Press, until 1876, when that paper was consoli- 
 dated with the Morning Tribune and the Even- 
 ing Mail. Mr. Milchell at that time purchased 
 the circulation, of the ^lail and the Tribune, 
 and continued the owner as long as the Pioneer 
 Press company owned the Tribune, and after it 
 passed into the hands of the present company,
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL. 
 
 597 
 
 up to March 9tli, when he was made manager of 
 the Tribune. Mi: Mitchell was married in No- 
 vember, 1878, to Miss Mary J. Church, of Boston, 
 Massachusetts. 
 
 Amos L. Miner was born November 27th, 1S87, 
 in Clinton county, New York. He lived with his 
 parents until thirteen years of age, when he nent 
 to East Salem and clerked in a store for his 
 brother, about two years. He then removed with 
 his brothers to Juneau, Wisconsin, thence to 
 Horicon, and after one year to St. Croix county, 
 where he learned the trade of mill-wright. In 
 1862 he enlisted in the Thirtieth Wisconsin Vol- 
 unteers, and served three years. He came to this 
 city in June, 1866, and was one year with Web- 
 ster and Pray, then went to Polk county and 
 worked a farm five years. In 1871 he returned, 
 and for nearly two years had charge of the mill- 
 furnishing department of Lee and Hardenbergh's 
 iron-works. He invented a middlings purifier, 
 and manufactured them, in partnership with Ilar- 
 denbergh and Fender, until October, 1873, when 
 he sold his interest to O. A. Pray, and acted as 
 superintendent of the old Minnesota Iron- Works, 
 until Jime 1st, 1878, when he became a partner in 
 the firm of O. A. Pray and Company. He mar- 
 ried Sarah Beede in 1859. Their children are: 
 Adella, Mary, Lydia and Charles; one died in in- 
 fancy. 
 
 John Mittwer, a native of Prussia, was born 
 March 30th, 1844. He came to the United States 
 in 1868, and has resided in Minneapolis most of 
 the time since. He worked at painting, and af- 
 terward in a hardware store until 1875 when he 
 engaged in trade for himself. He owns the 
 building which he now occupies, 1301 Washing- 
 ton Avenue north, and is doing a good business 
 in hardware. In 1870 he married Frederica 
 Weiss, who has borne him one child, Julius. 
 
 Louis Moelchert, born in 1851, is a native of 
 Prussia. In 1873 he came to Minneapolis, and 
 was employed for five years in the hardware 
 trade, part of the time selling goods on the road. 
 In June, 1879, he fitted up and opened his present 
 place of business, 503 Washington Avenue nortli. 
 His wife was Miss Anna Brown ; their marriage 
 occurred in 1875. They are the parents of two 
 children: Etta and Minne. 
 
 E. Mohr, a native of Germany, was born in 1854. 
 He emigrated to the United States in 1871, and 
 
 located at Sheboygan, Wisconsin. In 1879 lie re- 
 moved to Minneapolis and engage! in the bakery 
 business at the corner of Fif tli street and Sixth 
 Avenue south. His marriage with Mary Toi-pe 
 occurred September 30th, 1877. They have two 
 children: Paul and Minnie. 
 
 A. P. Molin, is a native of Sweden, born April 
 3d, 1851. He came to the United States in 1869, 
 making Cliicago his liome two years. After taking 
 a tour throughout the country he came to this city 
 in 1873, and has since made this his place of resi- 
 dence. In 1876 he became one of the partners in 
 the firm of Ryberg and Company in the Stockholm 
 meat-market. 
 
 M. C. Mooney was born October 29th, 1854, at 
 Newport, Vermont. In 1866 he went to Boston, 
 Massachusetts, and worked at the meat trade in 
 Faneuil Hall Market, and in the same business at 
 Cambridge, Massachusetts, until March, 1879, 
 when he removed to ^ilinneapolis, and in August 
 of the year following, bought an interest in the 
 firm of Barker and Company, 717 Washington 
 Avenue south. 
 
 Professor John G. Moore was born in Germany 
 in November, 1848. His father dying, Mr. Moore 
 in 1863, came to America with his guardian, and 
 went to Oswego county, New York. At the 
 close of the war. he made a tour through the 
 South, and then went to New Haven, Connecticut. 
 After attending sjhool for a time, he returned to 
 Oswego county, entered the academy at Mex- 
 ico, where he fitted for college, and entered Cor- 
 nell University whence he graduated after a four 
 years course. After graduating, he held the po- 
 sition of instructor in German in Trumansburg 
 Academy, in Tompkins county, for two years. 
 In 1873 he received an offer from the State Uni- 
 versity, which he accepted, and after being em- 
 ployed as instructor in German for two years was 
 appointed Professor of German, which he still 
 retams. Professor Moore was married, in 1877, 
 to Miss Anna Cole of Sene a, New York. They 
 have one child, William C. 
 
 H. G. O. Morrison was born in Livermore, 
 Maine, January 24th. 1817. In the spring of 
 1834 he went into a printing-office at Gardner, 
 and from there to Bangor the following Decem- 
 ber, where he engaged on the Bangor AV'hig and 
 Courier. He graduated at the Bangor high 
 school, and read law with Appleton and UiU, the
 
 598 
 
 HISTORY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 former now chief justice Appleton. He was 
 admitted to the bar in the fall of 1838, and began 
 practice at Sebec, Maine. He was elected to the 
 Mauie legislature in the fall of 1840. and served 
 in the session of 1841. He continued the prac- 
 tice of his profession in Maine until 1855, when 
 he came to St. Anthony, and two years later went 
 to Dakota county and started the town of Pine 
 Bend, remaining there twelve years. He served 
 in the legislature of Minnesota during the ses- 
 sions of 1860-"61. In 1862 was appomted by 
 President Lincoln, assessor of the internal rev- 
 enue for the congressional district, which then 
 comprised the northern part of the state, and 
 held the position imtil 186-5 or 1866. He moved 
 to St. Paul in 1869, and remained until 1872, 
 when he returned to this city. AVas deputy col- 
 lector of internal revenue from 1869 to 1873, and 
 since then has been in the practice of law. He 
 is now a member of the firm of Morrison and 
 Fitch. He was married in 1841 to Maria F. 
 Lovejoy, of Maine; she died nine years after, 
 leaving no children. He was married the second 
 time at the cathedral. St. Paul, to Rebecca Xew- 
 ell. They have three children living, David 
 Whipple. Samuel Benjamin and Stanford. 
 
 A. C. Morrison was born October 10th. 1841, at 
 Xorthfield, New Hampshire. He came to St. 
 Anthony in December, 1854. and worked with his 
 father in liis mill five years; then went to Castle 
 Eock, Minnesota, and worked on a farm two 
 years. He enlisted in the Fourth Minnesota Vol- 
 unteers, and served nearly four years; after being 
 mustered out, he returned to this city and has 
 since been employed in the different mills here. 
 He has acted as engmeer for Wheaton, Refolds 
 and Company since March. 1880. He married 
 Annette Carlton in July. 1873. 
 
 Clinton Morrison was born January 21st, ]842,at 
 Livermore, Maine. He was educated in his na- 
 tive town, and in 1855, came with his parents to 
 Minneapolis. In 1863, he engaged in the mer- 
 cantile business, and afterwards in lumber busi- 
 ness; since 1878 has been interested in the Min- 
 neapolis Harvester Works, being vice-president 
 of the company. Mr. IMorrison manled Julia 
 Washburn, of Massachusetts, in February, 1873. 
 They have one child, Ethel. 
 
 Elisha ^Morse was born Januan- 12th. 1831, at 
 South Paris, Maine. He went to California in > 
 
 1852. remained about two years, and removed to 
 Macomb. lUiuois, where he was in the real es- 
 tate business until he enlisted, in 1862, in Seventy- 
 eighth Illinois Volunteers as private, and was 
 promoted to first lieutenant. He was captured 
 and held a prisoner seventeen months; after he 
 rejoined his rej;iment. he was commissioned cap- 
 tain, and was honorably discharged in June, 1865. 
 The following spring he came here, and for a 
 time engaged in the purchase of flour for eastern 
 markets; then was in the wholesale grocerv' trade 
 three years with Messrs. Stephens and Xewell, 
 and has since been doing an extensive real estate 
 and loan business. April, 1859, he married Liz- 
 zie Pillsbun,', who has borne him six children; 
 the living are, George, Mary, Edward, William 
 and Frank. 
 
 Frank L. Morse, a native of Vermont, was 
 born January, 1837, at Johnson. April, 1858, he 
 came to St. Anthony. At the first Minneapolis 
 election he was chosen alderman, and was three 
 times re-elected to that office: he was also elected 
 to represent this district in the legislature in 1871, 
 and four times re-elected. Mr. Morse was mar- 
 ried in Chicago. June, 1879, to Catherine Cimi- 
 mings, of Burlington, Vermont. 
 
 George A. Morse was bom in Peterborough, 
 HUlsborough county, New Hampshire, July 6th, 
 1836. He moved to Lowell, Massachusetts, in 
 1852, and two years later to Lewistown, Maine. 
 In October, 1864, he come to this city, and the 
 year following, started in the book and stationery 
 business; he is located at 206 Central Avenue. 
 Mr. Morse's family consists of a wife and one son. 
 
 Elias W. Mortimer was born at Hastings. Eng- 
 land. May 34th, 1837. He came to America and 
 located at St. Paul in 1855, working at the baker's 
 trade. In 1863 he enlisted in the Fifth Minne- 
 sota Infantry and ser\ed until the fall of 1865; 
 when discharged he was orderly sergeant of com- 
 pany F. He returned to Minnesota and has since 
 been employed by the St. Paul, Minneapolis and 
 Manitoba railway company. He Is now baggage 
 agent of the Northern Pacific railroad, the Chi- 
 cago, St. Paul. Minneapolis and Omaha railway, 
 and general baggage agent for the Minneapolis 
 and St. Louis railroad. His wife was Altanice 
 Hayford of Farmers\'ille, New York. Their 
 children are: Elias, Mary Jane, Georgia and Wil- 
 lie.
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL. 
 
 599 
 
 G. "W. Mortimer was bom at St. Paul, Minne- 
 sota, July 27th, 1857. He moved with his pa- 
 rents to Xorthlield, where he worked three years 
 in the packing department of the Ames mill. In 
 1870 he came to this city and for three years was 
 employed at the Washburn B mill ; he was with 
 Mr. Cahill at Minnetonka two years, and one year 
 at the Pillsbury mill liere. He then removed to 
 Red Wing and was employed in a mill there three 
 years, bnt returned to Minneapolis in August, 
 1880, and went to work at the Galaxy. His wife 
 was Miss G. A. Foster. Their chikh-en are: 
 Chancie and Frederick. 
 
 Elias Moses, bom April 18th, 1829, in Piscata- 
 quis county, Maine. He was left an orphan at 
 the age of fourteen, and when eighteen years of 
 age engaged as salesman in a general merchan- 
 dise store; the next year he went into tlie lumber 
 business, which he carried on, in connection with 
 farming, for eight years. He came to St. Anthony 
 in October, 1856, and has since been in the lumber 
 trade, having been in business for himself since 
 1860. He married Lydia Nichols, of Maine, in 
 1852. Their three children have all passed away: 
 Hannah, Herbert and an unnamed infant. Jlrs. 
 Moses died April 4tli, 1879. 
 
 E. H. Moulton, a native of New York city, was 
 born January 10th, 1844. He came to Minneapo- 
 lis in 1872 and has been treasiu-er of the Farmers 
 and Meclianics Savings bank since its organiza- 
 tion in 1874. Mr. Moulton's wife was Harriet 
 Skiles; their marriage occured November 11th, 
 1874. They have two children: Kate and Eder. 
 
 E. Moulton, deceased, was born in 1827, at 
 Haviland, Maine. He came to St. Anthony in 
 1849 and woiked at carpentering fifteen years. 
 Jn 1864 he established the second planing mill on 
 the east side. Tlie firm of E. Moulton and son, 
 commenced manufacturing farm wagons in 1879, 
 making a specialty of -'The Moulton Wagon;"' 
 shop is at tlie corner of Division and Taylor 
 streets, east division. Mr. Moulton died during 
 the winter of 1880. 
 
 John B. Mueller was born in Bavaria in 1850. 
 He emigrated to America and was twelve years 
 engaged in tlie manufacture of Morocco leatlier, 
 at Milwaukee, and at tlie same time had an inter- 
 est in a New York fur company. In 1862 lie re- 
 moved to St. Paul, wliere for three years lie was 
 engaged in the distillery and wholesale liquor 
 
 trade. May, 1865, he came to this city, and that 
 year the comer stone of the Mueller and Ilein- 
 ricli brewery was laid by Kranzlein and Mueller. 
 In 1857 he married Rosa Smith, of Milwaukee. 
 They have seven children. 
 
 Louis C. Mueller was born in Germany, March 
 24th, 1839. In February, 1859, he came to the 
 United States, and lived in Milwaukee ten years, 
 employed as salesman for a large dry goods house. 
 He removed with his brother to Faribault in 
 1865, and although commencing with very little 
 capital, they have by energy and persevei'ance, 
 built up the leading dry goods house of that place. 
 In 1876 Mr. Mueller opened, in Minneapolis, the 
 German-Scandinavian Bank, and was president 
 of tlie institution; after paying all depositors, he 
 closed the bank in October, 1878. He has been a 
 member of the firm of Mueller and Schulte since 
 June, 1880; they deal in harness and saddlery 
 hardware. Mr. Mueller married, Ln 1868, Matilda 
 Hill. They have one child: Cora. 
 
 A. H. Mudgett, a native of Maine, was born 
 in 1824, at Hallowell. He moved to Boston in 
 1842, and Chicago in 1862, thence to Rochelle, 
 and in 1875, to Tiptown. He has been in practice 
 as a veterinary surgeon more than thirty years. 
 In April, 1878, he came to this city; his office is 
 at 410 Fourth street south. 
 
 AVilliam Mulliken, born July 19th, 1830, m 
 Steuben county, New York. He learned civil en- 
 gineering and followed that business in Oliio and 
 Indiana until 1856,when he went to Illinois, and in 
 1860, to Wisconsin. He came to this city in July, 
 1863, and was employed as assistant engineer on 
 the Minneapolis and St. Paul Railway unt 1 De- 
 cember, 1865, when he went to the Pennsylvania 
 oil regions. He returned to Minnesota, and lias 
 much of the time since, been in the real esUite 
 business; lie was in the United States land office 
 from 1870 to "74, and was one year special agent 
 in the pension department. In June, 1880, he re- 
 turned to this city, and has since been dealing in 
 pine lands. He married Sarah Cortelyon in 1859. 
 They have one child, Ida. 
 
 Albert S. Munger was born March 1st, 1837, at 
 Orwell. Vermont. In 1857, he moved to Water- 
 ford, Minnesota, and worked at farming a num- 
 ber of years; he removed to this city in 1 867 and 
 was engaged with George B. Wright on the 
 Northern Pacific Railroad until 1870, when he
 
 (iOO 
 
 HISTORY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 entered the police force, and five years later was 
 promoted to chief of police. Mr. Munger is 
 widely known as a faithful, vigilant and efficient 
 officer; his office is at the city station house, iii 
 the rear of 212 First Avenue south. He married 
 in 1863, Mary Kelly, who was a teacher in the 
 public schools of Northfield. They have one 
 child. May Alberta, Lincoln. 
 
 J. W. jSIunson. a native of Maine, was born 
 February 25th, 1820, in the town of Cooper. He 
 learned the trade of blacksmith at East Machias 
 and worked there until 1849, when he Ment to 
 California; he remained only seven months, but 
 went again in 1852 and stayed one and one-half 
 years. In May, 1856, he came to Minneapolis, 
 worked for a man named Fenderson a short time, 
 and;the year following established his own black- 
 smith shop. December, 1841 , he married Miss Ab- 
 bie Munson. They have two daughters. 
 
 A. Murphy, born December, 1834, in Ireland. 
 When nine years of age, he came with his par- 
 ents to America, and located in Senaca county, 
 New York, where he learned the lilacksmith's 
 trade. In 1855, he removed to St. Paul, thence 
 to Minneapolis. He has had different partners, 
 but is now a member of the firm of ^lurphy and 
 Machmeier; they do general blacksmithing at 111 
 Main street south. In November, 1866, he mar- 
 ried Annie Fuer. They have had seven children, 
 one daughter is dead. 
 
 J. P. Jilusser established his present business 
 April 15th, 1879. He manufactures patterns, 
 wagon jacks, step Irdders, clothes dryers, ironing 
 boards and barrel trucks. His place of business 
 is No. 110 Main street and his residence 306 
 Eighth street south-east. 
 
 W. Muther, a native of Germany, was born 
 November 11th, 1836. He emigrated to the 
 United States in 1865, located at Minneapolis and 
 engaged in contracting, building and architect- 
 ure. For the past year he has been employed as 
 mill-wright at the Crown Roller mill. In 1867 
 he married Christiana Brooch. Their children 
 are: Leo. Henry, Edward, Ludwig and ^Vendlin. 
 
 C. W. :Myers was born in Lewis county, New 
 York. AVhen eighteen years of age he com- 
 menced to learn the trade of blacksmith. In 
 1873, he came to Minneapolis and has since been 
 in business here. He is now a member of the 
 firm of Myers and Jewett. His wife was Susie 
 
 Ilinton, whom he married in 1868. Mrs. Myers 
 died February 27th, 1877, leaving one child, Mary 
 Helen. 
 
 W. D. Myers, M. D., was born in Jladison 
 county, New York, February, 1830. He was ed- 
 ucated at Washington, D. C, and graduated from 
 the National University, medical department of 
 Columbia College. He was one year surgeon of 
 the Eighty-eighth Indiana Infantry, and after 
 being mustered out, resumed his practice at 
 Waterloo, Indiana. December, 1878, he came to 
 this city and established the Surgical Infirmary, 
 of which he is surgeon and medical director. It 
 has thirty finely furnished rooms, and is situated 
 on the corner of Second Avenue south and Third 
 street. 
 
 CHAPTEE LXXXI. 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL, N, O AND P. 
 
 Rev. Edward Duffield Neill was the first Pro- 
 testant clergyman who settled in St. Paul. He 
 was born in Philadelphia on August 9th, 1823, 
 and is the son of the late Henry NeUl, M. D.,one 
 of the vice-presidents of the college of physicians 
 in that city. He was a student at the University 
 of Pennsylvania and Amherst College, Massachu- 
 setts, graduating in 1842, at the latter institution. 
 His theological studies were pursued at Andover 
 Theological Seminary, and under the distin- 
 guished commentator, the Rev. Albert Barnes of 
 Philadelphia. Declining calls to churches in 
 1847, he went to tlie neighborhood of Galena, Il- 
 linois, where he performed missionary labor 
 among the miners. At his own request he was 
 transferred to St. Paul, then a small hamlet, by 
 the Presbytery of Galena, and on the 23d of April, 
 1849, arrived there, and at once commenced his 
 labors, and matle arrangements to build the first 
 brick dwelling in Miiniesota, which is still in 
 good preservation, situated near the comer of 
 Fourth and Washington, opposite the Aletropoli- 
 tan Hotel, St. Paul. During the first year of his 
 residence ui St. Paul he also preached at the falls 
 of St. Anthony every other Simday afternoon, as
 
 BIOOBAPHICAL. 
 
 tun 
 
 has been mentioned in the history of Minneapo- 
 lis, lie erected the first Protestant house of wor- 
 ship for the white population of Minnesota, at St. 
 Paul, in tlie summer of 1849. and in Novemljer 
 of the same year organized tlie First Presbyterian 
 Church in St. Paul. In May, 1850, the wooden 
 church building was destroyed by fire, and a large 
 brick churcli at the corner of Tliird and St. Peter 
 streets was built in its place, and is now changed 
 into stores. Eesignlng the charge of the First 
 Presbyterian church, lie began to preach in the 
 new and upper portion of St. Paul, where there 
 were no churches, and in 1855 organized the 
 churcli known as the "House of Hope.'" now the 
 largest in that city, of wliich the Rev. David R. 
 Breed is pastor. He acted as its pastor for five 
 years, when he resigned. Williams, in his -'History 
 of St. Paul" writes: "During this period he gave 
 great attention to educational and literary mat- 
 ters. He was appomted territorial superintend- 
 ent of instruction in 1851, and held that office two 
 years. In 1853 he organized and secured the erec- 
 tion and endowment of the 'Baldwin School." 
 In 1855 he secured the building of the 'College 
 of St. Paul," which was for several years a clas- 
 sical academy for young men. lie was at the 
 same time secretary of the St. Paul board of edu- 
 cation. For several years he was chancellor of 
 the State University. He was also state suiierin- 
 tendent of public instruction from 1858 to 1864, 
 and secretary of the Historical Society from 1851 
 to 1863." Hon. D. Burt, state superintendent of 
 public instruction, in his report in 1881 to the 
 legislature of Minnesota, writes: "The territorial 
 law of 1851, requh-ing the governor to- appoint a 
 superintendent of scliools, remained in the statutes 
 until 1860. In tliat year, it was enacted, that 
 the Chancellor of the University, an officer 
 then required to be appointed by the board 
 of regents should be ex-offlcio superintendent. 
 This act made E. D. Neill the first state 
 superintendent of public instruction. In tlie 
 first state report, he recommended the gen- 
 uine township system, and the appointment of 
 county superintendents, and also that the ap- 
 portionment of school funds should be made, 
 upon the number of scholars, attending tlie dis- 
 trict school. Two of these early recommenda- 
 tions have been realized, and the third is yet to 
 come. The first annual state report could con- 
 
 tain but few statistics, since territorial superin- 
 tendents had adopted no plan for gathering such 
 data. Mr. Neill was the author of the first 
 teachers" register ever issued in the state, and of 
 the first forms used for reports on the condition 
 of schools. On the 7th of March, 1861, a law 
 was passed requiring a joint convention of the 
 senate and house to elect a superintendent of 
 public instruction for a term of two years. What- 
 ever may have been the motives dictating this 
 legislation, it could not have resulted from any 
 general hostility to Mr. Neill, for on the same 
 day in which the act became a law, he was 
 elected, in joint convention, by an almost unani- 
 mous vote, as superintendent of puljlic instruc- 
 tion, for two years. But on the 29th of April, 
 he was appointed chaplain of the First Minnesota, 
 causing a vacancy in the superintendency, whicli 
 the Governor filled, by requirement of the school 
 law." 
 
 In .June, 1861, he accompanied the first troops 
 that left Fort Snelling, for the seat of war, as 
 chaplain of the First Minnesota Regiment, and 
 was with that regiment, in the first battle of Bull 
 Run, and at Fair Oaks, and in the seven day"s 
 conflict ending at Malvern Hills. He was then 
 appointed by President Lincoln, Ihiited States 
 hospital chaplain, and assigned to one of the 
 Pliiladelphia hospitals. Early in 1864, he re- 
 ceived an appointment at the President's house, 
 in Wasliington, as secretary to open and arrange 
 al. correspondence, and to sign land patents for 
 the President. He continued on duty in the 
 Executive mansion until he was appointed by 
 President Grant, in 1869, United States consul 
 at Dublin. He held the consulate for two years, 
 tlien resigned, and resumed his work in JMiiine- 
 sota, wliich liad been suspended by the civil 
 war, as president of tlie Baldwin School and Col- 
 lege of St. Paul, wliich were consolidated by the 
 legislature, in 1874, as Macalester College, so 
 called, because the late Charles Macalester, of 
 Philadelpliia, bequeathed to the college the large 
 five story stone edifice, built for a hotel, situated 
 in the East Division of Minneapolis, overlooking 
 the Falls of St. Antliony. 
 
 In January, 1874, ^Ir. Xeill was one of the 
 first clergymen to unite in the Reformed Episco- 
 pal church movement, and, he was instrumental 
 in the erection of Clirist Churcli, on Hennepin
 
 602 
 
 BISTORT OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 Avenue, in Jlinneapolis, which he still serves. 
 He has been a frequent contributor to magazines 
 and reviews, and has pubUshed several sermons. 
 The following books are also from his pen: 
 History of Minnesota, in 1858, published by J. 
 B. Lippincott and Company., pp. 628; History of 
 Mmnesota enlarged, 758 pp.. published in 1873; 
 History of Minnesota, thud edition, 828 pp. pub- 
 hshed in 1878, by Johnson, Smith and Harrison, 
 Minneapolis; Terra Mariae, or Tlireads of Mary- 
 land Colonial History, J. B. Lippincott and Com- 
 pany. 1867, pp. 260; Fairfaxes of England and 
 America, Joel Muusell, publisher, Albany, 1868, 
 pp. 234; Virginia Company of London, Joel Mun- 
 sell. pubhsher, Albany, 1869, pp. 432; EngUsh 
 Colonization of America, Strahan and Company, 
 London, England, 1871, pp. 352; Founders of 
 Maryland, published by Joel Munsell, Albany, 
 1876, pp. 193; Minnesota Explorers and Pio- 
 neers, for North Star Publishing Company, 1881, 
 pp. 128. 
 
 For many of the facts in preparing this sketch, 
 we have been indebted to Johnson's Cyclopedia, 
 Ahbone"s Dictionary of Authors, and Drake's 
 Dictionar}' of Biography, Mr, Neill was married 
 October 4th, 1847, by Rev. J. J, Graff, at Snow 
 Hill, Worcester county ilaiyland, to Nancy, 
 daughter of Richard Hall, of said county. His 
 children aie: Minnesota, born in St, Paul, March 
 28th, 1850; Samuel, born m St. Paul, December 
 10th, 1852; Henry, born in St, Paul, April loth, 
 1855; Edward Duffield, bom in St, Paul, August 
 1st, 1858; John Selby Martin, bom in St, Paul; 
 March 25th, 1860. 
 
 Frank Navratil, a resident of Minneapolis 
 smce 1866, is a native of Bohemia, born October 
 4th, 1844, He passed his childhood in his native 
 country, where lie learned the shoemaker's trade. 
 He came to America, and after working in various 
 cities m this country, he located in this citjand 
 worked at his trade until 1871, when he opened 
 his establishment, and has continued as boot and 
 slioemaker since. His wife was formerly Mary 
 Jehnek, of Boliemia, whom he married in 1869, 
 Their children are Frank, Rosie and Lucy (twins,) 
 George and Eda. 
 
 An''"- w H, Nelson, of the firm of Mahnsten, 
 Nelson and Company, is a native of Sweden, born 
 April 10th, 1849. Coming to America in 1866, 
 he located tirst at Anoka, Minnesota, remaining 
 
 there two years, when he came to Minneapolis. 
 He engaged with E. Broad in the manufacture 
 of edged tools, and general blacksmithing. After 
 having learned his trade he traveled through the 
 South, working at several places he visited. In 
 1872, he returned to this city, and four years later 
 formed a partnership with E, Hernlund, and aft- 
 erwards takmg Mr. Malmsten as a partner in 
 blacksmithing. His marriage with Emma Hern- 
 lund occurred in 1875. One daughter has been 
 bom to them, Olive R, 
 
 B. F, Nelson, a native of Kentucky, was bom 
 ui 1843. He became a resident of Minneapolis 
 in 1864. For a short time he was engaged in 
 rafting lumber, then was employed in a shingle 
 mUl, and remained until 1867, at which time he 
 assiuned the control of the Butler mill, sawing 
 shingles by the thousand until 1872, He then 
 became a partner of W. C. Stetson, They built 
 the Pacific ])laning mill, also the St. Louis mill. 
 In 1879 this firm dissolved, Mr, Stetson taking 
 the Pacific and Mr. Nelson the St, Louis mill, 
 which he has had in operation since. He was 
 married in 1869 to Martha Rose, who died m 1874, 
 leaving two sons, "William E, and Guy H, His 
 second wife was Miss Fredingburg, whom he 
 married in 1875. 
 
 Thomas Nelson "Forday" was bom in Forday, 
 Norway, June 20th, 1852. He received his edu- 
 cation in his native town, where he lived until 
 1866, then came to America, locating first in 
 Michigan. From there he went on the lakes as 
 a sailor, thence to St. Louis, where he was in the 
 employ of the government. In 1868 he fras un- 
 der General Custer in the New Mexico and Kan- 
 sas campaign. He became a resident of Minne- 
 apolis in 1869. and turned his attention to lum- 
 bering until 1880. when he was appointed on the 
 police force, where he has continued, ^Ir. Nel- 
 son is a single man. 
 
 General A. B. Nettleton, editor of the Morning 
 Tribune, was born ui Delaware county, Oliio, 
 November 14th, 1838; lived on the parental farm 
 until sixteen yeare of age, attending the common 
 schools of the neighborhood. In 1855 he accept- 
 ed employment with a leading mercantile and 
 lumbering firm at Lexington, Michigan. In 1857 
 he entered Oberlin College, Ohio, "While yet at 
 college, on April 14th, 1861, two days after the 
 fall of Fort Sumpter, he enlisted as a private in an
 
 BIOGBAPHICAL. 
 
 603 
 
 Ohio volunteer infantrj' company, under Presi- 
 dent Lincoln's first call for 75,000 troops, and was 
 chosen first sergeant. The company was not ac- 
 cepted by the governor of the state, as Ohio's 
 quota was already full. After the battle of Bull 
 Run, in July of 1861, the subject of this sketch 
 again volunteered for army service as a private in 
 Company H of the Second Ohio Cavalry, then or- 
 ganizing at Camp Wade, near Cleveland, Ohio. 
 Was elected first lieutenant of his company, and 
 marched to the front in October, 1861. Served 
 with his regiment in Kansas, Arkansas, Indian 
 Ten'itory, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, Geor- 
 gia, Alabama, West Virginia, Ohio, Indiana (in 
 the latter states during Morgan's raid), Virginia, 
 Maryland and North Carolina. His service was 
 continuous from August, 1861, to June 15th, 
 1865— two months after the final surrender of the 
 confederate armies, and among the officers imder 
 whom he directly served were Blunt, Burnside, 
 H. G. Wright, G. A. Custer, Wilson, Sheridan, 
 Meade and Grant — the last year and a half of ser- 
 vice, being under the immediate leadership of 
 Custer in Slieridan's famous cavalry corps of the 
 Potomac army. Was present in seventy-three 
 engagements and pitched battles, including 
 among the latter. Grant's campaign of the Wil- 
 derness, and Sheridan's brilliant series of victo- 
 ries in the Slienandoah Valley. He was succes- 
 sively promoted to captain, major, lieutenant- 
 colonel, and colonel of his regiment, and was 
 brevetted brigadier-general on the recommenda- 
 tion of General Custer, as of date February 25th, 
 1865, for gallant and meritorious services in the 
 Shenandoah campaign. After being mustered 
 out of the army he studied law for a time at the 
 law school in Albany, New York. In 1866 be- 
 came editor and part proprietor of the Daily Reg- 
 ister at Sandusky, Ohio. In 1868 was a delegate 
 to the national republican convention at Chicago, 
 which nominated Grant and Colfax for president 
 and vice-president. In 1868 removed from San- 
 dusky to Chicago and became publislier of the 
 Advance. In 1870 removed to Philadelpliia, and 
 became associated with the banking house of Jay 
 Cooke and Company in their relation as fiscal 
 agents of the Northern Pacific Railroad Com- 
 pany; and also held the position of general agent 
 of the trustees of the Northern Pacific Railroad, 
 in connection with the land interests of that cor- 
 
 poration. In 1875, served as general agent of the 
 purchasing committee of the Northern Pacific 
 Railroad Company in re-organizing the corpora- 
 tion. Has served for ten years as a trustee of Ober- 
 lin College. In March, 1 880, removed to Minneapo- 
 lis, Minnesota, having purchased a half interest 
 in the Daily Tribune. 
 
 II. T. Ness, a native of Norway, was born in 
 
 1843. He came to this city in 1870, and has since 
 been engaged in the hotel business. He is now 
 proprietor of the Western House, 119 Second 
 street north, owned by Air. Lawrence, of the law 
 firm of Wilson and Lawrence. Mr. Ness was 
 married in 1871, to Olene Peterson. They have 
 had four children ; only one is living, Ida G. 
 
 Louis Neudeck, deceased, was bom in Pliila- 
 delphia, Peimsylvania, December 25th, 1821. He 
 was one of the early pioneers of this region, 
 coming to St. Anthony in 1849. He received his 
 education in his native city, and later engaged in 
 the meat business, in which he contmued untU 
 
 1844, when he sold out and removed to Beloit, 
 Wisconsin, remaining one year; thence to Rock- 
 ford, Illinois, a few months, and next, in 1845, to 
 Stillwater, Minnesota, where he opened a dry 
 goods store, continuing until coming to this city. 
 In 1S55 he opened a meat market in St. Anthony, 
 but sold out m 1861. During tlie Indian troubles 
 of the next year, he assisted in raising and was 
 one of Anson Northrup's company, which went 
 to Fort Ridgely. In 1863, Mr. Neudeck, in com- 
 pany with Captain Fisk, went to Montana, and 
 opened a ranche for the piupose of doing an ex- 
 tensive business in cattle raising. He returned 
 to this city for supplies in 1864, and again started 
 with a wagon train of seven teams. When near 
 Fort Rice, Montana, one of the wagons needing 
 repairing, he, with several men remained in the 
 rear, to perform the task. While here they were 
 attacked by Indian?. Mr. Neudeck and several 
 others were murdered. His body was never re- 
 covered. The only clue to the sad fate of this 
 unfortunate pioneer was a revolver on which was 
 his name, it being snatched from one of the In- 
 dians. Six of the wagons with the supplies 
 reached Fort Rice, and were sold, the proceeds 
 being sent to the widow and children in this city. 
 His widow was formerly Catherine AVolff, whom 
 he married in 1848. There are five children liv- 
 ing.
 
 604 
 
 HISTORY OF HEXl^'UFIN COUNTY. 
 
 Louis W. Xeiideck. a life loiisr resident of this 
 city, was born May 3d, 185:;, and is a son of Louis 
 Neudeck, deceased. It was liere that he received 
 his education, and first worked for Glenn sind 
 Thompson, and afterwards for E. B. Ames. Af- 
 ter a short trip to Duluth, in 1870. he engaged in 
 the meat business in Austin and Bed Wing, and 
 returned to Minneapolis in 1879. Immediately 
 after, he bought the meat market of Henry 
 Schulze, where he has since continued. His mar- 
 riage with Clara Eames, of Red Wing, occurred in 
 1879. They have one child, Linnie. 
 
 Angust Newborn is a native of Sweden, born 
 December 3d, 18^8. He lived on a farm until 
 se\enteen years of age, when he commenced his 
 apprenticeship as a tailor. He emigrated to Ame- 
 rica in 1872, locating at Joliet, Illinois. Here he 
 was hi tlie employ of a steel rail company five 
 years, then came to Minneapolis. He was with 
 his brother, J. Newborn, who is a tailor, until be. 
 ginning alone in October, 1880, at 237 Twelfth 
 Avenue south. 
 
 George E. Xewell, in company with Messrs. 
 Stevens and ^lorse, established a wholesale gro- 
 cery establishment at 9, 11 and 13 Washington 
 Avenue norlli. ,Vt the end of three years Messrs. 
 Stevens and ^Slorse retired. The firm of Xewell 
 and Harrison was then formed, which continued 
 until 1879. when Mr. Harrison retired. Since 
 that time Mr. Xewell has been alone, doing a 
 successful business. 
 
 E. Newman, a native of Norway, was born 
 October 14tli, 1845. He learned the trade of 
 moulder in his native country and worked at it 
 until 1863. He then emigrated to America, and 
 the same year located in ilinneapolis. He en- 
 gaged in the pursuit of his trade six years, when 
 he opened a gi-oeery store. In 1873, he sold, and 
 engaged in otbfr pursuits until 1880, when he 
 started a grocery at his present location, 1318 
 Fourth street south, which property he o\mis. 
 He is doing a thriving business. He was married 
 in 1870 to Emma Evensen. of Norway. Four 
 children have been born to them. Emma S.. Clara 
 v., Annie E., and Eddie W. 
 
 G. H. Nichols was bom at Braintree, Vermont, 
 May 18th, 1 823. He went to Randolph, ^'ermont, 
 in 1833, and in 1843, learned the building of pipe 
 organs. Three years later, he removed to Bridge- 
 water, Massachusetts, and engaged with C. H.. 
 
 Packard, who was the originator of the reed or- 
 gan, from which all reed organs from that day to 
 this have sprung. After I'emaining six months, 
 he retin-ned to his native state and commenced 
 the manufacture of melodeons and organs. The 
 next year he removed to Braintree, Massachu- 
 setts, continuing in the same business: he remained 
 there until 1848, when poor health compelled him 
 to change. He traveled through Vermont until 
 1856, when he came west and located at Prescott, 
 Wisconsin. In 1862. he enlisted in the Second 
 Wisconsin Cavalry, but was discharged after sen- 
 iug seven months, on account of failing health. 
 In 1869, he began the manufacture of cabinet or- 
 gans, and has since continued. He opened his 
 salesroom in Minneapolis. July. 1879, and removed 
 his works here in the fall of 1880. His factory 
 is located on Second Avenue south-east, comer of 
 Prince street. 
 
 J. Newton Nind, city editor of the "Tribune," 
 was born in St. Charles, Illinois, in March, 1854, 
 and is of English descent, his parents, James G. 
 and Mary C. Nind, having removed to this coun- 
 try from England in 1849. His home continued 
 at his buth-place until 1866, when he removed 
 with his parents to Winona. Minnesota, where he 
 soon after imbibed a love for joiu-nalism while en- 
 gaged as, carrier on the '-Eepublican" of that 
 city. While so engaged, he, with four other 
 boys, each with a cash capital of seven dollars, 
 launched, on the 13th of February, 1869, the first 
 copy of the "North Star." a three-column semi- 
 monthly. At the end of the firet six months 
 Mr. Nind became the manager of the pa- 
 per, and enlarged it to five columns, in which 
 form he conducted it until August 17tli, 
 1870. During the ensuing year he improved him- 
 self in the art of printing. In December, 1871, 
 I at Red Wing, he renewed the "North Star" as a 
 weekly publication, which he edited, printed and 
 published as a means of prosecuting studies at 
 the Red AVing Institute. In December, 1872, he 
 relinquished its management to accept a position 
 as reporter on the St. Paul "Pioneer," and has 
 since served at different times as reporter on the 
 following papers: the St. Paul "Pioneer." Minne- 
 apolis "Times," St. Paul '-Press," ilinneapolis 
 "Mail," the "Pioneer Press,'" and has filled the 
 position of city editor of the Minneapolis "Trib- 
 une" since September, 1877. He was married in
 
 BIOGBAPHICAL. 
 
 605 
 
 December, 1879, to Agnes C. AVilliams of Eed 
 AVing. 
 
 William C. Xoble was bom at Jolmsburgh, 
 New York, December 9th, 1840. lie worked on 
 a farm until the fall of 1862, then went into tlie 
 store of B. Thomas, as salesman, and two years 
 later became a member of the firm. In 1865 he 
 sold his interest and came to St. Anthony the 
 spring of the next year. A few months after his 
 arrival he was employed by O. T. Swett in a gen- 
 eral merchandise store as book-keeper ; here he 
 remained until 1876, when in company with J. 
 H. McHerron, purchased the grocery department 
 of Mr. Swett's store. At the death of Mr. ilcHer- 
 ron, in 1878, Mr. S. Armstrong bought his interest 
 and the firm is now knf)wn as Ifoble and Arm- 
 strong, 22 University Avenue south-east. 
 
 J. P. Noel, a native of Germany, was born in 
 in 1845. He came to the United States in 1870, 
 locating at Minneapolis. For three years he 
 drove a beer wagon since which time he has kept 
 saloon at 701 Washington Avenue south. He 
 married Augusta Engle in November, 1873. 
 They have one child, George A. W. 
 
 August J. Noerenberg, a native of Prussia, was 
 born in 1853. He came to the United States in 
 1860, locating at St. Paul, giving his attention to 
 hotel keeping. In 1875 he came to this city and 
 started a brewery, in which he continued mitil 
 1879, when he opened a saloon at 1728 Seventh 
 street south. He married Dora ^I. Blohn, March 
 3d, 1879. They have one child, August C. 
 
 F. D. Noerenberg, is a native of Prussia, born 
 in 1845. At the age of fifteen he came to America 
 and located at St. Paul. He kept hotel in that 
 city until 1870. He became a resident of Min- 
 neapolis in 1875, and in 1880 took possession of the 
 city brewery and is now engaged in the manufac- 
 ture of beer. He was married in 1868 to Miss 
 Caroline Richmond, who died in 1875. After re- 
 maining a widower three years he married Johan- 
 na Sprunkmann, who has Ixirne Inm three child- 
 ren. 
 
 James Nolan, was born at Quebec, Canada, 
 July 10th, 1847. At ten years of age he accom- 
 panied his parents to St. Paul, where he lived un- 
 til 1861. He then enlisted in the Fifth Minneso- 
 ta Volunteer Infantry and served four years. 
 The following are some of the engagements in 
 which he participated: Siege of Corinth, Vicks- 
 
 burg, Richmond, and battle of Nashville; also 
 many skirmishes. From 1S71-72 he was on the 
 police force at St. Paul ; he was also detective on 
 the St. Paul and Duluth railroad one year. He 
 was appointed on the police force in this city in 
 1878, where he has since remained. He was mar- 
 ried in 1873, to Annie E. Dickson. They have 
 three children: William, Mary and Edward J. 
 
 L. C. Noracon was born at Menasha, "\riscon 
 sin, November 7th, 1854. He located in Minne- 
 apolis in 1875, and worked in the "A"' mill 
 eighteen months, then in the old Humboldt, nine 
 months. On the completion of the new Humboldt 
 he was employed until 1880, and has since been 
 machine man in the Cataract mill. He married 
 Miss Ada Cook, April 22d, 1880. 
 
 John Norman, born November 27th, 1846, is a 
 native of Sweden. He was a farmer and grain 
 buyer, previous to his coming to America in 1868. 
 He came direct to Minneapolis, where he was 
 employed as laborer in a brick yard. In 1872 he 
 returned to his native country, and in April mar- 
 ried Mrs. Carrie Swansen, and with his bride re- 
 turned to this city. In 1879 he was appointed on 
 the police force, which position he has since held. 
 Two children have been born to them: Alice A. 
 and Frank T. 
 
 W. H. Norris was born at Ilallowell, Maine, 
 July 24th, 1832. He prepared for college at 
 Dwighfs High School, Brooklyn, New York, 
 went through a full collegiate course at Yale 
 College, and graduated in 1854. He attended 
 Dane Law School at Harvard College. In 1856 
 he removed to Green Bay, Wisconsin, and com- 
 pleted his law studies at the office of James H. 
 Howe, afterward attorney general of Wisconsin, 
 and was admitted to the bar in October, 1857, and 
 continued with J. H. Howe until 1862. He then 
 practiced alone until 1870, and "for eight years 
 had a young partner. In 1879 he formed a part- 
 nership with E. H. Ellis, who was judge of the 
 Tenth circuit of Wisconsin, which continued un- 
 til 1880, when he removed to Minneapolis and 
 located his office at 239 Nicollet Avenue. His 
 favorite line of practice has been commercial, in- 
 surance and railroad law. His marriage with 
 Miss Hannah B. HaiTiman occurred at Green 
 Bay, in 1859. They have three children: Louise, 
 Georgia and Harriuian. Mr. Norris' library is 
 large and complete, probably the finest in the city.
 
 606 
 
 mSTOEY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 AV. S. Xott. of the firm of E. B. Preston and 
 Company, is a native of Dnblin. Ireland, born in 
 July, 18o2. His parents were English, with 
 whom he came to America in 1855, locating at 
 Xew York, where he received his education. lie 
 then removed to Chicago, remaining until Janu- 
 ary, 1880, when he came to this citj- as a member 
 of the firm of E. B. Preston and Company, and 
 opened business in the sale of leather and rubber 
 beltuig and rubber goods of all kinds. Located 
 at 203 Nicollet Avenue. 
 
 Anson Xorthrup, one of the most noteworthy 
 characters in the roll of pioneers, was born in 
 Connewango, Xew York, January 3d, 1817, 
 where he lived with his father till the spring of 
 1839, when he moved to Morgan county, Illinois. 
 In October following, he left for the northern 
 wilds, with a drove of twenty oxen for the Falls 
 of the St. Croix, and twenty for AUen's camp, 
 then just opened at the present site of Chippewa 
 Falls, Wisconsin. Two men were sent to help 
 him drive to Allen's camp, which was reached 
 the latter part of November. There was but one 
 house between Prairie du Chien and the Falls, a 
 rude cabin occupied by one Keid, at Trempealeau 
 Bluff. Arriving at this point, they found Keid 
 was absent on a trip to Galena, for supplies, and 
 his wife (a squaw) entirely out of provisions. 
 Several '-Mackinaw" boats, laden with supplies 
 for Allen's camp, were on the way up, and 
 thinking to fall in with them the next day, they 
 left nearly all their provision at Reid's; but the 
 boats had pushed through with all possible dis- 
 patch, in fear of being frozen in, and their gene- 
 rosity cost them a four day's fast in the then 
 barren wilds of the Chippewa Valley. Finally, 
 when almost worn out with hunger and fatigue, 
 they reached Allen's camp, about midnight, but 
 their anticipated feast was prevented by the 
 stern refusal of Allen's sqiiaw to give them more 
 than a cup of tea until next morning. Mr Nor- 
 thrup remained at Allen's camp about three 
 weeks, before he could get a guide to help him 
 through to the Falls, owing to hostilities then 
 existing between the Sioux and Chippewa Indi- 
 ans, which rendered travel anytliing but agree- 
 able. Finally, however, he secured the senices 
 of a guide, and made the journey in safety, arriv- 
 ing just before Christmas, This was the first 
 drove of oxen ever brought to the northern wUds, 
 
 and their ownere the first limibermen in that 
 region. Returning in the spring of 1840 to Illi- 
 nois, he made preparations to go north, and the 
 next year, 1841, took boat at St. Louis and 
 
 ' reached the Falls of the St. Croix in ilay. three 
 weeks from the time of leaving St. Louis. There 
 were no settlements above Prairie du Chien. 
 When more fuel was needed for the boat, she 
 was tied up, while the deck hands went ashore 
 cut and "toted" enough wood for another '-run.'' 
 The boat was the '-Indian Queen,'" built to run 
 
 ! on the Jilissouri, and never made a second trip to 
 this region. In May, 1844. he moved to what is 
 now Stillwater, and built a hotel, the first house 
 in the place. He also bought 160 acres of land 
 which now embraces about one-half the site of 
 that vigorous young city. 
 
 In 1849, he sold his interest there and built the 
 American House at St. Paul, the first all frame 
 building in the place. The rough lumber for this 
 building was brought from the mUls at St. Croix 
 Falls, and the flooring, siding, sash, doors, etc., 
 from St. Louis. The American was formally 
 opened to the public July 4th. 1850, and soon 
 thereafter sold, after which ;Mr. Northrup came 
 to St. Anthony and commenced the erection of 
 the St. Charles Hotel, a little above the present 
 site of Clark's mills. This was the second aU 
 frame building here, the first being a hastily con- 
 structed house built and occupied by Mr. North- 
 rup while the St. Charles was in course of 
 completion. The hotel was opened July 4th, 
 1851, the same day the steamer " Gov. Ramsey " 
 made her first run up the river, under command 
 of Captain John Rollins. After running the St. 
 Charles two years, he rented it, and engaged in 
 other pursuits. In 185S, he visited the Pacific 
 coast, returning after an absence of four months, 
 and bought the old steamer '• Governor Ramsey," 
 which he took up the river as far as Grand Rap- 
 ids (taking it over the falls at Sauk Rapids by 
 means of windlasses and other necessary appli- 
 ances), then back to Crow Wing, where he took 
 the machinery out. and took the boat apart above 
 the hull. February 16th, 1859, he left St. Paul 
 with forty teams and a crew of men, proceeded 
 to Crow \Vuig. loaded the boat and machinery, 
 and started for the Red river, cutting roads 
 through the timbered portion of the route, and 
 reaching the river about eight mUes below the
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL. 
 
 607 
 
 present site of Fargo, April 8th. Tliey liad not 
 tlie protection of even a tent, yet the men were 
 all in good health and spirits, notwithstanding it 
 was severe weather, and the snow two feet deep 
 when they arrived at their destination. Early in 
 the season he bnilt the boat, run it to Lake AVin- 
 nipeg, then back to Georgetown, where it was 
 sold, and has since done good service on the Red 
 River of the North. 
 
 At tlie breaking out of the rebellion, Mr. 
 Northrup entered the army, receiving the appoint- 
 ment of wagon master in the First Regiment 
 Minnesota Volunteers. In September, 1861, he 
 was appointed wagon master in General Gorman's 
 brigade; in March, 1862, to alike position in Gen- 
 eral Sedgewick's division, and in June following 
 was put in charge of the trains of Sumner's 
 corps. Army of the Potomac, where he remained 
 until the memorable Indian massacre in August, 
 1802, when he obtained leave of absence, and has- 
 tened home to aid in protecting the home bor- 
 ders. The day following his arrival in Minneap- 
 olis, he obtained a captain's commission from 
 Governor Ramsey, with instructions to raise a 
 company of mounted men, and proceed with all 
 haste to the relief of Fort Ridgely, which was 
 then besieged by the murderous savages. As in- 
 dicative of the "spirit of the times," and the con- 
 fidence reposed in Captain Northrup by his towns- 
 men, it is only necessary to state thaton the same 
 day he received his commission, he raised a com- 
 pany of ninety-six men, and at nine o'clock that 
 evening had marched them to Shakopee, twenty- 
 five miles from Minneapolis, on the way to Fort 
 Ridgely. The entire march was made in three 
 days, and with a company now augmented to 140 
 men, he reached the beleagured fortress just at 
 daylight, having marched all night. 
 
 It is but simple justice to state here that Cap- 
 tain Northrup was the first to relieve the dis- 
 tressed inmates of the fortress. Others, with less 
 modesty, and as surely with less honesty, have 
 claimed the laurels due only to this old patriot, 
 who never courted even a passing compliment for 
 his timely services. 
 
 Since the close of the war, Capt. Northrup's 
 life has been marked by the same spirit of change 
 and adventure that cliaracterized his previous 
 years. For two years he kept the First National 
 Hotel, five years was spent at Duluth, mainly in 
 
 contracting and jobbing for the Northern Pacific 
 Railroad Company, and in 1874, leaving Duluth, 
 he came to St. Paul, then took a short trip to 
 Texas, from whence he returned to St. Paul, and 
 remained until May, 1880, \\hen he removed to 
 Fort Snelling and opened a boarding-house. Mr. 
 Northrup put up the first brick building in Min- 
 neapolis, now known as the Bushnell House, on 
 Fourth street, near the court-house. It is impos- 
 sible to here enumerate all the noteworthy inci- 
 dents connected with the career of this veteran 
 pioneer, whose life is remarkable for its restless, 
 energetic character, and ever varying hues. An- 
 son Northrop married Miss Betsey Jane Edwards, 
 August 23d, 1838. at Waterbury. N. Y., by whom 
 he has had ten children, six of whom are now 
 living. 
 
 W. II. Nudd was born at AVakefield, New 
 Hampshire, July 16th, 1831. He came to Minne- 
 apolis in 18.57 and was in a bakery seven years, 
 then engaged in farming in St. Anthony. In 1870 
 he entered the firm of which he is now the head. 
 The firm name is Nudd and Knight, and they 
 manufacture wood eave troughs, etc., on Main 
 street, south-east. He married Miss Laura 
 Shepherd of Bangor, Maine, in 18.59. Their 
 children are: Lottie S., Henry A., Benjamin F., 
 and Edwin F. 
 
 W. Nyberg, of the firm of Lockwood, Upton 
 and Company, is a native of Sweden, born May 
 2d, 1852. He came to America with his parents 
 in 1858, and received his education in the scliools 
 of this city. In 1869 he apprenticed in the St. 
 Anthony Iron Works and after finishing his trade 
 remained until its destruction by fire in April, 
 1879. In June, following, he formed a partner- 
 ship with Mr. Upton in the LTnion Iron Works, 
 afterwards taking Mr. Lockwood, which formed 
 the present firm. Mr. Nyberg is unmarried. 
 
 Dennis O'Brien is a native of Ireland, born De- 
 cember 15th, 1844. He came to the United States 
 in 1866, locating in this city, engaged in lumber- 
 ing for W. D. Washburn. He remained in that 
 business five years, then went on the Northern 
 Pacific railroad, building bridges; he contiiuied 
 in that business two years, returning to this city 
 in 1873 and working at lumbering for Robinson 
 and Company until 1875, and since that time has 
 been in the fiouring mills. He is now in the feed 
 department of the Cataract mill.
 
 608 
 
 HISTOBY OF HEXNEPIX C0UX2Y. 
 
 Gustav ilarcilius Oftedal was born in Staven- 
 ger. Xonvay, Februaiy 22d, 1846, where he at- 
 tended a preparatory school during his boyhood. 
 In 1SG8 he accepted the position of "watch in- 
 spector" of a telegraph station at Arendal, wliere 
 he remained almost permanently until his call to 
 America in 1S77. "While at Arendal lie passed 
 "examen candidatus juris." at Christiana Univer- 
 sity in 1872 also spending some lime in the study 
 of theology at Arendal. In 1877 he received a 
 call from the congregation in Minneapolis and at 
 once started for tliis field of labor, completing liis 
 theological course at Augsburg Seminary and or- 
 dained at the latter place. 
 
 S. Oftedal was born in Stavenger. Xorway. in 
 1844. He attended college in his native town 
 until he was eighteen years of age, when he en- 
 tered the university at Christiana, where he 
 passed the degrees of " examenatium " and " ex- 
 amen philosopbicum," and spent the next six or 
 seven years traveling in England, France. 
 Spain, Italy, and tlie United States. In 1871 he 
 took the degree of divinity at the university, and 
 in 1873 came to Minneapolis, and has since held 
 an important position in the faculty of Augsburg 
 Seminary. 
 
 Jolm E. Ofstie was born in Xorway. He came 
 to America in 1868, locating in Minneapolis. He 
 clerked in tlie dry goods store of "William Gaslin; 
 then went to Chicago, and was employed in a 
 wholesale and retail clolliing house until 1876, 
 when he returned to this city, and established 
 the Boston Square Dealing One Price Clothing 
 House, at 227 "Washington Avenue south. He 
 remained tliere until 1878, tlien removed to his 
 present location. Xo. 2 Pence Opera House. 
 
 J. H. Oleson is a native of Xorway, bom Au- 
 gust ]3lh, 1850. He came to Dakota countj,-, 
 Minnesota, in 1866. He commenced learning 
 photography in 1870, with "W. H. Jacoby, of this 
 cit)\ He opened an establisliment in 1874, at 307 
 "Washington Avenue south. He makes a specialty 
 of card and cabinet photographs. He married 
 Miss Annie G. Jolinson, of this city, July 11th, 
 1874. Their children are : Iver W., Gustave H., 
 and Albert J. 
 
 H. C. Oliver was born at Sterling. Cayuga 
 county. Xew York. July. 1842. He lived on a 
 farm in early life, then moved with his parents to 
 Corning, Xew York. In 1867 he removed to 
 
 Champaign, niinois: thence in 1870 to Indiana- 
 polis. Indiana, and remained there until coming 
 to Minneapolis, in 1880. He was railroading sis- 
 teen years prior to his locating in this cit>-. thir- 
 teen years of the time being a conductor. He 
 was married in 1869, to Miss S. K. Lower, of 
 Xew ITork. They liave one daughter. 
 
 Simon Olesen was born in Xorway. in 1837. He 
 came to the United States in 1869, and located at 
 La Crosse, Wisconsin, where he was in the lum- 
 ber business four years. In 1873 he became a 
 resident of Minneapolis, and has lieen at work in 
 the Union Planing mill suice. He married Carrie 
 Johnson in 1876. Thek children are : Carrie S. 
 and Man.- 1. 
 
 Otto T. Olson was bom in Sweden, in 1852. 
 He came to Iowa in 1872, thence to St. Paul in 
 187.5. He was in the hardware business in each 
 place. He located in Minneapolis in 1880, open- 
 ing a sample room at 1229 "Washington Avenue 
 north, where he still remains. 
 
 C. D. O'X^eil was born September 2.5th. 1849, 
 at Plymouth, "Wisconsin. He attended school in 
 his native town until twelve years of age. when 
 he went to Xew Y'ork city to live with an imcle 
 and attend school, also to learn the trade of sign- 
 painting and gi-aining. He finished learning his 
 trade in 1867. and worked at it in Xew York and 
 Brooklyn until 1869. Was in Rochester one year, 
 thence to Chicago, where he remained until May, 
 1879. He then located in Minneapolis, and was 
 employed by Adams and Skinner, painters, and 
 remained with tliem until commencing business 
 alone, on the corner of Xicollet Avenue and 
 Tliird street. He makes fine graining a specialty. 
 He was married in 1873. to Miss Guera F. Van 
 Dusen of Michigan. Their children are Clarence 
 and Xina. 
 
 George "W. Oi"ff was born at Bangor. Maine, 
 in 1836. He remained at Bangoruntil 1861. when 
 he went to Boston and learned the profess- 
 ion of architect. He remained at Boston ten 
 years, then retimied to his native town where he 
 remained until 1878. being constantly engaged in 
 his profession. He came to this city, and in the 
 spring of 1879 established his oflace at 250 First 
 Aventie south. 
 
 Alexander T. Ormond. Ph. D.. professor of 
 mental and moral philosophy and history at the 
 University, the subject of this sketch, was born
 
 BIOOBAPHICAL. 
 
 609 
 
 in Punxsutawney, Jefferson county, Pennsylva- 
 nia, in 1847. When five years of age, moved 
 with his parents to Armstrong county, near tlie 
 Allegheny river. Was reared on a farm and en- 
 gaged in agricultural pursuits, with occasional in- 
 terruptions, until he was twenty-four. Received 
 the ordinary public school education, which was 
 supplemented by a term or two at an academy. 
 Began teaching in the public schools when seven- 
 teen years old; teaching winters and working on 
 the farm summers. In 1870, went to Oxford, 
 Ohio, and spent sub-freshman year in Miami 
 University. Returned home at the close of the 
 year and resumed teaching and farming. In 
 1872-3 was principal in a soldiers' oi-phan school 
 at Dayton, Pennsylvania. In the autumn of 
 1873, went to Princeton and entered tlie freshman 
 class. Experienced the usual ups and downs of 
 college life, and graduated in 1877, in a class of 
 one himdred and ten. Won by competition the 
 Mental Science Fellowship, which decided the 
 special direction of his future course. Remained 
 at Princeton doing post-graduate work until last 
 June, when he went through the necessary pre- 
 liminaries and received the degree of Pii. D 
 Came to the State University of Minnesota in 
 September, 1880, where he occupies the chair of 
 philosophy and histoiy. 
 
 John Orth was born in 1821, in France. He 
 remained there until 1847, when he emigrated to 
 America, locating at Erie, Pennsylvania, .md 
 lived at, or near there until he came to Minneapolis 
 in 1850. He started the first brewery and sold 
 the first beer in this county. ITe first made three 
 barrels wliich lasted the town of St. Anthony one 
 week. His old brewery occupied the same ground 
 on which is now liis large establishment wliich 
 makes four hundred and eighty barrels of beer 
 each week. He was maiTied in 1849 to Miss 
 Mary C. Weinel. They have had five children, 
 John W. born at St. Anthony in 1850, is the 
 oldest living cliild born in this city. 
 
 Edward Orth is a native of this city, born Oc- 
 tober 4th, 1856. He received his early education 
 in this city and finished at Minneapolis Business 
 College. In 1873, he was apprenticed to F. 
 Whale and Company, liquor distillers. In tlie 
 fall of the next year, he went to La Crosse where 
 he was engaged in lumbering. In 1876, he re- 
 turned and began work in his father's brewery I 
 39 
 
 where he has been since. He married Miss Kate 
 Loftus, a native of Wisconsin, May 4th, 1877i 
 They have two children, Maud and Edward. 
 
 P. Osauder was born in Sweden, September 
 7th, 1843. He emigrated to New York in July, 
 1869, and came direct to Webster county, Iowa, 
 thence to Minneapolis, in 1870. After visiting 
 several points in the state, and working on the 
 ^lississippi river, the next year he located per- 
 manently in this city, engaging in the manufac- 
 ture of pumps. He entered into partnership 
 with Gus Lundell in 1876, which has since con- 
 tinued. Mr. Osander was married in Iowa, Sep- 
 tember 24th, 1869, to Carrie Oleson, of Sweden. 
 Their children are: Peter W., Eda K., Fred A., 
 and Will V. 
 
 J. C. Oswald, a native of Switzerland, was 
 born May 20th, 1824. He came to New York in 
 1847, and remained two months, then went to 
 Cabell county, Virginia. He was one of the 
 first settlers in Dutchtown in that county. He 
 opened a general merchandise store, and was also 
 agent for New York parties, for the sale of landj 
 The spring of 18.57, he sold and removed to Min- 
 neapolis. In 1862 he bought a farm of one hun- 
 dred and sixty acres, west of the city limits, on 
 which he lived and devoted his time to raising 
 small fruits, from which he made wine, mostly 
 sold for medicinal purposes in home market. In 
 1866, he engaged in wholesale wines and liquors 
 in this city, in which he still continues. He mar- 
 ried Miss Lisette Scheitliu, in 1847. Their 
 children living are: Matilda, Lisette S., Bertha 
 M., and Emma W. 
 
 J. W. Overacker was bom in Onondaga, county 
 New York, in 1829. He resided in New York, 
 California, Illinois and Missouri, came to 
 Minneapolis in July, 1874, and has since been a 
 resident of this city. He is at present, secretaiy 
 and treasurer of the Co-operative Barrel Com- 
 pany. He resides at 721 Seventh street south. 
 
 E. W. Overlock. a life long resident of Henne- 
 pin county, was born at Brooklyn Centre, xVu- 
 gust 7th, 1859. He acquired a knowledge of 
 drugs, witli W. C. Colbiath, of tliis city. In 
 April, 1880, the firm of Overlock Brothers was 
 organized. 
 
 James II. Overlock was born at Brooklyn Cen- 
 tre, Hennepin county. He has ever since been a 
 resident of this county. He studied drugs with
 
 610 
 
 HISTORY OF HEXXEPIN COUXIY. 
 
 T. K. Gray, and worked for W. C. Colbrath and 
 Mr. Rose, both of this city. In 1880, he became 
 a partner in the present firm of Overlook Broth- 
 ers at 102 Central Avenue. 
 
 E. A. Owens, a native of New York city, was 
 born June 27tli, 1H59. lie accompanied liis par- 
 ents to Chicago in 1875 and completed his educa- 
 tion tliere. In October, 1879, he removed to 
 Iowa and studied law at tlie University in Iowa 
 City. Tlie followin;; year in June, he came to 
 Minneapolis and associated with W. D. Myers as 
 partner and business manager of the surgical in- 
 firmary, wliich is the only institution of general 
 surgery in the north-west. In October, 1879, Mr. 
 Owens married Mamie Evans, of McGregor, Iowa. 
 
 A. J. Palmes was born at Le Roy, Genesee 
 connty. New York. He came to Minneapolis in 
 187.5, and engaged with Mr. Eames, and has since 
 been general siiperintenilent of O. Eames" barrel 
 factory. He resides at 711 Fom-teenth street 
 south. 
 
 Jonathan Palmer is a native of Ohio, born at 
 Massillou, in 1852. His father died when he was 
 four years of age, and in 1806 he moved with his 
 mother, to Plymouth, Indiana, remaining five 
 years; then removed to Iluntsville, Alabama; 
 thence to Princeton, Indiana, in 1872, and estab- 
 lished a bakery. Three yeai-s later he came to 
 Minneapolis, and in 1880 he purchased the Home 
 Made Bakery and took a partner, Mr. H, W. 
 Drew. He also owns the Vienna and Nicollet 
 Avenne Bakery. He was married to Miss Nellie 
 Gowthorp in 1875, who has borne him one child: 
 Frank C. 
 
 G. W. Parmenter was born at Utica, New 
 Y'ork, in 1848. He went to Marquette county, 
 Wisconsin, at seven years of age, and two years 
 later removed to Kansas, and there learned car- 
 pentering. He traveled through the northern 
 states until the fall of 1S71, settling at that time 
 in Calumet county, Wisconsin, He resided there 
 until 1878, when he came to Minneapolis. The 
 firm of Parmenter Brothers, contractors and 
 builders, consists of G. W,, C. E. and II. M. Par- 
 menter. Contracts are taken by them in any part 
 of the state. Office on Eighth street, between 
 Hennepin and Nicollet Avenues. 
 
 C. II. Parker was born at Remsen, Oneida 
 county. New York, in 1832. If is father being a 
 veterinary surgeon, he studied with him when a 
 
 small boy. and was raised in the profession. In 
 1817 he went to Madison, Wisconsin, remaining 
 five years in practice for the Great Western Stage 
 Company, thence to Waupaca county. Wisconsin, 
 in 1853, remaining four jears ; he resided in 
 Houston county, Minnesota, four years, then re- 
 moved to Oswego county,New York, and enlisted 
 in tlie Second New York Cavalry, in whicli he 
 served two years, then re-enlisted in the Thir- 
 teenth New York Cavalry and served until his 
 discharge in 1865. He then resided in various 
 places in this state until 1875, when he located in 
 ^Minneapolis. During the entiie time he prac- 
 ticed his profession as veterinary surgeon. He 
 was married in 1877, to Mary Izenburger. 
 
 David C, Parker was born at Medford, Massa- 
 chusetts, in 1852. He was educated in the pub- 
 lic schools and remained with his parents until 
 eighteen years of age. After finishing his educa- 
 tion he was engaged in the wholesale and retail 
 drug business for seven or eiglit years at Boston. 
 In May, 1878, he came to Minneapolis and has 
 since been in the employ of Upham, Wyman and 
 Company as head book-keeper, and fills the posi- 
 tion with credit. Ilis marriage with Florence J., 
 daughter of John W. Eastman, occurred Septem- 
 ber 8th, 1880, in this city. 
 
 L, N. Parker was born at Chester. Vermont, 
 December 11th, 1823. At eight years of age he 
 accompanied his parents to Illinois, locating in 
 Madison county. He lived on a farm until eight- 
 een years of age, and in 1841 removed to St. 
 Croi.x, beniga lumberman there until 1849, when 
 he located at St. Anthony. He carried the first 
 mails bet ween St. Paul and St. Anthony, and ran 
 a line of stages on this route four years; was al- 
 so engaged in lumbering. In 1854 he was the 
 proprietor of a sale and livery stable, and also 
 practiced as a veterinary surgeon; he has con- 
 tinued in the practice since, at 102 First street 
 north. He married Amanda Huse in 1849. They 
 have two daughters and fotir sons; two sons have 
 died. 
 
 F. F. Patterson was born in Illinois in 1849. 
 His parents moved to New York when he was 
 two years old, where he lived until 1865. At the 
 age of twelve he began in tlie coasting service in 
 which he continued four years, sailing from New 
 York to different points on the coasts. When 
 sixteen veare of age he had the command of a
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL 
 
 611 
 
 schooner for a New York firm. In IHGo he came 
 to Kochester, Minnesota, settling on a farm on 
 which he lived until his removal to this city in 
 1872. He is now a contractor and builder. He 
 was married in 1871 to Miss EmmaLeetof Roch- 
 ester, Minnesota. 
 
 John Patterson is a native of Montreal, Cana- 
 ada, born in 18.32. He learned the mason's trade 
 with his father, and has made it his life business. 
 In 1854, went to Monroe, Wisconsin, and two 
 years later made St. Anthony his home. He is 
 the oldest contractor now doing business in this 
 city, and worked on tlie Cataract. Anchor and 
 Zenith mills. Patterson and Baxter, in 1868, 
 built the masonry for the bridge across tlie east 
 side channel. The firm of Stevens, Patterson 
 and Company was made in 1873, and existed un- 
 til the present firm of Patterson and Aronson was 
 formed. He was married to Sarah A. Burton in 
 1865, who has borne him five sons. 
 
 Levi N. Patterson, of the firm of Patterson and 
 Chilstrom, druggists, was born in Oneida county. 
 New York, in 1848. He came to Minnesota in 
 1854, and located at Mankato, where he passed 
 his youth, and learned the drug business in St. 
 Peter with Henry Jones. In 1872, located in 
 tliis city and worked in a drug store until 1874, 
 when he became a partner in the firm of Young, 
 Patterson and Company, but sold his interest five 
 years later. In October, 1880, the present firm 
 was formed and has since continued. He was 
 married in 1875 to Eva M. Tibbetts, of Mankato. 
 They have one cliild : lluss. Mr. Patterson's 
 father was one of the pioneers of Blue Earth 
 county, and was a member of the legislature at 
 the time of his death in 1861. 
 
 J. H. Paul was bom near Salem, Indiana, in 
 March, 1847. He cam", to this city in 1871, and 
 engaged in the manufacture of chuieh, school and 
 office furniture, in which business lie is at pres- 
 ent. He was married in March, 1875, to Miss Ida 
 Mertens. Their children are: Joseph and Alar- ' 
 garet. Residence, 871 Sixteenth Avenue south. 
 
 Leonard Paulle was born at Buffalo, New Y'ork, 
 in 1854. There he received his education and 
 learned his trade as show-case maker and en- 
 gaged in the manufacture of them. He remained 
 at Buffalo until 1876, when he came to Minnapo- 
 lis and pursued his trade. He is located at 123 
 
 Washington Avenue south, where he is domg a 
 large and thriving business. 
 
 James Pauly is a native of France, born in 
 1826. He came to the United States in 1849, 
 making Woodbury, Connecticut, his home seven 
 years. In 1856 he removed to Reed's Landing, 
 Minnesota, where he engaged in hotel keeping 
 twenty-three years, five of which was passed in 
 the Bullard House, and ten in the American 
 House. He bought and took possession of the 
 Pauly House of this city in June, 1879. He was 
 married in 1857, to Miss Margaret Simon. They 
 have two sons and two daughters. 
 
 F. M. Pieronnet was born in Pennsylvania, in 
 1858. He accompanied his parents to St. Louis, 
 Missouri, at the age of fifteen. His father being 
 a physician, he studied with him until Jime 1878. 
 Having no taste for his father's profession he 
 came to Jtlinneapolis in that year and was em- 
 ployed in the Crown Roller mill one year and 
 has since then been engaged as book-keeper. At 
 present he has charge of the books and financial 
 department for L. Paulle, show case manufac- 
 turer. 
 
 John W. Pence was born in Warren county, 
 Ohio, February 11th. 1830. He lived with his 
 father on the farm until eighteen years of age, 
 then engaged with a partner, dealing in grain, 
 general merchandise, etc., for eight years with 
 marked success. In 18.56, he went to Columbus, 
 when he was again a dealer in grain, stock, etc., 
 untU 1865, when failing health induced him to 
 change. He came to Minnesota, and from Fari- 
 bault to St. Paul, by stage, thence to this 
 city. In 1866. he bought the lots where now 
 stand the City Bank, and Opera House, which bears 
 his name, being at that time among the first 
 three-story buildings in the city. Mr. Pence has 
 been president of the City Bank, and has heavy 
 mining interests near Leadville, Colorado, and 
 owns with S. P. Snyder, forty thousand acres of 
 rich rolling prairie south of Jamestown, Dakota 
 territory. He was married at Alinneapolis in 
 1871 to Miss Laura Enell, of Maine, who died 
 January 6th, 1878. 
 
 I. L. Penny, a resident of Minneapolis, was 
 born in Maine, in 1834. lie located here in Feb- 
 ruary, 1855; he is the proprietor of the Minne- 
 apolis drill manufactory at 315 Third Avenue 
 south. He was married in 1857 to Miss Ehoda
 
 612 
 
 JJJSTOBY OF i/£iVjT£'P/iT COUNTY. 
 
 V. Bean, whose parents came here in 1849. 
 Their cliililren are. Herbert E.. Famiie ¥., Geor- 
 gia L., and Wabel. 
 
 George F. Perkins was born at "Westminster, 
 Wassachnsetts, Jnne 9th. 1852. He moved with 
 his parents to near Monticello, Minnesota, in 1855, 
 and worl<ed on a farm until sixteen years of age. 
 In the fall of 1809 he returned east to attend 
 school, but instead, chose to learn the machinist's 
 trade and served his apprenticeship at Fitchburg, 
 Massacluisetts. with the Fitchburg Machine Com- 
 pany, and retunied to Minneapolis in 1876. He 
 entered the shops of Walker Brothers and 
 during the same year opened a shop of his own 
 on a cash capital of but seventeen dollars. Ow- 
 ing to economy, energy and perseverance he is 
 now at the head of liis large establishment. 
 
 Herman J. Peters was born at Dayton. Ohio, 
 in 1855. AVhen a boy he moved to Kansas City, 
 Missouri, and learned the trade of miller while 
 therein the Demond mill. He worked there ten 
 years then went to Houston, Texas, for two years, 
 thence to this city in June, 1879. He was first in 
 the employ of the Empire mill, then in the Cata- 
 ract as miller, where he has since remained. 
 
 Andrew Peterson, of the firm of Peterson and 
 Henland, is a native of Sweden, born October, 
 4th, 1844. He came to the United States in 1866, 
 first locating at Hastings, Minnesota. In 1867 
 he went to Montana, where he worked at the 
 blacksmith's trade until 1871. He then came to 
 this city and engaged in the Monitor plow works. 
 In April, 1880 he began dealing in oysters and 
 fish. He was manied in 1872, to Sarah Ander- 
 son, a native of Sweden. Tliey have four child- 
 ren: Carrie, Annie, (ieorge W., and baby. 
 
 A. G. Peterson, a resident of 2tIinneapolis, was 
 born in Denmark, October 1st. 18.53. He came 
 to the United States in 1868, locating at Fairfield, 
 Connecticut, and remained there until 1870, 
 then came to this city, and in 1871 entered a 
 grocery store as clerk; three years later he started 
 in the grocery business with his brother, H. C. 
 Peterson. In 1879, he sold his interest to his 
 brother and engaged in business for himself, at 
 lliU3. Third Avenue south. He married Amelia 
 J. Hanson, of New York city, in 1878. They 
 are parents of one child. 
 
 H. O. Peterson, a native of Norway, was born 
 in 1849. He emigrated to the United States in 
 
 1869, and first located in St. Cloud, Minnesota. 
 The next year he removed to Minneapolis, where 
 he worked in the saw mills of the city until 1877. 
 He then clerked in a grocery store two years, 
 then opened an establishment, doing business for 
 himself. During the same year, he added a stock 
 of crockery ware, and in March, 1»80, a full line 
 of dry goods was added. He now occupies two 
 stores at 1422 and 1424, Washington Avenue 
 south. He was mari-ied in 1871, to Christine 
 IJlfcken of Norway. They have foiu" children: 
 
 I. C. Petersen, is a native of Denmark, horn 
 December 13th, 1836. He learned the shoema- 
 ker's trade in his native country. In 1873 he 
 came to the United States, making Faribault, 
 Minnesota, his home until 1877. In that year he 
 removed to Minneapolis and worked for C. A. 
 Ileffelfinger two years, when he opened a shop 
 of his own and still continues. He married Miss 
 Anna Larson, of Norway, in 1859. They have 
 had ten children, five of whom are living: Elma, 
 D., Charles, Jennie and Fannie. 
 
 :Martin Peterson was born in Sweden, in 1845. 
 He emigrated to America, in 1868, and settled at 
 Lansing, Iowa; thence to Keokuk. In 1871. he 
 came to Minnesota, and worked at railroad con- 
 ti-acting in Houston and Winona counties, until 
 the fall of 1878, then came to this city and 
 started in the grocery business at 1501, Washing- 
 ton Avenue south. 
 
 Oliver Petersen is a native of Norway, bom 
 October 2d, 1S51. He came to the United States 
 in 1866, locating at La Crosse, Wisconsin, re- 
 maining three years, dealing in groceries and dry 
 goods. He then removed to Rushford. Minne- 
 sota; thence to St. Paul in 1870, and was em- 
 ployed five years b\' the St. Paul and Sioux City 
 Railway Company. In 1877 he returned to his 
 native country, remaining three years. He then 
 made Minneapolis his home, and engaged in the 
 saloon business at 821 Washington Avenue south. 
 He married Carrie Davison in 1879. who bore 
 him one child, AVilliam. 
 
 John Petrasch was born in Bohemia. October 
 12th, 1829. Here he spent his youth, and became 
 familiar with the shoemaker's trade. He emi- 
 grated to the United States in 18-59, and after 
 passing one year at St. Louis, came to Minne- 
 apolis, and at once opened a boot and shoe store at 
 25 First street south, wliere he still continues.
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL. 
 
 613 
 
 M. Pettingill was born at Cambridge, Maine, 
 in 1832. At eigliteen years of age lie joined liis 
 parents at Omro, Wisconsin, they having moved 
 there one year previous. After a stay of two 
 years' duration, he returned east and was em- 
 ployed in the cotton factories eight years, after 
 which he removed to Iowa, but finding the 
 country too new for business, he again returned 
 to Omro, and, with his father, opened a boot and 
 shoe store. He traveled through the north-west 
 and obtained patents, particularly for the Pettin- 
 gill draw-bar for car coupling, but lacking the 
 necessary means he was unable to introduce them 
 into general use. He became a resident of JSIin- 
 neapolis in 1871, and opened a restaurant, with a 
 shoe shop in the rear. Four years later he leased 
 the Chalybeate Springs, where he now resides. 
 His marriage with Miss E. D. Harrington occurred 
 in October, 1855. They have six children, all liv- 
 ing at home. 
 
 E. J. Phelps, of the firm of Phelps and Brad- 
 street, furniture dealers, came to Minneapolis in 
 April, 1878, from Aurora, Illinois, and in company 
 with J. S. Bradstreet established the furniture 
 business at 421 and 423 Nicollet Avenue. Resi- 
 dence at 1027 First Avenue north. 
 
 William Phipps was born at Maine, Broome 
 county, New York, in 1829. He lived on a farm 
 until twenty-one years of age; then apprenticed 
 as a carpenter. In 1855 he was employed by the 
 government, and went to Fort Leavenworth, 
 Kansas, but soon returned to Illinois on account of 
 ill-health. He worked at his trade until 1857, 
 when he came to Minnesota. After being in the 
 employ of the government, working in different 
 states, he located at Minneapolis in 1872, where 
 he has since lived, employed as a contractor and 
 builder. In 1858 he was married to Miss Kate 
 Arnell, who died in June, 1864. His second wife 
 was Arbilla C. Wilmot, whom he mairied in 
 1866, and by whom lie has three children: Ross 
 v., Willie II. and Clifford. Residence at 25 
 Seventh street. 
 
 John Sargent Pillsbury, Governor of the State 
 of Minnesota, is a native of Sutton, Merrimac 
 county. New Hampshire, born July 29th, 1828. 
 His educational advantages during boyhood were 
 limited to the common schools of his native 
 town. At an early age he commenced learning 
 the painter's trade, but when about sixteen he 
 
 entered the mercantile business as salesman in a 
 store at Warner. Wlien twenty-one years of age 
 he formed a partnership with Walter Harrimon, 
 afterwards Governor of New Hampshire, which 
 continued two years. He then removed to Con- 
 cord, where he remained four years in the busi- 
 ness of merchant tailor and cloth dealer. In 
 1853 he made a tour of observation throughout 
 the western states, and in 1855 he located at St. 
 Anthony, Minnesota, engaging in the hardware 
 business with success. In addition to the losses 
 by the panic of 1857. his establishment was de- 
 stroyed by fire, entailing a loss of twenty-two 
 thousand dollars, with no insurance; but by hard, 
 honest labor and indefatigable energy, he recov- 
 ered, and in five years was again a prosperous 
 merchant. In 1858 he was elected a member of 
 the city council and re-elected for six successive 
 years. When the rebellion broke out he rendered 
 efficient service in organizing the Fii-st, Second 
 and Third Regiments gf Minnesota Volunteers, 
 and in 1862, in company with others; raised and 
 equipped a mounted company for service against 
 the Indians. In 1863 he was appointed one of 
 the regents of tlie University of Minnesota, and 
 its present gratifying condition is largely owing 
 to his prudent endeavors. In 1872 he engaged 
 in the manufacture of flour in Minneapolis, with 
 his nephew, C. A. Pillsbury. The firm of C. A. 
 Pillsbury and Company is one of the largest man- 
 ufacturers of flour in the world. In 1863 he was 
 elected state senator from Hennepin county, and 
 re-elected for four following terms, and again in 
 1872 and the succeeduig term. In 1875 Mr. 
 Pillsbury was elected Governor and re-elected in 
 1877 and 1879. His administration has been 
 marked by a thorougli devotion to the interests of 
 the people of this state. He married in Warner, 
 New Hampshire, November .3d, 1866, Miss Ma- 
 hala Fisk. They have had four children: Ida, 
 Susie May, Sadie Belle and Alfred Fisk. 
 
 Charles F. Pillsbury, lawyer, was born in King- 
 field, Franklin county, Maine, January 31st, 
 1828. He studied law and was admitted to the 
 bar in Somerset county, Maine, in 1854. He prac- 
 ticed his profession m Somerset and Franklin 
 counties until September, when he came to Min- 
 neapolis and was admitted to practice in the 
 courts of Minneapolis by Judge Vanderburgh in 
 December of the same year. He has been en-
 
 614 
 
 HISTOBY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 gaged in real estate business in connection with 
 Ms law practice. He is one of five brothers, bom 
 on the farm at Kinglield. where they all remained 
 until twenty-one years of age. Two of the broth- 
 ers are lawyers, one a minister, one a merchant, 
 and one a physician. Mr. Pillsbury's marriage 
 with Francis H. Boynton. of Xew Portland, 
 Maine, occurred in 1856. They have had four 
 children, two of whom are now living, a son and 
 daughter. In 1871. a son. aged twelve met his 
 death by a fall on tlie ice on the river. 
 
 George A. Pillsbury, son of John and Susan 
 Pillsbury. is a native of Sutton. Merrimac count>-, 
 2sew Hampshire, born August 29th. 1S16. He 
 received a common school education in his na- 
 tive to\\T3, and at the age of eighteen, he went 
 to Boston andj secured employment as clerk in a 
 grocery store. He remained at Boston only a 
 httle over one year, when he retirrned to Sutton 
 and began the manufacture of stoves and sheet- 
 iron ware in company with his cousin, J. C. 
 Pillsbirry. In 1840, he removed to Warner as 
 clerk for J. H. Pearson, and in July fi>llowing, 
 he purchased the business and conducted the 
 same. He was postmaster at AVarner from 1844 
 to 1849, also held other oflBces of trust and prom- 
 inence. In 18.51, he received the appointment of 
 purchasing agent for the Concord railroad, and 
 occupied that position until 1875. He became a 
 resident of Minneapolis in 1878, and still resides 
 here. He is a member of the firm of C. A. Pills- 
 bury and Company, and also holds other positions 
 of prominence. He married Margaret S. Carle- 
 ton in 1841. They are the parents of two sons, 
 Charles A., and Fred. C. both associated vdth 
 him in business. Charles is a graduate of Dart- 
 mouth College and a member of the Minnesota 
 state senate. 
 
 C. E. Ploch, a native of Germany, was born 
 May 22d, 1838. He emigrated to America in 
 1854, making New York his home where he 
 learned liis trade, that of shoe-makmg, and 
 worked at it until 1860. He then removed to 
 South Carolina, remaining seven years, then came 
 to Minneapolis, lie w as employed at his trade 
 by different firms until 1873, when he opened a 
 store of his own at 508 Washington Avenue 
 north. He married Doretta Wille, of Germany 
 in 1865. Their children are, Amelia, Clara, 
 Alicia and CeciUa. 
 
 Frank Plummer was born at Brooklyn, Henne- 
 pin coimty, Mhmesota. Jime 10th, 1855. He 
 lived on a farm until 1868, then attended the 
 graded schools of St. Paul until 1871. when he 
 entered the University and finished his studies in 
 1873. He entered the city engineer's oflSce and 
 remained three years, and the next spring went 
 to the Black Hills, remaining tivo years. In 
 May, 1880, he returned and opened his present 
 office, in company with F. H. Xutter, as civil en- 
 gineer. In tlie fall of 1880, he was elected 
 county sirrveyor, which office he now holds. 
 
 George Pomarleau was bom in Canada, in 1845. 
 He came to Hennepin county in 1853, and for 
 ten years lived with his parents on a farm. The 
 next eight years he was employed by the govern- 
 ment, teaming from Fort Snelling, and Fort Ab- 
 ercrombie. He is now proprietor of the '•Phila- 
 delphia Exchange," of this city, 215 First street 
 north. He was married, in 1873, to Miss Victo- 
 ria Blondio. Three children have been bom to 
 them. 
 
 E. F. Pomeroy was bom at Gran\dlle, Massa- 
 chusetts. June 7th. 1833. He came to Minneapo- 
 lis in ]May, 1880, from Cedar Rapids, Iowa, where 
 he had been engaged in the manufacture of soap. 
 He has a wife and five children all Uving in this 
 city. He is of the firm of Pomeroy and Benuer, 
 Minneapolis Soap Works. 
 
 J. L. Pomeroy is a native of Southhampton, 
 ^lassachusetts, born November 3d, 1818. He lo- 
 cated at Bassetfs Creek in 1855. engagmg in 
 milling under the firm name of Pomeroy, Bates 
 and Company, in which he continued four years, 
 then in company with Mr. Bassett built a distil- 
 lery, and sold out in 1862 and engaged in the 
 liquor business in this city. In 1874, in company 
 with E. X. Bates and Joseph Day. he built a flour 
 mill at Piedmont. Missouri, and the next year re- 
 turned to this city and engaged in the liquor 
 business at the comer of Second street and First 
 Avenue south. He married Lydia T. Thomas 
 December 3d. 1840. Their children are : Martha 
 E., Julia C. and Edward T. 
 
 Father T. L. Power, pastor of the Church of 
 the Holy Rosary, was bom in Waterford county, 
 Ireland, March 17th, 1830. He attended St. 
 John's College in his native country, in 1849 
 came to America, and went to St. Rose, Ken- 
 tucky, where he became a member of the Domin-
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL 
 
 615 
 
 lean Order. After completing his theological 
 studies there, he went to Sinsinawa Mound, 
 Wisconsin, and in July, 1856, was ordained at 
 Jililwaukee, by the now venerable Archbishop 
 Henni. lie remained several years at Sinsin- 
 awa Mound, then went to Memphis, Tennessee 
 where in 1867 he suffered a severe attack of yel- 
 low fever. In 1868 he returned to Sinsinawa 
 Mound, wliere he remained tliree years, then 
 went to Washington, District of Columbia, where 
 he assisted in tlie erection of St. Dominica's 
 Church. In 1878 he came to Mmneapolis, pur- 
 chased the present site of the Holy Rosary, and 
 at once commenced its erection, as well as that 
 of the convent, which is under his supervision. 
 Father Power states that upon his arrival here 
 he bought an old building used as a Swedish 
 Church, and had it moved to his grounds for 
 temporary purposes. In this old building, while 
 it was yet on rollers, in the middle of the street, 
 he celebrated his first mass. 
 
 J. M. Pottle, proprietor of the Minne-ha-ha 
 Carriage Works, established his business in 1862, 
 and eight years after, his son, J. H. Pottle, was 
 taken as partner, making the present firm of J. 
 M. Pottle and Son. This firm employs twenty- 
 five men, doing first-class work, wliicli is nearly 
 all done to order, and consists of buggies and 
 light carriages. Tlieir works cover an area of 
 125 X 160 feet, at 117 Second street south. 
 
 F. E. Pratt, manufacturer of carriages, sleighs, 
 wagons, etc., was born at Bangor, Maine, in 1842. 
 He enlisted in 1861, and served until his dis- 
 charge in 1865. He made Michigan his home for 
 three years, and in 1875 returned to his native 
 state, remaining two years ; then came to Minne- 
 apolis, where he has since resided and conducted 
 a lucrative and thriving business. He was mar- 
 ried in Fel)ruary, 1861. 
 
 Otis Arkwright Pray was born at Livermore, 
 Oxford county, Maine, February 28th, 1833. His 
 great grandfatlier Pray, who was a soldier in the 
 revolutionary war, emigrated from Scotland to 
 Connecticut, thence to Oxford, ilassachusetts. 
 Otis' father being a mill-wright and farmer, at 
 the age of eigliteen he decided to follow his 
 father's trade, and was apprenticed as such at 
 Lewiston, to D. Beede. After serving three 
 years as an apprentice, he formed a partnership 
 with Mr. Beede, which continued three years, 
 
 during which time they were engaged in mill 
 building throughout Maine. In 1867 he came to 
 Minneapolis, and first built a saw-mill up the 
 river; tlien was employed by AV. D. Waslnuii to 
 assist in buildmg the great Minneapolis mill-dam. 
 After the dam was fini.slied, he built the Cataract 
 mill, which was the first flouring-mill on tlie west 
 side. He then removed to Afton, on St. Croix 
 Lake, and engaged in building; then returned, 
 and erected the Union mill ; thence to St. Cloud, 
 where he built and operated a mill until 1866, 
 when he again returned to tliis city, and has been 
 connected with tlie business interests since. He 
 is a member of the firm of O. A. Pray and 
 Company, iron manufacturers. He married June 
 17th, 1858, at Wilton, Maine, Miss Frances A. 
 Fenderson. They have one son, Albert Fender- 
 son. 
 
 A. R. Prescott is a native of Vienna, Maine, 
 born August 2Sth, 1838. In 1875 he went to New 
 Brunswick, and sold goods on the road from St. 
 Johns. In 1877 he located at Sussex, New 
 Brunswick, and for three years kept restaurant: 
 then made this city his home, and opened a res- 
 taurant at 217 Central Avenue. He was married 
 to Mary E. Bridges, in 1860, who bore him one 
 child, Charles A. Mrs. Prescott died in 1864. 
 His second wife was Lydia A. Bridges, whom he 
 married in 1865, Children : Mary E., Lorinda 
 I., Lydia E., and Emma; Laura and Effie, died. 
 
 Cliarles H. Prior was born August 1st, 1833, at 
 Plainfield, Connecticut. He moved with his pa- 
 rents to Cleveland, Ohio, in 1836, where he at- 
 tended the public schools until 1848. He attended 
 Oberlin College of Ohio, two years, then at Cleve- 
 land University, two years, completing a course 
 as civil engineer in 1852. He engaged in the 
 pursuit of his profession until 1860 on the Lake 
 Shore and Michigan Southern railroad, the Louis- 
 ville and Sandusky City railroad, and the Mil- 
 waukee and Madison railroad. He was then em- 
 liloyed in ihe operative department of the Chica- 
 go, Milwaukee and St. Paul railroad; he is now 
 and has been for ten years past, superintendent 
 of that company's lines, in Iowa. Minnesota and 
 Dakota. He was married in 1860, at Cleveland, 
 Ohio, to Miss Delia M. Noyes. Their children 
 are: Nellie D., Joseph II., and Edith L. 
 
 L. A. Priest, of the firm of L. A. Priest and 
 Company, commission merchants, was born at
 
 616 
 
 UISTOEY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 Boston, ilarch 17th, 1844. lie first located in 
 business at Walpole, Massachusetts, remaining 
 until 1877, when he settled for a short time in 
 Chicago: thence to Deadwood, Dakota territory-, 
 where he was connected with mining interests 
 until his removal to Minneapolis in 1880. He has 
 b?en unusually successful as a commission mer- 
 chant, the stock in trade being fruits, produce, 
 poultry, game, etc. He was married in 1878, to 
 Mary "\'an Xorman of Outiirio, Canada. 
 
 W. H. Priest was born in Essex county. New 
 York, in 1841. In early life he accompanied his 
 p.irents to Illinois, remaining there two years; 
 then removed to Appleton, "Wisconsin, where he 
 remained until coming to this city in 1874. He 
 engaged in coopering, and was foreman for Hall 
 and Dann for four and one-half years. He en- 
 tered the Hennepin County Barrel Company in 
 May, 1880. and is now a member of that organ- 
 ization. He was married in 1863 to Miss Louise 
 Osborne. Kesidence at 610 Fourteenth Avenue 
 south. 
 
 Charles Proehl, dealer in lime, hair, cement, 
 plaster, etc., was born in Germany in 1827. He 
 attended the public schools untU fourteen years 
 of age. then learned the tinde of stone-mason. 
 He emigrated in 1854 to Illinois, and after re- 
 maining a few months came to Minneapolis and 
 has since made this his home. He first worked 
 on the old suspension bridge, and in 1854 he took a 
 claim of one hundred and sixty acres in the town- 
 ship of Plymouth, which he gave to his brother-in- 
 law and half-brother. In 1850 he commenced busi- 
 ness as contractor for stone mason work, in which 
 he continued until 1867, when he began his pres- 
 ent business. He was the first regular dealer in 
 hair. lime. etc.. in the city. It was he who built 
 the first stone foundation for a building 'in the 
 city, which now stands on the comer of First 
 street and Fourth Avenue north. He was mar- 
 ried m .St. Anthony by '-Squii-e" Bostwiek, in 
 1855, to Lena Peters of Prussia, then living in 
 Minneapolis. 
 
 J. J. Provan was bom at Glasgow, Scotland. 
 May 3d, 1827. He learned the tailors' trade 
 the year in which Queen Victoria was crowned. 
 He came to America in 1852, locating at Boston, 
 where he remained until coming to Minneapolis 
 in 1866. He first opened a shop on 2ilain street. 
 East Division, where the Pillsbury A mill now 
 
 stands. He opened a store of gents furnishing 
 goods, in connection with his merchant tailoring 
 under the Pence block. In 1869 he removed to 
 his present location, 8 Washington Avenue 
 north. He was married in Boston, to Miss Han- 
 nah Ilowley, in 1865, who died December 3d, 
 1873, He was again married in 1875 to Ellen F. 
 Holmes of this city. 
 
 CHAPTER LXXXII. 
 
 BIOGEAPniCAL Q, K AND S. 
 
 Peter Quady is a native of Germany, born in 
 1847. He came to the United States when a 
 small child, locating in Jefferson county, Wiscon- 
 sin, and lived on a farm until seventeen years of 
 age, then went in the woods winters and worked 
 in the saw-mills summers. In 1874 he opened a 
 hotel, and has since been in that business. In 
 1879 he became one of the proprietors of Quady "s 
 hotel, in this city. He married Miss Hannora 
 Carroll, November 19th, 1877. Michael E., and 
 Eobert L., are their children. 
 
 Robert Quady, was born in Jefferson county, 
 Wisconsin, January 6th, 1856, He came to 
 Minneapolis in 1870, and for six years worked in 
 the woods, also in the mills. In 1876 he leased 
 the Green Mountain House, of which he was 
 proprietor three years, then, in company with his 
 brother opened Quady "s Hotel, in 1879. He 
 married Miss Maggie O'Brien in 1877. Their 
 children are: Maggie and Mary A. 
 
 Thomas G. Rainey, M. D.. was bom at Belfast, 
 Ireland, March 27th, 1845. He came to the 
 United States in 1863. His education was ob- 
 tained partly in Ireland, also at Hillsdale, College, 
 Michigan. He studied at the Medical University 
 of that state, and graduated with the degree of 
 M. D. in March. 1872. He commenced his prac- 
 tice immediately at Ionia, and remained two 
 and one-half years, then studied in New York 
 and London one year. He relumed to America 
 in 1876, locating at Poilland, Maine, and resumed 
 practice. In 1879, he became a resident of Min- 
 neapolis, where has since practiced his profession.
 
 BIOGBAPHICAL. 
 
 617 
 
 John P. Eank, a native of Gennany, was bom 
 in 1829. lie came to the United States in 1843, 
 and remained eleven years witli liis parents on a 
 farm in Canada. In 185-1, lie came to Minneapo- 
 lis and worked in the woods one winter, the year 
 following engaged in tlie grocery business. In 
 1863, lie bought a building in which he kept 
 saloon until it burned in 1868. He erected a new 
 building on that site, and in 1874 again opened a 
 saloon where he now is. He married Miss Mary 
 Gluck in 1859, Edward, John, Louisa, Kate, 
 Henry, Louis, Anna, Frederick and Otto, are the 
 children. 
 
 N. Raths was born at Luxembourg, October 
 27th, 1839. He came to the United States in 
 1855, locating first in Iowa. In 1864, he removed 
 to Minnesota and engaged in farming in the 
 suburbs of Miunneapolis, until 1870, when he 
 started a grocery store at 1307 Washington Ave- 
 nue nortli, in which he is still doing a tliriving 
 business, and owns the property on which he is 
 located. His marriage with Anna Bofferding oc- 
 cured in 1867. They have five children living, 
 Maggie, Nanny, Willie, Philomeiia and George. 
 
 Jacob Rauen is a native of Prussia, bom No- 
 vember 1st, 1836. At twenty years of age. he 
 came to the United States and first located on a 
 farm in Crystal Lake, Hennepin county, Jlinne- 
 sota. Here he remained until 1868, when he re- 
 moved to this city, and the next year built the 
 Ilarmonia House, which he still owns. This 
 hotel was managed by him until 1877, when he 
 retired from active business on account of poor 
 health. He was foreman of the old Gerniaiiia 
 Hose Company four years,-aiid assistant engineer 
 of the Minneapolis fire department two years. 
 He married Miss Ernestine Stultzman, of Ger- 
 many in 1865. They have three children livuig, 
 Henrietta J., Annie C. and Charles. 
 
 Peter Rauen, a native of Germany, was born 
 October 17th, 1834. He came to the United 
 States in 1854, and remained in Chicago two 
 years, then located in St. Anthony, and is one of 
 the old pioneers of this region. He removed to 
 St. Paul and remained until 1S59, wnen he re- 
 turned and commenced in the grocery and general 
 merchandise business, at the corner of Plymouth 
 and Washington Avenues, wliicli he has since 
 continued. He is now the oldest German grocer 
 in the city, and has accimiulated much valuable 
 
 property. He was married in 1854 to Christina 
 Thielen, of Germany. They have had twelve 
 children; six are now living: Annie, Jacob, Mary, 
 Susan, Josephine and Lizzie. 
 
 Thomas Raymond was born in Rindge, 
 New Hampshire, May 2d, 1830. In 1855 he 
 went to Moline, Illinois, and engaged in manu- 
 facturing pails and tubs for nine years. He re- 
 moved to Minneapolis in 1864, was in the same 
 business for five years, and for six years follow- 
 ing was employed in flouring mills and furniture 
 factories. Since 1876, he has been in the employ 
 of Washburn and Company. His marriage with 
 Miss Hannah Longton occurred in 1856. They 
 are parents of five children: William S., Ida I., 
 Lulu L., Charles and George. 
 
 L. W. Raymeiiton was born at Chester, Ver- 
 mont, November 18tli, 1852. He received an 
 academic course at Burr and Burton's Seminary, 
 at Manchester, Vermont, in 1872, and attended 
 Middlebury College one year, after which he re- 
 turned to his native town. He read law at the 
 following places: at Chester, with Hugh Henry; 
 at Uxbridge, Massachusetts, with George W. 
 Ilobbs; at Worcester, with C. A. Merrill, and in 
 the summer of 1879 was admitted to the bar. 
 He removed to Minneapolis the fall following, 
 and opened an office in company with G. W. Ilael 
 in April, 1880. The firm is known as Hael and 
 Raymenton. 
 
 Judge John P. Rea was born October 13th, 
 1840, in Lower Oxford township, Chester coun- 
 ty, Pennsylvania. His father owned a woolen 
 factory, and he passed his time tliere and at- 
 tending school, until September, 1870. when he 
 went to Piqua, Ohio, where he taught school, 
 lie enlisted in 1861 in company B, Eleventh 
 Ohio Infantry, being one of the first in the state 
 to enlist. He served in that regiment four 
 months, when he was commissioned as second 
 lieutenant of company I, First Ohio Cavalry ; he 
 was promoted to first lieutenant March 12th, 1862, 
 and in April of the next year to the rank of cap- 
 tain, and soon after was brevetted major. He 
 served in the regiment three years and four 
 months, having been absent only ten days, seven 
 of which he was a prisoner and three days sick. 
 In 1865 he entered the Wesleyan College at Dele- 
 ware, Ohio; he graduated in the classical course 
 in June, 1867. During the vacation of 1866 he
 
 618 
 
 HISTOBY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 entered the office of Hon. O. J. Dickey, Lancas- 
 ter, Tennsylvania, as a law student and was ad- 
 mitted to the bar there in August, 1868. In 
 Marcli of the next year he was api)ointed one of 
 the three notaries public of Lancaster, by Gover- 
 nor Geai-y. April 12th, 1869 he was appointed 
 by President Grant, assessor of internal revenue 
 for the Ninth district of Pennsylvania, which 
 office he held until it was abolished by law in 
 1873. He continued practicing law in Lancaster 
 until December, 1875, when he removed to Min- 
 neapolis. January 2d, 1876, he became editor of 
 the I\Iinneapolis Tribune and remained in that con- 
 nection until May, 1877. He once more resumed 
 bis practice and in November of that year was 
 chosen probate judge and re-elected in 1879. He 
 married Emma M. Gould of Ohio, October 26th, 
 1869. 
 
 Gustavus Rees, a native of Germany, was bom 
 June 18th, 1818. He came to America in 1854, 
 was in the mercantile business until 1871, when 
 he came Muineapolis, and became a partner of 
 his brother in a clothing establishment. 
 
 R. Rees was born in Germany, in February, 
 1842. He came to America in 1854, and engaged 
 in the mercantile business, until 1869, when he 
 located in Minneapolis, and opened a clothing 
 store. The firm name is R. Rees and Brother. 
 
 Louis RehU a resident of Jlinneapolis, was 
 born in Germany, in 1849. He came to the 
 United States in 1865; and was in the Lake Su- 
 perior copper mines, working at his trade, that 
 of blacksmith, three years, then came to this 
 city. He was employed as a blacksmith several 
 years, then opened an establishment of his own 
 at No. 1817, Riverside Avenue, corner of Fourth 
 street south. He is a manufactiuer of wagons 
 also the patent meat blocks for butchers. Hemar- 
 ried Henrietta Paul in 1868, who bore him four 
 children. 
 
 L. M. Reid was born at Cedarville, Ohio, June, 
 1852. He came to Minneapolis in 1865, and at- 
 tended school here, after whicli he clerked for 
 Kelly, Reid and Wagner. He had an interest in 
 the North Star Boot and Shoe Company for three 
 years, then went into the present business of 
 plumbing, gas tilting, etc. The lirm name is 
 Cauvet and Reid. Mr. Reid was married in 1876, 
 to Miss Frankie Cook, of this city. They have 
 two children: Finley Earle and Harry Fayette. 
 
 A. M. Reid, president of the North Star Boot 
 and Shoe Company, was born in Greene county, 
 Ohio, in 1829. Here he received his early educa- 
 tion, and upon reaching man's estate was in 
 manufacturing and general merchandise business 
 for fifteen years. Having concluded to go west 
 he visited all important cities west of the Jlissis- 
 sippi, for the purpose of finding a desirable place 
 in which to permanently settle. Upon arriving 
 at Miimeapolis he decided to look no further, but 
 returned to an-ange his business, which he did, 
 and located here with his family in November, 
 I860. He did not resume an active business life 
 until he became one of the firm of Kelly, Reid 
 and Wagner, wholesale grocers, in 1870. He was 
 one of those who organized the North Star Boot 
 and Shoe Company, and was secretary and 
 treasiu'er of the company until 1877, when he was 
 elected its president. He was married in 1848, to 
 Julia Miller, of Ohio. Finley M., Lafayette M., 
 and Ada Viola, now Mrs. F. E. Hesler, are their 
 children. 
 
 F. M. Reid, secretary of the North Star Boot 
 and Shoe Company, was born in Greene county, 
 Ohio, July 15th, 1850. He came with his parents 
 to Minneapolis in I860, and received his education 
 at the common and high schools of the city. His 
 first experience in mercantile pursuits was with 
 the firm of Kelly, Reid and Wagner, wholesale 
 grocers, his father being a member of the firm. 
 He was employed next by the North Star Boot 
 and Shoe ('ompany as their first book-keeper. He 
 opened and kept the first set of books used by the 
 company. He was soon promoted to the position 
 of secretary, which he still holds with credit. He 
 was married in 1878, to Jennie M. Higgins, 
 daughter of M. L. Higgins, of Minneapolis, who 
 has borne him one child, Bessie M. 
 
 AVilliam H. Keid is a native of Ontario, Can- 
 ada, born May 17th, 1856. He learned milling at 
 home and worked four years at Spicerville, Can- 
 ada, and has since then worked in mills at differ- 
 ent points in Minnesota and Wisconsui. He 
 came to Minneapolis, March, ISSO, and engaged 
 with the Pettit mill as grinder, and has since 
 been with this firm. 
 
 S. T. Rhuart was born at Cleveland, Ohio, De- 
 cember 27th, 1850. During the spring of 1871 he 
 came to Minneapolis and for six years worked at 
 blacksmithing. In 1877 he became the proprietor
 
 BIOOBAFHICAL. 
 
 619 
 
 of the Washington Avenue House, which is 
 owned by C. M. Warner. He married Miss Mary 
 Sexton, Marcli 4th, 1877. Albert II. and Maggie 
 I. are their cliildren. 
 
 S. M. Kich was born in Boston, DecemVter 2d, 
 1851. He came to Minneapolis in 1879, and en- 
 gaged in dealing in oysters, salt, dried and canned 
 fish, which is exclusively wholesale. His trade 
 extends throughout Miimesota, Iowa, Wisconsin 
 and Dakota, and its growth has been very exten- 
 sive. Mr. Rich was married in 1873, to Mary A. 
 W. Brigham, of Boston. They have three chil- 
 dren: Mortimer B., John H. and Henry L. 
 
 Edward A. Richards was born in Berlin, Wis- 
 consin, September 17th, 1850. He came to Min- 
 neapolis in 1872 and worked in the Washburn A 
 mill five years. After the explosion he was em- 
 ployed in the Pillsbury mill until the Washburn 
 C started, and since been in this mill. He mar- 
 ried Mary Eckes in 1877. Their children are, 
 Nellie and George. 
 
 C. H. A. Richter is a native of Prussia, boi-n 
 June 4th, 1837. In October, 1863, he came to 
 the United States. He made Springfield, Illinois, 
 his home two years, then to Brownsville, Minne- 
 sota. In 1866, he came to IMinneapolis and 
 worked two years at tailoring, then removed to 
 St. 'Peter and taught school two years. He re- 
 turned to this city in 1870,and has since been in the 
 saloon business at 317 Wasliington Avenue north. 
 He married Mary L. Kletzin in 1868. Henry, 
 Fritz, Emma and Ida are their children. 
 
 F. C. Rideout was born in Maine, in 1852, and 
 there received his education. In 1876, he came 
 to Minneapolis and at once commenced dealing in 
 flour and feed. He and his partner, Mr. Albert 
 Bailey, are owners of a feed mill of one run of 
 stone at 401 Sixth Avenue south, and a two-run 
 mill at corner Second street and Fourteenth Ave- 
 nue north. Mr. Rideout w^as married to Miss 
 Mary E. Bailey, November, Stli, 1879. Residence 
 407 Fourth street south. 
 
 Theodore Miles Riley, rector of Holy Trinity 
 Episcopal Church, was born at Carlisle, Pennsyl- 
 vania, June 9th, 1842. He was a member of 
 the class of 1861 at Dickinson College, Pennsyl- 
 vania, and of 1863 of the Theological Seminary 
 of New York. Was ordained deacon in June, 
 1863, by Bishop Potter of New York, and passed 
 his deaconate at Newburgh, New York, as as- 
 
 sistant to the Venerable Dr. John Brown, rector 
 of St. George's, Newburgh. Ordained to the 
 priesthood by Bishop Potter, Jime 10th, 1866. 
 First parish was All Saints Memorial, at High- 
 lands, Navasink, New Jersey, from January, 
 1866 to 1868. After spending the winter in 
 Oxford, England, returned and accepted the rec- 
 torship of St. Paul's, Winona, Minnesota, re- 
 maining there until October, 1872. He then be- 
 ing elected rector of St. Cumming's parish, Phil- 
 adelphia, entered upon its duties the first Sunday 
 in Advent of the same year, there remaining un- 
 til the imperative order came to leave the labori- 
 ous charge to return to Minnesota as rector of 
 Holy Trinity, of Minneapolis, January 15th, 
 1876. lie also performed the duties of rector at 
 Fort Snelling for several years. He is a member 
 of the ecclesiastical court of this diocese, one of 
 the bishop's examining chaplains, and was twice 
 a supplementary deputy to the general convention, 
 taking a seat as deputy in the latter part of the 
 general convention of 1880. 
 
 Rev. John Ring was born in Sweden in 1859. 
 Was in the army tlurteen years ; entered as a 
 private and was promoted to an ofiflcer. He was 
 converted while there and held prayer meetings 
 in camp, converting many ; was honorably dis- 
 charged for holding divine service in camp ; 
 then went into missionary work and was con- 
 fined in prison thirty-one days for preaching 
 between the hours of ten and twelve on Sunday, 
 it being a law that none but regularly ordained 
 Lutheran ministers should preach during that 
 time. He converted the jailor wliile confined. 
 Came to America in 1866, and organized a church 
 in Chicago; preached three years, commencing 
 with thirty and leaving with 150 members. 
 AVent to Wisconsin in 1869 and organized a 
 church at Trade Lake, and one at Grantsburg ; 
 preached there three years. Came to Minneapo- 
 lis in 1872 and organized the present church. 
 Went to Omaha in 1874, preached three years 
 there and in Council Bluffs. Then to Kirwan, 
 Iowa, in 1877, to the Swede Baptist church for 
 three years, then returned to Minneapolis in July, 
 1880. Was married in 1850, to Miss Erickson, 
 who died in 1856, leaving three children: Martha, 
 Christian and Jolni. Married again in 1875, to 
 Martie C. AVicklund. 
 
 Andrew Rinker, city engineer, was born in
 
 620 
 
 HTSTOIiT OF HEh'NEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, April 15th. 1849. 
 After completing his education as civil engineer, 
 he obtained the office of surveyor of the ninth dis- 
 trict of Philadelphia in 1866, which position he 
 filled four years. He was then engaged as 
 draughtsman in the registry bureau one year, 
 when he came to Minneapolis and accepted the 
 office of assistant city engineer, and served until 
 1875. He then formed a partnership with George 
 W. Cooley, civil engmeer and surveyor, of this 
 city. In 18V6 he engaged in business for himself, 
 and in 1877 was appointed city engineer, w hich he 
 still holds. He was married in 1876, to Miss 
 Susie E. Johnson. They have one daughter, 
 Florence. Residence, 18 Tenth street south. 
 
 Lewis Eober was born at Baldwinsville, Onon- 
 daga county, New York. November 11th, 1855. 
 He became a resident of Minneapolis in ISSO. and 
 engaged in the Xorth-westeni mill as machinist. 
 He resides at corner of Eighth Avenue and 
 Fourth street south. 
 
 William P. Roberts was born in Montgomery 
 county, Pennsylvania, but when quite young ac- 
 companied his parents to Hartford county. Mary- 
 land, where his father died in 1858. They re- 
 turned to the old homestead in Pennsylvania 
 where he passed his time until 1863, when he en- 
 listed in the Forty-seventh Pennsylvania Volun- 
 teer Militia, but was soon commissioned as second 
 lieutenant in the Forty-fifth United States Col- 
 ored Infantry, then was promoted to first lieu- 
 tenant in August, 1865, and was discharged De- 
 cember loth of that year. In January, 1866, he 
 entered the State Normal School at Millersville. 
 Pennsylvania, from which he graduated in 1867, 
 and immediately enter^^d the law school at Ann 
 Arbor. Michigan, graduating in March. 1869. He 
 was admitted to the bar l>y the circuit court of 
 AVashtenaw county, Michigan, the same year. 
 He soon came west and began his practice in Ne- 
 braska Citj'. Nebraska. In 1874 he came to Min- 
 neapolis and the following spring opened an office 
 where he has passed the gi-eater portion of the 
 time since in the dilligent practice of his profes- 
 sion. He is now a member of the law firm of 
 Benton. Benton and Roberts. His marriage with 
 Miss Anna 2*1. Pugh occurred at Oxford, Penn- 
 sylvania, in 1869. He was made a w^idower in 
 1870. Six years after, he married Miss Agnes D. 
 Taggait. They have two children. 
 
 James Robertson, head miller of the Model 
 mill, is a native of Scotland, born October, 1842. 
 He came, with his parents, to America, when a 
 babe, and located at Racine, Wisconsin. He 
 learned milling at Racine, where he remained 
 until 1871, when he removed to Lanesboro, Min- 
 nesota; he remained three years, then located in 
 this city in 1875. He was employed in the Da- 
 kota mill three years, and has since been in 
 charge of the Model mill. 
 
 L. R. Robertson was born near Ithaca, New- 
 York. September 3d, 1847. He acquired a knowl- 
 edge of telegraphy when fifteen years of age, and 
 operated at Ottawa. Canada, nine months. He 
 was then transferred to Rouse's Point. New 
 York: he was at that place when the news of the 
 assassination of President Lincoln was sent over 
 the wires. In 1865 he came west, his parents 
 having preceded him, to ^Visconsin, and was soon 
 after sent to Minneapolis by the president of the 
 North-western Telegraph Company. On coming 
 here he took charge of the office in 1866, and is 
 now manager of the same. He was married in 
 1870, to E. Louisa Waters, of this city. They 
 have two children. Phillip W. and Raymond. 
 
 D. L. Robinson was born at Falmouth, Mas- 
 sacluisetts, in 1845. He located in Minneapolis 
 in the fall of 1875, and was one year with S; B. 
 Mattison in the omnibus business, also one year 
 with W. L. Nichols. The firm of Robinson and 
 ^Mead was then formed. Their livery stable is 
 of stone 47x174 feet; with room for ninety horses, 
 located at 220 Third street south. Mr. Robinson 
 was married in 1871 to Ellen E. Kimball, of Wi- 
 nona. Ethel W. and Ella O.. twins, and Louis 
 K., are their children. 
 
 A. C. Robinson was bom in St. Lawrence coun- 
 ty. New York in 1841. He learned the carpenters" 
 trade at the age of fifteen, and has been engaged 
 in the pursuit of his trade continuously, except 
 three yeare passed in the army. He enlisted in the 
 fall of 1861. in the Sixtieth New York Volun- 
 teers. He received a wound at Lookout Mount- 
 ain from which he suffered for five yeare. He was 
 discharged from the hospital in 1864. and at once 
 returned to St. Lawrence county, remaining un- 
 til 1866, when he removed to Marseilles, Illinois, 
 engaged in contracting and building. After the 
 Chicago fire he passed the winter there taking 
 contracts. In the spring of 1872 he located at
 
 BIOGBAPHICAL. 
 
 621 
 
 Worthington, Minnesota, making it his home 
 eight years, wlien he came to Minneapohs and at 
 once made himself known as a contractor and 
 builder, which business he still follows. 
 
 Charles Robinson, register of deeds of Henne- 
 pin county, was born at Allegheny City, Penn- 
 sylvania, September llth, 1839 ; he moved to New 
 Castle and there remained until 1857, wlien he 
 came to Minneapolis and worked in a harness 
 shop one year, then learned photography and be- 
 gan business, continuing until the spring of 1862. 
 He then went with the army of the Potomac as 
 mail agent, suttler's clerk, etc., until the seven 
 days' retreat, when he returned home, but soon 
 after entered the western army, with the inten- 
 tion of taking pictures, but was taken prisoner at 
 Fort Pillow; his apparatus was burned and he 
 was robbed of his money and all his clothing ex- 
 cept what he had on. He borrowed money 
 enough to return home. On arriving he be- 
 gan working on a farm, continuing until the 
 spring of 1868, when he entered the register of 
 deeds office as clerk. He was deputy register si.x 
 years and was elected register in 1877, and re- 
 elected in 1879. He was married at Minneapolis 
 in 1871, to Mrs. Annie Merritt. Two children 
 have been born to them: Charles and Flor- 
 ence P. 
 
 S. C. Robinson was born in Cumberland coun- 
 ty. New Jersey, March 1st, 1831. At the age of 
 fifteen he went from home to work on a farm and 
 two years later apprenticed as carpenter, and 
 served until twenty-one years of age. He then 
 moved to Millville, New Jersey, and engaged in 
 his trade. In 1858 he removed to Minneapolis. 
 For six years he was foreman for Eastman, Gib- 
 son and Company, in the eoo|)ering department, 
 then engaged in contracting and building. In 1876 
 he entered the firm of Bardwell, Robinson and 
 Company. He was married in 1852, to Miss 
 Mary Dare. Their children are Charles N., and 
 Mary W. 
 
 Charles N. Robinson was born at Millville, New 
 Jersey, January llth, 1853. He came with his 
 parents to Minneapolis, when five years of age ; 
 attended the city schools and for two years was a 
 student at the University. Since leaving school 
 he has been in business with his father, S. C. 
 Robinson, in contracting and building, with the 
 exception of one year, during which he was em- 
 
 ployed in scaling logs for Day and Son. He is 
 now a partner of the firm of Bardwell, Robinson 
 and Company, in the manufacture of sash, doors, 
 blinds, etc., at the foot of Thirteenth Avenue 
 south. H^was united in marriage to Miss Kate 
 Eveland in 1875. They have one son, Frank. 
 A son, George D., died in infancy. 
 
 JI. Roeller was born in Ohio in 1845. He ac- 
 companied his parents-to St. Paul in 1852. where 
 he received his education, remaining until 1864. 
 After spending some time in traveling, he located 
 at Chicago; thence removing to New Haven, Con- 
 necticut, where he remained six years. He then 
 came to Minneapolis, where he has since resided. 
 He is extensively engaged in the manufacture of 
 carriages. His marriage with Miss Paulina Dol- 
 sen of St. Paul occurred June 10th, 1873. Resi- 
 dence, 1212 Seventh street south. 
 
 B. C. Rogers was born in Vermont in 1836. 
 He came to Miiuieapolis in 1878, and since Feb- 
 ruary, 1880, he has been proprietor of the New 
 York restaurant at 114 Hennepin Avenue. It 
 has a seating capacity for seventy-five. Mr. Rog- 
 ers married Elvira Walker in 1874, who bore him 
 one chUd, Leroy C. 
 
 G. D. Rogers was born in Pennsylvania Septem- 
 ber 30th, 1830. At eight years of age he moved to 
 Oswego, New York, remaining until 1847, when 
 he returned to Pennsylvania. In 1854 he re- 
 moved to La Fayette county, Wisconsin, and en- 
 gaged in farming and milling until 18G2. He en- 
 listed in the Thirty-first Wisconsin Infantry, 
 commissioned as captain. After serving nine 
 months as such he was promoted to the rank of 
 major; one month later he was commissioned 
 lieutenant colonel and next colonel. In the fall 
 of 1865 he was discharged, after which he went 
 to Iowa, speculating in grain. In 1874 he came 
 to Minneapolis, where he has since been engaged 
 in the wholesale grain and commission business. 
 He married Sarah M. (Jillett in 1853. Their 
 children are Plum A. and Emma. 
 
 N. Rogers was born at Adrian, iSIichigan, in 
 1836. At the age of seventeen, he went with 
 his parents to Decorah, Iowa, where they had a 
 saw and gcist-mill. He remained there six years, 
 when the whole family removed to Leavenworth, 
 Kansas, in 1861. His father built a steam saw 
 and grist-mill at that place which he, N. Rogers, 
 run two years. He spent a number of years in
 
 S22 
 
 HISTOBY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 Iowa and AVisconsin, coming to Jilinneapolis in 
 1874, and lias been in the Cataract and 
 Standard mills since. He married Miss Lydia 
 Griswold in 1859. Their children are Albert Har- 
 lan, William F., Edward F. and Clarefice E. 
 
 Richard Rogers was born at Ripley, Maine, 
 June 8th. 183-5. lie worked with his father at 
 mill-wrighting and milling. In 18.53, he went 
 with Gov. Stearns on the Oregon expedition as 
 far as Cheyenne river; he ret>n-ned alone, and on 
 foot as far as Sauk Rapids. In 1859, be went 
 from St. Joseph, Missonri. to Honey Lake Valley, 
 California. Returned to Illinois, and in 1861, en- 
 listed in the Forty-seventh Illinois Brigade; was 
 three years with that brigade. Eighth Wisconsin, 
 Eleventh Jlissouri and Fifth ^linnesota, known 
 as the Eagle Brigade, commanded by J. Mowere. 
 He contracted a disease of the eyes which at first 
 was not thought serious, but finally resulted in 
 total blindness, in June, 1871. He has received 
 full pension since his discharge. His wife was 
 Miss JS'ora Jones, of Peoria, Illinois, whom he 
 married in 1865. She died at Peoria in 1871. 
 He lives at 128 Flournoy street, Chicago. 
 
 Richard C. Rogers was born at Hopkins, Xew 
 Hampshire, April 20th, 1802. In early childhood 
 he accompanied his parents to Ripley, Maine, 
 where he lived until 1848, when he came to Fort 
 Snelling. Fifteen hundred Indians arrived the 
 same day, en route for Crow Wing and adjacent 
 points, sent from former localities in Wisconsin. 
 In 1851 his family joined him here, locating where 
 he now lives at 207 Second street south. East 
 Minneapolis. The west side was then included 
 m the military reservation. Mr. Rogers worked 
 first on a mill near tlie mouth of Bassetfs creek. 
 He made two trips to California, and with that ex- 
 ception has lived here since his first amval. He 
 has retired from active life, and now enjoys the 
 fiiiits of his labors. He married Miss JIary Wat- 
 son, who bore him five children. She died in 
 1860 during Mr. Rogers' absence in California. 
 Six years later, he married ^lariam Cobb. 
 
 Captain John Rollins, one of the earliest pio- 
 neers of this region, was born in Kew Sharon, 
 Franklin county. Maine. March 23d, 1806 ; lived 
 at or near his birtliplace until 1837, when he re- 
 moved to Penobscot county, and for two years 
 kept a trading post and stopping place for travel- 
 ers, on the miUtary road between Bangor and 
 
 Houlton. He then removed to Old Town, where 
 for three years he engaged Ln lumbering ; then 
 settled in Aroostook county, where for nine years 
 he operated as contractor and route agent, and 
 had charge of the state appropriations for both 
 Maine and Massachusetts. He also kept a hotel, 
 and opened up a farm durhig his stay there. In 
 the fall of 1848 he came west by the route then 
 known as '• round the lakes," landing at Mil- 
 waukee, \Visconsin, thence by team to Prairie du 
 Chien, from which point he and his partner, A. 
 Godfrey, came to this region, having hired a 
 Frenchman, with three ponies, to bring them 
 through. This journey is fraught with amusing 
 and interesting incidents, some of which will be 
 given a place in this work. Wlien Capt. Rollins 
 arrived at the site of our now prosperous city, 
 there were only two frame houses, one •' block "' 
 or " timber " house, and one shanty. These were 
 on what is now Second sti'eet, near the foundry. 
 One of the frame houses was occupied by R. P. 
 Russell, then newly married, and with whom ^Ir. 
 Rollins stopped during his stay here. It was the 
 otli of December, 1848, when Mr. Rollins arrived 
 here. He found the water so low that fording 
 was safe in many places, while above the falls the 
 river was frozen sufficiently to admit of crossing 
 on the ice, something that has not occurred since. 
 On the 25th of December. Mr. Rollms set out 
 for home, making the journey in safety, and the 
 following spring he removed here with his family, 
 and at once mingled in the busy scenes incident 
 to frontier life. He built a house on Main street, 
 near the present location of the great lumber 
 mills. Soon after he formed a partnerehip with 
 Governor Ramsey and others, and built a small 
 steamboat — named the Governor Ramsey— above 
 the falls, the machinery for which was shipped 
 from Bangor. ^lahie, and reshipped at Boston, 
 New Orleans, St. Louis and Dubuque, to St. 
 Paul, from whence it was brought by ox teams to 
 its destination. (This machinery is now doing 
 good service on the Red River). After two years 
 of river navigation. Captain Rollins sold his 
 interest in the "Governor Ramsey"' and with other 
 parties built and operated the Island (louring 
 mills. Their wheat was shipped here from Wis- 
 consin and Iowa, little or none being raised here 
 at that time. After three or four years of mill- 
 ing, the captain uivested in the "Clark" lumber
 
 BIOGBAPHICAL. 
 
 623 
 
 mill, in which he was interested for about ten 
 years. Since then his interests have been varied, 
 but principally given to lumbering and farming. 
 He has now a fine residence, corner of Seventh 
 street and Eightli Avenue .soutli-east, in front of 
 which may be seen a row of beautiful cotton woods 
 planted by him twenty-four years ago, and now 
 from two and a half to three feet in diameter. 
 Captain Rollins was married to JSIis^ Betsy Mar- 
 tin, June 9th, 18S2, at Newport, Maine. Nine 
 children have been born to them, seven of whom 
 are living, and all within four ))locks of the 
 homestead. 
 
 Mortimer B. Rollins was born at Old Town, 
 Maine, .January 26tli, 1837. lie came to St. An- 
 thony in 1849 with his father, who was among 
 the earliest settlers in tlie county. In 1860, he 
 engaged in lumbering, in wliieh he continued ten 
 years. He then began in the milling business at 
 the Zenith mill, tlie tirm name being L. Day and 
 ■ Company, which firm the fire of 1878, was the 
 means of dissolving. lie was married in 18oS to 
 Miss Abby M. Day, who bore him two children, 
 Fred, and John L. Mrs. Rollins died in 1871. 
 His second wife was Maria Ferkins and to them_ 
 have been born two children, twins, a boy and 
 girl; Harry and Maud. 
 
 W. T. Rolph, of the firm of Salisbury, Rolph 
 and Company, mattress manufacturers, was born 
 in Lewis county, New York, October 20th, 1857. 
 He moved with bis parents to New York city, 
 where he received his education. He came to 
 Minneapolis, October Ist, 1880, and entered into 
 partnersliip with T. G. Salisbury and Company 
 in the manufacture of mattresses. Located on 
 110 Main street, south-east. 
 
 J. W. Rootes is a native of P^ngland, born at 
 Kent, September 15th, 1841. He learned the 
 miller's trade in his native coimtry, and emigrated 
 to America in 18(50, and located at Troy, New 
 York. In 18G1, he enlisted in the Second New 
 Y'ork Volunteers, served two years and was hon- 
 orably discharged. This regiment was the first 
 that camped outside Fort Monroe. Was taken 
 prisoner at Fair Oaks and held five days. He was 
 employed in mills in Ohio and New Y''ork, and in 
 1869 came to Minneapolis. In 1877, he formed a 
 partnership with Russell and Ilineline and built 
 the Model mill, and has since been conducting it. 
 
 He was married to Rebecca Ann Van Epps, 
 March 9th, 1864. 
 
 Nic. A. Rosbach was born in Carver county, 
 Minnesota, July 10th, 1856. In 1858 he came 
 to Minneapolis; he learned the business of a 
 butcher wlien quite a young man, and has been 
 in the business a greater part of liis time. In 
 May, 1880, he opened an establishment at 201^ 
 Twentieth Avenue south, where he keeps wines, 
 liquors, cigars, and confectionery. He married 
 Mary Brinkman, May 9th, 1877. Their children 
 are: Cordelia and Christina P. 
 
 A. S. F. Rose is a native of Upper Canada, born 
 in 1834. He learned the trade of mill-wriglit at 
 Buffalo, New York, 1846, and followed that 
 business until August. 1878, when he came to 
 Minneapolis and began work in the Humboldt 
 mill, and until tlie fall of next year was employed 
 in different mills tliroughout the north-west, 
 and has since been in the Crown Roller mill. His 
 marriage with Miss Elizabetli Choles occurred at 
 Buffalo, New York, in 1879. . 
 
 General T. L. Rosser was born in Campbell 
 county, Virginia, October 15th, 1836. At the 
 age of thirteen he went to Texas with his parents 
 settling in Panola county, where his father 
 owned a plantation. In 1856 he was appointed 
 a cadet to West Point Military Academy, from 
 which he graduated in 1861, and returned to the 
 south. He was commissioned first lieutenant in 
 the artillery service of the confederate regular 
 army, but was elected captain of tlie Washington 
 artillery, from New Orleans, and accepted that 
 position instead. He participated in all of the 
 battles fought by the army of Northern Virginia 
 until the battle of Appomattox, having risen in 
 the mean time to the rank of major-general. He 
 was wounded several times, once quite seriously. 
 At the close of the war he entered the Washing- 
 ton Law University, at Lexington, Virginia, 
 graduating in law, in 1866. He then took charge 
 of the southern division of the National Express 
 Company with headquarters at New Orleans. 
 The fall of tliat year he went to Baltimore and 
 made a hydrographical survey of the harbor 
 there. On coming west he engaged with the 
 Northern Pacific Railway, as chief engineer of 
 construction. In 1879, he resigned, and engaged 
 in business as railroad contractor. His wife was 
 Elizabeth W. Winston, of Virginia, married in
 
 624 
 
 HISTORY OF SEKKHPIN COUNJY. 
 
 1863. Their cliildren are: Sarali O., Thomas L., 
 William AV., Elizabeth F., and Margaret. 
 
 II. A. Roth was bom in New York citj-, in 
 1854. lie came to iliiinesota about 1860, locat- 
 ing with liis parents on a farm in Le Sueur 
 county. He came to Minneapolis in 1870, having 
 been engaged in farming and canientering until 
 that time. In 1879 he opened an establishment, 
 dealing in new and second hand furniture, stoves, 
 crockery, guns, etc., located at 23 Washington 
 Avenue south. lie \\as united in maniage to 
 Miss Maggie Delbon, in 1877. 
 
 Barney Roth was born at Washington, District 
 of Columbia, May 21st, 1853. AVhen a child he 
 accompanied his parents to Richmond, "S'irginia. 
 In 1870 he removed to I'ittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 
 and became tamiliar with the bakery business, in 
 which he has since engaged. He became a resi- 
 dent of Minneapolis in 1876, filling responsible 
 positions in different establishments for three 
 years, and has since kept one of his own, at 928 
 First street north. 
 
 Charles L. Rothaker is a native of Switzerland, 
 born in 1828. He came to the United States in 
 1848, going first to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 
 thence to Cincinnati. He engaged in the bakery 
 and saloon business in Missouri, Wisconsin, and 
 Minnesota until 1868. He then came to Minnea- 
 polis, and opened a bakery at 709 Nineteenth 
 Avenue south. He was married to Susanna C. 
 Eschler, in 1857. Their children are : Eliza M., 
 Mary L., Charles £., Emil O., Fred J., and 
 Ida J 
 
 C. H. Rowe, of the tiim of Grove and Rowe, 
 wood merchants, was born at Xew Sharon, 
 Franklin county, Maine, in 1845. He went to 
 Farmington, Maine, in 1867, and attended the 
 Xormal school two years. He removed to Illinois 
 in the spring of 1869, and m the fall came to 
 Minneapolis. After teaching school one term at 
 E.xcelsior he began in the grocery business, with 
 W. B. Jones. He engaged hi different Lines of 
 business until 1874. when he bought a home in 
 this city, and with his partner has pursued his 
 calluig as wood merchant. He married Ellen C. 
 Jones in 1870, who died in 1871, leaving one 
 daughter, Mary E. His second wife was Anitte 
 A. Hankinson, who bore him three children: 
 Francis A., Charles R., and Agnes II. 
 
 August H. Ruuge, a citizen of Minneapolis, 
 
 was born in New York city, February 12th, 18.52. 
 At the age of twelve years he entered the United 
 States navy as naval apprentice, on board the 
 school ship ''Sabine."' In June. 1865, was trans- 
 ferred on board the flagship "Colorado" of the Eu- 
 ropean squadron ; two j'ears later he was again 
 transferred to the Pacific squadron and remained 
 until his discharge as an able seaman. He then 
 went to the Pennsylvania oU regions to study 
 practical and mechanical engineering. In ] 873 he 
 returned to Xew York and entered a machine 
 shop, where he remained until called to Minne- 
 apolis to superintend the steam heating depart- 
 ment and engine of the City hall. He volunteered 
 in the fire department in 1874, and was promoted 
 to assistant foreman, and in 1879 was appointed 
 by the city, foreman of Hook and Ladder Com- 
 pany Xo. 1. in the paid department. He was 
 married in 1876, to Miss Louisa Ende. One 
 daughter was bom to them, ilabel S. 
 
 Roswell P. Russell, one of the oldest settlers 
 in this county, was born at Richland, Vermont, 
 :March 15th, 1820. At the age of thirteen he 
 went to Burlington, where he remained three 
 years; then went to Michigan, and passed two 
 years at Detroit and Kalamazoo. He was a 
 school-mate of H. JI. Rice, and both came to 
 ^klichigan at the same time. Rice went to St. 
 Louis, Missouri, where he engaged with Mc- 
 Kenzie to go to Fort Snelling and take charge of 
 the stock of goods taken there by Baker. Need- 
 ing an assistant. Rice sent for Russell to accom- 
 pany him. The journey to Prairie du Chien was 
 not difficult; from there to La Crosse they came 
 in a Mackinaw boat, but at the latter place the 
 boat was frozen in and they were oliliged to pur- 
 sue their journey on foot, but being unused to 
 walking, their distress was great. The second 
 night out. they took possession of an old Indian 
 farmer's place, he being absent, and in the morn- 
 ing piu-chased three pounds of pork of the mission- 
 ar)% for which they paid the modest simi of two dol- 
 lars. They arrived at Fort Snelling about the 5th 
 of November, 1839. and he remained there until 
 1847, when he and Findley made a claim on the 
 east side, extendins?' from Boom Island to the 
 present stone arch bridge, and back indefinitely; 
 two years after, they sold this claim to Pierre Bot- 
 tineau. In 1847, Mr. R. P. Russell opened the 
 first store in St. Anthony, in a two-story building
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL. 
 
 625 
 
 of hewn logs, ererted by Franklin Steele. The 
 dam was commenced abont this time, and the 
 workmen, together with a few French families, 
 were Mr. Russell's cnstomers. One and one-half 
 years later he went to St. Paul, but soon returned 
 and continued his merchandise business until 
 1854, when he was appointed receiver in the land 
 otBce, which position he filled three years, a part 
 of the time requiring four or five clerks, tlie busi- 
 ness was so great. In the fall of 1858 he bought 
 the hardware stock of Spear and Davison, which 
 he sold two years lat«' and turned his attention 
 to farming until 1862, when he, in company with 
 George Huy, erected a planing mill; in 1878 they 
 added to the building and converted it into the 
 flour mill. He was also one of the firm who, in 
 1870, built the Dakota mill. Mr. Kussell has 
 been active in both public and private life; has 
 served one term in the legislature, and often in 
 town offices; he was the first chairman of the 
 town board, and holds that position at the pres- 
 ent writing. October 3d, 1848, his marriage oc- 
 curred, with Marion Patch. The children born 
 to them are: Lucy, now Mrs. W. C. Colbratli; 
 Charles, in trade at Fargo, Dakota; Eoswell, Jr., 
 book-keeper for B. F. Nelson, (his wife was Car- 
 oline Beach); Mary, who is at home; Carrie, now 
 Mrs. Frank Lovejoy; Fred and Frank, twins; 
 George B. McClellan, Willie and Eddie. 
 
 Albert W. Russell was born in Vermont in 
 1839, where he lived until seventeen years of age. 
 In 1856 he took a prospecting tour through Wis- 
 consin, Illinois and Michigan. In 1850 he learned 
 carpentering and joining. He enlisted in 1861 in 
 the Second Vermont Infantry. He was in many 
 of the prominent conflicts, having his gun shat- 
 tered into fragments, when in his hands, without 
 being wounded. In 1864 he was discharged, but 
 after a quiet life of two months, he re-enlisted in 
 Company E, Seventh Vermont, and served until 
 1865. He then returned to Vermont where he 
 speculated in real estate and lumber; thence to 
 Wisconsin, where lie traveled for a wholesale 
 house. He located in Minneapolis in 1877, and 
 has since been dealing in sewing machines. He 
 was married in 18G6 to Sarah Scribner, by whom 
 he had two children. His wife died in 1876. His 
 second wife was Amelia Lockwood, of this city. 
 
 George H. Rust was born July 26th, 1839, at 
 
 Wolfsboro, New Hampshire. He attended the 
 40 
 
 Academy at his native place, also at Thetford, 
 Vermont, and graduated as civil engineer from 
 the Kentucky Military Institute near Frankfort in 
 1856. He at once engaged in the pursuit of his 
 profession, on what is now the La Crosse division 
 of the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Railway. 
 He came to Minneapolis in 1857, and has since 
 made this place his home. In 1863, he entered 
 the commissary department of the military di- 
 vision of the north-west, where he remained un- 
 til 1865. On returning to this city, he became a 
 partner of S. C. Gale, and soon after engaged 
 alone in real estate and insurance business. He 
 married Josephine Varney, of Boston, in 1865. 
 They have one child, Gertrude. 
 
 John W. Ryan was born at Syracuse, New 
 York, May 31st, 1853. He came to Wisconsin 
 when one year old with his paienfs. After com- 
 ing to Minnesota, he farmed cue year, then was 
 emjioyed on the railroad and ran a train three 
 years, then surveyed for the Chicago and North- 
 western railroad five years. He began milling 
 in March, 1873 for the Pillsbury company, and 
 has remained with them since. He married Miss 
 Mary Rouike, July 24th, 1876. Their children 
 are, Anne and Joseph W. 
 
 Samuel W. Ryan, of the firm of Ryan, Wales 
 and Company, was born at Sharon, Hillsborough 
 county. New Hampshire, November 24th, 1836. 
 In 1854, he moved to California, where he re- 
 mained until 1856, when he came to Minnesota 
 and took a claim near Litchfield. Three years 
 later, he removed to Miami county, Indiana, en- 
 gaged in farming eight years. He then located on 
 a farm at Brooklyn, Hennepin county, Minnesota 
 which he still owns. In 1880, he became a part- 
 ner in the firm of Ryan and Wales, in which he 
 still continues. He was married in 1859 to Hat- 
 tie J. Joslyn, of New Hampshire. They have 
 five children, ilary B,, Marcellus M., Hannah J., 
 Martha ('. and (Uistie. 
 
 John Ryberg is a native of Sweden, born April 
 18th, 1851. He came to America in 1872, and 
 two years later located at Minneapolis. He 
 worked at lumbering four years, then became a 
 member of the firm of Ryberg and Company, the 
 firm consisting of John Ryberg, A. P. Alolin and 
 C. Johnson. They have the Stockholm meat 
 market at 1410 Washington Avenue south, estab- 
 lished in 1876. Mr. Ryberg was married in 1874
 
 626 
 
 HlHTORY OF IIEXKEPIN COUNT V. 
 
 to Augusta Oleeon, of Sweden, who has borne 
 liim tliiee children, AVolfied A., Charles O. and 
 Xfllie. 
 
 A. 11. Salisbury, M. D., was born at Canan- 
 daipiia, Ontario county. New York, July 2:id. 
 1840. (iraduated from tlie State University at 
 Madison. U'ii-ccnsin. in l^(i4. then studied medi- 
 cine, and siaduated atthelJellevue Hospital Med- 
 ical College of Xew York. Practiced at Mazo 
 Wanie. Wisconsin, for a time; then came to Min- 
 neapolis in March. 1874. and has since followed 
 his profession here. lie was associated with Dr. 
 A. A. Ames about live years. Dr. Salisbury's 
 office is niiw at 2o7 Nicollet Avenue. Ue was 
 married in 1869. and has two children. 
 
 T. G. Sali;b.iry, a native of New York, was 
 born February 10th, 1831. Moved to Iowa 
 in 1857, and in August, 1861, enlisted in the 
 Thirly-tii-st Iowa Volunteers: he was lieutenant, 
 and was the first Union officer who entered Co- 
 lumbia. South Carolina. lie was eventually pro- 
 mot( d to cajitain. Mr. Salisbury came to Minne- 
 apolis from Cedar Falls, Iowa, in 1878, and is now 
 one of the firm of Salisbury andRolph. lie had 
 bein in the mattress Ijusiness there, tliree years. 
 His marriage with Mariam Richardson took place 
 in June 1854. They have one child, Fred R. 
 
 Henry R. Sallada was born in I'hiladelpliia, 
 Penns) Ivania; after leaving his native place he 
 lived one year in Oil City, then removed to Chica- 
 go, where he was in the insurance busines five 
 years. In 1879 Air. Sallada came to this city, and 
 is engaged in trade at 727 Washington Avenue 
 south; he deals in meat, butter, eggs, game, etc. 
 In 1880 he mairied Mary Devlin of Washington, 
 D. C. 
 
 Louis Salzeder was born Febniary 2oth, 1846, 
 in Bavaria, and pursued classical studies at Mu- 
 nich, in the college of the Benedictine Fathers, 
 coming to America in December, 1868. He at 
 once went to St. Vincent's Monastery, Pennsylva- 
 nia, and entered the Order of St. Benedict, Jan- 
 uary 1st, 1869. After finishing his course there, 
 he came, on the 10th of January, 1870, to St. Louis 
 Abbey, now St. John's, at St. Cloud. Stearns 
 county, where he finished his theological studies. 
 He then, on March 25th, 1873, was estiiblished as 
 assistant pastor in Assumption Church, St. Paul, 
 and remained there until November, 1878, when 
 he came to Miimeapolis. 
 
 Rev. Robert F. Sample, D. D., pastor of West- 
 minster Church, Jilinneapolis, was born in Corn- 
 ing. New York, October 19th, 1829. His mother 
 died when he was quite young. He spent part of 
 his boyhood at Geneva, in connection with the 
 Lyceum, under the care of the Rev. Mr. French. 
 After completing his academic course, he entered 
 Jefferson College, Pennsylvania, Dr. Robert J. 
 Breckenridge being president. Was converted 
 during the junior year in college. Graduated in 
 1849. Entered the Western Theological Semi- 
 nary in 1850. During the senior year, was called 
 to the First Presbyterian Church of Mercer, 
 Pennsylvania. After three years of labor, he re- 
 signed the charge, and accepted a call to Bedford 
 in April, 1856. in the hope that the mineral water 
 of that place would improve his declining health. 
 He remained there for ten years. Still intluenced 
 by considerations of health, he moved to Minne- 
 apolis, to the supply of the Andrew Church, 
 until March, 1868, when he was called to the 
 Westminster church. The church grew under 
 his care necessitating an addition to the edi- 
 fice, which was made in the summer of 1870. 
 The same year he made a trip to Europe, his peo- 
 ple kindly furnishing the money, sailed from New 
 York in June, visiting the holy land and the his- 
 toric places mentioned in the Bible, returning to 
 his church and people in December, 1872. Had 
 a severe attack of congestion of the lungs the fol- 
 lowing June, and in feeble health made a visit to 
 Colorado, spending most of the summer and re- 
 turning in September. His health not being 
 fully established, returned to Colorado in Janu- 
 ary, 1874, remaining there until the following 
 May, when he returned to his charge and has per- 
 formed full ministerial duty ever since. A few 
 Sabbaths after his return from Colorado a great 
 revival commenced, continuing for nearly a year; 
 about sixty additions were made .to the church on 
 profession of faith. Was called twice to the Seven- 
 teenth street church and afterwards to the Cen- 
 tral Church, Colorado, also to the church of 
 Allegheny City. Among his many literary pro- 
 ducts are his Memoirs of J. C. Thome, pastor of 
 Pine street Presbyterian Church, St. Louis. Four 
 volumes for Young Christians, published by the 
 Presbyterian board, namely: •'Enquiring the 
 Way," '-The Afflicted," "Young Christians" and 
 "Religious Despondency." On the twenty-fifth
 
 niOGIiAPHJVAL. 
 
 627 
 
 anniversary of his marriage, his parisli presented 
 him with an elegant gold watch and chain, the 
 watch elaborately engraved. At the marriage of 
 his daughter to the Rev. J. B. Donaldson, pastor 
 of the Presbyterian Church of Hastings, she was 
 presented by his people with a large quantity of 
 silver ware, many articles of furniture and a 
 beautiful gold watch and chain. On the IStliof 
 November, 1878, she was married in her father's 
 church, her father performing the ceremony. Dr. 
 Sample married Miss lilanda M. ISacken, daugh- 
 ter of Henry Baeken of Camionsburgh, Pennsyl- 
 vania. They have five children; Mary E., Anna 
 J.. Robert W., John W., and Walter B. 
 
 W. W. Satterlee, pastor of the Seventh street 
 M. E. Church, was born at Laporte, Indiana, in 
 1837. Moved to Stevenson county, Illinois, then 
 to Richland county, Wisconsin: converted at thir- 
 teen; licensed to preach at nineteen; ordained at 
 twenty-three, preaching in Richland county, Wis- 
 consin. He came to Le Sueur county. Minnesota, 
 in 1863, and commenced the practice of medicine, 
 doing work at the same time as local preacher. 
 United with the M. E. church in Waseca in 
 1867, prea'-hed there for three years, and in St. 
 Cloud two years. Then to the First M. E. 
 Church in Minneapolis two years, in the mean- 
 time completing the present Seventh street 
 church. In 1873 appointed agent of the Minne- 
 sota Temperance Union, and continued the work 
 for about seven years. Married December 24th, 
 1856, to Miss Sarah Stout; have six children: 
 Mary P., Clara A., Willie E., Fanny O., Plioebe 
 A., and Han-y B. Is an earnest worker in the 
 temperance cause, a keen debater, speaking with 
 great power and effect. He obtained about 50,- 
 000 signers to the pledge, and for the prosecution 
 of the work obtained notes, subscriptions and 
 collections to the amount of $25,000, and was the 
 temperance candidate for governor in 1880. 
 
 A. Sanborn, a native of Maine, was born at 
 Charleston in 1853. Learned the jeweler's busi- 
 ness at Bangor, and worked there imtil 1877, 
 when he came to Minneapolis and engaged in 
 business as manufacturing jeweler and watch 
 maker; he is located at 219 Nicollet Avenue. His 
 wife was Mary F. Beebe, whom he married iii 
 1878; she has borne him one son, Ralph R. 
 
 N. W. Savage, born May 15th, 1842, at Augusta, 
 Maixie. At the age of eighteen, he went to Lew- 
 
 iston and worked in the cotton mills one year. In 
 1861. he enlisted in the Eiglith Maine and served 
 until 1S64; tlie next year he went to Tennessee 
 and worked for the government in building the 
 railroad from Chattanooga to Atlanta; he then 
 returned to Maine, and afterward spent one 
 winter in Michigan. He was at Sacramento. Cali- 
 fornia, eleven months, and in Nevada one and 
 one-half years; then passed about fourteen 
 montlis in Maine again, farming and in the gro- 
 cery business. In 1872, he came here and en- 
 gaged in the fish trade and the ice business. The 
 winter of 1S75-6, he spent in Tennessee. Now 
 deals in new and second hand goods of all kinds. 
 He married in 1866, Miss E. J. Watson. They 
 have one son, N. W„ and a daughter, E. J. 
 
 John Savory, a native of Italy, was born in 
 1835. Came to the United States in 1855, and to 
 this city in 1868; tlie first year after arrival, he 
 worked in the woods, then for two years kept 
 a hotel on Main street near Fourth Avenue, and 
 four years at the corner of Main street and Cen- 
 tral Avenue. In 1875, he built the Nicollet Ave- 
 nue Hotel, No. 49 Central Avenue; it is 32x32 
 feet, three-stories high and basement. 
 
 Albert Schafers, a native of Prussia, was born 
 September 13th, 1847. Came to the United 
 States in 1863, and was two years in a commis- 
 sion house in New York; he then removed to 
 Iowa for one year, thence to Rochester, Minne- 
 sota, and in 1868, to this city. Was employed by 
 the Cliicago, ISIilwaukee and St. Paul Railway 
 Company until 1874; he built a store at 1-501 
 Sixth street south, w liich was destroyed by fire in 
 1880, but rebuilt the same year; he now has a bil- 
 liard hall, smnmer garden, and very pleasant 
 bowling alley. In October, 1867, he married 
 Dina Kleinsmith. They have one child, John. 
 
 Godfrey Scheitlin was born in Switzerland, 
 February 18th, 1821. From 1841 until 1848, he 
 carried on a very extensive business in the manu- 
 facture of cotton and woolen goods. In the 
 spring of 1848, he started for America; located in 
 Cabell county, West Virginia, wliere, in 1856, he 
 received his naturalization papers. During his 
 stay there, he engaged in mercantile pursuits. 
 Came to Minneapolis in October, 1856 and con- 
 tinued the same business about three years, then 
 invested in the ginseng trade; he met with a loss 
 of $108,000 in 1864, and in 1S6S left that business
 
 6:28 
 
 luaiony of iiEy^EPiA coumy. 
 
 and erected tl.e mill, now occupied by tlie Jlinne- 
 sota Linseed Oil Comiiay. January 1S60, tlie firm 
 of Scheiilin. lidl and Sidle was orgauiz-d, and 
 Mr. Sclieitlin lias since superintended tlie busi- 
 ness, lie was married in New York in 1863 to 
 Sopliia Benn. of Altona, Germany. They are the 
 parents of eight children, only three of whom are 
 living. 
 
 Charles Scherf, a native of Germany, was born 
 in 1836. Came to America in lSo4, and resided 
 one year at Xe^v York city ; then removed to 
 Jlilwaukee, Wisconsin, where he lived nine years, 
 and after a residence of three years in St. Paul, 
 came, in 1867, to this city. lie manufactures 
 kegs, barrels, and casks. Mr. Scherf married, in 
 1857, Emma Ximon. They have four children. 
 
 M. F. Scofield was born December 28lh, 18-19, 
 in the state of New York, and grew to manhood 
 there. Was educated at Rochester Universitj', 
 and taught school several years in his native state. 
 In 1873 he came here, and went into the commis- 
 sion business with Waketield and Company. In 
 1875 the firm was changed to Scofield and Bee- 
 man. Since 1878 he has been in the grocery bus- 
 iness. His wife was Abbie Brown, of Wanen, 
 Ohio. Their marriage took place in 1875. They 
 are the parents of one child. Raymond. 
 
 William Scharf w as bom in Germany, and em- 
 igrated to the United States in 1872. Is a mer- 
 chant tailor, his place of busuiess being No. 118 
 Central Avenue. Mr. Scharf was married in 
 1875, to Emma Reiseike, who has borne him two 
 children. Edward and Willie. 
 
 A. Schelling, a native of Switzerland, was born 
 in 1839. Came to America in 1874, and lived at 
 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, one and one-half 
 years. From there he removed to Iowa, where 
 he was employed as civil engineer for nearly four 
 years. Mr. Schelling came to this city in Feb. 1880 
 and opened his billiard hall at 118 Thirteenth 
 Aveime north, lie also ki eps confectionery and 
 notions. In 1879 lie married Mary Piobst. 
 
 Charles Schmidt was bom in Germany, in 1846. 
 Came to America in 1868. and lived about four 
 years in Connecticut. In 1872 he came here for 
 a short time, then removed to McLeod county. 
 After a residence there of about eighteen months, 
 he again came to this city, and worked at his 
 trade of baker two years. Then he spent the 
 same length of time in McLeod county, after 
 
 which he returned to Minneapolis, and opened a 
 bakery at the comer of Washington and Seventh 
 Avenues south. In October. 1875. he married 
 Maiy Mayer. She has borne him three children, 
 two of whom are living. 
 
 John A. Schlener, a native of Pennsylvania, 
 was born February 24th. 1856. at Philadelphia. 
 Since 1857 he has been a resident of Minneapolis. 
 After leaving school, Mr. Schlener worked for the 
 well-known firm of Bean. Wales and Company, 
 dealers in books and stationery. In 1878 he be- 
 came a partner, and in August of the year follow- 
 ing the firm sold their business to Kirkbride and 
 Whitall; Mr. Schlener is in the employ of the new 
 company. 
 
 Paul Schmedeman was bom June 7th, 1855, at 
 Madison, Wisconsin. Came to ^Minneapolis in 
 March. 1879, and worked a while in the cigar- 
 manufacturing business. He was afterward em- 
 ployed by Daily and Reed, proprietors of the place 
 he now runs, having bought of them in Novem- 
 ber, ISSO; it is a sample room and billiard hall at 
 205 Nicollet Avenue. 
 
 G. Schober. a native of Germany, moved to 
 Minneapolis in 1855, and has been in the milling 
 business since 1861. He is one of the owners of 
 the Phoenix mill, a description of which may be 
 seen elsewhere in this work. Married, in 1866, 
 Mary Goehringer. Their five children are: Carl, 
 John, Mary, William and Edward. 
 
 Rev. J. Schneider, pastor of the First German 
 Methodist Episcopal Church, the subject of this 
 sketch, was born in Pennsylvania, August 11th, 
 1843. Moved to Galena, Illinois, resided there 
 two years, removing to Platteville. Wisconsin, 
 where he received his education; converted at 
 twelve yeai-s. joined the church, and was elected 
 superintendent of the Sunday-school at twenty. 
 Entered the army as soon as his age would per- 
 mit. Enlisted in the Forty-seventh Wisconsin, 
 remaining with his regiment for a short time, 
 then detailed to the general headquarters, remain- 
 ing there until the close of the war. In 18^6, 
 married Miss Metha Schneider, and moved to 
 Charles City. Iowa; joined, by letter, the German 
 Methodist Episcopal Church ; elected Sunday- 
 school superintendent, holding the position for 
 nearly three years. He was a licensed exhorter, 
 then local preacher, starting out as assist^nit to 
 the pastor in charge of the Charles City mission,
 
 BIOGRAPHJCAL. 
 
 629 
 
 which comprised five counties. In the fall of 
 1869 was appointed to Rush Creek and Jewell's 
 Prairie, Illinois, remaining there three years, 
 doubling the membersliip, building a church and 
 paying for it. Was then appointed to Fort Dodge 
 for one year and Alden two years; transferred to 
 St. Paul, Minnesota, where he built a church and 
 parsonage, and largely increased the member- 
 ship. Stationed at East Minneapolis for two 
 years, and from there to his present charge. 
 
 John Schockweiler was born in Luxembourg, 
 September nth, 1821. Is a self-educated man, 
 having attended school but three months. In 
 1852 he emigrated to Detroit, Michigan, and in 
 1854 came to Minneapolis; I)e was the second man 
 here engaged in the lime business. His location 
 at present is 15 Third street south; he deals in 
 lime, liair, cement etc. His first wife was Anna 
 Nercyer, who died in 1854; they had one daugli- 
 ter. His present wife was Louisa Mande; they 
 have no children. 
 
 Joseph Schulenburg came to Minneapolis in 
 1866. Kept the Pacific House two years, then 
 engaged in farming the same length of time in 
 nice county; he afterwards worked a farm in 
 Plymoutli two years, thence to St. Anthony where 
 for eight years he was proprietor of a boarding- 
 house. Since November 1st, 1880, he has kept 
 the Medina House, previous to which lie ran the 
 Hennepin House. In 1851 he married Margaret 
 Baker. Their children are Mathew, Caspar and 
 Lizzie. 
 
 Fred Schroder, a native of Germany, was born 
 November 24th, 1834. Came to America in 1853 
 and located at Manitowoc, Wisconsin, where he 
 resided until 1876, when he removed to Califor- 
 nia. In July, 1880, Mr. Schroder came to this 
 city, and engaged in the meat business at 403 
 Plymouth Avenue. He was married in 1866 to 
 Miss D. Inkenky. 
 
 Henry Sehulze, a native of Germany, was horn 
 January 28th, 1842. Cam» to America in infan- 
 cy, and lived until 1S59 at Chioago, Illinois; he 
 th n removed to St. Paul and worked at the meat 
 business there .about five years. In 18()4 he came 
 to tliis city and started a meat market, which he 
 sold in April, 1880, to L. W. Neudeck, but still 
 retains his position as manager of the business. 
 In 1875 he married the widow of the late Louis 
 Neudeck of Minneapolis. 
 
 Henry II. Scott was born in Penobscot county, 
 Maine, September, 1846. Lived on a farm with 
 his parents until the age of twenty years. In 
 1863 lie enlisted in the First Maine Heavy Ar- 
 tillery; served two years, engaged in thirty-two 
 battles and was twice wounded. Came here in 
 1866, and has since been in the lumber busi- 
 ness. He is also proprietor of the Cottage House, 
 on Second Avenue north. In 1874 he married 
 Jos>e Fashant. William Henry is their only child. 
 
 I. C. Seeley was born January 22d, 1833, in 
 Allegan county, Michigan. When seventeen 
 years of age he attended Richland Seminary, Kal- 
 amazoo county, and afterward taught. Enlisted 
 in the Fourth ilichigan Cavalry, and served 
 three years, being in fifty-seven different engage- 
 ments; was held a prisoner of war over five 
 months, nearly three months of the time at An- 
 dersonville, and is a living witness of the horrors 
 of that prison-pen. After the war he prepared 
 for college at Kalamazoo, then went to Olivet 
 and graduated from the college there in 1868; he 
 also graduated in law at Ann Arbor in 1871 , and 
 w-as in the oflSce of Severance and Burrows of 
 that city until 1872, when he came here and has 
 since been in the real estate and insurance busi- 
 ness. In 1876 he married Julia M. Willard. She 
 has borne him one child: Edith. 
 
 Henry E. Seidell, a native of Connecticut, was 
 born August 4th, 1835, at Portland. When five 
 years of age he moved to New Haven, and resided 
 there until 1860, wlien he came to St. Paul, and 
 two years later removed to Minneapolis; he has 
 been very sucjessful in his business of contract- 
 ing and building. Mr. Selden enlisted in the 
 Sixth Minnesota Volunteers in 1862; he was 
 through the Indian war, the regiment marching 
 3,200 miles, and was in tlie service until 1865. 
 On his return he built his present residence at 
 14 Tenth street south. His wife was Eleanor 
 Stevens, whom he married in 1860, They are 
 the iiarents of seven children: Lewis. Emma, 
 Mabel. Frank, Kittle, Eleanor, and Henry. 
 
 George Sermon, veterinary surgeon, graduated 
 at Edinburgh. April 23d. 1862; at the Royal Col- 
 lege of Veterinary Surgeons, April SOtli. 1862, 
 and has a diploma from each. In 1869 he moved 
 to Montreal, Canada, and followed his profession 
 there nine years. Since November, 1878, he has 
 been in practice in '\iiiiiieapolis.
 
 630 
 
 BISTOBT OF BENKEPIN COUMY. 
 
 George Kittredge Shaw, editor of the Evening 
 Joiinial, was born in Extter, Penobscot coiinty, 
 ilaine. June 23d. 1841. IJis paYents removed to 
 Galena, Illinois, in the fall of 1)^51. and in that 
 city 2ilr. Shaw grew to manhood, receiving his 
 education in the public schools of that place. 
 Having learned the luinting trade he made his 
 first business venture in 1S62 purchasing the 
 Platteville. Grant county. "Witness, which he 
 owned and conducted successfully until 1S67. 
 In 1863 he enlisted in the Forty-third Wisconsin 
 Infantry, was elected captain of company B, and 
 served till the close of the war. receiving a com 
 mission as major in 18(U. In 1S67 he came to 
 Minneapolis, and was made editor-in-chief of the 
 ilinneaiiolis ilorning Tribune. That position 
 he held for thne years and then resigned on 
 account of ill-health. In the summer of 1870 
 he founded the Daily Evening News, which was 
 the first daily evening newspaper, receiving tele- 
 graphic dispatches, started in this city. In June, 
 1873, he sold the News, and removed to Bay 
 City. Michigan. wi)ere lie was employed for five 
 years as editor and manager of the Daily Trib- 
 une of that place. Keturning to Minneapolis in 
 the winter of 1878, Jtlr. Shaw purchased an in- 
 terest in the Evening Tribune, remained with 
 that paper as writing editor until May 1st. 1880, 
 and on that date sold out his Tribune stock and 
 afterwiirds purchased a half-interest in the Even- 
 ing Journal. Mr. Shaw was married September 
 13th. 1S71. to Miss Anna E. Jones, of Detroit, 
 Michigan, and has three sons and one daughter. 
 
 J. M. Shaw was born December 18th. 1833. in 
 Penobscot county. Maine. AVas educated at Exe- 
 ter and East Corinth. In the spring of 1852 he 
 came to Minnesota and resided at Cottage Grove, 
 then removed to Galtna. Illinois, where he was 
 seven years, employed as book-keeper in a mer- 
 cantile house. In 1856 he began reading law and 
 in 1859 entered the otKce of A. L. Cummings. 
 "Was admitted to the bar by the suprpme court of 
 Illinois, and remained at Galena until 1862. when 
 he removed to Wisconsin. He enlisted in the 
 Twenty-fifth Wisconsin and was made second 
 lieutenant of company E ; was first engaged in 
 frontier service, then went south in 1863 and 
 ser\'ed until June. 1865 ; he was mustered out as 
 captain. In October of the same year he came to 
 Minneapolis and has since been engaged in the 
 
 practice of his profession here, He is a member 
 of the law firm of Shaw. Le^^ and Cray. In Sep- 
 tember. 1864. he maiTied Ellen A., daughter of 
 Dr. J. S. Elliot of this city. 
 
 C. W. Shatto, a native of Warren, Ohio, was 
 born in Xov( niber. 1840. At the age of ten years 
 he accorupanied his parents to Minnesota, and 
 followed farming imtil 1868, when he enlisted in 
 the First Minnesota Yolunteere. and served untU 
 the expiration of his term of sen-ice. Then 
 worked at freighting from Omaha to Denver un- 
 til 1866, when he came to this city and was em- 
 ployed by Gould and Company, the pioneer agri- 
 cultural implement firm, until engaging in busi- 
 ness for himself. In 1872 he married Miss Sarah 
 Tinkham, in Minneapolis. They have one child. 
 
 John AV. Sherwood was born December 17th, 
 1817. at London, England. Learned the book- 
 binder's trade in his native place and came to 
 America in 1848; he resided in New York four 
 years, and three years in Connecticut, thence to 
 Woodstock, Canada. December, 1855, he came 
 to Minneapolis and established the first book 
 bindery in the city ; he does edge gilding and all 
 kinds of work pertaining to his business. His 
 wife was Lucinda Marston. The children born 
 to them were: Lucy. John. Rachel, Reuben. John, 
 Xelson. Cedric. Mary and Xaomi ; four of these 
 have passed away. 
 
 M. R. Sherwood, son of the above, was born in 
 London. England. September 12th. 1846. Came 
 to the United States in 1848. and in 1865 to Min- 
 neapolis. He commenced the manufacture of 
 paper boxes in 1872 and was the fii-st in the city 
 to make a specialty of that line of work ; he is 
 now doing a large business at 123 and 125 Nicol- 
 let Avenue. Mr. Sherwood was married in May. 
 1877. to Julia Anderson of Iowa. They have one 
 child. Frederick. 
 
 Sherburne and White are proprietor's of the 
 Windsor House, located on Washington Avenue, 
 at the corner of Firet Avenue north.. The build- 
 ing is owned by L. L. Cook ; it was erected by 
 W. F. Uanscom in 1867 ; it has a frontage of 
 sixty-six feet on Washington Avenue and a depth 
 of one hundred feet ; the house is three stories 
 liigh and there are flfty-four rooms. Messrs. 
 Sherburne and White leased, refitted and refur- 
 nished the house ; they are old and popular hotel 
 men who always endeavor to please their guests.
 
 BIOGBArniCAL. 
 
 631 
 
 B. P. Shuler, a native of Pennsylvania, was 
 born September 13tb, 1829, in Lycoming county. 
 Came to this city in 1852, and nas employed as 
 mill-wright until 1871, when for two years he en- 
 gaged in the milling business, in company with 
 Mr. Ilineline, at tlie Richfield mills. lie went 
 to California in 1873, returned the following year, 
 and went into business at tlie Arctic mill, under 
 the firm name of Ilobart, Shuler and Company. 
 In 1863 Mr. Shuler married Abbie E. Tidd, of 
 Minneapolis. 
 
 R. G. Shuler, born at Williamsport, Pennsylva- 
 nia, in 1827. At the age of seventeen he com- 
 menced learning the trade of mill-wright, at which 
 he worked in his native state until 1853, when he 
 went to Indiana, and resided one year; then re- 
 moved to Minnesota, and lived at Anoka, farm- 
 ing, building, and in the livery business, until 
 1864. He then accompanied Fisk's Indian expe- 
 dition to tlie plains. Since 1866 lie has lived in 
 this city, engaged in the mill-wright and building 
 business, having assisted in erecting some of the 
 principal mills here. In 1859 be married Liicretia 
 Foster, of Maine. Their children are : Alfred, 
 Uarry, and Florence. 
 
 Frederick Sievers, pastor of Trinity Lutheran 
 Church, was born in Frankenlust, Saginaw 
 county. Michigan, June 21st, 1852. Received his 
 early education from his father at home. After 
 confirmatiiin lie went to Concordia College, Fort 
 Wayne, Indiana, in 1866. where he remained un- 
 til 1872. In the same year he went to St. Louis, 
 and entered the Concordia Theological Seminary, 
 graduating June 29tli. 1875. August 29tli, same 
 year, was ordained at St. Cliarles. Missouri, re- 
 maining there as assistant pastor until 1859, when 
 he received a call from this cluuch. He is the 
 son of Rev. F. Sievers, who organized the con- 
 gregation in 1856. 
 
 P. Simonson, a native of Norway, was born in 
 1841. Emigrated to America in 1866, and located 
 in Minneapolis the same year. He was four 
 years employed in the car-shops, and two years 
 stair-building for J. Harrison. In 1872 he com- 
 menced business for himself, building stairs and 
 railings. His establishment is the only one of 
 the kind in the city, and he has been very suc- 
 cessfid. He was married in February, 1873, to 
 Martha Anderson. They are the parents of three 
 children. Mr. Simonson's residence and stair- 
 
 building shop are at 1006 Washington Avenue 
 south. 
 
 C. M. Skinner; M. D., was born at Waukeslia, 
 Wisconsin, in jSIarch. 1841. He was educated in 
 his native county: afterward studied medicine and 
 graduated from Rush Medical College, Chicago, 
 in 1876. For one and one-half years he was 
 house surgeon of the Cook County Hospital at 
 Chicago; then practiced at Hartford. Wisconsin, 
 about fifteen months, and since June. 1878, has 
 been in practice in Minneapolis. Dr. Skinner re- 
 sides at 1001 Washington Avenue south. Ilis 
 marriage with Calista Rowell, of Wisconsin, oc- 
 curred in 1863. They have one daughter. 
 
 L. J. Skinner was born at Brooklyn, New York, 
 April 4th, 1853. At the age of sixteen he was 
 employed as clerk in the dry goods estalilishment 
 of E. 11. Van Ingen and Company, of New York 
 city, and remained till 1879, wlien he came here 
 and engaged in tlie paint business, as dealer and 
 contractor, firm name of Adams and Skinner. 
 After a few months he bought Mr. Adams' inter- 
 est and continued alone nearly a year, when lie 
 became associated with W. W. Sly, and the man- 
 ufacture of paints was added to tlie business. 
 Their works are on Nicollet Island. JSIr. Skinner 
 married Elizabeth M. Bradley, in 1879. They 
 have had one child, who died in infancy. 
 
 O. B. Skinner, a native of New York, was bom 
 August 3d, 1844. in Essex county. L=arned the 
 drug business atElmira, New York, went to Kan- 
 sas in 1869. and was in business there about two 
 years, then resided in Vermont till 1S76. Since 
 that time lie lias been in the drug trade at Minne- 
 apolis, with very profitable results. He occupies 
 the whole of the building where he is at present 
 located. 1121 Wasliingtou Avenue north. In 
 1870, he married Miss C. L. Baldwin, of Waverly, 
 New York. Of their four children only one sur- 
 vives: Clara. Mrs. Skinner died August 1st. 1S80. 
 
 Thomas Sloan, a native of Preble, Cortland 
 county. New York, was born in 1857. When a 
 babe he came with his parents to St. Anthony, 
 and at the age of eleven went to work in tlie mills 
 of Minneapolis. For the past seven years he has 
 been employed at the Cataract mill. Mr. Sloan 
 is an unmarried man, and lives with his parents 
 at No. 2 First Avenue south. 
 
 William Wesley Sly was born July 9th, 1848, 
 in Oakland county, Michigan. At the age of
 
 632 
 
 HISTOBY OF HENKEPIN C0UN2Y. 
 
 sixteen he went to sea, and before he was twenty- 
 one years of age he circumnavigated the globe. 
 lie lived in England two years, engaged in paint- 
 ing, for which he had a natural ability; from 
 there he went to Italy, Asia, East India, China, 
 and was in tlie Abyssinian expedition with sup- 
 plies; he was at Ansley bay at the time King 
 Theodore suicided. In 1869 he returned to Bom- 
 bay, and there went on board the Great Eastern, 
 laying cable, lie served in the late war, and 
 after peace was declared, he again went to sea. 
 In 1872 he engaged in the paint business in De- 
 troit, anil remained there, with the exception of 
 one schooner trip to Diiluth, in which he was 
 shipwrecked and nearly lost his Ufe, until 1878, 
 when he came to Jilinneapolis and took charge of 
 the Minnesota Linseed Oil Company's paint 
 works. In 1880 he formed a partnership with L. 
 J. Skinner, known as the Minneapolis Liquid 
 Paint Company, lie married, hi Jime, 1880, 
 Mary, daughter of Rev. L. D. Brown of St. Paul. 
 
 C. H. Smart, florist, 511 Sixteenth Avenue 
 south, ilr. Smart is a native of England, and 
 was born JSIarch 28th, 1828, at London. In 1868 
 he moved to the state of New York, where he 
 worked at his trade, blacksmithing, until 1871; 
 since that time he has resided in ^Minneapolis. 
 While still working at his trade, he has engaged 
 in the cultivation of plants and flowers, and has 
 made good progress in that entei-prise. He mar- 
 ried, in 1816, Eliza Maddin of London. Their 
 two children have passed away. 
 
 Fred. L. Smith was bom in the tow n of Lee, 
 Maine. July 2d, 1813. Received an academic ed- 
 ucation at Lee Normal Academy. Came to Min- 
 nesota with his parents in June, 1857, and located 
 in St. Anthony. Was the first carrier boy of the 
 Falls Eveumg Journal, a daily paper started in 
 the fall of 1857, by Messrs. Croffut and Clark, in 
 whose office he learned the printer's trade. 
 Was foreman of the Pioneer job department in 
 1863 and 1861. and in 1865 became associated with 
 Col. John II. Stevens, Col. L. P. Plummer and 
 others in the publication of the Minneapolis Daily 
 Chronicle. When that paper was merged into 
 the State Atlas, and the Minneapolis Daily Trib- 
 une was started, he engaged as general superin- 
 tendent of the mechanical department of that in- 
 stitution, in wliicli place lie continued until Au- 
 gust, 1871, when he formed a paitnership with 
 
 Chas. W. Johnson in the job printing business. 
 Is now a member of the firm of Johnson, Smith 
 and Ilanison, the printers of this history. He 
 has been an active member of the masonic fra- 
 ternity, having served three years as Master of 
 Cataract Lodge No. 2. A. F. and A. M., during 
 which time their new hall was built. Has also 
 been High Priest of St. Anthony Falls Royal Arch 
 Chapter No. 3, Thrice Illustrious Master of Adon- 
 iram Council No. 5, and Eminent Commander of 
 Darius Commandery No. 7, of this city. Is also 
 a Scottish Rite Mason. Was elected Alderman 
 of the fifth ward in the spring of 1878, for two 
 years. Was re-elected in the spring of 1880 for 
 three years, and on the organization of the city 
 councU, was made its vice-president. Was elec- 
 ted president of the city council at its organiza- 
 tion in 1881, which position he now liolds. Was 
 married in December 1868 to a daughter of Henry 
 Sinclair. Has two children. 
 
 Albee Smith, born November 25th, 1815, at 
 Orange, Massachusetts. Attended the graded 
 schools of Cambridge and in 1863, entered the 
 University of Chicago; the next year he went to 
 Middlebury College; during the two years he 
 was there, he read law with Sandford B. Perry and 
 Walker, Dexter and Smith. He returned to Chi- 
 cago, entered the law school, and in 1867, was 
 admitted to the bar at Ottawa, Illinois. Came 
 to Minneapolis the same year and opened a law 
 office in company with M. D. L. Collester. In 
 1871, he returned to Chicago, but was burned out 
 during the great conflagration, and coming again 
 to Minneapolis, has since continued in his pro- 
 fession here. He married MoUie McClelland in 
 1870. Their chikh'en are, Robert, Albee and 
 OrveU. 
 
 C. H. Smith, a native of New Hampshire, was 
 bom June 26th, 1859, at Salisbury. Resided 
 there until 1877, when he came here and worked 
 for the firm of Smith and Day, the former beuig 
 a brother of his. In September, 1878, he became 
 a member of the firm of Smith and Miller; they 
 deal in hardware at 231 Sixth Avenue south. 
 
 Charles W. Smith, born November Uth. 1818, 
 at Greenville, Illinois. Moved with his parents to 
 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and attended school 
 there until 1862, when he went to Europe, and 
 entered the Liverpool Free College; he graduated 
 in 1865, and then traveled through Europe. In
 
 BIOGBAPEICAL. 
 
 633 
 
 1866, he crossed the isthmus and went to Calcutta, 
 India, from Madias. Retui-ned to America in 
 
 1867, and from here visited Buenos Ayres in the 
 ship Kossuth, in which he was part owner, and was 
 pay-master of the first railroad built in tlie Ar- 
 gentine Confederation in 1868. He toolc cliarge 
 of a steamer whicli went to tlie relief of a Welch 
 colony in Patagonia, and returned overland to 
 Buenos Ayres, from wliere he made a trip on 
 horse back across the Andes to Cliili, returning 
 through Paraguay and Brazil, thence homevi^ard 
 in 1870. Since that time he has been engaged 
 in teaching in Minnesota. In 1878, he moved to 
 this city, and in 1875 was appointed superinten- 
 dent of schools, and was elected to the otHce in 
 1877, and re-elected in 1879. Mr. Smith married 
 Electa Hawkins in 1872. Arthur Garfield is their 
 only child. The have an adopted son Benjamin 
 W. 
 
 E. M. Smith, a native of Michigan, was born 
 February 10th, 1843, at Pontiac. Moved to Wi- 
 nona, Minnesota, in 1867, and for tliree years was 
 engineer on the Winona and St. Peter railroad. 
 In 1870, he came to this city and ran an engine 
 two years on the Chicago, Milvvaul^ee and St. 
 Paul railway. Since tlie Union Planing Mills 
 started, he has been employed there as engineer. 
 His wife was EtHe Jones; their marriage occurred 
 in March, 1869; Burtie, Daisy, Roy and Ida, are 
 their children. 
 
 George Smith, a native of Wisconsin, was born 
 July 2oth, 1856, in Walworth county. Went to 
 Winona, Minnesota, in 1875, and two years 
 later removed to ilinneapolis. He is now em- 
 ployed as miller at the Osborne feed mill. His 
 address is 616 Fifth street north-east. 
 
 George Smith, born in Picton county. Nova 
 Scotia, September 6th, 18-16. First engaged in 
 the business of hides, tallow, pelts, etc., at Chi- 
 cago, in 1870, and afterwards with prominent 
 firms at Milwaukee and Eau Claire, Wisconsin. 
 In 1875 he was employed as salesman for 
 Oberne, Hosick and Company, of this city, 103 and 
 105 Second street south, and has been prt)moled 
 to manager. 
 
 George F. Smith, was born at Salisbury, New 
 Hampshire, September 1st, 1842. Enlisted in 
 1862 in the Sixteenth New Hampshire Infantry, 
 and served one year. On being mustered out, 
 in 1863, he came to Minneapolis, but the next 
 
 year went south to work, and laid the first sill of 
 the Cumberland hospital, at Nashville. He re- 
 turned in 1S65, and W'orked in the hardware 
 business for J. S. Pillsbury, until starting for 
 himself in 1872; the firm of Smith and Scribner 
 dates from May, 1876. Mr. Smith married Miss 
 Connor of this city, in 1867. Their children are: 
 George, Ralph and Cyrus. 
 
 J. R. Smith, a native of Sahsbury, New Hamp- 
 shire, was born April 21st, 1851. Since 1871 he 
 has been a resident of Minneapolis. He worked 
 for George F. Smith four years, and in 1876, 
 entered into partnership with Mr. Day in the 
 hardware business. Mr. Smith's marriage with 
 Leonora Day took place in 1875. They are the 
 parents of two children; J. R., and Rena. They 
 reside at 915, Seventh Avenue south. 
 
 J. A. Smith, a native of Germany, was born in 
 1850. He accompanied his parents to America 
 in 1855, and removed to Minneapolis in 1874; 
 since that time has been engaged in the manufac- 
 ture of barrels, and is now president of the Co- 
 operative Barrel Company. 
 
 Jason W. Smith, was born October 23d, 1840, 
 in Penobscot county, Maine. Remained on his 
 father's farm till 1860, when he went to Bangor, 
 and engaged in mercantile pursuits. In July, 
 1870, he removed to this city and clerked in a 
 grocery store three years, then went into the 
 grocery trade at 101 Central Avenue, in partner- 
 ship with W. W. Hawes. His wife was Emma 
 Maxim; they were married in 1865. Of tlieir 
 fom- children, three are living: George, Edith 
 and Jessie. 
 
 Theodore W. Smith, a native of New York 
 city, was- born August 25th, 1860. Commenced 
 working at milling in 1874, at Ashland, Ohio ; re- 
 moved to this city in October, 1878, and was em- 
 ployed one year at the Crystal Lake mill. Since 
 that time has been engaged with Hawthorne 
 Brothers at the Trades mill. His marriage with 
 Julia Desjardin occurred August 3d, 1880. 
 
 C. L. Snyder, born February 1st, 1831, in Som- 
 erset county, Pennsylvania. In 1857 he came to 
 Minnesota, located at (ilencoeand for three years 
 followed lumbering and farmiug ; he was sheriff 
 of McLeod county in 1857-8. In 1861 raised 
 company B, of tlie Fourth Minnesota ; he was 
 promoted captain of this coini)any and served 
 three years ; after being mustered out in 1864 he
 
 634 
 
 HISTORY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 went to Pennsylvania and raised a company of 
 artillery there, and served as captain until May, 
 1865. In the fall of that year be came here 
 and was in the wood business two years then 
 formed a partnership with Mr. Keator ; for 
 thirteen years they were carriers of the Minneapo- 
 lis Tribune, and have been in the bill posting 
 business a number of years. Mr. Snyder was 
 elected to the city council in 1873 and "79 ; was 
 president of the city council in 1880. In 1855 he 
 man'ied Margaret Cunningham. James, Anna, 
 Grace and Charles are their cliildren. 
 
 S. P. Snyder, born April 14th, 182(), at Somer- 
 set, Pennsylvania. He received a common school 
 education and started life as clerk in an imcle's 
 store. In 1847 he purchased a stock of dry 
 goods and located at Berkley's Mills ; he sold in 
 about two years and removed to Ohio, where he 
 followed the same business in company with his 
 brother; he sold again in 1855, came to St. An- 
 thony, and formed a partnership with W. K. 
 McFarlane for the purpose of locating lands. In 
 the fall of 1855 removed to the west side, returned 
 to Ohio, was married and came back to Minne- 
 apolis, and for a time occupied J. II. Stevens's 
 pre-emption house. In 1857 became a member 
 of the firm of Snyder, McFarlane and Cook, bank- 
 ers and real estate dealers ; in the summer of 
 1857 purchased eighty acres and platted it as 
 Snyder and Company's first addition to Minne- 
 apolis; Tenth street now passes through this. 
 Mr. Snyder was one of the many to suffer in the 
 financial panic of 1858, but afterwards recovered 
 and in 1876 built a fine large block, on the 
 same spot where t\\enty years previous he had 
 placed his land otlice. In 1880 he sold both block 
 and lot, as a building site for the new Union de- 
 pot. In 1856 he married Mary Ramsay. The 
 children born to Mr. and Mrs. Snyder are Frank, 
 Fred and ]SIary. 
 
 Joseph Sonnen was born in 1832 in Prussia, 
 Came to America in 1855, located in the state of 
 New York and resided there about eight years. 
 In 1873 he removed to Minneapolis, and worked 
 as pattern maker for the St. Anthony Iron Works 
 until 1878. Since that time he has been success- 
 fully engaged in manufacturing furniture. 
 
 W. A. Spaidding, Dentist, was born in Penob- 
 scot county, Maine, March 7th, 1842. Moved to 
 Wright county, Minnesota, in 1856, and settled 
 
 at Monticello. In 1862 he enlisted, and was three 
 and one-half years in active seniee; mustered 
 out in 1865. Since the war he has made this city 
 his home. In 1870, assisted in the location of 
 the Minneapolis and St. Louis Railroad, and had 
 charge of bridge building on that line until 1872, 
 when he engaged in surveying townships in north- 
 western Minnesota. Mr. Spaulding graduated 
 from the Ohio college of dental surgery March 
 4th, 1875, with the degree of D. D. S.; since that 
 time has been in practice. His wife was Miss J. 
 C. Johnson; they were married in 1866. Three 
 children have been born to them: Willie, Susie 
 and one who died in infancy. 
 
 Edward Spear, Jr., was bom in 1828. at War- 
 ren. Ohio, and received his education in his na- 
 tive place. Was in the army five years; was in 
 command of an Ohio battery three years of the 
 time, and then was paymaster of the army of the 
 Tennessee; after the war he passed five months 
 in Europe. In 1878 he came here and established 
 the North-western Stove Works, located in South 
 ^Minneapolis. ^Ir. Spear married, in 1856, Emma 
 Louder. Their children are : Louie, Edward, 
 Bertha and Harry. 
 
 R. Speck, a native of Germany, was bom Sep- 
 tember 14th, 1841. Came to the United States in 
 1864, and resided at St. Paul until 1874 when he 
 came here and for about one year was in the pro- 
 duce and commission business; since then he has 
 had a grocery and general merchandise store, his 
 present location being 50] First street north. 
 His marriage with Mary Joungclaus occurred in 
 1872. Of their four children, those living are: 
 Carl, Gustave and Adolph. 
 
 David Spillaue, a native of New York, was 
 born August 15th, 1855, at Dunkirk. Wlien a 
 babe he moved with his parents to Fillmore 
 county, Minnesota. When seventeen years of age 
 he commenced the milling business at Wlialan. 
 In July, 1879, he came to Minneapolis and en- 
 gaged with the Standard mill, where he occupies 
 the position of grinder. 
 
 J. 11. Stahr was bom December 29th, 1842, in 
 Denmark. Came to this country, worked one 
 year at farming in Indiana, six months in a roll- 
 ing mill, and then was engaged as clerk in a hotel, 
 previous to returning to Denmark on a visit. In 
 1866 he removed to Wisconsin and engaged in the 
 grocery business; came here in 1876 and was in
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL. 
 
 635 
 
 different lines of business till 1880, wben he 
 opened a second-hand store at 208 Plymouth Av- 
 enue. In 1865 he married Christine Hanson. 
 They have had nine children; only tliree are liv- 
 ing. 
 
 Carl G. Stammwitz was bom in Germany In 
 1831. Came to St. Anthony in 1858, and was 
 head miller for Morrison and Prescott, at the 
 Farmer's mill, six years. In 1865, bought the St. 
 Anthony mill in company with G. Schober; they 
 purchased a half interest in tlie People's mill in 
 1870, and the next year disposed of the St. An- 
 thony mill; in 1875 they took the machinery out 
 of the People's mill and built tlie Phoenix. Mr. 
 Stammwitz married Caroline Peterson in 1861. 
 Their children are Carl, Annie, Frederick, Olga, 
 Adolph, Otto. Augusta, Bertha, Henry, Alice and 
 Alvin (twins,) and George. 
 
 C. M. Stebbins, a native of Long Meadow, 
 Massachusetts, was born in 1829. Lived with his 
 parents until sixteen years of age, when he went 
 to Connecticut and worked at carpentering four 
 years. In 1849, returned to Massachusetts for 
 one year; then went again to Connecticut and 
 remained till July, 1878, when he came to this 
 city; his place of business is 218 Second Avenue 
 south. Mr. Stebbins was married in 1856 to Miss 
 Langdon. They have two childi-en, llattie and 
 Henry. 
 
 E. S. Stebbins was born in 1854, at Boston Massa- 
 chusetts. Moved to Troy, New York, in 1868, 
 and two years later went to Saratoga. In 1872 
 he commenced the study of arcliitecture. Went 
 to Boston and attended the Technological Insti- 
 tute two years. He worked with E. D. Harris 
 three years on the Grand Union Hotel, Saratoga, 
 and the fourth year had entire supervision of the 
 work. In 1877 he came here. His office is 304 
 Nicollet Avenue. Mr. Stebbins drew plans for 
 the Hennepin county jail, Christ Cliurcli, Henne- 
 pin county poor-hon.se, Richfield town hall, and 
 several public buildings at Grand Forks, Dakota. 
 He was married in 1880. 
 
 Franklin Steele. Tlie following memoir, by 
 Rev. E. D. Neill, was read at tlie meeting of the 
 department of American History of tlie State 
 Historical Society, in October, 1880. " In memo- 
 riam : Franklin Steele. This evening we as- 
 semble under the shadow of a sudden and painful 
 lo.s. Among the twenty-live or thii-ty present at 
 
 the September meeting of this department of the 
 State Historical Society, he who attracted the most 
 attention by his fine presence and manly form was 
 its chairman, Franklin Steele. Tliose who saw 
 him on that evening, in perfect health, presiding 
 so courteously, yet unolitriisively, can with diffi- 
 culty realize that on the tliird night after, he was 
 silenced by death, and that in less than a week 
 his lifeless body was carried to its last resting- 
 place in the beautiful cemetery which overlooks 
 the capital of tlie republic. Not only as a life 
 member of the Minnesota Historical Society, and 
 cliairmanof the department of American History, 
 but as one of the founders of the commonwealth 
 of Minnesota, is he deserving of some brief 
 memorial. 
 
 While the French were still occupying the val- 
 ley of the Alleglieny, the region between the 
 Delaware and Susquelianna rivers, in Pennsylva- 
 nia, was fast filling up witli industrious farmers 
 from Wales, Ireland, Scotland, and Germany. 
 Among the hardy men wlio found homes in wliat 
 is now Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, was the 
 paternal ancestor of Franklin Steele, and the 
 wife of this pioneer was of Scotch descent. Fru- 
 gal and persevering, they raised a large family, 
 and four sons, at least, attained manhood. 
 
 Archibald served under the lamented Mont- 
 gomery in 1775, in the expedition against Quebec, 
 and during the revolution became deputy quarter- 
 master general for the troops of the western di- 
 vision of tlie army in Pennsylvania. 
 
 Joliii, wIki was liorii in the town of Lancaster, 
 was about seventeen years of age and going to 
 school when the thrilling news arrived that the 
 farmers near Lexington had peppered the British 
 soldiery from Boston, with the contents of their 
 fowling pieces. It stirred the blood of lliis boy, 
 and soon he was found enlisted in the war for in- 
 dependence. At the battle of Brandywine, in 
 September, 1777, he received in his shoulder what 
 was supposed for a time to lie a fat;il wound. On 
 one occasion he swam across the Delaware, wliile 
 ice was floating, with orders tied in a silk handker- 
 chief around his head. Although benumbed, he 
 reached the Jersey shore, and gave an alarm, 
 which baffled the enemy. In March, 1778, Lieu- 
 tenant John Steele was recommended to the ex- 
 ecutive council of Pennsylvania as "an officer 
 well (lualilied to recruit in Lancaster county."
 
 636 
 
 HISTORY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 William was a tltiril son. and a letter is pre- 
 served wliieli was written by John to his brother, 
 dated Morristown, Xew Jersey, June 14tb, 1780, 
 and from which is tliis extract: "I at present 
 enjoy myself incomparably well, in the family of 
 Mi's. AVashington, whose guard 1 have had the hon- 
 or to command, since the absence of the general, 
 and the rest of tlie family, which is now six or 
 seven days. I am happy in tlie importance of my 
 charge, as well as in the presence of the most 
 amiable woman on earth, and whose character, 
 should I attempt to describe, I could not do jus- 
 tice to, but will only say that I think it is unex- 
 tionable." 
 
 James, a fourth son, was the father of the sub- 
 ject of this memoir. During the war of 1812 he 
 was inspector general of Pennsylvania, and had 
 represented his fellow-citizens in the legislature. 
 Subsequently he was an enterprising citizen in 
 the valley of the Octorara, the stream which sepa- 
 rates Chester and Lancaster counties. Engaged 
 ill farmuig, owning a store, a flour and cotton 
 mill, he was the center of a neighborhood. 
 
 Franklin Steele, in 1813 was born at his fathers" 
 residence near the western boundary line in 
 Chester county, and as he approached manhood, 
 was actuated by the laudable ambition to depend 
 upon his own exertions, and obtained a position in 
 the Lancaster post-office. In this place he was 
 brought in contact \\ ith James Buchanan, after- 
 wards president, and others who had known his 
 father, and also liked him for his own cheerful 
 spirit. From the desire to act well his part in 
 life, he looked toward the distant west as a 
 broader and more rapid field for development. 
 In view of the treaties about to be made with 
 the Cliippewa and Sioux Indians for tlie lands 
 between the St. Croix and ilississippi, Franklin 
 Steele, and two or three others, in tlie summer of 
 1837. in a birch-bark canoe propelled by eight 
 men, left the mouth of tlie Minnesota river and 
 descending the Mississippi, entered the St. Croix 
 and ascending to its falls, laid claim to the val- 
 uable water-power by erecting a claim cabhi of 
 logs. 
 
 After General Dodge made a treaty with ths 
 Ghippewas at Fort Snelling, a delegation of Sioux 
 were taken by the Indian agent at Fort Snelling 
 to Washington, and there they also, on the 27th 
 of September, 1837, signed a treaty by which the 
 
 pine forests of Minnesota were effectually op- 
 ened to the axe of the lumberman. 
 
 Mr. Steele passed the winter of 1838 at Wash- 
 ington and elsewhere, but on the evening of the 
 13th of June, on the steamboat Burlington, ar- 
 rived at Fort Suelling. Among his fellow pass- 
 engers were Capt. Maryatt, of the British navy, 
 the well-known novelist, and a number of others, 
 ladies as well as gentlemen. With them, he rode 
 out for pleasure to the Falls of St. Anthony, then 
 the ultima thule. a point at which he was destined 
 to ereet the flrs^ permanent structure, and in 
 which, after it became a city of forty-eight thou- 
 sand inhabitants, he was suddenly to die. 
 
 On the 20th of June, the steamboat Ariel ar- 
 rived at Fort Snelling, and one of the passengers 
 said that the senate had ratified the treaty, but it 
 was not until the loth of July, that the Palmyra 
 brought the official notice, 
 
 Mr, Steele now made another trip to the falls 
 of St. Croix and on the 16th of August he came 
 back to the fort. Disposing of his interests at the 
 falls of St. Croix, he turned his attention to the 
 development of the claim at the falls of St. An- 
 thony, and in 1838 engaged a man to cultivate six 
 or eight acres there, the land having not yet been 
 surveyed. It was not until 18-tS that there was a 
 sale of lands by the government, and this year he 
 completed the first saw-mill on the east side of 
 the falls. 
 
 In 1851 he secured a site for the preparatory 
 department of the University of Minnesota, and 
 was tlie largest contributor toward the erection 
 of the first academic building. The academy was 
 opened in October. 1851, and until destroyed by 
 fire stood in the east division pai'k, opposite the 
 stone edifice now owned by Macalester College. 
 
 After the treaties of 1851, settlers began to 
 dwell on the prairie on the west side of the falls 
 of St. Antliony. and in a few years were more 
 numerous than those on the east side. With an 
 adiding faith that in time, the roar of a great city 
 would drown the "voice of many watere," Mr. 
 Steele, before patents were issued from the gen- 
 eral land office at Washington for the land on the 
 west side, contracted for the swinging of a wire 
 suspension bridge over the Mississippi, just above 
 tlie cataract, the first bridge of any description 
 which spanned the great river from Lake Itasca 
 to the gulf of Mexico.
 
 BIOGBArHICAL. 
 
 637 
 
 After its complptioii, ihe MiniiPi'ota leRislatiire 
 in tlie winter of 1855. adjonrned for one day to be 
 present at tlie formal opening of the artistic struc- 
 ture, wliich for years was not only a great thor- 
 oughfare for immigrants, but admired by travelers 
 and tourists as a thing of beauty. About tliis 
 time liis name was appropriately given by the 
 state to one of the counties made out of the lands 
 which liad been ceded by the Sioux. 
 
 Tlie month of August, 1862, can never be for- 
 gotten by tlie settlers of Minnesota. The Sioux, 
 taking advantage of the civil war that was then 
 raging, rose like demons incarnate, and without 
 warning began to attack the settlements of the 
 Minnesota river, and murder and scalp defence- 
 less women and children. Volunteers from St. 
 Paul and Minneapolis hurried to the scene of 
 slaughter, and Mr. Steele followed as soon as 
 possible with the necessary supplies. The drivers 
 of the supply trains at length faltered and said 
 they dared not go on, when Mr. Steele, with 
 characteristic quietness and efficiency, headed 
 the column, riding in an open buggy, night and 
 day, and restored confidence. 
 
 In April, 1843, he was married, in Baltimore, 
 by the Rev. Dr. Wyatt, to Anna, daughter of 
 ■\Villiam C. Barney, and grand-child of Commo- 
 dore Barney of the United States navy, and also 
 of Samuel Chase, the Maryland states-man, one 
 of the signers of the declai'ation of independence, 
 afterwards judge of the supreme court of the 
 United States. 
 
 With his bride he came to Fort Snelling when 
 it was surrounded by Indians, and in his wilder- 
 ness home he always exhibited a generous hospi- 
 tality. As his daughters began to grow up, he felt 
 felt it desirable to have a family residence where 
 they could obtain a proper education, and during 
 the latter years of his life he passed the winters in 
 Washington, but always spoke of Minnesota as 
 home. 
 
 Unobtrusiveness was a marked characteristic 
 of our late associate. His voice was not heard 
 in the streets. Persons would associate with 
 him for months in the midst of this city, and 
 would never think that he had a right to say: 
 "Quorum magna pars fui." But while retiring 
 be was affable. A gentleman by instinct, he 
 avoided topics and allusions which would be 
 painful to those with whom he con\'ersed. 
 
 Among those in whom he had confidence he 
 loved to indulge in pleasantry. 
 
 By prosperity he w; s not puffed. Weak hu- 
 man nature is often made very stiff and conse- 
 quential by an increase of this world's goods, but 
 he showed none of that disagreeable conscious- 
 ness which money gives to some people. No poor 
 man was ever humiliated in hispnsence. Of an 
 inquiring mind, with good perceptive powers, in- 
 terested in public questions, and holding social 
 intercourse every winter with some of the best 
 men of the republic, he was able to impart val- 
 uable information and engage in agreeable con- 
 versation. Thrown much of his life-time with 
 frontiersmen, he admued thekenergy, but did not 
 adopt their standai'ds. He did not soil his mouth 
 with coarse, profane or indecent utterances. The 
 slang of the roaring fellows in a loggers' camp, 
 or at a military post had no charms. 
 
 While the soul is immortal and more valuable 
 than the mortal body which encases it, yet the 
 Hebrews acknowledged that it was a privilege to 
 have a fine physical presence. The sacred writers 
 turned aside from mightier matters to mention 
 that there was not among the Children of Israel 
 a "goodlier person" than Saul, who from his 
 shoulders upward was higher than any of the 
 people, and that David "was ruddy and withal of 
 a beautiful countenance." The subject of our 
 memoir was excelled by few in the symmetry of 
 his physical development. As a young man 
 his presence was noticeable. An old army offi- 
 cer saw him conversing with a young lady at a 
 party given by a member of congress in Wash- 
 ington. He asked his name, and when told that 
 he was from what was then called distant Iowa 
 Territory, he replied: "No matter where he re- 
 sides; God never made a finer form." 
 
 An old English writer, speaking of a statesman 
 of the days of James I., wrote: "As Ammianus 
 describes a well-shaped man: 'At) ipso capite, 
 usque, ad ungium summitates recta erat linea- 
 mentorum compage'; 'from the nailsof the fingers, 
 nay, from the sole of liis foot to the crown of his 
 head, there was no blemish in him.' And yet his 
 carriage, and every stoop of his deportment, more 
 than his excellect form, were the beauty of his 
 beauty." Does not this description recall the late 
 chairman of this department of the Minnesota 
 Historical Society? At our meeting in September
 
 638 
 
 HISTOIiY OF HENXEPIX COUNTY. 
 
 no one couki have looked upon his cleai-cnt fea- 
 tures, his fine expression, his manly, erect and 
 matured form, without feeling that he was en- 
 dowed with a frame superior to most men. 
 '■Death found strange beauty on that polished 
 brow, and dashed it out." 
 
 After breakfast on the 9th of September, he 
 was riding witli an acquaintance, when he 
 was seized with dizziness. Soon after he lost 
 consciousness, and at an early hour next morning, 
 while it was yet dark, in the presence of a brother 
 and a son and a few friends, his spirit departed 
 to his God. A beloved wife and a portion of his 
 family liastened to his side, but not until the 
 heart ceased to beat did they an-ive. Lovingly 
 and tenderly the widow earned his lifeless form 
 in a special car. surromided by her two sons and 
 three of her daughters, to the family residence at 
 Georgetown, and on Tluirsday afternoon, the 
 16th ult., his body was borne to St. John's 
 Church, Washington, D. C, where the family 
 had attended, and services were conducted by 
 the Rev. Mr. C arke, assisted by the Eev. Mr. 
 Lindsay, of Georgetown. 
 
 The same hymns that had been sung at the 
 services in iliinieapolis were sung there, and the 
 same flowers which loving friends laid on his 
 coffin in his sou's parlor, in this city, were also 
 used. The church was filled with citizens of 
 "Washington, who had learned to respect the 
 quiet, gentle man. From the church he was 
 borne to Oak Hills cemetery and placed in his 
 last resting place, next to the grave of his daugh- 
 ter's husband, the historic commander of the 
 Cumberland in the memorable conflict of Hamp- 
 ton Eoads. 
 
 It will be long before his friends and his family 
 W'ill forget Frauklin Steele: 
 
 To live in hearts we leave behind 
 Is not to die. 
 
 After the reading of the memorial, on motion 
 of W. W. ^McNair, resolutions of respect were 
 adopted."' 
 
 Franklin Steele. Jr.. son of the late Franklin 
 Steele, and one of the first white natives of Hen- 
 nepin county, was born in 1849. Since reaching 
 his majority he has been engaged in business at 
 Minneapolis. Mr. Steele studied law, and was 
 admitted to practice in 1S72, by Judge Wilkin, of 
 
 St. Paul, passing his examination with great 
 credit. He was married m Febniary, 1872, to 
 Kathleen Lynes. They are the parents of two 
 children. He is a member of the firm of Frank- 
 lin Steele, Jr., and Company, dealere in agricul- 
 tural implements, wagons, etc., corner of First 
 sti-eet and Second Avenue south. Residence on 
 Nicollet Island. 
 
 E. II. Steele, a native of Vermont, was bom 
 in 1846. "Was employed, in 1868, by the firm of 
 "Whitten, Burdett and Young, of Boston, as trav- 
 eling salesman, and continued with them until 
 1874, at which time he established the clothing 
 business which he is conducting so successfully in 
 tills city. Mr. Steele's family consists of only 
 himself and wife. They have a fine residence on 
 Eighth street. This building is heated by steam, 
 fitted with electric bells, burglar alarm, etc. 
 
 Nicholas Steffes, a native of Germany, was 
 born December 10th, 1848. C;fme to America 
 with his parents in 1855, and lived on a farm in 
 "Wright county, Minnesota, until the age of eigh- 
 teen, when he volunteered in the Tenth United 
 States Regulars at Fort Snelling, and served his 
 full time of enlistment. lie has since resided in 
 Minneapolis. He joined the volunteer fire depart- 
 ment in 1875, and served as driver until the or- 
 ganization of the paid department, when he was 
 appointed foreman of Hose Company Xo. 4. In 
 1876 he married Kate Bofferding. Their children 
 are Annie and John. 
 
 J. F. Stephens was bom July 4th. 18-52, in Ches- 
 ter county, Pennsylvania. .His father was a mil- 
 ler, and he learned the trade with him, in his na- 
 tive place. He worked at farming for four years 
 inevious to coming west in 1872. He reached 
 this city December 1st of that year, and com- 
 menced work in the Minneapolis mill, filling a 
 minor position at first, but by industry and atten- 
 tion to business advanced to the position of head 
 miller, which position he fills to the entire satis- 
 faction of his employers. * 
 
 Frank L. Stetson, born December 19th, 1853, 
 in Knox county. Maine. He moved with his pa- 
 rents to Boston, in 1865, and there attended 
 gi-aded schools, afterward went to the Dean 
 Academy at Franklin. In the spring of 1869 he 
 came here and sought employment in the lumber 
 mills ; he had charge of the Northern Pacific 
 railroad company's mills at Brainerd in 1878, re-
 
 BIOGBAPHICAL. 
 
 639 
 
 turned here and until the spring of 1880 was fore-^ 
 man in Leavitt, Cliase and Company's mill, since 
 that time lias filled the same position with Merri- 
 man and Barrows. lie is second chief engineer 
 of the fire department of which he has been 
 a member since 1872. Mr. Stetson's wife was Ida 
 "Winslow, their marriage occurred in 1-877. They 
 have had one child. 
 
 II. A. Stetson, a native of Lincolnville, Maine, 
 was born in 1849. Came to Minneapolis in the 
 fall of 1867 and was employed in saw mills five 
 years ; then in company with W. C. Stetson, his 
 brother, built the mill which bore their name ; 
 after operating it three years disposed of his in- 
 terest and went to work on the Chicago, Milwau- 
 kee and St. Paul railway. In April, 1879, en- 
 gaged to work in the mill for his brother, who 
 sold in ISSO to Wlieaton, Reynolds and Company, 
 and he has been with them since. He married 
 Lillie Howe, in- 1876. Blanche and Alice are 
 their cliildren. 
 
 W. C. Stetson was born October IRth, 1841, in 
 Waldo county, Maine. He came to St. Anthony 
 in 1857 and worked in different mills fourteen 
 years. In 1861 he enlisted in the Ninth Minne- 
 sota Volunteers. After service he returned to 
 Minneapolis and in 1871 , built a planing mill, in 
 company with his lirother; they operated the mill 
 eight months, then he bought his brother's share 
 and sold a half interest to B. F. Nelson. In 1878 
 they built the St. Louis, and the year following 
 Mr. Stetson closed out his interest in both mills. 
 He built in 1880 the-Farnham and Lovejoy mill, 
 and has since operated it for them. In 1859 he 
 married Catharine Griffin. 
 
 Frank Stevens, a native of Worcester county, 
 Massachusetts, was born July 5th, 1853. Worked 
 in that state at different lines of business until 
 April, 1878, when he removed to Minneapolis, 
 and after clerking in a grocery store until 1879 
 he embarked in the same for business himself. He 
 had a fine trade up to December, 1880, when, de- 
 siring a change he sold, with the intention of en- 
 gaging in other enterprises. 
 
 Col. John II. Stevens, the pioneer of Minne- 
 apolis proper, is a native of Lower Canada. His 
 parents, who were natives of Vermont, emigrated 
 from there to one of the eastern townships of 
 Lower Canada, where John H. was born, June 
 13th, 1820. The family trace their descent to 
 
 the so called French Huguenots, who emigrated to 
 New England, coming over with other Puritans 
 in the May-flower. Gardner Stevens, his father, 
 was an extensive farmer, and gave his sons a lib- 
 eral education. At an early day Mr. Stevens de- 
 termined to become one of the pioneers of the 
 far west. His first move was to the lead mines 
 of Illinois and Wisconsin. During the war with 
 Mexico, he served with the army of invasion 
 and after the war closed, he came to the territory 
 of Minnesota, which had recently been set apart 
 from Iowa. He located on the original town- 
 site of Minneapolis, opposite the beautiful and 
 picturesque Falls of St. Anthony; here he lived 
 alone and desolate with the Indians. The nearest 
 habitation of white men was Fort Snelling. 
 Since that time vast and wonderful elianges have 
 been made, such as but few men have witnessed 
 in the short space of thirty-two years. He has 
 lived to see grow from his humble home a city of 
 fifty thousand souls, and should he be spared un- 
 til he reaches his three score and ten, he will 
 doubtless behold a city of over one hundred thou- 
 sand inhabitants. He has frequently been hon- 
 ored with seats in the senate and house of repre- 
 sentatives in the state legislature, and has also 
 held high and responsible offices of trust and 
 honor, both civil and military with the greatest 
 success and credit. lie was married May 10th, 
 1850, in Rockford, Illinois, to Miss Francis H. 
 Miller, of Oneida county, New York. Their 
 children living are, Kittie D., wife of P. B. Win- 
 ston Esq. of this city; Sarah, who resides with 
 her parents; Orma, a graduate of the city high 
 school; Francis II. Gardner, their only son, is a 
 civil engineer. 
 
 Kev. Daniel Stewart, D. D.. pastor of the First 
 Presbyterian Church, Minneapolis, the subject of 
 this sketch, was born in Amsterdam, Montgom- 
 ery county. New York, July 17th, 1811, spending 
 most of his early life in that vicinity, pursuing 
 academical studies at Johnstown, under the Rev. 
 Gilbert Morgan. Entered Union college in 1830, 
 graduated in 1833. After graduating went to 
 Europe, traveling in England, Scotland, Ger- 
 many and France; on returning, entered the Tlie- 
 ological Seminary at Princeton, New Jersey, in 
 1835, graduated in the class of '37-8, under Drs. 
 Alexander and Miller. After leaving the semi- 
 nary, was called, accepted and settled over the
 
 640 
 
 HISTORY OF IJENKEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 first dinreh at Amstei-flam. Xew York, in 1839, 
 remaining there for abont one year, wlien lie 
 received a call from Ballston Springs, w here lie 
 remained for nearly four years, from tlience to 
 tlie First clmrch in Xew Albany. Indiana, where 
 he ministered to them for about four years; from 
 that charge to the care of the Theological Semi- 
 nary, where lie remained until the spring of 1853, 
 when he again went to Europe, going as far as 
 Italy, with his wife, who is a daughter of Asa 
 Mann, of New Albany. Indiana. On his second 
 return from the Old World, was called to the 
 charge of the First Fresbyterian Church of Cam- 
 den, New Jersey, ministering to them until 1861. 
 From Camden went to Johnstown. New York, 
 remaining there until 1869. "\Vliile in Johnstown 
 his efforts were marked with success exceeding 
 the expectations of his most sanguine admirers. 
 Finding the church somewhat disrupted, in debt, 
 without an organ, and no income; leaving it 
 united, with one of Hook's best organs, out of 
 debt, and with an income of five thousand dollars. 
 The one ever-to-be remembered day in the his- 
 tory of this church was when on that day he 
 took into the church one hundred and fifty mem- 
 bers, one hundred and thirty of them being on 
 profession of faith; a large number of them be- 
 tween the ages of fifty and seventy. 'When in 
 Camden, found the church on the mission board, 
 raised it to a self-sustaining church, besides send- 
 ing out a colony, which became self-sustaining, 
 building a new and elegant church, and is the 
 second church in Camden. From Johnstown 
 again to Xew Albany, where he preached in the 
 pulpit of the Second church for two years. In 
 1871 came to Minnesota on account of a serious 
 trouble with his eyes, expecting to remain but 
 for a brief time; was invited while here to 
 supply the Andrew church which he con- 
 sented to do. and remained with them for two 
 years, when he came to the West Side, June 
 1st, 1875. as stated supply, where he has re- 
 mained up to the present time. His first wife 
 was the daughter of Peter "\'ain. merchant, of 
 Albany, New York, with whom he lived for 
 about six years, having one daughter, now the 
 wife of cashier Harris of the Xortlnvestern 
 bank, and one son by the present wife, J. C. 
 Stewart, now with the Monitor Plow Works. 
 Walter M. Stewart died at twenty-four years of 
 
 age, after finishing his studies for the profession 
 of medicine. 
 
 Levi M. Stewart is a native of Maine; received 
 there an academic education, and afterward grad- 
 uated from Dartmouth college: is also a graduate 
 of the law school at Cambridge. After practicing 
 law tucceff-fully fcr a time in his native state he 
 came West, and has been a resident of this city 
 since 1856. His oflice is at the corner of Wash- 
 ington and Nicollet Avenues. 
 
 C. F. Stimson was born April 19th, 1822, in 
 York county, Maine. He was in the lumber 
 business at Washington, Mauie, four years; in 
 June, 1848, removed to Stillwater, and the same 
 year to St. Anthony, being engaged in lumbering 
 most of the time until 1879. He. hi company 
 with William Simpson and A. Eogers, built the 
 mill now owned by Farnham and Lovejoy, also 
 the building now occupied as a paper-mill. Mr. 
 Stimson served one year as treasurer of Ramsey 
 county, while St. Anthony was in that county. 
 He moved to his farm near Elk River in 1879. 
 His marriage with Olive Estes occurred in 1850. 
 Children: Albert, EUa, WUliam and one who 
 died in infancy. 
 
 E. H. Stockton, M. D., was bom October 4tti, 
 1827, in Bucks county, Pennsylvania. Attended 
 school at Trenton, New Jersey, and studied med- 
 icine at Philadelphia. In 1849 he attended two 
 courses of lectures at the Ohio ;Medical College 
 of Cincinnati. Followed his profession in Ohio 
 and Indiana imtil 1865; since that time he has 
 been in practice at Minneapolis. In 1869 he was 
 made a member of the State Medical Society, 
 and is one of the city board of health. Dr. 
 Stockton married, in 1871, Miss Rose Wilson of 
 Indiana. 
 
 Alvin Stone was born in Salmon Falls, New 
 Hampshire, October 13th, 1825. In 1848 made 
 an extended tour in the South: returned the next 
 year, and in 1850 came to ^linneapolis. His 
 principal occupation has been painting; he has 
 been a member of several different firms, and has 
 done a very large business by contracts. In Sep- 
 tember, 1851, Mr. Stone returned to his native 
 state; the following March married Elisabeth 
 Goodwin, at Lowell. Massachusetts, and at once 
 came West. They have had seven children; 
 those living are Hattie and Harris. 
 
 E. E. Strothmau, a native of Milwaukee, Wis-
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL. 
 
 641 
 
 cousin, was born August IStb, 1845. Learned 
 the machinist's trade at tlie Bay State Iron 
 Works, and after serving his apprenticeship re- 
 mained with tlie firm four years. In 1867, in 
 company with his brother, lie commenced manu- 
 facturing steam engines, but in 1870 he came to 
 this city and was with the Xorth Star Iron 
 Works until he started his present business. His 
 wife was Etta Banker, whom he married in 1868, 
 at Milwaukee. They have two children, Clarence 
 and Ilerberd. 
 
 J. r. Stranahan was born July 18th, 1854, at 
 Bunker Hill, ilichigan. In 1856, accompanied 
 his parents to Minnesota and located in Goodhue 
 county. At the early age of fourteen he com- 
 menced learnuig carpentering; went to Xorth- 
 fleld in 1870 and two years later removed to St. 
 Paul, where he assisted in building S. Mayall's 
 block. Dr. Dewey's residence, and several other 
 fine buildings. Since 1879, has lived in Minne- 
 apolis. He married Jerusha Hamilton in 1877. 
 They have one child, Winnie. 
 
 J. II. Strothman, a native of Wisconsin, was 
 born August 18th, 1845. at Milwaukee. Attended 
 school there, and served an apprenticeship as 
 machinist in the Bayfield Iron Works. In 1869, 
 came here, and was at the North Star Iron Works 
 until 1872; since that time he has been in the em- 
 ploy of O. A. Pray and Company as foreman. 
 Was married m March, 1872. Of their four chil- 
 dren, Morris only, survives; Nellie, Jemiie and 
 an infant liave passed away. 
 
 Daniel Sullivan, a native of Maine, was born 
 in 1847. He came to Minnesota in 1878, and lo- 
 cated at Minneapolis. His place of business is 
 No. 13, First street north. 
 
 Elmer H. Sumner, bom at Bangor, Maine, 
 January 3d, 1853. Came to this city in 1877 and 
 engaged in lumbering during the winter months. 
 Kept a restaurant two years on Nicollet Avenue, 
 and since August 1880. has been in the same busi- 
 ness at No. 1, First street north; his wife has the 
 management of the restaurant in his absence. 
 Mr. Sumner married Mary Fay in 1872. They 
 have one son, Eugene. 
 
 Byron Sutherland, born July 15th, 1846, in 
 Westfield, New York. Moved to Pennsylvania 
 and enlisted in 1862; he was wounded at Spott- 
 sylvania in 1864, and the next year was transfer- 
 red to the veteran reserve corps on account of 
 41 
 
 disability; in July 1865, he was honorably dis- 
 charged. He attended school in Pennsylvania 
 until 1870, and then read law at Jamestown, 
 New York. In tlie fall of 1872, taught in Penn- 
 sylvania, and the same year was elected superin- 
 tendent of schools in Warren county; he contin- 
 ued reading law and was admitted to the bar in 
 1875; the next year, removed to Minneapolis; his 
 oflSce is at 201 Nicollet Avenue. He married in 
 1877, Sarah Brown; she has borne him one son, 
 Renne. 
 
 George Sverdrup was born in the western part 
 of Norway. December 16th, 1848. He attended 
 school at Christiana from 1862 to 1865, when he 
 entered the University in the city of Christiana. 
 During 1870, he traveled through Italy and Ger- 
 many, and in 1871, passed theological examina- 
 tion at the University. The year 1873, he spent 
 in Paris, in the study of the Semitic languages, 
 Assyrian antiquities and other sciences con- 
 nected with the study of the old testament. In 
 1874, he received a call from this conference since 
 which time he has been closely identified with 
 the history of Augsburg Seminary. 
 
 W. D. Sutton, a native of Louisville, Kentucky, 
 was born in 1837. Enlisted in 1861 and served 
 three years. In 1864 he went to Chicago and fol- 
 lowed his business of contracting and building 
 for seven years, tlien after a short residence at St. 
 Louis removed to Memphis, and three years later 
 to Iowa. In 1875 went to AV^right county, Min- 
 nesota, and bougiit the farm he still owns. In 
 October, 18S0, he came here to work at his trade. 
 His marriage with ilartha Lawson occurred in 
 in 1865. They have one child, Minnehaha. 
 
 N. P. Svvaiiberg, a native of Sweden, was horn 
 in 1838. Emigrated to America in 1869, and lo- 
 cated at Hastings, Minnesota, and engaged in 
 carriage making. In 1870, removed to this city 
 and after working about three years for different 
 parties established the Minneapolis carriage works 
 at 605 Third street south. 
 
 Peter P. Swensen, born in Sweden, February 
 10th, 1844. When ten years of age came to 
 America with his parents and lived on a farm in 
 Minnesota until 1861, when he enlisted, but was 
 rejected because of being under age ; he then 
 went to Dubuque, Iowa, enlisted in the regular 
 army and served three years. He then went to 
 Tennessee and engaged in the grocery business ;
 
 642 
 
 HTSTORY OF HEXXEPIK COUXTY. 
 
 afterward removed to Cincinnati, where lie owned 
 an interest in aplaning mill. In 1869, afteratwo 
 years residenre in St. Louis, came here ; his prin- 
 cipal occupation since has been salesman. In 
 1871 he married Annie Johnson. Tlieii' children 
 are: Charles. Harry and Bertha. 
 
 O. T. Swett. born at Limerick. Maine. Septem- 
 ber 27th. 1?32. For a time was emi)loyed as 
 salesman by a grocery firm at Cambridge, Massa- 
 chusetts. In the spring of 1S56 he came to St. 
 Anthony and engaged with Hayes and Stimson 
 in their meat market ; the next year he made two 
 trips to Galena. Illinois, to purchase groceries and 
 provisions, but met with an accident which disa- 
 bled him for nearly one year. In 1857. after the 
 fire on Iilain street, he, E. Hayes, and Charles 
 Straw started a general store, having purchased 
 the remainder of a stock of dry goods and gro- 
 ceries from Carpenter and Andrews, who suffered 
 from the fire. Mr. Swett has been alone in the 
 liusiness since lf-62; in 1877 he disposed of the 
 groceries and has since handled dry goods, no- 
 tions and gents' furnishing goods. He was alder- 
 man from 1859 till 1861. Married in 1858. Sarah 
 Hayes, who has borne him two children: Ella 
 and Arthur. Mr. Swett has been in the dry 
 goods business continuously in this city longer 
 than any individual or firm. 
 
 Joseph Swick was born ^larch 5th, 1825, in 
 Germany. AVas educated in his native countrj-, 
 came to America in 1851, and located in New 
 York: removed to Connecticut and worked at his 
 trade of cabinet-making. In 1855 he came to St. 
 Anthony and worked in L. Johnson's furniture 
 manufactory until they sold to Barnard and Com- 
 pany. He lost two fingers by a circular saw. but 
 as soon as he was able to work, went into the 
 same shop and remained seventeen years with the 
 latter firm. From 1857 to 1861. his wages were 
 one dollar per day, and during that time he did 
 not receive a dollar in money, being paid with 
 orders on stores. Since leaving that business he 
 has been farming. He married Christiana Frost, 
 in 1851. Their children are Joseph, Annie, Will- 
 iam, Sarah and Charles. Three are married and 
 all live near the old homestead. 
 
 E. T. Sykes, a native of I'.xbridge. Massachu- 
 setts, was born October 12th, 1850, When a child 
 he moved to Melville, and there received his edu- 
 cation. He was in business eight years at Walt- 
 
 ham, then in 1879. came to this city and engaged 
 in plumbing and gas fitting. At first he required 
 the services of only three men, but his business 
 has grown to such proportions that he now em- 
 ploys twenty-five. The firm name is Sykes and 
 Andrews; Xo. 256 Hennepin Avenue. 
 
 CHAPTER LXXXIIl. 
 
 BIOGR.VrniCAL, T, r .\XD V. 
 
 J. W. Tamm was boni at Logansport, Indiana, 
 in 1848. Learned milling at ^Maumee City. Ohio. 
 In 1872 he became a resident of Minneapolis and 
 engaged in the Arctic mill; he had charge of that 
 mill for six years. X'ext he was employed in the 
 Pliwuix. and has superintended it since. He 
 was married iu 1875 to Miss Alice Isenberger of 
 Logansport. 
 
 Melvin C. Tate was bom at Peekskill, New 
 York, February 1st. 1851. Went to Duluth. Min- 
 nesota, in 1871; remained three yeare working in 
 a general merchandise store, also a short time in 
 a hotel. In 1874 he came to St. Paul, the next 
 year locating in Minneapolis. In October, 1880, 
 in company with Mr. Boardman, he opened a res- 
 taurant at 214 Xicollet Avenue. He was married 
 in 1875 to Theresa Windolph. who has borne 
 him three children. Laura is the only one li\ing. 
 
 A. B. Taylor, a resident of Minneapolis, came 
 from Xew York four yeai's since. Is a wholesale 
 dealer in grain, and is the first and only man here 
 who makes a specialty of wholesale dealing. 
 Previous to starting in business in 1879 he bought 
 wheat for the Millers' Association. Office over 
 Security Bank. 
 
 B. L. Taylor. D. D. S., 214 Xicollet Avenue, 
 was born at Westchester, Pennsylvania, in 1832, 
 Received the principal part of his education in 
 his native place. He came to Chicago in 1856, 
 and two yeare later to Minneapolis. He grad- 
 uated fron the Pennsylvania Dental College at 
 Pliiladelphia in 1869, and has since been in den- 
 tal practice in this city. He was married in 1866 
 to Harriet Hurlbut, of Little Falls. Xew York.
 
 BIOGBArniCAL. 
 
 643 
 
 Alice and Henry are their cliildren. Besidence 
 620 Fifth street south. 
 
 F. C. Taylor was bom in Lewis county, New 
 York, October 12th, 1846. There he received his 
 early education and training. He located in Min- 
 neapolis, December, 1871, and was employed as 
 clerk in a grocery store until 1876, when he 
 started in the same line for himself and has 
 since been doing a prosperous business. He was 
 married in 1870 to Mary IIinton,of Lewis county. 
 New York, ^hey have two children, Charlotte 
 A. and Frank G. 
 
 C. E. Tenant was born at Lisbon, Lawrence 
 county. New York, in 1845. At the age of nine 
 years, he accompanied his parents to Wisconsin. 
 He resided in that state until 1878, removing in 
 the spring of that year to Red Wing, Minnesota. 
 He remained one summer, then remoj-ed to Still- 
 water, where he resided until his coming to Min- 
 neapolis in 1880. He joined the Henntp'n County 
 Barrel Company the same year. In 1833, he en- 
 listed in the Thirty-second Wisconsin, under Col. 
 De Great, and served mitil the close of the war. 
 Resides at 412 Twelfth Avenue south. 
 
 G. H. Tennant was born in St. Lawrence coun- 
 ty. New York, 1847. Came to Minneapolis in 
 1867 and for three years was engaged in manu- 
 facturing shingles, with Bassett one year and 
 with Morrison Brothers two years. He was tlien 
 in St. Louis one and one-half years in the manu- 
 facture of eave-troughs. On retin-ning he entered 
 into partnership with Witbeck, Potter and Com- 
 pany in a planing mill and box factory and two 
 years after added the manufacture of sash, doors 
 aud blinds. In 1875 the Arm dissolved. Mr. 
 Eldred then became proprietor of the planing 
 mill, which ilr. Tennant superintended for him 
 two years. In 1875, in company with Mr. Rus- 
 sell, built the East Side planing mill. He was 
 married to Elizabeth Blackney, in 1870. Their 
 children are: William S. and Grace. 
 
 Johannes Temstedt was born in Westmand- 
 land, Sweden, June 22d, 1847. After finishing 
 his theolorical studies at the Lyceum, at Stock- 
 holm, he came to America in August, 1875. Af- 
 ter remaining in New York until the following 
 summer, he was ordained at Jamestown, New 
 York, on the 2oth of June, 1876. Thence com- 
 ing west to Illinois, he presided over cliurches at 
 Batavia, Bethlehem and Aurora for about two 
 
 years. July 20th, 1878, he removed to Minneap- 
 olis, and has since presided over Augustana and 
 Bethlehem churches. 
 
 Andrew Tharalson was born in Norway. Jan- 
 uary 9th, 1846. Here he passed his youth and 
 acquired a knowledge of cabinet making. He 
 emigrated to America in lS66,settlingat Cliicago, 
 Illinois, where he worked at his trade imtil 1869. 
 He then removed to Minneapolis, following his 
 trade until 1870. when he started in the grocery 
 business whicli has been growing rapidly. He 
 was elected to the state legislature of Minnesota, 
 in 1878, and re-elected in 1880. His marriage 
 with Tirja Tentz took place in 1868, in Norway 
 Their children are: Taly, Emma, Edward, Con 
 rad and Amalie. 
 
 Charles Tlieilen is a native of Prussia, born 
 June 5th, 1812. Received his education there and 
 served in the Prussian army three years. In 
 1853 he came to America, locating in Indiana, 
 thence to Chicago, and on to St. Anthony by 
 team. Was one of the early pioneers and en- 
 dured tlie hardships of frontier life. In 1859 he 
 purchased tlie lot where he now lives, and erected 
 a stone house which has since been his home. 
 He worked in saw mills for five years, after 
 which he engaged in mercantile business, contin- 
 uing until 1878. He then sold to his son, retiring 
 from active business life. Was married in Prus- 
 sia, 1837, to Miss Mary G. Schildgen, who bore 
 him eight children, four of whom are living : 
 Nicholas, Anna M., John and Annie. Mr. Thei- 
 len was a member of the city council in 1874-"75. 
 
 Louis Theobald is a native of Germany, born 
 in 1831. Came to the United Stated in 1851, re- 
 maining in New York nine months ; thence to 
 St. Louis where he resided about four years. In 
 1856 he removed to New Ulm. Minnesota, being 
 in the mercantile business twenty years; was also 
 engaged in a grist and saw mill. Located in 
 Minneapolis in 1874, and opened asaloon in 1880, 
 known as the Teutonia Hall. He was united in 
 marriage with Anna Meyer, in 1855. Sophia, 
 Bertha and Victor II. are their children. 
 
 B. Thibodeau was born in Aroostook county, 
 Maine, in 1846. Here he remained until 1864, 
 then went to Bangor where he learned the trade 
 of slioemaker, and worked at it in various places 
 throughout the country. He removed to Minne- 
 apolis in 1878 and after a short period he resumed
 
 644 
 
 lIlSTOnV OF UESXEFIN COUXTY. 
 
 his trade and also made boot and shoe pacs for 
 a firm at St. Paul. In April, 1880, he opened an 
 establishment of his own for the special purpose 
 of manufacturing boot and shoe pacs. ilarried 
 in ISVl to Mary Poirie, of Xova Scotia, who has 
 borne him five children, three living: John, Clara 
 and Joseph. 
 
 Anthony Thomley was born in Xorway, 1838. 
 Came to the United States in 1851. lie went to 
 AVisconsin, where he remained six years, with the 
 exception of a few months passed in 2ilinnesota. 
 In 1862 returned to his native country, remaining 
 eight years. He then came to the United States, 
 locating at La Crosse, Wisconsin, remaining also 
 a short time at Eau Claire. In 1879 he became a 
 resident of Minneapolis and opened a saloon at 
 223 Washington Avenue south. He married 
 Mart' Johnson of Eau Chiire, in 1S74. Ira A., 
 and Amiie are their children. 
 
 E. P. Thompson was born at Lowell, Massa- 
 chusetts, in 1849. Moved to Zumbrota, Munie- 
 sota, in 1865, and in 1869 went to St. Paul to learn 
 the jeweler's trade and remabied until coming to 
 Minneapolis in 1872. He began in that business 
 soon after his arrival and has since continued, 
 having a tlu-iving trade. Located at 105 Wash- 
 ington Avenue south. He married Lizzie C. 
 Hall in 1876. Lottie M. and Clara L. are their 
 children. 
 
 John Thompson was born in 1832, and is a na- 
 tive of Canada. He moved to Milwaukee, re- 
 maining one and one-half years: thence to New 
 Lisbon, Wisconsin, where he remained four years. 
 In 1873 he located at Minneapolis, and five years 
 later joined the Co-operative Barrel Company, 
 and has remained with them since. Is a cooper 
 and has followed his trade twenty-eight years. 
 He was united in marriage, in 18-54, to Miss 
 Maria Powers. They are parents of six children. 
 Ki'sidence, 1407 Fourth street south. 
 
 John Thompson, a resident of Minneapolis, is 
 a native of Norway, boni in 1843. Learned the 
 trade of ship-carpenter in his native country, and 
 in 1865 came to America. For seven years he 
 resided at LaCrosse, Wisconsm, being employed 
 in Davidson's ship-yards, two years, and was in 
 the saloon business five years. He removed to 
 Minneapolis in 1872, and has since been engaged 
 in the saloon business. He was married to Miss 
 LeLa Johnson in 1&74. 
 
 J. H. Thompson was born in York county, 
 Maine, August 17th, 1834. Learned the tailor's 
 trade at North Bridgeton, after which he re- 
 moved to Augusta, thence to Minneapolis in 1857. 
 He has been continuously in business in this city 
 since. He was married in this city to Mi.ss Ellen 
 M. Gould of Minneapolis, in 1880. They have 
 had three cliildren: Mattie C, William G., and 
 Nellie H. Resides 613 Hennepin Avenue. 
 
 J. M. Thompson was born at Brooklyn, Min- 
 nesota, October 4th, 1859. He passed his early 
 boy-hood on a farm with his parents, then en- 
 tered the Minneapolis Mill, in the employ of 
 Crocker, Fisk and Company. He learned the 
 miller's trade, and has been engaged with the 
 firm since. 
 
 K. B. Thompson was born in Kane county, 
 Illinois, in 1$49. He cams to Minneapolis in 1865, 
 and was with CapUvin Rollins four years. He 
 attended the University one and one-half years. 
 Through the influence of Captain Rollins he 
 he secured a situation with H. J. Taylor of St. 
 Paul, in the lumber business, and remained with 
 him five years. He then returned to this city 
 and engaged with Merriman and Company, which 
 firm still retains his sen'ices. Married Miss 
 Gussie Ringer in 1875. They have one child: 
 Artlnir. 
 
 T. Thompson is a native of Norway, bom in 
 1853. Came to the United States in 1866, lo- 
 cating at Empire, Minnesota, remaining three 
 years; thence to Mmneapolis. Three yeare later 
 he went to Chicago, and the next year returned 
 to his native country. In 1878 he again became 
 a resident of Minneapolis dealing in flour and 
 feed at 926 First Avenue south. His wife was 
 Annie M. Oleson, wliom he married in ISSO. 
 
 Isaiah Tidd was born March 14th, 1827, at 
 Passadumkeag, Penobscot county, ilaine. En- 
 gaged in lumbering there until 1851; lie then 
 came to St. Anthony, and in the fall of 1852 went 
 up the Rum river exploring for Blaisdell and 
 Jackins. He was lumbering for them three 
 years, and was with a brother in business seven 
 years. He joined the North Star BaiTel Company 
 in 1879. and in 1880 bought into the East Side 
 Co-operative Company as a cooper. He was 
 united in marriage to Miss Hannah Fleatliam, a 
 native of New York. August 13th, 1854. This 
 was the first marriage in Minneapolis township.
 
 BIOGBAPHICAL. 
 
 64) 
 
 Tliey have two childien: Etta JNIaj' and William 
 R. 
 
 J. B. Tinkelpaugli is a native of Luzerne coun- 
 ty, Pennsylvania, bom in 1827. His early years 
 were passed in meclianical pursuits, in the states 
 of New York and Indiana. He came to Minne- 
 apolis in 1857, and as a mechanic was engaged in 
 the erection of some of the first buildings in this 
 city and Anoka. In 1863, removed to Mich- 
 igan, and three years later went to Bates county, 
 Missouri, where he resided eight years. In 
 1877, returned to this city, and has since been 
 manufacturing confectionery in East Minneapolis. 
 
 Felix Tissot was bom December 21st, 1834, in 
 Lyons, France, in which city he was partially ed- 
 ucated. In 1854, he came to America, and after 
 a brief visit to St. Anthony, repaired to the Bar- 
 rens, St. Mary's College Mission, where he com- 
 pleted his theological education, and on the 
 fifteenth of August, 1858, was ordained at Du- 
 buque, Iowa, after which he was stationed at 
 Wabasha in charge of all the parishes in Waba- 
 sha and Goodhue counties until his removal to 
 Minneapolis in 1866. 
 
 E. M. Titterud was bom in Norway, January 
 17th, 1833. Ijearned the shoemaker's trade in 
 his native country, and in 1866. came to the 
 United States. Settled in Minneapolis, and after 
 being a journeyman for Dillingham and Veazie a 
 short time, he started a shop of his own in which 
 he still continues at 1110 Washington Avenue 
 south. He was married in 1866 to Miss O. B. 
 Berg, a native of Norway. They have had eight 
 children, five now living. 
 
 O. II. Titus was born in Onondaga county, 
 New York, Febi-uaiy 10th, 1849. He came to 
 Afton, Minnesota, in 1865 and remained one year 
 and returned to New York. In April 1871 , came to 
 Minneapolis, and was with the Pillsburys eight 
 months; then was with G. II. Christian in the 
 Washliurn B mill one year; tlience to Chicago 
 where he ran the State mill one year. Was also 
 engaged in milling in otlier places and returned 
 to this city in 1878. He was employed in the 
 Zenith mill three months, then entered tlie Pettit 
 mill where he has since remained as stone-dresser. 
 He maried Emma Lamson, November 17tli, 
 1872. Albert II. and Carrie, are the children. 
 
 Julius C. Todd was born in Alaliama. Sep- 
 tember 30tli, 1847. He is of African descent 
 
 and was a slave in the south until released by 
 President Abraham Lincoln's proclamation. In 
 1864 he came north to Minneapolis, where he has 
 since resided. He is now doing a prosperous 
 business as an expressman. 
 
 R. C. Todd was born at Wilkesbarre, Pennsyl- 
 vania, December 24th, 1818. He became familiar 
 with the mason's trade at Newark, New Jersey, 
 in 1833, and commenced business as a contractor 
 in 1847, which he still follows. Was a resident 
 of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, seven years, removing 
 to Madison; thence to Red Wing, Minnesota. 
 Located at Minneapolis in 1870, and has superin- 
 tended the erection of nearly all the principal 
 buildings in the city which have been erected 
 since his coming. Some of them are: Harden- 
 bergli mill. First Natiojial Bank, Warner's block, 
 Harrison's block and others. He was united in 
 marriage in 1841, to Miss Maiy J. Agens, of 
 Plainfield New Jersey. 
 
 A. Tollefson is a native of Norway, born Feb- 
 ruary 3d, 1837. At the age of fourteen he learned 
 carpentering, and has followed it since. He came 
 to America in 1861, locating at Lansing, Iowa. 
 He built thirteen churches at and near that town. 
 In partnership with his brother, dealt in lumber 
 in connection with his trade, from 187-2 until 1878. 
 He removed to Minneapolis in 1878, and has since 
 been doing a fine Ijusiness as contractor and 
 builder. Married Miss B. Knutson, of Norway, 
 in 1860, who has borne him three sons and three 
 daughters. Residence, 900 Fourteenth Avenue 
 south. 
 
 L. Toscany, proprietor of the Quebec House, 
 is a native of France, born in 1842, and came to 
 the United States at two years of age. In 1874, 
 removed to Minneapolis from Bay City. Michi- 
 gan, where he liad resided fifteen years in the ho- 
 tel business. He has been proprietor of the 
 Quebec House since May 15th, 1880. It is lo- 
 cated at 228 First street north. 
 
 L. M. Towne was born in Kent county Michi- 
 gan, July 17th, 1857. Became a resident of La 
 Crosse in 1865 w'here he remained until coming to 
 JMiuueaiiolis in 1S74. Worked for the North- 
 western Telegraph Companv until December, 
 1879, when he bouglit stock in tlie Telephone 
 Company, and was first treasiu-er, wliich position 
 he held till tlie election of Mr. C. II. Prior. Mr. 
 Towne is at present, auditor of the company.
 
 646 
 
 lUSTOBY OF EEKKEPIK COVA'TY. 
 
 Giistaf Edward Tornovist was bom in \Vester- 
 gotland. Sweden, Xovember 27tli, 1850. Attend- 
 ed the Lyceum at Stockholm, where he studied 
 theology. Came to America in August, 1877, 
 and went to California as a missionary to the 
 Scandinavians. In 1870 returned to Chicago, was 
 ordained and went back to San Francisco, where 
 he remained until August, 1880. He then re- 
 ceived a call from the congregation at Minneapo- 
 lis, and at once took cliarge. 
 
 F. E. Towers, 31. D., was bom at Richmond, 
 Vermont, March 6th. 18-51. He was educated at 
 Barre, Vermont, graduating from the Goddard 
 University at that place in 1872. He studied 
 medicine at Burlington '\'eterinary Medical Col- 
 lege and graduated from the State University of 
 Xew York with the degree of medical doctor. 
 After graduating he studied one year with Pro- 
 fessor A. D. Loomis, M. D., taking a special 
 course in physical diagnosis. He practiced in 
 Corry, Pennsylvania, four and one-half, years, 
 coming to ilinntapolis in May, 1880, where he 
 has since practiced. Located 1119 Washington 
 Avenue north. 
 
 S. I. Towers was born at Richmond. Vermont, 
 September 11th, 1853. After receiving a liberal 
 education in his native town he went to Xew 
 York city in 1874, where he worked one year. He 
 then went to Xew Jersey, being engaged in the 
 drug business. In 1877 he went to Xew Orleans 
 and after a short stay retumed to his old home, 
 remaining imtil 1880. He located in Minneapo- 
 lis iu June of the same year and started m the 
 boot and shoe trade, at 1119 'Washington Avenue 
 south. 
 
 O. V. Tousley, superintendent of public schools 
 in Minneapolis, was born at Clarendon, Orleans 
 county, Xew York, March 11th, 1834. He was 
 educated at the common school, Albion Academy, 
 two years at Oberlin. Ohio, and at Williams Col- 
 lege where he graduated in 1854. 'While in col- 
 lege he studied law, and after graduation went to 
 Albany. Xew York, into the office of Hill. Cag- 
 ger and Porter. Soon after was admitted to the 
 bar and spent some time reading law, history, and 
 in general study in the state library. The next 
 three years he spent settling up the estate of 
 his father who had died a number of years before. 
 His mother died when he was thirteen years of age. 
 In 1857, he came west, stopping for a time in Illi- 1 
 
 nois and Iowa. He invested his patrimony in 
 such chamiels as to turn his attention from law to 
 teaching, and went to Tennessee where he taught 
 t\vo years. When war was breaking out he came 
 to Indiana, and at Xew Albany taught in Tous- 
 ley "s Academy for ten years. In 1869 he came 
 to Minneapolis and entered the office of Judge 
 Atwater, remaining about six months when he 
 was called to take charge of the high school, and 
 in 1871, was appointed superintendent of the city 
 schools to take the place of Professor Hiskey, 
 deceased. Since that time he has continued to 
 raise the standard of the schools, until now 
 Minneapolis has one of the finest systems of 
 schools in the United States. Professor Tousley 
 was married in 1858 to Miss Susan S. Toll. 
 
 G. B. Townsend was bom at Jay, Maine, May 
 2d, 1845. He lived with his parents on the farm 
 until sixteen, then went to Massachusetts and 
 worked one season on a farm and retumed. 
 In 1864, enlisted in the Thirty-first Maine. Re- 
 ceived his discharge at the end of eighteen 
 months, having participated in many of the hard- 
 est fought battles of the war. He returned home, 
 and the next year went to Portland, Maine, and 
 attended the Bryant and Stratton Business Col- 
 lege. In 1877, located at Minneapolis, engaging 
 in different occupations for one year, then was 
 employed by C. A. Pillsburj. His position at 
 the Excelsior mill is that of shipping clerk and 
 salesman. 
 
 C. W. Tracy was born in Windsor coimty, Ver- 
 mont, in June, 1847. Remained there mitil the 
 age of fifteen, then went to Xew York city and 
 engaged iu the produce, commission and whole- 
 sale grocery business for four years. He then 
 removed to Green Bay. Wisconsin, and remained 
 in grain speculations until coming to Minneapo- 
 lis in 1876. In the fall of that year entered the 
 Millere" Association. In January. 1880. took 
 charge of "Elevator A"" for the Minneapolis Ele- 
 vator Company, and has since held the position 
 of superintendent. He was married in May, 
 1871, to Miss Mary E. Durkee of Vermont. 
 Their children are Martha, Sherman and Min- 
 nie Lee. 
 
 August Traeger is a native of Prussia, bom 
 August 4th, 1821. Came to the United States in 
 1852, and worked at tin-smithing in Ohio three 
 years; then removed to Fort Wayne, Indiana,
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL. 
 
 647 
 
 thence to Decatur, wliere he attended to hard- 
 ware business until coming to Minneapolis in 
 1866. He began the manufacture of eaves- 
 troughs; also sold lightning-rods tliroughout 
 the country. Since 1879 has been proprietor of 
 a billiard hall and sample room. lie was mar- 
 to Mary Briske. Their children are Emma A., 
 Maria L., August C, Tlieresa J., Wilhelm F., 
 Bertha C. Louise P., Charles J. and Adolph G. 
 
 James A. Tyler was born at Maehias. Maine, 
 in 1851. Came to Minneapolis in the sjiring of 
 1872, and learned the carpenter's trade; has since 
 continued in that business. He married Miss 
 Ella L. Wilkins, of Middletown, Massachusetts, 
 in 1879. Residence, 216 Twentieth street north. 
 H. M. Leighton, his partner, is also a native of 
 Maine. Tliey are doing an extensive business 
 as contractors and builders. Office and shop lo- 
 cated on Fifth street between Sixth and Seventh 
 Avenues south. 
 
 T. S. Tyler was born in 1837 in New York 
 city. In early life he moved with his parents to 
 Michigan. He has traveled through many of the 
 states engaged in the coopering business. In 
 1876, removed to Minneapolis, and has lived liere 
 since that time. He is one of the directors of the 
 Co-operative Barrel Manufacturing Company. 
 
 A. Ueland, attorney, a native of Norway, 
 was born February 21st, 1853. He attended 
 school in his native country, came to America, 
 June 187 1 .and attended a course at Barnard's Busi- 
 ness college. Located at Miimeapolis and read law 
 with Judge II. Reynolds; was admitted totlie bar 
 in May 1877. He was married in this city to Miss 
 Anna Ohlhouse in 1879. Their union was brief; 
 she died in March 1H80. O. G. Ueland, his father, 
 was a member of tlie Norwegian Failianient from 
 1833 till the time of liis death, in 1870. 
 
 John Unsgaard is a native of Norway, born 
 January 14lh, 1841. On arriving in the United 
 States, located in Michigan, and dealt in lumber; 
 thence to Minnesota and worked on a farm two 
 years in Goodhue county. He became a resident 
 of Minneapolis in 1870, and for three years was 
 in the employ of L. Day and Sons in h:mbering, 
 then for four years worked for different boot and 
 shoe firms. March 20th, 1878. he opi-'ued the St. 
 Ji;mes restaurant at 122 Washington Avenue 
 soutli. He married Aniia Ilegstad in 1873, who 
 bore him one child, William. 
 
 Charles H. Upton, of the firm of Lockwood, 
 Upton and Company, was born in Maine, June, 
 1830. He learned the trade of machinist with 
 P. Muzzy at Bangor, Maine. He worked one 
 year in Boston, and came to Minneapolis in the 
 spring of 1858. A shop was opened under the 
 firm name of Scott and Morgan, which was 
 burned in 1862. Went to Montana and remained 
 two years, returning to tliis city at that time. He 
 was foreman of the St. Anthony Iron Works un- 
 til 1879, after wliich he became a member of the 
 jnesent flrm. He was married iii 1857 to Maria 
 Fenton. Their children are: Horace C, Harvey 
 L., Robert, George and Mabel. 
 
 Franklin il. Upham was born at Chelmsford, 
 Massachusetts, in 1846. Received his education 
 at Lowell commercial scliool. In 1866, went 
 to Arlighton, and engaged in the wholesale meat 
 and provision business; he remained about eleven 
 years, having a verv successful trade. He came 
 to Minneapolis in 1878 and purchased a building 
 site on the east side near the Chicago, Milwaukee 
 and St. Paul Short Line railway. He returned 
 to his native state and disposed of his property 
 there; on returning, he formed the company of 
 Upham, Wyman and Company, who built a large 
 refining house, and are now doing an extensive 
 business. At the age of twenty-one his sole 
 property consisted of one horse and wagon. His 
 business now amounts to §150,000 annually. Was 
 married to Miss Mary Lawrence, in 1874. They 
 have two children. Laura and Mary. 
 
 R. P. Upton was born at Uixmont, Penobscot 
 county, Maine. December 9tli. 1820. Came to St. 
 Antho]iy in June, 1850. and started a nursery 
 and iioultry-yard on Nicollet Island in tlie spring 
 of 1851; the summer following lie opened a gro- 
 cery on Main street. He conducted tlie mn-.sery 
 two years, and in 1853 added to his grocery a 
 general variety. The next year he went into 
 partnersliip with Rollins and Eastman in a flour- 
 ing mill, under tlie firm name of Roll ns, Upton 
 and Eastman. After three year's existence the 
 flrm changed; Upton and Brotlier owned one- 
 half interest in the mill. In 1858, removed to 
 Kingston, Meeker county, anil ran a mill four 
 years. During the Indian outl)ieak lie built a 
 stockade around his mill, and continu'd to run it. 
 In 1862 he returned to Minneapolis, and tlie next 
 year took a trip to Nevada, remaining live years.
 
 648 
 
 HISTORY OF IIENhEPlN COUNTY. 
 
 tlien returned to this city. He was agent for the 
 Millers' Association one year, in the employ of 
 the Northern Pacific railroad six months, then 
 started the Jliniieapolis Spice Mills in company 
 with T. Kay. In 1872 sold out to jSIr. Ray and 
 opened another called the Eureka Mills, and in 
 1880 moved the works to the Island. Mr. Upton 
 is one of the early pioneers. 
 
 Horatio Phillips Van Cleve, adjutant general of 
 Minnesota, was born at Princeton, New Jersey, 
 November2od, 1809. His paternal ancestors were 
 from Holland, while the maternal were from Great 
 Britain. He was a student at Princeton College, 
 and left that institution to accept a cadetship at 
 West Point, from which school he graduated in 
 1831, receiving a commission as second lieutenant 
 in the Fifth United States Infantry, July 1st of 
 that year. In September, 1886, he resigned his 
 commission and removed to Michigan, where he 
 engaged in the more peaceable pursuit of civil 
 engineering, farming, etc. In 1856 he located at 
 Long Prairie, Minnesota, and turned his atten- 
 tion to stock raising. At the breaking out of 
 the rebellion he tendered his services to his 
 country. The governor of Minnesota gave him the 
 command of the Second Minnesota regiment, 
 in July 1861, which he conducted bravely through 
 all the conflicts in which they engaged until 
 March, 1862, when he was promoted brigadier 
 general. While commanding his division at the 
 battle of Stone River, December 1st, 1862, he was 
 disabled by a wound and compelled to retire from 
 the field. Upon his recovery he resumed the 
 command of his di\ision. He was mustered out 
 in August, 1865, after four years of active and ef- 
 ficient service. On March 13th of the latter year 
 he was commissioned major general for "gallant 
 and meritorious service during the war." He 
 returned to Minnesota, where he was appointed 
 adjutant general in January, 1866. He was 
 commissioned postmaster at St. Anthony, March 
 3d, 1871, in which capacity he served until 
 1872, when St. Anthony being united to the city 
 of Minneapolis, that office was discontinued. He 
 was re-appointed adjutant general in 1876, which 
 position he still holds. On the field of battle Mr. 
 Van Cleve was a thorough soldier and as a civil 
 officer, is conscientious and faithful in the dis- 
 charge of every duty. He was married JMarch 22d, 
 1836, to Miss Charlotte Clark, daughter of Major 
 
 Nathan Clark, of the United States army. Their 
 union has been blessed viith twelve children, seven 
 of whom are living. Elizabeth A., who married 
 H. V. Hall and resides at Honolulu ; Horatio 
 Seymour, who married Miss Harriet Hemiup ; 
 Mortimer, who married Miss Sarah Adams of 
 Providence; Samuel Houston, Paul Ledyard, who 
 married Miss Alice Davis of Minneapolis ; John 
 Risley and Carl Ernest. Mrs. Van Cleve is a 
 lady of refinement and great force of character. 
 She was one of the original founders of the -'Sis- 
 terhood of Bethany." Since its formation she 
 has held the position of president, and through 
 her activity and zeal has enlisted the active sym- 
 pathy of a large community. She is one who is 
 heartily in sympathy with every undertaking 
 which tends to enlighten and elevate society. 
 
 Charlotte Ouisconsin Van Cleve is the daughter 
 of Nathan Clark, of Houston, Massachusetts, 
 and Charlotte A. Clark, of Hartford, Connecti- 
 cut. Her father was major of the Fifth Regiment 
 of United States Infantry. Early in the spring 
 of 1819 his regiment was ordered from near Buf- 
 falo, New York, to Fort Crawford (Prairie du- 
 Chien), at that time far beyond the limits of civi- 
 lization, and "almost out of the world." Mrs. 
 Clark, though in delicate health, with her little 
 son. accompanied him through the trackless and 
 unknown country, the journey being made in 
 government wagons, and the time consumed in 
 tiaveling from Buffalo to Fort Crawford, covering 
 two months. And here, on the banks of the Mis- 
 sissippi, in the rude frontier fort, less than one 
 hour after their arrival, little Charlotte, the sub- 
 ject of this sketch, first opened her eyes and 
 began the battle of life. Poor little girl, it looked 
 for a time as though the odds of the battle were 
 all against her; for what with a mother too feeble 
 to afford her proper nourishment, and not a cow 
 within possible reaching distance of them, she 
 was obliged to eke out a precarious existence on 
 a kind of manufactined pap, prepared from the 
 flour furnished by the government for the fort, 
 but which had been water-soaked in transporta- 
 tion, until the green mould stood three inches 
 deep around the sides of the barrel. But too 
 much work was in waiting for those little hands, 
 and so, in spite of privations and hardships, she 
 lived and prospered. 
 
 After a few weeks rest at Fort Crawford, tlie
 
 BIOGBAPHICAL. 
 
 649 
 
 regiment embarked on keel boats, and proceeded 
 up the Mississippi, their- destination being the 
 present site of Fort Snelling. This part of the 
 journey occupied six weeks. As they were the 
 pioneers they lived in their boats till they could 
 build better quarters. Cluirlotte''s life continued 
 to be tliat of a soldier's child in fort and camp 
 until her sixteenth year, when she lost her father, 
 Major Clark dying at fort Winnebago. Know- 
 ing that he must die, and feeling distressed at 
 the idea of leaving his young and lielpless family 
 alone, without any natural protector, so far from 
 kindred or friends, he begged that the engage- 
 ment between his young daiigliter, and one of 
 his officers, might be consummated by marriage 
 immediately after his death. And so Charlotte 
 Clark, not qidte sixteen years old, became the 
 wife of Horatio P. Van Cleve, ten years her sen- 
 ior. Thus early she took up the heavy burden 
 of work and care never to lay it down till she 
 lies down with it in her grave. 
 
 Since her marriage, her life has been filled with 
 varied experiences of change of home, long 
 journeys, "always with a baby in my arms," she 
 says, hard work as a frontier farmer's wife, sor- 
 row and joy. Since 1856 lier steady home has 
 been in Minnesota. Twelve children have been 
 bom to this hotisehold, three of whom died in 
 infancy. The oldest son was instantly killed, 
 some eighteen years since, in California. The 
 shock of this teiTible bereavement, added to 
 anxiety for her husband, tlien in the army, so 
 wrought upon nervous system as in a few months 
 to bleach lier hair to its present snowy whiteness 
 and seriously impair her liearing. 
 
 One daughter, the wife of Mortimer Thomp- 
 son (Doesticks), died leaving an infant only a 
 few days old, which her mother took to her 
 breast with her own child of the same age, nurs- 
 ing and rearing the two like twins. The remain- 
 ing daughter, the wife of II. V. Hall, lias lier 
 home in the Sandwicli Islands. Six grown sons 
 are settled in business, all living in Hennepin 
 county. 
 
 While her own children were yet young, she 
 felt called upon to add to her already large family, 
 which, from the first included a young sister left 
 homeless by her father's death, the six orphan 
 children of her brotlier. all of whom Iiave grown 
 up in her house, and taken their places in business 
 
 life. Later, another motherless infant girl was 
 brought home to her arms and care. This little 
 one, now six years old is still with her, so that 
 her busy life has included mother care of twenty- 
 one children. 
 
 Yet, filled to overflowing, as her hands, head 
 and heart have always lieen, of her own household 
 duties, she has foinid time to listen to and assist, 
 with sympathy, advice and material aid, an end- 
 less procession of sorrowing and distressed hu- 
 manity. There is proliably no woman in the 
 state who has done more to lighten the burdens 
 on the shoulders of the poor, the sick, the aged 
 and the distressed than Mrs. Van Cleve. Her 
 benevolence is of the active type which leads her 
 to tlirow herself heart and soul into each indi- 
 vidual case, nor is she easily turned aside by 
 discovering that tlie poverty or suffering which 
 she is called upon to relieve, is the result of the 
 bad management, intemperance or sin of the suf- 
 ferer. While glad to aid the Lord's poor, she has 
 great faith in the elevating and reformatory in- 
 fluence of kindness and encouragement on the 
 Devil's poor as well. The past is past; "if you will 
 help yourself I will help you," is the spirit in 
 which she meets all applicants. Keferring once 
 to her sympathy for tramps, and her efforts to aid 
 some of them, slie explained it by saying, "but 
 you know I came so near being born a tramp 
 myself." 
 
 This by no means covers her work. An easy 
 speaker, a ready writer, she has devoted a great 
 deal of her time and strength to the cause of 
 Foreign ISIissions. Slie has canvassed the state 
 with marked success for the past several years 
 lecturing and organizing Women's Foreign Mis- 
 sion societies, auxiliary to the Presbyterian so- 
 ciety, and holds the office of vice-president for 
 the synod of Minnesota, in connection witli that 
 denomination. 
 
 But, though after the straightest manner of her 
 sect, a Presbyterian, her views are broad and her 
 nature genial, so tliat slie joins hands readily 
 with christians of whatever name. Catholic or 
 Protestant in the prosecution of any good work. 
 She literally sows beside all waters, and so to-day 
 we find her sending her daughter or her beloved 
 Sunday-school scholar across the ocean on a for- 
 eign mission, and to-morrow traveling in hot 
 haste to bring the priest to minister to the dying
 
 650 
 
 HISTORY OF HUNNEPJN COUNIY. 
 
 child of lier poor washerwoman. Said the mother 
 superior of a convent to her not long ago : "I 
 do think we serve the same master and shall be 
 received into the same home at last." 
 
 But very particuarly Mrs. A'an Cleve has ever 
 been the champion of her se.x. Too tiue a wife, 
 and mother ever to lose sight of woman's best 
 and dearest rights she has still been a warm 
 advocate of her right to equality before the law, 
 including the ballot. When the right of suflrage 
 was extended to the women of the state on 
 the school question, it was her distinguished 
 privilege to cast her first ballot in company w itl> 
 her husband and four sons. She also did good 
 work for two years as member of the school 
 board for East Minneapolis. 
 
 Hut of all forms of the injustice of society to 
 women, none has so touched her heart and roused 
 her indignation as the remorseless punishment 
 visited upon the fallen woman. So strongly did 
 this impress her that she at last, after much 
 thought, determined to take upon herself as her 
 peculiar work, to do what one woman could, to 
 raise up and stand upon their feet, those of her 
 own sex, who through temptation or folly had 
 been beaten down to the ground in the unequal 
 battle of life. 
 
 Long she labored quietly and alone, reaching 
 out a helping hand here to a tempted and there 
 to a fallen one. But as she became more familiar 
 with the ways and wants of the class, she saw 
 that much more might be done by organized ef- 
 fort with others. Acting on this conviction she 
 brought together a band of working Christian 
 women who had faith in her and the work, and 
 together they rented a house and opened a home 
 for fallen women. They called themselves the 
 Sisterhood of Bethany, and their house Bethany 
 Home. 
 
 This was pvirely a work of faith, for at that 
 time the society had no money, no income, no 
 furniture, no supplies of any kind. Their or- 
 ganization was not understood l)y the public, the 
 work itself was from its very nature, ditticult to 
 make underetood. But Mrs. VanCleve never fal- 
 tered. For over five years she and her little band 
 have labored incessantly to put the Home on a 
 firm footing and give it a name and a place 
 among the recognized charities of the city. She 
 called upon the public for help, through the press, 
 
 from the platform and by personal appeal: cheer- 
 fully taking censure, ridicule or rebuff, having 
 that rare and happy faculty so necessary to suc- 
 cess, of always turning a deaf ear towards the 
 faultfinder, and the sharp, quick ear toward the 
 voice that offered aid. 
 
 This work has constantly called her to the jail, 
 the prison, the penitentiary, the varietj" theatre, 
 the low dark haunts of sin, to all of which she 
 has gone fearlessly and come away unharmed, 
 leaving behind her the perfume of the "good word 
 fitly spoken." 
 
 The lesson to be learned from Mrs. VanCleve 's 
 life is that neither wealth nor high station, nor a 
 life of freedom from the common cares incident 
 to the life of women, are necessary to the accom- 
 plishment of great good. But the cheerful smile, 
 the loving heart and the willing, industrious hand, 
 all dedicated to the service of God and humanity, 
 makes a power whose influence for good, like the 
 influence of the subject of this sketch, only an 
 eternity can measure. 
 
 S, II. Van Cleve, son of General Van Cleve, 
 was bom at Ann Arbor, Michigan, May 21st, 
 1853. Moved to Todd county, Minnesota, with 
 his parents, and thence to Minneapolis in 1S61. 
 Repassed five years on the Sandwich Islands, and 
 three years in the study of medicine. Attended 
 the schools of Minneapolis, the State University, 
 and graduated frt)ni the College of Physicians and 
 Surgeons at New York in .March, 1880. With 
 the exception of the eight years mentioned, he 
 lived in this city since eight years of age. 
 
 G. T. Vail was born inXew Brunswick in 1820. 
 Located in Miinieapolis in 1850, engaged in con- 
 tracting and building, and continued until 1867, 
 at which time he began in the undertaking busi- 
 ness. He still continues, and is the oldest estab- 
 lished exclusive undertaker in the city. The 
 changes in the firm are as follows: In 1869 the 
 firm of Curtis and ^'ail was established, succeed- 
 ed by G, T. Vail. In May. 1871, the present firm 
 of G. T. ^'ail and Comjiany was formed. Loca- 
 tion, 112 Washington Avenue south. 
 
 Ole Peterson Vangsnes was born in Sogn, Nor- 
 way, January 11th, 1855, He came to America 
 with his parents in 1863, and settled at Decorah, 
 Iowa, and soon after entered the Norwegian Col- 
 lege, Graduating at Uecorah in 1875. he went 
 to a German Luther;m seminary at St, Louis,
 
 BIOGBAPHICAL. 
 
 651 
 
 whence he graduated in 1S78, and at once received 
 a call from the congi-egation over wliich he novc 
 presides. 
 
 Cliarles E. Vanderburgli, judge of tlie fourth 
 judicial district, is a native of the Mohawk Val- 
 ley, New York, born at Clifton Park, Saratoga 
 county, December 2d, 1829. At tlie age of seven 
 years he accompanied his parents to Marcellus 
 and there attended district school winters and 
 worked on the farm summers, lie prepared liim- 
 self for college at the district; school and at 
 Homer, New York, by teaching in winter. He 
 entered the Sophomore year at Yale College in 
 1849 and graduated in the class of '52. lie then 
 took charge a» principal of the Oxford Academy, 
 Oxford, Chenango county, New York ; remained 
 in that position one year then commenced the 
 study of law. lie was admitted to the bar in 
 1855, and in the fall started west, reaclung Min- 
 neapolis the spring of 1856, and has since made 
 this city his home. On his arrival he entered into 
 partnership with Judge F. li. E. Cornell in the 
 practice of law, this firm continuing until 1859. 
 In the fall of that year he was elected judge of 
 this district which then embraced all the territory 
 west of the Mississippi river, from Fort Snelling 
 to the British Possessions. He was re-elected in 
 1S66, 1873 and 1880. In 1877 the legislature con- 
 solidated the district court and the court of com- 
 mon pleas and Judge Young was elected associ- 
 ate judge with Judge ^'anderburgh ; from 1859 
 tUl 1877 he was the sole judge of the district. He 
 married Miss Julia N. Mygatt, of Oxford, New 
 York, in 1857. She died in 1863 leaving two 
 children: AVilliam II, and Julia Mygatt. Tlie 
 latter died in 1871. His second wife was Miss 
 Anna Culbert; married in the spring of 1873. 
 They have one child, Isabella Mclntyre. 
 
 Milo Vanhorn was born in Greene county, Wis- 
 consin, in 18-tl. Came to Winona, Minnesota, 
 and remained until 1865 then removed to Clinton, 
 Iowa. In 1876 he removed to Grand Rapids. 
 Michigan, wliere he remained until coming to 
 Minneapolis in 1878. Was in the employ of J. C. 
 Oswald and now lias eliarge of J. II. Henderson's 
 stable. 
 
 Henry Van Valkenburj was born at Leroy, 
 New York, in 1826, where he lived until 1844. 
 He then went to Toledo, Ohio, and was connected 
 with the Indiana Hotel. In 1857, came to Way- 
 
 zata, Minnesota, where he engaged in the pearl- 
 ash and pot-ash manufacture, being the first 
 manufacture of this commodity in the state. Two 
 years later he closed out and located in Minneap- 
 olis, engaging in a grocery until 1860, and after- 
 wards in auction and commission business. He 
 was married in 1853 to Katie JIartin, of New 
 York. Tliey have only one child living : Katie, 
 now Mrs. Farrington of this city. 
 
 N. C. Van Valkenberg was burn in McHenry 
 county, Illinois, January 3d, 1844. In 1853, came 
 with his parents to Richfield, Minnesota. Here 
 he remained on the farm until 1861, when he en- 
 listed in Company II, First Minnesota Infantry; 
 was discharged nine months after, but re-enlisted 
 August 22d, 1863, in Hatch's Independent Bat- 
 talion, and served until mustered out in -June,"' 
 1866, at Fort Snelling. The same year, came to 
 Minneapolis and worked at his trade of mill- 
 wright, and had charge of the machinery of the 
 Washburn " B " mill for five years. In 1879 he 
 opened a grocery store, in which he still contin- 
 ues. He was married in 1872, to Annie B., 
 daughter of Martin Layman, who has borne him 
 three cliildren: Charles, Allie and Mabel. 
 
 A. T. Valentine was born in Somerset county, 
 Maine, in 1833. Came to Miimeapolis in 1856, 
 and engaged in lumbering ten years, when he en- 
 tered the meat business. In 1875 he bought a 
 farm, which he worked until 1880. During that 
 winter lie and liis brotlier, L. D., built their pres- 
 ent business house, and taking B. Wells as part- 
 ner, resumed business with the firm name of 
 Valentine and Company. Tlie firm is now Val- 
 entine Brothers. Was married in 1862 to Flor- 
 ence Bartlett, of Maine. Their children are: 
 Guy, Bernice, Lee and Mary. 
 
 L. D. Valentine, of the firm of Valentine 
 Brothers, was born in Somerset county, jNIaine, 
 1838. In 1856, came to St. Anthony, and with 
 the exception of two years' residence in Idaho, 
 has made this his permanent place of abode. He 
 was engaged in dry goods and groceries until 
 1866 with L. C. Smith, but since then has been 
 with his brother in the meat market. He was 
 married in 1864 to IIe)en A. Borrows, who bore 
 liim one child, Freddie. 
 
 Louis Vorwerk was born in Germany, June 
 20tli, 1832. Was educated in his native country, 
 a:id came to America tlie summer of 1852. He
 
 652 
 
 HISTORY OF JIEKKEPIN COUKTY. 
 
 lived three years in the state of Xew York, and 
 three years in Chicago. He came to Minnesota 
 in 1858, and located on a farm in Watonwan 
 county, on which he remained until the Indian 
 outbreak, hi lStj2. wlien he was driven from his 
 home. Came to Minneapolis and worked in the 
 furniture business until he accumulated enough 
 to begui business for himself, then opened a gro- 
 cery at 330 Fifth street north-east. liis maniage 
 to Miss Jennie Faber occurred October luth, 
 1856, at Chicago. Tliey have four children liv- 
 ing: Frederick, Elizabeth E.. Louis TV. and 
 Fredericka D. A. 
 
 CHAPTER LXXXIV. 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL, W, Y AND Z. 
 
 Arthur AVales, of the firm of Wales Brothers, 
 •was bom in Tennessee, in 1855. Phillip was born 
 at BaltiQiore, in 1857. They came to ^linneapo- 
 lis in 1869 and in 1876 commenced the manu- 
 facture of cabinet organs. In tlie fall of 1877 
 they built their first pipe organ, it is now in use 
 at the Gethsemane Church ; in 1880 they made 
 the second ; that went to Carver county. Wil- 
 liam Wales, the father of these gentlemen, was a 
 prominent man of Baltimore, and at the opening 
 of the war was editor of tlie Baltimore American. 
 
 C. E. Wales was born at St. Anthony, October 
 4th, 1851. At the age of twelve he began his 
 business career as agent for the St. Paul Pioneer 
 and St. Paul Press, there being at that time no 
 daily paper printed at either St. Anthony or Min- 
 neapolis ; he continued that business for several 
 years, at tlie same time attending school. In 1860 
 he entered the employ of J. A. Armstrong, his 
 being the first coal and wood yard in the city ; he 
 remained witli him about five years and then es- 
 tabUshed himself in the same business. Two 
 years from that time, the different fuel companies 
 of St. Paul and Minneapolis were merged into 
 one. under the name of North-western Fuel Com- 
 pany. Mr. Wales was cashier until the death of 
 Mr. Armstrong, since then he he has been agent. 
 
 lie married Ilattie Eaymond. in 1879 ; she has 
 borne him one cliild, Marie. 
 
 William W. Wales was born March 14th, 1818, 
 in Iredell county. North Carolina. In 1845, re- 
 moved to Greensburg, Indiana, and taught school 
 in that place for a time; then engaged in the book 
 and stationery business. In 1851 he came to St. 
 Anthony and occupied himself in gardening 
 about three years, after whicli he again went in the 
 book trade. Mr. Wales' connection with local pol- 
 itics has been important; he held the ofBce of city 
 clerk three years, was postmaster two years dur- 
 ing President Lincoln's administration, and was 
 twice mayor of St. Anthony; in 1856 he was a 
 member of the territorial council, and the next 
 year was sent by the society of Friends, of Indi- 
 ana, to assume charge of a colored orphan asy- 
 lum in Mississippi, but failing health obliged him 
 to return to Minneapolis. In 1868 he opened his 
 present business of paper-hangings, window- 
 shades, etc. Mr. Wales married Catherine Bun- 
 dy in 1848. Tliey have had eight children: Ma- 
 ria, Charles, Laura, William, Florence and Net- 
 tie are living. 
 
 Thomas B. AValker was bom in Xenia, Green 
 county. Ohio, February 1st. 1840. His father 
 died in 1849, and in 1856 the family removed to 
 Berea, where he aided in the support of the fam- 
 ily, and secured the rudiments of an education. 
 Having a taste for mathematics, he pursued the 
 study of engineering, astronomy, calculus and 
 Newton's "Principia." Mr. Walker came to 
 Minnesota in 1862, during the Indian outbreak, 
 and followed surveying, railroad engineering, 
 and examining land "and exploring until about 
 1873. In 1868 he combined with Dr. Levi Butler 
 and II. W. Mills under the firm name of Butler, 
 Mills and Walker, lumber manufacturers and 
 dealer's, continuins in the firm until 1876. During 
 tliese years he was also interested in lands and 
 logs with II. T. Welles, Franklin Steele. Major 
 Camp, Herrick Bros., George Cleveland and oth- 
 ers. In 1876. with George A. Camp, he purchased 
 the Pacific mills of J. Dean and Company. This 
 famous mill is described elsewhere. In 1863 Mr. 
 Walker was married to Miss Harriet G. Ilulet of 
 Berea, Ohio. They have seven children, two 
 girls and five boj s, all of whom are active, enter- 
 prising, rough and rugged. They are taught to 
 play, hunt, fish, row boats etc. It was through
 
 BIOGRAFEICAL. 
 
 653 
 
 Mr. Walker's influence that the Athenseum was 
 opened for the benefit of the pubhc. 
 
 Swan Walton, born December 20th, 1840, in 
 Sweden. lie passed about three years in Den- 
 mark; then returned to Sweden and engaged in 
 milling. In 1868 he caaie to Minneapolis; was 
 several years in the furniture business with W. 
 r. Warner and also with Mr. McLean. In 1870 
 he was appointed on the police force, and two 
 years later engaged in tlie grocery business under 
 the firm name of Vanstrom and Walton. He 
 was again appointed on the police force in 1878, 
 and still holds the position. His wife was Annie 
 Anderson, whom he married in 1868. They are 
 the parents of five children: Frank, Annie, 
 Nellie, Matilda and Mary. 
 
 C. B. Walke, a native of New York, was born 
 in 1858. He came to Minneapolis in 1876, and 
 two years later went in business, having bought 
 out J. H. Heisser. He deals in scroll saws, scroll 
 work, and all kinds of supplies in connection with 
 the business ; he is at No. 403 Nicollet Avenue. 
 
 r. C. Walker was bom at Otsego, New York, 
 November 12th, 1829. He lived in his native 
 place until the age of twenty-two, then went to 
 Massachusetts and remained there in the boot and 
 shoe trade until 1879, when he removed to Cleve- 
 land, Ohio, and about six years was engaged in 
 the manufacture of ladders and eave troughs; 
 after residing two and one-half years in Indian- 
 apolis became here; he does carpet cleaning, and 
 manufactures ladders and the '-Boss" washing 
 machine. He was married in 1859, to Miranda 
 Morton ; they have one child. 
 
 G. F. Walker, born in Scotland, June, 1859; 
 he came to this country and helped dress the first 
 stone used in the Cataract mill. He lived two 
 years in Meeker county, then went to Scott coun- 
 ty and leased a mill. In 1864 he returned to Min- 
 neapolis and had charge of the Union mill one 
 year ; then in company with Thomas Noble built 
 the People's mill and operated it four years; he 
 next built the Washington mill at Dassel, and 
 after running it four years, sold out, purchased 
 the Delano mill and operated that about seven 
 years, tlien returned to this city and has since 
 worked at the Crown Roller mill. In 1861 lie 
 miirried Ann Robertson. Their chililren are: 
 John, Nellie, Mary, Jessie, Minnehaha, Ilattie 
 and George. 
 
 J. C. Walker, a native of Canada, was born 
 December 13th, 1842, at Cornwall. He came to 
 the United States in the fall of 1862, and worked 
 at the lumber business in Green Bay, Wisconsin, 
 and Minneapolis, until June, 1879 ; the following 
 spring he engaged in his present business, billiard 
 hall and sample room at 103 Nicollet Avenue. 
 In October, 1880, his marriage with Julia Mona- 
 han took place. 
 
 Mrs. John Wall came to Minneapolis in 1864, 
 and has been ten years in the hotel business. 
 Since February, 1877, she has been in the Wall 
 House at 17 and 19 Second street north ; it is a 
 three story brick house owned by Henry Oswald. 
 
 Matthew Walsh, born in Ireland, June 15th, 
 1841. He emigrated to the United States in 1861, 
 and located at New York city; during one season he 
 was employed on a merchant steamer, running 
 between New York and New Orleans. In 1865 
 he removed to this city, and has since that time 
 been at the Cataract mill, with the exception of 
 one year with Judd and Brackett. He has been 
 head miller at the Cataract since 1871. In 1864 
 he married Annie Stacy, who has borne him seven 
 children, Walter, Edward, Margaret, Alice, May, 
 Katie and Julia. 
 
 John Walter was born in 1831, in Switzerland. 
 He graduated in 1846, and then engaged in mer- 
 cantile business three years in his native country. 
 In 1849 he moved to New York, and the next 
 year to Canada, where he taught school fifteen 
 years; then returned to New York, and after 
 teaching in that state one year, went to Illinois 
 for three years, then to Sioux City, where he 
 was assistant in the high school four years; at the 
 expiration of that time, he came here, and after 
 teaching two years, engaged in his present busi- 
 ness. In 1854 he married Miss S. Smith. They 
 have had fourteen children; the living are, Emma, 
 Henry, Sidney, Gustavus, Minerva, John, Her- 
 man, Stella, Charles and Effle. 
 
 George F. Warner, a native of Schoharie 
 county. New York, was born in 1828. At the 
 age of sixteen he commenced in the furniture 
 business, and continued in this trade with success 
 at xVlbany, New York, Buffalo and Chicago. He 
 came to Minneapolis in June, 1857, and is the 
 oldest established furniture dealer in the city. 
 His places of business are numbers 325 Nicollet 
 Avenue and 106 Washington Avenue south.
 
 654 
 
 HISTOBY OF HENSEPiy COUNTY. 
 
 X. F. Wanier was born in 1848 in New York 
 city. In ]851 lie moved with liis parents to Buf- 
 falo. New York, where they remained until 18-5.5, 
 and next lived two years in Chicago. Coming to 
 Minnesota in 18.57, they lived a while in Fair- 
 bault and then came to Minneapolis, where he has 
 resided ever since with the exception of a short 
 period. In 1869 Mr. Warner joined an exploring 
 expedition up the Yellowstone in order to recruit 
 his failing health; on his return to Minneapolis, 
 he joined a sur\eying party up the Mississippi 
 river and its tributaries. lie there pre-empted one 
 hundred and sixty acres of pine land, which he 
 afterwards sold for SI, 000. He then returned to 
 Minneapolis and began in the undertaking busi- 
 ness, in which he is still engaged. He was mar- 
 ried in 1879 to Miss Elizabeth Sullivan, of Min- 
 neapolis. They have one child, a girl ten months 
 old. who was adopted by the Minneapolis Light 
 Infantry, as the " daughter of the regiment." 
 
 John Washburn, a native of 2*Iaine, was bom 
 in 1858, at Hallowell. He is a son of A. S. Wash- 
 burn and nephew of C. C. and W. D. Washburn. 
 In February, 1880, he came to MinneapoMs, and 
 commenced learning milling, with a view to mak- 
 ing it his permanent business. 
 
 William Drew Washburn, was bom at Liver- 
 more, Androscoggin county, Maine, January 14th, 
 1831. His parents. Israel and Martha nee Benja- 
 min, were lineal descendants of the old Mayflower 
 stock ; the Benjamin family were of Scottish ex- 
 traction. Unto the age of twenty he lived on the 
 farm with his father, and attended school win- 
 ters; he studied at Gorman Academy, also at 
 South Paris, and finally completed his prepara- 
 tory studies at Farmington Academy. In 1854 
 he giaduated from Bowdom College ; having 
 taught winters, and worked vacations, to defray 
 his expenses ; during one of these vacations he 
 was clerk in the house of representatives, under 
 General Cullom. After graduating he studied 
 law and was admitted to the bar in 1857 ; the 
 same year he came to this city, and was appointed 
 agent of the MiinieapoUs ilill Company, iji which 
 he afterward became a partner. In 1861 he was 
 commissioned by President Lincoln, sur\'eyor 
 general of Minnesota, and removed to St. Paul. 
 At the close of his term of otfice he returned to 
 this city, built a large saw-mill, and has since 
 been actively engaged in the lumber trade. He 
 
 was the chief mover in projecting the Minneapo- 
 lis & St. Louis railway, the success of which is 
 largely due to his enterprise ; he is president of 
 the company and one of the largest stock owners 
 in the corporation ; has also been interested in 
 other railroads. In 1872 he built the finest lum- 
 ber mill, in the state, at Anoka, and has since 
 built a large flouring mill at the same place. In 
 1873. he, with others, built the Palisade mill, 
 here ; he is also one of the originators and stock- 
 holders of the Minneapolis Har\-ester AVorks. 
 Since becoming a resident of Minnesota, he has 
 been an active participant of public enterprises ; 
 politically he has always been a republican. No- 
 vember. 1S7S, he was elected representative of the 
 third congressional district by three thousand ma- 
 jority', and in 1880 re-elected by a majority of 
 twelve thousand. In his religious belief he is a 
 Universalist. He married in 1859, Lizzie Muzzy, 
 of Bangor. Elaine, who has born him eight chil- 
 dren ; two sons and two daughters are living. 
 
 William P. Washburn, a native of Kew Bruns- 
 wick, was born in Xorthumberland county, Feb- 
 ruary 10th, 18-50. He came to Minneapolis De- 
 cember. 1874. and worked in the lumber business 
 four years, on the boom in the summer and win- 
 ters in the woods. September, 1878, he took an 
 interest with T. G. Salisbury in the manufacture 
 of mattresses. His marriage with Ida Rowe took 
 place in November, 1876. 
 
 John Watson was bom March 26th, 1830, in 
 Somerset coimty, Maine. In 1851 he went to 
 California, where he was mining and lumbering 
 about five years, then returned to Maine and 
 went into the tanning business. In 1861 he re- 
 moved to Minnesota and engaged in railroad 
 building. He has been connected with the inter- 
 ests of this city since 1864, and since 1872 has 
 been an officer of the City Bank; he was vice- 
 president five years, and in 1879 took charge of 
 the Telephone Company as its general manager. 
 Mr. Watson married, in 1856, Olive Thompson. 
 Their children are: M.iy, Florence, Louis and 
 Henry. 
 
 Frederick Weinard was bom October 19ih, 
 1819, in (Jermany. He gi'ew to manhood in his 
 native country, and learned the painter's trade. 
 In 1848 he came to the United States, and first 
 located in Delaware; removed to St. .Vnthony in 
 1854, and the next year took a claim of one hun
 
 BIOOBAPHICAL. 
 
 655 
 
 dred and sixty acres on Rush Creek, ocenpied un- 
 til 1856, returned to St. Antliony, and after 
 working in a saw-mill several years, went back 
 to liis trade; lie is one of the oldest painters in 
 the city. In 1849 he married Katrina Boto. Their 
 living children are: Justina, Mary, Fred and 
 William. 
 
 Peter Weingert, deceased, was born November 
 1st, 1830, a native of Germany. He settled in St. 
 Anthony in 1855, and worked at his trade, tailor- 
 ing, one year; tlien kept a boarding house until 
 1861, next engaging in mercantile business. In 
 1871 lie erected his store and continued in trade 
 until his death, April 30th, 1872. Since that 
 time Mrs. Weingert has conducted the business 
 alone, dealing in dry goods and groceries. She 
 has had nine cliildren; Ihe living are: Henry, Jo- 
 sephine, Peter and Girddio. 
 
 Henry T. Wellfs. The great North-west owes 
 much of its prosperity to tlie blood which has 
 been transplanted from the shores of New Eng- 
 land. Many of the early settlers and pioneers of 
 Minnesota were natives of that rugged, stern, 
 honest portion of the union. In their advent 
 to the west they retained tlieir liabits of indus- 
 try, economy and integrity wliicli they had 
 formed in early life. The effect of this trans- 
 planting, in numerous instances, was to enlarge 
 the mind; from the fact of its liaving more room 
 for expansion, in the many facilities for enter- 
 prises of nearly every variety. A great worlc was 
 before them, a new empire was to l)e inaugurated. 
 The vast, rich prairies were to be occupied; cities 
 were to be built, church and school edifices to be 
 erected; arts and sciences to be introduced and 
 patronized; pulilic highways and internal improve- 
 ments v.'ere to be made, including costly bridges, 
 factories, mills and workshops. Truly a great 
 work lay before these people, and probably among 
 the early immigrants to this portion of the valley 
 of the great river, there was no one more capable 
 or more willing to assist in the mammoth work 
 than Henry T. Welles, who was born April 3d, 
 1821, in Hartford county, Connecticut. He made 
 St. Anthony his home in 1853. Belonging to one 
 of the best families of his native state, he was 
 favored in boyhood with rare advantat^es, having 
 graduated in 1843 from Trinity College, Hart- 
 ford. In those days neither wealth nor position 
 exempted the young man of New England from 
 
 habits of industry. During the college vacations 
 he assisted in tilling the broad acres of the family 
 homestead, and the first ten years after leaving 
 college were mostly spent on the farm, though 
 divided with duties of a public character. In 
 1850 lie was honored with a seat in the legisla- 
 ture of his native state. Upon his arrival in St. 
 Anthony, became interested in the lumbering 
 business to which were added other industries, 
 and having ample means he purchased con- 
 siderable real estate. In 1855 he was elected 
 mayor of that city. He removed to Minneapolis 
 in 1856, having previously made large purchases 
 on this side of the river, has been closely identi- 
 fied with the interests of this city, has done much 
 to develop its industries, and in 1858, was presi- 
 dent of the town council, and president of the 
 board of education. In 1863 he was unanimously 
 nominated for governor of the state, by the dem- 
 ocratic party; but he failed of an election in con- 
 sequence of the overwhelming majority of the 
 republicans. Since 1864 he lias had neither time 
 or inclination to engage in political matters, the 
 management of his real estate occupying much 
 of his attention, but he never hesitates to give 
 substantial aid in all matters that are of material 
 advantage to the city, and state of his adoption. 
 The different railroads that center in Minneap- 
 olis liad to be encouraged liy the citizens in every 
 possible way. Mr. Welles invested large sums 
 of money, that the city might enjoy tliese railway 
 facilities. Different objects of charity have fre- 
 quently received his bounty, while tli educational 
 interests of the community have been aided by 
 him in no trivial manner. In addition to other 
 numerous duties, he is president of the North- 
 western National Bank, one of the best monied 
 institutions of the city. His financial abilities 
 are peculiarly fitted for this office. Previous to 
 coming to Minnesota, Mr. Welles was happily 
 married and has an interesting family. In clos- 
 ing this small tribute of respect to Mr. Welles, 
 the writer would add that Minneapolis has been 
 fortunate in the character of the ukmi who have 
 built up the industries of the place; tliey are 
 the worthy cotemporaries of iSIr. Welles. 
 
 G. G. Wells, a native of Cazenovia, New York, 
 was born January 20tli, 1852. Went to Albany 
 in 1846 to learn the jeweler's trade, and remained 
 there five years ; then spent one }'ear at Dubuque,
 
 656 
 
 HISTORY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 Iowa, and three at Jackson. Michigan. In 1856 
 established himself in business in this city ; four 
 years later formed a partnership witli W. 11. 
 Chamberlain, which conthiued nine years ; since 
 then Mr. "Wells has given his entire attention to 
 watch work and repairing; his place of business is 
 the Xicollet House. In 18.53, married Minnie Slead. 
 They have had two children, James -and Hattie. 
 The latter died at the age of thirteen months. 
 
 Charles L. Wells, M. D.. was born October 13th. 
 1842, at Pompey. New York. "Was educated at 
 Hobart College, took the degi-ee of A. B., and 
 later that of A. M. Taught classics at Burlington 
 College one year, and three years at the High 
 school of Geneva. In 1869 he graduated at the 
 Geneva Medical College, and the five years fol- 
 lowing acted as first assistant physician at Wil- 
 lard"s Asylum for the insane. Since September, 
 1875, has been in practice here. Dr. "Wells mar- 
 ried in 1870. Ilattie Stilwell of Xew York. Hen-, 
 ry and ilarj- are their children. 
 
 John AVensinger, bom in Switzerland, May 22d, 
 1825. Came with his parents to America in 1833 
 and located at Richland county, Ohio. Removed 
 to Huron in 1840, thence to Sandusky City, where 
 he remained until 1843. learning the boot and 
 shoe business ; then engaged in trade at Newark; 
 from there went to Cincinnati and remained un- 
 til 1849, when he located in St. Anthony, and has 
 since that time been closely identified with its 
 histoiy and growth. Mr. "Wensinger engaged in 
 the boot and shoe business here, renting for his 
 shop the old Indian trading post; the year follow- 
 ing built a store and took a partner. Col. Spooner 
 in the harness trade. lie purchased in Galena, a 
 stock of groceries and established in connection 
 with that the first bakery in St. Anthony. He 
 afterwards opened the first shoe shop on the west 
 side of the river : he built the first wooden block 
 in St. Anthony, and the first brick block on Cen- 
 tral Avenue. Mr. Wensinger always assisted 
 every enterprise calculated to benefit the town, 
 and often sold lots far below their real value, in 
 order to induce new-comers to settle here. Has 
 been tendered several offices, state, county and 
 town, but would never accept, owing to his love 
 for his own mercantile business, and his interest 
 in building up St. Anthony. In 18-58 joined a 
 stock company and built the "Fall City." the first 
 steamer buUt and owned by Mmneapolitans ; she 
 
 was run between this place and Pittsburgh ; but 
 he lost S9.000 by this investment. Mr. Wensin- 
 ger always took pride in assisting young men in 
 business, and his generosity sometimes caused 
 him severe losses. His wife by his first marriage 
 was Clara Swan, they were united in 1852, and 
 she bore him two children: Nellie and Nettie, 
 (deceased.) Married the second time in 1869, to 
 Hattie Hyde. 
 
 Frank Wentworth. a native of Maine, was bom 
 June 1st, 1841, at Athens. In 1873. moved to 
 Minneapolis, and after working about two months 
 in the Empire mill, went to La Crosse, and was 
 with E. V. White five years. Was afterward 
 with Mr. Davis nearly a year in the Galesville 
 mill, and in September, 1S79. retxmied to this 
 city. Since that time has been engaged at the 
 Standard mill. 
 
 J. Werthmann, a native of Bavaria, was bom 
 in 1836. Came to America in 1862. and locating 
 at Chicago, engaged in the furniture business; six 
 years later, removed to Winona and pursued the 
 same line of business there until 1871. when he 
 came to this city. Was five years employed as 
 foreman for Burr, Morris and Company, furniture 
 manufacturers, and in 1878 went into trade with 
 ilr. Sonnen; they are doing a lucrative business. 
 Mr. Werthmann was married in 1870 to Catherine 
 Plasy. 
 
 H. A. Westphal was born July, 18-50. in Ger- 
 many. In 1868, came to Minneapolis, and the 
 same year engaged to work in the ice business for 
 H. Kreitz; three years later, Mr. Westphal went 
 into the same business, starting with verj- limited 
 means, but is now having an extensive trade. Is 
 also engaged in the wood business, handling 
 about three tliousand loads annually. His mar- 
 riage with Christiana Glitschka occurred in 1875. 
 Their children are Ida and Carl. 
 
 John West was born in England. May 27th, 
 1840. He moved to ilew York with his parents 
 in 1852, locating near Lockport; he went to Illi- 
 nois in 1855. and two years later, to Anoka, ilin- 
 nesota. In 1861. enlisted and served until hon- 
 orably discharged in 1864 ; was afterwards 
 authorized to enlist recruits for Battery E. Firet 
 Minnesota Heavy Artillery, and commissioned 
 second lieutenant of the battery, and ordered to 
 Tennessee; was promoted to first lieutenant, and 
 mustered out in September, 1865. Bought a farm
 
 BIOGBAPHICAL. 
 
 657 
 
 in Riclifleld and lived there until 1872, wlien he 
 came to this city and the next year entered the 
 police force as patrol and was promoted to his 
 present position as sergeant. In 1865 he married 
 Agnes Better, who has borne him five children; 
 the four living are: Rose, Kate, Mary and Lilly. 
 
 Andrew Gustavus Westling, lay preacher at 
 Bethlehem Church, was bom in Sweden June 
 16th, 1823. Coming to America in 1873, he set- 
 tled at Lake City. Minnesota, where he remained 
 until the fall of 1879. He then came to Minne- 
 apolis, and has since remained here. His eldest 
 son, Peter G., is a ministeratPuhith, Minnesota. 
 
 L. J. Westling, a native of Sweden, was born 
 July 4tli, 1858. He accompanied his parents to 
 America in 1873, and settled at Lake City; was 
 employed a number of years there and at Red 
 Wing as moulder. In 1879, came to Minneapolis, 
 and is now engaged in moulding for the Union 
 Iron Works. 
 
 E. B. West was born at Pembrook, New 
 Hampshire, in 1825. When nineteen years of 
 age, entered mercantile business, which he con- 
 tinued until coming to St. Anthony in 1855; he 
 then went into the cattle trade, and five years later 
 started in the sash and door business; he was 
 afterwards milling and dealing in real estate until 
 1878, when he established his auction and com- 
 mission business at 221 Washington Avenue 
 south. In 1860 Mr. West had an experience 
 which one would hardly believe possible for a 
 man to survive. As he, in company with others, 
 was about to bathe in the Mississippi above the 
 falls on the east side, he lost his footing, and was 
 carried over the rapids. At that time the volume 
 of water was much greater than now; he was 
 swept over the fall of thirty feet, but by super- 
 human efforts kept in the undertow, which threw 
 him out beyond the reach of the return current 
 on the surface; finally he was thrown on the 
 rocks near the Chalybeate springs, some three 
 hundred feet below the fall; his body was cov- 
 ered with bruises, but no bones broken. He re- 
 turned and surprised his companions who thouglit 
 him dead. Mr. West's wife, Mary Morrison, 
 died in 1873. leaving three children. 
 
 Milton Whipple, born June 9th, 1868, in Center 
 county, Pennsylvania. He spent a few months in 
 Iowa, in 1875, buying grain ; and afterward trav- 
 eled between Omaha and North Platte, selling 
 
 goods. Returned home to attend school, and in 
 June, 1879, came to this city ; the following Sep- 
 tember he went to work at the Northwestern 
 mill. 
 
 Edwin White, a native of Canada, was born 
 June 16th, 1831. In 18-16, moved with bis parents 
 to Iowa and remained until 1854, when he went 
 to Indiana. ' He held the office of register of 
 deeds of Decatur county, for four years, then re- 
 ceived the appointment of chief clerk and depiity 
 treasm-er, for the same county ; afterward was 
 elected city clerk, at the same time serving as • 
 clerk in the provost marshal's office. In 1866, 
 poor health made a change desirable, and he went 
 to Ottumwa, Iowa ; was cashier in a bank, and 
 afterward opened a real estate and insurance of- 
 fice. Came here in 1870, and continued the same 
 business. In 1 851 , married at ^Marion, Iowa, Em- 
 na Edkins. Their children, Horace, William, 
 George, Charles and Marcus have all passed 
 away. 
 
 William O. White, born at Worcester, Massa- 
 chusetts, October 22d, 1835. In 1850, went to 
 Chicago, and on arrival at that city his whole cap- 
 ital amounted to one dollar and twenty-five cents-. 
 He learned car building with the Illinois Central 
 railroad company, and remained with them four 
 years; then removed to Hastings, Minnesota, 
 where he was contracting and house building un- 
 til 1861. Enlisted in December of that year ; was 
 promoted to commissary sergeant, and served on 
 the frontier among the Indians. December, 1864, 
 returned to Hastings, and worked nine years at 
 the Vermillion mill. In 1873, came here, and 
 after working for C. A. Pillsbury two and one- 
 ha f years, removed to the Red River Valley and 
 located 960 acres of land. Since July, 1877, has 
 been at the Minneapolis mill. In 1856, married 
 Mrs. Delia Kibbe, who has borne him one child : 
 Clarence. 
 
 J. C. Whitney was born in April, 1818, at 
 Springfied, Vermont. In 1829, moved with his 
 parents to Canada, and remained until twenty 
 years of age. He attended college at Oberlin, 
 Ohio, and in 1849, gradirated from Union Semi- 
 nary, Hevf York. The same year removed to 
 Stillwater, Minnesota, where he was pastor of 
 the First Presbyterian church until 1853; at that 
 time he came to tliis city and held the position of 
 pastor of the First Presbyterian church here four
 
 658 
 
 HISTORY OF HEKXEPIN COUNTY 
 
 years. In 1857 removed to Forest City, and re- 
 turned bere in ISfiO. In 1862, enlisted and served 
 tlirr-e years, was appointed quartermaster with 
 the rank of captain. Returned in 1865 and en- 
 ga£;ed in real estate business. Mr. Wliitney 
 married in 1849, Eliza Bayard. Tliey have five 
 children. 
 
 S. O. Whiteomb. a native of Canada, was born 
 July 24tli. 1856. Moved to Illinois and learned the 
 drug business; went to Iowa in 1877, and was in 
 trade there two years; May 1879, removed to 
 Minneapolis and is doing a good business at 505 
 Wasliingtou Avenue south. 
 
 Oliver B. Whitney was bom at Stillwater, July 
 23d. 1853. and the following September, came 
 with his parents to this city. He attended the 
 public schools here, and when twi^nty years of 
 age commenced lumbering. Worked for George 
 A. Camp, L. Butler. Clougli Brothers, and since 
 April, 1878, lias been with Cole and Hammond 
 as book-keeper. In 1875. married Pauline Hyland; 
 she has borne him' two children: Gertrude and 
 Henry. 
 
 W, C. Wickings, born August 3d, 1839, at 
 Boston, Massachusetts. He studied dentistry four 
 years at Philadelphia, then removed to New 
 York city and practiced thirteen years. In 1873 
 he went to St. Louis, Missouri, and followed his 
 profession there until June. 1S80, when he came 
 here and estahlished what is known as the New 
 York dental rooms. The apartments are fur- 
 nished in an elegant manner, and supplied with 
 all the appliances necessary for mechanical and 
 operative dentistry. Ur. AVickuigs maiTied in 
 1864. Frances Long. 
 
 J. F. Wilcox, a native of Ohio, was bom Jan- 
 uary 4th, 1848, at Middlebury. Came to Mmne- 
 apolis in September, 1867, was employed by 
 Wheaton, Reynolds and Francis three yeare and 
 then admitted as a member of the firm, Mr. 
 Francis having retired. Mr. Wilcox's marriage 
 with Emma Clement took place in June, 1871. 
 Three children have been born to them : Harry. 
 Archa and ilyrtice. 
 
 Martin Williams, T. S. King's assistant on the 
 Minneapolis department of the '• Pioneer Press," 
 came to the state in the spring of 1853. and for 
 several years was employed on the early newspa- 
 pers of St. Paul. Subsequently lie published the 
 St. Feter " Tribune," but disposed of it in 1869, 
 
 and became connected with the city department 
 of the St. Paul •■ Press." Since the absorption of 
 the " Pioneer" and the Minneapolis "Mail "and 
 " Tribune" by the original " Press Printing Com- 
 pany," he has been associated with Mr. King 
 on the Minneapolis department of the " Pioneer 
 Press." still retaining the position occupied for 
 several years. 
 
 David Williams, was born September 24th, 
 1830, at Chester. England. His father being a 
 mUler, he learned the trade at home, and in 1865 
 emigrated to Lower Can;i la. where he remained 
 live years. Then removed to Toronto remaining 
 three years. In May, 1875, came to Minneapolis 
 and was employed in the Washburn '• A " mill 
 for two and one-half years, then engaged with the 
 Northwestern mill, and for the last two years has 
 held the position of head miller, ilarried Miss 
 Elizabeth Lloyd in 1861. Their children are: 
 Edward, Ever. Albert, Walter, Jessie and Maud. 
 
 George Williams, was born at Calais, Maine, 
 -March 9th. 1843. where he lived until twenty-five 
 years of age. His life time pursuit has been in 
 the mercantile business. Came to St. Anthony 
 in 1878, and was in the employ of J. H. Chase a 
 few months when he accepted his present position 
 in the dry-goods store of O. T. Swett, on Univer- 
 sity Avenue. His marriage to Etta B. Mayo oc- 
 curred at St. Anthony, in 1871. Their children 
 are: John M., ^Slary A. and Gertie. 
 
 Henry Williams was bom in Chenango county. 
 New York. May 28th. 1845. He went to :Michi- 
 gan with his parents in 1854. Attended school, 
 also farmed, until 1863, when he removed to Chi- 
 cago, and two years later located at Lake City, 
 Minnesota. Came to Minneapolis the next year 
 and jomed the volunteer fire department in 1874. 
 In 1877 he was appointed fire police and in 1879 
 was appointed foreman of Hose Company Num- 
 ber Two in the paid department, which position 
 he now holds. Was married in this citj' in 1868 
 to Agnes Ollarra. 
 
 Jessie T. Williams was bom in Guilford coun- 
 ty. North Carolina. March 20th, 1822. He moved 
 to Wayne county, Indiana, when very young, and 
 made it his home until 1867. Was elected sheriff 
 of that county in 1856. Located at Minneapolis 
 in 1870, and is now deputy sheriff. He was mar- 
 ried in 1845 to Anna Greaves, of Indiana. Their 
 children are: Ethal L., Laura and Estella.
 
 BIOGBAPHICAL. 
 
 fi.59 
 
 S. M. Williams was bom in Cumberland coun- 
 ty, Pennsylvania, September IStli, 184o. He 
 came to Minneapolis in 1857, and has since 
 made this his place of residence. lie established 
 the book and stationery business at 224 Hennepin 
 Avenue in 1863, and is still located there. He 
 was married in 1879 to Sarah Williams of this 
 city. 
 
 G. B. Wilson was born March 20th, 1821, in 
 Washington county, Maine. Came to St. An- 
 thony in 1856. and engaged in lumbering; has 
 driven an ox-team for twenty-two seasons in the 
 pineries. While thus engaged he met with an 
 experience from which he escaped with life al- 
 most by a miracle. While unloading logs from 
 the sled, he was thrown forward about sixteen 
 feet down a slope. Two enormous logs rolled 
 after and over him; fortunately he landed in a 
 crevice in the ground which gave space for the 
 logs with their ponderous weight to pass over, 
 leaving him unharmed. In 1878 he erected a 
 building at 1205 Fifth street south-east which he 
 occupies as a grocery. In the spring of 1S80 he 
 retired from the lumber business. Ills family 
 consists of wife and three children: Clara L., 
 Egbert S. and Sydney B. 
 
 Joseph P. Wilson is a native of New Jersey, 
 born in 1822. He was in the law office of Silas 
 M. Stilwell, at New York four years. In 1844. he 
 removed to Illinois and was agent for a Chicago 
 firm, to select and enter government lands for 
 them in the northern part of the state. In 1847, 
 went to the Mexican war and remained until its 
 close. In April 1850, located at St. Anthony and 
 engaged in mercantile business. Was one of the 
 commissioners of Ramsey coimty, from 1851 till 
 '54; he was also in the legislature in 1856. He 
 was a member of the constitutional convention to 
 form a state constitution, and was a member of 
 the senate in 1864-'65. He was one of the origi- 
 nal proprietors of St. Cloud and Alexandria, 
 Minnesota, and is now interested in New Mexico 
 mines, in the vicinity of Santa Fe. 
 
 John Wilson is a native of Scotland, born in 
 1838. He came to America in 1850, locating near 
 New York, on Long Island. In 1801 , he enlisted 
 at Rochester, New York in Company E, Thir- 
 teenth New York Regiment. He participated in 
 many hard fought battles : first Bull Run, Siege 
 at Yorktown, Hanover Comt House and others. 
 
 He was wounded in the seven days" fight before 
 Richmond and left on the field, but was rescued 
 and taken to Washington where he recovered 
 and secured his discharge in 1863. He went to 
 Logansport, Indiana, where he married Miss 
 Lucinda Young, July 23d, 1861. They came to 
 Minneapolis in 1866, and immediately engaged 
 with the Minneapolis mill, remaining with the 
 firm nearly twelve years. 
 
 M. D. Wilson was born at LaPorte, Indiana, 
 May 28th, 1843. Went to Albert Lea, ilinne- 
 sota, in 1867. He located in Miinieapulis in 1877, 
 and has since been buying and selling horses. 
 He and liis partner, A. R. Strickland, are now 
 projirietors of a livery and sale stable, at 16 
 Wasliington Avenue north. 
 
 Newton II. Winchell was born in Duchess 
 county, New York, December 17th, 1839. In 
 1858 he entered the University of Michigan at 
 Aim Arbor and graduated in 1866. He was com- 
 pelled to teach during his course in college, and 
 thus spent eight years in getting his education. 
 He was at different times superintendent of the 
 public schools of Adrian, Port Huron and Kala- 
 mazoo. He was employed two years on the state 
 geological survey of Michigan. Thence he went 
 to Ohio, and in 1872, was summoned to JMinnesota 
 by the regents of the State University. Accept- 
 ing tlie position of state geologist, he spent one- 
 half of his time teaching, and the rest in direct- 
 ing the geological survey of the state. In 1878 
 he was relieved from teaching, and has since 
 devoted himself wholly to the survey, and 
 the preparation and acquisition of a museum. 
 Professor Winchell was married in 1864, to Miss 
 C. F. Innes, of Galesburg, Michigan, a graduate 
 and afterwards teacher at Albion College, JSIichi- 
 gan. They have five children: Horace V., I. C, 
 Avis, Alexander and Louisa L. 
 
 Professor Winchell WTote some scientific articles 
 for newspapers in his college course, and others 
 since. The following are of a more permanent 
 character and are found in the standard scientific 
 periodicals of the day: 1. The Glacial Features 
 of Green Bay, of Lake Michigan, with some ob- 
 servations on a probable former outlet of Lake 
 Superior— American Journal of Science and 
 Arts, July, 1871. 2. The Building Stones of 
 Michigan— American Builder, May, Jmie and 
 July, 1871. 3. The Surface Geology of North-
 
 660 
 
 jnnioiiY OF iiEsyEi-jy covmy. 
 
 western Ohio— Proceedings of tlie American As- 
 sociation, 1872. 4. The Drift Deposits of the 
 Northwest— Popular Science Montlily, June and 
 July, 1S73. 5. The Devonian Limestones in 
 Ohio — Proceedings of the American Association, 
 1873. 6. On the Hamilton in Ohio— American 
 Journal of Science and Arts, April, 1874. 7. The 
 Economical Geology of Cheboygan aaid Mack- 
 inac, state of Michigan— Michigan Board of Ag- 
 riculture, Report for 1873. 8. Geological Xot«s 
 from Early Explorers in the jNIiniiesota Valley — 
 "V'ol. I. of the Bulletins of the Minnesota Acad- 
 emy of Natural Sciences. 9. Vegetable Remains 
 in the Drift Deposits of the Northwest -Proceed- 
 ings of the American Association, 1875. 10. On 
 the Parallelism of Devonian Outcrops in Michi- 
 gan and Ohio— Proceedings of the American 
 Association, 1875. 11. The Cretaceous in Mmne- 
 sota— '\'ol. I. of the Bulletins of the Jlinnesota 
 Academy of Natural Sciences. 12. The Ancient 
 Copper Mines of Isle Royale— Bulletins of the 
 Minnesota Academy, Vol. II. 13. Dall's Obser- 
 vations on Perennial Ice in Alaska — American 
 Journal of Science and Arts, May, 1881 . 14. The 
 Capriferous Series in Minnesota- Proceeduigs of 
 the American Association, 1880. 15. The Reces- 
 sion of the Falls of St. Antliony— Quarterly Jour- 
 nal of the Geological Society of London, Nov., 
 1878. 16. The Mining Districts of Southwestern 
 New Mexico — Raymond's Mineral Resources 
 AVestof the Rocky Mountains, 1874. 17. Tliereport 
 of his work m Ohio, where he sun-eyed and re- 
 ported on twenty of the eighty counties of the 
 state, are published in the Fust and Second Vol- 
 umes of the Final Report of Newbury's Survey. 
 18. Since the Geological Survey x)f Minnesota was 
 inaugurated his scientific papers have been pub- 
 lished in the Annual Reports of Progress of the 
 SmTey, and pertain exclusively to the state. Of 
 these reports nine have been published, to each 
 of which he has been the principal contributor. 
 They pertain to the geology and physical geogi-a- 
 phy of all parts of the state, and treat of subjects 
 of the most vital importance to the material de- 
 velopment of Minnesota. Besides the series of 
 Annual Reports, he has issued eleven miscellane- 
 ous pubUcations and circulars relatuigto the sur- 
 vey. 19. In 1874 he accompanied (ien. G. A. 
 Custer to the Black Hills, and his Geological 
 Report and map of the Black Hills, published un- 
 
 der the auspices of the "War Department, com- 
 prised the first account of the interior of the Black 
 Hills ever published. He discredited somewhat 
 the wonderful reports of gold in the Black Hills, 
 cuiTent at the time of Gen. Custer's return; and 
 it must be admitted that no permanent gold min- 
 ing has been established at any point visited by 
 the Custer expedition. 20. The State and Higher 
 Education; an address — Bulletins of the Minne- 
 sota Academy of Science, Vol. II. 
 
 Prof. Winchell received the degrees of A. B. and 
 A. M. of his alma mater, the LTniversity of Michi- 
 gan. He is a fellow of the American Associa- 
 tion for the Advancement of Science, a corres- 
 ponding member of the New York and Buffalo 
 Academies of Science, and president of the Min- 
 nesota Academy of Natural Science. 
 
 Thomas Wing is a native of Canada, born July 
 otli, 1830. lie went to Oswego, New York, in 
 1848, and learned the bakery business. In 1852, 
 engaged in the business at Clayton, New York, 
 thence to Chicago. After working in different 
 places he located in Minneapolis in 1873. He 
 was with Lillibridge's bakery three years. In 
 1876 established his business, and is at present 
 at 20 First street south. He was united in mar- 
 riage to Eliza A. Gibbons, in 1858. Their child- 
 ren are : Seymore T., Clarissa, NelUe, Laura, 
 Donney M., Thomas and Mary. 
 
 Kimball W. Wing was born in 1837, at Bel- 
 grade, Missouri. At the age of nine he was con- 
 verted, and at twenty united with the Methodist 
 Episcopal Church at Gardner, Missouri. Reared 
 on a farm; at the age of eighteen he em- 
 barked in the meat business, which he followed 
 tivelve years, when failing health compelled him 
 to retire. At the age of twenty-eight he was 
 married to Mary E. Kempster of West Gardner, 
 Missouri. In 1867 he removed to Minneapolis m 
 hope of recuperating his health. In 187;: he formed 
 a partnership with il. D. Cone and embarked in the 
 real estate and commission business, room No. 1 , in 
 Harrison's block on Washington Avenue, and has 
 since been more or less actively engaged in that 
 direction. Mr. Wing is an active member of the 
 Franklin Avenue Methodist Episcopal Church, 
 is one of its trustees and assistant superintendent 
 of the Sabbath school. He has four children: 
 Weslie S., Willie E., Warren A., and Mabel G. 
 
 Hem-y T. Whiter is a native of Loudon, Eng-
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL 
 
 661 
 
 land, born 1846. He came to tlie United States 
 in 1871, locating in Minneapolis. He was em- 
 ployed in the Cliicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul 
 railway machine shops until August, 1880. lie 
 then opened a saloon and billiard hall at 1413 
 Washington Avenue south. Married Francis 
 Pilcher in 1866. They have tliree cliildren. 
 
 O. G. Wold is a native of Norway, born Octo- 
 ber 20th, 1852. Came to tlie United States in 
 1860, and first located in Illinois. In 1868 re- 
 moved to Grant county, Minnesota, where he 
 lived on his father's farm two months. During 
 that year he came to Minneapolis and engaged in 
 his present line of business, that of dealing in and 
 manufacturing pumps, etc. Tlie firm of Reno 
 and Wold is doing a rapidly growing trade. Lo- 
 cated 103 First Avenue soutli. 
 
 Jacob A. Wolverton was born in Hunterdon 
 county. New Jersey, August 15th, 1832. He 
 went to New York city in 1854, to take a situa- 
 tion in the wholesale dry-goods house of Edward 
 Lambert & Company. In November, 1858, he 
 was married to Evelyn L. Olmstead. In the fall 
 of the next year they came to Minnesota and 
 have since been residents of Minneapolis. Mr. 
 Wolverton was connected with the dry-goods 
 house of Bell Brothers, eiglit years. Was also a 
 member of the firms of Johnson & Wolverton, 
 and Wolverton & Baker. In 1876, was appointed 
 deputy clerk of district court ; he was appointed 
 clerk the spring following to fill the vacancy 
 caused by the death of the clerk, Mr. Jerome. He 
 was elected to that office the next term and held 
 it four years. 
 
 Charles II. Woods, of the law firm of Woods & 
 Babcoek, is a native of New Hampshire, born 
 October 8th, 1836. Received an academic educa- 
 tion and a partial course at William's College. 
 He was captain in a company in the sixteenth 
 New Hampshire volunteers, and served one year 
 after which he held a government elerk.sliip for 
 three years. He removed to Minneapolis in 1866, 
 and began the practice of law ; he has been in 
 conthiuous practice since, being associated with 
 different lawyers. The firm of Woods & Bal)- 
 cock was formed in 1878. He was elected justi-e 
 of the peace at the first city election held in this 
 city, after the charter was granted. He niani&d 
 Miss Carrie C. Rice, of Vermont, in 1862. Resi- 
 dence 33 Tenth street south. 
 
 M. Woods, of the firm of Barber and Woods, 
 is a native of Montreal, Canada, born Septembsr 
 13th, 1853, and lived there until twenty-four jears 
 of age, the last seven years being passed in the 
 grocery business. He next engaged in the fur 
 trade in Manitoba, in wliich he continued until 
 coming to Minneapolis in June, 1880. In July, 
 he became a partner in the firm of Barber and 
 Woods, and engaged in the meat business at 1224 
 Western Avenue. 
 
 John G. Woolley was born February 15th, 1850, 
 at Collinsville, Butler county, Oliio. He ac- 
 companied his parents to Paris, Edgar county, 
 Illinois in 1860. In 1869, removed to California, 
 remaining one year, and in 1872 went to Europe. 
 He studied law with Honorable James A. Eads, 
 of Paris, Illinois, and attended the law college of 
 Michigan University. He became a resident of 
 Minneapolis in 1878 and formed a partnership 
 and has practiced law since. He married in 1873 
 to iSIary V. Gerhard, of Delaware, Ohio. Their 
 children are : Paul G., Edwin C. and John Rea. 
 
 James C. Worrall was born at Covington, Ken- 
 tucky, February Uth, 1855. He moved with his 
 parents to Geneseo, Illinois, in 1857, where he at- 
 tended high school, and graduated from Geneseo 
 Seminary. He entered the Union law school 
 of Chicago in 1875, and graduated after a two 
 years' course, at which time he was admitted to 
 practice. He then returned to Geneseo and 
 formed a partnership with Senator E. C. Moder- 
 well. They practiced as a law firm until 1880, 
 when Mr. Wori-all came to Minneapolis and 
 ojiened an office at 27 Wasliington .\ venue south. 
 His marriage to Miss Emnia K. Lawrence, oc- 
 curred at Geneseo, Illinois, October 3d, 1878. 
 
 R. W. York, foreman of Hose Company No. 
 Five, was born in Canada West February 12th' 
 1843. In the fall of 1850 he accompanied his pa- 
 rents to Kenosha, Wisconsin, where he attended 
 the graded scliools. He enlisted in 1861 in Com- 
 pany -'G," First Wiscon.sin Infantry, Colonel John 
 C. Starkweather ci'nn 111 liuj;. II' pirticip itf^d 
 in the first battle in Virginia at Falling Waters, 
 and was honorably ilischarge;!, and re-enlistel 
 October Stli. 1861. for tliree years. Was wounded 
 at the battle of Chickamauga. aft'T wliich he 
 was on duty as clerk of the hospital. In 1864 he 
 was discharged. R 'mnved to .Minnesota in 1865, 
 on a farm near Maiikato; two years later came to
 
 6fi2 
 
 HISTOBY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 Minneapolis. lie engaged in raipentering until 
 1875, when he joined the Minnehaha Hose Com- 
 pany No. Five. After serving one year as as.=ist- 
 ant foreman and one year as secretary, he was 
 appointed foreman in the paid department by the 
 city, and has held the position since. He was 
 married in 1864 to Celia A. Maloney. They have 
 four children: Carrie E., Robert J., Michael A. 
 and Joseph F. 
 
 Austin II. Young, judge of the fourth judicial 
 district of Minnesota, was born at Fredonia, Chau- 
 tauqua county, New York, December 8th, 1830. 
 He attended school in his native town and at 
 Waukegan, Illinois, where lie completed his 
 academic course. He studied law in the ofBce of 
 Ferry and Clark, of Waukegan, and in 1854 re- 
 moved to Prescott, Wisconsin, remaining there 
 twelve years. He was elected clerk of the cir- 
 cuit court, liolding the office until 18(i0, when he 
 was admitted to the bar. He commenced the 
 practice of his profession in partnership with M. 
 II. Fitch and continued until the latter entered 
 the army. In 1862 he was admitted to practice 
 in the supreme court of Wisconsin, and the same 
 year was elected district attorney. In 1863 he 
 waselected to the senate for two years. He came 
 to iliinieapolis in 1866 and has since been a resi- 
 dent. He commenced his practice at once in com- 
 pany with W. 1). Webb, the firm name being 
 Young and \Vel)b. Soon after Mr. Webb retired. 
 Until 1870 Mr. Young was alone in his profession 
 at which time the firm of Young and Lowry was 
 formed, continuing two years. He was elected 
 city attorney in 1871. He was elected judge 
 of the Fourth judicial district for the full term 
 expiring in 1884. He was married in April, 1854, 
 and lost his wife by death in 1868. He re-mar- 
 ried but again lost his wife by death. His pres- 
 ent wife was Miss Leonora Martin, of Vermont, 
 married April 9th, 1872. Edgar A. and Alice M., 
 are their children. 
 
 Frank Zahner is a native of (iermany, born in 
 1835. He attended school until he came to xVme- 
 rica in 1848, locating in Delaware. He served an 
 apprenticeship of three years as a blacksmith, 
 then remained two years longer. He removed to 
 New Jersey for one year, thence to the coal re- 
 gions of Pennsylvania, and afterwards to St. 
 Lawrence county. New York. He remained un- 
 til the spring of 1871, when he started west. He 
 
 arrived at Minneapolis during the year, and en- 
 gaged with the St. Anthony Iron Works Company, 
 where he remained until starting in business for 
 himself, which he did in 1879. He passed three 
 years in the army, having enlisted in the One 
 hundred and Third New York Volunteers: He 
 married Miss Maiy Temple, of New York in 1855. 
 They have five sons and two daughters. His res- 
 idence is on Central Avenue. His carriage shop 
 is located at 118 Main street south-east. 
 
 Nathaniel Zeron was born in Upper Canada, 
 October 9th, 1840. He came to Dundas, Minne- 
 sota in 1862, and for two years was engaged in 
 farming. He then began worked for J. S. Archi- 
 bald in the Dundas flouring mills and re- 
 mained there seven years. He became a resi- 
 dent of Minneapolis in 1871, and was employed 
 in the Cataract mill; he has been with that firm 
 since. He married Miss Lydia Kelso in 1874. 
 They have one child : Cora M. Residence 1518 
 Twenty-first street south. 
 
 CHAPTER LXXXV. 
 
 PRINCIPAL EVENTS CHRONOLOGICALLY AR- 
 RANGED. 
 
 1659. Groselliers (Gro-zay-yay) and Radisson 
 visit jSIinnesota. 
 
 1661 . Menard, a Jesuit missionary ascends the 
 Mississipiti according to Ilerrot, twelve years be- 
 fore Marquette saw this river. 
 
 1665. Allouez, a Jesuit, visited the Minnesota 
 shore of Lake Superior. 
 
 1679. Dii Lutli planted the arms of France, 
 one hundred and twenty leagues beyond Mille 
 Lacs. 
 
 1680. Du Luth, the first to travel in a canoe 
 from Lake Superior, by way of the St. Croix 
 river, to the Mississippi. Descending the Missis- 
 sippi, he writes to Signelay in 1683; "I proceeded 
 in a canoe two days and two nights, and the next 
 day at ten o'clock in the morning" found Accault, 
 Augelle. and Father Hennepin, with a hunting 
 party of Sioux. He writes: "The want of respect
 
 CHRONOLOGY. 
 
 668 
 
 which they showed to the said Reverend Father 
 provoked me, and this I sliowed them, telling 
 them he was my brother, and I had him placed 
 in my canoe to come with me into tlie villages of 
 said Nadouecioux." In September, Du Luth and 
 Hennepin were at the falls of St. Anthony on 
 their way to Mackinaw. 
 
 1683. Perrot and Le Sueur visit Lake Pepin. 
 Perrot with twenty men, builds a stockade at the 
 base of a bluff, upon the east bank, just above the 
 entrance of Lake Pepin. 
 
 1688. Perrot re-occnpies the post on Lake Pe- 
 pin. 
 
 1689. Perrot, at Green Bay, makes a formal 
 record of taking possession of the Sioux countiy 
 in the name of the king of France. 
 
 1693. Le Sueur at the extremity of Lake Su- 
 perior. 
 
 1694. Le Sueur builds a post, on a prairie 
 island in the Mississippi, about nine miles below 
 Hastings. 
 
 1695. Le Sueur brings the first Sioux chiefs 
 who visited Canada. 
 
 1700. Le Sueur ascends the Minnesota Eiver. 
 Fort L'Huillier built on a tributary of Blue Earth 
 River. 
 
 1702. Fort L'Huillier abandoned. 
 
 1727. Fort Beauharnois, in the fall of this 
 year, erected in sight of Maiden's Rock, Lake Pe- 
 pin, by La Perriere du Boucher. 
 
 1728. Verendrye stationed at Lake Nepigon. 
 
 1731. Verendrye's sons reach Rainy Lake. 
 Fort St. Pierre erected at Rainy Lake. 
 
 1732. Fort St. Charles erected at the south- 
 west corner of tlie Lake of the AVoods. 
 
 1734. Fort Maurepas estabhshed on Winnipeg 
 River. 
 
 1736. Verendrye's son and others massacred by 
 the Sioux on an isle in the Lake of the Woods. 
 
 1738. Fort La Reine on the Red River estab- 
 lished. 
 
 1743. Verendrye's sons reach the Rocky Moun- 
 tains. 
 
 . 1766. Jonathan Carver, on November 17th, 
 reaches the Falls of St. Anthony. 
 
 1794. Sandy' Lake occupied by the North- 
 west Company. 
 
 1802. William Morrison tradesat Leach Lake. 
 
 1804. William Morrison trades at Elk Lake, 
 now Itasca. 
 
 1805. Lieutenant Z. M. Pike purchases the site 
 since occupied by Fort Snelling. 
 
 1817. Earl of Selkirk passes through Minne- 
 sota for Ijake Winnipeg. 
 
 Major Stephen H. Long, JJ. S. A., visits Falls of 
 St. Anthony. 
 
 1818. Dakotali war party under Black Dog at- 
 tack Ojibways on the Pomme de Terra River. 
 
 1819. Col. Leavenworth aiTives on the 24th of 
 August, with troops at Mendota. 
 
 1820. J. B. Faribault brings up to Mendota, 
 horses for Col. Leavenworth. 
 
 Laidlow, superintendent of farming for Earl 
 Selkirk, passes from Pembina to Prairie du Chien 
 to purchase seed wheat. Upon the 15th of April 
 left Prairie du Chien witli. Mackinaw boats and 
 ascended the Minnesota to Big Stone Lake, where 
 the boats were placed on rollers and dragged a 
 short distance to Lake Traverse, and on the 3d 
 of June, reached Pembina. 
 
 On the 5th of May, Col. Leavenworth estalv 
 lished summer quarters at Camp Coldwater, Hen- 
 nepin county. 
 
 In July, Governor Cass, of Michigan, visits the 
 camp. 
 
 In August, Col. Snelhng succeeds Leaven- 
 worth. 
 
 September 20th. comer stone laid under com- 
 m&nd of Col. Snelling. 
 
 First white marriage in Minnesota, Lieutenant 
 Green to daughter of Captain Gooding. 
 
 First white child born in Minnesota, daughter 
 of Col. Snelling ; died following year. 
 
 1821. Fort St. Anthony was sufficiently com- 
 pleted to be occuiiied by troops. 
 
 Mill at St. Anthony Falls constructed for the 
 use of garrison, undeithe supervision of Lieuten- 
 ant McCabe. 
 
 1822. Col. Dickson attempted to take a drove 
 of cattle to Pembina. 
 
 1823. The tirst steamboat, the Virginia, on 
 May 10th, arrived at the moutli of the Minnesota 
 river. 
 
 Mill stones for grinding flour sent to St. An- 
 thony Falls. 
 
 Major Long, U. S. A., visits the northern 
 boundary by way of the Minnesota and Red 
 river. 
 
 Beltrami, the Italian traveler, explores the 
 northernmost source of the Mississippi.
 
 664 
 
 HISTOBT OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 1824. General "Winfield Scott inspects Fort 
 St. Anthony, and at his suggestion the War De- 
 partment changed the name to Fort Snelling. 
 
 1825. April -Jth. steamboat Rufus Putnam 
 reaches the Fort. May, steamboat Eufus Put- 
 nam arrives again and delivers freight at Land's 
 End trading post on the Minnesota, about a mile 
 above the Fort. 
 
 1826. January 26th, first mail in five months 
 received at the Fort. 
 
 Deep snow during February and March. 
 
 March 20th, snow from twelve to eighteen 
 inches. 
 
 April 5th, snow storm with flashes of light- 
 ning. 
 
 April 10th, thermometer four degrees above 
 zero. 
 
 April 21st. ice began to move in the river at 
 the Fort, and with twenty feet above low water 
 mark. 
 
 May 2d, first steamboat of the season, the Law- 
 rence. Captaui Keeder, took a pleasure party to 
 vrithin three miles of the Falls of St. Anthony. 
 
 1826. Dakotahs kill an Ojibway near Fort 
 Snelling. 
 
 1827. Flat Mouth's party of Ojibways at- 
 tacked at Fort Snellmg, and Sioux delivered by 
 Colonel Snelling to be killed by Ojibways, and 
 their bodies thrown over the bluff Into the river. 
 
 General Gaines inspects Fort Snelling. 
 Troops of the Fifth Kegiment relieved by those 
 of the First. 
 
 1828. Colonel Snelling dies in Washington. 
 
 1829. Kev. Alvan Coe and J. D. Stevens, 
 Presbyterian missionaries \isit the Indians around 
 Fort Snelling. 
 
 Major TaliafeiTO. Indian agent, establislies a 
 farm for the benefit of the Indians at Lake Cal- 
 houn, which he called Eatonville, after the sec- 
 retary of war. 
 
 Winter, Spring and Summer very dry. One 
 Inch was the average monthly fall of rain or 
 snow for ten months. "\'egetation more back- 
 ward than it had been for ten years. 
 
 1830. August nth, a sentinel at Fort Snell- 
 ing, just before daylight, discovered the Indian 
 council house on fire. Wa-pa-sha"s son in-law 
 was the incendiary. 
 
 1831. August 17th, an old trader, Kocque. 
 and his son arrived at Fort Snelling from Prairie 
 
 du Chien, having lieen twenty-six days on the 
 journey. Under the influence of whiskey or stu- 
 pidity, they ascended the St. Croix by mistake, 
 and were lost for fifteen days. 
 
 1832. May 12th. steamboat Versailles arrived 
 at Fort Snelling. 
 
 June 16th. William Carr arrives from Missouri 
 at Fort Snelling, with a drove of cattle and 
 horses. 
 
 Henry R. Schoolcraft explores the sources of 
 the ;Missisippi. 
 
 1833. Rev. AV. T. Boutwell establishes a mis- 
 sion among the Ojibways at Leech Lake. 
 
 E. F. Ely opens a mission school for Ojibways 
 at Aitkin's trading post. Sandy Lake. 
 
 1834. May. Samuel W. and Gideon H. Pond 
 arrive at Lake Calhoun as missionaries among the 
 Sioux. 
 
 November. Henry H. Sibley arrives at Men- 
 dota as agent of Fur Company. 
 
 1835. May. Rev. T. S. Williamson and J. D. 
 Stevens aiTive as Sioux missionaries, with Alex-, 
 ander G. Huggins as lay-assistant. 
 
 June. Presbyterian Church at Fort Snelling 
 organized. 
 
 July 31st. A Red River train arrives at Fort 
 Snelling with fifty or sixty head of cattle, and 
 about twenty-five horses. 
 
 ilajor J. L. Bean surveys the Sioux and Chip- 
 peway boimdary line under treaty of 1825, as far 
 as Otter Tail Lake. 
 
 November. Col. S. C. Stambaugh arrives; is 
 sutler at Fort Snelling. 
 
 1836. May 6th, "Missouri Fulton," first steam- 
 boat, arrives at Fort Snelling. 
 
 May 29th. "Frontier," Capt. Harris, arrives. 
 
 June 1st. •'Palmyra" arrives. 
 
 July 2ud. "Saint Peters'' arrives with J. X. 
 Nicollet as passenger. 
 
 July 30th. Sacs and Foxes kiU twenty-four 
 'Winnebagoes on Root River. 
 
 1837. Rev. Stephen R. Riggs and wife join 
 Lake Ilaniet Mission. 
 
 Rev. A. Brunson and David King establish . 
 Kaposia Mission. 
 
 Commissionei-s Dodge and Smith at Fort Snell- 
 ing make a treaty with the Chippeways to cede 
 lands east of the Mississippi. 
 
 Franklin Steele and others make claims at Falls 
 of St. CroLx and St. Anthony.
 
 CHROKOLOGT. 
 
 665 
 
 September 29th. Sioux chiefs at Wasliington 
 sign a treaty. 
 
 November lOtli. Steamboat Kolla arrives at 
 Fort SneUing witli tlie Sioux on their return from 
 AVasliington. 
 
 December 12th. Jeremiah Russell and L. W. 
 Stratton make the first claim at Marine, in St. 
 Croix valley. 
 
 1838. April, Hole-in-tlie Day and party kill 
 thirteen of the Lac-qui-parle Sioux. Martin Mc- 
 Leod from Pembina after twenty-eight days of 
 exposure to snow, reaches Lake Traverse. 
 
 May 25, steamboat Burlington arrives at Fort 
 Snelling with J. N. Nicollet and J. C. Fremont 
 on a scientific expedition. 
 
 June 14th, Maryatt, the British novelist, Frank- 
 lin Steele and others rode from the Fort to view 
 Falls of St. Anthony. 
 
 July 15th, steamboat Palmyra arrives at Fort . 
 Snelling with an official notice of the ratification 
 of treaty. Men arrived to develop the St. Croix 
 Valley. 
 
 August 2d, Ilole-in-the Day encamped with a 
 party of Chippeways near Fort Snelling, and was 
 attacked by Sioux from Mud Lake, and one killed 
 and another wounded. 
 
 August 27th, steamboat Ariel arrives with 
 commissioners Pease and Ewuig to examine half- 
 breed claims. 
 
 September 30th, steamboat Ariel makes the 
 first trip up the St. Croix river. 
 
 October 2Cth, steamboat Gypsy first to arrive 
 at Falls of St. Croix with annuity goods for the 
 Chippeways. In passing through Lake St. Croix 
 grounded near the town site laid out by S. C. 
 Stambaugh, and called Stambaughville. 
 
 1839. April 14th, first steamboat at Fort Snell- 
 ing, the Ariel, Capt. Lyons. 
 
 Henry M. Rice arrives at Fort Snelling. 
 
 May 2d, Rev. E. G. Gear, of the Protestant 
 Episcopal church, recently appointed chaplain, 
 arrived at the Fort in the steamboat Gypsy. 
 
 May 12th, steamboat Fayette arrives on the 
 St. Croix, having been at Fort Snelling, with 
 members of Marine Mill Company. 
 
 May 21st, the Glancus, Captain Atchison ar- 
 rives at Fort Snelling. 
 
 June 1st, the Pennsylvania, Captain Stone ar- 
 rives at Fort Snelling. 
 
 June 5th, the Glancus arrives again. 
 
 June 6th, the " Ariel" arrives again. 
 
 June 12th, at Lake Harriet mission. Rev. D. 
 Gavin, Swiss missionary among tlie Sioux at Red 
 Wing, was married to Cordelia Stevens, teacher 
 at Lake Harriet mission. 
 
 June 25tli, steamboat " Knickerbocker," arrived 
 at Fort Snelling. 
 
 June 26th, steamboat " Ariel," on thkd trip. 
 
 June 27th, a train of Red river carts, under 
 Mr. Sinclair with emigrants, who encamped near 
 the fort. 
 
 July 2d, Chippeways kill a Sioux of Lake Cal- 
 houn band. 
 
 July 3d, Sionx attack Chippeways in ravine 
 above Stillwater. 
 
 1840. April, Rev. Lucian Galtier, of the Ro- 
 man Catholic church, arrives at Mendota. 
 
 May 6th, squatters removed on military reser- 
 vation. 
 
 June 15th, Thomas Simpson, Arctic explorer, 
 shoots himself near Turtle river, under aberration 
 of mind. 
 
 June 17, four Chippeways kill and scalp a Sioux 
 man and woman. 
 
 1 841 . March 6, wild geese appeared at the fort. 
 March 20th. Mississippi opened. 
 
 April 6th, steamboat " Otter," Captain Hanis 
 arrived. Kaboka, an old chief of Lake Calhoun 
 band, killed by Chippewa) s. 
 
 May 24th, Sioux attack Chippeways at Lake 
 Pokeguma, of Snake river. Methodist mission 
 moved from Kaposia to Red Rock, Rev. B. F. 
 Kavenaugh, superintendent. 
 
 November 1st, Father Galtier completes the 
 log chapel of St. Paul, which gave tlie name to 
 the capital of Minnesota. Rev. Augustin Rav- 
 oux aiTives. 
 
 1842. July, the Chippeways attack the Kapo- 
 sia Sioux. 
 
 1843. Stillwater laid out. Ayer, Spencer and 
 Ely establish a Chippewa mission at Red lake. 
 
 July 15th, Thomas Longley, brother-in-law of 
 Rev. S. R. Riggs, drowned at Traverse des Sioux 
 mission station. 
 
 1844. August, Captain Allen with fifty dra- 
 goons marches from Fort Des Moines through 
 southwestern Minnesota and on the 10th of Sep- 
 tember reaches the Big Sioux river. Sisseton 
 war party kill an American named Watson, driv- 
 ing cattle to Fort Snelling.
 
 666 
 
 HISTOEY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 1845. June 25th, Captain Sumner reaches 
 Traverse des Sioux, and proceeding northward 
 arrested three of the murderers of AVatson. 
 
 1846. Dr. Williamson, Sioux missionary', moves 
 from Lac-qui-parle to Kaposia. ilarch 31st, 
 steamboat Lynx. Captain Atchison, anives at 
 Fort Snelling. 
 
 1847. St. Croix county, Wisconsin, organized, 
 Stillwater the county seat. Harriet E. Bishop 
 establishes a school at St. Paul. Saw mills be- 
 gim at St. Anthony falls. 
 
 August, Commissioners Yerplauck and Henry 
 M. Eice make treaties with the Chippeways at 
 Fon du Lac and Leech Lake. The town of St. 
 Paul sun-eyed, platted, and recorded in the St. 
 Croix county register of deeds office. 
 
 1848. Henry H. Sibley, delegate to congress 
 from Wisconsin territoiy. 
 
 May 29th, AVisconsin admitted, lea\'lng ilinne- 
 sota (with its present boundaries) without a gov- 
 ernment. 
 
 August 26th, "Stillwater convention" held to 
 take measures for a separate territorial organiza- 
 tion. 
 
 October 30th, H. H. Sibley elected delegate to 
 congress. 
 
 1849. ;March, Act of congress creating Minne- 
 sota territory. 
 
 April 9th. ■■Highland Mar}."" Captain Atchison, 
 arrives at St. Paul. 
 
 April 18th. James M. Goodhue anives at St. 
 Paul with first newspaper press. 
 
 May 27th, Gov. Alexander Eamsey arrives at 
 ^lendota. 
 
 June 1st, Gov. Ramsey issues proclamation de- 
 claring the territoi-j- duly organized. 
 
 August 1st. H. H. Sibley elected delegate to con- 
 gress for Minnesota. 
 
 September 3d. First legislature convened. 
 
 Xovember, First Presbyterian church. St. Paul, 
 organized. 
 
 December, first literary address at falls of St. 
 Anthony. 
 
 1850. Januan- 1st. Historical Society meeting. 
 June lull. Indian council at Fort Snelling. 
 June 14lh, Steamer Governor Eamsey makes 
 
 first trip above Falls of St. Anthony. 
 
 June 26th. the Anthony Wayne reaches the 
 Falls of !^t Anthony. 
 
 July 18th, Steamboat Anthony Wayne ascends 
 
 the ilinnesota to the vicinitj- of Traverse des 
 Sioux. 
 
 July 2oth, Steamboat Yankee goes beyond 
 Blue Earth River. 
 
 September, H. H. Sibley elected delegate to 
 congress. 
 
 October, Fredi'ika Bremer, Swedish novelist, 
 visits Miimesota. 
 
 Xovember, the Dakotah Friend, a monthly 
 paper, appeared. 
 
 December, Colonel D. A. Eobertson establishes 
 Minnesota Democrat. 
 
 December 26th. first public Thanksgiving day. 
 
 1851. May. St Anthony Express newspaper 
 began its career. 
 
 July, treat)- concluded with the Sioux at Trav- 
 erse des Sioux. 
 
 July, Eev, Robei-t Hopkins, Sioux missionary-, 
 drowned. 
 
 August, treaty concluded with the Sioux at 
 Mankato. 
 
 September 19th, the Minnesotian, of St. Paul, 
 edited by J. P. Owens, appeared. 
 
 ^s^ovember, Jerome Fuller, chief justice in place 
 of Aaron Goodrich, arrives. 
 
 December ISth, Thanksgi\'ing day. 
 
 1852. Hennepin county created. 
 
 February 14th, Dr. Rae, Arctic explorer, arrives 
 at St. Paul with dog train. 
 
 May 14th, land slide at Stillwater. 
 
 August, -las. M. Goodhue, pioneer editor, dies. 
 
 Xovember, Yuhazee, an Indian, convicted of 
 murder. 
 
 18-53. April 27th, Chippeways and Sioux fight 
 in streets of St. Paul. Governor Willis A. Gor- 
 man succeeds Governor Ramsey. 
 
 October, Henr>- M. Rice elected delegate to 
 congress. The capitol building completed. 
 
 1854. March 3d, Presbyterian mission house 
 near Lac-qui-parle burned. 
 
 June 8th. gieat excursion from Chicago to St. 
 Paul and St. Anthony Falls. 
 
 December 27lh, Yuhazee. the Indian, hung at 
 St. Paul. 
 
 1855. Januan'. First bridge over Mississippi 
 completed at Falls of St. Anthony. 
 
 October. H. 'M. Rice re-elected to congress. 
 
 December 12th. James Stewart arrives in St. 
 Paul direct from Arctic regions, with relics of 
 Sir- John Frankhn.
 
 CHRONOLOGY. 
 
 667 
 
 1856. Erection of State University building 
 was begun. 
 
 18-57. Congress passes an act authorizing peo- 
 ple of Minnesota to vote for a constitution. 
 
 Marcli. Inkpadootah slaughters settlers in 
 South-west Minnesota. 
 
 Governor Samuel Medary succeeds Governor 
 W. A. Gorman. 
 
 March 5th. Land-grant by congress for rail- 
 ways. 
 
 April 27th. Special session of legislature con- 
 venes. 
 
 July. On second Monday convention to form 
 a constitution assembles at Capitol. 
 
 October 13th. Election for state officers, and 
 ratifying of the constitution. 
 
 H. II. Sibley first governor under the state con- 
 stitution. 
 
 December. On first Wednesday, first state leg- 
 islature assembles. 
 
 December. Henry M. Rice and James Shields 
 elected United States senators. 
 
 185S. April 15th. People approve act of leg- 
 islature loaning the public credit for five millions 
 of dollars to certain railway companies. 
 
 May 11th. Minnesota becomes one of the 
 United States of America. 
 
 Jmie 2nd. Adjourned meeting of legislature 
 held. 
 
 November. Supreme court of state orders 
 Governor Sibley to issue railroad bonds. 
 
 December. Governor Sibley declares the bonds 
 a failure. 
 
 1859. Normal school law passed. 
 
 June. Burbank and Company place the first 
 steamboat on Red River of the North. 
 
 August. Bishop T. L. Grace arrived at St. 
 Paul. 
 
 1859. October llth, state election, Alexander 
 Ramsey chosen Governor. 
 
 1860. March 23d, Anna Bilanski hung at St. 
 Paul for the murder of her husband, the first 
 white person executed in Minnesota. 
 
 August 9th, telegraph line completed to St. 
 Paul. 
 
 1861. April llth, Gov. Ramsey calls upon pres- 
 dentin Washington and offers a regiment of vol- 
 unteers. 
 
 June 21st, First Minnesota Regiment, Col. W. 
 A. Gorman leaves for Washington. 
 
 July 21st, First Minnesota in battle of Bull 
 Run. 
 
 October 13th. Second Miimesota Infantry, Col. 
 II. P. Van Cleve leaves Fort Snelling. 
 
 November 16th, Third Minnesota Infantry, II. 
 C. Lester go to seat of war. 
 
 1862. January 19th, Second Minnesota in bat- 
 tle at Mill Spring Kentucky. 
 
 April 6th, First Minnesota Batteiy, Captain 
 Munch, at Pittsburgh Landing. 
 
 April 21st, Second Minnesota Battery, goes to 
 seat of war. 
 
 April 21st, Fourth Minnesota Infantry Volun 
 teers, Col. J. B. Sanlwrn leaves Fort Snelling. 
 
 May 13tli, Fifth Regiment \^olunteers Col. Bor- 
 gensrode leaves for the seat of war. 
 
 May 28th, Second, Fourth and Fifth in battle 
 near Corinth, Mississippi. 
 
 May 31st, First Minnesota in battle at Fair 
 Oaks, Virginia. ^ 
 
 June 29th, First Minnesota in battle at Savage 
 Station. 
 
 June 30th, First Minnesota in battle near Wil- 
 lis' Church. 
 
 July 1 , First Minnesota in battle at Malvern Hill. 
 
 August, Sixth Regiment Col. Crooks organized. 
 
 August, Seventh Regiment, Col. Miller organ- 
 ized. 
 
 August. Eighth Regiment Col. Thomas organ- 
 ized. 
 
 August, Ninth Regiment, Col. Wilkin organ- 
 ized. 
 
 August 18th, Sioux attack whites at Lower 
 Sioux Agency. 
 
 September 23d, Col. Sibley defeats Sioux at 
 Mud Lake. 
 
 December 26th, Thirty-eight Sioux executed 
 on the same scaffold at Mankato. 
 
 1863. January, Alexander Ramsey elected 
 United States Senator. 
 
 May 14th, Fourth and Fifth Regiment in battle 
 near Jackson, Mississippi. 
 
 July 2d, First Minnesota Infantry in battle at 
 Gettysburgh, Pennsylvania. 
 
 September 19th, Second Minnesota Infantry 
 engaged at Chickamauga, Tennessee. 
 
 November 23d, Second Minnesota Infantry 
 engaged at Mission Ridge. 
 
 1864. January, Col. Stephen Miller inaugu- 
 rated Governor of Minnesota.
 
 668 
 
 HISTORY OF SENyFPIN COUNTY. 
 
 March 30th, Tliird Minnesota Infantrj- engaged 
 at Fitzhiigh"s Woods. 
 
 June 6th, Fiftli Minnesota Infantry engaged at 
 Lake Chicot, Arkansas. 
 
 July 13th, Seventh. Ninth, and Tentli, with 
 portion of Fiftli Minnesota Infantry engaged 
 at Tupelo. Mississippi. 
 
 July 14th, Colonol Alex. Wilkin of the Xinth 
 killed. 
 
 October lotli, Fourth Regunent engaged near 
 Altoona, Georgia. 
 
 December 7th, Eighth Regiment engaged near 
 Murfreesboro, Tennessee. 
 
 Fifth. Seventh, Ninth and Tenth Regiments 
 at Nashville. Tenn. 
 
 1865. Jiuniary 10th, Daniel S. Norton, elected 
 United States senator. 
 
 April 9th. Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, Ninth and 
 Tenth at the siege of Mobile. 
 
 November 10th, Shakpedan, Sioux chief, and 
 Medicine Bottle exeeuted at Fort Snelling. 
 
 1S66. January 8th, Colonel William R. Mar- 
 shall inaugurated Governor of Minnesota. 
 
 1867. Preparatory department of the State 
 University, opened. 
 
 1868. January, Governor Marshall enters upon 
 second "term. 
 
 January 1st, Miimesota State Reform School 
 opened for inmates. 
 
 1869. Bill passed by legislature, removing 
 seat of government to a spot near Big Kandiyohi 
 Lake — vetoed by Governor Marshall. 
 
 1 870. January 7th, Horace Austin inaugurated 
 as governor. 
 
 1871. January, Wm. AVindom elected United 
 States senator. In the fall destructive fires oc- 
 casioned by high winds, swept over frontier coun- 
 ties. 
 
 1872. January, Governor Austin enters upon 
 a second term. 
 
 1873. January 7th, 8th and 9th, polar wave 
 sweeps over the state, seventy persons perishing. 
 
 Jilay 22d, the senate of Minnesota convicts state 
 treasurer of corruption in office. 
 
 September, grasshopper raid began and con- 
 tinued five seasons. Jay Cooke failure occasions 
 a financial panic. 
 
 1874. January 9th, Cushman K. Davis in- 
 augurated governor. W^illiam S. King elected to 
 congress. 
 
 1875. February 19th, S. J. R. McMillan elected 
 United States senator. 
 
 November, amendment to state constitution, 
 allowing any woman twenty-one years of age to 
 vote for school officers, and to bs eligible for 
 school offices. Rocky Mountain locusts destroy 
 crops in southwestern Minnesota. 
 
 1876. January 7th, John S. PiUsbury inaugur- 
 ated governor. 
 
 January 12th, State Forestry association or- 
 ganized. 
 
 September 6th, outlaws from Missouri kill the 
 cashier of the Northfield Bank. 
 
 1879. November, state constitution amended 
 forbidding public moneys to be used for the sup- 
 port of schools wherein the distinctive creeds or 
 tracts of any particular Christian or otlier relig- 
 ous sect are taught. J. II. Stewart, M. D.. elected 
 to congress. Biennial sessions of the legislature 
 adopted. 
 
 1878. January, Governor PiUsbuary enters 
 upon a second term. 
 
 May 2d, explosion in the Washburn and other 
 flour mills at Minneapohs. One himdred and fifty 
 thousand dollars appropriated to purchase seed 
 grain for destitute settlers. 
 
 1880. November loth, a portion of the Insane 
 Asylum at St. Peter was destroyed by fire and 
 twenty-seven inmates lost their lives.
 
 TOWKSmr DlBECTOIilES. 
 
 669 
 
 TOAVNSPriP DIRECTORIES. 
 
 CHAPTER LXXXVI. 
 
 BLOOMINGTON. 
 P. O. 
 
 Adelman, M., farmer Richfield, 
 Aliern, David, fanner, Riclitield, 
 Ames, Orville, farmer, 
 
 Bloomington Ferry, 
 Ahem, Geo., farmer, Richfield, 
 Ancel, J. S., farmer, Bloomiiigton, 
 Bropau, Margaret, Bloomiiigton, 
 Bradbury, A., farmer, Minneapolis, 
 Buchle, S., farmer, Bloomington, 
 Boeser, W., farmer, Richfield, 
 Bradbury, J. H., f "mer, Bloomington, 
 Bazley,T.T., farmer, 
 
 Bloomington Ferry, 
 Brewster, Wm., farmer, 
 
 Bloomington Ferry, 
 Bailliff, E. A., farmer, Bloomington, 
 Bailliff, R. L., farmer, Bloomington, 
 Batcheller, J. P., f 'mer, Bloomington, 
 Bunker, F. R., farmer, 
 
 Bloomington Ferry, 
 Brown, John, farmer, 
 
 Bloomington Feny, 
 Brewster, Martha, farmer, 
 
 Bloomington Ferry, 
 Beecroft, John, farmer, ]51oomington, 
 Couillard, A. II., f 'mer, Minneapolis, 
 Christian, Peter, f'mer, Bloomington, 
 Cummings, J. M., f'mer, Richfield, 
 Constantine, C, f'mer, Fort Snelling, 
 Cumming, A., mch't and postmaster, 
 Bloomington, 
 Coleman, 11., farmer, Bloomington, 
 Cooper. John, farmer, Bloomington, 
 Chadwick, Wm., farmer, 
 
 Bloomington Ferry, 
 Cunningham, II. D., farmer, 
 
 Bloomington Ferry, 
 
 A. 
 
 S. 
 
 98 
 
 4 
 
 160 
 
 18 
 
 f.4 
 
 •5 
 
 80 
 
 17 
 
 160 
 
 19 
 
 
 14 
 
 310 
 
 2 
 
 20 
 
 2 
 
 80 
 
 9 
 
 160 15 
 
 148 29 
 
 120 32 
 
 96J 19 
 
 170 21 
 
 163 21 
 
 80 31 
 
 220 5 
 
 80 32 
 
 114 14 
 
 74 1 
 
 80 2 
 
 76 3 
 
 2 12 
 
 16 
 
 50 18 
 
 160 29 
 
 315 6 
 
 119 5 
 
 P. O. A 
 Cameron, J., ferrymen. 
 
 Bloomington Ferry, 10 6 
 Chadwick, Robt., farmer, 
 
 Bloomington Ferr>', SO 32 
 
 Chattell, v., farmer, Bloomington, 160 17 
 
 Camont, Aime, farmer,Bloomington, 150 17 
 
 Dean, J. I., farmer, Bloomington, 160 10 
 
 Davis, James, farmer, Bloomington, 132 lo 
 
 Douthwaite, G., frm'r, Bloomington, 120 8 
 
 Dean, Robert, farmer, Bloomington, 160 19 
 
 Davis, N. J., farmer, Bloomington, 160 14 
 
 Davis, T. W., farmer, Bloomington, 80 22 
 
 Dean, C. J. & R. H., Bloomington, 160 19 
 
 Ellingson, S., farmer, Bloomington Ferry, 300 6 
 
 Gnassir, J., farmer, Richfield, 40 8 
 
 Girard, Jos., farmer, Bloomington, 370 17 
 
 Goodrich, R., farmer. Bloomington Ferry , 193 4 
 
 Goodrich, E., farmer, Rloomington Ferry, 2 5 
 
 Hanson, W., farmer, Fort Snelling, 320 1 
 
 Haeg, VaPine, farmer, Richfield, 480 4 
 
 Hisler, John, farmer, Bloomington, 229 2 
 
 Harford, E. J., farmer, Bloomington, 160 10 
 
 Harmon, H., farmer, Bloomington, 160 15 
 
 Harrison, J., farmer, Bloomington, 171 16 
 
 Ilaughey, J., farmer, Bloomington, 75 16 
 
 Hyland, R., farmer, Bloomington Ferry, 34 29 
 
 Hopkins, W. J., " Bloomington, 121 22 
 
 Ilelmuth, II., farmer, Bloomington, 80 30 
 
 Haeg, D., farmer, Bloomington, 80 3 
 
 Ilausler, V., farmer, Richfield, 80 3 
 
 Harrison, W. A., " Bloomington 16 
 
 Kierce, P., farmer, Riclifleld, 40 5 
 Knott, J. C, farmer, 
 
 Bloomington Ferry, 100 31 
 Kell, Charles, farmer, 
 
 Bloomuigton Ferry, 40 31 
 Kelley, R. II., farmer, 
 
 Bloomington Ferry. 148 32 
 
 Kelley, J. N., farmer, Bloomington, 100 32 
 
 Kirk, J. II., farmer, Richfield, 80 9
 
 670 
 
 HISTORY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 p. o. 
 
 A. 
 
 s. 
 
 
 p. o. 
 
 A. 
 
 s. 
 
 Kell. Will., farmer. Riclifield, 
 
 285 
 
 4 
 
 Schofield, Z. IL, farmer, Bloomington, 
 
 
 23 
 
 Kelly, J. W., farmer, 
 
 
 
 Tynan, Thos., farmer. 
 
 Minneapolis, 
 
 80 
 
 17 
 
 Bloomiiigtoii Ferry, 
 
 48 
 
 32 
 
 Thompson, A. P., " Bloomington Ferry 
 
 160 
 
 31 
 
 Keongli, H., fanner, Bloomington. 
 
 206 
 
 20 
 
 Thomas, A. P., farmei 
 
 , Bloomington, 
 
 220 
 
 19 
 
 Linka, Joseph, farmf r, Fort Snelling, 
 
 65 
 
 o 
 
 Van Xess, G. Jr. " 
 
 Minnehaha, 
 
 40 
 
 1 
 
 Layman, J. D., farmer, KichneUl, 
 
 277 
 
 o 
 
 Vesey, Tliomas, " Bloomington Ferry 
 
 341 
 
 4 
 
 Lampman, B., farmer, :Minneapolis, 
 
 183 
 
 3 
 
 Van Xess, Sen., " 
 
 Minneapolis, 
 
 40 
 
 1 
 
 Logan, J., farmer, 
 
 
 
 Williams. L., " 
 
 151oomington, 
 
 80 
 
 15 
 
 Bloomington Ferry, 
 
 7 
 
 19 
 
 Wrasper. Jos., " 
 
 Bloomington Ferr 
 
 y, «3 
 
 30 
 
 Lampman, G., farmer, Minneapolis, 
 
 56 
 
 11 
 
 West, W., farmer, 
 
 Bloomington Ferry, 40 
 
 32 
 
 Le Borius, J., farmer, Jlinnelialia, 
 
 114 
 
 1 
 
 Wren, L., farmar, 
 
 Bloomington, 
 
 126 
 
 28 
 
 McLeod, W. S., farmer, Bloomington, 
 MeChay, S., farmer, 
 
 101 
 
 oo 
 
 BROOKLYX. 
 
 
 
 Bloomington Ferry, 
 
 77 
 
 30 
 
 Abbott. X. G., farmei 
 
 , Minneapolis, 
 
 80 
 
 25 
 
 McMoii-, J., farmer, Bloomington, 
 
 160 
 
 31 
 
 Atkinson, Lewis, farmer. 
 
 
 
 Mahoney, J., farmer, Bloomington, 
 
 307 
 
 12 
 
 
 Champlin, 
 
 
 3 
 
 !Moir, Mary, farmer, Bloomington, 
 
 160 
 
 21 
 
 Archer, Jas., farmer, 
 
 Brooklyn Centre, 
 
 166 
 
 35 
 
 Moll, John, farmer, Bloomington, 
 
 80 
 
 22 
 
 Bennett, R. L., 
 
 Shingle Creek 
 
 80 
 
 3 
 
 Miller, E. B., farmer, Bloomington, 
 
 185 
 
 30 
 
 Brigham, Levi, farmei 
 
 ,Osseo, 
 
 140 
 
 6 
 
 McAfee, "Wm., miller, Bloomington, 
 
 
 1 
 
 Brown. M. L., farmer 
 
 Brooklyn Centre, 
 
 66 
 
 9 
 
 Nusser, John, farmer. Fort Snelling, 
 
 80 
 
 1 
 
 Bragdon, Alonzo, far.. 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 120 
 
 10 
 
 Isesbit, James, farmer, 
 
 
 
 Brown, H. M., farmer 
 
 , Osseo, 
 
 40 
 
 17 
 
 Bloomington Ferry, 
 
 164 
 
 33 
 
 Brown, M. M., farmer 
 
 , Osseo, 
 
 40 
 
 19 
 
 Oxborough, T., fanner, Bloomington, 
 
 180 
 
 9 
 
 Buckholz, John, far.. 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 80 
 
 21 
 
 Oxborough, J., farmer, Bloomington, 
 
 80 
 
 9 
 
 Benson, A. IL, farme 
 
 •,Minneapolis, 
 
 200 
 
 25 
 
 Oxborough, R., farmer, Eichfielil, 
 
 78 
 
 9 
 
 Bohanon, H. C, far.. 
 
 Brooklyn Centre, 
 
 84 
 
 28 
 
 Oxborough, W., farmer. Richflelcl, 
 
 80 
 
 9 
 
 Balfour, M.G.,carpt, 
 
 Shingle Creek, 
 
 10 
 
 35 
 
 Oxborough, M., farmer, Richfield, 
 
 80 
 
 9 
 
 Baker, E., farmer, 
 
 Shingle Creek, 
 
 9 
 
 36 
 
 Peteler, JSIarg., farmer, Richfield, 
 
 74 
 
 3 
 
 Browii, 0. II., carpt, 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 o 
 
 18 
 
 Palmer, J. T., farmer, Bloomington, 
 
 103 
 
 11 
 
 Benson, C. H., farmer 
 
 , Minneapolis, 
 
 40 
 
 25 
 
 Palmer. W.. farmer, Bloomington, 
 
 41 
 
 11 
 
 Colton, D., farmer, 
 
 Shingle Creek, 
 
 123 
 
 11 
 
 Palmer, P.. farmer, Bloomington, 
 
 80 
 
 14 
 
 Christianson, C, far.. 
 
 Minneapolis, 
 
 38 
 
 23 
 
 Pease, S., farmer, Bloomington, 
 
 3 
 
 33 
 
 Crosman, A. M., far.. 
 
 Minneapolis, 
 
 35 
 
 26 
 
 Palmer, A., farmer, Bloomington, 
 
 411 
 
 20 
 
 Coulter, A. J., farmer 
 
 Minneapolis, 
 
 146 
 
 32 
 
 Pepin, M., farmer, Bloomington, 
 
 80 
 
 20 
 
 Crooker, N., farmer. 
 
 Shingle Creek, 
 
 210 
 
 36 
 
 Pond, E. R., farmer, Bloomington, 
 
 50 
 
 22 
 
 Capron, T. C, farmer 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 SO 
 
 19 
 
 Petterson, P. M., " Bloomington, 
 
 291 
 
 30 
 
 Curtis. II. , farmer. 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 SO 
 
 17 
 
 Ryan, Wm., farmer, Richfield, 
 
 120 
 
 5 
 
 Chandler, E. II., carpt 
 
 . &far.. 
 
 
 
 Ray, Moses, farmer, Bloomington Ferry 
 
 , 40 
 
 29 
 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 
 7 
 
 Ray, Wm., farmer, Bloomington Ferry 
 
 160 
 
 30 
 
 Chipman, S, farmer. 
 
 ^Minneapolis, 
 
 40 
 
 35 
 
 Smith, J. E., farmer, ^linneapolis. 
 
 116 
 
 1 
 
 Dexter, L. D., farmer 
 
 , Minneapolis, 
 
 114 
 
 26 
 
 St. Martin, S., farmer, Bloomington. 
 
 120 
 
 8 
 
 Dibb, Isaac, farmer. 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 160 
 
 30 
 
 Slavin, Pat., farmer, Richfield, 
 
 85 
 
 6 
 
 Dexter, Z. H., farmer 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 82 
 
 30 
 
 St. Martin, E. S. " Bloomington, 
 
 160 
 
 17 
 
 Dorn, C. P., farmer. 
 
 Brooklyn Centre, 
 
 58 
 
 34 
 
 St. Martin, S. G., '• Bloonungton, 
 
 80 
 
 15 
 
 Duruam. J. M., far.. 
 
 Minneapolis, 
 
 142 
 
 36 
 
 St. Martin, P., farmer, Bloomington, 
 
 160 
 
 8 
 
 Diirnam, G. A., far. 
 
 iliuneapolis, 
 
 10 
 
 36 
 
 Standish, F. G., " Bloomington, 
 
 80 
 
 16 
 
 Durnam, A. B., fiir.. 
 
 Minneapolis, 
 
 
 36 
 
 Stewart Thomas, " Bloomington Ferry, 
 
 55 
 
 30 
 
 Doten, T., farmer, 
 
 Brooklyn Centi-e, 
 
 160 
 
 22 
 
 Schofield,Mrs.J.D., far. Bloomington, 
 
 275 
 
 28 
 
 Dunning, J. B., farmei 
 
 , Champlin, 
 
 40 
 
 3
 
 TOWNSHIP DIBECTORIES. 
 
 67] 
 
 p. O. A. 
 
 Eidem, J. J., farmer, Chamiilin, 100 
 
 Ecker, I'hillip, farmer, Brooklyn Centre. 120 
 Estes, J., lumberman. Shingle Creek, lots 
 Fernakl, C. O., farmer, Osseo, 30 
 
 Felt, D. W., Shingle Creek, lots 
 
 Pletcher,W.II.,farm"r, Brooklyn Centre, 133 
 Fletcher, W. S., " Brooklyn Centre, 5 
 Goodrich, C. W., " Champlin, 
 Goodrich, W. H., " Champlin, 66 
 
 Green, M. A. farmer, Brooklyn Centre, 120 
 Gould, vS. J., farmer, Brooklyn Centre, -50 
 Goodwin, W.H., " Brooklyn Centre, 71 
 Getchell, L. L., " Brooklyn Centre, 8 
 Green, J. B., farmer, Brooklyn Centre, 39 
 Getchell, N. II., " Brooklyn Centre, 160 
 Green, A. N., farmer, Brooklyn Centre, 
 Gaslin, W. 11., farmer, Champlin, 50 
 
 nalverson,01e, " Brooklyn Centre, 20 
 Hartkopf, C, farmer, Osseo, 200 
 
 IIutchinson,M. H., " Brooklyn Centre, 40 
 Hanscom, E., farmer, Brooklyn Centre, 140 
 Ham, J. L., farmer, Brooklyn Centre, 40 
 Hanscom, F. A., " Brooklyn Centre, 20 
 Harrison, C. W., " Brooklyn Centre, 100 
 Hill, T. P., farmer, Osseo, 107 
 
 Howe, C. II., merchant and postmaster, 
 Brooklyn Centre, 
 Howe, Asa, farmer, Brooklyn Centre, 76 
 Hall, B. C, clergyman, Brooklyn Centre, 
 Howe, S. C, gardener, Brooklyn Centre, 100 
 Hauber, W. H. , farmer, Champlin, 10 
 
 Harrison, C. D., f'mer, Brooklyn Centre, 
 Jenkins, N. II., f'mer, Osseo, 80 
 
 Jentsch, II., former, Shingle Creek, .50 
 Johnson, R., farmer, Brooklyn Centre, 120 
 Johnson, J. B., farmer, Minneapolis, 10 
 
 Johnson, Peter, fmer, Brooklyn Centre, 53 
 Kilmer, Henry, f'mer, Osseo, 260 
 
 Knobel. M. Jr., f'mer, Osseo, 160 
 
 Kelly, O. A., farmer, Osseo, 42 
 
 Lane, Samuel, farmer, Champlin, 120 
 
 Lockwood, A., farmer, Brooklyn Centre, 80 
 Lawrence, L., farmer. Brooklyn Centi-e, 135 
 Locke, A. B., farmer, Brooklyn Centre, 40 
 Martin, J., farmer, Osseo, 20 
 
 Merrill, Silas, farmer, Champlin, 80 
 
 Merrill, S. W., farmer. Shingle Creek, 143 
 Moses, II. M., farmer, Minneapolis, 200 
 
 Miclielsou, H., farmer, Brooklyn Centre, 100 
 
 s. 
 
 4 
 22 
 36 
 
 6 
 36 
 33 
 33 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 20 
 21 
 28 
 28 
 28 
 28 
 20 
 
 3 
 16 
 20 
 26 
 27 
 27 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 
 34 
 
 27 
 
 27 
 
 34 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 11 
 23 
 25 
 31 
 
 9 
 
 5 
 17 
 
 3 
 26 
 28 
 29 
 
 6 
 10 
 11 
 22 
 22 
 
 Champlin, 
 Brooklyn Centre, 
 Minneapolis, 
 Minneapolis. 
 Minneapolis. 
 
 p. o. 
 
 Myers, Hugh, farmer, Brooklyn Centre, 
 Myers, Jacob, farmer, Brooklyn Centre, 
 Mickleson, A., farmer, Brooklyn Centre, 
 Munson, S. D., farmer, Brooklyn Centre, 
 Moses, T. B., farmer, Minneapolis, 
 Merrill, S. K., laborer, Brooklyn Centre, 
 Merrill, E. W., farmer, Brooklyn Centre, 
 Normandin, L.. f'mer, Osseo, 
 iVeddersen, F., farmer, Osseo, 
 Norris, R. W., farmer, Brooklyn Centre, 
 Norris, E. R., farmer, Brooklyn Centre, 
 Norris, J. \V., farmer, Brooklyn Centre, 
 Nomandin, P., farmer, Osseo, 
 Northrup, F.II., " Brooklyn Centre, 
 Oleson, T., farmer, Brooklyn Centre, 
 Overrick, P. B., " Brooklyn Centre, 
 Pribble,S. P., gardener, Cliamplin, 
 Parker, A., farmer, Champlin, 
 Peterson, C, farmer, 
 Pomeroy,G. W., " 
 Peterson, T., farmer, 
 Pickens, L.C., " 
 Plummer, J. P., " 
 Potter, Isaac, farmer, Osseo, 
 Pineo, J. P., carpenter, Brooklyn Centre, 
 Pineo, W., gardner, Brooklyn Centre, 
 Raiche, P., farmer, Osseo, 
 Rathbun, E. M., " Champlin, 
 Rixon, Andrew, " Shingle Creek, 
 Ritenburg, Jno., " Brooklyn Centre, 
 Stanchtield, E., farmer. Shingle Creek, 
 Schreiber, P., farmer, Osseo, 
 Sampson, N., farmer, Osseo, 
 Smith, A. J., farmer, Osseo, 
 Smith, G. II., cont'ctor, Osseo, 
 Schreiber, C, farmer, Osseo, 
 Smith. II. M., farmer, Brooklyn Centre, 
 Savage, G. 'W., farmer, Osseo. 
 Schrader, B. M., " Osseo, 
 Setzler, George, " Osseo, 
 Stanchrteld, W., " Osseo, 
 Stucki, C, farmer, Osseo, 
 Swanson, A., " Osseo, 
 
 Smith, John, " Brooklyn Centre. 
 
 Stevens, W., farmer, Shingle Creek, 
 Spafford, E., farmer, Brooklyn Centre, 
 Smith, John, farmer, Brooklyn Centre. 
 Smart, R. J., farmer, Minneapolis, 
 Tessman, A., farmer, Osseo. 
 
 A. 
 160 
 160 
 40 
 43 
 30 
 
 80 
 240 
 34 
 40 
 40 
 60 
 52 
 40 
 40 
 20 
 20 
 40 
 60 
 40 
 
 160 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 40 
 
 120 
 
 132 
 
 80 
 
 100 
 
 240 
 
 75 
 
 150 
 
 100 
 
 240 
 
 226 
 
 100 
 
 40 
 
 80 
 
 80 
 
 80 
 
 80 
 
 46 
 
 280 
 
 40 
 
 94 
 
 220 
 
 160 
 
 s. 
 
 29 
 
 29 
 
 31 
 
 33 
 
 21 
 
 9 
 
 3 
 
 7 
 
 9 
 
 21 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 7 
 
 27 
 
 15 
 
 15 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 9 
 
 30 
 
 34 
 
 31 
 
 8 
 
 10 
 
 13 
 
 35 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 17 
 16 
 32 
 18 
 19 
 19 
 19 
 19 
 19 
 21 
 24 
 9 
 9 
 
 15 
 17
 
 672 
 
 HISTOBY OF HEN2>^EPIX COUNIY. 
 
 p. o. 
 Thayer, A. A., farmer, Osseo. 
 Tomson,L.S., farmer, Brookljii Centre, 
 Thompson, E. F., " Jlhineapolis, 
 Tliompson, 11. S., " Brookyn Centre, 
 Tschudy, J. J.. farmer, Osseo, 
 Weaver, Jas., farmer, Champlin, 
 AVethern, Geo.. fanner.Champlin, 
 ■VA'olter, C. farmer. Osseo, 
 Wille, J., farmer, Osseo; 
 
 Weishaar, M., farmer. Osseo, 
 Warwick. F., farmer, jMmneapolis. 
 Warel, F. F.. farmer, Osseo, 
 Ward, C. II., farmer, Osseo, 
 Weaver. Dan., farmer. ^Minneapolis, 
 Williams, A. D.. physician, 
 
 BrookhTi Centre, 
 Wales, W. W. Jr.. farmer, 
 
 Brooklyn Centre, 
 Wales, J. W., farmer, BrookhTi Centre, 
 Woodman, J. S., '■ Brooklyn Centre, 
 Whitney, H. P., " Brooklyn Centre, 
 Wyley. C, farmer, Minneapolis, 
 Whitney, J. il., farmer, Brooklyn Centre 
 AVelker L.. farmer, Brooklyn Centre, 
 Williams. J., real estate and insurance, 
 
 Osseo, 
 Wethern F., farmer. Champlin, 
 Zimmerman. Ahe., " Osseo, 
 Zimmerman. J. H., " Osseo, 
 Zimmerman, P., " Osseo, 
 Zimmerman, H., " Osseo. 
 Zimmerman, A., " Osseo, 
 
 CHAMPLIN. 
 
 Brander, Wm.. blacksmith, 
 
 Champlin. 
 Brockway, AV., stage line, 
 
 Champlin. 
 Colburn. S.. farmer, Champlin, 
 Curtis, G. W., wagon-maker, 
 
 Champlin, 
 Coleman, S. R., blacksmith. 
 
 Champlin. 
 Donnelly, T., farmer, Champlin, 
 Depue, J. AV., farm macliineiy. 
 
 Champlin, 
 Depue, John, farmer, Champlin, 
 Emery Colby, farmer, Champlin, 
 Emery, J. AV., farmer, Champlin, 
 
 A. 
 
 S. 
 
 
 17 
 
 61 
 
 27 
 
 80 
 
 32 
 
 75 
 
 32 
 
 100 
 
 6 
 
 400 
 
 o 
 
 95 
 
 5 
 
 200 
 
 8 
 
 120 
 
 16 
 
 100 
 
 18 
 
 220 
 
 24 
 
 130 
 
 30 
 
 200 
 
 32 
 
 40 
 
 31 
 
 43 28 
 
 161 
 
 34 
 
 51 
 
 34 
 
 40 
 
 34 
 
 80 
 
 34 
 
 12 
 
 35 
 
 80 
 
 34 
 
 80 
 
 32 
 
 
 17 
 
 60 
 
 5 
 
 80 
 
 5 
 
 97 
 
 6 
 
 110 
 
 9 
 
 120 
 
 16 
 
 90 
 
 10. 
 
 100 19 
 
 19 
 
 
 19 
 
 40 
 
 24 
 
 
 19 
 
 15 
 
 19 
 
 120 
 
 31 
 
 60 
 
 32 
 
 P. o. 
 Fullerton, AVm.. carpt. .Champlin, 
 Fisher, W., farmer, Champlin, 
 Faber, X., merchant, Champlin, 
 Fullerton, A. J., carpt., Champlin, 
 Gibson, AVm., laborer, Champlin, 
 Ghostly, II., capitalist. Champlin, 
 Goldsmith. J., wagon-maker, 
 
 Champlin. 
 Ilayden, W., farmer, Champlin, 
 Hayden, D. W., far., Champlin, 
 Hinckley. J. B., far., Champlin, 
 Hastings, C. E.. far., Champlin, 
 Hills. G. A., postm'er, Champlin, 
 Hunter. John, farmer. Champlin, 
 Herrick. B. F.. farmer.Champlin, 
 Herrick. J. \ . B., stone-mason, 
 
 Champlin. 
 Herrick. N., carpenter,Champlin. 
 Heibst. II.. merchant, Champlin. 
 Jenkins, J. AV., far., Champlin, 
 Kelley, Henry, farmer,Champlin, 
 Lane, J. AV., farmer, Champlin, 
 Lane, A. P., farmer, Champlin, 
 Miars, G. D., farmer, Champlhi, 
 MiUhollLn, Jas. and John, farmers, 
 
 Champlin, 
 Miller. O. S., insurance, Champlin, 
 MiUer. R. II.. wheelw"t. Champlin, 
 Pomeroy. J. B., farmer, Champlin, 
 Pribble, T., farmer, Champlin, 
 Pratt, R. M., miller, Champlin, 
 Reeves, J. AV., fanner, Champlin. 
 Stockton. J., farmer, Champlin, 
 Smith, R.S., farmer, Champlin, 
 Smith, W. AV.. farmer, Champlin, 
 Schmidt, W.. farmer, Osseo, 
 Smiley, C. AV., farmer, Champlin, 
 Stockton, J. A., fmer, Cliamplin, 
 Shumway. J,, village Urts. 
 Trussell, J. H., farmer. Champlin, 
 Thomdike, F., hotel, Champlin, 
 AMIliams. X. A., fmer, Champlin, 
 Wethern. H. Jr., fmer, Champlin, 
 AA'alker, E. S., farmer, Champlin, 
 AVilliams.AV.il., " Champlin, 
 AVethern, II.. r'td •' Champlin, 
 Zopfi, F., farmer, Champlin, 
 
 Zopfi, Matt., fiu-mer, Osseo, 
 
 A. 
 
 S. 
 
 
 31 
 
 lOJ 
 
 24 
 
 80 
 
 19 
 
 
 19 
 
 
 19 
 
 
 19 
 
 80 
 
 19 
 
 177 
 
 24 
 
 20 
 
 24 
 
 110 
 
 30 
 
 175 
 
 31 
 
 
 19 
 
 
 30 
 
 80 
 
 33 
 
 
 19 
 
 80 
 
 25 
 
 40 
 
 33 
 
 40 
 
 30 
 
 80 
 
 26 
 
 186 
 
 33 
 
 40 
 
 19 
 
 80 
 
 19 
 
 80 
 
 30 
 
 
 31 
 
 40 
 
 31 
 
 118 
 
 24 
 
 131 
 
 29 
 
 134 
 
 29 
 
 120 
 
 36 
 
 19 
 
 34 
 
 45 
 
 24 
 
 179 
 
 25 
 
 
 19 
 
 40 
 
 29 
 
 55 
 
 33 
 
 120 
 
 32 
 
 80 
 
 32 
 
 30 
 
 19 
 
 214 
 
 25 
 
 120 
 
 36
 
 TOWNSHIP DIRECTORIES. 
 
 673 
 
 CORCORAN. 
 
 
 
 
 p. 0. 
 
 A. 
 
 S. 
 
 Allair, J., farmer, 
 
 Corcoran, 
 
 7 
 
 21 
 
 Adcock, Robt., farmer, 
 
 Corcoran, 
 
 80 
 
 24 
 
 Bennett, Wm., farmer, 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 120 
 
 3 
 
 Barrett, P., farmer. 
 
 Hanover, 
 
 80 
 
 5 
 
 Barry, Matthew, farmer. 
 
 Hanover, 
 
 240 
 
 6 
 
 Biish, John, farmer, 
 
 Hanover, 
 
 120 
 
 6 
 
 Brown, Fred, farmer, 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 80 
 
 12 
 
 Bingenheimer, J., farmer, 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 80 
 
 12 
 
 Burke. P., farmer, 
 
 Corcoran, 
 
 200 
 
 14 
 
 Barry, Michael, farmer. 
 
 Corcoran, 
 
 150 
 
 15 
 
 Bolduc, P., farmer, 
 
 Dupont, 
 
 102 
 
 18 
 
 Bolduc, M., farmer, 
 
 Dupont, 
 
 80 
 
 20 
 
 Boldean, J., farmer. 
 
 Dupont, 
 
 70 
 
 21 
 
 Boucher, O., farmer, 
 
 Corcoran, 
 
 80 
 
 37 
 
 Boyou, J., farmer. 
 
 Dui)ont, 
 
 60 
 
 29 
 
 Boldie, John, farmer, 
 
 Dupont, 
 
 85 
 
 29 
 
 Barbeau, J., farmer, 
 
 Dupont, 
 
 80 
 
 31 
 
 Bukosky, J., farmer. 
 
 Dupont, 
 
 40 
 
 19 
 
 Corcoran, P. B., farmer, 
 
 Corcoran, 
 
 640 
 
 23 
 
 Gassy, Wm., farmer. 
 
 Corcoran, 
 
 160 
 
 15 
 
 Carpentier, F., farmer. 
 
 Corcoran, 
 
 118 
 
 21 
 
 Corcoran, Thomas, former. 
 
 Corcoran, 
 
 269 
 
 26 
 
 Carpenter, Chas., farmer. 
 
 Corcoran, 
 
 86 
 
 27 
 
 Carpenter, A., farmer, 
 
 Corcoran, 
 
 80 
 
 27 
 
 Cassy, P., farmer. 
 
 Dupont, 
 
 80 
 
 30 
 
 Case, L., farmer. 
 
 Dupont, 
 
 40 
 
 30 
 
 Case, H. H., farmer. 
 
 Dupont, 
 
 80 
 
 31 
 
 Corcoran, Wm., farmer. 
 
 Corcoran, 
 
 240 
 
 23 
 
 Cain, M. N., farmer. 
 
 Corcoran, 
 
 160 
 
 14 
 
 Cook, Robt., farmer, 
 
 Corcoran, 
 
 121 
 
 4 
 
 Case, Alvin, farmer, 
 
 Dupont, 
 
 80 
 
 30 
 
 Daily, T., farmer, 
 
 Corcoran, 
 
 160 
 
 o 
 
 Dellis, Martin, farmer, 
 
 Corcoran, 
 
 120 
 
 7 
 
 Daily Patrick, farmer. 
 
 Corcoran, 
 
 160 
 
 9 
 
 Dufour, M., farmer. 
 
 Corcoran, 
 
 40 
 
 33 
 
 Dayton, G., farmer. 
 
 Dupont, 
 
 rtO 
 
 18 
 
 Dupont, Joseph, farmer, 
 
 Dupont, 
 
 240 
 
 19 
 
 Degardins, J., farmer. 
 
 Dupont, 
 
 130 
 
 26 
 
 Daniel, Dennis, farmer. 
 
 Corcoran, 
 
 80 
 
 26 
 
 Dupont, S. E., farmer, 
 
 Dupont, 
 
 57 
 
 31 
 
 Dupont. A., farmer. 
 
 Dupont. 
 
 57 
 
 31 
 
 Dorman, L. H., farmer. 
 
 Dupont, 
 
 160 
 
 32 
 
 Ditzler, W., farmer, 
 
 Lenz, 
 
 80 
 
 33 
 
 Dailey, Pat., farmer. 
 
 Corcoran, 
 
 160 
 
 9 
 
 Donnelly, P., farmer. 
 
 Corcoran, 
 
 120 
 
 35 
 
 Esterle, Godfrey, farmer. 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 80 
 
 1 
 
 Eagan, John, farmer. 
 
 Corcoran, 
 
 240 
 
 11 
 
 Eagan, D., farmer. 
 
 Corcoran, 
 
 50 
 
 15 
 
 P. o. 
 
 Eagan, E., farmer, Corcoran, 
 
 Fehan, John, farmer, Corcoran, 
 
 Fisher, F., farmer, Corcoran, 
 
 Ferrlans, J. J., farmer, Corcoran, 
 
 Ferrians, J. Jr., farmer, Corcoran, 
 
 Finn, M., farmer, Corcoran, 
 
 Fitzpatrick, D., farmer, Corcoran, 
 
 Fehan, Conrad, farmer, Osseo, 
 
 Foran, Mary, farmer, Corcoran, 
 
 Fitzpati'ick, John, farmer, Corcoran, 
 
 Fox, Mary, farmer, Corcoran, 
 
 Fox, Patrick, farmer, Corcoran, 
 
 Gaurs, John, farmer, Corcoran, 
 
 Goven, Stephen, farmer, Dupont, 
 
 Grosnick, M., farmer, Dupont, 
 
 Gague, George, farmer, Corcoran, 
 
 Gold worthy, J., farmer, Corcoran, 
 
 Gorham, S., farmer, Corcoran, 
 
 Gardner, J., farmer, Corcoran, 
 
 Gague, Jas., farmer, Corcoran, 
 
 Heebner, John, farmer, Osseo, 
 
 Hogan, John, farmer. Corcoran, 
 
 Huot, E., merchant, Corcoran, 
 
 Hustert, Theo., farmer, Dupont, 
 
 Hatckler, Dan., farmer. Osseo, 
 
 Hoag, Aaron, farmer. Ilasson, 
 
 Jubert, A., farmer, Dupont, 
 
 Kennedy, John, farmer, Hanover. 
 
 Kottka, G., farmer, Hanover, 
 
 Kluck, J. A., farmer, Dupont, 
 
 Keizer, Samuel, farmer, Dupont, 
 
 Keran, Hugh, farmer, Corcoran, 
 
 Keran, O., farmer, Corcoran, 
 
 Kearns, M., farmer, Corcoran, 
 
 Kalk, Michael, farmer, Corcoran, 
 
 Lange, M., farmer, Corcoran, 
 
 Lafrie, A., farmer, Dupont, 
 
 Lacrosse, A., farmer, Dupont, 
 
 Lacount, A., farmer, Dupont, 
 
 Lynch, Patrick, farmer, Corcoran, 
 
 Meaglier, Margaret, farmer, Corcoran, 
 
 Meagher, Mary, farmer, Corcoran, 
 
 Molan, Daniel, farmer, Corcoran, 
 
 May, Josepli Jr., farmer, Corcoran, 
 
 McDonell, John, farmer, Corcoran, 
 
 Molan, Mary, farmer, Corcoran, 
 
 Molan, John, farmer, Corcoran, 
 
 McKewan, N., farmer, Corcoran, 
 
 Moran, Joseph, farmer, Corcoran, 
 
 A. s. 
 
 80 15 
 
 160 26 
 
 40 
 100 
 
 60 
 157 
 
 80 
 140 
 
 80 
 
 80 
 
 79 
 
 80 
 
 120 
 
 2 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 17 
 
 160 35 
 
 40 3 
 
 160 14 
 
 200 
 162 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 120 16 
 
 160 19 
 
 80 21 
 
 118 27 
 
 80 33 
 
 100 34 
 
 169 19 
 
 80 28 
 
 80 3 
 
 160 8 
 
 43 21 
 
 80 30 
 
 80 2 
 
 560 19 
 
 98 32 
 
 160 18 
 
 40 21 
 
 160 26 
 
 160 34 
 
 SO 34 
 
 50 8 
 
 159 7 
 
 40 19 
 
 40 22 
 
 80 34 
 
 280 35 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 
 155 10 
 160 14 
 190 14 
 80 27 
 160 27 
 
 43
 
 674 
 
 HISTOBY OF HENNEPIN COVNJT. 
 
 Moses. xVlbert, farmer, 
 Moran, F., farmer, 
 Meagher, Alice, farmer. 
 May, John, farmer, 
 Newman, C. farmer, 
 Noonan, D. farmer, 
 O'Brien, W., farmer, 
 Oswald, George, farmer, 
 Oswald Jacob, farmer, 
 Oswald, George Jr., farmer, 
 O'Laughlin, Pat. farmer, 
 OfBing, !Jiic. farmer, 
 Oswald, Charles, farmer, 
 Frebe, August, farmer, 
 Pomerleau, J., farmer, 
 Pontiot, R., farmer, 
 Patnode, M. Jr., farmer, 
 Patnode, Peter, farmer. 
 Petit, M., farmer, 
 Pontiot, I., farmer, 
 Potviii, Joseph, farmer, 
 Peters, Wm., farmer, 
 Rahell John, farmer, 
 Eiley, John, farmer, 
 Eeinking, Fred., farmer, 
 Raymond, Peter, farmer 
 Ryan, John, farmer, 
 .Ryan, Ellen, farmer. 
 Ranking, C, farmer. 
 Rice, John, farmer, 
 Relke, Carle, farmer, 
 Sullivan, John, farmer, 
 Splittstopher, F., farmer, 
 Sexton, C, farmer, 
 Stelter, G., farmer. 
 Smith, L„ farmer, 
 Schulte, H., farmer, 
 Schuette, F. C, farmer, 
 Splittstopher, D., farmer, 
 Saurson, J., farmer, 
 Saurson, E., farmer. 
 Strehter, Charles, farmei', 
 Schendle, Chris., farmer. 
 Smith, R. AV., farmer, 
 Scott, D., farmer, 
 Scott, J. Jr., farmer, 
 Smith, L., farmer., 
 Shober. J. S., farmer. 
 Short, Mary, farmer, 
 
 0. 
 
 A. 
 
 s. 
 
 Dupont, 
 
 70 
 
 31 
 
 Corcoran, 
 
 SO 
 
 33 
 
 Corcoran, 
 
 240 
 
 11 
 
 Corcoran, 
 
 80 
 
 16 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 80 
 
 Q 
 
 Corcoran, 
 
 ■ 80 
 
 25 
 
 Corcoran, 
 
 81 
 
 4 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 80 
 
 12 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 160 
 
 10 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 160 
 
 10 
 
 Dupont, 
 
 80 
 
 30 
 
 Lenz, 
 
 120 
 
 32 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 80 
 
 12 
 
 Corcoran, 
 
 80 
 
 18 
 
 Corcoran, 
 
 80 
 
 20 
 
 Dupont, 
 
 80 
 
 21 
 
 Corcoran, 
 
 77 
 
 21 
 
 Corcoran, 
 
 166 
 
 22 
 
 Dupont, 
 
 200 
 
 30 
 
 Dupont, 
 
 59 
 
 31 
 
 Corcoran, 
 
 160 
 
 31 
 
 Corcoran, 
 
 160 
 
 36 
 
 Corcoran, 
 
 80 
 
 3 
 
 Corcoran, 
 
 160 
 
 8 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 320 
 
 13 
 
 Dupont, 
 
 80 
 
 20 
 
 Corcoran, 
 
 80 
 
 23 
 
 Corcoran, 
 
 80 
 
 23 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 80 
 
 24 
 
 Corcoran, 
 
 80 
 
 25 
 
 Corcoran, 
 
 50 
 
 8 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 106 
 
 1 
 
 Corcoran, 
 
 160 
 
 7 
 
 Corcoran, 
 
 40 
 
 9 
 
 Corcoran, 
 
 80 
 
 12 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 80 
 
 12 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 150 
 
 13 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 160 
 
 13 
 
 Corcoran, 
 
 40 
 
 10 
 
 Corcoran, 
 
 80 
 
 17 
 
 Corcoran, 
 
 80 
 
 17 
 
 Dupont, 
 
 SO 
 
 IS 
 
 Dupont, 
 
 160 
 
 20 
 
 Corcoran, 
 
 160 
 
 25 
 
 Corcoran, 
 
 126 
 
 29 
 
 Dupont, 
 
 52 
 
 29 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 80 
 
 12 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 120 
 
 1 
 
 Corcoran, 
 
 160 
 
 29 
 
 Unke, Carl, farmer, Osseo, 
 
 Weber. Jacob, farmer, Osseo, 
 
 Wardick, Jolm,farmer. Corcoran, 
 
 A\'illiams T., farmer, Corcoran, 
 
 Wier, Susanna, " Corcoran, 
 
 Weinand, P., farmer, Corcoran. 
 
 Westphal, A., farmer, Dupont, 
 
 Weir, M., farmer, Corcoran 
 
 Weber, C, farmer, Corcoran, 
 
 Webb, F., farmer, Corcoran, 
 
 Welk, W., farmer, Corcoran, 
 
 Wetnetz, L.. farmer, Corcoran, 
 
 Weise. Chas., farmer, Corcoran, 
 
 Weinard. Mat., farmer, Corcoran, 
 
 Weber, John, farmer, Osseo, 
 
 t'RV.STAL LAKE. 
 
 Ackerman, B., farmer, Minneapolis, 
 Brown, W., farmer, Shingle Creek, 
 Bartlett, M. & L. L., frs, Minneapolis, 
 Baumgartner, F. S., fr..Miinieapolis, 
 Bauer, Peter, farmer, Minneapolis, 
 Behmen. M.. fa.mer. Minneapolis, 
 Bohanon, J. C, farmer, Shingle Creek, 
 Brimhall, G. S.,f'rmer. Minneapolis, 
 Bohanon, C. II., f'mer. Shingle Creek, 
 Bonghton,II. II., mill'. Shingle Creek, 
 Baker, J., farmer, Minneapolis, 
 
 Baker, M., farmer, JSIinneapolis, 
 Balch, D. S., farmer Minneapolis, 
 ]5urgess. C. farmer, ^linneapolis, 
 Buck, II., lumberman, Minneapolis, 17 
 Brookins, G. W., far., Minneapolis, 
 Culpitt. S.. farmer, jMinneapolis, 
 Crandall. D., farmer, Minneapolis, 
 Cooper, S. J., farmer, Minneapolis, 
 Campbell, W.. merch't. Shingle Creek, 
 Clark, A. T., farmer. Minneapolis, 
 Dutton, Josiah, farmer. Crystal Lake, 
 Downs, Luther, farmer, Minneapohs, 
 Dow, J. W. , farmer. Shingle Creek, 
 Donaldson. J. II., far., Minneapolis. 
 Ellsworth, D., farmer, Shingle Creek, 
 Furey, Thomas, far., Minneapolis, 
 Faruham, R., farmer, Shingle Creek, 
 Farnham, II. M., far.. Shingle Creek. 
 Foegan, Anna, farmer, Minneapolis, 
 Giebeuhain,G., farmer, Minneapolis. 
 Gibbs, L. W., farmer, Mmueapolis 
 
 80 11 
 
 160 
 160 
 160 
 
 120 
 
 80 
 
 79 
 
 100 
 
 38 
 
 115 
 
 102 
 
 290 
 
 25 
 
 40 
 
 SO 
 
 106 
 
 20 
 
 120 17 
 
 80 17 
 
 120 17 
 
 80 18 
 
 80 18 
 
 80 5 
 
 160 33 
 
 40 36 
 
 40 16 
 
 140 7 
 
 80 1 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 80 18 
 
 38 18 
 
 lots, 9 
 
 lots, 9 
 
 lots, 10 
 
 40 16 
 2 4 
 
 80 
 119 
 
 82 
 171 
 
 13 
 
 64 12 
 
 80 10 
 
 140 17 
 
 270 4 
 
 30 6
 
 TOWNSHIP DIBECTORIES. 
 
 675 
 
 P. O. 
 Griswold, A. A., far. Minneapolis, 
 Geaity, John, farmer, Minneapolis, 
 Gates, S., farmer, Minneapolis, 
 
 Gibbs, D. L., farmer, Minneapolis, 
 Gillespie, Jas., farmer. Shingle Creek, 
 Goetze, Rudolph, " Shingle Creek, 
 Gillespie, Z., farmer, Shingle Creek, 
 Hommes, B., farmer, Minneapolis, 
 Hopper,M. D., gardn"r, Shingle Creek, 
 Hopper, S. D., " Shingle Creek, 
 Holway,F. L., farmer, Shingle Creek, 
 Ilynes, P., farmer. Shingle Creek, 
 Hasty, K. H., brick y'd. Shingle Creek, 
 Hooper, Jno., gard'n'r, Minneapolis, 
 Harvey, K. E.. Shingle Creek, 
 
 Howland, D., farmer, Minneapolis, 
 Hopper, M. R., gardnr. Shingle Creek, 
 Jones, D. W., farmer, Minneapolis, 
 Johnson, J. B., farmer, Minneapohs, 
 Johnson, W. H., " Minneapolis, 
 Kuch, Phillip, farmer, Minneapolis, 
 Kranz, F., farmer, Minneapolis, 
 Kirkwood, T., farmer, Minneapolis, 
 Knight, Wm., farmer, Shingle Creek, 
 Knight, J., farmer, Shingle Creek, 
 Kesler, J., gardener, Minneapolis, 
 Kees, Jacob, farmer; Minneapolis, 
 Kirkwood, E. T., " Mmneapolis, 
 Lane, H. F., farmer, Shtngle Creek, 
 Libby, Fred., farmer, Brooklyn Centre, 
 Lane, F. S., farmer, Minneapolis, 
 Merritt, Gilbert, " Mimieapolis, 
 
 McCausland,E., " Minneapolis, 
 McKnight,W.G. " Minneapolis, 
 McCausland,C.F." Minneapolis, 
 Martin, Pat., farmer. Shingle Creek, 
 MoiTison, S. D., brick yard. 
 
 Shingle Creek, 
 Medcalf ,W.R., gardner,Shingle Creek, 
 Murch, M., farmer. Shingle Creek, 
 Morgan, W., miller, Shingle Creek, 
 Morgan,T., blacksmith, Shingle Creek, 
 Mooney, Peter, farmer, Minneapolis, 
 Miller, John, farmer, Minneapolis, 
 Malbon, D. R., " Minneapolis, 
 Malbon, J. S., farmer, Minneapolis, 
 Martin, Pat., farmer, Minneapolis, 
 Mosher, D., gardner, Brooklyn Centre, 
 
 A. 
 
 s. 
 
 62 
 
 5 
 
 200 
 
 7 
 
 160 
 
 8 
 
 80 
 
 6 
 
 80 
 
 12 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 108 
 
 12 
 
 .50 
 
 8 
 
 16 
 
 11 
 
 19 
 
 11 
 
 48 
 
 11 
 
 21 
 
 11 
 
 29 
 
 12 
 
 74 
 
 4 
 
 67 
 
 4 
 
 160 
 
 19 
 
 16 
 
 11 
 
 71 
 
 9 
 
 1-50 
 
 21 
 
 120 
 
 17 
 
 200 
 
 8 
 
 120 
 
 17 
 
 80 
 
 9 
 
 66 
 
 10 
 
 14 
 
 10 
 
 60 
 
 12 
 
 120 
 
 20 
 
 80 
 
 9 
 
 40 
 
 2 
 
 20 
 
 2 
 
 40 
 
 o 
 
 300 
 
 5 
 
 160 
 
 5 
 
 
 21 
 
 72 
 
 9 
 
 136 
 
 10 
 
 43 
 
 12 
 
 15 
 
 12 
 
 25 
 
 3 
 
 24 
 
 3 
 
 15 
 
 3 
 
 60 
 
 7 
 
 50 
 
 9 
 
 100 
 
 5 
 
 15 
 
 6 
 
 136 
 
 10 
 
 119 
 
 3 
 
 P. o. 
 Morrison, Francis, lumberman, 
 
 Minneapolis, 
 Nash, J. E., dairyman, Minneapolis, 
 Nelson, M., hotel, Minneapolis, 
 
 Oleson, John, farmer, Shingle Creek, 
 Ohmen, N., farmer, Minneapolis, 
 Oswald, H., miller, Shingle Creek, 
 Perkins, Nancy, Shinge Creek, 
 
 Parker, Alfred, farmer. Shingle Creek, 
 Parker, E. F. farmer, Shingle Creek, 
 Palmer, E., farmer, Minneapolis, 
 Perkins, E. A., butch'r, Minneapolis, 
 Phipps, Thos., farmer, Brooklyn Centre, 
 Partridge, T., Shingle Creek, 
 
 Reidhead, P.W., f 'mer, Minneapolis, 
 Reicliert, Chas., fmer, Minneapolis, 
 Reichert, M., farmer, Minneapolis, 
 Einensburg, E., fmer, Minneapolis, 
 Ryan, Michael, fmer. Shingle Creek, 
 Roskop, John, farmer, Minneapolis, 
 Roggerman, L. , fmer, Minneapolis, 
 Roth, LaSalle, farmer, Minneapolis, 
 Russ, J. B., farmer; Minneapolis, 
 Reeves, V., gardener, Minneapolis, 
 Schuller, John, farmer, Minneapolis, 
 Schaffer, John, farmer, Minneapolis, 
 Swanson, C, farmer. Shingle Creek, 
 Sanborn, C. H., fmer, Minneapolis, 
 Sanborn, J. A., fmer, Minneapolis, 
 Shoop, A. D., Shingle Creek, 
 
 Shumway, J. P., fmer, Minneapohs, 
 Stillman, H. R.,fmer, Minneapolis, 
 Smith, H. K., farmer, Minneapolis, 
 Schuller, Peter, finer, Minneapolis, 
 Spurzem, Peter, fmer, Minneapolis, 
 Smith, Alice, farmer, Minneapolis, 
 Taylor, B., farmer, Minneapolis, 
 Tombers, N., farmer, Munieapolis, 
 Thaxter, B. R. J., carpenter, 
 
 Minneapolis, 
 Turner. IT. G., lumberman, 
 
 Minneapolis, 
 Taylor, A. B., farmer, Minneapohs, 
 Wentworth, E. S.,far"r, Minneapolis, 
 White, J. H., farmer, MinneaiX)lis, 
 Wolf, A., hotel, Minneapolis, 
 
 Wagner, L., farmer, Minneapolis, 
 Witt, C, stock dealer, Minneapolis, 
 Walls, G., mechanic, Minneapolis, 
 
 40 
 
 10 
 
 40 
 
 5 
 
 23 
 
 7 
 
 100 
 
 11 
 
 140 
 
 20 
 
 17 
 
 3 
 
 93 
 
 1 
 
 110 
 
 6 
 
 110 
 
 6 
 
 120 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 10 
 
 30 
 
 2 
 
 10 
 
 12 
 
 80 
 
 1 
 
 80 
 
 7 
 
 40 
 
 18 
 
 90 
 
 9 
 
 120 
 
 10 
 
 80 
 
 18 
 
 120 
 
 19 
 
 83 
 
 21 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 11 
 
 10 
 
 102 
 
 7 
 
 160 
 
 9 
 
 15 
 
 2 
 
 108 
 
 5 
 
 60 
 
 15 
 
 
 11 
 
 70 
 
 6 
 
 105 
 
 16 
 
 80 
 
 17 
 
 240 
 
 IS 
 
 80 
 
 20 
 
 121 
 
 7 
 
 40 
 
 .) 
 
 40 
 
 18 
 
 10 14 
 
 lots 
 
 56 
 
 145 
 
 40 
 
 5 
 
 163 
 
 9 
 
 6 
 
 9 
 1 
 3 
 5 
 6 
 9 
 10 
 10
 
 676 
 
 IIISTOTiT OF HEyyEPiy covyTY. 
 
 p. o. 
 Younker, C. farmer, Minneapolis, 
 Zirbes, ^y., farmer, Minneapolis, 
 
 DATTON. 
 
 Bourgeois. J., farmer, Dayton. 
 Boiilee. M.. farmer. Dayton, 
 Blondeau. S., farmer. Dayton, 
 Baxter, John, farmer, Dayton, 
 Boiilee. Isidore. " Dayton, 
 Blesi. F., farmer, Cliamplin, 
 
 Boudette. E.. farmer. Osseo, 
 Bibeault, L.. farmer. Osseo, 
 Bourque. J., farmer, Champlin, 
 Bistedeau.L.-pliysician.Dayton, 
 Bolduc, P., farmer, Osseo; 
 Blesi, John, farmer, Champlin, 
 Bleis. Peter, farmer. Champlin, 
 Brier J., blacksmith, Champlin, 
 Brimmer. "\V. D., merchant, 
 
 Dayton, 
 Bowers, Mrs. Nicholas, farmer, 
 
 Dayton, 
 Bold, F. I., farmer. Champlin, 
 Bowers, John, laborer, Dayton, 
 Caron, C. farmer, Dayton, 
 Chase, D., farmer. Maple Grove, 
 Cloutier, A., farmer, Dayton, 
 Clark. Patrick, tenant. Dayton, 
 Caron, Elois, farmer, Dayton, 
 Cardinal, Jos., farmer, Maple Grove, 
 Babcock, Mrs. Wm.. farmer. 
 
 Maple Grove, 
 Durand, F.. farmer, Daj-ton, 
 Dahlheimer. H., " Dajton, 
 Dahlheimer. J., " Dajlon, 
 Dehn, Yal.. farmer Dayton, 
 Downs, J. Mrs., farm "r. Champlin, 
 Dahms. A., farmer, Champlin, 
 Dunn, John, farmer, Champlin, 
 Donnelly, P.. farmer, Anoka, 
 Dehn, Frank, farmer, Dayton, 
 Dubey. M., farmer, Osseo, 
 Dejarlais, E., farmer, Osseo, 
 Dejarlais, J., farmer, Osseo, 
 Dejarlais, John, " Maple Grove, 
 Dejarlais, G., farmer. Maple Grove, 
 Dugas, C. F., carpenter, 
 
 Dayton. 
 Dahlheimer, J.,farmer, Dayton, 
 
 A. 
 
 s. 
 
 80 
 
 19 
 
 127 
 
 4 
 
 161 
 
 9 
 
 133 
 
 9 
 
 124 
 
 9 
 
 149 
 
 7 
 
 140 
 
 6 
 
 116 
 
 26 
 
 46 
 
 30 
 
 97 
 
 29 
 
 20 
 
 20 
 
 27 
 
 6 
 
 40 
 
 28 
 
 152 
 
 27 
 
 116 
 
 26 
 
 YUlage lots 
 
 Yillage 
 
 lots 
 
 280 
 
 20 
 
 160 
 
 11 
 
 YiUage 
 
 lots 
 
 80 
 
 10 
 
 160 
 
 31 
 
 108 
 
 10 
 
 
 21 
 
 Yillage lots 
 
 188 
 
 30 
 
 70 
 
 35 
 
 88 
 
 8 
 
 4-53 
 
 17 
 
 40 
 
 16 
 
 234 
 
 10 
 
 80 
 
 16 
 
 80 
 
 23 
 
 110 
 
 22 
 
 160 
 
 21 
 
 160 
 
 20 
 
 67 
 
 29 
 
 40 
 
 28 
 
 80 
 
 27 
 
 80 
 
 32 
 
 80 81-2 
 
 Yillage lots. 
 
 46 
 
 16 
 
 p. o. 
 Engel, N., shoemaker. Dayton. 
 Evans, E., postmaster 
 
 and farmer, !Maple Grove, 
 
 Guimont, C, farmer, Dayton, 
 Guimont, E., farmer, Dayton, 
 Guimont. A., farmer. Dayton, 
 Guimont, F.. farmer, Dayton, 
 Godin. Paul, farmer. Dayton, 
 Gamache, F.. farmer. Daj-ton, 
 Genereux. A., farmer, Champlin, 
 Greenwood. E., '• Maple Grove, 
 Greenwald, F., " Maple Grove, 
 Guimont, L., farmer, Dayton, 
 Gelinas, A., farmer, Osseo, 
 Gervais, I., farmer, Osseo, 
 Gervais, B., farmer. Maple Grove, 
 Guia. L.. lime burner, Dayton, 
 Gay, William, farmer, Champlin, 
 Genereux, A., farmer, Champlin, 
 Ilurlbut. and Son, millers, 
 
 Dayton. 
 Hunt, Timothy, Jr., farmer, 
 
 Champlin, 
 Himt, Bobt.. farmer, Champlin, 
 Hoslie. Martin, farmer, Champlin, 
 Hunt, Patrick, farmer. Champlin, 
 Hunt, Timothy, Sr.. farmer, 
 
 Champlin, 
 JuUlett, Julian, farmer, Dayton, 
 Johnson, J. W., farmer, Champlin, 
 Kimball, A. C. farmer. Dajton, 
 Kruger, John, farmer, Champlin, 
 KimbalUMrs. M. S., " Dayton, 
 Kimball, A. S., " Dayton, 
 
 LaCroix, Jules, farmer. Dayton. 
 Lehn, Mathias, farmer, Dayton, 
 Lehn. ilrs. E.. farmer. Champlin, 
 Lyman, Thos., farmer. Champlin, 
 Lavallee, W., farmer, Maple Grove, 
 Lavallee. Dan., farmer, Osseo, 
 Lavallee, Peter.farmer, Osseo, 
 Lassard. Leander, '• Champlin, 
 Leger, H.. farmer and cai-penter, 
 
 Champlin, 
 Lavallee. Benj., farmer. Dayton, 
 Labissonier, G., ■• Maple Grove. 
 Laflin, F. G., farmer. Maple Grove, 
 Lewis, A., laborer, Dayton, 
 LavaUe, D., farmer, Osseo, 
 
 s. 
 
 33 31 
 
 140 9 
 
 80 9 
 
 102 7 
 214 
 146 
 
 o 
 5 
 
 72 6 
 
 80 21 
 
 110 80 
 
 40 81 
 70 o 
 76 29 
 80 33 
 
 41 81 
 vW. lots 
 
 80 15 
 80 21 
 
 80 
 
 22 
 
 80 
 
 22 
 
 80 
 
 26 
 
 44 
 
 23 
 
 36 
 
 23 
 
 80 
 
 7 
 
 279 
 
 14 
 
 61 
 
 4 
 
 80 
 
 35 
 
 92 
 
 7 
 
 170 
 
 t 
 
 8 
 
 417 
 
 20 
 
 40 
 
 15 
 
 80 
 
 22 
 
 43 
 
 30 
 
 100 
 
 29 
 
 80 
 
 29 
 
 80 
 
 28 
 
 80 
 
 27 
 
 40 
 
 5 
 
 40 
 
 83 
 
 160 
 
 82 
 
 village lots. 
 
 72 29
 
 TOWNSHIP DIBECTOBIES. 
 
 p. o, 
 Lewis, Geo., laborer, Dayton, 
 Lassard, Louis, farmer, Osseo, 
 Mayer, Clias., teacher, Dayton. 
 McNeill, Neil, farmer, Dayton, 
 Morin, G. E., farmer, Dayton, 
 Moore, Thos., farmer, Cliamplin, 
 Murphy, John, farmer, Champlin, 
 Maney, J., farmer, Champlin, 
 Morrisette, G., farmer, Osseo, 
 Martin, H., farmer, Osseo, 
 Mclntire, D., farmer, Champlin, 
 McLean, W., teamster, Dayton, 
 Nolan, M., farmer, Champlin, 
 Normandin,N., farmer. Maple Grove, 
 Normandin,Leon, •' Osseo, 
 Plant, C, farmer, Dayton, 
 Perreaiilt, J., farmer, Dayton, 
 Paul, X., Osseo, 
 
 Paul, Joseph, farmer, Osseo, 
 Paul, Charles, farmer, Champlin, 
 Powers, Thos., farmer, Champlin, 
 Plant, L., farmer, Maple Grove, 
 Putrean, Wm., farmer, Dayton, 
 Pelese, Peter, farmer, Champlin, 
 
 Perreusse, Jos., " 
 Richards, J. O., " 
 Richardson, W., " 
 Raridon, J., farmer. 
 Roe, A. J., farmer, 
 Robinson, E. IL, merchant, 
 
 Dayton. 
 Sharver, S. farmer, 
 Sherver, V. farmer, 
 Strottner, A. farmer, 
 Stahlberg, Chas. " 
 Stahlberg, Chris. " 
 Smitli, H. farmer, 
 Sehermerhorn, R. cooper, 
 
 Dayton, 
 Slater, Geo. hotel, Dayton, 
 Simpson, N. farmer, Osseo, 
 Taylor, M. F. farmer, Champlin, 
 Twombley, A. Jr. " Osseo, 
 Tvvombley, A. farmer, Osseo, 
 A'ernaulk, R. farmer, Dayton, 
 A^erbonnier, E. f'mer, Osseo, 
 Vasser, Jos. butcher, Dayton, 
 Venette, D. butcher, Dayton, 
 WeUman, J. B. f'mer, Dayton, 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 Dayton, 
 
 Champlin, 
 
 Champlin, 
 
 Champlin, 
 
 Dayton, 
 Dayton, 
 Cliamplin, 
 Champlin, 
 Champhn, 
 Champlin, 
 
 A. 
 
 s. 
 
 village 
 
 ots. 
 
 80 
 
 34 
 
 140 
 
 6 
 
 00 
 
 6 
 
 120 
 
 15 
 
 120 
 
 22 
 
 80 
 
 21 
 
 94 
 
 30 
 
 40 
 
 83 
 
 160 
 
 27 
 
 vil. 
 
 lots 
 
 150 
 
 11 
 
 52 
 
 32 
 
 80 
 
 28 
 
 80 
 
 8 
 
 63 
 
 7 
 
 57 
 
 29 
 
 40 
 
 27 
 
 79 
 
 26 
 
 253 
 
 34 
 
 40 
 
 31 
 
 40 
 
 5 
 
 116 
 
 26 
 
 80 
 
 28 
 
 21 
 
 18 
 
 86 
 
 14 
 
 80 
 
 22 
 
 240 
 
 34 
 
 60 
 
 17 
 
 80 
 
 16 
 
 40 
 
 21 
 
 40 
 
 27 
 
 80 
 
 27 
 
 40 
 
 35 
 
 vil. lots 
 
 vil. lots 
 
 120 
 
 38 
 
 240 
 
 16 
 
 106 
 
 19 
 
 80 
 
 33 
 
 20 
 
 9 
 
 40 
 
 28 
 
 vil. lots 
 
 vil. lots 
 
 ■ 96 
 
 18 
 
 P. o. 
 Wliite, August, f'mer, Champlin, 
 Wild, Samuel, farmer, Osseo, 
 
 EDEN PRAIRIE. 
 
 Anderson, James, far., Eden Prairie, 
 Anderson, Wm. far., Eden Prairie, 
 Anderson, Arch. far. Eden Prairie, 
 Anderson, Robert, far. Eden Prairie, 
 Anderson, Samuel, far. Eden Prairie, 
 Anderson, J. 11. far. Washburn, 
 Bryant, 'William, far. IMinneapolis, 
 Boyington, Ira, far. Washburn, 
 Brum, Wm. farmer, Eden Prairie, 
 Bahne, Joseph, miller, Eden Prairie, 
 Brown, G. H. farmer, Eden Prairie, 
 Brown, Nathaniel, far. Eden Prairie, 
 Brown, J. A. farmer, Eden Prairie, 
 Brewis, R. farmer, Eden Prairie, 
 Cavanaugh, J, farmer, Shakopee, 
 Collins, Wm. farmer, Washburn, 
 Cornwell, George, far. Eden Prairie, 
 Clay, M. J. farmer, Eden Prairie, 
 Clark, James, farmer, Eden Prairie, 
 Cummins, J. R. far. Washburn, 
 Clark, James, Sr. far. Eden Prairie, 
 Donlon, John, farmer, Washburn, 
 Delashaw, J. farmer, Washburn, 
 Frederichs, J. W. far. Washburn, 
 Frank, S. farmer, Washburn, 
 
 Feldmann, F. farmer, Shakopee, 
 Furgason, A. farmer, Eden Prairie, 
 Gamble, James, far. Eden Praii-ie, 
 Gould, Aaron, farmer, Washburn, 
 Goodrich, J. C. far. Eden Prairie, 
 Geisler, Frank, farmer, Washburn, 
 Gibbs, G. N. farmer, Washburn, 
 Glenn, A. farmer, Eden Prairie, 
 Ilolasek Jos. farmer, Hopkins, 
 Ilulbert, W. F. " Washburn, 
 
 Hill, John, farmer, Eden Prauie, 
 Ilankins, G. V. " Eden Prairie, 
 Haiikins, A. B. " Eden Prairie, 
 Jarrett, W. J. farmer, Washburn, 
 Kuchera, J. F. farmer, Wasliburn, 
 Kurtz, Anton, farmer, ^\'ashburn 
 Klinglehoats, T. " Washburn, 
 Kruger, A. farmer, Washburn, 
 Kempton, G. R. " Washburn, 
 Kopetzy, Jos. farmer, Hopkins, 
 
 A. s. 
 50 27 
 95 35 
 
 687 14 
 
 187 14 
 
 230 14 
 
 195 24 
 
 80 36 
 
 78 16 
 
 139i 1 
 
 40 15 
 
 160 22 
 
 10 
 
 200 26 
 
 106.} 27 
 
 163 85 
 24 
 
 152 19 
 
 80 21 
 
 150 24 
 
 80 25 
 
 160 25 
 
 820 27 
 
 40 36 
 
 80 8 
 
 100 
 228 
 
 40 18 
 
 216 30 
 
 40 32 
 
 IGO 14 
 
 220 20 
 
 160 28 
 
 142 30 
 
 40 20 
 
 80 25 
 
 382 2 
 
 200 8 
 
 138 36 
 
 40 23 
 
 23 
 
 320 8 
 
 185 4 
 
 160 4 
 
 80 18 
 
 60 29 
 
 40 29 
 
 40 1
 
 678 
 
 HISTORY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 
 p. 0. 
 
 A. 
 
 s. 
 
 F 
 
 . 0. 
 
 A. 
 
 S. 
 
 Kopetzki.Jolin.farmer, Hopkins, 
 
 20 
 
 1 
 
 Staring. M. S. farmer. AA'ashbum, 
 
 40 
 
 30 
 
 Kuchera, Jos. farmer, 
 
 "Washburn. 
 
 2U 
 
 5 
 
 Tuckey. E. A. farmer, Eden Prairie, 
 
 17526-7 
 
 Kuchera. J. Jr. •• 
 
 Washljiun. 
 
 80 
 
 7 
 
 Tuckey. Henry. " Eden Prairie, 
 
 90 
 
 26 
 
 Luzeii. Wm. farmer, 
 
 ■Washburn. 
 
 120 
 
 8 
 
 Tirrell. C. B. farmer, Eden Prairie, 
 
 300 
 
 28 
 
 Lapoiir, J. farmer, 
 
 Hopkins, 
 
 160 
 
 12 
 
 AVolf . Jacob, farmer, Eden Prairie, 
 
 120 
 
 26 
 
 Lucas. John, farmer. 
 Lowell. II. E. ■■ 
 
 Washburn. 
 Washburn. 
 
 120 
 100 
 
 16 
 20 
 
 EXCKJLSIOE. 
 
 
 
 LaEhier. F. farmer 
 
 Eden Prairie. 
 
 348 
 
 21 
 
 Austin, L. A. farmer, 
 
 Excelsior, 
 
 18 
 
 24 
 
 Leigh. G. T. farmer. 
 
 Eden Praiiie, 
 
 360 
 
 35 
 
 Apgar, A. E. farmer. 
 
 Excelsior. 
 
 90 
 
 33 
 
 ilergens. J. B. farmer. 
 
 Washburn, 
 
 83 
 
 6 
 
 Avery, G. AV. boat builder, 
 
 Excelsior, 
 
 
 30 
 
 ilomm, C. farmer. 
 
 Excelsior, 
 
 194 
 
 6 
 
 Bingham. A. M. farmer. 
 
 Excelsior, 
 
 70 
 
 23 
 
 Moran, John, farmer. 
 
 Washburn, 
 
 80 
 
 7 
 
 Bennett, E. L. farmer. 
 
 Excelsior, 
 
 30 
 
 26 
 
 Mitchell. A. W.. " 
 
 AVashburn, 
 
 240 
 
 15 
 
 Bickford, A. boat builder. 
 
 Excelsior. 
 
 
 
 ilitchell. S.. farmer. 
 
 Washburn. 
 
 70 
 
 17 
 
 Bost. T. fanner. 
 
 Excelsior, 
 
 60 
 
 33 
 
 iiiller. Fred, farmer. 
 
 Waslibuni. 
 
 134 
 
 17 
 
 Babcock, E. A. farmer. 
 
 Excelsior, 
 
 120 
 
 32 
 
 Moran. G.. farmer, 
 
 AVashburn, 
 
 158 
 
 18 
 
 Beeman, E. P. farmer. 
 
 Excelsior, 
 
 140 
 
 34 
 
 Mason. J., farmer. 
 
 AVaslibuni. 
 
 134 
 
 18 
 
 Bonjour. A. nurseryman, 
 
 Excelsior, 
 
 16 
 
 35 
 
 Marley, John, farmer. 
 
 Eden Prairie. 
 
 SO 
 
 21 
 
 Bennett, M. F. blacksmith 
 
 
 
 
 McCoy. Wm., farmer. 
 
 Eden Prairie. 
 
 155 
 
 »70 
 
 and wagon-maker 
 
 Excelsior. 
 
 
 
 Mitchell. Alex, farmei 
 
 . AVashburn. 
 
 120 
 
 20 
 
 Beers. H. H.. U. S. mail agt. 
 
 Excelsior. 
 
 
 
 2feill. Aaron, farmer 
 
 . Eden Prairie. 
 
 243 
 
 23 
 
 Burch. H. I), teacher. 
 
 Excelsior, 
 
 10 
 
 34 
 
 Ohm.M.,L.&T.. " 
 
 AVashburn, 
 
 180 
 
 6 
 
 Bickford, Mrs. E. farming 
 
 . Excelsior, 
 
 32 
 
 26' 
 
 Osterfeld. Ben. farmer 
 
 . Eden Prairie. 
 
 160 
 
 30 
 
 Cordell. Simon, farmer. 
 
 Excelsior, 
 
 172 
 
 36 
 
 Picha. John, farmer. 
 
 AVashburn. 
 
 50 
 
 5 
 
 Connor, D. hotel. 
 
 Excelsior. 
 
 
 
 Picha. Joe, farmei. 
 
 AVashburn. 
 
 50 
 
 5 
 
 Clark. J. H. merchant, 
 
 Excelsior. 
 
 
 
 Plihal. v., farmer. 
 
 AVashburn. 
 
 80 
 
 6 
 
 Carson. E. retired. 
 
 Excelsior. 
 
 
 
 Paine. W. B.. farmer. 
 
 AVashburn. 
 
 200 
 
 16 
 
 Day, G. E. farmer, 
 
 Excelsior, 
 
 40 
 
 33 
 
 Paine. John A., farmei 
 
 . AVaslibuni. 
 
 147 
 
 .7.'> 
 
 DeGroodt, P. S. proprietor 
 
 
 
 
 Paine. Ezra, farmer. 
 
 Eden Prarrie. 
 
 
 22 
 
 DeGroodt House 
 
 Excelsior. 
 
 
 
 Picha. John, farmer. 
 
 Washburn, 
 
 80 
 
 7 
 
 Dennis, O. H. mason, 
 
 Excelsior, 
 
 
 26 
 
 Kankin. J., farmer. 
 
 AVashburn. 
 
 160 
 
 17 
 
 Dittfacb. F. miller. 
 
 Excelsior. 
 
 
 
 Kiley. Matt, farmer. 
 
 Shakopee, 
 
 320 
 
 19 
 
 Elwood. .John, farmer. 
 
 Excelsior. 
 
 80 
 
 33 
 
 Kiley, Ann. farmer, 
 
 Shakopee, 
 
 100 
 
 19 
 
 Eddy. H. E. farmer. 
 
 Excelsior. 
 
 160 
 
 32 
 
 Kaguet,W.H.. fanner 
 
 AVashburn. 
 
 243 
 
 21 
 
 Empinger. F. J. farmer. 
 
 Excelsior, 
 
 
 35 
 
 Eymer, J., farmer. 
 
 AVashburn. 
 
 40 
 
 29 
 
 Ferguson. AVm. II. farmer. 
 
 Excelsior. 
 
 146 
 
 23 
 
 Eeichard. I)., farmer. 
 
 Shakopee, 
 
 63 
 
 30 
 
 Fitch. G. Engineer, 
 
 Excelsior. 
 
 
 
 Eitchie, P. P., farmer 
 
 . Eden Prauie. 
 
 548 
 
 34 
 
 Gibson, Charles, retired. 
 
 AA'ayzata. 
 
 131 
 
 13 
 
 Eeimer. Henry. •' 
 
 Shakopee. 
 
 60 
 
 29 
 
 Good, E. farmer. 
 
 Excelsior, 
 
 80 
 
 25 
 
 Eivers. Frank, farmer 
 
 Eden Prairie. 
 
 349 
 
 21 
 
 Giffln. E. I. farmer, 
 
 Excelsior. 
 
 17 
 
 34 
 
 Schmeidel, J. farmer. 
 
 AVashburn, 
 
 172 
 
 3 
 
 Gideon, P. M. fruit grower 
 
 . Excelsior, 
 
 150 
 
 28 
 
 Staring, J. H. farmer. 
 
 Excelsior, 
 
 80 
 
 7 
 
 Gifford, E. D. farmer. 
 
 Excelsior, 
 
 80 
 
 32 
 
 Stacy, W. 11. farmer. 
 
 AVashburn. 
 
 240 
 
 9 
 
 GifEord, J. S. farmer. 
 
 Excelsior. 
 
 50 
 
 31 
 
 Steenson, \\'. farmer, 
 
 Eden Praiiie, 
 
 200 
 
 15 
 
 Gould, F. G. nurseryman. 
 
 Excelsior, 
 
 20 
 
 
 Steenson, S. farmer, 
 
 Eden Prairie, 
 
 102 
 
 25 
 
 Gates, O. S. boat and liverj' 
 
 Excelsior. 
 
 
 
 Starhig. J. farmer, 
 
 AVashburn. 
 
 180 
 
 28 
 
 Godley. P. G. merchant. 
 
 Excelsior. 
 
 
 
 Stewart, John, farmer 
 
 , Eden Prairie, 
 
 40 
 
 36 
 
 Gates and Dunlap. boats. 
 
 Excelsior. 
 
 
 
 Stewart. B. farmer, 
 
 Eden Praiiie, 
 
 
 27 
 
 Hilton. L. C. boat caulker. 
 
 Excelsior, 
 
 95 
 
 21 
 
 Seller, J. G. farmer. 
 
 AVashburn. 
 
 80 
 
 6 
 
 Harney. AVm. farmer. 
 
 Excelsior. 
 
 80 
 
 25 
 
 Smith, S. farmer. 
 
 AVashbiuu, 
 
 160 
 
 17 
 
 Hathaway, D. farmer. 
 
 Excelsior, 
 
 37 
 
 28
 
 TOWNSHIF DIBECTORIES. 
 
 679 
 
 p. o. 
 
 Hazleton, F. L. farmer, Excelsior, 
 
 Howard, Silas, farmer. Excelsior, 
 
 Howard, Simeon, farmer, Excelsior, 
 
 Hoiby, A. blacksmith and wagon maker, 
 
 Excelsior. 
 
 Hay, Aug. meat market^ Excelsior. 
 
 Hunt. 1). C. retired. Excelsior. 
 
 Hempfer, C. shoe shop. Excelsior. 
 
 Harrison, J. J. blacksmith, Excelsior. 
 
 Harrison.X.H.boat builder, Wayzata. 
 
 Hazleton, C. J. farmer, Excelsior, 
 
 Hopkins, A.H. mill-wright. Excelsior. 
 
 Halsted, Geo. B. lawyer. Excelsior. 
 
 Jones, Wm. B. merchant. Excelsior. 
 
 Jellison, J. L. painter, Wayzata, 
 
 Keith, H. C. carpenter, Minneapolis, 
 
 Latham. A.W. nurs'ryman. Excelsior, 
 
 Le Van, W. 11. farmer, 
 
 Latterner, E. R. farmer, 
 
 Latterner, T. J. farmer, 
 
 Latterner, G. F. farmer. 
 
 Luce, R. K clerk, 
 
 Latham, A. B. manufac- 
 turer of rustic chairs, 
 
 McLean, J. farmer, 
 
 McLean, M. R. farmer, 
 
 Meaker, O. C. farmer, 
 
 Mann, J. W. farmer, 
 
 Millard, Henry, farmer. 
 
 Miller, J. F. farmer, 
 
 Morse, W. B. 
 
 Maynard, M. M. hardware 
 
 merchant. Excelsior. 
 
 May, C. Capt. of "Hattie 
 May, Excelsior. 
 
 McGrath.R.B. contractor. Excelsior. 
 
 Marsh, L. F. foreman, Excelsior. 
 
 Naab, Martin, farmer. Excelsior, 
 
 Newell, E. D. millinery. Excelsior. 
 
 Prince, C. E. bookkeeper Excelsior. 
 
 Page, C. H. Pleasant Grove House. 
 
 Excelsior. 
 
 Perkins, E. R. physician and surgeon, 
 
 Excelsior. 
 
 Rockwell, Wm. boats and farmer. 
 
 Excelsior, 
 
 Rohey, W. farmer, Excelsior, 
 
 Solberg, O. N. Excelsior, 
 
 Schroder, Peter, farmer, Excelsior, 
 
 A. 
 
 s. 
 
 13 
 
 32 
 
 .52 
 
 30 
 
 9 
 
 31 
 
 Excelsior, 
 
 40 
 
 Excelsior, 
 
 46 
 
 Excelsior, 
 
 40 
 
 Excelsior, 
 
 120 
 
 Excelsior, 
 
 40 
 
 Excelsior. 
 
 - 
 
 Excelsior. 
 
 
 Excelsior, 
 
 25 
 
 Excelsior, 
 
 9.3 
 
 Excelsior, 
 
 10.5 
 
 Excelsior, 
 
 13.5 
 
 Excelsior, 
 
 20 
 
 Excelsior, 
 
 120 
 
 Excelsior. 
 
 
 6.! 32 
 
 34 
 20 
 30 
 35 
 33 
 33 
 33 
 32 
 
 34 
 34 
 33 
 32 
 32 
 32 
 
 .53 31 
 
 33 
 
 34 
 
 71 
 
 31 
 
 12 
 
 26 
 
 58 
 
 36 
 
 . o. 
 
 A. 
 
 s. 
 
 Excelsior, 
 
 60 
 
 35 
 
 Excelsior, 
 
 50 
 
 34 
 
 Excelsior. 
 
 18 
 
 33 
 
 Excelsior, 
 
 111 
 
 29 
 
 Excelsior, 
 
 75 
 
 32 
 
 80 34 
 
 Stoddard, F. J. farmer, 
 
 Seekler, .J. J. fanner, 
 
 Spaulding, Z. D. farmer, 
 
 Sampson, W. A. farmer, 
 
 Scott, H. E. farmer, 
 
 Sampson, L. F. merchant and P. M., 
 
 Excelsior, 
 Stephens, G. W. meat market. 
 
 Excelsior, 
 Simpson, Wm. proprietor White House, 
 
 Excelsior. 
 Sheldon, C. B. clergyman. Excelsior. 
 Slater, G. A. proprietor of Slater House, 
 
 Excelsior. 
 Sturgess, S. boat builder, Excelsior. 
 Seamans, S. A. farmer. Excelsior. 
 Turner, P. H. harness maker. 
 
 Excelsior. 
 Thompson, A. general store. 
 
 Excelsior. 
 Westlake, C. .J. retired. Excelsior. 
 Wait, H. F. proprietor of Excelsior House, 
 
 Excelsior. 
 
 GREENWOOD. 
 
 Ayder, Paul E. farmer, Hanover, 80 2 
 
 Ames, Geo. F. farmer, Rockford, 104 29 
 
 Ahrens, Lawrence, farmer, Rockford, 100 36 
 
 Ames, Mary H. farmer, Rockford, SO 29 
 
 Bechtold, Henry, farmer, Hanover, 80 1 
 
 ]3echtold, Wm. farmer, Hanover, 80 2 
 
 Bechtold, John, farmer, Hanover, SO 12 
 
 Bursch, C. farmer, Dupont, 80 13 
 
 Bigler, Charles, farmer, Rockford, 36 16 
 
 Bukosky, John, farmer, Dupont, 80 24 
 
 Bukosky, Peter, farmer, Dupont, 80 24 
 
 Bukosky, Jacob, farmer, Dupont, 80 24 
 
 Bugbee, C. L. farmer, Rockford, 120 28 
 
 Biskey, Martin, farmer, Rockford, 40 32 
 
 Bowen, H. L. farmer, Rockford, 40 34 
 
 Bowen, E. farmer, Rockford, 74 34 
 
 Bauer, Benedict, farmer, Rockford, 160 26 
 
 Biskey, Fred, farmer, Rockford, 40 
 
 Biskey,Martin, Jr. farmer, Rockford, 17 
 
 Biskey, August, farmer, Rockford, 40 32 
 
 Currier, R. W. farmer, Rockford, 160 27 
 
 Cunningham,,Tohn, farmer, Rockford, 75 28 
 
 Conzet, M. farmer, Rockford, 160 33 
 
 Guptm, J. S. farmer, Rockford, SO 34 
 
 32 
 32
 
 680 
 
 HTSTORY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 
 p. o. 
 
 A. 
 
 s. 
 
 Droneck, Simeon, farmer 
 
 Rockford, 
 
 80 
 
 oo 
 
 Dorman, A. W. farmer. 
 
 Eockford, 
 
 160 
 
 36 
 
 Dupont, J. A. farmer, 
 
 Dupont, 
 
 80 
 
 36 
 
 Elliott, G. W. farmer. 
 
 Kockford. 
 
 53 
 
 35 
 
 Florida. E. W. miller. 
 
 Eockford. 
 
 
 29 
 
 Greehling, II. farmer. 
 
 Eockford. 
 
 200 
 
 10 
 
 Guptill. J. S. farmer, 
 
 Rockford. 
 
 180 
 
 34 
 
 Gould, W. C. farmer. 
 
 Eockford. 
 
 80 
 
 28 
 
 Gent. AV. o. farmer. 
 
 Eockford, 
 
 50 
 
 31 
 
 Ilazen. .John. Sr. farmer. 
 
 Eockford. 
 
 160 
 
 10 
 
 Ilarff, M. farmer. 
 
 Hanover, 
 
 240 
 
 10 
 
 Hafner, John, farmer, 
 
 Eockford, 
 
 398 
 
 11 
 
 Hohenstein. G. farmer. 
 
 Hanover. 
 
 200 
 
 11 
 
 Ilohenstein, A. farmer. 
 
 Hanover. 
 
 160 
 
 It 
 
 Hafften, Carl, farmer, 
 
 Rockford, 
 
 150 
 
 23 
 
 Hall. W. W. farmer. 
 
 Rockford, 
 
 76 
 
 34 
 
 Hazen. John, J. farmer, 
 
 Rockford, 
 
 80 
 
 8 
 
 Hofften. C. B. farmer. 
 
 Rockford, 
 
 160 
 
 15 
 
 Ilebner. T. farmer. 
 
 Eockford, 
 
 40 
 
 36 
 
 Jenkins. Allen, farmer. 
 
 Eockford, 
 
 159 
 
 27 
 
 Jacobs. John, farmer. 
 
 Eockford, 
 
 187 
 
 32 
 
 Kuhne. August, farmer. 
 
 Hanover, 
 
 100.! 
 
 1 
 
 Kampf. William, farmer, 
 
 Hanover, 
 
 159 
 
 12 
 
 Kottke. Fred, farmer. 
 
 Hanover, 
 
 80 
 
 12 
 
 Kenitz, Wm. farmer. 
 
 Dupont, 
 
 80 
 
 13 
 
 Kaeeher, Henry, farmer. 
 
 Eockford, 
 
 80 
 
 14 
 
 Kalk. Carl, farmer. 
 
 Eockford, 
 
 80 
 
 24 
 
 Kruger. George, farmer. 
 
 Eockford, 
 
 80 
 
 25 
 
 Kruger, Gotleib. farmer. 
 
 Eockford, 
 
 80 
 
 25 
 
 Kuhn, Joseph, farmer, 
 
 Eockford, 
 
 80 
 
 25 
 
 Keiser, Peter, farmer. 
 
 Dupont, 
 
 80 
 
 26 
 
 Keiser. Nicholas, farmer. 
 
 Dupont, 
 
 75 
 
 26 
 
 Kottke, Gottfreid, farmer, 
 
 Eockford, 
 
 81 
 
 27 
 
 Liebau, J. farmer. 
 
 Hanover, 
 
 60 
 
 1 
 
 Laeffler. M. farmer. 
 
 Hanover, 
 
 160 
 
 1 
 
 Luther, August, farmer. 
 
 Hanover, 
 
 67 
 
 3 
 
 Lieder, W. farmer. 
 
 Hanover, 
 
 80 
 
 — 
 
 Lucien. JI. farmer. 
 
 Hanover. 
 
 160 
 
 24 
 
 Ludeski, John, farmer. 
 
 Eockford, 
 
 45 
 
 34 
 
 Lewis. Samuel, farmer. 
 
 Eockford, 
 
 40 
 
 35 
 
 Lawrence. Benj. farmer. 
 
 Eockford, 
 
 40 
 
 28 
 
 Moore, il. J. farmer. 
 
 Eockford. 
 
 80 
 
 27 
 
 Middlebrook. W. L. farmer 
 
 Eockford, 
 
 60 
 
 27 
 
 McLean, James, farmer 
 
 
 
 
 and clergyman. 
 
 Eockford, 
 
 80 
 
 33 
 
 Murphy. D. farmer, 
 
 Rockford, 
 
 20 
 
 31 
 
 O'Mera, John, farmer. 
 
 Rockford, 
 
 200 
 
 28 
 
 Frebe, ilartin, farmer. 
 
 Hanover, 
 
 80 
 
 1 
 
 Patterson, T. J. farmer, 
 
 Rockford, 
 
 100 
 
 27 
 
 P, O, A. S. 
 
 Reich, G. farmer, Hanover, 160 12 
 
 Rutherford, A, farmer. Rockford. 160 23 
 
 Reetz. Charles, farmer. Eockford. 120 25 
 
 Eoberts. Albert, farmer, Eockford. 80 32 
 
 Eoberts, A, J, farmer, Eockford, 157 35 
 
 Settgast, Fritz, farmer, Hanover, 190 2 
 
 Sipe. C. farmer. Dupont, 159 12 
 
 Sielaff, Charles, farmer. Hanover, 80 13 
 
 Schnappauf, H, farmer, Hanover, 240 J4 
 
 Spitzlase. John, farmer, Hanover, 73 14 
 
 Schauer, J. farmer, Eockford, 92 23 
 
 Schendel, C. farmer, Rockford, 87 23 
 
 Sipe, Ephriam. farmer. Dupont, 80 24 
 
 Sperry, X. D. farmer. Rockford, 6 33 
 
 SheUey, G. "\V. farmer, Rockford, 80 35 
 
 Stauky. John, farmer. Rockford, 40 36 
 
 Tesmar. August, farmer. Dupont, 80 25 
 
 Tesmar. John, farmer, Dupont, 80 25 
 
 "S'eilhaber. Chas, farmer, Hanover. 120 2 
 
 AVeinhold, Wm. farmer, Hanover, 120 16 
 
 HASSAN. 
 
 Bartlett, W, II. farmer, 
 Burley, Thomas, farmer, 
 Beaswald, E. farmer, 
 Bowers, John, farmer, 
 Barthel. August, farmer 
 Bursch August, farmer, 
 Brokhausen, A. farmer, 
 Billings, M. F, farmer. 
 Corbeau. David, farmer, 
 Cowett, B. farmer, 
 Curtis, R. H. farmer, 
 Curtis, S. W. farmer, 
 Curtis, A. farmer, 
 Curry, John, farmer, 
 Depeau, W. H. farmer, 
 Demars. M. farmer. 
 Dohlheimer, J. farmer, 
 Demery, AVm. farmer, 
 Duman. Frank, farmer, 
 Huffy, P. farmer, 
 Drager, M. farmer, 
 Dirksmeier. B. farmer, 
 Duman. Wm. farmer, 
 Ebner, B. farmer, 
 Elliott. R. farmer, 
 Ende. William, farmer, 
 Fox. Michael, farmer. 
 
 Dayton, 
 
 Hassan, 
 
 Hassan, 
 
 Dayton, 
 
 Hanover, 
 
 Hanover, 
 
 Maple Grove, 
 
 Hassan, 
 
 Daj-ton, 
 
 Dayton, 
 
 Hassan, 
 
 Hassan, 
 
 Hassan, 
 
 Hassan, 
 
 Dayto7i, 
 
 Dayton, 
 
 Dayton, 
 
 Dayton, 
 
 Dayton, 
 
 Dayton, 
 
 Hanover, 
 
 Maple Grove, 
 
 Dayton, 
 
 Dayton, 
 
 Hassan, 
 
 Hanover, 
 
 Dayton, 
 
 80 12 
 
 139 20 
 
 80 23 
 
 120 24 
 
 35 36 
 
 80 31 
 
 91 35 
 
 80 19 
 
 65 12 
 
 80 12 
 
 80 24 
 
 80 19 
 
 40 24 
 
 160 29 
 
 80 12 
 
 160 14 
 
 80 13 
 
 80 14 
 
 80 17 
 
 80 17 
 
 105 36 
 
 60 36 
 
 80 17 
 80 
 
 95 20 
 
 200 31 
 
 80 11
 
 TOWNSHIP DIBECTORIES. 
 
 681 
 
 Fitzgerald. N. farmer, 
 Flynn, Thomas, farmer, 
 riynn, James, farmer, 
 Fislier Freil, farmer, 
 Fitzgerald, Pat, farmer. 
 Ford, Dennis, farmer, 
 Guiman George, farmer, 
 Guiman, Paul, farmer, 
 Gowell, Samuel, farmer, 
 Gibbons, T. farmer, 
 Ghostley, Frank, farmer 
 Gaul, P. farmer, 
 Ilynes, M. farmer, 
 Hynes, P. farmer, 
 Iloag Aaron, farmer. 
 Henry, W. B. farmer, 
 Hawkins, Jasper, farmer, 
 Hebner, C. farmer, 
 Ilagel, Peter A. farmer, 
 Hagel, N. farmer, 
 Hawkins, H. farmer, 
 Hagel, Peter, farmer, 
 Haeben, Jas. farmer, 
 Isean, George, farmer, 
 James, F. I), farmer, 
 Jackins, M. F. farmer, 
 Jackman, Wm. farmer, 
 Koegan, John, farmer, 
 Kerr, Annie, farmer, 
 Klersy, Joseph, farmer, 
 Kimball, E. S. farmer, 
 Kinghorn, A. farmer, 
 Kenmeluther, J. farmer, 
 Kennedy, James, farmer, 
 Kason, John, farmers, 
 Knott, E. farmer, 
 Knott, A. farmer, 
 Lindringan, D., est., farmer, 
 Lentz, Fred, farmer, 
 Lafy, Patrick, f aimer, 
 Martineau, F. farmer, 
 Mulrean, M. farmer, 
 McGinnis, T. farmer, 
 McGinnis, W. farmer, 
 McDougall, N. farmer, 
 Milless, IVI. farmer, 
 Milless, H. farmer. 
 Miller, F. C. farmer, 
 McGenty, A. farmer, 
 
 p. o. 
 
 A. 
 
 s. 
 
 Hassan, 
 
 70 
 
 16 
 
 Hassan, 
 
 160 
 
 32 
 
 Hanover, 
 
 80 
 
 32 
 
 Hassan, 
 
 170 
 
 19 
 
 Dayton, 
 
 97 
 
 10 
 
 Dayton, 
 
 204 
 
 11 
 
 Dayton, 
 
 50 
 
 12 
 
 Dayton, 
 
 79 
 
 11 
 
 Hassan, 
 
 108 
 
 20 
 
 Hanover, 
 
 90 
 
 33 
 
 Hassan, 
 
 160 
 
 29 
 
 Hassan, 
 
 J 30 
 
 26 
 
 Dayton, 
 
 160 
 
 15 
 
 Dayton, 
 
 160 
 
 15 
 
 Hasson, 
 
 515 
 
 19 
 
 Dayton, 
 
 200 
 
 24 
 
 Hassan, 
 
 120 
 
 21 
 
 Maple (irove 
 
 , 40 
 
 36 
 
 Hassan, 
 
 40 
 
 26 
 
 Hassan, 
 
 120 
 
 27 
 
 Hassan, 
 
 84 
 
 28 
 
 Corcoran, 
 
 160 
 
 34 
 
 Hassan, 
 
 70 
 
 26 
 
 Dayton, 
 
 80 
 
 26 
 
 Dayton, 
 
 400 
 
 11 
 
 Hassan, 
 
 80 
 
 19 
 
 Hanover, 
 
 80 
 
 31 
 
 Dayton, 
 
 30 
 
 14 
 
 Hassan, 
 
 80 
 
 19 
 
 Hassan, 
 
 86 
 
 24 
 
 Dayton, 
 
 160 
 
 24 
 
 Dayton, 
 
 160 
 
 25 
 
 Hassan, 
 
 40 
 
 26 
 
 Hanover, 
 
 160 
 
 32 
 
 Maple Grove, 
 
 54 
 
 35 
 
 Maple Grove 
 
 200 
 
 24 
 
 Hassan, 
 
 118 
 
 24 
 
 Dayton. 
 
 no 
 
 11 
 
 Maple Grove. 
 
 80 
 
 35 
 
 Hanover, 
 
 160 
 
 33 
 
 Dayton, 
 
 50 
 
 12 
 
 Dayton, 
 
 80 
 
 14 
 
 Hassan, 
 
 82 
 
 16 
 
 Hassan, 
 
 80 
 
 15 
 
 Hassan, 
 
 105 
 
 17 
 
 Dayton, 
 
 80 
 
 23 
 
 Dayton, 
 
 SO 
 
 23 
 
 Dayton, 
 
 80 
 
 24 
 
 Hassan, 
 
 40 
 
 27 
 
 McHugo, M. farmer, 
 Mackey, M. farmer. 
 Madden, Phil, farmer, 
 Mullrun, Mat. farmer, 
 Noon, Grace, farmer, 
 Nellis, J. farmer, 
 Noth, Henry, farmer, 
 Parceno, Wm. farmer, 
 Parslow, S. farmer, 
 Parslow, C. J. farmer, 
 Quinn, Thomas, farmer, 
 Rogers, Thomas, farmer, 
 Russell, John, farmer. 
 Sharper, David, farmer. 
 Sharper, George, farmer, 
 Stengleln, A. farmer, 
 Stenglein, John, farmer, 
 Shelley, John, farmer. 
 Sharper, Felix, farmer. 
 Tucker, Charles, farmer. 
 Tucker, John, farmer, 
 Temple, Andrew, farmer, 
 Unke, Wm. farmer, 
 Verrette, D. farmer. 
 Ward, Patrick, farmer, 
 Wiggin, E. S. farmer, 
 Wiggin, J. B. farmer, 
 Whiteford, G. farmer, 
 Weber, J. farmer. 
 
 p. o. 
 Hassan, 
 Corcoran, 
 Corcoran, 
 Dayton, 
 Hassan, 
 Maple Grove 
 Maple Grove, 
 Hassan, 
 Hassan, 
 Hassan, 
 Hassan, 
 Dayton, 
 JIapIe Grove, 
 Dayton, 
 Dayton, 
 Maple Grove, 
 Maple Grove, 
 Hassan, 
 Corcoran, 
 Hassan, 
 Hassan, 
 Maple Grove, 
 Maple Grove, 
 Dayton, 
 Dayton, 
 Hassan, 
 Hassan, 
 Hasson, 
 Hassan, 
 
 A. s. 
 
 80 28 
 
 240 31 
 
 80 33 
 
 80 14 
 
 110 20 
 
 39 26 
 
 371 36 
 
 73 16 
 
 95 
 
 INDEPENDENCE. 
 
 Astrope, T. farmer, 
 Astrope, H. farmer, 
 Alger, W. C. farmer, 
 Alger, Enos, farmer, 
 Archibald, T. farmer, 
 Anderson, A. farmer, 
 Burns, G. C. farmer, 
 Bische, M. farmer, 
 Broderick, P. farmer, 
 Batdorf, John, farmer, 
 Becker, A. M. farmer. 
 Berry, L. farmer, 
 Beal, Jacob, farmer. 
 Berry, Albert, farmer, 
 Bryant, Jacob, farmer, 
 Burnett, E. D. farmer, 
 Briley, W. blacksmith, 
 Baker, H. farmer, 
 
 Maple Plain, 
 Maple Plain, 
 Rockford, 
 Majile Plain, 
 Maple Plain, 
 Maple Plain, 
 Delano, 
 Rockford, 
 Delano, 
 Maple Plain, 
 Maple Plain, 
 Delano, 
 Maple Plain, 
 Delano, 
 Delano, 
 Maple Plain, 
 Maple Plain. 
 Maple Plain, 
 
 n 
 
 97 21 
 
 80 22 
 
 190 41 
 
 120 35 
 
 80 14 
 
 80 14 
 
 160 25 
 
 180 26 
 
 104 29 
 
 160 35 
 
 200 22 
 
 244 28 
 
 120 36 
 
 80 35 
 
 80 12 
 
 127 11 
 
 120 16 
 
 38 21 
 
 50 21 
 
 80- 27 
 
 80 4 
 
 80 4 
 
 80 4 
 
 80 9 
 
 80 22 
 
 40 36 
 
 80 4 
 
 40 6 
 
 160 8 
 
 160 10 
 
 150 11 
 
 67 19 
 
 40 29 
 
 75 19 
 
 164 31 
 
 214 23 
 
 40 24
 
 682 
 
 HJSTORT OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 p. o. 
 
 Bradford. E. J. farmer. Maple Plain. 
 
 Bradford. L. E. farmer. Maple Plain. 
 
 Biidd, AV. W. farmer. Maple Plain. 
 
 Biidd, H. C. farmer, Maple Plain, 
 
 Batdorf. B. farmer. Maple Plain, 
 
 Brandon. E. farmer. Maple Plain, 
 
 Brandon, J. I), farmer. Maple Plain, 
 
 Brown. Geo. farmer. Maple Plain. 
 
 Berg. Peter, farmer. Maple Plain, 
 
 Bergstrom. John, farmer, Maple Plain. 
 
 Bradford. G. AV. farmer. Maple Plain, 
 
 Chapman, Cyrns, farmer, Kockford, 
 
 Carleton, C. K. farmer. Delano. 
 
 Cleveland. W. M. hotel. Maple Plain, 
 
 Cleveland, S. II. hotel. Maple Plain. 
 
 Chapman, J. Z. farmer. Maple Plain. 
 
 Copeland, A. farmer, Maple Plain, 
 
 Cox, David, farmer, Maple Plain, 
 
 Copeland, L. farmer, Delano, 
 
 eleven, J. farmer, Delano, 
 
 Coffin, E. S. farmer. Maple Plain, 
 
 Coffin. A. farmer. Maple Plain, 
 
 Coffin, Frank S. farmer, ISIaple Plain, 
 
 Dickey, H.C.carriage-m'r. Maple Plain. 
 
 Dunn. Wm. farmer. Maple Plain. 
 
 Drake. Benjamin. merch"t. Maple Plain. 
 
 Dnrfee. Panl, farmer, Delano, 
 
 Duggan, Thomas, farmer, Maple Plain. 
 
 Erickson, C. A. farmer, Delano. 
 
 Ericksou, M. farmer, Delano. 
 
 Erickson, A. farmer, Maple Plain, 
 
 Elliott, Geo., farmer, Roekford, 
 
 Fassett.O. E. farmer, Roekford, 
 
 Fogleman, 11. farmer. Maple Plain, 
 
 Freeman, D. H. farmer, Delano, 
 
 Fogleman, AV. farmer, ilaple Plain. 
 
 Guberson, W. "\V. farmer, Delano. 
 
 Gasper, Thomas, farmer, Roekford, 
 
 Getten, M. farmer, Delano, 
 
 Hall. A. H. farmer, Eockford. 
 Ilackebeil. Gustav. farmer. Delano. 
 
 Hall. B. II. farmer, Eockford. 
 
 Hutchuison. J. farmer. Maple Plain. 
 
 Hoisington. E. M. farmer. ^Slaple Plain. 
 
 Ilitsman, William, farmer, Maple Plain, 
 
 Histed. J. farmer. Maple Plain, 
 
 Hitsman. T.. farmer, Maiile Plain. 
 
 Hardy, W. farmer, Delano, 
 
 Harrington, H. farmer. Maple Plain, 
 
 A. 
 
 s. 
 
 50 
 
 34 
 
 1.50 
 
 34 
 
 ISO 
 
 25 
 
 93 
 
 25 
 
 120 
 
 26 
 
 80 
 
 30 
 
 120 
 
 27 
 
 40 
 
 32 
 
 60 
 
 27 
 
 40 
 
 28 
 
 160 
 
 33 
 
 80 
 
 5 
 
 360 
 
 9 
 
 vil. lots. 
 
 41 
 
 23 
 
 60 
 
 25 
 
 .50 
 
 25 
 
 80 
 
 25 
 
 274 
 
 29 
 
 1.50 
 
 17 
 
 80 
 
 33 
 
 80 
 
 33 
 
 120 
 
 33 
 
 160 
 
 IS 
 
 60 
 
 30 
 
 40 
 
 10 
 
 26 
 
 7 
 
 80 
 
 IS 
 
 SO 
 
 18 
 
 43 
 
 .-> 
 
 16 
 
 3 
 
 40 
 
 10 
 
 40 
 
 18 
 
 40 
 
 25 
 
 72 
 
 7 
 
 82 
 
 11 
 
 SO 
 
 30 
 
 124 
 
 3 
 
 72 
 
 7 
 
 SO 
 
 lo 
 
 80 
 
 21 
 
 160 
 
 20 
 
 80 
 
 21 
 
 40 
 
 21 
 
 72 
 
 32 
 
 r. o. .\. 
 
 Maple Plain, 160 
 :Maple Plain, 40 
 Maple Plain, 
 Delano, 
 Maple Plain. 
 Eockford. 
 Maple Plain, 
 ilaple Plain, 151 
 Maple Plain. 40 
 Eockford, 209 
 Eockford, 80 
 Delano, 160 
 
 Maple Plain. 1.52 
 
 80 
 
 80 
 
 60 
 
 120 
 
 170 
 
 Hoisington. Geo. farmer, 
 
 Ilaistad. And. farmer. 
 
 Ilillstrom. .John, farmer, 
 
 Hitsman, W. A. farmer, 
 
 Ingerson, C. W. farmer, 
 
 Jacobs. M. est. 
 
 Johnson, J. C. farmer, 
 
 Jackson. Ilein-y. farmer. 
 
 Joyce. 11. farmer. 
 
 Klars. Joseph, farmer, 
 
 Klapprich. F. farmer, 
 
 Kingsley, D. farmer, 
 
 Lock. John, farmer. 
 
 Lindberg, A. farmer, 
 
 McKee, A. farmer, 
 
 Aliessen. Peter, farmer. 
 
 Manning, W. farmer, 
 
 McGarry, John, farmer. 
 
 Mills, E. M. farmer. 
 
 Moore. N. Mrs. farmer, 
 
 Mills, W. M. farmer, 
 
 ilichaels. D. farmer. 
 
 Moline. J.andN. J. farmers, Jlaple Plain. 160 
 
 Mercer yi. C. physician, ilaple Plain. 
 
 Murry, E. farmer, 
 
 Moore. Samuel, farmer, 
 
 ^McDonald. J. C. farmer, 
 
 Nelson, Ole. farmer, 
 
 Nutz, J. farmer. 
 
 Xelson. Swan, farmer, 
 
 Oleson, Peter, farmer. 
 
 O'Melea. John, farmer. 
 
 0"Leary. C. W. farmer. 
 
 Oleson, A. farmer, 
 
 Peterson. Ole, farmer, 
 
 Peterson. Andrew, farmer. ]\Iap!e Plain, 
 
 Peterson. Albert, farmer. Maple Plain, 
 
 Pagenkoff, J. farmer, 
 
 Pickard Dave, Hotel. 
 
 Eeifenberger. Jno. farmer 
 
 Eyan, J. P. farmer, 
 
 Eahel, Lorentz, farmer, 
 
 Eader, John, farmer, 
 
 Rader. Nancy, farmer. 
 
 Eader, W. farmer, 
 
 Richards, A. mail carrier, Delano, 
 
 Sutherland. Mrs. S. J. farmer. 
 
 Maple Plain, SO 
 Sutherland, AV. II. farmer. Maple Plain, 
 
 Delano, 
 Eockford 
 Maple Plain. 
 ]Maple Plain, 
 Maple Plain, 
 Maple Plain, 
 ilaple Plain. 
 Maple Plain. 120 
 Delano. 20 
 
 Maple Plaui. 280 
 Maple Plain. 50 
 Maple Plain, 80 
 Maple Plain, 120 
 
 Maple Plain, 
 Maple Plain. 
 Maple Plain, 
 Delano, 
 Delano. 
 Maple Plain, 
 Delano, 
 
 20 
 40 
 40 
 57 
 105 
 20 
 40 
 SO 
 40 
 
 Maple Plain, 70 
 Maple I'lain. Vil. 
 Maple Plain, S 
 Maple Plain, 106 
 Maple Plain, 140 
 
 s. 
 
 35 
 
 36 
 
 25 
 
 21 
 
 24 
 
 3 
 
 25 
 
 35 
 
 15 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 1-2 
 
 31 
 
 4 
 
 12 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 22 
 
 25 
 
 27 
 
 32 
 
 36 
 
 Delano, 
 Delano, 
 Delano, 
 
 160 
 
 80 
 
 225 
 
 village 
 
 28 
 11 
 
 36 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 18 
 
 32 
 
 7 
 
 27 
 
 36 
 
 15 
 
 lots 
 
 o 
 
 24 
 22 
 30 
 31 
 31 
 lots. 
 
 10 
 25
 
 TOWNSHIP DIBECTORIES. 
 
 683 
 
 
 p. o. 
 
 A. 
 
 s. 
 
 
 p. G. 
 
 A. 
 
 s. 
 
 Stortroeu, 0. farmer, 
 
 Delano, 
 
 13 
 
 16 
 
 Barenstiener, F. farmer, 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 80 
 
 24 
 
 Soley, Peler, farmer, 
 
 Maple Plain 
 
 160 
 
 21 
 
 Brown, W. farmer. 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 76 
 
 24 
 
 Styner, Joshua, farmer. 
 
 Maple Plain 
 
 107 
 
 22 
 
 Bragdon, A. farmer. 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 79 
 
 17 
 
 Styner, Daniel, farmer, 
 
 Maple Plain 
 
 78 
 
 26 
 
 Butzler, D. farmer. 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 60 
 
 24 
 
 Shrewsbury, Mrs. J. 
 
 Maple Plain 
 
 20 
 
 27 
 
 Berg, Carl, farmer. 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 39 
 
 27 
 
 Stinson, J. R. farmer, 
 
 Maple Plain 
 
 210 
 
 34 
 
 Brinn, Thomas, farmer. 
 
 Corcoran, 
 
 72 
 
 27 
 
 Shrewsbury, F. farmer, 
 
 Maple Plam 
 
 40 
 
 27 
 
 Burke, John, farmer. 
 
 Corcoran, 
 
 80 
 
 28 
 
 Strand, Charles, farmer. 
 
 Delano, 
 
 80 
 
 16 
 
 Blakenborough, J. farmei 
 
 , Corcoran, 
 
 SO 
 
 19 
 
 Settle, R. S. farmer. 
 
 Maple Plain 
 
 34 
 
 16 
 
 Bauers, Casper, tenant. 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 
 11 
 
 Smith, G. W. postmaster, 
 
 Maple Plain, 
 
 viFg 
 
 lots 
 
 Bailey, Wm. tennant, 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 
 10 
 
 Sutherland, M. V. B. farmer, 
 
 
 
 Cook, Jesse, farmer. 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 40 
 
 3 
 
 
 Maple Plain, 
 
 80 
 
 10 
 
 Connover, J. A. farmer. 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 90 
 
 9 
 
 Terwell, George, farmer, 
 
 Delano, 
 
 160 
 
 17 
 
 Caron, 0. farmer, 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 104 
 
 12 
 
 Tautges, A. farmer, 
 
 Rockford, 
 
 80 
 
 12 
 
 Colbiu-n, S. farmer. 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 120 
 
 14 
 
 Tautges, Peter, farmer, 
 
 Rockford, 
 
 80 
 
 11 
 
 Champlin, O. R. farmer. 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 45 
 
 16 
 
 Vannetten, Chas. section 
 
 man, 
 
 
 
 Chapman, Geo. farmer, 
 
 Abel, 
 
 40 
 
 17 
 
 
 Maple Plain, vil'g lots 
 
 Chapman, Wm. farmer. 
 
 Abel, 
 
 20 
 
 18 
 
 Weindenback, A. farmer, 
 
 Rockford, 
 
 120 
 
 3 
 
 Curtis, A. farmer. 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 64 
 
 13 
 
 Wagner, John, Jr. farmer 
 
 Maple Plain, 
 
 80 
 
 11 
 
 Com'tney, J. and 11. farmer, Corcoran, 
 
 160 
 
 29 
 
 Wagner, C. farmer. 
 
 Rockford, 
 
 80 
 
 12 
 
 Cook. Leo. farmer, 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 80 
 
 35 
 
 Washington, Geo. farmer 
 
 Maple Plain, 
 
 80 
 
 15 
 
 Chapman, Jas. farmer. 
 
 Abel, 
 
 34 
 
 16 
 
 Woodard, S. farmer. 
 
 Delano, 
 
 74 
 
 30 
 
 Cook, Jno. farmer. 
 
 Corcoran, 
 
 80 
 
 30 
 
 Wasson, John, farmer. 
 
 Maple Plain, 
 
 40 
 
 36 
 
 Chambeau, farmer. 
 
 Corcoran, 
 
 
 29 
 
 Wagner, John, Sr. farmer 
 
 . Maple Plain, 
 
 80 
 
 
 Dubuque, J. farmer, 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 40 
 
 10 
 
 Williams, John, farmer. 
 
 Maple Grove. 
 
 
 
 Dathagen, II. farmer. 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 10 
 
 17 
 
 MAPLE GROVE. 
 
 
 
 Dolan, B. farmer, 
 Demaes, J. D. farmer, 
 
 Osseo, 
 Corcoran, 
 
 80 
 107 
 
 27 
 
 Aubert, C. Mrs. farmer, 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 161, 
 
 1 
 
 Dennis, John B. farmer. 
 
 Corcoran, 
 
 107 
 
 27 
 
 Angell, A. 0. farmer, 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 223, 
 
 9 
 
 Devery, Jno. farmer, 
 
 Corcoran, 
 
 72 
 
 27 
 
 Abel Harry, farmer. 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 80 
 
 17 
 
 Devery, K. farmer, 
 
 Corcoran, 
 
 65 
 
 28 
 
 Andus, Wm. farmer. 
 
 Corcoran, 
 
 72 
 
 30 
 
 Devery, P. farmer. 
 
 Corcoran, 
 
 150 
 
 33 
 
 Aubert, Thomas, farmer. 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 40 
 
 12 
 
 Darmody, P. farmer. 
 
 Corcoran, 
 
 120 
 
 31 
 
 Aubert, John, fanner, 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 
 1 
 
 Devery, M. farmer. 
 
 Corcoran, 
 
 80 
 
 33 
 
 Aubert, Nicholas, farmer. 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 
 1 
 
 Devery, Peter, farmer. 
 
 Corcoran, 
 
 101 
 
 33 
 
 Abar, Peter, farmer. 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 26 
 
 15 
 
 Ebert, Fredrick, farmer. 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 
 2 
 
 Briggs, J. H. farmer. 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 83 
 
 4 
 
 Evans, W. E. farmer. 
 
 Maple Grove 
 
 ,160 
 
 4 
 
 Bonn F. farmer. 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 40 
 
 5 
 
 Eddy, J. M. farmer. 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 80 
 
 4 
 
 Bonn, Christian, farmer. 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 113 
 
 7 
 
 Engalls, Wm. farmer. 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 160 
 
 12 
 
 Brenduig, H. blacksmith, 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 20 
 
 9 
 
 Evans, Walter, farmer. 
 
 Maple Grove 
 
 , 10 
 
 5 
 
 Bonn, Daniel, farmer. 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 80 
 
 8 
 
 Fisher, John, farmer. 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 53 
 
 22 
 
 Banker, A. M. farmer, 
 
 Maple Grove, 
 
 80 
 
 9 
 
 Funk, M. mason, 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 
 12 
 
 Banker, R. T. farmer. 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 80 
 
 4 
 
 Garvais, Pierre, farmer.. 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 140 
 
 12 
 
 Bermer, N. farmer. 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 80 
 
 11 
 
 Cielle, August, farmer, 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 95 
 
 21 
 
 Beiderman, F. farmer. 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 40 
 
 14 
 
 Gebert, John, farmer, 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 152 
 
 27 
 
 Bragdon, A. farmer. 
 
 Abel, 
 
 80 
 
 17 
 
 Gleason, C. farmer. 
 
 C(u-coran, 
 
 232 
 
 31 
 
 Brooks, Wm. M. farmer. 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 80 
 
 18 
 
 Ilamen, Lewis, farmer. 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 96 
 
 1 
 
 Beier, Julius, farmer. 
 
 Corcoran, 
 
 1.52 
 
 19 
 
 Hawkins, S. S. traveling 
 
 
 
 
 Blasi, M. farmer. 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 40 
 
 O 
 
 man and farmer 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 120 
 
 3 
 
 Beier, August, farmer. 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 80 
 
 19 
 
 Heartfleld, F. farmer, 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 80 
 
 14
 
 684 
 
 HISTOBT OF 
 
 HE 
 
 
 p. o. 
 
 A. 
 
 s. 
 
 Harder, C. farmer, 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 40 
 
 14 
 
 Hillier, D. farmer. 
 
 Abel, 
 
 152 
 
 19 
 
 Hillier, F. G. farmer, 
 
 Abel, 
 
 12(3 
 
 20 
 
 Hennessey, T. farmer. 
 
 Corcoran, 
 
 60 
 
 29 
 
 Hennessey, J. farmer. 
 
 Corcoran, 
 
 70 
 
 30 
 
 Howard, T. farmer, 
 
 Corcoran, 
 
 SO 
 
 30 
 
 HofE, M. farmer. 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 80 
 
 8 
 
 Hennessey, F. farmer. 
 
 Corcoran, 
 
 100 
 
 29 
 
 Jaeomet, J. B. farmer. 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 160 
 
 11 
 
 Jobs, George, farmer. 
 
 Abel, 
 
 40 
 
 17 
 
 Johnson, C. farmer. 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 80 
 
 26 
 
 Josliii, AV. farmer. 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 20 
 
 10 
 
 Jarvis, W. P., farmer. 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 140 
 
 12 
 
 Koehler, G. C, farmer, 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 31 
 
 7 
 
 Kottke, G., farmer. 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 80 
 
 9 
 
 Krienke, D. F., farmer. 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 106 
 
 9 
 
 Kubler, C, farmer, 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 40 
 
 23 
 
 Kisch, N., farmer. 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 65 
 
 12 
 
 Kieffer, Pliillip. farmer. 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 160 
 
 12 
 
 Keding, F. farmer. 
 
 Corcoran, 
 
 76 
 
 18 
 
 Kroger, H. farmer. 
 
 Abel, 
 
 102 
 
 18 
 
 Keding. C. farmer. 
 
 Abel, 
 
 140 
 
 19 
 
 Kapo, Henry, farmer. 
 
 Corcoran, 
 
 40 
 
 19 
 
 Kirchoff, F. farmer, 
 
 Osseo, . 
 
 109 
 
 21 
 
 Kimmerle, W. farmer. 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 SO 
 
 23 
 
 Kriisson, H. farmer. 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 80 
 
 27 
 
 Krebs, August, fanner. 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 80 
 
 28 
 
 Kelly Patrick, farmer, 
 
 Corcoran, 
 
 123 
 
 30 
 
 Kelleher, M. farmer, 
 
 Corcoran, 
 
 83 
 
 32 
 
 Kellelier, James, farmer. 
 
 Corcoran, 
 
 77 
 
 32 
 
 Kenny, Peter, farmer. 
 
 Corcoran, 
 
 SO 
 
 34 
 
 Krusson, John, farmer. 
 
 Corcoran, 
 
 80 
 
 34 
 
 Kreming Win. farmer, 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 80 
 
 14 
 
 Latlin, B. F. farmer, 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 160 
 
 5 
 
 Lange, Chris, farmer; 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 280 
 
 7-8 
 
 Laflin, Q. A. farmer. 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 80 
 
 9 
 
 Lettens, C. farmer. 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 80 
 
 15 
 
 Leonard, Charles, farmer. 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 50 
 
 34 
 
 Leonard, Jeremiah, farmer, Osseo, 
 
 110 
 
 34 
 
 Laflin. G. A. farmer. 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 100 
 
 10 
 
 Morrill. E. farmer, 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 60 
 
 4 
 
 :Morrill, J. W. farmer, 
 
 Maple Grove 
 
 , 50 
 
 23 
 
 Miller, Mrs. Fred, farmer. 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 160 
 
 6 
 
 Miller, Lewis, farmer. 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 — 
 
 6 
 
 Merchand, David, farmer. 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 135 
 
 11 
 
 Morehouse, Levi, farmer, 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 82 
 
 18 
 
 Mendenhall, J. farmer. 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 151 
 
 18 
 
 McConnell, J. farmer. 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 98 
 
 oo 
 
 McCormick, J. farmer, 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 28 
 
 oo 
 
 HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 Munn, Robert, farmer, 
 ^McCabe, Michael, farmer, 
 Mitchell, J. II. farmer, 
 Marks, Samuel, farmer, 
 Myer, M. tenant, 
 Northrup, Frank, farmer, 
 Ottenbriglit, J. farmer, 
 Ohrmundt, O. farmer, 
 Opitz, jSIrs. Xancy, farmer, 
 Pomeroy, J. E. farmer, 
 Pavitt, ^y. H. farmer, 
 Povet, AV. C. farmer, 
 Peters, John, farmer. 
 Peters, Edward, farmer, 
 Pauly, Fred, farmer, 
 Phelps, S. farmer. 
 Punt, Henry, blacksmith, 
 Radinz, F., farmer, 
 Reitz. G.. farmer. 
 Rode, William, farmer, 
 Roelke, E., farmer, 
 Robert, Henry, farmer, 
 Robert. A., farmer, 
 Russell, Alfred, farmer, 
 Ray, Henry, farmer, 
 Schmidt, W., farmer, 
 Saussele, Carl, farmer. 
 Schober, J. C, blacksmith 
 
 and farmer, 
 Sclnieider. Chris, farmer, 
 Schulz, J. M'.. farmer, 
 Swappach, IL, farmer, 
 Schutte, F. H. farmer, 
 Schutte, E, farmer, 
 Shadewalde, W., farmer, 
 Shaefer, Geo., farmer, 
 Schultz, Wm., farmer, 
 Seibert, Conrad, farmer, 
 Schwartz, AV., farmer, 
 Schaber, Val, farmer. 
 Smith, Adam, tenant, 
 Stelter, G., farmer, 
 Stergeon, P., farmer, 
 Tschudi, Jno. fai'mer, 
 Thonia, G. M. farmer, 
 Trott, WUUam, farmer, 
 Thompson. S. farmer, 
 Tonn, C. A. farmer. 
 
 p. 0. 
 
 A. 
 
 s. 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 140 
 
 99 
 
 Corcoran. 
 
 120 
 
 33 
 
 JSIaple Grove 
 
 ,100 
 
 4 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 40 
 
 10 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 
 28 
 
 Corcoran, 
 
 40 
 
 34 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 40 
 
 13 
 
 Abel, 
 
 40 
 
 17 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 97 
 
 9 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 40 
 
 16 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 50 
 
 16 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 64 
 
 13 
 
 Corcoran, 
 
 160 
 
 31 
 
 Corcoran, 
 
 
 31 
 
 Corcoran, 
 
 160 
 
 34 
 
 Corcoran, 
 
 81 
 
 30 
 
 Maple Grove 
 
 , 2-t 
 
 4 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 160 
 
 5 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 50 
 
 15 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 70 
 
 15 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 40 
 
 20 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 45 
 
 10 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 
 10 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 
 36 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 
 36 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 40 
 
 1 
 
 Maple Grove 
 
 ,155 
 
 5 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 60 
 
 7 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 120 
 
 18 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 59 
 
 13 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 60 
 
 14 
 
 Abel, 
 
 60 
 
 17 
 
 Abel, 
 
 50 
 
 18 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 40 
 
 20 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 160 
 
 21 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 114 
 
 21 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 89 
 
 26 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 160 
 
 35 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 152 
 
 35 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 
 20 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 18 
 
 7 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 120 
 
 1 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 107 
 
 o 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 87 
 
 8 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 115 
 
 10 
 
 Abel, 
 
 ■91 
 
 17 
 
 Osseo, 
 
 80 
 
 21
 
 TOWNSHIP BIBECTORIES. 
 
 685 
 
 p. O. A. S. 
 
 Tiiseth, J. J. farmer, Osseo, 90 24 
 
 Thompson, J. J. farmer, Osseo, 128 25 
 
 Woodworth, E. P. farmer, Osseo, 103 3 
 
 Wagner, Frantz, farmer, Osseo, 13 7 
 
 Welzel, 11. farmer, Osseo, 60 9 
 
 Wilmes, Peter, farmer, Osseo, 
 
 "Wagner, A. farmer, Osseo, 
 Williamson, Mrs. S. farmer, Osseo, 
 
 Wentz, Peter, farmer, Osseo, 
 
 Zopfi, John, Jr. farmer, Osseo, 
 
 Zopfi, B. farmer, Osseo, 
 
 Zoerb, C. farmer, Osseo, 
 
 Ziebarth, Chas. farmer, Osseo, 
 
 280 13 
 
 102 6 
 40 15 
 
 IGO 25 
 
 150 2 
 
 200 2 
 
 46 7 
 
 103 15 
 
 79 
 
 120 
 
 68 
 
 MEDINA. 
 
 Arens. Franz, farmer, Lenz, 
 
 Archibald, Wm. farmer, Long Lake, 
 Anderson, S. farmer. Long Lake, 
 
 Archibald, W. H. blacksmith, 
 
 Long Lake, 
 Archibald, D. farmer, Long Lake, 
 
 Archibald, II. farmer, Long Lake, 
 
 Archibald, S. farmer. Long Lake, 
 
 Alley, George, miller, Long Lake, 
 
 Bnrehfleld, C. W. farmer, Lenz, 320 
 
 Becker, A. M. farmer. Maple Plain, 120 
 
 Bm-chfield, A. manf 'r of portable forges, 
 
 Lenz, 
 Biladeau, Peter, farmer, Lenz, 80 
 
 Bolduc, B. blacksmith, Lenz, 
 Buttz, F. P. farmer, Lenz, 80 
 
 Boucher, P. clergyman, Lenz, 
 Braden, Wm. mill-wright, Long Lake, 
 Bantley, M. farmer. Long Lake, 120 
 
 Barbeau, G. farmer, Lenz, 80 
 
 Barkow, Charles, farmer. Maple Plain, 216 
 Bill, A. P. farmer. Maple Plain, 46 
 
 Bryer, J. farmer. Long Lake, 80 
 
 Bennett, S. farmer. Long Lake, 40 
 
 Blacketer, W. farmer. Maple Plain, 120 
 
 Brown, A. farmer. Long Lake, 40 
 
 Berens, P. farmer, Long Lake, 80 
 
 Brown, O. B. farmer. Long Lake, 79 
 
 Bayer, J. D. carpenter. Long Lake, 2 
 Bailey, A. 0. justice. Long Lake, 
 
 Bannor, E. miller, Long Lake, 
 
 Bruichveiler, A. nurseryman. 
 
 Long Lake, 10 
 Barnes, E. S. farmer, Long Lake, 334 
 
 34 
 27 
 27 
 27 
 84 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 2 
 11 
 12 
 12 
 12 
 34 
 15 
 
 6 
 17 
 19 
 22 
 33 
 
 34 
 22 
 
 2 
 
 34 
 34 
 34 
 
 4 
 10 
 
 p. o. 
 Maple Plain, 
 Lenz, 
 
 Long Lake, 
 Lenz, 
 Lenz, 
 Lenz, 
 Lenz, 
 
 Long Lake, 
 Long Lake, 
 Long Lake, 
 
 A. 
 
 120 
 
 80 
 120 
 210 
 160 
 
 97 
 173 
 207 
 
 Becker, P. farmer, 
 Collins D. farmer, 
 Coleman, J. wheat buyer, 
 Collins, C. farmer, 
 Collins, J. farmer, 
 Classen, N. farmer, 
 Crowe, M. farmer, 
 Cox, V. farmer, 
 Christlieb, I. A. farmer, 
 Classen, J. farmer, 
 Campbell, L. K. school teacher, Minneapolis. 
 
 Crowe, Jas. farmer, Lenz, 240 
 
 Christleib, B. F. merchant. Long Lake, 
 
 Carr, A. farmer. Long Lake, 
 
 Carl, A. farmer. Long Lake, 30 
 
 Carr, Wm. farmer. Long Lake, 40 
 
 Deisting, Chris, farmer, Lenz, 160 
 
 Deslorier, P. farmer, Lenz, 80 
 
 Daniels, D. farmer, Lenz, 80 
 
 Daziel, F. farmer, Lenz, 65 
 
 Domning, E. farmer. Long Lake, 100 
 
 Dillman, J. D. farmer. Long Lake, 160 
 Ditler, F. farmer and saloon, Lenz, 25 
 
 Dickey, Alex, meat market. Long Lake, 
 
 Dickey and Logan " Long Lake, 
 
 Dicky. K. B, deputy sheriff. Long Lake, 
 
 Engel Jacob, farmer. Maple Plain, ISO 
 
 Ekstrom, Carl, farmer, Long Lake, 160 
 
 Fane, John, farmer, Lenz, 160 
 
 Pick, John, farmer, Lenz, 80 
 
 Feltes, B. farmer, Maple Plain, 150 
 
 Fane, Henry, farmer, Lenz, 280 
 
 Fortin, P. farmer, Lenz, 127 
 
 Faue, Lewis, farmer, Lenz, 80 
 
 Franzen, N. farmer, Lenz, 120 
 
 Fries, Charles, farmer, Lenz, 80 
 
 Fries, F. farmer Maple Plain, 38 
 
 Fogelsonger, S. farmer. Long Lake, 77 
 
 French, A. T. farmer. Long Lake, 110 
 
 Gasper, A. farmer, Lenz, 51 
 
 Gerber, J. II. farmer, Lenz, 160 
 
 Gordon, C. W. farmer. Long Lake, 80 
 
 Guise, W. P. farmer, Long Lake, 87 
 
 Grifflng, H. B. farmer. Long Lake, 123 
 
 Grave, A. farmer. Long Lake, 100 
 
 Gasper, B. farmer, Lenz, 210 
 
 (iaspar, W. F. blacksmith, Lenz, 
 
 Ilerron, M. O. farmer, Lenz, 143 
 
 Ilillman, A. C. miller. Long Lake, 
 
 s. 
 
 6 
 
 3 
 
 34 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 16 
 
 13 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 
 31 
 
 14 
 34 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 8 
 
 10 
 
 35 
 
 21 
 
 24 
 
 34 
 
 34 
 
 34 
 
 17 
 
 6 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 10 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 19 
 
 26 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 14 
 
 32 
 
 34 
 
 36 
 
 32 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 3 
 
 34
 
 686 
 
 niSTOBY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 Hamisch, F. L. fanner. 
 Hoagland, L. K. miller. 
 Haruel. "W. farmer. 
 Hiiard, T. farmer, 
 Hoffman, T. farmer. 
 Hamel, J. O. merchant, 
 Hamisch, A. farmer, 
 Hannen. John, farmer. 
 Hausmann, ^I. farmer, 
 Hoskins, M. B. fanner. 
 Hawkins. B. farmer, 
 Hoagland. Fred, farmer, 
 Hoagland, C. W. clerk, 
 Hnntsberger, M. wagon-maker, 
 
 Long Lake, 
 Hnntsberger, Jacob, wagon-maker. 
 
 Long Lake, 
 Hnntsberger, D. carpenter, Long Lake, 
 Hureh. Jacob, farmer. Long Lake, 
 
 Hartman, Jacob, farmer, Long Lake, 
 HelUer, J. carpenter. 
 Haines, B. C. farmer, 
 Hellier, Thomas, farmer, 
 
 . 6. 
 
 A. 
 
 s. 
 
 ilaple Plain, 
 
 80 
 
 18 
 
 Long Lake, 
 
 
 34 
 
 Lenz, 
 
 280 
 
 12 
 
 Lenz, 
 
 80 
 
 2 
 
 Lenz. 
 
 60 
 
 12 
 
 Lenz, 
 
 4 
 
 12 
 
 Maple Plain, 
 
 140 
 
 18 
 
 Long Lake, 
 
 111 
 
 20 
 
 I^euz, 
 
 88 
 
 24 
 
 Long Lake, 
 
 90 
 
 3 
 
 Long Lake, 
 
 120 
 
 28 
 
 Long Lake. 
 
 
 
 Long Lake. 
 
 
 
 140 34 
 
 Long Lake, 
 Maple Plain, 
 Long Lake, 
 
 Hoagland, Wm. meat market, Wayzata. 
 
 Ice. Charles, farmer. Long Lake, 
 
 Johnson, James, farmer. Long Lake, 
 
 Johnson, Charles, saloon, Long Lake, 
 
 Klein. Phillip, farmer, Lenz, 
 
 Kauth. Jacob, farmer, Lenz, 
 
 Kadelbaiigh, G. farmer, Lenz, 
 
 Knable, P. farmer, Minneapolis, 
 
 Kassube, Karl, farmer, Lenz. 
 
 Roller, John, farmer, Long Lake, 
 
 Kassube, W. C. farmer. Long Lake. 
 
 Kliick, Charles, farmer. Lenz, 
 
 Kramer. John, farmer. Maple Plain, 
 
 Lerch, Joseph, farmer, ^Maple Plain, 
 
 Lerch, PhilUp, farmer, Maple Plain, 
 
 Lament, A. farmer, Lenz, 
 
 Laurent, John, farmer, Lenz, 
 
 Lenzen. L. farmer. Lenz, 
 
 Leuer. Karl, farmer, Lenz, 
 
 Lenzen, Joseph, farmer, Lenz, 
 
 Luby, J. farmer. Long Lake, 
 
 Luby, M. farmer, Long Lake, 
 
 Lydiard, S. farmer, Long Lake. 
 
 Lydiard, J. II. merchant. Long Lake, 
 
 Lindner.P.G. grape grower, Long Lake, 
 
 Leuer, Henry, farmer, Lenz; 
 
 44 
 80 
 130 
 185 
 105 
 54 
 135 
 
 100 
 103 
 
 110 
 263 
 
 80 
 
 120 
 
 220 
 
 76 
 
 80 
 
 124 
 
 120 
 
 200 
 40 
 
 100 
 80 
 
 202 
 80 
 75 
 
 120 
 40 
 16 
 
 160 
 
 32 
 32 
 34 
 33 
 
 36 ! 
 8 
 4 
 
 34 
 
 5 
 
 o 
 
 8 
 12 
 13 
 25 
 26 
 
 1 
 19 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 24 
 25 
 25 
 34 
 34 
 16 
 24 1 
 
 P. O. 
 Lydiard. D. A. merchant, Long Lake 
 Logan, R. meat market. Long Lake, 
 Loranger, A. E. physician and surgeon, 
 
 Lenz, 
 Moylan, John, farmer, 
 Meurer, J. P. farmer, 
 Morin, Peter, farmer, 
 !Maxson. B. farmer. 
 MiUer, M. farmer, 
 Merz, Joseph, fanner. 
 Merz, A. farmer, 
 Merz, J. farmer, 
 Mooney, James, farmer. 
 Markey, John, farmer, 
 Merz. K. Mrs. farmer 
 McCiUlough, Geo. farmer, 
 Mangen, ^l. farmer, 
 Maxwell. G. farmer, 
 McCormick, G. farmer. 
 Maxwell, M. farmer, 
 Miller, Peter, farmer. 
 Miller. X. farmer. 
 Miller, E. farmer, 
 Mayers, A. J. groceries and liquors. 
 
 Long Lake, 
 McCormick, J. farmer, 
 Mather, H. farmer, 
 Mayr, P. Cath. priest, 
 Xeddermeyer, A. farmer, 
 O'Herron, M. farmer, 
 Pouliot, R. farmer, 
 Parrlsh, P. farmer, 
 Picket, H. G. station agent. Long Lake, 
 Peterson, Edward, farmer. Maple Plain. 
 Peterson, Albert, farmer, Maple Plain. 
 PaiTish, C. F. cooper, Long Lake, 
 
 Pohlker, H. farmer, Lenz, 
 
 Reynolds, A. farmer. Long Lake, 
 
 Reynolds, Samuel, farmer. Long Lake. 
 Roy, F. wagon maker, Lenz, 
 Rancour, E. farmer, Lenz, 
 
 Reller, C. J. brick mason, Long Lake, 
 Rosander. A. J. farmer, 
 Reishoff, Mary, farmer, 
 Roy, A. farmer. 
 Reiser, J. B. farmer, 
 Reiser, Geo. Sr. farmer. 
 Reiser. George A. farmer. 
 Rouillard, P. farmer, 
 
 A. s. 
 
 200 34 
 
 34 
 
 Lenz, 
 Lenz, 
 Lenz. 
 Lenz, 
 
 Long Lake, 
 Long Lake, 
 Long Lake. 
 Long Lake, 
 Long Lake, 
 Long Lake, 
 Long Lake, 
 Maple Plain, 
 Long Lake, 
 Long Lake, 
 Long Lake, 
 Long Lake, 
 Long Lake, 
 Long Lake, 
 Long Lake, 
 
 Long Lake, 
 Long Lake, 
 Lenz. 
 
 Long Lake, 
 Lenz, 
 Lenz, 
 Long Lake, 
 
 146 
 144 
 
 247 
 40 
 
 2 
 30 
 
 12 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 165 10 
 
 17 
 21 
 
 80 15 
 
 23 
 
 240 23 
 
 122 25 
 
 85 25 
 
 80 26 
 
 40 31 
 
 118 29 
 
 26 4 
 
 20 
 
 24 6 
 
 240 20 
 
 120 21 
 
 240 21 
 
 34 
 
 34 
 
 5 
 
 23 
 
 80 28 
 
 144 3 
 
 142 11 
 
 47 35 
 
 34 
 
 40 6 
 
 40 6 
 
 35 
 
 100 24 
 
 10 
 80 
 
 Long Lake, 
 Lenz, 
 Lenz, 
 
 Long Lake, 
 Long Lake, 
 Long Lake, 
 Lenz. 
 
 3 
 3 
 
 12 
 
 6 
 
 34 
 
 3i 
 
 160 9 
 
 33 12 
 
 80 22 
 
 200 23 
 
 40 26 
 
 80 11
 
 TOWNSHIP DIBECIOBIBS. 
 
 687 
 
 A. S. 
 
 40 23 
 
 40 5 
 
 34 
 
 34 
 
 34 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 32 
 
 20 
 110 
 
 100 
 ]00 
 
 149 
 
 P. o. 
 Reiser, A. K. farmer. Long Lake, 
 
 Beimer, Charles, farmer, Lenz, 
 Rutherford, Thos. farmer, Long Lake, 
 Sheppard, >I. II. physician. Long Lake, 
 Snow, E. M. hotel keeper. Long Lake, 
 Stafford, A. S. farmer. Long Lake, 
 Stafford, J. D. farmer. Long Lake, 
 Stubbs-, Henry, farmer. Long Lake, 
 Stubbs, C. II. farmer. Long Lake, 9 32 
 
 Storer, A. engineer, Long Lake, 34 
 
 Schlosser, J. farmer, Lenz, 
 
 Schulz, Chas. farmer, Lenz, 
 
 Smith, M. M. miller. Long Lake, 
 
 Schmitz, P. farmer, Lenz, 
 
 Snow, Chas. miller. Long Lake, 
 
 Shumaker, H. farmer, Lenz, 
 
 Shackweiller, B. H. farmer, Lenz. 
 Schaar, A. farmer, Lenz, 
 
 Schaar, Jos. farmer, Lenz, 
 
 Stark, C. F. farmer, Lenz, 
 
 Schwalen, J. farmer, Lenz, 
 
 Spurzem, J. farmer, Lenz, 
 
 Spaftord, W. A. farmer. Long Lake, 
 Sherer, A. farmer. Long Lake, 
 
 Slierer, Adam, farmer. Long Lake, 
 
 Stumpf, Leo. farmer, I.,ong Lake, 
 
 Schummer, P. farmer, Lenz, 
 
 Streibel, P. farmer. Long Lake, 
 
 Stanclifield, M. farmer. Long Lake, 
 Smith, W. E. farmer. Long Lake. 
 
 Smitli, E. B. farmer. Long Lake, 
 
 Schumaker, P. farmer. I^enz, 
 Spafford, Mrs. L. farmer. Long Lake, 
 Snoke, M. farmer. Long Lake, 
 
 ■ Snoke, D. F. veterinary surgeon. 
 
 Long Lake, 
 Stubbs, M. A. farmer, Long Lake, 59 
 
 Stafford, J. D. farmer. Long Lake, 20 
 Stromberg, John, farmer, Long Lake, 40 
 Smith, JSI. and ('. farmers. Long Lake, 40 
 Stubbs, N. J. farmer, Long Lake, 90 10 
 
 Shuck, A. AV. pliysieian and surgeon, 
 
 Ijong Lake, 34 
 
 Schmitz, J. P. farmer, Long Lake, 34 
 
 Tautges, Jolm, farmer, Lenz, 80 }0 
 
 Thibedeau, P. farmer, Lenz, 15 10 
 
 Thibedeau, A. farmer, Lenz, 18 11 
 
 Twist, J. D. farmer. Long Lalce, 80 33 
 
 Ten Eycke, E. farmer. Long Lake, 24 36 
 
 5 
 
 1 
 
 34 
 
 5 
 
 34 
 
 6 
 
 80 8 
 
 80 16 
 
 40 16 
 
 160 15 
 
 160 15 
 
 87 17 
 
 164 20 
 
 160 32 
 
 80 22 
 
 280 23 
 
 60 24 
 
 144 25 
 
 53 32 
 
 40 33 
 
 100 34 
 
 6 
 
 10 4 
 
 10 4 
 
 34 
 4 
 4 
 5 
 
 9 
 
 P. O. 
 
 Talbot, Thos. farmer. Long Lake, 
 
 Teas, G. farmer. Long Ijake, 
 
 Turnliam, J. farmer. Long Lake, 
 
 Theis, John, farmer. Long Lake, 
 
 Twombley, Chas. miller. Long Lake, 
 
 Vanderwarker, J. farmer. Maple Plain, 
 
 Wietzius, M. farmer. Maple Plain, 
 
 Winterhalter, L. farmer, Lenz, 
 
 Wagner, John, farmer. Lenz, 
 
 Weyer, C. farmer, Lenz, 
 
 Wolsfield, N. farmer. Long Lake, 
 
 Wolslield, John, farmer. Long Lake, 
 
 Wolsfield, Chas. farmer. Long Lake, 
 
 Wliite Bros, farmers. Long Lake, 
 
 Wakefield, W. farmer. Long Lake, 
 
 Wamboldt, A. W. foreman cooper shop. 
 
 Long Lake, 
 
 White, W. G. farmer. Long Lake, 
 
 Wliite, I^'athan, farmer. Long Lake, 
 
 Walsli, E. F. farmer. Long Lake, 
 
 Wakefield, Wm. farmer. Long Lake, 
 
 Wooster, S. J. physician. Long Lake, 
 
 White, Moses, farmer. Long Lake, 
 
 Wolilstrom, A. miller, Minneapolis, 
 
 York, T. L. farmer. Long Lake, 
 
 MINNETKISTA. 
 
 Austin, C. farmer. Maple Plain, 
 
 Arnold, A. farmer. Mound City, 
 
 Auer, Simon, farmer, St. Bonifacius, 
 
 Alderman, A. S. gardner. Mound City, 
 
 Anthony, C. carpenter. Mound City, 
 
 Baillie, J. C. farmer. Maple Plain, 
 
 Ball, Richard, miller. 
 
 Black, Daniel, farmer 
 
 Ball, Andrew, farmer 
 
 Bartlett, S. J. farmer, 
 
 Berberick, F. farm'er, 
 
 Brulin, Charles, farmer, St. Bonifacius, 
 
 Ball, Charles, fanner, Minnetrista, 
 
 Beise, E. farmer, 
 
 Blatz, B. farmer, 
 
 Beise, F. farmer. 
 
 Brewer, C. farmer, 
 
 Clark, A.W. blacksmith, Minnetrista, 
 
 Carman, F. M. farmer. Mound City, 
 
 Chapman, S. M. hotel and farmer. 
 
 Mound City, 
 
 A. 
 
 130 
 40 
 76 
 
 200 
 
 80 
 
 80 
 
 80 
 
 125 
 
 200 
 
 99 
 
 160 
 
 300 
 
 110 
 
 160 
 
 50 
 
 60 
 
 162 
 
 80 
 
 50 
 
 80 
 
 40 
 
 Minnetrista, 
 Minnetrista, 
 St. Bonifacius, 
 ]Mound City, 
 St. Bonifacius, 
 
 St. Bonifacius. 
 St. Bonifacius, 
 St. Bonifacius, 
 Minnetrista, 
 
 21 
 
 34 
 
 19 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 20 
 
 22 
 
 27 
 
 27 
 
 36 
 
 34 
 32 
 32 
 2 
 28 
 34 
 32 
 34 
 35 
 
 1 
 
 80 10 
 
 80 28 
 
 6 23 
 
 1 23 
 
 SO 
 
 160 
 
 90 
 
 160 20 
 
 48 24 
 
 75 30 
 
 120 32 
 9 
 
 80 34 
 
 80 33 
 
 80 33 
 
 40 8 
 
 70 9 
 
 20 23 
 
 10 24
 
 688 
 
 HISTOEY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 
 p. o. 
 
 A. 
 
 s. 
 
 
 p. o. 
 
 A. 
 
 s. 
 
 Cook, M. S. hotel and f; 
 
 u-ming. 
 
 
 
 Merriman, "W. farmer. 
 
 Mimietrista, 
 
 76 
 
 6 
 
 
 Mound City, 
 
 91 
 
 24 
 
 McCullough, F. farmer. 
 
 Maple Plain. 
 
 79 
 
 12 
 
 Cramer. Alois, farming. 
 
 St. Bonifacius, 
 
 160 
 
 28 
 
 Muhs. John, farmer. 
 
 St. Bonifacius, 
 
 40 
 
 18 
 
 Carlisle, II. C. merchant 
 
 . ilound City, 
 
 
 23 
 
 Maesz, J. farmer. 
 
 St. Bonifacius, 
 
 100 
 
 21 
 
 Chapman, S. A. farmer 
 
 Mound City, 
 
 77 
 
 23 
 
 Moore, C. S. typo. 
 
 Minneapolis. 
 
 2 
 
 24 
 
 Dwinells, C. C. farmer. 
 
 Maple Plain, 
 
 .51 
 
 3 
 
 Maass. W. farmer. 
 
 St. Bonifacius, 
 
 60 
 
 28 
 
 Dressel, R. farmer. 
 
 Mumetrista. 
 
 no 
 
 7 
 
 Maass, Frederick, far. 
 
 St. Bonifacius, 
 
 80 
 
 31 
 
 Dressel, N. farmer, 
 
 St. Bonifacius, 
 
 40 
 
 17 
 
 Maesz, John, farmer. 
 
 St. Bonifacius, 
 
 155 
 
 32 
 
 Dill, Jacob, farmer. 
 
 St. Bonifacius, 
 
 82 
 
 29 
 
 Maass, John, farmer. 
 
 St. Bonifacius, 
 
 74 
 
 33 
 
 Erickson, J. fanner. 
 
 Maple Plain, 
 
 80 
 
 1 
 
 Maass, Albert, farmer. 
 
 St. Bonifacius, 
 
 70 
 
 34 
 
 Erlckson, A. farmer. 
 
 Maple Plain, 
 
 120 
 
 1 
 
 Jilerriman. S. L. farmer 
 
 , ^linnetrista. 
 
 97 
 
 6 
 
 Ebert, A. farmer, 
 
 St. Bonifacius, 
 
 200 
 
 19 
 
 Merriman, Hyra.far. 
 
 Minnetrista, 
 
 132 
 
 6 
 
 Feieroecker, George, 
 
 St. Bonifacius, 
 
 SO 
 
 8 
 
 Miller, Andrew, laborer 
 
 , Mound City, 
 
 2} 24 
 
 Fisher, H. F. farmer. 
 
 St. Bonifacius, 
 
 80 
 
 17 
 
 Nagel. Wm.. farmer. 
 
 St. Bonifacius, 
 
 80 
 
 32 
 
 Forner, Joseph, farmer, 
 
 St. Bonifacius, 
 
 150 
 
 19 
 
 Orth. Martin, farmer. 
 
 Maple Plain, 
 
 81 
 
 2 
 
 Ganz, G. saddler and farmer, 
 
 
 
 Ohde, Bernard, farmer 
 
 St. Bonifacius, 
 
 60 
 
 28 
 
 
 St. Bonifacius, 
 
 60 
 
 33 
 
 Obert, Henry, farmer, 
 
 Minnetrista, 
 
 80 
 
 10 
 
 Huff, J. M. farmer. 
 
 Mound City, 
 
 56 
 
 11 
 
 Peterson, John, farmer 
 
 Maple Plain, 
 
 80 
 
 1 
 
 Hoefert, F. farmer. 
 
 Mound Cit>-, 
 
 42 
 
 14 
 
 Painter, D. J. farmer. 
 
 Maple Plain, 
 
 20 
 
 2 
 
 Heitz, Jacob, farmer. 
 
 St. Bonifacius, 
 
 75 
 
 20 
 
 Painter, Geo. farmer. 
 
 Mapple Plain 
 
 99 
 
 2 
 
 Herbes, C. farmer, 
 
 St. Bonifacius, 
 
 98 
 
 20 
 
 Peterson. Aaron, farmei 
 
 , Minnetristra, 
 
 79 
 
 4 
 
 Ilirscliberger. J. farmer 
 
 St. Bonifacius. 
 
 160 
 
 29 
 
 Parker. David, farmer. 
 
 Mound City. 
 
 79 
 
 13 
 
 Ilamviller. J. farmer. 
 
 "St. Bonifacius, 
 
 160 
 
 31 
 
 Pauli, John, farmer. 
 
 St. Bonifacius, 
 
 80 
 
 29 
 
 Huff, C. W. farmer. 
 
 Mound City, 
 
 50 
 
 11 
 
 Peters, George, farmer. 
 
 Minnetrista, 
 
 10 
 
 7 
 
 Ingerson, W. F. survejor and farmer, 
 
 
 
 Parker. 'Wm. farmer, 
 
 Minnetrista. 
 
 42 
 
 8 
 
 
 Maple Plain, 
 
 160 
 
 3 
 
 Painter, Wm. farmer. 
 
 Maple Plain, 
 
 60 
 
 3 
 
 Ingerson, A. farmer 
 
 Maple Plain, 
 
 157 
 
 12 
 
 Eupp, J. A. teacher, 
 
 St. Bonifacius, 
 
 60 
 
 21 
 
 Jennings, F. A. farmer 
 
 Mound City, 
 
 76 
 
 12 
 
 Relibein. Henry, farmer 
 
 . St. Bonifacius, 
 
 60 
 
 28 
 
 Jennings, J. G. farmer, 
 
 Mound City, 
 
 40 
 
 14 
 
 Kobben, Jacob, farmer 
 
 St. Bonifacius, 
 
 80 
 
 31 
 
 Johnson, farmer. 
 
 Minnetrista, 
 
 86 
 
 5 
 
 Rhode, Chas. Sr. farmer, St. Bonifacius, 
 
 145 
 
 20 
 
 Kennedy. W. II. II. " 
 
 Maple Plain, 
 
 10 
 
 o 
 
 Ripmer. Eliza J., and Wm. farmers. 
 
 
 
 Kinke, M. farmer. 
 
 Maple Plain.160 
 
 3 
 
 
 Maple Plain, 
 
 190 
 
 2 
 
 Komfleld. S. farmer, 
 
 St. Bonifa''ius, 
 
 53 
 
 17 
 
 Slow, Geo. farmer. 
 
 Mound City, 
 
 139 
 
 11 
 
 Klein, K. farmer. 
 
 St. Bonifacius. 
 
 80 
 
 18 
 
 Schilling, A. farmer. 
 
 St. Bonifacius, 
 
 40 
 
 17 
 
 Kieser, John, farmer. 
 
 St. Bonifacius, 
 
 171 
 
 30 
 
 Schram. Henry, farmer 
 
 , St. Bonifacius, 
 
 80 
 
 17 
 
 Kmgsley, A. W. farmer 
 
 Minnetrista, 
 
 
 10 
 
 Sehram, J. E. farmer. 
 
 St. Bonifacius, 
 
 120 
 
 18 
 
 Lee, Edward and Almi 
 
 a. farmers. 
 
 
 
 Strobach, F. farmer, 
 
 St. Bonifacius, 
 
 60 
 
 28 
 
 
 Minnetrista, 
 
 120 
 
 5 
 
 Sheider, F. farmer. 
 
 St. Bonifacius, 
 
 40 
 
 28 
 
 Loew, Isidore, farmer. 
 
 St. Bonifacius. 
 
 40 
 
 18 
 
 Shuler, Peter, farmer. 
 
 St. Bonifacius, 
 
 142 
 
 29 
 
 Lauman. L. farmer. 
 
 St. Bouifacins, 
 
 80 
 
 20 
 
 Stifter, N. farmer. 
 
 St. Bonifacius, 
 
 80 
 
 31 
 
 Lippert, M. farmer. 
 
 Mound City, 
 
 40 
 
 9 
 
 Shleh, J. farmer and merchant, 
 
 
 
 Lauman. Henry, farmei 
 
 •.St. Bonifacius, 
 
 77 
 
 29 
 
 
 St. Bonifacius, 
 
 75 
 
 31 
 
 Logelin, Felix, farmer. 
 
 St. Bonifacius, 
 
 160 
 
 30 
 
 Speiser, H. farmer. 
 
 St. Bonifacius, 
 
 80 
 
 32 
 
 Luettka, AVm. farmer, 
 
 St. Bonifacius, 
 
 80 
 
 31 
 
 Shuler, Wm. farmer, 
 
 St. Bonifacius, 
 
 146 
 
 33 
 
 Lee, Henry, farmer. 
 
 Minnetrista, 
 
 160 
 
 8 
 
 Seiffert, F. farmer. 
 
 St. Bonifacius, 
 
 40 
 
 34 
 
 ilerriman. Elmer, far.. 
 
 Minnetrista. 
 
 
 S 
 
 Schmidt, J. fai'mer. 
 
 Lake Town, 
 
 334 
 
 35 
 
 Alerriman, Eugene, far 
 
 Minnetrista, 
 
 79 
 
 6 
 
 Turke, F. farmer, 
 
 Lake Town, 
 
 64 
 
 36 
 
 Jleniman, II. F. far. 
 
 Mumetrista, 
 
 108 
 
 8 
 
 Tarty, I. farmer, 
 
 Maple Plain, 
 
 80 
 
 o 
 
 ililler, M. farmer, 
 
 St. Bonifacius, 
 
 80 
 
 8 
 
 Woodward, C. farmer, 
 
 Mimietrista, 
 
 160 
 
 5
 
 TOWNSHIP DIBECTOBIES. 
 
 689 
 
 p. o. 
 Whittaker, C. farmer, Mouud City, 
 Whittaker, D. farmer, Mound City, 
 Whitehouse, W. T. navigator, 
 
 Mound City, 
 Wendt, Chas. farmer, St. Bonifacius, 
 Weiland, Jno. farmer, Mound City, 
 Whitehouse, J. M. farmer, 
 
 Mound City, 
 Weeks, E. merchant, Mound City, 
 Weinzerl, J. farmer, St. Bonifacius, 
 Went, Jno. farmer, St. Bonifacius, 
 
 Wehle, J. merchant, St. Bonifacius, 
 Weinzerl, J. carpenter, St. Bonifacius, 
 Yerger, A. farmer. Maple Plain, 
 
 Yetzer, Leo. farmer, St. Bonifacius, 
 Zanger, Sussanna, farmer.Lake Town, 
 Zahrendt,Lewis,builder, Mound City. 
 
 MINNETONKA. 
 
 A. 8. 
 
 40 10 
 
 133 10 
 
 23 
 60 33 
 
 80 22 
 
 69 23 
 
 23 
 
 80 30 
 
 80 .32 
 
 80 30 
 
 24 
 
 170 2 
 
 120 33 
 
 546 34 
 
 Aylor, Richard, farmer, 
 Bartow, Samuel, farmer, 
 Bryant, T. C. farmer, 
 Bouk, L. D. farmer, 
 Bryant, O. F. farmer, 
 Beebe, F. D. hotel, 
 
 Minnetonka, 
 Minnetonka, 
 Minnetonka, 
 Minnetonka, 
 Minnetonka, 
 Minnetonka. 
 
 Burnes, G. M. Est. fanner, Hopkins, 
 Brock, L. D. farmer, Minnetonka, 
 
 Bates, W. P. farmer, Hopkins, 
 
 Bassett, Charles, Hopkins, 
 
 Barry, J. farmer, Wayzata, 
 
 Brokl, T. farmer, Hopkins, 
 
 Bryant, H. farmer, Minnetonka, 
 
 Bren, Frank, farmer, Hopkins, 
 
 Bren, Josepli, fanner, Hopkins, 
 
 Burwell, D. M. town clerk, Minnetonka. 
 Burwell, C. H. supt. mill, Minnetonka. 
 Bartow, E. W. farmer, Minnetonka, 
 Buslmell, Wm. merchant, Wayzata. 
 Burnes, C. D. cooper and farmer, 
 
 Minnetonka, 
 Baker, W. farmer, Minnetonka, 
 
 Bartow, T. S. farmer, Minnetonka, 
 
 Bryant, Thomas C. farmer, Minnetonka, 
 Butler, A. G. dairyman, Minnetonka, 
 Cheely, J. W. farmer, Minnetonka, 
 
 Carr, Michael, farmer, Minnetonka, 
 Cooper, H. F. blacksmith, Minnetonka, 
 Carpenter, C. farmer, Minnetonka, 
 
 44 
 
 40 16 
 
 121 7 
 
 57 10 
 
 40 16 
 
 108 15 
 
 340 24 
 
 40 16 
 
 40 23 
 
 31 24 
 
 A. 
 
 40 
 
 26 
 
 10 
 
 14 
 
 156 
 
 26 
 
 200 
 
 35 
 
 80 
 
 16 
 
 80 
 
 14 
 
 160 
 
 i}0 
 
 40 
 
 16 
 
 120 
 
 15 
 
 
 7 
 
 20 
 
 8 
 
 80 
 
 21 
 
 10 
 
 20 
 
 80 
 
 16 
 
 Hopkins, 70 
 
 Minnetonka, 160 
 Minnetonlia, 80 
 Wayzata, 93 
 
 Hopkins, 80 
 
 Minnetonka, 40 
 Minnetonka, 160 
 Hopkins, 167 
 Hopkins, 
 Hopkins. 
 Excelsior, 
 Hopkins, 
 Minneapolis 
 Wayzata. 
 
 140 
 
 177 
 
 40 
 
 80 
 
 80 
 
 P. o. 
 
 Chowen, E. C. farm and nurseiy, 
 
 Wayzata, 120 
 Cale, John, farmer, Minnetonka, 39 
 
 Connolly, T. supt. poorfarm, Hopkins. 
 Cordell, C. farmer. Excelsior, 40 
 
 Chastek, J. M. farmer, JSIinnetonka, 320 
 Cherveny, Chas. farmer, 
 Chowen, W. S. farmer, 
 Christie, John, farmer, 
 Churchill, S. R. farmer, 
 Churchill, Chas. farmer, 
 Doyle, Pat. farmer, 
 Dobson, Wm. farmer, 
 Dorn, Daniel E. farmer, 
 Dostal, W. P. farmer, 
 Dominick, Philip, farmer, 
 Dworak, J. farmer, 
 Dworak, W. farmer, 
 Dressell, A. farmer, 
 Dickie, Miles, butcher, 
 Empenger, John, farmer, Hopkins 
 Empenger, J. H. farmer, Hopkins, 
 Eidam, E. 11. merchant, • Minnetonka. 
 Ellingwood, F. carpenter, Minnetonka, 
 Frear, S. A. farmer, Minnetonka, 
 
 Feltel, John, farmer, Hopkins, 
 
 Frear, W. S. farmer, Minnetonka, 
 
 Glassing, Fred, farmer, Minneapolis, 
 Gleason, John, farmer, Wayzata, 
 Gray, A. N. millwright, Minnetonka, 
 Gleason, H. L. hotel, Wayzata. 
 
 Gould, Wm. farmer, Hopkins, 
 
 Holtz, Fred, farmer. Wayzata, 
 
 Harrington, J. S. farmer, Wayzata, 
 Haley, Eugene, farmer, Minnetonka, 
 Houston, Wm. farmer, ilinnetonka, 
 Hopkins, George, cooper and farmer, 
 
 Minnetonka, 
 Hedderly, G. W. merchant, Wayzata. 
 Hanson, R. W. farmer and miller, 
 
 Munietonka, 160 
 Harrison, N. H. ship carpenter, 
 
 Wayzata, 5 
 
 Hoagland,Wm. stock dealer, Wayzata, 
 Hall, F. H. millwright, Mumetonka. 
 Johnson, G.V. boat builder, Wayzata. 
 Jackson, J. R. farmer, Minnetonka, 40 
 Kinsel, Frank, farmer, Minnetonka, 55 
 Kokesh, John, farmer, Minnetonka, 40 
 
 60 
 73 
 
 13 
 
 80 
 132 
 53 
 80 
 150 
 10 
 
 31 
 139 
 95 
 SO 
 40 
 
 40 
 
 18 
 18 
 
 31 
 34 
 36 
 18 
 12 
 
 1 
 35 
 
 4 
 10 
 24 
 27 
 26 
 31 
 36 
 
 1 
 
 23 
 26 
 
 14 
 21 
 36 
 15 
 o 
 
 5 
 18 
 
 27 
 1 
 12 
 12 
 16 
 
 14 
 
 6 
 1 
 
 27 
 27 
 29
 
 690 
 
 HISTOBY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 
 p. 0. 
 
 A. 
 
 S. 
 
 P. 0. 
 
 A. 
 
 s. 
 
 Kwetensky, J. farmer. 
 
 Minnetonka, 
 
 33 
 
 32 
 
 Kohinson, A. B. farmer, "Wayzata 
 
 134 
 
 18 
 
 Keesling. B. F. fanner, 
 
 "Wayzata, 
 
 200 
 
 1 
 
 Keid, Geo. saloon, "Wayzata, 
 
 
 
 Kotsovek, John, farmer. 
 
 Hopkins, 
 
 60 
 
 36 
 
 Eahl, Matt, farmer, Minnetonka, 
 
 80 
 
 1 
 
 Kwetensky. J. F. farmer, 
 
 Minnetonka, 
 
 47 
 
 32 
 
 Reaves, S. J. farmer, ^Minnetonka. 
 
 
 
 Kinsel. Joe. fanner. 
 
 ^linnetonka. 
 
 40 
 
 29 
 
 Rompotl, John, farmer, Hopkuis. 
 
 20 
 
 25 
 
 Kramer, Fred, farmer. 
 
 Excelsior, 
 
 
 30 
 
 Robertson, J. K. engineer, ilinnetonka. 
 
 
 
 Lamb.G. 0. &C. E. fanner, Miimetonka, 
 
 100 
 
 3 
 
 Strobeck. Frank, farmer, Hopkins, 
 
 80 
 
 23 
 
 Lyon, M. J. farmer. 
 
 ■\Vayzata. 
 
 80 
 
 5 
 
 Sonba. Ignatz. farmer. Hopkins, 
 
 600 
 
 24 
 
 Lawrence, H. farmer, 
 
 Minnetonka, 
 
 -80 
 
 9 
 
 Soukup. John, farmer, Minnetonka, 
 
 110 
 
 33 
 
 Locke, David Est. 
 
 Minnetonka, 
 
 200 
 
 16 
 
 Schmeidel, C. farmer, Minnetonka, 
 
 160 
 
 30 
 
 Lexa. "Srinslow, farmer, 
 
 Hopkins, 
 
 so" 
 
 23 
 
 Schmeidel. Joseph, fanner, Minnetonka, 
 
 160 
 
 30 
 
 Ley, Geo. farmer. 
 
 Jilinnetonka. 
 
 120 
 
 17 
 
 Smetana, J. farmer, Hopkins, 
 
 119J 
 
 35 
 
 Lyons, Stephen, dairy and farm. 
 
 
 
 Shanton. E. D. miller. Minnetonka. 
 
 
 
 
 ■\Vayzata, 
 
 90 
 
 5 
 
 Shaver, E. A. farmer. Minnetonka, 
 
 60 
 
 17 
 
 Lyons, Charles, cooper. 
 
 Mimietonka. 
 
 
 15 
 
 Shaver, B. T. teacher. Minnetonka, 
 
 16 
 
 8 
 
 Locke, D. A. student. 
 
 Minnetonka, 
 
 
 16 
 
 Shaver, B. G. mechanic, Minnetonka, 
 
 40 
 
 18 
 
 Locke, W. H. professor, 
 
 Minnetonka, 
 
 
 16 
 
 Shaver. Sarah C. farmer, Mimietonka, 
 
 68 
 
 8 
 
 McGenty. Patrick, farmer 
 
 Minnetonka, 
 
 160 
 
 4 
 
 Sands, E. E. fanner, Minnetonka, 
 
 151 
 
 17 
 
 Milbort, Adam, farmer, 
 
 Hopkins, 
 
 
 24 
 
 Stankard, G. M. head miller. Minnetonka, 
 
 
 15 
 
 McGann, John, farmer, 
 
 "Wayzata, 
 
 80 
 
 9 
 
 Sackinson, Frank, farmer, Minnetonka, 
 
 50 
 
 23 
 
 McGenty, D. & J. farmers 
 
 , Minnetonka, 
 
 160 
 
 9 
 
 Thornton, W, C. fanner, Minnetonka, 
 
 160 
 
 29 
 
 McGent>% Daniel, farmer, 
 
 Minnetonka, 
 
 120 
 
 9 
 
 Tipal. "0*. farmer, Hopkins, 
 
 80 
 
 35 
 
 Miller, Joseph, farmer. 
 
 Miimetonka, 
 
 130 
 
 16 
 
 Tenant, H. E. agent, "Wayzata. 
 
 
 
 Miller, J. P. farmer. 
 
 Hopkins, 
 
 140 
 
 23 
 
 "Wetzel, John, farmer. Minnetonka, 
 
 60 
 
 2 
 
 Miller, Jno. farmer. 
 
 ilinnrtonka. 
 
 40 
 
 29 
 
 Whipple. George, farmer, Miimetonka, 
 
 40 
 
 16 
 
 Makoskie. J. farmer. 
 
 Hopkins, 
 
 160 
 
 35 
 
 "Whipple, K. H. gardener, Mmnetonka, 
 
 40 
 
 18 
 
 Minnetonka Mill Companj 
 
 ', Minnetonka, 
 
 420 
 
 15 
 
 "Westburg. Swan, farmer, ilinnetonka. 
 
 80 
 
 32 
 
 Makoskie, F. farmer. 
 
 Hopkins, 
 
 80 
 
 35 
 
 "Williams. C. A. miller, Minnetonka. 
 
 
 
 McCormick, T. farmer. 
 
 "Wayzata, 
 
 40 
 
 4 
 
 Zahalka, John, fanner, Minnetonka, 
 
 120 
 
 17 
 
 Maurer, H. hotel, 
 Miller, C. D. farmer. 
 
 Wayzata, 
 Hopkins, 
 
 50 
 
 6 
 
 24 
 
 nrTNira:APOi-is. 
 
 
 
 Miller, F. S. farmer. 
 
 Hopkins, 
 
 90 
 
 24 
 
 Ankenv, A. T. real esfe, Minneapolis, 
 
 429 
 
 20 
 
 Meyer, E. miller and machinist. 
 
 
 
 Adams, T. F. dairyman, ^Minneapolis, 
 
 10 
 
 3 
 
 
 Jilinnetonka, 
 
 
 15 
 
 Adams, "O'm. farmer, ilinneapolis. 
 
 56 
 
 1 
 
 Noyes, S. G. carpenter and farmer. 
 
 
 
 Adams, A. S. farmer, ;Minneapolis, 
 
 
 6 
 
 
 Minnetonka, 
 
 70 
 
 10 
 
 Anderson, A. farmer. Minneapolis, 
 
 80 
 
 19 
 
 Ogin, H. farmer. 
 
 Minnetonka, 
 
 160 
 
 20 
 
 Allison, A. B. daii-vman. Mimieapolis, 
 
 25 
 
 20 
 
 Oleson, A. A. farmer. 
 
 Hopkins, 
 
 40 
 
 24 
 
 Aitken, R. M. farmer, iliuneapolis. 
 
 10 
 
 1 
 
 Picha. Jno. farmer, 
 
 ^Slinnetouka, 
 
 40 
 
 29 
 
 Adams. James, farmer, Mimieliaha, 
 
 80 
 
 7 
 
 Perkins, T. H. farmer, 
 
 Hopkins, 
 
 160 
 
 23 
 
 Adams, "Wm. carpenter, S. Minneapolis, 
 
 lots 
 
 1 
 
 Popelka, J. farmer, 
 
 !Minnetonka, 
 
 45 
 
 27 
 
 Becker. Ignatius, f armer.Minneapolis, 
 
 120 
 
 30 
 
 Popelka, F. farmer. 
 
 Minnetonka, 
 
 80 
 
 31 
 
 Bies C. farmer. :Minneapolis, 
 
 40 
 
 30 
 
 Popelka, Jno. E. farmer. 
 
 Hopkins. 
 
 40 
 
 36 
 
 Boldt Fred, farmer, Mmneapolis, 
 
 80 
 
 29 
 
 Peshina, J. farmer, 
 
 Excelsior, 
 
 80 
 
 41 
 
 Bowman, J. A. dentist, Minneapolis, 
 
 120 
 
 28 
 
 Picha, F. farmer. 
 
 Minnetonka, 
 
 160 
 
 32 
 
 Broderiek, E. farmer, Mmneapolis, 
 
 25 
 
 20 
 
 Petrak, J. fai-mer, 
 
 Hopkins, 
 
 80 
 
 36 
 
 Bofferding, P. farmer, Mumeapolis, 
 
 82 
 
 33 
 
 Phillips, G. C. mechanic and farmer, 
 
 
 
 Butle, J. P. farmer, Minneapolis, 
 
 79 
 
 4 
 
 
 Minnetonka, 
 
 80 
 
 20 
 
 Bofferding. "W. gardener,Miimeapolis, 
 
 4 
 
 28 
 
 Eohlfing, Fred. est. 
 
 Minnetonka, 
 
 160 
 
 20 
 
 Brewster, E. farmer, Minneapolis, 
 
 60 
 
 33
 
 TOWNSHIP DIEECTOBIES. 
 
 691 
 
 p. o. 
 Blaisdell, J. T. farmer, Minneapolis, 
 Bonne}', P. A. gardner, Minneapolis, 
 Berg, C. G. farmer, Minneapolis, 
 
 Berg, L. G. farmer, Minneapolis, 
 
 Berg, A. farmer, Minneapolis, 
 
 Bader, R. E. landlord, Minneapolis, 
 Brown, M. D. farmer, Minneapolis, 
 Bicknell, A. II. tenant, Minneapolis, 
 Blaisdell, Robt. farmer, Mimieapolis, 
 Bernstein, "VV. gardener, Minneapolis, 
 Burbank, G. A. farmer, Jilinneapolis, 
 Boyce, J. B. farmer, Hopkins, 
 Blaisdell, Robt. Jr. farmer. 
 
 Minneapolis, 
 Blondeau, Chas. janitor 
 
 Lakewood cemetery, Minneapolis. 
 Brooks, P. gardener. Minneapolis, 
 Bowman, J. R. dairym'n Minneapolis 
 Bornkamp, H. laborer, Minneapolis, 
 Bernell. E. tenant, Minneapolis, 
 
 Blaisdell, Wm. lumberman, 
 
 Minneapolis, 
 Burnett, C. T. farmer, Minneapolis, 
 Byrnes, Catharine, farmer, 
 
 Minneapolis, 
 Curley, P. farmer, Minneapolis, 
 
 Cripeau. F. X. gardener, Minneapolis, 
 Cook, F. surveyor, Minneapolis, 
 
 Cummings, R. farmer, Minneapolis, 
 Carlson, L. dairyman, Minneapolis, 
 Coats, D. 11. farmer, Minneapolis, 
 Cmnmings, Levi, f'mer, Minneapolis, 
 Doyle, F. farmer, Minneapolis, 
 
 Dee, James, farmer, Minneapolis, 
 Dougherty, Isaiah, far. Minneapolis, 
 Drews, Geo. farmer, Minneapolis, 
 Dague, P. farmer, Mimieapolis, 
 
 Earle, O. K. farmer, Mmneapolis, 
 Erhart, G. M. brick kiln, Minneapolis, 
 Ekes, Martin, gardener, Minneapolis, 
 Earenfight, C. T. " Minneapolis, 
 Earenfight, R. R. dealer, Minneapolis, 
 Fries, Margaret, farmer, Minneapolis, 
 Friek. Elias, farmer, Minneapolis, 
 Foss, D. M. gardener, Minneapolis, 
 Faloey, J. farmer, Minneapolis, 
 
 Foster, A. J. merchant, Minneapolis, 
 Funk, W. grocer, Minneapolis, 
 
 Fries, Wm. farmer, MinneapoUs, 
 
 A. 
 
 s. 
 
 40 
 
 34 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 14 
 
 6 
 
 9 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 
 33 
 
 SO 
 
 12 
 
 120 
 
 10 
 
 80 
 
 12 
 
 40 
 
 10 
 
 80 
 
 10 
 
 300 
 
 19 
 
 60 
 
 24 
 
 5 
 
 17 
 
 o 
 
 21 
 
 lots 
 
 1 
 
 lots 
 
 1 
 
 66 
 
 3 
 
 137 
 
 31 
 
 
 21 
 
 160 
 
 20 
 
 38 
 
 16 
 
 7 
 
 30 
 
 5 
 
 12 
 
 i 
 
 O 
 
 70 
 
 21 
 
 5 
 
 12 
 
 •34 
 
 33 
 
 20 
 
 32 
 
 70 
 
 31 
 
 170 
 
 17 
 
 J 
 
 33 
 
 89 
 
 16 
 
 
 5 
 
 12 
 
 33 
 
 18 
 
 6 
 
 
 6 
 
 40 
 
 30 
 
 160 
 
 30 
 
 .5 
 
 17 
 
 160 
 
 8 
 
 lots 
 
 28 
 
 lots 
 
 1 
 
 80 
 
 30 
 
 P. o. 
 Finley, O. actuary, Minneapolis, 
 
 Fmen, W. II. machinist, Minneapolis, 
 Gourme, F. O. farmer, MinneapoHs, 
 Gaffney, Thos. farmer, Minneapolis, 
 Green, J. farmer, Minneapolis, 
 
 Grover, Ed.sell, farmer, Minneapolis, 
 Goodrich, Geo. farmer, Minneapolis, 
 Grosbeck, E. farmer, Minneapolis, 
 Greip, F. farmer, Minneapolis, 
 
 Garvey, C. C. farmer, Minneapolis, 
 Grimes, J. T. farmer, Minneapolis, 
 Gilpatrick, Chas. f'mer, Minneapolis, 
 Gorham, P. A. dairyman, Minneapolis, 
 Goodspeed, J. B. stock dealer, 
 
 MinneapoUs, 
 Graham, L. B. moulder, Minneapolis, 
 Griswold, K. F. banker, Minneapolis, 
 Godfrey, A. farmer, Minnehaha, 
 Gebsen, Nels, drayman, Minneapolis, 
 Girling, W. M. knitting factory, 
 
 Minneapolis, 
 Goodspeed, E. A. stock dealer, 
 
 Minneapolis, 
 Halloran, M. J. farmer, Minneapolis, 
 Hal loran, Martin, " Minneapolis, 
 Holen, S. M. farmer, Minneapolis, 
 Halloran, D. farmer, ^linneapolis, 
 Halloran, Pat. farmer, MinneapoUs, 
 Halloran. J. P. farmer, Minneapolis, 
 Halloran, Fat. farmer, Minneapolis, 
 Held, J. F. gardener, MinneapoUs, 
 Halloran, John, farmer, Minneapolis, 
 Harman, John, farmer, Minneapolis, 
 Hannan, M. farmer, Minneapolis, 
 Hannan, James, farmer, Minneapolis, 
 Hannan, Patrick, " Minneapolis, 
 Hamilton, Jos. farmer, Minneapolis, 
 Hallett, D. F. mechanic, Minneapolis, 
 Hopkins, E. A. tenant, MinneapoUs, 
 Hopkins, II, H, farmer, Mmneapolis, 
 Hall, A. R. farmer, Miimeapolis, 
 
 Hayes & Matheson, dairymen, 
 
 MLnneapolis, 
 Hauke, Chris, farmer, Minneapolis, 
 Hayes, J. W. dairyman, MinneapoUs, 
 Jones, W. G. farmer, Minneapolis, 
 Jenson, C. dairyman, Minneapolis, 
 Johnson, Hans, dairy 'n, MinneapoUs, 
 Jenson, H. C. tenant, MinneapoUs, 
 
 
 11 
 
 
 20 
 
 80 
 
 29 
 
 80 
 
 5 
 
 60 
 
 28 
 
 80 
 
 8 
 
 160 
 
 17 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 40 
 
 11 
 
 50 
 
 10 
 
 366 
 
 7 
 
 20 
 
 35 
 
 O 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 5 
 
 36 
 
 2i 
 
 25 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 20 
 
 1 
 
 85 19 
 
 120 5 
 
 20 32 
 
 21 i 29 
 160 29 
 
 40 30 
 
 80 6 
 
 145 30 
 
 56J 29 
 
 116 
 
 120 
 
 80 
 80 
 
 120 16 
 10 1 
 
 79 
 
 19 
 
 35 
 
 20 
 
 
 17 
 
 205 
 
 5 
 
 
 17 
 
 120 
 
 28 
 
 15 
 
 30 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 1
 
 b92 
 
 HISTOEY OF WENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 V. o. 
 Minneapolis, 
 Jlinneapolis," 
 Minneapolis, 
 Minneapolis, 
 Minneapolis, 
 Minneapolis, 
 
 Keller, Fred, farmer. 
 Kennedy. P. farmer, 
 Keller. C. farmer. 
 Kelley. D. farmer. 
 Knapp, T. farmer. 
 Kirkland L. fanner, 
 Keller. Fred. Jr. farmer, Minneapolis. 
 Laycock. Mrs. M. A. " Minneapolis, 
 Lackin, Mrs. Jsora, " Minneapolis, 
 Lobdell, J. B. farmer, Minneapolis, 
 Lindblom, O. F. farmer. ^Minneapolis, 
 Layman, il. retired, Minneapolis, 
 Libby, A. D., town cl'k. Minneapolis, 
 Larpeuteur, C. L. farmer.Minneapolis, 
 Leigliton. Fred. gardner.Minneapolis, 
 Lowry, Thos. lawyer, Minneapolis, 
 Lincoln, G. W. farmer. Minneapolis. 
 Long, Jas. stock dealer, Miimeapolis, 
 Long. M. gardner, Minneapolis, 
 
 Ludlum, Jno. mason, Minneapolis, 
 Miller, Matliias, farmer, Minneapolis, 
 Mozier, Carl, farmer, Minneapolis, 
 Mozier, M. farmer, Miimeapolis, 
 
 Miller, P. S. darjman, Minneapolis, 
 Moore. Geo. farmer. Minneapolis, 
 
 MeGenty,H. & J. farmer, Minneapolis, 
 Moses, E. farmer, Minneapolis, 
 
 MofCett, W. R. farmer, Minneapolis, 
 Martinson, N. farmer, Minneapolis, 
 Nassig, Chas. farmer, Minneapolis, 
 Xitsing, X. gardener, Minneapolis, 
 Oswald, U. beer garden, Minneapolis, 
 Osmer, D. stock dealer, Minneapolis, 
 Oleson, O. dairyman, Minneapolis, 
 Pratt, K. L. farmer, Minneapolis, 
 
 Pi'^rron, X. gardener, Mimieapolis, 
 Peters C. farmer, Minneapolis, 
 
 Pederson, G. dairyman, Mimieapolis, 
 Peterson. B. A. farmer, Minneapolis, 
 Pratt, Stephen, farmer, Minneapolis, 
 Pratt, M. V. farmer Minneapolis, 
 Poole. K. gardner, Minneapolis, 
 
 Patten, J. M. dairyman, Minneapolis, 
 Peterson, G. dairyman, Minneapolis, 
 PeLrce, Thos. AV. farmer. Minneapolis, 
 Peterson , Fred .dairyman . Minneapolis , 
 Peterson, Cris. dairyman, ;Minneapolis, 
 Eey, Michael, gardener, Minneapolis, 
 Eoberts, D. farmer, Minneapolis, 
 
 A. s. 
 
 120 29 
 
 160 18 
 
 160 31 
 
 100 8 
 
 20 1-6 
 
 11 8 
 
 80 6 
 
 80 8 
 
 160 18 
 
 109 17 
 
 10 6 
 
 45 36 
 
 10 1 
 
 80 12 
 
 5 17 
 
 lots 33 
 
 ■5 11 
 
 5 11 
 
 33 
 
 80 30 
 
 50 28 
 
 i7 
 
 1 
 
 120 19 
 
 80 17 
 
 75 6 
 
 75 7 
 
 13 11 
 40 29 
 
 5 17 
 
 14 28 
 
 10 1 
 
 12 12 
 40 17 
 
 13 17 
 15 36 
 10 12 
 20 11 
 
 17 
 
 210 6 
 
 20 7 
 
 
 17 
 
 10 
 
 12 
 
 25 
 
 5 
 
 
 28 
 
 
 28 
 
 60 
 
 30 
 
 10 
 
 3 
 
 p. o. 
 
 Minneapolis, 
 
 ilinneapolis, 
 
 Minneapolis, 
 
 ilinneapolis. 
 
 Minneapolis. 
 
 Minneapolis, 
 
 Russell. R. P. miller, 
 Eutledge. tenant. 
 Scheid. Peter, farmer. 
 Sweeney. E. farmer. 
 Sweeny, James, famier 
 Sweeny. John, fanner, 
 Somers.Mrs.M.E. farmer.Minneapolis. 
 Smith, A. daryman, Minneapolis. 
 Smith, James, Lyndale farm, 
 
 Minneapolis, 
 Somers. AVni. constable. Minneajwlis, 
 Small, L. dairyman. ^tlimieapolis, 
 Sanborn, C. B. nurseryman, 
 
 Minneapolis, 
 Smith, C. A. gardener. Minneapolis, 
 Smith, Nils, drayman, Minneapolis. 
 Shepherd. L. gardener. Minneapolis, 
 Tabour. S. T. farmer, ilinneapoUs, 
 Tabour, J. B. dealer, 
 Tracy. H. G. dealer. 
 Tapper, Capt. John, 
 Tupper, D. W. dealer, 
 Tingley, C. dairyman, 
 Tillany, L. A. farmer, 
 Yan Xest, H. stock-grower 
 
 Vamer, W. II. farmer, 
 
 Widekin. A. farmer, 
 
 Wilson, U. R. fanner, 
 
 Whitney, S. C. farmer, 
 
 Warneke, F. H. farmer 
 
 Wheeler. G. D. tenant. 
 
 Yost, E. tenant, 
 
 Zeigler. Carl, salesman, 
 
 Zeller, George, carj't. Minneapolis 
 
 OSSEO. 
 
 Minneapolis. 
 Minneapolis, 
 Jlinneapolis. 
 Mumeapolis, 
 Minneapolis, 
 Minneapolis, 
 
 A. s. 
 
 99 33 
 
 17 
 
 80 18 
 
 84 18 
 
 77 18 
 
 80 17 
 
 32 31 
 50 1 
 
 1400 
 
 31 
 12 
 
 33 3 
 10 2 
 50 1 
 40 
 
 120 32 
 
 40 32 
 
 40 31 
 7 
 
 27 31 
 
 22 1 
 
 115 6 
 
 Minneapolis, 
 
 120 
 
 10 
 
 Minneapolis, 
 
 159 
 
 32 
 
 Minneapolis, 
 
 10 
 
 33 
 
 Minneapolis, 
 
 10 
 
 31 
 
 Minneapolis, 
 
 63 
 
 5 
 
 Hopkins. 
 
 80 
 
 19 
 
 Minneapolis, 
 
 
 10 
 
 Minneapolis, 
 
 133 
 
 18 
 
 Minneapolis. 
 
 7 
 
 31 
 
 lots, 36 
 
 Black. H. C. wagon-maker, Osseo. 
 
 Brown, Seneca, wagon-maker, Osseo. 
 Brown, Black & Dubuque, wagon-makers, 
 
 Osseo. 
 Chandler, E. II.. Osseo. 
 
 Clark, E. P. carpenter and joiner, Osseo. 
 Dubuque, I. wagon-maker, Osseo. 
 
 Ha\iland, Eli, blacksmithing, Osseo. 
 Hechtman, John, merchant, Osseo. 
 
 Haviland, Chancy, engineer, Osseo. 
 
 Heesen, J. saloon, Osseo. 
 
 Krueger, W. boot and shoemaker, Osseo.
 
 TOWNSHIP DIBECT0RIE8. 
 
 693 
 
 A. 
 
 s. 
 
 Laferriere, O. blacksmithiiig, 
 Labissionier, I. mason, 
 Lapray, S. meat market, 
 Lefebvre, E. merchant, 
 Labrash, Z. hotel keeper, 
 Ladriere, A. pastor St. Louis Ch. 
 Normandin, J. laborer, 
 Pavitt, S. N. harness-maker, 
 Pinault, N. J. physician and surg 
 Fribble, J. T., 
 
 Rougier, Nelson, wheelwright, 
 Ray, A. G. farming, 
 Rougier, Maggie, dress-making, 
 Schmidt, Fritz, Internation'l hot'l 
 Schwappach, C. saloon. 
 Saucier, Jos. farmer. 
 Smith, Mrs. M. R. farming, 
 Thayer, Mrs. C. W. farming, 
 Wellman, Eli, blacksmith, 
 Woodley, J. boot and shoemaker. 
 
 PLYMOUTH. 
 
 p. o. 
 
 Osseo. 
 Osseo. 
 
 Osseo. 
 
 Osseo. 
 
 Osseo. 
 
 Osseo. 
 
 Osseo. 
 
 Osseo. 
 . Osseo. 
 
 Osseo. 
 
 Osseo. 
 
 Osseo, 60 
 
 Osseo. 
 , Osseo, 40 
 
 Osseo. 
 
 Osseo, 80 24 
 
 Osseo, 80 18 
 
 Osseo, 160 
 
 Osseo. 
 , Osseo. 
 
 Adams, M. farmer. 
 Baker. A. farmer, 
 Berube, Francis, " 
 Berthiume, C. farmer, 
 
 Lenz, 
 
 Minneapolis, 
 
 Lenz, 
 
 Minneapolis, 
 
 Brigge, Julius, farmer, Minneapolis, 
 Brusch, C. farmer. Minneapolis, 
 
 Begin, J. M. farmer, Minneapolis, 
 Begin, L. Jr. farmer, Minneapolis, 
 Boucher, F. farmer, Lenz, 
 Begin, Louis farmer, Lenz, 
 Becker, Fred, farmer, Minneapolis, 
 Biishnell, Byron, farmer, Wayzata, 
 Berube, farmer, Lenz, 
 
 Cavanaugh, P. farmer, Way/.ata, 
 Connoly, Morris,farmer, Parkers Lake, 
 Campbell, J. W. farmer, Parkers Lake, 
 Creelan, J.W, farmer, Parkers Lake, 
 Crandbient, E. farmer, Parkers Lake, 
 Clark, Tho'pson, farmer,Parkers Lake, 
 Clark, C. W. farmer, Parkers, Lake, 
 Daly, K. farmer, Lenz, 
 
 Daly, W. farmer, Lenz, 
 
 Deveiy, Jno. farmer, Lenz, 
 Dolan, Keeran. farmer, Lenz, 
 Donahue, Jas. farmer, Parkers Lake, 
 Daniels, Peter, farmer, ^Minneapolis, 
 DuBeau, A. farmer, Lenz, 
 
 80 17 
 
 80 2 
 
 280 8 
 200 10 
 
 80 10 
 
 281 11 
 
 14 
 14 
 
 80 
 80 
 80 15 
 
 295 23 
 4 36 
 
 120 33 
 40 9 
 80 34 
 60 27 
 82 28 
 51 29 
 32 32 
 tenant 33 
 33 
 82 
 
 100 
 80 
 81 
 80 
 
 40 10 
 
 80 16 
 
 P. o. 
 Donahue, Jas. farmer, Minneapolis, 
 Day, J. W., farmer, Parkers Lake, 
 Dumstrey, E. farmer, Wayzata, 
 Donahue, John, farmer, Lenz, 
 Eagan, Mary, farmer, Lenz, 
 Ernst, Joseph, farmer, 
 Ecker, F. W. farmer, 
 Eagan, Carey, farmer, 
 Eagan, John, farmer, 
 Eagan, W. farmer, 
 Fornier, W. farmer, 
 Feitzer, John, farmer, 
 Feitzer, Henry, farmer, Lenz, 
 Faber, Nich. farmer, Minneapolis, 
 Farrington, C. W. far. 
 Frost, Benjamin, far. 
 Foster, J. W. farmer. 
 Fleer, IL clergyman, 
 Gleeson, James, farmer, Lenz, 
 GafCy, Ann, farmer, Lenz, 
 Gaffy, Pat. farmer, 
 Gorham, (i. farmer, 
 Glatz, M. farmer, 
 Gorham, F. farmer, 
 Gorliam, David, farmer, Lenz, 
 Garvin, Thomas, farmer, Lenz, 
 Ileinrich, John, farmer, Minneapolis, 
 Hatcher, Frank, farmer, Lenz, 
 Hamel, N. farmer, Lenz, 
 
 Hughes, C. W. farmer, Lenz, 
 Hughes, James, farmer, Lenz, 
 Hughes, Frank, farmer, Lenz, 
 Hughes, Thos. farmer, Lenz, 
 Hughes, Henry, farmer, Lenz, 
 Heidlebergh, A. " Lenz, 
 Hughes, Pvdward, " Lenz, 
 Howe, J. IL farmer, Minneapolis, 
 Hilger, Peter, farmer, Minneapolis, 
 Hoppenroth, C. farmer, Lenz, 
 Huar, O. farmer, Minneapolis, 
 
 Hughes, Jno. W. farmer, Lenz, 
 Hughes, E. C. farmer, Parker's Lake, 
 Hughes, T. Jr. farmer, Lenz, 
 Hughes, W. T. farmer, Lenz, 
 Hughes, C. W. Lenz. 
 
 Jordan, J. H. farmer, Lenz, 
 Jamme, Joseph, farmer, Lenz, 
 Jordan, Addrew, " Lenz, 
 
 Parkers Lake, 
 
 Parkers Lake, 
 
 Lenz, 
 
 Lenz, 
 
 Lenz, 
 
 Lenz, 
 
 Lenz, 
 
 Minneapolis, 
 Minneapolis, 
 Parker's Lake, 
 Parker's Lake. 
 
 Lenz, 
 Lenz, 
 
 Parker's Lake, 
 Lenz, 
 
 A. 
 
 142 
 40 
 
 194 
 80 
 80 
 
 200 
 
 160 
 80 
 
 76 
 80 
 80 
 346 
 160 
 40 
 48 
 
 80 
 120 
 
 120 
 
 60 
 
 200 
 
 180 
 
 80 
 
 122 
 
 100 
 
 131 
 
 80 
 
 140 
 
 100 
 
 138 
 
 80 
 
 80 
 
 107 
 
 168 
 
 40 
 
 80 
 
 116 
 
 27 
 
 40 
 
 40 
 
 40 
 
 40 
 
 80 
 
 115 
 
 s. 
 
 9 
 22 
 32 
 
 9 
 
 5 
 6 
 6 
 8 
 
 15 
 15 
 22 
 15 
 36 
 32 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 31 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 8 
 
 2 
 
 18 
 18 
 16 
 18 
 18 
 19 
 19 
 20 
 20 
 22 
 36 
 4 
 14 
 19 
 21 
 18 
 IS 
 
 17 
 17 
 18
 
 694 
 
 HISTOEY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 p. o. 
 JarcUne, A. G. blacksmith, 
 
 Lenz, 
 
 Kobbs, Lewis, farmer, Minneapolis, 
 
 Kritz, J. farmer, . Parker's Lake, 
 
 Klausman,M. farmer, Minneapolis, 
 
 Kraetz. Frank, farmer. Wayzata, 
 
 Kraetz, Fred, farmer, Parker's Lake, 
 
 Kellet, David, Est. " Parker's Lake, 
 
 Lewcock, G. farmer, Parker's Lake, 
 
 Le Compt. A. farmer. ^linueapolis, 
 
 Lemmer. P. farmer, Mumeapolis, 
 
 Luby. David, farmer, Minneapolis, 
 
 Luby. M. farmer, Minneapolis, 
 
 Merchant. S. farmer, Minneapolis, 
 
 Marxen, D. farmer, Mimieapolis, 
 
 McGowan, G. farmer, Parker's Lake, 
 Malmst«dt, H. G. farm'r. Parker's Lake, 
 
 McGowan, M. farmer, Parker's Lake, 
 McGowan, Phil, farmer, Parker's Lake, 
 
 Megelkoch. J. farmer, Minneapolis, 
 
 Miller, J. P. farmer, Lenz, 
 
 Malmstedt A. farmer, Parker's Lake, 
 
 McDonald Dan, Minneapolis, 
 
 Xeumann H. farmer, ilinneapolis, 
 
 Noel, Joseph, farmer, Minneapolis, 
 
 Keumann, J. farmer, Minneapolis. 
 
 Osterd. M. farmer, Parker's Lake, 
 
 Osborn. E. farmer, Parker's Lake, 
 
 Ottaway, T. farmer, Plymouth, 
 
 Pomerleau, F. farmer, Lenz, 
 
 Pomerleau, D. farmer. Lenz, 
 
 Prohl. Henry, farmer, Miimeapolis, 
 
 Parker, J. M. farmer, Parker's Lake, 
 
 Parker. Daniel C. far. Parker's Lake, 
 
 Peoples, Chris, farmer. MinneapoUs, 
 
 Past, J. H. machinist, Monticello, 
 
 Kooney, James, farmer, Lenz, 
 
 Koi. Joseph, farmer, Lenz, 
 
 Eoggeman, AVm. far. Minneapolis, 
 
 Eoggeman, Jolm, far. Jlinneapolis, 
 
 Easkop, Peter, farmer, Minneapolis, 
 
 Eoggeman, L. farmer, Minneapolis, 
 
 Kiley, James, farmer, Lenz, 
 
 Eoth, Stephen, farmer, Parker's Lake, 
 
 Eoehl. Nicholas, far. 
 Eossbach, Charles, 
 Eaths, Jacob, farmer, 
 Badintz. F. farmer, 
 Eadiutz, "\Vm. farmer, 
 
 Parker's Lake, 
 Minneapolis, 
 Parker's Lake, 
 Parker's Lake, 
 Wayzata, 
 
 A. 
 
 s. 
 
 
 33 
 
 68 
 
 11 
 
 80 
 
 19 
 
 148 
 
 24 
 
 239 
 
 29 
 
 80 
 
 29 
 
 179 
 
 30 
 
 80 
 
 21 
 
 122 
 
 25 
 
 40 
 
 36 
 
 145 
 
 36 
 
 40 
 
 36 
 
 SO 
 
 10 
 
 80 
 
 12 
 
 120 
 
 28 
 
 40 
 
 28 
 
 80 
 
 34 
 
 80 
 
 34 
 
 240 
 
 27 
 
 80 
 
 oo 
 
 8 
 
 28 
 
 80 
 
 25 
 
 160 
 
 14 
 
 72 
 
 15 
 
 96 
 
 •)•> 
 
 40 
 
 27 
 
 33 
 
 28 
 
 80 
 
 32 
 
 134 
 
 4 
 
 200 
 
 7 
 
 247 
 
 11 
 
 54 
 
 28 
 
 120 
 
 28 
 
 80 
 
 13 
 
 
 36 
 
 80 
 
 7 
 
 40 
 
 9 
 
 160 
 
 11 
 
 160 
 
 11 
 
 80 
 
 12 
 
 200 
 
 13 
 
 72 
 
 17 
 
 80 
 
 21 
 
 120 
 
 21 
 
 67 
 
 24 
 
 160 
 
 28 
 
 148 
 
 30 
 
 40 
 
 31 
 
 P. o. 
 "Wayzata, 
 Wayzata, 
 "^'ayzata. 
 Lenz, 
 Lenz, 
 Lenz, 
 Lenz. 
 
 Eyan, "\Vm. farmer, 
 
 Eyan, James, farmer, 
 
 Eodner. A. farmer. 
 
 Schnlze, John, farmer, 
 
 Schulze, Eobt farmer, 
 
 Schmidt, AVm. farmer. 
 
 Sdhmidt. Carl, farmer, 
 
 SajidhofE, Wm. farmer, Minneapolis, 
 
 Smith. Henn% farmer. MiimeapoUs, 
 
 SchUtz Wm. farmer. Minneapolis, 
 
 Scblitz. Herbert, farmer. Minneapolis, 
 
 Sandhoff. II. A. stock raiser, 
 
 Mimieapolis, 
 Sandhoff. A. farmer, Mmneapolis, 
 Schmitz, Peter, farmer, Parkers Lake, 
 Scherer, Simon, farmer, Lenz, 
 Schmitz. Dennis.farmer.Lenz, 
 Schmidt, Anton,farmer, Lenz, 
 Schmitz, Henry ,farmer, Lenz, 
 Scott, H. H. farmer, Minneapolis. 
 Swiggart, Chris, farmer, "Wayzata, 
 Schiebe, Carl, hotel, MinneapoUs, 
 Smith. H. M. farmer. Minneapolis, 
 Schmidt.F.H.B. farmer. Mimieapolis, 
 Smith, G. C. farmer, Parkers Lake, 
 Sandhoff, H. A. mason, Minneapolis. 
 Thies, J. P. fanner, MinneapoUs. 
 Thies. 11. farmer. Minneapolis, 
 
 Trittlewitz, C. farmer, Lenz. 
 Thompson, A. farmer, Parkers Lake 
 Weeks, S. C. farmer, Mnineapolis. 
 Wyendt, M. farmer, iliimeapoUs, 
 "Witzman, John, farmer, MinneapoUs, 
 "Welsh, Barney, farmer. Parkers Lake, 
 Winnen, P. J. farmer, Parkers Lake, 
 Wirth, T. farmer, Parkers Lake, 
 
 Waters, E. J. engineer, "Wayzata, 
 
 KICHFIELD. 
 
 Anderson, Otto, farmer. 
 Booth, J. E. florist, 
 Brown, J. W. farmer, 
 Busch, r. gardener. 
 Brown, H. F. farmer. 
 Baumgartner. J. farmer, 
 Baird, G. "W. farmer, 
 Butterfield, F. farmer, 
 BuU, J . A. farmer, 
 Baird, J. W. miller. 
 
 , Eichfield, 
 
 Minnehaha, 
 
 Eichfield, 
 
 Eichfield, 
 
 MinneapoUs, 
 
 Eichfield, 
 
 MiimeapoUs, 
 
 Jlinneapolis, 
 
 ^MinneapoUs, 
 
 Eichfield. 
 
 A. s. 
 
 80 34 
 
 80 34 
 
 93 31 
 
 225 4 
 
 80 5 
 
 120 9 
 
 80 11 
 
 100 10 
 
 320 11 
 
 40 12 
 
 80 12 
 
 285 13 
 
 160 12 
 
 80 18 
 
 45 16 
 
 139 19 
 
 80 20 
 
 80 20 
 
 70 31 
 
 360 36 
 
 80 36 
 
 311 11 
 
 176 26 
 
 13 
 
 95 
 40 
 
 80 20 
 
 95 29 
 
 194 25 
 
 80 26 
 
 60 27 
 
 70 31 
 
 33 32 
 
 120 33 
 
 10 22 
 
 3 18 
 
 80 14 
 
 10 15 
 
 159 18 
 
 82 25 
 
 120 18 
 
 33 
 
 158 IS
 
 TOWNSHIP BIBECTOBIES. 
 
 695 
 
 p. o. 
 
 Baird, J. A. miller, Ricbfield. 
 Bush, Frederick, f mer, Eichfleld, 
 Cressey, M. G. scliool teaclier, 
 
 Eichfleld, 
 Craik, Andrew, mUler and fanner, 
 
 Richfield, 
 Clark, C. revenue oflScer, Minneapolis, 
 Copley. Mary, farmer, Iloplcins, 
 Code, John, farmer, Richfleld, 
 Code, Geo. farmer, Minneapolis, 
 
 Couillard, E. A. farmer, Eichfleld, 
 Cummings, G. W. f "mer, Minnehaha, 
 Christian, Peter, farmer, Minneapolis, 
 Cassin, David, farmer, Eichfleld, 
 Carey, John, farmer, Eichfleld, 
 Carey, E. farmer, Minneapolis, 
 
 Couillard, C. farmer, Eichfleld, 
 Chase, C. C. Eichfleld, 
 
 Davis, William, f.irmer, Eiclifield, 
 Duggan, John, farmer, Eichfleld, 
 Duggan, Wm. farmer, Eichfleld, 
 Davis, r. farmer, Minneapolis, 
 
 Davis, B. farmer, Minneapolis, 
 
 Delaney, Mich, farmer, Eichfleld, 
 Davis, W. farmer, Minneapolis, 
 
 Darey, E. farmer, Minneapolis, 
 
 Ewing, W. M. wagon maker, 
 
 Minneapolis, 
 Fitch, D. S. farmer, Richfleld, 
 Fogarty, Pat, farmer, Minneapolis, 
 Fogarty, W. & T. farm'r Minneapolis, 
 Fortwmgler, G. farmer, Slinneapolis, 
 Fitzsimmons, W. farm'r, Minneapolis, 
 Gilman, J. F. farmer, Eichfleld, 
 Graham Eliz. farmer, Eichfleld, 
 Gleeson, M. farmer, Munieapolis, 
 Gjertsen, G. J. farmer, Minnehaha, 
 Gilmore, J. F. gardener, Eichfleld, 
 Gibli, C. gardener, Richfield, 
 
 Hanscom, B. F. farmer, Richfleld, 
 Hoag, Charles, farmer, Minneapolis, 
 Holman, L. II. farmer, Eichfleld, 
 Heiss, F. J. farmer, Eichfleld, 
 Holman, L. farmer, Eichfleld, 
 Heiss, F. J. farmer, Eichfleld, 
 Hall, A. X. farmer, Richfield, 
 Hohag, C. A. farmer, Minneapolis, 
 Hubbard, O. conductor, M. & St. Paul. 
 Minneapolis, 
 
 15 15 
 
 10 15 
 
 160 18 
 
 80 15 
 
 80 31 
 
 40 32 
 
 200 19 
 
 114 20 
 33 19 
 
 371 36 
 
 120 18 
 
 94 8 
 
 40 6 
 
 160 34 
 
 20 15 
 
 160 18 
 
 105 4 
 
 126 4 
 
 115 5 
 80 5 
 
 200 31 
 
 160 18 
 
 214 5 
 
 18 
 
 145 28 
 
 80 30 
 
 206 8 
 
 267 
 60 
 
 230 
 253 
 
 31 
 6 
 
 80 21 
 
 27 
 6 
 
 81 24 
 
 2 15 
 
 10 16 
 
 1(10 14 
 
 125 22 
 
 32 33 
 
 80 19 
 
 62 21 
 
 19 
 
 72 22 
 
 34 30 
 
 farmer, 
 
 200 28 
 
 MinneapoUs, 
 Eich field, 
 Minneapolis, 
 Miimeapolis, 
 
 p. o, 
 Hirt, John, farmer, Minnehaha, 
 
 Haeg, Charles, farmer, Minnehaha, 
 Hausler, Mary, farmer, Eichfleld, 
 Hayward, Jesse, florist, Minnehaha, 
 Humphrey, L.L. farmer, Eichfleld, 
 Hall, E. T. farmer, Eichfleld, 
 
 Hopkins, M. M. farmer, Richfleld, 
 Hallenback, F.H. far'er,Fort Snellmg, 
 Hawkes, J. farmer, Minneapolis, 
 
 Irwin, G. W. farmer, Richfield, 
 Irwin, E. F. farmer, Eichfleld, 
 Johnson Peter, farmer, Minneapolis, 
 Kyte, John, farmer, Minneapolis, 
 King, E. E. farmer, 
 Kiesel, Leo. farmer. 
 Lane, W. H. farmer, 
 Lyons, W. farmer, 
 Lucas, Harmon, farmer, Richfield, 
 Larson, L. farmer, Minneapolis, 
 
 Mosier, I. H. farmer, Richfleld, 
 Millam, Geo. miller, Minneapolis, 
 Maloney, M. F. farmer, Hopkins, 
 Makowsky, J. Jr. f "mer, Hopkins, 
 Manton, J. R. clergyman, Richfleld, 
 McGrath, Pat. farmer, Minneapolis 
 Murphy, W. farmer, 
 McCauley, D. farmer, 
 Moriarty, T. farmer, 
 Moriarty, T. L. farmer 
 McCabe, M. farmer, 
 Kusser, John, farmer, 
 Odell, Geo. farmer, 
 Odell, Howard C. with L. Day & Sons, 
 
 Minneapolis. 
 Page, T. blacksmith, 
 Pratt, J. J. farmer, 
 Pahl, Frank, farmer, 
 Place, D. N. farmer, 
 Peters, Thomas, hotel 
 
 Minneapolis, 
 
 Minneapolis, 
 
 Minneapolis, 
 
 Minneapolis, 
 
 Richfield, 
 
 Fort Snelling, 
 
 Richfleld, 
 
 Eichfield, 
 Richfleld, 
 Fort Snelling, 
 Minneapolis, 
 Minnehaha. 
 
 Richardson, J. N. merchant, Richfleld, 
 
 Ryan, Pat. farmer, 
 Ray, T. J. farmer, 
 Roberts, J. A. farmer, 
 Eyau, James, farmer. 
 Scales, E. A. farmer, 
 Schulz, Henry, fanner, 
 Self, Thomas, farmer. 
 Sly, F. farmer, 
 Sly, Gilbert, farmer, 
 
 Minneapolis, 
 
 MinneapoUs, 
 
 Eichfleld, 
 
 Minneapohs, 
 
 Mimiebaha, 
 
 Hopkins, 
 
 Hopkins, 
 
 Richfleld, 
 
 Richfield, 
 
 A. S. 
 
 113 25 
 
 312 25 
 
 160 25 
 18 
 
 100 28 
 
 80 35 
 
 160 30 
 
 40 36 
 
 120 29 
 
 160 30 
 
 141 33 
 
 6 18 
 
 316 31 
 
 162 29 
 
 220 32 
 
 120 20 
 
 120 22 
 
 22 
 
 4J 28 
 
 40 16 
 
 42 18 
 
 160 30 
 
 200 30 
 
 46 28 
 
 160 30 
 
 80 8 
 
 249 6 
 
 80 31 
 
 100 32 
 
 240 32 
 
 40 31 
 
 96 27 
 
 10 22 
 
 115 22 
 
 160 31 
 
 220 28 
 
 15 
 
 80 32 
 
 80 35 
 
 36 30 
 
 91 30 
 
 6 13 
 
 160 29 
 
 120 29 
 
 160 19 
 
 19
 
 696 
 
 HISTORY OF HENNEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 
 p. 0. 
 
 A. 
 
 s. 
 
 p. o. 
 
 A. 
 
 s. 
 
 Stewart, George, farmer, Richfield, 
 Slaven, Owen, farmer, ISIinneapolis, 
 Scott M. E. farmer, Minnehaha, 
 
 128 
 
 80 
 80 
 
 23 
 
 31 
 36 
 
 Hessbiu^, C. stock farm, Minneapolis, 
 Hilgedick, E. farm and dairy, 
 
 Minneapolis, 
 
 23 
 114 
 
 11 
 2 
 
 Schiinmel Aug. farmer 
 Schnessler, P. farmer, 
 
 Fort Snelling, 
 Riclifield, 
 
 73 
 160 
 
 31 
 
 7 
 
 Ingenhuett, W. farmer, Minneapolis, 
 Kampff, Louis, farmer, Minneapolis, 
 
 66 
 
 88 
 
 3 
 11 
 
 Smith, J. L. farmer. 
 
 Minneapolis, 
 
 
 14 
 
 Kletzin, M. F. gardener, Minneapolis, 
 
 30 
 
 12 
 
 Stansfield, J. farmer. 
 
 Minneapolis, 
 
 120 
 
 14 
 
 Lewis, U. laborer, ilinneapolis, 
 
 
 10 
 
 Tierney, James, farmer 
 
 •. Riclifield. 
 
 80 
 
 29 
 
 McCarty, O. farmer, Minneapolis, 
 
 10 
 
 12 
 
 Tracy C. Mrs. farmer, 
 Wilcox, H. K. farmer, 
 
 Minneapolis, 
 Richfield, 
 
 210 
 120 
 
 32 
 27 
 
 Moulton, T. farmer, Mimieapolis, 
 Moore, L. farmer, Minneapolis, 
 
 28 
 5 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 Wright, E. A. farmer, 
 
 Fort Snelling, 
 
 109 
 
 31 
 
 Moore, D. I), farmer, ^Minneapolis, 
 
 
 6 
 
 Wood, John, fiirmer. 
 Wilson, F. J. farmer, 
 Yancy, B. C. farmer, 
 
 :Minneapolis, 
 
 Richfield, 
 
 Mmneapolis, 
 
 80 
 125 
 
 68 
 
 5 
 
 28 
 28 
 
 O'Brien, Dennis, f "mer, Minneapolis, 
 Oberlies,John,carpenter,Minneapolis, 
 Nathan. M. farmer, IMinneapolis, 
 
 95 
 
 2 
 
 SO 
 
 11 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 ST. ANTHONY. 
 
 
 
 Parker, D. C. bookkpr. Jilinueapolis.] 
 Philbrook, R. B. farmer, Minneapolis, 
 
 96 
 
 6 
 
 Burg, Adam, farm and 
 
 nursery. 
 
 
 
 Phillips, N. O. farmer, Itlinneapolis, 
 
 76 
 
 6 
 
 Bohiyi. T. farmer. 
 
 Minneapolis, 
 Minneapolis, 
 
 26 
 40 
 
 3 
 
 18 
 
 Pierro, M. gardner, Minneapolis, 
 Smiley, A. farm and dairy. 
 
 20 
 
 11 
 
 Carlin, K. farmer, 
 Cooley, Edwm, farmer, 
 Costlo, John, farmer. 
 
 Minneapolis, 
 Minneapolis, 
 Minneapolis. 
 
 10 
 
 160 
 
 i 
 
 11 
 
 7 
 12 
 
 Minneapolis, 
 Swahn, J. G. potter, Minneapolis, 
 Swanson, C. J. brick manufactiu-er, 
 
 20 
 4 
 
 6 
 10 
 
 Estes, Charles, farmer, Minneapolis, 
 Enstis, E. S. farmer, Minneapolis, 
 Grindall, Olin, farmer. Minneapolis, 
 Grmdall, C. J. farmer and teamster. 
 
 229 
 247 
 
 80 
 
 
 
 30 
 
 1 
 
 Minneapolis. 
 Thiry, Frank, farmer, Minneapolis, 
 Upham, F, M. Fertilizing Company, 
 
 iliuneapolis. 
 
 160 
 
 6-7 
 
 Grotjam, W. farmer, 
 Gluek, G. brewer, 
 Grindall, C. B. farmer, 
 Grindall, Elijah, farmer 
 
 Minneapolis, 
 Minneapolis, 
 Minneapolis, 
 Minneapolis, 
 Minneapolis, 
 
 40 
 
 30 
 
 5 
 
 11 
 
 1 
 10 
 10 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 Weeks, A. II. mason and farmer, 
 
 Minneapolis, 
 White, L. 1). gardener, Minneapolis, 
 Wardsworth, G. G. far'r, Minneapolis, 
 
 35 
 
 5 
 
 20 
 
 12 
 12 
 
 11
 
 INDEX. 
 
 697 
 
 INDEX 
 
 EXPLOREES AND PIONEERS OV MINNESOTA. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Abraham, Plains of 1 
 
 Accault (Ako) Michael, compan- 
 ion of Hennepin. 10, 1-. 20, 2 1,24, 2fi 
 
 Described bv La Salle.. 18 
 
 Leader of Mississippi Explo- 
 rations lii 
 
 Aehiwnaca arrested by Perrot. . 12 
 Tried for ninrder before Du 
 
 Lnth 13 
 
 Dealb of H 
 
 Aioupz, see loways. 
 
 Ako, see Accanlt. 
 
 Albane', Jesnit missionary at 
 
 Sault ht Marie 11 
 
 Allonez, Jesnit missionary visits 
 
 La Pointe -1 
 
 At Lake NepiRon 4 
 
 Meels the Sionx at the ex- 
 tremity of Lake Superior: 4 
 
 Describes the Si"ux 4 
 
 Ames, M. E., early lawyer 122 
 
 Anderson, Captain in British ser- 
 vice 81 
 
 Anderson, trader under Dickson, 
 
 at Leech Lake 77 
 
 Andrews, Joseph, killed by Sis- 
 
 seton Sioux !*2 
 
 Aquipagnetin. Sioux chief men- 
 tioned bv Hennepin 21, 27 
 
 Assinehoines 2, 9, 23, 4.', 4(j, Co 
 
 Assinebciine River, called by the 
 
 French St. Charles 59 
 
 Au^elle, AnlliBiiy, alias Picard 
 du Gay, associate of Hennepin 
 
 10, 18, 2:', 24, 2R 
 Ayer, Frederick, missionary to 
 
 Ojibways 107 
 
 Ayoes, see loways. 
 
 Baker, B. F., Indian trader U2 
 
 Baillv, Alexis, drives cattle to 
 
 Pembina 93 
 
 MemUerof Legislature 93 
 
 Balcombe, St. A . D 127 
 
 Baldwin School, now Macalester 
 
 College, incorporated 12.5 
 
 Opened in June, 1853 125 
 
 Balfour, Cajitain 62 
 
 Bass, J. w., early settler at St. 
 
 Paul ' 116 
 
 Bear dance of the Sioux de- 
 scribed 83 
 
 Beanharnois, Governor, favors 
 
 Verendrye 68 
 
 Beaujeu, urged by Langlade of 
 
 Wisconsin, defeats Braddock.. 61 
 Bellin,Geographer,notices Ocha- 
 
 gachs' map 87 
 
 Alludes to Fort Rouge on Red 
 
 river 87 
 
 Fort on St. Croix River 112 
 
 Bellinzany, of "Paris" receives 
 specimens of Lake Superior 
 
 copper 
 
 Beltrami, G. C. notice of 93 
 
 Arrives at Fort Snelling 93 
 
 Accompanies Major Long — 94 
 Discovers northern sources 
 
 of the MissLssippi 94 
 
 Berthot, Co'.in, murdered at 
 
 Keweenaw 
 
 Bishop, Harriet E., establishes 
 
 school in St. Paul 114 
 
 Black River, called Chabadeba.. 18 
 Blue Earth River explored ...4.5, 47 
 
 Supposed mines at 47 
 
 Fort on 47 
 
 li'Evaque visits S 
 
 PAGE 1 TO 128. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Boal, J. M., early settler at St. 
 
 Paul 116, 118 
 
 Bobe, exposes La Hontan's mis- 
 statements 36 
 
 Bottineau, J. B., exposed in a 
 
 snowstorm 102 
 
 Boi.sgnillot, early traderon Wis- 
 consin and Mississippi 32 
 
 Boucher. Mane, moiher of Ver- 
 endrye. 58 
 
 Boucher, Pierre, described Lake 
 
 Superior copper mines 7 
 
 Father of Sieur de Le Per- 
 
 riere 51 
 
 Bouclierville, officer at Lake 
 
 Pepin 53 
 
 " "■ 54 
 
 54 
 48 
 49 
 
 Goods furnished to Indian: 
 
 Captured bv Indians 
 
 Boudor, trades with the Sioux... 
 
 Attacked by the Foxes 
 
 Bougaiuville, mentions Indian 
 
 tribesseenby Verendrve 60 
 
 Boutwell, Rev. W. T., Ojibway 
 
 missionary 106.113 
 
 Removes to Stillwater Ill 
 
 Js'oiice of Stillwater 114 
 
 Kiaddock's defeat 61 
 
 Bradley, one of Pike's cornorals 76 
 Bremer. I'redricka. Swedish nov- 
 elist in Minnesota 122 
 
 Brisbin, J.B . 127 
 
 Brisbois, Lieut, in British service 81 
 
 Brissette, Edwaril, no ice of 114 
 
 Brown, Joseph R., drummer boy 
 
 at Fnrt Snelling 95 
 
 Trading post at Lake Trav- 
 
 er.se 102 
 
 Keeps a grog shop for .soldiers 1U3 
 
 At Grey Cloud Island 113 
 
 Member of Wisconsin Legis- 
 lature 113 
 
 Makes a town site near Still- 
 water 113 
 
 Secretary of Couneil. 1849.... 119 
 
 Bruce, trader at Green Bay 63 
 
 Brunson, Rev. A., Methodist 
 
 Missionary HI, 113 
 
 Brunson. H. W. 119 
 
 Brusky, Charles, Indian trader.. 77 
 Bulger, Capt., surrenders Fort 
 
 McKav 81 
 
 Buhver. Sir K. L., translation of 
 
 Sioux Death Song 67 
 
 Cadillac, La Motte,on route to the 
 
 Pacilic ?6 
 
 In Command at Detroit 4S 
 
 Alludes to Le Sueur 48 
 
 Alludes to Boudor's expedi- 
 tion 48 
 
 On the selling of brandy to 
 
 Indians 16 
 
 Cameron. Murdock, sells liquor 
 
 to Indians 74 
 
 Campbell. Colin, interpreter 92 
 
 Carver's Cave mentioned... 66, 78, 84 
 Carver, Capt. Jonathan, early life 
 
 of...... 61 
 
 In battle of Lake George 64 
 
 An ival at Mackinaw 61 
 
 Describes the fort at Green 
 
 Bay 64 
 
 Visits Winnebago Village.... 64 
 
 Visits Fox Village 64 
 
 Describes I'rairie du Chieii... 64 
 Describes earth works at Lake 
 
 Pepin 65 
 
 Describes cave atSt. Paul.... 66 
 
 OK 
 
 66 
 66 
 67 
 67 
 67 
 
 Describes.Falls of St..\ntliony 
 Describes .Minnesota river... 
 
 Descri bes funeral rites 
 
 Reports speech of Sioux chief 
 Speech versified by Schiller.. 
 Translation by Bulwer and 
 
 Heischell 67, 68 
 
 His al.eged deed for Sioux 
 
 land 70 
 
 U. S. Senate rejects his claims 70 
 Grandsonsof, visit Minnesota 82 
 
 Caumonl, Sieur de 32 
 
 Cnagonamikon visited by Grosel- 
 
 liers and Radissou 2 
 
 Charlevoix on La Hontan's fabri- 
 cations 36 
 
 On Le Sueur's mining opera- 
 tions 45 
 
 Chatfleld, A.G., Territorial Judge 125 
 (U)ippewa\,Iiuiians,see Ojibways 
 Chouart, Medaril, see Grosellters 
 Chrisliiiaux menlioned ... .43, 44 
 Clark, Lt. Natlian, at Fort Snell- 
 ing 90 
 
 Letters from Geii. Gibson — (4 
 
 Arrests Sionx 98 
 
 Coe, Rev..\lvan, visits Fort Snell- 
 ing in 1829 100 
 
 Constans, William 121 
 
 Convention to form a State Con- 
 stitution 128 
 
 Cooper, David, Territorial Judge. 118 
 Copp-'r mines of Lake Superior, 
 
 Early Notice of 7 
 
 A. D 16 described by Sagard 7 
 A.D.I64 described byBoucher 7 
 
 Of Isie lioyal 7 
 
 OfOutanagcm 7 
 
 Copper sent to Bellinzany, in 
 
 raris 7 
 
 Copper mines spoken of by Talon, 
 
 A. D. 1669 7 
 
 Coqu id. Father, accompanies 
 
 Verenarye 60 
 
 Mentions Rocky Mountain 
 
 Indians 60 
 
 Eulogy of St. Pierre 61 
 
 Cratte, Ol'iver 102 
 
 Dakotahs or Dahkotahs, see 
 
 Sioux 
 
 D'Avagour, Governor of Canada, 
 
 opinion of the region 
 
 West of Lake ^5Upelior 1 
 
 Day, Dr. David 124 
 
 De Corbiere, Lieut, at Lake 
 
 Champlain 62 
 
 De Gonor, Jesuit, visits Lake 
 
 Pepin 51, 58 
 
 Returns to Canada 54 
 
 Converses witli Verendrye... 58 
 De la Bane, Governor, notices 
 
 Du Luth II 
 
 Sends Perrot to the Sionx — 29 
 De la Jemerave, see Jemeraye.. 
 De la Tour, .lesuits missionary.. 13 
 Ue la Tourette, Greysolon, broth- 
 er of Du Luth 10 
 
 De Lignery, see Lignery 
 
 De I^usignan, visits the Sioux.... 75 
 Denis, Canadian voyageur, joins 
 
 Le Sueur 42 
 
 Denonville, Governor, attacks 
 
 Senecas 15 
 
 Orders Duluth to build a Fort 16 
 
 Sends for w. stern allies 30 
 
 Commissions Du Luth 32
 
 698 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Denton, Rev. D., mission;iry to 
 
 Sioux Ill 
 
 D'Kspiit. Pierre, see Kadisson. .. 
 D'Evaiiue, in cliaige of Fort 
 
 L'Hiiillier 48 
 
 Alianilons the Fort 48 
 
 Devotion. M., sutler at Fort 
 
 Snelilni;... 91 
 
 D'lberville, Gov., criticises Hen- 
 nepin 28 
 
 ilelative of Le Sueur 39 
 
 Wemorial on tribes of the 
 
 iMississippi 45, 4G 
 
 Diesliau. Baron 61 
 
 Dickson, Col. Robert, visits l.t. 
 
 Pike 77 
 
 'I'lMilini; post at Grand Rapids 78 
 
 At Mendota "< 
 
 Durina: war of 1812 80, 81 
 
 At t.alve Traverse 8a 
 
 At Kort Snellinu OX, ac 
 
 William, son of Robert ii(i 
 
 Du Clesnean, intendant of Can- 
 ada, complains of Dniulh 11 
 
 Du Lntli, Daniel Grevsolon, early 
 
 lile ol ". ... 9 
 
 Various spellings of his name 9 
 Plants Kings Arms at Mille 
 
 Lacs 9 
 
 Establishes a Fort at Kaman- 
 
 istigo.\a !) 
 
 Decends theSt.Croi- river II, 1)2 
 Sends beaver skins to New 
 
 England 11 
 
 Attends a conference at Que- 
 bec 11 
 
 Visits France 11 
 
 Returns to Mackinaw 11 
 
 Arrests anil executes Indians 
 
 at Sault St. I\Iarie 11 
 
 Censured by Louis XIV 14 
 
 Brings allies to Niagara, for 
 
 De la Harie 15 
 
 Establishes a Fort on Lake 
 
 Erie 15 
 
 In battle with the Senecas. . . 15 
 Returns to Lake Erie with 
 
 his cousin Tontv IG 
 
 Brother of, from Lake Nepi- 
 
 gon 10 
 
 Disapproves of selling bran- 
 dy to Indians IC 
 
 In conmiaud at Fort Frou- 
 
 tenac 16 
 
 Afflicted with the gout. 17 
 
 Death of 17 
 
 At Falls of St. Anthony. ..18, 26 
 
 Meets Hennepin 25 
 
 Tribute to 27 
 
 His tcuir from Lake Superior 
 
 to Mississippi 112 
 
 Meets Accault and Hennepin 1 12 
 Protects F'renchmeu from 
 
 Illinois 112 
 
 Du Pay, a voyageur 10 
 
 Durantaye, commander at Mac- 
 kinaw 33 
 
 At Ticonderoga 62 
 
 At Niagara l.'i 
 
 Ely, E. ¥., missionary teacher. ... 110 
 Emerson, surgeon at Fort Snell- 
 
 ing. complains of grocgeries.. . 103 
 Enjalran, Jesuit missionary at 
 
 Saidt St. Marie 11 13 
 
 Wounded in flght with Sene- 
 cas 15 
 
 English at Hudson Bay lo 
 
 Etienne. Claude, widow of 1 
 
 FaHart.interpretei tor DuLuth. lu 
 
 Visits the Sionx U 
 
 Descends the St. ijroix River. 1 1 
 At Falls of Saint Anthony... 18 
 
 Meets Hennepin 25 
 
 Falls of Saint Anthony, First 
 
 white man at 25 
 
 First mill at 93 94 
 
 Described by La Salle 19 
 
 Described by Hennepin. 24, 2.5 26 
 Described by Lt.Z.M.l"ike,75, 76 
 Describedby Major Long ... So 
 
 Women drawn over 99 
 
 First newspaper at f>3 
 
 Bndjre. First across Missis- 
 sippi 126 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Fiiewoiks at Fort Beauharnois. 52 
 
 Fisher, trader at Green Bav 63 
 
 Fitch, pioneer in St.Crnix Vallev, 112 
 Flat Month. Ojibwav Chief, visits 
 
 Fort Snelling A. D. 1827 97 
 
 His party attacked by Sioux. 98 
 
 (iratifies his vengeance 99 
 
 Referred to bv Nicollet 102 
 
 Foi'syth, Major Thomas, accom- 
 panies first troops to Fort 
 
 Snelling 91 
 
 Pays Indians for reservation. 91 
 Fort Beauharnois established, A. 
 
 D. 1727, at Lake Pepin 51 52 
 
 Fireworks displayed at 5.') 
 
 High water at 53, 55 
 
 Commanded bv St. Pierre, 56, .57 
 
 Fort Crawford....' 100 
 
 La Reine, on rivtr Assine- 
 
 boine 33, 
 
 Le Sueur, below Hastings. 
 L'Hinllier.on BlueEarth river 
 
 Built by Le Sueur 
 
 Left in charge of D'Evaque 
 
 Maurepas 
 
 McKay 
 
 Perrot, at Lake Pepin 
 
 Konge, of Ked River 
 
 Shelby.at Prairie duChien ,80, 
 Fort Snelling, site secnrd by Lt. 
 
 Pike 
 
 Major Long's opinion 
 
 Order to establish the post. .. 
 Troops for.at Prairie du Chien 
 Birth of Charlotte Ouisconsiu 
 
 Clark 
 
 Events of A. D 1819 
 
 Major Forsyth pays Sioux for 
 
 reservation 91 
 
 Col. Leavenworth arrives at 
 
 Mendota 
 
 First ollicers at cantonment.. 
 
 Red River men arrive at 
 
 Events of A. D. 1820 
 
 Major Taliaferro, Indian 
 
 a^ent at 
 
 Troops at Camp Cold Water . 
 Cass and Schoolcraft visits.. 
 Col. Snelling succeeds Leav- 
 enworth 92 
 
 Ofhcers at, October, 1820 92 
 
 Impressive scene at 93 
 
 Events of A. D. 1821 93 
 
 Advance in building 93 
 
 Events of A. D. 1822, A. D.I823 91 
 
 First steamboat- at 93 
 
 Beltrami, the Italian, at. ..93, 94 
 Major S. H. Long arrives at.. 94 
 
 Government mill near 94 
 
 Sunday School at 94 
 
 Eventsof A.D. 1824 95 
 
 General Scott, suggests name 
 
 for fort 95 
 
 Events of A. D. 1825, and 1826, 96 
 
 Mail, arrival at 96 
 
 Sioux woman kills herself.... 
 Great snow storm, March. 1826 
 High watei at. April 21, 1826. 
 Slaves belonging to ofticers.at 
 Steamboat arrivals to close of 
 
 1826 
 
 Duels at 
 
 General Gaines censures Col- 
 onel of 97 
 
 Events of A. D. 1827 98 
 
 F'lat Mouth. Ojibway chief, 
 
 visits in 1827 98 
 
 Attacked by Sionx 98 
 
 Soldieis arrest Sionx 99 
 
 Colonel Snelling deliversmur- 
 
 deiers for execution 
 
 Coustrticiion of, criticised by 
 
 (ieneral Gaines 
 
 Rev. Alva Coe in 1829 preach 
 
 es at „„ 
 
 Health of troops at 101 
 
 Desertion at loi 
 
 J. N. Nicollet arrives at, ... . 102 
 
 Marriages at 102, 10s, 120 
 
 Siouxand Ojibwaysflglit near 103 
 Annoyed by whisky sellers.. 103 
 Presbyterian church at 108 
 
 87 
 37 
 43 
 43 
 47 
 58 
 81 
 29 
 87 
 81 
 
 75 
 88 
 90 
 90 
 
 90 
 91 
 
 91 
 91 
 91 
 91 
 
 91 
 91 
 92 
 
 96 
 96 
 
 97 
 
 97 
 97 
 
 99 
 100 
 
 106 
 
 PAGE 
 Steamer Palmyra at, in .Tuly, 
 1838. with notice of ratifica- 
 tion of Indian treaties 112 
 
 Indian council held at by 
 
 Governor Ramsey 121 
 
 Fort St. Anthony, now'Snelling.. 95 
 St. Cliarles. on Lake of the 
 
 Woods 58 
 
 St. .loseph on Lake Erie, es- 
 tablished by Du Luth 16 
 
 St. Pierre, on Rainy Lake 58 
 
 Foxes attempt to Pillage Fort 
 
 Perrot 30 
 
 Interview with Perrot 31 
 
 Mentioned. 33. 37, 38, 48, 46, .54, 55 
 Attack French at Blue Earth 
 
 River 48 
 
 Surrender to Louvigny 60 
 
 Visited bv Guignas 52 
 
 Franklin, Sir.Iohn, relics of, pass 
 
 through St. Paul 126 
 
 Frontenac. Governor of Canada. 10 
 
 Friend of Dninth 11 
 
 Leiter to by Cadillac 16 
 
 Expedition against the Onei- 
 
 das 16 
 
 Encourages Le Sueur 39 
 
 Forbids trading with the 
 
 Sioux 49 
 
 Frazer, trader 78 
 
 Enters the Britisli service ... 80 
 Fuller. Jerome, Territorial Chief 
 
 JiLStice 123 
 
 Fuiber, J. W. 127 
 
 Galissoniere, Governor of Cana- 
 da, notice of 69 
 
 Galtier. Rev. L., builds first 
 
 chapel in St. Paul 114 
 
 Gavui, Rev. Daniel, missionary., in 
 Gibson, General, letters relative 
 
 to St. Anthony mill 94 
 
 Gillam, Capt.Zachary of Boston 
 accompanied by Groselliers 
 and Radi.sson sails for Hudson's 
 
 Bay in ship Nonesuch 5 
 
 Goodhue, James M., first Minne- 
 sota editor 117 
 
 Death of 124 
 
 Goodrich, Aaion, Territorial 
 
 Judge 118 
 
 Removal of 123 
 
 Gorman, Willis A. Governor.... 125 
 
 Gorrell.Lieut. at Green Bav 62 
 
 Graham, Duncan, in British ser- 
 vice 81 
 
 Ar-rivesat Foit Snelling lOO 
 
 Jane, daughter of Duncan 
 
 married 102 
 
 Grant, trader at Sandy Lake vis- 
 ited by Pike 77 
 
 Gravier, Father James, criticises 
 
 Hennepin 28 
 
 Greeley. Elam 109 
 
 Griffin, La Salle's ship 10 
 
 Voyage 10 Green Bay 19 
 
 Crew pillage and desert to 
 
 ti e Sioux 10 
 
 Grignon, Captain in British ser- 
 vice 78, 81 
 
 Groselliers, Sieur, early life,...l, 6 
 
 Marriage 1 
 
 Son of 2, 6 
 
 Second marriage 2 
 
 Visits Mille Lacs region 2 
 
 Is told of the Mississippi... . 2 
 
 Meets the Assineboines 2 
 
 Returns to Montreal in 1660.. 2 
 Second visit to Lake Superior 2 
 
 Visits Hudsons Bay 4 
 
 Name given to what is now 
 
 Pigeon River 5 
 
 Visits New England 6 
 
 Paris 5 
 
 London 5 
 
 Flnconraged by Prince Rupert 5 
 Sails for Hudson's Bay witli 
 
 a Boston sea captain 5 
 
 Referred to by Talon 6 
 
 Death of 6 
 
 Guignas, Father, missionary at 
 
 F'ort Beauliarnois 51 
 
 Describes journey to Lake 
 
 Pepin 52 
 
 Fort Beauharnois 63
 
 INDEX. 
 
 699 
 
 Guignas, Father, page 
 
 Captured bv Indians 54 
 
 Nearly burned alive 55 
 
 Ketiiriis to Lake Pepin 56- 
 
 Gnn, grandson of Carver 82 
 
 Hainault. Elizabeth 2 
 
 Madeline 2 
 
 Hall, Kev. Sherman Ojibway 
 
 missionary 1U7 
 
 Moves to Sauk Rapids Ill 
 
 Havner, H. Z., Chief Justice of 
 
 Territory 124 
 
 Hempstead accompanies Major 
 
 Long, A. D. 1817 82 
 
 Hennepin Louis, Franciscan mis- 
 sionary, earlv life of If) 
 
 Date or his first book 18, 19 
 
 Cnlii'isni (if first book 19 
 
 Di-preeiiites .lesnits 18 
 
 Mcels a Siinix war party 19 
 
 At the marsh below Saint 
 
 Paul 19,20 22 
 
 At Falls of St. Anthony 
 
 16,22,24, 25 
 
 Denounced bv La Salle 19 
 
 Chaplain of La Salle 20 
 
 Kis false map 20 
 
 At Lake I'epin 22 
 
 Mak' s a dictionary 23 
 
 Baptizes an infant 23 
 
 Met by Du Luth 25 
 
 Career on return to Europe.. 25 
 His first and second book 
 
 compared 26 
 
 Replies to objectors 27 
 
 Critic-isecl by D'lberville 28 
 
 Criii.Mseil by Father Gravier 28 
 
 His later da\s 28 
 
 Opinion of Jesuit Missions. .. 106 
 
 HennissC. J editor 122 
 
 Her,schell. Sir John, translates 
 
 Schiller's song of Si mx Chief.. 68 
 Historical Society, first public 
 
 meeting 119 
 
 Hobart, Kev.C 119 
 
 Holcomb.Capt. William 110 
 
 Hole-in-the-Day. the father, at- 
 tacks the Sioux 103 
 
 Visits Fort Snellingin 1828... 103 
 
 Attacked hv Sioux .. 103 
 
 Visits FortSnel'ing in 1839... 103 
 
 Pursueil bv the Sioux 103 
 
 Hole-in-the-Day, Junior, attacks 
 
 Sioux near St Paul 121 
 
 On flr.st steamboat above 
 
 Falls of St. Anth..ny 121 
 
 Howe, earlv settler at Marine. . . 113 
 Hud.son's Bay visited^by Grosell- 
 
 iei's 4, 5 
 
 By Radisson 5 
 
 By Capt. Zachary Gillam 5 
 
 Hugg'ins, Alexander, mission far- 
 
 nfer.. 107 
 
 Hurons driven to Minnesota 2 
 
 Dwell with lowavs 2 
 
 Live on Isle of the Mississippi 2 
 Remove to sources of Black 
 
 River 2 
 
 Unite with O^tawas at La 
 
 Pointe 4 
 
 At War with the Sioux 4 
 
 Disastrous defeat 4 
 
 Retreat to Mackinaw 4 
 
 Indiana Territory, organized ... 73 
 Indians of Mississippi Valley, 
 earliest cinnmunication about. 46 
 Upper Missouri, seeu by Ver- 
 
 eiKlrye 00 
 
 Minnesota 104 
 
 loways, visited by Hurons 2 
 
 Visit Perroi at Lake Pepin. . 29 
 
 Mentioned 39, 42,43,44, 45 
 
 Iroquois, Virgin, her interces- 
 sion sought bv Dn Luth 17 
 
 Isle, Pelee, of the Mississippi be- 
 low St. Croix River 37 
 
 Isle Royal, copper in 1667, noticed 7 
 
 Itasca, orii;in of word 107 
 
 Jackson, Henry, early settler iu 
 
 St. Paul 114, 115 
 
 Jemeraje, Sieur de la, witli the 
 
 Sioux 56 
 
 Nephew of Verendrye 58 
 
 Explores to Rainy Lake... 68, 59 
 Prepares a map 58 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Death of .59 
 
 Jesuit. Father Allouez 4 
 
 ('hardon .52 
 
 De donor 51 
 
 De la Chasse 51 
 
 GuigUils 51,54,55, 50 
 
 (iuvnnineau 51 
 
 Maripiette 5 
 
 Menai-d 2, 3 
 
 Messayer 58 
 
 Jesuit missions unsuccessful. ... 106 
 Jesuit missionaries promised the 
 
 Sioux 51 
 
 Johnson, Parsons K 119 
 
 Joufiuiere, Governor of Canada. 60 
 
 Fort established 60 
 
 Juchereau at the mouth of the 
 
 Wisconsin 48 
 
 Conciliates the Foxes 49 
 
 Judd, early seitler at Marine . . 113 
 Kalm, Professor, notices Veren- 
 drye 59 
 
 Kaposia Chief requests a mis- 
 sionary 114 
 
 Keel boats from Fort Snelling 
 
 attacked 99, 100 
 
 Kennerman, Pike's sei'geant 76 
 
 Kertk, see Kirk 
 
 Kickapoos, at Fort Perrot 30 
 
 Mention of 40,46,54, 56 
 
 Capture French from Lake 
 
 Pepin 54 
 
 King, grandson of Carver 82 
 
 Kirk. Sir David Kirk, brother-in 
 
 law of Radisson 1 
 
 Lac Vienx Desert 3 
 
 La Hontan. his early life 35 
 
 Book of travels 35 
 
 Arrives at Fort St. Joseph, on 
 
 Lake Erie 35 
 
 Ascent of the Fox River 35 
 
 Descends the\VisC(Uisin River 35 
 Alleged voyage of the Long 
 
 River 36 
 
 Pronoimced a fabrication, in 
 
 1716, bvBobe 36 
 
 Critii'ise'd b/ Charlevoix 36 
 
 Noticed bv Nicollet 36 
 
 Laidlow travels from Selkirk set- 
 tlement to Prairie duChien — 91 
 ijiings wheat by boat to Pem- 
 bina 91 
 
 At Fort Snelling 33 
 
 Lac qui Parle mission 109 
 
 Lake Calhoun, Indian farm es- 
 
 tahli-hed 106 
 
 Lake Harriet, mission described 109 
 Lake i'epin, called Lake of Tears 
 
 Described in A. D. 1700 41 
 
 Fort Perrot at 29 
 
 Fint Beauharnois at 53 
 
 Lake of the Oitawas 3 
 
 Lake Pokeguma Mission 109 
 
 Battleat 109 
 
 La Monde, a voyageur 10 
 
 l^anilsing, trader, killed 63 
 
 Lambert, David, early settler in 
 
 St. Paul lis 
 
 Lambert. Henry A,, early settler 
 
 in St. Paul 119 
 
 LiiiKlade, of Green Bay, urges 
 
 attack of Braddock 61 
 
 Near Lake George 62 
 
 La Pen iere, Sieur de, proceeds to 
 
 Sioux country 31 
 
 Son of Pierre Boucher 51 
 
 Arrives at Lake Pepin 62 
 
 Builds Fort Beauharnois.. .. 62 
 His brother. Montbrun, cap- 
 tured by Indians 53 
 
 La Place,a French deserter killed 
 
 bv the Sioux 42 
 
 La Porte, see Louvigiiy. 
 La Potherie describes Fort Per- 
 rot, at Lake Pepin 29 
 
 Larnenieur, A., early settler at 
 
 St. Paul ,---\:-y ""^ 
 
 La Salle licensed to trade in buf- 
 falo robes 10 
 
 Builds ship Griffin 10 
 
 His crew desert 10 
 
 Criticises Du Lutli 10, 18 
 
 His Pilot attempts to join Du- 
 
 Luth 10 
 
 PAGE 
 
 First to describe Upper Mis- 
 sissippi 18 
 
 Describes Falls of Saint An- 
 thony 19 
 
 Poor opinion of Hennepin 19 
 
 La Taupine, see Moreau. 
 Laurence, Phineas, pioneer in St, 
 
 Croix Valley 113 
 
 Leach, Calvin, a founder of Still- 
 water 113 
 
 Lead mines on Mississippi 33 
 
 Described by Penicaut 34 
 
 Leavenworth, Colonel, establish- 
 es Fort Snelling 90 
 
 Arrival at Mendota 91 
 
 Changes his cantonmeut.... 91 
 
 Relieved by Snelling 92 
 
 Le Due, Philip, robbed near nor- 
 thern bnundaryof Minnesota.. 61 
 Legardeur, Augustine, associate 
 
 of Perrot 32 
 
 See St. Pierre. 
 Legislitnre, First Territorial, 
 
 liieets Jan., 1849, officers of 119 
 
 Second Territorial, meets 
 
 Jan.. 18,50. officers of 122 
 
 Third Territorial, meets Jan., 
 
 1852, officers of 124 
 
 Foui th Territorial,meets Jan. 
 
 1853. officers of 124 
 
 Filth Territorial, meets Jan., 
 
 18.54 officers of 128 
 
 Sixth Teriitiuial, meets Jan., 
 
 1855. officers of 126 
 
 Seven' h Territorial, meets 
 
 Jan., 18i6. officers of 127 
 
 Eighlh Territorial, meets 
 
 Jan., 1867, officers of 127 
 
 Special Territorial, 1857 127 
 
 First State 128 
 
 Leslie. Lt., command at Macki- 
 naw 62 
 
 L'Huillier, Fort, why n.amed — 43 
 Le Maire, Jacques, killed by In- 
 dians 11 
 
 Le Sueur, associated with Perrot 32 
 
 builds a Fort below Hastings 32 
 
 A relative of D'lberville ..37, 39 
 At Lake Pepin iu 1683 and 
 
 16K9 37, 40 
 
 At La Pointe of Lake Super- 
 ior, 1692 -.... 37 
 
 Builds a Post below Hastings 37 
 Brings first Sioux chief to 
 
 Montreal 37, 83 
 
 Visits France 38 
 
 Encouraged bv Frontenac... 39 
 
 Arrives in Gulf of Mexico... ^9 
 
 Asceodsihe Mississippi 39 
 
 Passes Perr.a's lead mines... 40 
 
 Meets deslitnte Canadians... 40 
 
 At the Kiver St. Croix 42 
 
 Builds Fort LHiiillier 43 
 
 Holds a council with the 
 
 Sioux 44 
 
 Returns to Gulf o-f Mexico 45, 74 
 Sails with D'lberville to 
 
 France 45, 74 
 
 wibhey, Washington, pioneer at 
 
 St. Croix Falls 113 
 
 Lignerv, commands at Mackinaw 50 
 
 At Fort Duquesue 61 
 
 Liuctot, commander at Macki- 
 naw 51 
 
 Pursues th-- Foxes 5J 
 
 Little Crow, Sioux chief goes in 
 
 1824 to Washington 95 
 
 Long, Major Stephen H., tour to 
 
 Falls of St. Anthony, A. D 1817 82 
 
 At Wapashaw village 82 
 
 Describes Sioux bear dance.. 83 
 
 Burial place 83 
 
 Kaposia village '■S 
 
 Carver's cave 84 
 
 Fountain ciive 84 
 
 St. Anthony Falls 85 
 
 Opinion of the site of Fort 
 
 Snelling •■•;,.■ r ^ 
 
 Arrives at Fort Snelling, A. 
 
 D. 1823 ■ • 91 
 
 Loomis, Capt. Gustavus A., U. 
 
 y \ 108 
 
 Eliza marries Lieut. Ogden.. lOi
 
 700 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 PAGE 
 Loomis. D. B.,early settler of 
 
 St. Croix Valley 122 
 
 Loras, Bishop o£ Dubuque 109 
 
 Louisiana, transfer of 73 
 
 Loiiviu:nY. Sieur de, escorted to 
 
 Mackinaw bv Perrot 33, 50 
 
 His reception as commander 33 
 
 K^callcd 50 
 
 Ex)iedition against tlie Foxes 50 
 T.owrv, Svlvanus. earlv settler.. 127 
 
 Macalesler College . .". 125 
 
 Macl<iiia\v re-occupied 50 
 
 Surrendered by Americans.. 80 
 
 Preslivlerian riiissinn at 106 
 
 Rev. Dr. Jlorse visits 106 
 
 Robert Stuart resides at... . 106 
 Rev. W. .M. Ferry, missionary 
 
 at 106 
 
 Alalia" mentioned, 44,45,46, 55 
 
 Manrtaiis mentioned 46 
 
 MMgiiinis makes a claim at St. 
 
 (_'n>i\ Falls 112 
 
 Jlap bv Franciuelin indicates Du 
 
 Luth's explorations 9 
 
 Tlie Indian Ochagach 87 
 
 De Ih .lemeraye 87 
 
 Verenrtrv e 87 
 
 Marest. James Joseph. Jesuit 
 missionary, signs the piipers 
 taking possession of the Upper 
 
 Mississippi 38 
 
 Letter til Le Sueur 38 
 
 Commends Louvigny 50 
 
 Opinion of the Moux 61 
 
 Marin, Lanianiue de, French 
 
 oflicer 00 
 
 In command at Green Bay... 61 
 I,t. .Marin attacks English .. 62 
 
 Marine, earl\ •settlers at 1!2 
 
 Marriages at Fort Snelling 
 
 102, 108, no 
 Marshall, Hon. W. K.. mentioned, 
 
 115. 126 
 Marciuelte. Jesuit missionary at 
 
 La Piiinte . 4 
 
 Man in. Abraham, pilot 1 
 
 Ma>koutens mentioned 37 
 
 At Fort Perrot. 30 
 
 Massacre Island. Lake of the 
 
 Woods, origin of tlie name 59 
 
 MeCiiilis. Hugh. N. W.Co. Agent, 
 
 Leech Lake — 78 
 
 McOrpgor, English trader, ar- 
 rested 15 
 
 McKay, trader fnun Albany 63 
 
 Lt. Col. William, attacks 
 
 Prairie du Chien 81 
 
 JIcKean, Elias, a founder of Still- 
 
 w.ater lis 
 
 McKenzie, old trader 87 
 
 McKusiek, J. a founder of Still- 
 water 113 
 
 McLean. Nathaniel, editor 119 
 
 McLeiid, Maitin, exposed tosnow 
 
 storm 102 
 
 Speaker of council in 1853 124 
 
 Menard Kene, Jesuit missionary 
 
 letter of 2 
 
 Among the Ottawa-sof Lake 
 
 Superior 3 
 
 Attempted visit to Hurons, in 
 
 Wisconsin 3 
 
 Lost in the marshes or killed 3 
 Said to have been on the Mis- 
 sissippi before Joliet and 
 
 Maripiette 3 
 
 Medary, Governor, Samuel 127 
 
 Meeker, B. B., Territorial Judge, 
 
 118, 119 
 Messaver, Father, accompanies 
 
 the Verendrye expedition 58 
 
 Miami Indians visited by Perrnt. 30 
 Ask for a trading post on Mis- 
 sissippi 33 
 
 Mention of 38,46, 44 
 
 Mill, tir.st in Minnesota 93, 98 
 
 Milie Lacs Sioux visited by Du 
 
 lAith 9 
 
 Hennepin 22 
 
 Minnesota, meaning of the word 116 
 
 River, first steamboat in 122 
 
 Historical Society 119 
 
 Territory, proposed bounda- 
 ries 115 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Remonstrance against 115 
 
 Vaiious names proposed 115 
 
 Convention at Stillwater 115 
 
 ■When org.anized 117 
 
 First election 118 
 
 First Legislature 118 
 
 Fir.st counties organized 119 
 
 Seal of 120 
 
 Recognized as a State 128 
 
 Mitcliell, Alexander M., U. S. 
 
 Marslial 118 
 
 Caiulidate for Congress 125 
 
 Missions. Jesuit 5, 16, 106 
 
 Mission Stations, Mackinaw 106 
 
 La Poiute 107 
 
 Leech Lake 107 
 
 Yellow Lake 107 
 
 Lake Harriet 108 
 
 Lac-i|Ui parle 109, 111 
 
 Pokegiima 109 
 
 Kaposia Ill 
 
 Traverse de Sioux Ill 
 
 Sliakpav Ill 
 
 Oak Grove Ill 
 
 Red Wing Ill 
 
 Missionaries, Rev. Alvan Coe, 
 
 visits Fori Snelling 107 
 
 Frederick Aver 107 
 
 W. T. Binitwell 107 
 
 E. F. Elv.iteacher) 109 
 
 Mr. Denton Ill 
 
 Sherman Hall 107 
 
 Daniel Gavin Ill 
 
 Joim F. Ait<in Ill 
 
 Robert Hopkins Ill 
 
 Gideon H. Poii 107 
 
 Sainue W Pond 107 
 
 J.W.Hancock Ill 
 
 J. I). Stevens 107 
 
 S. 1!. Riggs Ill 
 
 T. S. Williamson M. D 107 
 
 M. N. .\danis. - Ill 
 
 Montbrun. in returning from 
 
 Lake Pejiiii. captured 53 
 
 Mniitcalm. Marquis, dispatch to 
 
 Vaudreuil 62 
 
 Montgoniery, General. death of. 1 
 Moreau. Pierre, with Du Luth at 
 
 Lake Superior 9 
 
 Arie^ted 10 
 
 Mnrri'On, William, old trader 7 •, 87 
 M"ss. Henry L., U. S. District 
 
 Attorney 118 
 
 Kadowavsinnx. see Sio\ix 
 
 Negro woman found dead near 
 
 Kaposia 113 
 
 Nepigiin. Like. Verendrve at ... 87 
 Neill, Rev. Edward D.'. olfers 
 praver at opening of first legis- 
 lature 119 
 
 Delivei's opening address of 
 
 Historical Society 119 
 
 Newspaper first in St.Paul, the 
 
 Pioneer 117, 118 
 
 Minnesota Register 118 
 
 Minnesota Chronicle lis 
 
 Chronicle and Register 118 
 
 Carriers Address 119 
 
 DahkotaU Friend 122 
 
 Minnesota Democrat 122 
 
 St. Anthony Express 123 
 
 Nicolet. Jean, first white trader 
 
 in Wisconsin 1 
 
 Nicollet. J. N., astronomer and 
 
 geologist 102 
 
 Letterfrom St..\nthony F'alls 102 
 Niverville. Boucher de, at Lake 
 
 Winnipeg 60 
 
 Norris, J. S 126 
 
 North, J. W 122, 128 
 
 Nortiiwes company trading 
 
 posts 73 
 
 Description of buildings 73 
 
 Territory divided .". 73 
 
 None, Robertal de la, re-occu- 
 pies Du Luth's Post at the head 
 
 of Lake Superior 50 
 
 Ochanaclis, draws a nap for Ve- 
 rendrye 58 
 
 Mentioned by thegeographer 
 
 Bellin 
 
 Ojibways or Chtppeways... 30,31, 37 
 Captive girls ; 31, 32 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Chief of, with Le Sueur at 
 
 Montreal 37 
 
 In council with Sioux 94 
 
 Killed near Fort Snelling, A. 
 
 D., ISL'6 97 
 
 Visit Fort, A. D., 1827 
 
 Treachery of 103 
 
 Conflict with Sioux near Fort 
 
 Spelling 103 
 
 Early residence of 105 
 
 Sioiix name for 105 
 
 Principal villages of 105 
 
 Of Lake Pokeguma attacked 110 
 
 Att.TCk at Kaposia Siou.x 111 
 
 Treaty of 1837 ... 112 
 
 Attack Sioux near St, Paul... 121 
 Passengers on first steam- 
 boat above Falls of Saint 
 
 Anthony 121 
 
 Attack Sioux in St. Paul streets 125 
 Kill a Sioux gir. in a farm 
 
 house . 127 
 
 Oliver, Lieut. U. S, A., detained 
 
 by ice at Hastings 91 
 
 Olmsiead.S.B 126 
 
 Olmsied, David, President of 
 
 first council 119 
 
 C.mdidate for Congress 122 
 
 Editor of Democrat 125 
 
 One Eyed Sioux. alia< Bourgne 
 Origual Leve, Rising Moose. 85 
 Loyal to America during war 
 
 o, 1812 .. 81 
 
 Arrested by Dickson .. 81 
 
 Ottawas. their migrations 2 
 
 At .Mackinaw 32 
 
 Ottoes, mentioned 42, 43, 44 
 
 Ouasicoude. (W h-zee-ko-Uix ) 
 Sioux chief mentioned by Heii- 
 
 nepiu 23, 27 
 
 By Long 82 
 
 Owens, John P., editor 123 
 
 Pacific Ocean, route to 
 
 36. 50, 58, 60, 69 
 
 Paiian; nicknamed Pig's Eye 113 
 
 Parsons, Rev. J. P 119 
 
 Patron, uncle of Du Luth 11 
 
 Penicant ("escribes Fort Perrot.. 29 
 Fort Le Sueur on Isle Pclee. . 37 
 
 Missi-sippi River . 42 
 
 Residence at Blue Earth Riv- 
 er 47 
 
 Describes F<ut L'Huiilier 47 
 
 Pennensha, French trader among 
 
 tlie Snmx 53 
 
 Pere, see Perrot. 
 
 Perkins, Lt., U. S. A., in charge 
 
 of Fort Shelby 80 
 
 Perrieie. see La Perriere. 
 Perrot, Niiliolas, arrests Achiga- 
 
 najia at Lake Superior 12 
 
 A isiis Keweenaw 14 
 
 Karly days of 20 
 
 Interpreter. A. D. 1671, at 
 
 Sau.t St. Marie 29 
 
 Account of Father Menard's 
 ascent of the Mississippi 
 
 and Black Kiver 2 
 
 Suspected of poisoning La 
 
 Salle 29 
 
 Associated with Du Luth 29 
 
 First visit tti Lake Pepin 29 
 
 Visited by loways 29 
 
 Trades with ihe Sioux 29 
 
 Brings allies to Niagara SO 
 
 Strategy at Lake Pepui 30 
 
 Presents a silver osteusorium 30 
 Terrifies the Sioux by burning 
 a cup ol brandy and water. 30 
 
 In the Seneca expedition 31 
 
 His return to LaKe Pepin 31 
 
 Journeys to the Sionx 31 
 
 Takes possession of the coun- 
 try 32 
 
 Rescues Ojibway girls 32 
 
 Boldness at Mackinaw 32 
 
 Conducts a couvov from Mon- 
 treal ..34, 38 
 
 Establishes a post on Kala- 
 mazoo river 34 
 
 Recalled 34 
 
 Threatened with death by 
 
 Indians 38 
 
 Interpreter at Montreal 84
 
 INDEX. 
 
 701 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Name of wife 34 
 
 TiniP f)f death 34 
 
 Petei>>. Eev.Siiiiuiel.intBrestedin 
 
 the Carver rl:iini 70,61, 9G 
 
 Petnns, see Humns. 
 
 Phillips, W. U., early lawyer at 
 
 St. Paul 116, 119 
 
 Pieard, see Aiitrelle. 
 
 Pig's Eye, niarsli lielow St. Paul, 113 
 
 Origin of name 114 
 
 Pike, tt. Z. M.. U. S. army at 
 
 Praiue rtu Ohien 74 
 
 Council with Sioux at mouth 
 
 of M innesnta 74 
 
 Address to Indians 74 
 
 Treaty for sites for military 
 
 posts 75 
 
 Description of Falls of St. An- 
 thony 75, 76 
 
 Lo- 1 tl;'tK liiought hack 76 
 
 Klock house at Swan Kiver.. . 77 
 
 Visited hv Dickson 77 
 
 At Cass or Ked Cedar Lake . . 77 
 
 At Sandy Lake 77 
 
 At Leecli Lake 78 
 
 Oiders tlie British flag to be 
 
 hnnleddown 78 
 
 At Dicksons trading post 78 
 
 Confers with Sioux at Minne- 
 sota river 78 
 
 Parses Kaposia village 78 
 
 Conferswith LittleCrow 78 
 
 Pinclion, see Penensha. 
 Pinchon. Fils de. Sioux chief, 
 
 confers with Pike 78 
 
 Pond, Rev. G. H., assists in hnry- 
 
 ing iilauglilered Sioux..- 103 
 
 I ditor of Dahkotah Friend.. 122 
 Interpreter at treaty of 1851. 124 
 Pond, Kev. SdUiuel W., notifies 
 the agent of a si.iux war party 103 
 Erecti the first house of >aw- 
 ed lumber in the Minnesota 
 
 Valley 107 
 
 Prepares a Sioux spelling 
 
 book 108 
 
 Grammar Ill 
 
 Porlier, trader near Sauk Rapids 
 
 76, 78 
 
 Poupon, Isadore, killed by Sisse- 
 
 ton Sioux 92 
 
 Prairie du Chien described by 
 
 C rver 64 
 
 Duringwarof 1812-1815 SO 
 
 Fort sbelljy at 80 
 
 ftlcKav at 81 
 
 Bi itish ollicers at 81 
 
 Prescott, Philander, early life. 91 
 Provencalle. loyal to America In 
 
 war of 1812 81 
 
 Quinn, Peter 103 
 
 Kaclos, Madeline, wife of Nicho- 
 las Perrot 34 
 
 Radisson, Marguerite 2 
 
 Radisson, Sieur, early life and 
 
 marriage 2 
 
 Second marriage 2 
 
 Brother-in-law of GroselUers 2 
 
 Visits the Sioux. 2 
 
 Sails with Capt. Gillam to 
 
 Hudson's Bay 5 
 
 Rae, Dr., Arctic explorer at St. 
 
 Paul 124 
 
 Ramsey, Hon. Alexander, first 
 
 Governor 117 
 
 Guest of H H. Sibley at Men- 
 
 doia 118 
 
 Becomes a resident of St. 
 
 Paul 118 
 
 Holds Indian council at Fort 
 
 Snelling 121 
 
 First message 
 
 Randin, visits e>treniity of Lake 
 
 Superior 110 
 
 Kavoux, Rev. A., Sioux mission- 
 ary 109 
 
 Reaume, Sieur, interpreter 52 
 
 Ked Kiver of the North, men- 
 tioned 87 
 
 Why called «7 
 
 Fort Rouge on 87 
 
 Scotch settlers at 87 
 
 Rival trading companies 87 
 
 Swiss immigrants to 89 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Renville, Josepli, mention of 7G. 109 
 
 Renville, .lohn 109 
 
 Repulilican convention at St. 
 
 Anthony 126 
 
 Rice, Hoii ITenry M., stnps to or- 
 ganize .Minnesota Territory 115, 116 
 
 Moves to St. Paul 118 
 
 Elected to Congress 125. 126 
 
 IT. S. Senator 128 
 
 Richards, F. S., trader at Lake 
 
 Pepin 117 
 
 RIggs, Rev. S. R., Sioux mission- 
 
 ai v, letier of Ill 
 
 Interpreter at treaty of is.'il . . 123 
 Kohliinette, pioneer in St. Croix 
 
 Valley 112 
 
 Robertson. Daniel A., editor 124. 125 
 Rocky M"untauis discovered by 
 
 Verendrye 60 
 
 Roeqiie or Roque. A., at Wapa- 
 
 shaw 117 
 
 Rogers, Captain, at Ticonderaga. fi2 
 
 In charge at Mackinaw.. 02. 6G 
 
 Skirnii>ih with lUirantave ... C2 
 
 Alluded tobv Sir W. .lohnson 69 
 
 Rolette. Jo.-eph Sr., in the Bri'- 
 
 ish service 81 
 
 Rolette, .losHph Jr. 127 
 
 Roseboom. EiiL-lish trader, ar- 
 rested near Mackinaw 15 
 
 Roseboimi, trader at Oi een Bay. 63 
 Kosser. ,J. T., Secrelary of Terri- 
 tory 125 
 
 Ronville, Hertel de, French offi- 
 cer 51 
 
 Russell. .Jeremiah, pioneer in St. 
 
 Croix Valley 109,112 
 
 Marriage of 113 
 
 Sagard, in 16.36 notices Lake Su- 
 perior copper 7 
 
 Saint Anthonv Express, first pa- 
 per beyond St. Paul 123 
 
 Saint Aiilhnny Falls, Suspension 
 
 bridge over 12C 
 
 Described by earlv explorers 
 
 '...19,24,25, 75,76, 85 
 
 Governmeiit mill at S)3, 94 
 
 Saint Croix county organized — 114 
 
 Court in 114 
 
 Saint Croix River, origin of 
 
 name 42 112 
 
 Du Luth first explorer of 112 
 
 Fovt on. spoken of bv Belliu. 112 
 Pitt and paitv cut lumber... 112 
 
 Pi(M)eers in valley <<t 112 
 
 Early preachers in valley of. 113 
 
 First woman 113 
 
 Saint Paul, origin of name 114 
 
 Early seltlers of 114 
 
 First School house in 114 
 
 Appearance in 1S49 117 
 
 High water ill 18.50 121 
 
 Newspapers 117, 118,119, 122 
 
 First execution for murder.. 124 
 Indian flglit in streets of. . ... . 125 
 
 Relics arrive from Franklin's 
 
 expedition 126 
 
 Effort to remove seat of Gov- 
 ernment therefrom 127 
 
 Saint Pierre, Captain, at Lake 
 
 Superior 50 
 
 At Lake Pepin 55, 65 
 
 Commander at Mackinaw... 61 
 
 Noliced hv Carver 57 
 
 At Kort La Reine 60 
 
 Arrests murderers 61 
 
 In N. W. Pennsylvania ...60, 61 
 
 Visited bv Washington 60 
 
 Killed inbattle 60 
 
 Tribute to 61 
 
 Saskatchewan, first visited by 
 
 French 59 
 
 Fort at 60 
 
 Schiller, versifies a Sioux chiefs 
 
 speech • ■ • 67 
 
 Scott, Died, slave at Fort Snell- 
 ing 97 
 
 Scott, General Winfield, suggests 
 
 the name of Fort Snelling 
 
 Selkirk, Earl, Thomas Douglas.. 87 
 
 Secures 0.ssiniboia 87 
 
 Forms an agricultural colony 87 
 Arrives inNew York city.... 85 
 Reaches Sault St. Marie 88 
 
 VAGJS. 
 
 Discovers John Tanrer 88 
 
 Concludes a treaty witli In- 
 dians 89 
 
 Passes through Minnesota. . . 89 
 Semple. Governnr of Selkirk set- 
 tlement, killed 88 
 
 Murderer of . . 88 
 
 Senecas defeated by the French 15 
 Sliea. J. G.. lui failure to estab- 
 lish Sioux mission 106 
 
 Sherburne, Moses, .Judge 125 
 
 Shields. Gen. James, elected U. 
 
 S. Senator 128 
 
 Sbiniiowalibay, Ojibway cliief 
 
 with Le Sueur at Montreal 37 
 
 Sibley, Hon. H. H., at Stillwater 
 
 convenlion 115 
 
 Delegate to Congress from 
 
 Wisconsin Territory It6 
 
 Impression made at Wash- 
 
 ingrcm ll« 
 
 Elected delegate to Congress 122 
 Silver ostensoriitm, presented by 
 
 Perrot. still jir-'Sei ved.* 30 
 
 Sioux, origin of the word 1 
 
 Defe:>t the Hur"ns 4 
 
 Described by Father Allouez 4 
 Attack Indians at La Pointe 4 
 
 Peculiar language of 4 
 
 Described in A. f>. 1671 4 
 
 Attacked at Sanlt St. Marie . . 6 
 Villages visited bv Du Lutli.. 9 
 
 Described bv Cadillac 16 
 
 Meet Accault and Henne- 
 pin 19, 20 
 
 Words mentioned by Henne- 
 pin 21,22, 27 
 
 Of MilleLacs 22 
 
 Offering at Falls of St. An- 
 thony 26 
 
 Visited by Grosellier and 
 
 Radisson 
 
 Nicholas Perrot 29 
 
 Described by Perrot 3t 
 
 Maiitantans 32 
 
 Meaning of the word It4 
 
 Different Imids of 104 
 
 Med-dav-wah-kawn-twawn 
 
 villages 104, 105 
 
 Warpaykutay division of 105 
 
 Warjiay t wawns 105 
 
 See-eetwawns 105 
 
 Dictionary commenced ill 
 
 Friglitened by burning bran- 
 dy 30 
 
 Mantantaws 32, 44 
 
 Sisselons 32 
 
 Mpdaywahkauntwauns.....32, 43 
 
 Oujalespoitons 43, 44 
 
 Assinehoines, cause of sepa- 
 ration 4.'5 
 
 War party arrested by Perrot 33 
 The flr.st to visit Montreal .... 37 
 Chiefs speech to Frontenac. 38 
 
 Chief's death at Montreal 38 
 
 War party against tlie Illi- 
 nois 39. 40 
 
 Eastern and Western des- 
 cribed 48 
 
 Chief visits Fort L'Huillier .. 43 
 
 In council with Le Sueur 44 
 
 Binds of. A. I). 1700 45 
 
 Attack Miainis 48 
 
 Visited bv Jesuits 51 
 
 A foil to the Foxes 65 
 
 Attack convoy of Verendiye, 
 Deputation visit Quebec .. .. 57 
 Dei)utation visit English at 
 
 Green Bay 63 
 
 Bands described by Carver. . 65 
 Chiefs speech described by 
 
 Carver. 67 
 
 Chiefs speech versified by 
 
 Schiller G7 
 
 Language, Carver's views on, 69 
 Chief, Orignal Leve, Pike's 
 
 friend 75, 81 
 
 Formerly dwelt at Leech 
 
 Lake 78 
 
 Bear Dance described by 
 
 Long 83 
 
 Sisseton murderer brought to 
 
 Fort Snelling 92 
 
 In council with Ojibways 94
 
 702 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 PAGE 
 Sioux DeleRation in A. D. 1824, 
 
 go to Wasliinu'ton 95 
 
 Kill Ojibwavs. A. D., 1826, 
 
 near Fort Snelling 98 
 
 Kill in 1-827 98 
 
 Delivered by Col, Snelling.. . 99 
 
 Executed by Ojibways 99 
 
 Killed by Ojiuways, April 
 
 1838 103 
 
 War witli Ojibways in 1839 . 103 
 Attack Lake f okeguma band 
 
 in 1841 110 
 
 Avf attacked in 1842 ill 
 
 War partv of Sioux at Apple 
 
 Kiver, 1850 121 
 
 Kill H teamster 123 
 
 Treaties of 1851 123 
 
 Attacked in St. Paul by Ojib- 
 ways 125 
 
 Simpson, early settler in St. Paul 114 
 
 Slaves, African, in Minnesota 97 
 
 Sniitli. C. K., first Secretary of 
 
 Territorv 118, 119 
 
 Snelling, Col. Josiah, arrives at 
 
 Fort Snelling 92 
 
 Censured by General Gaines. 97 
 Delivers Sioux assassins to 
 
 Ojibways 99 
 
 Hastens with Keel boats to 
 
 Fort Crawford 100 
 
 Deatli of 101 
 
 Tribute to 101 
 
 W. .Josepli, son of Colonel 
 
 career of 97 
 
 Author and poet 97 
 
 Pasquinade on N. P. Willis.. 98 
 
 Death of 98 
 
 Steamboat arrivals at Fort Snell- 
 
 insrtu close of 182(i 97 
 
 Virginia fiist at F'ort Snelling 93 
 First to Falls of .St. Anthony 121 
 
 Above 121 
 
 In Minnesota Kiver 122 
 
 Steele, Franklin, pi^'neer in St. 
 
 Croix ^■alley 112, 113 
 
 At Stillwater convention 1848 115 
 Forem.an of Grand Jury ... 119 
 
 Stevens, Kev. .J. D 106,108 
 
 Stillwater, battle between Sioux 
 
 and Ojibways 103 
 
 founders of 113 
 
 Noiiceof by Boutwell 114 
 
 Convention at in 1848 - 115 
 
 Scalp dance in 121 
 
 Land slide ill I8.i2 124 
 
 Stratton, pioneer in St. Croix 
 Valley 112, 113 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Stoddard, Capt. U. S. A 
 
 Stuart. Robert, at Mackinaw, in- 
 fluence of 106 
 
 Swiss emigrants, at Red River. . . 89 
 Swartz, Andrew, teamster, killed 
 
 by Sioiix 123 
 
 Taliaferro. Maj. Lawrence, agent 
 
 for the Sioux, notice of 91 
 
 Letter to C.il. Leavenworth . . 92 
 Takes Indians to Washing- 
 ton, A. D.. 1854 95 
 
 Talon, intendant of Canada, re- 
 fers to (iroselliers .. .... G 
 
 Refers to Lake Superior cop- 
 per 7 
 
 Tanner, John, stolen from his 
 
 parents 88 
 
 Became an Indian chief — 88 
 Discovered by Earl of Sel- 
 kirk 88 
 
 Suspected of Murder 88 
 
 James, son of John 88 
 
 Troublesome and deceitful .. 88 
 
 Tannery for Buffalo skins 46, 48 
 
 Taylor, .Tesse B.. pioneer in St. 
 
 Croix Valley 112 
 
 Joshua L 118 
 
 N. C. D., Speaker House of 
 
 Representatives 18.54 126 
 
 Teeoskahtay, Sioux chief first in 
 
 Montreal 37 
 
 Speech to Governor Fron- 
 
 tenac 38 
 
 His death in Montreal 39, 44 
 
 Tegahkouita, Catlicrine, the 
 
 Iroquois virgin 17 
 
 Terry, Elijah, murdered by Sioux 
 
 at Pembina 124 
 
 Thompson, David, geographer, 
 
 N. VV Co 78 
 
 Tonty, Henry, with Du Luth at 
 
 Kiagava 15 
 
 Cousin of Du Luth 16 
 
 Traders forbidden to enter the 
 
 Simix country 48 
 
 Treaties of 1837 with Sioux and 
 
 Ojibways 112 
 
 Tiu'tle, C." A., at Falls of St. Croix 112 
 XJnivirsity of Minnesota creii'.ed 122 
 
 Van Cleve, Gen. H. P 90 
 
 Charlotte Ouisconsin, wife of 
 
 Gen 90 
 
 Paper by 95 
 
 Varennes, Pierre Gualtier, see 
 
 Verendrye 
 
 Vercheres, in command at Green 
 Bay 61 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Verendrye. Sieur, early life of... 58 
 
 At Lake Nepigon 58 
 
 Obtains an Indian ,Map 58 
 
 Expedition west of Lake Su- 
 
 peri(u- 58 
 
 A son killed by Sioux 59 
 
 Anpphewdies 59 
 
 Sons of, reach Rocky Moun- 
 tains 59 
 
 Return to Lake of the Woods 95 
 
 Superseded... 59 
 
 Restined 59 
 
 Death 59 
 
 Chevalier, notice of 59 
 
 Sieur Jr., .accompanies St. 
 
 Pierre .59, 61 
 
 Wahkautape, Sioux chief visits 
 
 Le Sueur 43, 44 
 
 Wahmatah, Sicux chief 95 
 
 AVait. L. H 119 
 
 Wakefield, John A 116 
 
 AVales. \V. \V 127 
 
 Washington visits St. Pierre 60 
 
 Welch, W. H., Chief Justice of 
 
 Ten it<u y 125 
 
 Wells. Jaines, trader married... 102 
 
 At Lake Pepin 117 
 
 Killed by Sioux 102 
 
 Wilkin Alexander, Secretary of 
 
 Territory 124 
 
 Candidate for Congress 125 
 
 Williamson, Kev. T. S., M. D., 
 
 early life 107 
 
 Arrival among the Sioux 107 
 
 Organizes church at Fort 
 
 Snelling 108 
 
 Missionary at Lac qui Parle. 
 
 Kaposia 114 
 
 Procures school teacher for 
 
 St. Paul 114 
 
 Willis. X. P., lampoons Joseph 
 
 Snelling 97 
 
 Winnebagoes, mentioned 40. 52 
 
 At'ack Keel boats 99, 100 
 
 First notice of lo5 
 
 Successive removals 105 
 
 Wisconsin River, called Mes- 
 
 chetz Odeba by La Salle 18 
 
 Described by Le Sueur 40 
 
 Guignas 52 
 
 Wolfe, General, death of 1 
 
 \Vood. trader among Sioux 78 
 
 Yeiser. Capt. at Fort Shelby 80 
 
 Ynhazee, executed at St. Paul... 124
 
 INDEX. 
 
 703 
 
 INDEX 
 
 OtTTLnSTES OF THE HISTORY OF MINNESOTA. 
 
 ,PAGE 
 
 Acton, murders 137 
 
 Admission of tlie state 129 
 
 Antietam. battle 152 
 
 Arctic cyclone 168 
 
 Arms Seized 1-16 
 
 Banks, state 130 
 
 Battles— 
 
 Antietam 152 
 
 BiK Rlack River 1S3 
 
 Biich Coolie 139, 149 
 
 Bristow's station 15-1 
 
 Champion Uills 153 
 
 Cliiokainauga 154 
 
 Corintli 152 
 
 Fair Oaks 135 
 
 Fitzluigh's woods 154 
 
 Gettysburg 153 
 
 Gleiulale 135 
 
 Malvern hills 135 
 
 Mill (Springs 134 
 
 Missiini Ridge 154 
 
 Mobile 156 
 
 Murtieesboro 135 
 
 Nelson's farm 135 
 
 Peach Orchard 135 
 
 Pittsburg Landing 134 
 
 Red Wood Ferry 140 
 
 Savaire's station 135 
 
 .Spanish Fort 15G 
 
 Tupelo 155 
 
 Vicksburg 153 
 
 White Oak Swamp 135 
 
 Wood Lake 151 
 
 Bonds- 
 Issued 129 
 
 Delaulted 130 
 
 Foreclosed 131 
 
 Proposed adjustment 157 
 
 BreadstnfTs exported 131 
 
 Camp release 151 
 
 Capitol removal 157 
 
 Cavalry companies VM 
 
 Chippewa war threitened 14G 
 
 Christian commission 133 
 
 Uorinth, battle 152 
 
 Currency, inflated 155 
 
 Curren cy depreciated 131 
 
 Drouth 154 
 
 Edward's Ferry 135 
 
 Eleclion.131, 134, 156, 157, 158, 159, IGO 
 Enlistments 132 
 
 PAGE 129 TO 160. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Fair Oaks, battle 135 
 
 Fires, prairie 158 
 
 Forest City, stockade 147 
 
 Fort Abercrombie, seiee 148 
 
 Fort Ridgley, attacked 142 
 
 Fiazier River, gold discoveries.. 130 
 
 Glendale. battle 135 
 
 "Good Times" 156 
 
 Grasshimpers 159 
 
 "Hard Times" 130 
 
 Hutchii;s«ii, stockade 147 
 
 Relieved 148 
 
 Impeachment, state treasurer... 158 
 
 Indian correspondence 150 
 
 Indians executed 152 
 
 Indian war closed 151 
 
 Inflation 157 
 
 Insane Honpital burned 160 
 
 Jay Cooke, tailuie 158 
 
 Lee, surrender 156 
 
 Legal Tender Notes 135 
 
 Legislature— 
 
 Julv, 1858 129 
 
 Session, 1861 131 
 
 1862 134 
 
 Extra session 151 
 
 Session, 1870 157 
 
 1871 ...• 168 
 
 1874. '75, '77 1,59 
 
 Session, 1878 160 
 
 Light Artillery, first 134 
 
 Seennd 134 
 
 Lincoln Assassinated 156 
 
 Little Crow killed 153 
 
 lower Agency outbreak 1.38 
 
 M.ilvern Hills 135 
 
 Military commission 151 
 
 Militai'v force called out - 1.30 
 
 Mill Sprnigs. battle 134 
 
 Miiiiu'sot:radi]iitted 129 
 
 Missouri River expedition 1,53 
 
 Mounted Kani;ers 149 
 
 Murder at Garden ("ity 166 
 
 Murders at Acton 137 
 
 Murtreesboro, battle 136 
 
 Navigation of Red River HO 
 
 Nelsiin's farm, battle 135 
 
 NewUlm,seige 141, 143 
 
 Evacuated 144 
 
 Northfield Raid 1.59 
 
 Northwest settlement 135 
 
 ^ PAGE 
 
 Paynesville, stockade 14s 
 
 Peach Orchard, battle 135 
 
 Pittsburg Laiiuing, battle 134 
 
 Prisoners released 160, 151 
 
 Railroads- 
 Commenced 129 
 
 Rolling stock 1.33 
 
 New organization 135 
 
 First completed 1.35 
 
 Building 157 
 
 Red River Hostilities 148 
 
 Red River navigation 130_ 
 
 Redwood Ferry, battle 140 
 
 Relief measures 133, 150 
 
 Regiment— 
 
 Firsi 132 
 
 Second 1 3 
 
 Third 1 3 
 
 Fourth 134 
 
 Fifth 134 
 
 Sixth 134, 136 
 
 Seventh 145 
 
 EiL'hth 145 
 
 Ninth 145 
 
 Tenth 145 
 
 Eleventh 165 
 
 Regiments return , 156 
 
 Renville Rangers 141 
 
 Sanitarv ciunmission 133 
 
 Savage's station, battle 135 
 
 Scandinavian immigration 135 
 
 Seven days fight 135 
 
 Sharp shooter.s. first 133 
 
 "Shiiiplasters" 135 
 
 Sibley's expedition 145 
 
 Sioux Massacre 137 
 
 Sioux removed from state 153 
 
 Sioux pursued 154 
 
 Stofkadrs, built 147, 148 
 
 Troops called lor,132, 133,136,154, 155 
 
 War prospective 130 
 
 Wat news 132 
 
 War meeting 136 
 
 Week of blood 145 
 
 "Wild Cat," banking scheme . . 130 
 Wiunebagoes removed from state 153 
 
 Wright ciuinty war 130 
 
 Wood Lake, battle 151 
 
 Yorktown, selge 135
 
 704 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 INDEX 
 
 HISTOEY OF HEXXEPIN COUNTY. 
 
 PAfiE 
 
 Academies 445 
 
 Af;ik'uliural machinery 411, 424 
 
 Asiiicultuial sciciely 177, 434 
 
 Ames. Dr. Albert A 199, 602 
 
 Ames, Dr. Allied E., 175, 185, 373, 377 
 4W, .500 
 
 Ames. George F 313 
 
 Aiiui^eineiils 498 
 
 Atlieiia"um 435 
 
 AttractToii. City of 294 
 
 Atwater. Jtidge Isaac, 186, 367, 575 
 
 ■liig. 470, 480. 573 
 
 Austin, Gov. Horace 157, l.'is 
 
 Baker. B. F .. 175 
 
 Baker. Gen James H., 151, 202 
 
 Baldwin school 444 
 
 Bar A,^sociatiou 458 
 
 Bar and Conits, by Judge Isaac 
 
 At«ater 4S5 
 
 Banks and Bankers 425 
 
 Barrel factoiie 4]o 
 
 Bassett, Juel B., 183, 186, 373. 480, 486 
 
 „ 490 
 
 Benevolent societies 447 
 
 Bervy, John 341, 5|0 
 
 Bertram, George 176, 248 
 
 Bethany Home 650 
 
 Biographical— 
 
 Bkiomington 228 
 
 Br'ookl,,n 288 
 
 Champlin 300 
 
 Coicoian 319 
 
 Crystal Lake 281 
 
 Uayt.^n 305 
 
 Eden Prairie.. . 233 
 
 Excelsior 2.12 
 
 Greenwood 315 
 
 Ilas.san 310 
 
 Independence 266 
 
 Maple Grove 324 
 
 Medina 272 
 
 Minneapolis, city 499 
 
 Minneapolis, town 316 
 
 Minneionka 242 
 
 Minnetrista 261 
 
 Os^eo 296 
 
 Plymouth 333 
 
 Kiclifteld 216 
 
 iSaint Anthony 355 
 
 Bloomington Ferrv 225 
 
 Bloomington, towii oi 222 
 
 Board 01 Trade 428 
 
 Boom companies 401 
 
 Boot and shoe factory 415 
 
 Borgesrode. Col. Kudolph....l34, 195 
 
 Bostwick, Lardner 186,513,485 
 
 Bottineau, Pierre, 175, 294. 329, 357 
 
 „ - • - 624, 367, 513 
 
 Brackett. Mai. A. B 207 
 
 Bracket's Battalion Cavalry . 207 
 
 Breweries 420 
 
 Bridges 369 
 
 Brighton, towiiship 343 
 
 Brooklvn, town of. 285 
 
 Brooks, Prof. J 443^ 519 
 
 Bio.sseau. Mrs. Margaret 228 
 
 Brown, Major Joseph If.. 149, 175, 176 
 
 ^ ■. 212, 340, 359 
 
 Bryant, James 186, 204 &'>l 
 
 Building materials .' 386 
 
 Business Colleges 445 
 
 Byrnes. William I'je 34" 
 
 Campbell, Prof. G 443, 482 
 
 Cand\ factories 420] 583 
 
 Carriage factories 417 
 
 Carver, Jonathan 168, 169 
 
 Cavalry companies 207 
 
 I'AGE 167 TO 187. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Champlin, town of 298 
 
 Champion, village 300 
 
 Chnsk a. (Indian) 135 
 
 Chowen. Wm. S 184,239, 243 
 
 Christian Association."! 460 
 
 Chii.stnias, Charles W..183, 186, 247 
 
 „,■■••, 366.374 
 
 Churches 453 
 
 Church first organized 171 
 
 Chute's cave 3gg 
 
 Cigai faciories 425 
 
 City man et 493 
 
 City Property 496 
 
 Climate 182 
 
 Clothing, wholesale 4'>3 
 
 Colville. Col. William 155, 205 
 
 Commissioners, county 186 
 
 Constitutional convention 184 
 
 Cooperage 390, 412 
 
 Corcoran, Patrick B 187,317, 320 
 
 Corcoran, town of 317 
 
 Cornell. Judge F. K. E.,..181, 487, 532 
 
 Cotton mills 415 
 
 County officers 180 
 
 Conns and Bar of Hennepin 
 county, by Judge Isaac At- 
 water 485 
 
 Crooks, Col. William 146,151, 196 
 
 Crystal Lake, town of 278 
 
 Cumberland, c'ty of 270 
 
 Dana.N. J. T 133,134, 372 
 
 Da.Moii, town of 302 
 
 Dayton, village 304 
 
 Dean, Joseph, 176, 183, 186,222,225 .')58 
 
 Department of Dakota 162 
 
 Directory, township 
 
 Dow, John Ware 177 '>78 
 
 Downie.Col. Mark W ' o^ 
 
 Donnelly. Hon. Ignatius 132, l4o 
 
 Druids. U. A. O. of 44;) 
 
 Dry goods 4.)! 
 
 Dugas. William 177, 183, 305 
 
 Early settlers 17-2 
 
 Eatonvdle 510 
 
 Eden Prairie, tow n of 231 
 
 Educath>n 182 4.36 
 
 Eight Reg. Minn. ■\'ol. Inf 199 
 
 Eleventh 203 
 
 Elevators 3<,g 
 
 Equal Kights Association '.'.'. 174 
 
 Ewing.'Wm.M 216 ''18 '»' 
 
 Excelsior, town of ' ' 047 
 
 i'.'llage 251 
 
 Pioneer Association 24s 
 
 Explosion, mills, 1878 3!)i 
 
 Farmersville 278 
 
 Fence works 409 
 
 Ferries ami bridges ' 3159 
 
 Fii-st Battallion Infantry 204 
 
 Light Artilierv ')|o 
 
 First Keg. Minn. Vol. Inf 188 
 
 1" ourth 104 
 
 Fifth ;;•• 195 
 
 First Reg. Heavy Artillery 205 
 
 Mounted Ranger 'oS 
 
 Flandrau. Hon.C. E.. 141, 167, 185, 488 
 Fletcher, Dr. Hezekiah. 183, 373, 486 
 
 494 
 
 Flour first shipment..!...!.'.'!;;' 390 
 
 E.^POit 393 
 
 Mills 389 
 
 FoIwell.Col. Wm. W 443 
 
 Fort Saint Anthony 153 
 
 Snelling ." 161.171, 174 
 
 Reserve bought is2 
 
 Corner stone ic3 
 
 Reserve sold mj 
 
 Present reserve 164 
 
 Situation ng 
 
 Freemasons 452 
 
 Furniture 4i'3' 425 
 
 Findley, Samuel 175' 359 
 
 lire department 4!)o' 564 
 
 Fireman's R. lief Association... 492 
 
 Gaslight companies 43.1 
 
 Gear.Rev.E.G " 3^5 
 
 German Home, township 280 
 
 Geology jgn 
 
 Gibson, Reuben R 176, m, 223 
 
 Gideon, Peter M 181 254 
 
 Gilfillan.Col. James B.... 155, 203! 488 
 
 (ilove factories 419 
 
 C.odfley. Ard., 177. 346, 361,367,494 .552 
 (>ooiirich. Samuel A... . IS3 ■">' 228 
 Gorham. David. I8.3. 186, 334, 341. 362 
 Gorman, Col. Willis A., 132, 174, I88 
 
 4g7 
 
 Government mill 177 
 
 Greenwood, city of 312 
 
 Town of 3J1 
 
 Groceries, wholesale 422 
 
 Half bleeds ica 
 
 Halsted, Frank William ;; 257 
 
 Hamliuig, township 270 
 
 Harrisburg, townsiie 288 
 
 Hassan, town of 307 
 
 Townsite 300 
 
 Hatch, Maj. E. A. C 147, 153, 208 
 
 Harvester W(Mks 411 
 
 Hed.ierly. Edwin 183,374,486, 559 
 
 Hennepin county- 
 Boundaries 179 
 
 Oiganized... 1^2 
 
 Omcial record 183 
 
 Agricultural society 177 
 
 Heniupiii, Father Louis 169 
 
 Hennepin, townsite 231 
 
 Hiiks. Heni\ G., 185, I86, 488, 534, 562 
 
 Hoag, Charles 174. igg 219, 374 
 
 Hotchkiss, Capt. Wni. A 134 o|o 
 
 Hole-in-the-Day, (Indian),.. 362, 368 
 
 „■■■ , .>40 
 
 Hotels 497 
 
 Hull. Stephen 'i'7'6' 347 
 
 Huy. Geo. E 186,373, 568 625 
 
 Indian battles 170 
 
 Indian tieaties 162 170 
 
 Independence, town of ' 262 
 
 Independent, battalion cavalry. 208 
 
 Indust liana, townsite 288 
 
 Insurance companies 430 
 
 Iron manufactories 405 
 
 Island water power company 414 
 
 Jackins. John.. .173, 183, 186,373, 475 
 
 John Other Day (Indian) 138 
 
 Jones. Ednin Smith 186,488. 572 
 
 Kindergarten schools 446 
 
 Kiiiff, Col. William S 344, 480 
 
 Kittson, Norman W iro 367 
 
 Kiii.kerliacker, Rev. D. B....476' 578 
 
 Knights of Honor 450 
 
 Knights of Pythias ; 448 
 
 Knights Templar 4.55 
 
 La w ye rs .....,.,.. 485 
 
 Le B'outillier. Chas. \V... 184, 188 200 
 
 Le Count, Antoine 320 
 
 Legislature, state 183 
 
 Lester, Col. Henry C 133, 193 
 
 Light Artillery 910 
 
 Little Crow 1 Indian), 142, 150, 154, 368 
 
 Loan Associations' 430 
 
 Lumber product '.'.'.,' 400 
 
 Lyndale farm ' 345 
 
 Lynde, James W isg 159
 
 INBEX. 
 
 705 
 
 Maoalpstpv Collpcp 443 
 
 IVhipof H»iiiicj)iii pdiintj', opp. . I 
 
 M:i|ilp Cmvf. tinvn (if 322 
 
 Waiile Plain. vill;ige 2(14 
 
 Marhlp works 416 
 
 Miirsliall. Hdii, William K., 146. !.% 
 
 1.17. 1R.1, 3fil, 3fi4, 377 442 
 
 Mar-hall, inwiisliip 299, .104 
 
 Masonic socip lips 4.'i2 
 
 Mai tress aclinies 41.'i 
 
 M<-Larpn, r.il. R. N 1.51, 207 
 
 McLeod. Martin.... 175, IS.S. 222. 227 
 
 Mc^air, W. \V 186.487, 494 
 
 MrPhaiil.Ciil. Sanuiel.. H6, 149, 20.5 
 
 Mpilifal sociplies 4.34 
 
 Morticine Lake, township 331 
 
 Meclina, town (if 268 
 
 Meeker, Judge Bradley B., 17.5, 185 
 
 36J. 48S 
 
 Midrilingi pnrifiers 545,5.55 
 
 Militarv ennipanies 433 
 
 Miller. Col. Stephen. 151, 1.53, 154, 1<» 
 
 Miller's Association 398 
 
 Mills, finnr 394 
 
 BnildiiiK 389 
 
 Explosion 391 
 
 Fiinii-liers 405 
 
 Old Government 177 
 
 Minneapolis— 
 
 Atlienseiim 4.35 
 
 Citvof .357 
 
 Official Koster 383 
 
 Fire department 490 
 
 Incorporated 378 
 
 Mill eomiiany 39t 
 
 Police force 493 
 
 Postolfice 494 
 
 St. Anthony, united 378 
 
 S. hools 4.37 
 
 Mineralogy 181 
 
 Mining coiiipiinies 433 
 
 Minnesota River, navigated 178 
 
 Minnetonka, town of 238 
 
 Village 240 
 
 Minnetrista 2.57 
 
 Missionaries, early 168 
 
 Monnd builders 167, 671 
 
 Mounted Rangers, First Reg 205 
 
 Mosseaux. Charles 340 
 
 Munch, Capl. Kmil 134, 210 
 
 Natural Science Academy 435 
 
 Nav'gation, abi>ve Falls 178 
 
 Minnesota river 178 
 
 Neill, Rev. Edward D 188, 365. 444 
 
 467, 470, 472, 600, 635 
 
 New process milling . 393 
 
 Newspapers 573 
 
 Ninth Reg. Minn. Vol, Jnf. .. 200 
 North. John W., 486.489,499,183, 364 
 Northrup, Anson, 185,664,375,488, 
 
 497, 606 
 
 Odd Fellows 447 
 
 Official Roster— 
 
 Counly 186 
 
 liegisl'ature 183 
 
 Judicial 185 
 
 Oil companies 419 
 
 PACE 
 
 Olmstead. David 176 
 
 Opera Houses 498 
 
 Os.s,-.. J94 
 
 Paper I'ox factories 4ls 
 
 Paper mill- 414 
 
 PerUinsville. townsite 203, 270 
 
 Peteler. Capt. Francis 1.33,205 
 
 Peircp. Til mas W ..174,184,341, 351 
 
 Pike. Prof. \V. A 443 
 
 I'ike. Lieut. Zeluilnn M 162 
 
 Pihsburv, Hon, John S., 159. 160, 184 
 
 443. 481 499, 613 
 
 Plaiunemills 404 
 
 Plow works 411 
 
 Plyniouili. town of 328 
 
 Townsite 332 
 
 Police force 493. .566 
 
 Pond, Rev. (iideon H., 169, 174, 183 
 
 22-', 227. 2.32 468 
 
 Pond. Rev. S 169 
 
 Port'ai d, t' wiisite 304 
 
 Post offi'-". Minneapolis 491 
 
 Powel-, John F 313 
 
 Pres.'i tl. Philander ....173, 213, 340 
 
 Piivate ipsi(h-nces 498 
 
 Piilili.- hui'dings 498 
 
 PuMic Halls 498 
 
 Public schools, Minneapolis 4,37 
 
 Quiun, Peter 175,222,359 
 
 Mrs. Mary Louisa 226 
 
 Railroads 179. 428 
 
 Eailioail .shipments 179 
 
 Ramsey, 1 on. Alexander, 131, 134 
 
 145. 153. 178 2 7 
 
 Regimental Rosters 188 
 
 Rice, Hon. Edmund 160. 176. 487 
 
 Rice. Hon. Henrv M., 147, 156, 176, 377 
 
 Riclifiehl. town of 212 
 
 Richland, township 213 
 
 Riggs, Rev. Stephen R...138, 169, 172 
 
 Eoirer process, flouring 392 
 
 Rollins. Capt. John. 178. 180, 183, .365 
 
 308, 402. 487. 494,. 531, 622 531 
 
 Russell, Lieut. J. B. F I.33, 177 
 
 Russell, R.P 176,359,369, 487. 530 
 
 622, 024 
 
 Russell. Capt. Wm. F 184, 2o5 
 
 Saint Albans, townsite 219 
 
 .Saint Anthony — 
 
 City incorporated 369 
 
 ( )lticial Roster 380 
 
 Falls 169 
 
 Falls, power 178, 388 
 
 Improvement 388 
 
 Minneapolis, united 378 
 
 Town of 3.53 
 
 Sanborn, Gen. John B... 132.134, 194 
 Sash, door and blind factories... 404 
 
 Satterlee. Rev. W. W 435 
 
 Saw mills, flrst in state 163 
 
 Sawmills Minneapolis 401 
 
 Schoids, .Minneapolis city 436 
 
 SclUiols. ]iai()i-liial 465, 479 
 
 Second Iteiiiiiieiit Cavalry 207 
 
 Minn. Vol. Inf 191 
 
 Sixth 196 
 
 Seventh 199 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Settlements exiended 176 
 
 Sewerage 386 
 
 Sharp -hooters 2o5 
 
 Shaver. James 176.216 
 
 Sheldon. Kev. Charles B., 1S4, 180. -im 
 Sihlp>.Hon. Henrv H., 171.176.129 
 
 1.30, 145. 1.50. 162, 366 517 
 
 Sisieihood of Bethany 6,50 
 
 Smith. Albee. 186,225 
 
 Suplling. Col. Josiah 163 
 
 Soap factoiies 419 
 
 .Si'Cieties 447 
 
 foil 181. 
 
 S ate fruit faun 250 
 
 Sieanibnal. at Falls 178 
 
 Steele. Franklin, liis, 174, 177, 185, 216 
 
 358, 364. .369, 488. 494 63S 
 
 Stevens. C(d. Ji hn H.. 147. 173, 171 
 
 183. 186. 248. 3152. 371, 481 637 
 
 Stevei s. Ri v. J. D 171 
 
 Stevens. Simon 176. 238 
 
 Suive woiks 405 
 
 Stieels and avenues ;'88 
 
 Siront. Capt. Rich'd, 147, 186, 213, .502 
 
 Taopi. (Indian) 1.50 
 
 Tapjicr.Capl. John,. .177, 352, 369, 375 
 
 Telegiaphsand Tele|ihones 431 
 
 Temnerani'e societies 461 
 
 Tenth Reg. Minn. Vol. Inf 193 
 
 Tliird 20a 
 
 Third Batlerv. Light Artillery,.. 211 
 
 Thonms. Col. Mmku-T '1.51.199 
 
 Tnttle. Calvin A., 173, 176, 184, 238, 361 
 
 370. 373 499 
 
 Underwood, A. J 185,205 
 
 Univeisitv of Minnesota, by P(es. 
 
 VVm.W. E^ilwell 439 
 
 Van Cleve, Col. Horatio P., 1.3.3, 134 
 
 191, 468 494, 648 
 
 Van Cleve, Charlotte O 648 
 
 Vanderburg, Hon. Chas. E., 185, 470 
 
 487 488 
 
 Vegetation 181 
 
 Vovagenrs I68 
 
 Wabasha. (Indian) 1.50 
 
 War record. Hennepin countv... 188 
 
 Walker, Maj L. C '147, 184 
 
 Walker, Prof. Versal J 443 
 
 Washburn, Hon. William D., 181, 475 
 
 .481, 654 
 
 Watkins, Samuel 176 
 
 Water power companies 40O 
 
 Water works, city 490 
 
 Waterville, townsite 304 
 
 Wa\ zata. village of 210 
 
 Welles, Henry T., 175, 367, 370, 378 379 
 
 404.472,476 .' (>55 
 
 Wholesale trade : 421 
 
 Wilkin. Col. Alexander, 151, 155, 2<'0 
 
 231 
 
 Williamson, Rev. Thomas S., 138, 171 
 
 468 
 
 Wilson. Eugene M 185, 2 6, 469 
 
 Workmen, A. O. U. society 449 
 
 Young, James D 314, .378 
 
 Young. Judge A. H 185, 662 
 
 Zoology, 182 
 
 45
 
 706 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 INDEX 
 
 KAMES. 
 
 PA6K 
 
 Abbott, Hiram 176, 231 
 
 Abel, Heniv 325 
 
 Abel. Herman 502 
 
 Abeit. James W 163 
 
 Abraham, J. P 184 
 
 Acker, William H 132, 134 
 
 Adams, A, S 346 
 
 Adams, C. F 185 
 
 Adams, William 346 
 
 AdODCk, Kobert 319 
 
 Aitkin, R. M 347 
 
 Albaiish.D. W... 186, 214 
 
 Alden.A. M 602 
 
 AUIrich. Cyrus 184,494 
 
 Allan, .lames M 602 
 
 Allen, C 186 
 
 Allen, Z.O i)02 
 
 Allen, J. H 184 
 
 Allini;, E. T 187 
 
 Allison, A 347 
 
 AUwort 1), J. C 502 
 
 Ames. Dr. A. A 190, 602 
 
 Ames, Dr. Alfred Elisha, 174, 185, 373 
 
 377, 4H4 600 
 
 Ames, Charles G 186,379, 471 
 
 Ames, Eli B ,'iOl 
 
 Ames, Ezra B 501 
 
 Ames, GeorueF 313 
 
 Ames.Orville 222 
 
 Ancel,J.L 228 
 
 Anderson, Andrew 503 
 
 Andersun.C. P ' 603 
 
 Anderson. Daniel 185 
 
 Anderson, C.H 603 
 
 Anderson. James 234 
 
 Anderson, John H 234 
 
 Anderson, Capt. Joseph 149 
 
 Anderson, Kobert 233 
 
 Anderson, William 231 
 
 Angell,A. O .325 
 
 Anuell, Henry 177 
 
 Ankeny, A. T 503 
 
 Ankein, W. P 185, 603 
 
 Ankenv, W. S 503 
 
 Appleby, John F 604 
 
 Areh>-r, James 284 
 
 Archibald. A. K. C 608 
 
 Archibald, David 272 
 
 Archibald, William 272 
 
 Armstrou);, .lolin A 186 
 
 Armstrong, Solon ,'i04 
 
 Arnell, John H 604 
 
 Ariioldv, Jolin 505 
 
 Arnoldy, Peter 505 
 
 Aronson. B 601 
 
 Asleson. K 505 
 
 Astrope. Henry 26i 
 
 Atkinson. Uev. Lewis 298 
 
 Atwater. F. A 505 
 
 Atwater, Judge Isaac, 186. 367, 375 
 
 476. 480 499 
 
 Anslin. A.C: 184 
 
 Austin. EzraH 505 
 
 Ausiin. (iov. Horace 157,168 
 
 Austin, L. A 252 
 
 Avdt,Ciiarles 304 
 
 Babb, E. C 605 
 
 Babcock, E. A...., 262 
 
 Babcoek, P. M 186. 488 
 
 Baehner. E. & B 505 
 
 Bacluis. iMiss Electa 182 
 
 Bap'ev, George 506 
 
 Bailey, A.C 272 
 
 Bailev, Ale.xis 183 
 
 Bailev, F 48R 
 
 Biird, George W 216 
 
 JJaird, W. J 215 
 
 r.\OE 
 
 Baker.B. F 175 
 
 Baker, Howard 137 
 
 Baker, Gen. James H 151, 202 
 
 Baker, S. Harlan ...180, 5i'G 
 
 Baldwin, G. P 184 
 
 Baldwin, Mark l"6 
 
 Baldwin, E.J 184 
 
 Ball. Miner 506 
 
 Ball. Kichard 261 
 
 Barbt-r, Daniel R 506 
 
 Barber, Ed. C ,606 
 
 Bard well. Charles S 507 
 
 Barge. Jacob 507 
 
 Barker, D. H 5t.7 
 
 Barker, S 507 
 
 Barkow, Charles 273 
 
 Barnabv. E. G 507 
 
 Barnard, B. B 186 
 
 Barnard . Thomas G 507 
 
 Barnes, E. S 273 
 
 Barnes. S 272 
 
 Biirnum. John T 607 
 
 Barrows. F. C 507 
 
 Barrows, W. M 50S 
 
 Bartholomew. R, L 184, 213 
 
 Barton, Hon. Ara 159 
 
 Bartow, Robert W 242 
 
 Bartow. Samuel 187, 242 
 
 Basselt, Daniel 185 
 
 Bassctt, Fred 187 
 
 Bassett, Joel B., 183, 186, 374, 486, 
 
 480, 490 
 
 Bassett, R.P 183 
 
 Baston, .\. H 213 
 
 Bates, G.H ,608 
 
 Bates, Erastns N 184 
 
 Bates, John W 508 
 
 BausMian. A. I. .608 
 
 Baxter. James 608 
 
 Baxter. John 185, 303 
 
 Bayer, J. D 273 
 
 Baver, John ,5o8 
 
 Bazlev, T. T 228 
 
 Beal,A. H 509 
 
 Bean, Keuhen .372 
 
 Bean, Stephen 269 
 
 Beaumoni. J. Flanders . .. 509 
 
 Becker. Jacob ,609 
 
 Beebe, Franklin ISG, 488, r^m 
 
 B' email, E. P 249 
 
 Beers. H. H 252 
 
 Bell.S. N ,609 
 
 Benireke, Dr, Karl .609 
 
 Benjamin. F .610 
 
 B>-nnei. Webster 510 
 
 Bennett, S. J 510 
 
 Benson, Jared 184 
 
 Benson, A. H 187 
 
 Benton, C. Henrv 510 
 
 BeiUon.Col. R. C 510 
 
 Bereiis. Peter 273 
 
 Berg, John 281 
 
 Bermann. A 610 
 
 Bernstein. W 347 
 
 Berry, A.C 493. .610 
 
 Berry, Frederick G 51 1 
 
 Berry, John 341, 5lo 
 
 Berry, Jonathan C 611 
 
 Bertram, Ge'Uge 176, 24S 
 
 Bickford, Daniel 4S6 
 
 Bidwell. IC. L 511 
 
 Bidwell. Herman 510 
 
 Biggs, L 611 
 
 BiglyG. W 511 
 
 Bills, Aiden P 273 
 
 Biidwell, J. W 511 
 
 Bishop, Jesse 184 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Black, H.(' .. 296 
 
 Black. Mahlon 186 
 
 Blaisdell. Robert 347 
 
 Blaisdell. Robert Jr 347 
 
 Blaisdell. William 347 
 
 Blake. John D 158 
 
 Blakelv. David 511 
 
 Blakeman. .\. B 187 
 
 HIakeman. I, V.N ,612 
 
 Blakeman. William 512 
 
 BlfCken.C. H 186 
 
 Blitz. Adolpli 512 
 
 Blodgett. Samuel F 218 
 
 Blood. J. W 512 
 
 Blonstein. L 512 
 
 Blowers.C.W 187 
 
 Bf-ardman, C. N 512 
 
 Bnardman. W. M 512 
 
 Bode, .\. H 612 
 
 Bnflferriing. .Tohn 613 
 
 Bofferding, Nicholas 513 
 
 Bnlian,T. \l 513 
 
 Biihanon, John C 278, 281 
 
 Bdton. X. H 513 
 
 Bonto\,S 513 
 
 Bonionr, A 252 
 
 Booth, J. E 216 
 
 Borgesrode, Rudolph 134, 195 
 
 Bortlnvick, Alexander 307 
 
 Bornp. Charles W 366 
 
 Bostwick. Lardner 186, 485, 513 
 
 Bosworth. W. W 518 
 
 Bottineau, Pierre.... 175. 367, 294, ,329 
 359, 513 
 
 Boucher, Octave 320 
 
 Boucher, Peter 273 
 
 Bonglitini. H. H 281 
 
 Boutell, M.C 518 
 
 Boweii. Millard F 518 
 
 Bowman, Geo. D 374, 379 
 
 Bowman. J. K 347 
 
 Boyd.Ceo.Jr 209 
 
 Brackelt, Maj. A. B 207 
 
 BrHckett, Ge .. ,4. 491 
 
 Kiackett. H. H 493 
 
 Biaekett, W. M 491, 618 
 
 Bradlev, James F 184 
 
 Braescii. Christopher 333 
 
 Brandon. J. D 266 
 
 Branii. T. A 618 
 
 BiHii, Frank 243 
 
 Bien. Joseph 242 
 
 Brewster, Joel 187, 213 
 
 Briggs. E. C 519 
 
 BriL'gs, J. H 325 
 
 Brigham. Levi 288 
 
 Brighain. William 519 
 
 Brilev. Sainnel 266 
 
 Brimmer. Dr. F. H 519 
 
 Brimmer. W. D 304 
 
 Brisselt. Kdniond 341 
 
 Bristol. Wanen 183, 186. 373 
 
 Broad. E 519 
 
 Brohaiigh. Ole 620 
 
 Brookin-i. G. W 2S1 
 
 Brooks. Rev. David 519 
 
 Brooks. Jabez D. D 519 
 
 Brooks. William 325 
 
 Brossean, Mrs. Margaret 228 
 
 Biouillette. J. B 521 
 
 Brown. Baldwin 18.6, 520 
 
 Brown. Beiij. J 493, 520 
 
 Brown, C. I) 521 
 
 Brown, F. D 521 
 
 Brown. (i.W 213 
 
 Brown. Isaac 183, 186, 489 
 
 Brown, James A 235
 
 INDEX. 
 
 707 
 
 PA OR 
 
 Blown, ,1. H 521 
 
 Brown, J, AI 521 
 
 Blown.. Toll II 228 
 
 Brown, Joseph R 340 
 
 Brown, Maj. Joseph R.. 149, 173, 212 
 
 359 
 
 Brown, Lvnian 185 
 
 Kr..wn, M. D ...3-17 
 
 Brown, Nathaniel 235 
 
 Brown, Otis, H 289 
 
 Blown, Seni'oa 296 
 
 Brown, llioinas ■ 359 
 
 Brown, W. VV 521 
 
 Brown, Z-hira E .521, 5.5B 
 
 Bryant, James 180, 201, 521 
 
 Bryant, Robert K I80 
 
 Br\ant, TlnniiasC 24.i 
 
 Bryant, William V 231 
 
 Bnckeiulorf, Henry 522 
 
 BncUeiiilorf, William , ,522 
 
 Bndl, W. W 265 
 
 Biieli, U. L 159 
 
 Bnerteiiiiig, Martin .5'/2 
 
 Btn;bee,G.O 512 
 
 Bnll, James A 2U, 210 
 
 Biirch. A. D 2.53 
 
 Burelifteld, A 273 
 
 Bnrcliliekl, C. »V 273 
 
 Bur;;, Aflain 355 
 
 Bnixeois, John 2:i8 
 
 BnrUe, Edward 522 
 
 Burrell, I.. VV 522 
 
 Burroni;h's, Ira 177 
 
 Biirwell, William E 522 
 
 Bnselijost, Louis 523 
 
 Bnsli, Krederielc 2lG 
 
 Bnsliiiell, C. K 522 
 
 Bntier, .Vlansou ti 213 
 
 Butler, B.E 523 
 
 Buttolph, F. G .523 
 
 Bntier, (i. S ,523 
 
 Butler, H. C .523 
 
 Butler, Levi 185 
 
 Bntier, VV. E 523 
 
 Buxton, I". J .523 
 
 Byrnes, James 523 
 
 Byrnes, Win 186, 347 
 
 Byrnes, datherine 347 
 
 Cahill, VV. f 524 
 
 (lain, .(allies 524 
 
 Cain,T. H 524 
 
 Calladine, James .524 
 
 Camp, Arthur A 524 
 
 Cain|), (ieor^e A 185 199 
 
 Camp, Rev. J. J 205 
 
 Camp, Lieut 173 
 
 Oampnell, A. J., half breed. 150 
 
 Campbell, ,Iolin AIeK 624 
 
 Campbell. L. K 273 
 
 Cauney, Joseph H 174 177 
 
 Canney, T. J ;>i 
 
 Cantieny, Casper .525 
 
 Capron, I'haddeus C 289 
 
 Carpenter, H. M 620 
 
 Carpenter. Nathaniel Sen 353 
 
 CaritJii, William iVl 525 
 
 Carr, (1. C 528 
 
 Carr, L. S 525 
 
 Carlin, E.J 525 
 
 Carinau, Frank 261 
 
 Carman, John 259 
 
 Carey, John 216 
 
 Carlson. Lewis 548 
 
 Caroii, Octave 325 
 
 Carson, Elijah 253 
 
 Carver, Joualhaa 108 
 
 Case, Emauuel 374 
 
 Case, E. D 525 
 
 Case, riweet W 185 488 
 
 Cate, W. W 183 
 
 Cates, Ceo. VV 525 
 
 Cauvet, E C 524 
 
 Cavanangli, John 236 
 
 CliartwicK, William 228 
 
 Chaffee, .\lleii B 2s5 
 
 Chalt'ee, James F 195 520 
 
 Chamber-i, Tliomas 377 
 
 Chambers, William 176 222 
 
 Chamiierlain, Kev. J. S 2.50 470 
 
 Chamberlain, W. H 5-.'6 
 
 Chaniplin, O. R 326 
 
 Chanipion, W. B £,20 
 
 Chandler. E. H 289 
 
 Chaudounet, liev. Z. L 526 
 
 ru ,. X P.\GE 
 
 Chant. James .527 
 
 Chapman, C.B 186 
 
 Charlton, llavid 186 
 
 Chase, C. C 217 
 
 Chase. C. L ' 184 
 
 Chase, Capt. Dudley. P 205 
 
 (•hascJohuN iss 
 
 Chas», Capt. Jonathan 184, 200 
 
 Chase, Josiah H .527 
 
 Chaska. dudiani isg 
 
 ChastMck, .lohn M 243 
 
 Chatneld..lu ge A. (i ...185,488, .532 
 
 Cheever, Win. A 177, 361 
 
 Chilson, Vat igj 
 
 Chilstrom, P. O ige 
 
 Cnilstroin.C. E 527 
 
 Cliipman. S. P 089 
 
 Chittenden, E. H 527 
 
 Clioweii, Geo. W 186,489 
 
 Choweii, Joseph H 243 
 
 Cliowen, Willi iin S 184, 239, 213 
 
 (Christian, .(. A 627 
 
 Christian. Llexellyn .527 
 
 Chrisllieb. B. F 274 
 
 Christlieb, Isaac A .. 273 
 
 Chrisllieb, Levi 528 
 
 Christmas, Charles W. 183, 186, 
 
 247, 300, 374 
 
 Churchill. Salmon K 343 
 
 Chnte, Richard 468,528 
 
 Clark, Allen W 201 
 
 Clark, Charles H 184,214 
 
 Clark, C. VV 5og 
 
 Clark, E, C 344 
 
 Clark, H. B 62i< 
 
 Clark. Isaac B .528 
 
 Clark, J.H 253 
 
 Clark, .Tames 2.35 
 
 Clark, J. S 628 
 
 Clark, John 529 
 
 Clark, .(ohn W 529 
 
 Clark, Reuben i82 
 
 Clark, Thomas 334 
 
 C;iark, Capt. William A 201 
 
 eleven, John 206 
 
 Cleveland, Arba..« 184 
 
 Clon;;h. Gilbert 529 
 
 Cobb, Kev. Daniel 529 
 
 Cobb, H.J 529 
 
 Cochran, M I80 
 
 Code, George 217 
 
 (^olbiath, W. C 530 
 
 Cide, Emerson .530 
 
 Coleman, Ttiomas 530 
 
 Colemin, John A ik4 
 
 Collins, Dr. D F 530 
 
 C.dlins, William D 231, 235 
 
 Colloin, Jesse 530 
 
 Colstrom. N. E ' .530 
 
 Ci>lvllle, Col. William 156, 206 
 
 Comerford, M. C 186 
 
 Conkev. J. H 530 
 
 Connolly, T 243 
 
 Connor, Daniel 253 
 
 Connor, Ellas H 530 
 
 Con well, F. A .'. 186 
 
 Conver.se, A. S 531 
 
 Conzet. Martin 315 
 
 Cook, Franklin 180, 324 
 
 Cook, C. H .5,11 
 
 Cook, H. T S3l 
 
 Cook, John 323 
 
 Cook, Mithias S 259 
 
 Cooke, Jay 158 
 
 Coolev, George W 186, 531 
 
 Cooley, Grove B 488, 531 
 
 Coot, Charles 532 
 
 C'>oper, B ,532 
 
 Coombs, tToseph 532 
 
 Coplin, Charles 632 
 
 Copely, Mrs. Mary 217 
 
 Corcoran, Patrick B 187.317, 320 
 
 C'nvoraii, William 320 
 
 Cornell, Jiidne F. K. E... .184, 487, 5,32 
 
 Correns, T. W 532 
 
 Costigan, VVyman 532 
 
 Cuulliard, Cornelius 214, 217 
 
 Coulter, Andrew J 289 
 
 Courtvvright, Alfred 173 
 
 Cowdrev. S. B 21 > 
 
 Co.x. E. St. Julieu 144 
 
 Craik, Andrew 215, 532 
 
 Craik, John 214, 633 
 
 Craik, Miss 214 
 
 PACE 
 
 Cramsie.E.A 533 
 
 ('randall. D. C 281 
 
 Creiuh, A. J ,53,'i 
 
 Cripean, F. X 341 34s 
 
 Crittenden. M H 533 
 
 Crooks. Col. William 146, 151, 196 
 
 Crooker, N osg 
 
 Cross, Capt. Jiidson Newell 534 
 
 Cross, William 6.34 
 
 Crosbv. Kiehard .53:5 
 
 Croswell. H. J 184 
 
 Crow, Isaac 233 
 
 Crowe, James I86 
 
 Crowell, S. S 176 
 
 Cii ver. G. N .. 534 
 
 Cnmmings, A. A .534 
 
 Cnmmiugs. Geo. W 2I8 
 
 Cnmniings. R. U .534 
 
 • 'ummiiiL's, Koliert W 177, 634 
 
 ('unuinghani, H. II 229 
 
 Cniminghain, T. C 535 
 
 Cnrle.v, P ter 348 
 
 Cnrtiss, C. C fo5 
 
 Curtis, Henrv 289 
 
 Curtis. Theodore L 535 
 
 dishing, Hon. Cileb 177 
 
 Cnihbertson, James .535 
 
 Ciit'er, E. W 1R4 
 
 Diggett.C. H 535 
 
 Dagne.Joliu 214 
 
 Dale, Alplieus .5;i5 
 
 Dalluge, K 635 
 
 Daly, P.itrick 536 
 
 Dana, X. J T. Capt 133, 134, 372 
 
 Danforth.T.K 53»i 
 
 D iiiiel, Dennis ,320 
 
 Daniels, Peter 330 
 
 Daniels. S. (i 538 
 
 Dark, Frank 530 
 
 Darmody, Patrick 325 
 
 Darnm, T. H 536 
 
 Davenport, E.J 186,489, 637 
 
 Davidson, ProL Charles 536 
 
 Davin, John 536 
 
 Davis Hon. Cnshman K 159 
 
 Davis.J H 537 
 
 Davis, William H 637 
 
 Davison, C. D 184 
 
 Davison, C. Wright .636 
 
 Davison, K. A .'37 
 
 Day, Alcibiades 253 
 
 Day, Enos 253 
 
 Day, George E 2.53 
 
 Day, Joseiih W 334 
 
 Dav, W.H. H 537 
 
 Day, W. P 346 
 
 Dayton, Lyman 314 
 
 Dean, Ernest 537 
 
 Dean, Joseph 225, 176, 183. 186, 
 
 222, 658 
 
 Degardins. Joseph 320 
 
 Delorier, Joseph .'37 
 
 Demeules.Z I80 ,537 
 
 Dennis, W. H 638 
 
 Dennison, D 538 
 
 Dennison. lames E £38 
 
 Denoyer, Stephen 366 
 
 Desjarlais, Louis 360 
 
 D-verv, Patrick 325 
 
 Dick,H.T 38 
 
 Dickey, Alex 274 
 
 Dickey, H. C 266 
 
 Dickey, R. B 274 
 
 Dickeisoii, .1. C 141 
 
 Dickinson. Seymour 638 
 
 Dillingham, Fred W., 5.18 
 
 Dittfacli, Fritz 253 
 
 Dixon, Charles B 538 
 
 Dobson, William 243 
 
 Dodd, Lieut. W. B 141 
 
 Dodge, James Albert 639 
 
 Dodge. J. S 538 
 
 Doell, lolin W 539 
 
 Dole, A. M 638 
 
 Dole, Hill. Wm. P 147 
 
 Dolliver, VV. A 539 
 
 Donaldou, .Maj. J.H 281 
 
 Donaldson. H 
 
 Donlin, Edward 639 
 
 Donnelly, Hon. Ignatius 132 140 
 
 Donnelly, M 6,39 
 
 Dorau, ,jr. W 539 
 
 Dorinan. Israel 189 
 
 Doiner, J. H 539
 
 708 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 PAGE 
 DOIT, CD 540 
 
 Diiujihertv, James 510 
 
 Dousla'*, Secoii'l Lieut S. B Hie 
 
 Donjilass, Daniel 540 
 
 Dow, Daniel E 2« 
 
 Di)w, H. B 540 
 
 Dow.Jolm Ware 177 278 
 
 Uowiiev, JdIiii F 540 
 
 Diiwnie. I'nI. Mark W 204 
 
 Drake. C. H 185 
 
 Dranye, J. O 540 
 
 Draper, Joshua 375 
 
 Dr.ssler, \Vm 540 
 
 Jlrisenll. D 541 
 
 Droll, W 642 
 
 Dubois, C. H 541 
 
 Dndiev, Tavlor 185 
 
 Dufour, Moses 320 
 
 Diigas, William 177, 183, ;io5 
 
 Dnt'iran. William J 218 
 
 Dnluike, Wm 541 
 
 Diiluth, Capt. Johu 169 
 
 Dunliar, Owen K 225 
 
 Dunham, O. H 541 
 
 Dunn, L. A 541 
 
 Dnnn.Tliomas 541 
 
 Dnnnington. K. P. .. 541 
 
 Diinsniiior, Dr. James A 213, 541 
 
 Dunsmoor, Irvln 216 
 
 Diuisnioor, Dr. F. A 542 
 
 Dupoiit. Jiisepl) 320 
 
 Dinnam, Join. M 289 
 
 DuToit. Geo. E 20) 
 
 Dnlton.G. B 183 
 
 Dntton, Josiah 282 
 
 Dver, E. W 542 
 
 D\er, Dr. William 173 
 
 Earenfl-ht, C. T 348 
 
 Eliert. Kreilerlck 3 5 
 
 E<l(lv, E. W .>42 
 
 E.ldv.JohnM 326 
 
 Edsti-n. A. H 542 
 
 EiUvarils, David .... 187 
 
 EfjKlestoii. Kev. Edward 232 
 
 Eiclielzer, P. F . 542 
 
 Eidam. Eilward H 244 
 
 Ekes, Martin 348 
 
 Elioli, W'vman 543 
 
 Elliott Clias. J 543 
 
 Ellioit, D 513 
 
 Ei.iisiwoorr, Fernanrto 241 
 
 Eili^.B R 543 
 
 El Isworl li, Clark 282 
 
 El swortli, David 294 
 
 Elweli, Jam.-s 1 543 
 
 Emerv. lulhv 300 
 
 Hniery. Dr. Geo. \V 543 
 
 Emerson, .Selli 543 
 
 Emmans. N. H 543 
 
 Empi-n^er. J. H 244 
 
 Emie. .Angnst 544 
 
 Engel. Nhliolas 3a5 
 
 Kni;rKted, V.O 514 
 
 Eni^nr, Henry 544 
 
 Ert.Simnel. 544 
 
 Essene, T. J 544 
 
 l':s.i*s, (lliarles 3i5 
 
 Eistiv. .1. M 186. 5H 
 
 E.ans, llr.O J 544 
 
 E ans. Wm. K 187, 326 
 
 Everaid..lMlin K 545 
 
 Ewinir. Wm..M 216, 218, 322 
 
 Fairliairn. Dr. A.C 186 
 
 Faniham. Kiifus 282 
 
 Fari'liani. S miner W 183 
 
 Farrin^lon. Alhert E 545 
 
 Farriii'.;! G. F 545 
 
 Fane, llenrv 274 
 
 Fe.lersml. N.D 5l5 
 
 Feek.Koliert 545 
 
 Feleli,.I.C 545 
 
 Felt. Frank B 545 
 
 Femlei', W. I 545 
 
 Fergn-on, William H 2'>3 
 
 Fcriinsiiii. John 546 
 
 Ferrant. E. M .546 
 
 Feriier. Cliailes 546 
 
 F'Triil \. D 187 
 
 Fesslei-. A. H .545 
 
 FkmL.I. W 546 
 
 Fini-h, William 1R7, 213 
 
 Fimlle*. Naninel J 174,359 
 
 Finical, Samuel 187 
 
 Fu.ley, Owen 348 
 
 P.4GK 
 
 Ferren, Jonathan 184 
 
 Fisher, W. A .546 
 
 Fisk, Capt. James L 133 
 
 Fitch. Thomas 546 
 
 Flaiulrau.Hon. Chas. E., 141, 157, 
 
 185, 488 
 
 Fleer. Rev. Herman 546 
 
 Fletcher, Dr. Hezekiah, 183, 373, 486 
 
 494 
 
 Fletcher, Di-. L 173 
 
 Fletcher, Hon. Lorcn 185 
 
 Flovd. (i. W 54» 
 
 F'ogartv. Patrick.. 218 
 
 Folsonie, Edgar 369 
 
 Foreman. Samuel 547 
 
 Forler. Jcdin 547 
 
 Fortttingler, George 218 
 
 Forsvth, W 547 
 
 Fortier,C.J 547 
 
 Foss, D. M 318 
 
 Foster, A. D 485, 547 
 
 Foster. Andrew J 547 
 
 Franklin, Samuel 548 
 
 Franklin, S. J 518 
 
 Franklin. William B 548 
 
 Erederichs, C 482. 548 
 
 French, Allen T 274 
 
 Frenet. George 548 
 
 Frosi, Benjamin 334 
 
 Friien, \V. H 346. 348 
 
 Fnllerton, William 300 
 
 Gaffnev.Thiimas 349 
 
 Galhraith, Maj 1.37 
 
 Gale, Kev. Ainorv 215, 472 
 
 Gale, Harlow A 186,493. 549 
 
 Gale, Samuel C 549 
 
 Galpiii, Rev. Charles 2s7 
 
 Galpin, George 187 
 
 Gali.in,Gpo. R 549 
 
 (ialiiin, Moienus .549 
 
 Gamache, F 315 
 
 Gardner. Cephas 183 
 
 Gardiner, Thomas ' 549 
 
 Garrison. A. E 176 
 
 Garritv. L 549 
 
 Gasliii. W. H 290 
 
 Garvais, Louis Pierre 322 
 
 Garvey.C. C 173, 349 
 
 Garvey. James L 214 
 
 Garvev. Wm 214 
 
 Garvie.S.B 138 
 
 Gan.C. A .549 
 
 Gear. Kev. E. G 476, 340 
 
 Getehcll, Washington 186. 2.s5 
 
 Ghosilv. H .rrv 1S5 
 
 Gihl)^, G. .\ 550 
 
 Gihs. n. UHiilien B 176,184.223 
 
 Gidi'on. IVter M 181,2m 
 
 Gielienliain. George 2.S2 
 
 Gierlsen. N. H .5.50 
 
 Gilliert, .1. B 187 
 
 Giles, Henrv 550 
 
 Gilfillan.Col. James B.,.. 155. 203, i»d 
 
 Gi Bllan. John B 185, 186 
 
 Gille. Chai les 651 
 
 Gilleshy..! 5.50 
 
 Gilman.J.A 650 
 
 Gilinan. J. Q 551 
 
 (iilpitrick, <'harles 342, 375 
 
 Gilo ore, I). M .550 
 
 Gilnioiv, Geo 214 
 
 Giim.'re. John F 218 
 
 Gi.iuore, .losi'ph H 550 
 
 Girling, W. M 349 
 
 Girrhach. G. F 5-.1 
 
 Givans. Janifs 551 
 
 Gjertseii. Herman J .. 218 
 
 (Jleesoii, Mi'-hael 214, 218 
 
 Glenn, M. W 187, .551 
 
 Glessner, Wm .551 
 
 (i lick, J.G 552 
 
 GInek.G iltleih .552 
 
 GodfreN , Aid. 177. 346, 361, 367 494, 5.52 
 
 God lre\, Key. Alfred C 374 
 
 Godlivv, L.niis 212 
 
 Godine. Paul 302 
 
 GoehiMiiier. Chris 652 
 
 (Ji'Uvea, O A 5.52 
 
 Goodale, Joiin W 290 
 
 Goode. A. H 5.52 
 
 (Jnodrieh. Al'en G 223 
 
 Goodriidi. A. L 222 
 
 (ii.odricli, .Mrs. Rebecca 222 
 
 Goodrich, W. H 290 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Goodrich, P 552 
 
 Goodrich. Sam. Augustin,l83, 222, 228 
 
 Goodspeed. E. .4 349 
 
 Good.vin. W. H 290 
 
 Gordon, E 552 
 
 Gorham, David.. 183, 186, 334, 341 362 
 
 Gorman, L. B 553 
 
 Gorman, Gov Willis A... 132, 174, 
 
 188, 487 
 
 Gorton, Leander 185 
 
 Gould, Aaron 184,231 
 
 Gould, Alexander 186, 231 
 
 Gould, F. G 250 
 
 Gould, William C 314 
 
 Gould, Wm. W 553 
 
 Gove, E. A 186, 488 
 
 Graham, Alexander 176 
 
 Graham, Gilbert 184 
 
 Grandy.J. L 553 
 
 Grant. Capt. H. P 149 
 
 Grave, Allen 274 
 
 Graves, C. A 553 
 
 Gray, A.N ... 244 
 
 Gray, Charles £ 553 
 
 Grav, Stiles 295 
 
 Gray, T.K 63 
 
 Greeley. W. Q . 553 
 
 Green ," John 349 
 
 Green. M. A 290 
 
 Greirorv.C 214 
 
 Greiheii, Anton 186, 554 
 
 Griffith, J. M .554 
 
 (irime, John 554 
 
 Giimshaw. Wiliiair 554 
 
 Grindall,Eli1ah W 187. 356 
 
 Giindall. E. S 554 
 
 Groesback, E 213 
 
 Groshusch, J'thn 554 
 
 Glover, Freeman 554 
 
 Guilder, A. R 555 
 
 Guinion, Simon 556 
 
 Gunnersen, S. K 555 
 
 Grvgla. Frank.. 654 
 
 Ha'rft. Mathias, 311 
 
 Hargrayes, .j . W 657 
 
 Harmon, All^n 186 373 
 
 Harrington. Capt 147 
 
 Harringl n, Jolm S 244 
 
 Harrington, Lewis 186 
 
 Harris, Ariel C 557 
 
 Harris C. W 213 
 
 Hairis. Capt. Smith 178 
 
 Harris. S. A 557 
 
 Harrison, C.W 290 
 
 Harrison, H. G 545 .5.57 
 
 Hiriiscm.J.J 254 
 
 Harrismi. .loseph 229 
 
 Harrison. N. H 244 
 
 Harris. Ill, Thomas A .5.58 
 
 Harlman. Philip 558 
 
 Harves, W lliam 49 254 
 
 Hasi\, K. H 282 
 
 Hasliow, Charles G .-68 
 
 Haslin^s, W. H 558 
 
 Hatch, .Maj. E. A.C 147,153, 208 
 
 Hiuscliild, Henry 558 
 
 Haiise. .Ji'sf ph \\ 568 
 
 Hanser. Jactili 658 
 
 Haviland. Chancy 296 
 
 Haviland. Kli 296 
 
 Hawkins. Hmatio 310 
 
 Ha"liiiis. Jasper 310 
 
 Hawkins, Leonard L 326 
 
 Hawkins. S.S 326 
 
 Hiwkes. James 219 
 
 H.iwthi-rne. E. P 558 
 
 Hawth.Miie, W. P 558 
 
 Havdeli. .V K 184 
 
 Havden. Wniitworth ls4 
 
 Haves, John 559 
 
 Ha\es,J W 349 
 
 Haies. \I. P 5.9 
 
 Haesj.Chailes 219 
 
 Hafften.Carl 316 
 
 Hagiin Cliarles F 655 
 
 Haight. W. X 555 
 
 llaiiies. B.C 274 
 
 Hale. William E 186 
 
 Hall. A. R 184 
 
 Mall.C. W 555 
 
 H ill. K F 214 
 
 Hall. .lames 185 
 
 Hall. .Miliew N 219 
 
 H..U,Wm.S 656
 
 mDEX. 
 
 709 
 
 PAOE 
 
 Hall, W. W 314, 310 
 
 Hallai-"!!, M. J 349 
 
 Waller, Rev. J. G 5,56 
 
 Hallinir, Lnrentz 556 
 
 Halsted, Frank William 2.57 
 
 Haniel, .7. () 274 
 
 Baniilton, Josepli 215 
 
 Hamlin, Hun. Eilward 0.134, 1R5, 488 
 
 Hamlin, Hnbait U 186, 5.50 
 
 Hanim, Heniv 5.56 
 
 Hammond, William '. 5-56 
 
 Hamnstiom.C J 5.56 
 
 Hanee, Dr. S. F 557 
 
 Hanke, Cnii.stnpliei' 34<) 
 
 Hankinsnn, Richard 557 
 
 Han^eimi. B. F 214 
 
 Han.seonjl), Ezra 187,286 
 
 HaiLsnn, 1). M 184, 180 
 
 Hanson, (ieo. A ,5.57 
 
 Hanson. J. D 5.57 
 
 Havfoid. George 659 
 
 Haynes, O. F 55!) 
 
 Hay, Ani;ust 254 
 
 Hays, Lambert 5i9 
 
 Hay.s, Richard 175 
 
 Haywood, Jesse 219 
 
 Hazer, .J'mes H 559 
 
 Heap, Captain D. P 166 
 
 Heard, 1. V. D 151 
 
 Heatiin, David 184 
 
 Hecknch, Fred .5.59 
 
 Heclitniai'..Iohn 295, 296 
 
 Jledderlv, Edwin 183,374,486, 55i 
 
 HedderU, ]). G 560 
 
 Hedderly.T. L 560 
 
 Hedsiniin, N. M 560 
 
 Heffel linger, C. A 560 
 
 Heffeltiiiger, G. B ,500 
 
 Hefti, Frank 660 
 
 Heftv,.T 5h0 
 
 Heinrich, John 561 
 
 Heiss,FranzJ 219 
 
 Held, J. F 349 
 
 Helfrich, W. H 561 
 
 Hnminp. N. H. - 186, 488 
 
 Hen'lerson, .1 H 561 
 
 Henion.J. W 561 
 
 Henr.\, Chris 561 
 
 Hem y, Isidore 216 
 
 Henry, Kennedv 562 
 
 Hennepin, Fnther Louis 109 
 
 Hen^lniw, ('. E ,562 
 
 Herjilnnil, J. W 662 
 
 H.-r W.M 187 
 
 Hes er. Fr aik E 561 
 
 Hfwsiin. Siephen 184 
 
 Hicks, Hnnry (i..l85, 180, 488, 534, ,562 
 
 Hierliolzer, Cluis ,562 
 
 Hi Igedick, Ernest 3.56 
 
 Hilgerma'', Q. A 563 
 
 Hill,F. K 503 
 
 Hill, F.C .563 
 
 Hill, Francis 663 
 
 Hill, Ichabod P 563 
 
 Hill, James W .63 
 
 Hill,L.D 563 
 
 Hdlstroin, John 206 
 
 Hilton, L.C 251 
 
 Hineline.Geo 503 
 
 Hnikle, Francis S ,503 
 
 Hinckley. J. B 187, .300 
 
 Hiiiton, Jidm 503 
 
 Hiiim in. Kidsey 203 
 
 Hinnnin. Rev. S,D 138 
 
 Hipler. Ciipt. Benedict 2U5 
 
 Hiscoik, J H 538, 664 
 
 Histeil, Jolian 2ii6 
 
 Hoag, aron 310 
 
 HoaL',Cll irles ... 174,196,219,374 
 
 Hoaglaiid.Char'es W 274 
 
 Hoaulanil, Louis K 2!4 
 
 Hoa!;land. William 244 
 
 Hoblis. J, T 664 
 
 H obi lie, Henry .504 
 
 H kIu'Cs, E. .r .... , 504 
 
 llofl, Minerva 326 
 
 Holiag. Charles A 214 
 
 Hiibeiisieiii. Adam 310 
 
 Hohenstein. George 316 
 
 Hoib\, Andrew 254 
 
 >'ole-in-the-|iav(lndian)362,368, ■54» 
 
 Hiiichimse, George. 664 
 
 Holeiibeig. Cliarles - 504 
 
 Holmau, Mrs. Laura 220 
 
 pai;k 
 
 Holmes, H. W 564 
 
 Holmes, Thomas 313 
 
 Holt, Augustus 298 
 
 Holt, Charles Evans 504 
 
 Holt, E. E 565 
 
 Holt, J. B 299 
 
 Hoi way, F. I, 282 
 
 Honkomp, Henry ,565 
 
 214 
 254 
 344 
 5(!i 
 565 
 505 
 
 290 
 290 
 3.34 
 .506 
 
 Hoover. Aaron 
 
 Hopkins. A. H 
 
 Hopkins. H. H 18 
 
 Hopper. Frank 
 
 Horan, Frank ,1 
 
 Horan, Mrs, J. W 
 
 Horner, W. H em 
 
 Horlon, .1. W 666 
 
 Hntchkiss. Capt. Wm. A 134, 210 
 
 Hovelsnn, O .566 
 
 Howard. Silas 2.54 
 
 Howe, Asa 
 
 Howe,r. R 288 
 
 Howe, Jonas H 184 
 
 Howell. E. P : 
 
 Tloy, Michael 493, 566 
 
 Hov. William .560 
 
 Hnbbard. Orrin 220 
 
 Hughes, Charles W 335 
 
 Hughes, Edward 336 
 
 Hughes, H. J 566 
 
 >lughes, .Tames 3,^5 
 
 Hughes, Henry 3.35 
 
 Hiijihes, Thomas 330, 335 
 
 HuL'gins, Alexander ni 
 
 Hnhti, George 1S5 
 
 Hull, James.- .557 
 
 Hull. Stephen no, 217 
 
 Hulbert William F 2.36 
 
 Hnmpbrev, H. H ,567 
 
 Hunt. B .507 
 
 Hunt, Francis is7 
 
 Hunter, Samuel 567 
 
 llnnt.Tliomas u 1R4 
 
 Hnminu'tou, Geo. H 507 
 
 HuniiuL'ton, James 507 
 
 Hiiiitiimton, W, W 1.S6 
 
 HinUsbi'rger, .Jacob 2r5 
 
 275 
 305 
 305 
 668 
 568 
 608 
 
 Huutslieiger. M 
 
 Hurlind, K. R \ 
 
 Hiirlluit, William F 
 
 Huston. Janes F 
 
 Hn-h, Valeniine G 
 
 Hutcliins, Dr. E. A 
 
 Hidchinsoii, .1. C .508 
 
 Huv. Georu'e E 186,373, ,568 
 
 HmIc. L.Mel 508 
 
 lliowizi, Uev. Henry 569 
 
 Iiuierson. Aslibel 185, 202 
 
 Inks. B. F "09 
 
 Ireland. ('. H 50) 
 
 Irwiu, E. F ...^ 214, 230 
 
 Irwin. Georire W 213 
 
 .lackins, .John... 173, 183.186.373, 475 
 
 .lai'kson, Henry 200 
 
 J;ickson. J. R. 214 
 
 Jacolis.John 316 
 
 Jacoby, Geo. G 669 
 
 Jacobv vv. H 569 
 
 Jacolisim.C 569 
 
 .Tanies, Frei-nian D 310 
 
 Jamnie. Jospph 336 
 
 rlardiiiM. Mexiufler G 330 
 
 Jurrett, William .1 2.30 
 
 ,lMrvie. Mm'Iicw .570 
 
 Jelfer^on, Robert H 370 
 
 ,Ietferv,Tll..s 570 
 
 Jellison. Jesse L 2.54 
 
 .leuks,G. A .570 
 
 Jenkins, U. H 291 
 
 .lenkins, s* Ivanus 29o 
 
 .lenuiims, Frederick .\. 
 
 Jenson C . 
 
 Jerome, Albeit M. . 
 
 Jew:tt, A. W 
 
 .JoInl■^^n. C 
 
 .Iidianson, Hans 
 
 Joliii Oilier L>av, Indian. 
 
 .Johnson, .Asa E 
 
 iihiisoo, A. M 
 
 .. 2.59 
 .. 350 
 .. 186 
 .. 570 
 .. 571 
 . . 350 
 . 1,38 
 .- 570 
 .. 570 
 
 ,Iolins>in. (lliarles 275 
 
 Jolinsoii. Charles W 571 
 
 .rohnson.C.O ,. ... 207 
 
 Johnson, David B ,571 
 
 J'lhiisou, F. .V 571 
 
 Johusou, George H .185, 186, 57 
 
 Johnson, Gnstavus V 245 
 
 Johnson, J. C ]g7 
 
 .lohnson, ,T. W 572 
 
 .lohnsou, K ,572 
 
 .lohnson, Peter .. 572 
 
 Johnson, Gen. R. W 365 
 
 Johnson, W. H 185, 572 
 
 .Jonas, Joseph 572 
 
 Jones, Edwin Smith,... .180, 488, 572 
 
 Jones, Capt. Hariison 200 
 
 Jones. J. G 180. 498, .572 
 
 Jones, Jiihn Sergeant 140, 153 
 
 Jones, R. F 573 
 
 Jones, W. H 573 
 
 Jones, W. B !! 2.54 
 
 Jordan, Amos C 575 
 
 Jordan, John H 335 
 
 Jordan, R. W 573 
 
 Joseph, John P 574 
 
 Kaestner. John D 574 
 
 K,im|)ff, Louis 3.sg 
 
 Kautrowitz, ,1 574 
 
 Karlson,F.H 574 
 
 Kassnlie, Kail 275 
 
 Kassnbe. William C 269, 275 
 
 Keator.C H ,571 
 
 Keen.C. T 574 
 
 l^ees, M-ithias 574 
 
 Keim, Andrew ,574 
 
 Keith, A 213 
 
 Keith, Albert .575 
 
 Keith, (ieorge 184,57.5,494 
 
 Iveith. H. C 187. .'75 
 
 Keller.J.M 575 
 
 Kellei-. H 575 
 
 KelIcv,J, W 229 
 
 Kellev, W. A .576 
 
 Kellv, Dr K. S 676 
 
 Kellv, Frank W 576 
 
 K"llv,OscarA 291 
 
 Ki'llv, W.F 576 
 
 Kellogg. Nathaniel 188 
 
 Kennedy, Edward 576 
 
 Iveuyoii, A. II 576 
 
 Keraii. Hurh 320 
 
 Kerriilge. Walter 576 
 
 Kesler. Jacob 283 
 
 Ke.vs, John .576 
 
 Kielei-, Sarah 326 
 
 Kiesel, Leopold 220 
 
 Kimball, A. C 187, ,303 
 
 KiuilialLDr. B. W .570 
 
 Kim;, Edward E 220 
 
 King, O. B 186 
 
 Kilig.T. S -- .527 
 
 Knig. Col Williams 344,480 
 
 Kiugsley, Charles D 677 
 
 Kui.:slev, Edward 1 577 
 
 Kirk, A. H 577 
 
 Kirk, J. H 229 
 
 Kirst. E. D 577 
 
 Kittson, .Norman W 170,307 
 
 K ausuKin. Maihias 336 
 
 Klelziii. M. F 350 
 
 Kline, J. W 678 
 
 Klopp, M. .J 577 
 
 Kiiellle. George 270 
 
 Kuiekerbaekei-, Kev. D. B...47fl, 578 
 
 Kiixblaiicli, Alois 578 
 
 Knob ock D 187 
 
 Kn-pt, Michael 326 
 
 Knowles, A. 11 578 
 
 Koki-sli John 245 
 
 Kooii. ALB 5,8 
 
 K. .leiiier, John 678 
 
 Krueger. 11 576 
 
 Kuidi, Philip 283 
 
 Kvte. John 220 
 
 La Brash. A. C 578 
 
 LMiliier ■, Rev. A 296 
 
 Liillin, Ge.i. A 326 
 
 l.atliu.g. A 326 
 
 Lamp, ('hristian 579 
 
 l.amii, Joa.-liim. .579 
 
 Lainoson, Channcy 163 
 
 Lamps'to, Nathan 153 
 
 Lamoreaux, H, K 579 
 
 L:iiie, A. P 30C 
 
 l>an.lrv, Charles 3.58 
 
 Lane. Freeimin P 186, .579 
 
 Lane, .lames S 679 
 
 L.inc. I-. M 579 
 
 Lall'^ilon, K B 185,679, 491 
 
 Langdon, R. V 257 .
 
 10 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Lange, J 580 
 
 Larii.-d, William L 1S3 
 
 Laraiiiee, Tenuis 580 
 
 Larson, Carl 580 
 
 Lashells, William M ISi 
 
 Latliain, A. W 255 
 
 Lamieiilale. W. H 580 
 
 J^awreiu'e, James R.,Jr 180 
 
 Lawrence, Kben E 580 
 
 Lawrence, James W 186, 580 
 
 Lawson, Braily 581 
 
 Lavman, J. D 225 
 
 Lavniaii, Jerome 581 
 
 La'viuan. Mailin i!5o 
 
 Learned, Kev. JJ. M.. 581 
 
 Leavenwintli. Lieut. Col. Henry. 102 
 
 Leber, Julius 581 
 
 Le Bcrius. Jolin 229 
 
 Le Boutillier.CliiU'!. W.. ..181, 188, 200 
 
 ],e Count, .-Vntuiue S.'O 
 
 Lefel)vre, E 2-7 
 
 J/ee, John T 581 
 
 Lee, JoliuM 581 
 
 Lew, L. A 582 
 
 Lenuon, John G 362, 5k2 
 
 Leuzen. Leonard 275 
 
 Leonard. Wni.H 195, 582 
 
 Leppla. .rohii 582 
 
 Lester. HenrvC. Col 133, 193 
 
 Le Van, W. H 255 
 
 Levi.G. L 582 
 
 Lev. George 24.i 
 
 Libbv, A.D 31)0 
 
 Libbv.G. E 582 
 
 Libbv,Joseph 583 
 
 Libbv, Thomas 583 
 
 Liljeht'ren, N. P 583 
 
 Lillibridse. H. F 581 
 
 Lincoln, Abraham 131, 152, 156 
 
 Lincoln, J.L 583 
 
 Lindas, Hans 583 
 
 Lindblad. H 583 
 
 Lindner. IVter G 275 
 
 Lin on. Tb.<s. M 584 
 
 Lippincolt Edward 18t) 
 
 Lilht'ow, William I7ti, 247 
 
 Little Crow, Indian.. . 142, liO, 154, 368 
 
 Livingston. A 581 
 
 Livingston. Pavid 176,231 
 
 Lochien, William 184, 584 
 
 Locke, David 245 
 
 Lockwoi>d, J. E 584 
 
 Lo^an. K 2T5 
 
 Lohse. H 5X4 
 
 Li>ng, Majir. Stephen H ITS 
 
 Looinis.Col. Gustavus 171 
 
 Longfellow. Jacob 291 
 
 Loomis.G. G 186 
 
 l,oranger, A. R 275 
 
 Lorini,,\.C 584 
 
 Lovej.)V, S. B 584 
 
 Loverin II. A 585 
 
 Low,.r.F 584 
 
 Lowell, V.P 584 
 
 Lowell. H. E 236 
 
 Loye. s. B .. 585 
 
 Luce, K. K 2.t5 
 
 Lueck, Hudolph 685 
 
 Lnfkm.Dr. M. U 585 
 
 Lundlierg. A.G .186 
 
 Lundell. Gns 585 
 
 Lvdiai'd. Samuel 269 
 
 Lvford,C.C 586 
 
 Lvncb,,lohn 586 
 
 Lynde, James W 138, 169 
 
 Lyiuis, Charles 245 
 
 Lyons, .M ichael .586 
 
 IMachineier. Jacob 686 
 
 Mackrotb. J. H 586 
 
 Macnrdv.D. A 586 
 
 JVL.dson, C USS 
 
 Maeder, Louis 586 
 
 Magnire, First Lieut Edward 166 
 
 JlabafTv, W. D 587 
 
 Malioney. Mrs. B 687 
 
 JIahoney, Jeremiah 229 
 
 Maisb, (apt. Lewis 587 
 
 JSIalbon.J. S 187 
 
 Jlalimey, Michael 220 
 
 Malmsi'en, Aug .587 
 
 Mangen, Nicholas !i89 
 
 Mann, Henrv B 1.S4 
 
 Wann. .lobnS 216 
 
 Mann, John T 183, 186 
 
 PAGE 
 
 JLanning. William 266 
 
 Manton; Rev. J. K 215 
 
 Marc-band. David 326 
 
 Marriott, ■William 587 
 
 Marsh, Albert 587 
 
 Marsh, Capt. .rohn S 137 
 
 Marsh, William H 265 
 
 Marshall, Hon. Wm. R., 146. 156, 
 
 I.iT, 183, 361, 364. 377, 442 
 
 Marten. Jacob .987 
 
 Martin. H. M 588 
 
 Marlindell, Mahlou 588 
 
 Martn. Paul 588 
 
 M a rl tv. Sam uel 889 
 
 Maskeli. Geo 588 
 
 Massev, Louis 212 
 
 Massolt, William 588 
 
 Matthews. A. C 589 
 
 Mattson, Col. Hans 588 
 
 Manren, Nicholas .589 
 
 Maxwell, Geoige 275 
 
 Mav,(^apt. C 2.50 
 
 Mav.E.M .589 
 
 Mayer, Charles 30fi 
 
 Mavers, A.J 275 
 
 Mayhew.G. V 184 
 
 Mavnard.J. B .589 
 
 Mavnard.C. \. W 213 
 
 Mavr. Kev P. Magnus M 275 
 
 McAfee.M. J 226 
 
 McAfee. W.J 229 
 
 McAnich.S 5s9 
 
 McAr.Ue. William 589 
 
 McAnv, T 2.55 
 
 McCabe, John 213 
 
 McCabe, Merriman 220 
 
 McCann, James 185 
 
 McCarthv, S. J .590 
 
 McCarlin, Joseph 590 
 
 McClary. Rev. Thomas .590 
 
 McCnlloiigh, Francis 262 
 
 McCulloch. A. S .5!W 
 
 McCnne, M 591 
 
 McDaniel. James 591 
 
 Mi'Dermott. Ed 185 
 
 McDfinald, Finest .591 
 
 McDonald. Francis S 186, .591 
 
 MiDonaUl. John .591 
 
 McDonald, John W 591 
 
 McDonald. P .591 
 
 McDonnell,. Tohn 320 
 
 McFarlane. J. G 187 
 
 McGarv. JohnH 2 7 
 
 McGaughev. S. N 592 
 
 JIcGentv. John 245 
 
 McGolrick. Rev. James 591 
 
 McGrath.K. B 184,247, 2.55 
 
 McGregor, Wm 592 
 
 McHattim, Kev. Alexander 232 
 
 McKenzie, K. (i 592 
 
 McKenzie, John 231. 249 
 
 McKernan, Peter 592 
 
 McKnighl. W. (;. 283 
 
 McLa'en. Col. R. N 151, 207 
 
 McLaskev. R. H 592 
 
 McLeod. Martin 175,183,222, 227 
 
 McLeori, Walter S 222 
 
 McMillan, James 592 
 
 McMnllen, A. E 592 
 
 McMwIlen. George 593 
 
 McMillen, James 692 
 
 McMurdv.R.S 593 
 
 McNair, WiHiam W..470, 180, 59-i, 
 
 487, 494 
 
 McXeice, W. D .593 
 
 McNeil. Neil 302, 306 
 
 McPhaiLCol.S 146, 149 
 
 McPhaill, Col. Samuel 205 
 
 Mi-Waters. Daniel .593 
 
 Meagher, J. O. F 593 
 
 Meaker.O C 255 
 
 Meeker, Hon. Judge Bradlev B... 
 
 175, 185, 361, 488 
 
 Medcalf. W. R 2S3 
 
 Melstroli, Henrv .593 
 
 Mendenhall, K. J 594 
 
 Menor, J.C 6M 
 
 Menninger. Henry 186 
 
 Menzel, <i 594 
 
 M-reer,T.E .595 
 
 Merrill. S.W 291 
 
 M'-rriman. ^Varon 262 
 
 Merriman, Eugene 262 
 
 Merriman, O. C 595 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Merriman, Samuel L 186, 260 
 
 Mei-riinan, Warren 262 
 
 Messer, Benjamin E 186 
 
 iMetz.'er, Charles 595 
 
 Metzke, Fritz 595 
 
 Meurei. .1. P 275 
 
 Mever, Ernst 2+5 
 
 Mever, John D 595 
 
 Meyers. Jacob 596 
 
 Miais.G. 1) 301 
 
 Michie. J, W 596 
 
 Mile-i, Charles 298 
 
 JHIlam, George 220 
 
 Miller, Charles D 245 
 
 Miller.FrankA 245 
 
 Miller, John P 245, 373 
 
 Miller,J. H .596 
 
 Miller, J. W .596 
 
 Miller, Miss Nancy E 182 
 
 Miller. I'erer 276 
 
 Miller, P. S 350 
 
 Miller. Robert H 301 
 
 Miller, Col. Stephen A. .151, 1.53, 
 
 154, 199 
 
 Miller, W A 596 
 
 Miller. Walter 569 
 
 Mills, R M 267 
 
 Milne, David A .596 
 
 Minei, Amos, L .597 
 
 Miner. N. H 186 
 
 Mink. James 359 
 
 Mitchell, Andrew W 236 
 
 M itchell, John 187 
 
 Mitchell, Samuel Sr 231 
 
 Miitner, John. ..' 59T 
 
 Moel.'herf. Lonis 597 
 
 Moflatt.Wm. K 213.342 
 
 M.iffatt. W. G 213, 312 
 
 Mohr,E 597 
 
 iIoUn,A.P 697 
 
 Molin-', N 267 
 
 Mooney, M. C 597 
 
 Moore, Alexander 183,186 
 
 Moore, Nathaniel 314 
 
 Moore, Samuel 266 
 
 Morgan, D.ivid 184,186,204, 279 
 
 Morgan. Col. George N 188 
 
 Moriii. Francis 3'U 
 
 Morrell, A.C 185 
 
 Morrill, Ashley C 186 
 
 ^Moirison, .\. C. 
 Morrison, H.G.O.. 
 
 598 
 597 
 
 Jlornson, Clintiui 59S 
 
 Miuri^on, Dorilns 184 
 
 .Morriscm. Francis 283 
 
 ilorrison.S. D 28.'5 
 
 Morin. Joseph 3J1 
 
 Mortimer,E.W 598 
 
 Mortimer, G. W . 599 
 
 Moses, Elias 599 
 
 Morse, Elisha 598 
 
 Morse, FrankL 598 
 
 Morse. Frank L 186 
 
 Morse, George A 598 
 
 Mosseaux. Charles 340 
 
 Monlton. E. H 599 
 
 Moulton.K 599 
 
 Mu.lgett. A. H 599 
 
 JIueller, John B 599 
 
 Mueller, LonsC 599 
 
 Midliken, Wm 599 
 
 Munch, Capt. Emit 1.34, 210 
 
 Munger, Albert S 493,599 
 
 .Minison, J. W 600 
 
 -Mitrphv.A 6O0 
 
 Muriiny. E Iward 173,374 
 
 Mnrphv, John H 183, 501 
 
 Miisser, J. P 600 
 
 M nher. W 600 
 
 Mvers, C. W 600 
 
 Mvers. Jacob 291 
 
 Mvers, W. D 600 
 
 Mvrick. Nathan 138 
 
 Navratil. Frank 602 
 
 Neill, Rev. EdwanI D. .188,305, 
 
 444, 467, 470, 472, 600, 635 
 
 Neill, Richard 214 
 
 Nelson. B. F 6U2 
 
 Nelson. Petrns 186 
 
 Nelson, An lew H 602 
 
 Ne son. Thomas, "Forday" 602 
 
 Ness. H. T 603 
 
 Nettleton.Gen. .\. B 602 
 
 Newborn, August 601
 
 INDEX. 
 
 711 
 
 PACE 
 
 Newell. E.D 255 
 
 Newell. Geo. K 557, C(i4 
 
 Neudeck, Lewis 003 
 
 Neiiileck, Louis W 604 
 
 Newman, E 604 
 
 NiclKils, G. H (504 
 
 Niggler, Kiulolph 2!i5 
 
 Niim J. Newton 604 
 
 Nobles, rol. Wm. H 130 
 
 Nohle. Wni. G COS 
 
 Noel,,!. P 605 
 
 Niierenbei-g, August J 605 - 
 
 Noerenbeig, F. L) 6(J5 
 
 Nolan, , James 6i'5 
 
 Noonan. Davii 321 
 
 Noinian. Jolin 605 
 
 North, , John W 183,364,4*9 409 
 
 Nortbiup, Anson IHS, 364. 375, 
 
 488, 497, 606 
 
 Northiup. N. .T 225 
 
 Norton, Harvey S 308 
 
 Norris, J. W 291 
 
 Norris, lioliert W 291 
 
 Norris, W. H 605 
 
 Nott, W.S 606 
 
 Nour.se, George A 186 
 
 Nudd, W.H (i07 
 
 N\berL',W... 6ii7 
 
 Olierlies, .lolm 3.56 
 
 O'Brien, l>enis 607 
 
 O'Brien . Capt. Henry D 204 
 
 Odell, (Jeorge 187,213 
 
 Odell, HnwardC 221 
 
 Ofstie, .lolin E 6u8 
 
 Ofteilal, Gust. M 608 
 
 Oftedal .s COS 
 
 O'Gornian, Lieut 141 
 
 Ohm. Thomas 2.S6 
 
 Ohrnnuult, Otto 327 
 
 O'Leary.G. VV 267 
 
 Oleson, ,J. H 60S 
 
 Oliver, H. C 60R 
 
 Olmslead, David 176 
 
 Olsen, Simon 608 
 
 Olson, Otio T 608 
 
 0'Mera,.I"hn 316 
 
 O'Neil, G. I), 008 
 
 Ojiitz, Albert A 327 
 
 Orff, (ieorge W 608 
 
 Ormand. Alexander T 608 
 
 Orth, Edward 609 
 
 Ortli,.Iohn ti09 
 
 Grander. P 609 
 
 Oswald, H 283 
 
 Oswald, .lao"b 321 
 
 Oswald , J G 609 
 
 Oswald, U 350 
 
 Otis, George L 1.57 
 
 Ottawav, 'riionias 336 
 
 Overncker. 1. W 609 
 
 Overlock, E. W 609 
 
 Overlook, ,James H 609 
 
 Owens, E. A 610 
 
 Oxborongh. Thomas 230 
 
 Page, E. H 255 
 
 Page. Thom is 216 
 
 Pagenkonf, John 2.57 
 
 Paine, William B 236 
 
 Palmer, A liram 230 
 
 Palmer, .Touathan 6I0 
 
 Palmer..!. T 2H0 
 
 Palmer, L, R .. 186 
 
 Palmer, Wilber 230 
 
 Palmes, A. .J 6I0 
 
 J'arker, Benjamin 187 
 
 Parker, Dr. ('. H 610 
 
 Parker, Daviii C 610 
 
 Parker, Daniel G 3.37 
 
 Parker, James M 187, 337 
 
 Parker, L.N 610 
 
 Partridge, Henry A 186, 489 
 
 Park«, (ieorge 18:' 
 
 Parmeiiter. G. W 610 
 
 Parmenter. E. G 610 
 
 Parmenrer, H. M 610 
 
 Parrish, P. 276 
 
 Past, John G 184, 288 
 
 Past. John H 3.37 
 
 Patell. LulheV 303, 494 
 
 Patch-n,E 183 
 
 Patterson, F. F 610 
 
 Patterson, John 611 
 
 Palters n, Levi N oil 
 
 Patten, J. M 351 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Paul, J. H 611 
 
 Panlle, L 611 
 
 P nlv., lames 611 
 
 Pavitt, S. N 2;t" 
 
 Pavitt, W H 327 
 
 Pavne. James M 207 
 
 Pays, Capt. J 175 
 
 Pease, H. M 249 
 
 Pfirce, Thomas W., 174, 184,341, .351 
 
 Peirniinet. F. M 611 
 
 Pence, .John W 498, 611 
 
 Penney,!. L 611 
 
 I'erkins, Ellet P 204 
 
 Perkins, Dr. Edward K 2.55 
 
 Perkins, Geo. F 612 
 
 Perkins. John 263 
 
 Peteler. Capt. Francis 133, 205 
 
 Peters. Catherine 327 
 
 Peters, Thomas 221 
 
 Peters. Herman J 612 
 
 Peterson, .\ndrew 012 
 
 Pet'ison,A.G . ... 012 
 
 Peterson, Ghristiau 351 
 
 Peters(ni. Fied 351 
 
 Peter.S(Ui. H. 612 
 
 Petersen. I. G 612 
 
 Petersen, Oliver 612 
 
 Peterson, Martin 612 
 
 IVtersoii, P.M 230 
 
 Peterson, W. P 284 
 
 Pettit,G. H 184 
 
 Peitijohn, Eli 183,215 
 
 Petit. John 359 
 
 Pettingill. M 613 
 
 Petlit, William 187 
 
 Pelra<ch, John 612 
 
 Plielps, E. J 613 
 
 Phelps, Sewell 187 
 
 Phelps Sherman 32'i' 
 
 Phillips, George C 245 
 
 Phillips, Nalhan O 354, 3.56 
 
 Phipps. William 613 
 
 Pike, Lieut. Zebulon Montgomery 162 
 
 Pillsbnry, Charles A 1.85, 613 
 
 Fillsbury, Charles F : 613 
 
 I'illsbury, Fred. C 613 
 
 J'illsburv, George A 499, 613 
 
 Pillsbnry, Hon. John S., 184, 1.59, 160 
 481,499, 613 
 
 Pinault. Dr. N. J 297 
 
 Place. D. N 221 
 
 Ploch, C. E 614 
 
 Plumnier, Frank 186, 613 
 
 Plummei', Henry .S 183 
 
 Plnmmer, J.P 187, 489 
 
 Plummer, Capt, John W 186, 203 
 
 Plnmmer, Ij.P 186 
 
 Poage. Miss Sarah 227 
 
 Pomarleaii. Geo 614 
 
 Pomei'oy, E. F , 614 
 
 Ponieroy, Geo. W 291 
 
 I'omerov. .!. L 614 
 
 I'oiid, Kev. Gideon H., 169, 174. 183 
 222, 227,. 232, 468 
 
 !'ond,J. H 185 
 
 PoiKl, Kev. S. W 169 
 
 Pottle. J. M 370, 615 
 
 I'oi viu. .toseph 294 
 
 I'onliol. I! 'iiiain 276 
 
 Poiiiiiki'. lienjainih 317 
 
 P<iwer. Father T. L 614 
 
 Powers. John F ■ 313 
 
 Pratt, F. E 616 
 
 Pral t, K. L 350 
 
 Pratt, Stephen 3.50 
 
 Pray, Otis A 565, 615 
 
 Prescott, A. E 615 
 
 Prescott, Philander 173.213, 340 
 
 Pribble, J. T 186, 297 
 
 Pribble. .Seth P 291 
 
 Pribble. Turner 301 
 
 I'ride, John W 188, '204 
 
 Priest, L. A 615 
 
 I'riest, VV. H 616 
 
 Prior.G. H 615 
 
 Proebl, Charles 616 
 
 I'rohl. Henrv 337 
 
 Provan. J. J 616 
 
 !*utnam (ieori^e VV 185 
 
 Putnant.Capt. Henry R 189 
 
 Quinn, Mrs. Maty Louisa 2'26 
 
 Quiiin. Peter 175,222,359 
 
 Qnidy, Peter 016 
 
 yuady, Robert 616 
 
 x> ■ , T, . PAGE 
 
 Raiche, Peter 294 
 
 Radiutz. F 337 
 
 Rainey, Thomas G 616 
 
 Ramsey, Hon. Alexander ... 131, 
 
 „ , „ „ . '3 , 14.5, 1.5.3, 178, 247 
 
 Randall, Benjamin H ]83 
 
 Rank, John P 617 
 
 Rankin, LS igg 
 
 Riiukiiig, Christian '..'."" 321 
 
 Rantonl. Itobert 177 36I 
 
 Kaths, N . "617 
 
 Rauen, Jacob 517 
 
 Rauen, Peter 017 
 
 Ranse, William H " \<ts 
 
 Raymond. Thomas... 617 
 
 Raymenton. L. VV 617 
 
 Rea, John P 186,481, 617 
 
 Reacbi^ Joseph 175, 339 
 
 Rees. Gxustavus 618 
 
 Kees.R oig 
 
 Reeves. .J.W 301 
 
 Relll. LouiS 618 
 
 Kp!!]. A. M 185,661', 618 
 
 Reid, F. M CIS 
 
 Reid, i,.M v.::::'' s\l 
 
 Reid. Wm. R e s 
 
 Reidhead, P. W " ' ' 1x4 
 
 lieinking, Frederich 301 
 
 Reiser, George 975 
 
 Reiser, Joseph B "" 975 
 
 Rey, Michael v,\ 
 
 Rhnart. S.T \\',',', gig 
 
 Rice, Hon. Edward 160,176. 487 
 
 Rice, E. A ;. 184 
 
 Rice. Hon. HenrvM..l47, 1.56,176 377 
 Rich, Elijah •>,>■, 
 
 Rich;s.M :':'" iit 
 
 Ri hards, Edmond A 019 
 
 Richardson, Jesse 213 
 
 Ricliardsou, .!. N ^14 
 
 Richardson. Tliomas ' ^14 
 
 Richter, C. H ' J;|q 
 
 Rideont. F. (; 6><) 
 
 Itiggs, Rev. Stephen R 13s, 172 
 
 Riley, Mall hew o 237 
 
 Riley, Rev T. M 519 
 
 Ring, Rev. Jolin ' . . 619 
 
 RiiiKer, Andrew 619 
 
 Ritchie, Peter \'_\\ 236 
 
 Rober, Lewis ." 6'^o 
 
 Robert, A 307 
 
 Robert, Henry "_[ 327 
 
 Robert. Louis " 143 
 
 Roberts, Albert 316 
 
 R'berts, Wm. P ' g^o 
 
 Robertson. James \ gio 
 
 Robertson. James Iv 246 
 
 Robert«on. L. It .,,[ 620 
 
 Robinson. Alfred H ' 246 
 
 Itobinson. A. C 6''0 
 
 Robinsim, Charles 170 oil 
 
 Robinson, Charles N ijiji 
 
 Robinson,!).!^ 820 
 
 Robinson, E. A 176,303, 306 
 
 Robinson, (ieorge R igg 
 
 Robinson, K 213 
 
 Robinson. S.C 621 
 
 Roihl, Nichola.s 337 
 
 Roeller, M 621 
 
 Roemer, Mrs. Eliza,! 002 
 
 Roger.s, B. C 621 
 
 Rogers, G. D Rof 
 
 Rogers. N 621 
 
 Rogers, Richard 622 
 
 Rog>-rs, Ricliard C 622 
 
 Rohlling. Frederick 246 
 
 Eollius, Capt. .tohn...l78. ISO, 183 
 
 365, .368, 487, 494, 631, 622 
 
 Rollins. M. B 6'.;3 
 
 Itoliit, Rev. Charles 215 
 
 Rolph, W.T ; 623 
 
 Rondo, Joseph 359 
 
 Roots, J.W 623 
 
 Rosaiuler. A. J 276 
 
 Itosbach, Nic. A .'.' 62;) 
 
 Rose. A. S. F 623 
 
 Ross, Samuel ig4 
 
 Rosser. Gen. T. L 623 
 
 Roth. Barney 624 
 
 Roth. 11. A 624 
 
 Jtothaker. Ghas. L '. 624 
 
 Itoths, Janol) 33g 
 
 Rongier. Nelson " 2.17 
 
 Rouse, W. H 185
 
 712 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 PAGE 
 KnWP. r. H ti-'4 
 
 UiimiH, Aiii;ii><t H B-'4 
 
 Knssell, Alheit W G25 
 
 Kiisseli, I.ifiu.J. B. F 134. 177 
 
 Kll^scll, K, v.. 17(i, :i59.3Cn,4S7,.'i:». iv'4 
 
 Kiissi-11 C^ |>t. William F 1S4, 2a5 
 
 Kust.Oci). H BL'5 
 
 K\Mn,.r"liii W 625 
 
 R\an, I'Mlrick A 221 
 
 Kvaii. S.W 625 
 
 Kvlii'l}.'. .Inliii 625 
 
 Salhula.H. R 626 
 
 Siilzeder, Kev. Louis 626 
 
 Sihshurv. Dr. A. H 626 
 
 Sali.sbiiiv. T. <; 6i6 
 
 SHirple.Ki-v. R. F 626 
 
 Saiiiiisi.il, I,. F 2.'J5 
 
 Saiii|is(iii, Waiien 2il4 
 
 Saiilioni. A 627 
 
 Smilioni.C. B 3.51 
 
 KaiibHin.Cii.n. Jolin B...132, 134, 104 
 
 Samlcrs.N.H 2.57 
 
 SaiMihdrt. AiitnistF S.W 
 
 SandlKitr. H.-rnian A 338 
 
 Sa 1 1 crl.-i-. Rev. W. \V 627 
 
 Savacf.N W 627 
 
 Savdii. Jiiliii 627 
 
 Sawti-llp, Alcmzo 213 
 
 Sfaie-i. Eiiward A — 221 
 
 Sciifii'ld,.!. I> 230 
 
 Sd.lield. M.F 628 
 
 Scliiitii-ld. Miss Mar.vA 182 
 
 Srnit. Haivv E 256 
 
 Siott Ht'iiiv H 62!) 
 
 Scdtt. tien.VVinfleld 163 
 
 Sdiaar, Anion 276 
 
 Hidlaal'. JdSeph 276 
 
 Scliac'fer, .Tacob 186 
 
 Scharcrs. Albeit t27 
 
 Sella if. v\ln 628 
 
 Scheillin G 627 
 
 Scliellmn' A 628 
 
 Si-liert', ( liarles 628 
 
 Scliifbi-.Carl Sr 338 
 
 Scblfiiei-. .liilHi A 628 
 
 Schiiii'dcinan. Paul 628 
 
 Scliniidt, Cliailes 628 
 
 Srbmidl. FiedcTick. H. B 338 
 
 Scliinidl. Fritz 297 
 
 Scliinilz, Hennis 187,338 
 
 ScMineidei-, Kev.J 628 
 
 Scll(lb.T, A 628 
 
 Suliiickweilcr, Jolin 629 
 
 Srbieiber, Chi isuan 292 
 
 Sclirodi-r. Fred 629 
 
 Scbnieiiberg. Josepli 629 
 
 Sclinelte. Fred 321 
 
 Sebniler. I'eler 284 
 
 Solinize, Henry 62!) 
 
 Seanians, Silas A 2.56 
 
 SebiiSki, .Iiilm 184 
 
 Secdinbe, David A 184, 186, 149 
 
 Sep^;er. William 158 
 
 SeHev.l.C 629 
 
 Seidell. H. E 629 
 
 .Si-i'nion, Geo 629 
 
 Setzler. Geo 292 
 
 Sbanlon. Edwaid D 246 
 
 Shatlo, C. W 630 
 
 Sliaver, Bavard T 246 
 
 Sbaver, Beniaid G 246 
 
 Si'baver, Eiiiridge A 24B 
 
 Shaver, .Fames 176 
 
 Shaver. James Jr 2.18 
 
 Shaver. Sarah C 246 
 
 Shaw, Geo. K 630 
 
 Shiiw. J. M 6.-0 
 
 Sheehan. Lleirt, T, .1 137 
 
 Slieldc.n, l!ev.CliailesB.,184, 186, 256 
 
 Slie lev. AVm. H 141 
 
 Shepherd, N 352 
 
 Shipp.ird, Dr. Mark H 276 
 
 Sherlmnie, M If5 
 
 Sherburne & White 630 
 
 Sherwood, .John W 630 
 
 Sherwood. M. R 630 
 
 Shook. Nonnau 265 
 
 Shoop. A. D 284 
 
 Shi e« slimy. Frank 267 
 
 Slnewsl uri, Irwin 184, 265 
 
 Shnek.Dr. A. W 276 
 
 Shuler, B. P 214, Kll 
 
 Sluiler, R G 6tl 
 
 Shumacher, H 276 
 
 TAGR 
 
 Slmmwav, J. P 284 
 
 Sihlev, Gov. H. H., 129. l.W, 14.5, 
 
 150, 162, 171, 176, 366 
 
 Sidle. H.G 397, 426. 41!1 
 
 Sidle. J. K 397, 426, 4l:i 
 
 Slevers. F 631 
 
 Simoii-on. P 631 
 
 Siniiison, William 2;i6 
 
 Siinjisnii. riionias 329 
 
 Sipe. Epliriam 316 
 
 Skinner. C. ,M 6.n 
 
 Skinner. L.J 631 
 
 Skinner.O. B 631 
 
 Slaler, (4. A 2.56 
 
 Slaler. Geoiu'e 306 
 
 Sloan. Thomas 631 
 
 Shicnni. Franic 186 
 
 Sly. (iilhert 221 
 
 Slv. William W 631 
 
 Small, f 352 
 
 Smart, r. H 632 
 
 Sinait, Robert J 292 
 
 Sniihi, ,1. L 221 
 
 Smilll. Albee 186, 22.5, 632 
 
 Andrew J 18.5, 2ii2 
 
 Col. B. F 145. 146 
 
 C. A 3.52 
 
 C. H 632 
 
 Chas W 186, 632 
 
 De Witt Clinton 187, 297 
 
 Delano T 184 
 
 E. M 633 
 
 F. L 632 
 
 G eorpe 633 
 
 Fieeman, H 221 
 
 (Jeoifie 633. 
 
 GeoineF 633 
 
 Ge.'iKeH 292 
 
 G. W 267 
 
 Harris N 292 
 
 J. A 633 
 
 Jason W 633 
 
 J. R 633 
 
 James .352 
 
 Smilll, Nils 352 
 
 Smith. Hon. Robert 372 
 
 Smilh.Tbeo. "W 6.33 
 
 Snelhng, .John 176 
 
 Siielliiif;. Col. Joslah 163 
 
 Sinder. C. L 633 
 
 Snyder, S. P 6.34 
 
 Sonnen. Joseph 6;t4 
 
 Spattord, Eii« aid 292 
 
 Spafford . .1. D 277 
 
 Spattord, W. A 277 
 
 Spanldinpc, Z. D 256 
 
 Spanldnif;, W. A 634 
 
 Spear, Charles H 204 
 
 Spear, Edward Jr 634 
 
 Speek. R 634 
 
 Spi-nce. Baptist .360 
 
 Speneer, Geo. H 138 
 
 Spillane. David 634 
 
 Slahr, J.H 634 
 
 Stammwiiz, Carl G 635 
 
 Stanehtield. Daniel 177, 184 
 
 Standish. F. G 230 
 
 Slankard, George M 246 
 
 Stanley. E. R 223 
 
 Stansfield. James 221 
 
 Stanton, Dr. Nathan 233 
 
 Staling, John H 237 
 
 SlariiiK, Jonas 237 
 
 Stebbins CM 6.35 
 
 Slebbms, Ed. S 635 
 
 Steele, E. H 638 
 
 Steele, Fianklin. 163, 174. 177, 18.5, 
 
 216. 3.58, 364, 369, 488, 494, 635 
 
 Steele. Franklin Jr 638 
 
 Steftes, Nick 638 
 
 Slephens. J. F 638 
 
 Sletson, Frank L... 638 
 
 Stetson. H. A 639 
 
 Stetson, W. C 492. 639 
 
 Stevens, Charles T .. 183 
 
 Stevens, Col. John H., 147, 1T3, 
 
 1';. 183, 186, 248, 362, 371, 480, 639 
 
 Stevens, Rev. J. D 171 
 
 Stevens, Miss Lucy 171 
 
 Sieveiis, Frank 639 
 
 Stevens, R. S 187 
 
 Sleven^, Simon 176,238 
 
 Stevens, William 292 
 
 Stewart, A 216 
 
 lA GE 
 
 Stewart. Barnard C 237 
 
 Slew a It. Rev. Daniel 639 
 
 Mewait. L. M 640 
 
 Siiiison. Waieraian 374 
 
 Siinison.C. F 6t0 
 
 Slockt. 11, E.H. 640 
 
 S'one. A 640 
 
 Sionjih. Samuel 176, 212 
 
 Slowcil.F. M. 184 
 
 Slraiiaban. J. F (Hi 
 
 Stroi'jr. John H 185 
 
 Slroihmaii, E. E 640 
 
 Slroiiinian. J. H 641 
 
 Stroiit.Capl.Riehard.147, 186, 213, 51,2 
 
 Sinblis.C. R 277 
 
 Slnblis. Henry 277 
 
 Si\ner. Daniel S 267 
 
 Sullivan. Daniel 641 
 
 Siill\, (ion. Alfred 134, 1.53 
 
 Sully, .lames 187 
 
 Si 1 inner. Elmer H 641 
 
 Sulherland. Bvron 641 
 
 Snllon. W. D 641 
 
 Sverdrnp. (ieorge 641 
 
 Svkes. E. T 642 
 
 Swanberir. N. P 641 
 
 Swaiison. C. .1 356 
 
 Sweiisen. Piter P 641 
 
 Swittt. O. T 642 
 
 Swiek. .losepU 642 
 
 Taniin, J. W 642 
 
 Taopi. Indian 150 
 
 Tapper. Capt. John,. .177, 352, 369, 375 
 
 Tale. Melvm C W2 
 
 Tamiies, Adam ' 267 
 
 Tant;;es. Peter 268 
 
 Ta\lor, A. B 642 
 
 Tayloi. Arnold W 364 
 
 Tavlor.B. 1 642 
 
 Taylor, F. C 643 
 
 Taylor. H. B 368 
 
 Teas, Gibson 277 
 
 Temsteot, Johannes 643 
 
 Tenant. I'. E 643 
 
 Tennant.t;. H 643 
 
 Tenny.John 1 186 
 
 Terrv, (Jen. Alfred H 162 
 
 Tidd, Isaiah 644 
 
 Tilleny. L 3.52 
 
 Tirreli, Cheslev B 185, 204, 237 
 
 Tiiikelpaimh. J. B 645 
 
 Tissot. Rev. Feli.N 645 
 
 Tilteriid.E. M 645 
 
 Titus. O. H &45 
 
 Tharalson, A 185, 643 
 
 Tliaver, A. A 292 
 
 Tlia\er, Rev. Charles 265 
 
 1 haver, Divid B 297 
 
 Tlayer, Samuel R 186 
 
 Theobald, Louis 643 
 
 Tliibodean, B 643 
 
 Theilen. Charles 643 
 
 Thirv, Frank 3.56 
 
 TlKimas.Col. Minor T 151, 199 
 
 Thomley, Anthoney 644 
 
 Thomson, Auglistili 266 
 
 Thompson, A. P 223 
 
 Thompson, Clark W 147 
 
 Thompson. E. P 644 
 
 Thompson. J., Jr 185 
 
 Thompson, John 644 
 
 Tlioiiipsou,.John 644 
 
 Thompson, J.H 644 
 
 Thiniipson, .1. M 644 
 
 Thompson, Nathaniel K 186 
 
 Tliompson.R. B 644 
 
 Thompson, T 644 
 
 Thorhdike. Francis 184 
 
 ThoJiiton. Fiank M 214 
 
 Thinner, G. W 187 
 
 Todd. Julius C 645 
 
 Todd. R. C 645 
 
 Tollelson.A 645 
 
 Tornqvi-t, G. E 646 
 
 Tuscany. I, 645 
 
 Tonslev.O.V 186, 6t6 
 
 Towers, F. E 646 
 
 Toweis, S. I 646 
 
 Toweis, S. 1 646 
 
 Towne, L. M 645 
 
 To«iisend,G. B 646 
 
 Townseiiil, Geo. W 213 
 
 Townsend, Henrv, Jr 213 
 
 Towusend, Henry 186. 213
 
 INDEX. 
 
 (13 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Townsend, Miss Mary 214 
 
 Towiiseiul, Robert 213 
 
 Townsenil, William H 184 
 
 Ti acy, C. W 646 
 
 Traeger, August 646 
 
 Trott, William 327 
 
 Trussel, J. H 301 
 
 TscluiiJy. J. J 293 
 
 Tuckey, E. A 237 
 
 Turner, P. H 250 
 
 Turnhani, .1 277 
 
 Turtle, Calvin A., 173, 176, 184, 238, 361 
 
 370, 373, 4911 
 
 Twomblev, Abraliani 306 
 
 Twist.J. D 277 
 
 Tyler, E 307 
 
 Tyler, James A : 647 
 
 Tvler,T. S 647 
 
 rtulerwooo, A. J ISH, 205 
 
 Uehind, A 647 
 
 Uusyaard, John 647 
 
 rpham, Krankliii 047 
 
 Upton, Charles H 047 
 
 Cpton. K. 1' W7 
 
 \'ail, (;. T 548, 6S0 
 
 Valentine, A. T Gol 
 
 \'alcntine, L. D 651 
 
 Vaugsnes. O. 1* 650 
 
 Van Cleve, Charlotte, 648 
 
 Van Cleve, Gen. Horatio P.. .133, 
 
 134, 191, 494, 468, 648 
 
 Van Cleve. S. H 6,50 
 
 Van der llorck, Capt. J 148 
 
 Vanderburgh, Hon. Charles K, 
 
 185, 470, 487, 488, 651 
 
 Vanhorn, Milo 651 
 
 Van Ness, (iarrittJr 230 
 
 Van Vest, Hiram 353 
 
 Van Valkenburg, Henry 6.51 
 
 Van Valkenberg, N. C 651 
 
 Veine. John 302 
 
 Von .Minden, Capt 134 
 
 Vorwerk, Louis 651 
 
 Wabasha, {Indi,an,) 150 
 
 Wagner, Leonard 284 
 
 Wales Bros., Arthur & Phillip. . 6.52 
 
 Walcs.C. E 6.52 
 
 Wales, W. W. Jr 293, 6.52 
 
 Walke.C.B 653 
 
 Wal ker, K. C 653 
 
 \\ alker, (;. F 653 
 
 Walker, J. G 653 
 
 Walker, Johns 186 
 
 Walker, Maj. L. 147, 181 
 
 Wal ker, T. B 652 
 
 Wall.Mr.s. John 653 
 
 Walsh, E.F 277 
 
 PACK 
 
 Walsh, Mathew 663 
 
 Walter, John 653 
 
 Walton, Swan , 6.53 
 
 Wamboldt.A.W 277 
 
 Ward, Charles H 187, 293 
 
 Warner, Geo. F 653 
 
 Warner, N. F 6.54 
 
 Warwick, Thomas 293 
 
 Washburn, John 054 
 
 Washburn, Hon. W. D.. 184, 481, 
 
 475, 654 
 
 Washburn, William P 654 
 
 Washington, (ieorge 208 
 
 Watkins, Samuel 176 
 
 Watson, John 654 
 
 Weaver, .losiah 327 
 
 Webb, F. W 321 
 
 Weidenbach. A 208 
 
 Weiuand, Peter 321 
 
 Weinant, Peter 185 
 
 Weinard. Frederick 6,54 
 
 Weingert. Peter 655 
 
 Weitzel, Frank 304 
 
 Welch, Mai 148 
 
 Wellman, E 297 
 
 Welles, H. T., 175, 367, 370, 370,378, 
 
 472, 476, 6.55 
 
 Wells, Chas. L 0.56 
 
 Wells. G. 655 
 
 Wensingei-, John 656 
 
 Wentworth, Frank 656 
 
 Werthmann, J 656 
 
 West,E. B 657 
 
 West, John 493, 6,56 
 
 West, Capt 134 
 
 . West, William Jr B30 
 
 Westling, Andrew G 657 
 
 Westling, L. J 057 
 
 Westphal. August 321 
 
 Westphal.H. A G.56 
 
 WethernLGeorge 293 
 
 Whalon, Henry 222 
 
 Whalon, Martiu S 222 
 
 Whipple, J. C 142 
 
 Whipple, Knight H 246 
 
 Whipiilo, :\liltiin 6.57 
 
 Whilcoiiib, I'apt.Geo.C 147, 209 
 
 Whiteoiub, .S. U 6.58 
 
 White, Edwin 6.57 
 
 White, Wm.O 657 
 
 Whitehouse, William T 262 
 
 Whitney, Franklin iSo 
 
 Whitney, Josepli C 184, 198, 657 
 
 Whitney, O. B 658 
 
 Wickings, W. C 658 
 
 Wilcox, J. F 658 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Wilkin, Col. Alexander, 151, 155, 
 
 200 231 
 
 Williams, Dr. A. D .'293 
 
 Williams, DaviJ 658 
 
 Williams, George 6.58 
 
 Williams, Henry 658 
 
 Williams, J. C 186 
 
 Williams, John (Brooldyn) 293 
 
 Williams, John 268 
 
 Williams, Jesse T 658 
 
 Williams, Martin S 658 
 
 Willianjs. S. M 6.59 
 
 Williams, Thomas Hale 367 
 
 Williamson, J. M 328, 655 
 
 Williamson, Kev. Tlios. S , M. D. 
 
 138,171, 168 
 
 Wilson, Charles 361 
 
 Wilson, Eugene M 185, 206, 409 
 
 Wilson, G. B 059 
 
 Wilson, Horace 187,214 
 
 Wilson, John 659 
 
 Wilson, Jos. P 659 
 
 Wilson, M.D 6.59 
 
 Wilson, W 214 
 
 Wilmot, L. B 328 
 
 Winchell,N. H 555, 659 
 
 Wing, Uev. K. W 660 
 
 Wing, Thomas 660 
 
 Winnell. P 184 
 
 Winter, Henry T 660 
 
 Witbeck, Stephen L 214 
 
 Witt, Charles 284 
 
 Wold, O. G 661 
 
 Wolf , Anton 284 
 
 Wolf, Jacob 237 
 
 Wolter, Christian 293 
 
 Wolverton Jacob 186, 489, 661 
 
 Woodbury, C.T 185 
 
 Woodburv, Uwight 184 
 
 Woodbury, H . . .' 367 
 
 Woods, C. H 488, 661 
 
 Woods, M 661 
 
 Woodward, D 257 
 
 Woodward, E. J 213 
 
 Woodward, W. W 213, 346 
 
 Woodworth. E. P 328 
 
 Woolley, John G 661 
 
 Wooster, Dr. S. J 277 
 
 Worrall. James C 601 
 
 Young, Judge A . H 1 85, 488, GG2 
 
 Young, James D 314, 376 
 
 Younger Boys 1.59 
 
 York.K. W 601 
 
 Zahner, Frank 002 
 
 Zeron, Nathanial, 602 
 
 Zirbes, William 284
 
 DATE DUE 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 GAYLORD 
 
 
 
 PRINTED IN U.S.A. 
 
 D 000 
 
 ^o" ---OD 2
 
 if^i0^ 
 
 
 
 ^^i:?HP?:Kr^>^^'-=S-- ^ 
 
 iii.