S\ 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS No. 3 (1921). 
 
 r 7 a 
 
 
 DEAFT MANDATES 
 
 FOK 
 
 MESOPOTAMIA AND PALESTINE 
 
 .s Submitted for the Approval of the League of Nations. 
 
 Presented to Parliament by Command of His Majesty. 
 
 md. 1176.] 
 
 LONDON: 
 
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 HIS MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE. 
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 or from E. PONSONBY. Ltd.. 116, Grafton Street, Dublin. 
 
 1921. 
 Price 2d. Wet. 
 
 
s\i 
 
 Draft Mandates. 
 
 <v 
 
 No. 1. 
 
 Draft of the Mandate for Mesopotamia as submitted by Mr. Balfour on December 1 *!, 
 1920, to the Secretariat-General of the League of Nations for the approval \>f 
 the Council of the League of Nations. 
 
 The Council of the League of Nations. 
 
 WHEREAS by Article 132 of the Treaty of Peace signed at Sevres on the 
 tenth day of August, 1920, Turkey renounced in favour of the Principal Allied 
 Powers all rights ai)d title over Mesopotamia, and whereas by Article 94 of the said 
 treaty the High Contracting Parties agreed that Mesopotamia should, in accordance 
 with the fourth paragraph of Article 22 of Part I (Covenant of the League of 
 Nations), be provisionally recognised as an independent State, subject to the 
 rendering of administrative advice and assistance by a Mandatory until such time 
 as it is able to stand alone, and that the determination of the frontiers of 
 Mesopotamia, other than those laid down in the said treaty, and the selection of the 
 Mandatory would be made by the Principal Allied Powers ; and 
 
 Whereas the Principal Allied Powers have selected His Britannic Majesty as 
 Mandatory for Mesopotamia ; and 
 
 Whereas the terms of the Mandate in respect of Mesopotamia have been 
 formulated in the following terms and submitted to the Council of the League for 
 approval; and 
 
 Whereas His Britannic Majesty has accepted the Mandate in respect of the said 
 territories and undertaken to exercise it on behalf of the League of Nations in 
 conformity with the following provisions ; 
 
 Hereby approves the terms of the said Mandate as follows : — 
 
 Article 1. 
 
 The Mandatory will frame within the shortest possible time, not exceeding 
 three years from the date of the coming into force of this Mandate, an Organic 
 Law for Mesopotamia. This Organic Law shall be framed in consultation with 
 the native authorities, and shall take account of the rights, interests and wishes 
 of all the populations inhabiting the mandated territory. It shall contain provi- 
 sions designed to facilitate the progressive development of Mesopotamia as an 
 independent State. Pending the coming into effect of the organic law, the adminis- 
 tration of Mesopotamia shall be conducted in accordance with the spirit of this 
 Mandate. 
 
 Article 2. 
 
 The Mandatory may maintain troops in the territories under his Mandate for the 
 defence of these territories. Until the entry into force of the Organic Law and the 
 re-establishment of public security, he may organise and employ local forces necessary 
 for the maintenance of order and for the defence of these territories. Such forces 
 may only be recruited from the inhabitants of the territories under the Mandate. 
 
 The said local forces shall thereafter be responsible to the local authorities, 
 subject always to the control to be exercised over these forces by the Mandatory. , 
 who shall not employ them for other than the above-mentioned purposes, except 
 with the consent of the Mesopotamian Government. 
 
 Nothing in this article shall preclude the Mesopotamian Government from 
 contributing to the cost of the maintenance of' any forces maintained by the 
 Mandatory in Mesopotamia. 
 
 The Mandatory shall be entitled at all times to use the roads, railways, and 
 ports of Mesopotamia for the movement of troops and the carriage of fuel and 
 supplies. 
 

 Article 3. 
 
 The Mandatory shall tje entrusted with the control of the foreign relations of 
 Mesopotamia, and the right to issue exequaturs to consuls appointed by foreign 
 Powers. It shall also be entitled to afford diplomatic and consular protection to 
 citizens of Mesopotamia when outside its territorial limits. 
 
 Article 4. 
 
 The Mandatory shall be responsible for seeing that no Mesopotamian territory 
 shall be ceded or leased to or in any way placed under the control of the Government 
 of any foreign Power. 
 
 Article 5 
 
 The immunities and privileges of foreigners, including the benefits of consular 
 jurisdiction and protection as formerly enjoyed by Capitulation or usage in the 
 Ottoman Empire, are definitely abrogated in Mesopotamia. 
 
 Article 6. 
 
 The Mandatory shall be responsible for seeing that the judicial system estab- 
 lished in Mesopotamia shall safeguard (a) the interests of foreigners ; (b) the law, and 
 (to the extent deemed expedient) the jurisdiction now existing in Mesopotamia with 
 regard to questions arising out of the religious beliefs of certain communities (such 
 as the laws of Wakf and personal status). In particular the Mandatory agrees that 
 the control and administration of Wakfs shall be exercised in accordance with 
 religious law and the dispositions of the founders. 
 
 Article 7. 
 
 Pending the making of special extradition agreements with foreign Powers 
 relating to Mesopotamia, the extradition treaties in force between foreign Powers 
 and the Mandatory shall apply to Mesopotamia. 
 
 Article 8. 
 
 The Mandatory will ensure to all complete freedom of conscience and the 
 free exercise of all forms of worship, subject only to the maintenance of public order 
 and morals. No discrimination of any kind shall be made between the 
 inhabitants of Mesopotamia on the ground of race, religion or language. 
 Instruction in and through the medium of the native languages of Mesopotamia 
 shall be promoted by the Mandatory. 
 
 The right of each community to maintain its own schools for the education of 
 its own members in its own language (while conforming to such educational require- 
 ments of a general nature as the Administration may impose) shall not be denied 
 or impaired. 
 
 Article 9. 
 
 Nothing in this Mandate shall be construed as conferring upon the Mandatory 
 authority to interfere with the fabric or the management of the sacred shrines, the 
 immunities of which are guaranteed. 
 
 Article 10. 
 
 The Mandatory shall be responsible for exercising such supervision over 
 missionary enterprise in Mesopotamia as may be required for the maintenance of 
 public order and good government. Subject to such supervision, no measures shall 
 be taken in Mesopotamia to obstruct or interfere with such enterprise or to 
 discriminate against any missionary on the ground of his religion or nationality. 
 
 Article 11. 
 
 The Mandatory must see that there is no discrimination in Mesopotamia against 
 the nationals of any State member of the League of Nations (including companies 
 
 U3 8000 8/21 F.O.P. [5718] B 2 
 
4 
 
 incorporated under the laws of such State) as compared with the nationals of the 
 Mandatory or of any foreign State in matters concerning taxation, commerce or 
 navigation, the exercise of industries or professions, or in the treatment of ships or 
 aircraft. Similarly, there shall be no discrimination in Mesopotamia against goods 
 originating in or destined for any of the said States, and there shall be freedom 
 of transit under equitable conditions across the mandated area. 
 
 Subject as aforesaid the Mesopotamian Government may on the advice of the 
 Mandatory impose such taxes and customs duties as it may consider necessary and 
 take such steps as it may think best to promote the development of the natural 
 resources of the country and to safeguard the interests of the population. 
 
 Nothing in this Article shall prevent the Mesopotamian Government on the 
 advice of the Mandatory, from concluding a special customs arrangement with any 
 State, the territory of which in 1914 was wholly included in Asiatic Turkey or 
 Arabia. 
 
 Article 12. 
 
 The Mandatory will adhere on behalf of Mesopotamia to any general 
 international conventions already existing or that may be concluded hereafter 
 with the approval of the League of Nations respecting the slave traffic, the 
 traffic in arms and ammunition, and the traffic in drugs, or relating to commercial 
 equality, freedom of transit and navigation, laws of aerial navigation, railways and 
 postal, telegraphic and wireless communication, or artistic, literary or industrial 
 property. 
 
 Article 13. 
 
 The Mandatory will secure the co-operation of the Mesopotamian Government, 
 so far as social, religious and other conditions may permit, in the execution of any 
 common policy adopted by the League of Nations for preventing and combating 
 disease, including diseases of plants and animals. 
 
 Article 14. 
 
 The Mandatory will secure the enactment within twelve months from the 
 coming into force of this Mandate, and will ensure the execution of a Law 
 of Antiquities, based on the contents of Article 421 of Part XIII of the Treaty 
 of Peace with Turkey. This law shall replace the former Ottoman Law of 
 Antiquities, and shall ensure equality of treatment in the matter of archaeological 
 research to the nationals of all States, members of the League of Nations. 
 
 Article 15. 
 
 Upon the coming into force of the Organic Law an arrangement shall be made 
 between the Mandatory and the Mesopotamian Government for settling the terms on 
 which the latter will take over Public Works and other services of a permanent 
 character, the benefit of which will pass to the Mesopotamian Government. Such 
 arrangement shall be communicated to the Council of the League of Nations. 
 
 Article 16. 
 
 The Mandatory shall make to the Council of the League of Nations an annual 
 report as to the measures taken during the year to carry out the provisions of the 
 Mandate. Copies of all laws and regulations promulgated or issued during the 
 year shall be communicated with the report. 
 
 Article 17. 
 
 The consent of the Council of the League of Nations is required for any 
 modification of the terms of the present Mandate, provided that in the case of any 
 modification proposed by the Mandatory such consent may be given by a majority 
 of the Council. 
 
 [6718] 
 
'. A 1 -', :,, ::' '•••' '•'•• '■'•' '•'''• 
 
 If any dispute whatever should arise between the members of the League of 
 Nations relating to the interpretation or the application of these provisions which 
 cannot be settled by negotiation, this dispute shall be submitted to the Permanent 
 Court of International Justice provided for by Article 14 of the Covenant of the 
 League of Nations. 
 
 The present copy shall be deposited in the archives of the League of Nations. 
 Certified copies shall be forwarded by the Secretary-General of the League of Nations 
 to all Powers Signatories of the Treaty of Peace with Turkey. 
 
 Made at the day of 
 
 No. 2. 
 
 Draft of the Mandate for Palestine as submitted by Mr. Balfour on December 7, 
 1920, to the Secretariat-General of the League of Nations for the approval of 
 the Council of the League of Nations. 
 
 The Council of the League of Nations. 
 
 WHEEEAS by Article 132 of the Treaty of Peace signed at Sevres on the tenth 
 day of August, 1920, Turkey renounced in favour of the Principal Allied Powers 
 all rights and title over Palestine ; and 
 
 Whereas by Article 95 of the said treaty the High Contracting Parties agreed 
 to entrust, by application of the provisions of Article 22, the Administration of 
 Palestine, within such boundaries as might be determined by the Principal Allied 
 Powers, to a Mandatory to be selected by the said Powers ; and 
 
 Whereas by the same article the High Contracting Parties further agreed that 
 the Mandatory should be responsible for putting into effect the declaration originally 
 made on November 2, 1917, by the Government of His Britannic Majesty, and 
 adopted by the other Allied Powers, in favour of the establishment in Palestine of a 
 national home for the Jewish people, it being clearly understood that nothing should 
 be done which might prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non- Jewish 
 communities in Palestine, or the rights and political status enjoyed by Jews in any 
 other country ; and 
 
 Whereas recognition has thereby been given to the historical connection of the 
 Jewish people with Palestine and to the grounds for reconstituting their National 
 Home in that country ; and 
 
 Whereas the Principal Allied Powers have selected His Britannic Majesty as 
 the Mandatory for Palestine; and 
 
 Whereas the terms of the Mandate in respect of Palestine have been formulated 
 in the following terms and submitted to the Council of the League for approval ; and 
 
 Whereas His Britannic Majesty has accepted the Mandate in respect of 
 Palestine and undertaken to exercise it on behalf of the League of Nations in 
 conformity with the following provisions ; 
 
 Hereby approves the terms of the said mandate as follows : — 
 
 Article 1. 
 
 His Britannic Majesty shall have the right to exercise as Mandatory all the 
 powers inherent in the Government of a sovereign State, save as they may be limited 
 by the terms of the present Mandate. 
 
 Article 2. 
 
 The Mandatory shall be responsible for placing the country under such political, 
 administrative and economic conditions as will secure the establishment of the Jewish 
 national home, as laid down in the preamble, and the development of self-governing 
 institutions, and also for safe-guarding the civil and religious rights of all the 
 inhabitants of Palestine, irrespective of race and religion. 
 
 Article 3. 
 
 The Mandatory shall encourage the widest measure of self-government for 
 localities consistent with the prevailing conditions. 
 
 ■ [5718] B 3 
 
ARTICLE: 4. . . v . 
 
 "i^An- appropriate Jewish agency shall be recognised as a public body for the 
 purpose of advising ahd eo-operating with the Administration of Palestine: in, such 
 economic, social and other matters as may affect the establishment of the Jewish 
 national home and the interests of the Jewish population in Palestine, and, subject 
 always to the control of the Administration, to assist and take part in 'the develop- 
 ment of the country.' 
 
 The Zionist organisation^ so long as its organisation and constitution are in the 
 opinion of the Mandatory appropriate, shall be recognised as such agency. It shall 
 take steps in consultation with His Britannic Majesty's Government to secure the 
 co-operation of all Jews who are willing to assist in the establishment of the Jewish 
 national home. 
 
 Article 5. 
 
 , „,The v Mandatory, shall .be responsible for seeing that no Palestine, territory 
 shall be ceded or leased to, or in anyway placed under the control of the Government 
 of any foreign Power. «w ,<»». 
 
 Art"xcle~6. 
 
 ■ . " 
 The Administration of Palestine, while ensuring that the rights and position of 
 
 other sections of the population are hot prejudiced, shall facilitate Jewish immigra- 
 tion under suitable conditions "and shall encourage in co-operatiOn with the Jewish 
 agency referred to in Article 4 close settlement by Jews on the land,' including State 
 la nds'and waste3land6"fiOt required for public purposes, : - 
 
 bos -." u u Lh ' (' M. *. .; 
 
 The •Administration 1 o£ Palestine will: be responsible for enacting a nationality 
 law. There shall be: included in this law provisions framed so as fco facilitate the 
 acquisition of Palestinian citizenship by Jews who take up their: 'permanent 
 Beshdence in-Falestine. : .;; ots 
 
 - 
 
 Article 8. 
 
 «ua -.: i'V : : . -;.; | ^ ■ ;■ .;,; • 
 
 The immunities and privileges of foreigners, including the benefitsTof consular 
 jurisdiction and protection as: formerly enjoyed; by .Capitulation or usage: in the 
 Ottoman Empire, are definitely abrogated in Palestine. 
 
 Article 9. 
 
 The: Mandatory tsballibe responsible for seeing, that: the- judicial system estab- 
 lished in Palestine shall safeguard (a) the interests of foreigners;'^ the law; anil 
 (to the extent deemed expedient) the jurisdiction now existing in Palestine with 
 regard to questMans arising out of the religious beliefs o'f certain communities' (such 
 as the laws of Wakf and personal status). In particular the Mandatory agrees that 
 the control and administration of "Wakf s shall be -exercised in accordance with 
 religious law and the dispositions of the founders. 
 
 i u 
 
 Article 10. • ^teafB] 
 
 Pending the making of special extradition agreeuaent^.^latrog tOi.PaJes.tine, 
 the extradition treaties in force between the Mandatory and other foreign Powers 
 shall apply to Palestine. g . 
 
 Article 11. 
 LI ! , I laiffdJa 
 2,i -The Administration of Palestineishall take.altnecessaiy measures>to safeguard 
 tihs interests afihe community in connection: with the!: development of the Country 
 and, subject to Article 311 aftheT'reaty.of Peace with Turkey, shall have full power 
 to provide for public ownership or control of any of the natural resources of the 
 country or of the public works, services and utilities established or to be established 
 therejn. It shall introduce a land system appropriate, to t<he needs of, the country, 
 having regard, among other things, to the desirability of promoting the, close settle- 
 ment and intensive cultivation of the land. 
 
The Administration may arrange with the Jewish agency mentioned in Article 4 
 to construct or operate, upon fair and equitable terms, any public works, services and 
 utilities, and to develop any of the natural resources of the country, in so far as 
 these matters are not directly undertaken by the Administration. Any such 
 arrangements shall provide that no profits distributed by such agency, directly or 
 indirectly, shall exceed a reasonable rate of interest on the capital, and any further 
 profits shall be utilised by it for the benefit of the country in a manner approved by 
 the Administration. 
 
 Article 12. 
 
 The Mandatory shall be entrusted with the control of the foreign relations of 
 Palestine, and the right to issue exequaturs to consuls appointed by foreign 
 Powers. It shall also be entitled to afford diplomatic and consular protection to 
 citizens of Palestine when outside its territorial limits. 
 
 Article 13. 
 
 All responsibility in connection with the Holy Places and religious buildings or 
 sites in Palestine, including that of preserving existing rights, of securing free access 
 to the Holy Places, religious buildings and sites and the free exercise of worship, 
 while ensuring the requirements of public order and decorum, is assumed by the 
 Mandatory, who will be responsible solely to the League of Nations in all matters 
 connected therewith : provided that nothing in this Article shall prevent the 
 Mandatory from entering into such arrangement as he may deem reasonable with the 
 Administration for the purpose of carrying the provisions of this Article into 
 effect; and provided also that nothing in this Mandate shall be construed as con- 
 ferring upon the Mandatory authority to interfere with the fabric or the manage- 
 ment of purely Moslem sacred shrines' the immunities of which are guaranteed. 
 
 Article 14. 
 
 In accordance with Article 95 of the Treaty of Peace with Turkey, the 
 Mandatory undertakes to appoint as soon as possible a special Commission to study 
 and regulate all questions and claims relating to the different religious communities. 
 In the composition of this Commission the religious interests concerned will be 
 taken into account. The chairman of the Commission will be appointed by the 
 Council of the League of Nations. It will be the duty of this Commission to ensure 
 that certain Holy Places, religious buildings or sites regarded with special venera- 
 tion by the adherents of one particular religion, are entrusted to the permanent 
 control of suitable bodies representing the adherents of the religion concerned. The 
 selection of the Holy Places, religious buildings or sites so to be entrusted, shall be 
 made by the Commission, subject to the approval of the Mandatory. 
 
 In all cases dealt with under this Article, however, the right and duty of the 
 Mandatory to maintain order and decorum in the place concerned shall not be 
 affected, and the buildings and sites will be subject to the provisions of such laws 
 relating to public monuments as may be enacted in Palestine with the approval of 
 the Mandatory. 
 
 The rights of control conferred under this Article will be guaranteed by the 
 League of Nations. 
 
 Article 15. 
 
 The Mandatory will see that complete freedom of conscience and the free 
 exercise of all forms of worship, subject only to the maintenance of public order and 
 morals, is ensured to all. No discrimination of any kind shall be made between the 
 inhabitants of Palestine on the ground of race, religion or language. No person 
 shall be excluded from Palestine on the sole ground of his religious belief . 
 
 The right of each community to maintain its own schools for the education of 
 its own members in its own language (while conforming to such educational require- 
 ments of a general nature as the Administration may impose) shall not be denied 
 or impaired. 
 
Article 16. 
 
 The Mandatory shall be responsible for exercising such supervision over 
 missionary enterprise in Palestine as may be required for the maintenance of 
 public order and good government. Subject to such supervision, no measures shall 
 be taken in Palestine to obstruct or interfere with such enterprise or to 
 discriminate against any missionary on the ground of his religion or nationality. 
 
 Article 17. 
 
 The Administration of Palestine may organise on a voluntary basis the forces 
 necessary for the preservation of peace and order, and also for the defence of the 
 country, subject, however, to the supervision of the Mandatory, who shall not use 
 them for purposes other than those above specified save with the consent of the 
 Administration of Palestine, and except for such purposes, no military, naval or air 
 forces shall be raised or maintained by the Administration of Palestine. 
 
 Nothing in this Article shall preclude the Administration of Palestine from 
 contributing to the cost of the maintenance of forces maintained by the Mandatory 
 in Palestine. 
 
 The Mandatory shall be entitled at all times to use the roads, railways and ports 
 of Palestine for the movement of troops and the carriage of fuel and supplies. 
 
 Article 18. 
 
 The Mandatory must see that there is no discrimination in Palestine against 
 the nationals of any of the States members of the League of Nations (including 
 companies incorporated under their laws) as compared with those of the Mandatory 
 or of any foreign State in matters concerning taxation, commerce, or navigation, 
 the exercise of industries or professions, or in the treatment of ships or aircraft. 
 Similarly, there shall be no discrimination in Palestine against goods originating 
 in or destined for any of the said States, and there shall be freedom of transit under 
 equitable conditions across the mandated area. 
 
 Subject as aforesaid and to the other provisions of this Mandate the Adminis- 
 tration of Palestine may on the advice of the Mandatory impose such taxes and 
 customs duties as it may consider necessary, and take such steps as it may think best 
 to promote the development of the natural resources of the country and to safeguard 
 the interests of the population. 
 
 Nothing in this Article shall prevent the Government of Palestine on the 
 advice of the Mandatory from concluding a special customs agreement with any 
 State, the territory of which in 1914 was wholly included in Asiatic Turkey or 
 Arabia. 
 
 Article 19. 
 
 The Mandatory will adhere on behalf of the Administration to any general 
 international conventions already existing or that may be concluded hereafter with 
 the approval of the League of Nations respecting the slave traffic, the traffic in arms 
 and ammunition, or the traffic in drugs, or relating to commercial equality, freedom 
 of transit and navigation, aerial navigation and postal, telegraphic and wireless 
 communication or literary, artistic or industrial property. 
 
 Article 20. 
 
 The Mandatory will co-operate on behalf of the Administration of Palestine, so 
 far as religious, social and other conditions may permit, in the execution of any 
 common policy adopted by the League of Nations for preventing and combating 
 disease, including diseases of plants and animals. 
 
 Article 21. 
 
 The Mandatory will secure, within twelve months from the date of the coming 
 into force of this Mandate, the enactment, and will ensure the execution of a Law 
 of Antiquities based on the provisions of Article 421 of Part XIII of the Treaty 
 of Peace with Turkey. This law shall replace the former Ottoman Law of 
 Antiquities, and shall ensure equality of treatment in the matter of archaeological 
 research to the nationals of all States,' members of the League of Nations. 
 

 • * • 
 • • •• 
 
 • • ■ * 
 
 :le 
 
 22. 
 
 
 English, Arabic and Hebrew shall be the official languages of Palestine. Any 
 statement or inscriptions in Arabic on stamps or money in Palestine shall be repeated 
 in Hebrew and any statements or inscriptions in Hebrew shall be repeated in Arabic. 
 
 Article 23. 
 
 The Administration of Palestine shall recognise the holy days of the respective 
 ■communities in Palestine as legal days of rest for the members ox such communities. 
 
 Article 24. 
 
 The Mandatory shall make to the Council of the League of Nations an annual 
 report as to the measures taken during the year to carry out the provisions of the 
 Mandate. Copies of all laws and regulations promulgated or issued during the 
 year shall be communicated with the report. 
 
 Article 25. 
 
 It any dispute whatever should arise between the members of the League of 
 Nations relating to the interpretation or the application of these provisions which 
 cannot be settled by negotiation, this dispute shall be submitted to the Permanent 
 Court of International Justice provided for by Article 14 of the Covenant of the 
 League of Nations. 
 
 Article 26. 
 
 • The consent of the Council of the League of Nations is required for any 
 modification of the terms of the present Mandate, provided that in the case of any 
 modification proposed by the Mandatory, such consent may be given by a majority 
 of the Council. 
 
 Article 27. 
 
 In the event of the termination of the Mandate conferred upon the Mandatory 
 by this Declaration, the Council of the League of Nations shall make such arrange- 
 ments as may be deemed necessary for safeguarding in perpetuity, under guarantee 
 of the League, the rights secured by Articles 13 and 14, and for securing, under the 
 
 fuarantee of the League, that the Government of Palestine will fully honour the 
 nancial obligations, legitimately incurred by the Administration of Palestine 
 during the period of the Mandate. 
 
 The present copy shall be deposited in the archives of the League of Nations and 
 certified copies shall be forwarded by the Secretary- General of the League of Nations 
 to all Powers Signatories of the Treaty of Peace with Turkey. 
 
 Made at the day of 
 
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 ap* ia 10* 
 
 Jl!t 28 1324 
 
 MAR 17 1925 
 
 MAR 31 1925 
 
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 1930 
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 20m-l,'2a