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 School 
 libraries 
 
 .<^r\^ i< t\ 
 
 Librar^^ B)ureau 
 
 Technical library Steel bookstack 
 
 furniture Museum cases 
 

 School libraries 
 
 Planning and equipping 
 the school librayy 
 
 Library Bureau 
 
 Cambridge, Mass. 
 
 Boston, 43 Federal street 
 
 n 
 
 Factories 
 
 Ilion, N. Y. Chicago New York 
 
 Executive Offices: Albany and Pacific streets, Cambridge, Mass. 
 
 Library Salesrooms 
 
 Albany, Jl State street 
 
 Atlanta, 124-126 Hurt bldg. 
 
 Baltimore, 14 Light street 
 
 Birmingham, Aia., 2023 Jefferson Co. Bank bldg. 
 
 Boston, 43 Federal street 
 
 Bridgeport, 311 City Savings Bank bldg. 
 
 Buffalo, 508 Marine National Bank bldg. 
 
 Chicago, Michigan avenue and Madison street 
 
 Cleveland, 243-245 Superior arcade 
 
 Columbus, 517 Columbus Savings & Trust bldg. 
 
 Denver, 450-456 Gas & Electric bldg. 
 
 Des Moines, 6ig Hubbell bldg. 
 
 New York, Jl6 Broadway 
 
 Salesrooms 
 
 Detroit, 400 Majestic bldg. 
 Fall River, 29 Bedford street 
 Hartford, 78 Pearl street 
 Houston, 708 Main street 
 Indianapolis, 212 Merchants Bank bldg. 
 Kansas City, 21; Ozark bldg. 
 Milwaukee, 620 Caswell block 
 Minneapolis, 428 Second avenue, south 
 Newark, 31 Clinton street 
 New Orleans, 512 Camp street 
 New York, 316 Broadway 
 Philadelphia, 910 Chestnut street 
 
 Chicago, .Michigan avenue and Madison street 
 
 Pittsburgh, 637-639 Oliver bldg. 
 Providence, 79 Westminster street 
 Richmond, 1219 Mutual bldg. 
 St. Louis, 223 Boatmen's Bank bldg. 
 St. Paul, 116 Endicott arcade 
 Scranton, 408 Connell bldg. 
 Springfield, Whitney bldg. 
 Syracuse, 40; Dillaye bldg. 
 Toledo, 620 Spitzer bldg. 
 Washipgtgn, 743 i;th street, N. ^. 
 Worcesten, 'J36^tjti;, Ritual bl^.-', , 
 
 Distributors 
 
 San Francisco, F. W. Wentworth & Co., 539 Market street Los Angeles, McKee & flashes', 440'?a'cii5c Electric Bl^g. 
 
 Dallas, Parker Bros., 503-504 Insurance bldg. 
 
 London, 4, Cheapside, E. C. 
 Manchester, 59, Cross street 
 
 Salesrooms in Great Britain and France 
 
 Cardiff, 5, St. John's square 
 Birmingham, 75, New street 
 
 Glasgow, 154, Howard street f 
 
 Paris, 13, rue du Quatre Septembre   
 
 Book no. SL108 
 
 Copyright 1918 by Library Bureau 
 
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 School libraries 
 
 Foreword 
 
 WELL equipped and active school library- 
 should be established in every normal school 
 and city high school throughout the country. 
 To be effective such libraries should have a 
 large and attractive room, properly located 
 and suitably furnished with modern Library 
 equipment. 
 
 Library Bureau, from Its experience of 
 many years in planning libraries and cooper- 
 ating with the pioneers in school work, has 
 published in the following pages information 
 which should be helpful to architects,, school 
 boards, principals and librarians interested in 
 the preparation of the school library. 
 
 The extent to which this school library 
 movement has developed is attested in part 
 by the following libraries equipped by Library Bureau with modern technical furniture. 
 
 Brooklyn, N. Y., Girls' High School 
 Buffalo, N. Y., Hutchinson High School 
 Denver, Colo., North Denver High School 
 Geneseo, N. Y., N. Y. State Normal School 
 Holyoke, Mass., Holyoke High School 
 Huntington, W. Va., Huntington High School 
 Monessen, Pa., Monessen High School 
 Montclair, N. J., Montclair High School 
 New York, DeWitt Clinton High School 
 New York, Regis High School 
 New York, Stuyvesant High School 
 
 Parkersburg, W. Va., Parkersburg High School 
 Pasadena, Cal., Polytechnic High School 
 Pittsburgh, Pa., Schenley High School 
 Portland, Me., Portland High School 
 Spokane, Wash., Lewis and Clarke High School 
 Taunton, Mass., Taunton High School 
 Torrington, Ct., Torrington High School 
 Troy, N. Y., Troy High School 
 Utica, N. Y., Utica High School 
 Washington, D. C, Central High School 
 Washington, D. C, M Street High School 
 
 The subject matter of this booklet, for the convenience of the reader. Is divided 
 into two parts. The first part treats of the library in general and consists of practical 
 suggestions as to location of the library, workroom, library class room, stack room, size, 
 finish, lighting, etc., followed by instructions for students In the use of the library, duties 
 of the librarian, and a bibliography. The second part outlines simple methods for the 
 administration of the library, and gives full Information regarding the technical equipment 
 necessary for carrying out this work. 
 
 [3l 
 
 398579 
 
o s 
 
 S*C' Hb'OL LIBRARIES 
 
 Practical suggestions 
 
 Location of library 
 
 IT has been found that the most satisfactory location for a library is on the second floor, 
 in a central position, accessible to teachers and students, and near the study room. A 
 southern exposure is very desirable. Care should be taken not to locate the library in 
 the front of the building if the facade carries ornamental columns which may throw heavy 
 shadows into the room during part of the day. A principal requirement in a library is 
 plenty of light and sunshine. 
 
 The entrance to the library should be direct from the corridor in the center of the 
 long inside wall, if possible. If additional doors opening into the corridor are necessary, 
 they should be used only as emergency exits. 
 
 The library classroom should be located adjoining the library room at one end — the 
 librarian's work and file room, if one is provided, at the other end. 
 
 If a direct system of radiation is used, radiators should be located under the windows. 
 The walls between the windows and doorways should be kept as clear as possible of all radi- 
 ators and pipes of every description, electric switches, ventilators, thermostats, etc. If 
 thermostats and electric switches must be located on the wall, they should be placed as 
 near as possible to the door or window trim so as not to break up the wall space available 
 for shelving. Every inch of wall space below a point 7 feet from the floor is available book 
 space, and should be conserved with as few exceptions as possible. It is wise to omit 
 from the walls chair rails, wainscoting, and baseboards. The wall can then be plastered 
 to the floor, and after the bookshelving is set in place, the space between the ends of the 
 bookshelving and door trim can be equipped with baseboards, etc. If it is necessary for 
 vertical pipes to pass through the rooms, they should be located in the corners of the 
 room, where the mitered wall bookshelving allows sufficient space for them. In this way 
 the available book space is not encroached upon. 
 
 Workroom 
 
 This is the librarian's work and file room, where the books are cataloged, prepared for 
 the shelves, and damaged books are repaired. This room should be about 20 feet square, 
 equipped with shelving around the walls, a suitable desk or table for pasting, mending, 
 etc., and provided with a wash bowl and running water. This room is also used for the 
 storing of unbound periodicals. 
 
 Library class or lecture room 
 
 There should be a library class or lecture room adjoining the library and belonging to 
 it. This room should have at one end a stage about 2 feet high, and should be equipped 
 with tablet arm chairs to occupy not more than two-thirds of the room. Electric connec- 
 tions should be provided for a low-power reflectroscope, and on the rear wall a screen 
 provided for projections. It is desirable to equip the walls with posting surfaces for the 
 display of pictures, etc. A few sections of unit wood bookshelving with glass doors should 
 
 [4] 
 
SCHOOL LIBRARIES 
 
 be provided for this room, and a bulletin rack for large lithographs, oversize mounted 
 pictures, etc. , 
 
 btack room 
 
 In a large school where a book storage or stack room is necessary for text books and 
 seldom used library books, this can be provided for in any convenient location, not neces- 
 sarily connected with the library. If a double tier of stack is necessary, steel stack should 
 be used. (See photograph of Schenley High School, page 28.) 
 
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 Showing typical floor plan for small school library seating 48 students 
 
 Size 
 
 The size of a model school library room is determined by the number of readers to be 
 accommodated at tables. This should not be less than six per cent of the total number 
 of students. Tables (3 ft.x5 ft.) should be arranged in rows so that the end of the table is 
 parallel to the long exterior wall, that the greatest benefit may be derived from light 
 entering the room from the windows. In smaller schools there should be two such rows 
 of tables, while larger schools require three. Thus, for a small school the width of the 
 room should be 25 feet, which allows a clear space of five feet between the rows of tables, 
 and between the tables and the adjoining walls. 
 
 In a school of 800 students, provision should be made for 48 readers, and by allowing 
 25 square feet per reader, it will be seen that a total of 1200 square feet is necessary. As 
 
 [s] 
 
SCHOOL LIBRARIES 
 
 this room should be 25 feet wide for the best distribution of tables, the length must be 
 48 feet. 
 
 Similarly, for a larger school, say of 1600 students, provision should be made for 96 readers. 
 The tables in this room should be arranged in three rows, which determines the width of 
 the room as 35 feet. Allowing 25 square feet per reader, 2400 square feet will be required, 
 which divided by 35 feet, the width of the room, gives a length of approximately 68 feet. 
 
 Allowance should be made for the charging desk with sufficient free space around it so 
 that readers at nearby tables will not be disturbed. Space for other necessary furniture 
 must be provided. 
 
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 Showing typical floor plan for large school library seating 96 students with librarian's workroom 
 and file room at one end and library class room at the other end 
 
 Finishes 
 
 Experience has proved that white ceilings and light buff color walls are best adapted 
 for a library room. Avoid dark tones in the woodwork and trim, so as not to absorb the 
 light. Furniture of quarter-sawed white oak, finished in a light natural color, is most 
 satisfactory. The light finish is standard, and has better wearing qualities than the dark 
 finishes. In adopting a finish which is standard for library furniture, additional equip- 
 ment can be supplied without the delay and extra expense for special finish. Mahogany 
 and dark finishes for wood trim or furniture are not recommended. 
 
 Lighting — artificial 
 
 The room should be lighted by means of electric ceiling fixtures of an Indirect or semi- 
 indirect type, the latter being generally used for reasons of economy. Avoid the use of 
 wall lighting fixtures. In planning the details of lighting of school libraries it is not wise 
 to provide table lighting fixtures. These are unnecessary. Their use seriously hampers 
 the free use of the table space and prevents the easy rearrangement of tables for the 
 various uses to which the room should be put. 
 
 [6] 
 
SCHOOL LIBRARIES 
 
 Floor covering 
 
 Cork carpet and battleship linoleum are the two most satisfactory floor coverings for 
 library rooms. Both are serviceable, and either very greatly lessens the noise in the room. 
 
 Exhibition equipment 
 
 Every phase of visual instruction in the school can be advantageously supplemented 
 by a dust-proof exhibition case in the library room. This case should be designed to 
 properly display and protect the various classes of objects which are placed on exhibition 
 from time to time — loan exhibits of works of art, archaeology, natural history, etc. The 
 use of this case in the library room will stimulate interest in the school's museum, which 
 may be housed in a separate room, or provided for in cases in corridors or recitation rooms 
 devoted to the various subjects. 
 
 Instruction of students in the use of a library 
 
 By Mary E. Hall 
 
 A MOST important work of the high school library is the training of pupils for the 
 independent and intelligent use of any library, whether school, college or public. 
 
 It is recommended that lessons be given in definite training of high school pupils in 
 the use of reference books, encyclopaedias, standard dictionaries, year books, indexes to 
 periodical literature, to books, and to sets of books, etc., also instruction in the use of a 
 card catalog and some knowledge of the classification commonly used in libraries. 
 
 Purpose. To enable pupils to make the best possible use of the school library to 
 prepare for the best use of public library and college library. 
 
 These lessons should result in their working independently and intelligently and with 
 the least waste of time in the school library. It should be the aim of the librarian to 
 encourage the use of the public library and the building up of carefully selected libraries 
 in their own homes. 
 
 Lesson 1 
 Talk on the purpose of the school library and its privileges 
 
 Value of books as friends and books as tools. 
 
 Reading for the joy of reading. Talks by the librarian on delightful books in the 
 school library of interest to the entering class. Finely illustrated editions of standard 
 novels. Good books of biography, travel, history, etc. Have books on table to awaken 
 interest in many different kinds of reading. 
 
 Our duty as citizens to care properly for books in school and public libraries as public 
 property. Caution against turning down leaves, marking pages, carrying uncovered on rainy 
 days, putting pencils in books, etc. Rules of school library about having books charged 
 before taking them from the room, returning them promptly on the date when due, etc. 
 
 Inspire a fine loyalty to the library and a realization of how the breaking of these rules 
 hinders the library's best work for the school and deprives other pupils of their rights. 
 
 [7] 
 
SCHOOL LIBRARIES 
 
 Lesson II 
 
 General reference books. Encyclopaedias, dictionaries, atlas 
 
 a. Dictionaries. The four important large dictionaries: Webster, Standard, Century, Murray. 
 
 Relative values. How to use each to the best advantage. 
 
 b. Encyclopaedias. Four important ones: New International, Americana, Nelson, Britannica. Dif- 
 
 ference between a dictionary and encyclopaedia. Relative value of the different encyclopaedias. 
 
 c. Atlases and Gazetteer. How and when to use them. Best reference books to own in the home. 
 
 List and prices. 
 Problems to test the pupil's grasp of this lesson. Questions to be answered by use of these books. 
 
 Lesson III 
 Indexes to books and periodicals. Card catalog 
 
 a. Difference between table of contents and index of a book. Tests of a good index. Different 
 
 kinds of indexes — first line and title in poetry, index to more than one volume, etc. Use of 
 Ganger index to poetry and recitations. Index to periodicals. Readers' guide. Poole's index. 
 
 b. Card catalog and how to use it. Explanation of classification. 
 
 Lesson IV 
 
 Books specially helpful in reference work in English 
 
 a. Books of quotations. 
 
 b. Concordances to Shakespeare, Milton, Browning, etc. 
 
 c. Century Encyclopaedia of Names, Brewer's Readers' Handbook, Dictionary of Phrase and 
 
 Fable, Wheeler's Familiar Allusions, etc. 
 
 d. Best books of synonyms and how to use them. 
 
 e. Warner Library of the World's best Literature, Moulton's Library of Literary Criticism. 
 /. Best Biographical dictionaries. 
 
 .g. Variorum Shakespeare. LeSSOn V 
 
 Reference books helpful in history, civics, and economics 
 
 a. World, Tribune and Eagle Almanacs. New York Times Index. 
 
 b. Statesman's Year Book of latest editions. Statistical abstract of the U. S. 
 
 c. Larned's History for Ready Reference. 
 
 d. Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities. 
 
 e. Use of classical and historical atlases. 
 /. Bliss Encyclopaedia of Social Reform. 
 
 g. Important biographical dictionaries. ^ ^tt 
 
 Lesson VI 
 
 a. Use of a library in debate work. How to get at material in books, periodicals, newspapers, 
 
 pamphlets, clippings, etc. Use of all bibliographical aids. 
 
 b. Building up of a home library. Good editions to buy. A. L. A. catalog as a guide to best books 
 
 on different subjects. U. S. Catalog of Books in Print; a help in finding publishers and prices. 
 
 c. Value of owning certain books. 
 
 Lesson VII 
 
 Assignment to each pupil of a subject on which pupils are to prepare a brief bibliography, showing 
 their mastery of the use of card catalog, reference books and other library aids. 
 
SCHOOL LIBRARIES 
 
 Duties of a librarian 
 
 I. Administration. 
 
 a. Planning of library room, furniture, deco- 
 ration, equipment, and library supplies. 
 
 b. Preparation of a normal high school 
 library budget. Ability to apply effi- 
 ciency methods to the use of funds. 
 
 c. Building up the library. Selection of 
 books, pictures, periodicals, pamphlets, 
 etc. Meeting the needs of all depart- 
 ments in these purchases. Rounding 
 out the library to make it supplement 
 all class room and laboratory work. 
 
 d. Organization of library material, books, 
 illustrative matter, such as lantern 
 slides, postcards, mounted pictures, 
 pamphlets, etc., clippings. 
 
 • Classification of all this material. 
 Careful and thorough cataloging. 
 Compilation of special lists of helps, for 
 each teacher and his special work. 
 
 e. Reference or research work for teachers 
 and pupils calling for bibliographical 
 knowledge. 
 
 Organization of a ready reference in- 
 dex. Establishment of a reserve 
 shelf system similar to those used 
 in colleges and a method of reserv- 
 ing books for pupils at stated times. 
 
 Establishment of a practical charging 
 
 system for recording books loaned to 
 
 pupils and teachers. 
 
 Attending to the proper binding and 
 
 rebinding of books. 
 
 /• 
 
 h. Keeping of necessary statistics to show 
 what the city is getting for its expen- 
 diture on the library. The best work 
 of a library cannot, of course, be 
 measured by statistics. 
 i. Discipline. Maintaining order. Ability 
 to establish self-government in library. 
 II. Instruction. 
 
 Training students in the use of reference 
 books, indexes, card catalogs and other 
 library aids. Preparing for the intelligent 
 use of college or public library as well as 
 the school library. 
 
 III. Cultural and Inspirational Work of 
 
 THE Librarian. 
 
 Guiding the reading of students by 
 
 a. Suggestion, posting tempting lists, pic- 
 tures, etc., on bulletin boards. 
 
 Brief talks about books. A browsing 
 corner of delightful illustrated editions. 
 
 b. By means of social activities. 
 Reading clubs. 
 
 Parents' reception in the library. 
 
 Noon-hour readings from interesting 
 
 books. 
 
 Librarian "at home" to students to 
 
 talk to them in groups or as individuals 
 
 about books to read. 
 
 c. Talks by the librarian in general as- 
 sembly, class rooms, etc. 
 
 IV. Vocational Guidance. 
 
 V. Co-OPERATION WITH PuBLIC LiBRARY. 
 
 Bibliography 
 
 Bardwell, Darwin L. Report on high school 
 libraries in 16th annual report of the City 
 Supt. of Schools, N. Y. City, Dept. of Edu- 
 cation, 500 Park Avenue, pages 38-50. Con- 
 tains reports of S. R. Parker, Librarian of 
 Boys' High School, and Miss Mary E. Hall, 
 Librarian of Girls' High School of Brooklyn; 
 Library Furnishings; Library Expenses; list 
 of magazines for high school library, etc., etc. 
 
 Breck, Emma J. The Efficient High School 
 Library, English Journal, January, 1916. 
 
 Certain, C. C. Status of the Library in 
 Southern high schools. Library Journal, 
 September, 1915. 
 
 A standard High School Library organiza- 
 tion for Accredited Secondary Schools 
 of different sizes. 
 
 A symposium on a standard library equip- 
 ment for high schools contributed by 
 leaders in the movement for better high 
 school libraries. Educational Adminis- 
 tration and Supervision. June, 1917. 
 
 [9] 
 
SCHOOL LIBRARIES 
 
 Cook, Edith L. Elementary Library Instruc- 
 tion in the High School, Public Libraries, 
 April, 1915. 
 
 Fay, Lucy E. Development of the library in 
 the high schools of the South, Library Jour- 
 nal, xMarch, 1917. 
 
 Fay, L. E. & Eaton, A. L The high school 
 library in the use of books and libraries, 
 Boston Book Co., 1915. 
 
 Hall, Mary E. Development of the Modern 
 High School Library, Library Journal, Sep- 
 tember, 1915. 
 
 Hargreaves, R. T. Possibilities of the high 
 school library. National Education Associa- 
 tion, Proceedings, 1915. 
 
 Hosic, James Fleming, Reorganization of Eng- 
 lish in Secondary Schools, Dept. of the In- 
 terior, Bureau of Education, Bulletin No. 2, 
 1917. See report of committee on library 
 equipment 106-122. 
 
 JuDD, Chas. H. The school and the library. 
 In national Education Association, Proceed- 
 ings, 1910. 
 
 Keyes, Rowena, K. How we use our School 
 Library, English Journal, February, 1914. 
 
 McKnight, Eliz. B. & Dana, John Cotton. 
 The High School Branch of the Public Li- 
 brary, in Modern American Library Econ- 
 omy, as illustrated by the Newark, N. J. 
 Free Public Library, Elm Tree Press, Wood- 
 stock, Vt. 
 
 NuNN, Janet. Planning and Equipping a 
 High School Library, Public Libraries, No- 
 vember, 1915. 
 
 Public Libraries. School library number, 
 February, 1918. 
 
 Ward, Gilbert O. The High School Library, 
 • A. L. A. Publishing Board, 78 E. Washington 
 St., Chicago, 1915. 
 
 Williams, Sherman. High School Library 
 Problems, New York Libraries, February, 
 1915, State Library, Albany, N. Y. 
 
 Wilson, Martha. The School Library Room, 
 School Education, January, 1916. 
 
 Preparing the books for the shelves 
 
 FIRST of all a careful record should be made of all books received, using for this purpose 
 what is called an accession book. This is a blank book ruled, lettered and numbered 
 especially for library invoices. It is an important record covering such details as author, title, 
 publisher, year and cost which should be readily available for the information of the librarian. 
 
 _8Q 
 
 -»i 
 
 -M. 
 
 _8& 
 
 FUBUSBER &« C<»T 
 
 PIBLI8HER lua 
 
 School accession book for use in school libraries. Standardized by the N. Y. State 
 
 Education Dept., Cat. no. 1060 
 
 Each book and each volume of a set has a separate accession number and a separate 
 entry, each entry occupying one line. The accession book is a live history of every book 
 
 [lol 
 
SCHOOL LIBRARIES 
 
 in the library. It is also a catalog of all books in the library, and a useful catalog if the 
 library is small. 
 
 A simple form of accession book for school use is shown on page 10. This book is called a 
 500-line book, which means that it has space for 500 separate entries. This book will care 
 for the records of most school libraries, and when one book is filled another may be started. 
 Where a large number of entries in one book is desired or a more detailed record is wanted, 
 the condensed accession book may be used. This book is made for 1,000, 2,000, and 
 5,000 entries. 
 
 The school library attains its full usefulness only when properly classified and cata- 
 loged, so that its resources on any subject may be learned at a glance and any desired 
 book found instantly. Classifying means grouping the books in logical order according 
 to subject, and giving to each book a mark which will tell in which group or class it belongs, 
 distinguish it from other books in the same class, and show its exact place on the shelves. 
 
 Most small school libraries, can be classified by the librarian with sufficient accuracy 
 to meet every practical need, providing the work is carefully done according to an accepted 
 system. 
 
 The Dewey decimal classification is one of the simplest and most practical. 
 
 The decimal system divides the field of knowledge into nine main classes, which are 
 numbered 100 to 900. Cyclopedias, periodicals, etc., so general in character as to belong 
 to no one of these classes, form a tenth class, numbered 000. 
 
 000 General Works 
 
 100 Philosofy 
 
 200 Religion 
 
 300 Sociology 
 
 400 Philology 
 
 000 General Works 
 
 010 Bibliografy 
 
 020 Library economy 
 
 030 General cyclopedias 
 
 040 General collections 
 
 050 General periodicals 
 
 060 General societies, Museums 
 
 070 Journalism, Newspapers 
 
 080 Special libraries, Polygrafy 
 
 090 Book rarities 
 
 100 Philosofy 
 
 110 Metaphysics 
 
 120 Special metaphysical topics 
 
 Classes 
 
 
 500 
 
 Natural Science 
 
 600 
 
 Useful Arts 
 
 700 
 
 Fine Arts 
 
 800 
 
 Literature 
 
 900 
 
 History 
 
 ded into ten 
 
 divisions, as follows: 
 
 Divisions 
 
 
 130 
 
 Mind and body 
 
 140 
 
 Philosofic systems 
 
 150 
 
 Mental faculties, Psychology 
 
 160 
 
 Logic, Dialectics 
 
 170 
 
 Ethics 
 
 180 
 
 Ancient philosofers 
 
 190 
 
 Modern philosofers 
 
 200 
 
 Religion 
 
 210 
 
 Natural theology 
 
 220 
 
 Bible _ 
 
 230 
 
 Doctrinal, Dogmatics, Theology 
 
 240 
 
 Devotional, Practical 
 
 250 
 
 Homiletic, Pastoral, Parochial 
 
 [II] 
 
SCHOOL LIBRARIES 
 
 260 Church, Institutions, Work 
 
 270 ReHgious history 
 
 280 Christian churches and sects 
 
 290 Ethnic, Nonchristian 
 
 300 Sociology 
 
 310 Statistics 
 
 320 Political science 
 
 330 Political economy 
 
 340 Law 
 
 350 Administration 
 
 360 Associations and institutions 
 
 370 Education 
 
 380 Commerce, Communication 
 
 390 Customs, Costumes, Folklore 
 
 400 Philology 
 
 410 Comparative 
 
 420 English 
 
 430 German 
 
 440 French 
 
 450 Italian 
 
 460 Spanish 
 
 470 Latin 
 
 480 Greek 
 
 490 Minor languages 
 
 500 Natural Science 
 
 510 Mathematics 
 
 520 Astronomy 
 
 530 Physics 
 
 540 Chemistry 
 
 550 Geology 
 
 560 Paleontology 
 
 570 Biology 
 
 580 Botany 
 
 590 Zoology 
 
 600 Useful Arts 
 610 Medicin 
 620 Engineering 
 
 These divisions show the logical order In which the subjects follow one another. Before 
 beginning to catalog even a small library, each of these hundred divisions must be divided 
 Into ten sections. This makes one thousand subdivisions, and Is the practical basis on 
 which cataloging may be begun. Don't start cataloging on the hundred divisions before 
 subdividing. 
 
 Each book Is numbered according to the group In which it falls, and all books are 
 arranged on the shelves In simple numeric order. Since each book has a definite number, 
 the books on any given subject must stand together. Thus 331 means Class 3 (Sociology), 
 
 [12] 
 
 630 
 
 Agriculture 
 
 640 
 
 Domestic economy 
 
 650 
 
 Communication, Commerce 
 
 660 
 
 Chemic technology 
 
 670 
 
 Manufactures 
 
 680 
 
 Mechanic trades 
 
 690 
 
 Bllding 
 
 700 
 
 Fine Arts 
 
 710 
 
 Landscape gardening 
 
 720 
 
 Architecture 
 
 730 
 
 Sculpture 
 
 740 
 
 Drawing, Decoration, Design 
 
 750 
 
 Painting 
 
 760 
 
 Engraving 
 
 770 
 
 Photografy 
 
 780 
 
 Music 
 
 790 
 
 Amusements 
 
 800 
 
 Literature 
 
 810 
 
 American 
 
 820 
 
 English 
 
 830 
 
 German 
 
 840 
 
 French 
 
 850 
 
 Italian 
 
 860 
 
 Spanish 
 
 870 
 
 Latin 
 
 880 
 
 Greek 
 
 890 
 
 Minor languages 
 
 900 
 
 History 
 
 910 
 
 Geografy and travels 
 
 920 
 
 Biografy 
 
 930 
 
 Ancient history 
 
 940 
 
 
 Europe 
 
 950 
 
 ri 
 
 Asia 
 
 960 
 
 CJ J 
 O 
 
 Africa 
 
 970 
 
 North America 
 
 980 
 
 s 
 
 South America 
 
 990 
 
 
 ^ Oceanica and polar regions 
 
SCHOOL LIBRARIES 
 
 Division 3 (Political Economy), Section 1 (Capital, Labor and Wages) and every book 
 under this subject is numbered 331. 
 
 One great advantage of this plan is that each class may be subdivided to any degree 
 without reference to the others. 
 
 A library that has made a specialty of Psychology, for instance, may classify its books 
 on that subject with the greatest minuteness and yet carry the rest of its classification 
 no further than the one-thousand subdivision. 
 
 For working tables of decimal system, together with subject index, get "Abridged 
 Decimal Classification and Relative Index," by Melvil Dewey, M.A. (Library Bureau, 
 No. 1002.) 
 
 Fiction and biography exceptions 
 
 Fiction and biography are not classified by the decimal system. Fiction has a place 
 on the shelves by itself and is arranged alphabetically by name of author. Individual 
 biography, that is, biography of a single person, is arranged on the shelves alphabetically 
 by name of subject, and the back of the book is marked with the letter B. Thus, Hap- 
 good's "Life of Lincoln" is shelved under Lincoln, not under Hapgood. 
 
 Author mark 
 
 Having designated by the decimal system the group or class in which a book stands, 
 it remains to distinguish one book from another in the same class. This is best done in 
 a small library by adding to each book's class number the initial of its author's surname 
 and arranging the books in the same class alphabetically by name of author.^ Thus, 
 Motley's "Dutch Republic" would be '^': 
 
 Putting numbers into books 
 
 Each book, except fiction and individual biography, must bear its complete number 
 and author mark in some conspicuous place. This call number is marked on the back of 
 the book with marking ink — or on a label pasted on the back of the book. A plain label 
 may be used instead of the bookplate, or the number and author mark may be written 
 directly on inside of cover, or on the title page. 
 
 Practical suggestions 
 
 Group your books roughly into classes before you begin to classify. This is much 
 easier than classifying each book as you come to it in the midst of books of other classes. 
 
 In determining the classification of a book, examine first the table of contents, then 
 the preface. If these fail to enlighten you as to the exact subject, read a few pages here 
 and there. 
 
 Get the real subject. Do not depend on the title. "History of Mathematics" is 
 classified under Mathematics, not under History. 
 
 1 For a more scientific method get "Cutter 2-figure decimal alphabetic order table." (Library Bureau No. 1036.) 
 
 [13] 
 
SCHOOL LIBRARIES 
 
 If a book treats of two or more subjects, classify it under the most prominent, but 
 make a catalog card for each subject. Keep your classification consistent. 
 
 Remember that classification is not an exact science, but a continual comxpromise. 
 Few books belong absolutely in any one class. The object of classification is to get the 
 books on any one subject side by side, and those on kindred subjects near one another. 
 
 Cataloging 
 
 A CATALOG is as necessary to the usefulness of a library as classification. It supplies 
 all the information about the books that any reader requires. Has the library a 
 book by a given title.? What books has it by a given author.? What books has it on a 
 given subject.? In what book does a given article, essay, or drama appear.? 
 
 To answer these questions by going to the shelves might require searching through all 
 books in a class or several classes. A catalog answers them immediately, and at the same 
 time indicates the exact place on the shelf of the book wanted. 
 
 The card catalog 
 
 A card catalog is a record on cards of the author, title, and subject of each book, with any 
 further data required, the cards being arranged alphabetically in trays for easy reference. 
 
 A card catalog never needs a complete revision. It is expansive and grows as the 
 library grows. Cards for new books can be filed in their exact alphabetic order at any 
 time, and new subdivisions and classifications may be made without affecting the arrange- 
 ment of the rest of the catalog. Cards of discarded books may be removed from the 
 catalog, thus retaining only the active or "live" material. 
 
 Author, title, and subject cards 
 
 As a rule, author, title, and one or more 
 subject cards should be written for each work. 
 
 On all catalog cards begin author's name 
 to right of first vertical 
 line, title or subject to 
 right of second verti- 
 cal line. 
 
 914.8 
 
 1515" 
 
 Bal^ou.M.M. 
 
 Due NortH; or. Glimpses of 
 Scaidinavia and Russia. 1887. 
 
 o 
 
 Author 
 
 914.8 
 
 B19 
 
 Ballou. 
 
 Due North* 
 
 1887. 
 
 o 
 
 Title 
 
 914.8 
 
 B19 
 
 Bal+oTi. 
 
 Due North: or. Glimpses of 
 Scaiidinavia and Russia. 1887. 
 
 Scandinavia. 
 
 [14 
 
 o 
 
 Subject 
 
SCHOOL LIBRARIES 
 
 Author card 
 
 On the first line write author's surname, followed by the given name or names; on the 
 next line, the title; below, any data that you consider worth while, as size of volume, 
 number of pages, publisher, date and place of publication, etc. In the upper left corner 
 write the class number with author letter below it. 
 
 Title card 
 
 Make out in same way as author card, but enter title on first line, author's name on 
 second. 
 
 In writing title put the "catch" word first, i. e., the first word after the words "a," 
 *'an," "the." Enter class number and author letter in upper left corner, as on author card. 
 
 Subject card 
 
 Enter subject on first line, author on second, title on third. Write class number and 
 author letter in upper left corner. 
 
 Many books require several subject cards. For a volume of essays, plays, stories, or 
 biographical sketches, it is desirable to write a subject card for each essay, play, etc., of 
 importance. 
 
 Frequently the book's subject and its title are identical, as "Botany" by Gray. 
 
 Fiction requires no subject card. 
 
 If the subject is written in red ink the subject cards are easily distinguished from 
 author and title cards. 
 
 Arrangement 
 
 Arrange all cards — author, title, and subject — in one alphabetic sequence In the 
 catalog trays or drawers. About every twenty cards insert a guide card, i. e., a card with 
 a projecting tab, and on the projection print the first word of card that follows (see list of 
 standard printed guides page 18). 
 
 Catalog cards 
 
 THE cost of catalog cards is a small item compared with the labor of writing them. 
 The best quality of cards obtainable should therefore be used. Cheap cards soon 
 wear out. This means not only new cards, but the whole work of rewriting them. 
 Catalog cards should also be exact in size, as the slightest variation destroys facility in 
 handling. 
 
 Library Bureau 33-sIze, Library Standard cards (7.5 x 12.5 cm.) are the acknowledged 
 standard for catalog work.^ They are made of a special grade of stock, which cannot be 
 duplicated outside of Library Bureau, and will last a lifetime. Cut with special patent 
 machines which insure absolute accuracy and perfect edge. 
 
 ^Adopted by the American Library Association, the United States Government, the Institut International de Bibli- 
 ographic, Brussels, and Consilium Bibliographicum, Zurich. 
 
 [IS] 
 
SCHOOL LIBRARIES 
 
 L. B. Standard stock rulings, grades, and weights 
 
 i 
 
 
 No. 2 Library Ruling 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 No. 5 Typewriter Ruling 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 No. 5.1 Typewriter Ruling 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 kJ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 Library catalog cards with standard stock rulings are carried in stock in two grades: 
 Library Standard and Commercial Standard; and in three weights: Light, medium, and 
 heavy. 
 
 Library Standard grade 
 
 Library Standard stock is an all rag board made of carefully selected new rags. 
 The life is practically unlimited. For over 20 years these cards have been the standard 
 for catalog purposes and have been in actual use for that length of time. This stock 
 has never been duplicated. 
 
 For complete information and prices send for catalog ''''Library supplies.''^ 
 
 Commercial Standard grade 
 
 The Commercial Standard stock, as the name implies, is the highest grade for com- 
 mercial purposes and excels in durability, writing surface and erasive quality. It will 
 stand for years under constant use. 
 
 Medium weight cards 
 
 The most satisfactory card for catalog use. This is the weight used by Library of Congress 
 for their printed library catalog cards. Cards of this weight are heavy enough to withstand 
 constant usage without making the catalog unnecessarily bulky. This card can be used in the 
 typewriter without a special attachment. It is especially desirable for use with the cards issued 
 by the Library of Congress, as the greatest facility in card reference requires that all cards in 
 
 [i6j 
 
SCHOOL LIBRARIES 
 
 the catalog be of the same weight and of uniform size. Thickness approximately 9}/^ one- 
 thousandths of an inch. 
 
 33 size (7.5x12.5 cm.) 
 
 Ruling 
 
 Plain 
 
 Library ruling no. 2 
 
 Library 
 Standard 
 
 grade 
 Cat. no. 
 
 33020 
 33022 
 
 Commercial 
 Standard 
 
 grade 
 Cat. no. 
 
 33120 
 33122 
 
 Library 
 
 Commercial 
 
 Standard 
 
 Standard 
 
 grade 
 
 grade 
 
 Cat. no. 
 
 Cat. no. 
 
 Typewriter ruling no. 5 . 
 Typewriter ruling no. 5.1 
 
 33025 33125 
 33025.1 33125.1 
 
 Light weight cards 
 
 The lightest weight practicable for catalog purposes. The hard, sharp edge of this stock partly 
 compensates in quick handling for the thickness of the heavier weights. Thickness approximately 
 l}/2 one-thousandths of an inch. 
 
 33 size (7.5x12.5 cm.) 
 
 Ruling 
 
 Plain 
 
 Library ruling no. 2 
 
 Library 
 Standard 
 
 gtade 
 Cat. no. 
 
 Commercial 
 Standard 
 
 grade 
 Cat. no. 
 
 33010 
 
 33110 
 
 33012 
 
 33112 
 
 Ruling 
 
 Library 
 
 Commercial 
 
 Standard 
 
 Standard 
 
 grade 
 
 grade 
 
 Cat. no. 
 
 Cat. no. 
 
 Typewriter ruling no. 5 . . 33015 33115 
 
 Heavy weight cards 
 
 One-half heavier than the light weight. Thickness approximately 113^ one-thousandths of an 
 inch. This and the medium weight are recommended as best for library catalogs. 
 
 33 size (7.5x12.5 cm.) 
 
 Rulingl 
 
 Plain 
 
 Library ruling no. 2 
 
 Library 
 Standard 
 
 grade 
 Cat. no. 
 
 Commercial 
 Standard 
 
 grade 
 Cat. no. 
 
 33030 
 
 33130 
 
 33032 
 
 33132 
 
 Ruling 
 
 Library 
 
 Commercial 
 
 Standard 
 
 Standard 
 
 grade 
 
 grade 
 
 Cat. no. 
 
 Cat. no. 
 
 Typewriter ruling no. 5 
 
 33035 
 
 33135 
 
 Catalog and index slips 
 
 Catalog and index slips are furnished in standard 2)2) size in two weights of linen ledger paper, 
 with commercial or library ruling. These slips are ordinarily used for temporary indexes and nota- 
 tions in general. While not heavy enough for regular catalog purposes, they are useful for private 
 lists. Made in white only and punched, unless otherwise ordered. 
 
 Ruling 
 
 Light 
 weight 
 Cat. no. 
 
 Ruling 
 
 Plain 1194 Plain 
 
 Library ruling no. 2 1192 Library ruling no. 2 ... . 
 
 For complete information and prices send for catalog ^''Library supplies. 
 
 Light 
 weight 
 Cat. no. 
 
 1199 
 1198 
 
 1 All heavy weight Library and Typewriter ruled cards are carried in stock with the top and down lines ruled in blue. 
 If cards with red top and down lines are desired, they may be furnished promptly to order. 
 
 [17] 
 
SCHOOL LIBRARIES 
 
 Card guides 
 
 THE best results from any card catalog can be obtained only when the cards are prop- 
 erly guided. The first essential in any card catalog is that the card wanted may be 
 found quickly with the least effort. In order to accomplish this, guides must be pro- 
 vided for the catalog with a due allowance for growth. Every guide judiciously inserted 
 in a card catalog increases its value and saves unnecessary handling. The rule is one 
 guide for about every twenty cards. 
 
 Library standard guides 
 
 The durability of guides must also be considered. 
 A card catalog which is constantly handled must have 
 guides sufficiently strong to stand the wear and tear. 
 L. B. Standard guide stock was designed especially for 
 card catalog work. This guide stock, produced after 
 years of experimenting by Library Bureau, is made from 
 a special formula. Guides are cut to allow a projection 
 one-fifth, one-third, and one-half the width of the cards. 
 
 A-Z guides 
 25-division 
 Cat. no. 
 43125 
 
 Standard printed guides for school library catalogs 
 Showing the "A" headings of a SOO-division. Cat. no. 431500S 
 
 i8] 
 
 Halves, thirds, and fifths 
 Plain guides. Cat. no. 4310 
 
 Standard printed guides for 
 school library catalogs 
 
 To meet the demand for suitable 
 printed guides for a school library 
 catalog, Library Bureau has developed 
 standardized sets of printed guides of 
 500 and 1000 headings prepared by a 
 high school librarian of national rep- 
 utation. These are printed on L. B. 
 Standard buff stock half cut right and 
 left position with tab projections cel- 
 luloided. 
 
 For complete information and prices 
 send for catalog ''''Library supplies^ 
 
SCHOOL LIBRARIES 
 
 Catalog cases 
 
 LIBRARY BUREAU carries in stock card trays and cabinets ranging in size from a 
 J single tray with a capacity of 300 cards, including guides, to a 60-tray case with a 
 capacity of 84,000 cards including guides. These cabinets are made of the highest grade 
 
 lumber. All the oak is white, Indiana grown, quar- 
 tered to give the best figure. 
 
 Seasoning 
 
 All lumber is scientifically seasoned both by air 
 and thorough kiln-drying, reducing to a minimum 
 the tendency to shrink or swell. 
 
 Finish 
 
 cat.n,. Four-tray cabinet 
 
 2314 Outside size, 8J^ in. high, 13's in. wide, 13?^ in. deep. 
 Capacity 4400 light weight, 3400 medium weight, or 2600 
 heavy weight cards. 
 
 All cabinets are carefully inspected to see that 
 they are absolutely smooth on all surfaces and 
 free from blemishes. The wood is then carefully 
 treated with a combination filler and stain until 
 the pores are completely filled. The excess filler 
 is then rubbed off and the surface thoroughly 
 cleaned. The finish is produced by successive 
 coats of the highest grade varnish sanded be- 
 tween the coats with polishing paper. The final 
 coat is hand-rubbed to the standard L. B. egg- 
 shell gloss. 
 
 Trays 
 
 To combine strength with compactness, the 
 card trays are dovetailed front and back by the 
 use of machines of our own exclusive design. 
 These trays are carefully made to facilitate the 
 handling of the cards and are the result of 
 years of study in producing a perfect tray. 
 
 Followers and rods 
 
 All trays are equipped with adjustable steel 
 followers, which are simple, positive and easily 
 adjusted. The L. B. follower is so constructed 
 that while supporting the cards at the proper 
 angle it takes up only one-fourth of an inch of 
 the card capacity of the tray. 
 
 The standard screw front round rod is recommended for card catalog cases and all 
 trays are so fitted unless otherwise specified. 
 
 For complete information and prices send for catalog ^''Library supplies.''^ 
 
 [19] 
 
 Cat. no. 
 
 23120 Outside size 20 in. high, 
 273^ in. wide, \t'% in. 
 deep. Capacity 28,000 
 lightweight, 21,650 me- 
 dium weight, or 18,550 
 heavyweight cards. 
 
 May be fitted with 
 lock, controlling all 
 trays. 
 
 23820 Leg base, 26 in. high. 
 2381 Leg base, swivel top, 
 27M in. high. 
 
 23620 Pedestal base, 25K in. 
 high. 
 
SCHOOL LIBRARIES 
 
 The shelf Hst 
 
 EVERY book in the library, as soon as it has been classified, and has received its proper 
 author number, should be entered in a list in the order first of its class number, next 
 of its author number. This list is called the shelf lisrt. It is often kept on sheets, but it is 
 best kept on light weight cards; a card for each difi"erent book. It is a catalog of all the 
 books in the library arranged in the order in 
 which they stand on the shelves. It is a partial 
 subject index of the library. It is indispensable 
 in the work of properly placing,class numbering, 
 and author numbering new books. It is a list 
 from which it is very easy to check over the 
 library and learn what books are missing or out 
 of place. It includes usually only the class and author number, author's name, brief title, 
 and accession number. This last enables one to refer at once from the brief entry of a 
 certain book in the shelf list to the full information in the accession book. 
 
 There are advantages in adding to the shelf list record the publisher and price. As soon as a book has received its 
 class and author numbers, which together are sometimes called the "call number," as being the mark to be used by the 
 reader in calling for a book, these numbers, or combinations of numbers and letters, should be written in the accession book 
 in a column left for the purpose, on the line given up to the description of the book in hand. This enables one to refer at 
 once from the accession entry of a given book to the shelf list entry of the same book. 
 
 I^'?^'^ 
 
 fSV 
 
 T.-!»:jLn. 
 
 s\\ 
 
 
 ^crrVk 
 
 cn^5oAx/v\r\ 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 :^5 2,^ 1 
 
 Card showing shelf list entry 
 
 Shelf list guides 
 
 THESE guides are printed in two sets with the Dewey Decimal Classification headings, 
 one set from the first summary and one from the second summary, for use with 33 
 size cards. Made of buff stock with celluloided tabs. 
 
 The small library just starting and wishing for the time being to dispense with subject cards for the catalog will find 
 use for the shelf list (guided with Dewey Decimal Classification guides) as a partial subject catalog or class list record. The 
 alphabetic index to classes is obtained by keeping available at the shelf Hst case a copy of the abridged D. C. No. 1002 
 which contains a relative subject index. Subject cards can be put in the catalog later and no work previously done 
 wasted or duplicated. 
 
 Cat. no. 
 
 1177 
 
 Set of 100 guides printed with the 
 Second summary divisions, tabs half 
 cut, assorted positions. 
 
 1177.1 Set of 10 guides printed with the 
 10 classes of the first summary. The 
 second summary divisions are printed 
 on the body of the guide (see illustra- 
 tion), tabs half cut, center positions. 
 
 1177.2 Set of 90 guides printed with the sec- 
 ond summary divisions, omitting the 
 10 classes of the first summary. This 
 set will enable librarians who have 
 purchased the first summary set 
 (1177.1) to complete the second 
 summary by the purchase of the 
 additional 90 guides. 
 
 nrni SriBnial libraries 
 nRn Bpnprai SnrJRlim 
 
 X. 
 
 n4n npnaral nnllRrlinnt > 
 
 ihruiiEcononiir 
 
 aiEconomir \ 
 
 010 Biblioeraphy 
 
 020 Library Economy 
 
 030 General Cylopedias 
 
 040 General Collections 
 
 050 General Periodicals 
 
 060 General Societies 
 
 070 Newspapers 
 
 080 Special Libraries.. Polyeraphy 
 
 090 Book Rarities 
 
 [ 20 
 
SCHOOL LIBRARIES 
 
 Charging systems 
 
 Charging system for the smaller school library 
 
 
 TWO WEEKS BOOK 
 
 TO BE RETURNED ON OR BEFORE 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 K day beyoad (his th«rc shall be a 
 
 Book card no. 1152 and 
 Date due slip no. 1172.1 
 
 THIS simple, efficient system of charging books is 
 recommended for use in the smaller school library 
 where a minimum number of forms is desired. 
 
 The supplies required for the working of this system 
 are: 1. A combined date slip and book pocket, one for 
 each book to be circulated, (Cat. 
 nos. 1172 or 1172.1.) 2. A book 
 card, one for each book to be cir- 
 culated. (Cat. no. 1152.) 3. A 
 charging tray. (Cat. no. 1203.1.) 
 4. One set of date guides. (Cat. 
 no. 11851 in tray.) 5. One band- 
 dating stamp. (Cat. no. 1307.) 
 6. One ink pad. (Cat. no. 1325.) 
 When the book is presented 
 for charging, the book card is 
 and the name of the borrower 
 
 Tray no. 1203.1 
 Guides no. 11851 
 
 removed from the book pocket 
 
 written, thereon; and the date that the book is due or lent stamped 
 
 on the book card. This date is also stamped on the date space of 
 
 the book pocket. The book card is then placed in the charging tray 
 
 behind the date guide, indicating the date on which the book is due. 
 When the book is returned the book card 
 
 is taken from the charging tray and the loan 
 
 is canceled by drawing the pen or pencil 
 
 through the borrower's name and the date. 
 
 The book card is then placed in the book 
 
 pocket and the book is again ready for 
 
 the shelf. 
 
 The book pocket recommended combines 
 
 a date due slip, which informs the borrower 
 
 when the book is due, and also provides a 
 
 pocket in the book for holding the book 
 
 card. 
 
 Band dater 
 no. 1307 
 
 [21] 
 
 Brooklyn book pocket no. 1 1 73 
 
 I 
 
SCHOOL LIBRARIES 
 
 Charging system for large school library 
 
 THE charging system for the school library should consist of the fewest possible forms 
 and entries. 
 
 Supplies required for the working of this system are: 1. A book pocket for each book to 
 be circulated. (Cat. no. 1173.) 2. A white book card for each book to be circulated. 
 (Cat. no. 1152.) 3. A charging tray. (Cat. no. 1200.) 4. One set of date guides. 
 (Cat. no. 11856, gray pressboard.) 5. One band-dating stamp. (No. 1307.) 6. One ink pad. 
 (Cat. no. 1325.) 7. A supply of cards of three colors, preferably salmon, fawn, and blue, 
 printed at the top as follows : 
 
 Salmon Card, no. 1150.1 : 
 "This book must be re- 
 turned before 9 o'clock the 
 next morning." 
 
 Fawn Card, no. 1150.2: 
 "This book must be returned 
 at the close of one study 
 period or at the end of uncan- 
 celed period noted below." 
 
 Blue Card, no. 1150.3: 
 "This book is due on the 
 date stamped below, and 
 must be returned or renewed 
 on or before that date." 
 
 When the book is presented for charging, the book card is removed from the book 
 pocket. The book card bears the author's name, title of the book, and call number. This 
 card (see no. 1152) has one vertical line near the left side. In the narrow column is stamped 
 the date due; the borrower's name is written in the wide column with class or seat designa- 
 tion. The entry on the book card is made by the librarian or attendant at the charging 
 desk. At the convenience of the attendant, the book card is filed behind a date guide 
 designating the date on which the book is due. The desk attendant inserts in the book 
 pocket, a time card (see illustration) which indicates by color and printing that the book 
 must be returned either before 9 o'clock the next morning; (2) at the close of one study 
 period, or at the end of uncanceled period noted; (3) on or before the date stamped 
 below. 
 
 When the book is returned, the time card is immediately withdrawn from the book 
 pocket, and at the convenience of the librarian, the time card is filed with the group of 
 similar color for future use. 
 
 The book card is withdrawn from the charging tray and the loan is canceled by draw- 
 ing a line through the borrower's name. The book card is then placed in the book pocket 
 and the book is again ready for the shelf. 
 
 [22] 
 
 STUDY PERIOD USE 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 This book 
 period or at 
 
 nust be retur 
 ;he end of urn 
 
 led at the close of one study 
 .ancelled period noted below. 
 
 This book is due on the date stamped below, and 
 must be returned or renewed on or before that date- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 This book must be returned before 9 o'clock the 
 next morning. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ..=z — ->_ 
 
 —T=:z=>~-^ 
 
 ■^-.^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 L--^- — ^ 
 
 J 
 
 
 ^~-~-.^____^ 
 
 No. 1150.2 
 
 No. 1150.1 
 
 No. 1150.3 
 
SCHOOL LIBRARIES 
 
 Charging desks 
 
 EVERY school library of sufficient size to employ a librarian should have a well equipped 
 flat top desk not over 32}/4, Inches high for the transaction of the daily business. This 
 hight of 32}/2 Inches permits the librarian to 
 sit at the desk while charging and discharg- 
 ing books and transacting other business 
 with the pupils. Sufficient shelf space should 
 be provided for the temporary housing of 
 returned and reserved books. 
 
 Low charging desk ^^^ r Low charging desk 
 
 The no. 7399, U-shaped desk, illus- "i"""" "o. 7399 
 
 trated, has been found particularly conven- ^^H in. high, 84 m. wde, 833^ in. deep 
 
 lent for the busy high school library, as all systems and devices are within arm's 
 reach of an attendant sitting at the front; yet It Is large enough for a second assistant 
 
 during the busy hours of the day; 
 
 This desk gives maximum capacity for 
 returned books with ample drawer space 
 for borrowers' cards, blank forms, etc. 
 Fitted with removable charging trays for the 
 charging system. Space provided for sepa- 
 rate cabinet for cards. 
 
 Showing paneling 
 
 Wing-type charging desk 
 
 The L. B. wing-type charging desk 
 gives maximum efficiency with economy 
 of space. Fitted with sunken charging 
 trays with roll curtain, cash drawer, regis- 
 tration trays, bookshelving, drawers, and 
 cupboards for miscellaneous uses. Catalog 
 no. 7398. This desk is 39 Inches high. H 
 
 Low charging desk, no. 7392' 
 323^ in. high, 72 in. long, 28 in. deep 
 
 no. 7398 
 
 39 in. high, 108^ in. wide. Depth of center section, 28 in. 
 
 igh base swivel chair no. 7228 Is used with 
 this desk. 
 
 Low charging desk 
 
 In smaller libraries, the no. 7392 charg- 
 ing desk gives a convenient arrangement of 
 devices for the necessary charging systems; 
 equipped with special pull-out shelves for 
 returned books, etc. One drawer Is divided 
 into card compartments for registration. 
 
 I 
 
SCHOOL LIBRARIES 
 
 Tables 
 
 THE Library table is a distinct type and should not be confused with the ordinary 
 commercial or office table. Library Bureau designed, standardized, and built the 
 
 first stock library table, many of which are in actual use today. 
 
 The L. B. table has no drawer space and is 
 made with a proper overhang of the top and 
 with the edges of the top softened or slightly 
 rounded. These tables are made in graduated 
 hights to meet all library requirements. L. 
 B. tables are made of white oak, quarter- 
 sawed to secure the best grain. The tops 
 have the edges banded so that the quartered 
 oak grain shows at all points. The square 
 legs are of the taper type and are con- 
 structed with the quartered grain on all ex- 
 posed surfaces. The aprons are connected 
 
 at the corners by steel plates into which the legs are bolted from 
 
 the back. This construction insures the permanent rigidity of 
 
 the table which is very necessary when tables are moved 
 
 frequently. The table may be entirely taken apart for ship- 
 ment or storage. Both rectangular and round tables are carried 
 
 in stock. All rectangular tables up to 3 x 5 feet are made with 
 
 tops 13^ inches thick. All other sizes including 48-inch diameter 
 
 round tables have tops Iji inches thick. The legs of the 
 
 rectangular table 3x5 feet are 2if inches at the top and 2^^ inches 
 
 at the bottom. Rectangular tables larger than 3x5 feet are made with 
 
 legs 3}/i inches at the top, 
 
 Library table 
 Cat. no. 7100, 3X5 size 
 
 -J 
 
 Cat. 
 
 Cat. no. 7224 
 
 Girls' High School, Brooklyn 
 
 Showing tables arranged for general study purposes. Charging 
 desk in foreground. In the rear unit wood book- 
 shelving, alcove arrangement 
 
 [24 
 
 23^2 inches at the bottom. 
 
 A line of pedestal tables 
 in the same size as the leg type is also 
 carried regularly in stock. 
 
 Chairs 
 
 FOR general library work we advise 
 the use of the no. 7201 chair herewith 
 illustrated. This chair combines lightness 
 with extreme rigidity and durability. The 
 seat is of the saddle type with box fram- 
 ing further reinforced by corner blocks, 
 glued and screwed into place. 
 
SCHOOL LIBRARIES 
 
 Girls' High School, Brooklyn 
 
 Sloping top exhibition case and reference attendant's desk 
 
 in foreground 
 
 Size and arrangement of tables 
 
 The unit of space required for a student 
 in a school library is approximately 30 
 inches. A table, 3x5 feet and 30 inches 
 high is the ideal size. It conveniently 
 accommodates four' readers, two on each 
 side and, when necessary, one more at each 
 end. This size table with a maximum of 
 six students is convenient for work and 
 makes supervision easy. 
 
 Tables longer than 5 feet are objection- 
 able. Theypermitofiargergroups, thereby 
 encouraging conversation and restlessness. 
 
 The 3x5 size permits of convenient 
 
 The back legs, which are continuous, 
 forming the back, are steam bent, instead 
 of being sawed out of flat lumber. In 
 this way the common objection to the 
 sawed-out leg, that of splitting, is over- 
 come. This is an especially strong feature 
 on account of the severe use which library 
 chairs receive. This same type of chair is 
 carried in the swivel pattern, with bases 
 made in two hights, the lower, no. 7224, 
 for the 323^ in. hight desk, the higher, no. 
 7228, for the 39-inch hight charging desk. 
 The material used in the construction of 
 these chairs is selected quartered oak. 
 
 Showing library floor cleared for social purposes 
 
 • Easily accomplished when 3X5 tables are used 
 
 [25 
 
 T-shaped arrangement 
 
 Students are examining and passing pictures 
 
 aisles and allows free use of the room. It 
 is particularly convenient for rearrange- 
 ment into "U" or "T" shape forms for 
 the grouping of a class using illustrative 
 material. This size is also convenient 
 when clearing the library floor for social 
 purposes, such as neighborhood gather- 
 ings, class dances, and entertainments in 
 general. The use of larger tables prevents 
 making this change with any ease or rapid- 
 ity. Large rectangular tables and round 
 tables can be supplied to meet special de- 
 mands. Tables of special design may be 
 furnished to conform to architects' 
 specifications. 
 
SCHOOL LIBRARIES 
 
 Bookshelving 
 
 BOOKSHELVING should be placed around all the walls of the library wherever possi- 
 ble, utilizing all available space and leaving the floor space clear for reading tables 
 and other movable furniture. When free standing or double-faced ranges of shelving are 
 
 used, these should be placed at one end of the room 
 in alcoves opening toward the centre, thereby making 
 it easy for the librarian to have complete oversight 
 of the whole room. 
 
 Wood shelving is advised in preference to steel 
 because It adds to the attractiveness of the room, 
 and can be finished to match finish of the building 
 and furniture. The L. B. type usually supplied is 
 no. 7031, 6 feet, 10 inches high, 8 Inches deep, having 
 seven shelves for books, permitting 10 inches in hight 
 between shelves. The bottom shelf in all ranges is 
 fixed. All other shelves are adjustable in hight on 
 Inch centres. The length of each section is 3 feet, 
 being the correct spacing to give proper support to 
 the books. By maintaining the standard of 3 feet for 
 length, all the shelves In the 
 library are interchangeable. 
 Some few sections of shelv- 
 ing, 10 inches deep, should be 
 provided for oversize books. 
 This need not be more than 
 10 per cent of the total capacity of the library. Double shelving- 
 Is free standing and is used out In the room. It can be used In single 
 ranges or for forming alcoves where desired. Oak, because of its wear- 
 ing qualities, Is the best material to use In the construction of book- 
 shelving. Quarter-sawed white oak used in the construction of L. B. 
 unltwood shelving is selected for beauty of grain and takes a superior 
 finish. Shelves are made with grooved fronts to take the labels used 
 to indicate the class of books on the shelf. 
 
 Both the wall and double shelving are of the unit type, which 
 permits expansion and rearrangement to suit the librarian's needs. 
 Where necessary, bulletin boards can be provided as a part of the 
 shelving. 
 
 For multi-story construction, steel shelving, carrying a mez- 
 zanine floor of steel and glass, is recommended. See Illustration, 
 page 28. 
 
 [26] 
 
 Range of 6 ft. 10 in. high wall shelving, 
 
 composed of two 3 ft. units or sections 
 
 Furnished with shelves 8, 10, or 12 in. deep 
 
 Cat. no. 7010 
 
 Single 6 ft. 10 in. high 
 
 section 12 in. deep with 
 
 back and glass doors 
 
SCHOOL LIBRARIES 
 
 Glass-door bookcases 
 
 ONE or two sections of the bookshelving should 
 be fitted with glass doors to lock, for the 
 display and protection of rare and finely illus- 
 trated editions and books in costly bindings. All 
 other shelving in the room should be of the open 
 type. 
 
 The section illustrated at bottom of preceding 
 page (Cat. no. 7010) is of the standard 12-inch 
 depth, fitted with back and doors, the doors be- 
 ing fitted with up and down bolt and lock. Shelves 
 are 10 inches deep in the clear. These sections 
 may be used singly or in ranges the same as the 
 unit wood shelving. The no. 7001 bookcase, illus- 
 trated on page 31, is also adaptable to this pur- 
 pose, and may be used where a lower case is 
 wanted. 
 
 Range of 6 ft. 10 in. high double shelving 
 
 composed of two 3 ft. units or sections 
 
 Furnished with shelves 8, 10, or 12 in. deep 
 
 Magazine display and storage 
 
 WHERE the unit type of bookshelving is used, it is possible 
 to combine magazine display and storage with the shelving. 
 For the storage of back magazines, a cupboard divided into 
 compartments of two sizes is supplied. This cupboard is of the 
 proper size to fit into shelving of the 12-inch depth. For the 
 display of current numbers of the magazines, sloping shelves of 
 varying depths or an upright rack, with 5 compartments, follow- 
 ing the general lines of Library Bureau stock magazine and 
 periodical racks, may be fitted into this shelving. 
 
 For full information see catalog ''''Unit wood bookshelving.''^ 
 
 A single section of 6 ft. 
 10 in. wall shelving 12 
 in. depth fitted with 
 magazine storage cup- 
 board and upright rack 
 for current numbers 
 
 [27 
 
SCHOOL LIBRARIES 
 
 Steel bookstack 
 
 Steel multi-story bracket bookstack, Schenley High School, Pittsburgh 
 
 Technical furniture 
 
 THE smooth working of the library depends in part upon 
 the technical furniture installed. The pieces of furni- 
 ture herein described and illustrated are scientifically planned 
 to meet certain fixed requirements of all libraries and are 
 constructed on right principles. 
 
 Periodical racks 
 
 Provision should be made for proper care of periodicals. 
 Current numbers should be arranged in binders, placed in 
 compartments in the top of the case, and past numbers 
 filed in drawers below, until bound. 
 
 This rack, catalog no. 7056, combines display space with 
 storage drawers. The top is arranged with four compart- 
 ments for cui'rent magazines. Below are sixteen small and 
 eight large drawers for the storage of back numbers. This 
 same type of case is carried in wider size, having twenty- 
 four small and twelve large drawers. (Cat. no. 7055.) 
 
 [28I 
 
 IN large schools 
 where a storage 
 book or stack room 
 is necessary for text 
 books and seldomused 
 library books, this can 
 be provided for in any 
 convenient location, 
 not necessarily 
 connected with the 
 library, and if double 
 tier of stack is neces- 
 sary, steel stack 
 should be used. 
 
 Send for catalog 
 '''' Steel bookstack^ 
 
 Cat. no. 7056 .. 
 Periodical rack and file 
 
SCHOOL LIBRARIES 
 
 Periodical rack Cat. no. 7054.4 
 
 The storage trays in these cases are of the proper size to 
 take the current magazines published to-day. All trays are 
 so constructed that the back of the tray forms a stop which 
 prevents the tray from accidentally being pulled from the 
 case and dropped. 
 
 Periodical rack, no. 7054.4, is used for the display of 
 current numbers and is a very convenient type where 
 storage of back numbers is not desired. This rack has 
 eight compartments of graduated depth to take care 
 of the magazines of various sizes. 
 
 Atlas and dic- 
 tionary case 
 
 An atlas and diction- 
 ary case, no. 7095, should 
 be provided for the care 
 of atlases, folios, and 
 large books which must 
 lie flat. These are ar- 
 ranged on sliding shelves to permit of consultation on the 
 shelf without removal if desired. The top is made sloping 
 to accommodate the dictionary. 
 
 The three shelves above the bottom shelf may be removed, 
 giving space high enough to accommodate a row of dictionaries. This leaves two shelves for 
 
 atlases which is generally ample for school purposes. 
 
 Bulletin boards 
 
 It is essential to have plenty of bulletin board 
 space, arranged in advantageous locations for dis- 
 plays of various kinds, pictures, etc., to add to the 
 attractiveness of the library room. One large board 
 should be provided on which newspaper clippings 
 may be mounted. 
 
 Combined display and bulletin case 
 
 This case is used for books of current interest, 
 books on assigned subjects, of interest to a class at a 
 given time, or books in attractive editions. The 
 bulletin board space above being used for tempting 
 annotated list of books, bulletins, and notices. Design 
 no. 7076 has a larger capacity with three sloping 
 shelves, but without bulletin board. Design no. 7075 
 has four sloping shelves. Send for illustration. 
 
 [29] 
 
 Atlas case Cat. no. 7095 
 
 Pedestal style with two shelves 
 for display of books, and corticln- 
 fiUed bulletin space, 443^X12% 
 inches 
 
SCHOOL LIBRARIES 
 
 Lantern slides, post cards, and 
 photographs 
 
 y% LL lantern slides, post cards, and illustrative ma- 
 X\. terial should be kept on file in the school library. 
 Here they are properly cataloged and filed so as to be 
 available for all departments. This is in line with effi- 
 ciency and economy, as it saves unnecessary duplication 
 of the same slide for each department when the slides 
 are kept by department heads. Slides of general in- 
 terest are in this way available for all departments. 
 Each tray in the unit illustrated will hold about 100 
 slides. All trays are equipped with partitions, dividing 
 the space into 2-inch compartments. This division pre- 
 vents accidental breakage. Trays are equipped with 
 stop catches to prevent their falling out when being 
 used. The slides are filed vertically in the trays, 
 making it easy to read the titles on the top edge of 
 the slides. 
 
 Horizontal unit filing cabinets showing 2-drawer 
 legal size unit for photographs, 24-tray unit for 
 lantern slides, and 5-tray card unit for post 
 cards ; with cornice and high leg base. 
 
 Clippings and pamphlets 
 
 THE proper filing and indexing of clippings, pamphlets, 
 and other reference material is most important. To be 
 of the greatest use, this material must be instantly available 
 and in a form that can be referred to conveniently and without 
 damage to the material filed. 
 
 The use of the vertital file for the housing of such material 
 has solved the problem In many school libraries. By the use 
 of the correspondence size file, sheets as large as 93^x1 IJ^ inches 
 may be filed. The clippings are pasted on manlla sheets, these 
 sheets being placed in a folder with a projecting tab on which 
 the subject Is written. All clippings and materal referring to 
 this subject will be contained in this folder. The folders are 
 filed alphabetically by subject. Any material or papers larger 
 than 9}/2xllJ4 Inches can be folded. 
 
 Magazine articles bearing on any subject can be indexed 
 under that subject, reference being made to the magazine, 
 month, and page. This method avoids clipping magazine articles 
 and at the same time gives immediate and accurate reference 
 to them. This reference may be type-written and pasted on 
 the manlla sheets or can be written directly on the sheets. 
 
 [30] 
 
 Standard vertical 4-drawer unit, 
 Catalog no. 8010, for clippings and 
 pamphlets. Dimensions 51^ 
 inches high by 27 inches deep, 
 front to back ; inside depth of each 
 drawer 24 inches, giving 8 feet of 
 filing space. 
 
 Send for catalog " Unit filing 
 cabinets in wood." 
 
SCHOOL LIBRARIES 
 
 L. B. Unit bookcases 
 
 THE L. B. Unit bookcase is a complete case with four 
 adjustable shelves, and is built on exquisite lines. By 
 the simplest operation any number of additional units may 
 be added, the result being a solid and complete case. 
 
 These bookcases are made of white oak, Indiana grown, 
 quartered to give the best figure. Backs and inside ends 
 of hardwood. Shelves are of hardwood faced with oak. 
 Knobs and key plates are of solid brass with the beautiful 
 dull finish so highly prized in the best examples of Colonial 
 brass. The ends are paneled, giving the effect of being carved 
 from solid wood — a refined effect found only in cabinet 
 work of the highest grade. 
 
 This case is 56 inches high by 333^ inches wide with a clear inside depth of 
 9% inches; outside depth, 12 inches. 
 
 Furnished without doors and with plain and leaded glass doors. 
 
 The L. B. Unit bookcase is by far 
 the most compact expansion case 
 made. 
 
 Book trucks 
 
 L. U. 
 
 Liiii Dookcase with plain glass 
 doors, Cat. no. 7001 
 
 BOOK trucks are used 
 for the transfer of books 
 from the charging desk to the bookshelves and form a 
 valuable auxiliary to the charging desk. The style illus- 
 trated (no. 7604) is especially adapted to school libraries, 
 being compact in size and easily handled. The dimensions 
 are 30 inches long, 35 inches high, 14 inches deep. 
 
 This truck is fitted with four 4-inch swivel wheels, with indestructible 
 
 fabric tires. Three other styles of trucks nos. 7600, 7601, 7602, body size of 
 
 each 393^ inches long, 143^8 inches wide, are carried in stock. Truck no. 7600 
 
 is fitted with two 8-inch fixed wheels and two 5-inch swivel wheels with inde- 
 structible fabric 
 tires. Hight 443^ inches. Truck no. 7601 is fitted with two 
 5-inch fixed wheels and two 5-inch swivel wheels with inde- 
 structible fabric tires. Hight 423^2 inches. Truck no. 7602 is 
 fitted with two 5-inch fixed wheels and two 5-inch swivel 
 wheels with rubber tires. Hight 43 Inches. 
 
 Attendant's desk 
 
 IN large libraries where the services of an 
 attendant are required and in very small 
 libraries where a standard type of charging 
 desk is not used, a desirable form of atten- 
 dant's desk is no. 7304. 
 
 This desk is 303^2 inches high, the top being 42x30 
 inches. This desk is equipped with a centre drawer with pen 
 tray and two smaller drawers with divided compartments. 
 Above the small drawers there is a sliding reference shelf, 
 10^ inches wide. The chair generally used with this desk is 
 the no. 7224 swivel type described on page 25. 
 
 31] 
 
SCHOOL LIBRARIES 
 
 Exhibition equipment 
 
 T IBRARY Bureau manufactures dust-proof museum cases of plate glass and bronze 
 -*-^ frames for art and science exhibits and for trophies. The cases having very narrow 
 
 ng very 
 frames permit of a 
 maximum area of glass 
 for a better inspection 
 of the objects. The 
 cases are equipped 
 with hinged doors and 
 locks, and are made of 
 table design of the wall 
 type and also of the 
 center or double-faced 
 type. These cases are 
 used extensively in the 
 largest museums 
 throughout the coun- 
 try. 
 
 For full information 
 
 Complete installation of Library Bureau standard wall and center type send for catalog L. B. 
 cases in the museum of the Hutchinson High School, Buffalo, N. Y. Museum cases.^' 
 
 Schenley High School 
 library, Pittsburgh, Pa., 
 showing tables, chairs, 
 charging desk, catalog 
 case, filing cabinets for 
 clippings, pamphlets, 
 lantern slides, photo- 
 graphs, post cards, etc. 
 Made and installed by 
 Library Bureau. 
 
 [32] 
 
FOURTEEN DAY USE 
 
 RETURN TO DESK FROM WHICH BORROWED 
 
 LIBRAEY SCHOOL LUMSOy-^^; 
 
 This book is due on the last date stamped below, or 
 
 on the date to which renewed. 
 
 Renewed books are subject to immediate recall. 
 
 Li 
 
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