UC-NRLF 
 
 SB E57 
 
GIFT OF 
 
ibeatb's fiDofcern Xanguaoe Series 
 
 A TRIP 
 TO SOUTH AMERICA 
 
 EXERCISES IN SPANISH COMPOSITION 
 
 BY 
 
 SAMUEL M. WAXMAN 
 
 ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF ROMANCE LANGUAGES m 
 BOSTON UNIVERSITY 
 
 D. C. HEATH & CO., PUBLISHERS 
 
 BOSTON NEW YORK CHICAGO 
 
COPYRIGHT, 1916, 
 BY D. C. HEATH & Co. 
 
PREFACE 
 
 These lessons are intended for students in high schools 
 and colleges who have mastered the elements of Spanish 
 grammar. They form a series of consecutive conversations 
 between a young business man and a college instructor who 
 first plan a trip to South America and then visit Rio de 
 Janeiro, Buenos Aires, and Santiago de Chile. It is hoped 
 that in each lesson the Spanish conversation will be learned 
 verbatim by the student before he attempts to do the exer- 
 cise in composition. The English exercises are purposely 
 kept close to the Spanish in order that the student may 
 make as few errors as possible in Spanish constructions, the 
 author's theory being that it is wiser to give the student 
 the idiomatic Spanish phrase at the very outset, and not 
 allow him the slightest opportunity to write phrases that 
 have an English flavor. Each lesson contains in part 2 one 
 or more irregular verbs put into short, colloquial phrases 
 introducing as many simple, current idioms as possible. 
 
 I take this opportunity to thank my colleague, Professor 
 Francisco Zuazaga, and Mr. Guillermo Rivera of Harvard 
 University for many valuable suggestions and corrections. 
 I am especially indebted to Mr. Rivera who very kindly 
 examined the manuscript before it went to press and also 
 read the proofs. Thanks are also due to the Macmillan Co. 
 and to Mr. Rivera once more for their kind permission to 
 reprint the description of Rio de Janeiro in Lesson XII. 
 
 S. M. W. 
 
 A45894 
 
A TRIP TO SOUTH AMERICA 
 
 LESSON I 
 1. En el Club 
 
 jHola, Juan! <:Es Vd.? <;C6mo va, holgazan? <[Que 
 hace Vd. aqui a 1 esta hora del dia? <iNo tiene Vd. nada 
 que hacer? 
 
 <:Que tal, Pablo? jCuanto me alegro de verle! He 
 venido aqui para fumar un cigarro y pensar tranquila- 5 
 mente. 
 
 jVd. pensar! Y ^desde cuando? 
 
 jBasta de chistes, guason, y sientese Vd. aqui! 
 Pero jque calyase ha puesto Vd., Pablo! ^De donde viene 
 eso? <iDe tanto estudiar? Pues estoy meditando sobre 10 
 algunos planes muy importantes. No soy el muchacho 
 aturdido de los tiempos antiguos del colegio. 
 
 jAja! ,:Esas tenemos? ^Y se puede saber cuales 
 son esos planes del hombre serio? 
 
 Si, <ic6mo no? Mi padre me ha dado una semana 15 
 para considerar si quiero ir a la America del Sur. 
 
 jDichoso Vd.! No es dificil adivinar por su cara 
 que ha aceptado. Espero que aprovechara Vd. esa opor- 
 tunidad. Mis felicitaciones, amigo mio. 
 
 Gracias. Tiene Vd. razon. Me voy. 20 
 
 Me gustaria infinite acompanarle, porque siempre 
 
 1 In conformity with the rule in the latest edition of the Spanish Academy 
 grammar, no accent appears on the preposition a or on the conjunctions 
 o, e, and u. When o appears between two cardinal numerals, however, the 
 accent is retained in order to avoid ambiguity, as in 20 6 30. 
 
 I 
 
2 A TRIP TO SOUTH AMERICA 
 
 Mifr han mte reside los paises latinoamericanos, especial- 
 mente el Brasil, la Argentina, el Uruguay, Chile, y el 
 Peru. Siempre que me es posible, asisto a las conferen- 
 cias sobre la America del Sur y siempre estoy comprando 
 5 libros que tratan de ella. Y le aseguro que algunos son 
 bastante caros. De manera que tengo una coleccion muy 
 buena que pongo a su disposition. 
 
 Muchisimas gracias. Yo al contrario, apenas si 
 puedo decir "Buenos dias" en espanol. Se acordara Vd. 
 
 10 de que segui el curso del primer ano en espanol, pero no 
 continue el estudio de ese idioma. Ademas, bien sabe 
 Vd. que no fui nunca un estudiante sobresaliente. 
 
 Pero habia tanta diferencia en nuestro respectivo 
 porvenir. Vd. iba a entrar en negocios y yo estudiaba 
 
 15 para profesor. 
 
 2. Verbs: pensar, sentarse 
 
 Irregular verbs will be found in the Appendix alphabetically arranged. 
 
 I think so. Do you think so? We do not think you are 
 right. They think he is an A student. I thought that you 
 were not coming. They thought that you studied too much. 
 We thought that you would take advantage of this oppor- 
 20 tunity. I was thinking about 1 it. What do you think of 2 
 him? Don't sit-down there. Sit-down here. He is sitting 
 down in my chair. I sat down in order to think over some 
 plans. They will all sit down. This coat does not fit 3 me. 
 How becoming that hat is to you! 4 
 
 3. Exercise 
 
 25 What a lazy fellow you are, John! Is this all you have to do? 
 How are you, Paul? How stout you have got! How did that 
 
 * en elk. * de. 3 sentar bien. 4 "How well sits to you that hat!" 
 
A TRIP TO SOUTH AMERICA 3 
 
 happen? 1 From eating and sleeping too much? I am very glad 
 to see you! Have you come here to study? I, study! I have 
 more important things to do. May I know what those impor- 
 tant things are? Yes, my father wants me to go 2 to South 
 America. Is that what's up? Lucky fellow! I can see by 5 
 your face that you will take advantage of that fine oppor- 
 tunity. Congratulations, my dear friend. Should you like 
 to go with me? Yes, of course I should. 3 I always go to hear 
 lectures on South America. What countries do you plan to 
 visit? I am especially interested 4 in Brazil, Argentina, and 10 
 Chile. I have bought a large collection of books on South 
 America, some of which 5 were very expensive. I, on the 
 contrary, have scarcely read a single book 6 about those coun- 
 tries. I know that you were never an A student. Never, and 
 although I took a course in Spanish while I was at college, 15 
 I did not study that language seriously. But now you are 
 not the harebrained fellow of the old college days. You are 
 right. You used to study because you wanted to be a pro- 
 fessor. I was going into business and did not take advantage 
 of my opportunities. How serious you have become! Let us 20 
 sit down here and smoke. 
 
 LESSON II 
 1. En el Club. (Continuation) 
 
 Eso esta muy bien, pero no es una disculpa. Como 
 muchos jovenes americanos no me aplique a mis estudios 
 de ninguna manera. Pero Vd. a quien llamabamos es- 
 tudianton es ahora un profesor de idiomas modernos, 25 
 y y> <i c l ue ' s y? Nada mas que el hijo de un padre rico. 
 
 1 "Whence comes that?" 2 Pres. subj. after a verb of willing. 3 For 
 supuesto que si. * "Interest me especially Brazil," etc. 6 de los cuales. 
 6 ni un libra siquiera* 
 
4 A TRIP TO SOUTH AMERICA 
 
 jAh, quien supiera hablar espanol! 1 del portugues no 
 digamos nada. 
 
 Pero <iy el f ranees? <;No puede Vd. hablar un poquito 
 de frances? Porque se habla mucho frances en los paises 
 5 sudamericanos especialmente en el Brasil y en la Argen- 
 tina por ejemplo. 
 
 jNi frances tampoco puedo hablar! Vergiienza me 
 da pensar en el tiempo precioso que he perdido. Pero 
 jque tonto soy! ^Porque no habia pensado en esto antes? 
 
 10 jVenga Vd. conmigo y sea mi interprete! Pagare la mi tad 
 de sus gastos. 
 
 jlmposible! <iY mis cursos? ^Los voy a dejar a 
 mitad del ano? 
 
 Pues pida Vd. permiso al rector de la universidad 
 15 para partir en cuanto empiecen los examenes, y que uno 
 
 de sus colegas los corrija. 
 
 Pero <:esta Vd. seguro de que su padre pagara la 
 mitad de mis gastos? No he calculado exactamente el 
 costo del viaje pero se muy bien que no es barato, y que 
 
 20 es mucho mas caro que un viaje a Europa. Estoy seguro 
 de que no tengo bastantes recursos. 
 
 Es verdad que no he hablado todavia con mi padre, 
 y hasta que haya discutido el proyecto con el no puedo 
 decir mas. Pero no me apuro por eso. Voy en seguida 
 
 25 a explicarle todo. Vera Vd. como estara conforme. Tiene 
 Vd. que ir por su parte,a hablar con el rector a ver lo que 
 piensa el de nuestro plan. jA proposito! ^Donde vive 
 Vd. ahora? 
 
 En la misma casa de huespedes donde vivia cuando 
 
 30 era estudiante. 
 
 ^De veras? 
 
 1 "Oh, if I could only speak Spanish!" 
 
A TRIP TO SOUTH AMERICA 5 
 
 Si, me gusta muchisimo. La situation es muy tran- 
 quila; puedo ir y venir cuando me da la gana, y estoy muy 
 contento alii. Pues le telefonare esta tarde a eso de las 
 seis. 
 
 Conforme. No saldre hasta que le haya hablado. 5 
 Pues me voy. Hasta la vista. 
 
 2. Verbs : poder, ir _$ ' 
 
 Can you speak Spanish? I used to speak it when I went to 
 college, but I cannot speak it now. I am all exhausted. 1 He 
 could not say "How do you do?" in Spanish. They cannot 
 go to the lecture. I shall not be able to study my lesson. He 10 
 will not be able to come. Not being able to do it, I left it. 
 Save your money for a rainy day. 2 They shouted as loud as 
 they could. 3 I am going away. 4 Go with him. Let's go. I 
 went with them. I shall go this afternoon. He is going now. 
 If I should go, she would not speak to me. 5 Let him go if he 15 
 wants to. I was going to 6 see him. God be with you. 7 Go 
 to the dickens. Does this street lead 8 to the university? 
 My, 9 what a man! 
 
 3. Exercise 
 
 We used to call you a grind. Do you remember? Yes, I 
 remember very well. You were very serious and were study- 20 
 ing to be a professor. You never would go out with us hare- 
 brained fellows. 10 Let us not talk any more about that. Tell 
 me about your plans for visiting South America. Very well, 
 but that does not excuse me from not applying myself to the 
 study of Spanish when I had the opportunity. Well, you can 25 
 speak French, can't you? I can scarcely say " How do you do?" 
 in French. That is very serious. Why? Do they speak 
 
 1 No puedo mas. z por to que pueda tronar. 3 a mas no poder. 4 irse. 
 5 Use the imp. subj. and conditional in contrary to fact conditions. 6 a. 
 1 "Go with God." 8 ir. 9 vaya. 10 nosotros, muchachos aturdidos. 
 
6 A TRIP TO SOUTH AMERICA 
 
 French in any of the countries which I am going to visit? 
 Of course in Brazil they speak Portuguese, and in Argen- 
 tina they speak Spanish, but in both countries the well-edu- 
 cated people all 1 know French. I am ashamed that I cannot 2 
 5 speak either 3 language. If you should come with me as my 
 interpreter, I would pay half your expenses. How can I leave 
 my courses in the middle of the year? Why don't you ask 
 permission from the president? I hadn't thought of that. 
 Don't worry about your examinations. Go at once and talk to 
 
 10 him about it. I am sure that he will agree to it. You see on 
 your part what your father thinks of the plan. By the way, 
 what time is it? Oh, it's about two. I must go now. I'll tele- 
 phone to you to-night. Are you living in the same boarding- 
 house? Do you still like it there? Yes. Well, don't go out 
 
 15 until we have discussed the matter. All right! So long! 
 
 LESSON III 
 
 1. En el Telefono 
 
 ^Central? Deme Vd. Main numero 7125. <jEs el 
 Sefior Wallace? 
 
 El mismo. 
 
 jAlbricias, albricias! He hablado con mi padre 
 20 acerca de nuestro proyecto y ha dado su consentimiento 
 
 de muy buena gana. Dijo que la unica cosa que le pre- 
 ocupaba era que yo no pudiese hablar espanol pero que 
 esperaba que saldria de apuros con la habilidad proverbial 
 del yanqui. Pero ya que va a venir Vd., papa esta muy 
 25 contento de que me acompane un profesor de espanol 
 que ha estudiado las costumbres y maneras de ser de 
 los sudamericanos. 
 
 1 toda la gente culta. 2 Use infin. * ni uno ni otro idioma. 
 
A TRIP TO SOUTH AMERICA 7 
 
 - Yo tambien por mi parte he hablado con el rector 
 y despues de meditar sobre la cuestion he venido a de- 
 ducir que sera un buen modo de invertir mis ahorros. No 
 habia pensado gastar tanto dinero este verano, pero 
 espero que cuando vuelva podre ganar algo escribiendo 5 
 articulos para las revistas y <iquien sabe? tal vez escri- 
 bire un libro. 
 
 {Caramba! Pero {que ambicioso es Vd.! Me esta 
 dando Vd. un ejemplo magnifico para tener exito en mi 
 empresa. 10 
 
 Espero poder ayudarle con mas que con palabras 
 espanolas solamente, aunque no digo que eso no es 
 sumamente importante. jMire Vd.! Tantos americanos 
 viajan por el extranjero y regresan a su suelo natal sin 
 saber nada de las costumbres de los paises que han visi- 15 
 tado. Tratamos a los extranjeros como tratariamos 
 
 a nuestros compatriotas. 
 
 Eso lo se yo muy bien. Nuestros vecinos los sud- 
 americanos han recibido una impresion muy mala de 
 nosotros, y por eso me alegro de que vayamos juntos, 20 
 y que Vd. me enserie como debo tratarlos. Tendremos 
 que vernos pronto para hablar de los preparatives de 
 viaje. 
 
 Muy bien. <: Y cuando puedo verle? 
 
 -Vamos a ver. Hoy es viernes, dieciocho. Venga 25 
 Vd. a casa a comer el miercoles que viene. Le presen- 
 tare a mis padres y podremos decidir la fecha de nuestra 
 partida. Entretanto pida Vd. informes en una oficina 
 de vapores acerca de las fechas de salidas, precios, etc. 
 
 Con mucho gusto. Gracias por su amable invita- 30 
 cion. La acepto con placer. 
 
 <iSe le ocurre a Vd. algo mas? 
 
8 A TRIP TO SOUTH AMERICA 
 
 For el momento, no. Pero si se me ocurriese algo, 
 preguntaria. Asi tendre todos los datos a mano. 
 
 2. Verb : tener; sueho, hamtre, sed, frio, color, razon, 
 vergiienza, tener que, prisa, tener ganas de, miedo 
 
 Are you sleepy? No, I was sleepy last night, but I am not 
 sleepy now. We are hungry, we are not thirsty. Are you 
 5 cold? On the contrary, I am warm. If you were right you 
 would not be ashamed. 1 You are wrong. The poor man has 
 nothing to 2 eat. I had to study this morning, but I shall 
 not have to study any more. I am in a hurry. I do not feel 
 like working. If you do not feel like reading, do not read. 
 10 This has nothing to do with 3 that. How old is he? 4 He 
 was twenty-one last month. Being afraid, I had to run. Do 
 not hold it. Let him hold it. I have held it in my hand all 
 day. 5 
 
 3. Exercise 
 
 Well, did you speak to your father and has he consented to 
 15 our plan? Yes. Hurrah, good news! The only thing that 
 troubles him is that I cannot speak Spanish, but I assured 
 him that I can get along. I am very glad that you are com- 
 ing with me. And now that I am to travel in foreign coun- 
 tries with a professor of Spanish I shall not worry about the 
 20 language. Have you thought of a good way to invest your 
 money? Yes, and I have come to the conclusion that I shall 
 spend more money this summer than I had intended. 6 But 
 when you return you will be able to write articles about South 
 America. You think that I am very ambitious. You are 
 25 wrong. My trip will have nothing to do with my university 
 work. 7 I hope you succeed in your undertaking. Just look! 
 
 i Cf. Lesson II, 2, note^. 2 nada que. 3 tener que ver con. 4 "How 
 many years has he?" 5 "All the day." 6 pensado. 7 trabajos en la uni- 
 versidad. 
 
A TRIP TO SOUTH AMERICA 9 
 
 What a bad impression the South American countries have 
 received of us! Although we Americans travel a, great deal 
 to foreign countries, we come back to our nativeiland with- 
 out knowing anything about the countries we h;< /e visited. 
 I am glad we shall see each other soon, because I want to 5 
 talk to you about preparations for our trip. What clothes 
 are you going to take? I'll tell you later when we see each 
 other again. Let me see. What is the date to-day? Monday, 
 the sixteenth. If you will come 1 to my house to dinner next 
 Tuesday, we shall be able to decide on the day of our depar- 10 
 ture then. Thanks for your kind invitation. Meanwhile I'll 
 get all the information I can 2 at the steamship office. If 
 you think of anything else, ask about 3 it. 3 I don't think of 
 anything now. I am in a great hurry. I must go. Be sure 4 
 to have all your information at hand. 15 
 
 LESSON IV 
 1. Una Visita 
 
 <iEs esta la casa del Senor Pritchard? 
 
 Si, senor. Pase Vd. 
 
 jQue amable es Vd. en haber venido! 
 
 Al contrario, el bueno es Vd. en haberme invitado. 
 
 Quitese Vd. su abrigo. Maria, toma el abrigo y el 20 
 sombrero del Serior Wallace. Pase Vd. por aqui. Mama, 
 quiero presentarte mi condiscipulo, el Senor Wallace, de 
 quien he hablado. Papa, este es el caballero que va a 
 acompafiarme este verano. 
 
 Mucho gusto en conocerle. Sientese Vd. jQue 25 
 tiempo mas malo! jY cuanto frio hace a pesar de ser 
 abril! 
 
 1 quiere Vd. venir. 2 que pueda. 3 Omit. 4 cuidado con. 
 
IO I A TRIP TO SOUTH AMERICA 
 
 - Es ver^iad que esta primavera no ha hecho mucho 
 calor. 
 
 ^CorKpe es Vd. profesor de espanol? 
 
 Si, s 'iior. Hace cinco anos que enseno el espanol. 
 5 <iY c6mo le gusta su profesion? 
 
 jOh, asi, asi! Tiene sus ventajas y sus inconve- 
 nientes, pero por lo general no tengo de que quejarme. 
 Jamas nadare en la abundancia como mi amigo Juan, 
 pero en cambio puedo hacer lo que quiera. Cuando 
 
 10 tengo ganas de trabajar entonces trabajo de noche y 
 de dia y cuando no quiero trabajar, me paso el tiempo 
 haciendo nada. 1 Tengo vacaciones muy largas sin cui- 
 dados. Entonges estoy libre para vagar por esos mundos. 
 Por eso es que puedo acompanar a su hijo este verano. 
 
 15 jQue suerte tenemos de encontrar a un profesor que 
 nos sirva de guia y de interprete! 
 
 Pues yo soy el afortunado. Para mi es esta una 
 oportunidad magnifica, y espero poder servirles de algo. 
 Estoy convencido de que no hacemos mas negocios con 
 
 20 la America del Sur porque nosotros no les entendemos a 
 ellos, ni ellos nos entienden a nosotros. Nosotros los 
 norteamericanos menospreciamos a los sudamericanos y 
 ellos nos temen y desconfian de nosotros, a causa de 
 nuestro aire de superioridad. 
 
 25 Y tienen razon de sospechar de nosotros. No han 
 olvidado la guerra con Mejico de 1848 ni la toma de 
 Puerto Rico, ni, lo que es mas reciente, la cuestion de 
 Panama y la toma de Vera Cruz. 
 
 jEa, senores! Tendran Vds. que acabar su con- 
 30 versacion en la mesa. Pasen Vds. al comedor. 
 
 i Trans., I loaf. 
 
A TRIP TO SOUTH AMERICA II 
 
 2. Verb : haber, haber de, hay, hay que 
 
 They would have done it, if you had spoker about it. 1 
 I have not had an opportunity to do it. I am sorry that he 
 has 2 not come. There is nobody here. There were two men 
 there. There will be a lecture to-night at the club. It can't 
 be helped. 3 I am to write to him to-morrow. We are to see 5 
 him this afternoon. They are to leave next week. It must 
 be done 4 at once. Thank you. Don't mention it. 5 I saw him 
 not long ago. 6 Did you ever see such a fool! 7 
 
 3. Exercise 
 
 I asked the servant whether this was your house, and she 
 told me to come in. 8 Good evening. It was kind of you to 10 
 have invited me. Come in here, and I will present you to 
 my father and mother. Mother, this is my classmate, Mr. 
 Wallace. I am very glad to meet you. Have the kindness 
 to sit down. I am to see the president of /our university next 
 Saturday. This is very bad weather, isn't it? Don't you think 15 
 it is very cold for the first of May? Yes, it has been rather 
 cold this spring. And so you have been teaching for four 
 years. Do you like to teach? In general I am very well 
 satisfied with my profession. I never complain, although I 
 know that I shall never roll in wealth. When I do not feel 20 
 like working I am free to do whatever I want. Sometimes I 
 work night and day. At other times I loaf. Yes, and you pro- 
 fessors have long vacations and can travel all over the world 
 in summer. Yes, and how lucky I am to be able to take this trip 
 with your son! In that way I can serve him as interpreter and 25 
 guide. And what a magnificent opportunity I shall have to 
 do some 9 business! Do the South Americans fear us or do 
 
 1 Cf. Lesson II, 2, note b. 2 Subj. (pres.) of haber after a verb express- 
 ing sorrow. 3 "There is no remedy." 4 Hay que hacerlo. 5 No hay de 
 que. No ha mucho. 7 iHabra mas tontol 8 Imp. subj. 9 Omit- 
 
12 A TRIP TO SOUTH AMERICA 
 
 they despise us? Both. 1 They do not like our air of supe- 
 riority. Do you think they are right in suspecting us? Have 
 we ever dore anything to deserve this feeling? But have you 
 forgotten the war with Mexico and the capture of what is 
 5 now a part of the state of Texas? That is true. And the 
 Panama question is a more recent cause for distrust on their 
 part. But if the United States had not recognized the Re- 
 public of Panama, there would be no canal there now. That 
 is true, but what can you say of the rights of Colombia? 
 10 Come, gentlemen, please come into the dining room and 
 finish your conversation at the table. 
 
 LESSON V 
 
 1. Una Comida en Casa 
 
 Juan, sientate por alii, y Sefior Wallace, sientese Vd. 
 aqui a mi derecha, eso es. No les permitire hablar de 
 negocios mientras estamos comiendo. Es regla aqui, y 
 
 15 ademas tienen Vds. toda la noche para eso. 
 
 No se puede decir que hablamos de negocios cuando 
 formamos planes para un viaje a la America del Sur. Eso 
 es un verdadero placer. <:No te alegras de que me vaya? 
 
 Antes no, pero ya que se que estas en buenas manos 
 20 y que no vas a meterte en travesuras, estoy mas conforme. 
 
 De oirle, mama, se creeria que no hago mas que 
 divertirme todo el tiempo. Papa, <mo crees que soy un 
 hombre muy formal? 
 
 Si, muy formal, cuando no hay una partida de 
 25 "football" o de "baseball" en la vecindad. 
 
 i Que injusto eres, papa! Mama, <mo te acuerdas 
 de cuando deje de ir a la gran partida de "football" 
 
 1 Lo uno y lo otro. 
 
A TRIP TO SOUTH AMERICA 13 
 
 entre Harvard y Yale para marcharme a Nueva York 
 por ese padre ingrato? 
 
 Si, pero i que de ruegos de parte de tu padre antes de 
 que consintieses en ir! 
 
 Pero el hecho es que fui. 5 
 
 Si, es verdad, eres un heroe de la abnegation, un 
 verdadero martir. 
 
 jBasta de bromas, papa! no me trates de niiio. 
 
 La verdad es, Sefior Wallace, que Juan siendo 
 nuestro unico hijo le hemos mimado un poquito. 10 
 
 jOtra vez con el mismo refran! 
 
 Pero mientras estamos charlando el Sefior Wallace 
 no tiene nada que comer. Pedro, dale mas pavo al Sefior 
 Wallace. 
 
 Sirvase Vd. pasar su plato. 15 
 
 No, muchas gracias. He comido bastante, le ase- 
 guro. jQue festin ha sido este para un pobre soltero con- 
 denado a comer aqui y alia en los restaurantes a horas 
 irregulares! 
 
 jOh eso es muy malo para la salud! Debiera Vd. 20 
 escoger un buen restaurante y comer alii siempre. 
 
 Si, es verdad, pero son tan monotonos que me gusta 
 cambiar de vez en cuando. 
 
 <iToma Vd. azucar en su cafe? 
 
 - Un terron, gracias. 25 
 
 Ahora Vds. los caballeros pueden pasar a la biblio- 
 teca a fumar y hablar de negocios a sus anchas. Yo 
 tambien ire mas tarde con mi bordado. 
 
 2. Verbs : poner, ponersc, ponersc a 
 
 Put it on the table; don't put it on the chair. How many 
 eggs did the hen lay? Tell the servant to set the table. Put 30 
 
14 A TRIP TO SOUTH AMERICA 
 
 yourself in my place. He is a very well-dressed 1 man. I 
 shall put on my hat and gloves 2 at once. How thin he has 
 got! Your coffee is getting cold. If you did that, she would 
 get furious. She turned very pale. I wish that you would 
 5 get serious. The sun set at six o'clock. They began 3 to 
 laugh. The child is beginning to cry. We began to dance. 
 Set to 3 work. We shall all agree. 4 
 
 3. Exercise 
 
 Don't talk about business while we are sitting at the table. 
 Please sit down over there. Are you glad that we are going to 
 
 10 form plans for a trip to South America? Let us eat before we 
 talk business. To hear you talk one might think that it was 
 not a real pleasure for you. Don't get into mischief! I, get 
 into mischief! You think that all I do is to have a good time. 
 How ungrateful you are after I gave up going to the baseball 
 
 15 game in order to go off to New York for you! But do you 
 remember how you refrained from consenting to go? The 
 fact is, however, that I am a real martyr. The same old story 
 
 * again! Stop joking now, I am a very serious man. The truth 
 is that my parents treat me like a child because I am their 
 
 20 only son. He would not consent to go before I assured him 
 that he must go. I should not have treated you like a child 
 if you had gone off at once. Why, you have nothing to eat! 
 Pass your plate to Mr. Pritchard! My son tells me that 
 you do not eat at regular hours. Yes, I am a poor bachelor, 
 
 25 and I know that I do not eat at regular hours. It is very 
 bad for my health. Be careful 5 or you will get ill. You ought 
 not to change your restaurant at every meal even if it is 
 monotonous. I should not like to go to restaurants all the 
 time. I prefer to eat at home. How many lumps of sugar 
 
 30 do you take? Two, please. 6 Now you ladies stay here while 
 
 1 bien puesto. 2 ponerse el sombrero y los guantes. 3 ponerse a. 4 po- 
 nerse de acuerdo. 5 tenga Vd. cuidado. 6 gracias. 
 
A TRIP TO SOUTH AMERICA 15 
 
 we go into the library to smoke, if you will permit us. Very 
 well, we shall sit here and talk to our hearts' content. We 
 have all the night for that. Please go into the library; we 
 shall follow you. 
 
 LESSON VI 
 1. En la Biblioteca 
 
 Tome Vd. un asiento comodo y hagase Vd. de 5 
 cuenta que esta en su casa. dFuma Vd. cigarros o 
 cigar rillos? 
 
 Tomare un cigarro, gracias, si no es demasiado 
 fuerte. For lo general en casa fumo en pipa, pero de vez 
 en cuando me permito el lujo de un puro. 10 
 
 Pierda Vd. cuidado, ni a mi hijo ni a mi nos gustan 
 cigarros fuertes. Aqui tiene Vd. fosforos. Juan, pon un 
 cenicero cerca del Senor Wallace. Pues ya que estamos 
 a nuestras anchas, diganos Vd. el resultado de sus inves- 
 tigaciones. 15 
 
 Lo tengo todo en el bolsillo. Aqui esta la lista de 
 salidas de vapores. Salen dos veces al mes, el primero 
 y el tercer sabado. 
 
 Aqui veo uno que sale el 14 de mayo. 
 
 Ese es demasiado pronto para mi. 20 
 
 El proximo sale el 28. <iQue le parece a Vd. ese? 
 
 Espere un momento que examine mi programa. Los 
 examenes empiezan el 19 de mayo y acaban el 8 de junio, 
 pero afortunadamente mi ultimo examen tiene lugar el 27 
 
 y es una clase muy pequefia. Puedo corregir los papeles 25 
 ese mismo dia y salir para Nueva York por la noche. 
 
 Esta muy bien asi. Tendremos la maiiana del 28 
 
1 6 A TRIP TO SOUTH AMERICA 
 
 para hacer algunas compras porque veo que el vapor no 
 sale hasta las dos y media de la tarde. ^Estamos conf ormes? 
 
 Pues nos embarcaremos de Nueva York el 28 de 
 mayo. Ve Vd. que para el vapor en Bahia, Rio de Janeiro, 
 
 5 Montevideo y Buenos Aires, que son precisamente las 
 ciudades que queremos visitar. De esta ultima tomare- 
 mos el tren para ir a Santiago y Valparaiso. 
 
 <; Y cuanto tiempo necesitaremos para ir de Nueva 
 York a Rio de Janeiro? 
 
 10 - Unos diez y nueve dias con una corta parada en 
 Bahia. Una semana en Rio de Janeiro. . . . 
 
 <iUna semana? dPorque? jOjala que tengamos 
 negocio bastante para tres dias! 
 
 - No olvide Vd., sefior yanqui, que vamos a vivir con 
 15 los latinos. Ademas, no me gusta viajar con tanta prisa. 
 jZis, zas! Aqui hoy y mafiana alia. jEso no! Quiero 
 digerir lo que veo. 
 
 2. Verbs : saber, Jar 
 
 I didn't know it. He doesn't know what to do. There is 
 something inexplicably 1 interesting in him. He didn't know 
 
 20 what to expect. 2 It isn't known 3 how many perished. He 
 knows it all. 4 This meat tastes of garlic. 5 If I could only 
 write Spanish! If we knew Spanish we should go to Argen- 
 tina. I shall not know how to do it. It has just struck eight. 6 
 It grieves 7 me to see him so sad. She gave him the mitten. 8 
 
 25 If we clapped our hands 9 the waiter would come. He was 
 shouting. 10 My room looks out on n the street. He didn't 
 wind 12 his watch. Let us take 13 a walk. 
 
 1 un no se que de. z saber a que atenerse. 3 "One does not know." 
 4 Se lo sabe todo. saber a ajo. 6 Acaban de dar las ocho. 7 dar pena. 
 8 dar calabazas (pumpkins). 9 dar palmadas. 10 dar voces. u dar a. 
 12 dar cuerda a. 13 dar. 
 
A TRIP TO SOUTH AMERICA 17 
 
 3. Exercise 
 
 Did you take a comfortable chair? Yes, and I shall make 
 myself at home. Do you smoke a pipe at home? Generally, 
 yes. Do you never allow yourself the luxury of a cigar? If 
 yours are not too strong I shall take one. Tell your friend 
 to have no fears, neither of us likes them. Have you a match? 5 
 Put this ash tray near your chair. Now I am at my ease and 
 I shall tell you the result of my investigations. How often 1 
 do the boats leave New York? That one leaves the i8th, 
 but it is too early. Well, how does the next one strike you? 
 Let me see, this one leaves on the third Saturday of the month. 10 
 Of course I shall have to wait until the examinations are over. 
 Fortunately I have a small class on the last day, and can 
 correct the examinations before I leave for New York. Shall 
 we be able to do some shopping the morning of our departure? 
 Yes, the boat does not leave until the afternoon. Does the 15 
 boat stop at Bahia? Yes, it says so 2 here. That is exactly 
 the city I want to see. How long will it take you to get 
 from here to Rio? Oh, about three weeks. As long as that? 3 
 I didn't think that Brazil was so far away. 4 I see that you 
 have forgotten your geography. South America is much 20 
 farther from here than Europe. Wait a moment until I look 
 at the sailing list again. Yes, here it is, nineteen to twenty 
 days. Oh, if we could only go in three days! I do not like 
 to travel on the sea. 5 We are agreed then? 
 
 1 Icudntas veces al mes? 2 asi dice. 3 "So much time?" Omit. 
 5 por mar. 
 
1 8 A TRIP TO SOUTH AMERICA 
 
 LESSON VII 
 
 1. La Ropa 
 
 <iY que hay de la ropa que debemos llevar? 
 
 Ah si, se me habia olvidado por el momento. Puesto 
 que vamos a atravesar el ecuador resulta que las esta- 
 ciones seran exactamente al reves de lo que son aqui. 
 
 5 jEs posible! Pues aunque partamos de aqui en verano 
 llegaremos a la Argentina a mediados de invierno. <iQuien 
 lo hubiera pensado? Yo, no. Conque si partimos a 
 principios de junio, llegaremos a Buenos Aires en Julio, 
 que corresponde a nuestro diciembre. En ese caso ten- 
 10 dremos que llevar ropa de invierno porque hara frio, <mo? 
 
 Si, pero no tanto como aqui. Se dice que raras 
 veces hiela en Buenos Aires. La temperatura de alii 
 corresponde a la de nuestro Charleston, Carolina del Sur. 
 Y sin embargo partiendo en pleno verano y atravesando 
 
 15 el ecuador necesitaremos ropa de verano, porque segun 
 dicen hace un calor tremendo aun en el vapor en las 
 regiones tropicales. 
 
 Espero en Dios que podremos dormir de noche porque 
 no duermo bien cuando hay poco aire en la atmosfera. 
 
 20 No se apure Vd. por eso ahora. En cuanto a sus 
 trajes debiera Vd. llevar un traje duradero y grueso. 
 Ya tengo uno muy util de lana azul. 
 
 Pues necesitara Vd. tambien un traje ligero de verano. 
 
 Llevare un traje de dril que no ocupa mucho espacio 
 25 en el baul. 
 
 Son muy comodos los trajes de dril, pero se ensucian 
 tan pronto. 
 
A TRIP TO SOUTH AMERICA 1 9 
 
 Bueno, llevare dos trajes. Necesitaremos tambien 
 abrigos, <mo? 
 
 Ah si. Uno no muy grueso que nos sirva para el 
 frio y para cuando llueva. 
 
 ^Cuanto equipaje va Vd. a llevar? 5 
 
 No mas que un baul de camarote y una maleta. 
 Tengo una de mimbre. <JY usted? 
 
 La mia es de jjieL 
 
 Le aconsejo que compre una de mimbre. Son muy 
 baratas y puesto que tendremos que llevarla a mano 10 
 mucho tiempo, es mejor que sea lo mas ligera posible. 
 
 <iCuanto le cos to la suya? No me acuerdo exacta- 
 mente, pero me parece que pague unos dos duros. 
 
 Bien, seguire su consejo. La mia esta muy vieja y 
 estaba pensando en comprar una nueva. 15 
 
 2. Verbs : querer, gustar 
 
 I should like 1 you to do this for me. I did it undesignedly. 2 
 I shall do it whether he likes it or not. 3 What did you mean 4 
 by that? You know what I meant. Will you 5 do this for me? 
 I shall never do that again. Give it to me if you please. 6 He 
 would not (was not willing) to come. They said that they 20 
 would not speak. As you will. We all love our country. 
 How do you like 7 that? Do you like sweets? I do not like 
 them, do you? They do not like oranges. We do not like 
 them, either. When I was a boy I did not like books but 
 now I like them. I never did like cold weather. You will 25 
 like it when you get used 8 to it. 
 
 1 quisiera. 2 sin querer. 3 quiera o no quiera. 4 querer decir, 
 * quiere Vd. 6 si quiere Vd, 7 gustar. acostumbrarse. 
 
20 A TRIP TO SOUTH AMERICA 
 
 3. Exercise 
 
 What about the temperature in the tropical regions? Oh, 
 it will be very warm there. Do you like warm 1 weather? 
 I like it better than very cold weather. Have you summer 
 clothing to take with you? Yes, and what about winter cloth- 
 5 ing? Because we shall reach Buenos Aires in the middle of 
 their winter, although it will correspond to our July. Who 
 would have thought so? Yes, we had forgotten about that 
 for the moment. Don't forget that we are to cross the equator 
 and that the seasons down there are the exact opposite to 
 
 10 what they are here in the north. Does it ever freeze in Argen- 
 tina? I don't know for certain, but they say 2 not. In that 
 case we shall not have to take winter clothing. Oh, yes, we 
 shall, because our light summer clothing will not suffice. 3 Well, 
 I have a duck suit for the warm weather. They say that it is 
 
 15 extremely warm crossing the equator. But I shall not worry 
 about that now. One duck suit will not be enough, 3 they soil 
 so quickly. Let us take a couple of suits, then, and a service- 
 able woolen suit. All those things will take up a lot of space 
 in the trunk. By the way, are you going to take any baggage 
 
 20 besides a steamer trunk? Yes, I am going to take a leather 
 suit case. Don't do that, take a wicker one. They are much 
 lighter. If you haven't one, buy one. They are very cheap. 
 Mine didn't cost me more than a couple of dollars. Take my 
 advice and get 4 one. You will have to carry it in your hand 
 
 25 a great deal, and since your leather suit case is so old, it would 
 be better for you to buy a new one. As for an overcoat, take 
 a light one that will serve for both rain and cold. Do you 
 think that we shall be able to sleep at night? Yes, if there 
 is enough air. Don't think about that now. 
 
 i caluroso. z "One says," 3 bastar, 4 comprar. 
 
A TRIP TO SOUTH AMERICA 21 
 
 LESSON VIII 
 1. El Profesor y los Examenes 
 
 jGracias a Dios, ya he acabado con esos malditos 
 examenes! Pense que nunca acabaria. Pero como se 
 dice en espanol, "No hay bien ni mal que cien anos dure." 
 jSi estos estudiantes solamente escribiesen legiblemente 
 y tuviesen compasion de los ojos del pobre profesor! 5 
 jPero no! ;Ahi va! Lo mas ligero posible meten en el 
 papel lo que se les viene a la cabeza. No hay cosa mas 
 estupidaque un montonde examenes escritos por colegiales. 
 Pero ya esta hecho, y no tendre mas por cuatro meses. 
 jCuatro meses de libertad! Vamos a ver ahora si he sido 10 
 demasiado severo. En una clase de treinta estudiantes 
 hay cuatro A A, sobresalientes, cinco BB, notables, quince 
 CC, regulares, y seis DD, 1 pasables. Algunos de esos 
 sujetos que han recibido D se sentiran agraviados y se 
 quejaran. Pero ninguno ha trabajado y no tengo com- 15 
 pasion de ellos. Ademas no he suspendido a ninguno. 
 Al menos no habra nadie que se arranque los cabellos. 
 Algunos minutos mas para poner las notas en la lista y 
 entonces, jcon el baul! El carretero estara aqui dentro de 
 una hora y todavia no esta hecho. jOtra tarea! jDale 20 
 que dale! Asi es la vida, una tarea despues de otra. No 
 bien esta una tarea concluida cuando ya hay otra pen- 
 diente. Eso si no vienen todas juntas. Mas no importa, 
 a trabajar. Esta noche tendre la oportunidad de fumar 
 a mis anchas al sereno. jUf, que calor! Voy a quitarme 25 
 la chaqueta. 
 
 1 Pronounce, aes, bes, ces, des 
 
22 A TRIP TO SOUTH AMERICA 
 
 2. Verbs : venir, decir 
 
 Tell me the truth. I told him to come. Do not tell it to 
 him. I am telling the truth. He says that he will be here. 
 If he said that I should not believe him. We say that be- 
 cause they say it. He used to say so, but he will not say so 
 5 in the future. There is nothing more to be said. 1 I heard 
 it said. He has said so. Let us come to the point. Come what 
 may, 2 I shall stay here. Next week I shall tell him. I shall 
 come to see you soon. Waiter! I'm coming. I came to see 
 you last week. They came to Boston to study. He came 
 10 home with me. Come and see me. 
 
 3. Exercise 
 
 Haven't you finished those confounded examinations yet? 
 No, I don't think I shall ever finish them. Thank Heaven, 
 the expressman will not come until this afternoon! Ugh, 
 how warm it is! Why don't you take off your coat if you 
 
 15 are so warm? Don't complain about the examinations. As 
 the Spaniards say, " Every thing in this world has an end." 
 To-night you will have a chance to smoke at your ease on 
 board the 3 boat. If I were a student I should pity the poor 
 professor. Never mind, after you have finished this pile 
 
 20 of papers you will have no more for ten weeks ten weeks 
 of freedom! How stupid this student is! Biff, bang! He puts 
 down whatever comes into his head. Let us see now what 
 marks you have given them. Did you give any A's? Yes, 
 six. Don't you think that is too many? No, because I gave 
 
 25 only five B's. Yes, but some of those fellows to whom you 
 gave D will be grieved, and will tear their hair because they 
 did not receive C. Let them complain if they want to, I 
 did not "flunk" them. Besides, they did not study at all 
 during the whole year. Oh, I see that you are a very severe 
 
 1 que decir. 2 venga lo que viniere. 3 a bordo del. 
 
A TRIP TO SOUTH AMERICA 23 
 
 professor. Do you think so? Ah, I have forgotten to put 
 the marks down l on my list! Another chore! One after another 
 they come. Yes, life is like that; as soon as we finish one 
 chore another turns up. Sometimes they all come together. 
 At wjiat time did you say that the expressman was coming? 5 
 He said that he would come at two. That means that he 
 will be here within an hour and a half. To work, now! Let 
 me finish these examinations and then I'll begin to 2 work 
 on 3 the trunk. 
 
 LESSON IX 
 
 1. ElBaul 
 
 jDios mio, que confusion! Me parece que no voy a 10 
 tenerlo listo para el carretero. Vamos a hacerlo siste- 
 maticamente, de pies a cabeza como se dice en espanol. 
 Entonces empezare con los pies. Los zapatos los tengo 
 puestos. Aqui va otro par de zapatos de lona y las 
 babuchas. Luego los calce tines, esos buenos calce tines 15 
 garantizados por seis meses que parecen hechos especial- 
 mente para los solteros. El que tuvo esa idea es digno de 
 una medalla por habernos dado una dicha tan grande a 
 nosotros los solteros. Pues piense Vd., al aparecer el 
 mas pequefio agujero, la proxima vez que se va a la ciudad 20 
 se los lleva uno. "Seiior, tengo aqui un calcetin con 
 agujero." "Muy bien," me dice el dependiente, "aqui 
 tiene Vd. otro par," y se acabo la historia. 4 
 
 Ahora empiezo a ver un poquito de progreso. La 
 ropa interior, y estos cordones de zapatos por si acaso 25 
 se rompen los que tengo puestos. jCanario, en cuantas 
 cosas se tiene que pensar! Ahi van las camisas, estas 
 
 i Omit. 2 a. con. 4 "And that's the end of it." 
 
24 A TRIP TO SOUTH AMERICA 
 
 ordinarias para todos los dias y estas de frac para las 
 comidas de ceremonia si tenemos la suerte de ser invita- 
 dos. jValgame Dios! jDonde estaran esas camisas y 
 cuellos que mande al lavado! No estan aqui en la gaveta 
 5 de la comoda ni en el armario tampoco. {Pedro, hola, 
 Pedro! Pues nunca esta cerca ese picaro cuando se le 
 necesita. j Pedro! 
 
 Alia voy, sefior. 
 
 Al fin ya viene. ^No ha venido el hombre del 
 10 lavado? Debe de haber venido anteayer. 
 
 Si, vino, pero no estaba Vd. en su cuarto y lo dejo 
 en el mio. 
 
 Pues corra, hombre, a traermelo. Tengo mucha 
 prisa. 
 
 15 En dos minutos, senor, estare de vuelta. 
 
 2. Verbs : volver, volver a, servir, servirse de 
 
 Come right back. 1 He turned his back on me. I am re- 
 turning home now. I shall return it to you. When did you 
 return? I returned yesterday. Some have not yet returned. 
 Return it to its owner. Do not return it to-day. They began 
 
 20 to talk again. Don't do that again. He did it again. They 
 came to their senses. 2 He is setting me crazy. That is no 
 good 3 for anything! Please 4 sit down. At your service. 5 
 That servant never served me well. I serve myself when I 
 am alone. He is not making use of your book. I made use 
 
 25 of it. Make use of it if you want to. What is this boy good 
 for? He served me as interpreter. 
 
 1 en seguida. * volver en si. * "does not serve." Imperative of 
 servir. 6 Para servir a Vd. 
 
A TRIP TO SOUTH AMERICA 25 
 
 3. Exercise 
 
 It seems to me that you will not have your trunk ready in 
 time for 1 the expressman. It is already half -past one, and 
 just 2 look at the confusion of your clothes. Good Heavens! 
 Don't speak about it. I am going to pack my trunk sys- 
 tematically, from head to foot. I shall begin with my feet and 5 
 not my head, however. Wait, I will help you. Here are your 
 slippers. Are you going to take those shoes you have on now? 
 Yes, and one pair besides. So you too wear those socks which 
 they guarantee for six months. What a boon for us bachelors 
 those socks are! The holes in my socks used to vex me very 10 
 much, but now at the appearance of the smallest hole I take 
 them in town. "What do you want, sir?" asks the clerk. 
 I show my sock with the hole in it. "Very well,' 7 says he, 
 and he gives me a new pair, and that is the end of it. Please 
 pass me that pile of underclothing. I shall put it in this cor- 15 
 ner. Have you an extra 3 pair of shoelaces in case those you 
 have on should break? Yes, I bought them yesterday. How 
 many shirts are you going to put in? Eight everyday shirts, 
 and these two dress shirts for dinners. Do you think that 
 you will be lucky enough to be invited to dinner? Yes, why 20 
 not? But where can those collars be? I can't find them 
 either in the closet or in the drawer of the bureau. Good 
 gracious! Where can I have put them! The laundry-man 
 must have brought them day before yesterday. Peter! 
 Where can that rascal be? Where are my collars and shirts? 25 
 They are in my office. Bring them to me at once, I need them. 
 Run! Are you in a hurry? Yes. Well, then, I'll be back in 
 a minute. My! How many things I have to think of! 
 
 1 a tiempo para. 2 Omit. 3 otro. 
 
26 A TRIP TO SOUTH AMERICA 
 
 LESSON X 
 
 1. ElBaul. (Continuation) 
 
 Aqui tiene Vd. sus camisas. 
 
 - Gracias, Pedro. <iQuiere Vd. hacerme un favor? 
 No puedo salir porque estoy demasiado ocupado. Tenga 
 la bondad de traerme del restaurante en frente un sand- 
 5 wich y un vaso de leche. 
 
 Bien, sefior. 
 
 Que estaba yo haciendo? jAh! los cuellos y los 
 botones de camisa. jCaramba! He olvidado comprar 
 otros en caso de .que se me escapen los que tengo puestos 
 
 10 por debajo de la comoda. Lo apuntare en mi agenda con 
 las otras cosas que tengo que comprar manana en Nueva 
 York. Los trajes y el abrigo estan alii. Luego las 
 corbatas. No pondre muchas, porque quiero comprar 
 algunas en Buenos Aires para darme aire de sudameri- 
 
 15 cano. <iHay algo mas? A pesar de todo mi sistema 
 apuesto que faltara algo. Los articulos de tocador estan 
 todos juntos, la navaja de afeitar, cepillo de dientes, 
 peine, cepillo de cabeza, jabon, etc. Todo esta en su sitio. 
 Los articulos de tocador los pondre en la maleta despues. 
 
 20 Los panuelos van alii. Si necesito mas puedo comprarlos 
 dondequiera. En cuanto a los sombreros necesito uno de 
 paja, pero siempre me he prometido el lujo de uno de 
 jipijapa. Quizas encontrare uno barato. Llevare puesto 
 el de fieltro, y pongo aqui la gorra para el vapor. Ya esta 
 
 25 listo el baiil. Cerremoslo con Have, y afirmemoslo con 
 la correa. 
 
 Aqui estan su sandwich y leche, Seiior Wallace. 
 
A TRIP TO SOUTH AMERICA 27 
 
 Muchas gracias. Espere un momento; ayiideme 
 con esta correa. Tire por ese lado. Eso es. Mariana va 
 Vd. a cerrar esas cajas, ^no? Porque pasado mafiana 
 vendran para llevarlas al almacen. 
 
 2. Verbs : pedir, salir 
 
 He asked me to do it for him. I asked them to come and 5 
 see us. Ask it of 1 him. They did not ask it of me. I am 
 asking this of you. We asked him a favor. Don't ask any 
 favors of him. I shall ask it of them. If I should ask it -of 
 him, he would not do it. It has not turned out well. The 
 boat put out to sea. I am going out. Don't go out now. I 10 
 shall not go out this afternoon He looks like 2 his mother. 
 The sun rose at a quarter-past five this morning. They came 
 out wounded. Let us go out together. Don't lose your tem- 
 per. 3 She has carried her point. 4 Those things come dear. 5 
 
 3. Exercise 
 
 Here is Peter back with your collars. Tell him to do me a 15 
 favor and go to the restaurant opposite and get 6 me a glass 
 of milk and a sandwich. I am very hungry, but I am too busy 
 to go out. Now 7 where was I when I called Peter? Oh, yes, 
 I remember now. ! have forgotten to buy some collar but- 
 tons. If these buttons I have on should get away from me 20 
 under the bureau, I should not have any others. I must put 
 it down in my notebook. There are several things I shall 
 buy in New York to-morrow morning. 8 Here are your suits 
 and your overcoat. Don't put them there, give them to me. 
 As for neckties, I shall not take many. I shall buy some in 25 
 Buenos Aires. Oh, you think that you will look like a South 
 
 American if you dress like one of them. In spite of your 
 
 
 
 1 "To." 2 Ha salido a. 3 salir se de sus casillas. 4 salir con la 
 suya. 5 salir caro. 6 de ir . . . a traerme. 7 pues. 8 manana 
 por la manana. 
 
28 A TRIP TO SOUTH AMERICA 
 
 system I will wager that some things are still lacking. No, I 
 am sure that I have everything here. My razor, comb, hair- 
 brush, toothbrush, soap, all my toilet articles. Yes, but 
 those things will go into your valise, will they not? Yes, and 
 5 I must add 1 some handkerchiefs. And now for 2 hats. Why 
 don't you buy a panama hat? You can get them very cheap 
 in South America, they say. Here a panama is a luxury, but 
 there it will not cost you much more than you would pay for 
 a straw hat. Have you a cap to wear on the boat? Yes, and 
 
 10 I shall take this felt hat too. Don't shut the trunk, in case 
 I should find something else. But here comes the express- 
 man. Very well, shut it and help me secure 3 it with this 
 strap. I'll pull this end, and you pull that end. That's it. 
 Peter, help the expressman carry 4 the trunk downstairs. 
 
 15 Day after to-morrow, I want you to come and take 5 these 
 cases to the storehouse. 
 
 LESSON XI 
 
 1. Un Desayuno 
 
 Henos aqui 6 en la ciudad de los . . . <;c6mo lla- 
 maria Vd.,en espanol esos edificios tan altos? 
 
 Esas barbaridades arquitecturales no las hay 7 
 20 ni en la Espana ni en la America del Sur. 
 
 <iY porque dice Vd. barbaridades? Algunas de esas 
 torres son muy bellas. En la edad media se usaban torres 
 deesa altura para la guerra, y ahora se usan para el 
 
 . comercio. 
 25 De todos modos no me gustan. 
 
 Pues cada .cual tiene su gusto. 
 
 ^*"* ! y ademds tengo que meter. 2 Omit. 3 a afirmar. * a bajar. 
 
 5 a llevar. 6 "Here we are." 7 "do not exist." 
 
A TRIP TO SOUTH AMERICA 2Q 
 
 <jQue vamos a comer esta manana? 
 
 -Yo como muy poco por la manana. Tomare un 
 huevo pasado por agua, pan tostado, y cafe. 
 
 jMozo! traigame a mi lo mismo, pero dos huevos 
 en lugar de uno. 5 
 
 (iQue hay en proyecto para esta manana? 
 
 -Voy a hacer algunas compras y despues visitare el 
 Museo hispanico. 
 
 Y que diantre va Vd. a hacer alii a esta hora, hombre? 
 
 Quiero ver a uno de los bibliotecarios que es muy 10 
 amigo mio. Tiene cargo de los libros sudamericanos, una 
 coleccion muy preciosa. 
 
 Es un museo publico? 
 
 Si, pero pertenece a un millonario, el Senor A. M. 
 ,Huntington, que es un hombre muy aficionado a las 15 
 literaturas y culturas espanolas y latinoamericanas. 
 
 Siempre esta Vd. metido en 1 libros. Es Vd. un 
 bibliomano. No habla mas que de libros y mas libros. 
 
 Pero ahora no se trata de libros, senor comerciante. 
 Mi amigo me ha prometido darnos cartas de presentation 20 
 para unos amigos suyos a quienes conocio 2 durante las 
 largas temporadas que vivio en la Argentina y en Chile. 
 Quiero tambien pedir algunos informes a mi amigo que 
 conoce a fondo los paises sudamericanos. Es un hombre 
 que no dice mucho pero ve todo lo que pasa. 25 
 
 Y Vd., <ique va a hacer? 
 
 Pues yo tengo cosas muy importantes a que atender. 
 Cuatro o cinco casas comer dales me van a entregar varias 
 comisiones. Es probable que me retengan para el al- 
 muerzo. No cuente conmigo hasta que nos embarquemos 30 
 a eso de las dos. 
 
 1 "poring over." 2 "whose acquaintance he made." 
 
30 A TRIP TO SOUTH AMERICA 
 
 No tenga Vd. cuidado. Apuesto ciento por uno que 
 estare en el camarote antes que Vd. 
 
 Convenido. Son ya las nueve y pico. Tengo que 
 darme prisa. Mientras estabamos charlando no me habia 
 
 5 fijado en la hora. 
 
 2. Verbs : dormir, dormirse, morir 
 
 I was sleeping when you came into the room. Sleeping at 
 this time of day! They are taking their afternoon nap. 1 Do 
 all Spaniards take an afternoon nap? Almost all. Let us 
 not sleep in this hotel. I did not sleep well last night. They 
 
 10 did not sleep well either. He did not sleep .at all. He sleeps 
 soundly. 2 I fell asleep. 3 If I should fall asleep please wake 
 me. I never fall asleep during the day. He is dead in love 
 with 4 her. She is dying. 5 I am perishing 6 with cold. Do^n 
 with traitors! 7 He died suddenly last week. Many soldiers 
 
 15 died during the war. If he should die, I should be left 8 alone. 
 I am sorry that he is dying. 5 I am dying 6 of hunger. 
 
 3. Exercise 
 
 Here we are at last! 9 What tall buildings! How would 
 you call them in Spanish? Do you think that such barbari- 
 ties exist in Spain or in South America? They do not. But 
 20 some of those tall buildings are not so bad. In the middle 
 ages those towers would be called beautiful. The only dif- 
 ference is that we use them for commerce and they used them 
 for war. But I see that you do not like them. Everybody 
 . to his taste. Tell the waiter what you want to eat. He is 
 25 waiting for your order. What do you say about boiled eggs, 
 coffee, and toast? That suits me. Ill take the same. What 
 are your plans for this morning? I heard you say that you 
 had some shopping to do. Yes, and I want to go to the His- 
 1 dormir la siesta. 2 a pierna suelta. 3 dormirse. 4 morir por. 
 5 morir se. 6 estoy with present participle. 7 "Let die the traitors" 
 (omit que) . 8 me quedaria. 9 al fin. 
 
A TRIP TO SOUTH AMERICA 31 
 
 panic Museum too. Man alive, what the dickens do you want 
 to go there for? One of the librarians there is a good friend 
 of mine. Oh, and so there is a library there, is there? Yes; 
 Mr. Huntington, a man very fond of Spanish and South 
 American literature and culture, built it. There is a very 5 
 valuable collection of books there. You seem to be talking 
 all the time about books, books, and books. 1 You are always 
 poring over books. You are a bookworm. Yes, I am very 
 fond of 2 books, but who told you that it was a question now 
 of books? You would not give me a chance to tell you that 10 
 my friend who has made long sojourns in Argentina and Chile 
 has promised to give me some letters of introduction. While 
 you are talking with him, get all the information you can 
 about South America from 3 him. Have no fears. He is 
 a man who does not talk much, but he knows thoroughly 15 
 the South American countries. Well, I've got more impor- 
 tant things to do. Commissions from business houses, I sup- 
 pose. It's probable that they will keep you to lunch, and so 
 I won't count on you until we get on the boat. 4 Great Scott, 5 
 it's after ten! I didn't notice the time. I've got to hurry. 20 
 I'll bet that you will begin to browse among those tomes 6 
 at the library and forget that our boat sails at half -past two. 
 Don't worry. I'll be in the cabin before you. 
 
 LESSON XII 
 
 1. Rio de Janeiro 
 
 ^Como vamos a describir a Rio? Yo habia leido una 
 veintena de descripciones, mas ninguna me habia pre- 25 
 parado para la verdad de lo que Rio es. <:C6mo podria 
 tener mas exito una nueva descripcion? Su bahia ha 
 
 1 "books and more books." 2 Use guslar. 3 "get from" = "ask to." 
 4 embarcarse. *> iCaramba! 6 librotes. 
 
32 A TRIP TO SOUTH AMERICA 
 
 sido comparada a la de Napoles, Palermo, Sidney, San 
 Francisco, Honkong y Bombay, asi como el Bosforo. 
 No se parece en nada a ninguna, excepto en ser bella, ni 
 me figuro que se parezca a ninguna en el mundo. Ima- 
 5 ginese uno el fondo del valle Yosemita, o el del valle de 
 Auronzo en los Alpes venecianos, lleno de agua, y el 
 efecto seria algo semejante al de la bahia de Rio. Sin 
 embargo faltaria la lozana vegetation y el panorama de 
 las lejanas mon tafias y la realization de la presencia del 
 
 10 oceano azul fuera de los cabos que guardan la en trad a. 
 
 El nombre (Rio de Enero) sugiere un rio, pero esto fue 
 un error de los descubridores Portugueses, pues son 
 solo corrientes insignificantes las que desembocan en esta 
 gran ensenada. Es un golfo cercado de tierra, de veinte 
 
 15 millas de largo y de cinco a diez de ancho, al que se llega 
 desde el oceano por un estrecho de menos de una milla 
 de ancho entre promontories penascosos en los cuales 
 se han erigido f uertes. Al lado del norte y dentro de la 
 entrada esta la villa de Nictheroy cuyo nombre conme- 
 
 20 mora una tribu de indios extinta desde hace muchisimo 
 tiempo. En frente de ella hay penascos escarpados y 
 detras se levantan altos montes. (From G. Rivera's 
 translation of Bryce's South America.) 
 
 2. Verbs : traer, distraer, valer, valerse de 
 
 Bring it to me at once. He brought it to them. They 
 25 brought it with them. He is bringing it now. Don't bring 
 it with you. I am bringing them. We brought them to you. 
 If you had not brought them, we should not have paid you. 
 Let us not distract him. They distracted him very much. 
 Don't distract him. Gracious me! 1 Better 2 late than never. 
 
 1 / Vdlgame Dios! 2 mas vale. 
 
A TRIP TO SOUTH AMERICA 33 
 
 How much is that worth? It is not worth much to-day, but 
 it will be worth more to-morrow. They will never be worth 
 anything. It would be worth more if he had not broken it. 
 It is not worth while 1 to do it. I am sorry that it is not 
 worth more. He did not avail himself of his strength. Avail 5 
 yourself of every opportunity. 
 
 3. Exercise 
 
 How well 2 you describe Rio! Did you ever read any de- 
 scriptions of that beautiful bay and city? Yes, about twenty 
 or so, but none of them describes Rio as it really is. How 
 can one be successful in describing the most beautiful spot 3 10 
 in 4 the world? None of those descriptions which I have read 
 have prepared me for the truth. Have you ever seen the bays 
 of Palermo or Naples? Do you think that either of them 
 looks like Rio, except that they too are beautiful? If you 
 could imagine yourself in a valley that was full of water, 15 
 the effect would be something like that of the bay of Rio. 
 Nevertheless the blue ocean and the mountains in the dis- 
 tance would be lacking. But here we are now. We can de- 
 scribe it ourselves. Those two capes over there seem to 
 guard the entrance to the bay. Yes, they are called The Hump- 20 
 back 5 and the Sugarloaf. 6 This strait between the two capes 
 does not seem to be more than a mile wide. By the way, why 
 was this bay called a river? Oh, that was a mistake of the 
 Portuguese explorers. The two rivers that empty into the 
 bay are insignificant streams. How large should you say 25 
 that"* this gulf is? About twenty miles long and from five to 
 ten miles wide. Those must be forts over there on those 
 promontories. Do you see that town over there to the north? 
 That is called Nictheroy. What a peculiar name! It surely 
 is not Portuguese, is it? 8 No, it is an Indian name and com- 30 
 
 1 valer la pena. 2 que, bien. 3 lugar. 4 de. 5 El Corcovado. 
 
 El Pan de Azucar. 7 que extension tendrd. 8 jverdad? 
 
34 A TRIP TO SOUTH AMERICA 
 
 memorates an Indian tribe that used to live there a long 
 time ago. Just look at those high hills rising behind the 
 houses, the luxuriant vegetation everywhere, and the beauti- 
 ful city of Rio nestling around the curve l of the bay with 
 ; the blue water in front. Now, do you think that any other 
 city of the world can be compared with Rio? 
 
 LESSON XIII 
 1. De Montevideo a Buenos Aires 
 
 jQue mar tan borrascosa! Se diria que estamos en 
 pleno mar o en el Canal de la Mancha o tal vez en el 
 Estrecho de Gibraltar. Y esta ensenada no es nada mas 
 
 10 que un estuario. Aunque lo llaman el Rio de la Plata es 
 hasta cierto punto un lago donde desembocan los grandes 
 rios el Uruguay y el Parana y otros mas chicos. 
 
 <iCuanto hay de Montevideo a Buenos Aires? 
 
 Doscientos kilometres mas o menos. 
 
 15 Con doscientos kilometres no me dice Vd. nada a mi. 
 
 Pues tendra Vd. que acostumbrarse al sistema 
 metrico, es muy simple. 
 
 jDios mio! jCuantas cosas tengo que llevar en la 
 memoria! No solamente las palabras con los verbos y 
 
 20 las reglas, pero tambien las diferencias de dinero, de 
 distancia, de peso, y que se yo que mas. 2 
 
 Pues le explicare algunas medidas de distancia. El 
 metro corresponde a nuestra vara, pero tiene tres pulga- 
 das mas. El kilometro consiste de mil metros. Es la me- 
 
 25 dida de distancia en toda la America del Sur y en Espana. 
 El kilometro es casi igual a cinco octavos de una milla 
 
 1 reposada en la concha. 2 "a thousand and one other things." 
 
A TRIP TO SOUTH AMERICA 35 
 
 inglesa. Resulta pues que doscientos kilometres son 
 iguales a ciento veinticinco millas poco mas o menos. 
 
 jBasta de aritmetica! For alii veo una gran ciudad. 
 Debe de ser Buenos Aires. Pero jque fea parece desde 
 aqui! El terreno es tan llano, y el agua tan sucia. 5 
 
 No es sucia, es su color original, un moreno rojizo. 
 Eso viene de que siempre tienen que dragar la entrada 
 del puerto a causa de los depositos de barro que vienen de 
 los rios. 
 
 Pues no me gusta mi primera impresion de Buenos 10 
 Aires. jQue chasco me he llevado! jQue feos son esos 
 muelles que se ven hasta donde alcanza la vista! 1 jY 
 cuantas maquinas y elevadores! 
 
 jPero hombre! Buenos Aires no es una ciudad de 
 los tiempos pasados, es un producto del siglo veinte. Su 15 
 aspecto exterior visto del mar no es bonito, lo confieso, 
 pero reservemos nuestra opinion hasta que hayamos visto 
 
 el interior de la ciudad. 
 
 2. Verbs : conocer, parecer, lucir 
 
 I know you, but you do not recognize me. I made his ac- 
 quaintance 2 last year. I am sorry that you are not acquainted 20 
 with him. If I knew him, I should invite him. Do you know 
 Mr. Tellez? No, but I wish that I knew him. It is too bad 
 that they do not know each other. I know him by sight. 3 
 It doesn't seem possible! 4 Do you think that he looks like 5 
 his father? It seems to me he is right. He appeared only 25 
 once. She is showing off her fine clothes. 6 I don't want you 
 to show off your talents. Don't show off your ignorance. 
 
 1 "as far as the eye can reach." 2 conocer. 3 de -vista. 
 
 4 JParece mentiral 6 reflexive. 6 gala. 
 
36 A TRIP TO SOUTH AMERICA 
 
 3. Exercise 
 
 Why, this estuary is just as rough as though we were in the 
 English Channel. Like the harbor of Rio, the Rio de la Plata 
 is really not a river, although two large rivers, the Parana and 
 the Uruguay, empty their waters into it. It seems just like 
 5 the open sea. How far did you say it was from Montevideo 
 to Buenos Aires? Now don't tell me in kilometers, because 
 they mean nothing to me. I have not got used to the metric 
 system yet. Well, you will have to learn it at once then. It 
 is very simple. Yes, I know, but there are so many things 
 
 10 one must keep in mind in a foreign country. In the first 
 place there are the Spanish words, then the forms of the 
 verbs, and besides that the differences in money and in dis- 
 tances and a thousand and one other things. Now listen 
 to me and don't be impatient. Let me explain to you the 
 
 15 metric system. Oh, I know that a meter corresponds roughly 1 
 to a yard. Yes, but it is three inches longer than our yard. 
 A kilometer means a thousand meters and equals a little more 
 than half a mile, 2 or to be more exact, 3 is equivalent to about 
 five-eighths of a mile. How many miles would there be in two 
 
 20 hundred kilometers? Oh, that is very easy, one hundred and 
 twenty-five. But let us cease talking about meters and kilo- 
 meters. They bore 4 me. That city over there must be 
 Buenos Aires. It is not so beautiful as Rio. Far from it, 5 
 one might say that its harbor is ugly. How disappointed I 
 
 25 am! I was told that it was one of the most beautiful cities 
 in South America. What dirty water! It is a reddish brown 
 color which comes from the clay deposits from the rivers. 
 They are constantly dredging the entrance to the harbor so 
 that the big steamers can come up 6 to the wharves. Those 
 
 30 machines and elevators over there show that Buenos Aires 
 is indeed 7 a product of the twentieth century. Man alive! 
 
 1 poco mas o menos. 2 poco mds de media milla. * para ser mas exacto. 
 4 aburrir. 5 ni mucho menos. 6 llegar. 7 verdaderamente. 
 
A TRIP TO SOUTH AMERICA 37 
 
 Did you expect to see here ruins of ancient times? Buenos 
 Aires is a very young city. I admit that its exterior aspect 
 is not pretty, but reserve your final judgment 1 until you 
 see the interior. 
 
 LESSON XIV 
 
 1. Buenos Aires 
 
 Conque esto es Buenos Aires, la ciudad mas grande 5 
 de la America del Sur, y despues de Paris, la segunda 
 ciudad latina del mundo. 
 
 Tiene Vd. razon, no me habia fijado en eso antes, 
 ni Roma ni Madrid son tan grandes como esta capital de 
 
 la Republica de Argentina. jQue gentio, y que tipos mas 10 
 variados! Es una ciudad tan cosmopolita como Nueva 
 York. 
 
 Si, pero se parece mas a Paris en cuanto a la arqui- 
 tectura, y ademas la atmosfera es latina. Se ve que 
 aunque hay bastante ingleses y alemanes, la mayor parte 15 
 de la poblacion es latina con sus espanoles, italianos, y 
 franceses que han venido a este nuevo pais para buscar 
 su fortuna. Se dice que la mayor parte de los emigrados 
 de Espana son gallegos y por eso a todos los espanoles 
 recien venidos los llaman "gallegos." La Espana tiene 20 
 hoy un problema muy grande a causa de la emigracion 
 de sus habitantes. Yo he visto con mis propios ojos 
 lugares en las provincias de Espana en que no ha quedado 
 
 ni el cura. Todos sus habitantes habian emigrado a esta 
 tierra donde se habla el mismo idioma que en su pais 25 
 natal. Le es facil a un espanol volverse argentine aun 
 
 1 opinion decisiva. 
 
38 A TRIP TO SOUTH AMERICA 
 
 T 
 
 cuando hable un dialecto espanol y no el castellano. Y 
 no le es dificil a un italiano tampoco, porque no hay 
 mucha diferencia entre los dos idiomas. Si los padres no 
 son argentinos de corazon, los hijos lo son. Se dice que 
 5 no hay argentinos mas patrioticos que los hijos de padres 
 espanoles o italianos nacidos en Argentina. Del otro 
 elemento latino, los franceses, muy pocos cambian su 
 nacionalidad, pero sin embargo la influencia francesa es 
 muy grande, especialmente en la literatura y en la cultura. 
 10 Para el argentine el frances representa las ideas republi- 
 canas de libertad intelectual y politica. Hay muchos 
 autores de la Argentina y tambien de los demas paises 
 sudamericanos que viven en Paris. Ademas, se publican 
 en Paris muchas revistas y libros argentinos. 
 
 2. Verb: hacer 
 
 15 Did you do that? No, I did not do it. I shall never do that. 
 I am doing it now. I do what I can. Do it at once. He does 
 it better than he used to do it. Let us do it. If I should do 
 that, you would not like k. It is cold to-day, but it was warm 
 yesterday. Don't pay any attention 1 to him. I saw him 
 
 20 a week ago. 2 I need 3 a new suit. He tore it to pieces. 4 
 We are having a house built. 5 He played his part well. 6 I 
 have sent for 7 the doctor. Did he hurt you? 8 I shall do my 
 best. 9 , 
 
 3. Exercise 
 
 Here we are at last in Buenos Aires, the largest city in 
 
 25 South America. Did you know that it is also the second 
 
 Latin city in the world after Paris? Do you mean to say that 
 
 it is larger than either Rome or Madrid? Yes, hadn't you ever 
 
 1 hacer caso a. 2 hace una semana. 3 hacer falta a. 4 hacer pedazos. 
 6 hacer construir. 6 hacer su papel. 7 hacer venir. 8 hacer dano. 9 hacer 
 lo posible. 
 
A TRIP TO SOUTH AMERICA 39 
 
 remarked that? What a cosmopolitan city it is! I have al- 
 ready heard spoken about me French, Italian, English, and 
 German, besides Spanish. Notice the varied types in the 
 crowd. They are as varied as in New York, but the aspect 
 of the city is more like that of Paris than New York. Look at 5 
 all those foreigners who have come here! And most of them 
 have not come to visit the country. They are all engaged 1 
 in some business and are seeking their fortune here. The 
 Spaniards are for the most part Gallicians, and so the Argen- 
 tines call all the newcomers from Spain Gallegos. A friend 10 
 of mine 2 told me some time ago that Spain was struggling 
 with the great problem of emigration. He said that in several 
 villages in Spain even the priest has left his native land in 
 order to accompany his flock. Many Spaniards prefer to come 
 to Argentina, where their own language is spoken, than to 15 
 emigrate to the United States as do so many Italians. That is 
 so, 3 but the Italians also emigrate to Argentina. Yes, and it 
 is very easy for a Spaniard who has spoken a dialect all his 
 life or an Italian to become an Argentine. The children of 
 Spanish or Italian parents born here are very patriotic 20 
 Argentines. In spite of the fact that 4 the French are few in 5 
 number, 5 and as a rule do not change their nationality, their 
 influence is very great. I mean of course in literature and cul- 
 ture rather than 6 in business. The Argentine gets 7 from 
 France his intellectual and political ideas. Almost all edu- 25 
 cated Argentines read and speak French. Several of their 
 most important authors live in Paris and even publish their 
 books there. 
 
 1 ocupados. * un amigo mio. 3 Eso es verdad. 4 a pesar de que. 
 6 Omit. 6 mds bien que. T recibe. 
 
40 A TRIP TO SOUTH AMERICA 
 
 LESSON XV 
 
 1. Buenos Aires. (Continuation) 
 
 <;Y Espafia? 
 
 Pues Espafia les parece a los argentinos muy atra- 
 sada. Ademas miran todavia a Espaiia como la madre 
 tirana que los trato tan mal. 
 
 5 Pero ya hace mucho tiempo que la Argentina es una 
 republica, <mo? 
 
 Si, mas de cien anos. La Argentina declare su inde- 
 pendencia en 1810. 
 
 <iY que hacen aqui los alemanes y los ingleses? 
 
 10 Pues los ingleses son los banqueros de la Argentina 
 desde hace muchos anos. Poseen la mayor parte de los 
 ferrocarriles argentinos y ban invertido millones de duros 
 en este pais. Pero por lo general aunque viven aqui 
 toda su vida siempre se quedan ingleses y aun mandan 
 
 15 a sus hijos a Inglaterra para que vayan a las escuelas 
 inglesas. Los argentinos los respetan aun asi y todo, y 
 la expresion "la fe del ingles" es muy comun. Hoy dia 
 los alemanes no les van mucho en zaga, y con su sistema 
 maravilloso ban conseguido alcanzar el segundo puesto 
 
 20 en el comercio extranjero. Aprenden el idioma y estudian 
 minuciosamente las condiciones economicas y los arti- 
 culos que ellos pueden manufacturar en Alemania para 
 exportar. Porque la Argentina manufactura muy poco. 
 Exporta su carne y su trigo e importa los articulos manu- 
 
 25 facturados. 
 
 <JY nosotros los americanos del norte? 
 
 Hay muy pocas relaciones entre nosotros y la Argen- 
 
A TRIP TO SOUTH AMERICA 41 
 
 tina. A pesar de que somos tambien una republica de 
 America, les gusta mas hacer negocios con la Europa que 
 con nosotros. 
 
 Pero ha olvidado Vd. el elemento indio. 
 
 Si, pero no es de mayor importancia. Como en 5 
 nuestro pais, hay muy pocos indios bravos, apenas 50,000 
 en todo el pais. 
 
 1. Verbs : ser and estar 
 
 He is here, but he is ill. Are you a student? No, I am a 
 teacher. They are Americans. We are now in the school- 
 room. I shall be a doctor. If I were you, I should be a law- 10 
 yer. Is he at home? Yes, but he is about to go out. 1 I was 
 out 2 when he came. Is he in the dining room? No, he is 
 still in bed. He must be 3 crazy. I am a native of 4 Boston. 
 Be that as it may. 5 How clever he is! 6 Are you ready? 7 
 This coffee is good, but it is cold. I shall be back 8 soon. Who 15 
 is it? It is I. This coat is my brother's. This is for you. I 
 am tired. 9 He is tiresome. 10 It is late. It is well. Boston 
 is the largest city in Massachusetts. Boston is in the state 
 of Massachusetts. 
 
 3. Exercise 
 
 The Argentines think that Spain is backward. Did it seem 20 
 so u to you when you visited it? Yes, but Argentina is still a 
 very young republic. It is not more than a hundred years 
 old. When did she declare her independence? In 1810. The 
 Argentines do not like Spain because that country still repre- 
 sents to them the tyrannical mother. As for the English, 25 
 they have invested and are still investing a great deal of 
 money in Argentine railroads and banks. One might 12 call 
 
 1 estd para salir. 2 No eslaba en casa. 3 debe de. 4 soy de. 5 Sea 
 lo que fuere. 6 ser Us to. 7 estar Us to. 8 estar de vuelta. estar can- 
 sado. 10 ser cansado. u asi. u se podria. 
 
42 A TRIP TO SOUTH AMERICA 
 
 them the bankers of Argentina. Do they ever become Argen- 
 tines? No, they remain English and do not send their chil- 
 dren to Argentine schools, but prefer to send them to Eng- 
 land, so that they will become 1 Englishmen. But even so 
 5 the Argentines recognize that the Englishman is their friend. 
 They respect 'them so highly 2 that they have a phrase "the 
 faith of an Englishman." Oh, yes, I have heard that expres- 
 sion; it is very common. Are the Germans very far behind 
 the English? No, with that marvelous system of theirs, 3 they 
 
 10 have learned to speak Spanish. They have now reached second 
 place in the foreign commerce of Argentina. Since 4 Argen- 
 tina manufactures very little, the Germans who have studied 
 the economic conditions here, export to them a great many 
 articles which they need. What should you say were the 
 
 15 most important exports 5 of Argentina? Wheat and meat, 
 no doubt. Doesn't Argentina import anything from the 
 United States? At present very little. We North Americans 
 do very little business with Argentina. In spite of our at- 
 tempts to trade 6 with them, they prefer to do business with 
 
 20 England, Germany, and France. But don't forget the Indians. 
 They are not important because there are so few of them. 
 They say that there are only about 50,000 in the whole 
 country. 
 
 LESSON XVI 
 
 1. En el Hotel 
 
 Aqui tenemos un coche subamos para ir al hotel. 
 25 Cochero, llevenos al Hotel de Paris. 
 
 Espero que el hotel no este lejos de aqui porque 
 no puedo mas. Cochero, ^cuanto hay de aqui al hotel? 
 
 1 para que scan. 2 tanto. 3 suyo. 4 puesto que. 5 articulos de 
 exportation. tentativas de hacer negocios. 
 
A TRIP TO SOUTH AMERICA 43 
 
 Dos kilometres poco mas o menos. Estaremos alii 
 dentro de diez minutos. 
 
 Espero que haya cuartos en el hotel adonde vamos. 
 Esta muy cerca de los teatros y tranvias. 
 
 Caballeros, este es el hotel. 5 
 
 Saiga Vd. primero. Aqui viene un mozo para las 
 maletas. Deselas. 
 
 <jD6nde esta la oficina? 
 
 Por alii a la derecha. 
 
 Senor, quisieramos dos cuartos que den a la calle. 10 
 
 Precisamente, tenemos lo que desea Vd. dos 
 cuartos contiguos en el segundo piso. 
 
 ^Cuanto es? 
 
 Diez pesos diarios cada uno. 
 
 <iNo tiene Vd. cuartos mas baratos? 15 
 
 Si, por supuesto, pero como dijo Vd. que deseaba 
 dos cuartos que diesen a la calle. . . . ^porque no toman 
 Vds. un cuarto grande con dos camas en el cuarto piso? 
 
 Y ese, <icuanto es? Diez pesos por dia, es decir, 
 cinco pesos por persona. 20 
 
 Bien, lo tomaremos para esta noche, y si nos con- 
 viene, nos quedaremos. 
 
 Hagan Vds. el favor de firmar aqui. Mozo, acorn- 
 pane a estos caballeros al cuarto numero 435. <iEs este 
 todo el equipaje que tienen Vds.? 25 
 
 Si, estas cuatro maletas, nada mas. 
 
 Pues pasen Vds. por aqui al ascensor. Aqui tienen 
 Vds. todo lo necesario para lavarse, agua caliente, toallas, 
 jabon. Si les hace falta algo toquen la campanilla. Dejo 
 
 la Have en la puerta por dentro. 30 
 
 jCaspita! IQue caros son los precios en este hotel! 
 Y el cuarto no es nada lujoso. 
 
44 A TRIP TO SOUTH AMERICA 
 
 No, pero es comodo. Mi amigo que me lo reco- 
 
 mendo me habia prevenido que el vivir era muy caro en 
 
 Buenos Aires, pero en comparacion con los otros este era 
 
 muy barato, tomando en cuenta el servicio que se en- 
 
 5 cuentra aqui. 
 
 Verbs : leer, creer 
 
 I read it, and then asked him to read it. He read it to 
 himself. 1 Read it yourself. Reading, always reading! I 
 want you to read it. They read their letters. I don't believe 
 you. Believe me or don't believe me, as you will. I am sorry 
 10 that you don't believe me. I was afraid that he would not 
 believe you. He believes it firmly. 2 Of course! 3 He did 
 not want me to believe it. If he believed it, he did not say so. 
 
 3. Exercise 
 
 What hotel had we better 4 go to? Well, the Hotel de Paris 
 has elevators and is very up-to-date. 5 All right, let's go there. 
 
 15 Is this the Hotel de Paris? Have you two rooms for my friend 
 and myself? Yes. How much are they? Five pesos a day. 
 Have you any others that are cheaper? Yes, but they look 
 out on to the court. We do not want rooms that look out 
 on to the court. Can you give us one large front 6 room? 
 
 20 Yes, I have just what you want, a large room with two beds. 
 Please sign your names here. Boy, take these gentlemen to 
 room 462. Follow me, gentlemen. Here is the elevator. I 
 hope it is not too small. On what floor is the room? On the 
 fourth floor. I will show you up immediately. Have you any 
 
 25 other baggage besides 7 these valises? No, that is all we have. 
 Here is your room. Do you like it? Oh, it suits me very well. 
 If it does not suit us, we will not stay. Over there is the bell 
 if you should need anything. Let me see. There are soap 
 
 1 para si. * a puno cerrado. 3 / Ya lo creo! 4 Cree Vd. que 
 
 debieramos. 6 moderno. 6 que de a la calk. 7 ademds de. 
 
A TRIP TO SOUTH AMERICA 45 
 
 and towels. Is there hot water? Yes, you will find some 
 there. Do you want anything else? No, not for the moment. 
 I shall leave you then. Please leave the key in the door on the 
 inside. The prices are higher at this hotel than I thought. I 
 knew that living was expensive here. Several friends have 5 
 warned me about it. Although the room is not at all luxurious, 
 it is comfortable. This hotel was recommended by a friend 
 of mine who always stops here when he comes to Buenos 
 Aires. He thinks that in comparison with the other hotels of 
 the city this one is not expensive. Yes, I suppose that if you 10 
 take into account the excellent service that one finds here, 
 the price of the rooms is cheap. 
 
 LESSON XVII 
 
 1. Dos Trozos de Stella 
 
 "Hasta hace algiin tiempo la parte norte de Buenos 
 Aires concluia en la Plaza San Martin. De alii a Palermo 
 el Bois un largo intervalo despoblado, donde hoy 15 
 se levanta la ciudad nueva, linda, alegre, suntuosa. 
 
 Una doble cadena de construcciones, hermosas sin 
 caracter, extendiendose a un lado y a otro, entra al gran 
 paseo, el cual, abrochandose a ella como un inmenso es- 
 labon, la deja prolongarse hasta Belgrano. 20 
 
 El nombre que lleva la plaza-jardin que separa la 
 mas aristocratica de las Avenidas, de la Recoleta, 
 nuestra Necropolis, dice bien alto de quien es obra 
 todo este u til, benefico embellecimiento. " Don Torcuato " 
 no necesitaba ser recordado asi a los ciudadanos de su 25 
 metropoli, pero los extranjeros y las generaciones veni- 
 deras debian saber que Torcuato de Alvear no fue en su 
 pais tan solo un hombre de empuje y de gusto, sino, que 
 
46 A TRIP TO SOUTH AMERICA 
 
 quien derribo vie j as arquerias, ensancho calles, abrio 
 avenidas, fundo hospitales, multiplico las plazas, esti- 
 mulo la edification, saneo, cambio, rehizo la ciudad, era 
 tambien un reformador." 
 
 5 "El publico era el eterno publico, separado por tres 
 barreras invisibles, pero inconmovibles: el reducido 
 mundo de nuestra aristocracia de lujo y de dinero, que 
 estirado y compuesto ocupa en todas partes, por derecho 
 divino, el sitio privilegiado; f rente a f rente el mas numeroso 
 
 10 y casi elegante "termino medio" que se divierte y sabe 
 divertirse; abajo, la multitud anonima, dividida a su vez: 
 entre los que encuentran su diversion en mirar, con la 
 boca abierta, divertirse al rico, y el que existe para 
 envidiarlo. 
 
 15 El palco del Jocky Club, parece un gran balcon florido, 
 se llenaba de lujosas sefioras y lindas muchachas." 
 (From Cesar Duayen's Stella.) 
 
 2. Verbs : refr, sonreir, oir 
 
 Don't laugh at him. She laughed loudly. 1 Laughing, 
 laughing, always laughing. He laughed when he heard it. 
 
 20 I laugh at you. We smile at those things. If I should smile, 
 you would laugh. They laughed at what I said. He laughs 
 all the time. He never used to smile. Now he always smiles 
 at me. Hear him. I do hear him. He does not hear me. 
 We heard them talk. Did you hear what he said? I heard 
 
 25 him speak to you. It is too bad 2 that you did not hear him. 
 If you had heard him you would not have said that. Let 
 us hear what she says. I hear what you say. 
 
 i a carcajadas. 2 es Idstima. 
 
A TRIP TO SOUTH AMERICA 47 
 
 3. Exercise 
 
 I have just been reading Stella, a novel by a lady of Buenos 
 Aires who calls herself Cesar Duayen. This novel was at one 
 time very popular in Buenos Aires, on account of its descrip- 
 tions of the aristocratic life of that city. Until a short time 
 ago Buenos Aires was a small city. It is now a handsome 5 
 gay metropolis. Saint Martin Square is a sumptuous garden. 
 It is too bad, however, that the beautiful buildings have no 
 character. Long lines of buildings extend along the boulevard 
 as far as Palermo. Do you know whose work this is? I know 
 that it bears the name of Don Torcuato. If you were a citizen 10 
 of Buenos Aires I should not have to tell you who he was, but 
 since you are a stranger I will tell you. Coming generations 
 will know that this Don Torcuato was a man of taste. He 
 was a man of great energy too. He was the man who tore 
 down old houses and widened the streets, was he not? Yes, 15 
 he practically rebuilt 1 Buenos Aires by stimulating build- 
 ing and making the city healthy. Was not Buenos Aires 
 always a healthy city? No, and Don Torcuato was a re- 
 former; he changed the city completely. 
 
 The Jocky Club of Buenos Aires is one of the most luxuri- 20 
 ous clubs in the world. The public that comes to the races 
 which are held 2 on its grounds is always the same eternal 
 public separated by three invisible barriers. In the first 
 place 3 there is the aristocracy, and like the aristocracies of 
 all republics it is one of money. They think that they should 25 
 occupy the privileged places by divine right. The more 
 numerous middle class always knows where to find amuse- 
 ment. Then there is the nameless crowd. Some, open- 
 mouthed, watch the rich amuse themselves, others envy the 
 elegantly dressed rich. We could see many pretty girls 30 
 among all three classes, but some were more elegantly 4 dressed 
 than others. 
 
 1 casi reedifico. 2 se celebran. 3 en primer lugar. * lujosamente. 
 
48 A TRIP TO SOUTH AMERICA 
 
 LESSON XVIII 
 1. El Gaucho 
 
 Vd. habra oido hablar del gaucho, <mo? 
 
 Oh si, por supuesto, varias veces, aqui y en nuestro 
 pais. <iLos hay todavia en Argentina? 
 
 - Del tipo puro quedan muy pocos. Han desaparecido 
 5 casi completamente como el " cowboy.' 7 Siempre pasa 
 que a medida que progresa la civilization, trayendo con- 
 sigo las ciudades y los ferrocarriles, desaparece lo que 
 vive al raso. Lo reemplaza o bien el labrador que cultiva 
 la tierra o el ciudadano con su industria y comercio. 
 10 <:De donde viene la palabra "gaucho'? <;Es cas- 
 tellana? 
 
 No, no existe la palabra en Espafia. Se dice que 
 viene de un dialecto indio y que significaba en su idioma, 
 "extranjero." El gaucho vivia siempre en los campos 
 
 15 y nunca venia a las ciudades. Para el valor y la fatiga no 
 habia como el. 1 Se le celebra mucho en los cuentos y 
 poemas argentinos, siempre montado en su fiel caballo 
 que era su mejor amigo. Hasta se dice que comia y 
 dormia sobre su caballo. jQue lastima para los poetas 
 
 20 que el gaucho pintoresco de ayer sea el peon prosaico de 
 hoy! 
 
 Sin embargo el peon que trabaja hoy en las estancias 
 tiene mucho 2 del gaucho antiguo <mo? 
 
 Si, pero solamente en lo que toca a lo exterior, y 
 25 eso en las regiones lejos de las ciudades. Antes, el mismo 
 
 era su propio duefio y era libre para galopar por las pam- 
 
 i "he was unsurpassed." 2 "resembles closely." 
 
A TRIP TO SOUTH AMERICA 49 
 
 pas. Ahora no es sino un empleado que atiende al ganado 
 de su amo. Uno de estos dias vaya Vd. a uno de nues- 
 tros teatros, no de esos cosmopolitas, sino a uno de los 
 teatros nacionales, y alii vera Vd. el tipo puro vestido 
 de poncho, y con el lazo o las boletas en la mano. 5 
 
 El poncho ya se lo que es. Es una manta con 
 agujero para la cabeza. Pero las boletas, <jque son? 
 
 Son unas bolas de metal pegadas a una correa. Con 
 estas los indios solian pelear con los espafioles, pero 
 despues los gauchos las empleaban como lazo. 10 
 
 2. Verbs : andar, caer 
 
 My watch is not going well. It was going all right yester- 
 day. Get out! 1 How time flies! 2 Let us walk as far as 3 
 the corner. They walked ten miles yesterday. This machine 
 does not work 2 well. They rode in a carriage. At last he 
 sees the point. 4 How well that dress becomes 5 her. He took 15 
 sick 6 yesterday. Don't fall. I did not fall. Now I under- 
 stand. 7 I feel very sleepy. 8 He dropped 9 his pen. The child 
 fell out of the window. 
 
 3. Exercise 
 
 I have heard the word "gaucho" several times. I do not 
 know what it means. Please explain it to me. Why, the 20 
 gaucho corresponds to our cowboy. Are there still any in 
 Argentina to-day? Very few. I suppose that the cities and 
 railroads have made them disappear just as is the case with 
 the cowboy of our West. Yes, in proportion as civilization 
 progresses the picturesque types disappear. The farmers and 25 
 townsmen replace those who used to live in the open. But 
 the word " gaucho" is not Castilian, is it? Oh no, I have been 
 
 1 Ande a pasear. 2 andar. 3 hasta. 4 caer en la cuenta. 6 caer. 
 6 caer enfermo. 7 caer en ello. 8 caerse de sueno, 9 dejar caer. 
 
SO A TRIP TO SOUTH AMERICA 
 
 told that the word comes from an Indian dialect. The wild 
 Indians used to call all strangers gauchos. One meets the 
 gaucho very frequently in Argentine literature in poems 
 and stories. He never liked the cities and never would x live 
 5 in them. He always lived in the open on the plains. His 
 best friend was his horse, and in pictures 2 he is usually seen 
 mounted. He practically lived on his horse. He even ate 
 and slept on him. If I were an Argentine poet I should be 
 sorry that this picturesque figure 3 of yesterday has disap- 
 
 10 peared. Certainly the peon of to-day is not so interesting. 
 Still 4 the peons of the remote parts of Argentina live some- 
 what like the old gaucho used to live. But what a difference 
 there is between the two! The peon is not his own master. 
 He is not free to gallop over the plains whenever he pleases. 
 
 15 He must tend to his master's herds. Let us go to one of the 
 theatres one of these nights and see a pure type of gaucho. 
 In the pictures I have seen he is dressed in a poncho and 
 always has a lasso or bole t as in his hand. What is a poncho? 
 Why, I have one at home. It is a cloak with a hole in it for 
 
 20 the head. The gaucho used his boletas as a lasso for animals, 
 but the Indians used them as a weapon when they fought 
 against the Spaniards. 
 
 LESSON XIX 
 
 1. En el Restaurante 
 
 Estoy rendido despues de tanto a,ndar. Es dema- 
 siado lejos para ir a nuestro hotel, entremos en ese restau- 
 
 25 rante de enfrente. 
 
 jPero hombre! cuesta un dineral comer alii. Es 
 uno de los restaurantes mas lujosos de la ciudad. 
 
 Me alegro de eso. Hoy es mi cumpleanos, y quiero 
 
 i "was willing." 2 en los grabados. 3 personaje. 4 sin embargo. 
 
A- TRIP TO SOUTH AMERICA 51 
 
 festejar la ocasion de un modo digno. Vd. sera mi 
 convidado. 
 
 Al contrario, yo sere el huesped. 
 
 Arreglaremos eso mas tarde. jMe como los codes 
 de hambre! * jMozo! 5 
 
 j Alia voy! 
 
 Una mesa para dos, y la lista de platos. Pero <jque 
 es esto? Mozo, hagame el favor de explicarme esto. 
 <iQue quiere decir fiambres? 
 
 {Ah! Se ve que son Yds. forasteros. Fiambres 10 
 son tajadas de carne fria es la costumbre aqui comerlas 
 antes de la sopa. Es nuestro "hors d'ceuvres." 
 
 Pues traiganoslas, hay que bailar al son que se 
 toca. 2 Despues tomaremos una sopa de fideos. <;Que 
 pescado hay? 15 
 
 Tenemos un pejerrey frito delicioso es una de las 
 especialidades de la casa. 
 
 iQue variedad de carnes! <iQue nos aconseja Vd. 
 tomar como plato argentine? 
 
 Tomen Vds. un puchero. Consiste de carnero 20 
 cocido con calabaza, zanahorias, y patatas. 
 
 Se me hace agua la boca solo al oir de el. 
 
 <iY que vino tomaran los senores? Tenemos un vino 
 bianco muy bueno que viene de nuestra provincia de 
 Mendoza. 25 
 
 Bueno, lo probaremos. 
 
 <jY ensalada despues? 
 
 Si, de lechuga y tomates. Despues tomaremos queso 
 y cafe negro. 
 
 <:Y no quieren Vds. postre? 30 
 
 Si, <jque frutas tiene Vd.? 
 
 i "I am famished," 2 "In Rome you must do as the Romans do." 
 
52 A TRIP TO SOUTH AMERICA 
 
 Tenemos de todas, guineos, uvas, melones, naran- 
 jas, ciruelas, peras, cerezas. . . . 
 
 jBasta! Traiganos uvas y cerezas. 
 
 <;Que busca Vd.? ^No tiene servilleta? 
 5 Si, pero no tengo tenedor. 
 
 Aqui viene el mozo con uno. 
 
 He comido como un sabanon. jMozo, la nota! 
 <iPuede Vd. cambiar un billete de cien pesos? 
 
 Creo que si. 
 
 10 Le dejare al mozo un peso de propina que representa 
 diez por ciento de la cuenta. 
 
 2. Verbs : acostarse, acordarse, ver 
 
 I go to bed at eleven, and I get up at half-past six. At 
 what time do you go to bed? Let us go to bed now. We 
 are going to bed soon. He goes to bed with the chickens. Go 
 15 to bed now, it is getting late. He does not remember me. 
 They do not remember us. I remembered you, but you did 
 not remember me. Remember it. I want you to remember 
 that. Let's see. 1 That's clear. 2 I have never seen him. 
 That man is always building castles in the air. 3 
 
 3. Exercise 
 
 20 Let us not go to our hotel, I am completely exhausted. I 
 have walked too much to-day. Do you see that restaurant 
 opposite? I am going to take you to dinner there this even- 
 ing. Man alive, do you know that it is a very expensive restau- 
 rant? Yes, and I want you to be my guest. Oh yes, I re- 
 
 25 member now, it is your birthday to-day, and you are going 
 to celebrate the occasion. I am famished, and can't stand 
 it any longer. 4 I am glad that we are going to sit down. There 
 is a table over there, let us sit down. I don't see any 5 waiter. 
 
 1 Vamos a ver. * Ya se ve. 3 ver visiones. 4 no puedo mas. 
 
 5 ningun. 
 
A TRIP TO SOUTH AMERICA 53 
 
 Where can they be? Here is one! Waiter, we are foreigners, 
 and we want a dinner that is really Argentine. When we are 
 in Rome we must do as the Romans do. What shall we 
 begin with? What do you say to noodle soup? All right, and 
 then bring us some cold meat. I shall bring that first, be- 5 
 cause it is the custom here to eat it before the soup. For 
 fish, I can give you some mackerel; I advise you to take that 
 because it is one of our specialties. I assure you that it will 
 make your mouth water when you see l it. After that we 
 will take an Argentine stew. You know that it is a famous dish 10 
 composed of lamb, pumpkin, carrots, and potatoes. What 
 wine do you want? Bring us some of your white wine that 
 comes from Mendoza. Did you ever try it? No, it is delicious. 
 Then we want some salad, tomato, and lettuce. For dessert, 
 we will have 2 some fruit. What fruits do you want? What 15 
 have you? We have bananas, grapes, melons, plums, pears, 
 and . . . Stop! Bring us a little of each 3 and we will choose 
 what we want after seeing them. We will finish with cheese 
 and coffee. Bring me a fork. And bring me a napkin. Good 
 gracious! We have eaten like gluttons! Did you ask the 20 
 waiter for the bill? Yes, I shall ask him to change a fifty- 
 dollar bill. How large a tip are you going to give him? 4 Ten 
 percent of the bill. That is what they give here. 
 
 LESSON XX 
 
 1. En un Cafe 
 
 Vamos a un cafe, tengo que escribir algunas cartas 
 y el correo sale mafiana por la mafiana. 25 
 
 - <:Porque diantre ir a un cafe para escribir cartas? 
 jQue boberia! 
 
 1 Pres. subj. (indefinite future time). 2 tomaremos frutas. 3 de todas. 
 * "How much are you going to give him of tip?" 
 
54 A TRIP TO SOUTH AMERICA 
 
 Aqui se hace siempre. Mientras se toma un refresco 
 se puede escribir o leer un periodico. El cafe latino es 
 como el club americano. Ademas he prometido encontrar 
 al Senor Valduno en el cafe de Europa a las nueve. Se lo 
 
 5 presentare a Vd. Sentemonos por alii, junto a la ventana 
 asi podremos ver a la gente que pasa. 
 
 iQuegentio! Se diria que todo Buenos Aires se esta 
 paseando por aqui. 
 
 <iQue tomaran los senores? 
 10 Deme una cerveza, <jy Vd.? 
 
 -Yo tomare una limonada. jMozo! traigame papel 
 y sobres. No necesito pluma y tinta porque tengo una 
 plumatintero. 
 
 Aqui tiene Vd. el recado de escribir, papel secante 
 15 y todo. 
 
 Gracias. ^Hasta cuando se pueden cellar al correo 
 cartas para el vapor que sale mafiana para Nueva York? 
 
 Hasta las once. Encontrara Vd. un buzon en la 
 esquina enfrente. 
 
 20 -Ya estan escritas. Haga el favor de esperarme un 
 
 momento, voy a comprar sellos y echarlas al correo. 
 
 Aqui viene mi amigo. Senor Valduno, tengo el gusto 
 
 de presentarle a mi amigo el Senor Pritchard de quien 
 
 he hablado. 
 25 Mucho gusto en conocerle. ^Es Vd. norteamericano 
 
 o ingles? 
 
 Soy americano. 
 
 Me alegro, porque yo soy americano tambien. 
 
 j Ja! jja! ^Como siempre, Senor Valduno? 
 
 30 Si, (jporque no? Entre amigos se puede hablar 
 francamente. Vds. los norteamericanos se han apropiado 
 para si el nombre "americano." 
 
A TRIP TO SOUTH AMERICA 55 
 
 <iPues no lo somos? 
 
 Si, pero nosotros lo somos tambien. 
 
 - Vd. que es ciudadano de la Repiiblica de Argentina 
 es argentine, <mo? 
 
 -Si. 5 
 
 Pues de la misma manera nosotros de los Estados 
 Unidos de America somos americanos. . . . 
 
 ^O yanquis? 
 
 Le aconsejo que no llame Vd. yanquis a mis com- 
 patriotas de Virginia o de Georgia. 10 
 
 <iY porque no? 
 
 Porque le matarian. 
 
 jAh! veo que Vds. tendran que buscarse un nom- 
 bre que nos guste a todos. 
 
 2. Verbs : enviar, coritinuar, huir, echar (regular) 
 
 I send you what you asked for. I want you to send it to me. 15 
 We do not send them by mail. Send them to me to-day. Con- 
 tinue to do what you think is just. I continued to talk to 
 them. I continue to study in spite of the heat. She still 
 continues to read. Do you know the Spanish proverb "to 
 jump from the frying pan into the fire '7 l The enemy fled. 20 
 Whenever you see him, flee. I always flee when I see a dog 
 come near me. He is growing stout. 2 He taunted me with 
 it. 3 I missed 4 her. The plant would not take root. 5 He 
 started to 6 run. 
 
 3. Exercise 
 
 Did you say you had some letters to write this evening? 25 
 Yes. Well, why in the deuce didn't you write them before 
 this? We are to go to the cafe to-night to meet Mr. Valduno. 
 
 1 Huir dd fuego y dar en las bras as. 2 echar carnes. 3 echar a la car a. 
 * echar de menos. 5 echar raices. 6 echar a. 
 
56 A TRIP TO SOUTH AMERICA 
 
 Very well then, I'll write my letters there. We can go early 
 so that I can have my letters all written before he comes. 
 At what time did he say that he would come? Oh, about 
 nine. That is all right then. I'll sit down here near you and 
 5 read the paper while you write. But I think it is foolish to 
 go to a cafe and write letters there. What are you going to 
 drink? I am not very thirsty, I'll take some coffee. Waiter, 
 bring me a glass of beer! Have you a fountain pen? I left 
 mine in my other coat. Here it is, but you have no writing 
 
 10 materials. The waiter will bring them to me. I want these 
 letters to go in to-morrow morning's mail. If I mail them be- 
 fore nine o'clock, will they go to-morrow surely? Oh yes, you 
 can mail them as late as eleven. I shall have finished them 
 before nine. Please tell me where there is a mail box near 
 , 15 here. Give them to me and I will mail them for you. There 
 is a box in front of the cafe. Have you any stamps? How many 
 do you need? Please give me three. I have mailed my 
 letters and now my mind is free. 1 This is my friend Mr. Val- 
 duno. I am very glad to meet you, you are a North American, 
 
 20 are you not? I knew that you would say North American 
 instead of American. Should you like me to say Yankee? 
 Oh no, my compatriots from the South would not like that. 
 We are Americans just as you are Argentines, we have no 
 other name. You think that we have arrogated to ourselves 
 
 25 the name American, but it is the only name we have. 
 
 LESSON XXI 
 
 1. AlTeatro 
 
 <;Que le parece a Vd. si vamos al teatro esta noche? 
 Conforme <ia que teatro iremos? 
 -Vamos al teatro de Apolo. Se dice que ese es un 
 
 1 yo, respiro. 
 
A TRIP TO SOUTH AMERICA 57 
 
 teatro popular, y yo quisiera muchisimo ver una pieza 
 argentina. En los otros teatros por la mayor parte repre- 
 sentan zarzuelas o piezas espanolas o francesas. 
 <iQue quiere decir zarzuela? 
 
 Una zarzuela es una pieza con miisica que corres- 5 
 ponde a nuestra " musical comedy." 
 
 Pues yo voto por la zarzuela, eso me viene al pelo. 
 
 Puesto que hay diferencia de gustos, juguemos a 
 cara o cruz. Si cae cara sera el Apolo, y si cae cruz la 
 zarzuela. Uno, dos, y tres. Cara es el Apolo. <{Esta 10 
 Vd. listo? 
 
 Si, pero es temprano todavia. 
 
 No, son las siete y pico, y puesto que no hemos 
 tornado los billetes en contaduria, tenemos que ir inme- 
 diatamente. 15 
 
 Espere a que me lave las manos y me acepille un 
 poquito. Me parezco a un vagabundo. Tengo los 
 zapatos y la ropa llenos de polvo. 
 
 jDios mio, que petimetre! 
 
 - Ya estoy a su disposicion. 20 
 
 <;Que localidades vamos a tomar? 
 
 Dos butacas en el balcon o como se dice aqui en la 
 tertulia. 
 
 Aqui estan los billetes, tercera fila al centro. Es 
 bueno que nos hayamos adelantado. 25 
 
 Alii viene el acomodador, ensenele los billetes. 
 
 <:Tiene Vd. programa? 
 -No. 
 
 Aqui tiene Vd. uno, yo tome dos. La casa esta 
 atestada y aun faltan diez minutos para empezar la 30 
 pieza. Mire Vd. el paraiso, hasta la ultima fila, cada 
 puesto ocupado. 
 
58 A TRIP TO SOUTH AMERICA 
 
 / 
 
 <: A que hora se levanta el telon? ]. 
 
 A las ocho y media. 
 
 Pues ^donde esta la orquesta? No la veo. 
 
 No hay orquesta, hombre. Como en Europa no 
 5 hay musica en los teatros donde se representan piezas en 
 
 prosa o en verso. 
 
 <iC6mo le gusto a Vd. el primer acto? ^ 
 
 Muy bien. Todos hicieron bien sus papeles fuera del 
 galan. Se estreno la pieza hace una semana, y todavia el 
 
 10 transpunte tiene que apuntarle durante la funcion. 
 
 2. Verbs : pagar, llegar, sacar, buscar 
 
 Pay me at once. I paid him what I owed him. I want 
 you to pay us to-day. I paid ten cents apiece 1 for them. 2 I 
 arrived yesterday. Let us arrive on time. That has come 
 to my notice. 3 Where did you get 4 that idea? I cleared up 
 15 all doubts. 5 I got 4 the book out of the drawer. I won the 
 first prize. 6 Draw this out for me. Look for it. I looked for 
 it all the morning. He wants me to look for it. Let him 
 look for it. 
 
 3. Exercise 
 
 Well, we are going to the theatre to-night, are we not? Are 
 20 we agreed? But we haven't decided yet to which theatre we 
 are going. You want to go to the Apolo, and I want to go to 
 the zarzuela. Why do you want so much to go to see a mu- 
 sical comedy? You can see plenty of them in the United States. 
 Well, a musical comedy would suit me to a T to-night. What 
 25 do you say to tossing up 7 for it? All right, let's toss up. 
 Heads, I win and we go to the Apolo, tails you win and we 
 go to the zarzuela. One, two, three; I lose. It is too early to 
 
 1 Omit. 2 par cada uno. s "That has arrived to my ears" (oidos). 
 4 sacar. 6 sacarlo en limpio. 6 sacar el premio gordo. 7 "How 
 
 does it seem to you if we should toss up? " 
 
A TRIP TO SOUTH AMERICA 59 
 
 leave now. Besides we must wash our hands and faces and 
 brush ourselves a little before we go. You look like a tramp 
 with all that dust on your clothes. It is not necessary for us 
 to dress like fops. I'll be ready in a minute and we can go 
 at once and get our tickets. We should have got them 1 in 5 
 advance. Please give me two seats in the balcony center. 
 Here are two in the fourth row. If we had not come early we 
 should not have got such good seats. Where is the usher? 
 Here he is with some programs in his hands. Please show us 
 our seats. Although the curtain will not rise for ten minutes yet, 10 
 all the seats are taken in the gallery. I don't hear any music. 
 Where is the orchestra? Man alive, this is not a zarzuela! 
 Did you ever hear music in the theatres in Europe? Well, 
 it is the same here. Is this play in prose or in verse? It says 
 in prose on the program. Just look at the gallery, it is packed. 15 
 There is not a single seat empty. Did you understand every- 
 thing? No, did you? Almost everything. The leading man 
 did not play his part very well. When was the play first put 
 on? Six days ago. Although he has been playing the part 
 for a week, the prompter had to prompt him .several times 20 
 during the performance. 
 
 LESSON XXII 
 
 1. En el Tren 
 
 pasara el proximo tranvia para la estacion 
 del ferrocarril? 
 
 En tres minutos. Acaba de pasar uno pueden 
 verlo Yds. bajando la calle por alii. 25 
 
 jQue lastima que lo hayamos perdido! <jQue hora 
 tiene Vd. en su reloj? 
 
 - Yo tengo las diez y veinte, pero mi reloj esta atrasado. 
 
 1 Debieramos haberlos tornado. 
 
60 A TRIP TO SOUTH AMERICA 
 
 - Y yo tengo las diez y media, pero el mio esta adelan- 
 tado. No me habia fijado en la hora. Es mas tarde de 
 lo que creia. <iQue le parece? ^Tomamos un coche? 
 
 Creo que sera mejor asi. Temo que si aguardamos 
 5 el tranvia, vamos a perder el tren. 
 
 jCochero, a la estacion! Tenemos mucha prisa, haga 
 Vd. el favor de apresurar lo mas posible. 
 
 <jQue tren van a tomar los senores? 
 
 El de las once y cinco. 
 
 10 -Tienen Yds. tiempo y de sobra. Estaremos alii 
 dentro de diez minutos. 
 
 Pues dese Vd. prisa de cualquier manera, porque 
 tenemos que comprar los billetes y facturar el equipaje. 
 No se sabe si tendremos que meternos en fila para tomar 
 
 15 los billetes. 
 
 Mientras yo me cuido del equipaje, metase Vd. en 
 fila a la ventanilla y encontremonos en la sala de espera. 
 Asi no perderemos tiempo. 
 
 Ya tenemos los billetes. He aqui el talon del equi- 
 20 paje. Ahora al anden. 
 
 Son ya las once, el tren sale en cinco minutos. Espere 
 un momento, voy a comprar algunos periodicos para 
 leer en el tren. 
 
 (iQue periodicos ha comprado Vd.? 
 
 25 La Prensa y la Nation. No entremos en ese com- 
 partimiento. Esta reservado para los fumadores. Este 
 otro esta lleno, no hay ni un solo asiento siquiera. 
 
 Aqui hay dos asientos juntos. Suba Vd. pronto antes 
 de que vengan otros. 
 
 30 jPasajertos al tren! 
 
 - Ya se pone en marcha el tren. jAdios, Buenos Aires! 
 
 muchas estaqiones intermediarias? 
 
A TRIP TO SOUTH AMERICA 6 1 
 
 No, este es un tren expreso. <iQuiere Vd. que abra 
 la ventanilla? 
 
 Si, abrala. jDios mio, que polvo! Cierrela otra vez. 
 Mas vale ahogarnos con el calor que con el polvo. 
 
 2. Verbs : corregir, coger, escoger 
 
 Correct me if I am not right. Our teacher corrects the 5 
 examinations himself. Correct them yourself. I correct them 
 every week. I want you to correct me. Catch that car now. 
 If I catch you I shall punish you. I caught him lying. 1 
 Don't catch cold. 2 I caught him unawares. 3 Catch me if 
 you can. Here it is, catch it. I choose this one, and she 10 
 chooses that one. Don't choose it now, choose it this afternoon. 
 
 3. Exercise 
 
 Why, it's half -past ten, and the next car for the railroad 
 station will not come for five minutes. I did not know it 
 was so late. My watch must be slow. Yes, because it is 
 ten minutes past eleven by my watch. Is your watch fast? 15 
 There is a car going down the street. We cannot catch it 
 now. Let's take a cab. If we don't, I am afraid that we shall 
 lose the train. It is later than we thought. There is a cab, 
 let's jump in at once. Driver, take us to the railroad station 
 quickly. Hurry, because we have not yet bought our tickets, 20 
 and we may have to stand in line to get them. No, you will 
 not have to do that. There are several ticket windows and 
 you will be able to get your tickets without standing in line. 
 Have you any baggage to be checked? Fortunately we have 
 only these two valises which we shall take with us into the 25 
 coach. What do you say to second-class tickets? Oh yes, 
 they will do. 4 Wait here while I buy the tickets. There is the 
 platform on the other side of the waiting room. We have only 
 three minutes before the train starts. It's too bad, I wanted 
 1 en meniira. 2 coger un resfriado. 3 descuidado. 4 estd bien. 
 
62 A TRIP TO SOUTH AMERICA 
 
 to buy some newspapers. Don't get into that coach, it's a 
 smoker. Get into this one. It is empty. There is not a 
 single seat in that one. These seats look comfortable, let's 
 sit down here. All aboard! The train is starting. Is this an 
 5 express or will there be a great many stations between here and 
 Santiago? Not many. Please shut the window. There is 
 so much dust that I am afraid that it will choke me. Yes, but 
 if I should shut the window, it would be very warm. Don't 
 shut it then. 
 
 LESSON XXIII 
 
 Una Conductora 
 
 10 jMire, mire! ^No vio Vd. eso? 
 
 No, <jque era? 
 
 - Una mujer conductora en un tranvia. He visto a 
 las mujeres conduciendo los coches en Paris pero esta 
 es la primer a vez que veo a una mujer empleada de esta 
 
 15 manera. Por cierto tuvo razon Don Quijote cuando dijo 
 que "el que lee mucho y anda mucho, ve mucho y sabe 
 mucho." Entremos en uno de esos tranvias de dos pisos. 
 Alii viene otro. No entremos en el compartimiento de 
 abajo, subamos al de arriba para ver mejor la ciudad. 
 
 20 Pues en su uniforme azul y su delantal bianco hace 
 su trabajo como un hombre. 
 
 |Y que horrorizadas se pondrian sus hermanas de 
 la America del Norte, taquigrafas o tenedoras de libro, si 
 viesen a esta mujer! 
 
 25 Mire a ese hombre tratando de atraerle la atencion, 
 pero nada de eso, ella se hace la esfinge. No le hace 
 ningun caso. 
 
 Esa costumbre me extrafia mucho. Voy a pregun- 
 
A TRIP TO SOUTH AMERICA 63 
 
 tarle a este sefior a nuestra derecha como empezo. Ca- 
 ballero, dispensenos, pero somos extranjeros y quisieramos 
 que Vd. nos hiciese el favor de explicarnos como es que 
 Vds. emplean las mujeres como conductoras. 
 
 Con mucho gusto, sefiores. No me sorprende que 5 
 Vds. lo extrafien. Durante nuestras guerras, ya hace 
 muchos anos, se fueron tantos hombres a combatir que 
 se emplearon a las mujeres para esta ocupacion y desde 
 aquel tiempo se han quedado como conductoras. 
 
 <iY los hombres no se oponen? 10 
 
 No, de ninguna manera. 
 
 Muchas gracias, sefior, por su bondad. 
 
 No hay de que, servidor de Vd. 
 
 2. Verbs : traducir, jugar 
 
 I translate some Spanish every day. I translated the letter 
 for him. Translate this sentence. I shall translate it later. 15 
 He translated the book into English. 1 If I should not trans- 
 late the story, the professor would scold me. They translated 
 it very well. Let us play with the children. They are play- 
 ing ball. 2 I played cards last night. 3 They dabble in stocks. 4 
 What are you playing? I am playing checkers. 5 It is too 20 
 bad that he plays cards so much. Don't play with him, play 
 with us. 
 
 3. Exercise 
 
 Did you ever see women driving cabs in Paris? No, did 
 you? Yes, I used to see them very often. But I am going 
 to show you something even more strange than that. Look! 25 
 Look! There goes a tramway now with a woman conductor! 
 Did you see her? That seems to be a strange way of employ- 
 ing women. It is just as Don Quixote said, "he who reads a 
 
 1 al ingles. 2 jugar a la pelota, 3 jugar a los naipes. * jugar a la 
 bolsa. 5 jugar a las damas. 
 
64 A TRIP TO SOUTH AMERICA 
 
 great deal and travels a great deal, sees a great deal and knows 
 a great deal." Here comes one of those double-decked cars. 
 Let's go to the museum in it. All right. But don't go in the 
 lower compartment, I don't like them. Besides we can see 
 5 the city better from above. How horrified our American girls 
 would be to see this woman in her blue uniform doing the 
 work of a man. Well, I don't think that there is much dif- 
 ference between car conductors and stenographers. Ah, but 
 if you were a woman you would see the difference. I wonder 
 
 10 that she doesn't pay any attention to the men. That man 
 over there is trying to attract her attention, but she is per- 
 fectly oblivious to him. What a curious custom it is! Ask 
 that man over there who is sitting at your right how the cus- 
 tom began. Since you are strangers I will explain to you how 
 
 15 it began. It doubtless surprises you to see that we employ 
 women as conductors. Since our last wars, several years ago, 
 we have employed women because so many men went off to 
 fight. And since that time have they continued to do the 
 work? Yes, you see the men do not oppose them at all, and 
 
 20 since they do their work well, the tramway company 1 has 
 kept 2 them. I thank you for your kindness, sir. Don't 
 mention it. 
 
 LESSON XXIV 
 . 1. Una Conductora. (Continuation) 
 
 Pero <jque es esto? Se habra equivocado. Habra 
 contado mal. Esperemos a que suba otra vez. Aqui 
 25 viene. 
 
 Sefiora, ha hecho Vd. una equivocation. Le di a 
 Vd. un billete de un peso y me ha dado Vd. noventa 
 centavos de vuelta. 
 
 1 la compania de los tranmas. 2 retener. 
 
A TRIP TO SOUTH AMERICA 65 
 
 Pues eso es. Vd. pago por dos, <mo? La tarifa es de 
 cinco centavos por cada persona diez centavos por dos. 
 
 -Tiene Vd. razon, sefiora, dispenseme. jCanastos! 
 Es bastante barato este paseo. El peso chileno vale 
 veintidos centavos en moneda americana y resulta que 5 
 nos cuesta este paseo un centavo y cuarto. De esa manera 
 sale mas barato tomar el tranvia que andar a pie. 
 
 Por supuesto, andando a pie gastariamos mas en 
 cuero de zapatos. Y al mismo tiempo nos libramos de 
 esos coches horrorosos que se llaman americanos en los 10 
 cuales se hace uno mil pedazos, tropezando y chocando 
 en esas malditas calles. 
 
 Americanos dijo Vd., <mo? 
 -Si. 
 
 Pues una americana aqui es una chaqueta y un 15 
 americano significa un coche. 
 
 Conque ve Vd. que hay que tener cuidado con 
 equivocarse de genero. <jHa reparado Vd. en que toda 
 la gente mejor vestida entra en ese compartimiento mal 
 ventilado de abajo? 20 
 
 Si, es la misma distincion de clase que se mantiene 
 tan tontamente en Europa. 
 
 No diga Vd. tontamente, jhombre! Es una costumbre 
 y tenemos que respetarla. En nuestro pais tan democra- 
 tico, en los coches de los ferrocarriles no decimos primera 25 
 y segunda clase pero tenemos el "parlor car" que corres- 
 ponde al coche de primera clase. Ademas, si hiciese 
 mucho sol o si lloviese a cantaros entonces estaria Vd. . 
 muy contento de tener bastantes centavos para estar 
 abajo protegido contra los elementos. 30 
 
 Eso si, pero sin embargo, gracias a Dios, ninguna 
 costumbre me impide estar al aire libre cuando me gusta. 
 
66 A TRIP TO SOUTH AMERICA 
 
 2. Verbs : vestirse, segair 
 
 He dresses well. She dressed up and went out. I get dressed 
 every morning at seven. I dressed myself in a hurry this 
 morning. Don't dress yourself now. I want you to get 
 dressed at once. You did not want me to get dressed earlier. 
 5 At what time are you going to get dressed? Follow me into 
 this rdom. I followed him as he requested me. If you did 
 not follow me you would get lost. 1 He is following us. The 
 dog followed his master. I told him to follow me. Let us 
 follow him. 
 
 3. Exercise 
 
 10 What's this? I paid for two fares giving a one-dollar bill 
 to the conductor and I received ninety cents in exchange. 
 There must be a mistake here. Yes, she must have counted 
 wrong. When she comes up again I will show her the mis- 
 take. Madam, you must have made a mistake. You gave 
 
 15 me ninety cents change for a one-dollar bill. That's right. 
 Ten cents for two fares. Ten and ninety make one hundred. 
 There are one hundred cents in the dollar. I beg your pardon, 
 madam, it is I who have made the mistake. Good gracious, 
 what a cheap ride this is! Why, it is no cheaper than in 
 
 20 Boston. Oh yes it is, because our dollar is worth about four 
 and one-half times as much as 2 the Chilean dollar. And so 
 this ride will cost us a little over one cent apiece. In that 
 case in the future it will be cheaper for us to take a car than 
 to walk. Shoe leather costs more than that. Of course, and 
 
 25 I shall be glad to be freed from those confounded cabs which 
 the Chileans call "americanos." Don't say "americanas" 
 because that means jackets. We shall have to be careful of 
 
 our genders in Chile. If we should make a mistake in asking 
 for a jacket they might 3 give us a cab instead. I notice that 
 
 30 the best-dressed people enter into that lower compartment. 
 None of them come up here. Oh, that is their foolish way of 
 1 perderse. 2 cuatro veces y media mas que. 3 podrian, 
 
A TRIP TO SOUTH AMERICA 67 
 
 maintaining class distinctions. Down there is the first class, 
 and up here is the second class. Let us not call their customs 
 foolish, let us respect them. We Americans who think our- 
 selves so democratic have parlor cars. I like it up here now 
 when the sun is not too hot. If it should rain hard, however, 5 
 I should go down stairs in order to be protected. Thank 
 heaven, it is not raining up here. In that way it does not 
 prevent me from being in the open air. 
 
 LESSON XXV 
 1. Los Bomberos Chilenos 
 
 En 1863, tuvo lugar en Santiago de Chile la catastrofe 
 mas grande del siglo XIX. Fue el incendio de la antigua 10 
 iglesia jesuita "La Compania," en el cual perecieron tres 
 mil mujeres. . . . Esa desgracia ocasionada por el gran 
 panico de las mujeres, ese ardor implacable con que las 
 llamas devoraron los cuerpos de las devotas, produjeron 
 un cambio muy grande en las conciencias. Se aumento 15 
 la perdida del ascendiente de los clerigos sobre la mujer. 
 Ese incendio fue un aliado poderoso del espiritu liberal. 
 . . . Mirando esa desgracia desde un punto de vista 
 practice y relacionado con la seguridad piiblica, el go- 
 bierno resolvio establecer un cuerpo de zapadores bomberos 20 
 defensores de la propiedad, asalariados, y con organiza- 
 cion militar, tal como existen en las capitales europeas. 
 . . . Los partidos politicos se lanzaron a organizar un 
 cuerpo de bomberos voluntario y la action del gobierno 
 quedo en este sentido desbaratada. 25 
 
 En el centro de la ciudad, en una alta torre se coloco 
 una campana de alarmas cuyas siniestras vibraciones se 
 
68 A TRIP TO SOUTH AMERICA 
 
 sienten en toda la poblacion. Declarado el peligro en 
 algun punto, echada a vuelo la campana, todos los ciuda- 
 danos inscritos en los registros del cuerpo de bomberos 
 acuden al sitio amagado. La tarea no es comoda, a veces 
 5 un incendio se declara en la media de la noche, cuando 
 reposa el trabajador o cuando se acuesta cansado el hijo 
 de la familia. ... El cuerpo de bomberos se discipline 
 rapidamente, adquirio un material abundante, uso pin- 
 torescos uniformes, tuvo pronto una leyenda de esfuerzos, 
 10 una galeria de victimas, y la certidumbre de haber salvado 
 la ciudad en repetidas ocasiones. (From B. Vicuna Suber- 
 caseaux: Un pats nuevo, Cartas sobre Chile.) 
 
 2. Verbs: escribir, alrir 
 
 Have you written to him? Yes, I have written to him. If 
 I had not written to her she would not have come. It must 
 
 15 have been decreed. 1 Having written my exercises I studied 
 my lessons. It is already written. Why have you not opened 
 the windows? If I had opened them, the dust would have 
 come in. Have you not opened your letters yet? Yes, they 
 are opened. The door is open. If it is open, close it. He 
 
 20 always keeps his eyes open. I have opened his eyes to the 
 truth. He has opened his heart to me. 
 
 3. Exercise 
 
 In 1863 there was a terrible fire in an old church in Santiago 
 
 de Chile. By the way, why do they add 2 "de Chile" after 
 
 Santiago? Oh, that is because there are several other cities 
 
 25 in Spanish-speaking countries 3 with the same name. For 
 
 instance, 4 there is one in Spain and one in Cuba. Some people 5 
 
 1 JEstaria escritol 2 se pone. 3 en los paises de habla espanola, 
 
 4 porejemplo. 5 algunos. 
 
A TRIP TO SOUTH AMERICA 69 
 
 say that this fire was the greatest disaster of the nineteenth 
 century in Chile. What caused it? It is not known. The 
 panic of the poor women whose bodies were devoured by the 
 flames was great. The loss of life was terrible. Three thou- 
 sand devout women had perished in that fire. They say that 5 
 this catastrophe brought about a more liberal spirit in Chile. 
 If you look at this fire from a practical point of view, you 
 will see that the fire produced a great change in the city of 
 Santiago. First, the government established a corps of fire- 
 men. They were to be the defenders of property and were 10 
 to be paid by the government Such corps, you know, exist in 
 some European cities. But one of the political parties re- 
 solved to organize a corps of firemen and so thwarted the 
 government's plan. Now there js a tower in the center of the 
 city. When the citizens whose names appear on the roster 15 
 of the corps hear that bell, they rush to the place where the 
 fire is. There is of course, great danger in the task, but the 
 volunteer firemen like it. Sometimes they have to hasten 
 to a fire in the middle of the night. The father of the family 
 has often gone to bed when he hears the sinister vibrations of 20 
 the bell. The firemen wear very picturesque uniforms and 
 have saved the city on several occasions. Their efforts have 
 given rise to a number of legends. They have also acquired 1 
 the certainty that there are not so many victims of fire in 
 Santiago as formerly. 25 
 
 1 adquirido. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 Irregular forms of irregular verbs. 
 
 1. abrir, irreg. p.p. abierto. 
 acordarse, rad. ch., see 
 
 acostarse. 
 
 2. acostarse, acostandose, 
 acostado. 
 
 pres. ind. me acuesto, te 
 acuestas, se acuesta, nos 
 acostamos, os acostais, se 
 acuestan. 
 
 pres. subj. me acueste, te 
 acuestes, se acueste, nos 
 acostemos, os acosteis, se 
 acuesten. 
 
 3. andar, andando, andado. 
 
 pret. anduve, anduviste, an- 
 duvo, anduvimos, andu- 
 visteis, anduvieron. 
 anduviese, 
 anduviera,etc. 
 
 4. buscar, buscando, bus- 
 cado. Verbs in car change 
 c to qu before e. 
 
 pres. subj. busque, busques, 
 busque, busquemos, bus- 
 queis, busquen. 
 
 pret. ist pers. sing, busque. 
 
 5. caer, cayendo, caido. 
 pres.^ indie, ist pers. caigo. 
 pres. subj. caiga, caigas, caiga, 
 
 caigamos, caigais, caigan. 
 pret. cai, caiste, cay6, caimos, 
 calsteis, cayeron. 
 
 , . / cayese, 
 imp. subi. \ 
 
 J \ cayera, etc. 
 
 6. coger, cogiendo, cogido. 
 
 Verbs in ger and gir change 
 g to j before a and o. 
 pres. indie, ist pers. cojo. 
 pres. subj. coja, cojas, coja, 
 cojamos, cojais, cojan. 
 
 7. conocer, conociendo, cono- 
 cido. Verbs in cer and cir 
 preceded by a vowel insert 
 a z before the c when it is 
 followed by a and o. 
 
 pres. indie, conozco. 
 
 pres. subj. conozca, conozcas, 
 
 conozca, conozcamos, co- 
 
 nozcais, conozcan. 
 
 8. continual*, continuando, 
 continuado. Takes an ac- 
 cent on the u in the sing, and 
 3d pers. plur. of the pres. 
 indie, and pres. subj. 
 
 pres. indie, continue, con- 
 tinuas, continua, conti- 
 nuamos, continuais, con- 
 tinuan. 
 
 pres. subj. continue, con- 
 tinues, continue, conti- 
 nuemos, continueis, con- 
 tinuen. 
 
 9. corregir, corrigiendo, cor- 
 regido. Rad. ch., and verbs 
 in ger and gir change g to j 
 before a and o. 
 
 pres. indie, corrijo, corriges, 
 corrige, corregimos, cor- 
 regis, corrigen. 
 
 pres, subj. corrija, corrijas, 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 corrija, cornjamos, cor- 
 
 rijais, corrijan. 
 pret. corregf, corregiste, cor- 
 
 rigi6, corregimos, corregis- 
 
 teis, corrigieron. 
 . . . / corrigiese, 
 
 imp. subj. { corrigiera ; etc . 
 
 10. creer, creyendo, creido. 
 
 pret. cref, creiste, creyo, 
 creimos, creisteis, creye- 
 ron. 
 
 , . / creyese, 
 imp. subj. | creyeraj etc 
 
 11. dar, dando, dado. 
 pres. indie, ist pers. doy. 
 pres. subj. de, des, de, demos, 
 
 dels, den. 
 
 pret. df, diste, di6. dimos, 
 disteis, dieron. 
 
 , . / diese, 
 imp. subj. | dierajetc> 
 
 12. decir, diciendo, dicho. 
 pres. ind. digo, dices, dice, 
 
 decimos, decfs, dicen. 
 pres. subj. diga, digas, diga, 
 
 digamos, digais, digan. 
 pret. dije, dijiste, dijo, diji- 
 
 mos, dijisteis, dijeron. 
 
 . , . / dijese, 
 
 imp.nbj. [jjQ^ 
 
 jut. dire, etc. 
 cond. dirfa, etc. 
 
 13. dormir, durmiendo, dor- 
 mido. Rad. ch. 
 
 pres. indie, duermo, duermes, 
 duerme, dormimos, dor- 
 mis, duermen. 
 
 pres. subj. duerma, duermas, 
 duerma, durmamos, dur- 
 mais, duerman. 
 
 pret. dormf, dormiste, dur- 
 mi6, dormimos, dormisteis, 
 durmieron. 
 
 durmiese, 
 
 durmiera ; etc 
 
 14. empezar, empezando, em- 
 pezado. Rad. ch. and verbs 
 in zar change z to c before e. 
 pres. indie, empiezo, em- 
 
 piezas, empieza, empeza- 
 
 mos, empezais, empiezan. 
 pres. subj. empiece, empieces, 
 
 empiece, empecemos, em- 
 
 peceis, empiecen. 
 pret. ist. pers. sing, empece. 
 
 15. enviar, enviando, enviado. 
 Takes an accent on the i in 
 the sing, and 3d pers. plur. 
 of pres. indie, and pres. subj. 
 pres. indie, envio, envias, 
 
 envfa, enviamos, enviais, 
 envian. 
 
 pres. subj. envfe, envies, envfe, 
 enviemos, envieis, envien. 
 
 16. escribir, irreg. p.p. es- 
 crito. 
 
 17. estar, estando, estado. 
 pres. indie, estoy, estas, esta, 
 
 estamos, estais, estan. 
 pres. subj. este", estes, este, 
 
 estemos, esteis, esten. 
 pret. estuve, estuviste, es- 
 
 tuvo, estuvimos, estuvis- 
 
 teis, estuvieron. 
 
 , f estuviese, 
 imp-suly. { estuviera>etc . 
 
 gustar, regular in sense of to 
 taste; impersonal, used only 
 in third person in sense of to 
 like. 
 
 18. haber, habiendo, habido. 
 pres. ind. he, has, ha, (hay), 
 
 hemos, habeas, ban. 
 pres. subj. haya, hayas, haya, 
 
 hayamos, hayais, hayan. 
 pret. hube, hubiste, hubo, 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 73 
 
 hubimos, hubisteis, hu- 
 bieron. 
 
 hubiese, 
 hubiera, etc. 
 jut. habre, etc. 
 cond. habrla, etc. 
 
 19. hacer, haciendo, hecho. 
 pres. indie, ist pers. hago. 
 pres. subj. haga, hagas, haga, 
 
 hagamos, hagais, hagan. 
 pret. hice, hiciste, hizo, hici- 
 
 mos, hicisteis, hicieron. 
 
 , . / hiciese, 
 fap.slAj. \ hiciera, etc. 
 fut. hare, etc. 
 cond. haria, etc. 
 
 20. huir, huyendo, huido. 
 pres. indie, huyo, huyes, huye, 
 
 huimos, huis, huyen. 
 
 pres. subj. huya, huyas, 
 huya, huyamos, huyais, 
 huyan. 
 
 pret. hui, huiste, huy6, hui- 
 mos, huisteis, huyeron. 
 j huyese, 
 
 imp. subj. ( huyerajetc . 
 
 21. ir, yendo, ido. 
 
 pres. indie, voy, vas, va, 
 
 vamos, vais, van. 
 pres. subj. vaya, vayas, vaya, 
 
 vayamos, vayais, vayan. 
 pret. fui, fuiste, fue, fuimos, 
 
 fuisteis, fueron. 
 
 , . f fuese, 
 imp. subj. ( fuera>etc . 
 
 fut. ire, etc. 
 cond. iria, etc. 
 
 22. jugar, jugando, jugado. 
 Rad. ch., and verbs in gar 
 insert u before e. 
 
 pres. ind. juego, juegas, 
 juega, jugamos, jugais, 
 juegan. 
 
 pres. subj. juegue, juegues, 
 juegue, juguemos, jugueis, 
 jueguen. 
 
 pret. ist pers. sing, jugue. 
 leer, see creer. 
 lucir, see conocer. 
 
 23. llegar, llegando, llegado. 
 Verbs in gar insert u before e. 
 pres. subj. llegue, llegues, 
 
 llegue, lleguemos, llegueis, 
 
 lleguen. 
 
 pret. ist. pers. sing, llegue. 
 morir, muriendo, muerto. See 
 dormir. 
 
 24. ofr, oyendo, oido. 
 
 pres. indie, oigo, oyes, oye, 
 
 oimos, ois, oyen. 
 pres. subj. oiga, oigas, oiga, 
 
 oigamos, oigais, oigan. 
 pret. of, olste, oy6, oimos, 
 
 oisteis, oyeron. 
 . . , . -j / oyese, 
 
 * w ^^ \oyera, etc. 
 
 fut. oire, etc. 
 
 cond. oirfa, etc. 
 pagar, see llegar. 
 parecer, see conocer. 
 
 25. pedir, pidiendo, pedido. 
 pres. indie, pido, pides, pide, 
 
 pedimos, pedis, piden. 
 pres. subj. pida, pidas, pida, 
 
 pidamos, pidais, pidan. 
 pret. pedi, pediste, pidi6, 
 
 pedimos, pedisteis, pidie- 
 
 ron. 
 
 . ,.( pidiese, 
 
 imp. subj. { pidiera?eta 
 
 26. pensar, pensando, pensa- 
 do. Rad. ch. 
 
 pres. indie, pienso, piensas, 
 piensa, pensamos, pensais, 
 piensan. 
 
 pres. subj. piense, pienses, 
 
74 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 piense, pensemos, penseis, 
 piensen. 
 
 27. perder, perdiendo, per dido. 
 Rad. ch. 
 
 pres. indie, pierdo, pierdes, 
 
 pierde, perdemos, perdeis, 
 
 pierden. 
 pres. subj. pierda, pierdas, 
 
 pierda, perdamos, perdais, 
 
 pierdan. 
 
 28. poder, pudiendo, podido. 
 pres. indie, puedo, puedes, 
 
 puede, podemos, podeis, 
 
 pueden. 
 pres. subj. pueda, puedas, 
 
 pueda, podamos, podais, 
 
 puedan. 
 pret. pude, pudiste, pudo, 
 
 pudimos, pudisteis, pudie- 
 
 ron. 
 
 / pudiese, 
 imp. subj. j pudierajetc . 
 
 fut. podre, etc. 
 cond. podria, etc. 
 
 29. poner, poniendo, puesto. 
 
 pres. indie, ist pers. pongo. 
 pres. subj. ponga, pongas, 
 
 ponga, pongamos, pon- 
 
 gais, pongan. 
 pret. puse, pusiste, puso, 
 
 pusimos, pusisteis, pusie- 
 
 ron. 
 
 imp. subj. 
 
 pusiese, 
 pusiera, etc. 
 fut. pondre, etc. 
 cond. pondria, etc. 
 30. querer, queriendo, querido. 
 pres. indie, quiero, quieres, 
 quiere, queremos, quereis, 
 quieren. 
 
 pres. subj. quiera, quieras, 
 quiera, queramos, querais, 
 quieran. 
 
 pret. quise, quisiste, quiso, 
 quisimos, quisisteis, qui- 
 sieron. 
 
 , f quisiese, 
 imp. subj. { quisiera>etc . 
 
 fut. querre, etc. 
 cond. querria, etc. 
 
 31. reir, riendo, reido. 
 
 pres. indie, rio, ries, rie, 
 
 reimos, reis, rien. 
 pres. subj. ria, rias, ria, 
 
 riamos, rials, rlan. 
 pret. rei, reiste, rio, reimos, 
 
 relsteis, rieron. 
 
 , . / riese, 
 imp. subj. | rierajetc> 
 
 fut. reire, etc. 
 cond. reiria, etc. 
 
 32. saber, sabiendo, sabido. 
 pres. indie, se, sabes, sabe, 
 
 ' sabemos, sabeis, saben. 
 pres. subj. sepa, sepas, sepa, 
 
 sepamos, sepals, sepan. 
 pret. supe, supiste, supo, 
 
 supimos, supisteis, supie- 
 
 ron. 
 
 . , . / supiese, 
 
 imp. subj. ( supiera> etc . 
 
 fut. sabre, etc. 
 cond. sabria, etc. 
 sacar, see buscar. 
 
 33. salir, saliendo, salido. 
 
 pres. indie, salgo, sales, sale, 
 salimos, salisj salen. 
 
 pres. subj. saiga, saigas, saiga, 
 salgamos, salgais, salgan. 
 
 fut. saldre, etc. 
 
 cond. saldria, etc. 
 
 34. seguir, siguiendo, seguido. 
 pres. indie, sigo, sigues, sigue, 
 
 seguimos, seguis, siguen. 
 pres. subj. siga, sigas, siga, 
 sigamos, sigais, sigan. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 75 
 
 ,. 
 imp. subj. 
 
 pret. segul, seguiste, sigui6, 
 seguimos, seguisteis. si- 
 guieron. 
 
 siguiese, 
 siguieraj etc. 
 sentarse, like pensar. 
 35. sentir, sintiendo, sentido. 
 Rad. ch. 
 
 pres. indie, siento, sientes, 
 siente, sentimos, sentis, 
 sienten. 
 
 pres. subj. sienta, sientas, 
 sienta, sentamos, sentais, 
 sientan. 
 
 pret. senti, sentiste, sinti6, 
 sentimos, sentisteis, sin- 
 tieron. 
 
 imp. subj. 
 
 \ smtiera, etc. 
 
 36. ser, siendo, sido. 
 
 pres. indie, soy, eres, es, 
 
 somos, sois, son. 
 pres. subj. sea, seas, sea, 
 
 seamos, seais, scan. 
 pret. fui, fuiste, fue, fuimos, 
 
 fuisteis, fueron. 
 
 / f uese, 
 j. | fuerajetc> 
 
 servir, see pedir. 
 
 37. tener, teniendo, tenido. 
 
 pres. indie, tengo, tienes, 
 
 tiene, tenemos, teneis, 
 
 tienen. 
 pres. subj. tenga, tengas, 
 
 tenga, tengamos, tengais, 
 
 tengan. 
 pret. tuve, tuviste, tuvo, 
 
 tuvimos, tuvisteis, tuvie- 
 
 ron. 
 
 tuviese, 
 
 38. traducir, traduciendo, tra- 
 ducido. 
 
 pres. indie. 1st pers. traduzco. 
 pres. subj. traduzca, tra- 
 
 duzcas, traduzca, traduz- 
 
 camos, traduzcais, tra- 
 
 duzcan. 
 pret. traduje, tradujiste, tra- 
 
 dujo, tradujimos, tradu- 
 
 jisteis, tradujeron. 
 
 , . / tradujese, 
 imp. subj. ( tradujera>etc . 
 
 39. traer, trayendo, traido. 
 pres. indie, ist pers. traigo. 
 pres. subj. traiga, traigas, 
 
 traiga, traigamos, trai- 
 gais, traigan. 
 
 pret. traje, trajiste, trajo, 
 trajimos, trajisteis, tra- 
 jeron. 
 
 , . / trajese, 
 imp. subj. | trajerajetc> 
 
 40. valer, valiendo, valido. 
 
 pres. indie, ist. pers. valgo. 
 pres. subj. valga, valgas, 
 
 valga, valgamos, valgais, 
 
 valgan. 
 
 fut. valdre, etc. 
 cond. valdria, etc. 
 
 41. venir, viniendo, venido. 
 pres. indie, vengo, vienes, 
 
 viene, venimos, venis, 
 
 vienen. 
 pres. subj. venga, vengas, 
 
 venga, vengamos, vengais, 
 
 vengan. 
 pret. vine, viniste, vino, 
 
 vinimos, yinisteis, vinie- 
 
 ron. 
 
 imp. subj. ltuviera>etc . 
 
 fut. tendre, etc. 
 cond. tendria, etc. 
 
 imp. subj. 
 
 vimese, 
 viniera, etc. 
 
 fut. vendre, etc. 
 
 cond. vendria, etc 
 
76 APPENDIX 
 
 42. ver, viendo, visto. vestirse, see pedir. 
 
 pres. indie, veo, ves, ve, ve- 43. volver, volviendo, vuelto. 
 
 mos, veis, ven. pres. indie, vuelvo, vuelves, 
 
 pres. subj. vea, veas, vea, vuelve, volvemos, vol- 
 
 veamos, veais, vean. veis, vuelven. 
 
 pret. vf, viste, vi6, vimos, pres. subj. vuelva, vuelvas, 
 
 visteis, vieron. vuelva, volvamos, volvais, 
 
 , / viese, vuelvan. 
 imp.svbj. ( vierajetc . 
 
SPANISH-ENGLISH VOCABULARY 
 
 App., with number, refers to irregular verbs in the Appendix. 
 
 a, at, to. 
 
 abajo, below. 
 
 abnegation, /. self-denial. 
 
 abrigo, m. overcoat. 
 
 abril, m. April. 
 
 abrir, app. i, to open. 
 
 abrochar, to fasten, buckle on. 
 
 abundante, m. and f. abundant. 
 
 acabar, to finish; de, to 
 have just. 
 
 acaso, adv. by chance. 
 
 action, /. action. 
 
 acepillar, to brush. 
 
 aceptar, to accept. 
 
 acerca, about; de, with 
 regard to. 
 
 acomodador, m. usher. 
 
 acompafiar, to accompany. 
 
 aconsejar, to advise. 
 
 acordarse de, app. 2, to re- 
 member. 
 
 acostarse, app. 2, to go to bed. 
 
 acostumbrarse, to accustom 
 one's self. 
 
 acudir, to hasten. 
 
 adelantado, -a, advanced, fast 
 (of a watch) . 
 
 adelantarse, to anticipate, 
 come ahead of time. 
 
 ademas, besides, moreover. 
 
 |adi6s! goodbye! 
 
 adivinar, to divine, guess. 
 
 adquirir, to acquire. 
 
 afeitar, to shave; navaja de 
 , razor. 
 
 aficionado, -a, fond of, inter- 
 ested in. 
 
 afortunadamente, fortunately. 
 
 agenda,/, notebook. 
 
 agraviado, -a, aggrieved. 
 
 agua, /. water. 
 
 aguardar, to await, wait for. 
 
 agujero, m. hole. 
 
 ahi, there; i va! biff, bang! 
 
 ahogar, app. 23, to suffocate. 
 
 ahora, now. 
 
 ahorro, m. saving. 
 
 aire, m. air, look. 
 
 Jaja! aha! 
 
 alarma, m. alarm. 
 
 albricias, /. pi. good news, 
 hurrah. 
 
 alcanzar, to reach. 
 
 alegrarse, to be glad. 
 
 alegre, m. and f. happy, gay. 
 
 aleman, -na, German. 
 
 algo, something. 
 
 algun, alguno, -a, some, any. 
 
 aliado, m. ally. 
 
 almacen, m. storage house. 
 
 almuerzo, m. breakfast, lunch. 
 
 Alpes, m. pi. Alps mountains. 
 
 alto, adv. loud. 
 
 alto, -a, high, tall. 
 
 altura, /. height. 
 
 alia, there. 
 
 alii, there; por , over there. 
 
 77 
 
7 8 
 
 SPANISH-ENGLISH VOCABULARY 
 
 amable, m. and f. amiable, 
 kind. 
 
 amagar, to threaten. 
 
 ambicioso, -a, ambitious. 
 
 America del Sur, /. South 
 America. 
 
 americano, -a, American; cab 
 (Chilean) . 
 
 amigo, m. friend. 
 
 amo, m. master. 
 
 ancho, -a, wide, ample; a 
 sus anchas, at one's ease. 
 
 andar, app. j, to walk, travel. 
 
 anden, m. platform. 
 
 anonimo, -a, anonymous, 
 nameless. 
 
 anteayer, day before yesterday. 
 
 antes, before, formerly. 
 
 antiguo, -a, ancient, old, for- 
 mer. 
 
 ano, m. year. 
 
 aparecer, app. 7, to appear. 
 
 apenas, scarcely. 
 
 aplicar, app. 4, to apply; se, 
 to apply one's self, pay close 
 attention. 
 
 apostar app. 2, to bet, wager. 
 
 aprender, to learn. 
 
 apresurar, to hurry, hasten. 
 
 apropiar, to appropriate, as- 
 sume: se, to arrogate to 
 one's self. 
 
 aprovechar, to profit by, make 
 good use of. 
 
 apuntar, to note, prompt. 
 
 apurarse, to worry. 
 
 apuro, m. want, worry; salir de 
 s, to get along. 
 
 aqui, here; por , this way. 
 
 ardor, m. ardor, faith. 
 
 Argentina, la Argentina, Argen- 
 tine Republic. 
 
 argentine, -a, Argentine. 
 
 aristocracia, /. aristocracy. 
 
 aristocratico, -a, aristocratic. 
 
 aritmetica, /. arithmetic. 
 
 armario, m. closet. 
 
 arqueria, /. aqueduct. 
 
 arquitectura, /. architecture. 
 
 arquitectural, m. and f. archi- 
 tectural. 
 
 arrancar, app. 4, to tear. 
 
 arreglar, to arrange. 
 
 arriba, above. 
 
 articulo, m. article. 
 
 asalariar, to fix with a salary, 
 pay. 
 
 asar, to roast. 
 
 ascendiente, m. ascendant. 
 
 ascensor, m. elevator. 
 
 asegurar, to assure, make 
 secure, fasten. 
 
 asi, so; , , so so. 
 
 asiento, m. seat. 
 
 asistir, to be present, attend. 
 
 aspecto, m. aspect. 
 
 atencion,/. attention. 
 
 atender, app. 27, to attend. 
 
 atestar, to crowd, cram. 
 
 atmosf era, /. atmosphere. 
 
 atraer, app. 39, to attract. 
 
 atrasado, -a, backward, be- 
 hind the times, slow. 
 
 atravesar, to cross. 
 
 atuf\Jdo, -a, harebrained. I/ 
 
 aumentarse, to increase. 
 
 aun, even, still; asi y todo, 
 even so, notwithstanding. 
 
 aunque, although. 
 
 autor, m., author. 
 
 avenida, /. avenue. 
 
 ayer, yesterday. 
 
 ayudar, to help. 
 
 azucar, m. sugar. 
 
 azul, m. and f. blue. 
 
SPANISH-ENGLISH VOCABULARY 
 
 79 
 
 B 
 
 babucha, /. slipper. 
 
 bahia, /. bay. 
 
 bailar, to dance. 
 
 bajar, to descend, go down, get 
 
 out. 
 
 balcon, m. balcony, 
 banquero, m. banker. 
 barato, -a, cheap. 
 barbaridad, /. barbarity, atro- 
 city. 
 
 barrera, /. barrier. 
 barro, m. clay, 
 ibasta! enough; j de chistes! 
 
 stop your joking ! 
 bastante, enough, sufficient, 
 baul, m. trunk; de camarote, 
 
 steamer trunk. 
 bello, -a, beautiful. 
 benefico, -a, beneficent, 
 bibliomane, m. bookworm. 
 biblioteca, /. library. 
 bibliotecario, m. librarian. 
 bien, well, indeed; no , as 
 
 soon as. 
 
 billete, m. bank note, ticket. 
 bianco, -a, white. 
 boberia, /. foolishness. 
 boca, /. mouth. 
 
 boleta; s, /. pi. metal balls. 
 bolsillo, m. pocket. 
 bombero, m. fireman, 
 bondad, /. kindness; tenga la 
 
 , please, 
 bonito, -a, pretty. 
 bordado, m. embroidery, 
 borrascoso, -a, stormy, rough. 
 boton, m. button. 
 Brasil, el Brasil, m. Brazil. 
 bravo, -a, brave; indio , wild 
 
 Indian. 
 broma, /. joke. 
 
 bueno, -a, good. 
 buscar, to seek, look for. 
 butaca, /. armchair, seat in a 
 
 theatre. 
 buzon, m. mail box. 
 
 caballero, m. gentleman. 
 
 caballo, m. horse. 
 
 cabello, m. hair. 
 
 cabeza, /. head. 
 
 cabo, m. end, cape. 
 
 cada, m. and f. each; cual, 
 every one. 
 
 cadena, /. chain, series. 
 
 caer, a pp. 5, to fall. 
 
 cafe, m. coffee, cafe. 
 
 caja, /. case. 
 
 calabaza, /. squash. 
 
 calcetin, m. half-hose, sock. 
 
 calcular, to calculate. 
 
 caliente, m. andf. warm. 
 
 calor, m. heat, warmth; hacer 
 , to be warm. 
 
 calvo, -a, bald. 
 
 calle, /. street. 
 
 cama, /. bed. 
 
 camarote, m. stateroom, cabin; 
 baul de , steamer trunk. 
 
 cambiar, to change. 
 
 cambio, m. exchange, change; 
 en , on the other hand. 
 
 camisa, /. shirt; de frac, 
 dress shirt. 
 
 campana, /. bell. 
 
 campanula, /. bell. 
 
 campo, m. field, prairie. 
 
 Canal de la Mancha, m. Eng- 
 lish Channel. 
 
 icanario! goodness! 
 
 icanastos! good gracious! 
 
 cansado, -a, tired. 
 
8o 
 
 SPANISH-ENGLISH VOCABULARY 
 
 cantaro, m. pitcher, jug; llover 
 a s, see llover. 
 
 capital,/, capital (city). 
 
 cara, /. face; jugar a o cruz, 
 see jugar. 
 
 caracter, m. character. 
 
 icaramba! good gracious! 
 
 cargo, m. charge. 
 
 carne, /. meat, meat dish. 
 
 caro, -a, dear, expensive. 
 
 Carolina del Sur, /. South 
 Carolina. 
 
 carretero, m. expressman. 
 
 carta, /. letter. 
 
 casa, /. house; en , at home; 
 de huespedes, boarding- 
 house, dormitory. 
 
 casi, almost. 
 
 caso, m., case, event; hacer 
 caso a, to pay attention to. 
 
 icaspita! good gracious! 
 
 castellano, -a Castilian; el, the 
 Castilian language. 
 
 catastrof e, /. catastrophe, acci- 
 dent. 
 
 causa, /. cause; a de, on ac- 
 count of, because of. 
 
 celebrar, to celebrate, sing 
 praises of, hold (races). 
 
 cenicero, m. ash tray. 
 
 central, m. andf. central. 
 
 centre, m. center. 
 
 cepillo, m. brush. 
 
 cerca, near. 
 
 cercar, app. 4, to surround. 
 
 cereza,/. cherry. 
 
 cerrar, app. 26, to dose. 
 
 certidumbre, /. certainty, as- 
 surance. 
 
 cerveza, /. beer. 
 
 cien, ciento, hundred. 
 
 cierto, -a, certain; por , 
 certainly. 
 
 cigarrillo, m. cigarette. 
 
 cigarro, m. cigar. 
 
 cinco, five. 
 
 ciruela, /. plum. 
 
 ciudad, /. city. [jnan. 
 
 ciudadano, -a, citizen, towns- 
 
 civilizaci6n, /. civilization. 
 
 clase, /. class. 
 
 clerigo, m. clergyman, priest. 
 
 club, m. club. 
 
 cocer, to cook. 
 
 coche, m. coach, cab. 
 
 cochero, m. driver. 
 
 codo, m. elbow; me como los 
 s, I am famished. 
 
 coger, app. 6, to catch. 
 
 coleccion, /. collection. 
 
 colega, m. colleague. 
 
 colegial, m. college boy, school 
 boy. 
 
 colegio, m. college, school. 
 
 colocarse, app. 4, to place. 
 
 color, m. color. 
 
 combatir, to fight. 
 
 comedor, m. dining room. 
 
 comer, to eat, dine. 
 
 comercial, m. and /. business, 
 commercial. 
 
 comerciante, m. merchant, busi- 
 ness man. 
 
 comercio, m. commerce, busi- 
 ness. 
 
 comida, /. dinner. 
 
 comisi6n, /. commission. 
 
 como, as, like, since. 
 
 <?c6mo? how? why? i va? how 
 goes it? i no? why not, of 
 course. 
 
 c6moda, /. bureau. 
 
 c6modo, -a, comfortable. 
 
 compania, /. company, relig- 
 ious order. 
 
 comparaci6n, /. comparison. 
 
SPANISH-ENGLISH VOCABULARY 
 
 8l 
 
 comparar, to compare. 
 
 compartimiento, m. compart- 
 ment. 
 
 compasion, /. pity. 
 
 compatriota, m. and f. fellow- 
 countryman or country- 
 woman. 
 
 completamente, completely. 
 
 compra,/. purchase. 
 
 comprar, to buy. 
 
 compuesto, -a, " spruced up." 
 
 comun, m. and f. common. 
 
 con, with. 
 
 conciencia, /. conscience. 
 
 concluir, to conclude, finish, 
 end. 
 
 condenar, to condemn, force. 
 
 condicion, /. condition. 
 
 condiscipulo, -a, schoolmate, 
 classmate. 
 
 conducir, app. 38, to conduct, 
 drive. 
 
 conductor, m. conductor. 
 
 conductora, /. woman conduc- 
 tor. 
 
 conferencia, /. lecture. 
 
 confesar app. 26, to confess. 
 
 conforme, m. and f. conforma- 
 ble, reconciled, agreed; estar 
 , to agree. 
 
 confusion,/, confusion. 
 
 conmemorar, commemorate. 
 
 conmigo, with me. 
 
 conocer, app. 7, to know, be ac- 
 quainted with, make the ac- 
 quaintance of. 
 
 conque, and so. 
 
 conseguir, app. 34, to succeed. 
 
 consejo, m. advice. 
 
 consentimiento, m. consent. 
 
 consentir, app. 35, to consent; 
 en, to consent to. 
 
 considerar, consider, think over. 
 
 consigo, with himself, herself, 
 itself, themselves. 
 
 construction, /. construction, 
 building. 
 
 contaduria, /. box office; tomar 
 billetes en , to get theatre 
 tickets in advance. 
 
 contar, app. 2, to count; con, 
 to count on. 
 
 contento, -a, contented, satis- 
 fied. 
 
 contiguo, -a, contiguous, ad- 
 joining. 
 
 continuation, /. continuation. 
 
 continuar, app. 8, to continue. 
 
 contra, against. 
 
 contrario, -a, contrary; al , 
 on the contrary. 
 
 convencido, -a, convinced. 
 
 convenido, -a, agreed. 
 
 convenir, app. 41, to agree, suit. 
 
 conversation, /. conversation. 
 
 convidado, -a, guest. 
 
 coraz6n, m. heart. 
 
 corbata,/. necktie. 
 
 cordon, m. string, cord. 
 
 correa, /. strap. 
 
 corregir, app. p, to correct. 
 
 correo, m. mail, post. 
 
 correr, to run. 
 
 corresponder, to correspond. 
 
 corriente, /. current, stream. 
 
 corto, -a, short. 
 
 cosa,/. thing. 
 
 cosmopolita, m. and /. cosmo- 
 politan. 
 
 costar, app. 2, to cost. 
 
 costo, m. cost. 
 
 costumbre, /. custom. 
 
 creer, app. 10, to believe. 
 
 cruz, /. cross; jugar a cara o 
 , see jugar. 
 
 cual, which. 
 
82 
 
 SPANISH-ENGLISH VOCABULARY 
 
 icual? what? which? 
 cualquier, any, anyone; de 
 
 manera, anyway, 
 cuando, when. 
 icuando? when? 
 cuanto, -a, as much. 
 dcuanto, -a? how much? pi. 
 
 how many ? 
 cuanto, adv. as much as; en 
 
 , as soon as; en a, as for. 
 cuarto, m. room. 
 cuarto, -a, quarter, fourth, 
 cuello, m. collar, 
 cuenta, /. account; hagase de 
 
 que est& en su casa, make 
 yourself at home. 
 
 cuento, m. story. 
 cuero, m. leather. 
 cuerpo, m. body, corps, 
 cuestion, /. question, matter, 
 cuidado, m. care, worry; per- 
 der , to have no fear; tener 
 
 con, to take care not to. 
 cuidarse de, to take care of, 
 
 attend to. 
 
 cultivar, to cultivate, till. 
 cultura, /. culture, 
 cumpleafios, m. birthday. 
 cura, m. priest, 
 curso, m. course. 
 
 CH 
 
 chaqueta, /. jacket, coat. 
 
 charter, to chat. 
 
 chasco, m. disappointment; 
 llevarse , to be disap- 
 pointed. 
 
 chico, -a, small, little. 
 
 ChUe, m. Chile. 
 
 chileno, -a, Chilian. 
 
 chiste, m. joke, jest, 
 
 chocar, to strike, 
 
 D 
 
 dar, to give; dale que dale, one* 
 \after the other; se prisa, 
 to hasten; a, to look out 
 on. 
 
 dato, m. fact; s, data, in- 
 formation. 
 
 de, of, from, to. 
 
 debajo, beneath; por de, un- 
 derneath. 
 
 deber, to owe. 
 
 decidir, to decide. 
 
 decir, app. 12, to say, tell; es 
 , that is. 
 
 declarar, to declare. 
 
 deducir, app. 38, to deduce; 
 venir a , to come to the 
 conclusion. 
 
 defensor, -ra, defender. 
 
 dejar, to leave; de, to give up. 
 
 delantal, m. apron. 
 
 delicioso, -a, delicious. 
 
 demas, besides; los , the 
 other. 
 
 demasiado, too, too much. 
 
 democr&tico, -a, democratic. 
 
 dentro, within; por , on the 
 inside.' 
 
 dependiente, m. andf. clerk. 
 
 deposito, m. deposit. 
 
 derecho, m. right. 
 
 derecho, -a, right. 
 
 derramar, to shed. 
 
 derribar, to demolish. 
 
 desaparecer, app. 7, to dis- 
 appear. 
 
 desbaratar, to destroy, thwart. 
 
 desconfiar, app. 15, to distrust. 
 
 describir, app. 16, to describe. 
 
 description, /. description. 
 
 descubridor, m. discoverer, ex- 
 plorer. 
 
SPANISH-ENGLISH VOCABULARY 
 
 desde, since, from. 
 
 desear, to desire. 
 
 desembocar, to empty. 
 
 desgracia, /. misfortune, fatal- 
 ity. 
 
 despoblado, -a, uninhabited, 
 deserted. 
 
 despues, after, since. 
 
 detras, behind. 
 
 devorar, to devour. 
 
 devoto, -a, devout, pious. 
 
 dia, m. day; de , by day. 
 
 dialecto, m. dialect. 
 
 diantre, m. the deuce. 
 
 diario, -a, daily, per day. 
 
 diciembre, m. December. 
 
 dicha, /. happiness, boon. 
 
 dichoso, -a, happy, lucky. 
 
 dieciocho, eighteen. 
 
 diecinueve, nineteen. 
 
 diente, m. tooth. 
 
 diez, ten. 
 
 dif erencia, /. difference. 
 
 dificil, m. and f. difficult, hard. 
 
 digerir, to digest. 
 
 digno, -a, worthy. 
 
 dineral, m. large amount of 
 money. 
 
 dinero, m. money. 
 
 Dios, m. God; i mio! good 
 gracious! espero en , I 
 hope to heaven. 
 
 disciplinary to discipline, drill. 
 
 disculpa, /. excuse. 
 
 discutir, to discuss, talk over. 
 
 dispensar, to pardon, excuse. 
 
 disposition, /. disposition, dis- 
 posal. 
 
 dispuesto, -a, disposed, ready, 
 willing. 
 
 distancia, /. distance. 
 
 distincion, /. distinction. 
 
 distraer, app. jp, to distract, 
 
 diversion,/, diversion, 
 divertirse, app. 35, to enjoy 
 
 one's self, have a good time. 
 dividir, to divide. 
 divino, -a, divine. 
 doble, m. and f. double, 
 donde, where. 
 ddonde? where? 
 dondequiera, anywhere. 
 dormir, app. 13, to sleep; se, 
 
 to fall asleep. 
 dos, two. 
 
 doscientos, -as, two hundred. 
 dragar, app. 23, to dredge. 
 dril, m. drilling, white duck. 
 duefio, m. andf. owner, master. 
 duradero, -a, durable, 
 durante, during. 
 durar, to last. 
 duro, m. dollar. 
 
 E 
 
 iea! exclam. come! 
 economico, -a, economic, 
 ecuador, m. equator. 
 echar, to throw; a vuelo 
 
 una campana, to ring a tower 
 
 bell. 
 edad,/. age; media, Middle 
 
 Ages. 
 
 edification, /. building, 
 edificio, m. building. 
 efecto, m. effect. 
 ejemplo, m. example. 
 el, m. the; de, that of. 
 61, he, him, it. 
 elegante, m. and f. elegant. 
 elemento, m. element. 
 elevador, m. elevator, 
 ella, she, her, it. 
 embarcarse, app. 4, to embark, 
 
 sail. 
 
SPANISH-ENGLISH VOCABULARY 
 
 embargo, m. hindrance; sin 
 , notwithstanding, never- 
 theless. 
 
 embellecimiento, m. embellish- 
 ment. 
 
 emigraci6n, /. emigration. 
 
 emigrado, m. emigrant. 
 
 empezar, app. 14, to begin. 
 
 empleado, -a, employee. 
 
 emplear, to employ, use. 
 
 empresa, /. undertaking. 
 
 empuje, m. push; hombre de 
 , man of enterprise. 
 
 en, in, into. 
 
 encontrar, app. 2, to find, meet. 
 
 enfrente, opposite. 
 
 ensalada, /. salad. 
 
 ensanchar, to widen. 
 
 ensenada, /. bay. 
 
 ensenar, to teach, show. 
 
 ensuciar, to soil. 
 
 entender, app. 27, to under- 
 stand. 
 
 entonces, then. 
 
 entrada, /. entrance. 
 
 entrar, to enter, go into. 
 
 entre, between, among. 
 
 entregar, app. 23, to deliver, 
 give, entrust. 
 
 entretanto, meanwhile. 
 
 enviar, app. 15, to send. 
 
 envidiar, to envy. 
 
 equipaje, m. baggage. 
 
 equivocation, /. mistake. 
 
 equivocarse, app. 4, to be mis- 
 taken, make a mistake. 
 
 erigir, to erect. 
 
 error, m. error, mistake. 
 
 escaparse, to escape, get away. 
 
 escarpado, -a, steep, rugged. 
 
 escoger, app. 6, to choose. 
 
 escribir, app. 16, to write. 
 
 escuela, /. school. 
 
 ese, esa, that. 
 
 ese, esa, eso, that one, that; 
 iesas tenemos? is that 
 what's up ? a eso de, about. 
 
 esfinge, /. sphinx; hacerse la 
 , to turn a cold shoulder, 
 be oblivious to. 
 
 esfuerzo, m. effort. 
 
 eslabon, m. link. 
 
 Espaiia, /. Spain. 
 
 espanol, -ola, Spanish, Span- 
 iard; el , the Spanish lan- 
 guage. 
 
 especialidad, /. specialty. 
 
 especialmente, especially. 
 
 espera, /. expectation, waiting; 
 sala de , waiting room. 
 
 esperar, to hope, wait for. 
 
 espiritu, m. spirit. 
 
 esquina, /. corner (of a street). 
 
 establecer, app. 7, to establish. 
 
 estacion, /. season, station. 
 
 estado, m. state. 
 
 estancia, /. farm. 
 
 estar, app. 17, to be. 
 
 este, esta, esto, this one, this. 
 
 estimular, to stimulate, en- 
 courage. 
 
 estirado, -a, proud, stiff. 
 
 Estrecho de Gibraltar, m. 
 Strait of Gibraltar. 
 
 estrenar, to do anything for the 
 first time, put on a play for 
 the first time. 
 
 estuario, m. estuary. 
 
 estudiante, m. andf. student. 
 
 estudianton, -ona, diligent stu- 
 dent, "grind." 
 
 estudiar, to study; para 
 prof esor, to study to be a 
 teacher. 
 
 estudio, m. study. 
 
 estupido, -a, stupid. 
 
SPANISH-ENGLISH VOCABULARY 
 
 eterno, -a, eternal. 
 
 Europa,/. Europe. 
 
 europeo, -a, European. 
 
 exactamente, exactly. 
 
 examen, m. examination; pi. 
 extaenes. 
 
 examinar, to examine, look at. 
 
 excepto, except. 
 
 existir, to exist. 
 
 exito, m. result, issue; tener 
 , to succeed. 
 
 explicar, app. 4, to explain. 
 
 exportar, to export. 
 
 expresion, /. expression. 
 
 expreso, m. express. 
 
 extenderse, app. 27, to stretch 
 out. 
 
 exterior, m. and f. exterior. 
 
 extinto, -a, extinct. 
 
 extranjero, -a, stranger, for- 
 eigner; al , to foreign 
 countries, abroad. 
 
 extranjero, -a, adj. foreign. 
 
 extranar, extranarse, to won- 
 der at, be surprised at. 
 
 E 
 
 facil, m. and f. easy. 
 facturar, to check (baggage). 
 falta, /. lack; hacer , to lack, 
 
 need. 
 
 f altar, to lack. 
 familia, /. family. 
 fanatismo, m. fanaticism. 
 fatiga, /. hard labor. 
 favor, m. favor. 
 fe, /. faith. 
 f eo, -a, ugly, 
 f echa, /. date. 
 
 felicitation, /. congratulation. 
 ferrocarril, m. railroad. 
 festejar, to celebrate. 
 
 festin, m. feast, banquet. 
 
 fiambre, /. cold meat. 
 
 fideos, m. pi. noodles, sort of 
 spaghetti. 
 
 fiel, m. andf. faithful. 
 
 fieltro, m. felt. 
 
 figurarse, to imagine. 
 
 fijar, to fix; se en, to no- 
 tice. 
 
 fila, /. row. 
 
 fin, m. end; al , at last. 
 
 firmar, to sign one's name. 
 
 florido, -a, full of flowers, flow- 
 ery. 
 
 fondo, m. bottom; a , 
 thoroughly. 
 
 forastero, -a, stranger, for- 
 eigner. 
 
 formal, m. and f. serious, se- 
 date. 
 
 formar, to form. 
 
 fortuna, /. fortune. 
 
 fosforo, m. match. 
 
 frac, m. dress coat; camisa de 
 , dress shirt. 
 
 francamente, frankly. 
 
 frances, -esa, French, French- 
 man, French woman; el , 
 the French language. 
 
 frente, /. front; en , op- 
 posite; a , face to face. 
 
 frio, -a, cold. 
 
 frio, m. cold; hacer , to be 
 cold. 
 
 frito, -a, p.p. of freir, fried. 
 
 fuera, outside; de, except. 
 
 fuerte, m. fort. 
 
 fuerte, m. and f. strong. 
 
 fruta,/. fruit. 
 
 fumador, m. smoker. 
 
 fumar, to smoke. 
 
 fundar, to found. 
 
86 
 
 SPANISH-ENGLISH VOCABULARY 
 
 galan, m. lover, leading man. 
 galeria, /. gallery, collection of 
 
 portraits. 
 galopar, to gallop, 
 gallego, -a, Galician (from the 
 
 province of Galicia, Spain). 
 gana, /. appetite, desire; dar 
 
 la , to feel like, have a 
 
 desire to; tener s (de), 
 
 to have an appetite, desire; 
 
 de buena , willingly, 
 ganado, m. live stock, herd, 
 ganar, to earn, 
 garantizar, to guarantee. 
 gastar, to spend, 
 gasto, m. expense, 
 gaucho, m. "cowboy" of the 
 
 pampas of Argentina. 
 gaveta, /. drawer. 
 generation, /. generation. 
 general, general, common; por 
 
 lo , in general. 
 genero, m. gender. 
 gente, /. people. 
 gentio, m. crowd. 
 gobierno, m. government, 
 golfo, m. gulf. 
 gorra, /. cap. 
 gracias, /. pi. thanks. 
 gran, grande, m. and f. large, 
 
 great, big. 
 
 grueso, -a, thick, heavy, stout, 
 guardar, to guard, 
 guason, m. wag, joker, 
 guerra,/. war. 
 guia, m. and f. guide, 
 guineo, m. banana, 
 gustar, to please; me gusta, I 
 
 like. 
 gusto, m. taste, pleasure. 
 
 H 
 
 haber, app. 18, to have; hay, 
 there is, there are; hay que, 
 one must; no hay de que, 
 don't mention it, not at all; 
 icunto hay? how far is it? 
 
 habilidad, /. skill, ingenuity. 
 
 habitante, m. and f. inhabitant. 
 
 hablar, to speak. 
 
 hacer, app. ip, to do, make, 
 pack (a trunk). 
 
 hambre, /. hunger; tener , to 
 be hungry. 
 
 hasta, until, as far as, even; 
 la vista, so long. 
 
 he, aqui, here is, here are; 
 heraps aqui, here we are. ft 
 
 hecho, m. fact. 
 
 helar, app. 26, to freeze. 
 
 hermano, -a, brother, sister. 
 
 hermoso, -a, beautiful, hand- 
 some. 
 
 heroe, m. hero. 
 
 hijo, -a, son, daughter. 
 
 historia, /. story. 
 
 ihola! hello! 
 
 holgazan, -na, idler, loafer. 
 
 hombre, m. man; j ! man 
 alive! good heavens! 
 
 hora, /. hour, time. 
 
 horrorizado, -a, horrified. 
 
 horroroso, -a, horrible, horrid. 
 
 " hors d'ceuvres," (French) 
 side dish. 
 
 hospital, m. hospital. 
 
 hotel, m. hotel. 
 
 hoy, today; dia, at the pres- 
 ent time. 
 
 huevo, m. egg; pasado por 
 
 agua, boiled egg. [guest. 
 
 'huesped, -da, host, hostess, 
 
 huir, app. 20, to flee. 
 
SPANISH-ENGLISH VOCABULARY 
 
 idea, /. idea. 
 
 idioma, m. language. 
 
 iglesia, /. church. 
 
 igual, m. and f. equal. 
 
 imaginar, to imagine. 
 
 impedir, app. 25, to prevent. 
 
 implacable, m. and f. implaca- 
 ble, inexorable. 
 
 importancia, /. importance. 
 
 importante, important. 
 
 importar, to matter, be of im- 
 portance, import. 
 
 imposible, m. and f. impossible. 
 
 impresion, /. impression. 
 
 incendio, m. fire. 
 
 inconmovible, m. and f. im- 
 movable. 
 
 inconveniente, m. difficulty, 
 disadvantage. 
 
 independencia, /. independ- 
 ence. 
 
 indio, -a, Indian; bravo, wild 
 Indian. 
 
 industria, /. industry. 
 
 infinite, -a, infinite. 
 
 infinite, adv. infinitely, very 
 much. 
 
 influencia, /. influence. 
 
 informe, m.\ pi. informes, in- 
 formation. 
 
 Inglaterra, /. England. 
 
 ingles, -esa, English, English- 
 man, Englishwoman; el , 
 the English language. 
 
 ingrato, -a, ungrateful. 
 
 injusto, -a, unjust. 
 
 inmediatamente, immediately. 
 
 inmenso, -a, immense. 
 
 inscribir, to register. 
 
 inscrito, see inscribir. 
 
 insignificant e, m. and f. insig- 
 nificant. 
 
 intelectual, m. and f. intellec- 
 tual. 
 
 interesar, to interest. 
 
 interior, m. and}, interior; ropa 
 , underclothes. 
 
 intermediario, -a, intermedi- 
 ary, in between. 
 
 interprete, m. and], interpreter. 
 
 intervalo, m. space. 
 
 invertir, app. 35, to invest. 
 
 investigation, /. investigation. 
 
 invierno, m. winter. 
 
 invisible, m. and f. invisible. 
 
 invitation, /. invitation. 
 
 invitar, to invite. 
 
 ir, to go; se, go away 
 
 irregular, m. and f. irregular. 
 
 italiano, -a, Italian, Italian 
 woman; el , the language. 
 
 Ija ja! ha, ha! 
 
 jabon, m. soap. 
 
 jardin, m. garden. 
 
 jesuito, -a, Jesuit. 
 
 jipijapa, /. woven straw; som- 
 brero de , Panama hat. 
 
 joven, m. and f. young, young 
 man, young woman. 
 
 jugar, app. 22, to play; a 
 cara o cruz, to toss up. 
 
 Julio, m. July. 
 
 junio, m. June. 
 
 junto, -a, together. 
 
 junto a, near. 
 
 justamente, precisely, exactly, 
 just. 
 
 kilometre, m. kilometer, about 
 f of a mile. 
 
88 
 
 SPANISH-ENGLISH VOCABULARY 
 
 la, /. the; de, that of. 
 
 labrador, m. farmer. 
 
 lado, m. side. 
 
 lago, m. lake. 
 
 lana, /. wool. 
 
 lanzarse, to rush, hasten. 
 
 largo, -a, long. 
 
 lastima, /. pity. 
 
 latino, -a, Latin. 
 
 latinoamericano, -a, Latin- 
 American. 
 
 lavado, m. wash, laundry. 
 
 lavar, to wash. 
 
 lazo, m. lasso. 
 
 le, him, to him, her, you, to 
 you. 
 
 leche, /. milk. 
 
 lechuga, /. lettuce. 
 
 leer, app. 10, to read. 
 
 legiblemente, legibly. 
 
 lejano, -a, distant. 
 
 lejos, far. 
 
 levantar, to rise; se, to get up. 
 
 leyenda, /. legend. 
 
 liberal, m. and f. liberal. 
 
 libertad, /. liberty. 
 
 librar, to free. 
 
 libro, m. book. 
 
 ligero, -a, light. 
 
 limonada, /. lemonade. 
 
 Undo, -a, handsome, beautiful. 
 
 lista, /. list; de platos, bill 
 of fare. 
 
 listo, -a, ready, clever. 
 
 literatura, /. literature. 
 
 lo, it, him; que, that which, 
 whatever. 
 
 localidad, /. location, seat in a 
 theatre. 
 
 lona, /. canvas. 
 
 lozano, -a, luxuriant. 
 
 lucir, app. 7, to show off. 
 
 luego, then. 
 
 lugar, m. place, village; en 
 
 de, instead of; tener , 
 to take place. 
 
 lujo, m. luxury. 
 
 lujoso, -a, luxurious, expensive. 
 
 LL 
 
 llama,/, flame. 
 
 llamar, to call; se, be called, 
 
 be named, 
 llano, -a, flat, level, 
 llave, /. key; cerrar con , 
 
 to lock, 
 llegar, app. 23, to arrive; a, 
 
 to reach, 
 llenar, to fill, 
 lleno, -a, full. 
 llevar, to take, carry, wear, 
 
 bear, 
 llover, app. 43, to rain; a 
 
 cantaros, to pour. 
 
 M 
 
 magnifico, -a, magnificent, ex- 
 cellent. 
 
 mal, badly, ill. 
 
 maldito, -a, confounded. 
 
 maleta, /. valise, suit case. 
 
 mama,/, mamma. 
 
 manana,/. morning. 
 
 manana, adv. tomorrow; pasa- 
 do , day after tomorrow; 
 
 por la , tomorrow 
 morning. 
 
 mandar, to send. 
 
 manera, /. way, manner; de 
 que, so that; de ninguna , 
 not at all; s de ser, cus- 
 toms. 
 
 mano, /. hand. 
 
 manta, /. cloak. 
 
SPANISH-ENGLISH VOCABULARY 
 
 8 9 
 
 mantener, app. 37, to maintain. 
 manufacturer, to manufacture. 
 m&quina, /. machine. 
 mar, m. and f. sea. 
 maravilloso, -a, marvelous. 
 marcha, /. march, movement; 
 
 ponerse en , to start. 
 marcharse, to go off. 
 martir, m. andf. martyr. 
 mas, more. 
 mas, but. 
 matar, to kill, 
 material, m. material. 
 mayo, m. May. 
 
 mayor, m. and f. greater, major. 
 me, me, to me. 
 medalla, /. medal. 
 mediados, a de, about the 
 
 middle of. 
 medida, /. measure; a que, 
 
 in proportion as. 
 medio, -a, half, middle; edad 
 
 media, Middle Ages. 
 meditar, to meditate, think 
 
 over. 
 
 Mejico, m. Mexico, 
 mejor, m. and /. better. 
 melon, m. melon. 
 memoria, /. memory. 
 menos, less, least; al , at 
 
 least. 
 
 menospreciar, to scorn, under- 
 estimate. 
 mes, m. month, 
 mesa,/, table, 
 metal, m. metal. 
 meter, to put, place; se en 
 
 travesuras, get into mischief; 
 
 se en fila, stand in line. 
 metrico, -a, metric. 
 metro, m. meter. 
 metropoli, /. metropolis. 
 mi, my. 
 
 mi, me. 
 
 miedo, m. fear; tener , to 
 be afraid. 
 
 mientras, while. 
 
 miercoles, m. Wednesday; el 
 que viene, next Wednes- 
 day. 
 
 mil, m. one thousand. 
 
 mili tar, m. and f. military. 
 
 milla,/. mile. 
 
 millonario, m. millionaire. 
 
 mimar, to pet, spoil. 
 
 mimbre, /. willow. 
 
 minuciosamente, minutely. 
 
 minuto, m. minute. 
 
 mio, -a, my, mine. 
 
 mirar, to look, look at. 
 
 mismo, -a, same, self. 
 
 mitad, /. half; a de, in 
 the middle of. 
 
 moderno, -a, modern. 
 
 modo, m. way, manner; de 
 todos s, at all events. 
 
 memento, m. moment. 
 
 moneda, /. coin, money. 
 
 mon6tono, -a, monotonous. 
 
 montana, /. mountain. 
 
 montar, to mount. 
 
 monte, m. hill. 
 
 mont6n, m. pile. 
 
 moreno, -a, brown. 
 
 morir, app. 13, to die. 
 
 mozo, m. waiter, porter. 
 
 muchacha, /. girl. 
 
 muchacho, m. boy, fellow. 
 
 muchisimo, very much. 
 
 muelle, m. pier, wharf. 
 
 mujer, /. woman. 
 
 multiplicar, app. 4, to multiply, 
 increase. 
 
 multitud,/. multitude, crowd. 
 
 mundo, m. world, group. 
 
 museo, m. museum. 
 
9 o 
 
 SPANISH-ENGLISH VOCABULARY 
 
 musica, /. music, 
 muy, very. 
 
 N 
 
 nacer, app. 7, to be born. 
 
 nacional, m. and f. national. 
 
 nacionalidad, /. nationality. 
 
 nada, nothing, anything, not 
 at all; que hacer, nothing 
 to do. 
 
 nadar, to swim; en la abun- 
 dancia, to roll in wealth. 
 
 nadie, no one, nobody, any- 
 body. 
 
 naranja, /. orange. 
 
 natal, m. and f. native. 
 
 navaja, /. knife; de afeitar, 
 razor. 
 
 necesario, -a, necessary. 
 
 necesitar, to need. 
 
 necropolis, /. burying ground. 
 
 negocio, m. affair; s, busi- 
 ness. 
 
 negro, -a, black. 
 
 ningun, ninguno, -a, no, no- 
 body. 
 
 no, no, not; ino? for i es 
 verdad? is it not so? 
 
 noche, /. night; de , at 
 night, by night. 
 
 nombre, m. name. 
 
 norte, m. andf. north. 
 
 norteamericano, -a, North 
 American. 
 
 nosotros, -as, we, us. 
 
 nota, /. grade, bill. 
 
 notable, m. and /. notable, 
 grade of " B." 
 
 novela, /. novel. 
 
 noventa, ninety. 
 
 nuestro, -a, our, ours. 
 
 nueve, nine. 
 
 nuevo, -a, new. 
 
 numero, m. number. 
 numeroso, -a, numerous, 
 nunca, never. 
 
 O 
 
 obra, /. work. 
 
 ocasion, /. occasion. 
 
 ocasionar, to cause. 
 
 oceano, m. ocean. 
 
 octavo, -a, eighth. 
 
 ocupacion, /. occupation. 
 
 ocupado, -a, busy. 
 
 ocupar, to occupy, take up 
 space. 
 
 ocurrir, to occur; se, think 
 of. 
 
 oficina, /. office. 
 
 oir, app. 24, to hear. 
 
 iojala! would that! oh if! 
 
 ojo, m. eye. 
 
 olvidar, to forget. 
 
 once, eleven. 
 
 opinion, /. opinion. 
 
 oponerse, app. 29, to oppose. 
 
 oportunidad, /. opportunity. 
 
 ordinario, -a, ordinary, every- 
 day. 
 
 organizaci6n, /. organization. 
 
 organizar, to organize. 
 
 original, m. and f. original. 
 
 orquesta, /. orchestra. 
 
 otro, -a, other, another. 
 
 Pablo, Paul. 
 
 padre, m. father; pi. parents. 
 
 pagar, app. 23, to pay. 
 
 pais, m. country. 
 
 paja, /. straw. 
 
 palabra, /. word. 
 
 palco, m. box. 
 
 pampa, /. prairie. 
 
SPANISH-ENGLISH VOCABULARY 
 
 pan, m. bread. 
 
 Panama, m. Panama. 
 
 panorama, m. panorama. 
 
 panuelo, m. handkerchief. 
 
 papa, m. papa. 
 
 papel, m. paper, role, part in a 
 play; secante, blotting 
 paper. 
 
 par, m. pair. 
 
 para, in order to, to, for. 
 
 parada,/. stop, stay. 
 
 paraiso, m. paradise, gallery of 
 a theatre. 
 
 parar, to stop. 
 
 parecer, app. 7, to seem, re- 
 semble; ique le parece? how 
 does it strike you? 
 
 parte, /. part. 
 
 partida, /. departure, match, 
 game. 
 
 partido, m. party. 
 
 partir, to leave, depart. 
 
 pasable, m. and f. passable, 
 grade of " D." 
 
 pasajero, m. passenger; i s 
 al tren! all aboard! 
 
 pasar, to pass, come in, happen; 
 huevo pasado por agua, 
 boiled egg; pasado manana, 
 day after tomorrow. 
 
 pasearse, to take a walk. 
 
 paseo, m. avenue, boulevard, 
 ride. 
 
 patata, /. potato. 
 
 patriotic, -a, patriotic. 
 
 pedazo, m. piece. 
 
 pedir, app. 25, to ask, ask for. 
 
 pegar, app. 25, to fasten, join. 
 
 peine, m. comb. 
 
 pejerrey, m. variety of mack- 
 erel. 
 
 pelear, to fight. 
 
 peligro, m. danger. 
 
 pelo, m. hair; eso me viene al 
 
 , that suits me to a T. 
 pendiente, m. and f. pending, 
 
 imminent. 
 pensar, app. 26, to think, plan; 
 
 de, have an opinion of; 
 
 en, think of, think about. 
 penasco, m. large rock, cliff. 
 penascoso, -a, steep. 
 peon, m. laborer. 
 pequeno, -a, small. 
 pera, /. pear. 
 perder, app. 27, to lose; 
 
 cuidado, have no fear. 
 perdida, /. loss. 
 perecer, app. 7, to perish. 
 periodico, m. newspaper. 
 permiso, m. permission. 
 permitir, to permit, allow. 
 pero, but. 
 persona, /. person. 
 pertenecer, app. 7, to belong. 
 Peru, el Peru, m. Peru, 
 pesar, m. grief; a de, in 
 
 spite of. 
 
 pescado, m. fish. 
 peso, m. weight, dollar, 
 petimetre, m. fop, dandy, 
 pico, m. small amount; las 
 
 nueve y , a little after 
 
 nine. 
 
 pie, m. foot. 
 pieza, /. piece, play, 
 pintoresco, -a, picturesque. 
 pipa, /. pipe; fumar en , to 
 
 smoke a pipe. 
 piso, m. floor, story; tranvia 
 
 de dos s, double-decked 
 
 car. 
 
 placer, m. pleasure. 
 plan, m. plan, 
 plato, m. plate, dish. 
 plaza, /. public square. 
 
9 2 
 
 SPANISH-ENGLISH VOCABULARY 
 
 pleno, -a, full; mar, open 
 sea; en verano, in mid- 
 summer. 
 
 pluma, /. pen. 
 
 plumatintero, /. fountain pen. 
 
 poblacion, /. population. 
 
 pobre, m. andf. poor. 
 
 poco, -a, little; pi. few. 
 
 poco, adv. little; mas o 
 menos, more or less. 
 
 poder, app. 28, to be able; no 
 puedo mas, I am completely 
 exhausted. 
 
 poderoso, -a, powerful. 
 
 poema, m. poem. 
 
 poeta, m. poet. 
 
 politico, -a, political. 
 
 polvo, m. dust. 
 
 poncho, m. cloak, blanket. 
 
 poner, app. 29, to put, place; 
 se, become, put on; se 
 en marcha, start off; se 
 a, begin. 
 
 popular, m. andf. popular. 
 
 poquito, little, very little. 
 
 por, by, for, through, on ac- 
 count of. 
 
 porque, because. 
 
 dporque? why? 
 
 portugues, -esa, Portuguese; el 
 , the Portuguese language. 
 
 porvenir, m. future. 
 
 poseer, to possess, own. 
 
 posible, possible. 
 
 postre, m. dessert. 
 
 practice, -a, practical. 
 
 precio, m. price. 
 
 precioso, -a, precious, valuable. 
 
 precisamente, precisely, ex- 
 actly. 
 
 preguntar, to ask (a question). 
 
 preocupar, to trouble, worry. 
 
 preparar, to prepare. 
 
 preparative, m. preparation. 
 presencia, /. presence. 
 presentacidn, /. presentation, 
 
 introduction. 
 
 presentar, to present, introduce. 
 prevenir, app. 41, to warn. 
 primavera, /. spring. 
 primer, primero, -a, first. 
 principle, m. beginning; a s 
 
 de, during first part of. 
 prisa, /. haste; tener , to be 
 
 in a hurry. 
 
 privilegiado, -a, privileged. 
 probable, m. andf. probable. 
 probar, app. 2, to try, taste. 
 problema, m. problem. 
 producir, app. 38, to produce, 
 
 bring about. 
 producto, m. product. 
 prof esi6n, /. profession. 
 profesor, m. teacher, professor. 
 programa, m. program. 
 progresar, to progress. 
 progreso, m. progress. 
 prolongar, app. 23, to prolong, 
 
 extend. 
 
 prometer, to promise. 
 promontorio, m. promontory, 
 
 cape. 
 
 pronto, soon. 
 propiedad, /. property. 
 propina, /. tip. 
 propio, -a, own. 
 proposito, m. purpose, object; 
 
 a , by the way. 
 prosa,/. prose. 
 prosaico, -a, prosaic. 
 proteger, app. 6, to protect, 
 provincia, /. province, 
 proximo, -a, next. 
 proyecto, m. project, plan; 
 
 ique hay en ? what are 
 
 the plans? 
 
SPANISH-ENGLISH VOCABULARY 
 
 93 
 
 publicar, app. 4, to publish. 
 
 publico, -a, public. 
 
 puchero, m. stew. 
 
 puerto, m. port, harbor. 
 
 Puerto Rico, m. Porto Rico. 
 
 pues, well, then. 
 
 puesto, m. place, position, seat. 
 
 puesto que, since. 
 
 pulgada, /. inch. 
 
 punto, m. point. 
 
 puro, -a, pure. 
 
 puro, m. cigar. 
 
 que, rel. who, which, that. 
 ique? what? which? how? i 
 
 tal? how do you do? 
 que, adv. then. 
 quedar, se, to remain. 
 quejarse, to complain. 
 querer, app. 30, to want, wish; 
 
 quisiera, I should like; 
 
 decir, to mean. 
 queso, m. cheese. 
 quien, who, whom, 
 iquien? who? whom? 
 quitar, se, to take away, 
 
 take off. 
 quizas, perhaps. 
 
 R 
 
 rapidamente, quickly. 
 
 raro, -a, rare; raras veces, 
 rarely. 
 
 raso, -a, open, free; al , 
 in the open air. 
 
 razon, /. reason; tener , to 
 be right. 
 
 realization, /. realization. 
 
 recado, m. tool, implement; 
 de escribir, writing ma- 
 terials. 
 
 recibir, to receive. 
 
 recien, recently. 
 
 reciente, m. and f. recent. 
 
 recomendar, app. 26, to recom- 
 mend. 
 
 recordar, app. 2, to remember, 
 remind. 
 
 rector, m. rector, president of 
 a university. 
 
 recurso, m. resource; pi. re- 
 cursos, means. 
 
 reducido, -a, reduced, small. 
 
 reemplazar, to replace. 
 
 reformador, m. reformer. 
 
 refran, m. proverb; el mismo 
 , the same old story. 
 
 refresco, m. refreshment, cold 
 drink. 
 
 region,/, region. 
 
 registro, m. register. 
 
 regla, /. rule. 
 
 regresar, to return. 
 
 regular, m. and f. regular, fair, 
 grade of " C." 
 
 rehacer, app. ip, to make over. 
 
 reir, app. 51, to laugh. 
 
 relation, /. relation. 
 
 relacionar, to relate, connect. 
 
 reloj, m. watch. 
 
 rendido, -a, exhausted. 
 
 reparar, to repair; en, to 
 notice. 
 
 repetir, app. 25, to repeat. 
 
 reposar, to rest. 
 
 representar, to represent, per- 
 form. 
 
 republica, /. republic. 
 
 republican, -a, republican. 
 
 reservar, to reserve, withhold. 
 
 resolver, app. 43, to resolve. 
 
 respectivo, -a, respective. 
 
 respetar, to respect. 
 
 restaurante, m. restaurant. 
 
 resultado, m. result. 
 
94 
 
 SPANISH-ENGLISH VOCABULARY 
 
 resultar, to result. 
 
 retener, app. 37, to retain, keep. 
 
 reves, m. reverse; al , ex- 
 actly the opposite. 
 
 revista, /. review, magazine. 
 
 rico, -a, rich. 
 
 rio, m. river. 
 
 rojizo, -a, reddish. 
 
 romper, p.p. roto, to break. 
 
 ropa, /. clothes; interior, 
 underclothing. 
 
 ruego, m. request, entreaty. 
 
 sabado, m. Saturday. 
 
 sabanon, chilblain; comer 
 como un , to eat greed- 
 ily, devour. 
 
 saber, app. 32, to know; a, 
 to taste of. 
 
 sacar, app. 4, to draw. 
 
 sala, /. hall, room; de es- 
 pera, waiting room. 
 
 salida, /. departure, sailing. 
 
 salir, app. 33, to go out, come 
 out, turnout, leave, result; 
 de apuros, to get along. 
 
 salud,/. health. 
 
 salvar, to save. 
 
 sandwich, m. (English) sand- 
 wich. 
 
 sanear, to make healthy, re- 
 pair. 
 
 se, himself, herself, itself, 
 themselves. 
 
 secar, app. 4, to dry. 
 
 sed, /. thirst; tener , to be 
 thirsty. 
 
 seguida, /. continuation; en 
 , immediately. 
 
 seguir, app. 34, to follow; 
 un curso, take a college 
 course. 
 
 segun, according to. 
 
 segundo, -a, second. 
 
 seguridad, /. security, safety. 
 
 seguro, -a, sure. 
 
 seis, six; las , six o'clock. 
 
 sello, m. postage stamp. 
 
 semana,/. week. 
 
 semejante, m. andf. similar. 
 
 sentarse, app. 26, to sit down. 
 
 sentido, m. sense, course. 
 
 sentir, app. 35, to feel, be sorry, 
 hear. 
 
 sefior, m. gentleman, sir, Mr. 
 
 senora, /. lady, Mrs. 
 
 separar, to separate. 
 
 ser, app. 36, to be. 
 
 sereno, -a, serene, calm; al 
 , in the quiet of evening. 
 
 serio, -a, serious. 
 
 servicio, m. service. 
 
 servilleta, /. napkin. 
 
 servir, app. 25, to serve; de, 
 serve as; sirvase, please; 
 se de, to use, make use of. 
 
 severe, -a, severe. 
 
 si, if, whether; apenas , 
 scarcely. 
 
 si, yes. 
 
 si, himself, herself, itself, your- 
 self, themselves, yourselves 
 (after preposition). 
 
 siempre, always. 
 
 siglo, m. century. 
 
 significar, to signify, mean. 
 
 simple, m. andf. simple. 
 
 sin, without. 
 
 siniestro, -a, sinister. 
 
 sino, but, except. 
 
 siquiera, scarcely; ni . . . , 
 not a single. 
 
 sistema, m. system, 
 
 sistematicamente, systematic- 
 ally. 
 
SPANISH-ENGLISH VOCABULARY 
 
 95 
 
 sitio, m. place. 
 
 situation, /. situation. 
 
 sobra, /. surplus, excess; de 
 
 , over and above. 
 sobre, m. envelope. 
 sobre, on, above, over, 
 sobresaliente, excellent; estu- 
 
 diante , " A " student. 
 sol, m. sun; hacer , to be, 
 
 sunny. 
 
 solamente, only. 
 soler, app. 43, to be accustomed. 
 solo, -a, only, single. 
 solo, only, merely. 
 soltero, -a, bachelor, spinster. 
 sombrero, m. hat. 
 son, m. sound, manner. 
 sonreir, app. ji, to smile. 
 sopa, /. soup. 
 sorprender, to surprise. 
 sospecharse de, to suspect. 
 su, his, her, its, their, your, 
 subir, to come up. 
 sucio, -a, dirty. 
 sudamericano, -a, South 
 
 American. 
 suelo, m. soil, land. 
 sueno, m. sleep; tener , to 
 
 be sleepy. 
 
 suerte, /. luck, good luck. 
 sugerir, app. 35, to suggest. 
 sujeto, m. fellow, 
 sumamente, extremely. 
 suntuoso, -a, sumptuous, ex- 
 pensive. 
 
 superioridad, /. superiority. 
 supiera, see saber, 
 supuesto, -ta, supposed; por 
 
 , of course. 
 
 suspender, to suspend, " flunk." 
 suyo, -a, his, hers, yours, its, 
 
 theirs. 
 
 tajada, /. slice. 
 
 tal, such, so; vez, perhaps. 
 
 talon, m. baggage check. 
 
 tambien, too, also. 
 
 tampoco, neither. 7 
 
 tan, so, as; solo, merely. 
 
 tanto, -a, so much, as much; 
 
 pi. so many, as many. 
 tanto, adv. so much; como, 
 
 so much as. 
 
 taquigrafo, -a, stenographer, 
 tarde, /. afternoon, evening, 
 tarde, m. and f. late, 
 tarea, /. task, chore, 
 tarifa, /. tariff, fare. 
 teatro, m. theatre. 
 telefonar, to telephone. 
 telefono, m. telephone. 
 telon, m. curtain. 
 temer, to fear. 
 
 temperatura, /. temperature, 
 temporada, /. season, sojourn, 
 
 stay. 
 
 temprano, early. 
 tenedor, fork; a de libros, 
 
 bookkeeper, 
 tener, app. 37, to have, hold; 
 
 iesas tenemos? is that 
 
 what's up? que, to have 
 
 to do a thing. 
 tercer, tercero, -a, third, 
 termino, m. term; medio, 
 
 middle class. 
 terreno, m. land, 
 terron, m. lump. 
 tertulia, /. afternoon or evening 
 
 party; balcony in a theatre 
 
 (Argentine). 
 
 tiempo, m. time, weather, 
 tierra, /. land, 
 tinta, /. ink. 
 
SPANISH-ENGLISH VOCABULARY 
 
 tipo, m. type. 
 
 tirano, -a, tyrannical. 
 
 tirar, to throw; de, to pull. 
 
 toalla,/. towel. 
 
 tocador, m. toilet table; arti- 
 
 culos de , toilet articles. 
 tocar, app. 4, to touch, play, 
 
 ring; en lo que toca a, as far 
 
 as ... is concerned. 
 todavia, still, yet. 
 todo, -a, all. &i -> *t ^ 
 toma, /. capture. 
 tomar, to take, get; billetes 
 
 en contaduria, see conta- 
 
 duria. 
 
 tomate, m. tomato, 
 tontamente, foolishly. 
 tonto, m. fool. 
 torre, /. tower, 
 tostar, to toast. 
 trabajador, m. worker, 
 trabajar, to work, 
 trabajo, m. work. 
 traducir, app. 38, to translate. 
 traer, app. 39, to fetch, bring. 
 traje, m. suit of clothes, 
 tranquilamente, quietly. 
 tranquilo, -a, quiet. 
 tranvia, m. tramway, street 
 
 car. 
 
 traspunte, m. prompter. 
 tratar, to treat, try; de, to 
 
 treat of, treat like; se de, 
 
 to be a question of. 
 travesura, /. prank, mischief; 
 
 meterse en s, to get into 
 
 mischief. 
 treinta, thirty. 
 
 tremendo, -a, tremendous, ex- 
 cessive, 
 tren, m. train, 
 tribu, /. tribe, 
 trigo, m. wheat. 
 
 tropezar, app. 14, to stumble, 
 
 strike against. 
 tropical, m. and f. tropical. 
 
 U 
 
 iuf! phew! 
 ultimo, -a, last, 
 un, una, a, an; pi. some, about. 
 unico, -a, only. 
 uniforme, m. uniform. 
 universidad, /. university. 
 uno, -a, one. 
 
 Uruguay, el Uruguay, m. Uru- 
 guay. 
 
 usar, to use, wear. 
 usted, you. 
 util, m. andf. useful. 
 uva, /. grape. 
 
 vacaci6n, /., pi. vacaciones, 
 
 vacation. 
 
 vagabundo, m. tramp. 
 vagar, app. 23, to wander; 
 
 por esos mundos, to travel all 
 
 over the world. 
 valer, app. 40, to be worth; 
 
 ivalgame Dios! Good 
 
 gracious! se de, to avail 
 
 one's self of; vale mas, it is 
 
 better. 
 
 valor, m. valor, bravery, 
 valle, m. valley. 
 vapor, m. steamship. 
 vara, /. yard (measure). 
 variado, -a, varied, 
 variedad, /. variety. 
 vario, -a, various. 
 vaso, m. glass. 
 vecindad, /. vicinity, 
 vecino, -a, neighbor. 
 vegetation, /. vegetation, 
 veinte, twenty. 
 
SPANISH-ENGLISH VOCABULARY 
 
 97 
 
 veintena, /. some twenty. 
 veintid6s, twenty-two. 
 veneciano, -a, Venetian. 
 venidero, -a, coming, future, 
 venir, app. 41, to come; eso me 
 
 viene al pelo, that suits me 
 
 toaT. 
 
 ventaja, /. advantage. 
 ventana, /. window. 
 ventanilla, /. ticket window, 
 
 car window. 
 ventilar, to ventilate. 
 ver, app. 42, to see; vamos a 
 
 , let's see. 
 verano, m. summer. 
 veras, /. pi. reality, truth; 
 
 ide ? really? 
 verbo, m. verb. 
 
 verdad, /. truth; es , it is 
 true; <Uio es ? is it not so? 
 verdadero, -a, true, real, 
 vergiienza,/. shame; me da, 
 
 I am ashamed; tener , 
 
 to be ashamed. 
 verso, m. verse, 
 vestir, se, app. 25, to dress. 
 vez, /. time, turn; otra , 
 
 once more, again; de en 
 
 cuando, from time to time; 
 
 raras veces, rarely. 
 viaje, m. voyage, trip, 
 vibration, /. vibration, 
 victima, /. victim. 
 vida, /. life. 
 
 viejo, -a, old. 
 
 viernes, m. Friday. 
 
 villa,/, town. 
 
 vino, m. wine. 
 
 visita, /. visit. 
 
 visitar, to visit. 
 
 vista, /. sight, view; hasta la 
 
 , so long, 
 vivir, to live. 
 
 voluntario, -a, voluntary, 
 volver, app. 43, to return; se, 
 
 become, get; a, do again, 
 votar, to vote, 
 vuelo, m. flight; echar a , see 
 
 echar. 
 vuelta,/. turn, return, exchange; 
 
 estar de , to be back. 
 
 y, and. 
 
 ya, already, now; que, now 
 that. 
 
 yanqui, m. andf. North Ameri- 
 can. 
 
 yo, I. 
 
 Z 
 
 zaga, /. rear; en , behind. 
 
 zanahoria, /. carrot. 
 
 zapador, m. sapper; bom- 
 
 bero, fireman. 
 zapato, m. shoe. 
 zarzuela, /. musical play. 
 Jzis, zas! biff, bang! 
 
ENGLISH-SPANISH VOCABULARY 
 
 (Contains only words that do not appear in the Spanish exercises.) 
 
 add, anadir. 
 almost, casi. 4$u\ 
 animal, animal, m. 
 ancient, antiguo, -a. 
 
 i malo -a; too , es las- 
 tima. 
 
 bed, cama, /. 
 believe, creer, app. 10. 
 besides, ademas de. 
 blue, azul, m. and f. 
 both, ambos, -as. 
 break, romper. 
 build, construir. 
 
 canal, canal, m. ; Panama Canal, 
 
 Canal de Panama, 
 carriage, coche, m. 
 cause, causa, /. 
 certain, cierto, -a. 
 chair, silla, /. 
 chicken, gallina, /. 
 child, nino, -a. 
 clothes, ropa, /. sing. 
 coat, jaqueta, /. , ^ 
 
 corner, esquina, /. . 
 couple, par, m. 
 cry, llorar. 
 
 dance, bailar. 
 deserve, merecer, app. 7. 
 dickens, diantre, m. 
 difference, diferencia, /. 
 distrust, desconfianza, /. 
 
 doctor, medico, m. 
 
 dress, vestir, vestirse, app. 25. 
 
 dress, vestido, m. 
 
 during, durante. 
 
 eat, comer, 
 egg, huevo, m. 
 empty, vacfo, -a. 
 enemy, enemigo, m. 
 Europe, Europa, /. 
 explain, explicar, app. 4. 
 expression, expresi6n, /. 
 
 
 famous, famoso, -a. 
 
 far, lejos. 
 
 feeling, sentimiento, m. 
 
 five, cinco; quarter past , 
 
 las cinco y cuarto. 
 flock, rebano, m. 
 follow, seguir, app. 34. 
 future, future, m. 
 furious, furioso, -a. 
 
 geography, geografia, /. ' 
 glove, guante, m. 
 go out, salir, app. 33. 
 
 hat, sombrero, m. 
 help, ayudar. 
 hen, gallina, /. 
 hotel, hotel, m. 
 however, sin embargo. 
 how many? dcuantos, -as? 
 
 98 
 
ENGLISH-SPANISH VOCABULARY 
 
 99 
 
 ignorance, ignorancia, /. 
 ill, enfermo, -a. 
 impatient, impaciente, m. andf. 
 important, importante, m. andf. 
 
 lady, seiiora, /. 
 later, ms tarde. 
 laugh, reir, app. 31. 
 lawyer, abogado, m. 
 leave, dejar. 
 lesson, Iecci6n, /. 
 letter, carta,/. 
 lif e, vida, /. 
 
 master, dueno, m. 
 matter, asunto, m. 
 meat, carne, /. 
 money, dinero, m. 
 morning, manana, /. 
 
 night, noche,/.; last , anoche. 
 north, norte, m. 
 novel, novela, /. 
 now, ahora. 
 
 once, una vez. 
 only, unico, -a. 
 orange, naranja, /. 
 order, orden,/. 
 
 pale, palido, -a. 
 
 pay, pagar, app. 23: 
 
 peculiar, extrano, -a. 
 
 perish, perecer, app. 7. 
 
 permit, permitir. 
 
 place, lugar, m. 
 
 please, hacer el favor de, tener 
 
 la bondad de. 
 poor, pobre, m. andf. 
 popular, popular, m. and f. 
 punish, castigar, app. 23. 
 
 rather, bast ante. 
 read, leer, app. 10. 
 
 
 really, verdaderamente. 
 recognize, reconocer, app. 7. 
 refrain, abstenerse de, app. j 
 remedy, remedio, m. 
 right, derecho, m. 
 ruin, ruina, /. 
 
 sad, triste, m. and f. 
 
 satisfied, contento, -a. 
 
 Saturday, sabado, m. 
 
 save, ahorrar. 
 
 schoolroom, sala, /., de clase. 
 
 scold, reriir, app. 25. 
 
 seriously, seriamente. 
 
 servant, criado, -a. 
 
 several, varies, -as. 
 
 shout, gritar. 
 
 show, ensenar, mostrar. 
 
 sixteen, dieciseis. 
 
 small, pequeno, -a. 
 
 somewhat, algo. 
 
 Spaniard, espanol. 
 
 state, estado, m. 
 
 stay, quedar. 
 
 stout, grueso, -a. 
 
 street, calle, /. 
 
 strength, fuerza, /. 
 
 struggle, luchar. 
 
 suffice, bastar. 
 
 suit, convenir, app. 41. 
 
 sun, sol, m. 
 
 surely, seguramente. 
 
 take, llevar. 
 
 talent, capacidad, /. 
 
 teacher, maestro, -a, profesor, 
 
 -ra. 
 
 tell, decir, app. 12. 
 that, pr. eso. 
 thin, delgado, -a. 
 truth, verdad, /. 
 Tuesday, martes, m. 
 twenty, veinte. 
 
100 ENGLISH-SPANISH VOCABULARY 
 
 twenty-one, veintiuno, vein- waiter, mozo, m. 
 tiun. walk, paseo, m. 
 
 watch, reloj, m. 
 usually, generalmente, en ge- west) oestCj w 
 
 nera l- window, ventana, /. 
 
 vex,enojar. work, trabajar. 
 
ADVERTISEMENTS 
 
Ibeatb's /IDo&ern Xanguage Series 
 
 SPANISH. 
 
 ^ Alarcon's El Capitan Veneno (Ford). Vocabulary. 50 cts. 
 
 Alarcon's Novelas Cortas Escogidas (Remy). Vocabulary. 50 cts. 
 Asensi's Victoria y otros cuentos (Ingraham) Vocabulary. 50 cts. 
 
 * A Trip to South America (Waxman). K)0 cts. 
 4 Bransby's Spanish Reader. 75 cts. 
 
 .: Caballero's Un Servilon y un Liberalito (Bransby). Vocabulary. 50 cts. 
 
 Cervantes's Don Quijote (Ford). Selections. Vocabulary. 80 cts. 
 ^ Cuentos Castellanos (Carter and Malloy). Vocabulary. 60 cts 
 
 Cuentos Modernos (DeHaan and Morrison). Vocabulary. 60 cts. 
 + Echegaray's O Locura 6 Santidad (Geddes and Josselyn). 40 cts. 
 J Ford's Exercises in Spanish Composition. 30 cts. 
 
 Galdos's Marianela (Geddes and Josselyn). Vocabulary. 90 cts. 
 
 Gutierrez's El Trovador (Vaughan). Vocabulary. 40 cts. 
 
 * Hills and Ford's Spanish Grammar. $1.25. 
 Ingraham-Edgren Spanish Grammar. $1.10. 
 
 * Introduction a la lengua castellana (Marion and des Garennes). 90 cts. 
 Lecturas Modernas (Downer and Ellas). Vocabulary. 60 cts. 
 Matzke's Spanish Reader. 90 cts. 
 
 Nunez de Arce's El Haz de Lena (Schevill). 65 cts. 
 
 Padre Isla's Lesage's Gil Bias (Geddes and Josselyn). Vocabulary. 90 cts. 
 
 Quinteros* Dona Clarines and Mariana de Sol (Morley). Vocab. 50 cts. 
 
 Remy's Spanish Composition. 60 cts . 
 
 Spanish Anecdotes (Giese). Vocabulary. 60 cts. 
 
 Spanish Short Stories (Hills and Reinhardt). Vocabulary. $1.00. 
 
 Taboada's Cuentos Alegres (Potter). Vocabulary. 50 cts. 
 
 Tamayo's Lo Positive (Harry and De Salvio). Vocabulary. 45 cts. 
 
 Valdes's Capitan Ribot (Morrison and Churchman). Vocabulary. 90 cts. 
 
 Valdes's Jose (Davidson). Vocabulary. 90 cts. 
 
 Valera's Pepita Jimenez (Lincoln). Vocabulary. 90 cts. 
 
 Whittem and Andrade's Commercial Correspondence. 00 cts 
 
 Ybarra's Practical Method in Spanish. Retail price, $1.00. 
 
 ITALIAN. 
 
 Bowen's Italian Reader. 90 cts. 
 Dante's Divina Commedia (Grandgent). $2.25. 
 Fogazzaro's Pereat Rochus (De Salvio). Vocabulary. 40 cts. 
 Goldoni's II vero Amico (Geddes and Josselyn). Vocabulary. 40 cts. 
 Goldoni's La Locandiera (Geddes and Josselyn). Vocabulary. 40 cts. 
 Goldoni's Un Curioso Accidente (Ford). 30 cts. 
 Grandgent's Italian Composition. 50 cts. 
 Grandgent's Italian Grammar. $1.00. 
 
 Italian Short Stories (Wilkins and Altrocchi). Vocabulary. 60 cts. 
 Manzoni's I promessi sposi (Geddes and Wilkins) . Vocabulary. 60 cts. 
 
foeatb's flDo&ern ^Language Series 
 
 FRENCH GRAMMARS, READERS, ETC. 
 
 Anecdotes Faciles (Super). 25 cts. 
 
 Blanchaud's Progressive French Idioms. 60 cts. 
 
 Bouvet's Exercises in French Syntax and Composition. 75 cts. 
 
 Bowen's First Scientific French Reader. 90 cts. 
 
 Bruce's Dictees Francaises. 30 cts. 
 
 Bruce's Grammaire Francaise. $1.15. 
 
 Bruce's Lectures Faciles. 60 cts. 
 
 Capus's Pour Charmer nos Petits. 50 cts. 
 
 Chapuzet and Daniel's Mes Premiers Pas en Francais. 60 cts. 
 
 Clarke's Subjunctive Mood. An inductive treatise, with exercises. 50 cts. 
 
 Comfort's Exercises in French Prose Composition. 30 cts. 
 
 Davies's Elementary Scientific French Reader. 40 cts. 
 
 Edgren's Compendious French Grammar. $1.15. Part I, 35 cts. 
 
 Fontaine's En France. 90 cts. 
 
 Fontaine's Lectures Courantes. $1.00. 
 
 Fontaine's Livre de Lecture et de Conversation. 90 cts. 
 
 Fraser and Squair's Abridged French Grammar. $1.10. 
 
 Fraser and Squair's Complete French Grammar. $1.15. 
 
 Fraser and Squair's Shorter French Course. $1.10. 
 
 French Anecdotes (Giese and Cool) . 40 cts. 
 
 French Verb Blank (Fraser and Squair) . 30 cts. 
 
 Grandgent's Essentials of French Grammar. $1.00. 
 
 Grandgent's French Composition. 50 cts. 
 
 Grandgent's Materials for French Composition. Each, 12 cts. 
 
 Grandgent's Short French Grammar. 75 cts. 
 
 Heath's French Dictionary. Retail price, $1.50. 
 
 Benin's Methode. 50 cts. 
 
 Hotchkiss's Le Premier Livre de Francais. 35 cts. 
 
 Knowles and Favard's Grammaire de la Conversation. $0.00. 
 
 Mansion's Exercises in French Composition. 60 cts. 
 
 Mansion's First Year French. For young beginners. 50 cts. 
 
 Meras' Le Petit Vocabulaire. 20 cts. 
 
 Pattou's Causeries en France. 70 cts. 
 
 Pellisaer's Idiomatic French Composition. $1.00. 
 
 Perfect French Possible (Knowles and Favard). 35 cts. 
 
 Prisoners of the Temple (Guerber). For French Composition. 25 cts. 
 
 Roux's Lessons in Grammar and Composition, based on Colombo.. 18 cts. 
 
 Schenck's French Verb Forms. 20 cts. 
 
 Snow and Lebon's Easy French. 60 cts. 
 
 Story of Cupid and Psyche (Guerber). For French Composition. 18 cts. 
 
 Super's Preparatory French Reader. 70 cts. 
 
foeatb's /iDo&ern ^Language Series 
 
 ELEMENTARY FRENCH TEXTS. 
 
 Assolant's Recits dela Vieille France. Notes by E. B. Wauton. 25 cts. 
 
 Berthet's Le Pacte de Famine (Dickinson). 25 cts. 
 
 Bruno's Les Enfants Patriotes (Lyon). Vocabulary. 25 cts. 
 
 Bruno's Tour de la France par deux Enfants (Fontaine). Vocabulary. 45 cts. 
 
 Claretie's Pierrille (Francois). Vocab. and exs. 40 cts. 
 
 Daudet's Trois Contes Choisis (Sanderson) . Vocabulary. 20 cts. 
 
 Desnoyers' Jean-Paul Choppart (Fontaine). Vocab. and exs. 40 cts. 
 
 Enault's Le Chien du Capitaine (Fontaine). Vocabulary. 35 cts. 
 
 Erckmann-Chatrian's Le Consent de 1813 (Super). Vocabulary. 45 cts. 
 
 Erckmann-Chatrian's L'Histoire d'un Paysan (Lyon). 25 cts. 
 
 Erckmann-Chatrian's Le Juif Polonais (Manley). Vocabulary. 30 cts. 
 
 Erckmann-Chatrian's Madame Therese (Manley). Vocabulary. 40 cts. 
 
 Fabliaux et Contes du Moyen Age (Mansion). Vocabulary. 40 cts. 
 
 France's Abeille (Lebon). 25 cts. 
 
 French Fairy Tales (Joynes). Vocabulary and exercises. 35 cts. 
 
 French Plays for Children (Spink). Vocabulary. 35 cts. 
 
 Gervais's Un Cas de Conscience (Horsley). Vocabulary. 25 cts. 
 
 La Bedolliere's La Mere Michel et son Chat (Lyon). Vocabulary. 30 cts. 
 
 Labiche's La Grammaire (Levi). Vocabulary. 25 cts. 
 
 Labiche's La Poudre aux Yeux (Wells). Vocabulary. 30 cts. 
 
 Labiche's Le Voyage de M. Perrichon (Wells). Vocab. and exs. 30 cts. 
 
 Laboulaye's Contes Bleus (Fontaine). Vocabulary. 35 cts. 
 
 La Main Malheureuse (Guerber). Vocabulary. 25 cts. 
 
 Laurie's Memoires d'un Collegien (Super). Vocab. and exs. 50 cts. 
 
 Legouve and Labiche's Cigale chezles Fourmis (Witherby). 20 cts. 
 
 Lemaitre, Contes (Rensch). Vocabulary. 30 cts. 
 
 Mairet's La Tache du Petit Pierre (Super). Vocab. and exs. 35 cts. 
 
 Maistre's La Jeune Siberienne (Fontaine). Vocab. and exs. 30 cts. 
 
 Malot's Sans Famille (Spiers). Vocabulary and exercises. 40 cts. 
 
 Meilhac and Halevy's L'Ete de la St. Martin (Francois) Vocab. 25 cts. 
 
 Moinaux's Les deux Sourds (Spiers). Vocabulary. 25 cts. 
 
 Muller's Grandes Decouvertes Modernes. Vocabulary. 25 cts. 
 
 Recits de Guerre et de Revolution (Minssen). Vocabulary. 25 cts. 
 
 Recits Historiques (Moffett). Vocabulary and exercises. 45 cts. 
 
 Saintine's Picciola (Super). Vocabulary. 45 cts. 
 
 Segur's Les Malheurs de Sophie (White). Vocab. and exs. 45 cts. 
 
 Selections for Sight Translation (Bruce). 15 cts. 
 
 Verne's L'Expedition de la Jeune Hardie (Lyon) . Vocabulary. 30 cts. 
 
fceatb's /iDo&ern ^Language Series 
 
 INTERMEDIATE FRENCH TEXTS. (Partial List.) 
 
 - About's Le Roi des Montagnes (Logic). 40 cts. With vocab. 50 cts. 
 About's La Mere de'. a Marquise (Brush). Vocabulary. 40 cts. 
 Balzac: Cinq Scenes de la Comedie Humaine (Wells). Glossary. 55 cts. 
 
 - Balzac's Eugenie Grande t (Spiers). Vocabulary. 55 cts. 
 Balzac's Le Cure de Tours (Super). Vocabulary. 30 cts. 
 Chateaubriand's Atala (Kuhns). Vocabulary. 35 cts. 
 
 Contes des Romanciers Naturalistes (Dow and Skinner). Vocab. 55 cts. 
 
 - Daudet's La Belle-Nivernaise (Boielle). Vocabulary. 30 cts. 
 Daudet's Le Petit Chose (Super). Vocabulary. 40 cts. 
 Daudet's Tartarin de Tarascon (Hawkins). Vocabulary. 45 cts. 
 Dumas's Due de Beaufort (Kitchen). Vocabulary. 30 cts. 
 Dumas's La Question d' Argent (Henning) . Vocabulary. 40 cts. 
 
 *- Dumas's La Tulipe Noire (Fontaine). 40 cts. With vocabulary. 50 cts. 
 IT Dumas's Les Trois Mousquetaires (Spiers). Vocabulary. 45 cts. 
 
 Dumas's Monte-Cristo (Spiers). Vocabulary. 40 cts. 
 
 Feuillet's Roman d'unjeune homme pauvre (Bruner). Vocabulary. 55 cts. 
 
 Gautier's Voyage en Espagne (Steel). 30 cts. 
 
 Greville's Dosia (Hamilton). Vocabulary. 45 cts. 
 
 Hugo's Bug Jargal (Boielle). 40 cts. 
 
 Hugo's La Chute. From Les Miser ables (Huss). Vocabulary. 30 cts. 
 
 Hugo's Quatre-vingt-treize (Fontaine). Vocabulary. 50 cts. 
 
 Labiche's La Cagnotte (Farnsworth). 30 cts. 
 
 La Brete's Mon Oncle et mon Cure (Colin). Vocabulary. 45 cts. 
 
 Lamartine's Graziella (Warren). 40 cts. 
 
 Lamartine's Jeanne d'Arc (Barrere). Vocabulary. 35 cts. 
 
 Lamartine's Scenes de la Revolution Francaise (Super). Vocab. 40 cts. 
 
 Lesage's Gil Bias (Sanderson). 45 cts. 
 
 Maupassant: Huit Contes Choisis (White). Vocabulary. 35 cts. 
 
 Michelet: Extraits del'histoire de France (Wright). 35 cts. 
 
 Musset: Trois Comedies (McKenzie). 30 cts. 
 
 Sarcey's Le Siege de Paris (Spiers). Vocabulary. 45 cts. 
 
 Taine's L'Ancien Regime (Giese). Vocabulary. 65 cts. 
 
 Theuriet's Bigarreau (Fontaine). Vocab. and exercises. 35 cts. 
 
 Tocqueville's Voyage en Amerique (Ford). Vocabulary. 40 cts. 
 
 Vigny's Cinq-Mars (Sankey). Abridged. 60 cts. 
 
 Vigny's Le Cachet Rouge (Fortier). 25 cts. 
 
 Vigny's La Canne de Jonc (Spiers). 40 cts. 
 
 Voltaire's Zadig (Babbitt). Vocabulary. 45 cts. 
 
ON THE FOURTH 
 
 SEVENTH 
 
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY 
 
 Sad'-