UC-N REESE LIBRARY . OF .11 IK UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA. \Toface Title-page. DUBLIN UNIVERSITY PRESS SERIES. THE HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF DUBLIN, FROM ITS FOUNDATION TO THE END OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY; an ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS WHICH, FOR THE MOST PART, ARE PRESERVED IN THE COLLEGE, OF THR BY ^ JOHN WILLIAM STUBBS, D.D., SENIOR FELLOW OF TRINITY COLLEGE. DUBLIN : HODGES, FIGGIS, & CO., GRAFTON-STREET. LONDON: LONGMANS, GREEN, & CO., PATERNOSTER-ROW. 1889. % t+6 ^ DUBLIN : PRINTED AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS, BY PON8ONBY AND WELDRICK. UNIVERSITY PEEFACE, THE History of the University of Dublin, compiled from the original documents belonging to Trinity College, has hitherto never been written. At the suggestion of Primate Ussher, Bishop Bedell, when Provost, made some efforts towards an account of the foundation of the College, but he failed to procure some of the original letters of Queen Elizabeth and other early documents which he required; and unfortunately the transcripts which he made of Chaloner's papers have been lost. Provost Hutchinson made some progress in collecting materials for a history of the University, but the design was never carried out. Dr. Barrett also collected and copied out a large number of original documents of great interest, and even commenced to write a history; but his researches were confined very much to the condition of the College in the seventeenth century. His papers, which have been written with little regard to order, but which manifest a great amount of research, have been preserved in the Muniment Room of the College. His labours, however, have not been altogether in vain, for without the materials which he collected and left in manuscript, the valuable information which was contained iu the earlier volumes of the DUBLIN UNIVERSITY CALENDAR iv Preface. could not have been given to the public. The present author has derived much advantage from Dr. Barrett's researches, which directed him to the study of the original documents and of printed books, which throw considerable light on the early history of the College. Some of the early letters which were wanting in Bedell's time have been supplied from the Smith Manuscript collections in the Bodleian Library, where they were copied by the late Dr. Todd, and his transcripts have been used by the author of the following History. Considerable assistance towards a full understanding of the condition of the College in the last half of the eighteenth century was afforded by the manuscript papers of Bishop Elrington, which are at present preserved in the College Muniment Boom. The author must also express his acknowledgments to CHARLES H. TODD, ESQ., LL.D., for his permission to consult the manuscripts which Provost Hutchinson had left behind him, and which contain a large amount of information as to the stirring events which happened in Trinity College during his Provostship. The collections which Provost Hutchinson had made of materials bearing on the early part of the last century did not come into the author's hands until after the first eleven chapters of this work had been printed ; but any additional information which they contain has been embodied in the notes. These papers of Provost Hutchinson, however, were highly valuable to the author in writing the transactions of the last half of the eighteenth century, inasmuch as he had before him at the same time the papers of the Provost and those of Bishop Elrington and some of the other Fellows of the period ; and in this way he was enabled to compare the statements and the Preface. v arguments of both the parties to the great internal dissensions of Provost Hutchinson's time. The College Eegister* in some places gives very full and important information, and it has been in these cases largely used ; but in the great majority of instances the entries refer merely to elections and leases, and there is no mention of a considerable number of important changes which took place in the College during the last century. A large amount of useful information has been derived from the quarterly accounts of expenditure which remain in the Bursar's Office ; and also from a curious book of receipts of different sums by the Bursar in the middle of the seven- teenth century. These documents have not hitherto been examined. The records of Admissions and Examinations in the Senior Lecturer's books, and of Degrees in the books of the Proctor, have also been carefully and constantly consulted ; and also some curious memoranda of Dr. Chaloner and others, which are preserved among the Ussher manuscripts. The author has made considerable use of Dr. Todd's interesting matter which is prefixed to the " Catalogue of Graduates." As one of the objects which the author had in view in writing this History was to collect the information given in the original documents, and to enable the public to form a just opinion of the circumstances of the early history of the * The book in which the records of the proceedings of the Board are contained was invariably, but incorrectly, called the Eegistry in the written documents of the College up to the present century : hence the use of this word in the first sixty- four pages of the present work. vi Preface. College, he has thought it advisable to add in an Appendix the most important of these papers, the great majority of which have never before been printed. The letters connected with the times of Provost Temple and of Provost Bedell have been given in full, in order that the character of the Fellows of the College in those days may be vindicated from the aspersions which have been cast upon them. The History of Trinity College is brought down in the present work only to the beginning of the nineteenth century, because the foundation of the present greatness of the College had been at that time well established, while the details of the earlier College history were likely to be forgotten and lost. At the same time the enormous progress which learning of every kind has made in the College during the last sixty years, and the immense improvements which have been introduced into every department of the studies of the University during that period, would well form the materials for a separate volume. The author has to express his great obligations to SIR ROBERT S. BALL for his trouble in reading over the proofs, and in making many useful suggestions. TRINITY COLLEGE, DUBLIN, November, 1889. CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. ATTEMPTS AT THE FOUNDATION OF A UNIVERSITY IN DUBLIN PRIOR TO THE FOUNDATION OF TRINITY COLLEGE. De Bicknor's University University at Drogheda Sir John Perrot's Scheme, Pages 1-4 CHAPTER II. THE FOUNDATION OF TRINITY COLLEGE. Site of the Monastery of All Hallows Charter of Queen Elizabeth Founda- tion of the College laid Contributions to the Building-fund Description of the Elizabethan College Pecuniary difficulties College accounts Financial struggles Early University action, . . . Pages 6-17 CHAPTER III. Provost Travers Provost Alvey Early College Lectures Irish printing in the College Luke Chaloner Archdeacon Henry Ussher College expen- diture Early College punishments, ..... Pages 18-26 CHAPTER IV. TRINITY COLLEGE FROM THE ACCESSION OF JAMES I. TO THE RESTORATION. Provost Temple Charges brought against him First institution of Senior Fellows Religious education of the Students College estates in Ulster Sir James Hamilton's offer to take a fee-farm grant of the Ulster estates Opposition of the Fellows to this arrangement Charges against the Provost Proposed supplementary Charters Regulce Universitatis Ussher's change of views with respect to the grant of Ulster lands Plan of foundation of Fellows and Scholars proposed by Provost Temple Chaloner's rival plan Native places of the Students in 1620 Studies viii Contents. enjoined by the College Statutes in Temple's time Requirements of the University Statutes for admission to Degrees Formalities observed at Commencements Caput Senatus Academici Parliamentary representation granted by James I. Grant of College benefices Sir William Temple's death Dispute as to the election of his successor in the Provostship Provost Bedell Bedell's Statutes Charges against the Vice-Provost * Result of the Visitation Deficiency in the accounts Promotion of the study of Irish by Bedell His Registry Bishop Richardson Election of Dr. Robert Ussher as successor to Bedell in the Provostship Promotion of the study of the Irish language Kildare Hall and Hall in Bridge- street Dissensions in the College Laud elected to the office of Chan- cellor Ussher's letter to Laud Provost Chappel Strafford's interference at College Parliamentary elections Dispute as to the co-option of a Senior Fellow Chappel' s illegal alteration of the Statutes Reference to Laud and his opinion on the matter Provost Chappel' s appointment to the Bishopric of Cork Chappel's eminence as a Logician The Caroline Statutes drawn up by Laud The reception of these new Statutes by the College Nature of the additional Charter and Royal Statutes Strafford's disciplinary enactments New buildings in the College Inquiry by a Committee of the House of Commons Revenues of the College in 1636 Provost ^Vashington The ancient College plate Sale of the plate to relieve the College distress Collection in England Expulsion of Richard Coghlan, a Fellow Faithful Tate Bishop Martin appointed Provost Winter appointed by the Parliamentary party First Professor of Mathe- matics Henry Cromwell's order as to the observance of religious duties by the Students Dr. Stearne Winter's care of the College estates He leaves the College His iestimonium of the D.D. degree The Fellows during the Commonwealth Sources of the early College Statutes " Commonplaces," ........ Pages 27-98 CHAPTER V. FROM THE RESTORATION TO THE REVOLUTION. Fellows appointed at the Restoration Provost Seele Dr. Stearne Founda- tion of the College of Physicians Trinity Hall Bishop Jeremy Taylor Narrow circumstances of the College Seele's exertions as Provost Additions to the College Library Valuation of the Munster estates Distribution of Entrance fees Provost Ward Provost Marsh Irish Services in the College Chapel Erection of a new Chapel and Hall Consecration of the Chapel Provost Huntingdon King James II. writes to the College to elect Greene Address from the College to the King The King's mandate to the College to elect Doyle a Fellow Doyle's moral character Pretended plot to murder Tyrconnell Sale of the Col- lege plate Purchase of an estate from the proceeds Retrenchment of College expenses The College seized by King James's troops The Fellows and Scholars ejected Petition of the Roman Catholic Bishops Return of the Fellows and Scholars Provost St. George Ashe Celebra- tion of the first Centenary of the College, .... Pages 99-138 Contents. ix CHAPTEE VI. and struggling days with corn and provisions from his farm in the above locality. He was married to a member of the Ussher family, for his wife's mother's maiden name was Eleanor Ussher, and he had an only daughter Phoebe Chaloner, who was * From his own memorandum it appears that prior to 1607 he had preached not fewer than 1428 sermons, of which number 379 were on the book of Genesis. He spent seven years in preaching on that book, mostly on Fridays. On St. Matthew's Gospel he spent five years in preaching on Sunday Afternoons 210 sermons. He preached in St. John's Church 147 sermons on the Psalms ; on the Commandments and Lord's Prayer 46 sermons, and on the Body of Religion 67 sermons in a-year and a-half . 24 Archdeacon Henry Ussher. afterwards married to Archbishop James Ussher. Chaloner was also the negotiator with Burleigh as to the grant of lands and other assistance from Queen Elizabeth to the support of the College. He appears to have been absent in England for six months on College business on this occasion. We find that in December, 1596, the following resolution was passed by the College : "It is agreed, by the consent of the Provost and Fellows of Trinity College Dublin, that Mr. Lucas Chaloner, one of the Fellows of the said College, by Her Majesty's Charter, notwithstanding his residences and dwelling in the city, in regard of his great travail and care for the good of the said society, from the beginning and foundation of it unto this present, and sundry other good considerations moving us thereunto, shall be allowed henceforth his diet at the College charges whenever he shall think fit to take it in the College, and further 20 per annum to be paid quarterly as by other of the Fellows of the said society. " (Signed) " WALTER TBAVERS, Provost. " JAMES FULLERTON. "JAMES HAMILTON." On the same day Hamilton's allowance was made 20 a- year, his diet being part thereof. Chaloner died April 27, 1613, and was buried in the College Chapel. We find in the College accounts that incense was used at his funeral. Another of the Fellows named in the Charter was Henry Ussher, Archdeacon of Dublin, and afterwards Primate of Ireland. He had received his education partly at Cambridge and partly at Paris. In July, 1572, he settled in University College, Oxford, and was there incorporated B.A. from Cambridge. He, by great exertions in London, procured the Charter from Queen Elizabeth. Of Monie, the third Fellow at the foundation, we know that he was a member of the Chapter of Christ Church Cathedral, and was at the time prebendary of St. Michan's. It does not appear that he took much part in the work of the College, and resigned probably in 1594, along with Henry Ussher, for about that time the Fellows seem to have been James Fullerton, James Hamilton, William Daniel, and Early College Expenditure. 25 Luke Chaloner. Hamilton took a very considerable part in the work of the College until the death of Elizabeth, when he went over to London to meet James, was knighted, and was by his influence with the king the means of obtaining for the College the grant of the Ulster lands. He was afterwards raised to the peerage under the title of Viscount Clandeboye, and he appears himself to have got considerable grants of land in Ulster. He died in 1643. Fullerton was also afterwards knighted, and was ultimately attached to the court of James, and sent as Ambassador to France. In 1599, Luke Chaloner, Charles Dunn, James Ussher, and George Lee, were the Fellows. We find in the early College accounts some interesting items of expenditure. In 1600, Mr. Doctor Chaloner disbursed for the commencements on Shrove Tuesday, for six gowns for six masters, 17 Os. 3d. ; three gowns for sophisters, 3 6s. Od. Mr. "Ware for the College dinner, 18 6s. Sd. At that time the University beadle had no mace, and we find a collection made to purchase one, at a cost of 11 19s. Qd. To this Mr. Ambrose Ussher, Mr. Moulton, and Mr. Hall, contributed 20s. ; Sir Lally, Sir Egerton, Sir Pillen, Sir Birde, Sir Frythe, and Sir Philips, Sir Robinson, Sir Groldburne, Sir Ankers, 45s.; Smith and Bouchier, 5s. each. In 1608, we find the first instance of commencement fees. The receipts were : from two doctors, 40s., four bachelors of divinity, 13s. 4d. ; nine masters, 3; seven bachelors of arts, 35s. The overplus was paid for whitening at the commencement,* and lining the Chapel and Hall, part of a chair for the Hall, for lime and stopping up holes in the windows, and there was an addition made from the College funds of the balance of the cost of the chair. The beadle's stipend was 10s. a-quarter. The Dean was allowed 40s. in the March quarter of 1609. Mr. King was paid 40s. for ministering the Communion, and being Dean ; bread and wine for the * In 1611 there was a charge of disbursments for the scaffolding at commence- ments, 7 Us. \d. ; for borrowing the cushion at St. Patrick's, 3*,, do. at Christ Church, 1*. 26 Early College Punishments. Communion 14d, and in the next quarter three quarts of wine 18d. ; seeds for the garden, viz. carrot, turnip, parsnip, parsley, spinach, cabbage, onion, leek, and radish, 38s. 2d. ; women and men weeding the garden, three weeks at Qd. per day. The College gardener was paid 20s. per quarter; the cook's wages was 7s. per week; the cook was paid in advance for four weeks' commons for seven Fellows, at the rate altogether of 9s. a-week, 36s. ; and for three weeks' commons for twenty-seven scholars, at 15s. 9d. per week in all, 2 7s. 3d. Seven lecturers (or readers) were paid 16 16s. Sd. per quarter altogether; the library keeper, lls. 3d. ; washing, 6s. 6d. ; the porter, 13s. The total quarters' payments for salaries in June, 1610, was 20 19s. 4d. We find a charge for mowing down the quadrangle, the yard, the orchard, and other places, 3s. ; mowing both the courts, one day's work, Is. 8d. ; an old scythe, Is. 4d. In the records of the early days of the College, we find that the students were punished for the following offences : (1) Lodging in town ; (2) Eesorting to ale-houses (for this offence they were punished with the rod) ; (3) Absence from catechising and sermon ; (4) Omitting declamations ; (5) Playing at cards in the porter's lodging in the steeple ; (6) Climbing the college walls ; (7) A public whipping, at the hour of corrections, for break- ing the Provost's windows ; (8) A student fined 25s. for stealing half a hogshead of the Provost's strong beer, through Sir Wilson's study wall being broken ; (9) Made to sit in the stocks at supper-time, for fighting with weapons ; (10) A master of arts was expelled for " having a bastard of a wicked woman at Finglas." CHAPTER IV. TRINITY COLLEGE FROM THE ACCESSION OF JAMES I. TO THE RESTORATION. AFTER Alvey had resigned the Provostship in 1609 the Fellows offered the post to James Ussher, and, on his declining it, they elected William Temple, LL.D., of King's College, Cambridge, a layman, who had held an office at the Court under the Earl of Essex, and who was probably recommended to them by the Chancellor of the University, Sir Eobert Cecil, afterwards Earl of Salisbury. He was sworn on the 14th of November in that year. At first the salary of the Provost is not specified, but on the 9th of March, 1611, it was fixed at 100 sterling, current money of England, as a first charge upon all the income of the College. A Lecturership of 40 a-year in Christ Church, and paid by the Government, had been added to Alvey's salary, but this was not available for Temple, and the duty and income of this office was in his time divided among the Senior Fellows. When he became Provost he found the Fellows to be four in number and the Scholars twenty- eight. By his wise management of the College revenues he increased the number of the former to sixteen and that of the latter to seventy, and this within five years after his appointment. Early in his Provostship we find the College offices to be placed upon a fixed basis, and to have been arranged in a manner which has continued to the present day. These were a Bursar, two Deans, a Catechist, a Professor of Theological Controversies,* seven Lecturers in Humanity, an Auditor, a Keeper of the Library, a Collector of Rents in Munster, a Bedell of the University, and sundry inferior officers. * Now the llegius Professor of Divinity, 28 Charges against Temple. Three years after Temple became Provost he was involved in a dispute which was not unusual in Puritan times. It appears that Abbot, who was then Archbishop of Canterbury, wrote to the Lord Chancellor of Ireland (February 25, 1613) to state that the King had been informed that the Provost and Fellows of Trinity College had refused to attend the Chapel services on Sundays and holidays in their surplices. He commanded them in the King's name and by his authority to conform to the laws and decent regulations of the realm, upon pain of losing their places. In reply Temple appears to have sent two petitions offering reasons why the use of the surplice should not be required of him 1. He was a Lay and not an Ecclesiastical person, and he cited several precedents for such an excuse, namely, Sir John Cheeke, Provost of King's College, Cambridge, Sir Thomas Smith, Sir Henry Saville, Provost of Eton, and others. 2. He asserted that in the College Chapel the use of the surplice had been adopted by Students preparing for the ministry of the Church. 3. He argued that rules which were obligatory on the Students were not binding upon the Provost, as he was their Governor, and should no more be obliged to use the surplice than to perform the scholastic exercises required of the Students. 4. He asserted that Masters of the English Colleges who were Laymen wore the surplice in conformity with the local Statutes of their Colleges or Universities and not in consequence of the regular and established order of the Church of England. 5. He stated that when he held an official post in England, under the Earl of Essex, he always held the Bishops in great respect, and that he was the means of advancing several of them to their preferments, and, moreover, that he did many services to King James during Elizabeth's reign. 6. He states that of late he has used the surplice and the Book of Com- mon Prayer, although he would not object to resign his place in Dublin. Previous to this complaint of Abbot, Temple had gone to England on the 22nd of June, 1611, and remained there until August, 1612. In this period he had an opportunity of using his influence with the King to have the College allowance which was granted by Elizabeth continued and made perpetual. For these services, and because the Fellows of the College at that time held that Temple had postponed his own private advan- Senior Fellows First Instituted. 29 tage to the good of the College ; and also to reimburse to him the charges of two journeys to Cambridge on College business ; we find that he was allowed for his expenses on August 8, 1612, 100, and on the 12th of the following December, 120. It was in Temple's time that the first distinction between Senior and Junior Fellows appears to have been made. He tells us that he divided the Fellows into seven Senior and nine Junior (four of whom were Probationers), and he placed the Grovern- ment of the College in the hands of the former. The Letters Patent of Elizabeth gave power to the Provost and Fellows to make such Statutes as were not inconsistent with the terms of the Charter ; and in conformity with this power Temple appears to have drawn up the first body of Statutes. The Eegistry re- cords that on the 7th March, 1610, Ambrose Ussher, Anthony Martin, John Egerton, Thomas Pull en, and "William Bird, were sworn and admitted into the full right and benefit of Fellows. These were probably the first Seniors, and they subscribe the Act of 9th March, 1610, which approves of the Statutes. These were afterwards submitted to Archbishop Abbot, who was made Chancellor in 1612, and obtained his sanction. Temple, who was educated at Cambridge, and familiar with the usages of that University, no doubt, based his Statutes on those which prevailed there. He probably, in drawing up the University, as distinguished from the College Statutes, followed closely the Cambridge regulations. We gather that he was anxious to obtain two distinct Charters one for the University and the other for the College and for this purpose he was sent to England by the Fellows, and was by their orders allowed 13s. a-day for his expenses as often as he took a journey from London to the Court, and 8s. a-day when he was not travelling. He was allowed for his expenses from Chester to London and back again 4, over and above 8s. a-day. That Temple was not indifferent to the religious instruction of the students may be gathered from some entries in the Col- lege Eegistry. On August 8, 1612, we find that " Mr. Chapell of Christ's College, Cambridge, was entertained in the College, 30 Religions Education of the Students. as Dean and Catechist to have his diet and 20 sterling per annum," and it was arranged that the same sum should be given to one of the Fellows for discharging like services " December 12, 1612. Mr. Martin as Senior Dean to have 4 per annum, and Mr. Doimellan 3: Mr. Martin to read a lecture on the Body of Divinity, once a fortnight in Terra, and out of Term, and to have for his pains 10 per annum and his Commons, and 8 for his Mathematical Lecture. " November 15, 1613. Mr. Martin to supply the place of Catechist, and perform that service once each week throughout the year, expounding one week some particulars of the Catechism, and examining the week following his Auditors, the Scholars of the House, upon the same as formerly ex- pounded, and that he should, within the compass of one year, expound and handle all the heads of the Catechism, and that he receive for this twenty marks per annum." The defective school education of the early students may be gathered from the following entry : "January 11, 1614-15. Mr. Donnellan, Junr., to teach such students as are insufficient and raw in the Latin and Greek Grammar publicly in the Chapel, and to be allowed 10 per annum ; and if at the end of the year it should appear that the benefit of his employment does not amount to 1 more from the Scholars taught by him, his fee from the College shall be increased to twenty marks." Circumstances had occurred after the death of Elizabeth which rendered the pecuniary prospects of the College more hopeful than they were before. Hamilton and Ftillerton had, since the accession of James, laboured successfully to secure a portion of the confiscated lands in Ulster for the further endowment of the College. In the year 1610 (April 28), Fullerton wrote from London to Sir James Ware to the effect that in the Plantation of Ulster he had " laboured to further the interests of the College with his best endeavours, wishing they had good and conscionable tenants for their lands, which they had allotted to them." He adds : " They have the whole Barony of Armagh, which is not Bishop's lands, surveyed at 6000 Irish acres, which will make 10,000 English acres; and so much of the Barony of Tyrhugh as does not belong to the Abbey of Asserow in Tyrconnell, which is surveyed at 4000 Irish acres (above 6000 English) ; and the Abbey of Kilmacrenan, which Ulster College Lands. 31 is 31 quarters, each quarter containing 128 acres ; and 900 Irish acres in Fermanagh ; all which will make up 20,000 English acres, which he calculated would fill up 53 6s. 3d. of the College Book, which being let for sixpence an acre, one with another, will produce for the College 500 a-year." He states that " to his knowledge the land is the very best in those counties where it lies, and if good care be had in the beginning, this may prove profitable to them in time."* The disposal of these Ulster lands formed the cause of the first dissension between Provost Temple and the Fellows, and led to bitter feelings on both sides, which continued more or less 'up to the time of his death. The College had, on the occasion of Desmond's rebellion, received from Queen Elizabeth a grant of forfeited lands in Munster, which it was expected would produce 100 a-year, yet evidence remains of the great difficulty which the Fellows experienced in the collecting of these rents, and also in getting a sufficient quantity of concealed forfeitures to complete 100 a-year. They had left the old occupants in possession, f had charged them only a small head-rent, and had given them fee- farm, grants of their holdings, so that they had no excuse for withholding their rents, and yet we find that the payments were very irregular. It is stated by Temple that the Ulster lands, which were assigned to the College by James, had " now a long time rested barbarous, rude, unhusbanded, undistin- guished by enclosures, fences, or bounds ; unfurnished of houses for habitation or defence; naked of all sorts of buildings for necessary use ; and consequently no man of sense would take a lease for a short term of any proportion thereof." The tenant, he argues, in order to pay his rent, and at the same time to * Temple stated that he "had heard from Dr. Chaloner and others that Sir James Hamilton was a great persuader and setter on, by his letters and otherwise, of the Provost and Fellows to be suitors for a part of the escheated lands in Ulster, towards the filling up of their Book of 100, concealed attainted lands, which had been upon their hands for ten years fruitless," and that he promised to aid them in getting these lands. t See Appendix xv. 32 Sir James Hamilton' 's Offer. make the land profitable to himself, must incur some great and extraordinary expense, and at the same time be liable to an average rent, and this he will not do if he has merely a short lease. Sir James Hamilton appears to have offered the College to take a fee-farm grant of all the Ulster lands, and to pay a perpetual rent of 500* a-year. This would have been ac- ceptable to the heads of the College in the straightened cir- cumstances in which it was placed. The Provost and Fellows sought the advice of the Lord Deputy as to the conduct which they should pursue in the interest of the College. After the Council had considered the matter, they agreed to approve the letting of the College lands in Ulster to Sir James Hamilton, in perpetuity, if he would undertake to pay a fee-farm rent of 632 per annum, namely, 500, the rent he proposed, 100 additional, giving him the right to nominate some scholars, and 32, the Crown-rent. The Provost, along with Luke Chaloner and James Ussher, who had been familiar with the pecuniary difficulties of the College since its foundation, assented to this arrangement, and accordingly they sent, in the year 1610, the following letter to Sir James Hamilton : " SIB, The offer you have made unto us for being our tenant of the whole proportion of the College lands in the North of Ireland, contained in the particular you sent, hath been advisedly considered by us. We inter- ' pret it as proceeding from you, rather out of a special regard you bear to the good of the College, than out of a respect therein to your own particular. Howsoever, we have been moved by many, and some of them of very ho- nourable rank amongst us, about the disposing of the said lands, yet we cannot but hearken unto you, in whom we find so much love to the College, such endeavours to advance the cause thereof, and so special a resolution to do all the good you can ; we do, therefore, willingly accept of your offer, upon the performance, on your part, of such conditions as are mentioned in your letters concerning that point. Therefore, this our letter, confirmed by our public College seal, shall assure you of our acceptance thereof, and of your right and power to dispose of all these lands for letting them to tenants, retaining to us the conditions mentioned in your letter ; and likewise of our readiness to give you the best satisfaction we can for the form of your * His first offer was 280, which was raised to 400, and ultimately to 500, which included 100 a-year in lieu of fine. Sir James Hamilton's Offer. 33 conveyance, like to that which we have done to the tenants of Munster, immediately on your repair to Dublin, or (if you will draw the draft thereof and send it) if you please before. " Thus commending our best love. " WILLIAM TEMPLE, Provost. " LUCAS CUALONEU. " JAMES USSHER." The remainder of the Fellows objected to this letting, on the grounds that a grant in fee-farm was of special prejudice that the specified rent was far under the value of the lands and that the assurance mentioned for the payment of this rent was of no validity. They preferred to let the lands for thirty years only. Sir James Hamilton pressed the College for a conveyance of the lands, in perpetuity, in conformity with the above letter, upon which the Provost appealed to the Lord Chancellor, and the rest of the Visitors, to decide the matter in dispute. The reasons which he assigned in favour of the perpetuity grant were " 1. The inducements which the holder of a terminable lease (obtained by the payment of a fine) has to waste and run out the lands, spoil the woods, and build no more than he can avoid doing, if he sees no prospect of renewing his lease. Besides, if he die, and leave his lease to another, should the latter be outlawed, the lease will be forfeited to the King. 2. He asserted that Sir James Hamilton procured the grant of the lands to the College, passed it at his own charge, and at half the price of the survey. 3. The College, by refusing this conveyance, would break faith with him. 4. If Sir James Hamilton were to inform his friends at Court of this treat- ment of him by the College, and through them, or from himself, the King should be informed that the reason which influenced the College in this matter is some dislike they have of the Scottish people, the College will hazard the loss of the King's favour, provoke the displeasure of the Scotch, and risk the discontinuance of their annual pension from the Crown." We are not informed as to the result of the appeal of the Provost to the Visitors, but we know that the grant was never carried out. Indeed we are certain that the majority of the Fellows, especially those recently elected, carried on the op- position to Temple's arrangement, for we find that on the 28th June, 1613, John Egerton, William Birde, Edward Warren, r> 34 Ulster Lands. and John Piddock, Masters of Arts and Fellows of Trinity College, passed a bond for 1000, binding them to Sir Henry Folliott, of Bealanashenny in the county of Donegal, and Paul Grore, of Mahery Beg in the same county, to the effect that inasmuch as they have offered to take a lease of the Ulster lands for thirty-one years, at a rent of 700, the said Fellows will not consent to lease the lands to any others, unless another should outbid them by 100 for the whole of the Ulster lands, in which case the Fellows promise to reserve for Folliott and Gore the College lands in the barony of Tirhugh at such a propor- tional rent, taking into account the quality of the lands, as the remainder is let for to others. (See Appendix xvm.) It is clear that although Sir James Hamilton did not get a fee farm grant of any of the College lands, he obtained a terminable lease of a large portion of them ; for from a deed of Sir James Carroll, knight, dated 6th December, 1615, whereby he surrendered to the College the lands of Colures, in the county of Armagh, it appears that on the 17th March, 16-fJ-, a lease of these lands had been made to Sir James Hamilton by the College, who afterwards assigned them to Sir James Carroll ; and from a paper dated April 22nd, 1618, we learn that Sir James Carroll was the tenant of the College for all the Donegal lands, as well as for several holdings in Armagh as the assignee of Hamilton. In the accounts of May, 1615, we find the College pension from the Crown set down at 388 ; the Ulster rents, 600 ; Kerry rents, 50; Limerick rents, 26; Tipperary, 2 11s.; Eoscommon, 2 ; Down, 8 ; Isam's land, 12, in all 1088. Prior to his journey to England in 1616, for the purpose of obtaining a new Charter, Temple drew up a paper in which he contrasts the condition of the College when he became Provost with the state in which it was after the lapse of seven years of his management. The changes have been already detailed, and he records that in June, 1615, the commencements were held with great solemnity (no doubt after the manner of those at Cambridge), and that twenty-five graduates were admitted to Opposition of the Fellows. 35 their respective degrees, namely, five Bachelors of Divinity, seven Masters of Arts, and thirteen Bachelors of Arts. He also states that whereas, in the few years which had elapsed from the foundation of the College, it had already yielded sixty-two ahle and sufficient persons to the service of the Church, forty of these were students of the College during the period of his Provostship; and, moreover, that at the last Visitation in 1616, not a single Puritan was found in the College, and in their ordinary resort to Christ Church Cathedral* they all used the Surplice and the Communion Book, and they reverently at- tended at all consecrations of bishops. Temple seems still to have had his mind set upon giving extended leases of the College lands, for we find that in May, 1617, some of the Fellows were so anxious that the revenues of the College should be increased by running out the existing leases, which would happen in sixteen or seventeen years from 16||-, that they held meetings unknown to the Provost and the other Fellows, for the purpose of deliberating about College affairs, and they made humble suit to the Lords of the Council in England, that they would restrain the Provost from passing new leases of the College estates. The Fellows who were opposed to Temple were Robert Ussher, John Pikeman, Robert Jones, B. Taylor, and Anthony Wainwright : the last four were elected in 1615. They informed the Lords of the Council that the revenue at that time derived from the College lands was 1 1 00 per annum, and that the income might be increased by another 1000 if the leases then in being were permitted to expire, but they asserted that the Provost intended to renew * It appears from early records that the students of the College regularly attended sermons in Christ Church Cathedral, where the heads of the Government constantly worshipped. They were assigned certain seats, which were both inconvenient for hearing and exposed to the extremity of the wind and weather, and where they could not attend to the sermons with any edification. The Fellows consequently, in December, 1615, asked permission of the Lords of the Council " to seat themselves and the Students in the Cathedral, in such places as they can hoar the sermons best, until convenient seats shall be assigned to the members of the College." The early accounts show a donation of one shilling to the woman who swept the College seat at Christ Church. D 2 36 Charges against Temple. these leases for his own private advantage, and to the injury of the College. By these suggestions, which Temple declared to be most untrue, they procured a letter from England in compli- ance with their desires, and an Act of State was made by the Lord Deputy and the Irish Council forbidding any further leases to be made until those in existence had expired. We learn from Temple's own account that these Fellows made further charges against him : 1. That he refused to confirm the above-mentioned Act of State by a particular Act under the College seal ; 2. That he refused to make an Act of Restraint of letting College lands for a term exceeding twenty-one years; 3. That he broke the Statutes in a late choice of Fellows ; 4. That being of a weak estate, and wishing to raise his fortune by the letting of leases, he had disputed against the Act of State, removed old officers, and made choice of such as were devoted to him, and who would at any time join him in putting the College seal to new grants and leases ; 5. That he had suffered Juniors to carry themselves irreverently to Seniors ; 6. That in the absence of a Senior Fellow he had drawn a Junior into deliberation [which was at that time contrary to the College Statutes] ; 7. That he had suffered the Catechist's place to remain unfilled ; 8. That he had taken offices from Seniors before the time of expiration according to the Statutes ; and 9. That he would not entertain a grave man for the instruction of young divines in their profession. To these charges there remains in Temple's handwriting a long, rambling, and rather ill-tempered reply. We have seen that Temple was deputed by the College in 1616 to proceed to England for the purpose of obtaining two new Charters one for the College and another for the University. It would appear that, when James had been sounded as to this, he required that the Charter of Elizabeth should be surrendered in order that he might be designated in the new Charter as the joint founder of the College. In a letter from the Provost and Fellows to the Lord Chancellor, August 25, 1614, it is implied that this proposal came from Abbott, Archbishop of Canter- bury, then Chancellor of the University. In another letter to Proposed Supplementary Charter. 37 the Lord Chancellor of Ireland, on the 26th of October they write to ask that the details of the business of a new Charter should be managed, debated, and concluded in Dublin, with the consent of the Lord Deputy, the Lord Chancellor, and the Primate, and that when so approved it should pass under the Great Seal of Ireland (Appendix xxn.). The reasons which the Provost and Fellows assigned for their unwillingness to resign their Charter will be found in the Appendix xxiv., and these are very interesting as throwing a clear light upon the early history of the College. They strongly objected to the surrender of the Charter of Elizabeth, and of the privileges which they had enjoyed under it of electing their Provost, and of making new Statutes, with the consent of the Visitors. They were prepared to concede that certain clauses in the old Charter should be altered and modified in the new, but they stipulated that those parts which they did not wish to be changed should receive an express confirmation in the new Char- ter, and that the Visitors appointed in the Charter of Elizabeth should be continued without the addition of others. They were prepared to consent that King James's name should be joined with that of Elizabeth in the new Charter, as founder of the College, in consequence of his great liberality in granting an endow- ment. They stated that as fault had been found with some of the Statutes which they had enacted, they desired that these should be examined by the Lord Deputy and the Visitors, and they promised that the reforms suggested should be carried out. They desired that such of the Statutes which they had made, and which merited the approval of the Lord Deputy and the Visitors, should be confirmed and perpetuated in the new Charter. They appealed to the oath which they had taken to maintain the Charter of Elizabeth, and they stated that they saw no necessity to surrender it, and no advantage which might not be had by retaining it along with another supplementary to it, and they entreated that they might be at liberty to obey the dictates of their conscience in this matter. From a letter which they wrote to Archbishop Abbott, the Chancellor, it would appear that James was willing to grant 38 Regulce Universitatis. a separate University Charter, which would empower the Pro- vost and Fellows, with others of the Academic Senate, to enact Statutes for the government of the University, and they ask that the Provost and Fellows may have the same privilege of making Statutes for the government of the College. They speak of the then College Statutes made by the College, with the consent of the Visitors and of Archbishop Abbott, as having been seven years in force, and of their working well. The written instructions which the Fellows gave to the Provost, upon his proceeding to England to wait upon the Archbishop of Canterbury, in May, 1616, will be found in the Appendix XXIII. The University Statutes appear to have been drawn up in Temple's time with the hope of getting a separate Charter for the University. These Statutes, which remain in manuscript, must be of a date later than 1614, and before 1617. Chapters v.-xi., inclusive, are in the handwriting of Provost Temple, and also chapter xvn. The concluding part of this chapter (concerning the powers of the Yice-Provost) is in the hand of Provost Bedell. The Fellows who signed the University Statutes are Egerton, Warren, Piddocke, Kobert Ussher, and Pickman. Selections from the Kegulae, with respect to graduation, will be given in a future part of this chapter. Temple remained in England for a year, from May, 1616, to May, 1617. And he does not appear to have effected the purpose for which he was sent. No further Charter or Statutes emanated from the Crown in the reign of James. After his return to the College from England a very un- pleasant state of things existed, and during the last ten years of his Provostship there appears to have been constant and violent disputes between him and the majority of the Senior Fellows with respect to the letting of the College lands, to which we have already referred. The early part of his administration appears to have been most beneficial to the College, and his government was founded on the wisest and most approved principles. It is much to be regretted that he was prevailed Usshe-r's Change of Views. 39 upon to make a lease to his wife of the College lands in the manor of Slutmulrooney, in the county of Fermanagh, and of those in Toaghy ; and to have appointed his son John seneschal or steward of that manor, as his duties were to watch the interests of the College in respect of the woods and other property which were held by the tenants. An unhappy change seems to have come over his judgment in the latter part of his life, and he certainly alienated from himself the best of the friends of the College. In 1629 Dr. Laud, then Bishop of London, wrote a letter to Primate Ussher, by the King's command, asking him what he thought of the merits of Eobert Ussher, whom the Fellows were anxious to elect Provost, as they had already elected him three years before, and Ussher replied on the 10th of August, " Of his ability in government he hath given some proof already when he was Yice-Provost in that house; where his care in preventing the renewing of the leases at that time was such that thereby we have been enabled so to order the matter that within these six years the College rents shall be advanced to well nigh the double value that they had before." We must infer that Primate Ussher had reason to alter his own views with regard to the leasing of the Ulster lands, when we bear in mind that he himself had been joined with Temple and Chaloner, in 1610, in an arrangement to grant a perpetuity of all the Ulster lands to Sir James Hamilton, at a rent of 636. "When the College revenues had improved to about 1100 a-year in 1613, Temple and Chaloner put forward rival pro- jects for the number of Fellows and Scholars which should be supported by the funds of the College. Temple's plan is that which was adopted, and which has formed the basis of the present foundation. He proposed that the salary of the Provost should be 100 ; seven Senior Fellows at 8 each; nine Junior Fellows at 3 each; thirty native Scholars at 3 each ; forty Scholars (not natives) to have their Commons ; Bursar, 10 ; Professor Controversiarum, 40 ; Catechist, 13 6s. 8 Nov. 30. do. do., 15 15 >) )> 27. Certain parcels of plate coined (viz. 94oz. 5dwts. toucht plate, 16oz. 12dwts. uncer- tain plate, 26 10 6 164? Received for Sir William Went worth's basin and ewer, weighing 128oz. 4dwts., . 30 19 8 1647. April 17. Received for some parcels of plate, 15 7 9 j> May 25. do. do., 18 14 3 >> June 12. do. do., 11 18 29. do. do., 1 4 3 July 22. Received for some parcels of plate coined, 22 12 7 * Of the corn laid in on this occasion there was sold by Mr. Kerdiffe (now Bursar) on January 23, 164f, 15 pecks of wheat for 8 5s. Relief of the Distress of the College. 87 *. d. 1647. Sept. 4. Received for a dozen of spoons coined, . . 3 16 Oct. 21. do. do., . .610 ,, Nov. 13. In part from Mr. Tounge for a gilt salt and six spoons, toucht plate, . . . .500 ,, 20. The balance of same, 1 10 ,, ,, 27. For Adam Ussher's double gilt salt coined, . 3 13 164|. Feb. 7. Received for Mr. Alvey's College pott and salt, which were pawned for ten pounds, . 10 1648. April 12. Received in lieu of a silver bowl from Mr. Taylor, 400 ,, ,, Received from the Provost on a piece of plate, for covering the House, . . . .250 ,, May 20. From Mr. Van Syndhoven for a gilt bowl, pawned, 600 1649. ,, 24. For Mr. Alvey's plate, from Alderman Huitcheson, 11 10 4 We find also sums collected in England for the support of the College : by Dr. Jones at several times ; by Dr. Maxwell ; Collected in Cheshire ; by Mr. Yeale ; Mr. Thomas Bich of London ; Mr. John "Watson (by virtue of a Eoyal Commission) ; Bishop of Clogher ; Sir Paul Davis ; Sir Maurice Eustace, and Mr. John Bysse, Recorder of Dublin ; given by the Marquis of Ormonde and the officers of the army ; collected by Mr. Nalton of St. Leonard's, Foster Lane, London ; Mr. Roberts of St. Woonat's, Lombard-street ; Mr. John Williams of St. Peter's, Paul's Wharf ; Mr. Crawford (minister) ; anonymous ; Mr. Greorge Baker and Mr. Perkins in London ; from the Company of Stationers ; Mr. Newsom, London ; Mr. Hall of Little St. Bartholomew's, London ; and Mr. Puller of St. Botolph's. Collected in all from May 19, 1643, to November 18, 1648, 269 17,9. 9d. In addition to the above there were given by the State in Dublin, from March 27, 1643, to February 14, 164f, sundry sums of 3 10s. per week, granted by the Marquis of Ormonde. This was effected by reducing each of the thirty-five com- panies of foot soldiers in the garrison of Dublin by one man, and granting his pay of 2s. per week to the College, in all 70s. weekly. And on the 29th February eight barrels of herrings, 88 Expulsion of Richard Coghlan. granted by the State, were sold to Mr. Huetson for 4. And from April 6, 1646, there was a weekly allowance to the Col- lege by the State, out of the Barony of Naas, of 3 8s., from which 2s. 4d. was deducted each week. We find that on December 14, there was received 1 for a cow seized on account of this contribution from Naas. This allowance seems to have been continued by the Parliamentary Grovernor of Dublin, Colonel Jones ; for we find sundry sums received from him in the year 1648, amounting in all to 68, and also 20 10s. in the same year from impropriate tithes in the county of Kildare, given to the College by the Grovernor of the city. "We find in the Bursar's receipt-book, November 20, 1648, the following entry : " The receipts and disbursements of the last year being made equal, there remained in the trunk for the beginning of the next year the sum of nine pounds and seven pence." In 1644, John Kerdiffe, James Bishop, and William Eaymund, Junior Fellows, petitioned the Marquis of Ormonde, Chancellor of the University, as to the vacant Senior Fellowship, there not being a sufficient number of Senior Fellows resident in the College to make a legal co-option ; and the appointment having lapsed to the Chancellor, their petition was granted. In 1646 four Fellows were elected by order of the King's letter of September 1 : one of these, Eichard Coghlan, was expelled by Bishop Martin, Provost, on October 20, 1647, on his being convicted of the following charges: 1. Coming to a meeting of the Board without being called when he was only a Junior Fellow. 2. Disturbing the members of the Board with im- proper language. 3. That he hath often abused Fellows and others. 4. That his habit of dress was unstatutable. 5. That he exhibited to the Lord Lieutenant, the Chancellor of the University, a petition against the Provost and Senior Fellows. 6. That he did not take priest's orders. 7. That he publicly charged the Provost and Fellows with great offences, called the Provost a fool and knave, and swore he would kick him. In June, 1647, the Marquis of Ormonde surrendered Dublin Winter's Appointment as Provost. 89 to the Commissioners of the English Parliament, and they at once abolished the Liturgy, and substituted the Directory in its place. Sir James Ware* tells us that Bishop Martin had the courage to disregard the order, and used the Book of Common Prayer in the College Chapel, and that he preached against the heresies of the times with an apostolic liberty in a crowded congregation. He died in the College in 1650, of the plague, which then raged in Dublin, and in great poverty, and was buried in the ante-chapel, near the north wall, under the old steeple. Mr. Samuel Winter,f household chaplain to the four Parlia- mentary Commissioners, who had been formerly Minister at Cottingham, in Yorkshire, was appointed by that body to govern the College, then left destitute of Fellows and Scholars. He was designated Provost or Master of the College, and on the 18th November, 1651, we find the following entry in the College Eegistry : " Memorandum that Mr. Samuel Winter, Provost of the College, having performed such acts as were required for a Bachelor of Divinity, the Fellows this day met in the Eegent House, and with an unanimous consent conferred a private grace for the degree of B. D. on the said Mr. Winter, which act was the same day allowed by the said Provost."* There .is entered on the College Eegister an appointment of Samuel Winter to be Provost or Master of Trinity College, signed by Oliver Cromwell, June 3, 1652. When he became Provost, Joseph Tr avers, whose Fellowship was vacated in 1630 on his accepting the benefice of Clonfeacle, returned from Eng- land, and was made Senior Fellow and Professor of Civil Law, September 3, 1652. He continued to act as such until May 22, 1655. Caesar Williamson came from England, and his name is signed as Senior Fellow, from May 5, 1654, to the Eestoration, when he was re-appointed by the Crown. John Stearne, M.D., * Page 158. t See Baxter's Life and Times, by Calamy, vol. ii., College Library, HH i. 2. Winter was born in 1603, and gave up his living, worth 400. The Commissioners in Ireland allowed him only 100 yearly. | This was probably to qualify Winter for election as Provost, in conformity with the statutes. 90 First Professor of Mathematics. grandnephew of Archbishop Ussher, and who had been a Scholar in 1641, was appointed a Fellow in 1652, and re-appointed after the Restoration. He was made Hebrew Professor for life in 1656, at a salary of 30.* Miles Sumner, Major in the Parlia- mentary army, who had been elected a Scholar in 1626, was made Fellow and Professor of Mathematics in 1652, by order of the Parliamentary Commissioners, on the ground that there was then a great occasion for surveying lands in Ireland, and that there were divers ingenious persons, soldiers and others, who were desirous of being instructed and fitted for the same. He was given a salary of 50 a-year, in addition to his Fellow's allowances, and his lectures were to be open to the public. He continued Fellow until the Restoration, when he appears to have taken Holy Orders, after which time he was re- appointed Professor of Mathematics and Auditor until his death in 1686. He was, moreover, Archdeacon of Clogher in 1661, and took the degree of D.D. on July 7, 1664. He was probably the first holder of the Lectureship in Mathematics, which was founded by the Earl of Donegall in 1668. The Marquis of Ormonde having been compelled to retire to the Continent, Provost Winter and the Fellows elected Henry Cromwell, Lord Deputy, Chancellor, in his place, on March 16, 1653. Henry Jones, Bishop of Clogher, having been appointed Vice- Chancellor in 1646, continued to act as Vice- Chancellor, but he did not assume his title of Bishop. All the records show that the new Chancellor took a lively interest in the welfare of the College, and in the moral and religious character of the students. On the 23rd March, 1654, the following order was made by the Lord Deputy and Council: " The Lord Deputy and Council being desirous to give all due encourage- ment to the advancement of learning, and to promote Godliness, and on the contrary to discontinue vice, and what hath a tendency to looseness and * This Decree of November 24, 1656, was approved by Henry Cromwell, Locum tenens, and General Governor of Ireland, and Chancellor of the University, on June 5, 1659. Henry CromwelVs Order as to Religious Duties. 91 profuneness ; it is therefore thought tit and ordered, that Dr. Winter, Maister of Trinity College, Dublin, do call the respective Fellows, students, and other members of the College together, exhort them to a careful walking, becom- ing the Ghospel, and to build up one another in the knowledge and fear of the Lord, and diligently to attend public prayer, preaching the Word, expositions, and other religious duties ; and also by encouraging and countenancing private Christian meetings together in the College or else- where, for the edifying and encouraging one another in conference, and repeating what they have heard preached of the Way of the Lord, and by frequent seeking God by prayer, instructing and admonishing one another, to edify each other that they may increase in the saving knowledge of Christ. And the Lord Deputy and Council do further order, that when it shall at at any time hereafter appear unto the said Master that any member of the said College be scandalous in his life, or walke disorderly by being either swearer, gamester, haunting of taverns and alehouses, Sabbath- breaker, obscene in his conversation, or scoffer at the profession of Godliness, or any other way profane, the said Master and Fellows, or any two of them, are to cause the said person or persons so offending to be publicly convented before them, and upon due proof thereof before the Master and any two or more Fellows of that College, to expell such corrupt persons out of their society and service, and to inflict such punishment upon such offender as is, and shall be agreeable to Law, and the Laws and Statutes of the said College. " THO. HEKBEKT, "Clerk of the Council. " DUBLIN, 23 March, 1654." There remains in the Register a decree of Provost Winter and the Fellows which was made on June 14, 1659, to the effect that " No student shall be admitted A.B. unless he produce the Senior Greek Lecturer's Certificate of his competent proficiency in the Greek language, and also certificates from the Hebrew Lecturer, and the Rhetoric Professor of his diligent attendance upon their lectures and his considerable progress in these studies ; and that no one shall be admitted to the Degree of A.M. unless he produce a certificate from the Hebrew Lecturer of his competent skill in that language." The writer of Winter's life tells us that u . . . out of his care and zeal to promote so pious a work, he in a short time encouraged and procured the return of divers Fellows and Scholars to 92 Dr. Stearne Professor of Hebrew. the College ; as also the coming over from England of several hopeful young scholars, whereby the College was suddenly replenished with many religious and hopeful young men ; to whom he preached and expounded the Scrip- tures, often praying with them hoth in College Chapel and sometimes in his own lodgings." By an entry in the College Register of September 11, 1652, the porter was directed not to permit clothes to be dried in the quadrangle, nor any scholar to go out of College without a ticket, or any woman to enter within the College except those approved of by the Provost. That Winter and the Senior Fellows were quite indepen- dent of Henry Cromwell in their actions is proved by an entry in the Eegister of 23rd June, 1659. Three days previously Henry Cromwell wrote to the Provost and Senior Fellows, directing them to pay Stearne his salary as Hebrew Professor from November 20, 1657, on the ground that, " although he had not commenced the duties of the Professorship from that time, because the appointment had not been ratified, yet forasmuch as that day was mentioned in the instrument, the salary small, and because he must be at the expense of buying books ne- cessary for a life Professorship." Notwithstanding this the Provost and Senior Fellows voted him only 20 (instead of 45) in full discharge of all arrears up to the 20th May previous. On the 17th of November in the same year Stearne re- signed his Fellowship, probably foreseeing the Eestoration and the changes in the College which it would bring about, for we find him appointed Senior Fellow by king's mandate, Decem- ber 29 of the following year. He was Professor of Laws, and was the first Regius Professor of Physic, June 3, 1662 ; but he never appears to have acted as Hebrew Professor. It is clear that Stearne had been considerately treated by Winter and the Senior Fellows of his time, for in May, 1665, they gave him permission to sleep out of the College whenever he pleased, 'as he was engaged in the practice of the medical profession. The payment of the rents of the College lands had ceased Winter } s Management of the College Estates. 93 when Winter was appointed Provost ; and his first care was to restore the finances of the College. He appears to have taken four journeys to visit and collect rents from the northern estates, principally those in Donegal. He was absent from the College on this business from 17th August, 1653, to January 10th, 1G54; from 20th September, 1654, to 17th January, 1655 ; from 1st October to 18th December, 1656 ; and from 26th July to 22nd December, 1658. He also visited the College estates in Kerry, leaving on May 29, and returning on September 20, 1655. In this journey he inspected the lands of Carrigafoyle and of Glanerough ; and we find that on one day in July of that year he baptized fifteen persons in Nadeen Fort on the latter lands. Indeed in his diary he enu- merates a large number of cases in which he had baptized, buried, or married persons on his several journeys. We find that he made a serious attempt to obtain a more suitable re- venue to the College from the Munster lands ; for in the year 1658 the Provost and Fellows entered into an arrangement with Robert Stearne to lease to him all the College lands in Limerick (except those let to Dr. Worth or Mr. Cardiff, or intended to be let to Alderman Smith) for twenty-one years, Stearne under- taking to let those lands to the best advantage, and to pay in the rents to the College, receiving himself for his own care and trouble 30 for the first year, and .20 each subsequent year. By an error in the presentation to the College living of Clonoe, Winter lost the advowson to the College for nearly a century and a-half . This living had been episcopally united to Arboe, and both were held by William Darragh, who was murdered in 1641, along with several other Protestant clergymen. Winter, who was ignorant of this ecclesiastical arrangement, presented Tempest Illingworth to Clonoe, and another clerk to Arboe, and the latter dying first, the College presented a clergyman to succeed him. When Illingworth died afterwards, in 1682, the Primate instituted a clergyman into Arboe, and retained the nomination until 1825, when it was by a suit in law re- stored to the College. It is to be presumed that the College 94 Winter leaves the College. remained in ignorance that Clonoe had been a part of the union of Arboe. On the 15th December, 1657, we find Winter and the Senior Fellows appointing John Dale, B.A., to be Master of the school of Enniskillen, and in the registry of the trans- action they state that " the College has hitherto made the appointment." With respect to his surrendering his office, Winter's bio- grapher states that " the reason of his leaving that University and kingdom is known to many ; and he came away to his great outward prejudice, the College being indebted to him in a considerable sum of money, which he had disbursed for the use thereof, some part of which they have, since his decease, paid his son." We find in the College Eegister the following order made by the general Convention of Ireland, 29th March, 1660 : "Upon reading the Petition of several of the Scholars of T.C.D., and consideration had thereof, it is ordered that Dr. S. Winter, Prov., and the several Fellows of the said Coll., upon sight hereof, deliver into the hands of Mr. Caesar Williamson and Mr. Francis Saunders, or one of them, the original Charter of said College, and that the said Mr. Saunders do deliver to the said Petitioners a true copy of the Oath mentioned in the local Statutes of the said Coll., which the respective Provosts thereof did usually take at their Admission, to the end the said Scholars and their Counsel might peruse the same. 1 'Signed by Order, " MATTHEW BAEEY, " Clerk of the General Convention of Ireland '." Carte tells us in his Life of Ormonde* " Neither Provost nor Fellows, according to the statutes, had been placed there, and the intruders were for the most part insufficient, disloyal, and eminently active in spreading faction, schism, and rebel- lion. The pretended Provost had lately, on complaint of his tyrannical and arbitrary proceedings, and for contempt of their authority, been suspended by the Convention of Ireland." * Vol. ii. p. 200, Winter's Testimonium of D.D. Degree. 95 Winter was suspended for not having taken the Provost's oath. The Bishop of Clogher, the Lord Chief Baron, and Dr, Dudley Loftus, were appointed to take charge of the College. Winter returned to England, where he died in 1666. Some of the men whom Winter* joined with himself as Fellows were persons of earnestness, piety, and learning, among the Noncorformists. Samuel Mather was educated at Harvard College, where he took his degree. He spent some time in study at both Oxford and Cambridge ; he was Chaplain at Magdalen College, Oxford, and preached frequently at St. Mary's. After he came to Dublin Winter made him a Senior Fellow in 1655 ; and he afterwards preached every Sunday at * The following Testimonium of the Degree of Doctor of Divinity is given in Winter's Life. London, 1671 : " Omnibus Christi fidelibus ad quos prsesentes literae pervenerint. Salutem in Christo Domino Sempiternam. Nos Vicecancellarius Universitatis et Socii Seniores Collegii Sanctse et Individuse Trinitatis juxta Dublin, Testamur Virum Yenerabilem Dominum Samuelem Winter, Anglum, Verbi Divini prgedicatorem fidelem, verae religionis vindicem acerrimum et de Collegio SS. Trinitatis in Illustri Academia Cantabrigiensi olim studiosum, adductum f uisse ad nos cum uberrimis testimonies ingenuitatis, probitatis, doctrinso et Scientise Theologicse (quorum meritorum suorum et studiorum luculentissimum documentum jampridem tarn publice quam privatim in celeberrima civitate Dubliniensi laudabiliter et egregie dederit) ad capessendum gradum Doctoratis in Theologia ; et illorum plurimorumque doctissimorum de rneliori nota virorum, optime habilem, idoneum, et dignum testinioniis judicatum fuisse, munere, officio, dignitate et honore Doctoratus in Theologia. Nos itaque quibus ejus virtutum excellentia, meritorum copia, diuturna studia, pervigilantes labores innotuerunt, habita ratione, scientiae, eloquentise, doctrinse, facultatis Theo- logicse, peritise disputandi, interpretandi, concionandi, et aliarum virtutum et morum ejusdem Samuelis Winter, quorum omnium certissimum specimen, laudabiliter, egregie, magistraliter et more Doctoreo dederit publice e suggesto per tres dies in Collegii Sacello. Nos igitur in venerando Universitatis nostrse consessu, eundem Samuelem Winter unanimeter, omniumque suffragiis in Christi nomine approba- mus, et sic approbatum Doctorem in Universa Theologia solenniter pronunciavimus, declaravimus, ac fecimus. Quod nostrum Testimonium ut omnibus innotescat subscriptis singulorum nominibus et publico Collegii nostri Sigillo coiToborari et muniri curavimus. Decimo septimo die August! anno Domini Millesimo sexcen- tesimo quinquagesimo quarto. HEN. JONES, Pro- Cancellarius. MILES SYMNER. NATH. HOYLB. C. WILLIAMSON. JOHANNES STERNE. ADAM CUSACK.E." 96 Early College Statutes. St. Nicholas' Church, and took his turn of preaching before the Lord Deputy and Council.* Gamaliel Marsden was educated at Trinity College, Dublin, and spent ten years in the College, during six of which he was a Fellow, f Eobert Norbury was also educated in the College. } Edward Yeele was a Graduate of Christ Church, Oxford. He was a man of learning and moderation, and wrote the Commentary on the Epistle to the Ephesians and on the Epistle of St. Jude, in Poole's Annotations^ NOTE ON THE EARLY COLLEGE STATUTES. By the Charter of Elizabeth full power was given to the Provost and Fellows of the College to enact such regulations as were required for the government of the University and the College : these should receive the approval of the Chancellor of the University. And it was indicated that the authorites of the College should select such of the Statutes which were in force in the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge as were suited to the circumstances of the new foundation. From the very commencement such regulations were made, although it is now impossible to arrange them in chronological order. The early Provosts were all Cambridge Graduates, and as such were more familiar with the Statutes and customs of their own University. Sir William Temple appears to have been the first of the Provosts who framed a Code of Statutes in a systematic manner. He had been a Fellow of King's College, and Luke Chaloner a Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge ; hence it was natural that the Statutes of these Col- leges should have been largely used. In the Charter the head of the College is designated Provost, and not Master. In this respect the usage of King's College was followed ; and we find that in the Statutes the officer who was in charge of the revenue and expenditure of the College was designated Bursarius, as at King's College, and not Thesauriarius, as at Trinity and St. John's. In conformity with the Statutes of King's College the Vice- Provost was obliged to dine always in the Hall. The Statutes of that College direct that * Calamy's " Ejected Ministers," vol. ii. p. 355, where his portrait is preserved, t Calamy, vol. ii. p. 436. J Calamy. See Calamy, vol. i. p. 210, and "Wood, Ath. OXOH., vol. iv. p. 604, ed. Bliss, and Wood, Fasti Oxou., vol. ii. p. 517. Origin of the Early College Statutes. 97 a portion of the Bible, or some work of the Fathers or Doctors of the Church, should be read during dinner by a Cleric, or by a Scholar, or a Non-Gra- duate Fellow. A similar regulation was introduced into our early Statutes. On the other hand, the designation Protector Primarius, and the four Sublectores, are derived from the Trinity College Statutes. From these latter are derived the rules for the election of Fellows, Scholars, and the annual officers of the College ; and the regulations with respect to the Fellowship and Scholarship Examinations follow very closely the Trinity Statutes. In the early College Statutes the power of election was given simply to a majority of the Provost and Senior Fellows ; and it is remark- able that the restrictions which were found in the cotemporary Statutes of Trinity and St. John's College, Cambridge, which must have been before the compilers of our Statutes, were studiously omitted. In the Trinity College, Cambridge, Statutes there are elaborate rules laid down, that when the eight Senior Fellows vote, four of these, along with the Master, voting for a candidate, secure his election ; but when the whole eight vote in one way, and the Master alone votes for another candidate, the eight Senior Fellows prevail. In all other cases where, after three scrutinies, the Master is found to vote with a minority, his vote determines the election. The Statutes of St. John's College differ very slightly from those of Trinity in this respect. In the Statutes which Laud drew up, and which were enacted by Koyal authority, there was a clause inserted in the following words: "In quern vel quos major pars Sociorum Seniorum una cum Prseposito, vel eo absente, Vice Preeposito consensisse deprehendetur, is vel illi pro electo vel electis habeantur; quod si primo vel secundo scrutinio electorum major pars cum Praeposito, vel eo absente, Vice Prseposito non consensuerinfc, eo in casu, is vel illi pro electo vel electis sunto quern vel quos Pra3positus vel eo absente Yice Prsepositus nominabit." From these ambiguous words the right of the nomination at any election was, in the last century, claimed by the Provost when the majority of the Senior Fellows differed from him. It was exercised on two' occasions by Provost Baldwin, and once by Provost Hutchinson ; but this Provost's negative was always exercised in the face of a strong protest from the majority of the Board. Provost Andrews contented himself with nominating when the electors were equally divided ; and he appears to have held this to be the true interpre- tation of the Statute. Bishop Young,* by a comparison of our Statutes with those given about the same time by Laud to the University of Oxford, makes it quite clear that the ambiguous sentence cannot properly be taken in the sense which Baldwin and Hutchinson claimed, and that the words of the Statute are derived from Oxford, and not from Cambridge. * " Inquiry into the Provost's Negative," pp. 94, &c. H 98 Origin of Commonplaces. Bishop Bedell had added, as we have seen, a clause to the Statute, taken from those of Emmanuel College, which restricted the competition of Ba- chelors for Fellowship to men of seven terms standing. This, however, was removed by Laud at the revision of the Statutes. There was also a statutable custom which prevailed in Dublin from the earliest time, and to which we have already referred, namely, that which required all Masters of Arts, whether clerical or lay, having chambers in College, to preach in turn short sermons or " commonplaces " in the College Chapel after evening prayer. "We have seen that Archbishop Abbott, who was himself an Oxford man, objected to this. By referring, however, to Whitgift's Statutes for Cambridge, given by the authority of Queen Eliza- beth,* it will be found that the 50th Statute, which concerns Colleges, contains an enactment that "commonplaces" should be delivered in the several College Chapels twice each week by Fellows and Pensioners of the Colleges, who are above the degree of Bachelors of Arts, and under that of Doctor in any faculty ; and these were to be delivered by them in turn, under a specified penalty. This practice continued at Dublin until the year 1836 ; and at Cambridge such commonplaces were delivered in Christ's College Chapel, at least, on Monday mornings, up to the present century. t * See Hey wood and Wright's " Cambridge University Transactions during the Puritan Controversies," vol. i. London : Bohn, 1854. t A volume of such Commonplaces was published a few years since by Mr. Swainson and Mr. Wratislaw. CHAPTEE Y. FROM THE RESTORATION TO THE REVOLUTION. ONE of the first acts of the Government after the Eestoration was the arrangement of the governing body of the College upon a proper and legitimate basis. The Duke of Ormonde, who returned with Charles, was still the Chancellor of the Uni- versity, and his first care was to appoint Jeremy Taylor, D.D., Bishop Designate of Down and Connor, to be Yice- Chancellor. At this time none of the existing Fellows or Scholars had any legal title to their positions, and no election of Senior Fellows could be made according to the statutes, unless four Senior Fellows co-operated with the Provost in their votes, which was impossible under the existing state of things. Taylor ac- cordingly suggested to Ormonde that he and the Archbishop of Dublin should be authorized to nominate five new Senior Fellows. The Chancellor preferred to keep this power in his own hands, and directed Taylor and the Archbishop to recom- mend to him the names of such as they considered should be appointed to the office. They selected five names of men who were qualified according to the statutes to be designated as Senior Fellows by the Crown one of them, however, Dr. Stearne, through the fact that he was married, created a difficulty ; but his scholastic attainments and knowledge of the affairs of the College rendered him an indispensable member of the newly constituted governing body.* In order that the College should recover the rents which were due to the Corporation, and the lands which had been alienated * See Bishop Taylor's letter on this subject, addressed to the Duke of Ormonde, in his Life, vol. i. of his Works, edited by Heber. H 2 100 Fellows Appointed at the Restoration. from it, and also for the purpose of making leases, it was necessary that no legal taint should exist in the title of the Provost and Senior Fellows. By a King's Letter, dated from "Whitehall on the 29th Decemher, 1660, five new Senior Fellows were consequently appointed by the Crown. Two of the existing Senior Fellows were retained, Nathaniel Hoyle* (who had been elected a Fellow in 1631, and was Vice-Provost during "Washington's desertion of his post in 1641, 1642, and 1643, and who resigned his Fellowship in 1646, and was ad- mitted a Fellow of Brazenose College, Oxford, in 1649 ; he was in the College during the Usurpation in 1652, and was elected Vice-Provost in 1659), and Caesar Williamson, f who had been appointed Senior Fellow in 1654. John Stearne, M.D., as has been said, was also nominated. He had been appointed a Fellow in 1652, but had resigned his Fellowship in November, 1659. By the King's Letter the Provost and Senior Fellows were empowered, after the admission of the five new Seniors, to fill up by election the vacant Junior Fellowships ; it being a condition that Lambert Gougleman, M.D., should be one of them. They deferred the election until after a Commencement was held for conferring degrees, and on January 29, 1 6 6^-, they elected eight Junior Fellows, including Henry Styles, B.A., of Magdalen Hall, Oxford, who was appointed Jurist ; he had been pre- viously incorporated B.A. at the Commencement held on January 26. It is probable that Edward Veele, M.A., of Christ Church, Oxford, who had been appointed a Fellow in 1654, was retained as the ninth Junior Fellow. He was elected Junior Proctor at this Commencement. The Eeverend Thomas Seele, B.D., Fellow of Trinity College (1635), who had been co-opted to a Senior Fellowship in 163|-, was ap- pointed by the Lords Justices on November 6, 1660, to take upon him the government of the College, and he was admitted * Hoyle, who was a Puritan, seems to have resigned his Fellowship in the same year. t Williamson accepted the College living of Ardstraw on the loth of February, 166^, and became Dean of Cashel in 1671. He died in 1676. Provost Seele. 101 as Provost by Letters Patent on the 19th of the following Ja- nuary. He was selected "on account of his learning and piety, and also from his fitness and ability to exercise the office of Provost, owing to the circumstance of his having been trained up from his youth in the College, and his knowledge of its laws and statutes, and his experience of the best way of governing the Society and of educating the students."* Seele was the first Provost who had been wholly educated in the College. On the 7th March, 166^, the Provost and Senior Fellows elected forty-nine scholars, twenty-six of whom were Bachelors of Arts, and twenty-three Undergraduates. This irregular election was confirmed by the Visitors Bishop Jeremy Taylor (Vice- Chancellor), and the Archbishop of Dublin on the 5th of April; and in the year 1663 the full number of seventy scholars appears to have been completed by an election in the manner prescribed by the statutes. Thomas Seele was the son of the sexton and verger of Christ Church Cathedral. He entered Trinity College on the 15th October, 1625, and graduated B.A. in 1629, and M.A. in 1632. He was examined for Fellowship according to the old statutes, on Monday, January 27, 163-f-, and was elected on January 31. He vacated his Fellowship by taking a benefice shortly afterwards. On the 4th of June, 1635, a few months afterwards, on his own supplication, he was restored to his Fel- lowship by the Provost and Senior Fellows, who stated that by so doing they testified their respect for a hopeful member of their Society. This act was confirmed by the Visitors. He was co-opted a Senior Fellow in January, 1637-8. In the follow- ing year he was appointed to the Vicarage of Coolock, near Dublin, which he could hold with a Fellowship. He became Vice-Provost in 1647, in which year he resigned his Fellowship (the King's authority having ceased in Dublin), and he was col- lated to the Prebend of Eathmichael, in St. Patrick's Cathedral. During the Puritanical rule of Cromwell, Seele preached and officiated in Dublin, according to the rites of the Church of * "LiberMun. Hib.,"p. 97. 102 Dr. Stearne. England, whenever he could gather a congregation, until he was silenced by the Council in 1658. At the Restoration he was made Chancellor of St. Patrick's in 1660, and Precentor of Christ Church Cathedral in 1669, and he was installed in the Deanery of St. Patrick's in 1671, which office he held along with the Provostship until his death in 1674. Seele laboured under many bodily infirmities during the latter period of his life, which to a certain extent impeded him in the important duties of his office. He was seized with paralysis on the 30th of January, 1674, and died in Trinity College three days after. Notwithstanding his collegiate and ecclesiastical appointments, he died in very poor circumstances, and 5 was given for the relief of his widow by the Dean and Chapter of Christ Church, and a donation of 10 was granted to her by the College to enable her to go to her friends in England.* Stearne's name has been already mentioned as holding a Fellowship in Provost Winter's time. He was a grandnephew of Archbishop Ussher, and was born at Ardbraccan in 1624, when Ussher was Bishop of Meath. His father, John Stearne, was descended from a Suffolk family. Stearne entered Trinity College in May, 1639, at the age of fifteen, and it is probable that he was informally appointed to a Scholarhip in 1641, and * Seele was buried in the Antechapel of the old College Chapel, and the follow- ing inscription remains upon his monument : P. M. S. THOMJE SEELE S.T.D. Hujusce Collegii Dignissimi prsesidis et in- stauratoris qui obiit Feb. n. Anno Domini MDCLXXIV. JEtatis Suae LXIII. Nuper ab exilio cum Principe Regna redibant, Et posuere suas Prselia lassa niinas. His solis deerant tarn publica commoda tectis ; Exilium Ars passa est, exili unique Fides. Prseposuit Seelum Carolus, quo praeside Musae Proscriptae veteres incoluere Lares. Tecta Chalonerus pia condidit ; obruta Seelus Instauravit ; erat forte creasse minus. Magna viri doctrina ; modestia magna ; ruberet Si sua perlegeret carmina iusta cinis. Convenit urna loco, debebaturque Sacello. Non alio sterni pulvere templa decet. Foundation of the College of Physicians. 103 that he had been elected to a Fellowship in 1643, although no record remains of the fact. He was, however, among those who were ejected by the Rump party, and left Ireland for Cambridge, where he was probably incorporated as B.A. into Sidney Sussex College, then under the government of Dr. Samuel Ward, a friend of Ussher. Stearne spent there a con- siderable time in the study of medicine, and most likely took the degree of M.D. in that University. However, when Emmanuel College was seized by the Republicans, Stearne left Cambridge for Oxford, where he was received by Dr. Seth Ward, the Savilian Professor of Greometry. He was restored to his Fel- lowship in Dublin by Henry Cromwell in 1651 ; and we find him acting as Registrar on September 3, 1653, and as Senior Proctor in 1654. He engaged in medical practice in Dublin during the Commonwealth, and he appears to have been suc- cessful as a physician. In 1659 he married Miss Dorothy Ryves, when he appears to have resigned his Fellowship. He was appointed a Senior Fellow at the Restoration, and was exempted from Chapel attendance, and (as a favour) received his Commons in money. But he did not long remain a Senior Fellow, for, in 1662, he was appointed Public Professor of Me- dicine in the University, and he became the Founder of the College of Physicians, and the first President of that Society.* Stearne's name is intimately associated with Trinity Hall, and this is a suitable place to give some account of that building. It would appear that there was at the commencement of the seventeenth century an unoccupied piece of land belonging to the Corporation of Dublin, which formed part of the green, commonly called Hoggin Green, and lying between the present Trinity-street and Exchequer-street. At that time there was * Long before Stearne's time such a College was contemplated, for on April 1, 1628, Provost Bedell wrote to Ussher: " At my being in Dublin there came to me one Dr. de Laune, a physician bred in Emmanuel College, who in speech with me discovered their purpose to procure a patent, like to that which the College of Physicians hath in London." (Elrington's ed., vol. xv. p. 390.) Stearne's monument was removed from the old Chapel, and remains behind 104 Trinity Hall an influx of vagrants from the country parts into Dublin, which caused inconvenience to the citizens, and it was proposed by Dr. Chaloner, and other influential persons, that the Corpora- tion should grant this site to them for the purpose of erecting a bridewell, to be governed by the same regulations as those which had been adopted in the case of a similar institution in London. In 1604 the Mayor, Sheriffs, and Commons of the city granted to these gentlemen a portion of land, the dimensions of which were thirty-three yards by one hundred and twelve yards, with the provision that if these premises were not utilized for a bridewell, they should serve for the erection of a College Hall, or Free School. The project of establishing a bridewell ended in failure, and in 1616 the land was accordingly handed over to Trinity College for the alternative purpose of a College Hall. Buildings were erected upon it, and a Master was appointed to reside and take charge of such students as should live there. It was arranged that they should attend lectures and chapel services, and perform scholastic exercises in Trinity College. This was carried on until 1641, although there were certain grave inconveniences attached to the arrangement. It was the present Chapel along with that of Provost Seele and that of Provost George Browne. The following is the inscription on it, supposed by some (notwithstanding the mediaeval Latinity) to have been composed by his pupil, the celebrated Henry Dodwell : KATAPA E2TI MH AIIO0ANEIN Dixit Epictetus, Credidit JOHANNES STEARNE M. & J.U.D. Collegii SS Indiv. Trinitatis Dublin Socius Senior Medicorum ibidem Prseses primus qui nat- us fuit Ardbrachse 26 Novembris 1624 Denatus fuit Dublin 18 Novembris 1669 ; Cujus exuviee olim resumendce hie depositse sunt. Philosophus Medicus Summusq. Theologus idem Sternius hac, nullus jam, requiescit humo Scilicet ut regnet, Natura quod edidit unum, Dividit in partes Mors inimica duas, Sed modo divisus coalescet Sternius, atque Ibit ab extreme, totus in astra, die. Trinity Hall. 105 urged in 1668, after the Restoration, that this Hall, called Trinity Hall, was " in nowise fit to entertain the actual students of the College, for there were so many buildings interposed between it and Trinity College, that it was not possible in Trinity Hall to hear Trinity College bell, by which the actual students thereof were summoned almost hourly to Divine ser- vice, meals, and exercises ; not to mention many inconveniences and interruptions that must necessarily happen by the students going often backwards and forwards on account of prayers, meals, lectures, disputations, declamations, and other exercises and public meetings, not to speak of the dangers arising from the residence of young men near suspected places." In 1641 the College had let a portion of these premises to John Sammes for forty years, at 1 10s. yearly rent. The remainder was occupied by poor persons, and was going rapidly into a state of dilapidation, so much so, that in 1654 the Corporation threat- ened to resume possession. Stearne then proposed to take Trinity Hall, and construct buildings suitable for a Medical College, and a house for the College of Physicians, which he was anxious to found. Provost Winter seems to have favoured this proposal, but matters remained in an unsettled condition until the Bes- toration. After the reconstitution of the College, Trinity Hall was let to Stearne (who appears to have resided in it after his marriage in 1659), as he proposed, and it was, among other things, arranged that he should have and enjoy for his natural life the sole use of so many rooms in the proposed Medical College, as those which he was at that time occupying, namely, two lower rooms, three upper rooms, and the whole garret, together with the garden adjoining the Hall, in consideration of the great expenses to which he had been put in repairing these rooms and making the gardens. The students of the Medical Hall were to be first admitted into Trinity College, and were to attend Divine service in the College Chapel. It was arranged that Trinity College should have the nomination of the Presi- dent of the College of Physicians, and that the President and Fellows of that College should give their professional services, 106 Trinity Hall without fees, to the Provost and Senior Fellows of Trinity College, and their successors, whenever they should require them to attend them during illness. In reply to the objection, which appears to have been made, that such an arrangement did not come within the purposes for which the premises were granted by the Corporation, it was urged (in 1668) that " Trinity Hall is now a College Hall in a twofold sense, either of which doth better entitle it to be a College Hall than any use to which formerly it has been applied. It is now a College Hall, for it is a Hall of the College of Physicians, which are more considerable than a small number of Under- graduates. It is now a Hall also to Trinity College, because Trinity Col- lege has the nomination of the President for ever, which alone makes it more a College Hall than the residence of a few Freshmen and Sophisters, which formerly were entertained therein, and of whom it hath been observed that generally they miscarried by reason of the remoteness of the situation from Trinity College, under whose government they were." It was added " After the death of Dr. John Stearne, and perhaps before, there will be accommodation for students in Physic, which are first to continue for some time students in Trinity College before they can be admitted to be students of the College of Physicians, and are as considerable a portion of scholars as any number of Undergraduates wherewith the said Hall was heretofore stored, and as useful to the whole kingdom." It is uncertain whether there were any medical students residing in the Hall before Stearne's death in 1669. There were several, however, before 1680, between which year and 1683, the lease and the buildings were surrendered to Trinity College by the College of Physicians, on a payment of 70. The next thing we can ascertain about it is from an entry which we find in the College Eegister, that "Sir Smith was chosen Master of the School in Trinity Hall " in 1694, and in 1691 chambers in Trinity Hall were assigned to Mr. Carver. The Hall does not appear to have survived many years longer, but it was in existence as late as 1710.* * In November, 1694, a lease of Trinity Hall and the land adjacent, reserving a place for a school, was made to Nathaniel Shaw for forty-one years, at an annual Regulce Universitatis. 107 On the return of Ormonde he appears to have entrusted the Vice- Chancellor, Jeremy Taylor, with the reconstruction of the College ; and the Bishop seems to have devoted himself to his duties in a very energetic manner. He wrote to Ormonde on October 3, 1660, giving a description of the state of things in Trinity College. He found " all things in perfect disorder indeed so great as can be imagined to be consequent on a sad war, and an evil incompetent Government set over them." And on the 19th December, 1660, he speaks of it as an "im- perfect University." There were " no University Statutes,* no established forms of conferring degrees, no Regius Pro- fessor of Divinity, scarce any ensigns academical." He offered to collect and frame such statutes, and to present them to Ormonde, " that upon advice with persons skilled in such things he may approve them, and obtain a sanction and confirmation of them." Bishop Taylor appears to have resided in Trinity College, while he was in Dublin, during the time he was so engaged, for we find an entry in the College Eegister in 1667, to the effect that " the great middle chamber in Sir Richard Scot's buildings adjoining unto the steeple, lately in the possession of the Eight Reverend Father in God Jeremy, Lord Bishop of Down, is ordered by the appointment of the Provost to be for ever rent of half-a-crown for the first half-year, for the following nine years 2, and for the remainder 3 ; and on June 13, 1710, a lease was made to the Eev. John Barton, Dean of Ardagh, of the ground belonging to Trinity Hall that is enclosed with a stone wall, for forty years, at 80 13s. d. ; and on the same day another lease of part of Trinity Hall next to the above-mentioned ground, containing two rooms in front, with a proportionate part of the rear belonging thereto, for three years, at 4 6s. Sd. per annum. * Taylor must have meant that the University statutes were neglected or dis- used during the Commonwealth, for we have seen that University statutes were drawn up by Sir "William Temple when Provost, and the first eleven chapters re- main in his handwriting. The concluding paragraph of chapter xvii. is in Provost Bedell's handwriting. It is not improbable that the Regulae Universitatis Dublin- iensis, first printed with the College statutes in 1778, were arranged, revised, and completed by Taylor, after the model of the old University statutes, which had been accepted by the Provost and Senior Fellows from time to time, but had never been confined by Royal sanction, and had never been approved by the Chancellor or Visitors, 108 Narrow Circumstances of the College. separated and appropriated to the sole use of the Provost and Fellows for the transaction of public affairs, and their ordinary conference and meeting." One of the first records which we find upon the College Eegister after the Eestoration is an account of a large number of Degrees conferred at the Commencement held in January, 166f, when thirteen candidates, including the Bishops of Wa- terford, Cork, Limerick, and Elphin, were raised to the Degree of Doctor of Divinity, and five Doctors of Divinity were in- corporated ; eleven Bachelors of Divinity were admitted, and one was incorporated : of Doctors of Medicine one was admitted, and three were incorporated ; and of Doctors of Laws three were admitted, one LL.D. and one LL.B. were incorporated ; twelve Masters of Arts were admitted, and eight were in- corporated. The Fellows who were at that time elected do not appear generally to have continued long in the service of the College, for we find that of the fifteen who were Senior and Junior Fellows in 1661, nine had vacated their posts in the space of three years. The resources of the College seem to have been at a very low ebb. No rents were received from the Munster lauds, and all the College tenants found great difficulty in selling their cattle. The annuity from the exchequer was unpaid, and the College was at very considerable charges for recovering pos- session of the lands reserved to them under the Act of Settle- ment (14 & 15 Charles II., cap. 2), and supporting their rights before the Court of Claims both in England and in Ireland. In consequence of the poverty of the College, the Board decided that the usual election of Fellows should not take place in 1664, 1665, and 1666. In the latter year the election of Scholars also was deferred for the same reason ; and pro- bably the same thing would have recurred in 1667, had not the Archbishop of Dublin ordered an election of Scholars in that year, which took place at the regular time ; but the Scholars, thirty- five in number, were not sworn and admitted until August 20. In 166|- four vacant Fellowships were fiDM by SeelJs Exertions as Provost. 109 King's Letters without examination. As far as we can gather from the censures and punishments recorded in the College Register of the time, a good deal of insubordination and ill conduct existed among the students. Several of the Scholars were punished for holding secret meetings against the authority of the governing body. In 1667 the Bachelors were admo- nished in the Hall by the Provost and Senior Fellows for behaving themselves insolently towards the Junior Fellows, and for not " capping " them.* It was decided that whoever should offend in this way hereafter should be suspended from his degree. Several students were expelled for violating the College statutes by crossing the College walls, sleeping in the city, and bringing disgrace upon the College by their conduct there. Provost Seele appears to have diligently exerted him- self to restore the relaxed discipline of the students. As to the education of the scholars, v/e find that the Professorship of Divinity was by Letters Patent of 9th May, 1674, more largely endowed, and put upon a higher University basis. The Pro- fessorship of Civil and Canon Law was founded by Letters Patent of 1668, and endowed with a salary of 40 per annum. The Professorship of Mathematics was incorporated with the Mathematical Lectureship founded by the Earl of Donegall; and it was ordered on November 20, 1664, that " none be ad- mitted Bachelors of Arts who has not a certificate from one of the Greek Lecturers of his knowledge of Greek." The services in the College Chapel appear to have been put upon a more attractive basis, for we find that Thomas Patrickson was ap- pointed Organist on May 12, 1675, at a salary of 4 a-year; and on November 20, 1669, four University preachers appear to have been appointed for the first time at the annual election of officers. The Library keeper seems to have been regularly appointed each year ; and Mr. Acton, who held that office in 1675, was allowed 10 for his trouble and pains in making a catalogue of the Spanish books. In 1670 Sir Jerome Alex- ander, one of the Justices of the Common Pleas, had bequeathed * The objection to this statutable practice continued in the year 1734. 110 Additions to the College Library. to the College all his books and manuscripts, principally pertaining to Civil Law, and a sum of 500 to be expended in making an addition to the College buildings, and 100 addi- tional for the building of a particular library for his books in these buildings. This bequest was supplemented by a dona- tion of 200 for the same purpose by the Bishop of Kilmore, in 1671. On May 4, 1672, an agreement was made between the College and Eichard Mills, bricklayer, for the erection of Sir Jerome Alexander's library. Eachel, Countess of Bath, expended 200 in the purchase of books for the Library, as a memorial of her husband, who had been formerly a Fellow of the College.* The library of Archbishop Ussher, consisting of 10,000 volumes, had been purchased at his death by the English army in Ireland in Cromwell's time, for a sum of 22,000, with the design of presenting it to the College ; but when the books were brought back to Ireland, Oliver Cromwell had them de- tained in Dublin Castle, where they were kept with such great negligence that a large number of valuable books and manu- scripts were stolen or destroyed. At the Eestoration, Charles II. gave all that remained to the Library of Trinity College. Further sums for new buildings in the College were con- tributed by Doctor Jeremy Hall and by John Hudson, D.D., Bishop of Elphin. Nothwithstanding the ascertained fact that several wells of excellent water existed in the grounds attached to the Col- lege, it appears from the College Eegister that on July 7, 1670, the Board decided that " upon consideration of the want of water in the College, it is ordered that a convenient well, with pump and cistern, be made to supply the great need of it in the College." This pump was placed in the centre of the "Quadrangle," and it was not removed to its position behind the new Chapel until 1801. It became the celebrated College pump. * Henry Bouchier, Fellow 1601, died 1654. Valuation of the Munster Estates. Ill By the Act Explanatory of the Act of Settlement, the right of the University of Duhlin to its property was saved. Three hundred pounds per annum was allowed to he granted to the Provost out of forfeited lands in the Archbishopric of Duhlin ;* and all lands held under the College by grant lease in fee-farm, and forfeited to his Majesty by the late rebellion, were granted and confirmed to the Provost, Fellows, and Scholars of Trinity College, and their successors, for ever.t By this Act the possession of all the Munster lands, which had been formerly granted in perpetuity by the Provost and Fellows in the reign of James I., at a rental of under 100 a-year, was restored to the College, and they proceeded to make twen?y-one years' leases of the lands. It was with extreme difficulty that they were identified. Commissioners were appointed to define the boundaries and to ascertain their value, communibus annis ;+ and Mr. William Vincent, one of the Senior Fellows, was de- puted to be present at the valuation of the lands, and was urged to take care that the valuers were independent persons who had not themselves been in occupation of them. This Vincent did so carefully, that the College presented him with a piece of plate of the value of 20 for his trouble. Some of the lands were so circumstanced that it was difficult to recover them except at an expense which the College was not able to bear ; and this induced the Provost and Senior Fellows to make a lease for twenty-one years of all their lands in the counties of Limerick and Tipperary to Sir William Davys, Eecorder of * Letters Patent were passed on the 27th May, in the 21st year of Charles II., granting to the Provost certain lands in the Baronies of Leme, Skreen, and Lower Kells, in the County of Meath, and in the Baronies of Ballynahinch and Ross, in the County of Galway. For a detailed list see the Report of the Dublin University Commission, 1853, p. 278. t Letters Patent, dated 10th Novemher, 18th year of Charles II., granted to the College, in conformity with the above Act, the Munster estates forfeited by their tenants ; also the lands of Ballycahill in the Barony of Eliogarty, county of Tipperary, decreed to the College by the Court of Chancery in England, in satisfaction of Dr. Elias Travers* legacy of 1000 to purchase an impropriation. J In conformity with the Irish Act of Parliament 10 & 11 Charles I., chap. 3. A.D. 1634. 112 Dis tribu tion of En trance Fees . Dublin, a warm and reliable friend of the College, at a small rent, on the understanding that he would undertake to recover possession of them. At the same time some considerable parts of the Kerry lands were let on similar terms to Lieutenant Launcelot Sands. The College dealt liberally with the old tenants, whose lands had been forfeited to the Crown ; and also with those who showed themselves friendly to the College, by giving information as to the boundaries of the lands : they appear to have been awarded such annuities as the finances of the College would admit. About the same time we find that a lease was given to William Hawkins on the 13th June, 1672, for ninety -nine years (with the consent of the Lord Lieutenant and Council), of the strand, north of the College which he had reclaimed from the sea, at a considerable expense, by building quay walls in consideration of the payment of a fine of 50, at a rent of 5 for the first twenty years, 10 for the next fifty-nine years, and 20 for the last twenty years. On this land the present Hawkins'-street, Poolbeg-street, Tara-street, Burgh-quay, and Greorge's-quay, now stand. It is recorded in the College Eegister that, on March 26, 1675, the admission fee for a Pensioner was fixed at 25s., of which the Senior Lecturer received 5s., the Butler and the Cook 2s. each, the Clerk of the Buttery Is., the Manciple, the Porter, and the Provost's Sizar, Is. each, while 12s. was given to the College for a spoon. Fellow Commoners paid double the above sums.* A Sizar paid on admission only 2s. 6d. to the Senior Lecturer, and 6d. to the Provost's Sizar. The butler was from these fees to provide candles and bottles for * Up to the year 1809, the admission fees, 2 17*. 2^., were divided thus : Plate, 12s. ; Porter, Cook, and Butler, 3s. 4|c?. each; Steward, Clerk of the But- tery, and Provost's Sizar, 2s. 3d. each ; Premium Fund, 8s. \^d. ; Senior Proctor, 3s. ; Registrar, Is. ; and Provost's Sizar (on matriculation), Gd. ; the Mathema- tician received 13s., and 2s. 8%d. was charged for a copy of the Statutes. A Fellow Commoner paid 6 Plate money, 2 to the Servants, 7s. Gd. to the Butler, 5s. to the Clerk of the Buttery, 1 to the Premium Fund, and (on matriculation) 12s. to the Senior Proctor, and 5s. to the Provost's Sizar, 1 6s. to the Mathematician, 3s. 3tf. for the College Statutes, and 1 6s. for the Bowling Green in all 13 4s. 9d. Provost Ward. 113 the buttery, and the cook and manciple candles for the kitchen. A grant of 10 a-year was made to the porter for supplying candles for the Chapel services, also for the Hall at supper- time, and for night roll. On the death of Provost Seele in 167|-, no time was lost in conferring that office upon a man who was very remarkable in his day, although he has left no writings for posterity. Michael Ward, a native of Shropshire, had entered Trinity College at the age of thirteen, under Doctor Stearne, in 1656, and was elected a Junior Fellow in 1662, at the age of nineteen. Dr. Ward appears to have at once become a favourite College tutor, for in the following year he and Mr. George Walker appear to have had by far the largest number of pupils. He was made Kegius Professor of Divinity, and Dean of Lismore, at the age of twenty-seven, and Provost at the age of thirty- one. He presided over the College for four years, when he was con- secrated Bishop of Ossory, and made Yice- Chancellor in 1678. He was promoted to the See of Derry in the following year. Bishop Ward died at the early age of thirty-nine. Harris, in his edition of Ware, tells us that " besides his accomplishments in learning, he was esteemed a person of fine conversation, and of great sagacity in dexterously managing proper conjunctures ; to which qualities his rise to so many preferments in so short a time was ascribed." It would appear that none of the eminent scholars who had been educated in Dublin was avail- able for succession to the Provostship. Dodwell had resigned his Fellowship, having had an objection to take holy orders ; Dopping had been lately made Bishop of Kildare ; George Walker had died when only seven years a Fellow ; and Pal- liser, who had been appointed Kegius Professor of Divinity on Provost Ward's promotion, was perhaps not considered suitable for the Provostship. Ormonde, who was Chancellor of Oxford, as well as of Dublin, selected a member of the former Uni- versity, Narcissus Marsh, D.D., who was at that time Principal of St. Alban's Hall. Marsh continued to hold the office for five years and a-half, when he, like his predecessor, was i 114 Provost Marsh. consecrated Bishop of Leighlin and Ferns. He afterwards held in succession the Archbishoprics of Cashel, of .Dublin, and of Armagh. His monument in St. Patrick's Cathedral states that he devoted his leisure hours to the study of mathematics and of natural philosophy, that he was distinguished for his ac- quaintance with languages, specially the Oriental, and that he was endowed with the highest knowledge of the sacred Scrip- tures and of ecclesiastical history. In his diary, preserved in manuscript in Marsh's Library, he writes thus : " Finding the place very troublesome, partly by reason of the multitude of business and important visits the Provost is obliged to, and partly by reason of the ill education that the young scholars have before they come to the College, whereby they are both rude and ignorant, I was quickly weary of 340 young men and boys in this lewd, debauched town, and the more so because I had no time to follow my dearly beloved studies."* Among the Smith MSS. in the Bodleian Library is pre- served a letterf from Marsh when Primate, in which he gives some account of the condition of the College during his resi- dence as Provost. He was particularly anxious, as he states, that the thirty Irish- born Scholars, who then enjoyed salaries equal to those of the Junior Fellows, should be thoroughly trained to speak and write the Irish language. He desired that these should be a body from which the parochial clergy of Ireland might be recruited, in order that the people should have the ministrations of religion in their own language. The majority of the Natives J had been born of English parents, and were " mostly of the meaner sort," but by having learned to speak Irish from their Irish nurses, or fosterers, acquired some acquaintance with the vernacular. However, they knew nothing of the grammar of the language, and could make no attempt to read it, or to write it. In order to counteract * For an interesting account of Archbishop Marsh, see Christian Examiner, vol. xi. p. 647. 1831. t Printed in the Christian Examiner, vol. ii. p. 762, 2nd series. 1833. % Marsh tells us that ' ' most of these native Scholars bred up in the College turned Papists in King James's reign." Page 769. Irish Services in the College Chapel. 115 this ignorance, Marsh determined that he would not elect to a native's place any scholar who was not ready to learn the Irish language thoroughly, and that he would not allow them to retain their places unless they made satisfactory progress. To enable them to do this, he employed a converted Roman Catholic priest, Paul Higgins, who was a good Irish scholar, and who had been admitted as a clergyman of the Irish Church, to reside in his house, and to give instruction to the Scholars of the College,* at a salary of 16 a-year and his board. He had also the Church Service read in Irish, and an Irish sermon preached by Higgins in the College Chapel on one Sunday afternoon in every month, at 3 P.M. These services seem to have been open to the public ; and we learn from Marsh's letters that the ancient Chapel was crowded by hearers on the occasion of the Irish sermons, the congregation numbering as many as three hundred. We have no record of the continu- ance of these Irish services after Marsh ceased to be Provost. He seems also to have taken a particular interest in the study s of mathematics in the College, for it was in his Provostship that the Professorship of Mathematics, established in the time of the Commonwealth, was united to the Donegal Lectureship, founded in 1668, and the Provost and Senior Fellows first exercised their right of election by appointing Dr. Miles Simmer, the holder of the former office, for which there was no certain endowment, to the latter office, which was endowed by the liberality of Arthur, Earl of Donegal. These mathe- matical lectures were delivered on three days each week. Provost Marsh also was one of a number of scientific men, resident in Dublin, who founded a Philosophical Society, which for a short time met in the Provost's lodgings. Sir William Petty was the President, William Molyneux, Secretary. St. George Ashe and other of the Fellows were active members of this society. * Bishop Dopping, in his letter to the Hon. Robert Boyle (Boyle's Life and Correspondence, vol. i.), gives an interesting account of these classes, at which he states Fellows and Students attended to the number of eighty, and that they, fol- lowing the Provost's example, made considerable progress in the Irish language. I 2 116 Erection of New Chapel and Hall. Papers on scientific subjects were read at the meetings, many of which were afterwards communicated to the Boyal Society of London, and published in the early volumes of the Philo- sophical Transactions.* They contemplated the foundation in Dublin of a scientific body similar to the Eoyal Society of London, and to apply for a Charter ; but the unfortunate cir- cumstances which occurred in the reign of James II. scattered the members of this body and put an end to its meetings. Provost Marsh having already published an edition of Philip de Trieu's Introduction to Logic, wrote a short elementary treatise on that subject for the use of the Undergraduates. This appears to have been the earliest text-book prepared for the Students. The principles upon which it was written are much more akin to those of Bacon than to the scholastic logic based upon Aristotle's system. The theory of the Inductive Method is clearly and correctly stated, and the method by which we arrive at scientific knowledge by sense, by experi- ment, by experience, and by induction, is very briefly but as accurately expounded as it would be in the best modern treatises on this science. Marsh, in his letter to Smith, above quoted, writes thus : < < Whilst I was Provost of the College, both the Hall and the Chappell being too little and straight to receive the number of Schollers that was then increasing very much each year, I resolved upon building a new Haft and Chappell (as well as enlarging the College, to which considerable acces- sions y r made to the value of above 6000 lb , nearer 7000 lb ). But I thought it most proper to begin with the house of God, and thereupon caused the foundation of a new Chappell (much larger than the former) to be laid, and before the Structure was half finished I was removed, and D r Huntingdon (who succeeded me) compleated the work, the College Treasury being at that time sufficient to pay all charges. In the meantime the Schollers were forced to attend prayers in the College Hall. When the Chappell was finish d , the next work was to build a larger Hall, and because the old one * Provost Marsh contributed an Essay on Sounds, with proposals for the im- provement of Acoustics. This has been published by the Eoyal Society. He is said to have been an accomplished musician, and to have understood thoroughly the scientific principles of harmony. Mr. Ashe's Papers on Geometry and As- tronomy are also among those in the Philosophical Transactions. Consecration of the Chapel. 117 could not be conveniently enlarged as it stood, it was necessary to pull that down and to build a larger in its place, both in length and breadth, which was the work of some years. Whilst this was doing the Schollers having no place to eat in, they were forced to make use of the Library for y* pur- pose, and because the books were not chaind, 'twas necessary that they should remove them into some other place . . . they laid them in heaps in some void rooms." The following entry is in the Eegister of the Diocese of Dublin : " 1684. 5 October. The ABp consecrated ye New Chapel of ye College of ye H. Trinity, extending from E. to West 82 feet and from N. to South 38 feet, reserving to himself and his successors ye right of visiting ye same manner as by the Statutes he has a right to visit the College at large. Provost Robert Huntingdon, D.D., and ye Fellows and Scholars, in their petition for this consecration, set forth that ye old Chapel built in proportion to the Model and Fabrick of Q. Elizabeth's College was too small to contain ye Students and was also much decayed. Therefore D r Narc. Marsh, ye late Provost, and Fellows were encouraged by Benefactions to proceed in rebuild- ing and enlarging their Chapel, which was now completed." This Chapel, so rebuilt, received the addition of a gallery in 1762, and was used for a period of one hundred and fifteen years; that is, until the erection of the present Chapel, on a different site, in 1798. The old fabric then pulled down was about the size of the present Chapel. Dr. Campbell, in his Philosophical Survey of Ireland, thus describes it in 1775 : " The Chapel is as mean a structure as you can conceive; destitute of monumental decoration within ; it is no better than a Welsh Church with- out. The old Hall, where College exercises are performed, is in the same range, and built in the same style." Page 12. Marsh was consecrated Bishop of Ferns on May 6, 1682, but he continued to be Provost until August, 1683. He resided in College until Easter, 1684. On the vacancy of the Provostship in 1683, Ormonde again turned to the University of Oxford, in order to select a suitable successor to Narcissus Marsh. He consulted Dr. Fell, then Bishop of Oxford, who strongly recommended Dr. Robert Huntingdon, Fellow of Merton College, as pre-eminently suited 118 Provos t Hun ting don . for the place. On the proposal being made to Huntingdon, he expressed great reluctance to undertake the duties of the office ; and it was only after the most urgent solicitations that he yielded an unwilling assent. He always spoke to his intimate friends of his residence in Ireland as an exile; Huntingdon was an eminent Oriental scholar. After being elected to his Fellow- ship he obtained the Chaplaincy at Aleppo, and for eleven years he lived in the East, collecting Syrian and other manu- scripts connected with the Holy Scriptures and the early history of the Eastern Church. The literary treasure which he thus procured, he afterwards gave to the Bodleian Library. Thomas Smith, the biographer of Huntingdon, states that the revenues of his Fellowship at Merton had been kept intact by his College, and were restored to him, on his return to reside at Oxford, after his long sojourn in the East. During that time his whole attention seems to have been de- voted to his Oriental studies, and he does not appear to have had much experience of University life, or of College men and College studies. His biographer tells us that when he did come to Dublin he sedulously applied himself to the main- tenance of College discipline, and by associating himself freely with the Fellows, encouraged them in their work of educating the Students. Provost Huntingdon was an intimate friend of Narcissus Marsh, and was a man of similar tastes. He felt that the only way to promote religion and civilization among the native Irish was to spread among them the Holy Scriptures in their own language. The New Testament had been already translated and printed ; and, in conjunction with Marsh, Huntingdon set himself to have the Old Testament also placed in the hands of those who could read the Irish tongue. The translation of the Canonical books was made under their direction, and was printed at the expense of the Honourable Robert Boyle.* * Full details of this Irish translation of the Holy Scriptures may be found in the letters of Bishop Dopping and Provost Marsh to Boyle, in Boyle's Life and Correspondence, vol. i. James's Letter in behalf of Greene. 119 Provost Huntingdon does not appear, however, to have con- tinued the instruction in Irish of the native Scholars, which Marsh had provided at his own cost; and it was probably a false rumour of an endowment of an Irish Lectureship, which remained unfilled, which led a man named Arthur Greene, a convert to the King's religion, and a Bachelor of Medicine, to apply to King James II. for a Eoyal letter to have him appointed to the supposed vacant place. No inquiry seems to have been made either by the Government or by Greene as to the existence of this endowment ; but a King's letter was sent to the Provost and Senior Fellows on the 7th August, 1686, ordering them to admit Greene " to the place of Irish Lecturer, founded by Sir Thurlough O'Neill, for which lands were settled upon the College, which was bound to pay 30 a-year to the lecturer." The letter stated that the place had been vacant for several years since Paul Higgins ceased to occupy the office ; and it directed that the accrued arrears should be paid to Greene. There was a meeting of the Board, and the following result of their deliberations appears in the College Eegister : " The result of this matter is, that whereas the groundwork or supposition whereon the King's grant was founded was altogether fictitious and untrue- no such foundation of any Irish Lectureship appearing in any of our Regis- tries, nor any other way whatever therefore Greene's letter could have no effect, it being wholly grounded on a misinformation of his Majesty. And it was further agreed upon by the Society that letters should be sent into England, to the Duke of Ormonde our Chancellor, and to the Earl of Sun- derland, containing an humble representation of the whole matter, and reasons why we cannot in this case do what the King requires, which might be shewed to his Majesty, if anyone offered to accuse us of disobedience. And the letters were accordingly sent into England." " On the 20th August, 1687, a letter from Mr. Secretary Sheridan was delivered to the College, wherein was signified that the Lord Deputy (Tyrconnell) did require an account why the Irish Lectureship was dis- continued in the College, and also demanded a copy of the Statutes of the College." On the following day a reply was sent to the Lord Deputy, to the effect that as far as the College was aware there was 120 Address from the College to the King. never any such foundation ; but that a few years ago some private persons did maintain an Irish lecture in the College; and in consequence of the withdrawal of their allowance the lecture had been discontinued. The Provost and Senior Fellows professed their readiness to have a copy of the statutes tran- scribed for the Lord Deputy, if he had not one already lodged with him.* With this answer the Lord Deputy seemed to be satisfied. On the 20th of October a copy of the statutes was delivered to Mr. Secretary Sheridan for the Lord Deputy. In September, 1687, the King had come to Chester, and Tyrconnell had crossed over to confer with him, and to take his directions as to his future dealings with the Protestants of Ireland. The College took occasion also to send two of the Fellows, Mr. George Browne (afterwards Provost), and Mr. Barton, to wait upon his Majesty while at Chester, and to present the following Address : " Your Majesties near approach to your Kingdom of Ireland, as it does influence your subjects here in generall, so it particularly affects your Uni- versity and College of Dublin, founded, endowed, and defended by your Royal Predecessors and Ancestors of glorious and immortal memory. Where- fore we readily embrace this advantageous opportunity, and humbly beg leave to express our thankfulness to your Majesty for the great quiet and freedom we enjoy under your most gracious protection and government, to improve both ourselves and others in all manner of vertue and good litter a- ture. The principles of our loyalty being the same that the Church of England professes, whilst we keep our Religion we can never foregoe our allegiance ; and therefore we presume upon the continuance of your Ma- jesties goodnes and clemency, and shall always, as conscience and gratitude indispensably oblige us, make our devoutest prayers to Almighty God for your welfare and felicity, that you may enjoy a long and prosperous reign in this world, and eternal glory in the next. " Your Majesties most loyal, most humble, and most obedient subjects and servants, " THE PROVOST, FELLOWS, AND SCHOLARS, " Of Trinity College, near Dublin." * The College Statutes had not at that time been printed, but were copied in manuscript as occasion required. The King's Mandamus to admit Doyle. 121 When the Address was read to the King by George Browne, he returned a very curt answer in the fewest possible words : " I thank you for your Address, and I don't doubt of your Loyalty, or of any others of the Church of England." In taking this course the Provost and Senior Fellows must have been influenced by the knowledge that in the previous year the King had appointed a Eoman Catholic, John Massey, to the Deanery of Christ Church, Oxford, and that both in that College, and in University College, Eoman Catholic rites were publicly performed ; and that, in the April of 1687, the High Commission had deprived Doctor John Pechell of his office of Yice-Chancellor of Cambridge, and of his emoluments as head of a College, for refusing to act in opposition to the laws of England. On the 13th of the following February (168|-) a mandamus came from the King to the College to admit a man named Bernard Doyle to a Fellowship, vacant by the deprivation in the previous June of Greorge Mercer, who had been reported by the Archbishop of Dublin (Francis Marsh), the Visitor of the College, to the Provost and Senior Fellows as being married. Doyle, who had been a Sizar of the College, and who had been admitted to the M.A. degree, per specialem gratiam, in 1685, was at that time an assistant master in a school at Drogheda. He had become a Eoman Catholic. The King's letter ordered the College to admit him as a Fellow, without administering to him any oath except that of a Fellow. There had been several cases in the reign of Charles II. in which the King had exercised this dispensing power reserved to the Crown by the statutes, and had ordered the admission of Fellows without the usual statutable examination and election. The oath of a Fellow at that time was not only that prescribed by the College statutes to be taken before the Provost, and which the Crown on several occasions had already dispensed with, but also an oath imposed by the Act of Uniformity of Charles II., which every Fellow of a College was bound to take before the Vice- 122 Doyle's Moral Character. Chancellor, pledging himself, among other things, to conform to the Liturgy of the Church of England. Doyle was present at a meeting of the Board at which the mandamus was read, and he was asked whether he would take the oath of a Fellow. When this was read to him, he refused to he sworn, and he was directed to meet the Provost and Senior Fellows again the next day at nine o'clock in the morning, that the case might be represented to the Lord Deputy. There is no record in the College Eegister that he did so attend; but we find that on the 17th of February the Provost waited on the Lord Deputy, and acquainted him with the reason why he could not admit Mr. Doyle. The principal ground assigned was that he refused to take the oath prescribed by the King in his mandate. Other reasons were assigned, namely, Doyle's dissolute habits and his want of learning.* The Lord Deputy immediately sent orders to the Mayor of Drogheda to make investigation into the conduct of Mr. Doyle while he was usher in a school there, and lived in that town. Mr. Dive Downes, one of the Fellows, was deputed to proceed to Drogheda on the 8th of March, and on the 9th, 10th, and 12th of that month the depositions on oath of several witnesses were taken, by which it was clearly proved that Doyle had been guilty of immorality, having had two illegitimate children in that town ; also of thefts, drunkenness, and other crimes. Copies of these depositions remain among the College papers. f "We cannot fail to be struck with the similarity of the cha- racter of Doyle to that of Anthony Farmer, whom the King had attempted to force the Fellows of Magdalene College, Oxford, to elect as President in April, 1687. And if we bear in mind that the King's treatment of the Fellows of Mag- dalene in the October of that year, when they resisted the * The full representation made by the Board to Tyrconnell may be found in the Dublin Magazine for August, 1762. t Archbishop King informs us that in consequence of this refusal of the College to admit Doyle, Tyrconnell withdrew the College Concordatum of 388 paid by the Exchequer, from Easter, 1688, and could not by intercession or entreaty be per- suaded to grant his warrant for it after that time (State of Protestants, sec. Ixxix.). Pretended Plot to Murder Tyrconnell. 123 intrusion of Bishop Parker on their College, was widely known, we must admire the courage displayed by the Provost and Fellows of Trinity College Dublin, under similar circum- stances, four months afterwards. It would appear that King James had been imposed upon by Doyle, for we hear no more about him. Archdeacon Eowan, in his interesting work on The Case and Conduct of the College, cites from the " Lansdowne MSS." in the British Museum a letter of James to the Lords Deputies of Ireland, probably written about the end of 1685, in which he mentions an order which he had previously sent to them on the 27th March in that year, directing them to administer the oaths of allegiance and supremacy to all officers and soldiers in the Irish army, and to all governors of towns and castles; and that he had decided to dispense with these oaths in the case of several officers whom he named, among the rest Colonel Richard Talbot, created Earl of Tyrconnell in March, 1686. The case of Doyle is another instance of the King's attempt to set aside an Act of Parliament. Lord Clarendon, who had succeeded Ormonde as Lord Lieu- tenant, and who soon gave place to Tyrconnell, tells us in his diary, under the date. January 21, 168-J, that "the Provost of the College was with me in some trouble, having met with a report of a plot being discovered as if some of the Students had a design to murder Lord Tyrconnell ! When he came, he could not trace it to the bottom, but it was said Judge Nugent had taken some examinations upon it." Clarendon laughed at the idea, and recommended the Provost to take some discreet person with him, and to call on Judge Nugent on the matter. The Provost, accompanied by Dr. Browne, at once called on Nugent, who admitted that he had taken some informations, but refused to allow the Provost to see them. When asked further on the subject, he said that all the examinations he had taken were upon hearsay. Clarendon " thought it looked like a design to * make a plot/ a method with which he had been sufficiently acquainted in England in 124 The College Plate. the time of Oates's plot." He pressed the Judge upon the matter, who said there was still another person to be examined. Clarendon ordered Sir Paul Bycout to be with the Judge when that person was examined. On the 25th of January, Judge Nugent, after some pressing, having been ordered to bring all the informations to the Lord Lieutenant, Clarendon writes : " In the afternoon Judge Nugent brought me an account in writing of the matter relating to the College, which he owned was a very ridiculous business. So that whatever becomes of me, the College can have no pre- judice from this sham project ; and for that reason I left those papers the Judge gave me with the Provost, who was with me this evening." It is quite clear that an attempt was made by Nugent, Sheridan, and some others, to bring the College into disrepute with James through the influence of Tyrconnell. It was about this time that the difficulty arose between the Irish Government and the College as to the sale of the College plate. We have seen that from the foundation of the College con- siderable presents of plate had been made to it on the occasion of the entrance of the sons of leading Irish families. A fixed sum out of the admission fees of every Pensioner and Fellow Commoner was set apart for the purchase of plate ; and as there were no means of investing money at that time in such a way that the amount invested, or put aside, could be readily realized, the purchase of plate was a safe way of keeping assets which could be easily turned into money at any emergency. The College had a considerable accumulation of plate which, as we have seen, was all sold or pawned to meet the daily wants of the College between 1641 and 1649 ; yet in the years between the Eestoration and 1686, a large amount of surplus plate had again accumulated. At that time the extension of the buildings of the College was in progress. We have seen that in addition to the original Quadrangle, several sets of chambers had been erected by pri- vate individuals on the site of the present Parliament Square. The Old Front Square. 125 These were called after the names of the donors such as Baker's Buildings, Eadcliffe's Buildings, Scot's Buildings, or Alexander's Buildings. Other benefactors had liberally con- tributed ; and the front square (as it then existed) was closed in by the erection of a gate-house by the means of 200 given by Dr. Michael Boyle, Archbishop of Armagh ; and it was considered necessary to complete what was called the " Great Court." We find in the College Eegister of January 17, 168f : - ' ' The Provost and Senior Fellows considered that at this time materials for buildings are cheap, and that workmen may be hired at easy rates, have agreed on to finish the buildings, where the foundation is laid on the south side of the Great Court,* and to that end they have resolved to ask leave of the Visitors of the College to sell so much of the plate as will be sufficient to defray the charge of the said buildings." A memorial was presented to the Visitors, and their answer was received by the 24th January, permitting the sale of the plate for the purpose of either building or of purchasing land. On the 26th of January a petition was presented to the Earl of Clarendon, then Lord Lieutenant, asking permission to sell the plate in London, instead of in Dublin, "since exchange runs so high at present." On the 29th of January the Lord Lieu- tenant granted leave to the College to transport into England 5000 ounces of wrought plate, duty free. On the 7th of February 3990 ounces of plate were shipped on board the " Eose " of Chester, consigned to Mr. Hussey, a merchant of London, who was directed to insure a considerable portion of it. On the 12th of February Lord Tyrconnell was sworn into office as successor to the Earl of Clarendon ; and on the 14th he gave directions to have the College plate seized on board * From an entry in the College Eegister, February 19, 16f, it appears that the cost of one bay of building in the south side of the great Quadrangle was 607 19*. 9<7., of which Mr. William Worth contributed 202 13s. M. ; and in consideration of this he and his heirs for ever were granted the disposal of one middle room on the first stairs of this building to his son or other relation ; and four Worth Exhibitioners were given rooms in this house. 126 Sale of the College Plate. ship ; and it was brought on shore, and lodged in the Custom House by order of the Lord Deputy. Whereupon the College made application to have the property belonging to the Body given back to it ; to which the Lord Deputy's reply was, that he had written to the King concerning it, and that he had no doubt they should have it ultimately restored to them. On the 2nd of April the plate was restored to the College on a promise that they would " no otherwise employ it but for the public use, benefit, and improvement of the College, nor transport it from Ireland without the permission of the au- thorities ;" and on the 7th it was brought from the Custom House, and deposited for safe keeping " in a closet in the Provost's lodging ;" and the Board at once decided that the produce of the plate should be laid out in the purchase of land, and that such purchase should be inquired after. On the 8th of June an offer was made by Mr. John Sandes, in the Queen's County, to sell Monaquid, Coolnapish, Cappa- beg, and Cappaneary, in that county (the estate now called Monaquid and Cappaneary), to the College for 1150. On the 5th of July the Board offered to Mr. Sandes to pay him 1000 in money from the sale of the College plate, and to give him a twenty-one years' lease of the lands at 80 a-year. If he refused the Board decided to offer Sir George St. Greorge eight gears' purchase for his land in the county of Kilkenny. On the 21st of November the plate was ordered to be sold to Mr. Benjamin Burton, at 5s. per ounce, to purchase Monaquid from John Sandes. On the first day of April following Burton purchased 3960J ounces, for which he gave his bond to pay 990 2s. Qd* On the 7th of February, 168, the Lord Deputy sent for the Provost about the sale of the plate by the College, which he said was " against his command, and their former obligations." The Provost told him that it was to purchase 80 a-year for the College. The Lord Deputy said that "he * 15 was afterwards repaid to Mr. Burton for a portion of the plate that was not sterling. Purchase of Monaquid. 127 did not know but 80 a-year might be as good for the College as the plate ; " but he directed them to hold their hands until he had consulted the Attorney- General (Nagle). It is clear that Nugent, having now become Chief Justice, was a bitter enemy of the College, and at the bottom of all this trouble, for we find that he took upon himself to send for Mr. Burton, and to examine him as to the purchase of the plate. Burton admitted that he had done so, and the Chief Justice charged him with having bought stolen plate which belonged to the King, and bound him over to prosecute the Provost and Senior Fellows at the next Term. The Provost afterwards consulted the Attorney- General, who, upon hearing the whole matter, approved of the design of the College to buy land with the proceeds of the plate, and promised to give a true representation of the affair to his Ex- cellency. On the 17th February the Lord Deputy told the Provost that he had discoursed with the Lord Chancellor and some of the Judges about it, and thought that matter might be accommodated. He bid the Provost to beware of the title of the land, and to consult the Attorney- General, which the College afterwards did; and Nagle gave his advice and assistance in the drawing up of the deeds relating to the purchase of the land; and on the 12th of April, 1688, the purchase of Mr. Sandes' estate was completed at 1150, the balance of the plate money being paid out of the common chest. It was during the progress of these negotiations that the College presented the Address to the King at Chester, and the affair of Bernard Doyle occurred. The events of the years 1689 and 1690 are best related in the words of the College Register : " January 9, 168f . The College stock being very low, and there being little hopes of the coming in of the rents, the following retrenchment of the College expenses was agreed upon by the Vice-Provost and Senior Fellows. "January 24, 168|. The Visitors of the College did approve of the said retrenchment, which is as follows : Ordered by the Vice-Provost and Senior Fellows, because the College is reduced to a low condition by the 128 Retrenchment of Expenses. infelicity of the times (no tenants paying any rents, and at present our stock being almost exhausted), it was ordered that there should be a re- trenchment of our expenses according to the model following ; the approba- tion of our Visitors being first obtained : " Inp. That there shall be but one meal a- day in the Hall, and that a dinner, because the supper is the more expensive meal by reason of coals, &c. 2. That every Fellow be allowed but three pence in the Kitchen per diem, and one penny in the Buttery. 3. That the Scholars be allowed their full allowance according to the Statutes, but after this manner, viz. : To each Scholar in the Kitchen two pence per diem, except on Friday, on which but three half pence. To each Scholar in the Buttery his usuall allowance, which was one penny half penny per diem. To each Scholar at night shall be allowed out of the Buttery one half penny in cheese or butter, except on Friday night, and that will compleat the Statute allowance. 4. That whereas the Statute allowance to each Fellow in Buttery and Kitchen is five shillings and three pence per week, and the present allow- ance comes but to two shillings and four pence, therefore it is ordered that whenever the College is able, the first payments shall be made to the Fellows to compleat their Statute allowance in Commons. All these clauses above mentioned are to be understood in relation to those that are resident. And if it shall happen that the Society shall be forc't to break up, and quit the place through extreme necessity, or any publick calamity, that then all members of the said Society shall for the interim have full title and claim to all profits and allowances in their severall stations and offices respectively, when it shall please God to bring about a happy restoration. 5. That pro- portionable deductions be made from what was formerly allow'd to the Cooks for decrements, furzes, &c. 6. That the additional charge of Satur- day's dinners be laid aside. 7. That for the future no Scholar of the House be allow'd Commons that is indebted to his Tutor, and that no Master of Arts, Fellow Commoner, or Pensioner, be kept in Commons that has not deposited sufficient caution money in the Bursar's hands. 8. That whereas we are resolved to keep up the Society as long as possibly we can, therefore 'tis ordered that as soon as the College money shall fail, all the plate now in our custody be sold or pawned to defray the charges above mentioned. We, the Visitors of the College above mentioned, having considered the expediency of the above retrenchment, do allow and approve thereof. < FRANCIS DUBLIN. * ANT. MEATS. 1 RICHARD ACTON, Vice- Provost. 1 GEORGE BROWN. ' DIVE DOWNES. ' JOHN BARTON. ' BEN. SCROGGS." The College seized by James's Troops. 129 " January 24, 1680. It was agreed upon by the Vice-Provost and Senior Fellows that the Manuscripts in the Library, the Patents, and other writ- ings belonging to the College, be transported into England. At the same time it was resolved that the remainder of the plate should be immediately sold, excepting the Chappel Plate. The same day the College waited on the Lord Deputy, and desired leave to transport the remainder of their plate into England, because they could not sell it here without great loss. " The Lord Deputy refused leave. " February 19, 1689. It was agreed on by the Vice-Provost and Senior Fellows that two hundred pounds of the College money should be sent into England for the support of those Fellows that should be forc't to fly thither. At the same time the dangers of staying in the College seemed so great that it was judged reasonable that all those that thought lit to withdraw themselves from the College for their better security might have free liberty so to do. " February 25, 168|. All the Horse, Foot, and Dragoons, were drawn out and posted at severall places in the town, from whence they sent parties, who searcht the Protestant houses for arms, whilst others were employed in breaking into stables and taking away all their horses. Two Companies of Foot, commanded by Talbot, one of the Captains in the Royal Regiment of Foot Guards, came into the College, searcht all places, and took away those few fusils, swords, and pistols, that they found. At the same time a party of Dragoons broke open the College stables and took away all the horses. The Foot continued in the College all night ; the next day they were drawn off. On the same day it was agreed on by the Vice-Provost and Senior Fellows that the Fellows and Scholars should receive out of the College trunk (the two hundred pounds not being sent into England as was de- sign'd) their salaries for their respective Fellowships, Offices, and Scholar- ships, which will be due at the end of this current quarter, together with their allowance for Commons for the said quarter. "March 1, 168. Dr. Browne, Mr. Downes, Mr. Barton, Mr. Ashe, and Mr. Smyth, embark't for England ; soon after follow'd Mr. Scroggs, Mr. Leader, Mr. Lloyd, Mr. Sayers, and Mr. Hasset. Mr. Patrick son soon after died ; and (of ye Fellows) only Dr. Acton, Mr. Thewles, Mr. Hall, and Mr. Allen, continued in the College. "March 12, 168f. King James landed in Ireland ; and upon the 24th of the same month, being Palm Sunday, he came to Dublin. The College, with the Vice- Chancellor, waited upon him, and Mr. Thewles made a speech, which he seemed to receive kindly, and promis'd 'em his favour and pre- tection ;* but upon the 16th of September, 1689, without any offence as much * ' ' He promised that he would preserve them in their liberties and properties, and rather augment than diminish the privileges and immunities granted to them by his predecessors." Abp. King's State of Protestants, sec. Ixxix. K 130 The Felloivs and Scholars Ejected. as pretended, the College was seized on for a garrison by the King's order, the Fellows turned out, and a llegiment of Foot took possession and con- tinued in it. "June 13, 1689. Mr. Arthur Greene* having petitioned the King for a Senior Fellowship. The case was refer'd to Sir Richard Nagle ; upon which he sent an order to the Vice-Provost and Fellows to meet him at his house on Monday, the 17th, to shew reason why the aforesaid petition shud not be granted. The reasons offer'd were many, part of 'em drawn from false allegations in the petition, part from the petitioner's incapacity in several respects to execute the duty of a Senior Fellow ; and the conclusion was in these words : There are much more important reasons drawn, as well from the Statutes relating to religion, as from the obligation of oaths which we have taken, and the interests of our religion, which we will never de- sert, that render it wholly impossible, without violating our consciences, to have any concurrence, or to be any way concerned, in the admission of him. " July 24. The Vice-Provost and Fellows, with consent of the Vice- Chancellor, sold a peece of plate weighing about 30 ounces for subsistence of themselves and the Scholars that remained. " September 6. The College was seized on for a Garrison by the King's order, and Sir John Fitzgerald took possession of it. Upon Wednesday the llth, it was made a prison for the Protestants of the City, of whom a great number were confined to the upper part of the Hall. Upon the 16th the Scholars were all turned out by souldiers, and ordered to carry nothing with 'em but their books. But Mr. Thewles and some others were not permitted to take their books with 'em. Lenan, one of the Scholars of the House, was sick of the sinall-pox, and died,^as it was supposed, by removing. At the same time the King sent an order to apprehend six of the Fellows and Masters, and commit 'em to the main guard, and all this without any pro- vocation or crime as much as pretended ; but the Bishop of Meath, our Vice- Chancellor, interceded with the King, and procured the last order to be stopt. " September 28. The Chappel-plate and the Mace were seized on and taken away. The plate was sent to the Custom-house by Colonel Lutterel's order ; but it was preserved by Mr. Collins, one of the Commissioners of the Revenue. " October 21. Several persons, by order of the Government, seized upon the Chappel and broke open the Library. The Chappel was sprinkled and new consecrated and Mass was said in it ; but afterwards being turned into a storehouse for powder, it escaped all further damage. The Library and Gardens and the Provost's lodgings were committed to the care of one * See before August 7, 1G86. Petition of the Roman Catholic Bishops. 131 Macarty, a Priest and Chaplain to ye King, who preserved 'em from the violence of the souldiers, but the Chambers and all other things belonging to ye College were miserably defaced and ruined."* We find in the Dublin Magazine for August, 1762, p. 54, the following petition of the Eoman Catholic Prelates of Ire- laud, which was probably presented to James II. at this time : " HUMBLY SHEWETH " That the Royal College of Dublin is the only University of this Kingdom, and now wholly at your Majesty's disposal, the teachers and scholars having deserted it. " That before the Reformation it was common to all the natives of this country, as the other most famous Universities of Europe to theirs, re- spectively, and the ablest Scholars of this Nation preferred to be professors and teachers therein, without any distinction of orders, congregations, or politic bodies, other than that of true merit, as the competent judges of learning and piety, after a careful and just scrutiny did approve. " That your petitioners being bred in foreign Colleges and Universities, and acquainted with many of this Nation, who in the said Universities purchased the credit and renown of very able men in learning, do humbly conceive themselves to be qualified for being competent and proper judges of the fittest to be impartially presented to your Majesty, and employed as such directors and teachers (whether secular or regular clergymen) as may best deserve it, which as is the practice of other Catholic Universities, so it will undoubtedly prove a great encouragement to learning, and very ad- vantageous to this Nation, entirely devoted to your Majesty's interest. "Your petitioners therefore do most humbly pray that your Majesty may be graciously pleased to let your Irish Catholic subjects make use of the said College for the instruction of their youth, and that it may be a general Seminary for the clergy of this Kingdom, and that either all the bishops, or such of them as your Majesty will think lit (by your Royal authority and commission), present the most deserving persons to be di- rectors and teachers in the said College, and to oversee it, to the end it may be well ruled and truly governed, and pure orthodox doctrine, piety and virtue be taught and practised therein, to the honour and glory of God, propagation of his true religion, and general good of your Majesty's subjects in this realm, and as in duty bound they will ever pray," &c. * " Many of the chambers were turned into prisons for Protestants. The Gar- rison destroyed the doors, wainscots, closets, and floors, and damnified it in the building and furniture of private rooms, to at least the value of two thousand pounds." King, sec. Ixxix. K 2 132 Petition of the College to James II. And the following petition of the heads of the College appears upon the Register: " To THE KING'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY. " THE HUMBLE PETITION OF THE VICE-PROVOST, FELLOWS, AND SCHOLARS OF TRINITY COLLEGE, NEAR DUBLIN, " HUMBLY SHEWETH ''That your Petitioners have continued in the College under your Majesty's most gracious protection, acting pursuant to the Statutes and Charters granted by your Majesty's lloyal Father and others your Royal Ancestors, And during your Majesty's absence upon the 6th day of Sep- tember last, by orders pretended to be derived from your Majesty, Guards were placed in the said College, That upon ye 16th of ye said month Sir John Fitzgerald came with a great body of armed men, and forceably dis- possest your Petitioners, and not only dis-seized them of their tenure and freehold, but also seized on the private goods of many of your Petitioners, to their great damage and the ruin and destruction of that place ; that upon the 28th of the said month, under pretence for a search for arms, seizure was made by one Hogan of the Sacred Chalice and other holy vessels be- longing to ye Altar of the Chappel, and also of the Mace; that upon the 21st of October several persons pretending orders from the Government broke open the door of the Library, and possest themselves of the Chappel : by all which proceedings your Petitioners conceive themselves totally ejected out of their freehold, and despoiled of their propertyes and goods, contrary to your Majesty's laws, tho' your Petitioners have acted nothing against their duty either as subjects or members of ye College. May it therefore please," &c. " November 20, 1689. The Vice-Provost and Fellows met together and elected the same officers that were chosen the year before. " Facta est ha?c Electio a Vice Prgeposito et suis Junioribus locum Soci- orum Seniorum supplentibus, quam Pra3posito et Sociis Senioribus (cum conveniat) vel contirmandain, vel irritam reddendam reliquimus. R. Acton, G. Thewles, Js. Hall, J. Allen. "December. About the beginning of this month Dr. Acton died of a fever. " At the Court at Dublin Castle, April llth, 1690. Present the King's Most Excellent Majestic in Council. " Whereas His Majestie has been gratiously pleased to appoint the Right Honorable the L d High Chancellor of Ireland to visit and view Trinity College, near Dublin, and the Records and Library thereunto belonging, and whereas his Majestie is given to understand this day in Council that Mr. Return of the Fellows and Scholars. 133 George Thewles and Mr. John Hall have several Keyes belonging to ye said College in their custody, and refuse to deliver the same to his Lordship in order to view the said College records and Library ; his Majestic is gra- tiously pleased to order, and doth hereby order the said Mr. George Thewles and John Hall, or either of them, forthwith to deliver the said Keyes to the L d High Chancellor, as they shall answer the same at their peril. " HUGH REILY, Copia Vera. "Upon receipt of this Mr. Thewles and Mr. Hall consulted the Vice- Chancellor and delivered the Keyes. "April 15, 1690. Then received from Mr. George Thewles and Mr. John Hall, by his Majesties order in Council, ten Keyes belonging to the trunks and presses in the repository of ye College of Dublin by me. "FYTTON, C. " June 14, 1690 King William landed at Carrick Fergus, and the same day Mr. Thewles died of a fever. ''July 1, 1690. The armies of the English and Irish engaged at the Boyne, and the Irish being routed, King James returned that night to Dublin, and commanded his army not to plunder or do any harm to the city, which order was observed by ye Irish. " July 15, 1690. Mr. Scroggs landed, and immediately after Dr. Browne, and then Mr. Downes, Mr. Reader, the Provost, &c. " The Fellows and Scholars that returned were allowed their Commons, but their salary was reduced by agreement to the old Statute allowance, both for Fellowships and places, till the College revenues shall increase. " Before King William left Ireland he gave order to ye College to seize upon all books that belonged to forfeiting Papists ; but the order not being known till about half a-year after, the greatest part of the books were lost, but those which were recovered, and worth anything, were placed in the Countess of Bath's library." Archbishop King, when detailing the circumstances which attended the passing of the Act of Attainder by the Irish Parliament of James II., states the reason why the Provost, Fellows, and Scholars of the College were omitted. Mr. Coghlan was one of the Representatives of the College in that Parliament, and being disgusted with the proceedings he ab- sented himself from the House ; but when the Bill of Attainder was about to pass he was sent for by the House of Commons and asked to supply the names of the absent members of the College, in order that their names should be inserted in the 134 Doctor Michael Moore. Bill. He declined at first to do so ; but the House insisted ; and he then went out to consult Doctor Acton, the Vice- Provost ; and on returning he moved that the Clerk of the Buttery should be sent for in order that the College books should be before the House, as without these he could not supply the names. The Sergeant-at~Arms proceeded to the College to bring up the Clerk of the Buttery, but that officer, having received a hint from Mr. Coghlan, could not be found, and was absent for some days until the Bill was passed. In the year 1689, James, at the instigation of Tyrconnell, placed a secular priest of the Church of Rome, Doctor Michael Moore, over the College. In this he was supported by the unanimous advice of the Roman Catholic Bishops. The College was then occupied as a barrack by James's soldiers ; the Chapel was used as a magazine for ammunition ; and in many of the chambers Protestants were imprisoned. Dr. Moore, aided by Teigue MacCarthy, a Roman Catholic priest, and Chaplain to the King, preserved the Library and manuscripts in the general disorder. November 20, 1690. The elections for the year ensuing were made as follows : Dr. Browne, Yice-Provost and Bursar ; Mr. Downes, Senior Dean and Mathematical Professor ; Mr. Scroggs, Senior Lecturer and Registrar; Mr. Reade, Proctor for both degrees ; Mr. Hall, Junior Dean and Sub-Lecturer ; Mr. Allen and Mr. Hasset, Sub-Lecturers. It is interesting to know something of these four Fellows who so nobly adhered to their duties to the College in such evil days. Dr. Acton was born in Cheshire in 1646 ; Mr. Thewles was of a Meath family, and born in 1659 ; Mr. Allen was of a Down family, and born in 1664 ; Mr. Hall was born in Kerry, in 1659. Mr. Hall afterwards became Yice-Provost and Rector of Ardstraw and Rahy. He died in 1735, having rebuilt the Church of Ardstraw, in 1724. Mr. Allen was Sub-Lecturer in 1691, and he resigned his Junior Fellowship on February 24, 1691. We have no further record of his life. Proceedings after the Return of the Felloivs. 135 On the 1st of May, 1691, a notice was fixed upon the Chapel door by the Provost and Senior Fellows, stating that in consequence of the poverty of the College, and the late troublous times which had interfered with the studies of the Students, the election of Fellows and Scholars was deferred until the 20th of November following. And on the 13th of November it was, for the same reasons, postponed until the statutable time in J692. At the election of annual officers which followed, a Sub-Lecturer of the third, or Junior Sophister, class was not appointed, on the ground that " there were no Students in that class by reason of the times." On the 3rd of May, 1692, a notice was placed upon the Chapel door stating that the usual examinations for Fellowship and Scholarship would be held, but that the Provost and Senior Fellows would elect only as many as the very slender funds of the College would enable it to support, and that those elected would not receive any emoluments until after the 20th of the following November. On the 21st of May, the Provost being in Eng- land, the Vice-Provost and Senior Fellows met to consider the revenue and charges of the College, and finding that "the income would, in all probability, be sufficient by next All Saints, to maintain half the number of Scholars and all the Fellows, according to the new allowance both for Fellowships and places, it was ordered that what Fellows were found fit should be chosen, and also Scholars to the number of thirty- five or forty ; but if the income should be less than was expected, that their allowances should be proportionately abated." Eventually three Fellows and twenty-two Scholars were elected. To others half the benefit of a Scholar's place was allowed, and to some a third part. On the 12th September, 1692, "the Vice-Provost, Fellows, and all the Scholars, Masters, Fellow Commoners, Pensioners, and Sizars, went to Stephen's Green, and afterwards to the Hospital,* to vote for Parliament men for the city;f and * King's Hospital, Oxmantown. t This was not the first occasion upon which the College, as a Corporation, took 136 Provost St. Georye Ashe. accordingly Sir Michael Mitchell, Lord Mayor, and Mr. Thomas Coote, the Kecorder, for whom they voted, were elected burgesses. On the 17th September the Vice-Pro vost, Fellows, and Scholars met in the Hall, and unanimously gave their votes (one by one according to seniority) for Sir Cyril Wych and Mr. William Moleyneux, the first having the Grace of the house given him for Doctor of Laws, and the other for Master of Arts." (College Register.} On the resignation of the Provostship by Dr. Huntingdon, St. Greorge Ashe was appointed to that office on October 3, 1692, and a piece of plate was ordered to be presented to Dr. Huntingdon as a testimonial of " his great care and kindness to the Society and the members of it, especially in their neces- sity,, lately in England." And we find by the list of benefactors that Dr. Huntingdon gave to the College a large piece of plate value 30 a salver, on which his Arms are engraved, and which is still preserved with the other College plate. Dr. Huntingdon was consecrated Bishop of Eaphoe on July 13, 1701. On the following day he became ill, and lingered until the 2nd of September, when he died, in Dublin, and was buried near the door of the College Chapel. A large number of persons followed his remains ; the Provost, Fellows, and Scholars, in order of seniority. Dr. Baldwin delivered a Latin oration on the occasion. The first Centenary, or Secular-day, since the foundation of the College, was observed on the 9th of January, 169 the Bursar having received directions on the 30th December to lay out so much money as should be necessary in order to prepare matters for the due celebration of the day. The order and method of the ceremony were published on the day before : " In the morning there were the customary prayers in the Chapel and a sermon. part in the election of burgesses for the City of Dublin. The Register of the Col- lege records that on April- 18, 1661, "The Provost, Fellows, and Scholars voted upon St. Stephen's Green for two burgesses for the city, viz. Alderman Smyth, and William Davis, Esq., Recorder, and in the afternoon subscribed the indenture." First Centenary of the College. 137 " At 2 P.M., after a musical instrumental performance, an oration was made by Peter Browne, F.T.C., containing a panegyric in honour of Queen Elizabeth : * Deus nobis heec otia fecit." Dominus Maude, Fellow Com- moner, followed with a Carmen Seculaje in Latin hexameters * A spice venture la?tentur ut omnia seclo sequitur ramis insignis olivse.' Then Benjamin Pratt, F.T.C., followed with praise of King James the First: ' Munificentissimi Academies auctoris;' ' pariter pietate vel armis egregii.' " George Carr, F.T.C., commemorated the Chancellors of the Uni- versity during the preceding century ' Nee nos iterum meminisse pigebit Elisa?.' " Sir Richard Gethinge, Bart., followed with an English poem in memory of the illustrious founder of the College. "Robert Mossom, F.T.C., delivered a Latin oration in praise of Charles the First and Charles the Second ' Heu pietas, heu prisca fides . . . . . . Amavit nos quoque Daphnis.' Then followed a recitation of some pastoral verses by Dr. Tighe and Dr. Denny, Fellow Commoners, bearing upon the revival of the University by William and Mary * Jam fides et pax, et honor pudorque Priscus, et neglecta redire Virtus Audet.' 11 A thanksgiving ode was then sung, accompanied by instrumental music. " A grateful commemoration of the benefits which the City of Dublin had conferred upon the University, by Richard Baldwin, F.T.C. ' Laudabunt alii claram Rhodon aut Mitylenen.' " Verses commemorating the hospitality shewn to the members of the University when dispersed, by the sister Universities of Oxford and Cam- bridge, were recited by Benjamin Hawkshaw, B.A., William Tisdall, B.A., Jeremiah Harrison, B.A. ' . . . Quales decet esse Sorores.' " Then there was a Latin debate on the subject, ' Whether the Sciences and Arts are more indebted to the Ancients or the Moderns.' " For the Ancients Nicholas Foster, B.A. " For the Moderns Robert Cashin, B.A. 138 Chapel Services on First Centenary. Then followed a ' Carmen seculare lyricum,' recited by Anthony Dopping, son of the Bishop of Meath ' Alterum in lustrum meliusque semper Proroget cevum.' " Concerning the increase of University studies, in an humourous speech by Thomas Leigh, B.A. "Eugene Lloyd, Proctor of the University, closed the Acts. " A skilled band of musicians followed the procession as they left the building."* The Sermon was preached by the Provost, Dr. Ashe, upon Matthew xxvi. 13, concerning the duty of Gratitude, which he applied to the commemoration of our Eoyal Foundress. Several of the Senior Fellows assisted at Divine Service. The First Lesson was i. Chronicles xxix., verses 3-19 ; the Second Lesson, Ecclesiasticus xxxix., verses 1-16. The Epistle, Ezra vi., verses 7-13 ; the Gospel, Matthew v., verses 13-17. The Anthem was Eevelation vii., verses 9-13. f The solemnity was honoured with the presence of the Lords Justices, accompanied by the Lord Bishop of Meath, Vice-Chancellor (who at the opening of the Act made a Latin speech concerning the an- tiquity of learned Foundations, and their usefulness to the public), and by several other bishops, by the Lord Mayor, the nobility, and most of the gentry of the city. The whole ceremony concluded with the illumination of all the windows of the College, and of that part of the town next to it. The several Compositions recited were deposited in the Manuscript Room of the Library. * The above is a translation of the Latin entry in the Register. The quotations, or paraphrases, are either the mottoes appended to the compositions, or selected from them as a kind of key to the tenour of the poems. t "I beheld, and lo, a great multitude." (Blow.) CHAPTER VI. THE STUDIES OF THE UNIVERSITY DURING THE FIRST CENTURY OF ITS EXISTENCE. IN the Statutes prepared by Laud, very express directions are given with respect to the details of the education to be imparted to the Students. These appear to be in harmony with the teaching which was prevalent from the first foundation of the College ; and although they were long obsolete before they were finally repealed, they left an impress upon the studies pursued in the College for more than a century. The Undergraduates were divided into four classes, and every Student remained in each class for four Academic Terms, or one year. The exer- cises common to all these classes were as follow : The Student was required to exhibit to his lecturer once a-week a commen- tary on the teaching conveyed in his preelection ; and also to hand to his lecturer every Saturday a Latin theme, or a trans- lation from English into Latin of some passage set by the lecturer, who was bound to examine it and to point out its defects. Two Students in turn declaimed memoriter in the Hall on each Friday and Saturday after morning prayers. It was the duty of the Senior Lecturer to be present at these declamations. All Students were lectured in Greek on Monday, Wednes- day, and Friday the Bachelors of Arts and the two Senior Undergraduate classes at 7 A.M., by the Senior Greek Lecturer,* who was appointed on each 20th November from among the Senior Fellows, and the two Junior classes on the same days at 9 A.M., by the Junior Greek Lecturer, selected from the Junior Fellows, or from the Masters of Arts. . * Afterwards raised to a Regius Professorship of Greek in 1761. 140 Lectures enjoined ly Laud's Statutes. At the same time four Sub-Lecturers were also nominated, one for each class, who gave instruction in Science to the Students every morning. The first class (or Junior Freshmen) studied Logic, and specially the Isagoge of Porphyry, which was required to be read over twice at least in the year. The Students were examined each day in the subjects of the previous lecture, and were required to satisfy the lecturer before he proceeded with his course of instruction. The Lecturer of the second class (or Senior Freshmen) ex- plained some part of Aristotle's Organon as briefly as possible, not allowing himself to wander from the context into com- mentaries upon the text. The Lecturer of the Junior Sophisters read with his class some portions of the Physics of Aristotle. The Lecturer of the Senior Sophister (or fourth class) took up the Metaphysics of Aristotle, except in Lent Term, when he read with his class the Nicomachean Ethics. The Students in each class were required to dispute publicly in the Hall, in Syllogistic form, every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, during Term the first and second classes upon subjects taken from Logics ; the third and fourth classes upon questions taken from Natural Philosophy and Metaphysics. These disputations lasted each day from 2 P.M., to 4 P.M. The Students of the four classes were brought into the Hall on one day at the beginning of each Term, and examined by the Junior Fellows and the resident Masters of Arts. In addition to the above statutable instruction, each Student was daily taught by his College tutor. It was thus that in- struction in the Latin authors was given, for there were not at that time, or for a long period afterwards, any public lectures in the Latin Classics. We have no records of the subjects of the several Term Examinations ; but as they took place at the beginning of each Term, they doubtless had special reference to the reading of the previous Term. One Examiner conducted the examination of the division of the class entrusted to him Disputations for Bachelors^ Degree*. 141 by the Senior Lecturer, both in Classics and in Science. A roll of the names of the Students was hauded to him, and he marked on this roll the attendance of the Students at each two hours of the examination, and the judgments which he assigned to each in Logics, Natural Philosophy, Moral Philosophy, Greek, Latin, and Theme (or Latin prose composition), accord- ing as the Students of each class were liable to these subjects. A bad judgment did not necessarily cause the Student the loss of the examination ; but if he got two such unfavourable judg- ments at any examination he was cautioned, or warned, that if such negligence occurred again he would be put down to the bottom of the class, or degraded to a lower one ; but he had always the power, even after being so degraded, of restoring himself to his former class by diligence in his studies, as evinced at succeeding Terms. There was no special examination for the B.A. degree ; and as these degrees were generally conferred on Shrove Tuesday, the Student had an opportunity of com- pleting his Term Examinations either in the Michaelmas Term or at the beginning of the Hilary Term. Students who answered badly at this examination were sometimes sent to the Eegent House to be examined by any Master of Arts. The most essential test of the fitness of the Student for the Bachelor's degree was the performance of the necessary ex- ercises before the Proctor, the officer of the University. The candidate was obliged to write and read two declamations, one in Greek and one in Latin, in laudem philosophic?. The Proctor had previously delivered to each candidate three papers, each containing four questions in Logics, Natural Philosophy, or Moral Philosophy. One of the candidates was appointed Moderator of the disputation, and he selected a set of three Candidate Bachelors, and appointed them to defend each one of the three papers of questions, and to oppose the other two. He was respondent so far as the first set of questions was con- cerned, and opponent so far as the second and third. He opposed the questions which the other two candidates de- fended, by bringing an argument, consisting of three syllogisms, 142 Examinations for Entrance. against each of the eight questions contained in those papers. He defended his own hy showing the error of his opponents, and also responded in two short Latin theses on any two ques- tions, not consecutive, of the set which he defended. There is no record in the Register of the College as to any examination for admission, or of the classical authors which boys were required to read at school. But that candidates for entrance were examined, and sometimes rejected, appears from a letter of Provost Marsh* (April 8, 1679) to Mr. Bernard, Professor of Astronomy at Oxford, in which he states that a boy named Shirley, u having been examined in order to his admission into the College before I came, was rejected as not being scholar good enough." Goldsmith, in his Life of Parnell, mentioning his extended knowledge of classics at his entrance at the age of twelve, in 1693, states that this entrance exami- nation was more strict at Dublin than at Oxford or Cambridge. During the first century of the existence of the College, and indeed until nearly one-half of the next century had elapsed, there were no prizes given at the Term Examinations, nor were there any stimulants to industry and extended reading among the Students, except the Foundation Scholarships, which were always given as the result of a competitive examination. There were separate lectures for Bachelors of Arts, who were obliged to attend the instruction given by the Professors of Mathe- matics and Hebrew, and those of the Senior Greek Lecturer, and of the Eegius Professor of Divinity. The discipline of the Students appears to have been care- fully attended to. The usual routine of College duties was defined in the statutes and strictly observed. At 6 A.M. there was a short service in the Chapel, taken from the morning prayer; and at 10 A.M. and 4 P.M. the regular morning and evening prayers were read in the College Chapel. On Sunday mornings sermons were preached by one of the four preachersf * Smith MSS., vol. bdx. p. 15, Bodleian Library. t In 1680 it was ordered that " 20 a-year should be allowed, in addition to the salaries of the four preachers, provided that they always preach memoriter." Daily Life of the Students. 143 nominated each 20th of November ; and on Sunday evening and Friday evening a short English commonplace, treating on some text of Scripture, was read by one of the Fellows or re- sident Masters, whether in Holy Orders or not, in turn after prayers in the Chapel. Students took their dinners and their suppers in common in the Hall. Morning lecture in science was attended by the Students every day, immediately after six o'clock Chapel. No Student was allowed to go out of College at any time without a written ticket or pass, signed by his College tutor, and then only for two hours at a time from 2 o'clock to 4 P.M., or from 7 o'clock to 9 P.M. ; and Students who transgressed these rules were fined for town haunting. The porter was ordered to stand continually at the outer gate in a gown, and to keep the College gate locked.* The Register records many instances of public admonition and expulsion of Students for frequenting taverns, for engaging in unseemly riots in the streets, for being drunk and wounding citizens, for playing cards and gambling in houses in the city, and even for insulting respectable ladies. It is difficult to ascertain the number of Students at the time. The matriculations from 1660 to 1680 amounted in all to nine hundred, which would give an average of forty-five each year : this was increased to a little over sixty in the years between 1680 and 1690.f The ages of the Students on ad- mission were generally less than they are now ; and as all the Undergraduates at that period resided in the College, there could not have been less than two hundred and twenty in re- sidence. + Two Students resided in each set of chambers, so * Kegister, April 22, 1679. t In Swift's year, 1683, 58 Students entered the College 5 Fellow Commoners, 48 Pensioners, and 5 Sizars. The average age of the Students of that year on ad- mission was 16-2 years. The 58 pupils were distributed among the College tutors at entrance as follows : Mr. Ashe, 20 ; Mr. George Browne, 8 ; Mr. Dive Downes, 5 ; Mr. Foley, 8 ; Mr. Griffith, 6 ; Mr. Barton, 6 ; Mr. Smith, 3 ; Mr. Acton, 1 ; Mr. Scroggs, 1. Among the Students entering in that year were Thomas Wilson, afterwards Bishop of Sodor and Man ; Edward Chandler, afterwards Bishop of Durham; and Peter Browne, afterwards Provost and Bishop of Cork. % Provost Marsh estimated the number at three hundred and forty. See p. 114. In 1695-6 there were one hundred and forty-four hearths in Trinity College. 144 Caution Money. that there must have been over one hundred sets of chambers, in addition to those occupied by the Fellows and the resident Masters. The houses in the College were not more than three stories high; and it would require at least twenty houses to provide the accommodation for these. Provost Marsh states that between 6000 and 7000 had been spent in enlarging the College before his time. None of the buildings in the College at the end of the first century of its existence are now standing. Indeed there is not a single trace of the College as it appeared in Dean Swift's time, or at the period of the battle of the Boyne. " The old buildings were extravagantly timbered after the old fashion,"* says Dr. Madden. Every building now visible was erected after the reign of William III. Each of the Students had one of the Fellows as College tutor, who was responsible to the College for the sums owed to the House ; and in order to protect the tutor, the " Caution- money" to be lodged in the hands of the tutor by the Student at entrance was fixed by Decree of the Board, February 19, 1678, to be as follows : For a Nobleman, 20; for a Fellow Com- moner, 15 ; for a Pensioner, 8 ; and for a Sizar, 3 10s. There does not appear to have been any arrangement for the recreation of the Students inside the College until 1684, when we find the following entry on August 13: "The ground for the Bowling-green was granted, and the last Com- mencement supper feesf were allowed towards the making of * Dr. Madden's Letter to the Students of the University. Dublin, 1734. t The College quarterly accounts contain the following entries as to these fees: " 1685. Eeceived for the two Commencement suppers in the year ending Nov. 20, 1685, 28 10s. Feh. 168f, Commencement supper came to 7 15s. It was, according to order, given to Mr. Brereton and Mr. Gilchrist. July, 1686, Com- mencement supper, 6 15s. The above sum of 36 5s. [namely, 28 10s. and 6 15s.] was disposed as followeth : Mr. Mullan, 30 ; Mr. Mitteau, 3 ; Mr. Barber, 16s. Feb. 169, Received 10 for the Commencement supper, of which laid out in the repair of the Bowling-green, 5 Is." Mr. Mullan must have been the Master of Arts whom Provost Marsh and, afterwards, Provost Huntingdon employed to transcribe for the press the translation of the Old Testament into Irish which had been made by Denis Sheridan for Bishop Bedell. The College Park laid out. 145 it." The bowling-green, which was near the present gymna- sium and racquet-court, and probably on the site of the existing tennis-courts, was maintained until early in this century, and a portion* of the entrance fees of Fellow Commoners was applied to maintain it. On July 28, 1694, leave was given to build a fives- court at the east end of the Fellows' garden. In Brooking's map of Dublin there appears to have been, in 1728, a quad- rangular walled- in court on the site of the present New Square, for the recreation of the Students. There were two gates giving access to this in the arches under clumbers 24 and 25 in the Library Square, which is the oldest existing part of the College, and which was erected after 1700. As the Students were pro- hibited from going out into the city without leave, it was obviously necessary that opportunities should be given for out- door amusements within the bounds ; and the College Park had not been at this time laid out and planted. A number of small paddocks occupied at this period the site of the present Park ; and the College Park, as we have it now, was first formed and planted with trees in 1722.f * In 1809, 1 6s. from each Fellow Commoner. f See Winstanley's Poems, vol. i. p. 269. On the 8th June, 1722, a large number of young trees were cut down in the College Park, and a Student named Thomas Colgan was expelled for this offence, and a reward of 50 was offered by the Board to secure the conviction of the perpetrators of the outrage. In the same year a wall was built on the north-east side of the Park, with a lodge for a porter. College Register, May 7, 1722. See Sir Bernard De Gomm's Map in Halliday's Scandinavian Kingdom of Dublin. CHAPTER VII. THE CONDITION OF THE COLLEGE DURING THE REIGN OF WILLIAM III. ST. G-EORGE ASHE,* who was appointed Provost in 1692, had been educated in Trinity College, and he was for thirteen years i engaged in the teaching of the College as College tutor and as I lecturer in Mathematics, in succession to Csesar Williamson. Among other well-known names, his College pupils included Jonathan Swift, the celebrated Dean of St. Patrick's ; and he is said to have been the clergyman who married Swift to Stella. Ashe, when Provost, was, as Molyneux wrote to Locke, " so wonderfully pleased and satisfied with the Essay on the Human Understanding, that he ordered it to be read by Bachelors in the College, and strictly examined them in their progress therein." From that time to the present that work has continued to be a text-book in the University, but it was some time before it was introduced into the Undergraduate course. Dr. Ashe remained Provost only for three years, when he was consecrated Bishop of Cloyne. His successor in the Provostship was Dr. G-eorge Browne, who had been born in Northumber- land, and had entered Trinity College as a Student in 1667. He was elected a Scholar in the same year, and a Fellow in 1673, six years before Dr. Ashe, and he appears to have been the senior member of the College foundation. Browne is said to have been a ruler both loved and f eared. f He died in the College on * Ashe was a contributor to the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, He wrote a Paper on a New Method of Proving the Propositions of Euclid, and another containing an Account of an Eclipse of the Sun observed in Dublin in 1684. t During his Provostship the Board passed the regulation that "No one shall be allowed to sit for Scholarship until he has resided in the College four Terms at Provost Peter Browne. 147 Trinity Sunday, 1699, after holding the office for only four years, and at a comparatively early age.* He was succeeded by a more illustrious Fellow of the same name Peter Browne who had been elected to a Junior Fellowship only seven years previously. Browne was the well-known metaphysical writer, whose principal work was on The Procedure, Extent, and Limits of the Human Understanding. He was the author also of several controversial works against the Deists of his time. Peter Browne presided over the College for eleven years, and was promoted to the bishopric of Cork in 1710. Dr. Benjamin Pratt, who had been elected to a Junior Fellowship in 1693, was then appointed Provost ; and he retained the office for seven years, least." April 21, 1697. And it was in the same year that a new Fellowship was founded, in consequence of the bequest of Carriglass in the county of Longford, by Dr. John Richardson, Bishop of Ardagh, one of the earliest Fellows. * During the administration of Provost George Browne happened one of the worst riots in the history of the College ; and it was thought that a blow which he had then received from a brick-bat, was the occasion of his death a few years after. a He was buried in the Antechapel of the Chapel then existing. The monument, which has been removed to the rere of the present Chapel, contains an inscription which manifests the opinion which his contemporaries entertained of his merits : P.M. S. Eeverendi admodum viri GEORGII BROWNE s. T. p. Alumni Socii et tandem Praepositi hujus Collegii Qui rem literariam ingenio diligentia aliorum institutione Per triginta annorum spatium promovit JEdes has dimidia sua parte auctiores amplificavit pecunia Partim. a regni ordinibus impetrata partim suo ipsius Testamento legata quod feliciter inchohavit alteri Perficiendum Reliquit Qui charitate in pauperes studio in bene meritos Benignitate erga omnes tantum profecit Ut solus etiam inter bonos optimi prsesidis paries Implevisse videretur Quern vivum viventes colebant mortuum mirabuntur poster Monumentum hoc publicis Collegii Sumptibus extructum Prsepositus et Socii Seniores poni curavere. OBIIT Quinquegenarius die quarto Junii Dominica Trinitatis Anno Domini 1699. a See a Pamphlet in the College Library, P. ii. 31, page 5. L 2 148 The College under Provost Pratt. when he resigned it for the Deanery of Down. Pratt appears to have been an easy, good-natured Provost ; he was often absent in England ; and, when in Dublin, was the mildest of rulers. In his time " the lecturers seldom attended lectures, even the public ones. The Fellows were seldom seen at prayers. Com-' mons was greatly neglected by them. There were Deans who never once attended dinner in the Hall during an entire year."* One of the first acts of the Board, after Dr. Baldwin became Provost, was intended to remedy this gross irregularity. On the 20th August, 1717, a form of programme appears in the Register, which was ordered to be put on the College gates, enforcing residence, during Term, upon all Students ; and on October 22, 1718, the Board passed the following regulation : " Bachelors of Arts, who are Scholars or Exhibitioners, are to attend College Terms, or they will lose their Scholarships or Exhibitions." During Pratt's absence the College was first ruled by Vice- Pro vost Hall, and afterwards, from March 30, 1713, by Vice- Provost Baldwin, who was made Provost in 1717, after Dr. Pratt was made Dean of Down. Dr. Baldwin was a vigorous ruler in both capacities, and he endeavoured to repress with a steady hand the insubordination which prevailed in the College for the first twenty- five years of his administration, the causes of which will be treated of in the next chapter. In King William's time the Irish Episcopal Bench was more largely filled by Dublin graduates than at any period of the eighteenth century. There were at the same time ten Irish bishops who had been Fellows of Trinity College, Dublin, namely, William Lloyd, Nathaniel Foy, William Palliser, Samuel Foley, Edward Walkington, Tobias Pullein, St. George Ashe, John Pooley, Edward Smith, and Dive Downes. The King was very considerate to the College in consequence of the distress to which it was brought during the Williamite wars by the non-receipt of the Munster rents. He was induced, through * Pamphlet, College Library, P. ii. 31, page 30. Resistance of the Board to the Duke of Ormonde. 149 the influence of Archbishop Tenison and others, to remit a very large amount of quit and crown rents due by the College oil these estates for ten years.* James, the second Duke of Ormonde, who had been elected Chancellor of the Universities of Oxford and of Dublin in 1688, at the death of his grandfather, appears to have claimed rights in Trinity College which the Provost and Senior Fellows felt themselves bound to resist. On July 11, 1698, he recommended the Board to grant a grace for the degree of Bachelor of Arts to John Hopkins, who had formerly been a Student, but who had not completed his education in the College. This was an unusual request, yet the Provost and Senior Fellows consented to the proposal. Three years after this the Chancellor pro- ceeded further, and desired to interfere with the election of Scholars. We find in the College Register, under the date June 15, 1701, the following entry : " Whereas there were three letters to the Provost from his Grace the Duke of Ormonde, f in the behalf of James Finglas, Lucas Greene, and Ossory Meddlycott, for Scholars' places, they being persons not sufficiently qualified, according to the Statutes, in their learning, standing, and other- wise, and therefore the House being under such obligation by the Statutes that they cannot possibly comply with his Grace's recommendations, which otherwise they would with readiness obey, 'tis resolved that the House will forthwith represent their reasons to his Grace, and lay before him the great discouragement of such recommendations to learning in College." The Board on this occasion consisted of Dr. Peter Browne (Provost), John Hall (Vice-Provost), Owen Lloyd, Robert * Letters Patent, granted 14th November, in the fourth year of "William and Mary, on account of the late troubles, reduce the quit and crown rents on all the College lands to 10 for three years ; and similar Letters Patent, dated llth May, in the seventh year of William III., continue the above reduction for seven years longer. t Ormonde had been with King William at the battle of the Boyne ; and he was.one of the few Englishmen of whom the King took leave on his deathbed. He was Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, February, 19, 170f, and again in 1710, and was appointed by Queen Anne Commancler-in- Chief of her land forces. 1 50 Building of the Library Square. Mossom, Benjamin Pratt, Bichard Baldwin, Claudius Gilbert, and John Wetherby. In consequence of the increasing number of Students, it was found necessary largely to extend the College buildings. But as the funds of the College did not admit of any expendi- ture of this kind, in 1698 the Irish House of Commons sent an address to the King, asking him for a grant of 3000 to enable the College to provide additional accommodation for the Stu- dents. On the 25th of October, 1699, Mr. Pratt, then a Senior Fellow, was sent to England to negotiate both the matter of the quit-rents, and the grant of this sum of 3000, in both of which he was successful with the King. The Register states that Mr. Pratt was allowed 10 per month for his expenses on this mission. In the meantime the Irish bishops and gentry took up very warmly the matter of the building, for we find in the list of benefactors published in the University Calendar, that a sum of 2500 was contributed for this purpose, includ- ing the handsome bequest of 1200 by Provost George Brown, in addition to a sum of 100 towards building the Provost's House. "We cannot accurately state at what time the erection of the present Library Square, which was built by means of this money, was commenced, but from the inscription on Provost George Brown's monument, it is clear that it was begun before the year 1700. The erection of this square was not completed, however, until 1725.* The Library Square, as it remained until 1839, was built of red brick, and consisted of three sides of a quadrangle, of which the Library formed the fourth. The dimensions of this square were 262 feet by 208. We have no exact details as to the cost of erecting it. We know, however, that between September, 1718, and January, 1722, about 2600 was expended upon these buildings. Moreover, we find, in 1725, the following * In a memorandum in Dr. Barrett's handwriting, about one hundred years old, it is stated : " On digging the foundation of the west side of the Library Square there was found a large stone, cut and formed as if intended to serve the upper part of a stone coffin. It serves now as a seat for the badgemen." Total Cost of Library Square. 151 entry in the Bursar's books : " To Mr. Maple and Mr. Brooking, in full for six staircases, with the buildings over the two gateways, and the additional roof adjoining the Chapel, 2452 8s. 9d." This would include the whole of the east side of the square. And when we remember that it contained four- teen houses before the west side was taken down in 1839, it may be estimated that the total cost could not have fallen short of 6000. The G-overnors of Erasmus Smith's Schools con- tributed 940 towards the erection of the Library Square, and afterwards 580 towards the repair of some houses in that square, which were partially destroyed by fire in 1726. It must be remembered that when the Fellows and Scholars were enabled to return to the College after the defeat and overthrow of James II., it consisted only of the old small quadrangle, erected in the reign of Elizabeth, and of portions of a new square lying towards the west, and which occupied very nearly the site of the present front square; along with some detached buildings to the north of the quadrangle, all of which were afterwards removed.* * Dunton, in his account of a visit to Trinity College in 1698, states that the Library was over the Scholars' lodgings, and that a portrait of Chaloner was at the upper end of the Library, and another at the entrance into the Library. He tells us that the College consisted " of three squares the outward being as large as both the inner, one of which, of modern building, has not chambers on every side, the other has ; on the south side of which stands the Library, the whole length of the square ; the Hall and Butteries run the same range with the Library, and separate the two inner squares. It is an old building, as is also the Regent House, which from a gallery looks into the Chapel " (Life and Errors, p. 623). It is difficult to reconcile Dunton's statement with the old maps of the College. He possibly alludes to a small square north of the " Quadrangle," which occupied the space to the south of the present Dining Hall, and which extended as far as a line drawn from the present entrance gate to the Campanile. CHAPTER VIII. TRINITY COLLEGE IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY. DURING the reigns of Queen Anne and of the first two G-eorges, the annals of the College show that the Society suffered from much insubordination on the part of certain of the Students. This partly arose from laxity of discipline, and from the influ- ence of some disorderly and violent Students, and partly from political causes which were connected with the party feelings which prevailed with regard to the Eevolution and the Hano- verian Succession. It is quite clear that the great majority of the Fellows, 'especially of the Senior Fellows, were loyal to Queen Anne and to the House of Hanover. Yet it could not be expected that an unanimity of views should prevail among the Students. There appears to have been a small, but de- termined, body among them warmly attached to the fortunes of James the Second and his family, while the governing body of the College resolutely determined to suppress all manifesta- tions of disloyalty to the reigning Sovereign. The earliest instance of this is a case which occurred in 1708. One Edward Forbes,* on the same day on which he was admitted to the M. A. degree (July 12), took occasion to make a Latin speech, in which he asserted that the Queen had no greater right to sit on the throne than her predecessor had that the title of each Sovereign eodem nititur fundamento. This speech is said to have been made at the Commencement supper. Forbes' words, having been repeated to the authorities, gave great offence to * Edward Forbes was a Master of Arts of Aberdeen, who on the 12th June, 1704, had been admitted to perform the Acts for the B. A. degree. Deprivation of Edward Forbes. 153 the loyal feelings of the heads of the College, and to the lead- ing members of the "University, and the orator was consequently expelled from the College, and suspended from his degrees by the act of the Provost and Senior Fellows. On the 2nd of the following month, at a meeting of the Vice- Chancellor, Masters, and Doctors of the University, Forbes was deprived of his degrees, and degraded from his University rights; on the same occasion a declaration of loyalty was put forward by the leading members of the University Senate, and signed by the Vice- Chancellor, the Archbishop of Dublin, and the Provost. This document, with the names of the signatories, is preserved in the College Library, and a copy will be found in the Appendix xxxiv. A strong party of Graduates was dissatisfied with the action of the Provost and Senior Fellows in the case of Forbes, partly from political reasons,* and partly, perhaps, from a feeling that the punishment awarded was more severe than the circum- stances of the case required. There can be no doubt that the sentiments of the members of the Board agreed very closely with those of the Whig party. We learn, however, from Dr. Edward Synge, afterwards Archbishop of Tuam, that Forbes had a party of sympathisers in the University. He says in his pamphlet, which he wrote vindicating his well-known sermon on Toleration, preached in 1711 f : " I remember particularly the constant efforts made in the University of Dublin (by persons without doors against the judgment of the Provost and Senior Fellows, who did all they could to oppose them, and, thank God, prevailed), at every Commencement for several years, to procure a repeal of the sentence against Forbes, and a rasure of those wicked words, eodem nitutur fundamentO) which placed the title of the late Queen on the same foot with that of her glorious predecessor" (namely, from the Register of the University). There was still a small, but troublesome, party among the * Dr. Lawson, in his Latin Sermon at Provost Baldwin's funeral, asserts that there was a strong and growing Jacobite faction in the College when this occurred, t Dublin, 1726, page 75. 154 Jacobite Party in the College. Students who agreed with Forbes in his political opinions, for we find from the College Eegister, under the date August 17, 1710, that Thomas Harvey, John Graffan, and William Vinicomes, were proved to have been intoxicated in the College, and to have crossed over the College walls into the city, and Harvey was convicted of inflicting an indignity on the memory of King William, by wrenching the baton out of the hand of his equestrian statue erected in College Green in 1701. The other two aided and abetted him in the act. They were all three expelled by the Board. The heads of the College, as well as the leading Doctors and Masters, found it necessary to clear the character of the College from the charges of disloyalty to Queen Anne which were persistently brought against it. Accordingly we find in the records of the proceedings of the Provost and Senior Fel- lows, 14th July, 1712, that the Vice-Chancellor having signified that an address be presented to her Majesty from the congre- gation in the Eegent Houses, leave was given that such an address be brought in. On the 8th of February, 171f, Theodore Barlow was ex- pelled for drinking in the rooms of one of the Scholars to the memory of the horse from which King William was thrown, to the great danger of his life, and also to the health of the Pretender, and for denouncing with a curse the Hanoverian succession. The heads of the College still deemed it necessary to set forth their loyalty in the strongest terms, for the decree of expulsion of Barlow runs as follows. The words are evidently those of the Vice-Provost, Dr. Baldwin : " Visum est igitur Vice-Praeposito et Sociis Senioribus, quibus imprimis chara est Wilhelmi Regis Memoria, qui ex animorum suorum sententia juraverunt Annse Serenissimae Reginao nostrae dignitatem et indubitatum Imperil titulmn necnon successionem in Illustrissima domo Hanoverienso per leges stabilitam pro virili defendere et conservare." They had still to combat the hostile spirit of a portion of the University, who had now a new Vice-Chancellor, Dr. John Contest between the Board and the Senate. 155 Vesey, Archbishop of Tuam, a man at that time of the age of seventy-seven ; and on the day after Barlow's expulsion, at the Shrovetide Commencements, several Students were prepared to take their degrees ; but some of the Graduates and non-resident Masters of Arts having caused a motion to be made to the Vice- Chancellor that the sentence of Forbes' degradation should be read before any public business should be proceeded with, the Archbishop was in favour of having this done ; but the Vice- Provost, Baldwin, believing that this was for the purpose of having a resolution passed repealing the sentence on Forbes, and relying on the College regulation that no grace could be presented to the Senate of the University without the consent of the Board, negatived the motion. The Vice-Provost's negative was not allowed by the Vice- Chancellor, whereupon Baldwin withdrew from the Eegent House into the Provost's house, followed by the rest of the Senior Fellows, the Junior Proctor, and the Beadle. Then the Vice-Chancellor and Masters sent to them by two of the Doctors of Divinity the following message : " The Proctors, Registrar, and Beadle, are cited and required to repair to the Regent House, under pain of contempt." To which message the Vice-Provost and Senior Fellows sent the following reply: "The Proctors, Registrar, and Beadle, having communicated to the Vice-Provost and Senior Fellows the message sent to them by the Reverend Doctors Hamilton and Gourney, with all humility offer their opinion that they hold that without the consent of the Vice- Provost and Senior Fellows nothing can be safely done in this matter. And, moreover, the Vice-Provost and Senior Fellows notify that they, with their above-named officers, will return without further delay, if the Vice-Chancellor will proceed to confer degrees, and to transact the other business to which the Vice-Provost shall have consented. Otherwise they most humbly beg to be excused, being unwilling to do anything contrary to the Charter of Foundation, and the Laws and Customs of the University." 156 Political Outburst in 1715. Upon receiving this reply, the Yice- Chancellor adjourned the Commencement to the llth of February.* A final outburst of political feeling took place in 1715. On the 8th of April in that year, a Student named Nathaniel Crump was expelled for saying that Oliver Cromwell was to be preferred to Charles I. ; and five of the Students were pub- licly admonished for breaking out of the College at night, and attacking the house of one of the citizens. On the 31st of May, a Master of Arts, a Bachelor of Arts, and an Under- graduate, were publicly admonished for reading a scandalous pamphlet reflecting on the King, under the name of "Nero Secundus ;" and a notice was placed upon the gates of the College denouncing this pamphlet, and threatening the expul- sion of all Students who should read it, or make a copy of it. The examinations for Scholarships and Fellowship proceeded as usual; and on Saturday, the llth of June, two days before the election, an order came from the Lords Justices to the Provost and Senior Fellows forbidding the election,! based upon a King's Letter of the 6th of June, and stating as the grounds of this prohibition the several disputes and tumults in Trinity College, which disturbed the Students, and prevented them from study- ing for these examinations. The elections, consequently, were not held, although there was one Fellowship and eleven Scho- larships vacant. On the 27th of June a Master of Arts was expelled for making a copy of the pamphlet " Nero Secundus," and two Bachelors of Arts were expelled for using language disrespectful to the King ; and on the 3rd of August two more of the Students were expelled on a like charge. On the 12th of July * For an account of the above proceedings, see Boyer's Political State of Great Britain, and Dr. Miller on the University Charter, &c., page 6. The above is a translation from the Latin of the message and reply. f It may be questioned whether the Crown did not on this occasion outstep its constitutional powers. The King had the right to dispense with a Statute of the College, but not with the Charter. In 1798 it was found necessary to obtain an Act of Parliament for a similar purpose. The Elections forbidden by the King. 157 the Provost and Senior Fellows petitioned King Greorge I. with respect to the above-mentioned prohibition. They denied that there were any disputes or tumults in the College which prevented the Students for preparing for their several ex- aminations, and stated that the number of candidates for Fel- lowship was greater than usual, and the answering entirely satisfactory. They stated, moreover, that none of the can- didates for the vacant Fellowship or Scholarships were either accused or suspected of any crime ; but they had on all proper occasions expressed dutiful zeal to the King's person and go- vernment. They asked permission to hold the election. Mr. Elwood and Mr. Howard were sent to London to present this petition to the King. On the 16th of February, 171f, the Prince of "Wales was elected Chancellor,* on the attainder of the Duke of Ormonde, and the Provost and Dr. Howard were sent to London to present to his Eoyal Highness the formal instrument of appointment. On the 28th of April a letter was received from the Lords Justices, enclosing a copy of a letter from the King, removing the prohibition to the election of Fellows and Scholars, and the statutable examinations were held in the usual manner. On Trinity Monday one Fellow and thirty-four Scholars were elected. The following extracts from the MS. letters of Archbishop Kingf in the College Library, will throw some light upon these proceedings : June 4, 1715. To Mr. Delafoy. " The business of the College makes the greatest noise. Ten years ago I saw very well what was doing there, and used all means in my power to prevent it ; but the strain was too strong * See a Paper on this subject by Addison in the Freeholder, No. 33 ; and Swift's Works, by Sir Walter Scott, vol. xii. p. 354, for a satirical speech composed by Swift for Provost Pratt on the occasion of the Inauguration. t It will be remembered that the Whigs were now in power, and Addison was the Irish Chief Secretary at this time, resident in London, and that Archbishop King was one of the Lords Justices. 158 Archbishop King } s Account of the College. for me, as you very well know, and 'twill be necessary to use some effectual means to purge that fountain, which otherwise may corrupt the whole kingdom. Their Visitors are only the Chancellor and I. We ought to visit once in three years, hut I could never prevail on their Chancellor to join with me, though I often proposed it ; nor is there any hope that I shall be able to do any good whilst I am under such circumstances. I take the Chancellor to be for life, and this makes an impossibility. I believe the Parliament when it sits will be inclined to look into this matter." June 21, 1715. "The College readily submitted to his Majesty's order to forbear their elections, and I hope will acquit themselves much better than the University of Oxford has done by their programme." July 7, 1715. To Mr. Addison. " The business of the College gives a great deal of trouble to every honest man, and a peculiar pain to me. 'Tis plain there's a nest of Jacobites in it : one was convicted last Term ; two are run away ; and I believe bills are found against one or two more. But we can't as yet reach the fountains of the corruption ; but I assure you no diligence is wanting, and everybody looks on it to be of the last consequence to purge the fountain of education. I believe next Parliament will look into the matter." In addition to political feeling, there appears to have been from the beginning of the eighteenth century a few very dis- orderly Students in the College, who were always giving trouble to the authorities. During the Provostship of Greorge Browne, one of the worst riots took place in the College, fortunately unattended by loss of life at the time. College discipline had become disorganized in the unsettled period which succeeded the battle of the Boyne, and the Provost and Senior Fellows resolved to subdue the disorderly spirit which had manifested itself in the College. They determined* to admonish publicly three or four of the Students who had been particularly disorderly, and the heads of the College proceeded in a body to the Hall for that purpose. A few determined Students advanced resolutely, tore the Ad- monition paper out of the hands of the Dean, and turned the Provost out of the Hall. It was probably on this occasion that Provost George Browne received the blow which has been mentioned in a previous page. A later instance of similar * Library, P. ii. 31., page 18. Disorderly Conduct of the Students. 159 insubordination occurred about thirty years afterwards, when the Provost and Senior Fellows proceeded to the Hall for the like purpose of punishing some turbulent Students. They were met on their way with unseemly affronts and reproaches. The doors of the Hall were locked against them by the Students, and they were obliged to break open the doors in order to pro- mulgate their sentence. In 1733 the rooms of one of the Fellows were attacked by six or eight of the Students, and they perpetrated there dis- graceful mischief and outrage. The rebellious spirit of some of the Students went so far that, when they were expelled, or rusticated, they refused to leave the College, and the authorities could not put them out without violence. One of the Students so expelled actually assaulted a Senior Fellow in the Hall while the sentence of his expulsion was being read out. These violent proceedings on the part of a few reckless Students were aided by outsiders, who always came into College when riots were expected. Thus the unhappy disorders in the College had become widely known, and were fast bringing the insti- tution to the lowest disrepute. A contemporary pamphlet* complains that while there were in the College from five hundred to six hundred Students, between seventeen and twenty-four years of age, there were only twenty Masters to control them. The Scholars objected to the statutable custom of capping the Fellows, and it states that " When the Board meets to inquire into a violation of the Statutes on the part of the Students, the young gentlemen who are conscious of their guilt assemble in the courts below ; they have secured a number of their friends ; they are surrounded by a great crowd of their brethren ; how many they may have engaged to be of their party is not to be discovered, and they give, perhaps, plain intimations that they will not suffer them to be censured. Trusting in their numbers, they will not suffer any one man to be singled out for an example." . . . " Physical violence is consequently to be expected, by the Provost, Senior Fellows, and the Dean, proceeding to the Hall to read out censures." * College Library, P-. ii. 31, page 14. Dublin, 1734. 160 Strong Measures taken by Baldwin. Primate Boulter's letters* throw some light upon the state of discipline in the College at this time. Baldwin, now become Provost, most likely from his known devotion to the Whig party and the Hanoverian Succession, and his efforts to subdue the Jacobite faction in College, f was a man of a very arbitrary and determined character. He appears to have used the full authority which the Statutes gave him, and frequently sum- moned the two Deans, and removed from the College books the names of disorderly Students without consulting the Board. Some of the Senior Fellows, notably Dr. Delany,+ a strong Tory, whose politics were shared by his friend and colleague, Dr. Helsham, were opposed to these arbitrary proceedings, and took measures in London to bring the matter before the Council, in order to have the Provost's statutable power in these matters curtailed. We learn from Boulter's letters to the Duke of Newcastle, that early in 1725 " Two Undergraduates of the College, one of them a Scholar, had com- pany at their chambers till about an hour after the keys of the College were carried, according to custom, to the Provost. When their company was willing to go, upon finding the College gates shut, and being told the keys were carried to the Provost, the Scholars went to the Provost's lodgings, and knocked there in an outrageous manner. Upon the Provost's man coming to the door to see what was the matter, they told him they came for the keys to let out their friends, and would have them, or they would break open the gates. He assured them the keys were carried to his master, and that he durst not awake him to get them, and then the man withdrew. Upon their coming again to knock with great violence at the Provost's door, he was forced to rise, and came down and told them they should not have the keys, and bid his man and the porter take notice who they were. The next day he called the two Deans to his assistance, as their Statutes require, and sent for the lads to his lodgings. The Scholar of the house came, but not the other. To him they proposed his making a submission * Vol. i. pp. 13, 145, 153. f Burdy, in his Life of Skelton, tells us that Baldwin's strong opposition to Queen Anne's last ministry caused him to be noticed by George I., and promoted. , J One of the Senior Fellows, supposed to be Delany, is said by Boulter to have abused the Provost in a sermon in the College Chapel on this occasion. He after- wards made satisfaction to the Provost for this. The Duke of Dorset. 161 for his fault, in the Hall, and being publicly admonished there. This he made a difficulty in doing ; and upon their proceeding to the Hall, when he came out of the lodgings be put on his hat before the Provost and walked off. The Provost and Deans went on to the Hall, and after waiting there some time to see whether he would come and submit, they expelled them both." The Scholar's name was Annesley, a relation of Lord Anglesea, and through his influence with the Lord Lieutenant (Lord Carteret) and the Visitors he was restored ; but he must have submitted and apologized, otherwise Baldwin would have been inexorable. We find that he took the B.A. degree in 1726, and that of M.A. in 1729. The Duke of Dorset became Lord Lieutenant in 1731, and proved himself to be a strong friend of the College. In order to encourage the Irish nobility and gentry to educate their sous in Ireland, he himself showed them an example by entering his own son, Lord George Sackville, as a Student. Having the privileges of a nobleman, he graduated B.A. in July, 1733, and M.A. in July, 1734. The College, as his example was fol- lowed by others, greatly improved in character and reputation ; the sons of gentlemen of fortune, who used before this to seek education elsewhere, began to come in numbers to Trinity College. In the ten years, 1725-1734, there were admitted as Students 5 Noblemen*, 1 Baronetf, 96 Fellow Commoners, and 921 Pensioners and Sizars ; while in the early part of the century the matriculations averaged only about 70 each year. Among these sons of the higher gentry some appear to have been difficult to control, and to have led others of the Students into excess. We are told in a pamphlet, supposed to have been written by Dr. Madden,:}: that one of the Students, after a long course of neglect of duties, as well as for a notorious insult upon the Junior Dean, was publicly admonished. In order to resent this punishment, ten or twelve of the Students behaved * Lord Tullamore, Lord Mountcashell, Lord Strangford, Lord Clotworthy Skeffington, Lord George Sackville. t Sir Charles Moore. % Letter to the Students of the University. 1734. M 162 Insubordination in the College. themselves in a most outrageous manner; they stoned the Dean out of the Hall, breaking into his rooms, and destroying everything in them. They continued to ravage other parts of the College until the middle of the night, evidently endanger- ing the life of the person who was the object of their resent- ment. Dr. Madden adds that this was done "in a time of great lenity of discipline perhaps too much so." " The Board offered considerable rewards for the discovery of the perpe- trators of these riotous proceedings ; the Students retorted by offering higher rewards to anyone who would bring in the informer, dead or alive. A threatening letter was sent to the Provost. Strangers from town, as was usually the case, came into the College to assist in the pillage. One of these attempted to set fire to the College gates ; and had not some of the well- disposed Students prevented this, they would have laid the whole College in ashes, as the flames would have caught hold of the ancient buildings, extravagantly timbered after the old manner, and would have reached the new buildings [the Library Square], and the flames could not then have been extinguished." One of the Junior Fellows, named Edward Ford, who had been elected in 1730, had rendered himself particularly ob- noxious to the Students. He was not Junior Dean ;* and he appears to have been an obstinate and ill- judging man, who took upon himself to restrain the Students in an imprudent manner. They resented this interference. He had been often insulted by them, and had received a threatening letter. This caused him much dejection of spirits ; and as his rooms had suffered in the previous tumult, he kept loaded arms always by his side. One night he was asleep in his rooms (No. 25), over a passage which then led from the Library Square into the play- ground (a walled-in enclosure which at that time occupied the site of the present New Square). A loaded gun lay by his bed- side. Some of the Students threw stones against his windows, * As has been assumed by the late Isaac Butt in his story of " The Murdered Fellow," in the Dtiblin University Magazine, vol. v. Mr. Ford's Murder. 163 wliich was the usual way in which they annoyed the College authorities. Ford rose from his bed and fired upon them from his window, which faced the play-ground. Determined to reta- liate, the band of Students rushed to their chambers, seized the fire-arms, which they had persisted in keeping (although such had been forbidden, under pain of expulsion, by a decree of the Board, March 24, 1730), and they ran back to the play-ground. In the meanwhile one of the Scholars, who resided in the same house, seeing the danger in which Ford was placed, and know- ing the character of the man, managed to get into his bedroom, and strongly urged him to remain in bed. Ford, with his cha- racteristic obstinacy, would not listen to this advice, but went to the window in his nightdress, when the Students seeing him, fired at the window, and wounded him mortally. Poor Ford lingered in great agony for about two hours before he died. The Board immediately met and investigated the circumstances of the murder, and expelled Mr. Cotter,* Mr. Crosby, Boyle, Scholes, and Davis, as being the authors of or participators in Mr. Ford's murder. The Board employed Mr. Jones, an attorney, to prosecute them for murder at the Commission Court, at which trial, however, they were acquitted. We learn from contemporary pamphletsf that the feeling among the upper classes in Dublin was greatly excited about this affair. Many, especially ladies, 'strongly took the part of the young men "The Fellows were the subjects of common obloquy; every little in- discretion of their former lives was ripped up ; everything they said or did had a wrong turn given to it. Numberless false stories about them were spread throughout the kingdom. Some of them were publicly affronted in the Courts of Law by one of his Majesty's servants for appearing to do the common offices of every honest man. One noble Lord declared that a Fellow's blood did not deserve an inquisition which might detain a man one day from his ordinary business." However, " the Judges (except one) all spoke loudly in favour of the College, and specially the Chief Baron." * Afterwards Sir James Cotter. t See Coll. Library, P. mm. 3, No. 1, page -13 ff. Dublin, 1735. M 2 164 Public feeling against the Felloivs. Primate Boulter is said to have often appeared astonished when he heard gentlemen talk as if they were determined to destroy the Irish seat of learning. It is added (p. 15), that "many did this for the purpose of injuring religion." No doubt the true explanation of the animosity to the College is to be sought in the strong political feelings which prevailed at the time. The Fellows were mainly Whigs, and their op- ponents belonged to the Tory party. Early in March, 173-|, the Visitors cited the Provost, Fellows, and Scholars, to appear at a Visitation on the 20th of that month. Primate Boulter* wrote to the Duke of Dorset that " There have been such difficulties started from the College, and so much listened to by their Vice-Chancellor, the Bishop of Clogher [Dr. Stearne], that I fear the Visitation will not prove such as will answer expectation. I have taken all opportunities of desiring the Fellows and their friends to avoid all needless disputes and oppositions for fear of their falling into the hands of worse Visitors next Session of Parliament. I hope and fear the best ; but things do not promise very well." The above cited pamphlet states that " at the late inquiry into the condition of the College, there could not be discovered more than two or three insignificant points in which the statutes were deviated from by the Fellows." The state of insubordination in the College appears to have abated after the tragical event which has been narrated. Doctor Richard Baldwin, whose name has been frequently mentioned in connexion with these proceedings, was for a long period the foremost character in the College. He was Senior Fellow for twenty years, and was Provost for forty-one. He is stated in the book of admissions to the College to have entered on the 29th of April, 1684, at the age of sixteen. He was, consequently, a fellow- student of Swift, who was senior to him in the College, and who had been his schoolfellow. Baldwin * Letters, vol. ii., page 107. Pro vost Ba Idw in . 165 is recorded to have been born at Athy,* and educated at Kil- kenny College, under Dr. Hinton. He was elected Scholar in 1686, and took his B. A. degree in 1689. There is a statement in Dr. Barrett's handwriting to the effect that Baldwin's family was probably located at Dysart, near Stradbally, not far from Eathleague, a seat of the Parnell family, which was a short mile from that town. The Eegister of Kilkenny College shows that Richard Baldwin, of the first class, entered the University of Dublin in April, 1685 ; and that those who entered in the same College class with him from that school were Sandes, Spencer, Burdett, Maynard, and Gorges. Sixty years afterwards, on July 25, 1745, it is recorded that Baldwin went down to Kilkenny as Visitor, to inspect his old school. During Baldwin's Scholarship James II. seized on the College, and the Scholars, as we have seen, were driven away. Baldwin went over to England, and is related to have supported himself there by teaching in a common school. f After the overthrow of King James, he returned to the College, and was elected a Junior Fellow in 1693. He was co-opted a Senior Fellow four years later, in 1697, and from that time until his death, in 1758, he took an active part in governing the College. If his age at his death was ninety-two, he must have been eighteen at his entrance, and the Senior Lecturer's entry is incorrect. He would then have been a Senior Fellow at thirty-one. From his sufferings in the time of King James II., we cannot wonder that he was strongly attached to the principles of the Eevolution, and intolerant to the last degree of any tendency to restore the fallen dynasty. He hated the Tories with a bitter * Dr. Lawson, in his Latin sermon at Baldwin's funeral, stated that he was born in England, and was brought into Ireland in his infancy. t Dr. Barrett stated that he was informed by Dr. John Forster, who was a Senior Fellow from 1743 to 1750, that there was a College tradition that Baldwin fled to England along with Archdeacon "Wall ; that he kept a school at Chester, and while there boxed with Wall. In the Library MS., F. 4. 3, among a list of Pro- testant refugees in England in 1688, the name Richard Baldwin, Dublin College, is mentioned ; and two grants to him of 15 each are recorded. 1 66 Character of Provost Baldwin. hatred, and lie had an utter aversion to Dean Swift,* of whom he was in the habit of saying, that " he was remarkable for nothing else while a Student than his skill in kindling a good fire, and that he would never allow his College woman to do it for him." There is no doubt that Baldwin, although tyran- nical and imperious in his conduct, was on the whole an ex- cellent Provost. He possessed a kind of solemn gravity suitable to the station ; his person and external behaviour were dignified and striking ; he required a strict adherence to College discipline, and he set the example himself . Living, unmarried, in College, he attended regularly the daily service in the College Chapel at 10 A.M., and at 4 P.M. In the early part of his Provostship his conduct towards Scholars and Students whom he suspected of Jacobite views was tyrannical and unfair. He vetoed Skelton's degree because he was represented to him falsely by another Student, hostile to Skelton, as holding these opinions ; and Skelton was obliged to resort to an amusing ruse to induce Baldwin to permit the degree to be granted, so that he might leave the College, with the object of taking holy orders. At the elections of Fellows and Scholars, Dr. Baldwin was at times disposed to strain his supposed statutable rights to nominate the candidate whom he pref erred. f And at the election for Members of Parliament it was his habit to send for the Scholars (with whom and the Fellows the election then lay), and to order them to vote for the candidate of his choice, who was always a Whig. It is narrated of Baldwin, by Burdy in his Life of Skelton, that in the year 1728, on the occasion of a vacancy which was caused by the death of Samuel Molyneux the Tory candidate * Burdy 's Life of Skelton, which gives many striking incidents in Baldwin's Provostship, and of the College life in the early part of the eighteenth century. f Thus we find an entry on the College Register, that in 1727 Provost Baldwin nominated John Pellisier as a Junior Fellow, the only Senior Fellow who voted for him being his College tutor, Dr. Gilbert. The other five Senior Fellows, Dr. Helsham, Dr. Delany, Mr. Thompson, Dr. Clayton, and Mr. Rogers, voting for Mr. Arthur Ford, a young man of the best promise, a native, and born of native parents, while Pellisier was a foreigner. Expulsion of Dr. Hughes. 167 was Dr. llelsham, a Senior Fellow, and he was opposed by Mr. Palliser, son of the Archbishop of Cashel, a great benefactor of the College, a man of moderate political views the Provost sent for the Scholars, and ordered them to vote for Palliser ; but Helsham's party, finding that they had no chance of suc- cess, transferred their support to Dr. Elwood, a Senior Fellow, and a Whig ; whereupon Baldwin sent for the Scholars a second time, and ordered them to withdraw their promises from Palliser, and to vote for Elwood. Skelton refused to break his promise, and voted for Palliser. However Elwood was returned, and continued to represent the College till his death. On one occasion Baldwin felt himself compelled to take very severe measures against one of the Senior Fellows, who had been for some years joined with him in the government of the College. Dr. Lambert Hughes had been seventeen years a Fellow, and had filled some of the most important offices in the College. According to the College tradition of the last century he had gone in October, 1739, with several of the Fellows, after dinner in the Hall, to a wine party at Dr. Clarke's rooms in No. 35. The conversation was about the Provost and his proceedings at the Board. Hughes used some very violent and inexcusable language with regard to Baldwin, which is recorded in the College Register. John Forster, one of the Junior Fellows who was present, endeavoured to induce him to moderate his expressions, but without effect : and it would appear that he took the earliest opportunity to commu- nicate to the Provost the words which Dr. Hughes had uttered. Whereupon Baldwin sent for Hughes, and charged him with making use of this language.* It would appear that the latter partly admitted and partly denied the accusation made against * The conversation in Dr. Clarke's rooms most probably had reference to a transaction which is recorded in the College Eegister as having occurred on the 20th of the previous July. Fourteen scholars were appointed to Natives' places by the Provost alone; and there is appended the following protest: "We, whose names are underwritten, do dissent to the above nomination of Natives by the 168 Riots near St. Patrick's Cathedral. him : whereupon the Provost sent for the two Deans on the 2nd November, and expelled him. Hughes appealed to the Visitors against this act, for we read in the Dublin Newsletter, June 3, 1740, that on the previous day (Trinity Monday) the Bishop of Clogher, Vice- Chancellor, and the Archbishop of Dublin, met in the College Chapel, pursuant to their adjourn- ment, and confirmed the Provost's proceedings with regard to Dr. Hughes ; whereupon a Fellow was elected in his place.* Provost Baldwin is stated to have been courteous in his manners, easily accessible to the Students, and successful in settling disputes among them. He was a man of command- ing presence and great determination ; and we are informed that on one occasion when the Students went in a body on Sundays in Lent to St. Patrick's Cathedral, in conformity with the College Statutes, as they then existed, they were attacked by the butchers' boys of St. Patrick's market. Baldwin always headed the procession ; and when the Students desired him to keep in the background during the onslaught, he insisted on retaining his place at the head of the Students ; and, unarmed as he was, he so completely subdued by his bearing the up- roarious and savage mob, that they desisted from their attack on the Students, and retreated. On the 30th September, 1758, the Provost died, and on the 4th of October he was buried in the middle aisle of the old Chapel, close to the chancel steps. The choirs of both the Cathedrals attended, f Provost, and do enter our Protest against the same, because by the Fourth Chapter of the Statutes all elections are vested jointly in the Provost and the majority of the Senior Fellows, and the election of Natives is not in any subsequent Statute particularly transferred to the Provost. " JOHN ELWOOD ; LAMB. HUGHES ; HEN. CLARKE ; WOOD GIBSON." * For some scurrilous verses with regard to Baldwin's conduct on this occasion, see London Magazine, December, 1739, p. 660. Also a scurrilous attack on Provost Baldwin, in 1721, is contained in Mist's Miscellany Letters, vol. ii., Letter LXVIII. t The funeral procession moved in the following order: 1. The Porters. 2. The Choir. 3. Officiating Clergyman, the first of the Senior Fellows. 4. The Body, with the Senior Fellows as bearers. 5. The two Visitors. 6. Noblemen. 7. Doctors of Divinity and Gentlemen invited, such as Members of Parliament Dr. Law sods Eulogium o/ Baldwin. 169 Dr. Lawson pronounced the Latin oration, in which the following passage occurs, indicating the vigour of Baldwin's mental powers in extreme old age : "Quanta nimirum cum laude circumstantium, quid scirent egregii juvenes in oratoribus et poetis, in historia et temporum ratione, audivimus ilium, extrema licet in Senecta, peracute examinantem ; id enim commodi perpetua et Sancta temperantia, ut intellectum illaesum, facultates omnes, externos quinimo sensus vegetos et acutos ultra nonagesimum annum con- servaret, quod et multum forsitan adjuvit mitis indoles, ab omni turbido aftectu immunis." Provost Baldwin devoted himself to the College which he loved, and, on the whole, successfully governed ; and at his death bequeathed to the Provost, Fellows, and Scholars, abso- lutely, the sum of 24,000, together with all his real estates in the counties of Wicklow, King's County, Kildare, Meath, and Down. representing the University, Professors, and Lecturers. 8. Junior Fellows, Masters of Arts, and Fellow Commoners. 9. All other Students in order. All Graduates wore the hoods of their degrees, and the Doctors their scarlet gowns. The prayers and the lesson were read by a member of the Cathedral choir. This was by mis- take, as the intention had been that two of the Senior Fellows should have officiated on the occasion. CHAPTEE IX. THE COLLEGE LIBRARY THE DINING HALL THE PRINTING HOUSE THE MEDICAL SCHOOL PARLIAMENT SQUARE. THE LIBRARY. FROM the very foundation of Trinity College it was felt to be necessary that a good Library should be a part of the institution. Even as early as 1600 there is a catalogue "of about forty volumes, detailed in the first Eegister, as belong- ing to the public Library of the College at that time. In the year 1601, after the battle of Kinsale, the English army in Munster subscribed out of their pay 700 to buy books for the newly-founded College.* Accordingly, Luke Chaloner and James Ussher were sent to London in 1603 for the purpose of purchasing books. Here they met Sir Thomas Bodley, who was at that time engaged in a similar employment for his library at Oxford. There is in our Library a catalogue made in the year 1604 by Ambrose Ussher, which would indicate that the purchases made at that time would amount to about 4900 volumes. Books continued to be bought for the College by James Ussher, who through his life was engaged in procur- ing valuable books and manuscripts for his private collection. The earliest account given of the College Library by a visitor to the city is that of Sir William Brereton, the Parliamen- tarian general, who visited Dublin in 1635 : " They glory * The "Book of Benefactors " states that in this year " there was a Contribu- tion made by severall persons of Quality, and especially Souldiers and Officers then in her Majesty's Service, the names of whom ly upon Record in the College Bookes, which being collected then by S r James Carroll, Knight, Receiver of her Majesty's money, came to about seaven hundred pounds." Parr, in his Life of Ussher, states the amount to have been 1800, and this has been generally followed. Ussher' 1 s Library. . 171 inucli," he says, " in their Library, whereof I took a full view, and there were shewed unto me many manuscripts ; one they highly esteem, which they call Friar Bacon's Work. This Library is not large, well-contrived, nor well furnished with books. They say it is to be disposed of to some other uses, and a new Library and schools to be erected." In the meanwhile Ussher had continued to collect his own library, which, when he became Primate, was in Drogheda, under the care of his chaplain, Dr. Bernard. The town was beseiged in 1641 by the Irish rebels. After the siege was raised, both the books and the manuscripts belonging to Ussher were transferred to Chester, and afterwards to Chelsea College, where they were seized by the English Parliament. They were, however, restored, although with a loss of some of the books. In September, 1645, Ussher, when travelling in Wales, was roughly handled by some soldiers. " They broke open," says Bernard, " two of his trunks full of books, and took all away ; amongst which he lost two manuscripts of the History of the Waldenses, which he never got again. Most of the other books were returned by the preachers exhorting of all sorts in their sermons to that end ; but those two manuscripts, though the most meanly clad, he never could hear of." Sir William Brereton had seen these volumes with Ussher while he was in Dublin. He tells us that they were about "ten or twelve volumes, in a miscellaneous language 'twixt French and Spanish. These were sent him from a counsellor in France, and cost him 22 sterling." " Ussher had intended," says Dr. Parr, his chaplain, "to bestow at his death his library, consisting of near 10,000 volumes, prints, and manuscripts, which had cost him many thousand pounds, on the College of Dublin, in gratitude to the place where he received his educa- tion; but having lost all his other property by the political troubles of his time, he left it to his daughter, the wife of Sir Timothy Tyrrel ; but Cromwell having by an order in Council prohibited its being sold without his consent, it was bought by the soldiers and officers of the then army in Ireland, who out of 172 Neglected Condition of the College Library. emulation to the former noble action of Queen Elizabeth's army, were incited by some men of public spirits to the like perform- ance, and they had it for much less than it was really worth." At the Restoration we find in the journals of the Irish House of Commons, under date 31st May, 1661, an order " that the Vice- Chancellor and Provost of the College of Dublin, and Mr. Richard Lingard, with such others as they will take to their assistance, be decreed, and are hereby empowered, with all convenient speed, to cause the library, formerly belonging to the late Lord Primate of Armagh, and purchased by the army, to be brought from the Castle of Dublin, where they now are, unto the said College, there to be preserved for public use ; and the said persons are likewise to take a catalogue of all the said library, both manuscripts and printed books, and to deliver the same into this House, to be inserted in the journals of the House." The next statement with regard to the condition of the Library is found in a letter from Dr. Thomas Smith to Archbishop Marsh, dated London, November 24, 1705,* in which these words occur : " A learned man at Oxford, with whom I correspond, writes to me in a letter of November 5, now lying upon my table, in these very words, ' that he hopes greater care wil bee taken of them [the books] than of Trinity Coll. Dublin, w ch as I am informed is quite neglected and in no order, and upon that account is become perfectly useless/ The other reflexions, w ch are very severe, I forbear to transcribe." In reply to this letter Marsh wrote the state- ment already quoted in page 117 (that, during the rebuilding of the Hall in Provost Huntingdon's time, the books were removed from the Library and placed in some of the empty chambers). And he adds to that statement : " S r . this is the true Reason why the College Library was rendred utterly uselesse for some years, but now the building being finisht (as it has been for a considerable time) y e Books are again plac'd in the Library, * Smith MSS., vol. Iviii. p. 221, Bodleian Library. Archbishop Marsh's Letter to Dr. Smith. 173 and 'tis become as usef ull as ever ; only I must adde, That whilst the Papists got possession of the College and Library in the late Calamitous times, many good Books both printed and MSS. were lost, which cannot be attributed to negligence. I have this further to say That the Books not being chained cannot easily be secur'd especially seeing they have no standing Library Keeper, But one of the Junior Fellows is chosen every year into that office, for which He only has six Pounds Salary. Whereupon when I was Provost of the College, finding the Books by Degrees to be embezzled, I took this Course, besides the general Alphabetical Catalogue, I caus'd Tables to be drawn up & hung at the end of each Classes of the Books (They being dis- posed in Classes as yours are in the cross part of the H in the Bodleyan Library) conteining the shelves & y e numbers and names of all the books on every shelf ; y e Books likewise being number'd or figur'd ; & when a new Library Keeper was chosen, I carry'd Him into the Library, examined all the Books in his presence, and gave him a charge of them, & then at the end of the year w n another Library Keeper was chosen, I carry'd both the old and new Library Keeper up, & run over all the Library, as before (which was not above two Hours' work), & what books were wanting I made the old Library Keeper restore or pay for to buy others of the same kind in their stead, & gave the New Librarian his charge ; and doing this every year I kept the books entirely together, whilst I govern'd that Colledge. ' ' But that which renders the Library almost uselesse to all, but some of y e College, is this, That by the College Statutes no man, besides the Provost and Fellows is permitted to study there, unless carry'd up thither by one of them, who is bound to be present all the time the other staies in the Library ; and 'twas this, & this consideration alone, y* at first mov'd me to think of building a Library in some other Place (y n in the College) for pub- lick use, where all might have free access, seeing they cannot have it in the College : nor are our Booksellers' shops furnisht anything tollerably with other books than new Triffles and Pamphletts, and not well with them also." John Dunton, who visited the College in 1704, states : " At the east end of this library [probably the museum] on the right hand is a chamber called the Countess of Bath's library, filled with very handsome folios and other books in Dutch bindings, gilt with the Earl's arms impressed upon them, for he had been some time of this house." At the west end was " a division made by a kind of wooden lattice- work, con- taining Ussher's books." The old Library, or series of chambers in which the books were deposited, was in the reign of Queen Anne in a most useless condition, as we may learn from a letter of Dr. Berkeley (afterwards Bishop), written in 1722, which is preserved in 174 Resolution of the House of Commons. Lord Egmont's Collection. Berkeley was then in residence as a Fellow, and in reply to an application made for permission to take copies of some of the books, he wrote " The Library is at present so old and ruinous, and the books so out of order, that there is little attendance given." This state of matters was brought under the notice of the Irish Parliament, and in the Journals of the House of Commons, June I, 1709, is found the following entry : " Resolved, that this House, taking into consideration the proceedings of the University of Trinity College, near Dublin, in censuring Edward Forbes, by degradation and expulsion, for speaking dishonourably of and aspersing the memory of his late Majesty King William the Third, and also the steady adherence of the Provost, Fellows, and Scholars of the said College to the late happy Revolution, her present Majesty's Government and the succes- sion to the Throne as by law established, for the encouragement of good literature and sound Revolution principles, do address his Excellency the Lord Lieutenant that he will lay before her Majesty the humble desire of this House that five thousand pounds be bestowed by her Majesty on the Provost, Fellows, and Scholars of Trinity College, Dublin, for erecting a public Library in the said College."* A sum of 5000 was consequently granted by Queen Anne for this purpose, after the delay of a few years.f The following petition was presented to the House of Com- mons from the College when this fund had been exhausted : " TO THE HONBLE THE HEIGHTS, CITIZENS & BURGESSES IN PARLIAMENT ASSEMBLED, " THE HUMBLE PETITION OF THE PBOVOST, FELLOWS & SCHOLARS or TRIN. COLL., NEAR DUBLIN, ' ' HUMBLY SHEWETH, " That the hofible House of Commons did in the year 1709 address her late Majesty to give out of her Royal Bounty the sum of 5000 towards * In connexion with these Addresses from the House of Commons we find the following curious entry in the College Register: "September 24, 1717. The Degree of LL.D. is to be offered to all Members of the House of Commons who desire it, in consequence of an Address to the King for 5000 to complete the Library." At the Commencement, held on the following Shrove Tuesday, thirty- seven Members of Parliament availed themselves of this privilege, and four more at the ensuing Summer Commencement. f In the College Register, May 16, 1712, it is ordered that oO be paid to the person who solicited the payment of the 5000 in England. Petition of the College for a further Grant. 175 building a Library in the College of Dublin for the encouragement of Learning & advancement of Religion : and in consideration of the steady adherence of the Provost & Fellows to the late happy Revolution, her Majesties Government, and the succession in the Protestant line as by Law established, and their Proceedings in censuring Edward Forbes by Degrada- tion & Expulsion for aspersing the glorious Memory of King W m the 3 rd our great Deliverer under God from Popery and Arbitrary Power. " That your Petitioners, pursuant to the said Address, have received the sum of 5000 & have faithfully and carefully laid it out, towards erecting the said Library, but that it is not sufficient to finish it so as to answer the Ends for which it was intended and be of use as well as Ornament to the University & Kingdom. " Your Petitioners do thankfully acknowledge the great obligations they lie under to the House of Commons, at whose request the said sum was given to the College ; and they beg leave to assure this House, that they have the highest sense of the Blessings they enjoy by the late happy Re- volution by which they were restored to all their Rights, Liberties & Privileges, which had been taken from them by a Popish & Arbitrary Government, their whole Society being dissolved and dispersed, & the Coll. made a Prison for Protestants. " They have also zealously and steadily opposed the attempts that have been made to take off the Degradation of the said Edward Forbes, and dis- couraged all Principles and Practices tending to the prejudice of the present happy Establishment, by censuring and expelling such as have appeared disaffected to his Majesty. "And as a farther evidence of their Duty & good Affection, they have chosen the Prince of Wales Chancellor of the University, and his royal Highness, out of his great Indulgence, has been pleased to take the College into his Patronage & Protection. " And they are resolved to instruct the Youth committed to their care, in Principles of zeal & Affection to the Constitution, as by Law established in church and state ; and of Duty & Loyalty to his Majesty King George, & his royal Family, to which they are bound by the most sacred Ties of Religion & the highest obligations of Duty and gratitude. " May it therefore please your Honours to take the Premisses into your consideration and do, as to your great Wisdom shall seem most convenient for the finishing of the Library. " And your Petitioners as in Duty bound shall ever pray, &c." A second sum of 5000 was granted by Greorge I. in 1717, on the Address of the Irish House of Commons ; and a third 1 76 Completion of the College Library. sum of equal amount, in 1721, towards the completion of the building. The foundation of the new Library was laid on the 12th May, 1712, the Provost and Senior Fellows being present ; and it was completed about 1733. Although the Library was externally finished in 1724,* some years elapsed before the internal fittings and the ar- rangement of the books were completed. We cannot find the details of expenditure before 1721, for the first quarterly accounts which remain in the Bursar's office are of that year ; yet we can ascertain that from that date to 1733 the payments for building the Library amounted to 5234 16s. 3d. Dr. Madden, in a pamphlet before cited, mentions that the total cost was 17,000. On November 20, 1733, a sum of 60 was granted to Mr. Hudson, the Librarian, for his trouble in placing the books in the new Library; and on November 21, 1739, Mr. Conolly was paid 42 for making catalogues of the books. The College accounts show that the expenditure on binding the books in the four years after the Library was completed was in all 543 7s. 9d. The dimensions of this noble building are as follows : Long room, 209 feet 3 inches long ; width, between the stalls, 23 feet 7 inches ; depth of stalls, 8 feet 4 inches on each side. Total interior width, 40 feet 3 inches. Fagel Library, 28 feet 3 inches ; entrance hall, 29 feet 6 inches. Total interior length, 267 feet (in addition to the thickness of the inner walls). The name of the architect who designed the Library of Trinity College was long unknown. However, a very rare bookf has preserved an account of the person to whom the merit of carrying out this beautiful work is to be attributed. * We find the following entry in the College Eegister, under the date April 16, 1724 : " 5 was given to Story for services done in discovering the Scholars who broke the windows of the New Library, namely, Robert Bonham, Nicholas \Yade, and Thomas Carr. Frederick Trench, Fellow Commoner, was admonished for reviling and scoffing at the above Story. t ' ' The new Book of Constitutions of the Most Ancient and Honourable Fra- ternity of Freemasons," &c., published at Dublin by Edward Spratt, 1751. Palliser^s and Gilbert's Donations to the Library. 177 Thomas Burgh,* ancestor of Mr. De Burgh of Old Court, Naas, was in charge of his Majesty's fortifications in King William's reign, and under his direction the building was erected. The only portion of the fabric of the old Library which was utilized in the new structure were the curiously designed oak staircases which lead to the gallery ; these were erected in the former building by Bishop Jones of Meath, in 1651. When the new Library was completed, the printed books in Ussher's Library were placed by themselves in several com- partments which were allocated specially for their reception, and designated by the name Bibliotheca Usseriana. These in- clude valuable editions of the Fathers, and large numbers of Theological and Antiquarian works. In 1726 the Library received an addition of upwards of 4000 volumes, under the will of Dr. William Palliser, Archbishop of Cashel, who had been a Fellow for twenty-four years, during which he was Professor of Divinity from 1678 to 1692. He made it an express stipulation that his books should be kept together and placed in the Library, next to those of Archbishop Ussher, and be called by the name of Bibliotheca Palliseriana. In 1735 Dr. Claudius Gilbert, who was Yice-Provost and Regius Professor of Divinity, accepted the College benefice of Ardstraw, and soon after presented to the College his valuable library of 13,000 volumes, which he had spent the greater part of his life in collecting. His gift included very rare and choice early printed books, and several highly prized editions of the classical authors. In 1742 Mr. Edward Worth of Eathfarn- ham bequeathed 1000 volumes to the Library. Many other benefactors had in the seventeenth century either given their libraries to the College, or had bequeathed sums of money to purchase books, which were as soon as possible removed to the new Library. Ussher's invaluable manuscripts, including the * Along with Sir Edward Lovet Pierce, Architect, he built the Royal Barracks, and the old Custom House in Essex-street, and he commenced a splendid mansion for himself at Old Court, of which the wings alone were ever completed. N 178 The Manuscripts in the Library. Book of Kells, the Grospels in the old Latin Version, the Codex Montfortianus, and such of the Waldensian Manuscripts as re- mained, were carefully preserved in the Manuscript Eoom, in which were also placed many valuable Oriental manuscripts formerly belonging to Provost Huntingdon, the Book of Durrow, which was presented by Henry Jones, Bishop of Meath, and Vice-Chancellor ; and, in 1741, the valuable manu- scripts which were bequeathed by Dr. John Stearne, Bishop of Clogher, and Vice-Chancellor of the University (son of Dr. Stearne, the founder of the College of Physicians), who was in many respects a most generous benefactor of the College. These manuscripts include the well-known depositions of the sufferers in the rebellion of 1641, which had been formerly in the custody of Matthew Barry, Clerk of the Council, and were sold along with his books to Dr. John Madden, after whose death they were purchased by Bishop Stearne.* We may gather from an examination of the College accounts that comparatively few books were added by purchase during the eighteenth century. In 1743 Dr. Claudius Gilbert, whose very valuable addition to the contents of the Library has been already mentioned, be- queathed a sum of 500 to purchase busts for the adornment of the large room. The College authorities appear to have con- sulted Sir Edward WalpoLe as to the sculptor who should be properly employed to carry out this work. He had casually become acquainted with a Frenchman named Louis Francois Eoubiliac, living at that time in London, a young man of great promise, but not as yet known as an artist. At "Walpole's * "The Originals or authentick copies of the Examinations taken by virtue of Oomissions issued under y e Great Seal, for inquiring into y e Losses chiefly of y e Brittish Subjects, y e cruelties, horrid murders & perfidious dealings comitted by y e Irish and English Kebells; with y e publick Dispatches, Acts, Relations, private Letters and particular Discourses sent by Gentlemen out of several parts, and many other Papers concerning y e Affairs of this Nation during y e Progress of y e Rebellion in 1641, to y e Settlement of this Kingdom by y e Restoration of the King and Con- stitution in 1660 ; Being ranged into order according to y e several counties that y e Papers relate to, & disposed into 33 volumes." Entry in Lyorfs Catalogue. The Dining Hall of 1 745 . 1 79 suggestion the College gave him a commission to execute about fourteen of the busts at present in the Library. These, when finished, brought him into notice, and he soon became the most successful sculptor of his day. Eoubiliac was also employed to execute the bust of Swift, which was a gift from the Senior Sophister class in 1745. The busts of Dr. Baldwin and Dr. Gilbert were executed by Verpoyle, and that of Dr. Lawson by Cunningham. The prices paid for these three was 34 2s. each. We have no means of knowing the sculptor of the most striking and cha- racteristic bust in the room that of Dr. Delany. However, as the Dean spent a good deal of time in London at this period, it is not unlikely that the same artist who had executed the bust of his friend Swift was employed also upon that of Delany. THE DINING HALL. The want of a separate and commodious Hall for the use of the members of the College was long felt. In a pamphlet of the year 1734,* it is stated that the Fellows' attendance at Commons was never as good as could be wished, and this was attributed to the uncomfortable condition of the Hall. It was " a large and spacious room indeed, flagged under foot, but open in a manner at both ends ; never aired by fire ; in fact the coldest room in Europe." There was, more- over, no Common-room in the College in which the Fellows could pass the evening together. In 1740 Dr. Elwood, the Vice-Provost, bequeathed 1000 for the use of the College, which the Board determined to apply to the purpose of build- ing a Hall. The new building was completed in 1745. "We find that in that year three of the portraits at present in the Hall were placed in it one of Provost Baldwin, a gift from the Scholars to testify their respect for him ; one of the Chan- cellor, Frederick Prince of Wales, and his gift : this was painted * Coll. Library, P. ii. 31. N 2 180 The present Dining Hall. by Hudson ; and a third, of Dr. Price, Vice- Chancellor of the University, and Archbishop of Cashel, painted by Wilson. But the Hall, so erected (at a total cost of .3020, paid be- tween 1743 and 1748), was unsafely built, for we find that at a meeting of the Board, November 13, 1758, it was ordered that the Dining Hall be pulled down, the foundation of it having given way upon laying the foundation of the new kitchen ; and Mr. Plummer, the bricklayer, was dismissed from the College service for his negligence in laying the foundation of the Dining Hall. And in the Quarter's accounts for 1759 we find the following sums paid by the Bursar : 8 . d. Pulling down Dining Hall, 46 10 Alexander Pellisier, for cart work at new Hall, . 49110 Cart work at the foundations of Kitchen, . . 49 4 1 Turner, for work done at the same, . . . 14 12 9 On September 30, 1760, it was ordered "That the large stones lately brought from Toone's quarry shall be worked up with the old materials of the Dining Hall, and that what will be further necessary for the working up of the remainder of the old materials shall be got from thence." The Dining Hall, as we now see it, must consequently have been finished about 1761. The present Common-room of the Fellows was built at the same time ; although it does not seem to have been applied to its present purpose until after the lapse of eighty years.* THE PRINTING HOUSE. Dr. Stearne, the Bishop of Clogher, who had been in other respects a benefactor of the College, presented, in the * It was first used as a room for the meetings of the College Historical Society, and afterwards for a lecture-room for the Professor of Natural Philosophy ; and in 1845 the Fellows' Common-room was removed there from No. 7, ground floor. That it may have been used as a reception-room at banquets very frequently given to the Lord Lieutenant in the years after the Hall was completed is probable from entries in tbe College accounts. March Quarter, 1767 : " Cranfield for Giran- doles for the Common-room, 3 16s. lid. Coals for the Common-room, 2 Is." The University Printing House. 181 year 1726, a sum of 1000 for the purpose of erecting a University Printing House, and when it was completed he added another donation of 200 to purchase type for the use of the Press. The building was finished in September, 1734, at a total cost of 1212 16s. Id. Mr. Cassels was the architect. The first book printed at the University Press was an edition of seven select Dialogues of Plato, according to the text of Serranus, dedicated by the Provost and Senior Fellows to Bishop Stearne, 1738. A well-printed edition of the text oE the works of Horace was issued in 1745. In this the engraved plate of the Doric portico of the Printing House appears on the title-page. Several classical authors were edited by Fellows of Trinity College, and were issued from the University Press during the remaining part of the eighteenth century, to the expense of which the College liberally contributed. In the year 1747 Mr. Leland and Mr. Stokes, two of the Junior Fellows, obtained from the Board the use of the Print- ing House for seven years, for the purpose of publishing a series of classical authors, edited in a manner which would be creditable to the University. Leland's Philippics of Demosthenes (1754) seems to have been the only book of this series which appeared. As far as we know the earliest scientific book which issued from the University Press was Helsham's Lectures on Natural Philosophy, edited by Dr. Bryan Eobinson, and printed by E. Eeilly, 1739. THE MEDICAL SCHOOL. There seems to have been but little facility for the study of Medicine during the reign of King William III. Since the time of Charles I. there was always one of the Fellows who was elected Medicus, and who was consequently exempted from taking Holy Orders, and bound to study Physic. But the majority of Medical Fellows do not appear to have taken Medical Degrees, and they certainly were not in any real sense engaged in teaching Medicine in the College. The design which Dr. Stearne had entertained of founding The old Anatomical Theatre. a College for the instruction of the Students in Medical Science had produced no permanent results ; and although there were many able and scientific medical practitioners in Dublin, there was neither a school for the study of anatomy nor an hospital in Dublin for clinical instruction in the practice of medicine and surgery. We find it stated in the College Eegister that one of the Junior Fellows, Mr. William Carr, who had been elected Medicus, was obliged, in order to study medicine, to obtain, in February, 169f, a Royal Letter permitting him to absent himself from Dublin for three years. Mr. Carr died before his leave of absence had expired. On the 14th June, 1710, ground was assigned by the Board for the erection of a Medical School ; but the buildings were of the plainest character, inasmuch as the College had no money to spare ; for we find that " 100 given by the Widow Parsons for the support of a poor scholar was ordered to be applied to this purpose ; and the Lecturers on Anatomy and Chemistry were required to pay 6 yearly to this poor scholar." The Laboratory and Anatomical Theatre were erected at the south-east corner of the Physic Garden, which at that time seems to have occupied the site of the present Library. On the 16th of August in the following year (1711) the building was completed. It was formally opened on that day by the re- citation of verses composed for the occasion by one of the Scholars, William Thompson, B.A.,* and by the delivery of lectures. Dr. Hoyle lectured in Anatomy, Dr. Griffith in Chemistry, and Dr. Nicholson in Botany. On the 19th of the following January (17-^-), at the request of the College of Physicians, it was ordered that " Besides the usual acts required by the University regulations, every candidate Bachelor of Physic be examined in all parts of Anatomy relating to the (Economia Animalis, and in all parts of Botany, Chemistry, and Pharmacy ; and that every candidate Doctor in Physic be examined as to the aforesaid subjects, and likewise in the explanation of Hippocrates' Aphorisms, and in the theory and cure of external and internal diseases." * He was afterwards a Fellow, and one of the three who volunteered to go with Berkeley to Bermuda to found a College there. Arrangements with the College of Physicians. 183 It was arranged that this Examination should be conducted by the President and Fellows of the College of Physicians, who had the right, under their Charter, to grant licences in the practice of Physic in Dublin and within seven miles of the city. Another part of the Charter provided that every Doctor of Physic of the University of Dublin should be admitted to the mem- bership of the College of Physicians, without examination, on the payment of the usual fees. On the 8th September, 1716, Dr. Bryan Robinson [M.B- 1709, M.D. 1711] and Surgeon Greene were appointed to officiate in the Anatomy School as Lecturer and Anatomist ; and on the 17th of January following Dr. Robinson* was, for some reason which is not on record, deprived of his Lectureship by a majority of votes. At the same time 60 was voted to Surgeon Greene to purchase preparations illustrating the several parts of the human body. On February 14, 17ff, the Provost and Senior Fellows enacted that " no person be admitted to take a degree in Physic or in Law unless he first commence as Bachelor of Arts." This probably had reference to some previous acts of the Board; for in 1695 Dr. Pratt and Dr. Cummin, who had commenced Doctors of Physic at Leyden, were admitted ad eundem by Trinity College, in order to enable them to be admitted mem- bers of the College of Physicians. With the view of pre- venting uneducated men from seeking this privilege, it was decreed, in 1701, that "the house after next Commencement will observe what the custom is in Oxford and Cambridge in admitting Graduates from Scotland and other foreign * Dr. Robinson was an eminent, and one of the most scientific physicians of his day. He was the author of many medical treatises, and especially of a work on the Animal (Economy, which was a remarkahle treatise for its time. Robinson was elected Regius Professor of Physic in the University in 1745. He was Pre- sident of the College of Physicians in 1718 and 1739. For an account of Dr. Robinson's medical writings, see Sir Charles Cameron's " History of the College of Surgeons," p. 17. Dr. Robinson, besides being a scientific physician, was well versed in Mathematics and Natural Philosophy, as appears from his notes and additions to Hclsham's Lectures, 184 The Charter of the College of Physicians. Universities." On July 12, 1701, Dr. Wetenhall, who had " commenced Doctor in Physic " in Leyden, was admitted ad eundcm ; and on July 13, 1702, Philip Lloyd, Doctor in Physic of the University of Aix, received the grace of the house for the degree of Doctor of Physic. With these ad- missions from foreign Universities the practice appears to have terminated. In order to understand fully the reason of these rules, it must be borne in mind that when the King and Queen's College of Physicians obtained their new Charter from William and Mary, one clause in this Charter provided that every Doctor of Physic of the University of Dublin should be ad- mitted to membership of the College of Physicians, without examination, on the payment of the usual fees. In order to satisfy that College that this privilege would not be abused by the admission of incompetent men to Medical Degrees, Trinity College made a regulation, at the end of the seventeenth cen- tury, that every candidate for such academic distinction should give timely notice to the President and Fellows of the College of Physicians, in order that they might be present at the per- formance of the Acts or exercises by the candidate, so that they should be able to form a judgment as to his due qualifi- cations for the Degree in Medicine. In consequence of this concession by the Board of Trinity College, the President and Fellows of the College of Physicians, on the 2nd October, 1695, passed a rule to the effect that no one should be elected a Fellow of that College who had not first been admitted to the Degree of Doctor of Medicine in the University of Dublin, and no Graduate of a foreign University be admitted a Fellow unless he were first admitted to an ad eundem degree here. On the 18th October, 1697, the College of Physicians made a further order that the four Censors of that College should be bound, under the penalty of a fine, to attend in Trinity College at the disputations of every candidate for a medical degree, and be ready to oppose at these Academic exercises. The Sir Fielding Quid's Case. 185 Provost and Senior Fellows on their part promised that they would not grant the grace of the house for the M.D. degree to any candidate who should be reported by the College of Phy- sicians as not duly qualified. It was, however, provided that this bar to a medical degree should apply only to the Com- mencements ensuing to the objection, Trinity College reserving its right to exercise its discretion as to granting or withholding the Degree at any future Commencement. Such was the mutual agreement between the two Colleges in the year 1700, and it continued in force until the year 1760. The cause of the arrangement being rescinded was this : Mr. Fielding Ould,* an eminent practitioner in Midwifery in Dublin, and who had been engaged in teaching in the Trinity College Medical School, was anxious to obtain a medical degree. He had not received an Arts education, and in order to qualify him for the necessary examination the Board granted him the grace of the house for the degree of Bachelor of Arts. On the 23rd of May, 1757, it was proposed at a meeting of the Board that Mr. Ould should have a liceat to be examined by the College of Physicians for the degree of Bachelor of Physic. The motion was not complied with, as being judged incon- venient at the time, and likely to occasion much uneasiness in the College of Physicians. However, the liceat was granted on June 2nd, 1759. The College of Physicians, when called upon to examine him, refused on the grounds that he had no previous Arts education, his degree of B.A. by diploma being only a colourable qualification. It is supposed, however, that this decision arose from the feelings which then existed on the part of the Dublin physicians towards practitioners in Midwifery. f * Afterwards Sir Fielding Ould, and Master of the Rotunda Lying-in Hospital, 1759. t Indeed this is expressly stated in the letter from the College of Physicians which is preserved in the Trinity College Register. The President and Fellows speak of Fielding Ould as " a person who has no academical education, and whom you know to be disqualified by his occupation for a Licence to practise in our pro- fession." 186 The Bell Tower and Front of old Hall. The Provost and Senior Fellows then determined to dispense with the examination by the College of Physicians, and on the 9th June, 1761, they resolved that the examination for degrees in Medicine should in future be committed to the Prselectors in Chemistry and Anatomy, and to the Professor of Physic. Dr. Robert Eobinson, the Praelector in Anatomy, being at that time Vice-President of the College of Plrysicians, refused to examine Ould. Whereupon, on the 29th June, the Board deprived him of his office, and elected Mr. Greorge Cleghorn* in his room. The degree of M.B. had been granted to Ould by the grace of the house on January 27, 1761, and he was admitted M.D. at the Summer Commencements of that year. THE BELL TOWER. The old Hall, which extended from the present Cam- panile in the direction of the College gate, and parallel to the Library, had a plain end towards the west, and in this the doorway was situated. The view of the Hall as the visitor approached it from the gateway was unsightly. A sum of 600 had been bequeathed by Dean Pratt, formerly Provost, for the purpose of having an ornamental front erected at this end of the Hall, and Dr. Gilbert had also left by his will a further sum of 500 towards the erection of a new steeple. Accordingly, the Board employed Mr. Cassels to furnish a design for the combination of the two objects. The building was commenced in 1740, and in 1746 the new front to the Hall, with a bell-tower, surmounted by a dome and lantern, was completed at a total cost of 3886; and in 1747 there was placed on the top, as a vane, a harp and crown of * Cleghorn was not a Graduate, but the College gave him an honorary degree of M.D. in 1768. He was very successful, and highly esteemed as a lecturer in anatomy, in which capacity he appears to have laboured until 1790, when he was succeeded by James Cleghorn. The Bell Tower and Front of old Hall. 187 copper gilt. The great bell of the College, which had been cast at Gloucester in 1742, was then hung. On the north side of this tower was an arched passage leading to the interior of the Library Square. The upper portion of the building The Bell Tower, 1746. was removed in 1791, having been considered to be unsafe, and the entire of the front was taken down, along with the Hall, before 1800. 188 Parliament Square. PARLIAMENT SQUARE. The buildings which had been erected in the College be- tween 1660 and the end of the seventeenth century were necessarily of an unsubstantial character. The means which the authorities had at their disposal for the purpose were very limited, and it is therefore not a matter of surprise that the front square of the College, after a lapse of eighty years, became so ruinous that it was quite useless to expend money in attempting repairs. The front square, as it existed in 1750, consisted of twelve houses, of no great elevation, built of brick, each comprising a basement, a first floor, and an attic story, the latter furnished with dormer windows.* There was also urgent need of enlarged accommodation, because the number of Students had then considerably increased. But the College had very insufficient resources for providing new buildings, and accordingly a petition was presented to the Irish House of Commons in November, 1751, stating the facts, and asking for a grant of 20,000 for the purpose of rebuilding a portion of the front square in a manner which would be ornamental to the city. The House agreed to an address to the Lord Lieutenant, and the King granted 5000 for the purpose. Accordingly, on the 17th of June, 1752, the four houses which formed the north side of the old square were ordered to be taken down. The occupiers were repaid two-thirds of the prices which they had given for their rooms, and were per- mitted to take away all their movable furniture. There was very considerable trouble and delay in securing a good foun- dation for the new buildings. On November 2, 1753, a further petition was presented asking for another grant to enable the College authorities to complete the north side, and to rebuild the front of the College, in complianoe with which 10,000 was conceded. In 1755 the northern half of the * The plan of the College, as it existed in 1750, taken from Rocque's map, will be found on page 191, and the elevation of the old front of the College is given on page 189. The dates of the erection of the several portions of the College are specified in the map. 190 Completion of the new Front of the College. old front was taken down ; and in November of that year a further sum of 20,000 was asked for and granted by the King on an address of the House. Finally, 10,000 more was conceded in 1757, making in all grants to the extent of 45,000 during the reign of Greorge II. This was reduced by " pells and poundage " to 42,518, and of this there remained 1079 unpaid, in consequence of the failure of the Teller of the Ex- chequer.* The College accounts show that between 1752 and 1763 a sum of 45,173 had been expended on new buildings, while the sale of old materials realized 2187, and the salef of chambers in the new buildings to the new occupiers 1460. We have no record of the architect who designed the present front of the College. It would appear from an entry in a memorandum-book of the proceedings of the Board, that it was originally intended to complete the central entrance by the erection of a dome over the gateway, with two cupolas over the pavilions at the north and south ends, one of which over the north pavilion had been actually erected. On the 22nd No- vember, 1757, it was directed that this should be taken down, and the front of the College finished, as it stands, without a dome. The new front was completed in 1759, and in October * These statements are made upon the authority of the Journals of the Irish House of Commons, in which the several petitions from the College are printed in full. t From an examination of the books of the College it would appear that during the last century there existed a kind of tenant-right in College chambers. The incoming Student paid a fixed sum to the outgoing occupant as the "price of the rooms." When new rooms were built this sum was paid in the first instance to the Bursar, in order to recoup the College for a portion of the expense of building the chambers. Thus, for example, in the Bursar's Receipt Book for 1723, immediately on the first occupying of the Library Square, we find the following entries : Dobbin and Helsham, for their chamber in 31, 2 20 ; Downes and Kelly, for their chamber in 29 26 ; Mr. Echlin and Sir Byrne, for 31, G. L. 15 ; Cox and Hicks, for the garrett in 34 9. It appears that the price originally paid to the College for a set of rooms in the Library Square was, for the ground floor, 15 ; first floor, 26 ; second floor, 20 ; and attic, 9. Afterwards (Feb. 7, 1774), when money had to be expended on the repairs of the staircases, the Registrar of Chambers was directed to increase the prices of the rooms in order to recoup the expenditure by the College. These prices were fixed and paid through the Registrar of Chambers. In 1758 the Tutors signed an agreement that " in purchasing and selling rooms for ourselves or our pupils, we will not directly or indirectly connive 1. Old Front Square, 1685. 2. Quadrangle, . . 1592. 3. Library Square. . 1722. 4. Printing House, . rj34- 5. Chapel, .... 1683. 6. Bell Tower, . . . 1748. 7. Hall, . . . . 1697. 8. Dining Hall, . . i"J45~ TRINITY COLLEGE AS IT WAS IN 1750, FROM ROCQUE'S MAP OF DUBLIN. 192 Provost's House and the Theatre. of that year a valuation of the rooms was made, and the chambers were assigned by the Provost. The Board had, in 1759, determined to erect a new residence for the Provost ; and on May 25th of that year the members had before them designs for the present Provost's House, which was built almost exactly after the plan and elevation of a house erected in 1723 in Piccadilly, London, for General Wade, from the designs of the Earl of Burlington, so well known for his architectural taste. The designs may be seen in Campbell's Vitmvius Brittanicus (vol. 3). The plans were prepared by a Dublin architect named Smith, and he was paid for them 22 15s., as shown by the College accounts. The designs were approved, and the foundation prepared at once. We have no means of ascertaining exactly either the year of the completion, or the cost of erection, of the Provost's House. In the year 1775 the College received from the Governors of Erasmus Smith's Schools a donation of 2500 towards the erection of a Theatre for public meetings of the University and the recitation of exercises. The Board lost no time in securing the services of Sir William Chambers to furnish designs for the completion of the south side of Parliament Square ; and he agreed to furnish plans in detail, to be placed in the hands of a competent clerk of works. The Theatre (the present Examination Hall) was commenced in 1777. It was intended to complete the front square by an ornamental range, at any private bargain contrary to the rules made by the Provost and Senior Fellows." In 1805 the Registrar of Chambers reported that there were at that time "one hundred and fifty-one sets of chambers appropriated to the use of Students in general, of which two are rented; fifteen Vice- Chancellors', or Provosts' rooms, and the rest are obtained by purchase ; and the total sum of the purchase-money for these will be 3806, if none were held by Scholars. Making allowance for the latter the total price would be under 3000." The total price of the eight sets of rooms in a house in the Library Square in 1723 was 140, and in 1803 it has been raised to 210, or one-third more, for repairs to the house. There does not appear to be any trace of chamber-rent as received by the Bursar in the accounts of the last century. When the " Caution- money " was abolished, the "price of rooms " was changed into a deposit for the protection of the Tutor, and a quarterly rent was charged. Fixed chamber-rents first appear in a resolution of the Board, April 26, 1806. Petition of the College for a further Grant. 193 with a bell-tower, and arches dividing it from the Library Square.* And on March 26, 1787, a petition was presented to the House of Commons from the Provost, Fellows, and Scholars, in which the sums which had been expended in building since 1750 were enumerated, and which amounted in all to 53,876. The total exceeded the sums granted by Parliament by 11,358, towards which they received the above-mentioned donation of % 2500, and a sum of 4277 by the sale of chambers and of old materials. The petitioners stated that the extremity of the northern side of the Parliament Square was then terminated and deformed by a cross line of brick buildings in a ruinous condition ; and that they had since 1775 caused, in addition, a new square on the north of the Library Square to be begun, consisting of plain stone buildings, two of which [the present numbers 11 and 12] were at that time nearly finished, and would cost, when completed, 4726. They stated that the completion of the Parliament Square, according to the plans laid before the House, would cost 20,000; and they expressed themselves as ready to finish it if the House would make an additional grant of 12,000, payable in four years. On the 28th of March a resolution of the House was passed, making a grant of 3000, which appears to have been the final sum which the College received from Parliament for the pur- pose. The Chapel was the last portion of the front square which was erected. Preparations for the foundation of it were made in 1787, by the removal of part of Palliser's buildings, then called No. 12 ; and it was consecrated in 1798, after which the old Chapel and Hall were removed and the materials sold. The internal dimensions of the new Chapel were ordered to be 85 feet in length (exclusive of the antechapel and apse), and 40 feet in breadth. The total cost of erecting the present College Chapel amounted to 22,000. The woodwork, which is very elaborately * This design may be seen in Pool and Cash's " Views of Dublin." O 194 Portraits in the Examination Hall. carved, including the entire of the carpenter's work, cost 5319 10s. 2d. The organ for the new Chapel was built by Mr. Greene, at a cost of five hundred guineas. The College authorities at the time of building the new Chapel and the square, north of the Library Square since that time known as "Botany Bay" in order to give room and air to the new parts of the College, purchased in 1786, for 780, the tenant's interest in the lease of the College lands north of the College, called Marsh Park, containing 10 acres, 3 roods, and 16 perches, and two other parcels of waste land. On the former a number of small houses had been built, which were then removed, and an open space was provided. The statements in the College Register of the period show that it was not intended that the Theatre should be a Hall for Examinations. In July, 1791, after the Theatre was finished, a resolution of the Board was passed that a new Hall for Ex- aminations should be erected at the north side of the present " Botany Bay " Square. In 1792, when the number of Students had so increased that the four Undergraduate classes could not be conveniently examined in the old Hall at the same time, a proposal was made to divide them into two sets, to be examined on different days ; but it never seems to have occurred to the Fellows at the time that a portion of the Students should be examined in the Theatre. When the Theatre was completed, a commission was given to Mr. Hill, an artist, to paint all the portraits which are now to be seen there, except those of the Earl of Clare and Edmund Burke. The former was painted by Stewart, and the latter by Hopner.* The portrait of Henry Grrattan, at present in the Dining Hall, was also painted by Hill, and was originally intended to occupy the place of Provost Baldwin's monumentf in the Theatre. * The price of this picture was 188, and that of the frame 17 17s. Gd. Hill was paid 35 guineas each for eight portraits. t This was executed between 1772 and 1781, by Mr. Hewitson, an Irish sculptor, at Rome, at a cost of 1000. The charges for bringing it from Rome to Dublin were 416 13s. 8d., including freight and duties. The Old Hall. 195 The organ of the old Chapel, the case of which is at present in the Examination Hall, was presented to the College by the Second Duke of Ormonde. It was built in Holland for a Church in Spain, but was taken from the Spaniards in Yigo Bay, 1702, and repaired and enlarged by Cuvillie in 1705. The last portion of the old quadrangle of Queen Eliza- beth's reign which was removed was the south side, facing the Fellows' Gardens. South Side of Queen Elizabeth's College. In Walker's Hibernian Magazine for December, 1793, will be found a graphic description of the old Hall and Chapel before they were removed. The Hall is described as being a spacious building ; greatly dilapidated. The lower parts of the walls had been formerly wainscotted, but the woodwork had in many places disappeared. The upper part of the walls and the ceiling had been once whitewashed, but were then in a very dirty condition. The walls were decorated with several portraits of former Kings, Queens, and Bishops, some of which were in o 2 196 The Old Chapel. costly frames, but for the most part they were without any. Some of the frames were empty. Adjacent to the further end was the Chapel ; a gloomy edifice a long building, with but two windows at one side and one at the other. The altar was under an old-fashioned oak moulding, which intercepted every ray of light from a venerable window over it. The walls were kept constantly white, to the vast annoyance of those who had to squeeze along a narrow gallery. The writer of this article states that in 1793 it was not possible to see the Theatre from the window of the present Chapel in consequence of an inter- vening range of ancient brick buildings, and that at that time the outer stonework of the College Library was crumbling away. The granite facing of the walls of the College Library was afterwards replaced by a better class of stone. The view of the old front of Trinity College, which was removed in 1755, is taken from an engraving upon Brooking's map of Dublin. The elevation of the Bell Tower and the front of the old Hall is enlarged from a vignette in the Gentleman' 's Magazine of the period ; and the south side of the old quad- rangle of Queen Elizabeth's reign is a portion of an old engraving of the College Library from a drawing by Tudor, published in 1745, being one of six views of public buildings of Dublin, presumably published in Paris. CHAPTER X. SOCIAL AND EDUCATIONAL CONDITION OF TRINITY COLLEGE IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY. THE STUDIES OF THE UNDERGRADUATES. WE have no means of ascertaining exactly what were the particular subjects in which the Students were lectured and examined during the reign of Queen Anne. We know that in conformity with the College Statutes the Undergraduates of each of the four classes were daily instructed in Science and in Classics ; and, moreover, that they were all brought together into the Hall on two days at the beginning of each Term, and were examined in the subjects in which they had been instructed by their lecturer in the previous Term. The lectures in Science were chiefly upon Logic, Metaphy- sics, a limited course of general Physics, and Astronomy. The Undergraduates only appear to have been instructed in Mathe- matics to a very limited extent. The Elements of Euclid did N not form any part of the subjects either taught by the tutors, or examined in, until after 1758.* There was little inducement to the Students to cultivate these subjects beyond the standard necessary for them to pass the Term Examinations, as there were no prizes or honours to stimulate their ambition. The / Examination for Scholarships, which was altogether in the classical authors, was the only occasion on which the Under- graduates of the same year could compete with each other for College distinctions. By an order of the Board in 1697, it was * See the Preface to Theaker Wilder' s edition of Neivton's Universal Arithmetic. Algebra AVUS not introduced into the Undergraduate Course until 1808. 198 Premium Fund suggested ~by Dr. Madden. the rule that no one should be admitted as a candidate for Scholarship until he had resided in the College during four Terms at the least. The Students who competed for these places were practically Undergraduates of the Sophister Classes ; and we have reason to believe that the custom prevailed at that time, as it did afterwards, according to which they were ex- amined in all the classical authors which they had previously studied for the Term Examinations. The first proposal of a plan for the purpose of stimulating exertion among the Students in preparing for their College Examinations emanated from Dr. Samuel Madden,* a clergy- man of considerable means, residing at Manor "Waterhouse (now Hilton), in the county of Fermanagh, about the year 1730. Dr. Madden took a very warm interest in Trinity College, and was the author of some valuable pamphlets upon the condition of the College. He proposed that premiums should be awarded to the best answerers in each division of the Term Examinations ; but, the College having no means of sup- plying the money necessary for the purpose, he suggested that a fund should be created for this purpose, partly arising from the subscriptions of the Fellows and other persons throughout Ireland who were interested in the advancement of the cha- racter of the College as an educational institution, and partly by a charge upon the Students at their entrance. In 1731 the Board made a rule which continued to be in force, with few changes, for a century, to the effect that a charge of eight shillings should be required from all Students (except Sizars) on their admission into the College, in order to form a Premium fund ; and it was added, that " if a Student on entering refuse to pay this, he can never benefit by the fund." The Fellows of the College contributed annually for some time to this pur- pose, the Seniors subscribing 3 a-year, and the Juniors, according to their standing, 2 and 1. On the 23rd June, 1732, the rules for granting premiums were fixed as follows : * Pr, Madden was one of the original founders of the Royal Dublin Society. Undergraduate Course in Classics in 1736. 199 2 was given to the best answerer in each division at the Term Examinations ; and at the Fellowship Examination there were constituted three grades of prizes for unsuccessful candidates, whose answering was creditable to them, of 50, 40, and 30, respectively. In the year 1734 this fund had increased to 1009 12s. 6d, and it was arranged that 190 only should be given each year in prizes ; and on the 20th of November, 1740, this fund had increased to 2513, of which 2500 was invested in Government Debentures. The interest of this sum was carried annually to the income of the Premium fund, which was always kept in a separate account. No records of the Term Examinations prior to this time remain. The first Senior Lecturer's Examination- book con- tains an account of the Examinations from the commencement of the Premium system, and continued until Hilary Term, 1749. The institution of College premiums speedily acted upon the Undergraduate Course; and in the year 1736 was set forth by the Provost and Senior Fellows the first list of subjects for the different Term Examinations of which we have any record : " The Students recently admitted were examined in Michaelmas Term in Cornelius Nepos and the Greek Testament. JUNIOR FRESHMEN. Hilary, .... Lucian, by Dugard ; Sallust. Easter, .... Homer, Iliad, i.-vi. ; "Virgil, ^Eneid, i.-vi. Trinity, .... Hero and Leander, with some Idyls of Theocritus ; Virgil, JSneid, vii.-xii. Michaelmas, . Iliad, vii.-xii. ; Terence. SENIOR FRESHMEN. Hilary, .... Iliad, xiii.-xyiii. ; Juvenal. Easter, .... Iliad, xix.-xxiv. ; Csesar's Commen- taries. Trinity, .... Epictetus Enchiridion, with the Tabula of Cebes : Justin's History. Michaelmas, . Homer, Odyssey, i.-viii. ; Horace. JUNIOR SOPHISTERS. Hilary, .... Odyssey, ix.-xvi. ; Virgil, Georgics. Easter, .... Lucian, by Leeds ; Cicero, De Officiis (or Pliny's Letters). 200 Undergraduate Course in Science m 1736. JUNIOR SOPHISTEES. Trinity, .... Odyssey, xvii.-xxiv. ; Velleius' Pater- culus. Michaelmas, . Xenophon, Cyropsedia ; first third part of Livy. SENIOR SOPHISTEKS. Hilary, .... Sophocles, GEdipus Tyramms, Electra and Trachinise ; second third part of Livy. Easter, .... JEschines and Demosthenes, De Corona ; last third part of Livy. Trinity, .... Demosthenes, Philippics ; Suetonius, History of the Caesars. Michaelmas, . Longinus on the Sublime ; the Works of Tacitus. The following is a list of the books which formed the sub- ject of the Science Course at Morning Lectures in 1736 : SENIOR SOPHISTERS. Eustathius' Ethics ; Small Puffendorf ; Saunderson's Preelections ; Baronius' Metaphysics (selections). JUNIOR SOPHISTERS. Colbert's General Physics; part of Clerk's Physics; Varenius' Geography; Wall's Astronomy. SENIOR FRESHMEN. Clerk's Logic ; Art of Thinking ; Singlerius (selec- tions). JUNIOR FRESHMEN. Burger sdesius' Logic. Prizes, amounting altogether to 40, were offered also for compositions in Latin or English at the Shrovetide Commence- ments. These were open to all Graduates. The following subjects have been preserved ; but in many cases the prize was withheld for want of merit : 1733. On Queen Elizabeth. 1734. On a College life. 1735. On the Printing House. 1736. On the Linen Manufacture. 1737. On the death of the Queen. 1738. On Horse-running. 1739. On the Battle of the Boyne. 1740. On the British Fleet. 1741. On a City life. 1744. On the Library. 1746. On Peace and War. 1747. On the Public Examina- tions. 1748. On Commerce. 1751. On the death of Frederick Prince of Wales. . Records of Examinations and Lectures. 201 In the first Senior Lecturer's books we find recorded the names of the Students who obtained premiums* and certificates. The same Student could not obtain more than one prize in each year ; and if his answering at a second examination was su- perior to that of the Student who obtained the premium, he was awarded a certificate. Consequently, the January premium was considered a high mark of honour, while the Trinity Term, or Michaelmas Term Prize, was not much regarded. In the Senior Lecturer's books were also recorded the names of the Students in each class who were diligent in their studies at Morning and at Greek Lectures; and in some cases the thanks of the house was awarded to them for their attention to their studies ; also the names of those whose answering was bad at the Term Examinations, and of such as had insufficiently prepared their subjects, both at lectures and at examinations. These were first " cautioned," and if the offence was repeated they were put down to the bottom of the class, or put back into a lower class, f from which, as we observe in several instances, good answering at a subsequent examination sufficed to restore them to their original class. At the Degree Examination they were " stopped " if very bad ; and if they had been " cau- tioned " before, or if their answering was not sufficient to pass the Examination, they were " cautioned to the Eegent House," which probably meant a supplemental Examination in the subjects in which the candidate was deficient. There was no record kept of the answering of the large number of the Students who were not awarded premiums, on the one hand, or were cautioned, on the other. Hence it is impossible now to trace the collegiate history of many men who became dis- tinguished in after life. On June 19, 1738, it was ordered by the Board that * The name of Edmund Burke is only once mentioned in these records. He was awarded a Premium at the Easter Examination of the Senior Freshman Class. t Thus, Oliver Goldsmith is recorded on two occasions as heing remarkably diligent at Morning Lecture ; again, as cautioned for bad answering at Morning and Greek Lectures ; and finally, as put down into the next class for neglect of his studies. 202 The College Examination in 1731. " Undergraduates who miss either Terms or Examinations are to be obliged to fill up the number of twelve Examinations, and a competent part of each Term, before they are admitted to a degree." There remains a poem, published in Dublin in 1731, which gives a very graphic account of a College Examination in Provost Baldwin's time, and which continued to be true in all its essential traits until late in the present century. The bell tolled at 7A.M., and again at 8 A.M. Some verses of this very scarce pamphlet are worth reprinting, and many a Graduate now living will feel how true they are to life.* In addition to these Lectures and Examinations, we find in one of the Senior Lecturer's books of the period (1743) the following rules laid down for Declamations : " Two Bachelors and two Undergraduates to declaim every Saturday morning after Morning Lecture ; and for Disputations, two Bachelors to dispute every Tuesday ; and all the Undergraduates are divided into two parts. The Senior and Junior Sophisters make one of these parts, and the Senior Freshmen alone the other. One set, consisting of five out of each of these parts, to dispute on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, which makes the number of those among the Undergraduates who dispute in a week, * " Again at Eight they hear the boding sound Din dreadful in their ears ; from every dome In wild amaze, confused the scholars haste, Jostling along, and with a mingl'd noise, Crowd to the Hall Behold the Senior Lect'rer now appears ; Quick all are seated ; and the spacious Hall, Where many a mingl'd voice hum'd indistinct, Falls into silence. Gently down each Form The stern Rott-gerent walks, and in his hand His faithful nomenclator dreadful waves. Now, one by one, some solemn Fellows come With gravity affected. Arm in arm Some walk less serious, chatting up the Hall. While in the midst the Senior Lect'rer stands, Divides his Rolls, and gives to each a part. They talk facetious, or in circling jests Inhuman laugh ; Ah little they regard What ceaseless panics throb in Freshmen's hearts ! Edmund BurJce's Entrance Examination. 203 thirty. The Junior Freshmen are excused Disputations on account of their inability to dispute syllogistically ; but this is made up to them by disput- ing so much oftener while they continue Senior Freshmen." There is no record of any stated course for the examination for Entrance into the College. It would appear that the ex- amination was conducted by the Tutor in the first instance, and afterwards by the Senior Lecturer. We have fortunately a very interesting account of the entrance of a Student into Trinity College, given in a letter from the celebrated Edmund Burke to his schoofellow, Richard Shackleton, in April, 1744, on his arrival in Dublin from Ballitore School* : " I was sent immediately after breakfast next morning to Dr. Pellesier, Fellow of Trinity College, near Dublin, a gentleman accounted one of the most learned in the University, an exceedingly good-humoured, cleanly, civil fellow (N.B. I judge by outward appearances). "We were admitted into his rooms ; and he has three grand ones. ... At last he brought out Francis' Horace, Dauphine's Yirgil and Homer, with I don't know whose notes. He made me construe ' Scriberis Yario,' &c., ' Eheu fugaces Post- hume,' &e. ; and in Yirgil I began the 103rd line of the sixth ^Eneid, and in Homer with the 227th line of the third Iliad, and the 406th of the sixth ; and he was pleased to say (what I would not say after him unless to a particular friend) that I was a good scholar, understood the authors very Lo ! Baldwin comes, how dreadfully serene ! How grand his looks ! while at his itching cheek His nimble finger, faithful to its trust, Incessant labours. As he walks along, The scholars moving thick on either hand, Respectful rise. He passes stately on, While awful majesty around him shines. Now on the upper aisle the Fellows stand ; With heads uncovered, and submissive bow, They own their monarch. Hence they all disperse, And down each crowded form, in order ranged, Begin th' important business of the day. In these while posing Fellows are employ 'd, The awful Provost saunters o'er the Hall. Attentive here and there he list'ning stands And turns important ears " Leadbcater Papers, vol. ii. p. 73. 204 Competitive Examinations for Sizar ships. well, and seemed to take pleasure in them (yet, by-the-bye, I don't know how he could tell that), and that I was more fit for the College than three parts of my class ; but he told me that I must be examined again by the Senior Lecturer. He was sent for, but was not at home ; therefore Dr. Pellesier told me I must have the trouble of calling again. He was going out, and introduced me, according to custom, I believe, to the Provost, who was an old sickly-looking man. To be short, I was examined very strictly by Mr. Obbins, the Senior Lecturer, in the Odes, Sermons, and Epistles of Horace, and am admitted. . . . Tell Master Peare, for his comfort, that I was examined in As in Pr&senti" These examinations for admission appear to have been at no fixed times, and in no settled course of classical authors. The first occasion upon which public Entrance Examinations were arranged to be held on fixed days and in specified authors, was not until the year 1759, after Provost Baldwin's death. It was then announced that four public Entrance Examinations should be held in future on July 8, November 1, February 1, and on the second Monday after Easter Day. And it was further notified that Students entering on the last days were expected to be prepared in the whole of the ^Eneid, and in fourteen Books of the Iliad. It was added, that at the Sizarship Examination the entire of the Iliad and of the ^Eneid would be required. It would appear from the Entrance-book that the first general competitive examination for Sizarships was held in June, 1710. Up to the year 1709, Sizars were admitted singly at several periods of the year without com- petition. No distinction between the candidates who passed the Examination for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts appears to have been made until the year 1751, when we find the name ** Moderators " first applied to the most distinguished answerers. At the Michaelmas Examination of that year nine of the Students were honoured by this name. They all obtained Valde Benes with one Bene at most. One of them, Mr. Cooper, was awarded Optime as a judgment.* * This judgment was awarded by the Examiners in the middle of the last cen- tury more frequently than is commonly supposed. Undergraduate Course in Classics in 1759. 205 In 1759 there was a great advance made in the exten- sion of the list of classical authors which were read by the Undergraduates. The following works were then omitted from the list : Dugard's Dialogues of Lucian ; Hero and Leander, with some of the Idyls of Theocritus ; Epictetus Enchiridion, with the Tabula of Cubes ; Yelleius' Paterculus ; Justin's His- tory ; and Suetonius' Lives of the Caesars. The first six books of the ^Eneid and the first eight books of the Iliad were supposed to have been studied at school, and they were not repeated in the Undergraduate course. In order to make room for Twelve of Plutarch's Lives, it was necessary to omit alto- gether Homer's Odyssey ; but there were added, along with portions of Plutarch, Xenophon's Anabasis and Memorabilia, Euripides' Hippolytus and Iphigenia in Aulis, a larger number of the Philippics of Demosthenes, and five select Orations of Cicero. It will be noticed that this list does not include the great Greek historians ; but we shall see that the studies of the Scholars, at least in Greek, were continued for three years after they were admitted to the degree of Bachelor of Arts. In the same year, 1759, the College for the first time brought its influence to bear upon the education of boys in the Irish schools. The Dublin schoolmasters had addressed a letter to the Provost and Senior Fellows, in which they asked for a list of authors which were proper to be read at school ; and the Senior Lecturer, Dr. Wilder, was directed to prepare such a course and submit it to the Board. The list, which was ultimately adopted and forwarded to the schoolmasters, was as follows : "In Latin. Castalio's Dialogues, select Colloquies of Erasmus, Cor- nelius Nepos, first twelve Books of Justin's History, the Fables of Phsedrus, Csesar's Gallic War, select portions of Ovid's Metamorphoses, Sallust, Virgil, (Eclogues, and first six Books of the JSneid), Cicero's Orations against Cata- line, Terence, Horace, and Juvenal. "In Greek. St. Luke's Gospel, first four Books of Xenophon's Cyro- pedia, first eight Books of the Iliad of Homer, first Book of Hesiod, select Idyls of Theocritus, Bion, and.Moschus, Musseus, the Golden Verses, and Dugard's Lucian." 206 Letter to the Dublin Schoolmasters. In the letter which the Senior Lecturer was directed to reply to the application of the schoolmasters we find the following interesting recommendations of the Provost and Senior Fellows with regard to the education of boys in clas- sical schools : " In reading these books they recommend to you that you forbid your scholars the use of literal translations. " That you instruct your scholars early in quantity, and exercise them continually in Khetorick, and in the Composition of Latin Verse ; that you oblige your scholars constantly to translate from English into Latin, and from Latin into English, to write Themes, and to make use of the double translation as recommended by Ascham. " That particular care be taken that they may be well instructed in the Mythology and fabulous History of the Ancients, in the Greek and Roman History and Antiquities. "That Globes and Maps, such as those by Cellarius, be used in every school. It has been found of singular advantage to oblige the young gen- tlemen themselves to draw maps, and to trace out the boundaries of Countries and Provinces, and that you instruct them in the composition and proper pronunciation of English. " There is another article the care of which does not indeed so properly belong to you, but it is of great consequence, and yet much neglected ; it is probable that your recommending it to the young gentlemen themselves and to their parents will gain it the attention which the importance of it de- serves. It is that every young gentleman be completely instructed in the Common Rules of Arithmetic before he shall think of entering the College ; and they recommend to you to exercise your scholars in those Rules by Examples taken from the coins, weights, and measures of the Ancients." The examination of candidates for Scholarships was con- ducted by the Provost and Senior Fellows, for two days, in the classical authors. Edmund Burke writes* to his schoolfellow, Shakleton, an account of his experience of this examination, on June 1, 1746 : " The advantages of a Scholarship are Commons for nothing, fifty shil- lings a-year in the cellar, f a vote for M.P., the ground-rent of our chamber, * Leadbeater Papers, vol. ii. p. 79. f In 1746 the salary of an ordinary scholar was 2 10s. per annum, and of each of the thirty " Native scholars " 15. A scholar's allowance in the kitchen was Studies of Bachelors of Arts. 207 our decrements, between three and four pounds a-year, forgiven, and when we take our degrees we have a good chance of 15 per annum more. " We were examined for two days in all the Roman and Greek authors of note. Dr. Foster, who examined me in Cataline's Speech in Sallust, seemed very well pleased at my answering, and asked me from whose school I came (a question I did not hear asked besides), and I told him." THE STUDIES OF BACHELORS OF ARTS. The original intention of the founders of the University was that the Students should continue under a course of instruc- tion for seven years, during four of which they were Un- dergraduates, and three Bachelors of Arts. While this full course of studies was intended to apply to all students, it was generally the Scholars only who continued to reside after they took the first degree. They were all obliged to attend the lectures of the Professor of Divinity, and certain of the courses of the other Professors. Candidates for Fellowship would be likely to study the mathematical works of Newton and Maclaurin, and conic sections treated geometrically, with the Donegal Lecturer, before 1762, and after that year either with him or with Erasmus Smith's Professor of Mathematics. The Professor of Greek had a large class of Graduates, who read with him the more difficult and advanced Greek classical authors. The Professor of Oratory was obliged by the conditions attached to the tenure of his office to deliver annually four public pre- lections, and in addition to these he explained to his class, and questioned the students in, the works of certain specified authors, both ancient and modern, which treated of the subject of his course. The members of his class were also instructed in the practical application of the principles laid down in his lectures by his exercising them in English Composition.* Is. l\\d. per week, and in the buttery 1*. 1\d. per week. The kitchen allowance of a scholar was fixed, in 1676, at 311*. 6d., and was raised, in 1722, to 5 15*. lid. per annum. * See the letter to the Governors of Erasmus Smith's schools, prefixed to Dr. Lawson's published Lectures on Oratory. 208 Professorship of Natural Philosophy '. The Professorship of Natural Philosophy was founded and endowed by Act of Parliament in 1724, out of the rents of lands given for charitable purposes by Erasmus Smith, at the same time and under the same regulations as the Professor- ship of Oratory and History. Dr. Helsham held the Professor- ship of Natural Philosophy for fourteen years ; and the lectures which he delivered, and which were published after his death, have been always considered to be a work most creditable to the College. A selection from these lectures was afterwards prepared as a text-book for the use of the students, and it continued to hold its place in the Undergraduate course for nearly a century. The two Professorships founded in 1724 were by the terms of the Act of Parliament open to all members of the College, and, in conformity with this Act, they were (and still continue to be) filled up, as the result of a public N competitive examination of the candidates. In 1762, through the influence of Provost Andrews with the Board of Governors of Erasmus Smith's estates, three ad- ditional Professorships were founded in the departments of Mathematics, of Modern History (then separated from the Chair of Oratory), and of Oriental languages. These Professorships are confined to Fellows of Trinity College, who are elected by the Governors on the recommendation of the Provost and Senior Fellows. For a long period after the foundation of these Professor- ships they continued to be held by Senior Fellows, who also were annually elected to the Professorships of Greek and of Civil Law, and to the Divinity Lectureship founded by Arch- bishop King. We cannot exactly ascertain in what year the Senior Fellows ceased to take pupils, but we may assume that it was in the middle of the eighteenth century, when the value of the College lands had increased, and the renewal-fines, which were divided among the members of the governing body of the College, enabled them to leave the office of College Tutor to the Junior Fellows, the Seniors devoting themselves to the instruc- tion of the Divinity Students and the Graduate Scholars of the The Fellows. 209 College. These latter were stimulated to a diligent attendance at the Professorial Lectures by the custom which prevailed in the College of electing to vacancies in " Natives' Places " those of the Graduate Scholars who were most regular in discharg- ing this part of their duties.* There is ample evidence that those of the scholars who were able and promising were greatly benefited by the private advice and directions of their College Tutors. Thus, for example, Bishop Berkeley, in his Introduction to his Arithmetica, at- tributes the zeal with which he pursued his mathematical researches to the suggestions of his College Tutor, Dr. John Hall, who was Vice -Provost during Berkeley's residence as a Student. THE FELLOWS. The number of the Junior Fellows fixed in the Charter of Charles I. was nine ; one was added to this number by a Eoyal Letter of William III. in 1698, on the foundation of Dr. Eich- ardson, Bishop of Ardagh. Three additional Fellowships were founded in 1723 by Act of Parliament (10 George I.) out of the rents of the lands given by Erasmus Smith for charitable purposes, and two new Fellowships were founded by the Letters Patent of 1 George III. (1761) out of the increased revenues of the College. In 1676 the annual salary of a Junior Fellow v was 10 ; this was raised in 1722 to 15 , and in 1758 the statutable salaries of the Senior and Junior Fellows were fixed at their present amount, 100 and 40, late Irish currency, re- spectively. The annual allowance of each Fellow in the kitchen was, in 1676, 8 15s. 6d., and this was raised, in 1722, to 11 7s. lid. The annual salaries of the offices which Junior Fellows held were fixed, in 1722, at 20 for each of the four morning Lecturers, and 20 for each of the four assistant Greek Lecturers. Thus the total income of 60 was attached j * See Duigenan's Lachrymce Academics, pp. 134, 135, and Dr. Fitzgerald's evidence before the Committee of the House of Commons, Case of Trinity College, pp. 88 and 92. P 210 The Incomes of the Fellows. to a Junior Fellowship. To this was to be added the fees paid by their pupils, which were fixed by the Statutes of Charles I. at 4 annually for each Fellow- Commoner, 2 for each Pen- sioner, and 1 for each Scholar. These fees remained unaltered jintU 1800. In the first half of the eighteenth century the Senior Fellows were College Tutors, and as they were longer in the College, and better known to the public, it is most likely that they had the larger part of the Students as their pupils. Conse- quently the income of a Junior Fellow during the ten or twelve years of his tenure of the position must have been but small ; and at the same time his duties were laborious, and during Term wearisome. For several of these, such as examining in the Hall, reading prayers in the Chapel, and preaching Com- monplaces in his turn, there was no remuneration. The scanty income of the Junior Fellows in Berkeley's time will explain the readiness with which three of them consented to join him in undertaking Collegiate work in a new world for the salary of 40 a-year. Berkeley himself, while a Junior Fellow, with a salary of 15 a-year, held for one year a small lectureship in the College, and for two of the remaining years of his residence as a Junior Fellow the laborious and, at that time, badly paid office of Junior Dean. Professor Fraser states that Greorge Berkeley had in all but five pupils only, of whom two were Fellow Commoners. The income of a Senior Fellow depended upon the number of his pupils. In 1725 Primate Boulter estimated that of Dr. Delany, who from his ability and large acquaintance in society, had from his Fellowship and pupils 600 or 700 a-year. In 1730 Swift estimated Delany's income at over 900. In 1777, after the Senior Fellows ceased to take pupils, Duigenan con- sidered the average income of a Senior Fellow at 800. The Provost and Senior Fellows at that time divided among them- selves the profits in the kitchen and cellar, chamber rent, and entrance fees, all of which have for nearly a century been paid into the general funds of the College. CHAPTEB XL PROVOST ANDREWS AND HIS CONTEMPORARIES. ON the deatii of Provost Baldwin, in 1758, Francis Andrews, LL.D., one of the Senior Fellows, and a layman, was appointed to succeed him in the office. According to the Caroline Statutes the Provost should be in Holy Orders, and a Bachelor in Divinity at least ; and this rule had been adhered to for more than a century ; but the King had the power of dispensing with any of the Statutes ; and in the Letters Patent appointing Dr. Andrews this dispensation is recited. Andrews had been a native of Derry, and he entered College in 1732, in the fifteenth year of his age. His name does not appear among the Scholars, and we have no record of his Collegiate distinc- tions. He graduated B.A. in 1737, and three years afterwards he was elected a Fellow. There was no vacancy in 1739, and in 1738 Francis Sullivan was elected.* Sullivan was a very able man, whose treatise on Feudal and English Law and the Con- stitution of England was considered in its time to be a work of great merit. It cannot be ascertained whether Andrews was a candidate on this occasion. He does not appear to have been much engaged in Collegiate work after his election. Andrews had but few pupils ; and he appears to have been a College lecturer for two years only. After thirteen years he was co- opted a Senior Fellow, and during the five years in which he had a seat at the Board he was not engaged in any of the im- portant work of the College. One year he was Registrar ; but * Sullivan was elected a Fellow at the age of nineteen ; and in 1740 he ten- dered his vote at a Parliamentary election, but it was set aside by a Committee of the House of Commons, as he was a minor. P 2 212 Dr. Francis Andrews. he generally held the office of Senior Proctor. Andrews had, indeed, soon after his election, adopted the Bar as a profession (having obtained a Boyal letter dispensing with his taking Holy Orders) ; and his tastes seemed to have been more turned to the pursuits of law and politics than to the routine of aca- demic labour. When Dr. Andrews was made Provost three of the Senior Fellows were laymen, and the only two clergymen of note among the others were Dr. Lawson, who must have been in failing health, for he died in the following January, and Dr. Disney, afterwards Eegius Professor of Divinity. Dr. Andrews entered the Irish House of Commons as member for the borough of Midleton in 1759, after he was appointed to the Provostship ; and he afterwards represented his native city of Derry until his death. Our principal source of information with respect to him is Hardy's Life of Charle- mont. Hardy, who was personally acquainted with Provost Andrews, informs us that he soon became a leading member of the House ; that he spoke often, and with admitted ability ; and that he was a courtier, and popular not only with statesmen, but with the gay and fashionable men of the day. " Such was the versatility of his talents that we are told* that when in Italy he no less charmed and almost astonished the learned Professors of Padua by his classical attainments, and the un- common quickness, purity, and ease with which he addressed and replied to them in the Latin language, than he captivated our young men of rank, then resident at Borne, by his lively and accommodating wit, and his agreeable, useful, and mis- cellaneous knowledge. Yet his manners were not refined ; but they were frank and open, accompanied with so much good humour, good nature, and real benevolence, that he had few, if any, personal enemies." We learn also, on the authority of Hardy, that Dr. Andrews was fond of and indulged in the pleasures of the table, and that he was very popular in general * " From the information of the late Duke of Leinster and many gentlemen who lived much with him at Rome." Dr. Andretvs as Provost. 213 society. His intimate companions called him, familiarly, " Frank with many friends." He was particularly intimate with Mr. Bigby,* the Irish Secretary of the day, a man whose tastes and habits were very similar to those of Andrews. Hardy tells us that Eigby " wept like a child at the intelligence of his death." He informs us that Dr. Andrews expressed to an intimate friend his regret that he had relinquished the Bar for the Provostship ; and that a year or two before he died he expressed the opinion that his academical engagements were totally incompatible with political pursuits. Dr. Duigenan, who was a Junior Fellow for thirteen years during Andrews' Provostship, stalest that although Dr. An- drews " was what his enemies called a bon-vivant, and was sometimes too unguarded in his private life for a Provost, yet malice never laid anything else to his charge," and that " his behaviour in the College was decent and regular, and as a man of integrity and honour his character was unexceptionable;" and also,* " that though naturally of a warm temper, he took care never to let his warmth hurry him into indecency, much less outrage. He governed the College for sixteen years with great reputation." There is no doubt that the meetings of the Provost and Senior Fellows in his time were characterized by an amount of harmony and good feeling which were wanting during the times of his predecessor and of his successor in the office. There were then no traces of division between the Senior Fellows ; none of them were marked as being members of " the Provost's party," whose votes he could always count upon at meetings of the Board. When Provost Baldwin died it was found that the rental of the Provost's estates in Meath and Oralway was much less than Dr. Andrews had been led to expect. On inquiry he ascertained * " A gay, jovial, not over-scrupulous placeman," the secretary and favourite of the Duke of Bedford. See Earl Stanhope's History of England. His bust was placed by Dr. Andrews in the Provost's House, and remains there. t Laclirymw Academics, page 54. if Page 12. 214: The Provost's Estates. that Baldwin had taken large fines, and had made leases of these lands at rents considerably under those which the law per- mitted (half of the actual letting value one year with another) ; whereupon he proceeded to break these leases and to evict the immediate tenants. Baldwin had left all his property to the College, and the Corporate Body paid the costs of these proceedings, which amounted to 1215. One of the tenants so evicted proceeded against the executors of Dr. Baldwin for damages, and recovered 4500, with 72 for costs. On the whole the College lost 5787, which had to be taken from the Baldwin bequests, and in order to pay this they were obliged to call in a mortgage bearing interest at five per cent. Provost Andrews, on receiving possession of the lands, pro- ceeded to make leases of the Galway and Meath property in trust for himself at rents greatly under the legal value ; so much so, that while the rents reserved on the Galway estates came to about 400, the beneficial interests of his trustees was about '800. This he did under legal advice, firmly believ- ing that he had full power to do so ; and it is to be noticed that the original lease and the annual renewals had always the approval of the Board, and they had the College seal attached to them, which was both unusual and unnecessary in the case of Provost's lands. In his will Dr. Andrews devised his leasehold interests, so acquired in Galway and Meath, to Eobert and George Gamble, sons of his mother's adopted daughter, subject to his mother's life interest, and to certain annuities. He also bequeathed his own estates in Antrim to trustees for the life use of his mother, with remainder to her heirs ; and after her death they were directed to raise a sum of 3000 on these estates for the pur- pose of erecting and furnishing an astronomical observatory for Trinity College, and he charged the Antrim estates with an annual payment of 250, in perpetuity, for the salaries of a ^ Professor of Astronomy and an Observer. It was stated by his intimate friends in College that he had long cherished this project, and that inasmuch as he had no relations except his Law Proceedings as to the Estates. 215 mother, he placed this, which he considered always to be a great want in the College, first in his desires. His successor, Dr. Hutchinson, was advised that this leasing of the Provost's lands was illegal, and instituted suits in Equity to oust the Gambles from their interests in these trust leases. He was unsuccessful, and his appeal to the English House of Lords* was dismissed. He then proceeded at law against the trustees of Andrews to break their leases of the Galway property, and to recover the lands; and he obtained the verdict of a jury in his favour. The Gambles were put to a cost of 2000 by these proceedings. A compromise was effected by which Hutchiuson remitted to the executors of Dr. Andrews the entire surplus rents for the first three years, along with 600 of the rents then payable, amounting in all to 3000, defraying also out of his private resources 1000 in costs. The College also remitted to the representatives of Provost Andrews a legal demand which they had against him for 585. These proceedings delayed the building of the Observatory and the appointment of a Professor. It was stated to the Com- mons' committee (1780) that Provost Andrews had always in- tended Dr. Ussher for this post, and had furnished him with funds to prepare himself for the practical work of an Observatory. During the Provostship of Dr. Andrews, as we have seen in Chapter X., the front of the College and the greater portion of Parliament Square was erected ; the Provost's House was built,f and the Dining Hall, as it exists at present, was completed. The internal decorations of the Provost's House indicate con- siderable elegance of taste on the part of Dr. Andrews, under whose superintendance they were carried out. It is not stated what political influence led to Dr. Andrews' appointment as Provost ; but he must have had powerful friends in London to forward his interests. The Duke of Bedford was sent to Ireland as Lord Lieutenant on September 25, 1757, * See 2 Brown's Parliamentary Cases, page 518. f Dr. Duigenan in his Lachrytnce Academics, p. 262, states that the erection of the Provost's House cost 11,000. 216 Increase of College Salaries. and on the 10th of October he was presented by the College, according to the usual custom, with the Grace of the House for the Honorary Degree of LL.D., and an illuminated testimo- nium in a gold box, which cost thirty guineas. He was immediately afterwards entertained at dinner by the College in the accustomed manner. It may be assumed that Provost Baldwin's extreme age and infirmity prevented him from taking an active part at this festivity, and Dr. Andrews may have been brought specially under the Duke's notice. We cannot say whether his intimacy with Mr. Eigby commenced at the same time. We know that in July in the following year leave was given to Dr. Andrews to go to England for three months. On the 30th of September, 1758, Provost Baldwin died ; and on the 18th of October, at a meeting of the Board, the Vice-Provost read a letter from Dr. Andrews, who was then in London, acquainting him that on the llth of October he had been appointed to the Provostship by the King. And on January 22, 1759, we find the Board passing a Grace for the Degree of D.D. to the Eev. Maurice Grough, Eector of Wrat- ness, in Essex, " at the application of the Eight Hon. Eichard Eigby, Esq., principal secretary to the Lord Lieutenant." Early in January, 1758, a memorial was sent from the College to the Duke of Bedford, asking that the salaries of the Provost and Fellows should be increased in consequence of the increased revenues of the College (the value of money had also altered from the time when they had been settled in 1721) ; and on the 7th of February a King's letter was received au- thorizing this increase* of the statutable salaries of the Fellows and Scholars to the present amount. On the death of Frederick Prince of Wales, in 1751, the office of Chancellor of the University, which he had held for more than twenty -two years, became vacant. His brother, the Duke of Cumberland, was elected in his room, and he died on October 31, 1765. The Duke of Bedford had ceased to be * For the alterations of the statutahle salaries at different times, see Table at the end of the chapter. Installation of the Duke of Bedford. 217 Lord Lieutenant in 1761 ; but he had become a warm friend of Provost Andrews, and he was naturally selected by the Provost and Senior Fellows to succeed to the office of Chan- cellor. He was elected on the llth of November, 1765, and the Provost and Dr. Mercier, one of the Senior Fellows, pro- ceeded to London to have the new Chancellor sworn into his office.* The Duke came over to Ireland three years afterwards to be installed; and as it was the first instance of a public ceremonial of the kind, the following complete account of the proceedings was set forth in full in the College Eegister by Dr. Theaker Wilder, who was also Senior Proctor on the occasion : " Friday, Sept. 9. This day his Grace John Duke of Bedford was installed Chancellor of our University. " The Hall had been previously prepared by erecting a platform at the upper end, and a gallery for the musicians at the lower end. The platform was erected 2 feet 6 inches from the floor and railed in. At the back in the middle under a canopy of green damask and upon a semicircular step, raised six inches above the level of the platform, was placed a chair for the Chan- cellor, on the right-hand a chair for the Vice-Chancellor, and on the left another for the Provost. From these chairs on each side along the back and sides down to the rails were raised seats and forms, and on the right side, advanced before those seats, were placed two chairs of state for the Lord Lieutenant and his Lady. Over the door of the Hall, and eight feet above the floor, was erected the gallery for the musicians, and along the sides of the Hall, between the platform and gallery, were seats raised and forms placed, leaving a passage in the midst seven feet wide. On the right side, next to the platform, part of the seats were enclosed as a box for the reception of such ladies of quality whom the Chancellor should invite. The platform with its steps, the gallery and the seats, were covered with green broadcloth. The passage through the midst of the Hall was covered with carpeting, and the semicircular step under his Grace's chair ornamented with a rich carpet. " When the Lord Lieutenant and his Lady, the Nobility, the Lord Mayor and Sheriffs of the city, the ladies of quality and fashion, and all who walked not in the procession, had taken their seats in the Hall, the * Their expenses were 180 guineas, which were paid by the Bursar, and also the cost of an " express to the Duke of Bedford," amounting to 28 8*. 9^., which had been defrayed by the Provost. 218 Installation of the Duke of Bedford. procession moved solemnly from the Regent House, the chamber over the gateway, to the Hall in the following order, according to juniority: Undergraduates, Bachelors of Arts, candidates for Degrees, Masters of Arts, Bachelors in Music, in Law, in Physic, in Divinity, Doctors in Music, in Law, in Physic, in Divinity, Senior Fellows, Noble Students, Yice-Provost, Beadle with his Mace, Proctors, Chancellor between the Vice-Chancellor on his right, and the Provost on his left, Archbishops, Dukes, Earls, Viscounts, Bishops, Barons, &c. &c. "Every gentleman who walked in the procession was habited in the robes of his Order and Degree. The Undergraduates and Bachelors of Arts stopped at the Hall-door, opened to right and left, and after the Nobility entered the Hall according to seniority. The candidates for Degrees, Masters in Arts, and Bachelors in Music, Law, Physic, and Divinity, stopped at the steps of the platform. The Doctors, &c., ascended the plat- form by four steps. During this procession the musicians played a solemn March composed on the occasion by the Earl of Mornington, Professor of Music. " The music having ceased, the Registrar read the Act of the College constituting his Grace their Chancellor. Upon which the Vice-Chancellor and the Provost, assisted by the Seniors, led his Grace to the canopy and installed him. And the Vice-Chancellor having taken his place on the right, when the Mace and the University Rules were laid at his feet, the Provost, assisted by the Seniors, delivered into his Grace's hand a printed copy of the College Statutes elegantly bound, promising for himself and the University all due and statutable obedience. His Grace then arising re- turned them thanks for the honour they had done him in electing him their Chancellor, expressing that it was more pleasing to him, as this mark of the confidence of a Body so distinguished by their learning, virtue, and loyalty, gave him reason to hope that his conduct during his administration was not disagreeable to the people of Ireland in general, whose prosperity and wel- fare, and particularly the honour and privileges of the University, he would seek every occasion to advance, &c. " The Provost having taken his place on the left, and the Seniors having retired to their seats, after a short pause the Provost arose and addressed the Chancellor and University in a most elegant Latin oration, in the close of which he addressed himself particularly to the Professor of Music, who thereupon gave the signal to the musicians, and gave copies of the Ode to the Lord Lieutenant and the Chancellor. The Ode was written on the occasion by Mr. Richard Archdale, an Undergraduate, and was set to music by the Professor, the Earl of Mornington. " After the conferring of the Degrees by the Chancellor, the Commence- ment was closed, and the musicians played the March, as before, and the Procession, as before, attended his Grace to the Provost's House. Musical Performances at the Installation. 219 " His Grace, with the Nobility, Fellows, Professors, &c., dined in the Eating Hall. There were two chairs placed at the head of the table ; the Lord Lieutenant sat on the right hand. " Sunday, Sept. 11. His Grace the Chancellor was sung into Chapel by the Choir. He sat in the Provost's stall, the Provost in the Vice-Provost's ; the Yice-Provost, Nobility, and Professors, were seated in the adjoining seats. Two Senior Fellows read the Lessons, the Deans the Communion Service. The Professor of Divinity preached from Proverbs, chap, xv., verse 14. There were two Anthems. The Te Deum and the Jubilate were composed by the Earl of Mornington. " On Tuesday, Sept. 13, the Chancellor, attended by the Provost, Fel- lows, and Professors, visited the Elaboratory, Anatomy School, Wax- works, &c. In the Natural Philosophy School his Grace was addressed by Mr. Crosbie, a Nobilis, son of Lord Brandon, in English verse. ... As his Grace was quitting the Library the Professor of Oratory addressed him in an English farewell speech, which his Grace was pleased to answer with great politeness." Hardy,* who was present on the occasion, states that " Provost Andrews made a speech which was much admired, especially that part of it where he alluded with a gracious and affecting tenderness to the death of the Marquis of Tavistock, in the preceding year, by a fall from his horse. It was short, and mingled with that respect to the feelings of the Duke which his presence and the moment naturally required." The ceremonial, which must have been one of unusual brilliancy, was followed by a banquet upon which no expenset * Life of Charlemont. t The expenses of the musical performance have been preserved, and they are interesting as indicating the remuneration which was paid to vocal and instrumental musicians in Dublin in 1768. There were seven performers on the violin, who were paid two guineas each. The principal violinist, Mr. Lee, was paid five guineas. Two hautboys, two tenors, four violoncellos, two double-basses, two horns, and a trumpet, all two guineas each. The gentlemen of the choir, and the voices employed in singing the Ode, were paid at the following rate : Mr. Colgan and Dr. Murphy, five guineas each ; seven at two guineas each ; the boys, five guineas ; three additional voices, one guinea. The names of all the vocal and in- strumental performers have been preserved, and several of them must have taken part in the first performance of Handel's Messiah in Dublin in 1741. The accounts for December quarter, 1768, show that the expenses of the instal- lation (including 98 19s. paid to the musical performers) amounted to 285 6*. Id. ; and the dinner given on the same day in the Dining Hall cost 250 16*. 220 The Earl of Morning ton. was spared by the College. The Duke, as a mark of his regard, presented to the University a fine full-length portrait of himself, by Gainsborough, which is at present hung in the Provost's House. The following is a list of the Honorary Degrees which were conferred at the installation, at the request of the Chancellor of the University : Honorary Doctors of Divinity Rev. Ed- ward Bayly, Eev. John Wynne, Rev. Humphrey French, and Rev. Theobald Disney. Honorary Doctors of Medicine George Cleghorn and Thomas Blackball. Honorary Doctors of Laws James Shiel, William Dennis, Rev. Peter Chaig- neau, and the Rev. Edward Day. Honorary Masters of Arts- Rev. William Craddock and John Foster. Honorary Bachelor of Arts Philip Begg Roberts. During Dr. Andrews' Provostship the cultivation of high- class music in Trinity College appears to have been introduced for the first time. The Earl of Mornington, who had been educated in the College, whose name appears in the Senior Lecturer's book as a distinguished prizeman at the Term Examinations, and who took the degrees of B.A. in 1754, and of M.A. in 1757, was elected the first Professor of Music on. July 14, 1764, having been admitted to the degree of Doctor of Music at the Summer Commencements of that year. The musical performances at the Duke of Bedford's installation were doubtless arranged by Lord Mornington. In the early part of 1762 a regular choir, and choral service every Sunday, was for the first time established in the College Chapel. We find that surplices were then provided for the members of the choir at the expense of the College. We find, too, in the quarter's accounts of March, 1762, a sum of money paid for music, and also for writing out the scores. In the College accounts of the June quarter of that year the salaries of the choirmen appear for the first time. The total expenses of the musical services in the Chapel, after 1762, amounted to about 138 per annum. Previous to this period the only occasion on which musical services were held in the College Chapel was once The Choral Services in the Chapel. 221 every year, on Trinity Sunday, when the choirs of the Cathe- drals were paid a sura of 9 13s. Id. annually for attending the evening service, which was on that day choral * In the College accounts of the year 1762, we find the following entry "Lord Mornington, for music, 23 7s. 9d. " which would render it probable that the regular Sunday musical services in the College Chapel, which were instituted in that year, owed their origin to that nobleman's influence with Provost Andrews and the Senior Fellows. Lord Mornington's name appears also in the College ac- counts of the time in connexion with the purchase of plate. In 1759 there is an entry " Lord Mornington, for Plate, 659 11s. 7d" Whether this sum represents the price of the plate purchased from him by the College, or that which he was authorized to expend for the College, we cannot say. In eight years from 1758, a sum of close upon 1250 was expended in purchases of this description. No doubt the College had at this period many large cups presented to it from time to time, but in respect to ordinary table silver it appears to have been in Provost Baldwin's time very deficient. When the Lord Lieutenant was entertained by the College, plate had to be hired of the silversmiths for the occasion ; but as each Fellow- Commoner had been for a long period charged 6 at his entrance for plate, and each Pensioner 12s., a very considerable sum must have accumulated which was applicable for this purpose. Provost Andrews, whose tastes were disposed to * An organist appears to have been regularly appointed from the time of tho Restoration ; and in 1700 his salary was fixed at 30 per annum. This represented the statutable salary of a Senior Fellow at the time, and was more than the salary attached to any College office. We cannot determine how his services were used in the Chapel. We find in the Register of May 30, 1743, the following entry : " This day it was resolved that for the more solemn celebration of Divine Service in the Chapel, four persons shall be chosen by the name of Chanters, whose busi- ness it shall be to answer all the responses with an audible voice, and attend the organ in chanting and singing the Psalms, for which the Senior Dean is to take care to have them properly prepared, and that the Sacrament money shall in future be applied to the support of such chanters." This arrangement appears to have failed ; and in 1774 the chanters were reduced to two, at which number they remain. The organist's salary was 40 per annum in 1762. 222 New Professorships Founded. handsome and costly entertainments,* doubtless influenced the College to undertake this expenditure. There was yet another matter in which the Provostship of Dr. Andrews was marked by a vast improvement in the edu- cation of the Students. As an influential member of the Board of Governors of Erasmus Smith's estates, the Provost was in- strumental in inducing that Board to found new Professorships in Trinity College. In 1762 the Chairs of Mathematics and of Hebrew were endowed, and the Chair of Oratory was separated from that of Modern History, which was founded as a new ) Professorship. On the 20th of November of that year Dr. Stokes was chosen Mathematical Professor ; Dr. Leland, Pro- fessor of Oratory ; Dr. Martin, Professor of Hebrew ; and Dr. William Andrews,! Professor of History. And for the first time Assistants to these Professors were chosen from the Junior Fellows, as follows : Dr. Murray and Mr. Dabzac, Assistants to the Mathematical Professor ; Dr. Hudson and Mr. Forsayth, Assistants to the Professor of Hebrew ; Mr. Law, Assistant in Oratory ; and Mr. Kearney, Assistant in History. In this way all the Junior Fellows had important educational work imposed upon them in addition to their labours as College Tutors. The salaries of each of the Professors were 100 per annum, of the Senior Assistants in each case 30, and of the Junior Assistants 20 ; and these salaries remained unaltered until the middle of the present century. Provost Andrews had been in a very delicate state of health for two years before his death, and he was obliged to spend a considerable portion of that time in the south of Europe. His * "We can trace in the College accounts the growing and large expenditure, on the entertainments given by the College to the Lord Lieutenants. In 1747 the cost of this dinner to Earl Harrington was 100 Os. 5d. ; in 1757, to the Duke of Bedford, 194 16*. 3d.; in 1761, to Lord Halifax, 153 12s. 11^. ; in 1763, to the Earl of Northumberland, 187 6s. 6d. ; in 1765, to the Earl of Hertford, 236 17s. Id. ; in 1767, to the Marquis Townshend, 267 6s. Sd. ; in 1773, to the Earl Harcourt, 276 18s. Id. ; in 1777, to the Earl of Buckinghamshire, 303 18s. 5d. ; in 1781, to Earl of Carlisle, 356 13s. Id. ; and in 1782, to the Duke of Portland, 364 5s. Sd. t A native of Kilkenny, in no way related to the Provost. Provost Andrew^ Will. 223 letters to his friend, Mr. Sexten Pery, the Speaker of the Irish House of Commons, written during that period, place Dr. Andrews' character in a very pleasing light. They are preserved in Lord Emly's collection, and have been printed in the eighth volume of the Eeports of the Historical Manuscripts Commission. Dr. Andrews died of fever at Shrewsbury, on his way to Dublin, on Sunday, June 12, 1774. Some interesting details of Dr. Andrew's life and character may be gathered from the evidence before a committee of the Irish House of Commons in 1780, printed in an Appendix to the tenth volume of the Journals of that House. A petition had been presented by Eobert and George Gamble for the purpose of legislation with regard to Dr. Andrews' will. It appears that his father had died when he was only two years old, and that his mother, not having any daughters of her own, had adopted a young girl a few years older than he was. Mrs. Andrews shortly afterwards married a Mr. Tomkins, who managed her son's paternal property very advantageously, and invested his money in the purchase of landed estate in the county of Antrim, which produced a net rental of 665. Mr. Tomkins died, and his wife's adopted daughter married a Mr. Gamble. Andrews was throughout his life devotedly attached to his mother, and had a warm affection for Mr. Gamble and his wife. After he became Provost the Gambles lived with him in the Provost's House, and they managed his domestic arrangements so prudently that he was able to keep up con- siderable state, and a number of servants and equipages, at an expenditure of from 900 to 1000 a-year, a less sum than he had been in the habit of expending when he was a Fellow residing, unmarried, in his rooms in College. Andrews was represented by all the witnesses to have been a most amiable and highly honourable man, with a sincere love for the College. During the period in which Provost Andrews was at the head of the College he was particularly fortunate in the number 224 Provost Andrews' Contemporaries. of men of marked ability and sound scholarship who co-operated with him to raise the character of the institution over which he 7 presided. The Vice- Provost was William Clement, M.D., who held that office from 1753 to his death, in 1782. Dr. Clement was a man highly respected by his contemporaries. He repre- sented the University in Parliament from 1761 to 1768, and he was afterwards member for the city of Dublin. Dr. Clement was also actively engaged in College work. He was Professor of Botany for thirty years, and at the same time Professor of Mathematics for nine years, and of Natural Philosophy for N fourteen years. Dr. Theaker Wilder was a man of considerable ability, but he was remarkable for a very violent and brutal temper. He will be always remembered as Goldsmith's College Tutor, and for the treatment which the careless and disorderly sizar suffered at his hands. Dr. Wilder published an edition of Newton's Universal Arithmetic, with notes, and he was an active member of the Board during nearly twelve years of Dr. x Andrews' Provostship. But probably the best known of the Senior Fellows at this time, both as a scholar, a writer, and a popular preacher, was Dr. Leland. Shortly after his election to a Junior Fellowship he proposed, as we have seen, to edit a series of classical authors in conjunction with Mr. John Stokes, who was elected to a Fellowship in the same year as he was, and this work he partially carried into effect. Dr. Leland was one of the best classical scholars of his day, and is well known for his edition of Demosthenes in Greek, with a Latin trans- lation ; his translation into English of the Orations of Demos- thenes, in three volumes ; as well as for his life of Philip of Macedon. He was also the author of the History of Ireland, which attracted considerable attention at its publication. Dr. Leland's position in the literary world is best defined in the words which are attributed to Dr. Parr*: "Of Leland my opinion is not founded upon hearsay evidence ; nor is it deter- * See a life of Dr. Leland in the Anthologia Hibernica for March, 1793, in which these words are quoted from Tracts by Warburton and a Warburtonian. London, 1789, p. 193. Dr. Leland and Bishop Hamilton. 225 mined solely by the great authority of Dr. Johnson, who always mentioned Leland with cordial regard and great respect. It might perhaps be invidious for me to hazard a favourable decision upon the History of Ireland, because the merits of that work have been disputed by critics ; but I may with confidence appeal to writings which have long contributed to public amusement; to the life of Philip, and to the translation of Demosthenes ; to the judicious dissertation upon eloquence, and to the defence of that dissertation." Dr. Leland held the Professorship of Oratory for twenty years, until he retired upon the College living of Ardstraw, a benefice which he held only for three years, as he died in 1784. Eichard Murray, D.D., afterwards Provost, was another N able and highly esteemed member of the Board, who was en- gaged at this time in carrying on the educational work of the College. Dr. Murray was College Tutor for fourteen years, and afterwards, in 1764, he was co-opted to a Senior Fellow- ship and appointed to the Professorship of Mathematics, a post which he held for thirty-one years. He is best known to many successive generations of students as being the author of a treatise upon Logic, which he wrote at the request of the Board, and which remained a text-book for nearly a century. Another of the Senior Fellows of this time was Dr. Thomas x Wilson, who was Professor of Natural Philosophy, and who was the editor of a selection of Plutarch's lives, in three volumes, which was prepared for the use of the Undergra- duates. Dr. "Wilson was preceded in the Professorship by one of the most distinguished of the men who were numbered among the Fellows in the eighteenth century, Hugh Hamilton, afterwards Bishop of Ossory. Hamilton entered Trinity Col- lege in his fourteenth year, in 1742, and after a distinguished Undergraduate course he was elected a Fellow at the age of twenty-two, having been in the previous year an unsuccessful competitor with Eichard Murray, with whom, as well as with Dr. Andrews, he was always joined in the closest ties of friendship. Q 226 Dr. Michael Kearney. s He was shortly afterwards elected to a Fellowship of the Royal Society of London, and communicated at least two im- portant Papers to the Philosophical Transactions. Hamilton held the Professorship of Natural Philosophy from 1759 to 1764, when he retired upon the College living of Kilmacrenan. The work, however, by which his name will be always re- membered is a geometrical treatise on Conic Sections, in which in a most original manner he deduced all the properties of the conic sections from a consideration of these curves as the various sections of a cone. This was published in 1758, seven years after the time of his election to a Fellowship. Hamilton was also the author of an Essay in which he attempted to demon- strate the existence of the Supreme unoriginated Being, and of another Essay on the Permission of Evil. Bishop Hamilton's complete works, in two volumes, were published by his son after his death. From an entry in the College Eegister of January, 1796, it appears that Lord Camden, when Lord Lieutenant, offered, unsolicited, the Bishopric of Clonfert to Dr. Hamilton when Dean of Armagh, in order to show his regard for the University in which the Dean had received his education. Another Senior Fellow of the time was Dr. Michael Kearney,* Professor of History, whose name is familiar to the readers of Croker's edition of Boswell's life of Johnson as a contributor of notes to that work. Dr. Kearney was elder brother of John Kearney, afterwards Senior Fellow and Provost of the College. Croker states that both the brothers were amiable men and accomplished scholars. Michael Kearney vacated his Fellow- ship in 1778, on the acceptance of the College benefice of Tullyagnish, and he was appointed afterwards, in 1798, to the Archdeaconry of Raphoe. There cannot be any doubt that during Dr. Andrews' Pro- vostship the College made rapid progress in the education of the Students and the learning of the Fellows, as well as in the * Michael Kearney was elected a Junior Fellow in 1757. The vacancy was made by the death of Mr. Hastings immediately before "Whitsunday, and it is stated that Kearney was the only candidate on the occasion. Expulsion of James Johnston. 227 external beauty and extent of its buildings ; and this must be attributed to the distinguished scholars and excellent men who assisted him in the government of the institution. The Senior Fellows of his time were all men of ability and scholarship, experienced in the educational requirements of the period, and most of them stood very high in the estimation of the learned portion of the community. On one occasion only was Provost Andrews obliged to act with decision in inflicting severe punishment upon one of the Scholars, James Johnston. In July, 1768, there was a Parliamentary election. The candidates were the Attorney- General, Philip Tisdall, and Dr. Clement, one of the Senior Fellows, who had both represented the University in the previous Parliament. In opposition to these Sir Capel Moly- neux was started, and he was a friend of the Provost. During the polling Dr. Andrews, who was in the Hall as returning officer, took occasion to denounce some improper proceedings which had been adopted to intimidate one of the Fellows. Johnston rose and charged the Provost with using undue influence himself; and he related a conversation which had passed between him and the Provost. " You told me," he said, " that since I thought proper to refuse you a favour, upon your honour you would never grant me one in or out of the College while I lived in this world." Six days after this Johnston was called before the Provost to explain this im- proper behaviour. He said that he had spoken as an elector to the returning officer ; he justified what he had asserted, and he refused to make any submission although pressed by the Provost to do so. The latter said he would give him time to reflect ; and on the next day he summoned the two Deans and expelled Johnston. The Scholar appealed to the Visitors, Primate Robinson and Archbishop Smyth, who sat in the Hall to hear the case on the 23rd of September. The evidence was taken, but not on oath, as the Visitors held that they had no power to administer oaths except at a general Visitation of the College. The Provost objected to the admission of counsel to Q2 /<&.-' 228 Visitation in Johnston's Case. argue the case ; and he also complained that the Visitors should have cited him as a party, inasmuch as he had only acted as judge. " God forbid," he said, " that I should be looked upon as appearing here as a party against that young man. I ap- pear here to justify my sentence against him, and to show that consistently with my duty I could not avoid passing this sen- tence in support of discipline." He disclaimed any degree of resentment for the insult offered to him, and concluded in these words " I am now arraigned for inflicting a cruel and severe punishment. When I look around me, I can lay my hand on my breast, and with a noble confidence ask, In what instance, for ten years that I have been at the head of this place, has it been known that I inclined to cruelty and severity ? On the con- trary, I have often perhaps too often interposed and recom- mended mercy and lenity." The Primate delivered the opinion of the Visitors that the offence came under the words " probra et scandala " in the chapter of the College Statutes " De morum honestate colenda," and not under the head of "ma- jora crimina;" and consequently that they fell under the jurisdiction of the Provost and Senior Fellows, and not under that of the Provost alone. Johnston was, by their direction, restored to his Scholarship. The Visitors then desired that the sentence should be registered. This the Provost refused, de- claring that until the sentence should be confirmed by the Chancellor of the University it could have no force.* Dr. Andrews appealed from the decree of the Visitors, and in the meanwhile refused to consider Johnston as a Scholar. The Duke of Bedford laid the case before Sir George Hay and Mr. Forrester, two eminent English counsel, and they held that the offence was one of the " majora crimina ;" and consequently the Chancellor upheld the Provost's sentence, and dismissed Johnston's appeal. * In the case of Dr. Lambert Hughes, already referred to in page 167, there was an appeal to the Chancellor, Frederick Prince of "Wales, who approved of the sentence, ' ' because he found that it was necessary for the support of the discipline of the College." Provost Hutchinson, from a statement of Dr. Clarke, Senior Fellow at the time. Grants by Erasmus Small's Board. 229 The citation of the Provost to appear as a party before the Visitors was indecorous, and calculated to influence the minds of the Students. The Provost was the head of a lay corpora- tion, and the principles of common law, and not of ecclesiastical practice, should have prevailed. According to the College Statutes the Provost was bound to take cognizance of and to determine causes, and also by the oath which he had taken to perform this duty according to the Statutes; and it may be held that, inasmuch as the Archbishop of Dublin admitted that Johnston's was a grave offence, and the only question which arose was as to jurisdiction, it was an improper proceeding of these Prelates to cite before them either as a party or a delin- quent the man whose judgment they were to review. Such a proceeding tended to degrade the authority of the Provost, and appeared to prejudge the whole matter. The report of this case was never printed. It remains among the papers of Provost Hutchinson, from notes taken on the occasion by Dr. O'Connor, who was then Junior Dean, and from the information of the Senior Dean, Dr. Leland. It is to be remarked that at the same election another Scholar, named Stopford, was guilty of an offence of a similar nature to that of Johnston. The Provost referred his case to the Board ; but the Senior Fellows were of opinion that the offence was not cognizable by them, and the Provost proceeded no further against Stopford. The augmented grant from the Governors of Erasmus Smith's estates, which Provost Andrews was instrumental in obtaining for the College, formed a considerable increase to the incomes of both the Senior and Junior Fellows at the time. The sums annually payable to the College from the year 1763 out of these estates were as follows : Three Fellows, 100 ; thirty-five Exhibitions, 250 ; Professor of Mathematics and two Assistants, 110 ; Professor of Oriental Languages and two Assistants, 140 ; Professor of Oratory and one Assistant, 120 ; Professor of Natural Philosophy, 100 ; all late Irish currency. 230 Table of Statu table Salaries. These payments continued to be made for a great part of a century, until the year 1847, when the rents received by the Board of Erasmus Smith were greatly diminished. No pay- ments are now made from this fund for Assistant Professors, and the five Professors at present partly maintained on this foundation receive from the Erasmus Smith's estates 60 a-year, present currency the augmentations of these salaries, in some cases very considerable, as well as the salaries of the Assistants to the Professor of Hebrew, being now paid out of the funds of the College . The annual charges which were fixed by the Irish Act of 10 George I. continue to be paid by the Governors.* TABLE OF STATUTABLE SALARIES. (Referred to in Foot-note on page 216.) 1637. 1676. 1721. 1758. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. Provost, .... 100 200 376 564 Of Senior Fellow, . . 9 13 4 30 48 6 8 100 Junior Fellow, . . 300 10 15 40 Native Scholar, % . . 300 300 15 20 Ordinary Scholar, J . 10 1 5 2 10 400 Catechist, .... 13 6 8 20 66 13 4 Senior Dean, . . . 400 16 20 Junior Dean, . . . 200 800 10 Bursar, 10 20 50 Senior Lecturer, . . 400 16 20 Greek and Morning Lecturers, . . . | 4 800 20 Auditor, .... 6 13 4 10 33 6 8 * See page 208. t 800 in 1759. J In 1827 the distinction between native and ordinary scholars was abolished, and the salaries for all fixed at the same sum, i.e. 20 late Irish currency. CHAPTEE XII. THE PROVOSTSHIP OF JOHN HELY HUTCHINSON. WHEN the death of Provost Andrews became known in Dublin, on the 19th of June, 1774, political intrigues were immediately commenced with regard to the succession to the vacant post. Earl Harcourt was at that time Lord Lieutenant, and he appears to have delegated all his authority and power to the Chief Secretary, Sir John Blacquiere. Dr. Duigenan informs us* that no one knew anything about this Chief Secretary except that he had been an officer of dragoons, and that he was " vain, insolent, avaricious, ignorant, and illiterate." He states that during the whole period of Lord Harcourt's administration Blacquiere distributed all the preferments of the kingdom, civil, military, and ecclesiastical, solely upon political grounds, or with reference to his own private interests. At the time of Dr. Andrews' death the office of Solicitor- General was about to be vacated, and there were two candidates for the post, James Dennis and John Scott, one of whom Blacquiere was afraid to disoblige, and the other he wished to promote. Both these men were men of eminence at the Bar, and both deserving of advancement. There was another man, a prominent member of the House of Commons, and a barrister in large practice, John Hely Hutchinson, at that time Prime Serjeant, a position which was worth to him 1000 per annum. In addition to this he held the office of Alnagerf of Ireland, the fees of which he farmed out for 800 ; and he had the income of the office * Lachrymce Academics. t Alnager was an officer for measuring and stamping cloth in the woollen manufacture. The word is derived from ulna, an ell. 232 Dr. Hutchinson appointed Provost. increased during his tenure of it by an addition of 1000 per annum. Hutchinson had also secured to himself the reversion of the office of Princj^^Se^reJtarjjof State, the salary of which was at that time 1800. Blacquiere seized upon the opportunity of solving the diffi- culty in which he was placed, and at the same time of benefiting himself. He induced Lord Harcourt to influence the King to promote Hutchinson to the Provostship, thus setting free the office of Prime Serjeant, which was given to Dennis, and the office of Alnager, which he retained for himself, and which he afterwards farmed out at an annual rent of 1200. He was thus free to promote Scott who afterwards became Chief Justice and Earl of Clonmel to the place of Solicitor- General. Hutchinson, along with the Provostship, was appointed to an office virtually created for him the Searchership of the Port of Strangford with a salary of 1000 to himself, and his two elder sons in succession. John Hely Hutchinson was the son of Mr. Francis Hely, and a native of Cork. He assumed the name of Hutchinson on his succession to the estate of Eichard Hutchinson of Knock- lofty, in the county of Tipperary, which came to him through his wife, who had been a Miss Nixon. John Hely entered Trinity College as a Pensioner, on April 29, 1740, under Mr. Lawson, as his College Tutor. Hely's name appears in the Senior Lecturer's book as having obtained premiums at two Term Examinations at the least. He was however not a Scholar of the College, although there were twenty-one elected in his year. He took the degree of B.A. on Shrove Tuesday, 1744. Hely had, consequently, left College before either Burke or Goldsmith had become Un- dergraduates. On taking his degree he appears to have immediately become a Student at the Inns of Court, for he was called to the Bar in 1748. He soon secured a lucrative practice, and in 1759 he was enabled to purchase a seat in the House, as Member for Lanesborough. In 1761 he became Member for Cork, Prime Serjeant, and Privy Councillor. Ilutchinson 1 s Character and Qualifications. 233 Thirty busy years had thus elapsed from the time when Hutchinson had left the University, and it does not appear that during all this time he had kept up any connexion with Trinity College. He educated his eldest son at Eton and at ' Oxford. Although a man of undoubted ability, he had probably forgotten any knowledge of the subjects of Collegiate teaching which he had acquired when an Undergraduate ; and he was thoroughly unacquainted with the ordinary educational work of the College, which had completely changed in the lapse of thirty years. No more unsuitable appointment could have been made by the Government of the day to the headship and control of the University of Dublin ;* and Mr. Grerrard Hamilton, who was a fair and shrewd observer of the men of his time, said thatf " Hutchinson's acceptance of the Provostship was an unwise step ;" yet that "in his private life he was amiable, and in the several duties of father and husband exemplary." With his natural abilities, and with remarkable debating powers, combined with that personal courage and fearlessness which were essential at the time, Hutchinson might have aspired to the highest legal or political office ; and his innate greed of place and love of jobbery would have been forgotten, if he had been satisfied to continue in a position in which these traits of character were not remarkable disqualifications for celebrity. Trained as he was in the political manoeuvres of the time, Hutchinson's first object was to secure political influence for himself in connexion with his new office. The University returned two members to the House of Commons ; the electors were the Fellows and such of the seventy Scholars as were not minors. The Provost was then supposed to have the power of nominating to Fellowships and Scholarships candidates who had the votes even of a small minority of the Senior Fellows. * It was said at the time that the flight Hon. Henry Flood would have been appointed Provost if Hutchinson had not accepted the post ; and this solely for political reasons. Flood's appointment would have been equally unsuitable to the interests of the institution. f Hardy's Life of Gharkmont. 234 Potvers of the Provost in 1774. He could prevent the election to Professorships and Lecture- ships by declining to assent to the majority. He could annoy and harass in many ways any Fellow or Scholar who opposed his wishes, and it was equally in his power to oblige his par- tizans. The Provost at that time had the power of what was called " non-coing," that is, of allowing the money value of their Commons to such of the Fellows and Scholars as were absent and did not dine in the Hall. The value of this allow- ance was, in the case of Scholars, at the rate of about 16 per annum. He could give or refuse leave of absence, even in the vacation time, at his will. He could throw impediments in the way of the College custom of citing before the Board, and depriving of their places Scholars who were absent without leave, or who had, by negligent attendance upon academic duties, incurred Collegiate censure at the hands of the Provost and Senior Fellows. The old Statutes, moreover, gave the Provost the right to nominate eight of the thirty Sizars. This power had been tacitly abandoned for half a century, and these places had been all awarded as the result of a competitive examination; but the old Statute remained unrepealed, and Hutchinson discovered the Provost's power, long disused, and attempted to revive it. He had the power of granting or refusing chambers in College at his option ; and he had the absolute disposal of fifteen sets of chambers, belonging to the Provost or the Vice- Chancellor, without any charge to the Student to whom he assigned them. The Statutes gave the Provost the power of removing from negligent Tutors their College pupils, and transferring them to other Fellows. Hutch- inson thereupon assumed the unheard-of right of arbitrarily regulating and controlling the free selection of College Tutors by the Students or their advisers at their entrance into the College. Hutchinson's first endeavour was to secure to his interest some of the Senior and Junior Fellows upon whose votes and influence he could rely. It was at that time contrary to the Statutes that any of the Fellows should marry, and if his Hutchinson' s attempts to secure a Party in College. 235 marriage could be proved he was liable to be deprived of his place. Three of the Senior Fellows were in this predicament Dr. Clement, the Vice-Provost, Dr. Leland, and Dr. Dabzac. Hutchinson asked Lord Harcourt to procure dispensations for the last two, but the Lord Lieutenant refused to do so unless the Vice-Provost was included. Notwithstanding Hutchinson's strong objections, Lord Harcourt insisted upon extending to Dr. Clement the proposed Koyal favour. This measure bound over Dr. Leland and Dr. Dabzao to the Provost's interest, and they generally voted with him in divisions at the meetings of the Board. Dr. Duigenan informs us* that he himself, through his influence with the Attorney- General, Philip Tisdall, obtained similar dispensations for the only three f of the Junior Fellows whom he knew to be married, and these gentlemen were in this way saved from the power of the Provost in this respect. One of the Junior Fellows, Mr. Forsayeth, was gained over to the Provost's interests by means of the Crown living of Kilcock, which Hutchinson obtained for him from the Lord Lieutenant, and which was decided to be under 10 in the King's books, and within fifteen miles of Dublin, the distance which rendered it tenable with a Fellowship. In order to secure the interest of the Scholars, the Provost employed the Eev. Wensley Bond, who had formerly been a Scholar of the College, and who had married Hutehinson's niece. Bond was private tutor to the Provost's sons, and he granted rooms to him in College as a resident Master of Arts. Bond had thus an opportunity of becoming acquainted with young men reading for Scholarship, and of ingratiating him- self with the Scholars, whom he endeavoured to bring over to the interests of the Hutchinson family by promising to secure for them places and privileges in the Provost's gift. In return for this service Hutchinson obtained for Bond the Deanery of Ross. Dr. Hutchinson was admitted Provost in July, 1774 ; and * Lachrymce Academics, p. 174. t Mr. Kearney, Mr. Fitzgerald, and Mr. Drought. 236 Philip Tisdall. in the ordinary course of events a general election might be expected in 1776. The sitting members were Philip Tisdall,* the Attorney- General, who had represented the University for thirty-five years, and Sir Capel Molyneux, who had succeeded Dr. Clement at the last election in 1768. In the November following Hutchinson sent for the Junior Fellows, and in- timated that his eldest son, a youth who had not long since graduated at Oxford, intended to contest the representation of the University at the next election. He asked them to promise him their own votes and their interest with the Scholars who were their pupils, and also not to pledge their second votes to anyone at present, as he intended to run a second candidate whom he was not prepared to name at that time. This pro- posal and address was received with astonishment and dignified coldness by the able and independent men whom he thus ventured to canvass. When the Scholars were informed by a few of the Fellows of this unseemly attempt of the Provost to thrust his nominees upon the electors at an election then eighteen months off, they formed an association, and they determined to assemble and nominate two canditates in oppo- sition to those who were indicated by the Provost. The meet- ing of the Scholars could not be held within the College * The following account of Tisdall is from Hutchinson' s pen : " Tisdall was a man of first-rate talents, and one of the greatest lawyers of his time. He had been for many years Attorney- General and Judge of the Prerogative Court in Ireland. He was a representative in Parliament of Trinity College from 1739 to 1776, and became his Majesty's principal Secretary of State and Keeper of the Privy Seal in Ireland. He supported his station with dignity and magnificence. In the Courts of Justice, the Senate, the Privy Council, and the Cabinet, he maintained for many years, and to the time of his death, which happened at a very advanced age, the reputation of a man of great knowledge and ability. Though not an eloquent, he was a powerful advocate, and an excellent conductor of Parliamentary business. In private life he was possessed of a considerable portion of pleasantry and humour ; his sagacity pointed out the spring on which the ridicule moved, which he touched without seeming to look for it. His hospitality and social manners had procured him numerous friendships. Had he stood singly for the College no opposition would have been given to him. His junction with Mr. Burgh rendered it neces- sary for the Provost to oppose both, or to have given up his son's election ; and perhaps the latter part of the alternative should have been chosen." Hutchinson^ s MS. History of the College. Meeting of the Scholars. 237 no private chamber could accommodate so many as would assemble and they determined to meet at Eyan's in Fownes'- street, which was at that time the principal tavern in the city, in order to discuss the representation of the University. A meeting of the Scholars of this kind at a tavern in the middle of the day was not unusual, and there were two precedents for it in Provost Andrews' time.* On the morning of the 9th of November a notice was affixed to the great door of the Hall summoning this meeting at two o'clock the same day. The Provost had heard of the intended meeting, and he gave directions to the head porter to take down the notice, when posted, and to bring it to him to the Law Courts, where he was then engaged. Immediately on receipt of it he hurried back to the College, summoned the two Deans Dr. Wilson and Mr. Richardson and directed^ them to go at once to Ryan's tavern, and to order the Scholars whom they should find as- sembled there immediately to disperse. The Deans found about forty of the Scholars in the room and delivered to them the Provost's orders. The greater part of the Scholars refused to obey, and the Deans returned to the College and informed the Provost. He sent them back to the tavern, with a per- emptory order accompanied by threats of severe punishment which would be inflicted upon those who disobeyed his man- date. On their second visit to Fownes'-street the Deans found the Scholars, having accomplished their purpose, ready to dis- perse quietly. On the following day the Provost called a meeting of the Board, and summoned a considerable number of the Scholars who were present at the tavern to attend. The Senior Fellows, after a long discussion, agreed by a majority that the Scholars should be reprimanded for their meeting, in a form prepared by the Provost and corrected by the Board. While these long discussions were going on in the Boardroom, the Scholars! who had been summoned were waiting in the * Lachnjmce, p. 98. t Their names were Quaile, Fitzgerald, Lloyd, Maunsell, Marsh, Gordon, Lee, Dwyer, Mac Owen, Rumbold, Torrens, Plunket, Duncan, Bachelors of Arts ; 238 Parliamentary Election of 1776. Provost's parlour. They elected a chairman, proposed, seconded, and passed resolutions in which they agreed to support at the next election the two candidates whom they had already selected ; and when this had been concluded they were ad- mitted into the Boardroom to hear the admonition read to them by the Provost. The general election took place on May 18, 1776; and in the meanwhile the Provost and Bond had been diligently working upon the Scholars with such success, that Eichard Hely Hutcbinson and Walter Hussey Burgh supplanted Tj|- dall and Molyneux as Members for the University. A petition, however, was lodged against the return of llutchinson on the various grounds of the reception of the votes from some Scholars who were minors, and from others who were Eoman Catholics, and also of undue influence on the part of the Provost, the returning officer. Richard Hutchinson's election was accord- ingly declared void (Tisdall having in the meanwhile died), and Jol in Fitzgibbon, afterwards Earl of Clare, was elected to the vacant place. Previous to this election the case of tho Eev. Edward Berwick occurred.* Berwick was a scholar in the Senior Bachelor class. His circumstances had induced him to accept a tuition in the country, and he was permitted to absent himself from the College by leave obtained from the Board from time to time. When the annual election of Scholars was about to take place, in 1775, the number of natural vacancies was smaller than usual ; and in order to create an additional place it was proposed at the Board that Berwick's Scholarship should be declared vacant in consequence of his continued absence. This action was not strictly in conformity with the Statutes, but it was not unusual, and was generally beneficial to the Herbert, Frazier, Palmer, Pigott, Boyd, Hamilton (William), Fairtlough, sen., Hickson, Limerick, Browne (Robert), and Lloyd, Undergraduates. Of these Marsh and Hamilton afterwards became Fellows. * See the whole case in Duigenan's Lachrymcc Academicce, p. 192, and fol- lowing. Edward Berwick s Case. 239 College. The Provost having reason to hope that Berwick's vote would be given to his son at the election, interposed ; and Berwick's character being irreproachable, he was permitted to retain his Scholarship. Shortly afterwards, towards the end of Trinity Term, he went to the Provost to ask leave of absence. Hutchinson received him civilly, and told him that he had been the means of preserving his Scholarship, and recommended his son to his protection at the election which would ensue. He also told Berwick that if he had not preserved his Scholarship, it would have been given to another person who would have voted for his son. Berwick declined to give a direct answer, and the Provost said that he would take time to consider whether he would grant him leave of absence. This scene was repeated on several occasions ; and at length Berwick, tired of waiting for the Provost's permission, went to the country with- out promising his vote. Hutchinson called a Board in the long vacation, on August 17, 1775, and summoned Berwick for contumacy in having gone to the country contrary to the Provost's orders. Four* of the members of the Board decided that Berwick should be deprived of his Scholarship ; threef of them voted against this sentence. Berwick appealed to the Visitors against this decision of the Board. The Visitors, who were Primate Eobinson, Vice-Chancellor, and Dr. Cradock, Archbishop of Dublin, after hearing the case argued for five days, on April 18th, 1776, reversed this decision of the Board, and restored Berwick to his Scholarship. When the election for representatives in Parliament took place in May, 1776, the Provost refused to receive Berwick's vote in opposition to his son, on the ground that the decision of the Visitors, restoring him to his Scholarship, had not been confirmed by the Chan- cellor of the University. Berwick shortly afterwards removed his name from the College books, and commenced an action against Hutchinson for refusing to take his vote at the elec- tion. The case was tried in the Court of Common Pleas on * Dr. Leland, Dr. Wilson, Dr. Dabzac, Dr. Forsayeth. f Dr. Clement, Dr. Murray, and Dr. Duigenan. 240 u Pranceriana." November 10th, 1777, and resulted in a verdict for the de- fendant, without costs. The Chief Justice, in charging the jury, stated that Berwick had failed to prove malice ; but the question of the legality of the Provost's action was not entertained.* It appears from the College Begister that the Board took the opinions of several eminent counsel Mr. Dennis, Mr. Scott, Mr. Charles O'Neill, and Mr. Yelverton and they all held that Berwick's restoration to his Scholarship was not complete until it had received the approval of the Chancellor (the Duke of Gloucester) , inasmuch as the Statutes declare that in all the more weighty affairs of the College nothing shall be done with- out his approbation. The Board, consequently, appealed to the Duke of Gloucester. His Eoyal Highness was then in Borne, and was absent from England for a considerable time. He placed the matter before the English Attorney- General and Solicitor- General, but we are not informed of their opinions. Time elapsed, and the Chancellor gave no decision upon the matter. In the meanwhile Berwick's salary was paid to Mr. Hales, his College Tutor, on the condition that he should hold himself liable to restore the amount to the Bursar if the decision of the two Archbishops was not upheld ; and this agreement is entered in the College Eegister. A very able, but scurrilous, series of letters appeared in the Dublin newspapers of the day exposing the conduct of the Provost in his government of the College, and letters and pamphlets in reply to these were also published. These letters^ appeared in the Freeman's Journal and the Hibernian Journal, and they were afterwards collected and published in two volumes, under the title " Pranceri&na."'f On January 3rd, 1775, a resolution was passed unanimously J by the Senior * Exshaw's Magazine, May, 1778. t Hutchinson was called by the name of " Prancer," from his attempt to estab- lish a riding-school in the College. J Dr. Duigenan was not present ; his place was filled by Dr. Forsayeth on this occasion. Dr. Patrick Duigenan. 241 Fellows, denouncing these publications, in the following terms : "The many scandalous and malicious insertions in the public papers arraigning the conduct of our Provost, without the least regard to truth or decorum, call upon us to express our just resentment and abhorrence of these wicked practices, and to declare in this manner our unanimous sense of his zeal, vigilance, impartiality, and integrity, in the faithful discharge of the duties of his important station." The resolution goes on to eulogize the important improve- ments introduced by the Provost since his accession to that office. These publications must have produced a powerful effect upon the public mind, for we find entered in the College Register a letter from Lord Weymouth to the Lord Lieutenant [Lord Harcourt], dated October 12th, 1776, expressing the King's approval of Dr. Hutchinson's conduct as Provost, and offering, in the King's name, to " give to him any additional powers which may be necessary for the support of the Provost's authority and the preservation of good order and tranquillity in the College." This letter was evidently procured by the Lord Lieutenant and Sir John Blacquiere in order to support Hutchinson. Meanwhile Dr. Duigenan, who was Senior of the Junior Fellows, and as such, sat frequently on the Board in the absence of one of the Senior Fellows, was hated by Hutchinson, and he opposed him in return in every way in his power. It was the Provost's interest that he should not be co-opted to a Senior Fellowship ; and in order to induce Duigenan to resign his Fellowship, the Provost obtained a Royal Letter increasing the salary of the Professor of Feudal and English Law, which was then vacant, from 360, the statutable amount, to 460 during the tenure of the Professorship by the next holder of the office, after which time it was to return to the old amount. Dr. Duigenan's friends advised him to acqui- esce in this arrangement, and he vacated his Fellowship in 242 The " LacTirymce Academicce." *trii 1776.* In 1777, when he was beyond the power of the Provost, he published his celebrated Lachrynm Academic^ in which he mercilessly attacked Dr. Hutchinson, and exposed all his actions as Provost during the first three years of his tenure of the office. He is also spitefully and unfairly severe upon the Senior Fellows who always voted with the Provost Dr. Leland and Dr. Dabzac and while he truly describes the Provost's unworthy electioneering manoeuvres, he is unjust to Hutchinson in his attacks upon his general government of the College during these years. Between 1776 and 1790 there were three elections for representatives of the College in Parliament, at none of "which did any son of the Provost appear as a candidate, and the conduct of the returning officer was not impeached. Few complaints of his proceedings during that period have been made, although he still maintained his arbitrary and overbear- ing character in the College. In 1790 there was again a general election, and the candidates were the late membergP- Arthur Browne, a Fellow of Trinity College and a supporter * Dr. Patrick Duigenan was the son of the Master of St. Bride's Parish School, from which he proceeded to St. Patrick's Cathedral School. In 1753 he entered Trinity College as a Sizar, and ohtained a Scholarship in 1756. He was elected Fellow in 1761. He was M.P. for Armagh ; and after taking a prominent part in connexion with the Union, he lived to the year 1816 as Judge of the Prerogative Court, Vicar-General of Armagh, Meath, and Elphin, King's Advocate- General, and a Privy Councillor. Barry Yelverton, afterwards Lord Avonmore and Chief Baron, was a Sizar in Duigenan' s class. In the College Eegister of August 7, 1775, there is the following entry : " Dr. Duigenan having at a Board held on the 3rd of August, and also on two former occasions, used improper and disrespectful expressions to the Provost, the Provost was pleased to refer the matter to the determination of the Board. But Dr. Duigenan having this day at the Board acknowledged his offence, and asked the Provost's pardon, the Provost, at the intercession of the Board, was pleased not to proceed further against Dr. Duigenan for the said offence." College Register, March 4, 1795. Present, the Provost, Doctors Kearney, Fitz- gerald, Young, Hall, Brown, Barrett, Elrington : " Resolved unanimously: That from an entry which we find upon our Registry of the 7th of August, 1775, and from the great respect which we feel for Dr. Duigenan, and our consciousness of his general merit, and particular affection for the University, we think it necessary to declare the high sense which we entertain of his character, and that such our opinion is not in the least diminished by any such entry." The College Election 0/1790. 243 of Hutchinson, and Lawrence Parsons. The Provost's friends put forward Francis Ilutchinson, his second son, as a candi- date in opposition to Par so ns/andn e was returned. On this occasion 84 out of the 92 electors tendered their votes, and at the end it was found that Arthur Browne had 62 votes, Parsons 43, and Hutchinson 39. The Provost on the scrutiny reduced Browne's votes to 51, Parsons' to 34, and those for his son to 36, thus giving him a majority of two over Parsons. Two petitions were presented against this return, and they were referred to a committee of fifteen members, including the Hon. Arthur Wesley,* the Eight Hon. Denis Daly, and Lord Edward Fitzgerald. The Committee sat from February 16, 1791, to March 24, and some of the ablest members of the Irish Bar appeared on behalf of the several parties. Mr. Plunket, in his powerful speech on the occasion, stated that " the petition was the same, word for word, as that which had been framed by the then Attorney- General Tisdall in 1776, and the evidence in support of it precisely of the same kind, though infinitely stronger in its kind, than what had been offered on that occasion." At this election fofl Prnvnsj-, personally canvass for votes in favour of his son ; but, if. alleged that he exercised indirect influence through Mr. Adair, who was a private tutor to his family, and who resided in the Provost's House, through his eldest son, now having become Lord Donoughmore,f and through the Rev. Lewis Kerr. Mr. Miller, who had been elected a Junior Fellow in 1789, stated that immediately before the Fellowship Examination Adair had offered him a list of the questions which the Provost intended to ask at that examination, in Ethics the subject in which he generally examined in his later years and also that he gave him an assurance that if the majority of the Senior * Afterwards Duke of Wellington. The proceedings of this Committee have been very fully reported in " The Case of the Borough of Trinity College, Dublin." Dublin, Mills, 1791. t Provost Hutchinson' s wife was created a peeress, and at her death her eldest son succeeded to the title. R2 244 Evidence before the Committee. Fellows should vote against him, as they had done in 1788, and which he said was likely to be the case again, the Provost would nominate him to the Fellowship. This was of course on the implied condition that he would give his vote to the Provost's nominee. Another candidate for a Fellowship, Christopher Allen, was examined. He stated that he had, in consequence of an exaggerated statement of the Provost concerning the feelings of the Senior Fellows with regard to him (Allen), promised to vote for Hutchinson alone. "When the election came he was pressed by Adair, but for family reasons, which he stated, he did not record his vote. At the next election for Fellowships there were four vacancies, and five of the Senior Fellows voted for Allen ; but the Provost resented Allen's not voting for his son by nominating John Ussher, who had the votes only of Doctors Kearney and Barrett. Dr. Marsh, one of the Fellows, informed the committee that from October, 1783, to the end of November in that year, the Provost refused to allow any pupils to enter under Dr. Hall, Dr. Stack, Dr. Hales, and Dr. Marsh. Dr. Hales, he said, " had a great number of pupils [between 60 and 70], Dr. Stack a respectable chamber of pupils, and Dr. Hall and Dr. Marsh a good number." A Scholar, named Toomey, gave evidence as to his being a Eoman Catholic, and as, through the recommendation of some of the Fellows, earning a considerable income by tuitions in College. He was elected to a " native's place," and he never was asked by any of the Fellows to conform to the Church of Ireland ; but he was pressed by Lord Donoughmore and by Mr. Hutchinson to become a Protestant, in order that he might vote at the election. This he steadily refused to do. No proof was given that the Provost had authorized Adair to make the offer to Mr. Miller, and Adair himself was not produced by the Hutchinson party to refute Miller's statement, when he could have been cross-examined as to the point. It is most likely that he may have repeated things which he had Adah's Offer to Mr. Miller. 245 overheard in the Provost's family, and that he had an oppor- tunity of access to the Provost's questions, which he could have copied out and given to Miller without the Provost's knowledge. It is not to be believed that the Provost, who had at that time the power of nominating Miller, would have placed himself, without any reason, in the power of both the messenger and the candidate.* Mr. Miller's character for high-minded and incorruptible integrity remains upon record. He had been twice an unsuccessful candidate for Fellowship, first when Whitley Stokes was elected, and a second time when Magee was declared a Fellow. On the latter occasion many thought that Miller, from his superior answering, deserved to have been elected. He was not unfriendly to the Hutchinson family, for when he was a Scholar, at the election in 1783, he had promised to vote for the Provost's eldest son, who, however, did not come to the poll. He had only to repeat the formula, "that he wished well to Lord Donoughmore's cause," and the Provost's questions would have been placed in his hands by Adair. Miller indignantly rejected the offer ; and at the next Fellowship election he had the unanimous vote of the Provost and Senior Fellows. The Eecorder of Dublin, who was the Provost's counsel before the committee, could not withstand Mr. Miller's evidence ; but he threw over Adair by the remark that "this testimony only affected the character of Adair, and so far as it blackens him is not to be objected to."f * It is worthy of note that there is only one other instance in which an examiner for Fellowship has heen accused of giving his questions to a candidate before the examination, and that is a charge brought against Dr. Lambert Hughes by Dr. John Forster, who was the means of having Hughes expelled (see ante, p. 167). Foster states that Hughes gave his mathematical questions to Forster's competitor in 1734. Pamphlet, Coll. Library, Press A, 5, 1, No. 2. t Although Provost Hutchinson did not produce any formal evidence for the purpose of dissociating himself from this action of Adair, he took an opportunity at a Visitation of the College shortly afterwards to deny solemnly that he had ever authorized these offers ; and he condemned the conduct of Adair in the strongest terms. He had taken advantage of his position as tutor in the Provost's family to pretend to an influence which he did not possess, and a degree of confidence with which he never was trusted. Adair was dismissed by the Provost, and excluded from the precincts of the College by order of the Visitors. See the Remains of Rev. S. 0' Sullivan, vol. ii. p. 267. 246 College Feeling against Hutchinson. The result of the petition is remarkable. "When the reso- lution was proposed " that the Petitioner has proved that the sitting member has made use of undue influence at the last election to be returned a member for the University," seven of the members (including Lord Edward Fitzgerald and the future Duke of Wellington, the Hon. Arthur Wesley) voted in favour of the resolution, six members voted against it ; but the chair- man, William Burton, having had, by a provision of the Act of Parliament, the right to vote in the place of an absent member, gave that vote to the minority, and then gave his casting vote against the resolution. It is clear to anyone who studies the evidence given upon this occasion that a very bitter feeling of animosity against the Provost prevailed generally among the Fellows at this period ; I and this was more strongly marked among the Junior Fellows \ than among the Seniors. Hutchinson had been Provost for sixteen years, and nearly all the Junior Fellows had been elected during that time. There must have been some real grounds for the outcry against the Provost, which then so widely prevailed among a set of men of singular ability, and many of whom afterwards became eminent and respected members of the community. Mr. Elrington, then a Junior Fellow, and afterwards Provost and Bishop of Ferns, has left behind him a collection of papers, written in different and well-known hands, which all testify to this wide-spread discontent. The papers which have been left in manuscript by Provost Hutch- inson himself, while they endeavour to defend his conduct, do not materially alter the statement of facts which was put forward by the Fellows. On examining these drafts of the various charges against the Provost which were made at the time, we can ascertain that the principal complaints which the Fellows preferred against him were as follows : 1. " That he had excepted certain Junior Fellows out of the number of those under whose care he would suffer pupils to he entered, although they had not been guilty of any statutable offence." Payments to Outgoing Tutors. 247 2. " That he transferred, or endeavoured to transfer, the pupils of Fellows who had resigned, to certain Tutors against the declared will of the Students and their friends." To make this charge clear it is necessary to state that before 1793 there was no " year of grace " in Trinity College, such as that which prevailed in the Colleges of the English Universities. When a Fellow was presented to a benefice in the gift of the College his Fellowship became immediately vacant ; and inas- much as a very considerable period should necessarily elapse before he would receive any emolument from his benefice, many of the Fellows, whose means were limited, were deterred from taking College livings through the fear of incurring debt. In order to obviate this difficulty the Fellows signed an agree- ment by which they were bound to hand over to any Fellow who so left College, or to his representatives if he died, the tuition fees of all his pupils as long as their names remained on the College books, and to take charge of them and instruct them without any direct pecuniary advantage to themselves. The Students, or their friends, were allowed to select the Tutor to whom they should be transferred ; and the arrangement had an additional advantage in that it enabled the Tutor to con- tinue a remission of these fees to needy and deserving Students. Provost Hutchinson steadily opposed this arrangement, and endeavoured to defeat it by taking the selection of the new Tutor into his own hands ; and he stated that he would not allow Students to enter under Tutors elected in 1790 who signed this agreement. He sought in this way to reward those of the Fellows who had espoused his cause. 3. " He brought great scandal on the College, and materially injured the private interests of one of its members by making it necessary to resort to another kingdom for a person to fill the vacant Professorship of As- tronomy ; resisting any proposal made at the last vacancy for the instruc- tion of one of the Fellows in the practical part of astronomy, which might have been perfectly accomplished before the arrival of the present Professor [Mr. Brinkley], and refusing to accommodate his assent to the majority of the Board, and so obliging them either to elect a foreigner, or to leave that important place vacant." 248 Charges against Hutchinson. Allusion is made in this charge to a fact which is narrated in the College Eegister, December 11, 1790 : "The Provost proposed Mr. Brinkley to be elected Professor of As- tronomy. Drs. Kearney, Fitzgerald, Young, and Marsh, voted for Mr. Stack, a Fellow of the College, whom they thought well qualified to be elected into the vacant Professorship ; but the Provost having negatived him, they acceded to the election of Mr. Brinkley, in order to prevent any delay in carrying into execution a measure so conducive to the advancement of science." 4. '^He left the plane of ^ fjfepior Fellow, absent^ f rom illness, vacant, without calling up a Junior Fellow to supply his place, from July, 1790, to^ April, 1791, and allowed the duties of the Senior Lecturer to be neglected for several months ; and, that he might have some colour for this unstatu- table conduct, he forced the Senior Fellow in question (Dr. Waller) to Jv- appear once or twice at the Board, to the imminent danger of his health, . / " and against the earnest entreaties of himself and his friends." It must be stated that the Provost had then, as he has now, L it power to give as he pleased the vote of the absent member of ' the Board at a division upon any question. 5. " He kept the Professorship of Hebrew vacant from November, 1787, until June, 1790, because he would not consent to the election of Dr. Fitz- gerald, a highly competent man, and a Senior Fellow, wishing that Dr. Day, a Junior Fellow, and assistant to the late Professor, and a special favourite of the Provost, should succeed to it." The Provost's account of this transaction is to this effect. Dr. Fitzgerald had never been Assistant to the Professor of Hebrew, and it had been the invariable custom to promote the Senior Assistant to the Professor's place when vacant. He states that at a large meeting of the Erasmus Smith Board this principle was approved of with only two dissentient voices. Another charge against the Provost was to the following effect. The number of Undergraduates had largely increased, and all the classes were by the Statutes required to be examined on the same two days, and on these alone, in each Term. The Senior Fellows were anxious to secure the efficiency of these examinations by making a decree of the Board to extend the Charges against Hutchinson. 249 number of days from two to four, and many of the Doctors among the Fellows, who were exempted by the Statutes from the obligation to examine, declared themselves willing to un- dertake this duty without receiving any emolument. The Provost strenuously opposed this, as he was anxiousto establish in the College a number of Masters of Arts who should each receive a salary of 20 and discharge this duty. The Fellows replied that resident Masters of Arts were unreliable as exa- miners at the Term Examinations as they were generally too lenient ; and that the number of Students present at the same time in the Hall, sometimes exceeding five hundred, was more than could be properly examined on one occasion. They pro- posed that the Sophister Classes should be examined together on two days, and the Freshmen on other two days. The sixth charge was that the Provost neglected to cite' absent and negligent Scholars, contrary to the opinion of the Senior Fellows, whereby the discipline of the College had been injured, and the lawful authority of the Senior Fellows in- fringed. The Provost's assigned reason for this was that he encouraged Scholars who were Law Students to reside in London at the Temple, in order to prepare themselves for the duties of their profession when they should be called to the Bar. The reply of the Fellows was that this privilege was granted to such of the Scholars as might oblige the Provost by their votes at a Parliamentary election. These were the principal charges, and in the manuscript drafts which remain full proofs of each charge are added. The office of Vice- Chancellor was vacant in the early part of 1791, consequently the members of the College were obliged to have recourse to the Duke of Gloucester, the Chancellor of the University. On the 13th of April, 1791, a petition was drawn up and signed by the Vice-Provost and five of the Senior Fellows,* requesting the Duke to decide the question of the Provost's negative as a Diibium in the manner provided by the * R. Murray, John Kearney, G. Fitzgerald, Matthew Young, Digby Marsh, and George Hall. 250 Mr. Miller and Lord Clare. Statutes. When this was shown to the Archbishop of Dublin, the other Visitor, he dissuaded them from sending it forward. On the 12th July, 1791, a letter was received by them from the Provost, stating that a Vice- Chancellor had been appointed, and that he would now agree to a Visitation of the College in order that it might not appear that the Provost was reluctant that it should be held. Lord Clare, the new Lord Chancellor of Ireland, was nominated Vice- Chancellor, and to him the appeal was made on the part both of the Provost and the Senior Fellows. Meanwhile the Junior Fellows had their own grievances, and they deputed Mr. Miller, who was then very Junior among the Fellows, to wait on Lord Clare, and to make a demand for a Visitation. Dr. Samuel O'Sullivan, in his sketch of Miller's life,* gives a graphic account of his interview with the Lord Chancellor, who was a haughty and choleric man, of whom the Fellows stood in awe. He was known to be reluctant to hold a Visitation. Miller waited upon him in his academical costume, and was received with marked courtesy ; and when he stated the object for which he called upon Lord Clare, the Vice- Chancellor at great length gave many reasons which should dissuade the Fellows from proceeding in the course which they had adopted. Miller heard him patiently to the end, and he then calmly told the Vice-Chancellor that his commission extended no further than to ask him to fix a day for the Visitation. Dr. O'Sullivan, who must in after years have heard Miller's account of the interview, tells us that the effect of this calm statement of the representative of the Junior Fellows was to enrage the Lord Chancellor : " he started from his seat, and thumping the table with his fist, said ' Well, then, let it be next Wednesday.' ' The Visitationf was held in the Theatre of the College with great solemnity on August, 4th, 1791, and the following days. * S. Cf Sullivan's Remains, vol. ii. t A very full account of this Visitation, with the tenor of the arguments on both sides, and the judgment of Lord Clare, may be found in Walker' 's Hibernian Magazine for August, 1791, p. 102. The Visitation 0/1791. 251 Allen first made his complaint of Hutchinson's conduct in nominating Ussher at the Fellowship election of 1790. Lord Clare stated that the question was not now open for discussion, and that Allen should have made his complaint to the Visitors immediately after the nomination took place ; but that as he had deferred it for more than a year, and had gone in for a Fellowship in 1791, the Yisitors held that hy this proceeding Ussher was deprived of being elected to one of the Fellowships vacant in the latter year, if his nomination by the Provost had been pronounced invalid. The Vice- Chancellor then heard the Provost's argument in his own behalf. He urged that the agreement which the Tutors had signed in February, 1789, with respect to the pupils of an out- going Tutor, was a consilium contra Prcepositum, which was opposed to the oath which every Fellow took on admission. As to the Provost's power of negativing the decision of a majority of the Senior Fellows, he challenged any person to produce a single instance in which it had not been used by him for the benefit of the College. Dr. Browne, in his argument against the Provost, was pre- pared to show that in many instances it had been abused, to the great injury of the College ; but on Lord Clare declining to hear statements of this kind, Dr. Browne, in a speech of great ability, reasoned on the abstract question of the legality of the Provost's claim to a negative power. The Provost, in a speech which lasted for three hours and a-half, and which was considered to be a wonderful effort for a man of his years, replied, examining the various cases in which he had exercised this power, and argued from the words of the Statutes in favour of it. Mr. Miller, on the part of the Junior Fellows, defended the agreement into which they had entered concerning the transfer to a retiring Tutor of the emoluments arising from his pupils while they remained in the College. He argued that this was not a new arrangement, as it was in existence in 1757 ; and he showed that after that time the emoluments of the pupils of 252 Arguments of the Junior Fellows. Dr. Torrens, on his resigning his Fellowship, were transferred to his sisters. Mr. Burrowes contended against the power which the Pro- vost claimed of assigning pupils to other Tutors without the Student's consent. He urged that in the case of Tutors retiring from the College, the question of the disposal of their pupils was a cams omissus in the College Statutes, and therefore should be settled by a decree of the Board and Visitors. This had been asked for by a requisition to the Board, signed by eight Junior Fellows.* Mr. Magee quoted cases which showed that the Provost's claim in this respect was asserted prior to the agreement of 1789. When Dr. Eichardson resigned his Fellowship in 1783, at which time no such agreement was in existence, the Provost assigned all his pupils to Mr. Day, Mr. Barrett, and Mr. Buck, without consulting the wishes of the pupils or their parents. And he stated that Mr. William Hamilton had declined to accept the living of Deserter eight and Clonoe, in 1787, because the Provost would not allow his pupils to select their own Tutors ; and yet when Mr. Buck accepted this living, a week afterwards, Hutchinson extended this liberty to his pupils. The Vice-Chancellor said that as to the question whether the Provost should affix the College Seal to the statement of a Dubium for the decision of the Visitors, he thought it should not be done unless in the case in which no individual member of the Board could come to any decision on the point. If any- one should find himself aggrieved by a decision of the Board, it is in his power to call a Visitation. As to the general questions which were submitted to the Visitors, he divided them into three (1) The claim of the Provost to the power of assigning pupils to different Tutors ; (2) as to the question of the Provost's power of negativing proceedings of the majority of the Senior Fellows ; and (3) as to his right to nominate in the case of elec- tion to Fellowships. He took the third question first. The * Richard Stack, Thomas Ellington, Robert Burroughs, John Stack, Richard Graves, Whitley Stokes, William Magee, George Miller. The Provost's Negative Disallowed. 253 Visitors declined to give any opinion. There was no case legitimately before them, inasmuch as Allen's case was ruled to be out of Court from lapse of time. Any opinion which they might give would be extra judicial, as the question had not been argued. As to the first question, they held that the Provost had full power of assigning pupils both at admission and afterwards, and that this power was not confined to the case of negligent or incapable Tutors, specified in the Statutes. They also decided that no Tutor had the power of refusing to receive a pupil so transferred to him by the Provost. As to the second question, Has the Provost a negative on the members of the Board, or does the majority control him? the Vice- Chancellor, in an elaborate judgment, held that the Statutes of Charles were not meant to contravene the Charter of Elizabeth ; that in three changes which had been made in the interval be- tween the two Charters the increase in the number of Fellows and Scholars, the distinction between Senior and Junior Fellows, and the vesting of the regimen Collegii in the former along with the Provost they were all ratified in the Charter of Charles with the consent of the Corporation ; and he was of opinion that since by the Charter of Charles the regimen Collegii was vested in the Provost and Senior Fellows, if any subsequent by-law or usage took that regimen from the Provost and Senior Fellows jointly, and vested it in the former solely, that by-law or usage must be rejected, for nothing can prevail against the Charter. He interpreted, therefore, the words major pars Soc- conim Semorum una cum Prceposito, and quorum unum prce- positum esse volumus, to mean, not that the Provost must be an assenting party, but that he is one of a body which de- cides the matter by a majority of the whole. As to the written agreement between the Junior Fellows as to the tuition fees of outgoing Tutors, the Vice-Chancellor said that while he would not say that it contravened the letter or spirit of any Statute, he was strongly of opinion that a written agreement was by the constitution of the College in- expedient, and it ought to be immediately rescinded. 254 Controversy with the College Tutors. There was another matter of controversy between the Provost and the Tutors which was not brought before the Visitors at this Visitation. In January, 1786, the Provost sent an order to the Tutors that they should make a fortnightly return to him of the names of such of their pupils as were diligent, and of such of them as were negligent, in attending " Evening Lectures," that is the private tutorial lectures, as distinguished from the public lectures which were given in the forenoon, and that the attendances of each pupil should be marked in the return. The Tutors resented this demand of the Provost, as it was unprecedented ; it was not founded on the Statutes ; it would tend to violate the confidential arrange- ments between Tutor and pupil ; and they urged that the order was issued without the concurrence or privity of the Board, in whom the regimen Collegii was vested by the Statutes. The Tutors took the opinion of Mr. Michael Smith on the subject, who held that the Provost had no statutable power to call for this return, although he admitted it to be a matter of difficulty to decide the point. This opinion is dated February 9, 1786. On the 25th of February, after the Provost had received a memorial from the Tutors, he proceeded to the Board-room to hold Confirmations. He there called upon the Tutors for their returns. Dr. Hales, who had the largest number of pupils, handed in his return without any objection. Dr. Barrett did the same for himself and for another of the Tutors who was absent. The others made incomplete returns, with a verbal protest from each referring to the memorial. The Vice- Chancellor being then in London, the Provost communicated to him the memorial of the Tutors, his own observations upon it, and the opinions of the Attorney and of the Solicitor- Greneral, to the effect that this dispute between the Provost and the Tutors did not come within the clause in the 27th chapter of the Statutes, which referred questions of doubtful construction to the decision^ of the Visitors. Primate Eobinson, in reply, wrote to the Provost in these words : Hutchinson's Testimony to the Tutors. 255 ' ' When I consider the whole circumstances of the case, you must per- mit me to express my earnest wishes that you would adopt some prudential mode to prevent this dispute from being carried to its utmost extent." On receiving this letter from the Vice-Chancellor, the Provost, on the 25th of March, withdrew the order of the previous January, and in his manuscript memoir he makes the following remarks, which are interesting as leaving on record his testimony to the merits of the men with whom he could not bring himself to work : " Many of the gentlemen who had opposed this order were as able and as diligent Tutors as this, or probably any other, College had ever produced. They considered this order as impairing that high reputation which several of them had justly acquired ; and though they ought to have supposed that they were not the objects of it, and should have known that without being general it would have been prejudicial to the individual Tutors from whom such a requisition was made, yet a great majority of those gentlemen were seized with the spirit of the corps, which heated in the course of the con- troversy, and at length subsided by the acceptance of a nominal compliance, which the Provost thought prudent, to prevent new contests between his Grace the Lord Primate and him, and to restore tranquillity and good humour to the Society." The question of the power of the Provost singly to assign to, or remove pupils from, the College Tutors, remained in abeyance until 1855, when, by the Royal Letter of 18 Victoria, it was transferred to the Provost and Senior Fellows. After this incident in 1786, it would naturally be supposed that Hutchinson would nave endeavoured to live on amicable terms with the able and excellent men who were doing such good work in maintaining and extending the reputation of the College during his Provostship. Unfortunately, as we have seen, the next four years were embittered by fresh disputes which arose between the Provost and both the Senior and the Junior Fellows concerning the matters which were referred to the Visitors in August, 1791. The spirit in which the decision of the Visitors was received by the Senior Fellows is evidenced by the following entry in 256 Evening Lectures. the College Register of August 29, 1791, which was commu- nicated to Lord Clare and to the Archbishop of Dublin : " That the thanks of the Board be sent to the Visitors, conveying their warmest acknowledgments to them for the great kindness and indulgence with which they investigated, and the distinguished justice and liberality with which they determined, the differences of opinion which unhappily existed in this learned Seminary, and which they considered as proper for their decision, and their salutary exhortations for the establishment of peace and tranquillity." The College Register shows that these decisions of the Visitors produced the desired effect ; the proceedings of the Provost and Senior Fellows were afterwards harmonious and energetic. There is one interesting aspect of the habits of the members of the College at the close of the last century, which may be gathered from these disputes. The hour of dinner was at that time 2.40 P.M.,* and a good deal of the instruction of the Students was carried on after evening chapel, the service at which commenced at 4 P.M. We have evidence that these evening lectures of the College Tutors were continued in the early part of the present century, for Dr. Kyle, afterwards Provost and Bishop of Cork, wrote in a short MS. account of his own life, in reference to his labours as Junior Fellow : " Often I have been obliged to remain at work in College until seven o'clock in the evening, for then we had evening lectures, which obliged me to dine at Commons." When we consider the later hours at which families living in the city dined, we cannot be surprised that the Tutors found it difficult to se- cure the attendance of their pupils who did not reside in the College. On the 1st of November, 1791, twenty-five Scholars were cited before the Board for neglect of duties during the previous Easter and Trinity Terms, and eight of them were suspended from their pecuniary emoluments until it should * It was changed to 3 P.M. in 1791. Undergraduate Course of 1793. 257 appear that they had attended diligently the lectures of one Term. Application was made to the Government for a Eoyal Letter extending the days of the Term Examinations from two to four ; and reasons were assigned why it was necessary, both for the maintenance of order and discipline in the Hall, and for the proper and careful examination of the Students, that the numbers present in the Hall at the same time should be greatly diminished, and the divisions assigned to each examiner should be reduced to a manageable number of students. The Board also asked to have a new Statute enacted enabling a Fellow to retain his position in the College for a year after his acceptance of an ecclesiastical benefice. These requests were complied with by the Crown, and the Letters Patent of Greorge III. (32 & 36) were issued. The next matter to which the Board directed its attention was the improvement of the subjects of the Undergraduate Examinations, and the following new Course was adopted in 1793 : JUNIOR FRESHMEN, SENIOR FRESHMEN, JUNIOR SOPHISTERS, Hilary. Murray's Logic, Parts i. and ii. ; Yirgil's ^Eneid, Books vii.-xii. ; Homer's Iliad, Books xiii.-xviii. Easter. Murray's Logic, Fart iii. ; Horace, Odes and Epodes ; Iliad, Books xix.-xxiv. Trinity. Euclid, Books i. and ii. ; Virgil, Georgics; Greek Minor Poets. Michaelmas. Euclid, Book iii. ; four Books of Livy ; selections from Herodotus. Hilary. Euclid, Books v. and vi. ; Livy, Book vi. ; Plutarch, Solon and Lycurgus. Easter. Locke, Books i. and ii. ; Livy, Book x. j Xenophon, Cyropsedia. Trinity. Locke, Book iii. ; Caesar, Civil War ; Plato, Crito and Apologia, with Alcibiades. Michaelmas. Locke, Book iv. ; Horace, Satires and Epistles ; Xenophon, Memorabilia. Hilary. Astronomy ; Juvenal and Persius ; Stock's Lucian. s 258 Premiums for Latin Composition. JUNIOR SOPHISTERS, . . . Easter. Gravity and Mechanics ; Cicero's Ora- tions ; Demosthenes, Philippics, vol. i. Trinity. Hydrostatics and Pneumatics ; Cicero's Orations ; Demosthenes, Philippics, vol. ii. Michaelmas. Optics ; selections from duintilian ; -^schines Contra Ctesiphontem, and Demos- thenes De Corona. SENIOR SOPHISTEKS, . . . Hilary. Burlamaqui's Natural Law ; Tacitus, History, and De Moribus Germanorum ; se- lections from Thucydides. Easter. Conybeare, Defence of Revealed Reli- gion ; Terence ; Sophocles. Trinity. Locke on Government ; Plautus ; Eu- ripides. Michaelmas. Cicero's Offices; Tacitus, Annals; Longinus. At the same time a new scheme was adopted for promoting the study of Classics and of Latin Composition among the Under- graduates. Premiums were awarded in the Junior and Senior Sophister Classes to such of the Students as should obtain the judgment of Valde bene for Greek, Latin, Latin Prose Compo- sition (Theme), and Yerses. The Latin Prose and Verses were to be composed by the Student in his rooms ; and he was required to " pledge his word and honour to the Examiner that the Theme and Verses were his own composition, without assistance from any person whatever." The Examiners were directed " to attend carefully to Prosody, Chronology, History, and Greography, as well as to accurate, elegant, and critical translation." The candidate was required to hand in, in addition to his Theme, two Distichs of Latin Verse on the same subject. These should be approved by the Provost and Senior Fellows before the premium was awarded. The Theme and Verses were not to be required until the morning of the second day after the conclusion of the Examination. A candidate was disqualified for a classical premium if he obtained in science a judgment under Satis bene. But at the same time a strange rule was adopted which prevented a Student from receiving The Divinity and Hebrew Certificate. 259 at the same Examination separate premiums in Classics and Science, and it was also decreed that no premiums or certificates should be given at the B. A. Degree Examination. In lieu of these, gold medals were instituted on the 30th November, 1793, to be awarded to such Students as had passed all the Examina- tions up to the Degree, and had never been awarded judgments inferior to Valde bene, with the exception of one Bene, in all subjects, at each Examination. The subjects of the Entrance Examination were fixed at the same time as follows: Iliad, Books i.-viii. ; Murphy's Lucian ; Xenophon, Cyropsedia, i., ii., iii. ; Greek Testament, Gospels and Acts ; Epictetus and Tabula Cebetis ; Yirgil, Eclogues and -ZEneid, Books i.-vi. ; Terence, first three Plays ; Horace ; Juvenal, Satires iii., x., xiii., xiv. ; Sallust. With the exception of Epictetus and Tabula Cebetis, the subjects so fixed remained unaltered for half a century. On the 22nd of February, 1794, premiums for good answering in Hebrew were first instituted. 4 (in books on Hebrew or Divinity) was awarded to the best and most diligent answerer with the Professor ; 2 in books of the same kind to the best answerer to the assistants. An attendance upon two-thirds of the Lectures in Michaelmas, Hilary, and Easter Terms was also required ; and at the same time a rule was made that Bachelors who attended four Terms in Hebrew with the Professor should have this stated in their Divinity Testi- monium. Reference is here made to a resolution of the Irish Bishops, which was communicated to the Board on April 9, 1790, binding themselves not to ordain in future any person who did not produce a certificate of attendance upon the lectures given by the Professor of Divinity, the Divinity Lec- turer, and the Assistant Lecturer in Divinity. The Bishops forwarded to the Board at the same time, for the information of the Divinity Students, a list of the books, a knowledge of which they would require from Candidates for Holy Orders,* * In an interesting pamphlet which has been attributed to Dr. Forsayeth, then Archdeacon of Cork, and published in that city about this time, it is stated that in S 2 260 Professors of Modern Languages. and the Lecturers in Divinity were directed to instruct their classes in these subjects. Provost Hutchinson must be credited with the establish- A ment of Professorships of Modern Languages in the University.[ , Many of the Irish nobility and landed gentry were sending their sons to Trinity College as a preliminary to the completion of their education by foreign travel and visits to the principal European centres of Art and political life. Modern languages do not appear to have been then taught at Irish schools, and Hutchinson thought that during their stay at Dublin the Stu^l dents should have an opportunity of studying the language and literature of the countries which they were to visit. He succeeded in securing from the Irish Government an annual" grant of 100 to the Professor of French and German, and a similar sum to the Professor of Italian and Spanish, who were to receive private pupils, and to be paid by them for instruction in these languages. But as this study was voluntary, and formed no part of the Regular course of instruction, or of College reward, the number of Students who benefited by the establish- ment of these Professorships was very limited, and for at least half a century after they were founded the Professorships produced but little fruit. In financial matters Hutchinson, it must be added, benefited ; the College in regard to its resources. On becoming Provost \ Trinity College 78 Students, on an average of ten years, took Bachelors' degrees each year, out of an annual average of 144 entrances during that time ; and the author states that experience showed that two-thirds of these were intended for the Church, although not so many were actually ordained. In fact the annual va- cancies in the Irish Church were not adequate to the crowd of candidates ; the numher of clergy in Ireland at that time not exceeding 900, exclusive of such as had no provision, and who could not ohtain even curacies. The writer quotes from a sermon of Archbishop Seeker, preached in 1757, in which it is stated that the number of clergy in Ireland at that time was 800. The author of the pamphlet calculated the number of vacancies in the Irish Church to have been about 27 each year, not one-half of the number of graduates desirous to be ordained. He states that the English and Scottish Bishops in Ireland readily ordained candidates on Scottish Degrees ; and that Students who could not pass the Examinations in Dublin went to the Scottish Universities, where they had only to listen to pre- lections. Coll. Library, Gall. c. 11. 27, 17. Re-valuation of the College Estates. 261 he found that the College estates were let much beneath their value. The custom then was that the immediate tenants of the College received leases for twenty-one years, which they renewed from time to time on the payment of an annual fine, increased at six per cent, interest. These were divided among the Provost and Senior Fellows ; and along with other fees derived from a portion of the payment for degrees, and of the half-yearly payments made by Students to the College, they formed the principal source of their income. At that period these receipts were divided into nine parts, of which the Provost received two, and each Senior Fellow one share. Hutchinson proposed a new survey and a re-valuation of th'ejf College estates, with the object of raising the rents payable by / the tenants. The Senior Fellows objected that if the rents were] increased the College tenants would not renew their leases, and thus the principal source of income of the Senior Fellows would cease. The Provost engaged to guarantee, personally, to each Senior Fellow the annual amount of these fines, taken upon an average of the last seven years. On the 15th July, 1775, the Board acceded to this proposal, and Mr. Eichard Frizelle, an eminent surveyor, was appointed to survey and value the whole College property. In giving to him his instructions the Provost and Senior Fellows directed him to make a very liberal valuation in favour of the tenants; and they expressly told him that he was not to consider himself as making the valuation of the estate of a private gentleman. These directions he carried out in every instance, and the maps and valuations which he prepared are very elaborate, and interesting as showing the agricultural conditions of the country at the time. Having received Mr. Frizelle's report, the Board then agreed to deduct from the valuation twenty per cent, in general, and in the case of the larger holdings twenty-five per cent, and upwards. And in future renewals these principles were adhered to, the deduction being made not from the increase of rent, but from the whole valuation. The result of this arrangement of Provost Hutchinson 262 University Statistics. was that the tenants renewed, as he had foreseen, and by the year 1792 the addition to the College revenues from the estates in consequence of the new valuation was 5348 per annum. This increase of the College rental was resented by the tenants, who attributed it entirely to the action of the Provost. It is one of the charges which Dr. Duigenan made against him.; in his Lachrymce Academic. It must be mentioned, to Hutch- inson's credit, that in dealing with the Provost's estates, he considered the interests of his successors, and let these lands at a full rent, and never took fines from the tenants, although he was legally entitled to do so. Hutchinson has left an interesting statement of the progress of the College during the eighteenth century, collected from returns which he had obtained from the Clerk of the Buttery in 1793. In the Provostship of Peter Browne the largest number of Students was 472, in the year 1704 ; but it after- wards decreased to 361. In the time of Provost Pratt the greatest number was in 1715, when it amounted to 413. In Provost Baldwin's time it increased to a maximum of 525 in the year 1731 ; and at the time of his death it had fallen to 313. In the Provostship of Dr. Andrews the greatest number of Students was in 1774, the year of his death, when it amounted to 583 ; and in Provost Hutchinson's time there was a considerable gradual increase up to the year 1792, when the number of Students amounted to 933. The greatest number of Degrees conferred in any year in the seventeenth century was 70 in 1699. The number, how- ever, seldom exceeded, and often fell short of, 50. This was the number in 1757, the last year of Dr. Baldwin's Provost- ship. In 1774, the last year of Dr. Andrews' Provostship, it rose to 89. In 1791 there were 148 Degrees conferred, and 137 in 1792. These numbers must represent Degrees of all kinds. Hutchinson adds that there was a marked improvement in the answering of the candidates for Fellowships and Scholarships during the twenty years of his Provostship. In the election Honorary Degree conferred upon Burke. 263 of Scholars candidates formerly succeeded with only three " best marks ;" towards the end of the century they frequently failed with four, and sometimes with five " best marks." He states that " in the election of Fellows it is an acknowledged fact that a candidate who would have succeeded in 1772 would have no chance of being elected on the same answering in 1792." After the Visitation of 1791, the Provost's health failed. He was frequently absent from the Boardj indeed the manage^* ment of the affairs of the College appears to have been largely placed in the hands of Dr. Murray, the Vice-Provost, and the Senior Fellows. Hutchinson's last attendant ai. t% T\n oW1 of August, 1793. His sufferings, from repeated attacks of gout, seem to have been aggravated, and he died at Buxton^on September 4th, 1794. One of the most pleasing incidents in the Provostship of Hutchinson was the roosal* which he made to the Board on December ll, 1790, to finnf^ tha TT^nmrv TWr^ of TJ; T). on Edmund Burke. The entry in the College Eegister states that this honour was proposed to him " as the powerful ad- vocate of the Constitution, as the friend of public order and virtue, and consequently of the happiness of mankind ; and in testimony of the high respect entertained by the University which had the honour of his education, for the various en- dowments of his mind, and for his transcendent talents and philanthropy." When this resolution was conveyed to Mr. Burke by the Provost, he returned the following answer, which was for- tunately copied into the Eegister and so preserved : "Mr DEAR SIR I find it difficult, indeed, to make a proper acknow- ledgment to you for the very flattering mark I received of your continued friendship and partiality to me in your letter of the thirteenth of this month. This proof of your private friendship is as valuable to me as the public dis- tinction which I owe to your motion, and which comes through your hands, though you will believe that I feel the approbation of the University as one of the greatest honours which could be conferred upon me. The Uni- versity is, indeed, highly generous in accepting with so much indulgence 264 Edmund Burke* s Letter to the Provost. the produce of its own gifts. I am infinitely happy that that learned body has been pleased to recognize in the piece it condescends to favour, the un- altered subsistence of those principles of Liberty and Morality, along with some faint remains of that taste of Composition which are infused, and have always been infused, into the minds of those who have the happiness of being instructed by it. " I received this most honourable testimony of your approbation just as I was going to the House of Commons yesterday to commence my tenth year's warfare against the most dangerous enemy to the justice, honour, laws, morals, and Constitution of this country by which they have ever been attacked. I mean the corruption which has come upon us from the east, and in which I act with everything respectable in every party in the House. Though I have been for some days ill in health, and not very full of spirits, your letter enabled me to go through a long and fatiguing day, if not with strength, at least with resolution. I thought that the Univer- sity which had bred me called upon me not to disgrace in my last stage the lessons she had taught me in the early part of my life ; and I hope, old as I am, I shall prove as docile to her lessons as when I was subject to her discipline. " Excuse my not saying all that my heart would dictate on this occasion to you and the gentlemen of the University, but the consequences of a late day disable, and I hope will excuse me ; but believe me when I assure you that I am ever, with the most perfect respect and affection, my dear Sir, " Your most obliged and faithful humble Servant, EDMD. BTJEKE. [< DUKE-STREET, ST. JAMES'S, "December 18, 1790." CHAPTER XIII. THE MEDICAL SCHOOL DURING THE LAST DECADE OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY. AFTER the interruption of the friendly relations with the College of Physicians in 1761, on account of Sir Fielding Quid's Degree, we do not find from the records of Trinity College any trace of fresh arrangements between them until June, 1789, when the following entry appears in the Register of the College of Physicians, which shows that, while anxious to be on good terms with the University, the College of Phy- sicians still adhered to the principles which guided them in the former year : " The President having informed the College that Mr. Richard Butler, A.B., entitled by his standing to a Degree in Medicine in Trinity College, had applied to him for an examination for a licence to practice Physic in this kingdom, it was ordered that the following resolution, made in conse- quence of the above requisition, be communicated to Mr. Butler : Resolved : That the College of Physicians cannot, agreeable to their rules, examine Mr. Butler, as he has not produced an authentic proof of having obtained a Medical Degree in any University ; but as he is a Student in the College of Dublin, and has there obtained a Degree in Arts, the College of Physicians will be ready to admit him to a licence previous to his taking a Degree in Medicine, when he shall bring them a Liceat ad examinandum from Trinity College ; and so soon as the Medical Degree shall be granted, he will, of course, obtain a licence." This was communicated to the Provost and Senior Fellows by the Registrar of the College of Physicians, Dr. Boy ton, and the Liceat was granted to Mr. Butler. The next communication from the College of Physicians to the Board of Trinity College was in November, 1789. The 266 Clinical Lectures. School of Physic Act (25 Greorge III.) had ordered that Clinical Lectures should be given in a Dublin hospital in turn by the three King's Professors, and by the three University Professors. But as Sir Patrick Dun's Hospital had not yet been erected, there was no place where these Clinical Lectures could be properly delivered. The King's Professors were at that time Dr. Cullen, Dr. Brereton, and Dr. Dickson ; and the College of Physicians took a small house in Clarendon-street for the purpose of Clinical Lectures, with the approbation of these Professors, but without the concurrence of the University Professors. When the former Professors had delivered their Clinical Lectures, and the University Professors had declined to do the same in their turn, the King's Professors forwarded a memorial to the College of Physicians urging that it was reasonable that they should not be directed to give these lectures again until the University Professors had previously lectured. A copy of this memorial having been forwarded to the Board of Trinity College, the University Professors were required to be present at a meeting of the Board, and accord- ingly Dr. Hill, the Professor of Botany, and Dr. Percival, the Professor of Chemistry, attended in the Board-room. Dr. George Cleghorn, the Professor of Anatomy and Surgery, being at that time very ill, in fact in a dying condition, could not accompany them. Dr. Hill stated the circumstances of the case. Dr. Percival informed the Board that there were no patients in the House in Clarendon-street ; and they both stated to the Provost and Senior Fellows that they considered it to be an improper place for giving Clinical Lectures. Dr. Percival, however, said that he would enter into an engagement to give these lectures in that house, however inconvenient and unfit for the purpose, provided that the Board would agree to a certain scale of fees proposed by him, and " that they would give their countenance and protection to the founding an hos- pital of perpetual establishment fit and convenient for the purpose of Clinical Lectures." The Board laid a case before Serjeant Duquery as to the Emoluments of Anatomical Chair. 267 legal aspect of the matter, and in conformity with his opinion they acquainted the College of Physicians that Clinical Lec- tures delivered in a room in the College, or even in the house in Clarendon -street, did not come within the words or the meaning of the Act of Parliament, and consequently they could not direct the University Professors to lecture in it. However, they promised to recommend them to give Clinical Lectures in that house if they (the Professors) shall think it practical to do so. The fees for Clinical Lectures were fixed at three guineas per session for the Professor, and three guineas to the hospital in which the lectures were delivered, such as was stated to be the custom in Edinburgh. Dr. George Cleghorn died shortly after this ; and in Ja- nuary, 1790, an advertisement appeared in the Dublin Gazette stating that the Professorship of Anatomy and Chirurgery was vacant, and that the emoluments arose partly from a charge of 1 10s. upon each of the decremented Students in the Senior Sophister Class, which charge had for some years exceeded one hundred guineas a-year, and partly from the profits arising from the pupils attending the private classes of the Professor, for which each Student at that time paid three guineas ; and these were numerous according to the representation of the late Professor. On the 16th of April, 1790, Dr. James Cleghorn was ap- pointed Professor of Anatomy. Before he was elected he informed the Board that he had studied in the Dublin School of Physic, and had attended Clinical Lectures in Dublin ; that he had also studied Surgery under Dr. Hunter of London, and had visited the several hospitals of Paris and Montpelier. In 1792 the Board proceeded to arrange the rules for gra- duation in Medicine ; and in the first place they considered the fees properly chargeable to the candidates. Up to this a Doctor of Medicine paid 29 4s. for his Degree. It was ascertained that in the University of Edinburgh the charge for the Degree was only 13 8s., in addition to the expense of printing an inaugural dissertation. The Provost and Senior 268 Rules for Medical Graduation. Fellows at once reduced the Dublin fees to the College by one- half, The candidate was, however, obliged to pay six guineas and a-half to the six Professors of the School of Physic for their trouble in examining him ; and each commencing M.D. was required to send printed copies of his dissertation to the Vice- Chancellor, the members of the Board, the President and Censors of the College of Physicians, and to the six Professors of the School of Physic. The rules finally adopted in 1792 required that the candidates should have studied Medicine for three years in some University in which Medicine was publicly taught ; that they should have attended in Dublin the Clinical Hospital, and one complete course of Clinical Lectures, and also one complete course of Lectures by each of the six Pro- fessors of the School of Physic, namely, the three University Professors of Anatomy, Chemistry, and Botany, and the three King's Professors of Practice of Medicine, Materia Medica, and Institutes of Medicine, elected by the College of Physicians. When a Student had completed his medical education, he ap- plied to the Eegistrar of the Faculty for a certificate that he had complied with all the requirements for examination for a Degree. This certificate was forwarded to the Provost and Senior Fellows, who then issued their Liceat ad examinandum. The Eegistrar of the Medical Faculty then fixed a day for the examination, giving one week's notice to the Professors of the Faculty. After this examination was passed the candidate produced to the Eegistrar of the University a certificate that he was qualified by examination to perform the University ex- ercises for the Degree ; and the Professor of Medicine, on receiving leave from the Board for the candidate to perform exercises for the Degrees of M.B. and M.D., fixed a day for the public performances of these in the Hall. The candidate M.B. was required to dispute upon questions proposed by the Professor, according to the usages of the University, and to read two prelections one on an acute case, and the other on a chronic case which were also proposed by the Professor. The candidate for the Degree of M.D. was required to dispute College Botanic Garden. 269 upon two questions, and to read four preelections one of which was to form his Thesis (or Inaugural Dissertation) to be ap- proved by the Professor, who then authorized it to be printed. These regulations were finally adopted by the Board on the 15th of June, 1793. The fees were fixed at 21 Ss. ; and, if the candidate had completed twelve years from Matriculation, he obtained the Degree of Doctor of Medicine, having first taken that of Bachelor of Medicine. At the Summer Commencements of 1793 the two King's Professors, Doctors Edmund Cullen and Stephen Dickson, who had both previously graduated in Arts, had the leave of the Board to perform the exercises for the Degree of M.B. and M.D., and were admitted to these Degrees ; and thus the mis- understanding between Trinity College and the College of Physicians happily terminated. Mr. Eobert Percival, the Pro- fessor of Chemistry, who had graduated B.A. in 1777, had a similar leave from the Board, and was admitted to the Degrees of M.B. and M.D. at the same time. At this time there was a pressing want of a Botanic Garden in Dublin. The matter was considered by a Committee of the Irish House of Commons, and they reported strongly in favour of the establishment of one common to the University, the College of Physicians, and the Eoyal Dublin Society ; and Provost Hutchinson zealously endeavoured to have this plan carried out by Parliament. On the 6th of June, 1791, at a Board meeting a letter was read from the Dublin Society asking the College to agree to the project of a joint Botanic Garden, and the reply of the Provost and Senior Fellows ex- pressed a doubt whether the scheme could be entertained. On December 10, 1792, the College of Physicians agreed to ap- propriate 100 annually out of Sir Patrick Dun's estate to the support of a Botanic Garden, upon Trinity College engaging to allocate a fund producing from 100 to 120 per annum. This agreement was confirmed on April 15, 1793. This fund was the excess over 40 of the portion of the Entrance Fees of the Students which was originally assigned " for the 270 College Botanic Garden. Mathematician." This sum, at 13s. for each Pensioner, and 26s. for each Fellow Commoner who was admitted, amounted, in 1791, to 163 3s. It would appear that the College of Physicians was unable to allocate any portion of the revenues of Sir Patrick Dun's estate to this purpose, and thus the scheme was not carried out. In the meanwhile Dr. Hill, the Professor of Botany, had rented some ground at Harold's Cross for the purpose of a Botanic Garden, and he was assisted to some extent by the College. It was not until April, 1801, that a Curator was appointed ; and his salary was fixed in March, 1805, at 130 yearly, out of which he was to employ two labourers all the year round, and two in addition from March to December. It is clear that ' the plants and houses in the Harold's Cross Garden were, to a very large extent, if not altogether, the private property of Dr. Hill, for we find in the College accounts of 1803, the following entry : " Dr. Hill, allowed him by the award of the arbi- trators, to whom the cause between the College and him con- cerning the Botany Garden was referred, 618 19s. 8d." From a statement of Provost Hutchinson which remains, we gather that he was the means of securing for the Dublin Garden, through Sir Joseph Banks, many of the plants and seeds brought to England from the South Seas by the members of the exploring expeditions at the time. In July, 1806, the site of the present Botanic Garden at Ball's Bridge was leased by the College for one hundred and seventy-five years, at a rent of fifteen guineas per acre. CHAPTEE XIV. THE SUCCESSION TO THE PRO VOSTSHIP EMINENT MEMBERS OF THE COLLEGE AT THE DEATH OF PROVOST HUTCH1NSON THE OBSERVATORY. TOWARDS the end of the year 1793, when the health of Provost Hutchinson was evidently failing, there was an expectation that he could be induced to resign while the Earl of Westmore- land still held the office of Lord Lieutenant. The friends of Arthur Wolfe (afterwards Lord Kil warden), who was at that time Attorney- General, hoped to be able to secure for him the reversion of the Provostship, which had come to be regarded in the light of a political office. It is supposed that Lord Clare looked upon this arrangement favourably. Having good rea- sons for believing that negotiations for this object were in progress, the Fellows determined to present a petition to the King in order to counteract this movement. It is said* that this document was drawn up by Mr. Miller. It was signed by the Yice-Provost and by almost all the Fellows. Four members of the body, two Senior Fellows, Drs. Young and Hall, and two Junior Fellows, Dr. Hodgkinson and Mr. Miller, were deputed to proceed to London in order to secure the assistance of influential people in accomplishing the purpose which they had in view. The Fellows had pledged themselves to use their efforts to secure the return of the Hon. George Knox at the next parliamentary election for the College, and Mr. Knox at once enlisted the warm interest of the Marquis of Abercorn in their behalf. The Earl of Charlemont also gave the deputation a commendatory letter to Edmund Burke. * Kev. Samuel 0' Sullivan's Remains, vol. ii. p. 271. 272 Deputation from the College to Mr. Pitt. On the arrival of the Fellows in London they waited on the Home Secretary, Mr. Dundas, by whom they were received coldly, and in a very discouraging manner. It was supposed that he had been in communication with the Provost, who was then at Buxton, in reference to the proposed arrangement. It had so happened that on their way to the Home Office the Fellows had called at the house of the Duke of Gloucester, the Chancellor of the University, and had written their names. Dundas asked them why they had entered upon these proceed- ings without having first communicated with the Chancellor (meaning Lord Clare). Mr. Miller at once replied that they had waited on him (meaning their own Chancellor) on their way. They asked Dundas whether they might hope for a private audience from the King, and they were informed that this would not be granted. However, they might be in attendance at the next Levee. On the same day Drs. Young and Hall waited upon Mr. Pitt, and by him they were favourably received ; and from that time they found that the difficulties which impeded the exe- cution of their mission were removed. The members of the deputation presented their petition to the King at the Levee. No answer was returned at the time, but the matter was taken very seriously into consideration at the Court, and very much through Mr. Burke's influence the design was frustrated. In the beginning of August, 1794, Drs. Young and Hall, and Mr. Elrington, then a Junior Fellow, proceeded to London in order to have an interview with the Marquis of Abercorn. That nobleman went at once to Mr. Pitt and to the Duke of Portland with regard to the Provostship, and (to use the words of the Duke) " gave a powerful and distinguished support to the College." In September, 1794, when tidings of the death of Hutch- inson at Buxton had reached the College, Dr. Hall and Mr. Elrington were sent at once to London with addresses to Mr. Pitt, to the Duke of Portland, and to the Chancellor of the University. They waited on the Marquis of Abercorn, and Dr. Hodgkinson^ s Interview with Burke and others. 273 from him they received a letter to Mr. Pitt. In October, in consequence of another application from the Yice-Provost (Dr. Murray) and the Fellows, Lord Abercorn called upon the Duke of Portland, and repeated his application on the part of the College. He obtained in general terms a favourable answer to his request. Dr. Hodgkinson (a lay Fellow) was sent alone to the Duke, to impress upon him the necessity that a clergyman, and not a layman, should be appointed to the Provostship, and he received from the Duke of Portland a most satisfactory answer. Hodgkinson waited also on Edmund Burke, who took a lively interest in the matter ; and on that occasion the great statesman used these pregnant words*: "If you separate learning from religion, learning will destroy religion." Dr. Hodgkinson waited also on the Marquis of Abercorn ; and after the interview he wrote to the College that he " was received by him in a manner excessively kind, indeed, and was shown the Marquis' very spirited, strong letter which he had written to Mr. Pitt on the subject of the Provostship, and was informed of the terms of the conversation which the Marquis had with the Duke of Portland on the subject, and was given a letter of introduction to him."f The Fellows had now secured one portion of the object of their hopes that the post should, in conformity with the Statutes, be retained as a clerical office, and that the evil pre- cedent of making it a mere political appointment should not be followed. However, they soon learned that it was in the con- templation of the Irish Grovernment to bestow the office upon Dr. Bennett, Bishop of Cloyne, an English divine, whom Lord Westmoreland had brought over to Ireland with him in 1790, and had almost immediately given to him the Bishopric of Cork, and shortly afterwards, in 1794, promoted to the See of Cloyne. The matter, we are told, had proceeded so far that * Rev. Samuel O'Sullivan's Remains, vol. ii. p. 273. t The letters of the members of the several deputations to the College remain among Bishop Elrington's papers, preserved in Trinity College, and from these letters the above narration has been compiled. T 274 Bishop Bennett and the Provosts hip. Bishop Bennett had sent his housekeeper to inspect the Pro- vost's House. The Fellows soon heard of this, and assembled in Dr. Hall's chambers to deliberate upon the new aspect of affairs. Dr. Joseph Stopford proposed that two of the body should be sent to the Bishop with an address, explaining to him the extreme disfavour with which his appointment to the office would be met on the part of the Fellows, over whom he would be called to preside, but mainly to make clear to him that the union of the offices of Provost and Bishop was incom- patible with the College Statutes.* Dr. Charles E. Elrington, whose father was one of the deputation on this occasion, informs usf that the Bishop re- ceived them under the impression that they had been frightened at their useless opposition, and had come now to conciliate ; but as Dr. Hall read on, Bishop Bennett became aware of the real nature of the address, and appeared greatly disconcerted. He sent them back with the assurance that he would, to use their own words, " both for their sakes and his own, weigh maturely the reasons for his determination," and that he would send them an answer, which, however, never arrived. During all this time Lord Westmoreland continued to hold the office of Lord Lieutenant. He waited .until his successor was appointed. The post had been offered to the Earl Spencer, and had been declined by him. The matter of the Provostship was settled by the Ministry in London before November 3rd, 1794, at which time the appointment of Lord Fitzwilliam as Viceroy had not taken place. That nobleman was sworn into office on January 4, 1795, and immediately afterwards the * The case of Provost Chappel has been already stated in page 81. The finances of the College were at that time in such a miserable condition that he could have derived but little income, and much anxiety, from the office. The case of Anthony Martin, in 1645, was not a precedent. He had been driven from his See by the rebels ; and from the original documents, which will be found in the Appendix xxxiii., it is manifest that his appointment to take charge of the College, when it was deserted by Provost Washington, was at the urgent request of the Vice-Provost, Fellows, and Scholars, whose names are attached to the document in which they represent 'the deplorable state of the College. t Life of Vssher, p. 200 : Ussher's Works, vol. i. Dr. Murray appointed Provost. 275 following letter was addressed by the Duke of Portland to the Marquis of Abercorn : " WHITEHALL, Tuesday, January 13, 1795. " MY LORD The very powerful and distinguished support which has been given by your Lordship to the general course of education in Ireland, by the manner in which you interested yourself respecting the succession to the Provostship of Trinity College in Dublin, leads me to imagine that your Lordship will not think it too great a liberty in giving you the earliest in- formation of the King's determination with regard to that appointment. I have had the satisfaction of receiving his Majesty's commands to acquaint the Lord Lieutenant that his Majesty approves of Dr. Murray, the Vice- Provost, as a fit person to succeed to the office of Provost, in consequence of the Lord Lieutenant's recommendation of him, which I had the honour of laying before his Majesty. Your Lordship will give me leave to offer you my congratulations on this happy event, and to assure you of the respect and regard with which I have the honour to be " Your Lordship's most obedient humble Servant, " PORTLAND. " The following letters, which are to be found in the fourth volume of the Correspondence of Edmund Burke, manifest the keen interest with which that statesman regarded the question, and enable us to see how the designs of Lord Westmoreland were frustrated. Mr. Burke writes to Mr. Wyndham in the following terms : "August 15, 1794. " A strange and unfounded report I find is rife all over Ireland that I am to be made Provost of the University of Dublin. If my Richard had lived, for whom alone I could bear to take any change, I would not accept it on any account. But it is not for that reason I mention it, but most earnestly and pressingly to put it to your conscience not to suffer this great, important, and (just now) most critical of all trusts, to be jobbed away in any manner whatsoever. It ought not to be suffered to enter into any sort of political arrangement. Religion, law, and order, depend upon this more than upon anything I know. You ought to be informed that the University sent over a deputation of their most respectable members to remonstrate upon an arrangement contrary to the Statutes, which was some time ago in agitation. The Provostship ought to be given to a member only of the body ; and for a thousand reasons to an ecclesiastic. The dispensation from T 2 276 Edmund Burke* s Views as to the Provostship. the Statutes (a power unfortunately reserved to the Crown), as exercised, must be considered a great abuse, and never was designed for such pur- poses. The body, I assure you, contains persons of great solidity, great erudition, and very enlarged and capable minds ; and in that body I trust none will be chosen on the recommendation of the Irish Government, but that the sense of the body itself should guide the choice. I have no favourite, no connection, political or personal, to warp my judgment in this point. . . . The law is wiser than cabal or interest. This will do credit to the Duke of Portland's administration. God direct him and all of you. If I saw you I could say much more on this subject ; for though my heart is very sick, it has these things in it." "Writing to the Duke of Portland about the Provostship just vacated by Hutchinson's death, who held both that office and the Secretaryship of State, Mr. Burke expresses his views as follows : "September 14, 1794. " The former of these it was a shameful job to give him ; but it will be even more so, after all the consequences which attended it, again to break through the Statutes without a reason as strong as that which gave ground to the Statute itself, which most assuredly does not exist. On the contrary, no choice can exist out of the University so good as that which is furnished within its walls. Three or four of the Senior Fellows are men of the first order. The others may be so, also, for anything I hear to the contrary. I have no acquaintance with any of them. Dr. Murray, the Vice-Provost, who has filled that place with the highest honour, and stands, therefore, next in designation for the Provostship, I do not recollect ever to have seen. . . . This office ought not to be considered as a thing in the mass of pro- miscuous patronage, and which may as well be given to one man as to another." Alluding to the rumour of the recommendation of the Bishop of Cloyne to the office, he adds : ' ' The Irish Bishoprics are all valuable things this of Cloyne is amongst the best of those valuable things and the road to the highest is open to him ; and nothing but an odious and, at this time, a portentous avarice and rapacity could induce any of the Episcopal Bench to seize upon this cor- porate office, the undoubted right of others, and which is fitted to be exercised by one who is practised in its particular corporate duties. If a check is not put upon them they will be ruined by this mean secular spirit." Mr. Gratiarfs Opinion of the Provostship. 277 The following is an extract from a letter of Henry Grattan to Edmund Burke. [Probably September, 1794] : " Surely nothing could be more unseasonable or improper than to ap- point to the Provostship any man who is not, as you describe, a statutable academical character. I believe that the new Irish Administration will adhere to that principle. I judge by their character and their general intentions, and do hope that they will stop the recommendations of the existing Government, if they should depart from that line. . . . The late Provost, whom you knew well, betook him to such a retreat, and for fifteen years of it never enjoyed the repose of a moment. An ingenious and an accomplished man he was almost stung to death by intruding himself into the hive of the Academy. They are, many of them, of great learning, and best fitted to govern themselves." The new Provost, Dr. Eichard Murray, had been a Fellow for forty- five years, during a long portion of which time he was Professor of Mathematics. His principal employment in that position was the extension of mathematical knowledge, as far as it was then advanced, among the candidates for Fel- lowship ; and, from the manner in which he cultivated and directed their scientific tastes, Dr. Murray may be said to have in a great measure laid the foundation of the Mathematical School by which Trinity College afterwards became so distin- guished. It is true that he has not left behind him any mathe- matical works, or any original discussions of scientific subjects. It was not until late in his life that the Royal Irish Academy was founded. Dr. Murray confined his efforts to the teaching and training of young men of superior intellectual powers. He was of a studious and retiring disposition, and greatly de- voted to literary pursuits. Living, unmarried, in College, and of simple and inexpensive habits, he was marked by the exten- sive and unselfish liberality with which he contributed to the aid of those in need of his assistance. It is said that Dr. Murray was reluctant to accept the office of Provost when it was offered to him by Lord Fitzwilliam. Perhaps he felt that he was too little of an active man of the world to undertake the duties of a post in which he might be called upou to restrain the agitating and domineering spirit which marked the times in which he 278 Provost Murray. lived. However, the four years during which he held the Provostship were characterized by the perfect concord which prevailed among the Fellows, both Senior and Junior. In the University the simplicity and integrity of his character, com- bined with his well-known learning, caused Provost Murray to be looked up to with a degree of respect and affection which it is not easy to overrate. The Provost's death was unexpected, although he had at- tained a ripe age. On Saturday he had presided at the Board. Not feeling very well on Sunday, he absented himself from the College Chapel, contrary to his invariable habit. On the fol- lowing Tuesday morning, June 20, 1799, at two o'clock, Dr. Hall, one of the few unmarried Fellows who then resided in the College, was hastily summoned from his bed by a mes- senger, who informed him that the Provost had become seriously ill. Hall immediately went over and sent for the best medical aid which could be procured, but it was in vain ; Provost Murray soon afterwards expired in his arms. Provost Murray's remains were laid in the vaults of the new College Chapel, which he had lived to see consecrated, and his was the first funeral in that sacred edifice. Although he had been long a Senior Fellow, with an average income of about 800 yearly, his extensive charities were such that he left behind him personal property of only 4000. Dr. Murray had a well-stocked library, the mathematical portion of which he had been in the habit of allowing the Fellowship candidates freely to use, and he bequeathed these books to the Lending Library for their future benefit. Dr. Murray was succeeded in the Provostship by the Vice- Provost, Dr. John Kearney, after- wards Bishop of Ossory. His appointment was made by the Marquis of Cornwallis. Among the eminent men who were associated with Provost Murray in the work of the College, and whose names have been mentioned in the previous pages, was Dr. Matthew Young. He was the son of a gentleman of moderate, but independent, fortune in the county of Eoscommon. Young entered Trinity Dr. Young, Bishop of Clonfert. 279 College in July, 1766, under the care of Dr. Ussher, afterwards ^ Professor of Astronomy. Ussher soon went to England for the purpose of studying that science in its practical details, and his pupils were transferred to Dr. Murray, who regarded Young with an affection which continued to the end of his life. Young, under the tuition of Murray, soon developed those scientific tastes which afterwards made him so prominent. There was no Fellowship Examination in 1771, 1772, or 1773 ; but in 1774 an unexpected vacancy occurred, for which Young was a candidate. On this occasion the majority of the Senior Fellows gave him their votes, but Mr. Day, who had the suffrages of the remainder, was nominated by the Provost. In the follow- ing year Young was elected a Fellow, there being only two candidates to compete with him, and immediately he devoted himself to theological and scientific pursuits. In 1779 a society was formed in the College for the study of the ancient Fathers, and in 1782 another for the pursuit of scientific inquiries. Young was active in the establishing of both societies, and he was constant in his attendance at the meetings of each. The former society gradually died out ; the latter ceased to meet in 1786, on the incorporation of the Eoyal Irish Academy, into which its members were absorbed. Young's mathematical ability soon marked him out for College distinction. In 1781 he was appointed Assistant to Dr. Murray, the Professor of Mathematics. In 1784 he pub- lished his Essay on Sounds and Musical Strings. This work led to his election to the Chair of Natural Philosophy in 1786, on the resignation of Dr. Wilson. Young, along with Ussher, / contributed many Papers to the early volumes of the Transac- tions of the Royal Irish Academy. Besides his professorial work, Young was diligent as a College Tutor, and the fame of his abilities soon brought to him for instruction an almost un- precedented number of pupils. Such was his reputation as a scientific man and a divine, that Lord Cornwallis selected him for the Bishopric of Clonfert. Dr. Young was consecrated on the 3rd of February, 1799 ; but he soon showed signs of cancer 280 Dr. Hales. in the tongue ; he became unable to utter intelligible words, and he suffered intense pain for several months. During this period he devoted himself to draw up from his lectures his Analysis of the Principles of Natural Philosophy , and superintended the pub- lication of that work. He also completed his new Translation of the Psalms during his painful illness, and he died on the 28th November, 1799, at Whitworth, in Lancashire, where he had gone to consult an unqualified practitioner, having failed to obtain relief from the able surgeons of Dublin.* Bishop Young's name is now best known by the very able work which he published in opposition to Provost Hutch- inson's claim to negative all the proceedings of the Board in which the Provost did not agree. William Hales, D.D., who was so eminent both as a College Tutor and a writer on Mathematics, Theology, and Chronology, was the son of the curate and resident preacher of St. Finbar's Cathedral, Cork. He was born on the 8th of April, 1747, and educated by his maternal uncle, the Rev. James Hingston, Prebendary of Donoughmore, in the Diocese of Cloyne. William Hales entered College in 1764, under Dr. Forsayeth. who took a great interest in the young student, and devoted himself to the cultivation of his pupil's talents. At the quarterly Ex- aminations he always was awarded either the premium or the certificate in his division, and manifested a remarkable pro- ficiency both in scientific and in classical subjects. He took the degree of B.A. in 1768; and a Fellowship being then vacant lie became a candidate, and succeeded in being elected at the age of twenty-one, and while a Junior Bachelor. It is said that notwithstanding his reputation as a scholar, his boyish appear- ance at first made the parents of the students to hesitate in entering their sons under his care. His father advised him to have bis hair shaved, and to adopt the gray wigf which learned * The details of this notice of Bishop Young are taken from the notes of the sermon which Dr. Thomas Ellington preached in the College Chapel on the oc- casion of his death. f His youthful face under a gray wig is depicted in the portrait of Hales which La Granges Letter to Hales. 281 men wore not uncommonly at that time. Hales adopted his father's advice, and soon the students flocked to him as a Tutor ; so that in 1774 his pupils, we are told, were nearly twice as numerous as those of any other Junior Fellow. In 1778 Hales published his Treatise on the Doctrine of Sounds ; in 1782 appeared his Treatise De Motibus Planetarum, and in 1784 his greatest mathematical work on the Analysis of Equations* This contains a demonstration that the Binomial Theorem of Sir Isaac Newton extends to the case of roots or fractional powers, as well as to that of integer powers. f One would suppose that his striking success in his mathema- tical pursuits would have encouraged Hales to make greater progress in the advancement of these sciences, but he imme- diately turned his attention to theological and other studies. In 1788 he resigned his Fellowship for the College living of Killeshandra ; and for the next thirty years Hales, in the in- tervals of his work as a laborious country clergyman, devoted himself to his great work on the Analysis of Chronology, which was published in three quarto volumes in 1809, 1811, and 1813. The cost of printing this work was so much beyond the means of a country clergyman, that he was aided by a subscription of 800 among his friends. Dr. Hales died on the 30th January, 1831, in the eighty-fourth year of his age.J used to hang in his study, and which is now in the Fellows' Common-room in the College. * In reference to this work the great Lagrange wrote to Hales : " Monsieur ; Agreez mes tres sinceres remerciements de 1'honneur que vous m'avez fait en m'envoyant votre Analyse des equations, que j'ai lu avec toute la satisfaction pos- sible. La clarte et la precision qui regnent dans cet ouvrage et la reunion qu'il presente des metbodes elementaires et des theories sublimes doivent lui donner un des premiers rangs parmi ceux de son genre ; et, par 1'interet que je prends aux progres de la geometrie, je partage la reconnaissance que vos compatriotes vous doivent pour ce travail. Je desirois pouvoir meriter 1' opinion advantageuse que vous voulez bien avoir de moi, mais je ne puis y repondre que par la veritable estime et la consideration distinguee avec laquelle j'ai 1'honneur d'etre, Monsieur, votre tres humble et tres obeissant serviteur. DE LA GRANGE. Berlin, Nov. 1, 1785." A copy of this letter, in Hales' handwriting, is preserved in the flyleaf of the copy of the work which is in the College Library. t See Baron Masero's Scriptores Logarithmic^ vol. i. p. 243 : 1791. + A very interesting and full biography of Dr. Hales will be found in the first volume of the British Magazine. 282 Dr. Miller. When Dr. Hales was a College Tutor, lie is said to have taken a special interest in the religious habits of his pupils, and to have frequently visited them in their rooms. He himself shared the chambers of his friend and former College Tutor, Dr. Forsayeth, to whom he was greatly attached. In the pro-, ceedings before the Parliamentary Committee of 1791, already quoted, it was stated that Dr. Hales' pupils were numerous between seventy and eighty in all and that they must have brought to him, as a Junior Fellow, an income of between 600 and 700 a-year. On his resigning his Fellowship in 1788, we are informed on the same authority that Provost Hutchinson ultimately divided Hales' pupils among the other Tutors according to their own choice. Another Fellow who has been prominently before us is Dr. Miller. Greorge Miller was born in Dublin on October 22, 1764, the son of a Dublin merchant, who was a native of the north of Ireland. Young Miller was prepared for entrance into Trinity College at a small private school in Dublin, kept by a Mr. Craig. Among his schoolfellows were Charles Kendal Bushe, afterwards Lord Chief Justice, and Theobald Wolfe Tone. At the July Entrance of 1779 George Miller was admitted a Student before he had completed his fifteenth year. At this Entrance Examination John Sealy Townsend, afterwards Master in Chancery, obtained first place out of thirty who were admitted. A very high place was taken at the same Examina- tion by William Conyngham Plunket, afterwards Lord Chan- cellor of Ireland. In Miller's division Townsend took the lead until the fourth Examination, when Miller became superior ; and the latter continued to hold his position until the Easter Examination of the fourth year, when Plunket stopped Miller's certificate by answering equal to his.* The circumstances of Miller's election to a Fellowship have been already related.f * For a very excellent memoir of Dr. Miller, see the Remains of the Rev. Samuel 0' Sullivan, vol. ii. p. 259, which is the authority for the above statement. t Pages 243, ss. Proceedings at the Commencements 0/1793. 283 In addition to the transactions already detailed, in which Mr. Miller took a prominent part after his election to a Fel- lowship, his name came prominently before the University in the year 1793, in connexion with the admission of Eoman Catholics to Degrees. Eoman Catholics and Non-Conformists had from time to time been Students of the University by the connivance of the authorities, who did not exact from them attendance at religious services. We have seen that in some cases Eoman Catholics held Scholarships without being required to conform to the Church of Ireland. An acceptance of the Thirty-nine Articles was not required in Dublin, as it was at Oxford, at Matricula- tion, and at Cambridge on taking a Degree. But Eornan Catholics were precluded from graduating in Trinity College, inasmuch as every candidate for a Degree was required to take a declaration against Popery, which was prescribed by Act of Parliament, as well as an oath which was required by the Statutes of the College. When a Bill was introduced into the Irish House of Com- mons, which was intended to confer the elective franchise upon Eoman Catholic freeholders, and also to enable them to gra- duate in the University of Dublin, almost all the Senior Fellows and some of the Juniors were opposed to the latter concession, and a petition to Parliament against the measure was prepared by the former, to which the Junior Fellows were required to sign their names ; and for this purpose they were summoned to the chambers of the Vice-Provost, where the petition lay for signature. The Junior Fellows, as a body, had not been con- sulted upon the matter, and Miller's opinions were known to be in favour of the concession ; however, the Vice-Provost declined to permit him to state his arguments on the subject. He told Miller that he should either sign or retire. Miller preferred the latter alternative, and accompanied by those of the Junior Fellows who agreed with him in his opinions, he proceeded to his chambers and drew up a petition in favour of the Bill. To this document eleven Junior Fellows attached their names. 284 Miller's Action as Senior Master. When this result was known the petition of the Senior Fellows was withdrawn, and the clause in the Bill became law. By this enactment Roman Catholics were enabled to take Degrees without taking the declaration, provided that the King should make the required alteration in the College Statutes. When the first Commencement day after the passing of the Act of Parliament arrived, the Letters Patent altering the College Statutes had not been prepared, and consequently, although the declaration had been abolished by Act of Par- liament, the corresponding oath remained. Lord Clare was well known to be opposed to the admission of Roman Catholics to Degrees, and he presided as Vice- Chancellor of the Univer- sity, and it was expected that he would place every impediment in his power to the relaxation which had been granted by the change in the law. Mr. Miller, who was called upon to act as Senior Master Non-Regent, declined to take his place until he had been formally elected by the Senate, according to the letter of the University Regulations. After some opposition to this proceeding on the part of the Vice-Chancellor, this legal for- mality was carried out, and Mr. Miller took his seat as one of the Caput. The usual form at Commencements at that time was, that the Proctor should first supplicate for the Degrees to be con- ferred, and obtain the suffrages of the Senate, after which being done, the oath and the declaration were read. On this occasion the Vice- Chancellor called on the Proctor to commence by read- ing the statutable oath. So far no objection was made; but when that officer proceeded to recite the declaration as of old, Miller immediately interfered, and reminded Lord Clare that this declaration had been abrogated by Act of Parliament, and assured him that if it were then insisted on he would, in his capacity as a member of the Caput, prevent any Degrees from being conferred. Lord Clare was unprepared for this proceeding, and threatened to adjourn the Comitia. However, after referring to the Act, which Mr. Miller had by him, and after a consul- Miller's Lectures on History. 285 tation with Mr. Wolfe, the Attorney- General, who was present in the Hall for the purpose of taking the Degree of Doctor of Laws, Lord Clare soon saw that the clause in question, although conditional in the preamble, was peremptory in its enactment, and that the Senior Master Non-Regent was right in point of law. The declaration was not read, and the Commencement proceeded. Letters Patent were shortly afterwards passed making the necessary alteration in the College Statutes, and from that time Eoman Catholics have taken lay Degrees with- out restriction. When Mr. Miller was a Fellow he held the office of As- sistant to the Professor of Modern History, and he was urged by Provost Kearney to deliver public lectures upon the subject. This was no part of his academic duty as Assistant to the Pro- fessor, but he cheerfully undertook the task, and for four years he delivered six or eight lectures annually, upon the Philosophy of History, in the Law School. After resigning his Fellowship on accepting the College living of Derryvullan, he was per- suaded to continue these lectures, and through the influence of the Provost the Board decided that Dr. Miller (as he now was) should receive a salary of one hundred pounds yearly, until the course was completed. As the fame of these lectures spread more widely, the Law School could no longer contain the audience which flocked to hear them, and they continued to be delivered in the Examination Hall until the course was ter- minated in 1811. In 1817 Dr. Miller was appointed to the office of Head Master of the Royal School of Armagh, which he held along with his College benefice until his death in 1849, at the advanced age of eighty-five. Miller's Lectures on the Philosophy of History have been more than once reprinted. William Magee, another of the Junior Fellows at this time, J and afterwards the celebrated Archbishop of Dublin, was born at Enniskillen on the 18th March, 1766, in the house adjoining that which was occupied by the parents of his great cotem- porary and life-long friend, Lord Plunket ; and there he and Plunket lived as boys. Magee entered Trinity College on the 286 Dr. Magee, Archbishop of Dublin. 80th June, 1781, under the Eev. Eichard Stack, a man of refined taste and of fervent religious feelings, who was warmly attached to him in after life. He took his Bachelor's Degree in 1785, and was elected to a Fellowship in 1788. We are told* that " Magee's popularity and influence in the University advanced year by year, until they almost eclipsed those of any other of the Fellows : even the Provost, whose station con- ferred on him extraordinary powers, was quite inferior in influence to Dr. Magee." His friends were anxious that he should become a barrister, while retaining his Fellowship ; but as there was not a lay place vacant among the Fellows at the time, it would have been necessary that he should obtain a Eoyal Letter dispens- ing with his taking Holy Orders. This Provost Hutchinson steadily opposed, and Magee, whose own wishes lay in the direction of the Church, was ordained, and became a brilliant ornament of his profession. As Junior Dean he was enabled to restore to order the numerous Students who were then attracted to the College, and who were little accustomed to discipline. In a letterf written by Magee at the time, he says : "What a situation this must be, surrounded by eight hundred restless, and many of them mischievous, blades, continually mixing in one mass, you may form a conjecture, but that conjecture will be far short of the reality. I was not two days in office when I was obliged to sally out at eleven at night, from a warm room, and under a heavy cold, to put a stop to a battle between a body of our sanctified youths and a body of the police. After plunging through the dirty streets on a very wet night for more than an hour, I raked them all into the College ; some out of the watch-house, and some out of the kennel." As a College Tutor he was most efficient, and he was ever ready to foster genius and advance merit wherever he found it. His distinguished talents and high character secured him a large number of College pupils ; and as there was a great in- * Life of Archbishop Magee, prefixed to the edition of his works by the Rev. A. H. Kenney, who was intimately acquainted with his College life, t Wills' Life of Magee, Illustrious Irishmen, vol. vi. p. 359. Dr. Thomas Elrington, Bishop of Ferns. 287 crease in the entrances in his time, and no limit to the number of pupils whom each Tutor could receive, he enjoyed a con- siderable income while he remained Junior Fellow. This was for about twelve years only, as he was co-opted to a Senior Fellowship in 1800. A fortnight after his co-option he was appointed Professor of Mathematics, an office which he held with great reputation until he resigned his Fellowship for the College livings of Cappa,gh and Killyleagh, in 1812. He was particularly known during his Senior Fellowship for his pains- taking and able lectures, and as a brilliant examiner in Mathe- matics at the Fellowship Examinations. Such was the popularity of Dr. Magee in the College, that when he retired from his Fellowship he received the unprecedented distinction of ad- dresses from the College Historical Society and from the Scholars of the House, accompanied by a large silver vase and a handsome silver tray. Magee's best known Theological work is the Sermons on the Atonement, which were delivered on two successive (rood Fridays in the College Chapel. At that time, and for a long period afterwards, it was the duty of the Junior Dean to preach on that day; but on these days Mr. John Ussher and Mr. Stopford allowed Mr. Magee to take their places in the College pulpit. As a preacher Magee was one of the most eminent men of his day, and his services in this capacity were in constant de- mand. His merits and brilliant powers soon secured for him the Deanery of Cork, which he held along with the living of Cappagh, resigning Killyleagh in 1813. In 1819 he was consecrated Bishop of Eaphoe, and in 1822 he was made Archbishop of Dublin at the express desire of George the Fourth, who was greatly struck by a sermon which he had heard in the Castle Chapel from the Bishop of Eaphoe on the occasion of the King's visit to Dublin in the previous year. Magee had preached at the express wish of the King, who then insisted upon making him also Dean of the Chapel. Thomas Elrington, afterwards Provost and Bishop of Ferns, was born December, 1760. He entered in May, 1775, under 288 Dr. Burrowes, Dean of Cork. Dr. Drought, as College Tutor, and was elected a Scholar in 1778. In 1780 he took his B.A. Degree, and was elected a Junior Fellow in 1781. On Dr. Murray's promotion to the Provostship in 1795, Dr. Elrington was co-opted to a Senior Fellowship, and was elected to Archbishop King's Lectureship in Divinity. In the same year he was appointed Erasmus Smith's Professor of Mathematics, a post which he exchanged for that of Natural Philosophy in 1799. This office he held until 1806, when he retired on the College living of Ardtrea. He returned as Provost in 1811, and he was consecrated Bishop of Limerick in 1820, and translated to Leighlin and Ferns in 1822. Dr. Ellington's Undergraduate course was particularly brilliant, especially in Mathematics. He edited Euclid's Elements for the use of the Students, and also an edition of Juvenal and Persius. Dr. Elrington was the first of the Fellows who was appointed Donnellan Lecturer in 1796, and he published his lectures on the Proof of Christianity derived from the Miracles of the New Testament, also an Essay on the Ordination of the Clergy of the Church of England. Bishop Elrington always took a considerable interest in the work of the College up to his death N in Liverpool in July, 1835. Eobert Burrowes, afterwards Dean of Cork, entered at the age of thirteen under Dr. Hales. He was elected a Scholar in 1775, and in 1782 a Fellow. His academic abilities became so well known that, when the Royal Irish Academy published the first volume of its Transactions in 1787, Burrowes was selected by the Earl of Charlemont to write the preface to the volume. Dr. Burrowes was all through his life a well-known and fa- vourite preacher. He retired from his Fellowship in 1796, on accepting the College living of Cappagh, to which Bishop Cleaver added the Archdeaconry of Ferns. In 1798 Dr. Bur- rowes was appointed by the Lord Lieutenant to the Mastership of Enniskillen School, which he held with his College benefice, but which, in 1819, he resigned for the Deanery of Cork. He died on September 13th, 1841. Dean Burrowes was the author of several sermons, which have been published, and, with Dr. Richard H. Graves. 289 Edward Lysaght and Maher of Waterford, was known as the writer of slang songs of great humour, which were then so popular, but which, with few exceptions, are now forgotten. Eichard H. Graves was the son of a clergyman in the south of Ireland. He was horn in 1763, and entered the College on the 5th of June, 1780. He passed the Trinity Term Examination immediately afterwards, and was adjudged a premium. In October he was awarded the Certificate, having been superior in answering to everyone in his division ; and in every succeeding year he obtained the January Premium and the October Certificate, which were at that time the highest distinctions in the Undergraduate years. In his Junior So- phister year, besides being awarded the Hilary Premium and three Term Certificates, he joined the Historical Society, and at once took a prominent position among the able men who were members of the Society. In that year he obtained the Society's Medals in each of the three departments. Graves was elected a Fellow in 1786, and in due time became a Senior Fellow. He devoted himself to theological studies, and pub- lished several works in relation to that science. Graves' best known production is his Lectures on the Pentateuch, which were delivered in the College Chapel at the Donnellan Lecture. His other principal works were an Essay on the Character of the Apostles and Evangelists (1798), and Calvinistic Predestination repugnant to the general tenor of Scripture (1825). He was known as a most effective preacher, and in 1814 he was appointed to the Deanery of Ardagh, and to the Regius Professorship of Divinity in place of his father-in-law, Dr. Drought, whose deputy he was from 1800, and who resigned the post from ill health. Dean Graves died in 1829. One of his sous was the eminent Physician of Dublin, Dr. Eobert James Graves. In one of his sermons, preached in the College Chapel on February 14, 1808,* Dr. Graves mentions the commencement of a system of Saturday Catechetical Lectures for the junior * Graves' Works, vol. iv. p. 457. U 290 Commencement of Public Catechetical Lectures. classes, from the terms of which we may gather that before that time there was no public religious instruction of the Students : " Impressed with these sentiments, many of the Tutors of this Uni- versity have been in the habit of communicating religious instruction to their pupils in private lectures ; but time and experience have proved that these efforts have not been, at least amongst the great mass of the Students, as effectual as the unspeakable importance of the subject required. Atten- tion to religious instruction has been hitherto enforced by no academic obligation, and eminence in religious knowledge has not been encouraged in the junior classes of Students by any academic rewards. Hence there has been too great a temptation to postpone and neglect it. " Anxious to remedy this evil, the guardians of this institution have exalted the attainment of religious knowledge to the rank it should hold in every system of academic education. They require a moderate attention to it from every Student, and the reward distinguished proficiency with academic honours." THE OBSERVATORY. The College did not wait until the bequest of Provost Andrews became available for the erection of an Observatory. The Provost and Senior Fellows commenced at once to seek ' for a locality suitable for the building ; and at length they fixed upon one at Dunsink, situated on a high ground, about five miles north-west of Dublin, and commanding an uninter- rupted horizon, except that the Dublin mountains, fifteen miles distant, rise to a degree and a-half. The building was erected after the designs of the Professor, Dr. Henry Ussher, one of the Senior Fellows, upon the foundation of a solid limestone rock of some miles in extent, and which near the Observatory Arises to within six inches of the surface. The soil consists of a tough boulder clay. Dr. Ussher noticed that clouds coming from the south were frequently arrested by the mountains, leaving the space to the zenith clear. In the original building there was an elevated dome and a meridian room. The dome was furnished with an equatorial in- strument, which was fixed upon a solid pillar of most substantial masonry, sixteen feet square, surrounded by a circular wall at The Observatory at DunsinJc. 291 a foot distance, which supported the revolving dome. The floor was so arranged that the piers passed through it without touching, consequently no motion of the pier or the surround- ing wall could be communicated to the instrument. The Col- lege ordered from Mr. Ramsden, the celebrated astronomical instrument maker, a transit instrument of four feet axis and six feet focal length, bearing an aperature of four and a quarter inches, with three different magnifying powers up to six hundred. Also an entire circle of ten feet diameter for mea- suring meridian altitudes, and an equatorial instrument, the circles of which were five feet in diameter, with an achromatic telescope mounted on a polar axis and carried by a heliostatic movement. A lease of lives renewable for ever was secured of the land, comprising about fifteen statute acres, at a rent of 80. But in order to carry this out in a legal manner, a Koyal Letter was obtained licensing the College to hold this freehold site. On December 10, 1782, Mr. Graham Moyers' proposal to execute the building of the Observatory was accepted, and in 1786 we find from the College accounts the following statement of the money already expended by the College on the Observatory : s. d. Separate expense of the Observatory, already paid, 4783 3 6 Instruments paid for up to May 12, 1786, . . 548 2 11 Work doing and to be done, including Offices, . 912 14 5 Instruments ordered, ...... 870 Making the total estimated cost of the Observatory to be 7114 Os. Wd. On the 13th June, 1785, Dr. Ussher read to the Eoyal Irish Academy a Paper descriptive of the Observatory as it was at that time, and this is the earliest memoir published in their Transactions. Dr. Ussher* himself died on the 8th of * Dr. Henry Ussher (Fellow, 1764) was the son of the Rev. Samuel Ussher, Rector of Dunganstown. Dr. John Ussher (Fellow, 1790) and Dr. Cornelius Henry Ussher (Fellow, 1794) were children of another son of Samuel Ussher. U 2 292 Dr. Brinkley appointed Professor. May, 1790, of an illness said to have been contracted by ex- posure during his observations, and he unfortunately left his widow and children without much provision for their support. On June 1, 1790, we find entered in the College Eegister a memorial from the Board to the Lord Lieutenant on behalf of Mrs. Ussher. The document states that Dr. Ussher " was a man of great learning, and one of the most distinguished astronomers in Europe; and by his distinguished skill and indefatigable labours in forming plans of the Observatory, superintending the buildings, and directing the necessary ap- paratus, that infant institution has already arrived to a con- i siderable degree of celebrity." Immediately afterwards the Eegistrar was directed to write to Drs. Maskelyne, Hornsby, and Herschel, requesting information from them as to the best method of finding persons properly qualified for the office of Professor of Astronomy and Observer ; and inquiring whether such persons were likely to be found in England by advertis- ing. And in consequence advertisements were, by order of the Board, inserted in the English newspapers, inviting candidates from England and 'elsewhere. A young and distinguished Cambridge Graduate, John Brinkley, Senior Wrangler in 1788, and Fellow of Caius College, was highly recommended by Dr. Maskelyne, under whom he had worked at Greenwich, and, as we have seen in the previous chapter (p. 248), was elected in December, 1790. Mr. Brinkley was requested to go to London from Cambridge for the purpose of inspecting and forwarding the Great Circle then being constructed by Mr. Eamsden, and was asked to report from time to time upon the progress made towards its completion. The instrument itself remained long in the hands of the maker, and the College was obliged fre- quently to threaten law proceedings. It was not completed until 1808, after Mr. Eamsden's death, by his successor, Mr. Berge ; and the early reports of the Visitations of the Ob- servatory show that when the Observatory clocks had been entrusted to Mr. Crosthwaite for the purpose of repair, it was after many years, and with great difficulty, that they were Statute regulating the Observatory. 293 recovered for use ; so that Mr. Brinkley could not make much progress in astronomical discovery for a considerable period after his election. By the Royal Letters of 1792, which re- ^ gulated the work of the Observatory, Andrews' Professor was designated in future the Astronomer Royal of Ireland, and the duties of himself and his assistant were defined. The Astronomer Royal was bound to make the Observatory his actual place of residence ; and it was ordered that he should not absent himself for more than sixty-two days in the year, either together or at intervals, without special leave from the Board. The Royal Letters defined fully the nature of the observations to be made, and directed that these should be copied and printed annually ; also that the originals should be preserved at the Observatory, and that duplicates of the observations and computations, verified by the Professor, should be deposited in the College Library. The Provost and Senior Fellows were bound to visit and examine the Observatory and the instru- ments once in every year, in the months of June or July, which direction has been regularly complied with by the Board, or by a sufficient number of the members r of it, since 1792. CHAPTER XV. THE VISITATION OF 1798 THE COLLEGE HISTORICAL SOCIETY DR. BARRETT. A SPIRIT of disaffection to the English Government had been manifesting itself in the country during the last ten years of the eighteenth century, and several young men of good education and considerable natural ability participated in it. Among the Scholars elected in the year 1781, we find the names of Thomas Addis Emmett and Whitley Stokes ; and in the year 1784 Theobald Wolfe Tone was among the successful candidates. Tone tells us in his Autobiography that in the year 1791, soon after he had been called to the Bar, he had endeavoured to institute a political club in Dublin, which con- sisted of seven or eight members, eminent for their talents and patriotism, and who had already more or less distinguished themselves by their literary productions. Among these he mentions the names of John Stack and Whitley Stokes, Fellows of Trinity College. In their political opinions the members of this club at first agreed in most points, although they afterwards diverged widely. We have reason to believe that the objects which they had in view were confined to Catholic Emancipation and Parliamentary Reform. Tone, however, went much further, and from the first he appears to have directed his views to the separation of Ireland from Great Britain, and the subversion of the established Constitution of the country. Some of the members soon separated themselves from Tone. John Stack had resigned his Fellowship, and re- tired to a northern benefice. Tone tells us that the views of Whitley Stokes approached most closely to his own ; but that, The College Yeomanry Corps. 295 from the tenderness and humanity of his disposition, Stokes recoiled from any measures to be attempted for the emancipation of Ireland which would lead to bloodshed or violence. Another circumstance which tended to alienate Stokes from a Society, which ultimately developed into the United Irishmen, was its tendency to infidelity. In preparing the public mind for their future purposes, Tone and his associates circulated the works of Thomas Paine. Atheism and republicanism were at this period uniformly associated, and Stokes quickly saw this to be true. When Paine's Age of Reason first appeared, the earliest and best answer was from the pen of Stokes, who exerted himself to circulate his reply as much as possible among the Under- graduates of the University, in order to prevent their minds from being corrupted by the seditious and irreligious literature of the United Irishmen. For this reply to Paine Dr. Stokes received the thanks of the Board at the time. In October, 1796, armed associations of Yeomanry were established by the Grovernment for the defence of the country, and the members were regularly trained and commanded by their officers, and employed in military duty. A College corps was formed, and the Students who were enlisted in it elected their own officers. There were four companies, commanded by the lay Fellows, Drs. Browne, Hodgkinson, Phipps, and Stokes. The members of Stokes' company elected a Scholar named Samuel Kyle, afterwards Fellow, Provost, and Bishop of Cork, as his lieutenant. The College corps took its regular turns of military duty ; and while the rebellion of 1798 lasted it had the nightly charge of two of the bridges on the Grand Canal. Each subaltern was on duty two nights in each week, and the corps was frequently employed in night marches towards the Dublin mountains. Dr. Wall, afterwards Vice- Provost, who was a member of one of the companies, used to tell how he was engaged on this duty all the night before the day of his being examined for Scholarship, and of his marching with his company into College, and sitting for the examination, at 8 A.M., in his uniform. Bishop Kyle, in an interesting 296 The United Irishmen. autobiographical sketch, states that he himself was never absent from his duty as subaltern on a single occasion. In the years between 1791 and 1795 there was a consider- able increase of the numbers, and an extension of the treasonable objects, of the body of United Irishmen ; and in 1795 this society began to take a more distinctly republican stand, and meetings of a very seditious character were held in the city of Dublin. The Board found it necessary in April of that year to post on the College gates a decree, which was sanctioned by the Visitors, forbidding Students to attend any meetings of a political cha- racter outside the College, and intimating that disobedience to the injunctions of the Provost and Senior Fellows would be followed by the severest academic punishment ; and in July, 1796, four of the Students, St. John Skottowe, John Kinshela, Thomas Carew, and Conway Blennerhasset, were publicly admonished for violating this order, by attending political meetings outside the College. In February, 1798, shortly before the departure of Lord Camden from Dublin, it was announced that the Board in- tended to present him with a valedictory address. All the Fellows and Scholars, as members of the Corporation, were specially summoned to join in the presentation at the Castle. One of the Scholars, Arthur Ardagh, refused to attend, and he and a Student named David Power were summoned before the Board for making use of seditious language in the courts of the College, and exciting a clamour, as a consequence of their openly professing that they were United Irishmen. The majority of the Board decided that they should be expelled, although a minority, including Dr. Browne, Member for the University, held that this punishment was too severe ; and Browne was indiscreet enough to mention his disapproval of the sentence to Borne of the Students who met him as he came out of the Board-room. Ardagh and Power were Students of good character and well-known ability, and there was much sympathy with them on account of the general opinion as to the undue harshness with which their offence was visited. A few General Visitation of 1798. 297 days afterwards another of the Students, Purcell O'G-orman, was expelled for having written and published a paper reflect- ing on the action of the Board in this case. The attention of the Visitors was naturally directed to the disaffection which was manifested by certain of the Students, and shortly after a notice was affixed to the College gates, sum- moning every member of the College to appear at a general Visitation on the 19th of April. The Visitors were Lord Clare and Dr. Duigenan, who had been deputed by the Archbishop of Dublin to act in his place. The Vice- Chancellor, on opening the proceedings, intimated that the object of the Visitors was to inquire whether the disaffection imputed to the College was founded in reality, or was a mere rumour or surmise ; and he announced his intention to punish with severity any of the members of the College who should be proved to be en- couragers or abettors of treason or sedition. The roll of the College was called, and to every member, as he answered his name, an oath was tendered, and when sworn he was examined as to his knowledge of unlawful societies existing in College. Dr. Browne was asked as to his vote at the Board in the case of Ardagh and Power, and he acknowledged that he had con- sidered expulsion too severe a measure, and therefore had, with two other Senior Fellows, voted for the rustication of the two Students for a year as a suitable punishment, and that he had publicly stated his opinion after the meeting of the Governing Body had terminated. For this open criticism of the decision of the Board he was strongly rebuked by Lord Clare. Whitley Stokes, when questioned by the Vice -Chancellor, denied that he knew of the existence of societies of United Irishmen in the College, or of any illegal or secret societies within the walls. He admitted that he had been a member of the Society of United Irishmen in 1791, before their revolu- tionary tendencies had been developed; but he stated that from that period he had altogether dissociated himself from them. He admitted that he had professionally visited, as a physician, a man who was well known for his treasonable 298 Thomas Moore, the Poet. proclivities, but who was very ill and very poor, but always in company of a third person, lest his action might be misrepre- sented. He had also subscribed to a fund which was formed to relieve the necessities of two members of the United Irish- men who were in prison. The most reliable evidence was given on Dr. Stokes' behalf that he had used his influence among the Students, which was considerable, to induce some of them to withdraw from treasonable associations, and to enroll their names among the members of the College corps, and that his efforts had been successful. In fact Lord Clare was forced to admit the concurring testimony of so many respectable and independent witnesses in Dr. Stokes' favour ; at the same time he stated that he was a well-meaning man who had been led into great indiscretions. The Students soon appeared to be reluctant to take the oath, partly because they declined to implicate others, partly because they were unwilling to make admissions which would criminate themselves. At the end of the first day there were fifty who had refused to be sworn. In consequence of this Lord Clare intimated on the following day that if any of the Students who had been themselves implicated in the proceedings of these treasonable societies would come forward and admit the fact, and would promise that in future they would separate themselves from them, the Visitors would pass over their previous complicity with these associations. Among those who at first refused to take the oath was Thomas Moore.* However, when the Vice- Chancellor had explained the matter to the Students, Moore complied, and denied that he had any knowledge of treasonable practices or societies in College. Many of the other Students who had at first declined to be sworn, on the second and third days of the Visitation came * A graphic account of this Visitation, and of the action of Moore, the future poet, upon the occasion, may be found in a publication entitled Ireland Sixty Years Ayo, understood to be from the pen of the Right Hon. John E. Walsh, afterwards Master of the Rolls, from information supplied by his father, Rev. Dr. Walsh, who was a Scholar in 1798. Results of the Visitation. 299 forward and confessed tbeir errors. The result of the inquiry of the Visitors was the establishment of the fact that there were four committees of United Irishmen in the College, the secretaries of which were Eobert Emmett, Peter M'Laughlin, the younger Corbett, and Flynn. The sentence of the Visitors was to the effect that Thomas Eobinson, Scholar, who had lent his rooms for the meetings of the United Irishmen, and who had in his sworn evidence before the Visitors prevaricated in his answers, was expelled from the College. William Corbett, Dacre Hamilton, John Carroll, and David Shea, Scholars ; and Thomas Corbett, Peter M'Laughlin, Arthur Newport, John Browne, and George Keough, Students, were also expelled for contumacy in refusing to be sworn, and be- cause they had fallen into the gravest suspicion in the opinion of the Visitors of being acquainted with, and partakers in, a seditious conspiracy. Eobert Emmett, Thomas Flynn, John Penefather Lamphier, Michael Farrall, Edward Barry, Thomas Bennett, Bernard Killen, and Patrick Fitzgerald, were expelled for contumacy in refusing to appear before the Visitors, and because there was the gravest suspicion that they were acquainted with, and had been partakers in, the conspiracy. Martin John Ferrall was expelled because he admitted that he was acquainted with, and had been engaged in, this con- spiracy, and because he had not informed the authorities of it, nor had been willing to do so. As to Dr. Whitley Stokes, the Visitors decided that because he had confessed that he had some intercourse with the heads of the conspiracy he should be precluded from acting as College Tutor, and should for three years be disqualified from sitting as a member of the Board, and from being co-opted to a Senior Fellowship. These sentences were confirmed on the 1st of May, 1798, by the Duke of Gloucester, as Chancellor of the University. As a consequence of the above decision, when Dr. John Kearney vacated his Senior Fellowship in July, 1799, on his 300 Dr. Whitley Stokes. being appointed to the Provostship, Dr. Stokes, who was Senior of the Juniors, was passed over, and Dr. Magee was co-opted, after having been a Junior Fellow for only eleven years. It was probably on this occasion that a strong memorial from the Fellows was presented to Lord Clare, asking him to reconsider his sentence upon Dr. Stokes, and to which the following reply remains among Bishop Ellington's papers : " BERKELEY SQUARE, " November 15, 1799. " DEAB SIR I am favoured with your letter and a memorial, very re- spectably signed by some of the Fellows of Trinity College in favour of Dr. Stokes. It is quite unnecessary, I hope, for me to assure you that it will always give me great pleasure to comply with any request which may come so forcibly urged to me. In the present instance, however, the thing is impossible, as what has been done at the last Visitation is, in my opinion, irrevocable ; and even if it were not, I am sorry to be obliged to state to you that, from my knowledge of Dr. Stokes, he is a most improper person to be intrusted in any degree with the government or direction of any College. If 1 had been at liberty to act at the last Visitation on perfectly well-grounded private conviction I must have expelled him. " I am, very truly, your faithful, humble Servant, "CLAEE." Bishop Kyle has left it on record that the sentence of the Yisitors on Dr. Stokes rendered it necessary that he should retire from the command of his company. He resigned his post as captain, but immediately joined again as a private in the corps, and carried a musket along with the other members. Kyle, who was at that time lieutenant, informs us that he had considerable difficulty in preventing the members of the com- pany from passing a vote of censure on their late captain. Those who knew the integrity and simplicity of Dr. Stokes' character, and the kindliness of heart and humanity by which he was marked, could not believe that the sentence which Lord Clare and Dr. Duigenan passed upon him was justified. We must remember that both the Yisitors were men of strong party feeling, and that Stokes, as well as Browne, entertained extreme Dr. Whitley Stokes. 301 liberal views in politics, while they were both thoroughly op- posed to seditious and disloyal proceedings. It was not until 1805 that Whitley Stokes was co-opted to a Senior Fellowship in place of Dr. Browne, who was then Prime Serjeant, and who died unexpectedly on the day before Trinity Sunday in that year. Dr. Stokes 7 religious views induced him to resign his Senior Fellowship in 1816 ; but the Board created for him a Lectureship in Natural History, with a competent salary, and he also succeeded Dr. Hill, as Regius Professor of Physic, in 1830. Dr. Stokes was the son of the Eev. Gabriel Stokes,* and he entered the College, at the age of fifteen, in 1778. He was a candidate for Fellowship in 1786, when there was a single vacancy. On this occasion Mr. Graves was elected. The circumstances of this election may be gathered from the Par- liamentary Inquiry of 1791 (p. 49). Five of the Senior Fellows were disposed to vote for Stokes. Drs. Young, Ussher, and Drought, considered him to be decidedly the best answerer. Drs. Murray and Fitzgerald were somewhat in doubt. Provost Hutchinson, after the first scrutiny, declared that he would nominate Graves, and a majority of the Senior Fellows voted with the Provost on the second scrutiny. Stokes was subse- quently elected to a Fellowship in 1788, along with William Magee. It is recorded that previous to the examination for Fellowship Stokes had been so very ill that his friends con- sidered it quite out of the question that he could sit out the examination. He himself insisted on undergoing the ordeal ; and such was his bodily weakness that he was carried into the Hall. Contrary to the apprehensions of his friends, he was, after the usual severe examination, declared the successful can- didate ; and he must have been the best answerer, because the * In the year 1727 we find the entrance into College of Gabriel Stokes, son of Gabriel Stokes of Dublin, a mathematical instrument maker; and in 1735 his brother John also entered. The latter was elected a Fellow in 1746, and Gabriel Stokes, son of Gabriel, was elected a Fellow in 1756. His son, Whitley Stokes, was elected in 1788. 302 Edmund Buries Philosophical CM. opinion of the College was divided between Miller and Magee for the second vacancy. An excellent portrait and most in- teresting memoir of Dr. Stokes may be found in the Dublin University Magazine, August, 1845. In consequence of the Rebellion of 1798 it was not thought advisable to hold the Fellowship Examination at the usual time, as the studies of the candidates had been interrupted. It was therefore arranged that when the Provost and Senior Fellows attended in the Hall at the time fixed by the Charter no can- didate should appear. An Act of Parliament was afterwards obtained enabling the College to hold for that year the ex- amination and election of Fellows in October.* THE COLLEGE HISTORICAL SOCIETY. Early in the eighteenth century it was felt by the members of the College that the formal course of University studies was not a sufficient stimulus to the Students of more active minds for the fullest cultivation of their intellectual powers. Berkeley had formed a small private society, consisting partly of members of the College, and partly of externs, which met to discuss subjects of philosophical interest. In the papers which were read at these meetings the first foundations of his celebrated metaphysical doctrines were laid. When Edmund Burke was a Student he, too, felt the necessity of some club at which historical and philosophical questions could be discussed ; and his club, like Berkeley's, consisted of a few friends of kindred tastes who were not all members of the College. We find only seven members enrolled at the commencement.! The first meeting of the club took place in Greorge's-lane, on the 21st of April, 1747, when Burke was a Scholar in the Senior * On this occasion Samuel Kyle was elected from among nine candidates, and he was the first Fellow who was elected and sworn in the new Chapel. f Matthew Mohun, William Dennis, Edmund Burke, Andrew Buck, Joseph Hamilton, Richard Shakleton, and Abraham Ardesoif. Origin of the College Historical Society. 303 Sophister year. The meetings were on Tuesdays and Fri- days. On Tuesday an oration was delivered upon some given subject ; on Friday a speech was " spoken off with proper emphasis and action," and a written paper was " given in on a given topic in morality." The object of the members of this private Society was to improve themselves in " speaking, read- ing, writing, and arguing in morality, history, criticism, politics, and all the useful branches of philosophy." The speeches were written, and then delivered from memory.* The minutes of this club, in the handwriting of Edmund Burke, have been preserved. The next trace which we have of the origin of the Society is in the year 1757. In October, 1753, an Historical Club had been formed in the College for the cultivation of his- torical knowledge, and a futile attempt was made four years afterwards to amalgamate this club with Burke's. Of the members of the club of 1753 Barry Yelverton was the most prominent ; but of the proceedings of Yelverton's club no record remains. However, in 1770, a new Society was formed in the College, on a wider basis, mainly for the cultivation of historical knowledge and the practice of the members in oratory and composition. This Society at first consisted of only thirteen members, all students of the College, and they obtained from the Provost and Senior Fellows the use of the present Fellows' Common-room as a place of meeting. The names of the first members were Truell, W. Day, R. Carey, Dennis, H. Duquerry, J. Whitelaw, P. Gouldsbury, Barton, Harvey, sen., Johnston, Doyle, T. Robinson, M. Cahill. The business of the Society commenced at half-past six o'clock, P.M., by an examination in a portion of history ap- pointed at a preceding meeting. After the history examination the members adjourned for tea and coffee. Then the debate * A very interesting account of this club, and of the early origin of the College Historical Society, was given in the opening Address of the Auditor, the Rev. Itobert Walsh, in 1864, from which the author has derived much information. 304 The College Historical Society. commenced. Two appointed speakers on each side were first heard, then other memhers were permitted to take part. "When the debate was finished strangers were excluded, and the private business of the Society was entered upon. In the first Session the number of members was increased from thirteen to fifty ; and soon the resources of the Society were in such a flourishing condition that considerable sums were distributed for public charities from a fund specially created for the purpose. From the first the members paid but slight attention to the principal object for which the Society was founded. The historical examination was badly attended, and the answering became so indifferent, that the habit of ignoring the study of history was more than once strongly commented upon by the chairman at the closing meeting of the Session. The negligence which was apparent in 1775 continued as long as the Society met within the College. In the Session of 1783 the Society was so well established in the rooms assigned to it by the Board that we find the Board asking for the temporary use of the rooms on the oc- casion of the Lord Lieutenant's visit to the College, when the following letters passed between the Bursar and the Secretary : " The Bursar's compliments to the Historical Society. The Board re- quests the favour of the use of the Historical Room for a few days, as His Excellency the Lord Lieutenant is to breakfast in College on Monday next, the 3rd of March." " The Historical Society present their compliments to Dr. Ussher. They have much pleasure in complying with the request of the Board, and have unanimously agreed to accommodate them with the use of their rooms for a few days." In 1783 an alliance between the Historical Society and the Speculative Society of Edinburgh, which had been founded in 1764, was first established ; and in 1789 Graduates of the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge were admitted as can- didates for membership. The Cambridge and Oxford Unions had not been established at this time. Mr. Miller and the Historical Society. 305 Among the prominent members of the Society before 1793 we find the names of J. Saurin (afterwards Bishop of Dromore), Peter Burro wes, Christopher T. Emmett, Laurence Parsons, Earl of Rosse (M.P. during his year of Auditorship), W. C. Plunkett (afterwards Lord Chancellor), Charles Kendal Bushe (afterwards Lord Chief Justice), Standish O'Grrady (afterwards Viscount Gruillamore and Chief Baron), William Magee (after- wards Archbishop of Dublin), and of other men who in future years, in various walks of life, shed a lustre on the College in which they were educated. The number of members gradually increased to more than six hundred. The great majority of these were Graduates of some standing, whose names were not on the College books, and who were, consequently, no longer under Collegiate discipline. It is therefore not a matter of surprise that disorder had crept into the meetings of the Society, and that subjects were debated without any respect to the disapproval of the Board. Matters had come to such a point that Mr. Miller, who had been formerly Auditor of the Society, and who at this period held the office of Junior Dean, felt it necessary to interfere. In April, 1794, during one of the debates of the Society, he perceived one of the old members to be present, who had, by a sentence of the Board, been prohibited from appearing in Col- lege, and the Junior Dean requested the Auditor to inform this member that if he did not immediately quit the room Mr. Miller would move for his expulsion. The Auditor declined to deliver this message, as did also the Chairman. When, however, the member was informed of the fact by the Secretary he immediately withdrew. After the question under debate had been decided, two barristers, Mr. Campbell and Mr. Dawson, moved and seconded a resolution that a committee should be appointed to inquire into the reason of the member's having quitted the room. To this the previous question was moved and negatived, and the Society adjourned without having come to a decision. On the following Monday the Provost and Senior Fellows 306 Difficulties of the Society with the Board. intimated to the Students, through their Tutors, that in future none should be admitted to the debates of the Historical Society except those whose names were on the College books. Whereupon a number of Students, who were members of the Society, addressed a memorial to the Board, asking them to reconsider their decision, and suggesting reasons why it was for the advantage of the College that Graduates who had left College should remain members of the Historical Society ; it was also contended that so great a number as the externs amounted to* could not fairly be excluded by those few who were mem- bers of the College. The Society would be willing to adopt a resolution that no one should be proposed for membership whose name was not at the time on the College books ; and that no person should be permitted to remain a member who had been expelled from the College. In reply to this memorial the Board stated that they would insist upon all persons whose names were removed from the College books ceasing to be members of the Historical Society, except those only who had obtained medals in History, Oratory, or Composition ; and that they would require that Students should wear their Academic costume at the meetings of the Society. The Society again addressed the Board on the subject of the exclusion from mem- bership of those who had removed their names from the College books ; and ultimately the Vice-Provost sent the following communication to the Society : " The Yice-Provost and Senior Fellows, from the impropriety of the proceedings of the Historical Society at their last meeting, and their not complying with the wishes of the Board on Tuesday last, are more than ever convinced that the continuance of persons, not Students of the Univer- sity, as members of that Society, is highly injurious to discipline, and the due subordination of Students to the heads of the College. They have, therefore, resumed the room in which the Society have been permitted to hold their meetings. However, as they are desirous of forwarding, as far as they can, the advancement of the Students in literary pursuits, they are * There were nearly six hundred extern members at the time. The Historical Society Ejected from the College. 307 disposed to grant that room to such of them as are willing to assemble there for such purpose, under such restrictions and regulations as the Board shall think proper to prescribe." The room was, accordingly, on one Friday morning in April, 1794, locked up by order of the Board ; and at a meet- ing of the Society held on the following evening in the Exhibition Eoom, William -street, an appeal was made to Provost Hutchinson, then in England. The Society continued to hold its meetings in the same place, outside the College, and without any regard to the College authorities. Acting on the hint contained in the last clause of the Board's communication, a certain number of the Students, who were members of the Society, addressed the Provost and Senior Fellows, asking for a restoration of the room on the terms proposed by the Board, and promising, moreover, that they would not choose for debate any question of modern politics, or admit in any manner into their discussion any allusion to such questions. The Board, in reply, expressed themselves willing to grant the use of the room on these conditions, and were willing to allow Students who had obtained medals of the Society in History or Composition, or who had obtained College premiums while Undergraduates, and whose names had been removed from the College books, to continue honorary members of the Society for two years after they had arrived at Master's stand- ing, and to have the right of speaking, but not of voting in the Society. The gentlemen who had presented the memorial in the first instance declined to accept the room under these conditions ; and on April 26, 1794, a decree of the Board and Visitors was posted on the College gate, prohibiting the Students, under heavy penalties, from attending the meeting of any Society without the College, held solely or in part for the purpose of debate, and ordering the Students not to form or attend any such Society inside the College without the consent and per- mission of the Board. X 2 308 A new Internal Society constituted. A small number of internal members agreed to accept the terms offered by the Board, and they formed the basis of the new Historical Society ; and finally this internal Society be- came the more powerful of the two. The number of members of the external Society diminished, until at length, after a lingering existence, the few who remained met on February 26, 1806, and handed over their property to the Society established within the walls of the College. The internal Society started with only twelve original members, among whom were Kyle and Sadleir (both afterwards Provosts), Lefroy (afterwards M.P. and Lord Chief Justice), Jebb and Torrens. Thomas Moore and Eobert Emmett joined subsequently ; these became so violent in their language in debate, and so dangerous to the well-being of the Students, that the Board was obliged to re-admit ten of the more experienced members of the old Society to restrain these de- mocratic theories. When the College corps of two hundred and ten volunteers was formed they met in the Society's room to elect their officers, and it became the guard-room of the corps. On the breaking out of the rebellion of 1798 the meetings of the Society were discontinued until peace was restored in the country;* and the internal Society continued to meet in the old rooms in the College until 1815. Then dissensions arose between the Board and its members, and Provost Elrington resumed possession of the rooms ; so that the Society came to an end for the time. It was re-constructed outside the College but not re-admitted within the walls until 1844. An account of the leading members of Trinity College at the end of the eighteenth century would be incomplete if it did not contain some details of the College life of Dr. John Barrett, who was one of the strangest characters which any University has produced. He was a man of indefatigable industry as a student of books, and was gifted with an extraordinary memory, * Kev. Eobert Walsh's Address. Dr. Barrett. 309 and a certain amount of shrewdness in literary matters ; and yet in the ordinary habits of every- day life, in his dress, con- versation, and manners, he was quite unlike the world in which his lot was cast. John Barrett was the son of the Rev. Daniel Barrett, a clergyman of small income in the King's County, who died, leaving a widow and a young family with very scanty means. His mother removed to Dublin, where her son John was educated by a Mr. Sheilds ; and he entered the College as a Pensioner on the 9th of July, 1770, at the age of sixteen. At the examination he obtained the first place out of seventeen who were admitted. He was elected to a Scholarship in 1773, and graduated B.A. in 1775. After three years he was elected to a Fellowship in 1778, and co-opted to a Senior Fellowship in 1791. In 1807 he became Vice-Provost, a post which he held until his death in 1821. Dr. Barrett held also the office of Librarian for twenty-five years. Being accustomed to great pecuniary difficulties in his youth, he never acquired the habit or the desire of spending money on himself. He had no idea of the comforts which pecuniary means could procure, and he did not experience any want of them after he was in a position to provide them for himself. Nor did he care to contribute to relieve the wants of others ; he never was known to apply any of his money to a charitable purpose. He was, however, never charged with adopting improper means to increase his gains. He scarcely ever went beyond the precincts of the College ; and he was, indeed, seldom seen within its confines except on his way to service in the Chapel, or to dinner in the Hall, at both of which he was a regular attendant. Slovenly and shabby in his dress, odd in his appearance, and uncouth in his expressions, he was a well-known butt for the sarcastic remarks of the Students. His ordinary language was a mixture of oaths and provin- cialisms, which he had acquired as a boy, and which, through his want of intercourse with society, he had never found occasion to discontinue. Dr. Barrett was singularly deficient in the power of acquiring the knowledge of common things 310 Dr. Phelarfs Testimony to Dr. Barrett. by observation. All his ideas came from what lie read in books. One who met him frequently at dinner in the College Hall, has left it on record* that in the matter of book knowledge " he displayed his learning in well-turned and ac- curate language ; and, save that he went somewhat beyond the tone of mere conversation, might be set down as a sensible and judicious scholar ; but if the conversation turned on moral or political topics, or on the commerce of the world, the part he took, and the notions he expressed, were often such as can be truly compared to the talk of a child of ten." The work by which Dr. Barrett is best known is the recovery of an ancient MS. of a portion of St. Matthew's Gospel, written in uncial characters, f the text of which had been erased in order to enable a scribe, living many centuries after it was written, to make use of the parchment for the transcription of other matter. Dr. Barrett was able to decipher the original writing, and the text was published by the University. + His other work in- cluded an account of the early College days of Dean Swift, and a very learned and ingenious, but extremely fanciful, Essay on the Signs of the Zodiac. His character is best de- scribed in the words which Dr. Phelan used in a sermon preached in the Chapel of the College on the Sunday after Dr. Barrett's death: " The extent and accuracy of his knowledge in Biblical literature is, perhaps, without a parallel in the present times. His decisions respecting the Hebrew text have been received with a dei'erence conceded to none but transcendent merit. . . . The text of the New Testament has benefited still more by his labours. It cannot be forgotten that through his skill and industry the Church of God has been enriched by a discovery the most valuable of its kind which has rewarded learned research since the revival * Lives of Illustrious and Distinguished Irishmen, edited by Wills, vol. vi. p. 441. f Known to critics as Codex Eescriptus Z. % Since Dr. Barrett's time more accurate reproductions of this ancient Codex have been published by Dr. Tregelles, and finally in a more complete manner by Mr. Abbott. Phelan's Remains, vol. i. p. 246. Rev. John Walker. 311 of literature. ... He pursued truth for its own sake, to the last a student of unwearied and disinterested assiduity. It were injustice not to add that he was as liberal in the communication, as he was zealous in the pursuit, of knowledge. When consulted with that respect which his rank and years demanded, his natural reserve expanded into an obliging frankness ; and although unconversant with the forms of social intercourse forms always conventional and often capricious those who sought and appreciated his acquaintance found him deeply imbued with the spirit of courtesy. During a long lapse of years a principal share in the government of this College devolved upon this eminent man. In all that period, among many excel- lent and exalted associates, he has been distinguished for wisdom, industry, and impartiality. Faithful in his trusts, unremitting in the discharge of his duties, identifying himself with the body to which he belonged, his care extended to the remotest and most minute circumstances which affected its character, its prosperity, or its internal economy. Never in all that time was the purity of his administration sullied ; and whenever, in his opinion, the principles or the dignity of this place appeared to be compromised, he was found to possess a firmness of avowal, and a resolution of purpose, little to be expected from his habitual diffidence." It would be unsuitable to the present History to detail the numerous stories which have been current in the College as to the eccentricities and the penurious character of Dr. Barrett. They have appeared already in print ;* and those who knew him have declared that they have not been drawn in exaggerated terms. Another of the Fellows, who was of considerable eminence as a classical scholar, was the Rev. John Walker. He was educated by his father, the Rev. Matthew Walker, a clergy- man in the county of Roscommon. Walker was admitted a Student in January, 1785, at the age of seventeen. He was, in due course, elected to a Scholarship in 1788, and to a Fellowship in 1791. His principal work was an edition of Livy's History, with Latin notes, which still retains its repu- tation among classical scholars. This was published at the expense of the College. Walker also brought out "Select * A number of these stories may be found in the Dublin University Magazine, vol. xviii. p. 350, in which there is also preserved a copy of a striking caricature of Dr. Barrett. 312 Expulsion of Mr. Walker. Dialogues from Lucian," and published an edition of " Murray's Logic," with notes, and also one of Euclid. Mr. Walker was a man of earnest religious sentiments, and he was led to adopt theological opinions widely different from the tenets of the Church of which he was a clergyman. An extreme Calvinist in his views, he came in the end to disbelieve in the authority of the Christian ministry, and to discredit the necessity of the Sacraments of the Church. Mr. Walker at last declared that his religious opinions did not allow him to read the Services of the Book of Common Prayer, which, as a Fellow, he was bound by Statute to do in his turn in the College Chapel. When Provost Kearney remonstrated with him on this matter, Walker offered to resign his Fellow- ship. The Provost, with tears in his eyes, declined to receive this resignation, and entreated Walker to reconsider the matter. The latter, however, was determined in his opinions; and on the next day, 9th October, 1804, the Provost summoned the two Deans, and publicly expelled Mr. Walker.* Dr. Kearney's conduct cannot be defended. Walker, of course, could not continue to hold a Fellowship, but no reason has ever been assigned why his resignation should not have been accepted when it was tendered. The loss of Mr. Walker as a Fellow was greatly detrimental to the growth of the classical learning which was beginning to be more soundly cultivated in the College. * An account of this matter is given by Mr. Walker in his Introduction to the Supplemental Notes on his edition of Livy. The University Calendar states that he resigned. This is incorrect, for the formal expulsion is recorded in the "Register of Censures." CHAPTEE XVI. STATISTICS OF THE COLLEGE DURING THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY. THE records of the Examinations and Lectures during the first half of the eighteenth century are very imperfect. But from what remains it is possible to form some idea of the industrious habits of the Students at the middle of the century. Thus, in Michaelmas Term, 1743, we find the attendance at Morning Lecture to be as follows : Senior Sophisters, 21 ; Junior Sophisters, 15 ; Senior Freshmen, 19 ; Junior Freshmen, 3 ; in all 58 : and at Greek Lecture, Senior Sophisters, 21 ; Junior Sophisters, 17 ; Senior Freshmen, 38 ; Junior Freshmen, ; in all 76. Of these, 36 had the thanks of the House for diligence at Morning Lecture, and 51 at Greek Lecture ; 22 were " cautioned " at Morning Lecture, and 25 at Greek Lecture. At the Michaelmas Term Lectures, 1750, the numbers were of all classes, 51 attending at Morning Lecture, and 48 at Greek Lecture. In 1751 the numbers were at these lectures 42 and 46 respectively ; and in 1752 the corresponding numbers were 30 and 57. From the attendances in the different classes it would appear that few of the Junior Freshmen Students were in residence in Michaelmas Term, and it may be conjectured that a consider- able number of those who entered in June passed the Trinity Term Examinations and rose to the Senior Freshman class of the next year. This is confirmed by remarking the number of Students who attended the Term Examinations. Thus we find at the Hilary Term Examinations, 1757, there were of Senior Sophisters two divisions ; of Junior Sophisters two divisions ; while there were of Senior Freshmen four divisions, and of 314 Examinations of 1759 and 1776. Junior Freshmen only one division. At the Hilary Ex- amination, 1759, of the Candidate Bachelors there was one division of 9 in the Hall ; 4 Candidate Bachelors did not attend. Of Senior Sophisters, two divisions, 32 attended the Examination, and 20 were absent, out of a class of 52. Of the Junior Sophisters there were three divisions, at which 39 at- tended, and 19 were absent, out of a class of 58. Of the Senior Freshmen there were four divisions, at which 47 attended, and 25 answered, out of a class of 72 ; and of the Junior Freshmen there was only one division, at which 23 answered, and 13 absented themselves, out of a class of 36. Thus there appear to have been 231 Undergaduates, of which 150 were present at the Examination, and 81 absent from it. The returns of the Hilary Examination, 1766, are interest- ing in regard to the names of the Examiners and the results of the Examination. Dr. Hamilton and Dr. Murray examined two divisions of Candidates, 12 and 11 in each. Of these, two were " stopped," having judgments of five and three vix mediocriters respec- tively ; one had one vix mediocriter, and one was " cautioned to the Eegent House." There were three divisions of Senior Sophisters, two of 11 each, examined by Dr. Wilson and Dr. Palmer, and one of 12, examined by Mr. Dobbin. Mr. Law examined 12 Junior So- phisters, two of whom were " cautioned," one having two vix mediocriters, and the other one. Mr. Kearney, sen., examined 12 Junior Sophisters, of whom one was " cautioned " for one vix mediocriter. Mr. Forsayeth examined 13 Junior Sophis- ters, and Mr. Dabzac 11, of whom one was " cautioned." There were four divisions of Senior Freshmen, of 12 each, examined respectively by Mr. Stock, Mr. Lodge, Mr. Ussher, and Mr. Connor. Of these only one Student was " cautioned." Mr. Kearney examined 13 Junior Freshmen, including Lord Moles- worth and Lord Dunluce ; the former obtained the Premium, his marks being valde in omnibus. Mr. Drought examined 15 Junior Freshmen, Mr. Torrens 19, and Mr. Fitzgerald 15. Term Lectures in 1784. 315 Thus there appeared at this Examination 23 Candidate Bachelors ; 30 Senior Sophisters ; 48 Junior Sophisters ; 47 Senior Freshmen, and 62 Junior Freshmen in all 210. At this Examination one Ex-Fellow, Dr. Hamilton, and one resident Master, Mr. Lodge, were called in to assist. At this Examination the Candidate Bachelors were obliged to pass in Logics, Mathematics, Astronomy, Physics, Ethics, Greek, Latin, and Theme. The Junior Sophisters in Logics, Mathematics, Astronomy, Greek, Latin, and Theme. [Physics were added at the Easter Examination.] Senior Freshmen and Junior Freshmen in Logics, Greek, Latin, and Theme. [Senior Freshmen were examined in Mathematics in addition at Easter.] At Hilary Examination, January 23, 1769, the total number of "Undergraduates on the College books was 288. Of these, 238 were present at the Examination, and 50 absented them- selves. The numbers in the several classes were as follows 14 Candidate Bachelors, 59 Senior Sophisters, 67 Junior So- phisters; 100 Senior Freshmen, and 62 'Junior Freshmen. In 1784 the returns of the Morning and Greek Lectures were as follows in the Easter and Trinity Terms : SENIOR SOPHISTERS. Morning Lecture, 2 diligent, 24 cautioned. Greek Lecture, 2 ,, 15 ,, JUNIOR SorniSTERS. Morning Lecture, 2 ,, 25 ,, Greek Lecture, 4 ,, 32 ,, SENIOR FRESHMEN. Morning Lecture, 11 ,, 30 ,, Greek Lecture, 16 ,, 38 ,, JUNIOR FRESHMEN. Morning Lecture, 11 ,, 26 ,, Greek Lecture, 50 ,, 14 ., In Michaelmas Term, 1784, the attendances at Greek Lecture were Senior Sophisters, 17 ; Junior Sophisters, 45 ; Senior Freshmen, 55 ; Junior Freshmen, 39 : in all 156. From the Senior Lecturer's books we find that a Student who was cautioned at Term Lectures in two successive Terms was put down to the bottom of his class, and if cautioned in three successive Terms he was placed in a lower class ; while 316 Table of Entrances and B.A. Degrees. if he was afterwards returned as remarkably diligent, he was restored to his original class. The following is a Table of the number of Students who entered Trinity College in the several Academic years from July 9, 1724, to December, 1772, and of those who took Bachelors' Degrees from 1724 to 1772 : YEAR. Fellow Commoners and Noblemen. Pensioners and Sizars. TOTAL. B.A. Degrees. Fellow Commoners and Noblemen. Pensioners and Sizars. \\ V 1724 10 69 79 54 54 1725 13 118 131 2 41 43 1726 9 107 116 2 60 62 1727 3 98 101 7 71 78 1728 11 105 116 6 54 60 1729 14 80 94 3 53 56 1730 12 95 107 5 46 51 1731 6 79 85 72 72 1732 17 95 112 1 74 75 1733 7 75 82 1 67 68 1734 8 74 82 6 72 80 1735 6 58 64 7 52 59 1736 10 86 96 5 72 77 1737 13 93 106 9 59 68 1738 9 94 103 5 59 64 1739 16 70 86 4 55 59 1740 14 60 74 9 55 64 1741 9 67 76 9 40 49 1742 11 73 84 8 61 69 1743 8 62 70 2 59 61 1744 5 46 51 10 69 79 1745 8 60 68 12 52 64 Table of Entrances and B.A. Degrees. TABLE OF STUDENTS continued. 317 YEAR. Fellow Commoners and Noblemen. Pensioners and Sizars. TOTAL. B. A. Degrees. Fellow Commoners and Noblemen. Pensioners and Sizars. 5 ,. w 3| * 1746 10 54 64 4 36 40 1747 8 69 77 5 47 52 1748 12 69 81 7 43 50 1749 13 62 75 3 42 45 1750 9 62 71 4 43 47 1751 10 49 59 3 43 46 1752 13 36 49 6 50 56 1753 13 55 68 4 41 45 1754 10 54 64 4 33 37 1755 14 49 63 5 31 36 1756 12 63 75 5 23 28 1757 16 57 73 4 26 30 1758 16 65 81 6 32 38 1759 13 50 63 10 24 34 1760 21 54 75 6 43 49 1761 16 41 57 7 33 40 1762 15 47 62 8 39 47 1763 11 63 74 14 26 40 1764 17 63 80 3 42 45 1765 10 57 67 7 21 28 1766 16 71 87 7 31 38 1767 12 68 80 9 36 45 1768 17 85 102 4 43 47 1769 19 61 80 7 36 43 1770 18 88 106 6 53 59 1771 24 76 100 12 47 59 1772 27 87 114 8 60 68 318 College Statistics. From the foregoing Table it will appear that in twenty-five years (1744-68) the total number of entrances was 1776 ; being 317 Noblemen and Fellow Commoners, 1247 Pensioners, and 212 Sizars, or an average of 50 Pensioners and 12'6 Fellow Commoners each year the proportion being nearly one Fellow Commoner for four Pensioners, and two Sizars for fifteen of the other ranks. In the corresponding twenty-five years (1748-72) the per- centage of Students taking B.A. Degrees to the admissions were Noblemen, 66 per cent. ; Fellow Commoners, 52 per cent. ; Pensioners and Sizars, 64 per cent. From 1770 to 1790, inclusive, the total admissions amounted to 3009 ; being an average for twenty-one years of 143'3. The largest number being in 1790, when 216 were admitted. In the last ten years of the century the admissions were as follows : 1 o o^ e e B d 2 iu 1 S2 YEAR. o a TOTAL. YEAR. .2 3 TOTAL. o f2 1 n o ^ g 1 U w A Pn 1791 34 168 11 213 1796 29 73 15 117 1792 39 145 13 197 1797 30 101 8 139 1793 42 128 9 179 1798 20 71 11 102 1794 30 126 6 162 1799 32 90 8 130 1795 25 90 7 122 1800 27 67 14 108 For the first five years the average entrances were 34 Fellow Commoners and 131 Pensioners; and in the last five years 27*5 Fellow Commoners and 80 Pensioners. We have no means of ascertaining the cause of this decline of 35 per cent., which appears more manifest among the Pensioner Students. In the twenty years from 1724 to 1743 we may calculate that the average entrances were 10 Fellow Com- moners, 78 Pensioners, and 9 Sizars, each year. College Statistics. 319 We may thus sum up the average entrances in each year during these three periods : 1724 to 1743, average of all ranks, 97 ] 744 to 1768, 71 1769 to 1790, 144 1791 to 1800, 146 In January, 1800, the number of Students on the College books was as follows : Fellow Commoners, 108 ; Scholars, 63 ; Pensioners, 342; Sizars, 30 in all 543; and in Hilary Term, 1800, there were dining in the Hall 21 Fellows, 20 Fellow Commoners, 62 Scholars, and 78 Pensioners, in addition to the Sizars. In fifty years, from 1724 to 1773 inclusive, 767 Degrees of Master of Arts were conferred. In the decade 1724-33 inclu- sive, the average number of M.A. Degrees was 13*2 annually; from 1734 to 1743 the average was 19*3 ; from 1744 to 1753 the average was 19*8 ; from 1754 to 1763 the average was 11 -2 ; and from 1764 to 1773 the average was 13'2 M.A. Degrees each year. In the first of these decades 21 per cent, of the Bachelors of Arts proceeded to the higher Degree ; in the next decade this percentage rose to nearly 30 ; in the third decade it still rose to nearly 38 ; in the fourth decade it fell to 29 ; and in the fifth decade it fell still further to 27 per cent, of the B.A. Degrees. In the first twenty-five years, beginning with 1724, nearly all the Degrees of Master of Arts were conferred at the Summer Commencements, while the great majority of Bachelors of Arts, including Fellow Commoners, took their Degrees on Shrove Tuesday. From 1724 to 1740 no Medical Degrees appear to have been conferred. In the lists for 1740 four Degrees of M.D. appear. In the thirty-one years from 1743 to 1773, 29 Degrees of Doctor of Medicine and 27 of Bachelor of Medicine were conferred, making an average of not quite one each year. We have no records of the number of Students who were 320 College Statistics. engaged in the study of Medicine in Trinity College prior to 1786. An Act of Parliament was passed in the 25th year of Greorge III., regulating the conjoint School of Physic for the University and the College of Physicians. That Statute re- quired that all those who shall he in attendance on Medical Lectures therein, whether Students of Trinity College, or extern Students in Medicine, shall be Matriculated by the Senior Lecturer. From 1786 lists of these Matriculations have been preserved, and the following Table gives the number entering the School of Physic in each year up to the end of the eighteenth century : 1786, . 1787, . 1788, . 1789, . 1790, . 1791, . 1792, . 1793, . 6 Entered. 1794, 17 1795, 5 1796, 3 1797, 1798, 1 1799, 2 1800, 5 Entered. 4 4 1 6 2 14 When we consider that at present in the great Medical School of the University the average number of Students joining in each year is about ninety, we can see that at no period of the last century was the study of Medicine in the University of Dublin advanced beyond its infancy. NOTES. THE COLLEGE ARMS. THEIIE is no record of the grant of arms to Trinity College, but the earliest documents attest the antiquity of those which are now used. In a manuscript memorandum-book of the earliest part of the seven- teenth century, shortly after the foundation of the College, we find the following entry : " HEXASTICON PR,E FOUIBUS COLLEGII." " Tristis lerna, diu latitans, caput extulit umbris : Pulsa en barbaries, vis^fera, furta, dolus. Cum dedit iste Leo pacem, Lyra dulcis opemque, Arx ignita locum, fit liber atque Domus, Alma Domus miseris, pupillis sedula nutrix Queis honor aut virtus aut pia Musa placet." INSCRIPTION ON DR. CHALONER'S TOMB IN THE OLD COLLEGE CHAPEL. (Page 24.) " Conditur hoc tumulo Chaloneri triste cadaver Cujus ope et precibus conditur ista domus." The following translation of this was written on the wall beside the staircase to the gallery in the old Chapel : " Under this staircase lies Chaloner's sad carcase, By whose prayers and intreaties this house now so great is." It is much to be lamented that better care was not taken of this monument when the old Chapel was removed. There was a recum- bent statue of Chaloner in alabaster, and the whole was erected by his daughter Phoebe, wife of Archbishop Ussher. From being placed in 322 Notes. an exposed position at the rear of the new College Chapel, in 1798, it has been so completely ruined by the action of the elements, that the face of Chaloner is no longer to be recognized. The two portraits of Chaloner which Dunton mentions as existing in his time (see page 151), have long since disappeared. PROVOST BEDELL TO ARCHBISHOP USSHER. (Page 60.) " We have not yet delivered your Grace's return of the reference made to you at the Council table touching the enclosure at the College gate, as having but lately received it. In the meanwhile the Scholars, upon St. Matthew's day, at night, between supper and prayer-time, have pulled it all down, every stick, and brought it away into the College to several chambers. Yet upon warning that night given at prayers that every man should bring into the quadrangle what he had taken away, there was a great pile reared up in the night, which we sent Mr. Arthur word he might fetch away if he would ; and he did accordingly. " This insolency, though it much grieved me, I could not prevent. I did publicly, upon the reference, pray them to be quiet, signifying our hope that we had of a friendly composition ; but when they heard that Mr. Arthur fell off, they would no longer forbear." " Trinity College, March 5, 167f." Elrington's Ussher, vol. xv. p. 426. This has reference to a fact narrated in a Memorandum of the time among the College papers : " On the 24th of February, at night, between supper and prayers, when the Scholars of the College pulled down the poles and rails which were standing upon the ground, and there being two pistol shots, the noise whereof was heard into the Provost's Lodgings. The Provost going to Chapel met a little boy of the city, with two pales in his hands, going out of the College, who said a Scholar had given them to him ; whereupon the Provost, after prayers, blamed the disorder, and wished that whosoever had any of the pales or timber, they should lay it in the quadrangle in the court, that the owner might have his own. The next morning there was a pile got up in the midst of the quadrangle, with divers poles and pieces here and there. The next \b .Of Notes. 323 morning word was sent to Mr. Arthur by Sir George Radcliffe out of the city, that there was much of his timber layed in the College court, and if it pleased him he might send it away. Which same thing was given notice of by the Provost meeting his brother in the way to St. Patrick's Cathedral the same day. At evening he sent for the timber." A petition had been forwarded by the College to the Council, com- plaining of Arthur's proceeding to the erection of a building near the College, by which a passage would be taken away where there was anciently a gate or way leading to the site of the College, which although at that time closed, was intended to be opened again by the College. The matter was settled by the Council. The College bought Mr. Arthur's lease of the plot which he had taken from the city of Dublin. COLLEGE EXAMINATIONS AT THE END OF THE SEVENTEENTH CENTUKY. (Page 141.) In Provost Hutchinson's MS. account of the College we find the following statement : " 1685. In a roll of Easter Term of this year we meet with one hundred and seventy -five names, to most of which judgments are annexed, which undoubtedly relate to the answering of such of the members of the four different classes as presented themselves for examination at the beginning of that Term, with the exception of some persons whose names might have been contained in a part of this roll which is either torn or worn away. The subjects of the examination were Logic, Physics, Greek, Latin, and Theme, and the first of these in many parts of the roll is not mentioned ; and there it is likely that it was not examined at that standing of the Student. But we are not enabled from the roll to draw the line. No Morality appears to have been examined, and Mathematics and Astronomy made no part of the course, unless as far as either of these sciences might have been comprised under Physics. In this roll we meet with 3 pessimes, 20 males, 25 vix mediocriters ; and, with an exception of one gentlemen, who had an optime for Logic, the best judgments to any Student are lene in omnibus, and the instances very rare where the judgment rises above mediocriter. Even the afterwards celebrated Y 2 324 Notes. Jonathan Swift had not at this time risen above mediocrity. His judgments for Physics, Greek, Latin, and Theme, were no better than mediocriter. There is no Christian name, but from tradition this is supposed to have been the Dean of St. Patrick's, who was certainly in this class. There is another of the same name in this class, but his judgments are little, if at all, better male for Physics, bene for Greek and Latin, and for Theme negligenter. Swift's very ingenious friend, Sheridan, had worse success, having got pessime for Physics, and no other judgment." The roll above alluded to is probably that a portion of which came into the hands of Mr. John Foster, and a fac simile of a part of which is printed in his Life of Swift. It is most likely that the judgments of the latter of the two Students of that name are those of Jonathan Swift. PROVOST ASHE. (Page 146.) In condoling with Swift on the death of St. George Ashe, Addison writes: " He has scarce left behind him his equal in humanity, agreeable conversation, and learning." (Swift's Works> vol. viii. p. 180, letter 183.) PROVOST PETER BROWNE. (Page 147.) Dr. Hutchinson states that " he was a man of great powers of elocution, for which he was distinguished at a very early period of his life, having been appointed in about a year and a-half after his election to a Fellowship to speak the oration in praise of the Founder, on the Secular day of the College." Harris records that Peter Browne "was an austere, retired, and mortified man, but a prelate of the first rank for learning among his brethren, and was esteemed the best preacher of that age for the gracefulness of his manner and fine elocution. He studied and was master of the most exact pronunciation, heightened by the sweetest and most solemn tone of voice, and set off by a serious air and a vene- rable person ; all which united commanded the most awful attention in his hearers of all sorts. He was eminent for his critical skill in the Greek and Hebrew, which enabled him to explain the beauty, Notes. 325 energy, and sublimity of the sacred writings to great advantage ; and as he had formed himself upon the best models of antiquity, he quickly introduced a new taste of eloquence into that society of which he was a member and head, and utterly banished that false glitter of shining thought, and idle affectation of points and terms, which reigned before in the sermons of their most eminent preachers, by showing how con- temptible they were, compared with the solidity and dignity which discovered themselves in his plainer, but more correct and nervous periods. Yet, after all, his most distinguished talent was that of inspiring new piety into the hearts of all that heard him preach or pray. His heart was full of it, and his whole air, manner, and tone of voice, whether in the pulpit or at the altar, breathed and inspired it pure and fervent. The Liturgy of the Church of Ireland was seen in a new light of beauty and excellency when he officiated ; and more particularly the Communion Service was felt and confessed by every man that heard it from his mouth to be a heavenly composition." (Harris's Ware, vol. ii. p. 296.) Provost Hutchinson adds: " This character is given at large, because from accounts received from some of the most intimate friends and nearest relatives of Peter Browne the picture appears to have been faithfully drawn without the smallest exaggeration. He owed his present promotion to a letter written by him in 1697, in answer to Toland's book, entitled Christianity not Mysterious. This book had become an object of such general attention that Marsh, then Arch- bishop of Dublin, recommended it to Browne to write an answer, with which his Grace was so well pleased that he procured for him his appointment." Browne's own account of his promotion to the See of Cork was, that he owed it to a sermon which he preached before Queen Anne while he was Provost, on the text " Never man spake like this man " (St. John, vii. 46) ; and the Queen was so pleased with the sermon that she applied the text to the preacher, and told him that he should be Bishop of Cork; and, moreover, that he should recommend his successor to the Provostship. Provost Hutchinson gives as his au- thority for this statement Archbishop Browne of Tuam. Provost Hutchinson in his MS. essay records his opinion of Peter Browne : "If we were to presume to estimate the different degrees of merit of the many eminent men who had presided over the Society, we should give Peter Browne the first place. His sermons are the 326 Notes. work of an able divine, a great moralist, and an accomplished scholar. Prom his habits of addressing a learned audience he sometimes forgot that he spoke to congregations of a different description. But learned, eloquent, and pathetic, as his discourses must be acknowledged to be, they probably owed much to his voice and manner, to the spirit of conviction with which he delivered them, and to the fine feelings of a warm heart which animated that spirit." During Peter Browne's Provostship, on the 23rd April, 1709, he informed the Board that Mr. Squire, a Junior Fellow, had resigned to him his Fellowship. No reason was assigned for this ; but Hutchinson relates the following story, which College tradition had preserved : While the Provost was walking in his garden with Squire, a gentle- man came in from the city, and, seeing Squire, stated that he had the pleasure of informing him that his wife had been confined of a son. Squire was so much dismayed by this accidental discovery of his mar- riage, that he sent in at once to the Provost his resignation of his Fellowship. In three years afterwards Thomas Squire was presented by the College to the Rectory of Drumragh. PROVOST PEATT. (Page 147.) Dr. Hutchinson informs us that Pratt had been Chaplain to the House of Commons, as well as Domestic Chaplain to the Duke of Ormonde, and that he was a person of wit and learning, and had lived among people of rank. He was a gentleman of good birth and fortune in Ireland, which enabled him to make a very respectable appearance, and to mix with the best society in London. He obtained, in 1700, leave of absence for two years, and from Swift's letters and his journal to Stella he appears to have been much in Swift's company while in London. Being a reputed Tory and a partizan of the Duke of Ormonde, his promotion was strenuously opposed by the Lord Lieu- tenant, Lord Wharton, although Pratt had many friends among the Irish bishops and peers. In opposition to Pratt Lord Wharton put forward Dr. Hall, the Vice-Provost, a very learned and excellent man. Lord Wharton is said to have used every artifice to prevent the promotion of Pratt, although he had promised not to oppose him. He went so far as to send the Bishop of Ely to the Queen to inform her Majesty that he would never consent to Pratt' s being made Provost. Notes. 327 There is every reason to induce us to believe that Pratt' s pro- motion was recommended to the Queen by his predecessor, Bishop Browne. The latter repeatedly told Dr. Browne, Archbishop of Tuam, that he always regretted this recommendation. Peter Browne was a strict disciplinarian, and a man of austere manners. Pratt, on the contrary, treated the Junior Fellows with too great familiarity, and so failed to sustain his proper authority in the College. Dr. Pratt had grown unpopular before the change of ministry in Queen Anne's reign ; this was probably occasioned by his long and frequent absences from the College.* His patron, the Duke of Ormonde, had now been attainted. Pratt is represented by Swift as a very honest man, perfectly goodnatured, and with very good intentions; but he finds defects in his character ; his views are short-sighted, various, and sudden ; he took counsel of no one, and he suffered both in his health and honour from the harsh treatment of the Government. In 1716 and 1717 he was threatened with a Visitation and a Parliamen- tary inquiry into his conduct as Provost. He was offered the Deanery of Down, which he consented to accept provided that the appointment was given to him with some mark of favour which might show that he was not driven into it, as a man whom the King could not trust. He finally vacated the Provostship, and accepted the Deanery of Down. These negotiations may be found in Swift's letters to Arch- bishop King, 13th November, 1716; 22nd December, 1716; 22nd March, 1717; and 1st May, 1717. See also a letter from Forde to Swift, 6th July, 1714. DR. DELANY. (Page 160.) The following statements with respect to Dean Delany are taken from Provost Hutchinson's MSS. : " Dr. Delany was nominated to a Fellowship by Provost Peter Browne ; he had answered so very indifferently that all the Senior Fellows voted against him. When these remonstrated with the Provost on his nomination, Browne acknowledged the inferiority of Delany's answering ; but he assured the Senior Fellows that he was * He obtained a license of absence on the 17th October, 1712, and was absent for the remainder of that year, and for a great part of the two following years. 328 Notes. a man of great talents, and would be hereafter one of the great ornaments of that Society. Dr. Delany was one of the most popular preachers of his time ; and though his style was inflated, and his manner pompous and theatrical, he was not ineloquent, and spoke with force and dignity. Nominated by Provost Browne, the friend of Swift, and supposed to have been himself a High Churchman and a Tory, he never agreed with Baldwin, who owed his promotion to the contrary principles. Of these two gentlemen the following anecdote has been related, and has received credit : Delany exerted himself in the pulpit against the Provost, and preached a sermon in the College Chapel. The congregation applied it to Baldwin ; but he appeared entirely unmoved, and to have taken no notice of it until Delany, professing candour, but more probably meaning defiance, called on the Provost, and put into his hands the sermon which he had preached against him. Baldwin only said, ' You did then, sir, preach this sermon against me ?' and being answered in the affirmative, told him, ' You must beg my pardon publicly in the College Hall, or I will expel you.' Delany, relying on the support of Lord Carteret, then Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, with whom he was in great favour, would make no apology. The Lord Lieutenant sent a message to Baldwin, requesting that there should be no further proceedings. His request was refused. The refusal was followed by a threat, said to have been delivered in the following words ' Tell the Provost that his house is made of glass, and that I have a stone in my sleeve.' The Provost answered, * Tell his Excellency that if Dr. Delany does not beg my pardon publicly in the College Hall to-morrow, I will expel him there at twelve o'clock.' The Doctor submitted, and Baldwin's spirit, which never deserted him, triumphed over one of the ablest Viceroys that ever governed Ireland." ERASMUS SMITH'S PROFESSORSHIPS AND DEAN SWIFT. (Page 208.) Provost Hutchinson states that in the year 1724 "the Lord Lieu- tenant having referred to the University some regulations concerning his Majesty's sanction for the support of the Professorships to be endowed out of the estates of the Board of Erasmus Smith, their opinions imported that these Professorships should be limited to the Fellows while they continued to be so. Swift, in his letter to Lord Notes. 329 Carteret, treats this opinion as narrow and partial, and says that such a limitation could tend only to mend Fellowships and to spoil Profes- sorships ; and he appeals to the practice of Oxford and Cambridge, and of foreign Universities, to the contrary. But he gives his opinion that education in the University, with equal merit, should entitle to a preference ; and that promotion to a bishopric, or to a preferment at a certain distance from town, should vacate the Professorship. He recommends also that some provision should be made against having this benefaction made a perquisite of humour or favour. It must be confessed (adds Hutchinson) that nothing could have been more judicious or friendly to the University than this opinion." It is to be remarked that by the Act of George I., regulating these Professorships, the two which were founded in that year are open to all members of the College, and are filled up by a competitive examination, and are tenable for a period fixed by the Governors. A Fellow, however, who holds one must vacate the post within six months of his ceasing to be a Fellow. (Page 166.) The following verses, which are preserved in an old printed slip, of the date between 1724 and 1727, in the College Library, depict the characters of the Fellows of the time : " THE CONCLAVE DISSECTED ; OR, THE FELLOWS OP TRINITY COLLEGE. " When Baldwin will not with the Laws dispense, Nor Interest prefer to better sense When Gilbert misses Lecture, Club, or Prayers, Acts partial, and against the oath he swears When lazy Elwood, in his gown secure, Reads, prays, drinks not, and is no Epicure When Helsham's more luxurious than he's wise, And stoops to little arts and tricks to rise When in Delany learning wants a friend Which modesty and morals recommend When Thompson's modest, humble, and beloved, And scholars not for double fees approved When merit is preferred by Clayton's voice When Helen's left, and Plato made his choice 330 Notes. When Rogers does not by the statutes guide His actions, but is hated for his pride When Rowan's not haughty, insolent, and vain, Stopford a pedant, impolitely plain When King's not hated, nor most learnedly slow, And Whitcombe willing proves a scholar's foe When Stewart is no fop most vainly gay, Shaw studies, and forgets to sip his tea When Hughes is ungenteel, ill-bred, no wit, And Clarke shall publish what he never writ When Cartwright reads much, is not a Bonfellow, And chooses Tea before Margaux that's mellow- When Graffan is not proud, lavish of Tongue, And Berkeley* can't discern twixt right and wrong- When Bacon's steady virtue can be bribed, And Dobbs' knowledge by limits circumscribed Then, and then only, shall my thoughts aspire To sit a Fellow of this learned Quire." DE. LAWSON AS A PREACHER. (Page 169.) " His compassion was universal, as his beneficence was extensive ; he easily yielded to solicitation, and devoted a part of his time to preaching at some churches at Dublin, as also in Oxford and in Lon- don. The weakness of his voice was fully compensated by the energy and pathos of his addresses, striking at once the reason, and affecting the passions of his auditors. Hence his reputation in the art of preaching caused the churches to become crowded ; and it was then unfashionable not to be able to recollect some of the Doctor's persua- sive arguments in behalf of those truly Christian institutions, the charity schools of these kingdoms ; on which occasions he successfully exerted his powers to the real ornament of our language, and to the advancement of Christian eloquence." Preface to his Sermons: London, 1764. EDWARD LYSAGHT. (Page 289.) The following unpublished lines, written by Edward Lysaght, who took his Degree in 1782, are interesting as depicting the character of * Robert Berkeley, brother of the Bishop. Notes. 331 some of the Scholars of the time. They were preserved by Provost Ellington : " COMMONS CRANKS; OR, SALT FOR THE BACHELORS' TABLE, BY A FRESHMAN. " Tota cantabitur urbe, HOR. " My Doggrel shall be chaunted through the Courts. " M'Donough 1 wilt thou ne'er be quiet, Maugre cuts and broken bones Wilt thou never cease to riot, Battering, bulging, pelting stones ? " From the Quays up to the Poddle, Every street has heard thy brawls ; On thy thick, illfated noddle Every ruffian's cudgel falls. " When thou hear'st the bell's loud sum- mons, Quickly hastening here from town, Cica triced thou sit'st at Commons, Shattered face and battered gown. " Soon a shabby group surround thee, Politics on every tongue ; Gaping porters stand around thee Haste, harangue the motly throng. " Every mouth full crammed with mut- ton Swallows meat and swallows news ; Each an orator and glutton, Rav'ning speaks and ranting chews. " Burdy, 2 Whig, and John-a-Dory, 3 Dive into the nation's state ; Sluttish Murray's 4 fulsome story Swells the channel of debate. " Deaf to decency and breeding, Cur Arbuthnot 5 snarls and barks ; Sarcasm still bis theme, or reading Your vix. or his own best marks. " Apish Grier's 6 broad Ulster cadence Joins with Johnston's 7 grating tones ; Who, as soon as he has laid hands On the mass meat turns to bones. " Vulgar Boyton'ss bog-learned lingo Answers Farrell, 9 blundering Teague. Gunning, 10 flushed with potent stingo, Staggers out opinions vague. " Hear you from another quarter Marshall's 11 puns and Ryder's 12 jokes. Hacket 13 fiercely rates the porter ; Laugh on slightly, Master Stokes. 14 " Hodgkinson, 15 demurely seated, Views with scorn the babbling crowd. Lysaght' s waggish temper treated ; Lysaght pert, and Lysaght proud. " Like the many tongues of Babel, Thus the Bachelors are known ; Leave me, then, the Freshman's table, Where our knives are heard alone." 1 Mark Lowther, Scholar, 1779. 10 Michael, Scholar, 1781. 2 Samuel, , 1780. 11 Thomas, 1777. 3 John Dory, , 1780. 12 St. John, 1781. 4 Henry, , 1781. 13 Edward, 1781. 5 Frederick, , 1780. * Whitley, 1781. 6 James, 1780. [Henry and Gabriel were 1 Robert, , 1780. Scholars of the same 8 John, , 1780. year.] [Afterwards M.D.] 15 John, Scholar, 1779. 9 Edward, Scholar. 1782. (332 ) UNIVERSITY RECORDS OF SOME OF THE WELL-KNOWN MEMBERS OF THE COLLEGE DURING THE SEVENTEENTH AND EIGHTEENTH CENTURIES. IT may be interesting to inquire what the College records inform us as to the Undergraduate career of the eminent men who were edu- cated in Trinity College during the first two centuries of its University work. It must be remembered that no records of Terms or Examina- tions during the first century of the existence of the College have been preserved. The Senior Lecturer's books, which contain an account of the attendance of the Students at the Term Examinations, and of their answering, were not kept until the middle of the eighteenth century. The old Senior Lecturers, however, filled up in their own hand- writing a series of books in which were entered the names and the Christian names of all who were admitted into the College as Students, the names and professions of their fathers, the place of their own birth, their age at entrance, the date of their admission, the name of the schoolmaster who had educated them, and of their College Tutors. The oldest of these books which remains begins in January, 1637-8, and continues to November, 1644. The entries then ceased, and they were not resumed until January, 1652 ; from which day to the present there is a continued record of the admission of Students. The following list of the most notable Students of the College, the details of whose College work are not contained in the previous chapters, are given in alphabetical order : ARCHDALL, MERVYN, author of the Monasticon Hilernicum. B.A. 1774. / ASHE, ST. GEORGE (son of Thomas Ashe). Entered November 14, 1671, aged about fourteen years ; born in the county of Roscommon ; educated by Mr. Norris; College Tutor, Mr. Poy. He was elected a Scholar 1674, andPellow 1679 ; B.A. 1676 ; M.A. 1679 ; B.D. 1687 ; D.D. 1692 ; Donegal Lecturer and Professor of Mathematics 1685 ; Senior Fellow 1686; Provost 1692; Bishop of Cloyne 1695 ; of Clogher 1697 ; of Deny 1716. Bishop Ashe died 1718. University Records. 333 BAKER, GEORGE. B.A. 1629; M.A. 1633; Fellow 1634; B.D. and D.D. 1661 ; Bishop of Waterford and Lismore 1660. Died 1665. BALDWIN, KICHAED. Scholar 1686; B.A. 1689; M.A. 1692; Fellow 1693; B.D. and D.D. 1706; Provost 1717. He entered as Pensioner, April 29, 1684, at the age of sixteen. He was the son of Richard Baldwin of Athy, where he was born. He was educated at Kilkenny College, under Mr. Hinton. Died in 1758. BARNARD, THOMAS (son of Eight Rev. William Barnard) ; born in Surrey. Admitted as a Fellow Commoner October 24, 1743, at the age of sixteen ; educated by Dr. Nichols ; College Tutor, Mr. Holt. M.A. 1750 ; D.D. 1761 ; Bishop of Limerick. BARRY, JAMES. B.A. 1621 ; M.A. 1624; afterwards Lord Chief Jus- tice of the King's Bench, and Baron Santry. He was a learned and distinguished lawyer. He published The Reasons and Judg- ments upon Defective Titles, entitled The Case of Tenure: Dublin, 1637. BERKELEY, GEORGE (Bishop of Cloyne). Entered March 25, 1700, at the age of fif teen, under Dr. Hall, the Yice-Provost, as his Tutor. He was the son of William Berkeley, Esq. ; born in the county of Kilkenny, and educated at Kilkenny College by Dr. Hinton ; Scholar 1702; B.A. 1704 ; Fellow 1707; B.D. and D.D. 1722. Berkeley's principal works, which were published when he was a Fellow, were Arithmetica dbsque Algebra, aut Euclide demonstrata, 1707 ; A New Theory of Vision, 1709 ; Principles of Human Know- ledge, 1710; Dialogues between Hylas and Philonous, 1713. He was elected Sub-Lecturer in 1710, and Junior Dean in 1710 and 1711, and Junior Greek Lecturer in 1712. In January, 1713, he went to England, on leave of absence obtained by a Royal Letter, and returned to the College in 1721. He had been co-opted to a Senior Fellowship in 1717, during his absence. On his return, in 1721, he was elected to Archbishop King's Lectureship in Divinity, then an annual office; and in 1722 he was elected Senior Greek Lecturer and Senior Proctor. In 1724 he accepted the College livings of Ardtrea and Arboe, which he resigned to the Crown upon his being appointed Dean of Derry in the same year. He was consecrated Bishop of Cloyne in 1733, and died in 1753. BOTJRKE, JOSEPH (son of John Bourke, Esq.). Admitted June 8, 1751, aged fourteen ; born in the county of Kildare ; educated by Mr. Davis; College Tutor, Mr. Murray. Afterwards Archbishop of Tuaui. 334 University Records. BOYLE, EOGEK. D.D. 1664 ; Bishop of Down and Connor 1667; Bishop of Clogher. Harris, in his edition of Ware, states that he was the youngest brother of Richard Boyle, Bishop of Ferns, and a Fellow until the Rebellion of 1641. He was elected Fellow again by King's Letter in 1646. His writings were Inquisitio in Fidem Christianorum hujus Scecuti: Dublin, 1665; and Summa Theologiee Christiana, Dublin, 1681. He died in 1687. BRADY, NICHOLAS. B.A. 1685; M.A. 1686; D.D. 1699. He was born in 1659 at Bandon, and educated at Westminster School; whence he proceeded to Oxford, and he migrated to Dublin. Brady was, in connexion with Nahum Tate, the author of the New Metrical Version of the Psalms, so long used in the Church of England. He held several appointments in the Church in England, and died in 1726. BROOKE, HENRY, was admitted a Pensioner in 1698, at the age of six- teen. He was born in the county of Cavan, and was the son of an apothecary in that town, at which place he was educated by Mr. Breu. He was elected Scholar in 1701, and admitted B.A. in 1702, and M.A. in 1705. Brooke was the author of Gustavus Vasa, and The Earl of Essex, and of the well-known novel, The Fool of Quality. BROWNE, GEORGE. Entered January 3, 1666-7, aged seventeen years. He was the son of Henry Browne; born in Northumberland; educated by Mr. Tennison ; College Tutor, George Walker. Scholar 1667 ; B.A. 1671 ; Fellow 1673 ; M.A. 1674 ; B.D. 1682 ; D.D. 1692 ; Provost 1695. He died in 1699. BROWNE, PETER. Entered in 1682, under Mr. Scraggs. He was born in the county of Dublin, and the son of Richard Browne. Edu- cated by Mr. Crowe. B.A. 1686; M.A. 1691 ; elected Fellow 1692 ; B.D. and D.D. 1699 ; Provost 1699 ; Bishop of Cork 1710. Died 1735. He was an eminent metaphysical writer, and, among other works, he was the author of The Procedure, Extent, and Limits of the Human Understanding ; Answer to Toland's Chris- tianity not Mysterious ; Things Divine and Supernatural conceived ly Analogy with things Natural and Human. BULKELEY, SIR RICHARD (son of Sir Richard Bulkeley). Entered the College in 1676, at the age of fifteen, under Dr. Palliser as College Tutor. He was great-grandson of Launcelot Bulkeley, Archbishop of Dublin. B.A. 1680; M.A. 1681; Fellow 1681. (See Lodge's Peerage, vol. iii. p. 40 ; vol. v. pp. 24, 25 ; and University Records. 335 Ware's Writers, p. 263.) An account of his connexion with the French Prophets will be found in Rutt's Life of Calamy, 2nd ed., p. 75. He resigned his Fellowship in 1682, and died in 1710. BURKE, EDMUND (son of John Burke, Gentleman). Admitted April 14, 1744, aged fifteen; born in Dublin; educated by Mr. Shak- leton; College Tutor, Dr. Pellesier. Scholar 1746; B.A. 1748. BUERIDGE, EZEKIEL, was born in Cork, and entered as a Sizar in 1679. His College Tutor was Mr. Foley. Elected Scholar 1683 ; B.A. 1684; M.A. 1687; LL.D. 1702. He was afterwards Vicar- General of Connor and of Dublin. For his writings see Ware's Writers, p. 265. Richard Burridge, however, and not Ezekiel, translated Locke's Essay into Latin De Intellectu Humano. BUSHE, CHARLES KENDAL (son of Rev. Thomas Bushe) ; born 1767. Entered in 1782, at the age of fifteen. Scholar 1785, having, it is stated, been awarded eight first best marks. Chief Justice of Ireland. CHANDLER, EDWARD (son of Samuel Chandler) ; born in Dublin. Admitted in 1682, aged sixteen, under Mr. St. George Ashe ; educated by Mr. Torway. Scholar 1683; B.A. 1686; M.A. 1688. He was afterwards Bishop of Durham. CLAYTON, ROBERT (son of Dr. Robert Clayton, Dean of Kildare) ; born 1695. B.A. and Fellow, 1714, at the age of nineteen; Senior Fellow 1724; resigned in 1728, on his marriage to Catherine, daughter of Chief Baron Donnelan, whose brother, Christopher Donnelan, was elected a Fellow on his resignation; Bishop of Killaloe in 1729; of Cork in 1733; and of Clogher in 1745. Bishop Clayton was a well-known preacher, and the author of several theological works, the principal of which was An Essay on Spirit, published in 1751, and A Vindication of the Histories of the Old and New Testament, in three parts, the last of which was published in 1757. These works were supposed to be largely tainted with Arianism ; indeed Bishop Clayton proposed in February, 1756, in the Irish House of Lords, that the Mcene and Athanasian Creeds should be expunged from the Liturgy of the Church of Ireland. His views on theological subjects so offended the Church, that he was summoned to attend before the Irish bishops to answer for them ; but before he could appear he was seized by a nervous fever, of which he died in February, 1758. Bishop Clayton was amiable and charitable. He had large means; for in addition to his episcopal income he had inherited, in 1728, the family estates at Fulwood in Lancashire. 336 University Records. COGHILL, MARMADUKE. Entered as a Fellow Commoner 1687 ; B.A. and LL.B. 1691 ; LL.D. 1695. Dr. Coghill was representative of the University in Parliament from 1713 to 1739. CONGREVE, WILLIAM (son of William Congreve, Gentleman, of Youghal). Entered April 5, 1685, at the age of sixteen. He is stated to have been born at Bardsagrang [Bardsay], in the county of York. He was educated at Kilkenny College, under Mr. Hinton, and was admitted M.A. in 1696. He was the author of The Old Bachelor, written when he was nineteen years of age ; also of The Double Dealer ; Love for Love ; The Way of the World ; and The Mourning Bride. Of Congreve Lord Macaulay remarks in his Essay on The Comic Dramatists of the Restoration " His learning does great honour to his instructors. From his writings it appears, not only that he was well acquainted with Latin literature, but that his knowledge of the Greek poets was such as was not in his time common in a college." There was also a William Congreve elected a Scholar in 1673, whose entrance is not recorded. CRIGAN, CLAUDIUS (Sizar). Admitted June 9, 1757 ; educated by Mr. Wainwright; College Tutor, Dr. Knight. Scholar 1759; B.A. 1761 ; Bishop of Sodor and Man. CURRAN, JOHN PHILPOT. Entered as Sizar June 16, 1767. He was educated at Midleton. His College Tutor was Mr. Dobbin. Scholar 1770; B.A. 1771. Afterwards Eight Hon. J. P. Curran, Master of the Rolls. DANIEL (or O'DONNELL), WILLIAM, was one of the first Scholars at the foundation of the College. He was afterwards a Fellow and D.D. He became Treasurer of St. Patrick's and Archbishop of Tuam in 1609. Dr. Daniel translated the New Testament from Greek into Irish: this was printed in 1602, and afterwards reprinted in 1681. He also translated the Book of Common Prayer into Irish, which was printed in 1608. DAVIS, ROWLAND (son of Rowland Davis). Entered in 1665-6, aged fifteen. He was born in Cork, and educated by Mr. Scraggs. His College Tutor was Michael Ward. He was admitted M.A. in 1672, and afterwards LL.D. He became Dean and Vicar-General of Cork, and was the author of sundry controversial works, for which see Ware, p. 272. DELANY, PATRICK (son of Denis Delany, farmer). Entered the College as a Pensioner September 13, 1702, aged sixteen ; born at Rath- University Records. 337 crea in King's County, 1685 ; educated at Athy by Mr. Dalton ; College Tutor, Mr. Baldwin. Scholar 1704 ; Fellow 1709 ; Senior Fellow 1719 ; resigned on taking the College living of Derryvullan 1728; Chancellor of Christ's Church Cathedral 1727; of St. Patrick's Cathedral 1732 ; Dean of Down 1744. Died in 1768. Dean Delany was well known as one of the ablest preachers of his time ; and he was the author of several works, mostly theo- logical, the principal of which was the Life and Reign of King David, 3 vols., 1740-1742. Dean Delany is frequently mentioned in Primate Boulter's letters, 1770 : vol. i. pp. 48, 54, 58 ; vol. ii. pp. 20, 67; and in Swift's Works. See Watt's BiUiotheca Britannica. DODWELL, HENRY. Entered Trinity College in 1655. His College Tutor was Dr. Stearne. He was born in Dublin, in October, 1641, about a week after the massacre began. He was educated in Dublin by Dr. Henry Dodwell, his uncle. He was elected a Fellow in 1662; but he resigned his Fellowship in 1666, as he objected to enter into Holy Orders. He must have taken his Master's Degree in 1663; and it is stated that he several times delivered ''Commonplaces" as a layman in the College Chapel. He was elected Camdcn Professor by the University of Oxford in 1688 ; but being a Non-Juror, he was obliged to resign this office in 1691. He died in 1717,* at Shottesbrooke, in Berks. His life was written by Francis Brokesley. Dodwell was the author of many learned works, a list of which may be seen in "Watt's Bibliotheca Britannica, and in Ware's Writers, p. 265. Dodwell did not forget Trinity College, for in 1688 he contributed 10 to the new building. DONNELLAN, JAMES. B.A. 1612 ; M.A. and Fellow 1613 ; M.P. for the University 1628 ; Third Justice 1627 ; Chief Justice for the Province of Connaght 1637. DOPPING, ANTHONY. Scholar and B.A. 1660; Fellow 1662; Senior Fellow 1668; B.D. 1669; D.D. 1672; Bishop of Kildare 1678, * The following account of Dodwell is given in the Reliquice Hearniance, 2nd edition, vol. i. pp. 227, 228 : " He was of a small stature of body, but vigorous and healthy ; of a brisk, facetious constitution ; always chearf ull, even in the worst of times. He was humble and modest to a fault. His learning was above the common reach. His distemper was a cough. . . . He knew not what pain was, and would not submit to the dictates and rules prescribed by physicians. I take him to be the greatest Scholar in Europe when he died ; but what exceeds that, his piety and sanctity was beyond compare." Z 338 University Records. and of Meath 1681, when he was appointed Yice-Chancellor of the University, in succession to Bishop Ward. Dopping was born in Dublin in March, 1643. His first education was at the School of St. Patrick's Cathedral. He entered College at twelve years of age, and was elected a Fellow at nineteen. He died in Dublin in April, 1697. For an account of his Works see Ware, pp. 257, 258. In 1689, by the exertions of Bishop Dopping with the Governor of Dublin (Luttrell), an order to imprison the Students of Trinity College was countermanded, with the condi- tion, however, that no three of them should meet together on pain of death (see King's State of the Protestants, sec. Ixxx.). On the arrival of King William at Finglas, after the Battle of the Boyne, Dopping accompanied the other bishops to address the King ; and the address, which is his composition, is preserved in the College Library. DOWNES, DIVE (son of Rev. Lewis) ; born at Thornby in Northamp- tonshire ; educated by Mr. Haslome. Entered Trinity College June 29, 1668, under Dr. Sheridan as College Tutor; B.A. 1671 ; M.A. and Fellow 1675 ; D.D. 1692 ; Archdeacon of Dublin 1690 ; Bishop of Cork 1699. Died 1709. FARQUHAR, GEORGE. Entered as a Sizar July 17, 1694, aged seven- teen. He was son of the Eev. William Farquhar, and was born in Londonderry, and educated there by Mr. Walker. His College Tutor was Dr. Lloyd. He left College without taking a Degree, and became a well-known dramatist in London. He was the author of The Beaux Stratagem. FITZGIBBON, JOHN. Admitted as a Fellow Commoner June 6, 1763 ; educated by Mr. Ball; College Tutor, Mr. Law; B.A. 1767. Afterwards Earl of Clare and Lord Chancellor of Ireland. FLOOD, HENRY (son of Warden Flood, Gentleman) ; aged fifteen ; born in Dublin; educated by Mr. Butler; admitted December 22, 1747 ; Tutor, Mr. Martin. FOLEY, SAMUEL. Entered as a Fellow Commoner in 1672. He was educated at Kilkenny College by Mr. Edward Jones. He took the Degree of B.A. in 1675, and was elected a Fellow in 1677. He was admitted M.A. in 1678, and D.D. in 1691. He was con- secrated Bishop of Down and Connor in 1694. Dr. Foley was the author of sundry sermons, and of An Account of the Giant's Causeway in the Philosophical Transactions, 1694. See Ware's Writers, p. 253. He died in 1695. University Records. 339 FORSTER, NICHOLAS. Entered in 1687, at thirteen years of age. Son of William Forster of Dublin; born in Dublin, and educated there by Mr. Torway; College Tutor, Mr. Scraggs. B.A. 1692; Fellow 1694; M.A/1695 ; D.D. 1707; Bishop of Killaloe 1714, and of Baphoe 1716. Died 1743. FOSTER, JOHN. Admitted as a Fellow Commoner February 1, 1757, at the age of sixteen. Born in the county of Dublin ; son of Anthony Foster, barrister ; educated by Mr. Morris ; College Tutor, Dr. Grace. B.A. 1760. Afterwards Speaker of the Irish House of Commons, and Baron Oriel. For, NATHANIEL. Scholar 1663; Fellow and M.A. 1671; Bector of Baymochy 1678 ; Bishop of Waterford 1691. Died 1707. FRANCIS, PHILIP (son of Bev. John Francis) ; aged seventeen ; born in Dublin ; educated by Mr. Sheridan ; College Tutor, Mr. Thomp- son ; admitted April 20, 1723. B.A. 1728. Translator of Horace. His son was Sir Philip Francis. GAST, JOHN. Admitted 1731, aged fifteen. Born in Dublin ; educated by Dr. Lloyd ; College Tutor, Dr. Gilbert, Yice-Provost. Scholar 1734; B.A. 1735; M.A. 1738; D.D. 1765. Dr. Gast was the author of the History of Greece. GILBERT, CLAUDIUS (son of Claudius Gilbert, a clergyman of Belfast). Entered March 23, 1686, aged sixteen years. Born in Belfast, and educated there by Mr. Gordon ; College Tutor, Mr. Dive Downes. B.A. 1691; Fellow 1693; M.A. 1693; D.D. and LL.D. 1706; Professor of Divinity 1722; Yice-Provost 1717; Bector of Ard- straw 1735. Died 1742. Dr. Gilbert bequeathed to the College his library, with all his medals, coins, and mathematical instru- ments, valued at 12,000 ; also 550 for a lending library, 50 to needy Students, 500 to purchase busts for the Library, 50 for Communion plate, 500 towards building a new steeple, and 800 to purchase advowsons for the College. GOLDSMITH, OLIVER. Admitted as Sizar 1744, aged fourteen years ; sou of the Bev. Charles Goldsmith ; born in "Westmeath ; edu- cated by Mr. Hughes; College Tutor, Mr. Wilder. B.A. 1750. He was the celebrated poet, and the author of the Vicar of Wakefield. GHATTAX, HENRY. Admitted as Fellow Commoner November 1, 1763. He obtained first place out of eighteen admitted at that examina- tion. He was educated by Dr. Campbell; College Tutor, Mr. Law. B.A. 1767. Afterwards Bight Hon. Henry Grattan, M.P. Z 2 340 University Records. HARRIS, WALTER. Entered January 9, 1705, aged seventeen; son of Hopton Harris, Currier; born at Mountmellick, Queen' s County ; educated at Kilkenny by Mr. Andrews ; College Tutor, Mr. Baldwin. Editor of Ware's Antiquities and Irish Writers. LL.D. (honoris causa] 1753. HAWKEY, JOHN (son of John Hawkey, King's Prison Keeper). Entered as a Pensioner June 20, 1720, aged sixteen. He was born in Looe in England ; educated at Leicester by Mr. Spare ; College Tutor, Mr. Gilbert, Vice-Provost. Scholar 1723; B.A. 1725. He was afterwards editor of the works of Horace, Juvenal, Sallust, Terence, and Virgil. HELSHAM, RICHARD. Entered as a Pensioner June 18, 1698. He was son of Joshua Helsham. Born at Kilkenny, and educated at Kilkenny College by Dr. Hinton. His College Tutor was Mr. Baldwin. Scholar 1700 ; B.A. 1702 ; Fellow 1704 ; M.A. 1705. Helsham held a Medical Fellowship, and was Donegal Lecturer from 1723 to 1730; Professor of Natural Philosophy from 1724 to 1738 ; and Regius Professor of Physic from 1733 to 1738. He resigned his Senior Fellowship in 1730. Dr. Helsham' s Lectures on Natural Philosophy continued to be a text-book in the College for nearly a century. HOWARD, ROBERT. Educated in Dublin by Mr. Jones. Entered the College at the age of fourteen, on April 13, 1697, under Mr. Elwood. B.A. 1701; Fellow and M.A. 1703 ; D.D. 1716; Senior Fellow 1714; resigned 1722; Bishop of Killala 1726; and of Elphin 1729. Died 1740. Bishop Howard was the son of Ralph Howard, M.D., Regius Professor of Physic (1674) ; and he was the father of Ralph Howard, created Viscount Wicklow. JONES, HENRY (son of Lewis Jones, Bishop of Killaloe). B.A. 1621 ; M.A. 1624; Bishop of Clogher, and afterwards of Meath ; Vice- Chancellor 1646, and to the Restoration. In 1651 he gave 400 to improve the old Library ; and the staircase which leads to the gallery in the present Library was his gift, and removed when the old building was demolished. KING, WILLIAM (son of James King). Entered as a Sizar in 1667, aged eighteen years. Born in Antrim ; educated by Mr. Dilgurdno ; College Tutor, Mr. Christian. Scholar 1667 ; appointed by the Archbishop of Dublin ; M.A. 1673; D.D. 1688. King, when in College, was a close friend of Dodwell, who instructed him in history and logic. At the demise of Dr. Ward, the Provost, he University Records. 341 became a candidate for Fellowship, but failed to obtain it. His great work was De Origine Mali, Dublin, 1702. A list of his theological works is given in Harris's Ware, p. 290. Dr. King was Chancellor of St. Patrick's 1679; in 1688 President of Chapter of that Cathedral ; Bishop of Deny, 1691 ; Archbishop of Dublin 1703. Died 1729. LAWSON, JOHN. Entered as a Sizar June 1, 1727, at the age of seven- teen. He was the son of the Rev. Alexander Lawson ; born at Magherafelt, county Londonderry, and educated at Monaghan by Mr. MacMahon. His College Tutor was Dr. Gilbert, Vice- Provost. He was elected a Scholar in 1729, and Fellow in 1735 ; B.A. 1731 ; D.D. 1745. He was Professor of Oratory, and also of Divinity, in 1753. Died in 1759. LEDWICH, EDWAKD (son of James Ledwich, Merchant), was admitted November 22, 1755, at the age of sixteen. He was born in the county of Tipperary ; educated by Mr. Harwood ; College Tutor, Mr. Murray. B.A. 1760 ; LL.B. 1763. He was the author of the Antiquities of Ireland. LESLIE, CHAHLES (son of Dr. J. Leslie, Bishop of Clogher). Entered 1664; M.A. 1673. He was considered the leading man among the Non-Jurors. For his works, which are very numerous, see Harris's Ware, vol. ii. p. 284. Died 1722. LLOYD (or FLOYD), WILLIAM (a native of Anglesea). Entered 1666; Scholar 1667; Fellow (by mandamus) 1672; M.A. 1673; Bishop of Killala 1 690. Died 1716. LOFTUS, DUDLEY (great-grandson of Archbishop Loftus), is stated by Ware, vol. ii. p. 254, to have been educated in Trinity College, and to have taken his Degree there before he went to Oxford. For his life and works, see Ware, as above. MADDEN, SAMUEL (son of Samuel Madden,* M.D.). Entered in 1701, aged twelve years. Born in Dublin ; educated by Mr. Barbone ; College Tutor, Mr. Coningsby. Author of the Plan of Premiums at the Term Examinations. One of the Founders of the Royal Dublin Society. He was the author of several works. * From John Madden, M.D., 1682, a brother of Dr. Samuel Madden, there was the following lineal descent : 1. John Madden, Fellow, 1710 ; 2. his son, Samuel Madden, B.A. 1752 ; 3. Nicholas Dodgson Madden, B.A. 1800 ; 4. Hugh Hamil- ton Madden, B.A. 1827 ; 5. Dodgson Hamilton Madden, Scholar 1860, M.P. for the University. 342 University Records. MALONE, ANTHONY (born at Grangemore, county of Westmeath). Entered as a Fellow Commoner in 1717, at the age of fifteen. He had been educated in Dublin by Mr. Young. His College Tutor was Dr. Gilbert, the Yice-Provost. He afterwards mi- grated to Christ Church, Oxford. He received the Honorary Degree of LL.D. in 1737. MALONE, EDMUND (the editor of Shakespeare). Entered July 5, 1757 ; educated by Mr. Ford; College Tutor, Mr. Martin. B.A. 1762 ; Scholar in 1760. M ALONE, RICHARD (a very able lawyer). Entered April 7, 1722. MAN, ISAAC, was admitted a Pensioner on March 19, 1728, at the age of fifteen. He was son of Samuel Man, Gentleman; born at Norwich, and educated there by Mr. Roderigton. His College Tutor was Dr. Gilbert. Scholar 1730 ; B.A. 1732 ; M.A. 1735 ; D.D. 1745. Dr. Man was afterwards Bishop of Cork.- MAULEY, RICHARD. Admitted October 31, 1743, at the age of fifteen ; born in Dublin. B.A. 1749 ; M.A. 1752; afterwards Bishop of Waterford. MAXWELL, ROBEET. B.A. 1616; Fellow 1617; M.A. 1619; Rector of Clonoe and Arboe, 1619 ; Bishop of Kilmore 1643. Grand- father of the first Lord Farnham. For some Latin verses of his, composed on the death of Dr. Stearne, see De Obstinatione, written by Stearne, and edited by H. Dodwell, Dublin. In 1661 he gave 200 for additional buildings. A very interesting account of the life of Bishop Maxwell will be found in the Sermons of William Sheridan, Bishop of Kilmore, vol. ii., p. 369 : London, 1705. MOLESWOETH, ROBEET. Entered as a Fellow Commoner under Mr. Pullein in 1672, aged seventeen. He was educated in Dublin by Richard Ryder. B.A. in 1675. MOLYNEUX, THOMAS (son of Samuel Molyneux). Entered as a Fellow Commoner in 1676, aged fifteen. He was born in Dublin, and educated there by Mr. Ryder. His College Tutor was Mr. Palliser. B.A. 1680; M.D. 1687. MOLYNEUX, WILLIAM (son of Samuel Molyneux). Entered as a Fellow Commoner in 1670, at the age of fifteen. He was born in Dublin. Mr. Palliser was his College Tutor. B.A. 1674; LL.D. 1693 ; Member for the University 1692. Molyneux carried on for many years a close correspondence with John University Records. 343 Locke ; and lie was the author of many philosophical and scien- tific treatises, and of the well-known Case of Ireland's leing bound by Acts of Parliament made in England. MULLIN, ALAN. Entered as a Sizar 1671, aged eighteen. B.A. 1676 ; M.D. 1684. An eminent physician ; author of sundry anatomical Essays and medical Papers in the Philosophical Transactions. The most important of these Papers was that in which he de- scribed the vascularity of the lens of the eye, to the discovery of which he appears to have been led by the dissection of an elephant. O'GRADY, STANDISH (son of Demetrius O'Grady). Entered as a Fellow Commoner in 1780, at the age of sixteen; privately educated ; College Tutor, Dr. Waller. B.A. 1784. Afterwards Chief Baron and Viscount Guillamore. PALLISEE, WILLIAM (son of John Palliser). Entered in 1660, aged fourteen ; born in Yorkshire ; educated at Northallerton by Thomas Smith. Fellow 1668. His last pupil entered July 9, 1679. Professor of Divinity 1678 ; D.D. 1679 ; Bishop of Cloyne 1692 ; Archbishop of Cashel 1694. Died 1726. PARKELL, THOMAS (the celebrated poet). Entered the College in 1693, aged twelve years, under Mr. Owen Lloyd. He was the son of Thomas Parnell, Esq., and born in Dublin, and educated thereby Mr. Jones. B.A. 1697; M.A. 1700; D.D. 1712. His life was written by Oliver Goldsmith, who states that few could equal Parnell as a classical scholar. Parnell was promoted to the Archdeaconry of Clogher in 1705 by Bishop St. George Ashe. PAEEY, EDWAED. B.A. 1620 ; Fellow 1624 ; Dean of Lismore 1640 ; Bishop of Killaloe 1647. For his writings see Ware, p. 122. PLUNKET, WILLIAM C. (son of the Rev. Thomas Plunket). Admitted as a Pensioner in 1779, aged fifteen ; born in Fermanagh ; educated by Mr. Kerr ; College Tutor, Mr. Day. Scholar 1782; B.A. 1784 ; LL.B. 1787 ; LL.D. 1799 ; Representative of the Univer- sity 1812 ; Lord Plunket and Lord Chancellor of Ireland 1827. POOLEY, JOHN. Scholar 1667; Fellow 1670; D.D. 1692; Dean of Ossory 1674; Bishop of Cloyne 1697; of Raphoe 1702. Died 1712. Bishop Pooley was put into confinement in Dublin Castle in 1709, for protesting in the House of Lords against an adjourn- ment to a holiday. 344 University Records. PRICE, THOMAS. B.A. 1623; Fellow 1626; M.A. 1628; Bishop of Kildare 1661; Archbishop of Cashel 1667. Died 1685. PULLEN, TOBIAS (son of Joshua Pullen). Entered the College in 1663, aged sixteen, under Dr. Walker. He was born at Middleham in Yorkshire, and educated at Galway by Mr. Griffith. Scholar 1668 ; FeUow 1671 ; D.D. 1688 ; Rector of Tullyaughnish 1677 ; Bishop of Cloyne 1694; of Dromore 1695. Died 1713. See Ware's Writers, p. 288. SCOTT, JOHN (son of Thomas Scott, Gentleman), was admitted April 26, 1756, at the age of sixteen. He was born in Tipperary, and educated by Mr. Harwood ; College Tutor, Mr. Murray. He was elected Scholar 1758; B.A. 1760. John Scott was afterwards Chief Justice of the Queen's Bench, and Earl of Clonmel. SHERIDAN, THOMAS (son of Patrick Sheridan). Born in Cavan; edu- cated in Dublin under Dr. Jones. Entered in 1706, aged twenty ; B.A. 1711 ; M.A. 1714; D.D. 1726. SHERIDAN THOMAS (son of Rev. Denis Sheridan). Born near Trim. Entered the College January 17, 1661, at the age of fourteen. B.A. 1664; Fellow 1667. SHERIDAN, WILLIAM (son of the Rev. Denis Sheridan). Born at Togher, county Cavan, and deprived, as a Non-Juror, of the See of Kil- more in the third year of William and Mary; is stated by Harris in his edition of Ware to have been educated in the University of Dublin, where he took the Degree of D.D. He was the author of numerous sermons (see Ware, vol. ii. p. 270). He entered as a Fellow Commoner in 1652, aged seventeen years; educated by Messrs. Sheridan, Badlow, and Wilson ; College Tutor, Mr. Travers. SKELTON, PHILIP. Admitted as a Sizar June 2, 1724, at the age of eighteen. He was the son of Richard Skelton ; born at Derry- acky, near Lisburn, and educated at Lisburn by Dr. Clarke. His College Tutor was Dr. Delany. Scholar 1726 ; B.A. 1728. Skelton's Works, in 6 vols., were published in London in 1824, and his life was written by Samuel Burdy. SMITH, EDWARD (son of William Smith). Entered May 2, 1681, aged fifteen, under Mr. Foley as College Tutor. He was born in the county of Cork, and educated by Mr. Wilson. He was elected a Fellow in 1684, at the age of nineteen ; co-opted a Senior Fellow in 1690, although he was then absent in Smyrna. He was University Records. 345 Chaplain to William III. ; Dean of St. Patrick's 1695 ; Bishop of Down and Connor 1699. Died 1720. He was the author of several memoirs in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, and of some sermons. See Harris's edition of Ware, vol. ii. p. 273. Vice- Chancellor of the University 1697. SOUTHEENE, THOMAS (son of Francis Southerne). Entered the College in 1676, at the age of sixteen, under Mr. Giles Pooley as College Tutor. He was born in the county of Dublin, and educated by Dr. Edward Whetenhall. M.A. 1696. Southerne was the well-known dramatist, author of Oronooko, &c. STEAENE, JOHN. Born at Ardbraccan, county Meath, November 26, 1624 ; educated at Greenane by Mr. Burne. Entered the College in 1639, under Mr. Hatfield; Fellow 1652; M.D. 1658. Dr. Stearne was the Founder of the College of Physicians in Dublin, and died November 18, 1669. STEARISTE, JOHN (son of Dr. Stearne). Entered the College in 1674, at the age of fourteen. His College Tutor was Mr. Barbour. B.A. 1678; M.A. 1681; D.D. 1693. He was Bishop of Drom ore, and afterwards, in 1717, Bishop of Clogher, and Yice- Chancellor in 1721, and died in 1743. For an account of his works see Ware, vol. ii. p. 263. STOCK, JOSEPH. Entered October 16, 1756, aged fifteen ; son of Luke Stock; born in the county of Dublin; educated by Mr. Gast ; College Tutor, Mr. Hastings. Scholar 1759; B.A. 1761; Fellow 1763; Eector of Conwall ]779; Bishop of Killala 1798; Bishop of Waterford 1810. Dr. Stock edited " Select Orations of De- mosthenes and^Eschines," " Selections from Lucian and Tacitus," with notes. He also published new translations, with notes, of the books of Isaiah and of Job. Died 1813. STOPFOED, JAMES (the friend of Pulteney, Bolingbroke, and Swift). Admitted as a Pensioner April 6, 1711, aged thirteen; son of Joseph Stopf ord, Officer in the Army ; born in London ; educated at Wexford by Mr. Miller ; College Tutor, Dr. Helsham. Scholar 1713 ; B.A. 1715 ; Fellow 1717 ; Vicar of Finglas 1727 ; Bishop of Cloyne 1753. Died 1789. His son, James Stopford, was a Scholar in 1749, and a Fellow in 1753, and his grandson, Joseph Stopford, a Fellow in 1790. See Burke's Peerage: Earl of Courtown. 346 University Records. SWIFT, JONATHAN (Dean of St. Patrick's) ; son of Jonathan Swift ; born in Dublin ; educated by Mr. Ryder at Kilkenny College. Entered the College in 1682, at the age of fourteen, under St. George Ashe as College Tutor. B.A. 1686 ; B.D. and D.D. 1702. SYNGE (or SING), EDWARD, son of Rev. Edward Sing (afterwards Arch- bishop of Tuam) ; born in Cork. Entered June 13, 1706, aged fourteen ; educated in Cork by Mr. Mulloy. B.A. 1709 ; Fellow 1710 ; M.A. 1712 ; D.D. 1728 ; Bishop of Clonfert 1730 ; Cloyne, 1731 ; Eerns 1733 ; Elphin 1740. Archbishop Synge, his father, was a well-known writer in the early part of the last century. His Works, in 4 vols., were published in London in 1759. TATE, FAITHFUL. B.A. 1621 ; M.A. 1624. He was the author of several theological works. TATE (or TEAT), NAHUM (Poet Laureate, 1692); son oi; the Rev. Faithful Tate. Entered the College June 20, 1668, aged sixteen, under Mr. Walker as his College Tutor. He was born in Dublin, and educated in Belfast by Mr. Savage. Scholar 1672 ; B.A. 1672. TOLEE, JOHN, was admitted December 2, 1756, at the age of fifteen. He was the son of Daniel Toler, and born in the county of Tip- perary ; educated by Dr. Howson ; College Tutor, Mr. Andrews. B.A. 1761 ; M.A. 1766. Afterwards Lord Norbury, and Chief Justice of the Common Pleas. TOPLADY, AUGUSTUS MONTAGUE. Entered July 11, 1755; educated at Westminster School; College Tutor, Mr. Leland. B.A. 1760. Toplady was the well-known composer of Hymns. USSHEE, JAMES. Born in Dublin January 4, 1580-1. Dr. Bernard states that he was the first Scholar enrolled in the books of the College. He was a Fellow of the College, and took the Degree of M.A. in 1600, B.D. in 1607, when he was appointed Professor of Divinity, which post he held for fourteen years. He took the Degree of D.D. in 1612 ; Vice-Chancellor 1614 ; Bishop of Meath 1620 ; Archbishop of Armagh 1624. He died in 1656. USSHEK, ROBERT. Fellow 1611; B.A. 1612; M.A. 1614; Provost 1629 ; Bishop of Kildare 1635. Died 1642. WARD, MICHAEL (afterwards Provost) ; son of Richard Ward ; born at Newport, Salop ; educated there by Mr. Clerk ; admitted a Student September 22, 1656, at the age of thirteen years; Col- lege Tutor, Dr. Stearne. B.A. and Scholar 1660 ; Fellow 1662 ; Vice-Chancellor and Bishop of Ossory 1678; Bishop of Derry 1679. Died 1681. University Records. 347 WARE, JAMES (son of Sir James "Ware, Secretary to the Lord Deputy, Lord Fitzwilliam) ; was born in Dublin in November, 1794, and was admitted a Student of Trinity College at the age of sixteen, under the care of Dr. Martin, afterwards Bishop of Meath. He took the Degree of M.A. in 1616. He wrote largely on historical and biographical subjects ; and his works were afterwards con- tinued and edited by Harris. WESTLEY, HON. GARRETT (son of Right Hon. Richard Westley). Entered October 9, 1751. He was educated by Mr. Disney; College Tutor, Dr. Disney. B.A. 1754 ; M.A. 1757 ; Mus. Dr. 1764. He was afterwards Earl of Mornington, first Professor of Music in the University. WILSON, THOMAS (son of Nathaniel Wilson). -Entered as a Sizar in 1682, at the age of eighteen. He was born in Cheshire, and educated by Mr. Harpur. His College Tutor was Mr. Barton. Wilson was elected a Scholar in 1683. He took the Degree of B.A. in 1686, and of M.A. in 1696. Wilson was ordained a Deacon by the Bishop of Kildare, and was made Bishop of Sodor and Man in 1697, by the Earl of Derby, whose chaplain he was. He died in 1755. Bishop Wilson's works were collected by his son, and published in two volumes in 1780. WOLFE, ARTHUR. Entered July 5, 1755, under Mr. Martin. Scholar 1759 ; Hon. LL.D. 1793. Yice-Chancellor of the University in 1802. He was afterwards Chief Baron of the Exchequer, and Lord Kilwarden. YELVERTON, BARRY. Entered as a Sizar May 19, 1753, aged sixteen ; son of Francis Yelverton, Gentleman ; born in the county of Cork ; educated by Mr. Egan ; College Tutor, Mr. Radcliffe. Scholar 1755; B.A. 1757; LL.B. 1761; LL.D. 1774. Afterwards Vis- count Avonmore, and Chief Baron of the Exchequer. CONTENTS OF THE APPENDIX. Letter from the Council in Ireland in 1569, relating to the foundation of a University. (I.) Speech of Archbishop Loftus at the Tholsel. (II.) Letters of Elizabeth assenting to the foundation of the College. (III., IV.) Documents concerning grants of land to the College. (V., VI., VII., VIII., IX., X., XI., XIII.) Concordatum granted to the College. (XII., XIV., XVI.) Letter from the College to the former owners of the lands granted by the Crown. (XV.) List of early Scholars, and the answer of the College to objections concerning the educational work of the College. (XVII.) Letter of Mr. Egerton to Provost Temple. (XVIII.) Documents relating to the proposed surrender of Queen Elizabeth's Charter in the reign of James I. (XIX., XX., XXL, XXII., XXIII., XXIV.) Documents connected with Bedell's Provostship. (XXV., XXVI., XXVII., XXVIII.) Extract from Lord Falkland's letter relating to the election of Provost Bedell's successor. (XXIX.) Account of the Commencement in which the Earl of Ossory took the Degree of LL.D. (XXX.) Authorization of receipt of renewal fines by Senior Fellows. (XXXI.) Disciplinary enactment of Lord Wentworth. (XXXII.) Petitions of the College to the Lord Lieutenant in 1643. Removal of Dr. Faithful Tate, and appointment of Bishop of Meath to the care of the College. (XXXIII.) Declaration of Loyalty in Queen Anne's reign. (XXXIV.) Decree concerning Chamber Rents. (XXXV.) Protest of Senior Fellows on the nomination of Mr. Pellisier as a Fellow by Provost Baldwin. (XXXVI.) APPENDIX. DOCUMENTS RELATING TO TRINITY COLLEGE. I. The Coppie of the Ire sent to the 11. and others of her Mat e most hon r - able counsell in Englande for the erectinge of an Universitie within this realme dated Dublin the iiij of March 1569. [See "University Calendar, " Dublin, 1833, p. 20.] AFTER our most humble dewties remembered unto yo r good 11. : there hath been here upon knowledge of her Majestic' s good likinge to have an TJniversitie erected in this lande, a motion made in pliament for the stablishment of the same : the matter so well liked as hath pro- voked manie good men to offer verie liberallie to helpe it forwarde. And for our owne ptes we think and judge the act to be so laudable to the glorie of God, such a worthie increase of estimacon to the roiall government of this lande, so necessarie for reformacon of the Barbar- isme of this rude people as no one thinge can be desired whereby so many good thinges should follow, being as it were a well of all vertue from whence all goodness shall flowe, in all states right comendable where civility is most plenteous, but here most necessarie where most vice and most rudeness is abundant. Of suche magnificence and great - nes we accounte this enterprise as we acknowledge no other founda- cion fit for the same, but the Queen's Majestie's most gracious goodnes unto the w ch by the meanes of your 11. : we make moste humble and ernest peticon that it may please the same to devise, order, and direct it, and to further it w th her most bounteous libera- litie and good and gracious countenance, whereby all men pvoked by her highnes disposition towardes it so expressed, eche man in his degre will contribute to the best of his power : And we for ourselves like as we presume to this boldnes upon our good devocon towardes it shall acknowledge your greate goodness in followinge the same to 350 Appendix. obtaine her Majestie's most gracious favor and consent : so that we fail not to use our uttermost endeavours as well with our goodes and livinges as with our travells an encouraginge of others to bring it to pfection. Mr. Lucas Dillon being comended to your honors for plia- met causes, we have thought mete by him to exhibite to your 11 : this our humble and ernest sute that in consultaion of these matters it may please you to procure some direction to this : that havinge once a gracious beginninge the same may be followed w th suche fortunate successe as to so godlie a cause appteinethe. And so trustinge that even the goodnes of the matter shall worke more in your noble dispositions enclined to vertu, then our weake pswasions to so worthie an act we comende it whollie to yo r handes w th out trowbelinge of your 11 : with manie wordes. And pray God bothe in this and in all other your noble enterprises to send you good succes to his honor and glorie, and conse- quentlie to the benefit of her Majestie's Service and the cofnoditie of all her good subjectes. II. The Speech of ADAM LOFTTJS to the] MAYOR AND ALDERMEN OE DUBLIN touching the erection of an University, made at the Tholsel soon after the Quarter Sessions of St. John the Baptist. (Hearne's Edition of Camden, 1717, vol. i., p. 57. E. Coll. Smith, vol. x., p. 1.) MR. MAYOR, The abundant joy which you and your worthy Brethern ex- pressed upon the Representation I lately made of her Highness' s most gracious intention to erect an University of good Literature in this Kingdom assures me that what I have now to say unto you will raise a Jubilee of rejoicing in many of your affections. What I represented to you formerly you apprehended as the happiness of an equal communication in a common benefit ; but what I am now to impart unto you is that which speaks her Highness design to give you a peculiar advantage in participating much more largely than others of that common benefit intended to the Nation, by placing the Seat of the University within the neighbourhood of this her beloved city. What advantage a University of learning and other common Societies and general Assemblies ordinarily bring to the places wherein, or nigh whereunto, they are situated is apparent in the growth of prosperity Documents relating to Trinity College. 351 of the city of Oxford and town of Cambridge, proportionate to the augmented number of colleges and multiplication of students therein. And to argue from your own experience, is it not clear, on the contrary, that the late dissolution of Societies hath occasioned a too sensible decay of Commerce in this City, and consequently hath dimin- ished the wealth and growth thereof, though fully recompensed in another kind by the blessing of a happy and glorious Eeformation in Eeligion thereupon introduced; you are also sensible of the great benefit you receive by the constant residence of the chief Authority and State of this Kingdom amongst you, and so honorable a Repre- sentation of her Majesty, and of the royal presence maintained by her Highness' s bounty in a post of splendour and magnificence. You may further consider that the inhabitants of this city are in a great measure maintained and relieved by the holding four Terms of the year for the Administration of Justice in this place, whereunto resort great multitudes of people for the determination of Causes and Controversies ; and I know you are so considerative as to apprehend how unhappy this city would be were the Tribunal for the general Administration of Justice removed hence into the remote parts of this Kingdom, as it was once for the space of seven years in England from London to York. Moreover, it may serve as an argument to convince you of the benefit of general Assemblies and public Societies that you will consider that the great and general Convention of all the State of this Land, the High Court of Parliament doth draw unto this city, when here assembled, an extraordinary access of noble Persons and others to the enriching of the City. I having thus spread before you the large advantages accruing to the Places, where Universities are founded, where the Seat of the State is established, the Tribunals settled, and Parliaments held, I hope you will account it no extravagancy, but a branch of natural amplification, to mind you of a thankful acknow- ledgement to her Highness, by whose royal Favour you have, or may hope to enjoy, every one of the benefits ; and it is my hearty desire that you would express yours and the City's thankfulness to her Majesty in an Act of so much piety as the free granting of a fitting place whereon to found a College, and the conveniences that necessarily belong unto such Society near the city ; whereby your memories will shine to posterity, in the long lasting good "Work you will thereby leave behind you. For a monument of this kind, erected in Parlia- ment, may be as durable as an inscription graven in marble. You 352 Appendix. will thereby receive honour from the World, thanks from your Sovereign Lady the Queen, approbation from your enemies, applause from your friends, for that Act which will be rewarded with far more than proportionable advantages of gain to your posterity in the Line of natural Propagation nay, you will in this time of Reformation dazzle the eyes of the Papists with the lustre of well-doing. Mr. Mayor, I preached lately in your hearing against Popish merit and the pre- sumptuous pretension of the Romanists to works of Supererogation, and it is not from the persuasion of an altered man that I now desire to promote good works. For charity requires the one, and the Holy Scriptures condemn the other, and it is enough to attract benefactors that God is well pleased with our good works, though they be not in themselves meritorious ; whereas to ascribe too much to good works, as do the Papists, is to turn the virtue of charity into the crime of sacri- lege. I do not, therefore, urge you to this grant as an Act of merit, but as of good acceptance with God Almighty of great Reward hereafter, and of honour and advantage to yourselves, and more to your learned Off- spring in the future, whereas by the help of learning they may build your families some stones higher than they are by their advancement either in Church or in Commonwealth. It is a true observation among all Moralists, that men will easily bend to those virtues which comport or may be converted into their own complexions, and Orators will tell you that Assent is easy where the proposal patronizeth the gain of him to whom it is made. Hence it is, and is indeed of sad considera- tion, that some men who are most nice in observing the rules of Scripture as being stamped with deep impressions of conscience in most matters of Christian practice, do too readily decline it in matters of gain, insomuch that for greedy Lucre's sake they will sinfully put their money to usury flatly against Scripture, without limitation or consideration had of the contingency of gain or loss to the borrower, though such kind of usury is placed by St. Easil among the greatest evils ; For it is a hard matter to live an Usurer and to die a good Christian. If it then be so that men so nice in Religion do so despe- rately comply with that deadly Sin for worldly advantages, I cannot but hope for the Assent of the City to what is proposed so consonant with Religion, and conducing so much to the lawful advantage in every respect, and the rather for that the reasons of public good stand with private emoluments in the matter proposed. I have not much more to say in further invitation of your favour- Documents relating to Trinity College. 353 able Attention in general, but I'm to speak more particularly to you, who, being Fathers of Children, place your hopes in posterity, and there- fore desire that they may be comforters to you whilst you live, and an honour to your memory after Death. I pray you consider of their advantage in these particulars, that the erecting of a College will not only be a means of civilizing the Nation and of enriching this City, as I have already observed unto you, but that your children by their birth in this place will, as it were, fall opportunely into the lap of the Muses, and that you need not hazard them abroad for the acquiring of foreign accomplishments, having a well endowed University at your door. Lastly, that such of your Children as shall be there placed may be able, with God's blessing on their endeavours to work their own Advancement without being too burthensome to their Parents. Sir, I need say no more, as I conceive to soften your ears to persuasion, having already urged both reason and interest. I therefore desire you and your worthy brethern, my ancient friends and acquaintance, to apply your Industry to the effecting what is now proposed unto you. And that in order thereto you will be pleased to call a Common Council to deliberate thereon, having first informed the several Masters of every Company of the pregnant likelihood of advantage, thereby to twist and interweave itself with most, if not all, trade in the City, as also of the other Arguments I have offered in furtherance of my well-intended proposal, together with such motives as your Discretion shall think fit to add as conducible thereunto, and then I shall not doubt but that the plurality or rather universality of Votes will be regulated by the voice of Reason. Mr. Mayor, you know that I have always held myself tied to the inviolable maintenance of your's and the City's liberty and privileges in general and amongst themselves, and now I desire that you will be no more failing in setting forward this good work by your assistance than I have been wanting by the strength of my prayers and best Endeavours to promote the welfare of this City in every respect. And I shall finally dismiss you with my blessing, in the name of the Father, of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost, praying to God that the prosperity of this Ancient City, and now well-governed Corporation, may never be disturbed in the least degree of Infelicity, and that its constant happiness may fill up the largest Catalogue of all divine and human Blessings to the length of the World's duration, which is the period of all Successions natural and civil. Amen, Amen. UNIVEF 354 Appendix. III. BODLEIAN LIBKAKY. MS. SMITH, VOL. 8, PAGE 1. December 29, 1592. By the Queene. ELIZABETH, R. Trustee and right well beloved we greet you well, where by your Lres, and the rest of our Councell joyned with you, directed to our Councell here, wee perceive that the Major and the Cittizens of Dublin are very well disposed to grant the scite of the Abbey of Allhallows belonging to the said Citty to the yearly value of Twenty pounds to serve for a Colledge for learning, whereby knowledge and Civility might be increased by the instruction of our people there, whereof many have usually heretofore used to travaile into ffrance Italy and Spaine to gett learning in such f orreigne universities, whereby they have been infected with poperie and other ill qualities, and soe became evill subjects, and that allsoe wee perceive the said Major and Cittizens and divers others there are well inclyned to give some main- tenance of livelyhood in ppetuity for the maintenance of readers and scholars in the said Colledge, as is used in our Universities here in Eng- land. And that it is required of us to graunt License to them for the foundacon and erecting of such a Colledge by way of Corporacon, and to accept such Lands and Contributions for tKe maintenance thereof as any our subjects there shall be charitably moved to bestow; "Which their offer and suite you have very earnestly recomended unto us, a matter of it self to be well allowed of us and favourably interpreted. For which causes wee require you to give knowledge to the said Major and Cittizens that we do very gratiously accept of these their offers and mocons, and are well pleased to grant unto them our royall assent for the erecting such a Colledge, and to licence them and any other our good subjects there to endowe the said Colledge with competent re- venues; and therefore wee doe by these our Lett rs warrant and autho- rize you our Deputy and our Chancellors of that our realme in our name to erect and make a foundacon and Corporacon of a Colledge for learning in the said place afore menconed, taking order that the said Documents relating to Trinity College. 355 Colledge may be erected and established in such manner and with such good orders and statutes as some other of our Colledges here in England in our Universities are, whereof we will That you our Chan- cellors and you the Bishopp of Meath ha,ve regard, according to the experience you have of the good order of the Colledge where you have been brought upp, or of any others which by long experience are found to be well established. And further we are pleased That Licence of Mortmaine be granted for the purchasing or receiving of any Lands and hereditaments and other contributions, within that our realme of Ireland, So as, no part of such L d be held of us in Capite or in Knights service, and that the same Licence may extend to the yearly value of four hundred pounds ; and alsoe wee will That whatsoever other act to passe from us for the erecting of the said Colledge and endowing thereof in this sorte be requisite, you our Deputy and Chancellor there and other our officers shall, by warrant hereof, see the same executed with all favour and speed ; furthermore whereby your Letters of the eleventh of this month it appeareth, upon the survey of our Lands escheated in Monaghan by the attainder of the late M'Mahon, there are certain other Lands called Termon, to the value of seventy-one pound by the year, which were not of right appertaining to the said M'Mahon, but have been waste and duly belonging unto us, and that by our former warrant granted unto you for the parting of the lands of M'Mahon there is no sufficient warrant to divide these Lands ; and that you think it beneficiall for our service to have the same granted and divided to sundry psons being of English birth That may thereby plant habitations and buildings on the same, whereof you have sent a certificate of the names of Eleaven persons amongst whom the said Termon Lands may be distributed. We allowing of your opinion and advise given to us do authorise you by these our Lres to make the grants to the said psons so named in your schedule (or if any of them shall refuse to accept the same with the condicons to plant, people and to build thereupon), then to make choice of others of like con- dition so as the rents may be reserved of them and their heires and to be held of us by the said rents and such other services as you shall think convenient And for so doing these shall be your sufficient warrant. Given under our signet at our palace of Westm r the 29 th day of December in the 34 yeare of our raigne To our right trustee and well beloved S r William ffitz Williams Knight our Deputy of our realme of Ireland, and to our Chancellor of 2 A 2 356 Appendix. our said realme for the time being, and to the rest of our Councell there. Copia vera Ex e . ^ THA : BALDWIN, [Endorsed on the back] A coppy of y e Q's Lres in behalf e of y e Colledge dated 29 th Dec. 34 Eliz. 1592. ffees paid Mr. Baldwin } I s d for this Coppy j 8 6 IV. ELIZABETH D. Gr. Angl. &c. Dilectis nobis Waltero Ball de Dublin Aldermanno, Wilhelmo Ussher et John Terrel de eadem generosis Salutem. Cum nos scisiti existentes in jure coronas nostraa Hiberniae inter alia de Domo Scitu Ambitu Precinctu Prioratus sive Domus ReligiosaB omnium Sanctorum juxta Civitatem Dublin, necnon 12 Acras Prati, 9 Acras Pastures, et 7 Pomarii cum pertinentiis in All Hallowes juxta Civitatem Dublin prsedictam, prout per quandam in- quisitionem in Scaccario nostro inde de Eecorde remanentem magis plane liquet. Cumque jam ea omnia et singula pra3missa consuescimus dilectis et fidelibus nostris Magistro et Confratribus Coll. S. Trinitatis ibidem nuper erecti et eorum successoribus in perpetuum, in per- petuam donationem absque aliquo inde reddendo. Vobis igitur prasci- pimus nohilominus volumus et expresse mandamus quod personaliter accedatis ad omnia et singula praemissa, et ea omnia et singula in manus vestras capi serviri et sequestrari faciatis indilato. Ita quod de exitibus redditibus proficiis et commoditatibus quibuscunque ex- inde aliquo modo crescentibus aut provenientibus, in quorumcunque manus aut promissionem jam existit aut existunt, nobis aut dictis Magistro et Confratribus aut eorum assignatis de tempore in tempus respondere possitis ad voluntatem nostram. Ita quod iidem Magister et Confratres ea omnia et singula praamissa habere gaudere et tenere valeant quosque per legem terra3 nostras a nobis evicti et recuperati contigerint. Et quid in preemissis f aceritis tarn cito quam poteritis ; et tandem in Kundina Sanctae Trinitatis proxime future district! constare faciatis. Documents relating to Trinity College. 357 Teste Ricardo Sedgrave nostro secundario Barone Scaccarii nostri praedicti apud Castrum nostrum Dublin xxv die Junii Anno Regni nostri xxxv per Baron m. V. A Letter sent from the COLLEGE to SIR RICHARD BYNGHAM. (August 7, 1595.) RIGHT HONORABLE SIR, Forasmuch as the stay of our College did especially depend upon our last grant of Concealments, and in passing thereof we find many Difficulties and discouragements, namelie, the distrustfull deal- ing of officers, and the late restraint of concealments from England ; In those Troublesome Times we are constreyend to alter the nature of our Suite, and in lieu of a Lease of Concealments to sue for a per- petuity of some late Attainted Lands, or to be attainted whensoever hereafter, or wheresoever in Ireland, until our grant (yf we obteyne any) be filled : for the better obteyning whereof we have determined to send over two of our Societie ; being in good hope her Majesty will graciously condescend thereunto. "Wherein we humblie request your acustomed good favour in recommending us, and the necessitie of our present Suite for want of sufficient maintenance. To my Lord Treasurer, and such other your good Friends as you in wisdom shall think expedient, and because Schollars for the most part are ignorant in the following Suites at the Court, we pray your Worship to give us your best Advise and direction therein : and if you know any other things whereof convenientlie we may make such a Suite (for in such things we stand in much nede of help). For which and all other your former Benefits we shall have occasion to praise God, and to crave of Him the Encrease of all good graces unto you, and a prosperous and happie successe in your service to his glorie, the good of that Province, and the further Advancement of your own Credite. DUBLIN, this 7th Aug., 1595, 358 Appendix. VI. Letter from the LORD DEPUTY and COUNCIL to the LORD TREASURER, recommending to her MAJESTY the College Suit. IT MAY PLEASE YOUR GOOD LORDSHIP, Having recommended to the Lords of the Councill a Suite which the Society of the College, lately erected here, purposeth to make to the Queen's most excellent Majesty for their better main- tenance, whereof they greatly stand in need. We have thought it most meet more particularly to recommend the same humbly to your Lordship's favour, being thereunto moved by your most favourable and choice care taken for the first erection thereof : and likewise that yt hath pleased your Lordship to Vouchsafe to be their honorable and worthie Chancellor. Wee assure your Lordship that that which they demand is no prejudice to Her Majesty, nor cannot any other way be better employed in respect to the great blessing and benefitts may by means of that College redound to this whole Kingdom, which particu- larly hereto lay downe, we think yt altogether needless, since the same is best known to your Lordship. And therefore wee most humblie recommend their good cause with the bearer Mr Challoner, their agent, who hath been a carefull and painfull Instrument for the building of the said College, to your Lordship's favour and patronage ; not doubting but as by your only means, the same was at first begun, so yt shall never want your Lordship's furtherance in procuring for the same competent stay for their maintenance. So we humbly commend your Lordship to the blessed Tuition of Almightie God. From Dublin, this of August, 1595. Your Lordship's humblie at Commandment. Letter from the LORD DEPUTY AND COUNCIL OP IRELAND to the LORDS OF THE COUNCIL IN ENGLAND. " Itt may please y r most honorable Lls. The Provost, Fellows and Schollers of Trynitie Colledge latelie erected here, have made humble sute unto us to recomend to your honor's favor their sutes which they now purpose to make to the Queen's most excellent Ma- jestie, which is that it would please the same to bestowe upon them for their better maintenance 100 li per annum in feefarme of attainted Documents relating to Trinity College. 359 lands, and if they shall not be able to finde out attainted lands of that value, that then they may take up the remains of that some of con- cealed lands, and although we are loth to trouble your 11s. with any sutes, especially in these tymes, yet there present necessitye together with the doubt least that holy .purpose for which the said Colledge was first erected should for want of maintenance be altogether frustrate, hath made us humblie to beseech your honors' favor, and furthermore towards them. They have as yett no perpetuities except a few acres about the house, and for the rest live onlie upon the benevolence of a f ewe well disposed, wch howe longe yt may contynue is verie uncerten. And as for any maintenance to be hoped for from the better sorte of this Kingdom so small is theire affeccon towards that work by reason of theire backwardness in religion, and they will not so muche as send their children thither, and for the poorer sorte which might prove good and profitable instruments in this Churche and Comon wealthe there is no maintenance, so as if her Majestie's most gracious favor be not extended towards the same, it is much to be feared that this most Christian, and for this poore countrey most necessarie, work cannot longe continue, for which we wold be right hartelie sorye since it was builded in her Majestie's most happie tyme and by her most gracious and lardge foundation. So leaving the good that by this means may come to this poore countrey to your Us. grave consideration, we humblie comend the good cause thereof together with the bearer Mr. Challoner theire agent who hath been a very carefull instrument in the building thereof, to your honorable favor and effectual furtherance, and your 11s. to the good blessing of the most mightie. We humblie take leave. " ffrom Dublin the of August 1595. " Your 11s. humblie at Commandment. "Lls. of the Counsell." VII. M. R., 37, 38 ELIZ., in 4 dorso. After our hartye Commendacon, Accordinge to the request of your 1: Ires in the behaulf of the newe Colledge called Trinitie Colledge, lately erected nere the Cittie of Dublin, whoe have moved 360 Appendix. her Ma tic and found her so graciously disposed towards the maynten- ance of that Colledge as her Ma tie is well pleased to graunte the suite for the fee farme of one hundred poundes ster: yerely rent of con- cealed lands. But because it hath lately appeared to her Ma tie that in passing such concealments in that country many disorders and abuses have been comitted by conveyinge into the books such pticulers as were unfit to be passed, and thereby also her Ma te rents and pfitts diminished, as her Ma tie doth by us signifie to your 1 : her pleasure and resolucon to graunte the some abovemenconed, soe with all shee commaundeth, and streightly injoyneth, that there be greate care and regard had of the p'ticulers to be chosen & passed in the book of the said Colledge. Moreover, for the more favour and speedy dispatche of the suite her Mat 8 pleasure is that yourl: cause the best assist- aunce to be given to the Colledge for the finding out of such pticulers as are fitt for this suite, and that from tyme to tyme, as such pticulers be founde they may be reserved for the benefitt of the Colledge, and none also be suffered to passe any of the said pticulers in any other booke before the booke for the Colledge be filled to the value of C li: ster: as aforesaid. And of theise landes soe to be found concealed to send a p r ticuler certificate to be shewed to her Ma tie for a further warrant to your lo : and to the lo : chancellor, there to passe the same to the Corporation of the said Colledge in feefarme. And soe bid your lo : hartilie farewell. From the Courte at Nonesuch, the last of September, 1595. Signed by the L : AECHBP. OF CANTEEBUEY. L : TEEASUEEE. EELE OF ESSEX Lo: Admirall. L. CHAMBERLEN. ME. VICE CHAMBEELEN. SIE EOBTE CECYLL, Concordat cu origin W. WADDE. Directed to the lo : Deputy and Counsell of Ireland. Documents relating to Trinity College. 361 VIII. M. E. 37, 38 ELIZ. in 3. After my veary hartie Commendacons to your Ips and to the rest whereas it hath pleased her Ma tie of her princely consideracon and care for the advauncement of learninge and pmotinge of religion within the realme not onelie to found a Colledge within Dublin but also to endowe the same with a C u of concealed landes, And hath further written her graciouse Ires unto your Ip declaringe her pleasure in that behalfe soe that it is needelesse for me (both in regard thereof to recommend the furtherance of that cause unto you by my pryvatt Ires as also for that I finde by your Ire your good and earnest affec- tion to effect the same Neverthelesse for that the bearers hereof Mr Challoner and Mr Daniell who, being members of that Colledge, have veary earnestly and carefullie solicited the said suite both with her Ma tie and with the lls of the Councell, have required my private Ires unto youe also ; I would not deny them either my Ire or anything els I could pf orme towards the finishinge of soe good a work, and therefor I do verie hartely pray your Ip and the rest to aford them your best favours therein. And because you Sir Eobte ISTapper by reason of your office as Chief Earon and you Sir Eichard Eingham as having best knowledge of the lands within Connaght, may give speciall furtherance as they are psuaded for the spedy affectinge of the suite, I doe specyally praye youe both to yeld them your best advice and help as they shall repaire unto youe for it, And because her Ma ts expresse pleasure is not to have any patent passed of the said concealed lands untel certi- ficat from your Ip be made of every pcells even to the full and whole value the which course they conceite (as I think they doe truelie) that it will make the suite a great deale more chardgeable and tediouse unto them For the avoydinge whereof consideringe her Ma ts pleasure and meaninge is that if there were pnT:e a C 11 concealed lands founde out and certified that the same should be forthwith passed unto them, I have thought good to move your Ip that allwayes as any pcells shalbe founde out by them as concealed and soe allowed by youe that the same may be p'sently granted unto them by way of Custodium, whereby they may both receive the pfitts in the meanetyme to there relief and also outt of p'vencon that may be made by others of things 362 Appendix. founde out by theire Industrie The consideracon whereof I leave not- withstandinge to your Ip and the rest to pforme as you shall thinke good And soe I bydd your Ip verie hartely farewell from the Courte at Nonesuch the vij th of October 1595. Your 1. assuridlie W. BURGHLEY. To my honorable good frinde Sir "William Russell Knighte Lord deputie of Ireland and to the Councell there. IX. M. R., 37, 38 ELIZ. in 4. By the QTJEENE. [Original in Trinity College.'] ELIZABETH, R. Right trusty and well beloved, we greete youe well. Whereby your Ires of the xviii August last youe recommended to us the Provost and fellows of Trinitie Colledge, by Dublin, that in consideracon of soe good a worke nowe finished and founded by us, and necessary to be mayntayned for the genrall benefitt of that our realme, we would graunte unto them some portion of concealed lands there for there better mayntenance, wee lett you to witt, That of our princely specyall grace and favor, we are well pleased that they shall have so much lands, tenements, and hereditaments, as well spiritual as tempall, in that our realme, within liberties and without, as shall amounte to the cleare yerely value or rent of one hundred poundes ster., or thereabouts, the same to be only such as are conceled and wrongfully detained from us and our pgenitors, and of right ought to have come to us. To have and to hold the same to the said provost and fellowes of Trinitie Colledge and to their successors in fee farme, wherefore we will and require you, for there better means and help therein, to give fourth from tyme to tyme all such comissions, writs, and pees, as shall be requisite to be directed to such p'sons and comissions as they or there learned Counsell shall nominate for the better findinge out and surveyinge of said lands, tents, and hereditaments, as they or any for them shall bring you notice of, whereupon you shall immediately signifie unto us or to our privie Counsell here your likeinge and allowance of the sev'all pcells as the same shall be founde out by them, to thend that afterwards our pleasure may be made knowne unto youe for the grauntinge and passinge thereof under our Great Scale of Ireland in fee farme as is aforesaid, which we will shalbe with as Documents relating to Trinity College. 363 favorable clauses as in like cases we have heretofore graunted to any other, as shall be testifyed by the surveyors and juries that shall finde the same. And if it shall happen that there shall be passed unto them any pcell whiche afterwards by lawful means may be evicted from them, our pleasure is that in lieu thereof they shall have pcells of the like value of other concealed lands being by you thought fitt, and by us to be allowed. And likewise if any pte of the same lands, tene- ments, or hereditaments shall by rebellion or otherwise at any tyme become waste, soe as they shall not be able to reape such benefitt as our graciouse meaning is, Our pleasure then is that during the tyme of such waste (being so to be found by Commissioners to be appoynted by the Lord Chancellor, or Keeper of our Greate Seale of Ireland for the tyme being) they shall not be burdened with payment of any rent for the same to us or our successors ; moreover for that this is for soe good and Chrlan a purpose, our will is that the survay of these kinde of lands shall not be with extremitie of the yeerely rents, con- sideringe the same were not like to be entitled to us but by there industrie and labor. And that noe advantage be taken against them for mistakinge or misnaminge of any place or places, Countie or Counties, in those graunte or grauntes. The tenor of all these lands, tenementes, and hereditamentes our pleasure is shall be in free socage and not otherwise. And forasmuch as in these kinde of grauntes of conceled lands we know there hath been many abuses comitted, and thereby greate inconvenience ensued, to the disturbance and dis- content of our subjects, we charge you very earnestly to have a specyall care thereunto for avoyding the like, for if it were not for so good a deede as this is we could in no wise be induced to make any such graunte, for your doing is wherein according to this our pleasure. Theese our Ires, notwithstandinge any want or insufficiencie of words or other clause of warrantise requisit to be inserted herein and is omitted shall be as well unto you our deputie and Chauncellor nowe beinge as unto any other deputie and Chauncellor or Keeper of our Greate Seale of Ireland that hereafter for the tyme shall be, and to any other our officers and Ministers of that our realme to whom it may appteigne sufficient warrant and dischardge under our Signet at our Manor of Nonsuch, the xvij th day of October 1795 in the seaven and thirtieth yeare of our raigne. To our right trustie and well beloved Sir Will m Russell, Knighte, deputie of our realme of Ireland, and to the Right Reverend Father 364 Appendix. in God the Archbishop of Dublin, our Chancellor there. And to any other deputie or head govfior or govnors of that our realme and the Chauncelor or Keeper of our Greate Seale of Ireland that hereafter for the tyme shall be. And to any other our officers and ministers there to whom it doth or may appteigne. Irr. in Rotulo patentium Cancellariae Hiberniae decimo sexto die Novembris Anno Eegni Reginae Elizabethae xxxvii per me Jac. New- man Clericum Antonio St. Leger Militi, magistro Rotulorum ejusdem Cancellariae. Irrot in memorandis Scaccarii, anno xxxvii Dominae Reginae nunc videlicet inter recorda de Termino Sancti Hilarii ex parte Eememora- toris ejusdem Dominae Reginae existentis. X. A Commission was issued out of the Exchequer on the 28th November, in the 37th year of Queen Elizabeth, with respect to certain concealed lands. To this Commission is annexed the following Schedule : Note and particulars of concealed Lands delivered by the Provost and Fellows of Trinity College, Dublin, to the Right Worshipful Sir Robert Napper, Knt., Chief Baron of her Majesty's Exchequer: upon the grant of 100 stg., by the Lord Deputy and Council, to them granted the 28th November, 1594. In the County of Leitrim : In Clone, in Monterolis, 52 Cartrons. In the Province of Connaught : In Fenagh, for Killynomede ; in Pelline, in Kiltobride, in Kilronane, in Kiltagwashe, 4 quarters each. In Annahyoe, 2 quarters, in the Diocese of Ardagh. All Termon and Hospital Lands are most convenient, and fit to be employed for the use of the College, and so thought fit by the Lord Deputy and Council. And therefore they desire the same may be inquired of for her Majesty to their Benefit. I do desyr you that, by the Commission, to inquire of the said Lands and Hereditaments, and to return your Inquisition with speed for the Lands, that the Lord Deputy's pleasure thereof may be known for the relief of the poor College. NAPPEE. Documents relating to Trinity College. 365 XI. To the RIGHT HONOEABLE THE LOED DEPUTY AND COUNCIL. {About December, 1595.] Right humbly prayeth your Lordships, and the rest of this honor- able Table, the Provost and Fellows of Trinity College, by Dublin, that forasmuch as their late grant, by your honourable means especi- ally obtained, is like to prove unto them for a long time unprofit- able, contrarie to her Majesty's gracious meaning, and your honourable intent ; by reason of their ignorance in such matters, and also the chargeable Recompense that such men do demand which have know- ledge of concealments. And that not long since there was found in Mr. Boyle's trunk sundry offices of lands concealed : and that also there hath been made some returns of such offices by others into the Exchequer, both unpassed as yet to any. It would please your Honours and the rest, in your zeal to God's glory, and tender care for the benefit of this poor countrie, to dispose and bestow this present opportunitie, which God doth offer for the furtherance of His service, for the mayntenance of this College, that their Suite, so carefully by your Lordships recommended, may be with like regard finished and brought to Perfection, and so much the rather for that Her Majesty's pleasure is signified in the Lord Treasurer's Letters, that if so much Land were already found, they should be passed to such use ; but also because the house may be freed from all Exclamations or Incon- venience that may hereupon insue, these Parcells being justlie (as is supposed) alreadie found by ordinarie Officers appointed thereunto. But in case these be not yet found and returned to the Exchequer by the former meanes so much as may accomplish and fill up her Majesty's most gracious Grant unto them, Then their humble Suite that the first that may be found of such Nature may be appointed by your Lordships to the performance of the same, all other grants in the mean tyme, if it may be thought convenient, being delayed, so shall they earnestly pray, &c. 366 Appendix. XII. The CONCOEDATUM granted to the COLLEGE. BY THE LOED DEPUTIE AND COUNCIL. "W. RUSSELL. Whereas the Provost and Fellows of Trinity College lately erected here have by this humble petition acquainted us with their disability to hold their Society together in this generall great scarcitie and penurie of all things, having as yet no part of her Majesty's graunt of One Hundred Pounds per Annum in feefarm past unto them. In respect whereof they have very earnestly craved our favour in yielding them some meanes to enable them to keep their Societie together. Forasmuch as the place is of her Majestie's owne and only foundation, and that there may grow very many and great inconveniencies by their Dissolution, but especially in consideration of the great good that may in due tyme grow thereby to the Church of God and this whole Kingdom ; we have thought good, and by these letters of Con- cordatum do so conclude, condescend, and agree that the said Provost and Fellows shall for their better maintenance have yearly from the date hereof as of her Majesty's most gracious bounty, One Hundred Pounds ster., to be paid unto them quarterlie out of such Casualties as either are or shall be due unto her Majesty, and to continue to them until such tyme as the one half of her Majesty's Grant before specified be passed unto them under her Majesty's Seal of this Realm : Whereof we require you to take notice and to make payment to the said Provost and Fellows of the said sum of One Hundred Pounds stg. per annum as aforesaid. And for your doing therein these our Letters of Concor- datum together with the Acquittance of such Provost from tyme to tyme confessing the receipt thereof shall be as well to you the Treasurer in particular as to the Barons, Chancellor, and others, sufficient Warrant and Discharge. Given at Dublin, the 1st December, 1596. Our meaning is that this shall continue for two years. AD. DUBLIN, Chancellor* ROB. DILLON. G. BOUECHER. J, NOEEIS. ANT. ST. LEGEE* RIFE LANE. Documents relating to Trinity College. 367 XIII. 7 th May 39 Eliz. 1597. [Original in Trinity College.'} ELIZABETH A, BEGIN A, Right Trustie and well beloved we greet you well Whereby your Lres of the Twentieth of December last unto our privy councell here in the behalfe of the Provost and fellowes of Trinity Colledge by Dublin you certifye us according to our former Lres of the seven- teenth of October one Thousand ffive hundred ninety and five concern- ing that matter of certaine parcells of Lands found by their travell as concealed, whereof some belonged to the late Earle of Desmonde and to other persons attainted, praying our allowance for the passing of the same under our great seale of Ireland to the Provost and fellowes of the said Colledge there being doubt made whether the words of Lands concealed and wrongfully detained menconed in our former Lres be sufficient warrant for the passing of such Lands : Wee lett you under- stand that of our princely and speciall grace and favour wee are well pleased soe farr to enlarge our royall Bounty for the advancm* of the said Colledge as That our pleasure is That unto them shall be granted and passed under our great seale of Ireland all the severall parcells of land by you now certif yed, amounting to the yearly value of Eighteene pounds or thereabouts, upon the sight of these our Lres the former doubt notwithstanding. And alsoe wee doe of our like Bounty graunt unto the said Provost and fellowes and their successors soe much more of our other Lands, rents, tenements, or other hereditaments whereunto we have right or title by attainders or otherwise which have been and are concealed or wrongfully detained from us, and whereof no office or survey remaine in any of our Courts for the certain finding thereof, nor the rents, issues, and profitts have been answered unto us, as by their meanes shall be revealed, till the full value of one hundred pounds by the year be made upp, granted, and assured unto them ; further alsoe wee are well pleased That as well the said Lands and hereditaments already certified as aforesaid as all other Lands intended by these our Lett rs to be passed shall be granted and conveyed unto them under our great seale of Ireland without any further Certificate thereof to be made to us our heires or successors or to our or their privy Councell in this Land, according to your request in the Colledge's behalfe which we have gratiously granted, relying upon the good care 368 Appendix. you promise to have therein that no great inconveniency may arise thereby, and that our subjects there may not by any occasion hereof have just cause of grievance and complainte. To have and to hold all the said Lands, as well p r sently to be passed as at any time hereafter, to the said Provost and fellowes and their successors in ffee farme in free socage and not in Capite according to our direccon by our said former Lett" which our meaning and will is not to abridge in any thing tending to their benefitt but to confirme and enlarge by these our Letters, notwithstanding any want or insufficiency of words or other clause or clauses of warrantise to be inserted herein are omitted, shall be as well unto you our Deputie and Chancellor now being as to any other Deputy or Justice Chancellor or Keeper of our great seale of Ireland that hereafter for the time shall be, and to any other officers & ministers of that our realme to whom it may appertaine sufficient warrant and discharge. Given under our signett at our Pallace of "Westm 1 " the seaventh day of May in the nine and thirtieth year of our raigne. To our right Trustie and well beloved Thomas Lord Burgh our Deputie of our Realme of Ireland, and to our Chancellor of that our realme now being and to any other Deputy Justice Governor Chan- cellor or Keeper of the great seale of our said realme that hereafter shall be. Memorandum quod septimo die Julij anno supradict. "Walterus Travers prsepositus sccse et individuse Trinitat . juxta Dublin venit coram me Anthonium St Leger milit . Mro Rotulorum Cancellaria3 Dna3 Knee Eiii su ae Hiber" & ptul . suprascript . Lras & petiit eas irrotulari ; cujus requisitione irrot . de verbo in verba ut supius. XIY. (1597.) To the RIGHT HONORABLE THE LOBJDS JUSTICES AND COUNCIL. Right humbly beseecheth your Lordship and the rest, the Provost and Fellows of Trinity College, neare Dublin, that whereas nere about a year agoe upon our humble Petition and Declaration of the estate of Documents relating to Trinity College. 369 the aforesaid Societie to be so weake and so greatlie indebted, that without some goode helpe and reliefe it was then of necessitie to be dismissed for any meanes that we could procure, till such tyme as by her Majestie's Royal Grant the same might be maintained ; it pleased your Lordships and the rest at that tyme, of your Christian "Wisdome and careful regard of continuing still of a Fellowship intended for so good uses, and of avoiding the great Inconveniences like to ensue the scattering of the Company even for a little tyme, to grant a Concorda- tum of 100 a-year for two years next ensuing. And further, inas- much as that since that tyme, for the necessarie maintenance of the said Corporation hitherto, the Debt hath so increased upon us, by reason of the small meanes belonging to the Colledge, the Chardges of bringing some part of our Grant to effect, and the great dearth of the last year, as that at this present the Societie is owing to the Baker and Brewer 120, to others our good frendes of the Citty 72, to ourselves 180, in all 372 besides the said Societie is altogether destitute of their maintenance and ordinarie chardges till Easter next. It will please your Lordships and the rest in consideration of the Premises to order the present advancement and payment aforehand of so much of the said concordatum as yet remayneth unpaid, extending to 125 for a year and a quarter, and to take such further order for the continu- ance of the said Colledge as to your Godlie wisdoms shall seem to be most convenient, otherwise of the things belonging to the said House which are certen groundes nere about the same, and a lease of two years in Baggotrath, and the lands lately passed under Patent ? being other part of the Booke granted by her Majestie's princely bountie, or the part we bought of George Isham's grant, we shall be constrayned to mortgage or sell so much as may pay the present Debts of the house. And then because it appeareth not in long tyme, how we may enjoy the portions allowed for our entertaynment, to leave our places to such as having other meanes for their maintenance than by the College, may be able in some sort to continue the countenance of the House without dissolution, and to guyd the elder Scholars trayned now four years for the Instruction of the yonger till such tyme as the Societie may have means of their own for the further advancement of it. "Which inconveniencies, if by your Lordship's Godlie wisdom and care they may be avoyded as we humblie and earnestlie desyre, we shall be still more and more bound to pray for your increase in all good blessings. 2 B 370 Appendix. [The following statement follows the summary of accounts for the year 1596, which shows the estimated income for the following year to be 300 : 7 : 4 : ] So the last years chardges exceed the last years receipts by 160 odd money, which being joyned to 195 wherein the So- ciety stood indebted at the presenting of their petition, 1 December 1596, whereupon the Concordatum was granted, make 356 odd money. For discharging whereof if this years whole receipts should be allotted, the College should still remain indebted 68 odd money; and so unfurnished of all means for the entertainment and continuing of the Society together, as during that tyme the Company must of necessity dissolve and break up ; nothing being left to defray the ordinary Charges of the house, yearly amounting to about 200 ; and if extraordinary occasions should fall out either of Dearth or of travel for finishing our Grant as the last year to much more. Letter of the LOEDS OP THE COUNCIL IN ENGLAND to the LOED DEPUTY AND COUNCIL OF IEELAND. After our hartie commendations to your Ip. and the rest. Whereas we received Irs from you of late in the behalf of the Colledge lately erected near Dublin for our furtherance of the suite to her Majestic for enlarginge her former grant made unto the said Colledge. So it is that her Majestic having bin moved herein hath very gra- ciouslie vouchsafed so far to extend her princelie goodness and bountie for the advancement of soe good a means to draw her subjects in that land to a better knowledge and practice of their dutie to Almightie God and to her Majestie's laws, by instruction of their youth in virtue and good learninge, as that her Highness hath been well pleased to graunt that the 100 li signified by her former Ir to be bestowed upon the Colledge may be raised of landes as well belonginge sometime to persons attainted as of other landes concealed and wrongfully detayned. And furthermore whereas in the behalf of the said Colledge it was desired that the book for the said hundred pounds might be perfected there and made up without bringing the parcell hither, it hath also pleased her Majestic of her like princely grace and favour for the trust that her highness doth repose in the care and wisdom of you her L. Deputy and the rest of the Counsell to release such former order as was given for .... her Majestie of such parcells, and to be content Documents relating to Trinity College 371 upon the allowance of your Ip. and her counsell in that Land that the said parcells shall be passed to the Colledge under the Great Seale of that realme according to her Majestie's Ir now written in that behalf ; And so much the rather because by the same ir written by you unto us it is so promised that such careful respect herein shall be had by you for the discerning of the said parcells there as no inconvenience or offence shall grow hereby to any of her Majestie's subjects in that Land whereof you are to have the more care in regard of your own promise. Thus much we have thought ood to write in answer unto your ir, recommending back again unto your good favour and furtherance the suite of the said Colledge, that by your help it may be more speedily be brought to effect, and especially that it be not prevented or delayed by occasion of any other suite of like nature. And so wee bidd your Ip. and the rest very hartily farewell. From the Court at Greenwich the 19th of May 1597. Your Ips. very loving friends. Signed by the L. KEEPER ; L. TREASURER ; E. OF ESSEX ; L. AD- MIRALL ; L. NORTHE ; L. BucKHURST ; MR. COMPTROLLER ; SIR EOBT. CECYLL. From LORD BURLEIGH to the LORD DEPUTY AND COUNCIL OF IRELAND. After my verie hartie comendations to yo r Ip. and to the reste. Whereas besydes yr comun ires to the whole Counsell here in favor of the Colledge lately erected at Dublin, you did also recommend their sute to me by yo r ires particularly as Chauncellor of that Colledge : So now her Matie having of her princelie favour graciouslie enlarged her graunte towards that Societie (as will appeare unto you by the ires of the whole Counsell here directed unto you). Albeit I have joyned with their iis. in yt ire, yet I have thought good to write this my pryvate ire unto your Lp. and to recomend the execution of that her Maties graunte, that it may receyve all that favoure and expedition that you can give unto yt, which albeit I do not doubt but you will of your own charytable disposition advaunce as much and as redylie as you can : yet because they have of their owne free consent made choise of me for their Chauncellor (besydes my inclination in charytie 2 B 2 372 Appendix. to further so good a work, tending to the relief of so learned men, encrease of learning and true religion), I doe think myself bound in that behalf to doe them any good that reasonablie and lawfullie I maie doe. And whereas M r Traverse the bearer of this my ire hath declared unto me that he hath a desire to leave his place in that Colledge and bestowe himself here in England as he shall have means to be employed in the ministrie, because he doth finde that he cannot have his health there in that land, I doe pray your Ip. that after that his place shall be furnished with a fytt and sufficient man to receyve and execute that charge that he maie be dismissed from there with your good favoure to returne into England, and so I bid your Ip. and the rest verie hartlie farewell. From the Court at Greenwich the xxij day of May 1597. Your Lps. verie loving friend, WM. BUKGHLY. If the Lord Burgh now appointed Ld. Deputie shall be settled in the place of the Deputie at the delivery of this my letter, then I pray his Lordship to see that performed which I require by this my letter. XV. Letter to the Former Owners of the College Lands. [September 21, 1597.] GENTLEMEN, Wee the Provost and Eellowes of the Society of Trinity College neare Dublin have thought it convenient to let you understand that after our long and chargeable suite in England, we have found her Majesties most gracious bountie soe enlarged towards our College, that she is not only well pleased such lands as are already found should with all and expedition be passed unto us under her great Seale of Ireland ; but alsoe hath vouchsafed that a second Letter from her highness should be directed to the Lord Deputy and Counsail here, containing more favourable and benificiall clauses than before did, for the assuring unto us both of Lands concealed and also attainted or any ways wrongfully detayned from her. By Virtue of which gracious Documents relating to Trinity College. 373 Letters wee have already passed under the broad Scale here all the Lands already found by our Agents both in that Province and in other Places of this Eealme. And therefore doe very earnestly desire you, the former possessors of such Lands, to whom our Agents made promise from the College of the assurance of them, without all Excuse or Delay to repair hither, that according to Lawe, conveyance may be made unto you of such Parcels as you had promise of. "Which without our personal Delivery of the Conveyance to yourselves, and your per- sonal Eedelivery of the counterpayne to us at the College, cannot be done ; wishing in anywise that the longest Day for your appearing here be the beginning of the next Michaelmas Term, or the 12th October next. Certifying unto you as well from ourselves as by the advyce of her Majesty's Counsayle here, that if you defer or delay by that tyme to be here, the College will be forced to demise and sett the said Lands to others by them thought fitt. And further alsoe we have thought it necessary to forewarn that, according to your former promise and the Covenants of our Agents heretofore with you, you bring or cause to be sent before safe the year's rent that is begun now of Easter and Christmas Terms last. The which doth grow due to us, not only by your former covenant but alsoe by the rearages of the Lands since the office found upon them. And thus we heartily commit you to God's protection. XVI. [April 30, 1600.] To our trusty and well beloved the LOED MOTTNTJOY, Deputy of our Realme of Ireland, and to the CHANCELLOR or KEEPEE of the Great Seale of our said Realm : and to any other our DEPUTY JUSTICE or GOVEENOE, and to the CHANCELLOE or KEEPEE of our Great Seal aforesaid, or any other our officers those that hereafter shall be to whom it may a/pper- tayn. ELIZABETH, E. Eight trusty and well beloved we greet you well. From in- formation we have received by letters lately sent from thence and directed to our Councell here, that our College there erected within the liberties of our City of Dublin is now in danger to be dissolved, by reason that the maintenance thereof being wholly taken away and no 374 Appendix. benefitt at all received of our late Grant of Concealment passed unto them, in regard of the troubles, and that (as you have signified) you have supplied them with some means for their continuance together till such tyme as we shall signify to you our farther pleasure in that behalf. Wee are therefore well pleased out of our princely care for the maintenance of that College (being of our own Royall foundation), and for the establishing of so great a means of instruction of our people of that Realm as in time to come the same may prove (whereof your letters have given us very good hope), to grant unto the Provost, Pel- lows, and Schollars of the said College called Trinity College, or by what other Name they are incorporated, both a confirmation and con- tinuance of those means which you have formerly granted unto them ; and also a further supply of two hundred pounds stg. yearly, out of the "Wards, Liveryes, Relievs, Intrusions, Alienations, Fines, or any other casualties whatsoever that shall or ought to come to our hands (our impost revenues of our lands there, and treasure sent from hence only excepted) to be paid unto them quarterly by equal Portions, and so from time to time to be continued unto them, until they shall enjoy the benefit of our said former grant of concealments. And further our express Pleasure is that this our Grant of the above said Two Hundred Pounds, being for so good a Purpose, shall be paid to the said College before any other Concordatum or Grant passed to any other heretofore, or that hereafter shall be passed out of any Part or Portion of the said casualties. And if it do now or shall at any time here- after so fall out that in any one year, by reason of the troubles, the said Casualties do not amount to the sum of Two Hundred Pounds stg. aforesaid, and so shall not be sufficient to answer the said years Pay- ment, our meaning is that the said College shall be answered the Arrearages so growing out of the first Casualties that shall come unto our hands the next year ensuing such defect ; and so from tyme to tyme until they may receive the full benefit of this our said grant of two hundred Pounds stg. yearly, according to this our gracious mean- ing towards them. And we require you to cause our Letters Patent of all the Premises to be passed unto them under the Great Seal of that our Realm in such beneficiall and ample manner as in any the like case hath been accustomed. And these our Letters shall be as well to you our Deputy, or any other our Governors there for the time being, as to the Chancellor or Keeper of our Great Seal there or any other officers in our said Realm whom it may concern hereafter sufficient warrant and Documents relating to Trinity College. 375 discharge in this behalf. Given under our Signet, at our Manor of Greenwich, the last day of April in the two and fortieth year of our Reign. Irrot in Patent Cancellariae HiherniaB decimo tertii die Julii Anno quadragesimo secundo Regni DominaB Nostrae Elizabeth Dei Gratia Angliae Franciae et Hibernia3 Reginse Fidei Defensoris per me Ja- cobum Newman clericum in officio Antonii St. Leger Militis Magistri Rotulorum. XYII. [The following is the earliest existing list of the Scholars of the College, extracted from a memorandum-book of Luke Chaloner in the College Library, as noticed by Dr. O'Donnavan : ] SCHOLARS OF THE COLLEGE, FEBRUARY 4, 1612. 1. Sir Best, sen. [B.A., 1611"]. 2. Sir Coine, sen. [B.A., 1610]. 3. Sir Holland, sen. [B.A., 1612; M.A., 1613]. 4. Sir Johns [or Jones, M.A., 1614; Fellow, 1615]. 5. Sir Coine, jun. [B.A., 1612]. 6. Sir Wilson [B.A., 1610]. 7. Sir Waynwright [M.A., 1614; Fellow, 1615], 8. Sir Taylor [M.A., -1614; Fellow, 1615], 9. SirRam[M.A., 1614; Fellow, 1615]. 10. Smith [B.A., 1613]. 11. Robinson [B.A., 1613]. 12. Bromfeyld [B.A., 1613]. 13. Daniol. 14. Boning [Bonning, B.A., 1613]. 15. Lighbone, jun. [William, B.A., 1613]. 16. Lighbone, sen. [Thomas, B.A., 1614]; 17. Goodwin. 18. Fox [M.A., May, 1618]. 19. Paget [B.A., 1617; M.A., 1618; Fellow, 1617J. 20. Sherwod. 21. Brodlye [Fellow, 1618]. 22. Hoyle [Fellow, 1617]. 23. Maxfeyld [Maxwell, B.A., 1616; M.A., 1619; Fellow, 1617]. [To which follow these names : ~] Fitzwilliams ; Dan. Lysagh [B.A., 1613]; Moylan; Callonon 376 Appendix. [B.A., 1614] ; Payton [B.A., 1614] ; Tho. Lysagh ; Clinton [B.A., 1617]; Fitzsimons; Jenings [B.A., 1616; Hay; Nelli ; Nele Moloy [B.A., 1616] ; Teg.Donolan[B.A., 1617 ; M.A., 1620] ; Will Donolan [B.A., 1617; M.A., 1620]; Kog. O'Flerty ; Snell [B.A., 1614; M.A., 1617] ; Remington ; Adam Usher [B.A., 1616]; Job. Patrikes [B.A., 1617; M.A., 1620] ; John Wiggens [? Wiggetts, B.A., 1617 ; Fellow, 1622]; Osborn; Crowly ; Corwine ; Hogan ; Cusac [B.A., 1617]; Baskerfeld [Baskerville, B.A., 1618]; Ward [B.A., 1620]; Linch [B.A., 1618]; SettellJ; Lysagh. An Answer on behalf of the PKOYOST AND FELLOWS OF THE COLLEGE, for the satisfaction of such whom it may concern to be informed touching the present state of the said College. (March 3, 1613.) Whereas there are some exceptions taken to the proceedings held in the College : The first of them is this, viz. : Objection 1. That the pensions and rents of lands which are 1 100 per annum, granted by his Majesty [James I.], are not employed to the maintenance of so many students as is meet and was intended. Answer. It is true that we have in grant from his Majesty, and in just title, so much as is particularised in the objection : but we have it not in payment and use as yet. Out of Munster we received an 100 per an : out of Ulster our payments are for the 2 first years but 500 per an : whereof hath been received hitherto only 300 : but of the said pension there hath been satisfied unto us so much as the present necessity of the times would permit : which being uncertain cannot be rated so as the sum of our receipts in sure and certain yearly payment at this present is not above 700 That this whole sum is, spent on the maintenance of students may appear hereby. First, whereas there are of students maintained at the charge of the College 65 ; namely 57 scholars and 8 fellows. The diet of these is per an : 349. Secondly, the yearly fees for the Provost, the Pro- fessors of Divinity and Humanity, the Bursar and Deans, other officers- and servants, for fuel and reparations, for the King's rents, do amount unto 394. Wherefore considering that our disbursements are fully answerable to our receipts, and that we are to reserve out of them for a stock for increase of commons and fees, and for buildings also, some convenient proportion of money per an : , we cannot in reason be charged with this imputation of not maintaining a sufficient number of students. When we are assured of our receipts, we will make it known unto those under whose authority and government we live, Documents relating to Trinity College. 377 that we have employed them to the use and service for which they were given. We are now upon the point of growing to some issue with Sir James Hamilton for our lands in Ulster, which "being once accomplished, we will with all resolution and readiness endeavour the settling of the state of the College both for the number and allowance of the students ; for the mean time we do humbly pray that our proceedings may receive an honorable and equal interpretation. Oljection 2. The second exception is that the said College is of little use to the State, and therefore his Majesty is at a needless charge. Answer. This objection is refuted by drawing into consideration the number of able and -sufficient men for service of the State yielded and issued from this College within the compass of 16 years. This number, together with such as remain in the College and are fit for employment abroad, is about 46. Many of these are yet living and known men, viz. : The Archbishop of Tuam. Mr. Ankers at Athlone. Eishop King. Mr. Smith in Meath. Dean Welsh, preacher at Mr. Pillan in Meath. Galway. Mr. Goulborne in Kildare. Dr. Usher. Mr. Cock now about Bangor. Dr. Richardson. Mr. Pemerton in Meath. Mr. Lee, Dean of Cork. Mr. Andrew Donnellan in Mr. Ambrose Usher, preacher Munster. in Louth. Mr. Lally in Conaught. Mr. Hill, preacher in Dublin. Mr. Hughes in Dublin. Mr. Egerton, ,, Mr. Nelly in the Cavan. Mr. Smith, ,, Mr. Bolger at Kilkenny. Mr. Lee at Einglas. Mr. Phillips in Meath. Mr. Robinson in Meath. Oljection 3. That the Irish are not entertained but the English. Answer. There are at this present 30 of the Irish. And in case we could have procured a greater number of them, we would in our choice and admission willingly have preferred them before the English ; besides this Kingdom being in sundry parts thereof planted with the Britons, we are to have some regard of them. 378 Appendix. Objection 4. That the carriage of the Students is contrary to good order and discipline. Answer. If we labour to prevent disorders and punish them when we find them to be committed, this imputation can take no hold of us. That we do both the one and the other we shall be ready to justify when we shall be called to an account. Objection 5. No execution of the orders set down by the Visitors. Answer. This is (under correction) a bare surmise. XVIII. From MR. EGERTON at London, to PROVOST TEMPLE, Feb. 1, 1614. MY DUTY REMEMBERED UNTO YOU, SIR, Sleepiness of the Time here affords no Matter of Novelty, nor any thing else that is much worthy of Observation. For I think it were no News to report of the Court as the Poet spake of Home, especially in the Obtaining of Pardons and Preferments, that Omnia Venalia Romae : but here no course else availeth. The Lord Chancellor can- not have a cold, but it is thought he's dangerously sick ; so that the report goes that Lawyers and Bishops become competitors for the succession^ Of Bishops, Neale, Bishop of Lincoln, has the possession of the King's Ear : of the Nobility, Somerset still continues the King's Favourite, in so extraordinary a Manner that the rest are in com- parison obscure. My Lord of Canterbury is so encumbered with multiplicity of Business that he hath not yet questioned with me concerning Matters of Formality, or any thing else in the College : only he asked me how the Pension was paid when I gave him the Note of our College Means. And I answered him in respect of Mr Treasurer, that he dealt well with us in our Payment, which he liked well : and if I had said otherwise, I think Mr Treasurer had heard of it. It is good you be earnest with him there ; for I see no hope of any Treasure to be sent from hence before Easter, nor soon after. I pray you Sir to deal effectually with Sir James Hamilton that Cap- tain Gore may have the Land, or some contentment before I return otherwise I shall be put to much Trouble, which will not be with Sir James's credit : and likewise that he should deliver to you some rea- sonable satisfaction for the half year's Eent to my Use. Mrs Temple's Documents relating to Trinity College. 379 things had been sooner sent, had I sooner met with a trusty Messenger. Concerning the Progress I have made in our Business, I have certified you in a Letter to yourself and the Fellows. I protest to you that I have found so painful and so chargeable a taunt of it, that if I be not better dealt withall in the end than in the beginning, I shall have great cause to think myself hardly dealt withall. Hoping your Fur- therance in what may tend to my Good, I commit you to the Lord ; and rest ready to perform all good Offices unto you. JOHN EGEBTON. XIX. Proposal of ARCHBISHOP ABBOTT, dated 4th February, 1614, entitled, A Copy of his Instructions for settling the University and College, near Dublin. For the settling of an University and College, as well as of the College near Dublin, his Majesty is to be humbly entreated to direct his gracious letter to the Lord Deputy, the Lord Chancellor, and Lord Primate of Ireland, requiring them that a draft may be made by his Majesty's learned Council there, wherein certain bounds may be set of an University, which may contain within them such places as have or may have learned men in them, within some certain small compass, that all these may convene to the election of a Chancellor or Vice- Chancellor, to the making of Statutes, granting degrees, and doing other solemn acts fit for an University tending to piety and advance- ment of learning, so that they be not contrary to the laws of that Kingdom ; also a capacity for this body of the University to receive lands and tenements to the value of 100 yearly, if God shall move good men's hearts to bestow it, and to have a common seal, and to appoint or elect proper officers or servants ; to have also a place or places to assemble in for their public acts or meetings, and to give unto the Chancellor and his Yice- Chancellor jurisdiction which may serve to coerce those of the University within the bounds of the same ; and to do other acts fit for such a Government, so that it dont infringe the liberties and priviledges of the City of Dublin or of the Arch- bishop there : the names of the Chancellor, Archbishop of Dublin, the Vice-Chancellor, and some eminent persons, to be inserted. For the better stablishing of this a copy is to be taken of the Act of Parliament which founded the two Universities of England in the 380 Appendix. days of Queen Elizabeth, as also of the Charter which giveth the bounds and some priviledges to the University of Oxford, which as I think is the Charter of King Henry the fifth, both which I will take care shall be obtained at Oxford. 2 dly . His Majesty is to be humbly moved that the said letters may contain in them also a power to be given to the Lords above named to cause a draft to be made distinctly, and by itself, of the foun- dation and new erection of the College of or near Dublin, standing in the University of Dublin, and this to mention his Majesty as a founder, King James together with Queen Elizabeth, to make it a Corpora- tion, with a power to receive all the Lands, Annuities, &c., which it now hath and enjoyeth, in as large an extent as now they have them, without challenge of intrusion, sureption, &c., which trouble- some men may, peradventure, by way of molestation, hereafter un- justly disquiet them with ; to have a common Seal, and power to let and set, together with all such other like circumstances as be con- tained in the former foundation ; to give to them the power to confirm the Statutes that now are, or to add to them, or to alter them, and namely to cessate and annihilate that Clause which forbiddeth any to stay in the College longer than seven years after they be Masters of Arts. In the Statutes to set down the set number of the Fellows and Scholars, as also the allowance for the Provost, Fellows, and Scholars, and for the receivers, officers, and servants of the College, as well for their diet, as wages, livings, and other necessaries, that there be no cause of contention afterwards ; the present Provost and Fellows, and some of the present Scholars, to be named in the Corporation instead of the rest. These two drafts before they be sealed to be sent over into England to the Lord Archbishop of Canterbury, that his Majesty be acquainted with all before it be fully perfected. G. CANT. A Note declaring how far the PROVOST AND SENIOR FELLOWS think Jit to yield to the Proposition made for Surrendering their Charter. To THE RIGHT HONORABLE THE LORD CHANCELLOR. Whereas it is required of us the Provost and Fellows of the College to make known how far we think fit to yield to the Propo- sition made unto us for the Surrender of our Ancient Charter ; it may Documents relating to Trinity College. 381 please your Lordship to take knowledge what our humble Desire is herein 1 . It is desired that there may be two distinct Charters : one for the College, and another for the University, and yet that the Ancient Charter, notwithstanding our acceptance of a new, be kept on foot : And what shall be judged by us meet not to be altered, the same may receive an express confirmation in the New. And particularly that these privileges and clauses hereafter named may remain in Force and Strength : viz. the Privilege of enacting Statutes by the Provost and Fellows for the Government of the College, with the advice of the Visitors : of Electing the Provost by the Fellows, and that the same Visitors which are named in the Old Charter may, without addition of others, be continued. 2. It is and hath been our humble and affectionate suit, with all dutiful acknowledgments on our Part of his Majesty's Royal Bounty to the College, that he may in the said new Charter be joined in the honor of the Foundation with Queen Elizabeth. 3. Whereas there is Exception taken to our Statutes, we do intreat that they may here be revised and examined by the Lord Deputy and the Visitors. And in case any of them shall be convinced of unworthi- ness and unfitness for the government of this Society, we profess that according unto the Duty we owe unto the College, we will upon notice hereof, and with the advice of his Lordship and the said Visitors, forthwith proceed to reform them. 4. We hold it a matter of good consequence that so many of our Statutes be enacted and authorized for perpetual and unchangeable Laws as shall be thought worthy to receive that honour and pre- rogative. XX. To the MOST HONOURABLE LORD, THE LORD ARCHBISHOP OE CANTERBURY'S GRACE, our Most Worthy Chancellor. We the Provost and Fellows of the College near Dublin, being for some just regards humble suitors to his Majesty for a new Charter, do in all humility beseech your Grace, that whereas for the obtaining thereof the surrender of our Old Charter and Statutes is required as an 382 Appendix. act on our part needful, you would be pleased to confer with your own noble and judicious heart, and by it examine whether the reasons underneath set down be not of moment, and such as may well warrant our forbearance on the said surrender : 1 . Forasmuch as whatsoever can in reason and equity be demanded of us, either for joining his Majesty with the late Queen Elizabeth in the honour of founding the College or settling the state and govern- ment of it, may receive perfection and accomplishment without such surrender ; it is apparent that the said surrender is not important and needful. 2. The Charter to be surrendered being the only authentic instru- ment and evidence whereby we hold the Lands, Privileges, and Grants enjoyed by the College ; and by Virtue whereof we have performed all Grants and Acts passed by us since the Erection of the same : if we proceed to the acomplishing the said surrender, we shall in the opinion of our learned Counsell open a passage to sundry questions, interpreta- tions, and exceptions, touching the validity of our Title to the said Lands and Privileges : whereas by keeping the old Charter on foot and in Force, notwithstanding the Acceptance of a New, we may have, as it were, a double String to the Bow of the College ; and so carry our- selves herein according to the Direction of good Precedents in England and Ireland. 3. We being tyed by a Special Oath to maintain the said Charter, and discerning the said Surrender to be a matter of no Necessity or Advantage, other than such as may be attained unto without the said Surrender, do humbly intreat we may be at liberty to use our consciences in this behalf. 4. Touching the Eesignation of our Statutes ; though they have been framed after the pattern of the best Laws in Cambridge, and have also received approbation of their fitness from your Grace, from the visitors of the College, and from the Practice and Experience of seven years, yet, to the end it may appear how much we regard the public good of the said College above private respects, we profess that if the Statutes already made shall be found defective in Number or partially conceived or otherwise unfit for the Government of that Society, we would be ready, whensoever Projects of other fitter Statutes shall be propounded unto us by your Grace, to receive and enact them for perpetual Laws of said College. Lastly. The said Provost and Fellows being in the new intended Documents relating to Trinity College. 383 Charter of the University authorized with others of the Academical Senate, to enact Statutes for the Government thereof : It is humbly referred to consideration, whether they may not with good warrant of Reason be allowed to prescribe laws for the College likewise. XXI. [August 14, 1614.] Answer to the LORD CHANCELLOR touching the Surrender of our Charter. MAY IT PLEASE YOUR LORDSHIP, We have perused the Letter sent to your Lordship from our most honorable Chancellor, the Lord Archbishop of Canterbury's Grace, wherein we observe as dispersed in every passage thereof sundry Testimonies of his noble care for the good of this Society. As we do in all humble and thankful sort acknowledge the same, so shall we be willing to yield his Grace a good Account of our Readiness to entertain an offer tending to so worthy an end. Howbeit, for the present, for- asmuch as the Surrender of the College Charter, and the whole State thereof is the matter of Extraordinary Moment, and such as wherein we are to proceed with all mature Deliberation and Advice, least thro' want of good Counsell in Law, we should commit some errors, which may be of special Prejudice to the said College, and for that they, whose Direction and Advice we desire to use, are at this instant em- ployed in his Majesty's Service abroad, we do for those regards humbly intreat your Lordship that we may be spared from being further pressed to give Answer to the Proposition made for the said Surrender till we may have the Opportunity of conferring with our learned Counsell, At what Tyme we shall be forthwith ready to proceed ac- cordingly for the Advancement of the common good of this Society. Your Lordship ever to be commanded, the Provost and Fellows of the College, near Dublin. WILLIAM TEMPLE, Provost. ANTH. MARTIN. JOHN EGERTON. JAMES DONELLAN. ROB. USSHER. 384 Appendix. XXII. Second Answer to the LORD CHANCELLOR, wherein is set down our Suit to the LORD ARCHBISHOP OP CANTERBURY'S GRACE, for the Managing of our Charter Business here in Ireland. IT MAY PLEASE YOUR LORDSHIP, In our former answer to the Proposition made touching the Sur- render of our College Charter and the Enlargement of the University, we imparted with your Lordship our Eeadiness to a further proceeding in that Cause upon Conference had with our learned Counsell. Foras- much as we have of late conferred thereof with some other worthy Friends and of special note for their Knowledge in Law, we do now present to your Lordship this our Second Answer in the nature of an humble Suit, namely that whereas the addressing of some one amongst us into England to negotiate this Service in Question and to solicit the Dispatch of the same, will prove not only a Matter of great charge to the College, but subject likewise to some Disability on the part of our Agent, howsoever well instructed from hence, to clear and resolve such difficulties and scruples as are likely to occur in the Debating of this Business and the incidents thereto ; it may therefore please your Lordship, for the Considerations mentioned, to afford us your honorable Mediation with our most Honorable Chancellor the Lord Archbishop of Canterbury's Grace, that a cause of this Quality and consequence to our Society may here be managed, debated, and concluded, and what shall be assented to and agreed upon by us, with the Advice of our learned Counsell, the Assent of the Lord Deputy, Lord Chancellor, and the Lord Primate, for the public good of the said Society, the Eight Honorable the Lord Deputy may by special Letters from his Majesty be authorized to pass the same under the Great Seal of this Kingdom. Which motion is the rather propounded by us in that we have been informed by Sir John Davis, his Majesty's Attorney, that his Grace having since seene the Letter concerning this subject sent from him to your Lordship is pleased that a course of this kind should be held. Your Lordship's ever to be commanded, the Provost and Fellows of the College, near Dublin. October 26, 1614. Documents relating to Trinity College. 385 XXIII. Instruction for the PEOVOST, May, 1616, at his going for England ab* the Coll. Cause touching the Surrender of our Charters. "Whereas you are to present unto the L d Abp. of Canterbury his Grace, our most Worthy Chancellor, the project of two distinct Charters, the one for the Coll., the other for the University, you are entreated to use your best endeavours upon allowance made of them on the part of his Grace, to procure his Majesty's Direction and commandment for passing the said Charters under the Great Seal of this Kingdom. And whereas the Provost and Fellows have been moved entirely and absolutely to surrender their old Charter with -all and singular the Clauses and Privileges granted therein ; iff you shall be urged thereto, you may take knowledge that we are in regard of the Inconveniencies which may accompany such a Surrender utterly dissuaded by our learned Counsell from holding a course of that nature; and therefore that we do humbly desyre to be spared and pardoned in this behalf as being resolved upon the Alteration of certain Clauses only, and not of every several branch thereof. Forasmuch as Question is made of one principall particular comprised in the Project of the Charter for the College, viz. of the same Privilege and Power to be granted unto the Provost and Fellows of making Statutes and Laws for the good Government of this Society, which formerly was granted to them in the old Charter by the late Q. Eliz. of famous memory, and afterwards confirmed by his Majesty : As you may in case the said Question and Proposition be renewed, with the greatest respect you can, labour to satisfy his Grace, soe may you in all reverent and dutiful sort intreat that the Provost and Fellows may not be pressed to disclaim and quit their Interest to soe worthy a prerogative, making it known withall that they have with a general consent agreed upon the reteyning of the same, in regard of their oath formerly taken to maintain the Privileges of their Charter. 4. If it be objected that we have not used the benefit of the said Privilege, or that in the use thereof we have failed, partly thro' partial and misguided respects, and partly thro' Ignorance of what is fitting for the Direction and Government of Coll. affayres : you are touching the former branch of this Imputation, to let his Grace understand that 2C 386 Appendix. we cannot justly be charged with the defect of care and dutie therein, as may appear by a Book of Statutes subscribed with our hands. As for the latter part of the said Imputation, you may remember unto his Grace that our Statutes have received Approbation from a long Practice of them amongst us from the Visitors here, and lastly from his Grace himself, according to whose censure we reformed them ; and here again you may offer them to be reviewed and re-examined, yea, to be compared with the Lord Primate's project. 5. In this Question of the Statutes you may profess that howso- ever it cannot stand with our Oath and Duty to the Coll : to quit the said Privilege, yet in case any Projects of fit and good Statutes be propounded unto us, we shall shew a special Readiness, upon notice and Examination had of their fitness, to receive and enact them by our generall consent for Statutes of the College. 6. We do recommend unto your care the filling up of the Coll: Book out of the Escheated lands in Longford and elsewhere, and for this purpose we are well content that you should use our Names in your proceeding. And further our desyre is that you should hold in speciall remembrance our Advowsons and take such course that we may not be disappointed of the Benefit intended by his Majesty to the Coll : in the Grant of them. JOHN EGEHTON. EDW. WARBEN. Jo. PIDDOCKE. JOHN PICKMAN. Eo. USSHEE. [The following two entries relative to this transaction are taken from the Register: ] "On May 13, 1616, It was agreed that the Provost repairing into England about the public good and service of the College, and particularly for procuring two distinct Charters, the one for the College, the other for the University, should have towards his charge 13s. per diem as often as he taketh any journey from London to the Court, and 8s. per diem as long as he resteth and rideth not ; and from Chester to London, and back again, 4 over and above 8s. per diem." "Doctor (James) Ussherwas chosen to supply the Place of Vice- Provost the day above written, during the Provost's absence, it being first agreed that the Statute de Vice Praeposito, lately enacted, should not be put in execution till the Provost's return." Documents relating to Trinity College. 387 XXIV. Reasons moving the PROVOST and FELLOWS OF THE COLLEGE NEERE DUBLIN to forbear a total Surrender of their Charter and Priviledges comprised therein. 1 . According to the said Priviledge which doth direct and license the Provost and Fellows above named for their better proceeding in this particular to procure from the Univ. of Camb : Copies of the best Laws and orders in any of the Colleges there, they have, upon their obteyning from thence of so worthy a pattern and Direction, made and enacted a certeyn number of Statutes for the good government of the said College, which having rec d approbation of their fitness for that Service, first from the Visitors of the Coll., 2 dly from their most worthy Chancellor, and lastly from the Experience and Practice of 7 years in that Society : The said Provost and Fellows doe for these regards humbly intreat that they may not be urged to disclaim and surrender the said Statutes, unless it appear that they correspond not with the public good of that Corporation. 2. The said Provost and Fellows being tyed by their Oathes to maynteyne the Priviledges of their Charter, and not discerning as yet any sufficient Ground for their Dispensation in this behalf, do in all humility become Suitors that they may be at Liberty to use their consciences therein; professing in the meantime that in case any Projects of fit and good Statutes be propounded unto them, they will shew special readiness upon notice of their fitness to receive and enact them by their generall consents for unchangeable Statutes of the College. 3. Whereas the principall End of the Motion made for altering the Charter of the Coll. is, that his Majesty may in the Honor of founding the same be joyned with the late Queen Eliz th ; forasmuch as this is with all thankfull Acknowledgment of his Majesty's royal Bounty assented unto, and for that it may receive full Accomplish- ment without any such Surrender as is required : The said Provost and Fellows do leave to be examined whether a further pressing of the said Surrender be a matter important and needful. 4. Whereas the Instructions sent from his Majesty concerning the Business in Question do require the Commissioners to confirm the 2 c 2 388 Appendix. Statutes already made, and so consequently do approve in the Provost and Fellows a Power given them for the Managing and Execution of the said Priviledge ; it is humbly desired that till the Statutes already made, and which have been so long time in use, be convinced of unworthiness, they may be suffered to remain in their former force and strength. 5. Whereas the new intended Charter for the University of Dublin doth grant to the Academical Senate of that Corporation a power to make Statutes fit for an University. Forasmuch as the Provost and Masters of Arts of the College, of whom principally and for the most part the Academical Senate doth consist, are by the said new intended Charter authorized, with others, to enact Laws for the said University, it is humbly referred to consideration, whether they may not with as good warrant of reason be allowed to advise upon and prescribe Statutes for the Coll. 6. "Whereas the Provost is urged to a Surrender on his Part of the said Priviledge ; it may please your Lordships to take knowledge that by the Charter of the Coll. standing yet in force, the Provost cannot perform an Act of this Nature without the consent of the Fellows, he being likewise restrained from attempting the same by their particular Instructions to that Purpose : And therefore he doth most humbly in- treat that, till Conference had with the said Fellows about the matter in Question, he may be no further pressed in this behalf. 7. The Surrender of Charters and Priviledges hath ever had for the ground thereof the Consideration of some special Advantage ; but in the case of the Surrender required, whether it will prove a matter of advantage to us to lose a worthy priviledge, and so to offer a Pre- judice to our Successors and to draw upon ourselves the censure of "Weakness and Insufficiency to manage the same, I do in all humility leave it to be considered by your Lordships. 8. Lastly. Whereas the Surrender of the said Priviledge and Statutes is so urgent as that it is to be accompanied with a total and Absolute Resignation of our Charter ; forasmuch as in the opinion of our learned Counsell, a resignation of that Nature may occasion sundry Questions, Interpretations and Exceptions, touching the Validity as well of Grants made to the College as of Grants and Acts performed by the College, we have been advised by them so to proceed in this business as to keep the old Charter on foot and in force, notwithstand- ing our acceptance of the new. Documents relating to Trinity College. 389 XXV. A Letter from the LORDS OF THE COUNCIL concerning the Vacancy of the Provost's Place of this College of Dublin. Reed. 6 Martii, 1624. January 28, 1624. To our very good Lord, the Lord VISCOUNT FALKLAND, Lord Deputy of the Kingdom of Ireland. After our very hartie Commendations to your Lordship. As his Majesty hath always most graciously cherished all those endeavours and courses which might conduce to the Advancement of Religion and Learning ; So your Lordship knoweth in how particular a manner and large measure he hath for that cause and for the generall good of that Kingdom extended his Roy all favour to the College at Dublin. Now whereas he considereth in his princely "Wisdom that the fruit and effects of his pious care and hounty which he justly expecteth from thence do principally consist in the good government of the said College, he hath therefore been pleased to command that in the vacancy of the Provost's place, whensoever it shall happen, present Advertisement be given thereof to his Majesty and of the person whom they shall intend to elect to such a charge. But that they proceed not to any Election until they shall understand his Royall pleasure, of which, and his Majesty's command in this behalf we do hereby pray your Lordship to take due notice and with all to cause this our Letter to be entered upon Record, that it may serve for a perpetual Rule and Direction in this case whereof nothing doubting we bid your Lordship very hartily farewell. From "Whitehall, the 28th Jan. 1624. GEO. CANT. MONTGOMERY. THOS. EDMONDS. RICH. WESTON. JUL. CAESAR. H. MANDEVELL. OL. GRANDISON. Jo. SUCKLINGE. ARUNDEL & SURREY. ARTHUR CHICHESTER, 390 Appendix. XXVI. Documents connected with the appointment of PROVOST, after SIR WILLIAM TEMPLE'S death. A controversy dependeth between the Senior and Junior Fellows about the election of a new Provost, the Seniors maintaining it to be in their power only, and the Juniors no less for themselves. The which case being skanned and controverted by the Visitors, or by as many of them as could be brought together, it was adjudged to the Junior Fellows that of right they should have a voice in choosing the Provost, but because of my Lord Primate's (the prime visitor as Yice- Chancellor) absence, it took no effect. Soon after the Seniors chose one Mr. Joseph Mede, a Cambridgeman, their Provost, and so pro- claimed him openly in the Hall to be so reputed. Mr. Temple Bursar, and Mr. Floyd, Senior Fellow, by the consent of the Seniors, went for England to bring him or another with them. The Junior Fellows, to the number of five, viz. Mr. Travers, Mr. Thomas, Mr. Gearalt, Mr. Jordan, and Mr. Lysaght, chose Dr. Robert TJssher for a Provost, and had him sworn that very day, being the last allowed us by our Charter and Statutes. College Register. It appears from Mede's Works, p. 731, that by letter of March 15, 162f, the Senior Fellows, viz. Jo. Brodby, Jo. Johnson, Edward Parry, Jo. Wigget, JSTath. Lynch, Ran. Adams, did inform Mede of their having elected him, and sent two Senior Fellows to bring him over. This offer he declined, and in his answer of the 16th of April alleged as reasons the great difference accompanying their election, and the great inconveniences that he foresaw must follow thereon. He formally resigned the appointment on July 4, 1627. " Autograph Letter from JOSEPH MEADE to the FELLOWS or TRINITY COLLEGE, DUBLIN, declining the Provostship, dated Christ's Coll. July 4. 1627." (MS.-E. 2. 19 No. 1.) WORTHY GENTLEMEN, Your love & good opinion of a person so much unknowne unto you as my self e hath so f arre obliged me to your Societie that an Documents relating to Trinity College. 391 answere by Ire is no way sufficient to acknowledge it. I confesse I owe a great & a reall recompence which I neuer must nor will f orgett. Yet so it is, that hoth the Difference which befell in your kind elec- tion, with those inconveniences which I saw must needes haue fol- lowed thereupon towards my self e ; besides the consciousness of mine owne disabilities & infirmities, which gaue me just cause to doubt that I should not satisfie that expectation which would be of a stranger fetched from so farre, hath deterred me from adventuring upon that honour which you so lovingly & freely conferred upon me : which therefore I must & do fully & as freely resigne into your hands againe, hoping that God will direct you in the choise of some other both more able & worthie to take y* charge upon him. Howbeit as I shall never forget this so undeserved a favour, so will I ever account my selfe to have henceforth that relation to your worthie Societie, which shall bind me, as affectionatly to love & pray for the prosperity thereof, as if I were a Member & if God should euer give me opportunitie & meanes no lesse to endeauour it. In the meane time I heartily desire Almightie God to blesse you & will euer remaine Your obliged freind Christ CoK. JOSEPH MEAD. July 4. 1627. The Address on the outside of the Letter is To the worft. & worthie Societie & his much esteemed freinds the Fellowes of Trinity Colledg in the University of Dublin in Ireland. 392 Appendix. XXVII. Letter from the AECHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY (Dr. Abbott), suggesting MR. BEDELL as Provost. To my very loving friends the SENIORS and other FELLOWS of TRINITY COLLEGE, near Dublin, give these Salutem in Christo. I am sorry that upon the death of your late Provost there was such distraction in your election, that for all the time since your College has been forced to be without the principail Governor thereof. But it hath at length pleased his Majesty to give a remedy thereunto by appointing unto you for that Place Mr. Beedle, a man of great worthe, and one who hath spent some time in parts beyond the seas, and so cometh unto you better experienced than an ordinary person. You shall do well to yield unto him all Eeverence and Respect, which will not only be a good contentation to his Majesty but a comfort unto him, that having left his country and friends here he may find a quiet harbour to rest in there, with the good affection and lyking of those with whom he is to converse. I have looked into the Question : "Whether the Seniors or the whole Society be to make Election of such places as are voyd within your house ; but do evidently find that in the constitution of your College (as things stand now) it doth appertain to the sett number of your Auncients, and not to the generality which should be no discontentment to the Juniors, because in progress of time, themselves may ascend unto that which the others enjoy. I have no more to recommend unto you, but that in the election of your Fellows and Scholars you should ever have a principail care of the bringing in of the Natives of that country, for to that end your College was princi- pally founded, and both God and the King, together with all good men, may and do expect so much at your hands. And so praying the God of Peace to direct all your wayes in peace and love one to another, and to bless all your Studies to the honour of his name and to the Good of his Church, I forbear to be further troublesome unto you, but rest your very loving friend and Chancellor. G. CANT. LAMBETH, June 2, 1627. Documents relating to Trinity College. 393 XXVIII. CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN THE SENIOR FELLOWS AND MR. BEDELL. Letter from the SENIOR FELLOWS to MR. WILLIAM BEDELL, B.D. WORTHY SIR, The Provost's place of our College being become vacant, and having received ample Testimony of your worth and sufficiency heretofore from the Lord Primate, and now lately by letters out of England, one from the King's Majesty directed to the Right Honble. the Lord Deputy of this Kingdom on your behalf, and the other from the Lord of Canterbury's Grace unto the Fellows; we the Senior Fellows, according to the Power and Privilege granted to us by our Charter, and directions from the Lord Deputy to that purpose, have in a public meeting settled the election upon your worthy self, and with one consent chosen you our Provost. Our request, therefore, unto you is for your free and speedy acceptance of what we so freely tender unto you. If you call to mind the passages of matters which have befallen (whereof we doubt not but you have had intelligence from our Agents) you see your calling : that you are the man whom God hath designed for this charge ; He by His providence having frustrated all other Devices and Intentions to the contrary. Wherein we doubt not but you take to your encouragement the consideration of what great glories will redound unto God, and what good you may do unto His Church, here in this Kingdom. As for us the Seniors you shall find all hearty Entertainment from us, in giving you the present Possession of those things that belong to your Place and Government, and yielding all due respect unto you as our Provost, and as your worth deserveth. It is now half-a-year since we have been without a Head, and therefore we desire the settlement of all future Inconveniencies by your speedy settlement in the place. In the hope and expectation whereof with our best wishes we commit you to the Protection of the Almighty, and rest your assured loving friends. Jo. BROADBT, Jo. WIGGET, Jo. JOHNSON, NATT. LYNCH, EDW. PARRY. 394 Appendix. Quod fcelix faustumque sit Precamur. !N"os quorum nomina sequ- untur, Seniores Socii Collegii Sanctae et Individuae Trinitatis juxta Dublin ex resignatione Eev. Yiri Josephi Mede SSae Theologiae Baccalaurei nuper electi Praepositi, facimus, eligimus, creamus et constituimus Eev. Yirum Gul. Bedell SSse Theologiae Baccalaureum Praepositum hujus Collegii SSae et Individuae Trinitatis juxta Dublin. In cujus rei testimonium manus nostros apponi curavimus die Vicessimo sexto Junii Anno regni Serenissimi Regis Caroli tertio. Letter from MB. LLOYD, one of the Senior Fellows deputed to MB. BEDELL. To the Worshipful his much respected good friend, ME. WILLIAM BEDELL, Minister of God's Word, near St. Edmunsbury, at Horminger, be delivered. WOETHY SIB, The King's letter is now at last gotten, which I send you herein enclosed. God will make you happy in bringing you to a place where you may by his assistance do much good, and the place happy in enjoying you. The Lord of Canterbury's Grace writt to the Fellows in your behalf a letter of his approbation and commenda- tion. We send the King's letter and his Grace's as soon as possibly we can. I told his Grace that you would take some time to dispose of your Affairs here .... you had done you would repair to his .... receive such Instructions concerning the College as his Lordship should think fit to command unto you : which he did approve. I remember that I promised that before your going over you should have Letters from Ireland to invite you to a place, by obedience yielded on all hands to the King's letter, made calm and void of construction. If it would please you to think the King's letter and his Grace's sufficient, I am ready at any time to wait upon you over. If not, I hope within these three weeks or a month, letters will be come from Ireland I will persuade you neither to the one nor the other, least I should either offend the house or you, but I leave it to your own best resolution. I send likewise enclosed Sir Nath. Eich's letter to you, the contents of it I know not. I will attend upon you where and when you shall appoint me. I pray remember my best respects to Mrs. Bedell. I will not be troublesome, and therefore committing you to God's protection, and our present affairs to His good Blessing, I rest yours to command. Jo. LLOYD. LONDON, June 2, 1627. Documents relating to Trinity College. 395 [College Register.] August 13th, 1627. Whereas there hath been doubt whether the Junior Fellows ought to have voices in the Election of the Provost or no : We whose names are subscribed are satisfied in that behalf ; and do accept of Wm. Bedell by his Majesty designated to that Place as lawful Provost without further contradiction. Jo. BRODBY, Jo. WIGGET, Soc. Senior; JOHN JOHNSON, NATH. LYNCH, THOS. TEMPLE, Jo. LLOYD, EDW. PARRY, JOSEPH TRAVERS, DAVID THOMAS, RAN. ADAMS, THO. PRICE. I do except against the first clause ; but do allow of Mr. W. Bedell as Provost, by his Majesty's designment. Ric. JORDAN. I am of the same opinion. THAD. LYSAGHT. Extract from a Letter from MR. BEDELL to SIR NATHANIEL RICHE, his College Friend, when at Emmanuel College. Having taken upo me y e place, I endeavoured to sow up the rent betweene y e fellowes, & to y* end appointed a communi5 y e next Sonday (a thing intermitted these 11 yeares) . Then ordered the members of o r governing senate, I meane y e seniors . removeing (as by o r charter we were bound) such as by tyme after their degree of M r of Arts were to be removed . Next we chose officers . gave ' graas ' in the house for degrees, reformed some abuses in the Chappell and Hall . As y e evening prayers were in the Hall and Philosophicall acts in the Chappell . But my next care was about the statutes, which, being part Latin, part English, & in sheetes of paper some stich'd together, some loose, and a heape w*out order, w* long p' ambles, & sometyme unnecessary, and in many thinges defective : w 1 the cosent of y e greater part of the seniors I digested into a new forme, and at last perfected, as I hope, & published in the Chappell. The state of the Colledge in respect of the Revenew & Treasure should have been the thing I would next have entered into consideratio of . But it re- quired a long tyme . And this, in short, I found, there was not money enough in the chest to pay y e commons and the stipends when y e day should come . I consigned all the bookes of former accountes into the handes of the Vice-Provost (Mr. Lloyd) & the auditor (Sir James 396 Appendix. Ware), desiring him to set me downe the Estate of the Colledge, especially in respect of Areares . which hitherto he sayd he could never doe . In as much as he had not so much as a rentall of the Colledge revenewe, but had made up every yeares account only out of what was taken out of the chest and disbursed. Wherin notw^tand- ing sundry Bursars had left in their hands large summes of the Colledge money never satisfied. And to mend the matter a custome was brought in of giving to the Senior Fellowes at their departing a Yiaticum as they call it ; which also was demanded by those Fellowes who now left their places . Eut to these Viaticums I hope I have given a Viaticum. And whenever I shall retorne to the house I hope to looke a little better to the accounts : & if it be possible to recover some of those hundreds w ch I doe already by a superficiall view perceive are unjustly w*helde fr5 the Colledge, partly received and never ac- counted ; partly lent (as is p r tended) but w*out assent of the greater part of y e Seniors ; partly lent indeede, but never repayed ; & as it is now hoped to be granted for a Viaticum to the form r Provost. S r , you may by this w ch I have in short run over, conceive what a world of busines I am put into : yet I repent me not of my jorney, though I have not had there one houre voyd of paines, trouble, or thought, nor do looke to have when I shall retourne, for many months. But if I shalbe able to settle the Colledge in a good state, for their manners, lawes, revenew, and studies, whereof in respect of many difficulties in each I have great reason to doubt, yet, the state of y e country con- sidered, now wholely assubjected to Eomish superstition, & as it seemes, in respect of religion, even abandoned by those y* should have the care and charge of it, I have little hope ever to have comfortable day there. Unlesse w* the Ap'le I could rejoice in labours and troubles, & even to be offered up on the sacrifice and service of y e faith of Gods people ; which I doe some tymes wish, and have some comfort I confesse even y* very wishing. But I should enter into a sea to goe about to relate unto y u the p'esent state of religio in Ire- land. Yourself I beleeve would scarce beleeve it possible y* in a few yeares since y r being here it should receive such a headlong downefall. I shall reserve y* to o r meeting which shalbe I hope ere long when I shall receive the Colledge, and my Lord Primate's letters, or advice y* they are in London for me. At w ch tyme also I hope to make my ex- cuse and satisfaction for my not seeing my Lord of Canterbury at my parting, being in truth required by my L. Primate to repaire to Dublin Documents relating to Trinity College. 397 w* all possible speede. I hope y u have in part made my excuse, & on any occasio will further doe it. Meanwhile desiring y u to remember my 'ble service to the Earle of Warwick, my ever honoured Lord, I commit y u to the protection of o r good God, & rest, S r , Yours ever in Christ to be commanded, W. BEDELL. Horingerth, October the 9 th 1627. To the worsh 11 and my very good friend, Sir Nathaniell Riche, at Warwick House d r these in London. Letter from THE FELLOWS OP TEINITY COLLEGE to PEOVOST BEDELL, March, 1621. REVEEENDE ET COLENDISSIME PE-EPOSITE, Quemadmodu in legibus, statutis, ac ordinationibus condendis, ac sanciendis, Charta nostrae fundationis, nee non particularia Collegij statuta Praeposito, veluti sumnio moderatori, primas detulere : Sic non a recte rationis tramite deviare videamur, si Collegij socij pro ratione officij, ac debiti obsequij Praepositi sententiam in ijsdem legibus ex- ponendis, et interpretandis expetant, et expectent : Quam ignari in ferendis legibus sint huius Collegij socij, nuperrima experientia edocta vestra novit Reverentia ; quanta imperitia Academicae societatis admini- strandse laboravimus, priusqua vestra assidua opera, diurnis laboribus, et nocturnis lucubrationibus leges, ac ordinationes pro nostro Collegio pie, et feliciter gubernando, lataa, constitutae, et confirmatse fuere tota anteacta astas, clamitat, praedicat. Huius nostrae imperitia3 probe conscij, eoru verboru, quse cap : 2 de officio et qualitate Praepositi habentur, interpretations, a,ut sententia Marte nostro meditari aut proferre ineptu ac a Collegij statutis alienu indicamus et arbitramur. An Prsepositus electus in regno Angliae ecclesiastico beneficio gaudens, contra legis istius mentem veniat, si beneficij titulo tantu reservato, totu eius emoluments vna cu animarum regimine in viru aliquem doctu et probu per aliquot annos transferat, ignoramus ; Dilucidamq, huius dubij solucionem, aut explications nostri ingenij aciem effugere, exuperare, ingenue profitemur, nee quemvis iudice teipso aptiore, aut eruditiorem ad huiusmodi scrupulos expediendos, et amovendos, nee 398 Appendix. non ad hanc litem dirimenda, sedanda, et definienda jure existima- mus ; cuius sapientiae in gubernando, candoris in judicando, pietatis ac aequinamitatis in Academico officio administrado eximia facultatem, non solum hoc Collegiu sensit, percepit, verum etiam totius regni optimates perspexerunt, perspecta summis laudibus celebrarunt, sum- mopere exoptantes, vt vestra tarn laeta, et faelicia incaepta progressus fseliciores, ac sine fine faelicissimos exitus habeant, assequantur ad divini Numinis gloriam, ad orthodoxae et evangelicaedoctrinae increments. Tandem subeat animu vestrum, obnixe rogamus, ad nos redeundi, qua possis celeritate, propositum ; cum is sis quern Deus Opt : Max : huic praepositurae praefecit, serenissim Rex noster Carolus pro regia muni- ficentia, et in hanc Academia summa benevolentia huic officio destinavit, celeberrimaqj Accademia Cantabrigiensis Universa sua supellectile cum doctrinsD, et eruditionis, turn religionis, et pietatis, locupletavit ; in quo spem salutis suae potissimu non solum nostra Academia, sed vniversa Hibernise Ecclesia reposuit, in quo vno gloriee suae fructu collocavit : Age ergo et mente et cogitatione tuo complectere quibus et quam validis rationibus adductus sis in incaeptis permanere, nee a munere suscepto animu vestrum retrahi, aut retardari patiaris : faeli- cissimum tibi regressu fore, ac maturii ad nos reditu expectamus, ac summis Yotis, officij nostri, ac amoris non immemores, expectamus. Eeverentiae Yestrae amantissimi et studiosissimi, LINCH. Jo : JOHNSON. JOSEPH TEAYEES. DAVID THOMAS. GULI : FITZ GEEALD. RAN : J : ADAMS. DUBL: COLL: 22 March, 1627. [1621] Letter from PEOVOST BEDELL to the FELLOWS. MY LOVING BEETHEEN COLLEAGUES, with my unfeigned Love remembered. Altho' neither by the joint Letters of you all, nor by the particular of any one I have received any certain Advertisement of the state of things there ; yet by common fame I understand of the Troubles and stirs which have been since my coming thence, which God knows how grievous they have been to my Heart. I did at the Documents relating to Trinity College. 399 first expect your Letters to our Chancellor which you put me in hope should not be long after me ; in respect whereof you also intreated me not to make too speedy repair to his Grace, which hath been the reason that I forbore these five months to present myself to him. In which space I have not been idle, but mindful of the Business you committed to me have made of a Draught of the University Statutes, with a Mitigation of the Charter for Exclusion of Fellows at seven years standing, Masters of Arts : and which methought with the same labour might be effected of a new Patent for the University without the least Prejudice to our Charter or College, and as I hope to the great good of the University, Church and Kingdom. Upon Advertisement of my Lord of Canterbury's calling to Parliament, I repaired to this place, the day after he came being March 26th, and presented myself to him. After other speech I acquainted him with your desire and my Draught of the Patent and Statutes. One chapter whereof he heard read. He told me he had been moved about altering a like Statute in Emanuel College complained of by the Fellows, and how he was utterly against any change therein. I shewed him the difference : for they were not removed in Emanuel College, till they were Doctors and a year after. And that the Faculty of Divinity could never subsist in our University, if as soon as any should come to be fit to be Eachelors in it, they must be removed. In sum he re- quired that my Lord Primate and the University might be moved to examine the whole Project maturely, and as his Words were, to try it with Gold Weight, and after he would consider and concur as need should require. I have now sent the draught of both Patent and Statutes to my Lord Primate, which it shall be your parts to further as you may. I wrote to you in Novr., intreating you to join in Petition to my Lord Deputy about the 40 granted by concordatum for the Lecture at Christ Church, but never yet heard what you did in it. I wrote also in January, intreating your Opinions of a Clause in the Statute, De Qualitate et officio Praepositi, whether thereby you conceived that I might not hold the Title to my Benefice here, for some years of tryal how able I should be for the place, relinquishing the whole Profits and Cure to another, to be nominated by the Patron and allowed by the Bishop ; but hereof I have received no answer. I have heard that sundry of the Seniors are partly removed, and partly have relinquished their places, so as I know not to whom to write, nor do understand whether the Visitors have appointed any head in Mr. 400 Appendix. Lloyd's place, whom they have displaced. If there be none, my desire is that the Senior of those in the College would take upon him the care of calling the Company together and holding peace and good order, and advertising me of such things as pass there while I am here. And if my Lord Primate do like of the Draught of the Patent and Statutes which I send, I desire that you would take them into con- sideration, that while I am here I may pass them (if it may be) and bring them with me. To which Purpose there would be some Letters framed, not only in the Name of the College from the Seniors, but of the University from his Grace and the Eegents and Non-Regents : whereof indeed I shall not need to put you in mind, save for the observing of the Decorum of our own Body. Concluding, I desire the God of Peace to be with you, and rest Your loving Brother and Colleague, . BEDELL. LOND., April 1, 1628." [See a letter of Bedell to Ussher, written on same day Parr's Z/ife, p. 387. Also another Letter to same, April 15, 1628 Parr's Life, p. 391. In this Letter Bedell told Ussher that he had informed the Archbishop of Canterbury that he feared he would be a bad Pilot in so rough seas, and that he was deaf. The Archbishop urged him to go on and not be dismayed, representing to him the future reward [a Bishoprick]. Bedell replied that if that were not he had little encouragement. He adds: "Methinks the Society itself (like the Progs in the Tale weary of the Block set over them) esteemed him neither worthy to be acquainted with the College affairs [namely, the result of the visitation], nor so much as answered in my own" [the Government Grant of 40 a-year to the Provost].] To the Eev. and Worshipful WM. BEDELL, D.D., and Provost of Trinity College, near Dublin, these give. At Horninger, near St. Edmund sbury, in Suffolk. EEV. AND WOESHIPFUL SlK, Our earnest Desire of your speedy return and present Eesidence in this College, as the present condition doth require, doth enforce us to solicit and importune you, as well by Letters as by this special Messenger, to hasten your Journey towards us. The College Affairs Documents relating to Trinity College. 401 and Welfare, as depending upon your Prudence and care in all Actions and Government thereof doth require your presence and care more and more. In this time of your absence, you know there can be no lawful admission of Students unto this Society without your Authority and approbation : there can be no conferring of Degrees either in the College or University : no Election of Fellows or Scholars : no distri- butions of chambers to such as will resort hither in expectation of your Admission. The Fellows are not to proceed against any Parties in matters of Law without consent of their Provost, for no pleadings in their name can be effectual, and without such course and Order the College is like to suffer at their hands this next Term, who have any Controversy with it for Lands or Rents. It is to be considered that the Tenants being backwards to pay their Rents will take occasion to delay their Payments, as appeareth by their Words and Actions in some part since your departure, alledging that no discharge can secure them in the absence of the Provost, and that the Authority and Power of the Fellows is no sufficient Warrant in his absence for their security from future Troubles. Some reports have possessed very many in this Kingdom that you intend to resign your Place of Provost in this Col- lege, and to continue your residence in England : which reports, as we hope, are most untrue, and such thoughts are far from your heart, whose zeal and Affection doth aim above all things at the Glory of God and the good of his Church, both which you cannot any where so much as in this Kingdom further and advance, if it please you to con- tinue and persist in your former zealous and godly resolutions : as we know no man so worthy of this government as yourself, so our Affec- tion and Duty do ever according to your deserts prefer you before all others. Your first endeavours amongst us do assure us of prosperous success in the godly Education of the Students of this Society and promise much future happiness to arise to this Church and Common- wealth by your longer residence and godly Labours. We beseech you that neither expectations of altering the College Charter, or effecting any other Matter at Court, may delay your Return. The words of discontented Men and ignorant relations of some others, ought not to divert wise men from their prudent and honest Determination, which we assure us, will be truly verified in you. Mr John Floyd is de- parted hence for England without consent or notice of the fellows : as his attempts have formerly proved, his Labours are to hinder the good of the College by his pragmatical and sinister plots. His allegations 2 D 402 Appendix. to you, we desire you to refer to full Trial at your return. He hath formerly shewed himself as ready to deny as to affirm the same things. We desire you as for the Glory of God, so for the perpetual good of this College, to persist constant in your desire to advance this Society by your presence and Residence therein : there is no place or people that love you better, or more willing and careful to encrease your means. The part of the Lecture at Christ Church, which became void by Mr Parry's departure is conferred on you : and there is good hope that the Benefice of the Treasurership of St Patrick's Church will shortly devolve unto you, which is compatible with your place in the College, as the opinion is of those that know that living best. The more ample relation of these and all other passages we refer to Mr Travers, who from us is to inform you of all Occurrences and par- ticulars according to our common directions. Your present return or Letters must settle us and all others concerning the truth of these forementioned Reports, and your Intentions and Resolutions in this behalf, both which we expect and daily wish for, beseeching God to direct and bless unto you and us all, our designs and Actions, that they may tend to his glory, the welfare of his Church, and the good of this College, which cannot longer well consist with any credit without the presence of her Provost, as her chiefest Governor, Pro- tector, and Preserver. These our relations and hearty requests of your return and presence we recommend with the dutiful remembrance of our Duties and best affections unto you ; and continue in all service and Love, most willing and desirous to procure a further Increase and Continuance of all happiness unto you as your most affectionate and truly loving well wishers. NATH. LYNCH. JOHN JOHNSON. JOSEPH TKAVEES. DAVID THOMAS. WM. FlTZGEEALD. TEIN. COLL. DUBLIN. 28 Apr. 1628. [In his petition to the King, Bedell states that in the year 1599 a Concordatum of 40 a-year was granted to the College to keep up a public and standing Lecture unto the State [in Christ Church] ; that in 1600 it was confirmed to the College for ever by Letters Patent for the maintenance of the Provost ; and in the same Letters Patent, and also Documents relating to Trinity College. 403 a further supply of 200 sterling to be paid to them quarterly, in which grant the above Concordatum of 40 was included, and paid to the College from time to time for the maintenance of the Provost and aforesaid Lecture ; and that James I. did by Royal Signet on the 12th Feb., in the 9th year of his reign, and by Letters Patent on the 28th August, in the 10th year of his reign, confirm the said yearly pen- sions and sums of money before allowed to the College, without men- tioning the 40 for the maintenance of the Provost and Lecture, as the then Provost Temple was not a Preacher, and that the 40 was still paid to the College, and the Lecture maintained by the Fellows, and at that time was filled by Bedell, whose only salary as Provost was 100 a-year. He asks that the Pension of 40 should be given to him according to the form of the ancient Concordatum and Patent of Elizabeth. A similar Petition was sent by the College on July 3, 1628, and it was returned the same day, subscribed by the Council.] XXIX. Extract from a Letter from VISCOUNT FAULKLAND, Lord Deputy of Ireland, to the FELLOWS, upon Bedell* s promotion to the See of Kilmore. DUBLIN CASTLE, 13 May, 1629. A'fter our hearty Commendations, the enclosed is extracted out of his Majesty's letter unto us of the 16th of last Month. [Extract. ~\ "And as we were pleased by our former gracious letters to establish the said William Bedell by our Royal Authority in the Provostship of the said College of the blessed Trinity, near Dublin : where we are informed that by his care and good government there hath been wrought great Reformation to our singular contentment ; so we purpose to continue our said care of that Society, being the princi- pal Nursery of Pveligion and Learning in that our Realm, and to recommend to the College some such person from whom we may expect the like worthy effects for their good as we and they have found from Mr. Bedell. This we would have you signify to the said Society to the end that they may not proceed to make their election of another Provost until they shall understand our further Resolution : 2 D 2 404 Appendix. which shall be guided by no other reason or motive but what regards their prosperity which we exceedingly affect. Neither do we make this a precedent to deprive them of any liberty granted to them by their Charter. Dated 16 April, 1629." This is a true Copy for so much Extr. per John Veel. XXX. [The following is found in the Manuscript Room (F. 1, 21) (see Dr. Todd's Introduction to the List of Graduates, 1869) : ] An Account of the Commencement when the EARL OF OSSORY took the Degree of Doctor of Laws. [The Earl of Ossory was son of the first Duke of Ormonde, and father of the second Duke.] 1. All the Doctors and Masters of the University are to meet here, hence to go formally in hoods and caps to the Castle ; thence to attend his Lordship so as the Bedel may go first, after him all the Candidates bare, the Juniors first, then the Sword and my Lord's personal atten- dants, after them my Lord himself, then the Pro-Vice-Chancellor and the Provost, after them the Lords of the Council, then the Doctors in their Scarlet, then the two Proctors, the Senior carrying his Book, after them the Bachelors of Divinity and the Masters according to their seniority. 2. As my Lord comes into the Hall, Mr. Boyle* is to receive him with a short speech by way of salutation, which done his Lordship is to pass through the Hall to the Regent House, there to take his seat, then to give oath to the Pro- Vice- Chancellor, and after to the Proctors : The Vice- Chancellorf after his Oath is to sit on a chair placed below my Lord's to the right hand, the Provost to the left, both with a table and cushion before them ; The Proctors after their Oath are to take their seats on the two sides of another table, so as their faces must be towards the Chancellor ; This table is to stand in the middle of the house, the Register at the further end of the table. The candidates are to be uncovered. * Boger Boyle, Fellow 1646, D.D. 1664, Bishop of Down 1667, and of Clogher 1627. t If this was in 1646, the Vice-Chancellor then admitted was Henry Jones Bishop of Clogher. Documents relating to Trinity College. 405 3. The Earl of Ossory's Supplication is to be made by my Lord of Meath,* in such form as his Lordship shall think fit, and then to be presented after the placets are gathered by my Lord of Meath, and after he leads him to the Pro- Vice-Chancellor, who admits him, and then the Bedell leads him to an empty chair which stands beside the Proctor's. Then the Bedel shall say thus: "Pone manum in manu magistri," which done the Bedel shall say : " Respond ebis questioni in uure Magistri sedendo "; this he must do ; have his Cap set on by the Proctor, and after he shall be led by the Bedel to his first seat. 4. Then Mr. Bishopf leads all the Supplications for the Doctors of Divinity, and by the Vice-Chancellor's direction the Bedel is to cry, Ad Scrutinium 1. After a pause he cries, Ad Scrutinium 2. Then both the Proctors gather Placets on both sides the house, and meeting at the end consult. And the Senior Proctor answers Placet or Non- Placet as they find it. If Placet the Bedel goes down and brings up the Candidates, and leading them round about the Regent house salutes all the University and brings them down again. Then he cries, Ad Scrutinium 3 : Then the Proctors gather Placets again and return Placet; and after a pause demands " Placet ut intrent;" after placets the Bedel leads the praecentor [presenter] down, and both bring up the Candidates ; the father presents them. All the Masters after they are presented are to do as the Earl of Ossory, before as the Doctors of Divinity. LORD LIEUTENANT'S^ Speech when the Instrument of Chancellor of the University was presented to him. GENTLEMEN After so learned a speech I must return you plain thanks in English. The honour you have done me I value above any I have ever received, next that I now hold from his Majesty, and shall be ready in acknowledgment thereof to serve you in all things the best I may. I shall not make protestations. This Book shall be my Judge that I shall not fail herein, although it should cost me the price it did that worthy person mentioned. [Either Straff ord or Laud.] * If this was in 1646, this was Anthony Martin, who was also Provost at the time. t Probably James Bishop, Fellow 1637, Senior Fellow (hy mandamus) 1644. J Marquis of Ormonde. 406 Appendix. XXXI. To the Right Hon. the Lords and the rest of the Visitors of the College. The humble Petition of THE SENIOR FELLOWS of Trinity College, Dublin: HUMBLY SHEWETH That whereas your Petitioners upon expiration of the College Leases have set them to the utmost of their power at a Valuable annual Rent, without receiving any fine for any, but only a Hundred Pounds for which Sir Ralph Gore holdeth. Now so it is that most of your Petitioners are shortly to leave the College, without receiving any Benefit of their labours in improving the said rent. Your Petitioners, therefore, humbly desire in regard that in all Colleges the Fellows receive Dividends at making Leases ; that your Lordships would judge it fitting that the foresaid hundred pounds be at the disposing of the Provost and Fellows who made the said Leases, and your Petitioners shall ever pray. We the Visitors of the College think it fitting that this hundred pounds be at the disposing of the Provost and those Fellows Petitioners as some recompense of their Labour in improving the College Revenues. Witness our hands, January 4, Anno Domini, 1635, CHS. FOSTER, Dubliniensis, Major. JAS. ARMACHAMUS, LA. DUBLIN. [Agreeably to this power, on Feb. 18, 16|f, the Provost and Senior Fellows took a fine for the renewal of the lease of the Tithes of Cul- mullen (given to the College for the Crowe Exhibition) for 21 years, at a fine of 20 and a rent of 10.] XXXII. WENTWORTH Whereas we are informed that some of the Youth sent to study in the "University and College near the City, called Trin. Coll., are often misguided and drawn away to mispend their precious Time in Taverns, tippling houses, and such other disorderly Places, as gives them Opportunity of idle Company, drinking and gaming, whereby, besides Documents relating to Trinity College. 407 other ill consequences of such Disorder, some must needs (to supply them in their folly and excess) run on trust and sell or pawn such things as their friends send or buy for their necessary Use. And for that we much desire to rectify those disorders, and to prevent the evil and dangerous consequences thereof. "We have therefore thought fit and so do conclude and ordain by this our Act of Council, and do accordingly straitly charge and command not only all Innkeepers and such as keep any Taverns or tippling houses in or about this City or the Suburbs or Liberties thereof that they do not admit or receive into their Inns, Taverns, or Houses, any Fellow, Student, or Scholar of the said College, to make any stay there unless such Innkeeper or such as keep such Taverns or tippling houses shall acquaint the Provost with the name of the Student that desires to make any stay there, and obtain the said Provost's approbation under his hand, but also all the Housekeepers, and other Inhabitants in and about this City and Suburbs, and Liberties thereof, that they or any of them do not entertain any of the Fellows, Students, or Scholars of the said College or University to drink or stay or spend time in their houses, or continue there in any disorder whatsoever. And that no Person whatsoever do suffer any that is a Pupil or under Tuition to run on their score with them or any of them ; or buy, take in Pawn, or receive anything from such. And for the better affecting of what we have hereby required, we do hereby authorize the Procurator of the said University for the time being, to enter into and search any such house or place as he shall suspect to harbour any of the Fellows, Scholars, or Students, in any disorderly manner and thence to bring them. And if he find any goods belonging to any that is a Pupil, of what degree soever, having a Tutor in the College, in any Man's house or keeping, to bring the same from thence, and to restore them to the Tutor of such Pupil, without paying anything for them : and forthwith to acquaint the Provost of the said College with his so doing: and to give him the Names of those in whose houses such Person or Persons as aforesaid shall be so harboured, or with whom such goods shall be found ; to the end the said Provost may then immediately make known to us the Lord Deputy, that so the Persons in whose houses or with whom such shall be found may be proceeded against for their contempts herein as shall be fit. Provided always that the said Procurator do not exercise this power, but with the consent and Approbation of the Provost under his hand, specifying both the Day and Company, which shall attend 408 Appendix. the Procurator in the Action. And to the end none may pretend Ignorance of this Act, we require the Mayor of the City of Dublin, to notify the same in and throughout the said City and Suburbs, for which a copy hereof under the clerk of the Council's hand shall be his Warrant. Given at his Majesty's Castle of Dublin, 9th Febr., 1636. AD. LOFTTJS, Cane. JA. ARMAGH ANUS. LA. DUBLIN. R. RANELAGH. T. DILLON. AD. LOFTTJS. ANT. MIDENSIS. Jo. RAPHOE. WM. CAULFIELD. CHE. WANDESFORD. Jo. BORLASE. GER. LOWTHER. CH. COOTE. PH. MAINWARING. GEO. RADCLIFFE. EDW. TREVOR. Ro. MEREDITH. [This Act of State thus made was carried into effect in the follow- ing case : ] Whereas Daniel Weld, a Student of Trinity College, and Elizabeth Jones, Widow, were questioned at this Board for the breach of an act of Council made by this Board, and dated the 9th of February, 1636, the said Weld in lodging and drinking in the house of said Eliz. being a suspected house for disorder and vice : and the said Eliz. for har- bouring him. And whereas upon hearing both the said parties at this Board it appeared that the said D. Weld, on Thursday, the 17th of this month, about ten o'clock at night, repaired to the dwelling house of the said Eliz. (being a house where Ale or Beer is sold by retail), and there lodged till about 2 or 3 o'clock in the morning of the next day, and then that the Watch imployed (as it seems) in search of disordered places and persons, came to the chamber where the said Weld lodged, and there found him, and albeit the said D. and E. endeavoured to excuse the matter, yet it may well be conceived that they intended Lewdness and Folly therein ; considering that the house was a suspected place for Disorder and Vice, and that the said Weld (being then locked forth of the College) did choose rather to go thither than to his Father's house to lodge, which tho' it were within the Gates, yet it is conceived he might have procured the opening of the said gates, whereby to have passed thither if he were so minded, rather than to go to a place which he knew he and all the other Students of the College stood by Act of Council expressly forbidden to resort to, whereof though he pretends to have been then ignorant, \ u ' \OA c Documents relating to Trinity College. 409 yet that is very unlikely ; it appearing by his own confession and the woman's that he had been in the house a quarter of a year before, and that he was on score there twelve pence, and paid it at his last being there, for so much due by him since his former being there ; and for- asmuch as the said College is the Place where the children of all sorts of people of this Kingdom are seasoned and fitted for the service of the Church and Commonwealth, in which respect we are desirous of keep- ing that Fountain clear, which was indeed a principal motive inducing the said Act of Council, this ought not to be lightly passed over, but such public example of punishment given, as may deter the youth from entering upon courses of disorder, and may be also exemplary for Victualers and Innkeepers to take warning not to harbour any of the Society in any disorderly manour. It is therefore ordered that the said D. Weld shall for his said offence stand fined in 40 to his Majesty : that he be left to the Provost of the College to inflict such further exemplary punishment on his Person, either by expulsion out of the College, degrading, or otherwise, as the said Provost shall think fit. That the said Elizabeth Jones shall for her offence stand fined in 40 to his Majesty, that she shall stand on a Market day at the Market Cross from 9 till 10 o'clock in the forenoon, and a paper on her head with these words written therein : "For harbouring a Col- legian contrary to the Act of State ": which part of this order, for her standing at the said Cross, the sheriffs of this city are required to see executed. That she make an Acknowledgment of her offence at the College publicly, and in such place and manner as the Provost shall direct ; that she stand bound to her good behaviour, and not to keep any Victu ailing or selling any Ale or Beere in her house at any time hereafter. And lastly that the said Daniel, as the said Eliz. Jones, shall stand committed during the pleasure of us the Lord Deputy. Given at his Majesty's Castle of Dublin, 29 May, 1638. XXXIII. Petition of the VICE-PROVOST, FELLOWS, AND SCHOLARS OF TRINITY COLLEGE, DUBLIN, to the LORD LIEUTENANT [ORMONDE] AND COUNCIL, 1643, Humbly sheweth: that if the likely Ruin of the College (the mother of the University in this Kingdom) whereof there hath been so late Representation to your Honours had only concerned the private 410 Appendix. interest of your Petitioners, the resentment of it by your Honours (whereof we had then experience) had stopped our being further troublesome : but all supply for the relief of the College being this day expired, to the prejudice not only of the nourishing Foundation of this University, but of the whole Kingdom, which should lose the Foun- tain from whence it should hereafter be supplied and served with all Professions. May it therefore please your Honours once again for the Advancement of Learning to take to your care the preservation of the said College, that whatsoever becomes of your Petitioners (who must through their private streights now forsake their being there) the College after so long countenance from your Honours, may not now become a Desolation. [Nath. Hoyle was Vice-Provost, Thos. Seele was Senior Fellow.] [This petition referred to the Bishop of Meath and Sir James "Ware on Feb. 28, 164f, "to report as to precedents and possible means of relief in these times of Extremity " and they reported that in May, 1599, the College was allowed by Concordatum 40 per an., and 6 dead pays; also in Nov., 1599, there was allowed to the College 40s. a-week, out of the pay of the foot Companies then serving in Dublin, which pay was afterwards by another Concordatum, dated 4 Aug., 1604, allowed out of the King's revenues. They recommend a weekly allowance of 4 out of dead pays in the city of Dublin, at the rate of 2s. a-week for each man (that being the pay which the soldiers then received). This report was referred to Sir Francis Willoughby, Serjeant-Major-General of the Army, and he reported that it might be done by reducing one man out of each Com- pany, and in no other way, and as there were but 35 Companies it would amount to only 3 10s. per week. The Lord Lieutenant and Council (May 4, 1644) directed that one man should be forthwith discharged out of each Company, and the pay, 3 10s. per week, paid to the Bursar. At a Congregation of the University, Jan. 12, 164f, a petition was agreed to from the University to be sent by the Vice -Chancellor and heads to the Lord Lieutenant for the maintenance of the College, and on the 3 September, a letter was sent from the Lord Lieutenant to Lord Byron to pay 70 for the support of the College. The weekly allowance seems to have ceased on Feb. 14, 164J-.] Documents relating to Trinity College. 411 The humble Petition of the FELLOWS and SCHOLAES of Trinity College, near Dublin. To THE RIGHT HONOUBABLE THE LOEDS JUSTICES AND COUNCIL, Most humbly shewing that notwithstanding your Lordships have graciously provided for the maintenance of the Students in the College, yet so many and so great are the distempers of the said Col- lege, through the defect of government and all collegiate discipline for the space of these seven months past, few acts performed therein, through the want of a Provost, and such a number of Fellows as might be sufficient for the support of so great a burthen as it neces- sarily requireth, whereby it is much feared that the said College will return to its former chaos unless sustained by a governor whose extra- ordinary abilities may recover the same ; which abilities, among other conspicuous virtues, do eminently appear in the Right Reverned Father in God, Anthony Lord Bishop of Meath, heretofore for a long time a worthy member of the said College, by whose great wisdom, learning, and piety, the present enormities may soon be removed, and the said College undoubtedly recover her pristine splendour. May it, therefore, graciously please your Lordships, out of your accustomed affection to the said College, to provide as guide and ruler thereof the aforesaid Lord Bishop of Meath, who notwithstanding his honorable calling in Church and Commonwealth (as your suppliants humbly conceive) may be prevailed with by your Lordships to con- descend thereunto. And that your Lordships will be pleased for the prevention of all further inconveniences to take a present course herein. And your suppliants, as in duty bound, will ever pray. Nath. Hoyle ; "Will. Raymond ; Thomas Penings ; Robert Bonynge ; Roger Boyle ; Fran. Hall ; Leo. Hodson ; Joh. Gibbings ; Sam. Fel- gate ; James Meyler ; Stephen Dowdall ; James Fyragh ; Tho. Gut- rick ; Joh. Brown ; Daniel Gilbert ; Eras. Mathew ; Randle Foxwiest ; Richard Coughlan ; Thomas Coffey ; Thomas Vaile ; Thorn. Crofton ; Tho. Ball ; Daniel Key land ; John Sway en ; Henrie Tilson ; Malachie Horgan ; William Alleyn ; Steph. Stanley ; Jo. Boswell ; Jo. New- combe ; Ed. Parsons ; Marcus Lynch ; Samuel Watson. xiiii. Junii, 1642. We require Doctor Teate to attend at this Board, to the end he may be heard therein, on Thursday next in the afternoon. W. Parsons ; Jo. Borlase ; La. Dublin ; Ad. Loftus ; 412 Appendix. Gerrard Lowther ; Edw. Bolton ; J. Temple ; Th. Rotherham ; Ja. "Ware; Eob. Meredith. BY THE LORDS JUSTICES AND COUNCIL. WM. PARSONS, Jo. BOELASE. Whereas his Majesty, by his Letters of the 27 of March last, under his Royal signature and Privy Signet hath signified unto us that he is given to understand that the person who hath now the oversight of his Majesty's College, near his city of Dublin, hath many ways mani- fested himself to be ill affected unto the present established Govern- ment under his Majesty's subjection, and is thereby lyable to a further inquiry to be made unto his life and conversation ; and principally as now his Majesty's kingdoms are full of seditious spirits who have occasioned the great distractions in them. His Majesty's will and command therefore is, and so he hath declared in his said letters, that we cause him to surcease any further direction or abode in that his Majesty's College, which his Majesty by his said letters wills that we committ forthwith unto the charge and care of the Right Revd. Father in God, Anthony Lord Bishop of Meath, until such time as his Majesty shall appoint and send a Provost to undertake the government of that House and Society. We therefore in humble obedience to his Majesty's commands do hereby order that Faithful Teate, Dr. of Di- vinity, who hath now the oversight of his Majesty's said College, do surcease any further direction or abode in the said College. Whereof we require as well the said Teate as the Yice-Provost, Fellows and Scholars of the said College, and all other members of that society and others whom it may concern, to take notice, and accordingly to con- form themselves to his Majesty's said commandment, and this our order made in obedience thereto. And according to his Majesty's said directions we do hereby commit the said College to the charge and care of the said Lord Bishop of Meath until such time as his Majesty may appoint and send a Provost to undertake the Government of the House and Society. Whereof we pray and require the said Lord Bishop to take notice and accordingly to undergo that charge and care, willing and requiring the Vice-Provost, Fellows and Scholars, and all other members of that Society, and all others whom it may concern, to take notice thereof, and to render unto the said Lord Bishop that respect and observation which is due to a person so intrusted by his Documents relating to Trinity College. 413 Majesty with the charge and care of that Society, whereof they may not fail. Given at his Majesty's Castle of Dublin, 25 April, 1643. Edw. Brabazon ; Ad. Loftus ; Cha. Lambert ; La. Dublin ; Ormond G. Wentworth; J. Ware; J. Temple; Robt. Meredith; Fr. Wil- loughby ; Gerald Lowther. XXXIV. Cum quidam mali feriati homines, et alii plurimi (quibus veritas non satis perspecta sit) inclytam hujus Eegni Academiam criminentur, quasi seditiosos quosdam et in serenissimam nostram E-eginam Annam, ej usque Regimen male animates gremio suo alat et foveat : Nos Yice-Cancellarius Doctores et Magistri Academiae praedictae in domo congregationis solemniter congregati, ut gravem hanc calumniam repellamus et ab eadem tarn nos ipsos quam almam nostram Matrem vindicamus, unanimater declaramus, notumque universis facimus per praesentes. 1. Quod agnoscimus gratoque animo recolimus hujus tarn Aca- demiae quam Regni et Ecclesiae salutem, et prosperum quo nunc fruuntur statum, necnon ab ingruente Papismo cum tyrannide securi- tatem, divino favente numine, nuperae rerum sub serenissimo nostro et pia3 memoriae Rege, Gulielmo tertio, mutationi omnino debere. 2. Quod Deo opt. max. gratias referimus ob continuatam nobis auctamque hanc nostram felicitatem sub imperio serenissima3 nostrae Reginae Annae quo ut ipsa per multos annos potiatur, exoptamus et precamur. 3. Quod futurae hujus tarn Academic quam Ecclesiae et Regni securitatis spes nostra a corona? horum regnorum successione, lege stabilita, et ad Reformatae Religionis professores limitata, sub divino favore omnino dependent. Et si quis hujus Academiae Alumnus (quod absit) huic nostrae Declarationi, se quovis modo, sive verbo sive scriptis opposuerit, eum nos pro seditioso publicae pacis turbatore, Ecclesiaeque reformats oppugnatore habituri sumus. In eumque juxta laudabiles nostras legis et statuta animadvertemus. Factaque a nobis hac publica et solemni declaratione, speramus neminem fore adeo iniquum et charitate destitutum, ut palam declarat aut clanculum insinuit Academiam nostram vel minime favere illis, 414 Appendix. quos aut famam nuperi nostri Regis Gulielmum laedere, ant erga sere- nissimam nostram Eeginam Annam minus fideles esse, aut succession! ad Coronam Statutis Regni limitatae aversari deprehenderit. In cujusrei testimonium nomina nostra subscripsimus : St. George Clogherensis, Vice- Cancellarius, Petrus Browne, Prcepositus ; Gulielmus Dubliniensis. S. Synge, D.D. John Stearne, S.T.D. John Hall, S.T.P. et Vice Praep 8 . John Travers, S.T.D. Ead. Lambert, S ae Theol. Prof. Dillonus Ashe, S.T.D. Jer. Marsh, S.T.D. Clan. Gilbert, S.T.D. Joh. Weatherby, S.T.D. Bic. Forster, S.T.D. Rad. Howard, M.D. Thos. Moleyneux, M.D. Gul. Smyth, M.D. John Elwood, LL.D. Morley Saunders, LL.D. Jo. Hawkshaw, LL.D. Ja. Grattan, M.D. Anth. Raymond, LL.D. Edw. Synge, A.M. Jo. Worrall, S.T.B. Gul. Grattan, S.T.B. Fra. Higgins, A.M. Rich. Grantham, A.M. Edw. Drury, A.M. Rob. Less, A.M. Phil. Chamberlain, A.M. Gul. White, A.M. Rob. Grattan, A.M. Thos. Coningsby, A.M. Wm. Barry, A.M. John Pynat, A.M. Matt. Trench, A.M. Joh. Grattan, A.M. Theo. Bolton, A.M. Tho. Monck, A.M. Tho. Squire, A.M. Gualterus Thomas, A.M. Carolus Smyth, A.M. Johs. Lukey, A.M. Gul. Lloyd, A.M. Ric. Bainbrigge, A.M. Peter Ward, A.M. Johs. Walmesley, A.M. Rob. Howard, A.M. Rich. Daniel, A.M. Tho. Barton, A.M. Abr. Burrowes, A.M. Henr. Brown, A.M. Peter Jackson, A.M. Joh. Harvey, A.M. Joh. Hatch, A.M. Oliv. King, A.M. Geo. Deny, A.M. Rich. Fisher, A.M. Thos. Bulkeley, A.M. Chris. Lloyd, A.M. Jo. Questebrune, A.M. Rich. Baldwin, A.M. Rich. Helsham, A.M. Jo. Moore, A.M. Rob. Watts, A.M. Peter Wy brants, A.M. Ja. Finlay, A.M. Art. M'Daniell, A.M. Documents relating to Trinity College. 415 Dan. Fitzsymons, A.M. Lightburne Read, A.M. Elias Debutts, A.M. John Jackson, A.M. Ezckiel Hamilton, A.M. John Vaughan, A.M. Tho. Prior, A.M. John Shadwell, A.M. Fel. Neale, A.M. Geo. Jameson, A.M. Wm. Preston, A.M. Win. Jones, A.M. Win. Jackson, A.M. Edw. Whiteway, A.M. Johs. Lombard, A.M. Rich. Ryves, A.M. Johs. Evans, A.M. John Bonherean, A.M. Wm. Finglas, A.M. D., Burches, A.M. Tho. Warren, A.M. Tho. Skipton, A.M. Geo. Berkeley, A.M. Gor. Haley, A.M. Jo. Lambert, A.M. John Maiklellan, A.M. Henr. Desmynieres, A.M. Tho. Butler, A.M. Stafford Warren, A.M. [The above Declaration of Loyality to Queen Anne is drawn out on a roll of parchment, which lay in the drawer of miscellaneous papers in the old Board Room. Doctor Barrett. .] XXXV. Concerning CJiamler rents. Novemler 20, 1662. Whereas the Salaries by Statute appertaining to the Provost and Senior Fellows of the Colledge be small and inconsiderable ; and whereas the Salaries as yet cannot be Statutably augmented out of the Revenues of the Colledge ; and whereas it hath been and still is a laudable custom for Fellow Commoners and Pensioners to pay a yearly rent for their Study s and Chambers which they enjoy in the College, which is no part of the Colledge Stock or Revenue. The Provost and Fellows have after mature Deliberation thought it reasonable and necessary that the Studys and Chamber rent bee for their support and Relief divided among themselves. And accordingly have unanimously agreed upon and ordered the Division thereof according to the custom of other Colledges. THOS. SEELE, Pr. P. RICHARD LINGARD. JOHN STEARNE. WM. VINCENT. BEN. PHIPPS. PAT. SHERIDAN. Jos. WILKINS. HEN. STILES. 416 Appendix. XXXVI. The Protest of all THE SENIOR FELLOWS in Trinity College, Dullin (except one], as to the nomination of JOHN PALLISIEK as a Fellow, 1727. [See page 166.] The Provost, Dr. Richard Baldwin, having nominated Mr. John Pallisier to the Fellowship lately vacant in Trinity College, Dublin, in preference to Mr. Arthur Forde, and in opposition to the Judgement of all the Senior Fellows then present (except Dr. Gilbert), "We, the undernamed Senior Fellows of the said College, do Protest against his Proceedings in that affair for the following reasons : First, Because Mr. Forde gave better Proof of Diligence, and constant Attendance upon the Duties of this Society, and of an honest and religious Conversation in it, than Mr. Pallisier did, or could do, on account of his lying and living out of the College for some time, and more particularly on account of his being entirely absent both from the Society and City for a considerable space before his sitting for the Fellowship, without bringing any Testimonials of his good Behaviour during that Interval ; which we think as reasonable and as necessary in admissions to Fellowship as in admissions to Orders ; especially since by his Oath, by the Statutes, and by his Standing, he must quickly be obliged to take Holy Orders upon him. Secondly, Because we are clearly of opinion, that not only Mr. Forde (whom we voted for), but likewise four other of the Candidates, were superior to Mr. Pallisier in point of Learning, good Abilities, and Modesty, without being any way liable to the Objections laid down in our first Reason. And we are steady in this Judgement for many Reasons First, because the weight of the Examination lay upon us ; and we do humbly presume that each of us is a better Judge in that Branch of Learning, which we cultivated in a particular manner on that occasion, than any other Person can reasonably be presumed to be who hath not cultivated those Parts of Learning on the like Occasions for several years. Secondly, because we humbly presume that if we are deemed by the world men of equal abilities with the Provost, we may also reasonably be presumed to be as well skilled as he in all the other parts of Learning wherein the Candidates were examined, as having been more lately Conversant in them, and we hope with equal Diligence. Thirdly, because supposing us equally Documents relating to Trinity College. 417 good Judges of the merits of the Candidates, and equally upright as well as unprejudiced with Dr. Gilbert, and as little liable to influence of any kind as the Provost, the odds on the side of five men prefer- ring any one of five men to a sixth, against two men preferring the sixth to the other five, are upon a fair Computation as sixty-three to one ; so that, cater is paribus, it is just sixty-three to one that we are in the right. Thirdly, Because the Provost declined and refused to determine of Mr. Pallisier's merit in Learning by the same Eules and Measures of Judgement which he admitted and acted upon immediately before in the Election of all the Scholars of the House : Yiz. That Ignorance and 111 Judgement in some Instances should take off from the merit of skill in others. On the contrary, the Provost mainly insisted upon the number of Questions answered by Mr. Pallisier, without the least abatement for the number of those he answered ignorantly, injudi- ciously, or by guess a method of Judgement which, if admitted, will always give Giddiness and Confidence manifest advantages over Mo- desty and sound Judgement ; whereas in truth one single Answer may sometimes discover more Penetration and thorough Knowledge in a Science than a great number of Answers in the ordinary Course : And we are humbly of Opinion that not only Ignorance and Absurdity, but a habit of Conjecture, should also take off from the merit of Answers apparently Just and well Judged ; because when a man guesses wrong and answers right with the same calmness and self- complacence, we may very fairly presume that many of his right Answers were more the effect of chance than a sound Judgement. And therefore Mr. Forde being allowed even by the Provost never to have made one Guess, or one ignorant or injudicious Answer through- out the whole Examination, the merit of more Modesty and a better Judgement is manifestly his, without the least abatement ; and con- sequently, although he had not discovered a greater Compass of Learning, or more clearness and Mastery of Understanding than Mr. Pallisier (as we are fully satisfied he did), we humbly conceive he ought to be preferred upon the Comparison. Fourthly, Because we are of opinion that the Exertion of this absolute Power in the Provost, may prevent future Benefactions to the College, particularly with regard to the Foundation of new Fel- lowships. And we take this opinion to be well grounded for many reasons sufficiently evident, but more especially this : that a Person 2 E 418 Appendix. who lately intended a considerable Donation to the Society for found- ing a new Fellowship, and advised with some of us upon that Head, has on account of the late Nomination, as we have too much reason to believe, altered his Intentions, and determined his Benefaction another way, to the great loss of the Society. Fifthly, Because we apprehend many and great Evils may arise to the Society from Precedents of this kind, if not timely guarded against. And if Mandates have been looked upon by all true Lovers of this Society as extremely prejudicial to Industry and Learn- ing, and only obtained when Arbitrary Councils prevailed, but since the late happy Revolution have been entirely laid aside, we are humbly of opinion, that the Exertion of this Power in the Provost ought to be strenuously opposed, as being in its nature of like evil Tendency, and may perhaps be of worse consequence to the Society ; because the Person nominated may possibly be imagined to come into a Fellowship in some measure upon the merit of Learning, which cannot happen in the other Case. Sixthly, Because it appears to us from the very Statute in which the power of nominating is granted to the Provost, that it never was intended that he should make use of it except upon extraordinary occasions. For there are two ways appointed for filling up vacant Fellowships one by the Joint Election of the Provost and the Major part of the Senior Fellows, the other by the Nomination of the Provost alone. Now we humbly conceive, that if this last Method were de- signed to have taken place upon Ordinary Occasions, it would have been unnecessary, if not absurd, to have mentioned any other : for in that case nothing more would have been requisite than to have said, the Provost, whether alone in his Judgement, or in Conjunction with the Senior Fellows, should Elect the vacant Fellowships. And what confirms us in this opinion is that this Power has been very rarely made use of by any Provost but the present, insomuch that the In- stances of this kind which this Provost hath furnished us with since his Promotion, do, as far as we can find, exceed the Number of all those that are to be met with since the Foundation of the College to that time, which is a strong Argument that all his Predecessors con- sidered the Power of nominating in the same light that we do, viz. never to be made use of but upon extraordinary occasions. And the only Justifiable Occasion that we can think of is when the Person so nominated by the Provost is, in his Judgement, eminently superior to Documents relating to Trinity College. 419 the other Candidates, either in Morals, Natural Abilities, or in some one or more important Branches of Learning, or when the Persons postponed are justly obnoxious on account of evil Tenets in Eeligion, or Disaffection to the Government, none of which were so much as pretended in the present Case. Seventhly, the last Reason we presume to offer against the Provost's Nomination of Mr. Pallisier is this : That the Statute em- powering him so to do, was the Creature of Absolute and Arbitrary- Power, and calculated to support it. And however the Exercise of that Power might be allowed in the Reign of King Charles the First, and be fitted for this Kingdom in a State of Rebellion and Ignorance, when a Provost from England might fairly be presumed to have more Learning than all his Assessors of Irish Education, and at the same time to be much better affected to the Government, certainly the same Power must be exerted with a very ill Grace in the Reign of King George, in an Age of Liberty and Learning, when a Senior Fellow may fairly be presumed as knowing, and the Society as well affected to his Majesty as their Governor. And therefore we hope and believe that the Reason of that Statute has entirely ceased, and consequently that the Exertion of that Power at this time, and on this Occasion, could have no Place or Pretence ; nor could it possibly answer any other Purpose than the Discouragement of Learning, and the Intro- duction of that Ignorance, which it was originally intended to guard against. This Protest was signed by all the Senior Fellows (only one Dissenting), whose Names are as follows : RICHARD HELSHAM, M.D. PATRICK DELANY, D.D. WILLIAM THOMPSON, D.D. ROBERT CLAYTON, LL.D. JONATHAN ROGERS, D.D. 2 E 2 INDEX. ABBOTT, Archbishop, Chancellor of the University, 29 ; approves of Tem- ple's Statutes, 29 ; proposes to ob- tain two new Charters, 36 (Appen- dix xxii.) ; settles dispute between the Senior and Junior Fellows as to the election of Provost, 51 (Ap- pendix xxvii.), 54, 57. Abercorn, Marquis of, 271, 272. Acton, Richard, Vice -Provost while the soldiers occupied the College in the reign of James II., 129, 132, 134. Adair, Mr., Tutor in Provost Hutchin- son's family, attempts to bribe Mr. Miller, 243 ; his act disclaimed by the Provost, 245 (note). Alexander, Sir Jerome, his bequest, 109. Allen, Christopher, a candidate for Fel- lowship, 244. All Hallows, Monastery of, 5, 6 ; site of, granted to the College, 7. Alvey, Henry, Provost, 19. Anatomy House built, 182. Anatomy Lecturers, 182, 186, 267. Andrews, Dr. Francis, Provost, 211. Annesley, a Scholar expelled by Provost Baldwin, 161. Arms, the College, 322. Ashe, St. George, Provost, 138; preaches Centenary Sermon, 138 ; Tutor to Swift j 143 (note), 146 ; introduces Locke's Essay into the studies of the College, 146 ; notes, 324, 332. Astronomy : see Observatory. Attainder, Act of, 133. Auditor, Sir James Ware, 64 ; Miles Sumner, 90. Bachelors of Arts, studies of, 45, 207. Back-lane, College in, 63. Baker, George, erects a building in the College, 79. Baldwin, Richard, Vice-Provost, 148 ; Provost, 164; character of, 168, 328 (notes) ; funeral, 168 ; his mo- nument, 195 (note) ; his dealings with the Provost's estates, 214. Barlow, Theodore, expelled for a dis- loyal toast, 154. Barrett, Dr. John, 309. Bath, Countess of, her gift to the Li- brary, 110. Bedell, William, 51 ; elected Provost, 52; sworn, 53; reforms Temple's Statutes, 53 ; returns to England, 54 ; seeks to obtain new Letters Patent, 56 ; returns to Dublin, 57 ; proposals to secure the solvency of the College, 57 ; renews the cele- bration of Holy Communion in the College Chapel, and Catechising, 57 ; appoints Irish Lecture and Irish Prayers, 58 ; extracts from his Re- gister, 58 ; care of, in the letting of College estates, 60, 61 ; Bishop of Kilmore, 61 ; correspondence with regard to his Provostship (Appen- dix xxvii.) ; notes, 322. Bell Tower erected, 187. Berkeley, George, Bishop of Cloyne, his account of the old Library, 174 ; his College Tutor, 209 ; his income as a Junior Fellow, 210 ; estab- lishes a Philosophical Club, 302 ; College records of, 333. 422 Index. Bedford, Duke of, 215 ; installation of, as Chancellor, 217. Benefices granted to the College by James I., 50. Berwick, Rev. Edward, case of, 238; deprived of his Scholarship by Pro- vest Hutchinson, and restored by the Visitors, 239. Bicknor, Alexander de, his Univer- sity, 1. Blacquiere, Sir John, character of, 231. Bond, Rev. "Wensley, a political tool of Provost Hutchinson, 235. Book of Kells, 178 ; Book of Burrow, 178. Botanic Gardens, 182, 269. "Botany Bay" Square, building of, begun, 193. Bowling-Green, 144. Bridge-street, College in, 63. Brinkley, John, Astronomer Royal, 292. Browne, Dr. Arthur, 251, 296. Browne, George, Fellow, proceeds to Chester with an Address to James II., 120, 123, 129, 143 (note) ; Provost, 146, 150 ; inscription on his monument, 167 ; College riots in his time, 158 ; College records of, 334. Browne, Peter, Provost, 147, 334 : see notes, 324. Burdy's Life of Skelton quoted, 166. Burke, Right Hon. Edmund, his por- trait, 194 ; his Entrance Examina- tion, 203 ; his Scholarship Examina- tion, 206 ; Honorary Degree of LL.D., 263 ; letters with respect to the ProVostship, 275 ; his Phi- losophical Club, 302. Burrowes, Rev. Robert, a Fellow, argues against the powers claimed by Pro- vost Hutchinson, 252 ; sketch of his life, 288. Busts in the College Library, 178. Caput Senatus Academici, the earliest, 47. Caroline Statutes, reception by the College, 77 ; nature of, 78. Cassels, Mr., Architect of the Printing House, 181; of the Bell Tower, 186. Catechetical Lectures on the present system commenced, 289. Catechist (in 1612), duties and salary of, 30. Cathedral, St. Patrick's, Students used to go to, on Sundays in Lent, 168. Caution-money, 144. Centenary, celebration of first, 137. Chaloner, Luke, 6, 11, 20, 23, 24, 32, 44, 170 ; his tomb, 322. Chambers, price of, in 1723, 190 (note). Chambers, Sir William, 192. Chancellor, appeal to the, from Visitors, 228, 240. Chancellors Burleigh and Essex, 18 ; Abbott, 29 ; Laud, 65 ; Duke of Ormonde, 88 ; Henry Cromwell, 90 ; second Duke of Ormonde, 149 ; George Prince of Wales, 157 ; Frederick Prince of Wales, 179; 216; Duke of Cumberland, 216; Duke of Bedford, 217; Duke of Gloucester, 240, 272. Chandler, Bishop of Durham, 143 (note), 335. Chanters appointed, 221 (note}. Chapel, Irish services, 115; consecra- tion of old, in 1684, 117 ; described, 117, 195; services in, 142; new Chapel erected, 193 ; cost of, 193. Chappel, William, appointed Dean and Cathechist, 30 ; elected to the Pro- vostship, 67 ; joins Newman and Conway in altering a College Sta- tute, 71 ; censured by Laud, 72 ; promoted to the Bishopric of Cork, 74 ; proceeded against by the Irish House of Commons, 81, 274 (note). Charter of Elizabeth, summary of, 7 ; reasons why Sir W. Temple and the Fellows refused to surrender it, 37 (Appendix xxiv.) ; Charter and Statutes of Charles I. accepted, 77. Choral Service in College Chapel, 220. Christ Church Cathedral, lecture in, 27, 49, 56 ; Students attend sermons at, 35. Index. 423 Clayton, Bishop, 166 (note), 336. Cleghorn, Dr. George, 186, 267. Cleghorn, Dr. James, 267. Clement, Dr. William, Vice-Provost, 224, 235. Clinical Lectures, negotiations as to, with the College of Physicians, 266. Coghlan, Mr., representative of the College in 1688, 134. Collections for the relief of the College, 87. " College Examination : a Poem," 202. Commencements, 17, 25, 35; form of proceeding at, 47, 284 ; Appendix xxx. ; fees at, 25. Commonplaces, 78, 98. Concealed lands, 13. "Conclave Dissected : a College Squib," 329. Concordatum granted to the College by Elizabeth, 13, 14 ; made perpetual by James I., through the influence of Sir William Temple, 28. Congreve, William, 336. Conway, a Senior Fellow, 71. Cottingham, George, Fellow by manda- mus, 55. Cottrell, James, founds a Divinity Pro- fessorship, 48. Cromwell, Henry, elected Chancellor, 90 ; his order as to religious duties of the Students, 91. Cumberland, Duke of, Chancellor, 216. Daniel, William, translates the New Testament and Book of Common Prayer into Irish, 22 ; 336. Dean, early salary of the, 25. Degrees, first conferring of, 17 ; con- ferred between 1614 and 1625, 43 ; rules with respect to higher De- grees, 45, 46, 47 ; conferred in 1661, 108 ; conferred at different periods of the eighteenth century, 262, 316, 319. Degrees in Arts required as a prelimi- nary to Degrees in Law and Medi- cine, 183. Delany, Dr., opposed to Provost Bald- win, 160 ; his income as a Senior Fellow, 210 ; see notes, page 327 ; College records of, 336. Dining-Hall erected, 179 ; taken down and re-erected, 180. Dinner-hour altered, 256. Distressed state of the College, 87, 108, 135. Divinity Professor, 48, 49, 109. Divinity Testimonium instituted, 259. DodweU, Henry, 104, 112, 337. Donegal Lecture, 109. Dopping, Bishop of Meath, 337. Dorset, Duke of, enters his son as a Student, 161. Doyle, Bernard, brings a mandamus from James II., 121. Duigenan, Dr. Patrick, opposed to Pro- vost Hutchinson, 241 ; Professor of English Law, 241 ; account of, 242 ; acts as Visitor, 297. Duigenan's Lachrymce Academics, quoted, 213, 230; published, 242. Dun, Dr., one of the first representa- tives of the College in Parliament, 49. Dunton, John, his description of the College quoted, 12, 151 (note) ; his account of the old Library, 173. Education of the Students, requirements of the early College and University Statutes, 43. Election of Fellows and Scholars for* bidden by the Irish House of Com- mons, 32; deferred, 108; for- bidden by the King, 156. Election of representatives for the city of Dublin, the members of the Col- lege vote at, 135. Elizabeth, Queen, her letter to Sir Wil- liam Fitzwilliam, consenting to the foundation of the College and the grant of a Charter (Appendix iii.). Enniskillen School, Master of, appointed by the College, 94. Entrance Fees, 83 (note) ; distribution, of, in 1675 > 112.. 424 Index. Entrance Examination, 142 ; Edmund Burke' s, 203 ; first public, 204 ; course appointed for, in 1793, 259. Examination days increased, 257. Examination-Hall, a new one proposed, 194. Examinations at the end of seventeenth century, 140 ; notes, 323. Expenditure of the College in 1600, 25, 26. Expulsion of Fellows: Peasant, 71; Coghlan, 88; Hughes, 167; Walker, 312. Falkland, Viscount, Lord Deputy, 61 ; Appendix xxix. Farquhar, George, the Dramatist, 338. Feasant, a Junior Fellow, expelled, 71. Fellows named in the Charter, 18 ; first division into Senior and Junior, 29 ; elected by mandate of Lord Deputy, 55, 69, 76 ; appointed by Royal Letters, 198 ; salaries at different periods, 209. Fitzgerald, J. and M., erect a bay of buildings in the College, 79. Fitzgibbon, Earl of Clare, 338 ; Vice- Chancellor, 250 ; holds Visitations, 250, 297. Fitzwilliam, Sir William, Circular letter to the Gentlemen of Ireland in behalf of the College, 9. Fives Court, 145. Floyd (or Lloyd), John, Vice-Provost, 52, 54 ; complaints to the Visitors concerning, 55. Floyd, William, admitted a Fellow by mandamus, 55. Forbes, Edward, deprived of his De- gree, 155. Ford, Edward, Junior Fellow, murder of, 163. Forsayeth, Rev. John, Fellow, 235 ; his account of the condition of the Irish Church in 1790, 259 (note). Frederick Prince of Wales, Chancellor, 179, 216. Fullerton, Sir James, 6, 18, 25, 61. Gamble, Robert and George, 223. George Prince of Wales, Chancellor, 157. Gilbert, Dr. Claudius, his gift of books to the College Library, 177 ; his gift of busts for the Library, 178 ; his bequest for the building of a steeple, 186 ; College records of, 339. Goldsmith, Oliver, 201 (note), 339. Grattan, Right Hon. Henry, 339; his letter to Edmund Burke with re- spect to the Provostship, 277. Graves, Dr. Richard H. (Dean of Ar- dagh), sketch of his life, 289. Greek, Regius Professorship of, 139. Greene, Arthur, applies for an Irish Lectureship, 119 ; petitions James II. for the grant of a Senior Fel- lowship, 130. Griffith, Dr., Lecturer in Chemistry, 182. Hales, Rev. William, his large number of pupils, 244, 254 ; sketch of his life and literary work, 280. Hall, the old College, erected, 116 ; de- scribed, 179, 195. Hall, Dr. George, 272. Hall, Dr. John, 129, 134; College Tutor to Bishop Berkeley, 209. Hamilton, Hugh, Bishop of Ossory, 225. Hamilton, Sir James, 6, 15, 24, 25 ; obtains the Ulster lands for the College from James I., 30 ; deal- ings with regard to them, 32, 33, 34. Hardinge, John, elected Senior Fellow by mandamus, 76. Hardy's Life of Charlemont quoted, 212, 219. Hawkins, William, obtains a lease of the strand north of the College, 112. Hebrew, a knowledge of, required for B.A. and M.A. Degrees in Provost Temple's Statutes, 47 ; and by Winter, 91; Professor of , 90, 92. Index. 425 Helsham, Dr., 160, 167, 340 ; his lec- tures published, 181. Historical Society, 302; ejected, 307; reconstituted, 308. Hodgkinson, Dr. Francis, his interview with Edmund Burke and others with respect to the Provostship, 273. Hoyle, Dr., Lecturer in Anatomy, 182. Hoyle, Joshua, Divinity Professor, 49. Hoyle, Nathaniel, 69, 100. Hughes, Dr. Lambert, expulsion of, 167, 228, 245 (note). Huntingdon, Robert, Provost, 118 ; has the Old Testament translated into Irish, 118 ; Bishop of Eaphoe, 136 ; burial of, 136. Hutchinson, John Hely, account of his early life, 232 ; Provost, 232 ; at- tempts to nominate Sizars, 234 ; obtains dispensations of marriage for Drs. Leland and Dabzac, 235 ; charges against, 248 ; his testimony to the character of the College Tutors, 255 ; increases the revenue from the College estates, 261; death of, 263. Income and expenditure of the College, 14, 15, 16, 20, 34, 82. Irish, translation of the New Testament into, 22 ; of the Old Testament, 118 ; lecture and prayers instituted by Bedell, 58 ; letter from James I. to Earl of Cork on the subject, 58 (note) ; Irish lectures discontinued by Chappel, 75 ; classes in Irish instituted by Provost Marsh, 115 ; services in College Chapel, 115, 144 (note). Jacobite party in College, 153. James I., his grant of the Ulster es- tates, 30 ; his patent for represen- tatives in Parliament, 49. James II. sends a letter to the Provost and Senior Fellows, ordering them to appoint Arthur Green a Lecturer in Irish, 119; addressed by the College at Chester, 120 ; sends to the College a mandamus to elect Bernard Doyle as a Fellow, 121 ; seizes on the College, 129; petition of the College to, 132. Jones, Bishop of Meath, Vice-Chan- cellor, 90, 95, 340 ; his gift to the College Library, 177, 178. Johnson, John, Fellow and Bursar, 66. Johnston, James, Scholar, expelled by Provost Andrews, 227. Kearney, Dr. John, Provost, 278. Kearney, Dr. Michael, 226. Kerney, "William, a printer in the Col- lege in 1596, 22. Kildare Hall, 63. King, Archbishop, 340 ; quoted, 122, 129, 131, 133, 157 ; Divinity Lec- ture, founded by, 208. Kyle, Bishop, 256, 300, 302 (note). La Grange's letter to Dr. Hales, 281. Laud, Archbishop, elected Chancellor, 65 ; uses his influence to secure the election of Provost Chappel, 67; revises the College Statutes, 69 ; his opinion concerning the dissen- sions in the College, 73. Law, Professorship of Civil, founded, 109. Lawson, Dr. , funeral sermon on Provost Baldwin, 169 ; died, 212 ; notes, 330, 341. Lectures, early College, 2 1 ; as fixed by Laud's Statutes, 139 ; attendance at Morning, and Greek, 315. Leland, Dr. Thomas, 181, 222 ; his edition of Demosthenes, 224, 235. Library, the College, 12, 109, 117, 130, 132, 134, 170. Library Square built, 160. Loftus, Archbishop Adam, 4, 7, 18 ; his speech at the Tholsel (Appen- dix ii.). Lysaght, Edward, Commons Crank*, by, 331. 426 Index. MacCarthy, Father Teigue, preserves the College Library in James II.'s time, 134. Mace, collection to purchase University, 25. Madden, Eev. Samuel, 341 ; quoted, 144, 161 ; his plan for premiums, 198. Magee, Eev. "William (afterwards Arch- bishop of Dublin), speech at the Visitation of 1791, 252 ; sketch of his College life, 285. Malone, Edmund, 342. Mandate of Lord Deputy, 64, 69, 76, 77. Marsh, Narcissus, Provost, 113 ; en- courages the study of Irish, 114 ; founds a Philosophical Society in Dublin, 115 ; his Logic, 116 ; builds a new Hall and Chapel, 116 ; his account of the old Library, 172. Martin, Anthony (Bishop of Meath), one of the first Senior Fellows, 29 ; Senior Dean and Divinity Lecturer, 30 : see also 70, 73 ; made Provost, 85 (see Appendix xxxiii.) ; expels a Fellow, 88 ; died, 89. Mathematics, Anthony Martin, Lecturer in, 30 ; Miles Sumner, Professor of, 90 ; Professorship of, united to Donegal Lecture, 115. Medals, Gold, at Degree, instituted, 259. Mede, Joseph, elected Provost by the Senior Fellows at Sir "W. Temple's death, and declined the office, 52 (see Appendix xxvi.). Medical Graduation, rules of, in 1614, 46; in 1792, 267. Medical School, 182, 265, 319, 320. Miller, Eev. George, his- evidence be- fore the Election Committee of 1791, 243; waits on Lord Clare, 250 ; defends the Tutorial agree- ment, 251 ; his journey to London concerning the Provostship, 272 ; sketch of his life and works, 282, 285 ; his action as Senior Master Non-Eegent, 284. Moderatorships at Degree Examination in 1751, 204. Modern Languages, Professorships of, founded, 260. Molyneux, William, 115, 146, 342. Monaquid, purchase of, 127. Moore, Dr. Michael, appointed Provost by James II., 134 ; aided by Fa- ther Mac Carthy, preserves the College Library, 134. Mornington, Earl of, 346 ; Professor of Music, 220 ; purchases plate for the College, 221. Mullin, Alan, 343. Munster estates, 16; re-granted, 111. Murray, Dr. Eichard, author of Trea- tise on Logic, 225 ; appointed Pro- vost, 276 ; his character, 277. Native Scholars, 39, 42, 57, 59, 62, 114 (note), 209, 230 (note). Natural Philosophy, Professorship of, founded, 208. Negative, claimed by the Provost, 97, 247, 248 ; disallowed by Lord Clare, 263. Nero Secundus, 156. Newman, William, brings a letter from the Lords Justices and Archbishop Ussher, 64 ; admitted to a Fellow- ship by Eoyal Letter, 65 ; joins Provost Chappel in altering one of the College Statutes, 71. Nicholson, Dr., Lecturer in Botany, 182. Nugent, Judge, 123, 124. Observatory founded by a bequest of Provost Andrews, 214 ; erected, 290 ; Eoyal Letters with regard to the observations, &c., 293. Organ in the Examination Hall, 195. Organist, Thomas Patrickson appointed in 1764, 109; salary of, in 1700, 221 (note). Ormonde, first Duke of, Chancellor, 88, 99, 113, 117. For his speech on being made Chancellor, see Appen- dix xxx. Index. 427 Ormonde, second Duke of, Chancellor, 149 ; attempts to induce the Board to elect Scholars irregularly, 149 ; presents an organ to the College, 195. Ossory, Earl of, his Honorary Degree of LL.D. (Appendix xxx.). O'Sullivan, Dr. Samuel, quoted, 245, 250, 271, 273. Ould, Sir Fielding, his case, 185. Palliser, Archbishop, Professor of Di- vinity, 113, 343; his bequest to the College Library, 177; his build- ings, 193. Park, the CoUege, laid out, 145. Parliamentary grants for buildings, 150, 174, 176, 188. Parnell, the poet, 142, 343. Parry, Edward, a Fellow, complaint to the Visitors concerning, 55. Percival, Dr. Robert, 269. Perrot's plan for two Universities in Dublin, 4. Physic, first Professor of, 92. Physicians, College of, founded, 103, 105 ; regulations as to the licensing of Graduates in Medicine, 183 ; arrangements with Trinity College, 184 ; dissension between the two Colleges, 186 ; renewed negotia- tions, 265. Plate, Communion, given by Bishop Richardson, 61 ; ancient College, 85 ; presented atEntrance, 83 (note] ; sold for the support of the College, 86 ; sale of, in James II. 's reign, 125 ; purchased for the CoUege, 221. Plays performed in the College, 63. Plunket, William C., 282 ; 343. "Pranceriana," 240. Pratt, Benjamin, appointed to the Pro- vostship ; sent to England to nego- tiate a grant from William III., 150; his bequest for the building of a front to the Hall, 186 (notes, 326). Premiums instituted, 198 ; for Classics and Latin Composition at Term Examinations, 258. Printing in the College, 22 ; Printing House erected, 180; first books printed at the College Press, 181. Proctors, duties of, 45, 47. Professors : Divinity, 26, 48, 49, 109 ; Mathematics, 90, 115; Hebrew, 90, 92; Laws, 92, 109; English Law, 241 ; Natural Philosophy, 208 ; Oratory, 208 ; Physic, 92 ; Modern History, 208 ; Music, 220 ; Modern Languages, 260. Provost, election of, disputes as to, be- tween Senior and Junior Fellows, 51; Provost's Estate, 111, 214; Provost's House, erection of, 192, 215 ; Provost's negative, 97, 166 ; disallowed by Lord Clare, 253. Provosts: Loftus, 18; Travers, 18; Alvey, 19; Temple, 27; Bedell, 52 ; Robert TJssher, 62 ; Chappell, 67 ; Washington, 84 ; Bishop Mar- tin, 85; Winter, 89; Scale, 101; Ward, 113 ; Marsh, 113 ; Hun- tingdon, 117; Ashe, 136; George Browne, 146 ; Peter Browne, 147 (and note, 324) ; Pratt, 147 (and note, 326) ; Baldwin, 164, 328 ; Andrews, 211 ; Hutchinson, 232 ; Murray, 275 ; Kearney, 278. Quadrangle, 12, 92, 110, 195. Ramus, Peter, 75. Regent House, 12, 89, 154 ; mentioned by Dunton, 151 (note), 155, 218. Representation in Parliament, 49. Richardson, John, Bishop of Ardagh, 17, 60 ; Fellowship founded by, 209. Riotous conduct of the Students, 147 (note), 162, notes, 322. Robinson, Dr. Bryan, 181, 183. Robinson, Dr. George, 186. Roman Catholic Prelates' petition to James II., 131. Roman Catholics admitted to Degrees, 283. Roubiliac executes busts for the College Library, 178. 428 Index. Sackville, Lord George, 161. Salaries of Fellows and Scholars in- creased, 206 (note), 216, 230. Scholars meet at Ryan's tavern, 237 ; named in Charter of Elizabeth, 1 8 ; earliest list of, Appendix xvii. Scholarship Examination, 206 ; advan- tages of a Scholarship, 206 (note). Schoolmasters of Duhlin write to the Board for a list of classical authors to be read at school, 205 ; reply of the Board, 206. Seale, Thomas, Provost, 101. Senate, contest between the Board and the, 155. Senior Fellows, first so designated by SirW. Temple, 29; first mentioned in the College Register, 42. Senior Master Non-Regent, 48, 284. Sizarships, first general competitive ex- amination for, 204. Skelton, 344 ; Burdy's life of, quoted, 166. Smith, Thomas, Mayor of Dublin, 9. Smith, Thomas, his letters to Arch- bishop Marsh, 172. Southerne, Thomas, 344. Squire, Thomas, a Junior Fellow, 326. Statutes First College Statutes made by Sir W. Temple, 29 ; University Regulations drawn up by Temple, 29, 38 ; arranged and revised by Bishop Taylor, 107 ; requirements of the early College Statutes as to the education of the Students, 43 ; of the early University Statutes with regard to the same, 44 ; note on the early Statutes, 96 ; Caroline Statutes, 77 ; directions of Laud's Statutes with regard to College lectures, 139. Stearne, John, M.D., a Fellow, 90, 344 ; Professor of Hebrew, 92 ; resigns his Fellowship, 92 ; re-appointed, 99; account of his life, 102; in- scription on his monument, 104. Stearne, John, Bishop of Clogher, 345 ; his gift of manuscripts to the College Library, 178 ; gift for the erection of a Printing House, 180. Stock, Bishop of Waterford, 345. Stokes, John, a Fellow, 181, 224. Stokes, Whitley, 245, 295, 297, 299 ; sketch of his life, 301. Strafford, Earl of, interferes to have Chappel elected Provost, 67 ; di- rects the Provost and Fellows to elect his nominees as representatives of the University in Parliament, 68 ; urges Laud to resist the Col- lege Statutes, 69 ; enters his son in Trinity College, 74 ; his discipli- nary enactments, 79. Students, number of, 143, 161, 262, 316. Studies of the Undergraduates, 21, 139, 197. Sullivan, Francis, Fellow, 211. Sumner, Miles, 90. Swift, Jonathan, 143, 146 (note), 324, 345 ; his letter to Lord Carteret as to Erasmus Smith's Professorships, 329. Synge, Archbishop, quoted, 163. Tate, Dr. Faithful, appointed to pre- side over the College upon Wash- ington's retirement, 84. For his conduct as head of the College, see Appendix xxxiii. Taylor, Bishop Jeremy, Vice-Chancellor, 99 ; sets in order the Regulce Uni- versitatis, 107. Temple, Sir William, Provost, 27 ; re- fuses to wear the surplice in the College Chapel, 28 ; obtains a per- petuity for the College of the Con- cordatum of Elizabeth, 28 ; divides the Fellows into Senior and Junior, 29 ; endeavours to obtain a Charter for the University as distinct from the College, 29 ; his proceedings with regard to the leasing of College lands, 32, 35 ; charges of the Fel- lows against, 36 ; dissensions be- tween Temple and the Fellows, 38 ; his plan for the number on the foundation of the College, 39 ; his pecuniary difficulties and death, 49 ; his edition of Ramus' Logic, 76 (note). Index. 429 Theatre (the present Examination Hall) erected, 192 ; portraits in, 194 ; Provost Baldwin's monument in, 194 (note) ; organ in, 195. Thompson, Rev. William, Fellow, 182. Tisdall, Philip, Attorney- General, and representative of the College in Parliament, 236 ; Hutchinson's cha- racter of Tisdall, 236 (note). Toomey, Martin, a Roman Catholic Scholar in 1790, 224. Toplady, A. M., 346. Townsend, John Sealy, 282. Travers, Elias, his hequest to the Col- lege, 111 (note). Travers, Joseph, 65, 61, 89. Travers, Walter, Provost, 18. Trinity Hall, 103. Ulster Estates, 30, 36. Undergraduate Course (1736), 199; (1759), 205; (1793), 257. University, DeBecknor's, 1 ; Drogheda, 3 ; Beadle, 25 ; Mace, 25 ; Statutes, or fibula, 38, 44, 107. Ussher, Henry, Archdeacon of Duhlin, 7 ; procures the Charter from Queen Elizabeth, 24. Ussher, Henry, Professor of Astronomy, 215. Ussher, James (Archbishop), Scholar, 18; M.A., 17; D.D., 17; manages the College with Dr. Chaloner in Provost Alvey's absence, 20 ; lec- tures as a Fellow, 21 ; assents to the leasing in fee -farm of the Ulster lands, 32 ; appears to have changed his mind on this subject, 39; writes to Laud in favour of Robert Ussher, 39, 62 ; Professor of Divinity, 48 ; his library, 112, 171 : see 346. Ussher, Robert, opposes the letting of the Ulster lands in fee-farm, 35 ; elected Provost by the Junior Fel- lows at Sir W. Temple's death, 52 ; elected Provost on Bishop Bedell's promotion, 62 ; attends to the study of Irish in the College, 62 ; his objection to the performance of plays in the College, 63; vacates the Provostship, 66. Valuation of the Munster estates, 111 ; of the College estates by Mr. Fri- zelle, 261. Vesey, Thomas, admitted a Fellow by mandamus, 55. Viceregal entertainments in the College, 216, 222, 304. Vincent, William, 111. Visitations, 65, 70, 164, 168, 227, 239, 250. Waldensian Manuscripts, 171, 178. Walker, George, Fellow, 113. Walker, John, Fellow, 311. Ward, Michael, 346; Provost, 113. Ware, Sir James, Auditor, 20, 67, 64, 346. Washington, Dr. Richard, appointed Provost, 84. Wilder, Theaker, 197 (note), 217, 234. Wilson, Bishop of Sodor and Man, 143 (note), 346. Williamson, Csesar, 89, 100. Winter, Samuel, appointed Provost by the Parliamentary Commissioners, 89 ; his order with regard to the study of Greek and Hebrew, 91 ; management of the College estates by, 93; Testimonium of his D.D. Degree, 96. Worth, Edward, his bequest to the Col- lege Library, 177. Worth, William, his contributions to new buildings in 1698, 125. Yelverton, Barry (Lord Avonmore), 242 (note), 303, 347. Yeomanry, College Corps of, 295. Young, Bishop, 97, 272 ; sketch of his life and character, 278. THE END. Printed by PONSONBY AND WKLURICK, Dublin DUBLIN UNIVERSITY PRESS SERIES. THE PROVOST and SENIOR FELLOWS of Trinity College have undertaken the publication of a Series of Works, chiefly Educational, to be entitled the DUBLIN UNIVERSITY PRESS SERIES. The following volumes of the Series are now ready, viz. : Six Lectures on Physical Geography. By the REV. S. HAUGHTON, M.D., Dubl., D.C.L., Oxon., F.R.S., Fellow of Trinity College, and Pro- fessor of Geology in the University of Dublin. T.$S. 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