DEN STAVE PIPE REDWOOD MANUFACTURERS * CO. SUCCESSORS TO EXCELSIOR WOODEN PIPE CO. SHIRLEY BAKER MANAGER JC-NRLF OFFICE 916 BALBOA BUILDING SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. 191T AGRIC. DFPT. WOODEN STAVE PIPE REDWOOD MANUFACTURERS CO. SUCCESSORS TO EXCELSIOR WOODEN PIPE CO. SHIRLEY BAKER MANAGER OFFICE 916 BALBOA BUILDING SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. 1911 PREFACE. THIS BOOK is intended to furnish general information regarding the construction, the advan- tages and the use of our wooden stave pipe. See Transactions of American Society of Civil Engineers, Vol. XLI, Stave Pipe Its Economic Design and Economy of Its Use, by Hrthin l^. Adams, M. Am. Soc. C. E. Quotations will be promptly furnisL&gi upon request. ;*'? Tables r of Carrying' capa'crty* 6.1 'stave pipe are appended/ w5lic*h""lVfe c ;ho4) ma/* be* "of value to engineers. They are especially prepared for this book and should be used with such restrictions as are set forth in their preface: WOODED STAVE PIPE DESCRIPTION O7 FIPE The pipe is composed of wooden staves, banded with steel hoops. The staves are dressed on the flat sides to circles, and on the edges to radial lines, a cer- tain number of these staves completing a true circular ring, forming the shell of the pipe. The staves are trimmed square at the ends, and have a saw kerf cut across the face for the insertion of a metallic tongue. The width of the kerf is a little less than the thickness of the tongue, and its depth is slightly less than half the width of the tongue, which is driven into place by light taps of a hammer. The tongue is cut somewhat longer than the width of the stave and its ends penetrate the adjoining staves, thus securing a tight butt joint. The staves are built in the pipe so as to break joint at least twenty-four inches. The hoops consist of steel bolts round in cross- section with a head at one end and a thread with washer and nut at the other end, the two ends being united by a malleable iron shoe, the thread and nut providing the means for tightening. For large size pipes the bolts are in two sections, one section having both ends headed, and the other both ends threaded. In this case two malleable iron shoes are required for a complete band. WOODED STAVE PIPE WOODEN STAVE PIPE The shoe is so shaped that it fits closely upon the outside of the pipe and that the strain of the rod produces a straight pull, the entire band when in place lying in a plane perpendicular to the direction of pipe. The threads on the rods are cold pressed or upset and the dimensions of the head, thread, nut and shoe are such that the connection of the rod ends is the strongest part of the hoop. When the bands are spaced for high pressure the power of the numerous nuts turned up at even moderate tension is sufficient to crush the wood and collapse it, if carelessly exerted. The effect of this construction, when the bands are at proper tension, is to produce a stiff, hollow beam of wood of great strength, and which for rigidity against flattening is only equaled by cast-iron pipe. MATERIALS The wood used for pipe staves should be sound and clear, free from knots, shakes, pitch seams and other imperfections. It should be strong enough to resist crushing under a firm tensile strain on the bands and should not become spongy when saturated. It should not shrink or swell excessively. The finished stave should be smooth and close grained to resist percolation within the limits of pressure for wood pipe. Cali- fornia redwood possesses all of these requisite properties. Pine, spruce and fir are being used successfully in the manufacture of pipe staves, but it is well known that the California redwood under all conditions when built into pipe has a WOODEN STAVE PIPE Erection of 48-Inch Pipe WOODEN STAVE PIPE longer life than any other lumber now being used for this purpose. The staves are dressed, trimmed and slotted with accuracy, are shipped in box-cars, and from beginning to end are handled with the greatest care. Bolts. The bolts are made of mild steel, gen- erally having a tensile strength of from 58,000 to 65,000 pounds per square inch. Both the rod steel and the finished bolts are subjected to care- ful tests before leaving the mill. They are shipped straight, tied in bundles and are bent upon ar- rival and coated with paint or dipped in hot asphaltum. Shoes. The shoes are made of the best quality of malleable iron, free from sharp edges, splints, tags and blow holes. They are coated with paint or asphaltum, the same as the bands. Clips. The clips, or concealed metallic tongues, are sometimes shipped ready cut and boxed, or they are shipped as band iron in bundles and cut on the work. They are one and a half inches wide and No. 14, No. 12 or No. 10 B. W. G. iron, according to the size of the pipe. BANDING The bands around the pipe serve the purpose of preserving the shape of the pipe and preventing its collapse from suddenly reduced pressures or from weight of back-filled material, and of pre- venting the pipe from leakinr and bursting when under pressure. To this end they should be designed so as to offer the required resistance to all strains and they should be proportioned as regards their dia- WOODEN STAVE PIPE WOODEN STAVE PIPE meter, number and bearing surface upon the wood so as to afford sufficiently frequent supports to the staves to avoid objectionable deflection be- tween bands and to prevent indentation. The possible strains upon a pipe band are com- plex in their nature, depending upon water pres- sure, initial strain, swelling power of the wood, superincumbent load, water hammer, etc., and considerable experience and judgment are re- quired to determine intelligently the allowance to be made for strains additional to those caused by mere water pressure. CONSTRUCTION The method of construction is sufficiently illus- trated in the accompanying cuts. It may be prop- erly observed here, as is well known to practical pipe men, that to confine water under pressure and produce tight work requires experience as well as conscientious care in construction, no matter how well the parts may be designed and how simple a matter the work of assembling the parts may seem to be. The more ignorant a contractor, the more readily will he undertake a piece of work of this kind to his own detri- ment and the serious annoyance and loss of the owner. LIMITS OF PRESSURE The seam joints of a stave pipe are tight when the staves are pressed together with a pressure per square inch exceeding the water pressure. The softness of saturated staves fixes the limit of pressures under which the stave pipe can be kept tight, and for constructive reasons the work- 10 WOODEN STAVE PIPE WOODEN STAVE PIPE 11 ing pressure to which stave pipe is subjected should be well within the limit so determined. Experience has shown that 200 feet is a safe and practical limit to which stave pipe can be built. DURABILITY The fact that wood, where in frequent inter- mittent contact with water, is observed to rot fast is no evidence that it does so when continually submerged. When sound wood is kept thoroughly wet it does not rot. Hundreds of important stone structures depend for their stability and support on wooden piles ; and when the precaution was taken to use none but good material, and to keep it below low water level, no decay has resulted. These structures have stood the test of time, some of them for many centuries, and where parts have been removed, and old piles taken up, they have been found to be sound. Wooden bored water pipes of small diameter have been largely used in England and in some of our Eastern cities, and when dug up, after many years of continuous service, have been found as sound and clean as when they were put in. The essential condition to insure an indefinite life of the wooden staves, is that they must be kept constantly saturated. This can best be at- tained by burying the pipe in the ground, as thereby all evaporation from the surface of the pipe will be prevented. If so buried, it is necessary that the pipe should run full at intervals of sufficiently long duration to cause and maintain complete saturation of the wood. When the 12 WOODEN STAVE PIPE a WOODEN STAVE PIPE 13 staves are once thoroughly soaked they will remain so for an indefinite time if the pipe is buried and there be no ventilation through the pipe. If it be admitted that the life of the staves, supposing the above condition to have been com- plied with, is indefinitely long, the life of the pipe as a whole is dependent upon that of the metal bands. In cast, wrought iron or steel pipe the metal serves the double purpose of forming the water-tight shell and providing the strength to resist water pressure. If the metal through corrosion fails in either purpose, the pipe has become useless. It is a notable fact that iron pipe never fails because of reduction in strength, but always because of a pitting action which affords numerous passages for the water, causing leaks. This happens in riveted pipe long before corrosion has seriously weakened the strength of the metal, and such pipe would have a very much longer usefulness could its life be extended until the metal had actually become too weak to resist the strains from water pressure. Such increased life is secured to stave pipe because the metal is placed upon the pipe for purposes Of strength only; and while steel pipe often has to be abandoned when but 5% of its strength is destroyed by corrosion, stave pipe would continue tight and the bands would not be strained beyond their elastic limit until 60% of the metal is rusted away. The shape in which the metal placed on the stave pipe is employed, being of round section, is moreover far more favorable to resist corrosive 14 WOODEN STAVE PIPE 30-Inch Pipe on Bridge Subsequently Boxed in WOODEN STAVE PIPE 15 influences on account of its proportionately small surface than is the attenuated shape of the thin sheets in a riveted or welded pipe. Hence in conditions known to be severe, such as where pipe is to be buried in salt water marshes, stave pipe has been insisted upon by engineers in preference to any other pressure pipe, and in many cases metal pipe abandoned after a few years of service has been replaced by stave pipe. No instance has yet been recorded where stave pipe properly built in the first instance and kept buried and rilled with water has started leaking or has given any evidence of weakening, or in fact has afforded any evidence upon which to base an intelligent limitation of its continued usefulness. As regards the effect of wear of water, when carrying sand, upon the soft wooden staves, which has sometimes been advanced as an objection to wooden pipe, as being likely to shorten its life, we quote from the able report of Mr. S. Fortier, consulting engineer of the Ogden Bench Canal and Water Company: "Wooden stave pipe is now extensively used throughout the arid West, and wherever care has been exercised in its construction, has produced excellent results. For a time it was thought that a stave pipe would soon decay, but the best prac- tice of late years has demonstrated the fact that when laid below the grade line and consequently kept full of water it is practically indestructible. There was but one thing lacking to prove its general durability, viz., the wear on the staves caused by sediment and gravel in the water. 16 WOODEN STAVE PIPE WOODEN STAVE PIPE 17 Nearly three years ago the author began experi- menting in this direction with a view of deter- mining the amount of wear in such piping. A stave pipe of 24 inches diameter, built of Cali- fornia redwood, was laid on a steep grade and water allowed to. flow continuously through it. The water seldom covered or touched upon more than four of the bottom staves and had a mini- mum velocity of 18 feet per second. The character of the water was also the same, as regards sediment, as that flowing in Ogden River. At the end of two years portions of the bottom staves were removed, and, when their thickness after being dried was compared with other staves in the same section of pipe that had never been subjected to any wear, no appreciable diminution in thickness could be observed. The velocity of flow in pipe conduits seldom exceeds six feet per second, so that the amount of wear in the case of the test, the velocity being 18 feet per second, would be about equal to the wear in a conduit on an ordinary grade during a period of six years." LONGITUDINAL STRENGTH The absence of circumferential joints in its construction avoids serious local weakening of the strength of the pipe considered as a long tube, and this, taken in connection with its lightness and the possibility of producing tight work even with some water in the trench, has frequently led to its adoption in situations where, owing to the softness of the ground, other pipe would have required special foundation and expensive pump- ing operations. 18 WOODEN STAVE PIPE 18-Inch Pipe, Cast Iron Elbows WOODEN STAVE PIPE 19 LIGHT WEIGHT OF PARTS In places along steep side hills and otherwise difficult of access, heavy hoisting apparatus or specially constructed roads can be avoided by the use of stave pipe. All the required material for the largest size pipe can be transported on the backs of mules, handled by at the most two men by hand or raised to the line of work by light cables or tramways. This is of great importance not only in first construction but in the matter of repairs should the work be damaged by land slides or from other exterior causes. TIGHTNESS In spite of the enormous proportion of both seam and butt joints, experience has amply shown the possibility of constructing wooden pipe water-tight. Careful tests have been made with pipe lines many miles in length, built by us, where accurate measurements at both ends of the line failed to establish any difference between inflow and outflow. As a deduction from one of these tests, Mr. A. L. Adams in his paper on the "Astoria Water Works" (Am. Soc. C. E. Trans- actions, Dec., 1896) observes that it "gave results which the author believes have never been sur- passed in any other pipe construction of any class." CARRYING CAPACITY In comparing cost of different classes of pres- sure pipe the proper basis is not that of cost per foot for the same diameters alone, nor is it 20 WOODEN STAVE PIPE WOODEN STAVE PIPE 21 sufficient that the comparative endurance of the pipe be added to these considerations. Pipe is built to convey water, and it is the results obtained that should form the basis. If stave pipe of a certain size will do the same work as a metal pipe of larger size, then the cost of the smaller wooden pipe should be compared with that of the larger metal pipe and a comparison on this im- partial basis will still further emphasize the economy to be obtained from the use of stave pipe within the limitations of its safe operation. The flow experiments on stave pipe that have so far been made may not entirely agree among themselves, any more than is the case with other classes of pipe, nevertheless it is an undisputed fact that the carrying capacity of stave pipe ex- ceeds that of metal pipe, even under most favor- able conditions. Entire absence of interior shoulders and smoothness of interior surface account for these results. While metal pipe is very liable to the formation of tubercles upon its interior surface, rapidly reducing its carrying capacity in the course of even a few years, stave pipe remains smooth and its carrying capacity unaffected by age. FIXTURES Gate valves with specially large bells can be inserted in a line of wooden pipe the same as in other pressure pipe, the joints being caulked with oakum and lead. Standard gate valves can be used in connection with short cast iron bell and spigot pieces, having a bell of the necessary size to receive the wooden pipe. 22 WOODEN STAVE PIPE GJ o O WOODEN STAVE PIPE FOR WATER WORKS 23 Connection with other classes of pressure pipe is made by the intervention of a short cast iron bell piece, or by slightly enlarging the end of the wood pipe and lapping the staves over the end of the other pressure pipe. Connection with branch lines, if of about the same diameter, is made by inserting a cast iron, or, for a very large size, a steel riveted "T" with bells of suitable dimensions. If the diameter of the branch line is less than one-half that of the main line, connection can be made in a more economical manner by bolting a cast iron saddle to the side of the pipe, with a bell at its outer end. Blow-off or drain gates are connected simi- larly, the cast iron saddle being, however, usually provided at its outer end with either a flat flange or a screw thread to fit a nipple. Air valves, relief valves and stand pipes are connected in the same manner. Changes in dia- meter can be readily made by the planing down of the staves or by the insertion of additional tapering staves. USES In a general way it can be said that stave pipe may be employed wherever pressure pipe is re- quired with pressure below 200 feet. It may not be amiss to particularize as to its uses. DOMESTIC WATER SUPPLY Stave pipe is peculiarly adapted for the convey- ance of water from distant sources, in view of the general possibility of locating and equipping 24 WOODEN STAVE PIPE FOR WATER WORKS Stand Pipe with Overflow, Main Gate and Air Inlet on 18-Inch Stave Pipe WOODEN STAVE PIPE FOR IRRIGATION 25 long supply mains in such a manner as to keep the pressure within the limits of stave pipe construction, and to avoid serious water ram. Many cities receive their supply exclusively or partly through stave pipe, among which the fol- lowing can be mentioned : Denver, Colo. ; Ogden, Provo and Logan, Utah ; Pocatello, Idaho ; Butte, Mont. ; New Whatcom, Tac.oma, Seattle and Clarkston, Wash. ; Astoria, Ore. ; Oakland, Hollister, Los Angeles and National Soldiers' Home near Santa Monica, Cal.; Abilene, Tex.; Kaslo, B. C. ; Calgary, Al- berta ; St. John, New Brunswick ; Lynchburg, Va. ; Greensboro, N. C., etc. IRRIGATION Wooden flumes, which carry irrigation water on grade over rivers and depressions, are a familiar feature of irrigation canals. They have, however, some serious disadvantages, which render different methods of conveying the water very desirable. Exposed as they are to the action of the wind and sun, the wood warps and cracks, and since they are alternately wet and dry, the wood rots quickly. The trestles upon which they rest form an obstruction to the water in the creeks over which they cross, which, when coming down in freshets, endangers the entire structure. The pipe, when buried in the ground, is pro- tected from the action of the atmosphere and leaves no obstruction to the flow of surface water over it. It may be kept full of water the year round, or where danger of freezing exists, the water may be drawn off through a gate at the 26 WOODEN STAVE PIPE FOR IRRIGATION bottom at the end of the irrigation season. In places where flifme with ordinary height of trestle can be used, an inverted siphon will often be found more economical. Where the dip is so great as to put fluming out of the question, a straight pipe line may be run across, frequently saving many miles of canal. Where water is developed from underground sources or where it is pumped to considerable height, it is of importance that great expense having been incurred in its collection, the water should all be saved and not be allowed to seep away in the ground before reaching its destina- tion, to which clear water is particularly liable. Pipe lines instead of canals are for this reason best adapted to conduct water. They will also save whatever evaporation there may be from open ditches, will do away with troublesome growth of algae in this kind of water and with the annual expense of cleaning, and will admit of continued flow during the winter season for filling storage reservoirs. There is also a saving in the cost of right of way, as they do not show on the surface, and may often be laid for long distances along the county roads. When water is put upon the land by pumping, pump mains are required, for which our pipe thoroughly recommends itself on account of its economy and great carrying capacity and a con- tinual saving in fuel and operating expenses may be obtained through its use. A notable instance of a successful irrigation pumping plant is furnished by the works built WOODEN STAVE PIPE FOR IRRIGATION 27 near Yuma, Arizona, by Messrs. Blaisdell & Hicks, who combined costly pumping machinery of the greatest efficiency with a large wooden main pipe, thereby securing remarkable economy in fuel consumption. Another instance is the plant of the Spreckels Sugar Company, at Kings City, California, where the water pumped by three 20-inch centrifugal pumps is conducted through a 60-inch pipe three thousand feet long to an elevation about 34 feet above the source of supply. Stave pipe has been used for irrigation, as is shown in the following list : Maxwell Grant, N. M. ; Fort Garland, Colo. ; Berkley Lake, Denver ; Bessemer Ditch, Pueblo ; Parachute, Colo. ; Gothenburg, Neb. ; Yuma, Arizona; Bear Valley Irrigation Company, Redlands, Cal. ; Kern County Land Company, Bakersfield, Cal. ; Yakima Valley Canal Co., N. Yakima, Wash. ; City of Los Angeles, Cal. ; Mount Nebo Land'& Irrigation Co., Salt Lake City, Utah; Crocker Hoffman Estate, Merced, Cal. ; Poso Irrigation District, Poso, Cal.; Spreckels Sugar Co., Kings City, Cal.; Bitter Root Valley Irrigation Co., Hamilton, Mont. ; French Land & Irrigation Co., French, N. M. ; Louisiana Rio Grande Canal Co., McAllen, Texas ; Rio Bravo Irrigation Co., McAllen, Texas; Anrl maiT\7- ofli/^r-c tTiif s*r\it]/A V\a ~i ^ *--i ^ A 28 WOODEN STAVE PIPE FOR WATER POWER WATER POWER With the rapid improvement of hydraulic and electric machinery water power is being utilized on an ever increasing scale. In the mountainous districts from which such power in the western United States is generally obtained, the construction of open canals along the side-hills is often prohibitive in cost, if not utterly impracticable. Flume construction is generally possible, but where carried along steep and rocky hill-sides it is frequently very expensive, besides being sub- ject to external injury from fire where on trestle and from rolling boulders, and being liable to interruption from the formation of ice. Occa- sionally flume construction becomes impracticable where a gradual descent of the country compels the construction of very high trestle. In all such cases the use of stave pipe may be advantageously considered. It can be placed along the hill-sides independent of elevation or grade where natural benches afford an economical foundation, and being covered it is subject neither to danger from fires or destruction from falling boulders, nor to interruption from frost or snow, momentous advantages when the necessity for uninterrupted supply of water to the wheels is considered. While in first cost in some cases it compares unfavorably with flume, when short life and cost of maintenance of flumes are given due weight, stave pipe will often be found to be most eco- nomical. Stave pipe is used for this purpose by the Yuba Electric Company, near Marysville; the Floriston Pulp & Paper Company, at Floriston, WOODEN STAVE PIPE FOR OUTFALL SEWERS 29 all in California; and the Reno Water, Land and Light Company at Reno, Nevada ; the Utah Sugar Co., at their Bear River plant ; the City of Spring- ville, Utah; the Vancouver Power Co., at Van- couver, B. C. ; Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. ; Great Northern Power Co., Duluth, Minn. ; Northern Idaho & Montana Power Co., Big Fork, Mont; Hydro Electric Co., Bodie, Cal. ; Michoa- can Power Co., Villasenor, Mexico; Nevada Cali- fornia Power Co., Bishop, Cal. Also in a number of other places that could be enumerated. OUTFALL SEWERS Sewerage has frequently to be conducted long distances to be discharged in the ocean, in natural streams or on sewer farms or filter beds. Where the pipe can be maintained full at intervals or where it lies in wet soil, or where sewage is pumped, conditions for the use of wooden pipe are favorable. In comparison with ordinary sewer pipe it has the advantage that it can be built tight even with a small amount of water in the trench, and that in soft and marshy soil no foun- dation is required, as the pipe when full is no heavier than the soil it displaces and has great longitudinal strength. Stave pipe has been so used in Los Angeles, Hollister, Palo Alto, Menlo Park and San Rafael, all in California; and the important fact that wood is in no way affected by the frequent acidulous character of the sewage is largely in its favor in comparing it with metal pressure pipes. 30 OTHER USES AND TESTIMONIALS OTHER USES Stave pipe has been used for a number of other purposes, such as for discharge pipe of hydraulic dredges, for caissons in wharf and foundation construction, etc., and has given satisfaction in every instance. TESTIMONIALS We can refer you to a number of pipe lines installed by us many years ago, and, if desired, can send you testimony from the owners regard- ing these various installations. TABLES ON FLOW THROUGH WOODEN STAVE PIPE PREFACE It is well known that the carrying capacity of water pipe depends upon the smoothness of its interior surface. In this respect wooden pipe not only surpasses all other pressure pipe in the market, when it is new, but its capacity does not decrease with use, as is the case with wrought iron, steel and cast iron pipe. Our pipe will carry from ten to twenty per cent more water than iron or steel pipe when both are new and from thirty to fifty per cent more when both are ten years old. Until recently the experiments on flow through wooden pipes have been very meager, not cover- ing sufficient range of diameters and velocities to warrant the engineer in using the results as to delivery, without allowing an ample factor of safety. However, of late years, wooden pipe has entered so largely in the construction of pressure conduits ; and, as a result, many experiments have been made to determine more closely its delivering capacity. The results have been plotted logarithmically, using the friction heads as ordinates and the velocities as abscissas, the plotted lines representing the diameters. (Pro- ceedings American Society of Civil Engineers, Oct., 1902.) This logarithmic plotting developed 32 FLOW THROUGH WOODEN STAVE PIPE quite harmonious results, and led to suggesting a formula of the form H m V n where H = friction head per 1000 ft. of pipe. V = velocity in feet per second. m a constant depending on the diameter. n = exponent of the velocity. The value of "m" is obtained directly from the logarithmic plotting by placing "V' } =1. "n" is also obtained from this plotting by scaling the slope of the plotted % lines. In the majority of experiments referred to the value of "n" devel- oped was 1.73. It is not the purpose of this preface to go into a technical discussion of the formula above sug- gested, but the results obtained therefrom seem to harmonize with actual experiment more nearly than those derived from the Kutter formula, which had been generally used, or from any other formula which has come under our observation. We have therefore accepted the new formula as the safest basis at present available and have used same in the compilation of the following tables. The tables may be used First To ascertain the loss of head or fric- tional resistance within any size pipe, while dis- charging given quantities of water. Second To find the maximum quantity of water which any size pipe will discharge under a given head. Third To determine the size of pipe required to conduct a given quantity of water under a given head. The total head required to force water into and through a line of pipe consists of three parts : FLOW THROUGH WOODEN STAVE PIPE 33 h r The head required to impart velocity to the water. h . The head required to overcome resistance of contraction at the point of entrance. h r The head required to overcome frictional resistance in the pipe itself. h is solely dependent upon the velocity of the water in the pipe, and is given in the first columns of the tables. h 2 depends upon the facility with which the water enters the pipe, and may be approximated from h x as follows : Pipe projecting into reservoir h 2 = 0.96 h r Pipe flush with side of reservoir h = 0.47 h^ Pipe with funnel-shaped intake h = 0.06 h 1> h 3 is directly proportionate to the length of the pipe, and becomes all-important for long pipe lines, in which case h 1 and h 9 may often be entirely neglected. This is not the case with short pipe lines, such as siphons for irrigation canals, especially if the water is to attain a high rate of speed. The tables are based on the assumption of pipe lines perfectly straight, both as regards alignment and grade. FLOW THROUGH WOODEN STAVE PlPE 35 TEN -INCH PIPE. *J CVrj o> 5 L I FRICTION HEAD i* .1 C rt > . ' in Feet 8 . C t3> **$ 60 "2 *^.H S ill !, IgJ Per Per ^=t 5 > 5 1,000 Feet Mile Q 0.00 0.44 0.23 0.10 0.53 0.14 0.00 0.49 0.26 0.12 0.64 0.16 0.00 0.55 0.29 0.15 0.79 0.18 0.01 0.65 0.35 0.2 1.06 0.22 0.01 0.83 0.45 0.3 1.58 0.29 0.01 0.98 0.53 0.4 2.11 0.34 0.02 1.10 0.59 0.5 2.64 38 0.03 1.24 0.67 0.6 3.17 0.43 0.03 1.36 0.74 0.7 3.70 0.47 0.03 1.47 0.78 0.8 4.22 0.50 0.04 1.57 0.85 0.9 4.75 0.55 0.04 1.66 0.9 1.0 5.28 0.58 0.07 2.12 1.1 1.5 7.92 0,75 0.10 2.50 1.3 2 10.56 0.88 0.15 3.16 1.7 3 15.84 1.10 0,21 3.72 2.0 4 21.12 1.29 0.28 4.23 2.3 5 26.40 1.49 0.34 4.70 2.5 6 31.68 1.62 0.41 5.15 2.8 7 36.96 1 81 0.48 5.55 3 8 42.24 1.94 0.55 5.93 3 2 9 47 . 52 2.07 0.62 6.30 3.4 10 52.80 2.21 0.76 7.00 3.8 12 63.36 2.46 0.91 7.65 4.1 14 73.92 2.66 1.0 8.26 4.4 16 84.48 2.85 1.2 8.85 4.8 18 95.04 3.11 1.4 9.42 5.1 20 105.60 3.30 t 36 FLOW THROUGH WOODEN STAVE PlPE TWELVE -INCH PIPE. L el I *$* FRICTION HEAD in Feet || ill n ||Jj Per Per 1PI a 4> -' 5 1.000 Feet Mile 5 ' 0.01 49 0.40 0.10 0.53 0.25 0.01 0.54 0.45 0.12 0.64 0.29 0.01 0.62 0.50 0.15 0.79 0.32 0.01 0.73 0.60 0.20 1.06 0.38 0.01 0.92 0.76 0.30 1 .58 0.49 0.02 1.08 0.89 0.4 2.11 0.57 0.02 1 23 1.01 0.5 2.64 0.65 0.03 1.37 1.13 0.6 3.17 0.73 0.04 1.50 1.25 0.7 3.70 0.80 0.04 1.63 1.34 0.8 4.22 0.86 0.05 1.73 1.43 0.9 4.75 0.92 0.05 1.83 1.52 1.0 5.28 0.98 0.07 2.33 1.8 1.5 7.92 1.16 12 2.75 2.1 2 10.56 1.36 0.19 3.48 2.7 3 15.84 1.74 0.26 4.10 3.2 4 21.12 2.07 0.34 4.69 3.6 5 26.40 2.33 0.42 5.20 4.0 6 31.68 2.59 0.51 5.70 4.4 7 36.96 2.85 0.59 6.15 4.8 8 42.24 3.12 0.68 6.60 5.1 9 47.54 3.30 0.76 6.98 5.4 10 52.80 3.49 0.92 7.70 6.0 12 63.36 3.88 1.1 8.45 6.5 14 73.92 4.21 1.3 9.10 7.1 16 84.48 4.60 1.5 9.75 7.6 18 95.04 4.92 1.7 10.40 8.1 20 105.60 5.25 FLOW THROUGH WOODEN STAVE PlPE FOURTEEN - INCH PIPE. s}f . fc-g | FRICTION HEAD in Feet eS? c -o> $ 5l &of E III *O 14 o o 2-5 8 *F & v Per Per 1P| > s 1,000 Feet Mile 5 0.01 0.53 0.57 0.10 0.53 0.36 0.01 0.59 0.63 0.12 0.64 0.40 0.01 0.67 0.72 0.15 79 0.46 0.01 0.80 0.86 0.20 1.06 0.55 0.02 1.00 1.07 0.30 1.58 0.69 0.02 1.18 1.26 0.4 2.11 0.81 0.03 1.35 1.44 0.5 2.64 0.93 0.04 1.50 1.60 0.6 3.17 1.03 0.04 1.64 1.76 0.7 3.70 1.14 0.05 1.78 1.90 0.8 4.22 1.23 0.06 1.89 2.02 0.9 4.75 1.30 0.06 2.00 2.14 1.0 5.28 1.38 0.10 2.53 2.7 1.5 7.92 1.75 0.14 2.98 3.2 2.0 10.56 2.07 0.22 3.78 4-0 3 15.84 2,60 0.31 4.45 4.7 4 21.12 3.03 0.40 5.10 5.4 5 26.40 3.50 0.50 5.65 6.0 6 31.68 3 87 0.60 6.19 6.6 7 36.96 4 27 0.69 6.68 7.1 8 42*. 24 4.58 0.79 7.13 7.6 9 47.52 4,90 0.88 7.58 8.1 10 52.80 5.23 1.1 8.40 9.0 12 63.36 5.82 1.3 9.20 9.8 14 73.92 6.32 1.5 9.90 10.6 16 84.48 6.85 1.8 10,7 11.4 18 95.04 7.39 2.0 11.4 12.2 20 105.60 7.90 38 FLOW THROUGH WOODEN STAVE PlPE SIXTEEN -INCH PIPE. v o > t t C 3 4> . Qi FRICTION HEAD [t, -^"3 el c tS in Feet Sgjb zl &al &oS 111 "3 * 5 Per 1,000 Feet Per Mile ill! Q 0.01 0.59 0.8 0.10 0.53 0.51 0.01 0.69 0.9 0.12 0.64 0.58 0.01 0.72 1.0 0.15 0.79 0.65 0.01 0.85 1.2 0.2 1.06 77 0.02 1.08 1.5 0.3 1.58 ,0.97 0.03 1.27 1.8 0.4 2.11 1.16 0.03 1.45 2.0 0.5 2.64 1.30 0.04 1.61 2.2 0.6 3.17 1.45 0.05 1.77 2.5 0.7 3.70 1.62 0.06 1.90 2.7 0.8 4.22 1.74 0.06 2.03 2.8 0.9 4.75 1.81 0.07 2.17 3.0 1.0 5.28 1.94 0.12 " 2.74 3.8 1.5 7.92 2.46 0.16 3.24 4.5 2 10.56 2.92 0.26 4.10 5.7 3 15.84 .3.69 0.36 4.83 6.7 4 21.12 4.34 0.47 5.50 7.7 5 26.40 4.98 0.58 6.10 8.5 6 31.68 5.50 0.70 6.70 9.3 7 36.96 6.02 0.81 7.22 10.0 8 42.24 6.48 0.93 7.73 10.8 9 47.52 7.05 1.2 8.20 11.4 10 52.80 7.39 1.3 9.10 12.7 12 63.36 8.21 1.5 9.91 13.8 14 73.92 8:95 1.8 10.7 14.9 16 84.48 9.55 2.1 11.5 16.0 18 95.04 10.3 2.3 12.2 17 20 105.60 11.0 FLOW THROUGH WOODEN STAVE PlPE EIGHTEEN - INCH PIPE. Head in Feet re- quired to pro- duce Velocity. L P Discharge in Cubic Feet per Second. FRICTION HEAD in Feet Discharge in Million Gallons per twenty-four Hours. Per 1,000 Feet Per Mile 0.01 0.61 1.1 0.10 0.53 0.71 0.01 0.68 1.2 0.12 0.64 0.77 0.01 0.77 1.4 0.15 0.79 0,90 0.01 0.91 1.6 0.20 1.06 .03 0.02 1.15 2.0 0.30 1.58 .30 0.03 1.36 2.4 0.40 2.11 .55 0.04 1.55 2.7 0.50 2.64 .74 0.05 1.72 3.0 0.60 3.17 .94 0.05 1.87 3.3 0.70 3.70 2.14 0.06 2.00 3.5 0.80 4.22 2.26 0.07 2.17 3.8 0.90 4.75 2.46 0.08 2.30 4.1 1.0 5.28 2.66 0.13 2.91 5.1 1.5 7.92 3.30 0.18 3.43 6.1 2 10.56 3.95 0.29 4.35 7.7 3 15.84 4.98 0.41 5.15 9.1 4 21.12 5.89 0.53 5.85 10.3 5 26.40 6.66 0.65 6.49 11.5 6 31.68 7.45 0.78 7.08 12.5 7 36.96 8.10 0.91 7.66 13.5 8 42.24 8.75 1.0 8.20 14.5 9 47.52 9.40 1.2 8.70 15.4 10 52.80 9.99 1.4 9.6 17.0 12 63.36 11.0 1.8 10.7 18.9 14 73.92 12.2 2.1 11.5 20.3 16 84.48 13.2 2.3 12.2 21.6 18 95.04 14.0 2.7 13.1 23.2 20 105.60 15.0 40 FLOW THROUGH WOODEN STAVE PlPE TWENTY -INCH PIPE. ~ tJ g v> u s: a o,'D L Q. FRICTION HEAD .2.5 of 0.2 .50 ~ ju in Feet ~o~ 'c'S > i| ^o'c > |5 i'3 u "" III Per Per 1P1 > Q 1,000 Feet Mile Q 0.01 0.65 1.4 0.10 0.53 0.90 0.01 0.72 1.6 0.12 0.64 1.03 0.01 0.82 1 .8 0.15 0.79 1.16 0.01 0.97 2.1 0.2 1.06 1.36 0.02 1.22 2.7 0.3 1.58 1.75 0.03 1.44 3.1 0.4 2.11 2.01 0.04 1.64 3.6 0.5 2.64 2.33 0.05 1.82 4.0 0.6 3.17 2.59 0.06 2.00 4.4 0.7 3.70 2. 85 0.07 2.13 4.6 0.8 4.22 2.98 0.08 2.30 5.0 0.9 4! 75 3.24 0.09 2.45 5.3 1.0 5.28 3.43 0.15 3.10 6.8 1.5 7.92 4.41 0.21 3.66 8.0 2 10.56 5.18 0.33 4.63 10. 1 3 15.84 6.55 0.46 5.45 11.9 4 21.12 7.70 0.60 6 20 13.5 - 5 26.40 8.75 0.74 6.90 15.1 6 31.68 9.80 0.88 7.52 16.4 7 36.96 10.6 1.0 8.15 17.8 8 42.24 11.5 1.2 8.73 19.0 9 47.52 12.3 1.3 9.28 20.2 10 52.80 13.0 1.7 10,3 22.5 12 63.36 14.5 2.0 11.3 24.7 14 73.92 15.0 2.3 12.1 26.4 16 84.48 17.1 2.6 13.0 28.4 18 95.04 18.4 3.0 13.8 30.1 20 105.60 19.5 FLOVV THROUGH WOODEN STAVE PlPE 41 TWENTY-TWO-INCH PIPE, gSi L I FRICTION HEAD Sa !>? 1^1 C o '>! in Feet ;5t C TJ> < woe ffSM 'ill X ll "v A ls 5 Uc/1 Per 1,000 Feet Per Mile Sstg jfS&a Q 0.01 0.68 1.8 0.10 0.53 1.16 0.01 0.76 2.0 0.12 0.64 1.30 0.01 0.86 2.3 0.15 0.79 1.49 0.02 1.02 2.7 0.20 1.06 1.75 0.03 1.29 3.4 0.30 1.58 2.21 0.04 1.51 4.0 0.40 2.11 2.59 0.05 1.73 4.6 0.50 2.64 2.98 0.06 1.93 5.1 0.60 3.17 3.30 0.07 2.10 5.5 0.70 3.70 3.56 0.08 2.25 5.9 0.80 4.22 3.82 0.09 2.43 6.4 0.90 4.75 4.15 0.10 2.58 6.8 1.0 5.28 4.40 0.17 3.28 8.7 1.5 7.92 5.60 0.23 3.86 10.2 2.0 10.56 6.61 0.37 4.88 12.9 3 15.84 8.35 0.52 5.76 15.2 4 21.12 9.85 0.67 6.55 17.3 5 26.40 11.2 0.82 7.28 19.2 6 31.68 12.4 1.0 7.95 21.0 7 36.96 13.6 1.1 8.55 22.6 8 42.24 14.6 1.3 9.20 24.3 9 47.52 15.8 1.5 9.78 25.8 10 52.80 16.8 1.8 10.8 28.5 12 63.36 18.4 2.2 11.8 31.1 14 73.92 20.3 2.6 12.9 34.0 16 84.48 22.1 3.0 13.8 36.4 18 95.04 23.5 3.3 14.6 38.5 20 105.60 24.8 42 FLOW THROUGH WOODEN STAVE 'PlPE TWENTY-FOUR -INCH PIPE. k&Sf *-> Q.'o SoJ* fjL -M 4> L C o 5] v LL * FRICTION HEAD in Feet 40 I- II c*5 > *0c -%> 5$ S1 80= <" .; 5 S * tl QJ U U 33 li r ! wUW s Per 1,000 Feet Per Mile rt Z< c^ - o KSM Q 0.01 0.71 2.2 0.10 0.53 1.42 0.01 0.79 2.5 0.12 0.64 1.62 0.01 0.90 2.8 0.15 0.79 1.81 0.02 1.06 3.3 0.2 1.06 2.14 0.03 1.35 4.2 0.3 1.58 2.72 0.04 1.59 5.0 0.4 2.11 3.24 0.05 1.81 5.7 0.5 2.64 3.69 0.06 2.01 6.3 0.6 3.17 4.07 0.08 2.20 6.9 0.7 3.70 4.46 0.09 2.36 7.4 0.8 4.22 4.79 0.10 2.55 8.0 0.9 4.75 5.19 0.11 2.70 8.5 1.0 5.28 5.50 0.18 3.41 10.7 1.5 7.92 6.95 0.25 4.03 12.7 2 10.56 8.20 0.40 5.10 16.0 3 15.84 10.1 0.56 6.00 18.9 4 21.12 12.2 0.73 6.83 21.5 5 26.40 13.9 0.89 7.60 23.9 6 31.68 15-5 1.1 8.28 26.0 7 36.96 16.8 1.2 8.95 28.0 8 42.24 18.1 1.4 9.55 30.0 9 47.52 19.4 1.6 10.2 32.0 10 52.80 20.7 2.0 11.4 35.8 12 63.36 23.2 2.4 12.4 39.0 14 73.92 25.2 2.8 13.4 42.1 16 84.48 27.3 3.2 14.3 44.9 18 95.04 29.1 3.6 15.2 48.0 20 105.60 31.1 FLOW THROUGH WOODEN STAVE PlPE 43 TWENTY-SIX-INCH PIPE, *i& !~I L C o I S U FRICTION HEAD in Feet D 1 ~3i sft .t2 o X ft 131 Q JJI* !&s Q Per 1,000 Feet Per Mile 0.01 0.75 2.7 0.10 0,53 1.75 0.01 0.83 3.0 0.12 0.64 1 .94 0.01 0.95 3.5 0.15 0.79 2.27 0.02 1.12 4.1 0.20 1.06 2.66 0.03 1.42 5.2 0.30 1.58 3.37 0.04 1.68 6.1 0.40 2.11 3.95 0.06 1.90 6.9 0.50 2.64 4.47 0.07 2.12 7.7 0.60 3.17 4.99 0.08 2.31 8.4 0.70 3.70 5.43 0.09 2.47 9.0 0.80 4.22 5.82 0.11 2.67 9.7 0.90 4.75 6.29 0.12 2.83 10.3 1.00 5.28 6.65 0.20 3.60 13.1 1.50 7.92 8.49 0.28 4.25 15.4 2 10.56 9.99 0.47 5.50 20.0 3 15.84 12.9 0.63 6.35 23.1 4 21.12 14.9 0.81 7.21 26.2 5 26.40 16.8 0.99 8.00 29.1 6 31.68 18.9 1.2 8.77 31.9 7 36.96 20.7 1.4 9.46 34.4 8 42.24 22.1 1.6 10.1 36.7 9 47.52 23.8 1.8 10.7 38.9 10 52.80 25.2 2.2 11.9 43.2 12 63.36 28.0 2.7 13.1 47.6 14 73 92 30.7 3.1 14.1 51.3 16 84.48 33.4 3.5 15.0 54.5 18 95.04 35.9 4.0 16.0 58.2 20 105.60 37.7 44 FLOW THROUGH WOODEN STAVE PIPE TWENTY-EIGHT - INCH PIPE. !if 1*1 L -H I .StJ FRICTION HEAD in Feet <2i; 33 23$ ^T3> 5-S *J y u Jf;l file |W v U& Ucn Per 1,000 Feet Per Mile Sits Q 0.01 0.78 3.3 0.10 0.53 2.14 0.01 0.87 3.7 0.12 0.64 2.39 0.02 0.99 4.2 0.15 0.79 2.71 0.02 1.16 5.0 0.2 1.06 3.24 0.03 1.47 6.3 0.3 1.58 4.08 0.05 1.75 7.5 0.4 2.11 4.86 0.06 1.98 8.5 0.5 2.64 5.50 0.08 2.20 9.4 0.6 3.17 6.09 0.09 2.41 10.3 0.7 3.70 6.66 0.10 2.58 11.0 0.8 4.22 7.12 0.12 2.79 11.9 0.9 4.75 7.70 0.14 2.95 12.6 1.0 5.28 8.15 0.22 3.75 16.0 1.5 7.92 10.3 0.30 4.41 18.9 2 10.56 12.2 0.49 5.60 23.9 3 15.84 15.5 0.68 6.60 28.2 4 21.12 18.3 0.87 7.50 32.1 5 26.40 20.8 1.1 8.35 35.7 6 31.68 23.2 1.3 9.10 38.9 7 36.96 25.2 1.5 9.85 42.1 8 42.24 27.2 1.7 10.5 44.9 9 47.52 29.0 2.0 11.2 47.9 10 52.80 31.0 2.4 12.4 53.0 12 63.36 34.3 2.9 13.6 58.2 14 73.92 37.7 3.3 14.6 62.4 16 84.48 40.5 3.8 15.6 66.7 18 95,04 43.1 4-3 16.6 71.0 20 105.60 46.0 FLOW THROUGH WOODEN STAVE PlPE 45 THIRTY -INCH PIPE. it* it I FRICTION HEAD .11 Isl e .- v in Feet "*"O "e > ll i*(/) Er li d 2*0 c |||c ill g^ 8 *- 3 C CflUW Per Per fill > 5 1,000 Feet Mile 5 0.01 0.81 4.0 0.10 0.53 2 59 0.01 0.90 4.4 0.12 0.64 2.85 0.02 1.03 5.0 0.15 0-79 3.24 0.02 3.21 5.9 0.20 1.06 3.82 0.04 1 53 7.5 30 1.58 4.85 0.05 1.81 8.9 0.40 2.11 5.76 0.07 2.06 10.1 0.50 2.64 6.52 0.08 2.29 11.2 0.6 3.17 7.25 0.10 2.50 12.3 0.7 3.70 7.98 0.11 2.68 13.2 0.8 4.22 8.55 0.13 2.89 14.2 0.9 4.75 9.20 0.14 3.05 15.0 1.0 5.28 9.71 0.24 3.90 19.2 1.5 7.92 12.4 0.33 4.61 22.6 2 10.56 14.6 0.51 5.85 28.7 3 15.84 18.6 0.74 6.88 33.8 4 21.12 21.9 0.95 7.81 38.3 5 26.40 24.7 1.2 8.7 42.7 6 31.68 27.6 1.4 9.5 46.6 7 36.96 30.2 1.7 10.3 50.6 8 42.24 32.7 1.9 10.9 53.5 9 47.52 34.6 2.1 11.6 56.9 10 52.80 36.7 2.5 12.8 62.8 12 63.36 40.6 3.1 14.1 69.2 14 73.92 44.8 3.6 15.2 74.6 16 84.48 48.2 4.1 16.2 79.5 18 95.04 51.5 4.6 17.3 84.9 20 105.60 55.0 46 FLOW THROUGH WOODEN SlAVE PlPE THIRTY-TWO-INCH PIPE. s$i M L c I .StJ FRICTION HEAD in Feet CO U nit -> .2 4* W Jjj 8s 'S >| I'll 1-8 wUc/i Per Per |||| > Q 1,000 Feet Mile 5 0.01 0.84 4.7 0.10 0.53 3.04 0.01 0.93 5.2 0.12 0.64 3.46 0.02 1.06 5.9 0.15 0.79 3.82 0.02 1.26 7.1 0.2 1.06 4.60 0.04 1.58 8.8 0.3 1.58 5.70 0.05 1.87 10.4 0.4 2.11 6.73 0.07 2.13 11.9 0.5 2.64 7.70 0.09 2.37 13.2 0.6 3.17 8.55 0.10 2.58 14.4 0.7 3.70 9.33 0.12 2.76 15.4 0.8 4.22 9.98 0.14 2.96 16.5 0.9 4.75 10.7 0.15 3.15 17.6 1.0 5.28 11.4 0.25 4.01 22.4 1.5 7.92 14.5 0.35 4.75 26.5 2 10.56 17.1 0.56 6.00 33.5 3 15.84 21.7 0.77 7.05 39.4 4 21.12 25.4 1.0 8.05 44.9 5 26.40 29.1 1.2 8.95 50.0 6 31.68 32.4 1.5 9.80 54.7 7 36.96 35.4 1.7 10.5 58.6 8 42.24 37.8 2.0 11.2 62:6 9 47.52 40.6 2.2 11.9 66.5 10 52.80 43.0 2.7 13-2 73.7 12 63.36 47.8 3.3 14.5 81.0 14 73.92 52.3 3.8 15.6 87.1 16 84.48 56.4 4.4 16.8 93.8 18 95 04 60,5 4.9 17.8 99.4 20 105.60 64.5 FLOW THROUGH WOODEN SjAws-P*eE. 47 >; U pRA ^7 N \ THIRTY-FOUR - INCH x* pi L I nti FRICTION HEAD (A k. Ja -~ .W O . C in Feet '= PO> i? ffiiii c-o 52 Til 5-2 o is* Q Per 1,000 Feet Per Mile 5 0.01 0.87 5.5 0.10 0.53 3.56 0.01 0.96 6.0 0.12 0.64 3.88 0.02 1.10 6.9 0.15 0.79 4.46 0.03 1.30 8.2 0.2 1.06 5.31 0.04 1.64 10.3 0.3 1.58 6.65 0.06 1.93 12.2 0.4 2.11 7.80 0.08 2.20 13.9 0.5 2.64 9.00 0.09 2.45 15.4 0.6 3.17 9.99 0.11 2.68 16.9 0.7 3.70 10.9 0.13 2.86 18.0 0.8 4.22 11.6 0.15 3.09 19.5 0.9 4.75 12.7 0.17 3.28 20.7 1.0 5.28 13.4 0.27 4.15 26.2 1.5 7.92 17.0 0.37 4.90 30.9 2 10.56 20.0 0.60 6.20 39.1 3 15.84 25.3 0.83 7.30 46.0 4 21.12 29.8 1.1 8.31 52.4 5 26.40 34.0 1.3 9.25 58.3 6 31.68 38.5 1.6 10.2 64.3 7 36.96 41.8 1.8 10.8 68.1 8 42.24 44.1 2.1 11.6 73.1 9 47.52 47.4 2.4 12.4 78.2 10 52.80 50.8 2.9 13.7 86.4 12 63.36 56.0 35 15.0 94.6 14 73.92 61.1 4.1 16.2 102 16 84.48 66.1 4.7 17.3 109 18 95.04 70.5 53 18.4 116 20 105.60 75.1 48 FLOW THROUGH WOODEN STAVE PlPE THIRTY-SIX - INCH PIPE. iox u C. *J L I FRICTION HEAD V. II 4> *0 c"c5 > Si? . ~4 > 5 1,000 Feet Mile 5 0.01 0.92 7.2 0.10 0.53 4 65 0.02 1.03 8.1 0.12 0.64 5.24 0.02 1.16 9.1 0.15 0.79 5.89 0.03 1.38 10.9 0.2 1.06 7 05 0.03 1.75 13.8 0.3 1.58 8.95 0.07 2.05 16.1 0.4 2.11 10.2 0.09 2.35 18.5 0.5 2.64 12.6 0.11 2.60 20.5 0.6 3.17 13.2 0.13 2.85 22.4 0.7 3.70 14.5 0.14 3.02 23.8 0.8 4.22 15.4 0.17 3.28 25.8 0.9 4.75 16.7 0.19 3.48 27.4 1.0 5.28 17.7 0.30 4.40 34.6 1.5 7.92 23.3 0.42 5.21 41.0 2 10.56 26.6 0.68 6.60 52.0 3 15.84 33.7 0.94 7.75 61.0 4 21.12 39.5 1.2 8.81 69.4 5 26 . 40 45.0 1.5 9.80 77.2 6 31.68 50.0 1.8 10.7 84.3 7 36.96 54.7 2.1 11.6 91.4 8 42.24 59.3 2.4 12.4 97.7 9 47.52 63.0 2.7 13.2 104 10 52.80 67.5 3.3 14.6 115 12 63.36 74.5 4.0 16.0 126 14 73.92 81.5 4.6 17.2 135 16 84.48 87.5 5.3 18.5 146 18 95.04 94.4 5.9 19.5 154 20 105.60 99.9 50 FLOW THROUGH WOODEN STAVE PlPE FORTY- INCH PIPE. Head in Feet re- quired to pro- duce Velocity. Velocity in Feet per Second. Discharge in Cubic Feet per Second. FRICTION HEAD in Feet Discharge in Million Gallons per twenty-four Hours. Per 1,000 Feet Per Mile 0.01 0.95 8.3 0.10 0.53 5.35 0.02 1.05 8.8 0.12 0-64 5.69 0.02 1.20 10.5 0.15 0.79 6.80 0.03 1.42 12.4 0.2 1.06 8.05 0.05 1.80 15.7 0.3 1.58 10.1 0.07 2.12 18.5 0.4 2.11 12.0 0.09 2.40 20.9 0.5 2.64 13.5 0.11 2.67 23.3 0.6 3.17 15.1 0.13 2.92 25.5 0.7 3.70 16.5 0.15 3.12 27.2 0.8 4.22 17.6 0.18 3.37 29.4 0.9 4.75 19.0 0.20 3.58 31.2 1.0 5.28 20.2 0.32 4.53 39.5 1.5 7.92 25.6 0.45 5.35 46.7 2 10.56 30.2 0.72 6.80 59.3 3 15.84 38.2 0.99 7.98 69.7 4 21.12 45.1 1.3 9.09 79.3 5 26.40 51.5 1.6 10.1 88.1 6 31.68 57.1 1.9 11*0 96.0 7 36.96 62.2 2.2 11.9 104 8 42.40 67.3 2.5 12.7 111 9 47.52 72.0 2.8 13.5 118 10 52.80 76.5 3.4 15.1 132 12 63.36 85.5 4,2 16.5 144 14 73.92 93.2 4.9 17.8 155 16 84.48 100.5 5,6 19.0 166 18 95.04 107.5 6.3 20.1 175 20 105-60 114.5 FLOW THROUGH WOODEN SlAVE PlPE 51 FORTY-TWO - INCH PIPE. .$ L I FRICTION HEAD a* o o loo ~ .5 o ! in Feet ;11 ^ *(/> vfo'c !?!f g III PC 1* isl Q Per 1,000 Feet Per Mile IIII 0.01 0.97 9.3 0.10 0.53 6.01 0.02 1.07 10.3 0.12 0.64 6.65 0.02 1.23 11.8 0.15 0.79 7.65 0.03 1.46 14.0 0.2 1.06 9.08 0.05 1.84 17.7 0.3 1.58 11.5 0.07 2.17 20.9 0.4 2.11 13.5 0.09 2.47 23.8 0.5 2.64 15.4 0.12 2.75 26.5 0.6 3.17 17.8 0.14 3.00 28.9 0.7 3.70 18.7 0.16 3.20 30.8 0.8 4.22 20.0 0.18 3.46 33.3 0.9 4.75 21.6 0.22 3.68 35.4 1.0 5.28 22.9 0.34 4.65 44.7 1.5 7.92 29.0 0.47 5.50 52.9 2 10.56 34.1 0.75 6.95 66.9 3 15.84 43.3 1.0 8.20 78.9 4 21.12 51.0 1.3 9.30 89.5 5 26.40 57.5 1.7 10.4 100 6 31,68 64.8 2.0 11.3 109 7 36.96 70.5 2.3 12.2 117 8 42.24 75.7 2.7 13.1 126 9 47.52 81.6 3.0 14.0 135 10 52.80 87.5 3.7 15.5 149 12 63.36 96.5 4.5 17.0 164 14 73.92 106 5.2 18.2 175 16 84.48 113 6.0 19.6 189 18 95.04 122 6.7 20.7 199 20 105.60 129 52 FLOW THROUGH WOODEN STAVE PIPE FORTY-FOUR-INCH PIPE. iox V o $ W U *~i ~ D.'o v . tL1-l a, FRICTION HEAD 3& %0 u-~^ --d> = -'ll O OH3 E Velocity in 1 per Secont Discharge in Cubic Feel Second. in Feet Discharge in Million Gal per twenty- Hours. Per 1,000 Feet Per Mile 0.02 1.00 10.6 0.10 0.53 6.85 0.02 1.12 11.8 0.12 0.64 7.64 0.03 1.27 13.4 0,15 0.79 8.68 0.04 1.50 15.8 0.2 1.06 10.2 0.06 1.90 20.0 0.3 1.58 12.9 0.08 2.25 23.7 04 2.11 15.4 0.10 2.55 26 9 0.5 2.64 17.4 0.12 2.82 29.8 0.6 3.17 19.4 0.15 3 10 32.7 0.7 3.70 21.3 0.17 3.30 34.8 0.8 4.22 22.5 20 3.57 37.7 0.9 4.75 24.5 0.22 3.78 39.9 1.0 5.28 25.7 0.36 4.80 50.7 1.5 7.92 32.7 0.50 5.68 60.0 2 10.56 38.9 0.80 7.16 75.6 3 15.84 49.0 1 .1 8.45 89.2 4 21.12 58.0 1.4 9.61 101 5 26.40 65-5 1.8 10.7 113 6 31.68 73.0 2.1 11.7 124 7 36.96 80 5 2.5 12.6 133 8 42.24 86.0 2 8 13.5 143 9 47 . 52 92.5 3.1 14.2 150 10 52.80 97.2 3.9 15.9 168 12 63 36 109 4.8 17.5 185 14 73.92 120 5.5 18.8 198 16 84.48 128 6.3 20.1 212 18 95.04 137 7.1 21 4 226 20 105.60 146 FLOW THROUGH WOODEN STAVE PlPE 53 FORTY-SIX-INCH PIPE. ** c.'n ! k FRICTION HEAD 11 lo u.-; & 111 X p Discharge in Cubic Feel Second. in Feet Discharge in Million Gal per twenty- Hours. Per 1,000 Feet Per Mile 0.02 1.04 12.0 0.10 0.53 7.78 0.02 1.16 13.4 0.12 0.64 8.68 03 1.31 15.1 0.15 0.79 9.76 0.04 1.55 17.8 0.2 1.06 11.5 0.06 1.96 22.6 0.3 1.58 14.6 0.08 2.30 26.5 0.4 2.11 17.1 0.11 2.62 30.2 0.5 2.64 19.6 0.13 2.90 33.5 0.6 3.17 21.7 0.16 3.18 36.7 0.7 3.70 23.8 0.18 3.42 39.5 0.8 4.22 25.6 0.21 3.67 42.3 0.9 4.75 27.3 0.24 3.89 44.9 1.0 5.28 29.1 0.37 4.91 56.7 1.5 7.92 36.6 0.53 5.82 67.2 2 10.56 43.6 0.84 7.37 85.0 3 15.84 55.0 1.2 8.70 100 4 21.12 64.8 1.5 9.90 114 5 26.40 73.9 1.9 11.0 127 6 31.68 82.1 2.2 12.0 138 7 36.96 90.7 2.6 12.9 149 8 42.24 96.5 3.0 13.8 159 9 47.52 103 3.3 14.6 168 10 52.80 109 4.1 16.3 188 12 63.36 121 5.0 17.9 207 14 73.92 133 5.8 19.3 223 16 84.48 144 6.7 20.7 239 18 95.04 154 7.5 22.0 254 20 105.60 164 54 FLOW THROUGH WOODEN STAVE PIPE FORTY-EIGHT-INCH PIPE. Head in Feet re- quired to pro- duce Velocity Velocity in Feet per Second. Discharge in Cubic Feet per Second. FRICTION HEAD in Feel Discharge in Million Gallons per twenty-four Hours. Per 1,000 Feet Per Mile 0.02 1.07 13.4 0.10 0.53 8.68 0.02 1.18 14.8 0.12 0.64 9.59 0.03 1.35 17.0 0.15 0.79 11.0 0.04 1.60 20.1 0.2 1.06 13.0 0.06 2.02 25.4 0.3 1.58 16.4 0.09 2.37 29.8 0.4 2.11 19.4 0.11 2.69 33.8 0.5 2.64 21.8 0.14 2-97 37.3 0.6 3.17 24.2 16 3.26 41.0 0.7 3.70 26.6 0.19 3.52 44.2 0.8 4.22 28.7 0.22 3.78 47.5 0.9 4.75 30.8 0,25 4.00 50.3 1.0 5.28 32.7 0.40 5.05 63.5 1.5 7.92 41.1 0.56 5.98 75.2 2 10.56 48.6 0.89 7.56 95 3 15.84 61.5 1.2 8.90 112 4 21.12 72.5 1.6 10.2 128 5 26.40 86 2.0 11,3 142 6 31.68 92 2.4 12.4 156 7 36.96 101 2.8 13.3 167 8 42.24 108 3.1 14.2 178 9 47.52 115 3.5 15.0 188 10 52.80 121 4.3 16.7 210 12 63.36 136 5.3 18.4 231 14 73.92 149 6.1 19.8 249 16 84.48 161 7.1 21.3 267 18 95.04 173 7.9 22.6 284 20 105.60 184 FLOW THROUGH WOODEN STAVE PlPE 55 FIFTY-FOUR - INCH PIPE. o6>, oJ i 5 M W > . a FRICTION HEAD .2 & ||| ! in Feet 'Zit ill *j o lp wU(/} Per Per I! II BS > Q 1,000 Feet Mile 5 0.02 1.14 18.1 0.10 0.53 11.7 0.03 1.27 20.2 0.12 '0.64 13.1 0.03 1.44 22.9 0.15 0.79 14.6 0.05 1.73 27.5 0.2 1.06 17.7 0.07 2.16 34.3 0.3 1.58 22.2 0.10 2.51 39.9 0.4 2.11 25.7 0.13 2.86 45.5 0.5 2.64 29.5 0.16 3.18 50.5 0.6 3.17 32.7 0.19 3.47 55.2 -0.7 3.70 35.7 0.22 3.75 59.6 0.8 4.22 38.5 0.25 4.00 63.6 0.9 4.75 41.1 0-28 4.23 67.3 1.0 5.28 43.6 0.45 5.38 85.4 1.5 7.92 55.8 0.63 6.36 101 2 10.56 65.5 1.0 8.05 128 3 15.84 82.9 1.4 9.50 151 4 21.12 9'8 1.8 10.8 172 5 26.40 111 2.3 12.1 192 6 31.68 124 2.7 13.2 210 7 36.96 136 3.1 14.2 225 8 42.24 145 3.5 15.1 240 9 47.52 155 4.0 16.0 254 10 52.80 164 50 17.9 284 12 63.36 184 6.0 19.6 311 14 73.92 202 7.0 21.2 337 16 84.48 218 8.0 22.7 361 18 95.04 234 9.1 24.2 384 20 105.60 248 56 FLOW THROUGH WOODEN STAVE PlPE SIXTY - INCH PIPE. iix tJ w. G (A V< C 3 i a'O (S-o Ck FRICTION HEAD .2.2 ^* 1> o ;J l?i in Feet 'Kfe III !& Q Per 1,000 Feet Per Mile lit! Q 0.02 1.20 23.6 0.10 0.53 15.3 0.03 1.34 26.3 0.12 0.64 17.0 0.04 1.52 29.8 0.15 0.79 10.3 0.05 1.80 35.3 0.2 1.06 22.8 0.08 2.28 44.8 0.3 1.58 29.0 0.11 2.68 52.6 0.4 2.11 34 0.14 3.03 59.5 0.5 2 64 38.5 0.18 3 . 38 66.3 0.6 3.17 43.0 0.21 3.69 72.4 0.7 3.70 47.0 0.25 3.98 78.1 0.8 4.22 50.6 0.28 4.25 83.4 0.9 4.75 54.0 0.32 4.50 ,88.3 1.0 5.28 57.0 0.50 5.68 111 1.5 7.92 71.5 0.70 6.71 131 2 10.56 84.5 1.1 8.49 166 3 15.84 107 1.6 10.0 198 4 21.12 128 2.0 11.4 223 5 26.40 144 2.5 12.7 249 6 31.68 161 3.0 13.8 271 7 36.96 176 3.5 14.9 293 8 42.24 190 4.0 16.0 314 9 47.52 204 4.5 17.0 333 10 52.80 215 5.6 19.0 373 12 63.36 242 6.7 20 8 408 14 73.92 264 7.8 22.4 439 16 84.48 284 9 24.1 473 18 95.04 306 10 25.5 20 105.60 324 FLOW THROUGH WOODEN STAVE PlPE SIXTY -SIX -INCH PIPE. *l* L & FRICTION HEAD 11 III si il | B1 in Feet C*rt > 03 SI Is III K i i ! I u " Per 1,000 Feet Per Mile G=| w 5 SsSJ Q 0.02 1.26 29.9 0.10 0.53 19.0 0.03 1.40 33.3 0.12 0.64 21 .6 0.04 1.60 38.0 0.15 0.79 24 6 0.06 1.89 44.9 0.2 1.06 29.1 0.09 2.39 56.8 0.3 1.58 36.7 0.12 2.81 66.8 0.4 2.11 43.2 0.16 3.19 75.8 0.5 2.64 49.1 0.19 3.54 84.1 0.6 3.17 54.5 0.23 3.88 92.2 0.7 3.70 59.7 0.27 4.18 99.3 0.8 4.22 64.2 0.31 4.46 106 0.9 4.75 68.8 0.35 4.72 112 1.0 5.28 72.7 0.56 6.00 142 1.5 7.92 92.1 0.77 7.05 167 2 10.56 108 1.2 8.95 212 3 15.84 137 1.7 10.5 249 4 21.12 161 2.2 12.0 285 5 26.40 184 2.8 13.5 320 6 31.68 207 3.3 14.6 347 7 36.96 225 3.8 15.7 373 8 42.24 242 4.4 16.8 399 9 47.52 257 4.9 17.8 423 10 52.80 273 6.2 20.0 475 12 63.36 308 7.4 21.8 518 14 73.92 335 8.7 23.6 560 16 84.48 362 9.9 25.2 598 18 95.04 387 11.2 26.9 639 20 105.60 414 58 FLOW THROUGH WOODEN STAVE PlPE SEVENTY-TWO - INCH PIPE 6 6 >, I w> D 5 *j CXT; ' a FRICTION HEAD J2 II! tS fij PI in Feet e73 > os SS8c Ill X J! Is! 5 Per 1,000 Feet Per Mile rt"- w ~ ^^ v- 5 JI5&2 p 0.03 1.32 37.3 0.10 0.53 24.2 0.03 1.47 41.6 0.12 0.64 27.0 0.04 1.67 47,2 0.15 0.79 30.6 0.06 1.99 56.3 0.2 1.06 36.5 0.10 2.51 71.0 0.3 1.58 46.0 0.13 2.93 82.8 0.4 2.11 53.6 0.17 3.32 93.9 0.5 2.64 60.8 0.21 3.70 104 0.6 3.17 67.3 0.26 4 04 114 0.7 3.70 73.9 0.29 4.37 123 0.8 4.22 79.5 0.34 4.68 132 0.9 4.75 85.5 0.38 4.93 139 1.0 5.28 90 0.61 6.25 176 1.5 7.92 114 0.85 7.38 208 2 10.56 135 1.4 9.35 264 3 15.84 171 1.9 11.0 311 4 21.12 202 2.4 12.5 353 5 26.40 228 3.1 14.0 395 6 31.68 256 3.6 15.1 427 7 36.96 276 4.1 16.3 461 8 42.24 299 4.8 17.5 494 9 47.52 320 5.3 18.5 523 10 52.80 340 6.7 20.8 588 12 63.36 381 8 1 22.8 644 14 73.92 418 9.4 24.6 695 16 84.48 450 10.0 26.4 746 18 95.04 484 12.2 28 791 20 105.60 513 FLOW THROUGH WOODEN SlAVE PlPE 59 SEVENTY-EIGHT - INCH PIPE. v 6 > w *- *j CVy L I FRICTION HEAD j! W 5 c ' in Feet *O-g c"2> (/> ufo"c ? Stl ii r gU Per 1,000 Feet Per Mile in 5 0-03 1.38 45.8 0.10 0.53 29.7 0.04 1.54 51.1 0.12 0.64 33.2 0.05 1.76 58.4 0.15 0.79 37.7 0.07 2.08 69.0 0.2 1.06 44.7 0.11 2.62 86.9 0.3 1.58 56.1 0.14 3.05 101 0.4 2.11 65.5 0.19 a. 47 115 0.5 2.64 74.5 0.23 3.86 128 0.6 3.17 83.0 0.28 4.21 139 0.7 3.70 90.0 0.32 4.54 150 0.8 4.22 97.3 0.37 4.88 162 0.9 4.75 105 0.41 5.15 171 1.0 5.28 111 0.66 6.51 216 1.5 7.92 140 0.94 7.70 255 2 10.56 165 1.5 9.80 325 3 15.84 211 2.1 11.5 381 4 21.12 247 2.7 13.1 434 5 26.40 281 3.4 14.7 489 6 31.68 317 3.8 15.8 524 7 36.96 340 4.5 17.2 570 8 42.24 369 5.1 18.3 607 9 47.52 392 5.8 19.4 643 10 52.80 417 7.3 21.7 720 12 63.36 467 8.8 23.9 793 14 73.92 515 10.3 25.8 856 16 84.48 555 11.8 27.6 915 18 95.04 592 13.4 29.4 975 20 105.60 638 60 FLOW THROUGH WOODEN STAVE PIPE EIGHTY-FOUR-INCH PIPE. t>6x t; W, 0) S!3 * Q.~ w . ft FRICTION HEAD 3 s| cl . il vTo c &o |$2 111 *5 ft 5*3 o Per Per || || > 5 1,000 Feet Mile 5 0.04 1.44 55.4 0.10 0.53 35.9 0.04 1.60 61.6 0.12 0.64 40.0 0.05 1.82 70.0 0.15 0.79 45.4 0.08 2.16 83.1 0.2 1.06 53.9 0.12 2.73 105 0.3 1.58 68.0 0.16 3.20 123 0.4 2.11 79.5 0.21 3.63 139 0.5 2.64 90.0 0.26 4.03 155 0.6 3.17 100 0.30 4.40 169 0.7 3.70 109 0.35 4.75 182 0.8 4,22 118 0.40 5.10 196 0.9 4.75 127 0.45 5.38 207 1.0 5.28 134 0.72 6.82 262 T.5 7.92 170 1.0 8.05 309 2 10.56 200 1.7 10.0 385 3 15.84 249 2.3 12.0 461 4 21.12 298 3.0 13.7 529 5 26.40 343 3.7 15.3 588 6 31.68 381 4.4 16.6 639 7 36.96 413 5.1 18.0 692 8 42.24 448 5.8 19.2 738 9 47.54 477 6.4 20.3 781 10 52.80 508 8.0 22.7 873 12 63 . 36 565 9.6 24.8 954 14 73.92 620 11.1 26.8 1031 16 84.48 670 12.7 28.7 1104 18 95.04 715 14.3 30.4 1169 20 105.60 758 FLOW THROUGH WOODEN STAVE PlPE 61 NINETY -INCH PIPE. *tf *i c l FRICTION HEAD 11 C*ed x cl! . g|| in Feet life O'*" "5 * .c^ 8 j5 ** s I 8 " 5* gOc/i Per ,000 Feet Per Mile sgSa Q 0.04 1.50 66.3 0.10 0.53 43.0 0.05 1.67 73.8 0.12 0.64 47.6 0.06 1.90 83.9 0.15 0.79 54.1 0.08 2.25 99.4 0.2 1.06 64.5 0.13 2.85 125 0.3 1.58 81.5 0.17 3.30 145 0.4 2.11 94.0 22 3.76 166 0.5 2.64 107 0.28 4.19 185 0.6 3.17 120 0.33 4.55 201 0.7 3.70 130 0.38 4.92 217 0.8 4.22 140 0.43 5.27 232 0.9 4.75 150 0.47 5.58 246 1.0 ' 5.28 159 0.77 7.05 311 1.5 7.92 202 1.08 8.35 368 2 10.56 238 1.71 10.5 463 3 15.84 300 2.35 12.3 543 4 21.12 352 3.09 14.1 622 5 26.40 405 3.88 15.8 698 6 31.68 452 4.54 17.1 755 7 36.96 490 5.30 18.5 817 8 42.24 530 6.00 19.7 870 9 47.54 563 6.85 21.0 927 10 52.80 600 8.65 23.6 1042 12 63.36 678 tO. 3 25.8 1139 14 73.92 737 12.0 27.8 1228 16 84.48 797 13.7 29.8 1316 18 95.04 852 15.6 31.7 1410 20 105.60 915 62 FLOW THROUGH WOODEN STAVE PlFE NINETY-SIX-INCH PIPE. Head in Feet re- quired to pro- duce Velocity. Velocity in Feet per Second. Discharge in Cubic Feet per Second. FRICTION HEAD in Feet Discharge in Million Gallons . per twenty-four Hours. Per 1,000 Feet Per Mile 0.04 1.56 78.4 0.10 0.53 50.7 0.05 1.73 86.9 0.12 0.64 56.1 0.06 1.97 99 0.15 0.79 69.5 0.09 2.32 116 0.2 1.06 75.2 0.14 2.95 148 0.3 1.58 96 0.19 3.45 173 0.4 2.11 112 0.24 3.93 197 0.5 2.64 127 0.30 4.38 220 0.6 3.17 142 0.36 4.78 240 0.7 3.70 155 0.42 5.18 260 0.8 4.22 168 0.47 5.50 276 0.9 4.75 179 0.53 5.83 293 1.0 5.28 190 0.85 7.40 371 1.5 7.92 1 241 1.2 8.75 439 2 10.56 285 1.9 11.0 552 3 15.84 357 2.7 13.0 653 4 21.12 425 3.4 34.8 743 5 26.40 482 4.3 16.6 834 6 31.68 540 5.0 18.0 904 7 36.96 586 5.9 19.5 980 8 42.24 635 6.7 20.8 1045 9 47.54 675 7.5 22.0 1105 10 52.80 715 9.4 24.6 1236 12 63.36 801 11.3 27.0 1357 14 73.92 875 13.1 29.0 1457 16 84.48 940 14.9 31.1 1563 18 95.04 1012 16.9 33.0 1658 20 105.60 1071 FLOW THROUGH WOODEN STAVE PlPE 63 ONE HUNDRED AND EIGHT. iox ti fc S U U *J *j CCy |2- *-g> l| a Aj B1 FRICTION HEAD in Feet co ela > e>s S*$c 111 X is r ! fcCJW 5 Per 1,000 Feet Per .Mile rt Z " SIM s 0.05 1.66 105 0.10 0.53 68.0 0.06 1.83 116 0.12 0.64 75.2 0.07 2.05 130 0.15 0.79 84.5 0.10 2.48 157 0.2 1.06 101 0.16 3.13 191 0.3 1.58 124 0.21 3,67 233 0.4 2.11 151 0.27 4.17 265 0.5 2.64 171 0.32 4.63 294 0.6 3.17 190 0.40 5.05 321 0.7 3.70 207 0.47 5.46 347 0.8 4.22 225 0.54 5.85 372 0.9 4.75 242 0.60 6.20 394 1.0 5.28 255 0.96 7.85 499 1.5 7.92 323 1.33 9.25 588 2 10.56 381 2.07 11.6 737 3 15.84 477 2.95 13.8 877 4 21.12 567 3.85 15.7 1002 5 26.40 650 4.85 17.7 1126 6 31.68 730 5.60 19.0 1208 7 36.96 783 6.60 20.6 1310 8 42.24 850 7.50 22.0 1399 9 47.52 905 8.40 23.2 1475 10 52.80 955 10.3 26.0 1660 12 63.36 1075 12.7 28.6 1819 14 73.92 1180 14.7 30.8 1959 16 84.48 1270 16.9 33.0 2099 18 95.04 1355 18.9 35.0 2226 20 105.60 1440 64 FLOW THROUGH WOODEN STAVE PlPE ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY. *is ~ O-o |s| L C a FRICTION HEAD in Feet (/) U J3 3 ;t Si| '*$ / ft> C ?S2 T3 "3 3 << i.^ 0"O l& "53 o *5 3 a; Per Per a 5 1,000 Feet Mile Q 0.05 1.75 137 0.10 0.53 89.0 0.06 1.95 153 0.12 0.64 99.0 0.07 2.12 166 0.15 0.79 107 0.11 2.63 206 0.2 1.06 133 0.18 3.32 260 0.3 1.58 168 0.25 3.95 310 0.4 2.11 201 0.32 4.48 340 0.5 2.64 221 0.39 4.98 391 0.6 3.17 253 0.47 5.46 428 0.7 3.70 277 0.54 5.87 461 0.8 4.22 299 0.62 6.29 494 0.9 4.75 320 0.69 6.65 522 1.0 5.28 338 1.09 8.42 661 1.5 7.92 429 1.53 9.92 779 2 10-. 56 505 2.43 12.5 981 3 15.84 637 3.38 14.7 1156 4 21.12 750 4.39 16.8 1319 5 26.40 850 5.47 18.8 1476 6 31.68 955 6.46 20.4 1602 7 36.96 1040 7.50 22.0 1727 8 42.24 1119 8.56 23.5 1845 9 47.52 1200 9.70 25.0 1963 10 52.80 1270 12.1 27.9 2120 12 63.36 1370 14.5 30.5 2295 14 73.92 1480 16.9 33.0 2591 16 84.48 1680 19.2 35.2 2764 18 95.04 1790 21.9 37.6 2953 20 105 60 1910 FLOW THROUGH WOODEN STAVE PlPE 65 Diameter of Pipe h Inches Area in Square Feet. Hydraulic Radius R in Feet. x/R in Feet. Discharge in Million Gallons per Twenty-four Hours with Velocity of 1 Foot per Second. 10 0.5454 0.2083 0.456 0.352 12 0.7854 0.2500 0.500 0.508 14 1.069 0.2917 0.540 0.691 16 1.396 0.3333 0.577 0.902 18 1.767 0.3750 0.612 1.14 20 2.182 0.4167 0.646 1.41 22 2.640 0.4583 0.677 1.71 24 3.142 0.5000 0.707 2.03 26 3.637 0.5417 0.736 2.38 28 4.276 0.5833 0.764 2.76 30 4.909 0.6250 0.790 3.17 32 5.585 0.6667 0.817 3.61 34 6.305 0.7083 0.842 4.07 36 7.069 0.7500 0.866 4.57 38 7.876 0.7917 0.890 5.09 40 8.727 0.8333 0.913 5.64 42 9.621 0.8750 0.935 6.22 44 10.56 0.9167 0.957 6.82 46 11.54 0.9583 0.979 7.46 48 12.57 .0000 .000 8.12 54 15.90 .1250 .061 10.28 60 19.63 .2500 .118 12.69 66 23.76 .3750 .173 15.35 72 28.27 .5000 .225 18.27 78 33.18 .6250 .275 21.44 84 38.48 .7500 .323 24.87 90 44.18 .8750 .369 28.55 96 50.26 2.0000 .414 32.48 108 63.62 2.2500 .500 41.12 120 78.54 2.5000 1.581 50.76 FLOW THROUGH WOODEN STAVE PlPE VALUES OF C IN KUTTER'S FORMULA with n = o.ozo. DIAMETER OF PIPE IN INCHES. S 2* 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 0.10 99 104 109 113 117 120 123 126 129 131 0.12 101 107 112 116 120 123 126 128 131 133 0.15 104 109 113 117 121 124 127 130 132 134 0.2 107 112 116 120 123 127 130 132 134 137 0.3 110 115 118 123 126 130 133 135 137 139 0.4 111 116 120 124 127 131 134 136 137 140 0.5 112 118 122 126 129 132 135 137 139 141 0.6 113 118 123 126 129 132 135 137 139 142 0.7 113 118 123 126 129 132 135 137 139 142 0.8 114 119 123 126 129 132 135 137 140 142 0.9 114 119 123 126 129 132 135 137 140 142 1.0 114 119 123 126 129 132 135 137 140 142 1.6 115 120 124 127 130 133 136 138 141 143 2 115 121 124 127 130 133 136 139 141 144 3 116 121 124 128 131 134 136 140 141 144 4 116 121 125 129 132 135 137 140 142 144 5 116 121 125 129 132 135 137 140 142 144 6 116 121 125 129 132 135 137 140 142 144 7 116 121 125 129 132 135 137 140 142 144 8 116 121 125 129 132 135 137 140 142 144 9 116 121 125 129 132 135 137 140 142 144 10 116 121 125 129 132 135 137 140 142 144 12 116 121 125 129 132 135 137 140 142 144 14 116 121 125 129 132 135 137 140 142 144 16 116 121 125 129 132 135 137 140 142 144 18 116 121 125 129 132 135 137 140 142 144 20 116 121 125 129 132 135 137 140 142 144 FLOW THROUGH WOODEN STAVE PlPE 67 VALUES OF C IN KUTTER'S FORMULA with n = 0.010. DIAMETER OF PIPE ix INCHES. n 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 0.10 133 135 137 139 140 142 143 145 146 147 0.12 135 137 139 141 143 144 145 147 148 149 0.15 136 138 140 142 143 144 146 147 149 150 0.2 138 140 142 143 145 147 148 149 151 152 0.3 141 142 144 146 148 149 150 152 153 154 0.4 142 143 145 146 148 149 151 152 154 154 0.5 143 145 146 148 149 150 152 153 154 155 0.6 143 145 146 148 149 151 152 153 154 155 0.7 143 145 146 148 149 151 152 153 154 155 0.8 143 145 146 148 149 151 152 153 154 155 0.9 143 145 146 148 149 151 152 153 154 155 1.0 143 145 146 148 149 151 152 153 154 155 1.5 144 146 147 149 150 152 153 154 155 156 2 144 146 147 149 150 152 153 154 155 156 3 145 147 148 149 151 152 153 154 155 156 4 145 147 149 150 152 153 154 155 156 157 5 145 147 149 150 152 153 154 155 156 157 6 145 147 149 150 152 153 154 155 156 157 7 145 147 149 150 152 153 154 155 156 157 8 145 147 149 150 152 153 154 155 156 157 9 145 147 149 150 152 153 154 155 156 157 10 145 147 149 150 152 153 154 155 156 157 12 145 147 149 150 152 153 154 155 156 157 14 145 147 149 150 152 153 154 155 156 157 16 145 147 149 150 152 153 154 155 156 157 18 145 147 149 150 152 153 154 155 156 157 20 145 147 149 150 152 153 154 155 156 157 68 FLOW THROUGH WOODEN STAVE PlPE VALUES OF C IN KUTTER'S FORMULA with n = o.oio. DIAMETER OF PIPE IN INCHES. ? ** * & 54 60 66 72 78 84 96 108 120 10 151 154 157 160 162 164 168 171 174 12 153 156 159 161 163 165 169 172 174 0.15 154 156 159 161 163 165 169 172 174 0.2 155 158 160 162 165 167 170 172 175 0.3 157 159 162 163 166 167 170 173 175 4 157 160 162 164 166 168 170 173 175 5 158 161 162 165 167 168 171 173 175 6 158 161 163 165 167 168 171 173 175 7 158 161 163 165 167 168 171 173 175 8 158 161 163 165 167 168 171 173 175 9 158 161 163 165 167 168 171 173 175 ! 158 161 163 165 167 168 171 173 175 1 5 159 161 163 165 167 168 171 173 175 o 159 161 164 166 167 168 171 173 175 3 159 162 164 166 167 169 171 173 175 4 159 162 164 166 167 169 171 174 175 5 159 162 164 166 167 169 171 174 175 6 159 162 164 166 167 169 171 174 175 7 159 162 164 166 167 169 171 174 175 8 159 162 164 166 167 169 171 174 175 9 159 162 164 166 167 169 171 174 175 10 159 162 164 166 167 169 171 174 175 12 159 162 164 166 167 169 171 174 175 14 159 162 164 166 167 169 171 174 175 16 159 162 164 166 167 169 171 174 175 18 159 162 164 166 167 169 171 174 175 20 159 162 164 166 167 169 171 174 175 PRESSURE OF WATF,R. r-' 1)0 *U -ti> & sl V o spi & ;s c > = c u . .2 V ' fl V a* - c V . C '% c V ~ "O g'j? *o SCfl o a '** o 2# "O U w ' a u o 3.V) CC &