STAC* 
 AHNi* 
 
 329 
 
 t/CO? TOUS r^llov^ TOt? 
 
 /jLi%o<n xpfjo-dat. Ranae 1060. 
 
 THE LANGUAGE OF PARODY 
 
 A STUDY IN THE DICTION OF ARISTOPHANES. 
 
 BY 
 
 EDWARD WILLIAM HOPE 
 
 SUBMITTED TO THE BOARD OF UNIVERSITY STUDIES OF THE JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY 
 
 IN CONFORMITY WITH THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF 
 
 DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY 
 
 19O5 
 
 Library Facility 
 
 BALTIMORE 
 
 J. H. FURST COMPANY 
 1906
 
 et/eo? row jfiieovs rot? 
 
 . Ranae 1060. 
 
 THE LANGUAGE OF PARODY 
 
 A STUDY IN THE DICTION OF ARISTOPHANES. 
 
 BY 
 
 EDWARD WILLIAM HOPE 
 
 Dissertation 
 
 SUnMITTKD TO THE BOARD OF UNIVERSITY STUDIES OK THE JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY 
 
 IN CONFORMITY WITH THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF 
 
 DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY 
 
 1905 
 
 BALTIMORE 
 
 J. H. FURST COMPANY 
 1906
 
 TO 
 
 AUGUSTUS TABER MURRAY. 
 
 2004143
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 Although the subject of " parody in the Greek Comic poets " 
 has claimed the attention of many scholars from time to time, 
 forming a theme for dissertations and more pretentious works, 
 there has been no systematic treatment of the language of parody 
 aiming to give a full collection of those words by which the 
 writers of the old comedy secured their parodic effects. It is 
 this work which I have tried to do for Aristophanes. The fol- 
 lowing pages contain what professes to be, however insufficient 
 it may be found, a complete list 1 of those words by the use of 
 which Aristophanes departs from the usage of the ordinary 
 Athenian life of his day, and rises to the loftier tone of tragedy 
 or other kinds of poetry. There will be found, moreover, many 
 words not belonging to this higher sphere which are yet used in 
 parody. Such are those dialectical words with which Aristo- 
 phanes knows so well how to depict the manners of his provincial 
 fellow-countrymen from Boiotia, Megara and Lakedaimon. In 
 this part I have not thought it worth while to collect mere dia- 
 lectical variants of words which were current in Attic, but have 
 included only such as are not at home in any shape on Attic soil. 
 
 The places where the higher tone is consciously sought coin- 
 cide, in large measure, with those which have been shown by 
 Scholiasts and modern scholars to be parody or paratragedy ; but 
 not unfrequently poetic words spring up from surroundings 
 which seem quite sober and matter-of-fact, and a closer study is 
 often necessary to enable one to see why they are used. Thus the 
 formal limits of known parody are too narrow, and many words 
 in the subsequent pages, though not found in parodic lines, have, 
 nevertheless, a poetic tinge. 
 
 On the other hand all travesty does not contain words dis- 
 
 1 With the limitation stated on page 6 regarding words occurring only in 
 lyric verse. 
 
 1
 
 2 Introduction. 
 
 tinctively poetic, since it is born often, not of words, but from 
 various relations which are connected with the thought rather 
 than with its form of expression. One common example of this 
 is where the poet joins to weighty or lofty themes, things that 
 are trivial often vulgar. Here the words themselves may be 
 quite colorless. "W. Kibbeck points out that parody often consists 
 in holding up to view the ordinary affairs of daily occurrence, 
 and, naturally, in this case, no further embellishment of language 
 is necessary. Another method is employed where words of the 
 common crafts are used to describe work of a higher nature. An 
 example of this may be seen at Thes. 52 ff. (See also under 
 re/cro)!/). In the former case Aristophanes is not ridiculing the 
 words of the writer quoted, but uses them simply because the 
 thoughts fit what he is himself thinking to say. The situations 
 are parallel, but on different levels. (See Eq. 1250). Still 
 another kind consists in the substitution of a vulgar or common- 
 place word for the tragic expression resembling it in form or 
 sound. Ex. Ach. 119, where Trp&Krdv is put in the place of the 
 original a-TrXdy^vov. Other examples can be found from the 
 cross-references. 
 
 Certain characters can always be expected to speak in an 
 exalted way. Euripides, as we might suppose, nearly always 
 uses the language of the tragic-stage, and he is followed in this 
 by his relative. Aischylos, also, uses a lofty style of speech, but 
 his diction, unlike that of Euripides, is thickly sown with epic 
 words. For Aristophanes, Aischylos is the poet of the good and 
 glorious past. His type of mind belonged to the heroic times 
 his plays concerned themselves with epic subjects, and to 
 emphasize these facts Aischylos not only uses epic words, but is 
 sometimes represented as writing in hexameters, at least his 
 critic, Euripides, uses hexameter verse when "taking off" the 
 manner of his adversary. (See Ran. 1273, 1276, 1533). La- 
 machos, in whom Hartung saw a parody of Achilles, uses many 
 epic and tragic words. His son, who appears in the Pax, uses 
 epic words chiefly, since during his whole stay on the stage he 
 is reciting battle scenes from Homer. Polemos and Kydoimos 
 also use heroic language. The stately quack, Sokrates, and his
 
 Introduction. 3 
 
 other self, the aSwco? Xctyo?, in the Clouds, remind us constantly 
 of Euripides. And so when others come into contact with the 
 foregoing characters, they are straightway kindled into flame and 
 would speak with " all the charm of all the Muses," either in 
 mockery as when Dikaiopolis meets Euripides on his own level 
 in the Acharnians, or out of vanity, as is the case with Strep- 
 siades, who is comically dazzled by Sokrates' bombast. On the 
 same principle servants are apt to speak in the fashion of their 
 masters. (See Ach. 1174 ff., Thes. 39 ff.). 
 
 A close comparison of the kinds of words used by different 
 speakers throughout the plays is very illuminating at times. 
 Attention may here be called to a fact that, so far as I know, 
 has never been specially emphasized in this connection. It is 
 repeatedly the case that after a poetical word has been used by 
 one character in the drama, another, within the next line or two, 
 will refer to the same object, but in doing so will use the prosaic 
 equivalent for the poetic word, or the Attic equivalent, if an 
 Ionic or otherwise un- Attic word has preceded. A few examples 
 will suffice to make this clear: Ran. 1378, cf. 1381, 1365 
 (o-Talfyto? TrXao-Ttyl). Pax 933, cf. 937, 949 (oi? Tr/oo'/Saroi/). 
 Lys. 94, cf. 96, 97 ((iv0ia> Xeyw). There are numerous 
 instances of this close connection of picturesque and prosaic words, 
 and it frequently amounts to a clear proof that Aristophanes used 
 the unusual word designedly, since the plain word following 
 would make the other more conspicuous. The nearer or more 
 olosely connected in thought the two words are, the easier it is to 
 believe in this. Less striking as a proof, but perhaps equally 
 valid, is the use of prosaic synonyms in places further removed 
 from the word in question, but where the situation described or 
 the character of the thought is similar. Often observation of 
 these things brings with it the most trustworthy evidence for the 
 character of any word. The quality, or, so to speak, the color 
 of the poet's feeling that appears in his choice of this or that word 
 must be discerned. It happens very frequently that this internal 
 criticism is the only means we have of judging, owing to the 
 rarity or non-appearance of the word elsewhere in extant litera- 
 ture. How very different might our judgments be if we had a
 
 4 Introduction. 
 
 really large mass of good prose literature of Aristophanes' period ! 
 The use of this method for determinining the nature of a word 
 may prove deceptive if the latter occurs but once, for the parody 
 may be expressed by another word, or not in words at all, but in 
 the situation, as said above. It is more certain when the same 
 word occurs in parody several times. Consequently, the status 
 of a word of one occurrence ought to be judged more rigidly by 
 its use in other authors. This external evidence is more valuable 
 for positive than for 'negative conclusions. It cannot, for exam- 
 ple, be said with assurance that the non-use of a word by prose 
 writers proves it to be poetic, for : 1) the authors consulted may 
 have had no occasion to use the word, or 2) it may have occurred 
 in prose that has been lost. The case is different, though, where 
 all prose writers agree in consistently refusing to use a word 
 which at the same time occurs in poetry, while they do use a 
 synonym. On the other hand if a word can be shown to be in 
 use in prose writers of, or just before Aristophanes' time, there 
 could be no excuse for his not using it excepting that he did not 
 wish to do so, but preferred to use the word of our text for a 
 special reason (generally a humorous one). 
 
 As before said, if a word is found several times and always in 
 parody, we may feel assured it does not belong to the speech of 
 every day life, but serves as a vehicle for the poet's humor. 
 Unfortunately, this is only rarely the case most of the following 
 words occurring both in and outside of parody. This makes 
 classification hard and uncertain in many instances. The sort of 
 evidence to be used in classifying words may be indicated at this 
 point. It consists in finding the answers to such questions as 
 these : In what kind of metre is the word prevailingly found ? 
 What prose writers use it ? What poets ? How often ? In what 
 way? Does it prevail in poetry or in prose? What characters 
 in our plays use it ? or in addressing whom ? or hi speaking of 
 whom ? Was there any other word that could have been used ? Is 
 it a favorite with any particular author ? If a word is common 
 in Euripides, we may feel sure that Aristophanes uses it for the 
 purpose of parodying Euripides' diction, and so with Aischylos. 
 
 Quite commonly a word which seems to belong to the higher
 
 Introduction. . 5 
 
 style of Aristophanes is used by one or more writers of classic 
 prose. In such cases the principle I have followed is this : If 
 the Orators (especially the later ones) use the word in a natural 
 and sober way, it may be taken as good evidence that the word 
 is not poetic, and only the decided, consistent use of Aristophanes 
 himself should be allowed to outweigh such' evidence. Of course, 
 different prose writers have widely different values as evidence 
 for standard prose usage. Of the Orators Autiphon, Andokides, 
 Aischines, use many tragic and poetic words without rising above 
 their ordinary level very much to do so. This fact makes them 
 of no great authority in this sphere. Plato, as every reader 
 knows, is brimful of poetry, and the poetic words seem to be 
 welded to his thought. At other times he formally quotes or 
 brings such words up for discussion. He is never on the earth 
 for very long at a time. Xenophon, too, abounds in poetic and 
 un- Attic words, and Thukydides alone would not prove a word 
 to be standard Attic prose. Herodotos has many words in com- 
 mon with tragedy, especially with Sophoklean tragedy. As to 
 Aristotle it is difficult to estimate his value for purposes of 
 classification. Certainly it is not very great. Perhaps the best 
 rule is to allow him to rank as a trustworthy witness for prose 
 usage in the case of those words which he, as a scientific writer, 
 would naturally have needed in classifying, defining and explain- 
 ing. 1 Taken singly, then, these writers would not have decisive 
 weight, but with two or more of them the case might be different 
 always remembering that Aristophanes himself is a better 
 guide for his own diction than any other writer can be. 
 
 If a word has no synonym, if it is a vox propria, as such it 
 belongs no more to one writer than to another, no more to 
 poetry than to prose, but would be used by all writers who had 
 occasion to speak of the object which it names. Thus, synonyms 
 are a great help in classifying words. Another help may be 
 mentioned here in this connection, and as supplementing those 
 before referred to viz. the proximity of other picturesque words 
 
 1 No account has been taken of occurrences in prose writers later than Aristotle, 
 as they are without value for our purposes.
 
 6 Introduction. 
 
 and their number. Parodic words occur in patches or bunches. 
 Often for several pages there will not be an unusual word. The 
 tone continues placidly discursive and colorless. Then, all at 
 once, an exciting element is introduced a new character, a word 
 (dropped as if by accident) which suggests an opportunity for 
 parody, and immediately there is a shower of poetic words. 
 When we have struck one of these veins, we naturally look more 
 carefully for the nuggets lying about. 
 
 The plays differ greatly in the amount of parody they contain. 
 In the Frogs, where Euripides and Aischylos wrangle, while 
 Dionysos and the chorus stand by to judge and mock, we have 
 the greatest amount of parody. Next comes the Thesmophoria- 
 zusai with Euripides and his relative, quoting tags of tragic verses 
 to each other in antiphonal chant, while Agathon and his servant 
 help to swell the total. The Acharnians and the Birds both have 
 considerable parody, while the Lysistrata has very little, etc., etc. 
 
 A word must be said about metres. I have included in this 
 treatise only those words which occur in iambic trimeter, iambic 
 tetrameter (iamb, tetr.), trochaic tetrameter (troch. tetr.), ana- 
 paestic tetrameter (anap. tetr.), and hexameter (hex.), though 
 attention will always be called to the fact of a word occurring 
 only in the last named metre. In other words, my object has 
 been chiefly to collect only in the metres used in dialogue. 
 Words that occur ONLY in lyric lines have not been included, 
 and all occurring exclusively in metres other than trimeter have 
 been marked. 
 
 In arranging my material I have made 10 divisions under 
 which to group the words: 1) epic, 2) lyric, 3) tragic, 4) poetic, 
 5) Ionic, 6) old- Attic, 7) Doric, 8) doubtful, 9) obsolete, 10) un- 
 Attic. 
 
 Of course many of 4, 5, 6 cannot be distinguished, and it is 
 understood that all these divisions overlap each other for the most 
 part. Only the general tendency of a word toward one or more 
 of the above divisions is defined. What Aristophanes felt the 
 word to be has in many cases determined what number should be 
 affixed. For example, if a word occurs prevailingly in tragic 
 parody, it is marked with a 3, in spite of the fact that it occurs
 
 Introduction. 7 
 
 in epic and lyric poetry as well. Still I think in every case I 
 have noted its use in other classes than that to which its number 
 assigns it. The number 4 is broader and more undefined than 
 the previous three. 
 
 I have used the text of Bergk (second edition) for the eleven 
 plays, but for the fragments I have followed Koch's numbering 
 in the new Oxford edition. References to the tragic fragments 
 are made in accordance with the arrangement of Nauck's Tragi- 
 corum Grsecorum Fragmenta (second edition). 
 
 The books which have been found most helpful, and to whose 
 authors I desire to make special acknowledgment for the full 
 freedom I have used in taking from their works all that helped 
 me in mine, are the following : 
 
 W. H. Van De Sande Bakhuyzen "De Parodia in Comcediis 
 Aristophanis," 1877. 
 
 J. Van Leeuwen editions of the separate plays. 
 
 Schmidt's Synonyms. 
 
 R. A. Neil, " The Knights of Aristophanes," Cambridge Univ. 
 Press, 1901. 
 
 W. J. M. Starkie, "The Wasps." London, 1897. 
 
 H. Van Herwerden, ' Api<TTo<j>dvovs dpr\vT], Lugduni-Bata- 
 vorum, 1897. 
 
 Koch, " Komodien des Aristophanes." Dritte Auflage. Ber- 
 lin, 1876. 
 
 W. Gunion Rutherford, "The New Phrynichus," London, 
 1881, (esp. the first two chapters.) 1 
 
 Blayde's complete edition of the plays and fragments. 
 
 Henricus Wittekind, " Sermo Sophocleus quatenus cum scripto- 
 ribus lonicis congruat differat ab Atticis." Budingae, 1895. 
 
 O. Diener, " De Sermone Thucydidis quatenus cum Herodoto 
 congruens differat a scriptoribus Atticis." Leipzig, 1889. 
 
 C. L. lungius, " De vocabulis antiquae comcedise atticse quse 
 apud solos comicos aut omnino inveniuntur aut peculiari notione 
 prsedita occurunt." 1897. 
 
 1 Views opposed to those here set forth may be found in an article entitled 
 "The language of tragedy and its relation to old-Attic," by James Dennison 
 Rogers, in the American Journal of Philology, Vol. xxv, p. 285.
 
 8 Introduction. 
 
 Gustavus Sauppe, " Lexilogus Xenophonteus sive index Xeno- 
 phontis Grammaticus." Lipsise, 1869. 
 
 On parody in general : Especially suggestive has been a Johns 
 Hopkins dissertation "On Parody and Paratragoedia in Aris- 
 tophanes with especial reference to his Scenes and Situations." 
 By Augustus T. Murray. Berlin, 1891. 
 
 Woldemar Kibbeck, " De usu parodiae apud comicos Athenien- 
 sium." Pars I (continens epicorum parodias). 
 
 Id., Die Parodieeu bei den Attischen Komikern. Zweiter 
 Theil. Berlin, 1863. 
 
 Id., Die dramatischen Parodieen bei den Att. Kom. Epime- 
 trum commentarii in Acharnenses Aristophanis." Lipsise, 1864. 
 
 For other literature bearing on this subject see Starkie, " Wasps 
 of Aristophanes," p. 85. 
 
 An indispensable aid have been the Indexes of Caravella, Din- 
 dorf, Ellendt, Rumpel, Gehring, Von Essen, Preuss, Holmes, 
 Forman, Ast, Sturz, Nauck and Schweighaeuser. 
 
 For Euripides we unfortunately have no sufficient index, and 
 it may well be that statements made on the basis of the one I 
 have used the one which forms the last volume of the old Glas- 
 gow edition may prove to be inaccurate or insufficient. 
 
 Of course, constant use has been made of the general lexicons 
 of Stephanus, and Liddell and Scott, and the supplementary 
 Lexicon of Van Herwerden has been very serviceable.
 
 THE LANGUAGE OF PARODY. 
 A STUDY IN THE DICTION OF ARISTOPHANES. 
 
 A. 
 
 a. 1 - 3 Vesp. 1379 (bis). Thes. 689. Kan. 759. Plut. 127, 
 1052 (bis). Prose : Plato Hipp. Mai. 295 A. 
 
 a/3uo-<705. 3 Lys. 174. Ran. 138. Aischylos is fond of the 
 word. Prose : Hdt. 2, 28. Cf. Plato Parmen. 130 D. Cf. j3v0&. 
 
 ayavds.* Vesp. 1467. Lys. 886, 1109. Twice only in tragedy : 
 Aisch. Ag. 101. Eur. I. A. 601. It has no prose warrant, 
 since Plato Repb. 364 D is from Homer. 
 
 07705 4 for ayyelov or vSpia. Ach. 936 (cf. 940). fr. 234. 
 511. No example in cl. prose. See Rutherford New Phryii. 
 p. 23. See Trpo'^oo?. 
 
 farfpao**'* Once in anapaestic verse: Av. 689. The whole 
 passage abounds in epic words. The prose form ay^pw<; occurs in 
 passages where a rather poetical tone is struck : Thucyd. 2, 43. 
 Plato Phil. 15 D. Tim. 33 A. Politic. 273 E. Legg. 947 D. 
 ayr/paro? is used by Lysias, Xen., Plato. 
 
 ayicv\oxfaW' 1 Eq. 197 (hex.), 204. See Batr. 295. Hesiod. 
 Sc. 405. Not in Homer, Pindar, tragedy. Cf. Homeric aytcv- 
 
 4 Once in trochaic line : Lys. 640. Epic and lyric in 
 its range. 
 
 ayoprjrris 1 for 'pJTcop. Nub. 1057 (see line). Cf. II. 1, 248. 
 
 aypios. s In the sense in which it is used at Thes. 455 it is 
 descriptive of the ill treatment women suifered from Euripides. 
 Note the pun in the next line. The oft-recurring sly hit at 
 Euripides' mother is obvious. Bakhuyzen says in this sense it is 
 foreign to comedy. For other meanings see Nub. 349, 567. 
 Vesp. 705. Thes. 47. Plut. 298. Cf. o^Xw. 
 
 9
 
 10 The Language of Parody. 
 
 ayvid l ' s for oSds, afi^oSo?. Only in the religious phrase icvio-av 
 ayvids : Eq. 1320. Av. 1233. Cf. Dem. c. Mid. 530. Xen. 
 Kyr. 2, 4, 3. For the parody in Av. 1233 see Bakhuyzen ad loc. 
 
 ajxpvr). 3 Ach. 125. This is rather close to Eur. Herakl. 246, 
 of which it may be a parody. See also Bacch. 246. Soph. O. R. 
 1374. Prose : Aischines 2, 38. Aristotle. 
 
 aSuro? or aSvTov. 1 Once in hex. : Eq. 1016. Plato Theait. 
 162 A, but in a fig. sense. 
 
 aevaos* for cu'Sto?, alwvios, cwe^r)*;. Nub. 275 (lyr.). Ran. 
 146 (Herakles), 1309 (parody of Eur. fr. 856). At Ran. 146 
 the word used elsewhere of clouds and waves is combined with a 
 vulgar word (tric&p) to bring out the humor of the dialogue, 
 which Herakles and Dionysos are holding in grandiloquent style. 
 Prose : Xen. Ages. 1, 20. Kyr. 4, 2, 44. Plato Legg. 966 E. 
 Phaidon 111 D (both poetic). 
 
 aepio?. 2 Nub. 337 (par. of dithyrambic poets). Av. 1389 
 (Kinesias). Prose : [Plato] Ep. 984 D. Aristotle, etc. In 
 tragedy only in lyrics. 
 
 aepoSovrjTos. 2 Only in a parody : Av. 1385 (Kinesias). Ar. 
 has coined the word. Cf. Trre/aoSoi/T/TO?, Soz/e<a>, vuf>d/3o\o<; (Av. 
 952, 1385), v<^>avToB6vr}Tov (Av. 943). Compound words are 
 poetic in their nature ; Aristotle says their use is one of the marks 
 of the dithyrambic poets. 
 
 affvpwTOS. 3 Ran. 838 (Eur. in par.) v. 1. aTruXwro?. Cf. 
 Eur. Or. 903. Soph. Ph. 187. Phryn. Com. incert. 15. 
 
 alai. 3 Ach. 1083 (Lamachos), 1084. Lys. 961. Thes. 885 
 (Eur.), 1042, 1128 (Eur. fr. 139). The single at Plut. 706. 
 
 euyuihk* Vesp. 110. Prose: Thuc. 1, 7. Xen. An. 6, 4, 4. 
 Hdt. freq. (see Diener). 
 
 alSeopai (/car-) 3 for <re)9o/xat. Only in par. : Nub. 1468 (see 
 Porson ad Medeam 1314 ; Nauck trag. fr. adesp. 59). See Nub. 
 293. Thes. 123. Prose : Xen. Kyr. 8, 7, 22. Hdt. 3, 72, 77 
 (only places in cl. prose). 
 
 aWa\oo> (/car-. 3 Only in this compd. in Ar.). Av. 1242 
 (ptg.), 1248 (par. cf. Aisch. fr. 160), 1261 (metaph. of love). 
 Cf. o-rroSlfa (Vesp. 329), 7rv/wro\&> (Nub. 1497, Vesp. 1079), 
 KaTai8et,v (Thes. 727), efjarffarfnjfu (Nub. 1484. Thes. 749 etc.).
 
 The Language of Parody. 11 
 
 oi#o9. 3 ' 8 Thes. 246. The comic situation here is just the place 
 for a tragic word. Moreover the noun aWos is Euripidean, and 
 as it is Euripides who is doing the burning, probably Ar. uses the 
 word designedly. 
 
 ai0o> (tear- 3 ' 8 ). Thes. 727, 730. Not in the epos or cl. prose. 
 Eur. has it twice, Aisch. once. 
 
 alfjLaro7royrr}<;. 1 Eq. 198 (hex.), 208. Cf. fya\afcro'jrorr)<f ) 
 (Thes. 393). 
 
 Par. only : Ran. 471 (Eur. fr. 383). Kock 
 compares Aisch. Ag. 1309. Sept. 836. 
 
 alfAardco (ica0- s . Only in this compd. in Ar.) : Thes. 695 (par. 
 Eur. Telephos). KaOaipdaa-a) is used in the same sense by Plato 
 Phaidr. 254 E. 
 
 alviyfjuk 3 - 8 for aLviypa. Ran. 61 (Dionysos). Prose : Plato 
 Tim. 72 B. See yptyos (Vesp. 20). cuviypa is the regular form 
 in prose and tragedy, our word occurring but twice in all tragedy : 
 Eur. Phoin. 1353. Rhes. 754. 
 
 ato-to?. 1 Only in hex. : Ran. 1276 (par. Aisch. Ag. 104). 
 Many words that Ar. quotes from Aisch. will be found to be epic. 
 Prose : Xen. Kyr. 2, 4, 19 (of an omen). 
 
 aiYt'^ft). 1 Only in hex. : Pax 120. Prose form euVeco. 
 
 ata>. 1 Only in par. : Nub. 1166 (Eur. Hek. 173 ff.). Pax 1064 
 (hex. cf. II. 10, 350. 23, 430 etc.). Prose word alvOdvofjiai. 
 
 a/eXeTfc. 2 Av. 944 (par. Find. fr. 82). Lys. 853. a/c\e9 
 occurs Antiphon 1, 21. Cf. Hdt. 5, 77. See /c\eo9. 
 
 aKovd) (e- 3 ) for simple. Av. 1198 (par. of trag. fr. adesp. 30). 
 Thes. 293. In the passive Xen. Kyr. 4, 3, 3 (not elsewhere in 
 classic prose). Sophokles is fond of this compound (see Ruther- 
 ford). 
 
 aicpai(f>vij<;. 4 fr. 32. The prose word would be KaOapos. 
 Thukydides alone of Attic prose writers uses the word (1, 19, 
 52). Cf. Eur. Hek. 537. Alk. 1052. 
 
 a\yr)<ri<i. 3 Only in par. : Thes. 147 (Agathon). The word is 
 rare. In prose efo/yo?, 68vvr), Xfarr). The verb aA/yew, however, 
 is common enough. 
 
 a\(opr}. 1 Only in par. : Vesp. 615 with which W. Ribbeck 
 compares II. 12, 57. 15, 533. Aristotle has it of armor.
 
 12 The Language of Parody. 
 
 aX/a/i09. 3 ' 5 Vesp. 1060, 1061, 1062. Plut. 1003, 1075 (both 
 in an old proverb). Never used by Ar. save in par. Prose : 
 Xen. Hell. 7, 2, 16 ; 7, 3, 1. An. 4, 3, 4. Kyr. 1, 4, 22. 
 Hiero 5, 3. Hdt. several times, and Plato Repb. 614 B (with 
 play on 'A\Kivov). 
 
 aXo^o? 1 ' 3 for yvvij. Never in trimeter. Lys. 1286. Ran. 
 1050 (Aisch.). This is an allusion to the Bellerophon story. 
 Chiefly epic (over 100 times), but Eur. uses it some 30 times, 
 Aisch. 5, Soph. 1 (O. R. 181- choral part). Sd/jiap occurs in 
 Eur. 55 times. Our word in prose : Plato Theait. 149 B (for 
 play upon Xo^etap). Legg. 680 B (from Homer). Cf. TrXcm? 
 (Ach. 132). 
 
 aXva> 3 for fjiawo/jiat,. Only in par.: Vesp. Ill (= Eur. fr. 
 665). An Euripidean word, also in Homer and Ionic Prose. 
 
 a\(f>dv(o l for evpia-tcco or rvy^dvco : fr. 324, 2. Once only in 
 trag. : Eur. Med. 298. 
 
 afjLa\8vva>. 1 Pax 380 (Hermes). 
 
 a//,a6> (e- 3 ) as = " to tear out." Only in iamb. tetr. : Lys. 
 367. Cf. Eq. 708 (e^apTrda-o/jiai). ea/j,da> does not appear in 
 cl. prose. Eur. Kykl. 236 has the middle of " tearing out the 
 entrails," and as Euripides is mentioned in parody just after the 
 word is used, he may have been the cause of its use. 
 
 a/ieya^TO?. 1 Only in par. : Thes. 1049. This is just after a 
 passage full of Euripidean echoes. Tragedians have it in lyrics. 
 With Thes. 1049 cf. Eur. fr. 122. 
 
 aiAevrjvos. 1 Never in trim. Av. 686 (cf. h. Horn. Cer. 352). 
 fr. 222, 3. See Bakhuyzen ad frag. 1. 
 
 a/AT/xaz/o? 3> 8 for oVo/oof. Only in par. : Eq. 759 (par. of Pro- 
 metheus of Aisch.). Ran. 1429 (cf. Eur. fr. 886, 3). Prose : 
 Xen., Demosth. 
 
 a/A<i7roXo9 l for OepaTraiva. Only in hex. and lyric lines : Ran. 
 1338. fr. 9. The former is a par. of Eur. fr. 741, the latter is 
 from an oracle. 
 
 avaytcda> (e- 3 ) for simple. Only in trochaic tetr. : Av. 378 
 (perhaps a quot. from a tragic poet). See on aicovco (ef-). Prose : 
 Xen. Comm. 2, 1, 16. Hdt. 2, 3. Not elsewhere in cl. prose. 
 Once in anapaests : Vesp. 1045. The verb
 
 The Language of Parody. 13 
 
 occurs Od. 18, 70. 24, 368. Aisch. uses it also. See a 
 in this sense of " feeble." 
 
 araf. 4 Freq. in comedy and tragedy : Eur. has it about 60 
 times; Ar. about 18, but almost always of divine beings. The 
 exceptions are : Pax 89 (of Tiygaios). Av. 781 (a par. of Phry- 
 nichos probably). 
 
 ara<r<ra. 4 See aval;. Of 4 cases in Ar. only one concerns a 
 human being : Lys. 706 (par. cf. Eur. fr. 699). Eur. has it 
 some 20 times. Prose : Isok. 9, 72. 
 
 ave/juaKT]*;. 1 Only in anapaests : Av. 697 (poetic passage). 
 This and Eur. Phoin. 163 are the only places cited in Stephanus. 
 Cf. epic TroScbicrjs. 
 
 aveo-TW. 1 Only in par. : Eq. 1266 (cf. Pind. fr. 66). Pax 
 1097 (cf. II. 9, 63). Never in trim. See Soph. fr. 5. 
 
 avrav<yri<;. 3 Thes. 902 (Eur. as Menelaos). Cf. trag. fr. 
 adesp. 67. 
 
 avrifu/Aos. 3 Thes. 17 (ptg. cf. Eur. fr. 925). Prose : Arist. 
 Khet. 3, 3, 3. Thuc. 7, 67 has ainL^C^a^. 
 
 avTifapifa. 1 Only in anapaests : Eq. 813 (par. : W. Bibbeck 
 compares II. 21, 487), 818. 
 
 avrpov* Mostly in lyr. lines: Pax 223 (Hermes). Av.. 1097. 
 Thes. 1019 (par. cf. Eur. fr. 118). 25 times in Eur. Prose: 
 Xen. An. 1, 2, 8 (story of Apollo and Midas). Cf. An. 4, 3, 11 
 (avrpotSi]^. The word occurs first in the Od. then in Hesiod, 
 Pindar and trag. Plato uses o-Tr^Xatoy. 
 
 dz/rft>So9. 3 Thes. 1059 (Eur. to Echo). This is clearly mockery 
 of the introduction of Echo into the tragedy of Andromeda, but 
 the word itself is not in the old index to Eur. For like words 
 see Eur. Med. 1176 ; I. T. 179. 
 
 awo 1 ' 5 for avvo). Only in ptg.: Vesp. 369. Prose: Plato 
 Krat. 415 A is only for etymol. purposes. 
 
 avo)vdfjia<TTo<; 3 ' s for apprjros. Only in ptg.: Av. 1715 (trag. 
 fr. adesp. 49). It is a messenger's speech. 
 
 aocSij l > 3 for <aSr). Only in anap. tetr. and lyric lines : Nub. 
 297. Av. 241, 906 (par.), 908 (par.). Thes. Ill (par.). Kan. 
 213, 675. 
 
 a7raid\r)/j,a. 3 Nub. 729 (Sok.). Prose words : airdrr) or
 
 14 The Language of Parody. 
 
 cnroo-Teprjo-is : cf. Nub. 728, 731, 747. At Nub. 1150 the proper 
 name ' 'A.7raid\r). Our word not in cl. Attic prose. 
 
 ajretpcov 1 for aTreipos. Av. 694 ( boundless. Cf. Orph. Arg. 
 13 and Eur. fr. 781, 30.). fr. 250 (= circular). So Aisch. fr. 
 379, 2. Emped. 237. 
 
 inr^vrf: * for avaia-'xyvro's, aTratSeuros etc. (see Schol.) : Nub. 
 974 (Just Reason speaks after two old songs have been quoted). 
 Prose : Plato Phaidros 257 B (but here a v. 1. a-Tr^e?.) 
 
 a-TTTO/iat (av0- s , eV- 4 ' 8 ) for ajTzXa/i/Saw/iat and a/i7re%w, ap.'rri- 
 o-^ci) respectively. The first cmpd. occurs: Ran. 474 (par. cf. 
 Eur. fr. 383). Prose : Plato Rpb. 525 C. [Plato] Epist. 328 
 C. Thuk. 8, 50, 3. The second occurs Nub. 72. Av. 1250 
 (near a par.). Ran. 430. Ekkl. 80 (par.), fr. 65. 253, 1 
 (Mid.). Prose : Hdt. 7, 69. /catfaTTTo? 3 only in parody : Ran. 
 1212 (= Eur. fr. 752). In tragedy by Euripides only. 
 
 apao-o-oj. 4 - 8 Ekkl. 978 (but see Rutherford N. P. p. 6). By 
 conj. it is also read Lys. 459 (MSS. a^fare). The cmpd. e'- 
 occurs Eq. 641. Nub. 1372. Thes. 704. Homer uses only the 
 cmpds. avr-, e-, <ruv. Hdt. uses the simple once : 6, 44. 
 
 apwa)* Thes. 696 (par. of Eur. Telephos). Plut. 476 (par.). 
 Lys. 303, 459 (dub. 1.). Vesp. 402 (err-). Prose : Hdt. 7, 236. 
 Xen. Kyr. 1, 5, 13. 6, 4, 18 (err-). The prose word is fior)6eo). 
 apayr) is used by Ar. only in parody of Aischylos in the form of 
 direct quotations from him. Cf. Ran. 1265 etc. 
 
 apovpa 1 for 777. Only in hex. : Ran. 1533 (par. of Aisch. fr. 
 36). Plato has it in Epic passages : Ap. 28 D. Tim. 22 E, 73 
 C, 91 D. Legg. 829 A. See Wittekind p. 40. 
 
 for rjyefjuav. Eq. 164 (see Neil here). See on rayo?. 
 Only in hex. : Pax 1287 (par. cf. II. 16, 267. 
 Od. 4, 15). Lamachos' son is reciting. 
 
 ao-<roi/ 4 for ejyvrepov. Only in troch. tetr. : Eq. 1306. 
 
 aa-revatcTi. 3 Ekkl. 464 (cf. II. 6, 492). A tragic word would 
 be funnier because of the contrast. Note that a-reva, the prose 
 form of o-rera^G), is used 462. 
 
 ao-TpaTrrjfopeo)* Pax 722 (par. Eur. fr. 312), where Hermes 
 speaks. Favorite word with Euripides.
 
 The Language of Parody. 15 
 
 Lys. 217, 218. Solemn language is natural in 
 these mock tragic proceedings. Cf. Aisch. Ag. 244. 
 
 aTTjpos. 3 Vesp. 1299. Only place in comedy, and just after 
 a parody of some tragic poet. Plato Krat. 395 B is only for 
 etymology. 
 
 arraraV Ach. 1190, 1198. Nub. 707. Thes. 223, 1005. 
 Ran. 57. 
 
 auSow (aTT- 3 , ef- 1 - 3 ). Eq. 1072 (air-. See Neil here). This 
 is just after a mock oracle. Ran. 369 (owr-. bis). The cmpd. 
 e- only in par. : Ach. 1183. Homer and Eur. have it often, but 
 it is avoided by cl. prose writers. 
 
 avOaSia 3 for ai/OdSeia. Thes. 704. Tragic metre. See Antiph. 
 incert. 13. Ar. Lys. 1116. Ran. 1020. 
 
 afya. 3 ' 8 Pax 945 (metaph.). Av. 727, 1717 (ptg. cf. trag. 
 fr. adesp. 49). Ran. 314, 1438 (par. of Eur.). Prose : Plato 
 Rpb. 401 C (poetic). Xen. Hell. 6, 2, 29. Symp. 2, 25. Oik. 
 20, 18. Hdt. 2, 19. Eur. has it at least 20 times. 
 
 avre 1 for av. Nub. 595 (par. cf. fr. Terp. 2 Bgk.). Vesp. 
 1015. Pax 1270 (par. cf. Welcker, Ep. Cycle II, 553). 
 
 for ySoacu. Lys. 717 (ptg.). Note tragic Zfjv. 
 
 Only in hex. : Ran. 822 (par. of Aisch.). Not 
 found in Homer or trag. Probably coined by Ar. in imitation of 
 many Aischylean words. Cf. avrofiX.dfir), avro/3ov\i]To<;, avroye- 
 
 Only in par. : Thes. 904 (cf. Eur. I. A. 837. Hel. 
 549). Cf. o<aT09. Prose: Plato Legg. 636 E. Phil. 21 D. 
 
 a<j>aros. 3 Only in ptg. or by Dorian characters : Av. 428 
 (ptg.). Lys. 198, 1080, 1148. At Av. 1189, 1713 ov <f>aro<;. 
 Cf. Av. 423. 
 
 d<f>0iTO<s* Only in anap. tetr. : Av. 689, 702. Freq. in the 
 epos and trag. 
 
 afoaSfa. 1 Only in hex. : Pax 1064 (cf. II. 10, 350. 23, 430. 
 7, 446). Prose : a^/aoo-^. 
 
 fypTjTwp. 1 Only in hex. : Pax 1097 (par. of II. 9, 63). 
 
 a^aXti/o?. 3 Only in par. : Ran. 838 (Eur. fr. 495, 4). Prose : 
 Plato Legg. 701 C. Xenophon has d
 
 16 The Language of Parody. 
 
 'A.xapvr)tSai. 1 Ach. 322. Cf. the epic. IfyXijtaSi^. The 
 natural expression would have been <5 ^A.^apveoov TratSes. 
 
 a%r)via. 3 fr. 20 (ptg.). 27 b. Bakhuyzen says it is an 
 Aischylean word : (Cho. 301. Ag. 419). Prose : cnropta or 
 Trevia. 
 
 &xo9. 1 '*' 8 Only in par. or ptg.: Thes. 1054. Ran. 1354, 
 1531 (Aisch. fr. 36). Freq. in trag. Prose : Xen. Kyr. 5, 5, 
 6. 6, 1, 37. Eare. 
 
 B 
 
 /Sato?. 4 Ach. 2 (bis). Nub. 1013. Freq. in Aisch. and Soph. 
 Once in Find. P. 9, 83 (= pauca). 
 
 j3d<Tfca. 1 Only in par. : Thes. 783. The cmpd. Sia- (Av. 
 486) = "struts." See Aisch. Pers. 664, 672. 
 
 /SeXo?. 4 Only in par. : Ach. 345 (Eur. Telephos). Vesp. 615 
 (II. 12, 57. 15, 533). Av. 1714 (trag. fr. adesp. 49). Freq. 
 in Homer as = " missile " (cf. Find. O. 13, 95), and so Xen. 
 Kyr. 3, 3, 69. With Av. 1714 cf. 1749. 
 
 /3Xa<rraV&> 4 as = " be born": Av. 696 (poetic). Lys. 406 
 (cf. Aisch. Sept. 594). The cmpd. am- Lys. 384. With Av. 
 696 W. Ribbeck compares Soph. O. R. 156. II. 2, 551. Od. 
 11, 294. The word is at least rare in prose : Plato Rpb. 362 B 
 (from Aischylos). ib. 498 B. Phaidros 251 B (of the soul's 
 qualities). It is the regular word for the budding of vines etc. 
 See Nub. 1124. Av. 1479. 
 
 j3\e<j>apov 3 for o<0aX/fc. Ran. 1441 (Eur.). Pint. 822 (has 
 tone of messengers' speeches in tragedy) cf. 298. Cf. Simon, fr. 
 58. Soph. Ant. 104. Eur. Phoin. 543 etc. Elsewhere in Ar. 
 it has the regular meaning "eye-lid": Vesp. 12. Ekkl. 406. 
 Plut. 721, 730, 736. 
 
 y8oa/ia. 4 Only in troch. tetr. : Nub. 967 (a quot. from the 
 dithyrambic poet, Kydides). See Aisch. Ag. 920. 
 
 /So'eio?. 1 At Ran. 924 Euripides uses the adj. with pijfiara in 
 the sense of " large and sounding," as the Schol. explains. At 
 Eq. 954 and Vesp. 40 it = " stupid," carrying a double meaning 
 with it in the play on &)/i09 and STJ/AO?. Prose : Plato Rpb. 338
 
 The Language of Parody. 17 
 
 C. Hdt. 2, 37. Ib. 168 (all used with icpea). Aristotle several 
 times. eTrra/Soeio? comically joined to #t>/ii09, instead of o-a/cos, is 
 used by Aisch. at Ran. 1017 (ptg.). 
 
 /3oX?7 4 for icepavvos (Av. 576, 1538, 1747 etc.), once in a tragic 
 line : Av. 1242. This Nauck believes to be taken from the 
 Likymnos of Eur. Prose: Xen. Hell. 4, 5, 15. Thuk. 5, 65, 
 2 (in both places of a blow with a weapon). 
 
 3 in the meaning "food." Ran. 892 (Eur. to aldijp 
 /3oW?7/ia"). In its normal meaning at Ach. 811. 
 
 /8o'o-r/3i;%o9. 4 Never in trim. : Nub. 536 (par. Eur. El. 509 ff. 
 Aisch. Cho. 168 ff.). Ekkl. 955. See fr. 334 : eXt/c 
 which Jungius says is coined after epic models. Ar. uses 
 Vesp. 1069. fr. 218. Cf. 7rXo/ea/*o?. 
 
 /3ora. 4 Once in iamb. tetr. : Nub. 1427. Cf. Aisch. Ag. 
 1415 (a highly emotional passage). 
 
 ftovKo\(o 4> 8 for airareo). Prob. only in par. : Pax 153. 
 Ekkl. 81 (Soph. Inachos). Here there is a double play on the 
 meanings " to tend " and " to beguile." 
 
 fiov\ai 4 = consilia. Only in par. : Eq. 3 (see Van Leeuwen). 
 
 /3oiA,uro9 * = evening. Av. 1500 (Prometheus). Homer has 
 only the adverbial /SovXvrdvSe. 
 
 /3ow/o/*o9. 3 Only in par. : Ran. 1383 (Aisch. quotes his own 
 fr. 249). 
 
 yS/aera?. 4 ' s Only in par. or lyrics : Eq. 31, 32 (see Neil's 
 note). Lys. 262. 
 
 yfyoroV. 4 Eq. 601 (see Neil). Nub. 460 (par. II. 10, 212). 
 Pax 180, 236 (par. of Epic, style), 286, 849. Av. 107, 687, 
 1266 (ptg.), 1269, 1491, 1609. Thes. 683, 1023 (par. Eur. fr. 
 120). Ran. 1187 (par. Eur. fr. 158. Plut. 640 (ptg.). fr. 164. 
 All the foregoing are in the plural except Pax 180 (sing.) and 
 Av. 107 (dual). The plain word is avOpwrros, as appears from 
 Plut. 421 (where it is contrasted with #eo?), or OvrjTos as opp. to 
 aOdvaTos (see Lysias 2, 80). See OVTJTOI. 
 
 0pva>. 4 Nub. 45. Ran. 329. Prose : Xen. Ven. 5, 12 (see 
 Sauppe's Index). [Plato] Ax. 371 C. Plato Rpb. 383 B (from 
 Aisch.) The word is chiefly tragic. The prose words cuc^d^a* 
 (Thuk. 1,1. 2, 20. Aischines), 0/3700), cnrap^dco are used in 
 this sense. 
 2
 
 18 The Language of Parody. 
 
 u0o5. 4 Only in choral parts: Eq. 607, 609. Ran. 247. 
 Prose: Xen. Oik. 19, 11. Plato Par. 130 D (figurative). Aris- 
 totle some 10 times. Cf. a/3f 0-0-05. 
 
 7ata. 4 Only in choral parts : Nub. 290. Av. 1064. Ran. 
 1529 (hex.). This last is a parody of the Glaukos of Aischylos. 
 Prose = 777. 
 
 7a/Ai7\to5. 3 > 8 Av. 1758. Thes. 1034 (par. Eur. fr. 122), 1122 
 (par. Eur. fr. 889). Not in cl. prose, but yaftrjXia = a wedding 
 feast, is used by Isaios and Demosthenes. 
 
 yafji(f>r)\at. 1 Only in hex. : Eq. 198 (par. of oracles). Here 
 and at Eur. Ion. 159 (lyr.) of the bill of birds. Cf. II. 16, 489. 
 19, 394. 
 
 <ydwfj,ai l for ySe'ofjuii. Ach. 7. Vesp. 612. Prose: Plato 
 Phaidros 234 D. Xen. Symp. 8, 30, where it is discussed an an 
 Homeric word. 
 
 7av/>o5. 3 Ran. 282 (= Eur. fr. 788). Eur. alone of the three 
 Trag. uses the word. See vTreprjvopecov. 
 
 yepovraycayelv. 3 Only in direct quot. from Soph. : Eq. 1099 
 (= Soph. fr. 434). 
 
 yepova-ia. 7 Lys. 980 (a fyepa>xia). The Lak. herald speaks. 
 
 Nub. 705. Lys. 551. See II. 20, 467. 
 Only in ptg. : Ekkl. 3. This whole prjtris is a " take- 
 off" of Euripides' introductions. The prose word is 70/05, which 
 Eur. himself uses (Ran. 946) to explain his method of writing 
 tragedy. 
 
 7o/37oV<0T05. 3 Coined in imitation of xpvadvatTos, %a\/eoVa>T05 
 etc. : Ach. 1124 (ptg.). See Van Leeuwen ad loc. 
 
 7/3U7raero5. 3 Ran. 929. Eur. is here quizzing the Aischylean 
 manner. See Aisch. fr. 422 and Jungius s. v. 
 
 7w;5. 3 Av. 230, 996. Not in cl. prose, for [Plato] Epist. 
 310 is a quot. from some poet. 
 
 ywiw. 8 - 8 Only in par. : Thes. 136 (= Aisch. fr. 61). Theokr. 
 22, 69.
 
 The Language of Parody. 19 
 
 Only in hex. : Pax 1279, 1282 (both mock heroic). 
 Prose : e&Tidco. 
 
 Sato?. 4 Never in trim. : Nub. 335 (par. of cyclic poets). Ran. 
 897, 1022 (= warrior). The epic S?to9 is very freq. in Homer. 
 
 Sdnap 3 for ywj. Only in par. : Thes. 913 (= Eur. Hel. 574). 
 Freq. in Eur. See aXo^o?, TrXart?. 
 
 SdTreSovJ Av. 1265 (ptg.). Ran. 351. Plut. 515 (a quot.). 
 fr. 110, 2. Freq. in Eur. Prose: Xen. An. 4, 5, 6. Hdt. 4, 
 200. 
 
 SapSdfTTa). 1 Nub. 711 (here the nature of the biters welcomes 
 such a lofty word). Ran. 66 (Dionysos). fr. 409. The Tragg. 
 use the short form SaTrra). 
 
 Sei'Xeuo?. 3 Eq. 139. Nub. 12, 709, 1473, 1504. Vesp. 40, 
 165, 202, 1150. Pax 232. Av. 990. Ekkl. 391, 1051. Plut. 
 850. In all except two cases it is joined with oipoi, and except 
 in five cases the metre is tragic. Prose : Lys. 24, 23. Aischin. 
 
 1, 172. 3, 77. See Rutherford N. P., p. 45. 
 
 Syu,atV&>. 4 Only in anap. tetr. : Vesp. 1042. Plato is the 
 only good Attic prose writer who uses the word. Eur. has it 
 about 15 times, and it is freq. in Hdt. The noun Sel/jua occurs 
 Ran. 688, and Plato has it often Thukydides twice : 7, 80, 3. 
 
 2, 102, 5. Seo? is more usual in prose. 
 
 Sei/iaTo'w 4 for <fro/3elv or etcfofteiv. Ran. 144 (Dion.). In 
 prose : [Plato] Ax. 370 A. 
 
 Only in trochaic tetr. : Vesp. 442. Ekkl. 1157. 
 Eq. 954. Vesp. 40. In both places it is used 
 because of its resemblance to 8rj/jLo<j. Not in cl. Attic prose, but 
 Arist. H. A. 8, 2. Xenophon uses a-re'ap. 
 
 SidTTT^. 3 Only in parody : Ach. 435 (cf. Soph. O. C. 1086). 
 Eur. Rhes. 234 (= a spy.). 
 
 Sio<? 3 as = from heaven. Only in par. : Thes. 856 (= Eur. 
 Hel. 2). 
 
 Sfieo?. 1 ' 3 Only in ptg. : Ach. 887, 1174. Ar. is prob. imita- 
 ting Euripides in both places, for he uses the word freq. Cf.
 
 20 The Language of Parody. 
 
 So'Xto? l for a7raT77\o9 (Xen., Plato) : Eq. 1068 (hex.). Pax. 
 1068 (hex., Epic parody). Thes. 1202 (Eur. to Hermes). Plut. 
 1157 (twice of Hermes). Prose: Xen. An. 1, 4, 7 (dub.) is the 
 only inst. in cl. Attic prose. 
 
 SoXoW Only in hex. : Eq. 1067. Prose : Xen. Kyr. 1, 6, 
 28. Prose : e^aTrardat. Cf. 80X409. 
 
 8o/i09. 3 Never save in par., ptg., or lyric parts : Ach. 450, 
 456, 460, 543 (Eur. fr. 710). Nub. 303, 1161. Av. 1241, 
 1247 (Aisch. fr. 160), 1708 (cf. trag. fr. adesp. 49), 1710. Lys. 
 707 (Eur. fr. 699). Thes. 871 (= Eur. Hel. 68). Ran. 136, 
 1273 (Aisch. fr. 87). Ekkl. 11. At Nub. 1265 Kock reads 
 Sdfiwv, Bergk 'i'mrwv. The prose word is olicia. Cf. the cmpd. 
 O7rt(r#o'8o/io<? (Plut. 1193). See pe\a6pa. 
 
 Sovea).* Only in ptg. and lyr. : Av. 1183 (ptg.) Ekkl. 954. 
 Cf. w/>az/roSoWro9 (Av. 943), aepoSovrjros (Av. 1385), TrrepoSdvr)- 
 To? (Av. 1390). Prose : In cl. Attic prose the only case is Xen. 
 Symp. 2, 8 (Dindorf &z/of fievow). 
 
 Sopd* Only in par.: Ran. 1211 (Eur. fr. 752). Prose: 
 Hdt. 4, 175. Elsewhere Ar. uses Seppa. 
 
 Spcureto* Vesp. 168 (see Starkie). Pax 62 (ptg.). This 
 desiderative form is not found in cl. Attic prose. 
 
 Bvofjbai (ara-) * as " to emerge." Only in a line spoken by 
 Dionysos : Ran. 1460. Cf. II. 1, 359, 496. Od. 5, 337. In 
 the sense " to shrink back " by Demosth. and Ar. Ran. 860. 
 
 Swyevfa* Only in par. : Ran. 1219 (= Eur. fr. 661). Eur. 
 alone of the Tragg. uses it. 
 
 Svo-fcd0apTo<;* Only in ptg. : Pax 1250 (cf. Soph. Ant. 1284). 
 
 Svo-popos. 1 ' 3 Av. 7. A favorite word with Soph., who has it 
 about 35 times. Prose: Antiphon III /3 11 (an appeal to the 
 emotions of the jury). 
 
 Sva-Trivijs.* Only in ptg. : Ach. 426 (trag. fr. adesp. 42 ; cf. 
 Soph. O. C. 1597). 
 
 Suo-TroT/io?. 3 Only in a line spoken by Eur. : Ach. 419. 
 
 SW7T77I/09. 1 ' 3 Av. 354. Lys. 426, 652, 699, 959. Thes. 878. 
 Ran. 1332 (ptg.). Ekkl. 166, 763. fr. 461 (par.). Prose: 
 Only Demosth. 19, 255 (\o<ydpia Sva-Trjva used of Aischines, 
 the quondam tragic actor).
 
 The Language of Parody. 21 
 
 8vcr<f>opeco s for 8va-^epaivco : Thes. 73. Ran. 922. In both 
 Eur. is spoken to. In cl. prose : Xen. Kyr. 2, 2, 5 (dub.). Ib. 
 
 9 9 ft 
 
 2, 2, 8. 
 
 8vcr^ifj.po<f. i Kan. 125 (Dion, to Herakl.). Not in prose 
 before Aristotle. 
 
 Sana. 3 Only in par. : Ach. 479, 1072. Nub. 1159. Pax 
 115 (Eur. Aiolos). Thes. 871 (= Eur. Hel. 68). fr. 268. 
 
 E 
 
 ea. 3 Nub. 1260 (ptg.). Pax 60 (tragic context). Av. 327, 
 1495. Thes. 699, 1009, 1105 (par. Eur. fr. 125). Plut. 824. 
 Eur. uses it freq. Prose : Plato Prot. 314 D. 
 
 eSpai 1 ' 5 as = " abodes." Lys. 345 (of Athena). Thes. 889 
 (ptg. cf. trag. fr. adesp. 65). Ran. 324 (Pausanias describes the 
 eSpat here as ofyaX/ia). The word is very freq. in the Tragg. and 
 appears about 15 times in Homer. In Ar. whenever the plural 
 is used in lyric passages and tragic senarians, it has a poetic color. 
 
 e&wXm 3 as " abode." Only in par.: fr. 1. See eSpai and 
 Holden on fr. 7. 
 
 eOavov. 3 The simple occurs only in parodic lines : Ach. 893 
 (6ava>v). Thes. 865 ( Eur. Hel. 53). fcardaveiv occurs in 
 par. : Ran. 1477 (= Eur. fr. 638). See Rutherford N. P., p. 40 
 and Note. 
 
 et/So) (/car-) 1 for /eaTaXet/3&>. Only in par. : Lys. 127 (cf. II. 
 24, 794. Od. 21, 86). Not in trag. nor cl. prose. 
 
 KaTojK(f)d\a<;. 2 In a par. of the dithyrambic poets : Nub. 
 336. eicaToyKetyaXos occurs Ran. 473 (par. Eur. fr. 383). 
 
 eXao-iyfyoz/ro?. 2 Only in par. : Eq. 626 (Find. fr. 144 Bgk.). 
 for eXeew. Only in par. : Eq. 793. Cf. ol/cripcij. 
 for apyeco, r)<rv%deLv, f]<rw%iav e%iv. Prob. only in 
 ptg. : Thes. 598 (notice the metre all about here). Prose : Hdt. 
 1, 67. 8, 71. See Pindar N. 5, 1. I. 2, 46. 
 
 e/ioXoy. 4 Eq. 21-26, 73. Av. 404. Lys. 743 (par.), 984, 
 1263, 1297. Thes. 1146, 1155. Ran. 1232 (= Eur. I. T. 1). 
 See Rutherford N. P., p. 41. Prose : Xen. An. 7, 1, 33 (/to'X&m).
 
 22 The Language of Parody. 
 
 for Trpoa-fapijs (Ekkl. 67) or o/toZo? : Nub. 502. 
 Vesp. 1102 (see Roger's note), fr. 68. Prose: Xen. Kyr. 5, 5, 
 31. Hdt. several times. Cf. Trpoae^ep^. 
 
 evavra. 1 ' 2 Prob. only in par. : Eq. 342 (see Neil). 
 
 ev8i/c(o<; 3 for t/ccua>9. Only in troch. tetr. : Pax 630. Prose : 
 Plato Phil. 12 D. Legg. 954 A. Tim. 85 B. [Epist.] 318 D. 
 335 D. Nowhere else in cl. prose. 
 
 egdieea-K. Only in anap. tetr. : Ran. 1033 (Aisch.). This is 
 apparently the only appearance of the word in literature. Prob. 
 it is a genuinely tragic word, or one coined for such on the analogy 
 of verbal compounds with e/c (see egaKovw etc.). 
 
 egaTTivr)? 5 for e^ai(f>vr}f (11 times in Ar.) only in the Plutus : 
 Plut. 336, 339, 815 (cf. 353 e^u'c^?). See Diener, p. 25, for 
 prose references. Xen., Thuk. and Hdt. use efaTrwr?"?, and Plato 
 once (Rpb. 621 B). It is not in the Orators. 
 
 eefy>o9. 3 Only in par. : Av. 275 (Soph. fr. 593). Thuk. and 
 Xen. use e/cS^/io? " away from home." 
 
 efforio?.* Only in par. : Thes. 881 (cf. Eur. Hel. 467), 884. 
 An Euripidean word. 
 
 7riy\a)TTdofiat, 3 for 6veiSi%a) or \oi8opeo). Lys. 37. See Aesch. 
 Prom. 928. Cho. 1045. 
 
 &TC&7/U05. 1 Only in hex.: Pax 1098 (par. II. 9, 64). The 
 noun eTriSijiJiia, however, is used by Demosth., Xen. and Plato. 
 Our word appears Hdt. 2, 39. Prose word : e/t^Xto?. 
 
 &iri<ricvtnov. 1 Only in hex. : Ran. 823 (The chorus parodies 
 Aischylos' style, using a large number of epic words). The word 
 occurs but once in Homer (II. 17, 136), but is freq. in the 
 Anthology. Ar. uses 6<f>pv<; (Nub. 582. Plut. 756). Our word 
 occurs once in Aristotle. 
 
 7ria-Tpo^>ai s = " haunts." Only in par.: Ran. 1383 (Aisch. 
 quotes his own fr. 249). Plato uses Siarpifiai in this sense. So 
 Andok. 4, 22. 
 
 e7ro<? 4 for \oyo<f (= a speech): Av. 174 (ptg.). Pax 520. In 
 the meaning "proverb" or "saying": Av. 507. Lys. 1038. 
 For this latter sense a prose writer would use \dyos or TO \eyo- 
 fievov or 7rapoi/j,ta (So Ar. Thes. 527 and Plato). See Van 
 Leeuwen ad Av. 174.
 
 The Language of Parody. 23 
 
 epayu,at. 4 Only with parodic tone : Vesp. 751 (lyr.). Pax 
 1098 (II. 9, 64) an hexameter. Eur. has it at least 20 times. 
 The active voice is used in prose (See Ar. Av. 76, 135, etc.). 
 
 epSco 3 ' 5 . Only in par. : Vesp. 1431 (proverb). See Ruther- 
 ford N. P., p. 49. 
 
 epi/3pe/j,era<;. 1 Only in hex. : Ran. 814 (parodic). 
 
 pt(0\.rj. 1 Eq. 511. Vesp. 1148. Ar. uses the word merely 
 to pun upon epiov. Cf. 0ve\\a. 
 
 epTrvfa. 1 Vesp. 272 (parodic). Compound forms : Ran. 485 
 (/ca#-) Ekkl. 398 (Trap-), 511 (?ra/>-). I cannot find the simple 
 in any cl. prose writer. 
 
 eV0\o9 3 ' 4 for ayaffds. Only in par.: Ran. 1218 (Eur. quotes 
 his own fr. 661). Prose : Xen. Kyr. 1, 5, 9. Plato has it, but 
 only as a poetic word and mostly in quotations from poets. The 
 form eVXoV is usual in lyric poetry, and invariable in Pindar ; see 
 Gildersleeve Find. O. 1, 99. 
 
 er^Tf/to? 1 ' 3 for aXrjdijs. Only in par. and hex.: Pax 119 (Eur. 
 fr. 18). Often in Homer and tragedy. See erv/io?. 
 
 en^o?. 3 Only in par. : Pax 114 (Eur. fr. 17), 118 (adv.). 
 Prose : Plato Phaidros 260 E. See enjTVftos. 
 
 evvij.* Vesp. 552. Av. 1286. Thes. 1122 (par. Eur. fr. 889). 
 Ekkl. 958, 967. At Eq. 605 it means "camp-bed," in which 
 sense alone it is regular in prose (see Neil ad loc.). Still Xen. 
 Kyr. 8, 8, 14 = a regular bed. The prose words are o-r/3/Aa, 
 K\u>k (Thes. 261), ic\iv>n (Ach. 1090). 
 
 evoSia. 3 Only in hex. : Ran. 1528 (cf. Aisch. fr. 36). Here 
 the chorus speed Aischylos on his way to the upper world. 
 The word is not in Homer, and in tragedy only at the place cited. 
 It is avoided by cl. prose writers, but euoSo? is found in Xen. 
 
 ei/7ra\a/i09. 4 Only in anap. tetr. : Eq. 530. Quoted from 
 Kratinos according to the Schol. Not found in cl. prose. 
 
 etWoTro?. 3 Ekkl. 2 (ptg.). Prose : Xen. Kyr. 6, 3, 2. Prose : 
 Arist, H. A. 9, 41, 5. 
 
 eucTTo/ieo) 3i 5 for etx^^/tecu : Nub. 833 (tragic metre). See Soph. 
 Ph. 201. Lucian Phil. c. 17. Ar. uses aTrocrwTrcwo, 
 Cf. Nub. 105, 833.
 
 24 The Language of Parody. 
 
 i>xa>\r). 1 Only in hex.: Pax 1276 (par. II. 8, 64). Prose: 
 Hdt. 2, 63. Prose = e^. 
 
 e</>et<?. 3 Only in par. : Vesp. 338 (note 7rpd<f>a<ri<;, the usual 
 word, in the foil. line). It is in no extant tragedy, but Hesychius 
 (ii, 239) gives it. See Starkie ad 1. 
 
 e$77/ie/309. 4 Only once by Sokrates : Nub. 223 (see Van Leeu- 
 wen's note). It is freq. in Pindar and tragedy. Aischylos uses 
 e(f>7)jj,epio<; once (Pr. 546). 
 
 %0aip(0 3 ' 6 for fjucrea). Only in par. : Ran. 1425 (Ion fr. 44). 
 See Wittekind, p. 28, for examples. 
 
 e^Bo/Mai (e'fai*-) 3 for ave^o^ai. Nub. 1373. (Here Strepsiades, 
 after hearing an incident from one of Euripides' plays, says he is 
 not able e^ave^ea-datj. Pax 702. 
 
 exw (/car-) 4 meaning "to fill." Nub. 328, 572 (cf. Aisch. 
 Pers. 387. II. 16, 79). Hermippos (2, 9) has it in an hexa- 
 meter, and Kratinos (Od. 1) where Odysseus addresses the island 
 of the Kyklops. 
 
 Z 
 
 a0eo9. 4 Never in trim. : Nub. 283. Av. 927. Ran. 383. 
 
 eo> (eTTi-). 3 Only in ptg. in a metaph. sense : Ach. 321. Thes. 
 468. See Rutherford N. P., pp. 16, 17. 
 
 Zijv for Zew. Only in par. or lyrics : Nub. 564. Pax 722 
 (=Eur. fr. 314). Av. 570, 1740. Lys. 717 (cf. Eur. Kykl. 
 669). Note that Lysistrata deliberately changes from Zev to Zfjv. 
 
 H 
 
 Only in anap. tetr. : Av. 659. Oft. in Pindar. 
 Eq. 1023 (a7rt5&)). This Homeric word comes in 
 naturally after the mock-oracles in 10] 5 ff. The Doric form is 
 common in Pindar and the tragic chorus, but in dialogue only here 
 and Eur. Rhes. 776. See Neil. 
 
 rjptvds* for eapwas. Only in choral parts : Pax 800 (par. 
 Stesichoros fr. 34). Av. 683, 714, 1099. fa is used by the 
 Tragg. for eap. Prose : Xen. Hell. 3, 2, 10 (the only place in 
 cl. prose, Xen. himself using eapivds, Kyr. 8, 6, 22).
 
 The Language of Parody. 25 
 
 for tcaOeSpa or Opovos. Never in trim. : Nub. 993 
 speaks). Ran. 1515, 1522 (both by Aisch.). Prose : 
 Plato Politic. 288 A. Rpb. 516 E. Xen. Kyr. 8, 7, 10. Symp. 
 4, 31. Hdt. 1, 181 (0&icot). See Odv. 
 
 6apd 4 for 7roXXa/a?. Mostly in lyrical lines : Eq. 990. Av. 
 234. Thes. 952 (all lyric). Plut. 1166. fr. 149, 4. Prose: 
 Isokr. Panath. 102. Plato Phaid. 72 E. Xen. Mem. 2, 1, 22 
 (see next line). TroXXa/a? is freq. in Ar. 
 
 0ao-o-a> 3 for Kadrj^ai. Only in ptg. : Vesp. 1482 (cf. Od. 18, 
 239. Eur. Hell. 438. Hek. 36). Thes. 889 (Eur.). Freq. in 
 Eur. See Odicos. 
 
 Qeivw 6 for Traua, 7rara<ro-w, a-jroSeto (cf. Nub. 549. Av. 497. 
 Eq. 1130. Kan. 547. Nub. 1376. Av. 1016. Ran. 662): 
 Ach. 564. Eq. 640. Vesp. 1384. Av. 54, 1613. Lys. 364, 
 821. Ran. 855. See Rutherford N. P. p. 10. 
 
 #e'Xc<>. 3 In all cases where 0e\a> follows a consonant (except 
 Eq. 713. Lys. 1216, where Van Leeuwen would change the 
 reading to eWXeo) the tone is mock tragic : Thes. 412, 908 (= 
 Eur. Hel. 562). In the following lines 6e\o> /follows a vowel : 
 Ach. 198, 318 (par.), 355, 426 (ptg.). Nub. 801. Vesp. 493, 
 521. Av. 407 (ptg.), 929 (par.). Lys. 473. Ran. 1442, 1468 
 (ptg.). Ekkl. 1017. The phrase t)v 0eo? 0e\rj is used in good 
 prose. In Ar. it occurs: Pax 939, 1187. Ran. 533. Plut. 
 347, 405, 1188. For the different spheres of e'0e'X&> and povXopai 
 see Gildersleeve Pind. O. 7, 20. P. 1, 40 (or more fully dis- 
 cussed by him in the A. J. P. 16, p. 525-6) ; Rutherford N. P., 
 pp. 415-16 ; H. W. Smyth, Ionic Dialect, 588. 
 
 tfeo'o-eTTToi?. 3 Only in anap. tetr. : Nub. 292. Van Leeuwen 
 compares OeocreTrrcop, Tre/JiireTTTO?. 
 
 (9e/3/io'/3oyXo?. 3 Only in par. : Ach. 119 (Eur. fr. 852). Ar. 
 comically substitutes Trpwfcrdv for o-7r\d<y%vov. 
 
 Oepfjuo. 1 Lys. 1079 (dub. 1.). Ran. 1339 (par. Od. 8, 426). 
 The last line is hexameter. The prose form is Oeppaivw (Ach.
 
 26 The Language of Parody. 
 
 1175. Pax 843. Ran. 844), and is used by Xen., Plato, Arist. 
 See 0d\TT<o (Av. 1092) and 0epa> (Plut, 953). 
 
 0e<nrio<i. 1 Only in hex. : Av. 977 (oracle). It seems to occur 
 elsewhere only at Hes. fr. 54. 
 
 Bea-TTHpSea) 3 for fiavrevofiai. Only in par. : Plut. 9 (Eur. Or. 
 285). Prose: [Plato] Ax. 367 D (poetic) is only place in cl. 
 prose. Hdt. has Oea-Tri&tv. 
 
 0eo-<j>aTa. 4 Only in par. or ptg. : Eq. 1233, 1248 (from the 
 Bellerophon of Eur.). Pax 1073 (hex.). With the last Ribbeck 
 compares II. 8, 477. 10, 473. The prose word is xprjo-fjuk. 
 
 #77700 4 for a/covdcD. Only in hex. or lyr. : Lys. 1256 (cf. Eur. 
 Phoin. 1390. II. 11, 416). Ran. 815 (hex.) with parodic tone. 
 Prose : Xen. Kyr. 2, 1, 11. Ib. 13 and 20. 1, 2, 10. Ib. 6, 41. 
 Mem. 3, 3, 7. Xen. has it in the figurative phrase Brfyetv i/rin^a?. 
 It is not found elsewhere in classic prose, but Arist. (Rhet. 3, 3, 
 2) uses it. 
 
 0r)\v(f>pa)v. 3 Only in ptg. : Ekkl. 110 (trag. fr. adesp. 51). 
 Blaydes compares Eur. I. A. 421. Fr. 364. 
 
 0&. 1 ' 3 Only in par.: Vesp. 696 (Soph. Ant. 590. Cf. Ar. 
 Nub. 892, 1265), 1521 (= shore. An epic parody). See 0(o^. 
 
 Ovrjrot 1 for av0pa>7roi. Never in trim. : Nub. 574 (lyr.). Pax 
 1063 (hex. oracle), 1071 (hex.). Av. 708 (anap. tetr.), 1059 
 (par. cf. Soph. O. C. 1085). See fyorfc. 
 
 0oo?. 4 Only in par. or lyrics : Eq. 554, 1265 (par. Pind. fr. 
 66). Ran. 1233 (= Eur. I. T. 1). The prose word is ra^w or 
 e\a(j)p<y>. 
 
 Opava-dvrv^. 3 Only in par. : Nub. 1264 (Xenokles fr. 1). 
 
 0poea>* Only in hex. : Ran. 1276 (= Aisch. Ag. 104). Eur. 
 in mockery of Aisch. 
 
 Qvyarepos 3 for 0vyarpo<i. Only in par. : Vesp. 1397. 
 
 0veXXa. 1>4 Only with parodic tone: Nub. 336 (anap. tetr.). 
 Strepsiades parodies the dithyrambic poets. Not in cl. prose. 
 See epia>\7). At Lys. 973 n-prja-rijp and Tv<fxo<> occur. 
 
 0vr)\ij l for 0vfjLa or dvaia: Av. 1520 (Prometheus). Not in 
 cl. prose. See Av. 901. Pax 1052. 
 
 0vfjLatvo)* for xa\e7raiva) or a^Bo^ai. Nub. 609 (the cloud
 
 The Language of Parody. 27 
 
 chorus quote the Moon), 1478 (to Hermes). Not found in cl. 
 prose. Eupolis Map. 21. 
 
 tfy/zoXeW. 1 Only in par. : Ran. 1041 (see Nauck trag. Graec. 
 fr. p. 72). Aisch. dealing with an epic subject uses epic words. 
 
 Ovfjuk 3> 4 in the meaning " heart " or " soul," where it is per- 
 sonified and addressed as an individual. In these places the tone 
 is always poetic, and most of them are parodies of Euripides. 
 Ach. 353, 450 (cf. trag. fr. adesp. 44), 480 (par.), 483 (par.). 
 Eq. 1194 (ptg.). Vesp. 383 (lyr.). Elsewhere in Ar. it means 
 " passion," " courage," " desire," all of which uses are found in 
 prose. If we omit Ach. 353 ; where the meaning is doubtful, 
 Ovfjuk (= heart, soul) will occur only in par. and a lyric line. See 
 Find. O. 2, 98. N. 3, 26. See tceap. 
 
 Ou^* for aoopfc (Plut. 269, 270, 804. Xen. Hell. 4, 4, 12. 
 Vect. 4, 2. Aristotle) : Lys. 973. fr. 94. 217. Blaydes says 
 it does not appear elsewhere in the comic writers. See Moeris. 
 
 Bapr/aa-opai l < 5 for Owpaici^a). The word is used only because 
 of the double meaning in it of " arming " and " getting drunk." 
 Ach. 1134, 1135. Pax 1286 (hex.). 
 
 (eV-) 4 - 7 for 7rt7re)Lt7rG>. Nub. 1299. Vesp. 1348. Pax 
 432. fr. 552. See Thuk. 5, 77, 8 (a Doric speech). 
 
 ta^oj. 1 Only in hex. and lyrics: Eq. 1016 (hex.). Av. 772 
 (cf. 781 and II. 3, 342. 4, 79. 23, 815 etc.). At. Ran. 217 
 the later epic form ta%e&) in a lyric line. 
 
 ISvloi 1 for pdpTvpes : fr. 222, 5. 
 
 '( fa 4 - 5 for Ka0e^ofuu. Eq. 403 (ptg.). Av. 742 (mid., cf. 727). 
 Ran. 199 (see next line). Prose: Plato Tim. 25 D. Leg. 855 
 D. Xen. Ven. 9, 14. Freq. in Hdt. 
 
 'tijfu (crvv-) l for a/eowa. Only in par. : Pax 603 (fr. Archil. 50 
 Bgk.). Hdt. 1, 47 (oracle). See Soph. Tr. 90. 
 
 t/ee\o<? * for ofjioios. Only in a quot. from Homer : Av. 575. 
 Also in Ionic prose. See on efjufrepiys, Trpoa-e^ep^. 
 
 Ipei'pa)* for eTTidv/j-ea) (freq. in Ar.). Only in anap. tetr. : Nub. 
 435 (see 433 and compare 435). Prose : Plato Krat. 418 C (for
 
 28 The Language of Parody. 
 
 etymology only). Hdt. has it as a deponent, but it is not found 
 elsewhere in cl. prose. See Iftepos, iievoivdw, iroOeivos. 
 
 tfiepos 4 ' 8 for eTTiOv/jiia or TTO'^O? : Lys. 552 (see 53, 55, 66 where 
 7T000? is used). Ran. 59 (ptg.). Prose: Plato Phaidr. 251 C 
 etc. (about 10 times). Hdt. has it also. Lycian Deor. Jud. 15 
 distinguishes epoyj, ifj&pos, TTO'^O?. See Plat. Krat. 420 A. See 
 
 tVSaXXo/*at J for Soicem. Vesp. 188. The whole scene is a par. 
 of Odysseus' escape from Kyklops' cave. Prose : Plato. 
 
 ioa-Tetyavos. 2 Only in dactylic and anapaestic metre : Ach. 637. 
 Eq. 1323, 1329. There is always an allusion to Pindar, I think. 
 See fr. Pind. 54'(Bgk.) and Isth. 2, 20. P. 7, 1. 
 
 iTTTTo'Xo^o?. 1 Only in hex. : Ran. 818 (par. of Aischylos' style). 
 
 ld>* Ach. 566 (ptg.), 568 (ptg.), 1071, 1078, 1080 (last three 
 parodic), 1205, 1212 (ptg.). Eq. 1218. Nub. 1155 (par. Soph. 
 fr. 451 or Eur. fr. 623), 1169, 1259 (toy /i<u>ot). Vesp. 748 (MB 
 l*o itoi), 1292. Pax 236 (par.), 242, 250. Av. 228 (ptg.), 343, 
 406 (ptg.). Lys. 716. Thes. 1047 (ptg.). Ran. 1341, 1342. 
 fr. 401. Espec. tragic is tea poi pot (twice in lyric lines). Four- 
 teen of the above are in lyric lines. 
 
 K 
 
 icdSos. 5 Ach. 549. Pax 1202. Av. 1032, 1053. Ekkl. 
 1002, 1004. fr. 269. Attic prose: Only Demosth. 21, 133. 
 Plato Rpb. 616 D. Elsewhere: Hdt. 3, 20. Anakr. 16. 
 Archil. 4. In tragedy : only Soph. fr. 491, 3. In the sense of 
 "voting-urn" KaSurfcos is more usual (Ar. Vesp. 321, 853, 854). 
 Kepdpiov occurs Ar. fr. 723. 
 
 /ca/coppodeco 3 for KaKO\o^e<a. Only in ptg. : Ach. 577 (chorus 
 to Lamachos. See Eur. fr. 712). Thes. 896. In trag. by Eur. 
 only. 
 
 ica\\ivucos.* Ach. 1227, 1228, 1231, 1233 (all parodic). Eq. 
 1254. Av. 1764. See Van Leeuwen ad Eq. 1254. 
 
 Ka\\i7rdp0evo<t. s Only in par.: Thes. 855 (Eur. Hel. 1). 
 An Euripidean word. See /ca\\i7njs (Thes. 49, 60), /caXXt/co/io? 
 (Pax 798), :aXXt/3o'a9 (Av. 682). Compounds with /caXXi- and 
 
 -- are mostly poetic.
 
 The Language of Parody. 29 
 
 Ka\v7TTa-0ai. s Only by Sokrates : Nub. 740. In Attic prose 
 the compel, forms only are used, but the simple is freely used in 
 both act. and pass, by the Tragg. See Soph. fr. 333 and next 
 word. 
 
 /ea\v7TTo'<?. 3 Only in ptg. : Thes. 890 (Eur. as Menelaos). See 
 preceding word. 
 
 #a/*a| 3 as = "spear-shaft." fr. 404 (cf. Aisch. Ag. 66. Eur. 
 Hek. 1155. El. 852). 
 
 Kapa 3 for Ke<f>a\ij. Only in par. or ptg. : Ach. 1218 (Lama- 
 chos). Pax 153 (par. Bellerophon of Eur.). Thes. 1102 (cf. 
 Eur. fr. 123). See tcdprjvov. 
 
 KapaSoKeco 3 ' 5 Eq. 663. Compare all this with the Messengers' 
 speeches in tragedy. Eur. is fond of this word. Prose : Xen. 
 Mem. 3, 5, 6. Hdt. 7, 163, 168. 8, 67. 
 
 Kaprjvov. 1 fr. 222, 3. Homer 23 times ; Hesiod 3, but Pindar 
 does not take it up. Tragedy : Eur. fr. 541. Aisch. Chor. 396. 
 See Kapa. 
 
 KapTrelov. 4 ' 8 fr. 177. The prose word KapTrds (more oft. plu- 
 ral) : Nub. 1119. Ekkl. 14. Plut. 515. 
 
 Kapra 3 ' 5 for ar<f>dSpa or irdw. Ach. 544. Av. 342. Cl. Attic 
 prose : Plato Tim. 25 D (only here). <r<f>dSpa in Ar. about 30 
 times, Trdw about 100. 
 
 KacriyvrjTos l> 3 for a8eX<o'<?. Only in ptg. : Thes. 900. 
 
 /earao-/ao9. 3 Only in par. : Ach. 965 (cf. Aisch. Sept. 384). 
 Aisch. is fond of the word, but it is not so freq. in the other 
 Tragg. Not in cl. prose. Plato Tim. 79 D (/eaTa<r/aa6>). 
 
 /caTOTTTT??. 3 Only in par. : Ach. 435 (trag. fr. adesp. 43). Prose 
 words : /caraCTTCOTro?, oTrrijp. 
 
 Keap' A for KapSia (freq. in Ar.). Only in par. : Ach. 5. See 
 
 5 for e/ceti/o?. Vesp. 751 (ptg.). Pax 48 (an Ionian 
 speaks). Lys. 795, 818. Thes. 473 (ptg.). See Wittekind, pp. 
 14-15. Eutherford N. P. p. 4. 
 
 Ke\aSeo>. 2 Nub. 284. Pax 801 (par. Stesich., p. 749 Bgk.). 
 Thes. 44 (ptg.). Ean. 383, 684, 1527. Pindar uses the word 
 often (see Gildersleeve, Pind. O. 1, 9). Never in cl. prose 
 (Aischines has it in an oracle).
 
 30 The Language of Parody. 
 
 /ce'Xet#o9 4 for 68of, arpairo^. Only in par. : Thes. 1100 (Eur. 
 fr. 124. Cf. I. T. 32). 
 
 KeXXw (er-) 3 for Kard<yofMat. Only in ptg. : Thes. 877 (Eur. 
 as Menelaos). The word is not given in our indexes to tragedy. 
 The simple occurs in Homer, tragedy and later poets. eVt/ceXXw 
 is found in Homer and Ap. Rhodius. See Jungius, 8, Introd. 
 
 KevOfMav* Only in par. : fr. 149, 1 (Eur. Hek. 1). Not in cl. 
 Att. prose. Hdt. 7, 141 (oracle) has it, and it occurs in the epos 
 and tragedy. For the verb Kev0a> see Plato, Hipp. Min., 365 B. 
 Ib. 370 A (both from Homer). 
 
 */a/c&> (a?-). 7 Ach. 869 (= shook off). Van Leeuwen says 
 it is not found elsewhere except in Simmias, of Rhodes. 
 
 Kivvpopat 1 for K\aia>. Eq. 11 (cf. 9 and 12). Neil notes that 
 this is the only occ. of the word outside of serious poetry. Aisch. 
 Sept. 123 is the only place in tragedy. It is not uncommon in 
 late epic. Not found in cl. prose. 
 
 /cXaOyu-a. 4 Pax 249. Ran. 813. In the former K\av^ara is 
 humorously used for /cpo/ji^va. The word is a favorite one with 
 Aischylos. The only places in cl. prose are [Andok.] 4, 39. 
 Xen. Kyr. 2, 2, 14. At Thes. 1041 7005. Plato uses Kkavpovr), 
 Aristotle /cXai/^/xo?. 
 
 K\etv<k. 4 Ach. 1184 (ptg. cf. trag. fr. adesp. 45). Eq. 1328. 
 Nub. 1024. Pax. 737 (par. Simonides fr. 82). Av. 810, 1277, 
 1372. Thes. 29. Plut. 772 (ptg.). Prose : Hdt. 5, 92 (oracle). 
 7, 228 (epigram). Of Attic writers Plato alone uses it : Soph. 
 243 A. Legg. 721 C. Often in Pindar and tragedy. 
 
 *Xeo? 4 ' 8 for Bo^a or rifir). Ach. 646. Nub. 459 (par.). Ran. 
 1035. See Van Leeuwen ad Nub. 460. Prose : Hdt. 7, 220. 
 9, 78. Xen. Kyn. 1, 6. Plato Symp. 208 C (hex.). Lysias 
 2, 5 (cf. ev/cXe?;? 2, 23). Thuk. 1, 10, 2 (Homeric setting). 
 Ib. 25, 4 (myth of Phaeacians). 2, 45, 2 (poetic reminiscence). 
 The sphere is poetic. 
 
 K\rja> 4 for 7Aca>/uaa). Never used by Ar. except in imit. of 
 lyric or trag. poetry : Av. 905, 921 (poet), 959, 1745. The other 
 form, /cXeteo, occurs Pax 778 (par. Stesich. fr. 32 Bgk.). Lys. 
 1299 (Lakonian chorus). In prose: [Plato] Ax. 371 B (poetic). 
 Xen. Kyr. 1, 2, 1.
 
 The Language of Parody. 31 
 
 K\ovea>* Eq. 361 (see Neil). Not in prose of the cl. period. 
 
 tcXovos* Only by Sokrates : Nub. 387. Used for the less 
 pretentious /copKopvyr) (Pax 991. Lys. 491). Not in cl. prose. 
 
 /eXvca 3 for a/covco. Only in ptg. : Eq. 813 (cf. Eur. fr. 723). 
 Pax 1283. Av. 407, 416, 1390. Thes. 1018 (Eur. fr. 118). 
 Ban. 1173 (== Aisch. Cho. 4), 1374. Plut. 601. Not in cl. 
 prose. 
 
 tevura. 1 ' 8 Ach. 1045. Pax 1050. Av. 193, 1517. It is used 
 only where sacrifices are being offered. Freq. in Homer (see 
 espec. II. 8, 549). Prose : Plato Legg. 906 E (elevated subject). 
 Kpb. 364 E (from Homer). The only tragic ex. is Aisch. Pr. 
 496. As a religious word this may have been in the common 
 speech, indeed Demosthenes' use of Kvia-dat (q. v.) seems to show 
 that it was. 
 
 Kvtadco. 1 ' 8 Eq. 1320 (see Neil). Av. 1233 (ptg.). Prose: 
 Dem. 21, 51. Macart. 66 (oracle). Not elsewhere in cl. prose. 
 
 /ci/wSaXoi/. 4 Vesp. 4. Lys. 476. Prose : [Plato] Ax. 365 C 
 (of worms). Not elsewhere in cl. prose. Pindar has it of asses 
 and serpents. Kratinos Xet/3. 8 (hex.). Ar. uses Brjpiov (Av. 93) 
 and re/aa? is the ordinary word for " monster." 
 
 Koipavos* Only in par. : Ach. 472 (Eur. fr. 568). Freq. in 
 the epos. Not in cl. prose. See 7ro\vfcoipavos. 
 
 Ko\vfi/3dw (e/c-). 3> 8 Once in anap. tetr. : fr. 80 (cf. Eur. Hel. 
 1609). The simple is in Plato. 
 
 Ko\ocrvpTos. Only in anap. tetr. : Vesp. 666. Plut. 536. 
 With the former cf. Vesp. 593, 667 (?rX/0o?). See II. 12, 147. 
 13, 472. Hes. Th. 880. Not in cl. prose. 
 
 Ko/jLTTaa/jLa 3 for KO/JLTTO^ or aXa^ovevfia. Ran. 940 (Eur. mimics 
 Aischylos' manner). Blaydes compares Aisch. Pr. 361. Sept. 794. 
 
 Koveco (ey-y Ach. 1088 (cf. 1094, tnrevSa and 1085, ra%y 
 /8a&e). Vesp. 240 (par.) Av. 1324. Ekkl. 489 (cf. 483). 
 Plut. 255. Homer uses the word, but only in pres. part, with 
 some other verb. 
 
 Kcwro?. 3 Ran. 1265 (par. Aisch. fr. 128), 1267, 1269, 1271, 
 1272, 1275, 1277, 1278, 1280, 1284 (of course all these are mere 
 echoes of 1265). Lys. 542 (= weariness). Plut. 321 (note the 
 epic allusion before this). Prose : Plato Prot. 310 D. Rpb. 537.
 
 32 The Language of Parody. 
 
 Tim. 87 E. Xen. An. 5, 8, 2. Eq. 4, 2. But Plato and Xen. 
 have it in the sense of " weariness," whereas Ar. in all places 
 except Lys. 542 uses it as " toil " or " suffering." 
 
 Kopevwfjii. 1 Only in epic par. : Pax. 1283, 1284, 1285. In 
 Attic prose only by Xen. Mem. 3, 11, 13. Prose word: 
 
 for 6(j)da\fji(k. Vesp. 7. Thes. 902 (ptg.) Plut. 635 
 (par. Soph. fr. 644). Freq. in Eur. See o/^/ia. 
 
 Kopfuk 1] 3l 5 for Trpe'pvov. Only in iamb. tetr. : Lys. 255 (prob. 
 a par. Cf. Eur. H. F. 240. Hek. 575. Hel. 1601. Kykl. 384). 
 Prose : Hdt. 7, 36. Only place in cl. prose. Once in Homer : 
 Od. 23, 196. 
 
 /co/305 4 for 7rai<?, jjieipdiciov. Only in hex. and par. : Av. 977 
 (hex. Kovpe). fr. 558 (par. Eur. Phoin. 1243, 1273, 1359). 
 Prose: Hdt. 8, 77 (oracle. Here Schweighauser reads it as a 
 proper name). Plato 5 times in the Laws. A favorite word 
 with Eur. 
 
 1 Only in hex. : Ran. 818 (par. cf. II. 2, 816). 
 Only in anap. tetr. : fr. 222. See Bakhuyzen ad 
 fr. 1. Once in Homer : II. 9, 241. Prose : Hdt. 7, 218. 
 
 /COT09. 1 Only in par. : Ran. 844 (cf. Eur. El. 402. Kykl. 
 424). Oft. in Aisch., and about 7 times in Homer. The verb. 
 Korea is purely epic, for Plato Lys. 215 C (the only place in cl. 
 prose) is from Hesiod. 
 
 Kovp(8ios. 1 ' 5 Pax. 844. Freq. in Homer and Ap. Rhod. The 
 feminine occurs Hdt. 1, 135. 5, 18. 6, 138. Nowhere else in 
 cl. prose. Plato uses vvfjufrifcds, Ar. wfjufriBtos (Av. 1729). See 
 
 vco 4 for creico (cf. TraXXw). Only in par. : Ach. 965 (cf. 
 Aisch. Sept. 384, where o-eto> is the verb), 967. Not in cl. prose. 
 Kpavaos. 1 Ach. 75 (see Van Leeuwen). Av. 123 (at Kpamai 
 = 'Adr)vai). Lys. 481. fr. 560, 3 (== rough, stinging). Here 
 there is doubtless a covert allusion to Athens. Often in the Od. 
 of Ithaca. Tragedy : Aisch. fr. 371. Eum. 1011. Soph. fr. 
 798. Not in cl. prose save Hdt. 8, 44 (icpavaoi= the Athenians). 
 icpi^a). 1 Av. 1521 (Prometheus has already used two epic words, 
 and 6v^rj\ri q. v.). II. 16, 470 (of a creaking yoke). Not
 
 The Language of Parody. 33 
 
 in cl. prose, Kpdfa in the same sense, "to scream, shriek," is 
 freq. in Ar. 
 
 KpCva) (8ia-~) 3 as = to separate into elemental parts. Only in 
 par. : Thes, 13 (Eur.). See Bakhuyzen ad loc. 
 
 Kpovvos. 4 '* Only in anap. tetr. : Ran. 1005 (cf. similar use of 
 por) Find. N. 7, 12. Plato Theait, 206 D). See the comic 
 crnpd. iepovvoxyTpo\ripaio<; (Eq. 89). Our word is in the epos and 
 trag. but not in cl. prose. At Ran. 1005 the chorus address 
 Aisch. with satiric earnestness. At 1. 814 ff. Aisch. is said to 
 have first given dignity to " tragic nonsense." All this is mockery 
 of his long pompous words. Cf. 'Eivvedicpovvos. 
 
 icpvepds.* Only in ptg. : Ach. 1191 (see Schol). Av. 951, 955. 
 With Ach. 1191 cf. Homeric icp. 70040, <pdj3oto; Hesiodic tcp. 
 'AtSao ; Euripidean icp. davdrov, etc. Not in cl. prose, but [Plato] 
 Ax. 368 C has icpvos (frigus). 
 
 KTVTreo*.' Ach. 1072 (ptg.). Thes. 995. Ekkl. 545. Plut. 
 758 (cf. Eur. Med. 1180). The cmpd. em- is found at Av. 780. 
 Ekkl. 483 (cf. Ap. Rhod. 1, 1136. 2, 1081). Freq. in Homer 
 and Eur. (also Soph.). See /CTUTTO?. 
 
 Ac 4 for KfMtros. Eq. 552 (cf. II. 10, 535). Av. 1156. 
 Lys. 1307 (cf. 1319). With this last cf. Eur. Herak. 783. Tro. 
 546. Prose: Thuk. 7, 70, 6. Plato Krit. 117 E. Xen. Kyr. 
 
 7, 1, 35. See /crvTrew. 
 
 Kvavavj^. 1 Only by the poet Kinesias : Av. 1389. Ar. uses 
 its congeners xvavo/SevOris (fr. 165) and Kvavefi/BoXos (Eq. 554. 
 Ran. 1318, both lyric). Cf. Orph. H. 2, 3. Eur. Alk. 261, etc. 
 Not in cl. prose. 
 
 KvoWo?. 1 Only in par. : Ran. 1270 (= Aisch. fr. 238, 
 quoted here by Eur.) Oft in Homer of Zeus and Agamemnon. 
 Not in cl. prose. See the two following words. 
 
 KvSoifuk. 1 Only by Lamachos in a mock-heroic line : Ach. 
 572 (cf. Pax 255. Horn. II. 5, 593. 18, 535. Emped. 417). 
 Not in cl. prose. See next word. 
 
 ywoW Only in hex. : Eq. 200 (par., cf. II. 8, 141). Of the 
 Tragg. Aisch. alone has it. The only inst. in cl. prose is Hdt. 7, 
 
 8, 1 (Xen. Mem. 2, 6, 11 is from Homer). See preced. words. 
 
 as = "to move around." Only in ptg.: Av. 1379
 
 34 The Language of Parody. 
 
 (cf. Soph. Ai. 19. Eur. Or. 632). Thes. 958 (cf. Eur. I. T. 
 68, 76). See Vesp. 1523. eyKVK\ovnai* occurs Vesp. 395 
 (tragic tone; cf. 154), 699. At Av. 346 Trept re /cv/cXoxrai. See 
 Green ad Vesp. 395. The cmpd. ela- Thes. 265. The simple in 
 prose : Plato rather often, and (in mid.) Hdt. and Thuk. Prose : 
 
 * for Kv\ivSe<a. Eq. 1249 (par. Eur. fr. 310, where 
 is the verb). Nub. 374. Vesp. 492. Thes. 767. Ekkl. 
 208. Not in cl. prose. Cmpd. etV- Thes. 651. 
 
 Kvvea) (7T/300--) in the form Trpoa-eicva-a 3 for irpoo-eicvvrjcra. Only 
 in ptg. : Eq. 156 (cf. Plut. 771), 640. 
 
 KwoKe<f>a\\o<i. 1 Prob. in par. only : Eq. 416 (of Kleon). See 
 Van Leeuwen's note. Prose: Plato twice (Theait. 161 C. Ib. 
 166 0) but written with one X, and used of a species of monkeys. 
 Hdt. 4, 191 (KvvoKe<j>a\oi = name of a people. Cf. Strabo, 43). 
 tcvpea 3 ' 6 for rv^dvw. Only in par.: Ran. 1291 (Aisch. fr. 
 incert. 282). See Wittekind, p. 44. Not. in cl. prose. 
 for veavtas or e^T/ySo? : Lys. 983, 1248. 
 
 for Xapftdvco. Lys. 209 (cf. 1. 202). Lysistrata has 
 been imitating Aisch. Eur. has the word oft. Not in cl. prose. 
 
 Cf. fidpTTTQ). 
 
 XaiVo? * 3 for \idivo<f. Only in par. : Ach. 449 (trag. fr. adesp. 
 44). Freq. in Eur. Not in cl. prose. 
 
 \aice f pv&. 1 Only in par. : Av. 609 (Hes. fr. 183, 1). Else- 
 where : Poeta ap. Plat. Rpb. 607 B (not elsewhere in cl. prose). 
 Hes. Op. 747. See \da-Kw. 
 
 \arck 3 for /3a/co5, pdfciov. Only in a line spoken by Eur. : 
 Ach. 423. The word, however, does not seem to occur in Eur., 
 who uses \dtcia-fjLa (Tro. 497). Oft. in Aisch. See Alkaios 18, 8. 
 
 Xa/A7r -pvvo^at 3> 8 as = " to be made clear-sighted." Only in 
 par. : Plut. 635 (cf. Soph. fr. 644). In the meaning " to dis- 
 tinguish oneself" Eq. 556 (so Thuk. 6, 16, 3. Arist. Eth. 4, 2, 
 4, etc.), Xen. has the passive = " to be bright." Cf. \afj,7rporiyf.
 
 The Language of Parody. 35 
 
 Isokr. Ar. 104. 10, 17. Ep. 4, 11. Demosth. 21, 158. Not 
 in cl. prose in our signif. 
 
 Xa/i7ra> (e'/c-). 3 Only in the higher tone : Pax 304. Av. 1712 
 (trag. fr. adesp. 49). Lys. 387. 
 
 \a<rtav%r)v. 4 Only in hex. : Ran. 822 (parodic. Cf. h. Horn. 
 6, 46). Not in Homer, but Xao-to? occurs. In trag. Soph. Ant. 
 350 (chor.) is the only place. The word well describes the rugged 
 sublimity of Aischylos. 
 
 XaW. 3 Only in par. or ptg. : Ach. 410, 1046. Pax 381, 
 382, 384. Ran. 97. Plut. 39. The cmpd. Bia- Nub. 410. Eur. 
 especially delights in this word. Not found in comedy outside of 
 Ar. nor in cl. prose. See Rutherford, N. P., p. 43. See Xa/ee- 
 pva, ropeco. 
 
 Xaa> 7 for tfovXo^at or e0e\co : Ach. 749, 766, 772, 776, 788, 
 814. Lys. 95, 1163, 1187. The Tragg. sometimes use this verb. 
 Not in cl. prose. Cf. X?)/ia. 
 
 Xeutfo'Xo(/>o? 3> 4 Only by Aisch. in a mock-heroic line : Ran. 
 1016. Asa proper name Ran. 1513. Ekkl. 645. Cf. Xev/eoXotya? 
 (Eur. Phoin. 119), \evK.oda>pa%. Xen. An. 1, 8, 9. Not found 
 in cl. prose. See next word. 
 
 XeuKOTrX^T??. 3 Ekkl. 387. See Jungius, Praefat. 8. Eur. 
 uses many cmpds. of Xeu/coV. See word above. 
 
 Xetu? 4 for 77^05 or TrX^tfo?. In the herald's phrase cucovere 
 \ea> it occurs Ach. 1000. Pax 551. Av. 448. Outside of this : 
 Ach. 162 (ptg.). Eq. 224. Yesp. 1015. Pax 62 (cf. Soph. Ai. 
 585), 298, 632, 922, 1317. Av. 1275, 1276. Thes. 39 (ptg.), 
 857 (= Eur. Hel. 3). The form XaoV only in lyric lines or par. : 
 Eq. 163. Ran. 219, 676. Cf. with the foregoing the use of 
 7rXr}0o? at Ach. 317. Ekkl. 432, 770. Of cl. prose writers Plato 
 and Hdt. only use Xetu? (Hdt. XaoV also). In tragedy it occurs : 
 Eur. 28 times; Soph. 10; Aisch. 16. XaoV is found in Eur. 24, 
 in Soph. 2, in Aisch. 11 times. 
 
 X^/ia 4 - 5 Eq. 757. Nub. 457, 1350. Thes. 459. Ran. 463, 
 500, 603, 899. Plut, 581. Aisch. and Soph, have it oft. In 
 Soph, it has the sense of "insolence." See Xa&>. 
 
 as = " fair, graceful " : Ach. 639, 640. Eq. 1329
 
 36 The Language of Parody. 
 
 (par., Find. fr. 54 Bgk.). Nub. 300. Av. 826. fr. 110. See 
 Neil ad Eq. 1329. 
 
 \ia-a-dviof 7 for ayaffos. Lys. 1171 (a Lakedaimonian speaks). 
 
 XMTo-o/tat 3 for avTij3o\eo>. Pax 382 (cf. 377). Thes. 313, 
 1040 (par., Eur. fr. 753, 53). See Rutherford N. P., p. 25. 
 
 Xt^/icwB 4 for Xei^a). Only in anap. tetr. : Vesp. 1033. Pax 
 756. Homer has only the cmpd. airo- (II. 21, 123). Theokr. 
 25, 226 (Tre/at-). The simple occurs Hes. Sc. 235. Eur. Bacch. 
 698 (only place in trag.). 
 
 X<fytf7 4 for SJpv (Pax 447, 1213 and oft.) : Ach. 1226 (Lama- 
 chos). Vesp. 1119. Ran. 1016 (Aisch.). At Thes. 826 it has 
 its reg. meaning "spear-head." Prose: Xen. Eq. 12, 13. Hell. 
 7, 5, 20. Plato Lach. 183 D. Hdt. freq. In tragedy Aisch. 3 
 times ; Soph. 7 ; Eur. 46. 
 
 Xo7%o<o/>o9. 4 Pax 1294 (cf. Eq. 448). Here the presence of 
 Lamachos' son calls forth such a word. Prose : Xen. Kyr. 2, 1, 
 5 (only place in cl. prose). 
 
 Aota?. 4 Only in connection with oracles : Eq. 1047, 1072. 
 Plut. 8 (par.). 
 
 Xftxrroi/ 3 for fieXria-Tov. Av. 823. Prose : Plato has both the 
 comparative and superlative freq. the latter generally in the voc. 
 
 <5 Xoxrre. Xen. Symp. 4, 1. Nowhere else in cl. prose. 
 
 
 
 M 
 
 fidxap 4 for (tatcdptos. When applied to gods and men, it seems 
 to be poetic. Prose usage confines it to the Islands of the Blessed 
 (so Plato Phaid. 115 D. Ar. Vesp. 639). In poetic use: Nub. 
 599, 1206. Pax 780 (par., Stesich. fr. 32 Bgk.), 1075 (par., cf. 
 Od. 1, 82), 1106 (par.), 1333 (rpio--). Av. 222, 702, 703, 899, 
 1722, 1759. Ran. 85, 352. It never occurs in trim., and of the 
 foregoing two are in hex., two in anap. tetr. and all the rest in 
 lyric lines. See foil. word. 
 
 /ia*a/>tT7;5. 4 Prob. only in par. : Plut. 555 (see Van Leeuwen). 
 fr. 488, 10, with which Blaydes compares Aisch. Pers. 633. 
 There is a play upon the double meaning "blessed" and "dead." 
 Not used in cl. prose. See
 
 The Language of Parody. 37 
 
 3 as = to relent. Vesp. 973 (comic-tragic tone). 
 Eq. 389 ( make soft by tanning). For the first meaning cf. 
 Soph. Ai. 594. Plato uses the act. in the sense "to soften" 
 Hippokrates of the " remitting " of a fever. In the signif. " to 
 relent " it is not found in cl. prose, where the word is usually 
 AiaXa/ato/zai (Thuk. 3, 40, 7. Ib. 6, 29). Cf. 0a\7ro/iat (Ar. Eq. 
 210. Xen.), and fji,a\6aK%o(j,ai (Plato Rpb. 458 B). See reyyat 
 and the foil. word. 
 
 Ha\0aK(k*> 5 for /iaXa*o9. Ach. 70, 1200. Nub. 727. Vesp. 
 714 (par., Eur. fr. 628). Av. 122, 233. Ran. 539, 595. Prose: 
 Plato Phaidros 239 C. Theait. 149 D. Soph. 230 A. Not else- 
 where in cl. prose. Ar. has /zaXa/co?. Eq. 785. Vesp. 738, 1455. 
 Plut. 1022 and oft. See word above. 
 
 fiavrelof 4 for navrucos (Pax 1026. Av. 1332). Only in anap. 
 tetr. : Av. 722. Cf. Eur. Tro. 454. Not in cl. prose. 
 
 pdpTTTO) 1 for \a/j.f3dva>. Only in hex. : Eq. 197. Pax 1100. 
 See \dvfj,cu. 
 
 fjieya 4> 5 for /iaXa, Train/, a-<f>dSpa. Only in anap. tetr. : Nub. 
 291 (Sokrates to the Clouds). Cf. II. 2, 480. 16,46. Aisch. Pr. 
 647. Freq. in Homer. Prose: Xen. Kyr. 3, 1, 27. 5, 1, 28. 
 Hdt. freq. 
 
 Eq. 151 (see Neil), 172, 782, 1162. Nub. 600. 
 or /teSew. 1 ' 3 Eq. 560 (epic tone), 585, 763. Lys. 833 
 (par.). Ran. 665 (par., Soph. fr. 342). Cf. foil, cmpds. : TTOI/TO- 
 (Vesp. 1531 perhaps a parody of Aisch. Sept. 130) ; 
 (Thes. 323). All are in lyrics save Lys. 833. Not in 
 cl. prose. 
 
 He\a9pa 3 for otVcta. Only in par. : Av. 1247 (Niobe of Aisch.). 
 Thes. 41 (servant of Agathon speaks), 874 (par., Eur. Hel. 460). 
 Not in cl. prose. See SO/AO?. 
 
 IteXavoicdpSios.* Once in par. : Ran. 470 (see Bakhuyzen). 
 Sim. words are fteXavoTTTepos (Av. 695. Eur. Hek. 705), ^\avo- 
 Trrepvj; (Av. fr. 452. Eur. Hek. 71), neXavda-repfos (Aisch. fr. 
 389), /teXaz/o'^/300? (II. 13, 589). Not in extant trag. or cl. prose. 
 
 /xeXai>o7TTe/305. 4 Only in anap. tetr. : Av. 695 (poetic description). 
 Not in the epos, and in Eur. alone of the Tragg.
 
 38 The Language of Parody. 
 
 fr. 537. Cf. Eur. Hek. 71 (of dreams). These 
 two seem to be the only examples in the literature. See two 
 preceding words. 
 
 /ie'Xeo? 3 as meaning " unhappy," " miserable." Only in par. : 
 Vesp. 313 (Eur. fr. 385). Pax 1063 (hex.). Thes. 1037 (Eur. 
 fr. 122). About 40 times in Eur. ; Hdt. once in an oracle (7, 
 140) and nowhere else in cl. prose. Ar. only in lyrics and hex. 
 
 (jLevowdo) 1 for eiriOvnea). Only in troch. tetr. : Vesp. 1080. 
 This sounds like the battle scenes of the Iliad. The word is 
 chiefly epic, occurring twice only in tragedy (Soph. Ai. 341. 
 Eur. Kykl. 448). Not in cl. prose. See lpe(pa>. 
 
 At&o?. 1 Ach. 665 (= might; cf. II. 6, 182). Vesp. 424 
 ( anger. See Starkie here). In the latter meaning Ar. gen. 
 has 0/3777. Prose : In the signif. " spirit, ardour " : Xen. Kyr. 
 3, 3, 61. Hell. 7, 1, 31. Kyn. 6, 15. Plato Tim. 70 B (dub. 
 1.) and the Homeric passages Krat. 415 A (/i/o?). Symp. 179 B. 
 Rpb. 389 E. Aischylos is partial to it. 
 
 fjiepifiva* for fypovrk. Never in trim. Nub. 420 (cf. Eq. 612. 
 Nub. 233, 236. Vesp. 1097. Antiphon II 2. Isokr. Ep. 2, 
 11). At Nub. 950, 1404 it = maxims, speculations. The only 
 place in cl. prose is [Plato] Rival. 134 B, but pepi/waco is com- 
 mon enough. 
 
 l^p^rjpt^a) (aTro-). 1 ' 3 Vesp. 5. This opening scene is a parody 
 of some tragic poet if we may judge by the number of poetic 
 words. The simple is common in Homer, pepnepos is found in 
 the II. and Eur. Rhes. 509. 
 
 fjXTdpvios 3 - 5 for ^reeo/jo? (Eq. 1362. Nub. 264, 266 and oft.) : 
 Av. 1383 (Kinesias). See Wittekind, p. 37. The Doric form 
 occurs Av. 1197. Not in cl. Attic prose. See ireSdpa-tos. 
 
 wSapd 3 ' 5 for ovSapw (Nub. 688. Vesp. 79, etc.) Only in 
 a line spoken by Eur. : Thes. 1162. Not in cl. Attic prose. See 
 Wittekind s. v. 
 
 /^So/iat 4 for <f>povrC& (Ekkl. 263) or eVft^eo/iai (Ekkl. 262). 
 Never in trim. : Av. 689 (poetic). Thes. 676. Not in cl. prose. 
 
 pijXov* as meaning "a girl's breast." Lys. 155 (par.). Here 
 a Lakonian is speaking on an Homeric subject. Ekkl. 903. See
 
 Ihe Language of Parody. 39 
 
 Theokr. 27, 49. It is doubtless a word belonging to the sphere 
 of folk-poetry. Cf. KvSwvicx; (Ach. 1199). 
 
 WTpd0ev*> 5 Only in par.: Ach. 478 (cf. Aisch. Cho. 750). 
 Dikaiopolis uses tragic language when speaking to Eur. Not in 
 cl. prose exc. Hdt, 1, 173. Cf. Find. O. 3, 28. 
 
 fjuvvpoftcu 4 for fjuwptfa (Vesp. 219. Av. 1414. Plato Rpb. 
 411 A) : Ekkl. 880 (cf. 931 a$a> /ere). Not in cl. prose. 
 
 /*07o 1>7 for 7ro<r%G), TaXeu7ra>/3ea>, aA/yaw. Only by a Lake- 
 daimonian : Lys. 1002 fytayfopK). /Ao^o = to toil, occurs Plut. 
 282, 518, 556. oSwdofiai = " to suffer pain" is freq. in Ar. 
 ra\anrci)pe(i) (Lys. 1220. Ran. 24. Plut. 224). payed) is not 
 in cl. prose. It is freq. in Homer not uncommon in Aischy- 
 los not in Soph., and only once in Eur. 
 
 /ioXTTTJ. 4 Never in trim. : Ran. 370, 383 (The chorus (1. 382) 
 says " sing now another kind of vpvcav" while four lines before 
 this it spoke of the singing as fjLo\7rd%eiv. Cf. <pSai<ri 1. 396), 
 1527. Both /ie'XTna and ^oKira^uv are poetic. poXTrij not in 
 cl. prose. 
 
 ftoi/o/ia^o?. 3 Only in par. : fr. 558, 2 (cf. Eur. Phoin. 1300, 
 1335, 1362). Not in cl. prose. The verb fiovofia^elv appears in 
 an epic passage in Plato Krak 391 E, and Hdt. has iMovvofia^eeiv 
 and fj-ovvofjia^iij. In trag. Eur. alone uses our word. 
 
 /AoiKro/iaiTi?. 3 Only in par. : Av. 276 (Van Leeuwen cites 
 Aisch. fr. 60). See Bakhuyzen ad 1. 
 
 poX\evrri<;. z < 8 Nub. 567 (Poseidon), 1397 (for source of par. 
 see Porson ad Medeam 1317, and at same place Verrall and 
 Bakhuyzen). The word seems to occur only in Ar. Possibly he 
 coined it, since Eur. is fond of /lo^Xefe and (iox\eveiv. 
 
 /;0ia> 4 ' 7 for Xe7<. Only by Lakonian characters: Lys. 94 
 (cf. 96), 981, 1076. 
 
 /ivxa?. 4 Ekkl. 12 (ptg.) Thes. 324. Prose : Thuk. 7, 4, 52 
 (= bay ; cf. H. 21, 23). Xen. An. 4, 1, 7. Hdt. 2, 11. 4, 21. 
 Plato Rpb. 387 A (from Homer). 
 
 fi(i)[j.dofj,ai* for <ric(iy7rTiv or /ie/i<o^tat (freq. in Ar.) : Av. 171. 
 Not in cl. prose since Plato Prot. 346 C is from Simonides.
 
 40 The Language of Parody. 
 
 N 
 
 vafa>* for ol/ceco. Never in trim.: Vesp. 662 (tcarevao-Qev). 
 See Starkie's note, and cf. Hes. Op. 167. Th. 329, 620. Ap. 
 Rhod. 2, 520. The simple Ran. 324. It is used by no cl. 
 prose writer save in epic citation. 
 
 vapa 3 for olvos. Once in ptg. : Ekkl. 14. Prose : Plato oft., 
 but mostly in fig. senses. As = " streams " it occurs Xen. Ven. 5, 
 34. Not elsewhere in cl. prose. Used by all the Tragg. 
 
 vawrffMofjuu* Only in par. : Pax 126 (Eur. fr. 669). A 
 prose writer would prob. have said veto? eTnftatveiv. Oft. by 
 Eur. : cf. Hel. 1210. Tro. 677. Never in cl. prose, where 
 TrXaa) is the word. 
 
 i/avo-TO\ea>. 3 Only in par. : Av. 1229. Thes. 1101 (Eur. fr. 
 123). Not in cl. prose. 
 
 z>aim\o5 3 for VCLVTUCOS. Only in par.: Ran. 1207 (Eur. fr. 
 846, 2). See Wittekind, p. 31. 
 
 vavfaptcTos* Ach. 95 (Note similarities of sounds in ends of 
 lines about here). Eq. 567 (ptg. See Neil's note). Not in cl. 
 prose. 
 
 z/et*o9 4 ' 5 for epis. Never in trim.: Yesp. 867. Thes. 788. 
 Ran. 818 (par. of Aischylos' style. The line is hex.), 1099. The 
 subj. under discussion at Thes. 788 is a favorite one with Eur., 
 likewise the phrase, TTCLV tcaicdv (cf. Hipp. 616, 625, 627). Prose: 
 Isokr., Xen. Ven. 1, 17 (epic setting). Plato Soph. 243 A (poetic). 
 Hdt. freq. 
 
 z/eoXeua 7 for ^77. fr. 67. Used by the Tragg. only in lyrics. 
 Not in cl. prose. 
 
 *>e<o<?. 4 Ar. uses this word in trim, only once, where the tone 
 is excited. In all it occurs but 6 times, whereas v<f>e\rj is used 
 26 times (16 times in Nubes as a proper name) and in nearly 
 every place the tone is sober. Ar., like Homer, uses v&fros in 
 metaphor (cf. Pax 1090. Av. 295, 578 with II. 4, 274. 17, 
 243 and 755). See Buttman sub v. The following are its occur- 
 rences in Ar. : Nub. 228 (lyr.). Pax 1090 (par. of II. 17, 243). 
 Av. 295, 349, 578, 776. In Homer ve<f>os is used more than
 
 The Language of Parody. 41 
 
 twice as often as ve^eXij. So it is with Aischylos. Prose: Dein. 
 18, 188 (figurative). Demades 1, 15. Plato Tim. 49, C. [Epin.] 
 987 A. Hdt. 8, 109 (figurative). Aristotle. 
 
 i^Trto?. 4 ' 5 Nub. 105. Pax 1063 (hex., par.). Prose: Anti- 
 phon III B 11. [Plato] Ax. 366 D. ib. 367 A. Good prose 
 words available were a(f>po)v, /-tarato?, fwopo'?, ovecuo9. See Vesp. 729. 
 
 vrjTrvTios . l Only by Sokrates : Nub. 868. Oft. in Homer. 
 Never in trag. or cl. prose. See 1/7777-409. 
 
 w0o'/3oXo9. 2 Only in par. of dithyrambic poets: Av. 952, 1385. 
 Of the Tragg. Euripides alone uses it, but only in lyrics. Cf. 
 Eur. Phoin. 206. I. A. 1284 and Soph. Ai. 695. Not in cl. 
 prose. See next word. 
 
 w(/>oa9. 4 Only in anap. tetr. : Nub. 273. Not in cl. prose. 
 See z/i<o'/3oXo9, 7rre/3oet9, o/c/3i>o'et9. 
 
 voareoj 4 ' 5 for ava%(0peo) etc. : Ach. 29 (=$oiTav). Av. 1270. 
 Plut. 610. The cmpd. Trepi-: Pax 762. Thes. 796. Plut. 121, 
 494. Prose: [Plato] Epist. 335 C. Hdt. 1, 73. 1, 122. 3, 
 26. 7, 147. 
 
 i/vo-o-o). 4 ' 8 Nub. 321 (prob. a sophistic use of the word). Plut. 
 784. There was a proverb \eovra vva-treiv, and so the word may 
 have been common enough. 
 
 vvxtos.* Only in anap. tetr. : Av. 698 (poetic). Cf. Hes. Op. 
 521. Th. 991. Not in cl. prose. 
 
 ft/pea) 3 ' 5 for iceipa). Never except where the tone is tragic: 
 Ach. 119 (par. Eur. fr. 858). Thes. 191, 215 (a-rro-), 1043 (avro-). 
 Prose : Plato Rpb. 341 C ( a proverb. Only here in cl. Attic 
 prose). Hdt. It is to be noted that Sophokles, the most Ionic 
 of the Tragg., is the only one of them to use this word. 
 
 %vpov s > 5 for pdxaipa, fcovpk. Thes. 219. Ekkl. 65. fr. 320. 
 Prose: The only place in cl. prose is a proverb, Hdt. 6, 11 (cf. 
 II. 10, 173). It occurs rarely in all three Tragg. Used chiefly 
 in. the proverb "to stand on the razor's edge." See %vpea>.
 
 42 The Language of Parody. 
 
 O 
 
 07/coft) 4 for <f>va-do). Never in trim.: Vesp. 1024. Ran. 703 
 (just before a par. of Archilochos). Of the Tragg. Eur. uses it 
 most. Prose : Xen. Mem. 1, 2, 25 (cf. Kyr. 7, 2, 23. Hell. 7, 
 1, 24, where ava^v^do^an is used). Epigr. Gr. 233, 4. cty/eo? in 
 Dem. and Isokr. 
 
 S&o?. 1 ' 3 Only in hex. : Ran. 1276 (= Aisch. Ag. 104). Not 
 in cl. prose. 
 
 oSotTro/305. 3 ' 5 Only in troch. tetr. : Ach. 205 (tragic tone). 
 Prose: Xen. An. 5, 1, 14 (dub. 1.). Hdt. 4, 110. ib. 116. 
 Both these writers have o&onropia, as well. Soph. oft. has 
 oSomopeiv for levcu or ftaSifeiv. 
 
 6&vpTos. s Only in par. : Ach. 1226 (see Bakhuyzen). Not in 
 cl. prose. 
 
 olSeto. 6 Only by tragic characters: Ran. 940 (Eur.), 1192 
 (Aisch.) Cf. Pax 1166. Prose: Plato Gorg. 518 E. Hdt. 3, 
 76. ib. 127. Hipp. Ae'r. 284. Aristotle. Demosth. has oiSrjfjia. 
 Ar. uses olSfta only in lyric lines. 
 
 olxTipa)* for e\ee&). Mostly in par.: Vesp. 328 (par.), 556, 
 975 (mock pathetic). Lys. 961. Thes. 1058, 1110 (both par. 
 of Eur. fr. 127). The cmpd. tear-: Thes. 1107 (par. Eur. fr. 
 128). The Tragg. use this verb frequently: Eur. 30; Soph. 17 ; 
 Aisch, 8, while eXeeiv is rare. Cf. Ar. Vesp. 967, 975 with Vesp. 
 393. Pax 400. Ach. 706. Prose : Xen. An. 1, 4, 7. Oik. 7, 
 40. Plato Euth. 288 D (both used). [Lysias] 2, 72. Hdt. 3, 
 52. ib. 119. 7, 38. tear- occurs Xen. Kyr. 7, 3, 14. Hdt. 1, 
 45. 4, 167. 
 
 olfjuoyj. 1 '* Only in hex. in par. : Pax 1276 (cf. II. 4, 450. 8, 
 64), 1277, 1278. Of cl. prose writers Hdt. alone has it (3, 66. 
 cf. 8, 99). 
 
 olfubfa (aTT-). 3 Only in tragic quot. : Ekkl. 392 (par. Aisch. 
 fr. 138, but changed). The simple oft. in Ar., and always has a 
 colloq. tone. The only place cnroi/Mo^a) finds in cl. prose is 
 Antiphon v. 41. 
 
 ot'5 1(5 for Trpdfiarov. Pax 929, 930 (see what Ar. says here),
 
 The Language of Parody. 43 
 
 933 (cf. 937, 940), 1018 (cf. 1022), 1076 (par.), 1077 (par). Av. 
 566. Prose : Xen. oft, Plato Rpb. 363 B (from Hesiod). 
 
 ot^o/Aat (St-). s Only in ptg. and par. : Thes. 609. Ekkl. 393 
 (= Aisch. fr. 138). Prose: Plato Phaid. 87 E. Hdt. 4, 136 
 (diff. sense). Prose : a7ro\\v/j,ai : cf. Nub. 1077. Pax 355. 
 
 oicpvoeis. 1 Once in hex. : Pax 1098 (par. II. 9, 64). See 
 i/t(/>o'et<, icpvepds, o/u</>aAoei9. 
 
 3X/&0?. 1 ' 3 ' 5 Av. 1708 (ptg. cf. trag. fr. adesp. 49). Lys. 1286. 
 Thes. 129 (ptg.). Ran. 452. Ekkl. 1129 (rpio--), 1131 (ptg.). 
 On this word see Lucian Nigr. 1. Prose: Plato Prot. 337 D. 
 Lys. 212 E (from Solon). Hdt. oft. In tragedy: Aisch. 2; 
 Soph. 4; Eur. 43. Homer about 15 times. 
 
 6\iyoSpavr)<> 4 for aaOevris. Once in anap. tetr. : Av. 686. Cf. 
 oXtyoSpavewv II. 15, 246 etc. Aisch. Pr. 548 has 6\i<yoSpavia. 
 
 ofAfta 4 for 6(f>0a\fjio<;. Only twice in trim, and both are par. 
 Ach. 1184 (par. trag. fr. adesp. 45). Here it = the sun. Nub. 
 285 (= sun), 290 (=sun), 705. Lys. 1283. Thes. 126 (ptg.), 
 665, 958. Ran. 817 (ptg.), 1354 (ptg.). Ekkl. 1 (ptg.) Oft. 
 in Homer, Pindar and trag. Prose : Thuk. 2, 1 1 (ev oupaai ; 
 but see Xen. An. 4, 5, 29. Plato Theait. 174 C. Rpb. 452 D). 
 Plato Phaidros 253 E (poetic). Tim. 45 C (poetic). Rpb. 533 
 D (cf. 519 B). Xen. Hell. 7, 1, 30. Dem. 61, 13. Aischin. 
 1, 102 (both used). 3, 121 (religious background), ib. 255. 
 
 owaroa (ef ). 3 Only in par. : Plut. 635 (Soph. fr. 644). It 
 is used in the passive, and means to be " restored to sight." 
 
 6fji,dp<ywiju (TT-, ef-). The cmpd. with euro is chiefly epic* 
 Not in cl. prose and only once in tragedy (Eur. fr. 694). Ar. 
 has it: Ach. 695, 706. Vesp. 560 (cf. Homer's aTrefwp^aro 
 odicpv). The cmpd. e^ofjuypyvvfjn may be held to be a tragic cmpd. 
 like many others already considered. It appears once in Ar. Nub. 
 1393 (tragic rhythm). See Van Leeuwen here. 
 
 oy^aXoW. 1 Only in hex.: Pax 1274 (par. cf. II. 4, 447. 3, 
 15. 8, 60), 1278. See w<oet<?, otcpvoev;. 
 
 6i;vOvpovpai* for opyi^onat (Pax 204. Cf. epeOi&nai, at Ach, 
 669. Vesp. 1104): Vesp. 501. Thes. 466. An Euripidean 
 word. 
 
 6t;vKdp8io<;. s Only in troch. tetr. : Vesp. 430, Elsewhere only
 
 44 The Language of Parody. 
 
 at Aisch. Theb. 907. See otS0u/i05 Eq. 706. Vesp. 406, 455, 
 1105. 
 
 oWf. 4 Only in hex. and lyrics : Eq. 200 (hex. and par. cf. 
 II. 8, 141). Thes. 973 (exalted tone). The Tragg. use it mostly 
 in lyric parts. No ex. of it found in prose of el. period (Plato 
 Rpb. 391 B is from Homer). Prose : SiBw/ju. 
 
 oTrXore/oo? for vewrepos. Only in hex. : Pax 1270 (par.), 1271. 
 
 oTrrevw (eV-) 3 for ^vkdrra) (Eq. 499). Only in par. : Ran. 
 1126 (= Aisch. Cho. 1), 1138 (= 1126), 1143 (taken up from 
 1126). Aisch. is fond of it. In cl. prose only Plato Legg. 951 D. 
 
 OTrvfo 9 for yafiea). Ach. 255. fr. 222, 4 (dub. 1.). No real 
 prose warrant (Plato Krat. 402 C is a poetic citation). 
 
 O7ro>9 3 ' 5 for eirei. Only in par. : Nub. 60. (See Van Leeuwen 
 a. 1. and Wittekind, p. 51). 
 
 opyrj 9 for r/ooW. Eq. 41 (cf. Vesp. 1030). Pax 752. Prose : 
 Thuk. not infreq. has it in this sense. Hdt. 6, 128 (both words). 
 As = " anger" it is quite regular and occurs oft. in Ar. See 
 Diener, p. 15. 
 
 opyia 4 ' 8 for fjLva-Tijpia or reXerai. Lys. 832 (ptg.). Thes. 948, 
 1151. Ran. 356, 384. See Rutherford N. P. p. 24, and for 
 another view the Amer. Jour. Philol., Vol. XXV, p. 304. 
 Prose : Lysias, Isaios, Plato, Hdt., so it may have been in ordi- 
 nary use as a religious word. 
 
 opej^eeo. 1 Only in iamb. tetr. : Nub. 1368. Found in Homer 
 and late epic, but not in trag. or cl. prose. 
 
 o/3/e&)/iOTe<a> 3 for ofjuw/ju. fr. 96. Not in cl. prose, though Plato 
 has 6pK(0fjLOcria and 6pica)fW(riov. 
 
 opvaireriov 11 for opveov (Av. 291, 305): Ach. 913 (a Boiotian 
 speaks). 
 
 opwpi. 1 Only in hex. : Pax 1287. Ran. 1529. The tone is 
 parodic in both. 
 
 opovco. 4 fr. 523. An epic and tragic word not found in cl. 
 prose. 
 
 oo-ioG) (/ca0-). 3 Only in ptg. : Plut. 661. Of the Tragg. only 
 by Eur. Cf. Eur. I. A. 1602 with our passage. Prose : Ovw. 
 
 QTOTV& S for K\a(a). Pax 1011. Lys. 520 (cf. Vesp. 584.
 
 The Language of Parody. 45 
 
 Ran. 34. For the thought see II. 6, 490). Thes. 1081 (bis). 
 See Av. 1043. Not in cl. prose. Cf. tragic ororot. 
 
 O#Xy/i7ro9 4> 5 for "OXu/iTTO?. Only in par. : Eq. 9 (cf. Eur. 
 H. F. 872. I. A. 577). 
 
 ofyayo^/o??. 1 ' 5 Never in trim.: Nub. 357, 459 (par. cf. II. 
 10, 212. Od. 9, 20). In both the tone is lofty. Prose: Hdt. 
 
 2, 138. See espec. Arist. Rhet, III, 7, 11. 
 
 6'x#o5. 4>5 Only in par. and lyrics: Av. 774. Thes. 1105 
 (Eur. fr. 125). Ran. 1172 (= Aisch. Cho. 4). See Rutherford 
 N. P. p. 25, note 8. Prose : Xen. Hipp. 6, 5. 8, 3. Re Eq. 
 
 3, 7. Hdt. 4, 203. 8, 52. ity^XoV, aicpov are reg. prose words, 
 o-^r 4 for (fxovtj. Only in the higher tone : Pax 400 (prayer to 
 
 Hermes), 805 (of a tragic poet). Thes. 127 (ptg.). With Pax 
 400 cf. Vesp. 572. Not in cl. prose. 
 
 / 
 
 n 
 
 Trdyxy 1 ' 5 for trdw. Once in hex. : Ran. 1531 (par. Aisch. fr. 
 36). In cl. prose only Hdt. Prose : oXw?, jrdw. See 7ra/x.7rai/. 
 
 Trai&evo) (ai>a-). 3 ' 8 Only in par.: Eq. 1099 (par. Soph. fr. 
 447, 2). 
 
 irai^a) (e/*-)- 3 Thes. 975 (a senarian in the midst of lyric 
 lines). See Wittekind p. 34. 
 
 Traico (Trapa-} 3> 8 for Trapacfrpovea) (freq. in Ar.), TrapaTrX^TTO/iat 
 (Lys. 831. Ekkl. 139), paivopai. Never in trim. : Pax 90 
 (ptg.). Plut. 508. In cl. prose Plato only: Symp. 173 E 
 (coupled with /j-aivofiai). 
 
 Trauav 5 for tar/30?. Only in par.: Plut. 636 (cf. Soph. fr. 
 644). In the same sense : Aisch. Ag. 99. Soph. Ph. 168. Not 
 in cl. prose. 
 
 7raXa//,ao/i<u 3 for /3ouXeu&>, fju]%avdofj,cu, re^vdofiai (Ach. 445. 
 Vesp. 176, 870, 1106, etc.): Ach. 659 (par. Eur. fr. 918). 
 Nub. 176 (of Sokrates). Pax 94 (par. Eur. Bellerophon). Used 
 by Eur. alone of the Tragg. At Vesp. 645 TraXa/not = wxavat. 
 Prose : Xen. Kyr. 4, 3, 17 (only place in cl. prose). 
 
 TrdXij 3 for ^d^. Only in par. : fr. 558, 2 (cf. Aisch. Cho. 
 866. Eur. Herakl. 159). As = " wrestling " (Eq. 1238) it is 
 good prose.
 
 46 The Language of Parody. 
 
 for crewo. Only in par. : Ach. 965 (cf. Aisch. Sept. 
 385). Av. 1714 (cf. trag. fr. adesp. 49). Ran. 1317 (= Eur. 
 El. 435), 1358 (a/*-. Schol. says e/c Kprjr&v EvparfBov). As = 
 "to leap:" Ran. 345. Lys. 1304, 1310 (a/*-). For Plut. 695 
 avTrav6fji,r)v is better. Prose : Hdt. 4 times. Plato Krat. 407 A. 
 [Ax.] 368 C. Nowhere else in cl. prose. See tcpaSaiva. 
 
 Tra/j/Sao-i'Xeta. 1 Nub. 357, 1150 (both lofty tone). Note the 
 epic words in these lines. Not in cl. prose. 
 
 TrdftTrav 1 ' 5 for TTCK/U, TravreXoK. Only in hex.: Pax 121. 
 Prose : Plato 6 times ; Xen. 7. Hdt. 2, 45. In tragedy by 
 Eur. only. Homer 39 times. See Trdy^v. 
 
 7ra/^>a^5. 3 Only in ptg. : Av. 1 709 (cf. trag. fr. adesp. 49). 
 
 Travvo-rarov. 3 Once in par. : Ach. 1184 (cf. trag. fr. adesp. 
 45). See also Eur. Alk. 164. Prose : Aischines 3, 245 (passion- 
 ate line). The reg. prose expression is ra reXevrata. 
 
 7rai>6Xe0/J09. 3 ' 5 Only in an old proverb and par.: Av. 1239 
 (par. cf. Aisch. Ag. 535). Lys. 1039 (bis). Prose : Hdt. 6, 37. 
 -jrava>\e8pia Hdt. 2, 120. 
 
 TraTreu. 3 Ach. 1214. Lys. 215. A tragic word well suits the 
 subject here. For similar situations where tragic words are used 
 with ludicrous effect see under <u'0o?, 0e/>fto/8oi>Xo9). Plut. 220. 
 At Vesp. 309 (nrairal (note close connection with the following 
 par. of Euripides' Theseus). Prose : Plato Legg. 704 B. Hdt. 
 8, 26. 
 
 TrapSatcos 2 for 1/7/309. Only in troch. tetr. : Pax 1148. Cf. 
 Archil. 129. 
 
 7ra/>o9 4 ' 5 for Trpb rov (freq. in Ar.) : Eq. 1337. Vesp. 1536 
 (only two places in comedy). In the first the whole scene is a 
 picture of the old-time Athens, and in the second the tone is 
 parodic. In cl. prose only Hdt. 9, 2. Homer and Eur. have it. 
 
 TTcuro-o) 4 for Kara-rrcurcm (Eq. 99, 502, 968. Nub. 177, 262): 
 Nub. 912, 1330. Pax 1074 (par.). Not in cl. prose since Plato 
 Rpb. 408 A is from Homer. 
 
 Trareopai 1 ' 5 for <yevo/j,ai (Ach. 188, 191). Only in hex. : Pax 
 1092 (par.), 1281 (par.). Prose: Hdt. It occurs once in Aisch. 
 and Soph. See Wittekind. 
 
 for Trarpk (freq. in Ar.). Hardly outside of parody :
 
 The Language of Parody. 47 
 
 Ach. 147. Thes. 136 (cf. Aiscli.fr. 61). Ran. 1163, 1427 (Eur. 
 fr. incert. 886). Not in cl. prose. Ar. never uses the Ionic form 
 ], so he used Trdrpa deliberately as a tragic word. 
 
 * for 6X470?. Only in anap. tetr. : Pax 764. Note the 
 alliteration here, which may have influenced the choice of this 
 word. Not in cl. prose (Plato Phaid. 69 C is from some poet.) 
 
 7reSa/mo<? 3 for fterecopo? (Eq. 1367. Nub. 264, 266. Av. 818 
 cf. 690). Once in par. : Av. 1197 (tr. frag, adesp. 47). Aisch. 
 alone of the Tragg. uses it. TreSaipew, however, occurs in Eur. 
 See lAerdpa-ios. 
 
 TreSiXov 4 for vTroSij/jLara. Only in oracular language and par. : 
 Av. 973, 974 (oracular). Thes. 1099 (Eur. fr. 124). In cl. 
 prose only Hdt. 7. 67 and 75. In trag. only Eur. 
 
 TreSov 3 for TreSiov, e'Sa^o?, 777. Only in par. or lyrics : Nub. 
 573. Av. 1757. Thes. 856 (= Eur. Hel. 2). Plut. 772. First 
 in h. Horn. Ceres 455, then oft. in Pindar and Eur. Not in cl. 
 prose. 
 
 7reipdofj,ai (e/e-) 3 for simple (Vesp. 1129 and oft.): Eq. 1234 
 (see Bakhuyzen). Lys. 1113 (tragic rhythm in both places). 
 Prose : [Plato] Epist. 362 E. Hdt. 3, 135. 
 
 TreKQ) for tcetpco. Nub. 1356 (an allusion to Simonides 15). 
 The form Tre/crew occurs Av. 714. Lys. 685. 
 
 Tre'Xai/o?. 3 Once in par. : Plut. 661. Freq. in tragedy. Prose: 
 Plato Legg. 782 C. See Van Leeuwen's note. 
 
 Tre'Xo) 1 for elfjii. Once in hex. : Pax 1276. Here yiyvofAat 
 would have been the natural word. Aisch. has it about 30 times, 
 but it is far less common in Soph, and Eur. Prose : Hdt. 7, 140 
 (oracle). Plato (only in epic quot.). 
 
 TreXoi/oto?. 1 Once in ptg. : Av. 321 (cf. Aisch. Prom. 151). 
 Only place in comedy, nor is it found in cl. prose. It is rare in 
 trag. Arist. has a commentary on it. Rhet. 3, 7, 11 (read from 
 ra 8e ovd/^ara- on). Cf. Plato Ion. 539 C (from Homer). 
 
 jremxpos 2 for Trevijs (freq. in Ar.). Once in par. : Plut. 976 
 (cf. Alkaios fr. 50). Prose : Plato Rpb. 578 A (of a tyrant's 
 soul). Demosth. 19, 255 (elegy of Solon). 
 
 TrerrXw/ia 3 for TrerrXo?. Only in ptg. : Ach. 426 (cf. fr. adesp. 
 42. Eur. Supp. 97). Throughout tragedy. Not in cl. prose.
 
 48 The Language of Parody. 
 
 7repiKa\\r}<;. 4 ' 5 Thes. 282. Freq. in Homer. Neither in trag. 
 nor Attic prose. Hdt. 5, 60 (oracle). 7, 5. 
 
 7re/3t7TTu%r;. 3 Once in par. : Av. 1241 (cf. Nauck Trag. Graec. 
 Fr. p. 507). Euripidean word not found in cl. prose, though 
 
 is used by Plato and Xen. 
 
 1 for iwrpcuricw (Ach. 734. Vesp. 179. Pax 1011): 
 Eq. 176 (oracular flavor). The only other place in Attic Greek 
 is Eur. Kykl. 271. 
 
 Tre/oo-eTToXi?. 2 Only in troch. tetr. : Nub. 967 (quot. from the 
 dithyrambic poet Lamprokles). Neither in Homer nor in cl. 
 prose. See Aisch. Pers. 65. Call. Lav. Pall. 4, 3. 
 
 Trerrjo-o pai, 10 for irrrfffOfiaL (Vesp. 208) : Pax 77 (par. Eur. fr. 
 306), 1126. 
 
 Trevicr) 3 for Sax (freq. in Ar.) or Xa/ATrcfc. Only in par. : Nub. 
 604 (cf. 1494). Ran. 1212 (both are par. of Eur. fr. 752.) 
 Used by no cl. prose writer in this sense. 
 
 TrrjKrd 5 probably for 6vpa or KtjK'Xfc (Eq. 641. Vesp. 124). 
 Once in par. : Ach. 478 (cf. Eur. fr. 1003 and Ar. Lys. 265). 
 
 TTTjX^ 1 for icpdvos (Ach. 584, 1104. Pax 1255). Only in 
 heroic tone: Ran. 1017 (Aisch.). Note Kpavo7roiwv in fol. line. 
 Not in cl. prose. See rpv(f>d\eia. 
 
 7rr)fj,a(va) 4 for BXairro). Once in iamb. tetr. : Ach. 842 (see 
 Av. 1642 for an exactly parallel use of /SXaTrrw). Prose: Hdt. 
 Plato (esp. Legg.). The noun vr^ita at Plato Ion 538 D is from 
 Homer; Hdt. 1, 67 is an oracle; Aischines 3, 135 is from 
 Hesiod. 
 
 7rtO(bv 3 < 5 for TretW. Ran. 1168 (Eur.). Plut. 949 (tragic 
 metre). Cf. Pindar P. 3, 28. Aisch. Pr. 560. 
 
 TTto-yz/o? 3 for TTtcrreiW. Never in trim. : Nub. 949 (a hit at 
 Eur. who is identified with the dSiieos Xoyo?). Vesp. 385. Pax 
 84 (par. Eur. Bellerophon). In cl. Attic prose : Thuk. 2, 89, 6. 
 5, 14, 3. 6, 2, 6. These are the only places in Attic, but Hdt. 
 has the word several times and it is found in the epos and tragedy. 
 
 TTirvXevco. 4 Once in anap. tetr.: Vesp. 678 (see Van Leeuwen). 
 Ribbeck compares II. 24, 341. Nowhere else in extant literature. 
 See TTtruXos. 
 
 3 ' 4 Once in hex. : fr. 84. In the same sense : Eur,
 
 The Language of Parody. 49 
 
 Tr. 1123. I. T. 1050, 1346. Aisch. Pers. 975. It is used 
 freq. in trag. and of various sounds. Cf. Theok. 22, 127. Not 
 in cl. prose. 
 
 TrXaSSida) 7 for 7rapa(f>pove(o or Xrjpelv perhaps (cf. Nub. 367) : 
 Lys. 171 (Lamp.), 990 (Lak. herald). 
 
 7rXa. 3 Once in par. : Ran. 1438 (Eur. speaks ; cf. Eur. fr. 
 578, 4. Find. P. 1, 24). Not in cl. prose, but Arist. has it in 
 anatomical descriptions. 
 
 TrXa-n; 3 for Kcwrr) and vavs. Only by Eur. and his relative 
 where there is a touch of parody: Thes. 770-773 (an echo from 
 the Palamedes). Ran. 1207 (= Eur. fr. 846, 2). Freq. in Eur. 
 Not in cl. prose. 
 
 7rXe/eo9 3 ' 4 for fcavovv (Ach. 243, 253. Pax 948. Av. 850). 
 Twice in par. : Ach. 454 (cf. a-jrvpiSiov at 453, and for the par. 
 Eur. fr. 717). Pax 528 (cf. Eur. fr. 727% but he has re/co?). 
 Homer and the Tragg. use 7rXe/co> and TrXe/cro?, but TrXe/co? occurs 
 only at Eur. Ion 39 (Herwerden's conj. for tr/cOro?, the reading of 
 both L and P. Prinz reads ACI/TO?. TrXe/eo? occurs nowhere else 
 in the literature. See TrXo'/ea/io?. 
 
 7r\eKTavr] s (cf. TrXe/eTTj Plato Com. <I>a. 1, 16). Once in par.: 
 Av. 1717 (cf. II. 1, 317. Aisch. Pr. 394, and for the par. cf. trag. 
 fr. adesp. 49). Not found in the epos nor in cl. prose, where 
 would probably suffice. See 7rXoW/io<?. 
 
 5 - 6 for yeiTwv (freq. in Ar.). Only once : Vesp. 
 393 (cf. 389). Prose : Plato Legg. 737 C (see just below). 
 Thuk. 4, 79, 2. Xen. Kyr. 4, 5, 35. Hdt. freq. 
 
 TrXiWo^at. 1 Probably only in par.: Ach. 217 (atro- a par.). 
 Cf. Od. 6, 318 (simple). Archil. 52 (Sia-). Not in cl. prose. 
 
 TrXo'/ca/io? 4 for which Ar. elsewhere uses KUCIWO? (Vesp. 1069. 
 fr. 218). Once in a dithyrambic phrase : Nub. 336. In tragedy : 
 Eur. 15 times; Aisch. 6 ; Soph, uses TrXoW?. Prose: Xen. Ven. 
 9, 12 (=a rope). Hdt. 4, 34. See TrXe/co?, TrXe/CTain;, /So'a-rpu^o?. 
 
 Trvori 4 for Trvevfia. Only in lines of exalted tone: Nub. 161 
 (cf. 164, where the pupil forgets to keep up his high discourse). 
 Av. 1396, 1397 (Kinesias). Thes. 43 (ptg.). Ran. 154 (Herakl.), 
 313. Eur. is fond of the word. In cl. prose only Thuk. 4, 100.
 
 50 The Language of Parody. 
 
 Plato Krat. 419 D is only for etymology. Still see the cmpds. 
 avcnrvor) and etcTrvorj in general. 
 
 7ro0etw9. 3 ' 8 Only in ptg. or excited passages : Ach. 886 (ptg.). 
 Pax 556. Av. 696 (cf. Soph. O. R. 156). Ran. 84 (cf. Eur. 
 Phoin. 320). Both adj. and noun are freq. in Eur. Prose: 
 Plato Legg. 932 A. Lysis 215 B. [Lysias] 2, 73. Thuk. 2, 
 42, 4. Xen. freq. See l/j,eip(o, tftepos. 
 
 iro\ep%a> 1 for TroXe/Wft). Nub. 419. Pax 759 (cf. 754). 
 Thes. 807 (there is a par. of Homer at 810). Not in trag. nor 
 cl. prose. 
 
 7To\vtcoipavo$. 3 Once in par. : Ran. 1270 (Aisch. fr. 238). 
 An Aischylean word : cf. 7ro\vKoipavir). II. 2, 204. See tcoipavos. 
 
 TroXu/ieT/309. 3 Once in par.: Ran. 1240 ( Eur. fr. 516). 
 Elsewhere only Athen. 608 D. 
 
 Only in anap. tetr. : Vesp. 351 (see line). 
 Never in trim. : Eq. 1328 (following Pindar's 
 praise of Athens). Ran. 324 (so Van Leeuwen, but Bergk reads 
 TToXyrt/A^rot?). Elsewhere: Eur. Ion 1074 (lyric); cf. h. Horn. 
 25, 7. Not in Homer, Hesiod, Pindar. See TroXvv/ii^ro? Pind. 
 N. II, 5. 
 
 TroXi^a/n'Sa?. 7 Lys. 1008, 1242. See the Attic word at Plut. 
 788. 
 
 TroWo?. 3 Only in par. or lyrics: Pax 140 (probably a par. of 
 Eur. Bellerophon). Av. 251. Thes. 322, 872 (cf. trag. fr. adesp. 
 64). Ran. 1341 (ptg.). Chiefly tragic, but found in Pindar and 
 h. Horn. 21, 3. Not in cl. prose. See tfaXarrto? (Vesp. 1519. 
 Av. 1333. Plut. 396). 
 
 7ropipo<} s for eforo/ao? (Vesp. 1112. Ekkl. 236). Hardly 
 outside of par. or ptg. : Pax 1031 (cf. Aisch. Pr. 908). Thes. 
 777 (par. Eur. Palamedes perhaps). Ran. 1429 (par. cf. trag. 
 fr. incert. 886, 3). Prose: Thuk. 8, 76, 3. Plato Symp. 203 D 
 (nowhere else in cl. prose). See foil. word. 
 
 TTo/305 3 for \M) i xavT). Only in par. or ptg. ; Vesp. 308. Pax 
 124 (Eur. fr. 669). Thes. 769 (ptg.) cf. 765. See TTO/W/IO?. 
 
 TroW 3 Only in par. : Thes. 866 (Eur. Hel. 49), 901, 914 
 (cf. Eur. Hel. 627). Freq. in Homer, Pindar, tragedy (esp. 
 Eur.). Prose word is avrjp.
 
 The Language of Parody. 51 
 
 Trorao/icu. 4 Only in the higher style : Nub. 319 (Strepsiades 
 adopts Sokrates' manner). Pax 830 (mockery of dithyrambic 
 poets). Av. 251, 1338 (par. Soph. fr. 435), 1445 (of. Eur. El. 
 177). 
 
 Trpayos 3 for -jrpa^^a. Only in par. or ptg. : Av. 112. Lys. 
 706 (par. Eur. fr. 699). Not in cl. prose. 
 
 Trpepvov 3 for xpfjfjLa, etc. Only in par. or ptg. : Av. 321. 
 Lys. 267 (cf. /co/a/to?, 255). Ran. 903 (avroirpefjivois cf. Aisch. 
 Eum. 401. Sept. 1056, and Trpopptfrs used in the same sense at 
 Ran. 587). Not in cl. prose in this meaning. See Trpode\vnvos. 
 
 jrpevfjiev^ 3 for Trpaos. Once in par. : fr. 21. Not in cl. prose. 
 
 7rpo/3\r)fjLa. l > 4 Once in par. : Vesp. 615 (Homeric color). See 
 Van Leeuwen here. Prose : Plato freq. Xen. Kyr. 6, 1, 51. 
 Demosth. 45, 69. Hdt. 4, 175. 7, 70. 
 
 7r/>o0e'Xy/*z/o9 l for apSrjv. Eq. 528. Pax 1210 (ptg.). Not in 
 trag. nor cl. prose. See Trpdppi&s and avTOTrpeftvois (under 
 
 ' 5 for apSrjv (Thes. 274) : Ran. 587. See Wittekind. 
 Once in cl. prose : Andok. 1, 146 (an imit. of Soph. El. 765). 
 See Trpode\v/jivo<;. 
 
 7r/)ocre/u,$e/D?7<? 3i 5 for cfyioto?. fr. 460 7rapa,7r\rj<rio<; is also in 
 good prose usage. Our word is found in cl. prose only in Xen. 
 and Hdt. : Xen. Symp. 4, 19 (a gloss). Hdt. 4, 2. The tragic 
 fragments show it 4 times. See t/ceXo?, e/A^e/3^?. 
 
 Tr/ao^oT; 4 for aro/jLa (Ekkl. 1107). Only in anap. tetr. : Nub. 
 272. Found in epic and lyric poets, but it fades out in tragedy 
 after Aisch. Not in cl. prose. 
 
 7r/3o%oo9 4 for vSpia (Vesp. 926. Ekkl. 678). Only in anap. 
 tetr. : Nub. 272. Once in cl. prose : Xen. Kyr. 5, 2, 7. See 
 017709. 
 
 TTTepoSdvyros 2 (cf. aepoSdvrjro^. A word coined for par. : Av. 
 1390, 1402 (mockery of Kinesias). See Soveca. 
 
 TrTe/soet?. 4 Only in anap. tetr. : Av. 576, 698. fr. 224. 
 Familiar in Homer in the phrase eVea Tnepdevra. See w<o'et?. 
 
 TrTe/Jo^o/ao?. 3 ' 8 Av. 1714 (ptg. cf. trag. fr. adesp. 49 and Av. 
 576), 1757. Not in cl. prose. 
 
 TTTWO (cnro-) 3 in the signif. " to abominate." Only in par. :
 
 52 The Language of Parody. 
 
 Pax 528 (Eur. fr. 727). Prose: Xen. Mem. 1, 2, 54. Kyr. 
 
 1, 2, 16 (both mean to "spit out"). See cnroTrrvo-TO? 3 at Eq. 
 1285. It is not in the Orators who use KaraTrrvcrro^. 
 
 Trv/cvds 3 for XeTTTo?, Seto'<? (freq. in Ar.). Only in ptg. and 
 lyrics: Ach. 445 (ptg.). Av. 430. Thes. 438. Ekkl. 571. 
 Prose : Plato Rpb. 568 A. Hdt. 7, 141 (oracle). 
 
 TrvvBdvofjiai (eV-) 3 for the simple (freq. in Ar.) : Ekkl. 752. 
 Plut. 60. These tragic cmpds. have, perhaps, a slightly more 
 picturesque effect than the simple verb, but often Ar. seems not 
 to be trying for any poetic effect when using them. 
 
 Trvpyoco 3 for 7raipa>. Only in anap. tttr. : Pax 749. Ran. 
 1004 (to Aisch. Cf. Anthol. Pal. 7, 39). Eur. is fond of it. Not 
 in cl. prose in this sense. 
 
 7Tvp<f>6po<;. s ' s Only in par.: Av. 1248 (Aisch. fr. 160, 2), 
 1750. Thes. 1050 (cf. Eur. fr. 122). Prose: Xen. Lak. 13, 2 
 (of the priest who kept the sacrificial fire). So Hdt. 8, 6. Thuk. 
 
 2, 75 (of arrows). 
 
 as="an ox-hide shield." Once in hex.: Pax 1274 
 (par. cf. II. 3, 15. 4, 446). Chiefly epic but also Eur. Rhes. 
 784 (in diff. sense). Not in cl. prose. 
 
 poa* Only in par. : Thes. 855 (= Eur. Hel. 1), 865 (= Eur. 
 Hel. 52). Eur. uses it of all kinds of fluids. Prose: Plato 
 Theait. 152 E (Homeric suggestion. Here it means " flux"), ib. 
 206 D (figur.). Krat. 402 A (Trora/iov. Homer and Herakleitos 
 are in Plato's mind). Not elsewhere in cl. prose, but freq. in the 
 epos and tragedy. Prose word = pevpa. 
 
 polfiSos. 4 ' 8 Only in anap. tetr. : Nub. 407 (Sokrates. Cf. Av. 
 1182. Soph. Ant. 1004). Eustathios says it is Aiolic for poi&s. 
 Hesych. gives pdy%o<;. Not in cl. prose. 
 
 po%r)/jba. 4 ' s Once in ptg. : Av. 1182 (Van Leeuwen compares 
 II. 10, 502. 16, 361, etc.). The word is very rare, occurring 
 only here and Lucian Jup. Trag. 1. Muse. Enc. 2. 
 
 pua^ero? 7 for 7rX?)#o?, 0^X09, <ru/>06T09. Lys. 170 (Lamp.) 
 Cf. Vesp. 666, 673.
 
 The Language of Parody. 53 
 
 (7ra/>ei>-). 2 Only in par. : Plut. 291 (Philoxenos 
 Kyklops fr. 11 Bgk.). See foil. word. 
 
 o-a'Xo?. 3 Once in par. : Thes. 872 (cf. trag. fr. adesp. 64). 
 Eur. shows a fondness for the word, and Nauck thinks that this 
 is a par. of some verse of his. Prose : [Lysias] 6, 49. cf. (Soph. 
 Ant, 163). 
 
 <r\ayeofjiai* Ach. 924, 925. Nub. 285, 604. Eur. El. 714 
 is the only other instance in Attic poetry. It does not appear in 
 the epos nor in cl. prose. See <reXa?. 
 
 o-e'Xa? 1 ' 3 for </>a>9. Once in ptg. : Av. 1711 (cf. trag. fr. 
 adesp. 49). It is common in Homer and tragedy. Prose : Plato 
 Krat. 409 B (see the passage. Plato does not really use the 
 word as his own). Hdt. 3, 28. Aristotle. See word above. 
 
 a-Bevco 4 ' 9 for Svva/jiat. Plut. 912. Also in good prose. See 
 Rutherford N. P. p. 10. 
 
 <riSr)po@pieri<;. s Once in par.: Ran. 1402 (= Eur. fr. 531). 
 Euripidean word. 
 
 ovea<o9 3>8 for z/aw, Tpt^pf]^. Only in par. or ptg. : Ach. 541, 
 545. Vesp. 29 (diff. sense). Lys. 139 (cf. Soph. fr. 860). 
 Thes. 877. Ran. 1382 (= Eur. Med. 1). Still the word is not 
 rare in good prose: Dem. 9, 69. 14, 22. 23, 165 (see 4 lines 
 above). 59, 95 (see 4 words before). Thuk. 1, 50. Hdt. 7, 
 182. Compare our poetic and prosaic use of "bark," and the 
 commercial phrase " carried in foreign bottoms." 
 
 oWXXeo (a-Tro-). 3 ' 4 Only in ptg. : Vesp. 160. 
 
 cr/CT/TTTd) (/cara-) 3 for eTTLTrhrro). Only in par. : fr. 558, 2. 
 Prose: Thuk. 2, 49, 8. Xen. Mem. 4, 3, 14 (e 7 -). Hdt. 7, 
 134. ib. 137. 8, 65. 
 
 <oVeXo9. 4 Nub. 273. Ran. 471 (par. cf. Eur. fr. 176, 3). 
 Common in Homer and Eur. Not in cl. prose. 
 
 (T/ie/aSaXeo? l for <o/3e/)09, e/cTrX^Acrt/to'?. Only in a parodic 
 passage : Av. 553. Here the subject justifies the word. 
 
 (Tirapdffcro) (Sm-). 3 ' 8 Only in a par. : Ran. 474 (see Bakhuyzeu). 
 Elsewhere we find it Aisch. Pers. 195. Eubul. Ai^y. 1. Lucian 
 Icarom. 21. Cl. prose writers use Siaa-Trow. Cf. Siaa-TrapaKrov
 
 54 The Language of Parody. 
 
 a-(0fj,a (Eur. Bak. 1220). In simple our word is used by 
 Demosth. and Ar. Ach. 688. Pax 641. Ran. 424. 
 
 a-Trari^rj. 5 Once by an Ionian : Pax 48. For equiv. see Ach. 
 1169. Pax 162. 
 
 trir\dyxva s for tcapSta (Nub. 1391. Ean. 1006 etc.) : Nub. 
 1036. Ran. 844, 1006. 
 
 <nro8eo) (Kara-). 3 Thes. 560. Aischylean word. Not in cl. 
 prose. 
 
 (nropd 3 for 701/7;, o-Tre/3/ia. Only in par. : fr. 297 (cf. Aisch. 
 fr. 56). 
 
 (rraQfJuk 3 for 1) oltcia. 2) rpvrdvij or TrXdarty^. In the first 
 sense only in par. : Ach. 449 (cf. Eur. El. 1150. trag. fr. adesp. 
 44). In the second signif. : Ran. 1365 (cf. 1378), 1381, 1407. 
 The meaning is doubtful at fr. 287. 
 
 arrareco (-Tra/aa-) 3 for Tra/jwrra/iat or j3or)0Q>. Thes. 370. Ekkl. 
 9 (ptg.). The cmpd. av^jrapa Ran. 385. Ekkl. 15 (ptg.). 
 Neither cmpd. occurs in cl. prose. See avfnrapaa-rdrri'j. 
 
 o-ra%y? 3 for <9e>o? or <f>opd. Eq. 393 (cf. 392). Ran. 1240 
 (par. Eur. fr. 516). Not in cl. prose rare in the epos freq. 
 in Eur. 
 
 a-revd^a) 1 for a-revd^a). Ach. 548. Never in cl. prose, and in 
 trag. only in chorus. 
 
 (TT(\j3a>. 4 Never in trim. : Pax 567 (Sta-). Av. 697. fr. 8, 1 
 (Sta-). In cl. prose : Plato only. Cf. the proper names at Av. 
 131, 1032. At fr. 561 o-Tt'X/fy == a lamp. 
 
 o-rt^e?. 1 Only in par. : Eq. 163. Chiefly epic but also tragic. 
 Never in cl. prose. 
 
 o-roXo?. 3 Av. 46 (cf. 42). Lys. 93 (= a band. So Aisch. 
 often). In the signif. "voyage" Xen. An. 1, 3, 16. Thuk. 8, 
 9 (= expeditio). See Soph. O. C. 358. Ph. 244. Hdt. has it 
 freq. and in various meanings. 
 
 o-rparto? 4 ' 5 for TroXe/u/co? or <oySe/>o9. Vesp. 618 (o-TpaTiov 
 Karen-apSev). Prose: Hdt. 5, 119. Aristotle. For the use of 
 poetic words in vulgar situations see under iratral. 
 
 o-rvyepos. 1 ' 3 Only in ptg. : Ach. 1191, 1207. Common in the 
 epos and trag. See o-n*y&>. 
 
 1 ' 3 Only in par. or lyric lines : Ach. 33 (trag. fr,
 
 The Language of Parody. 55 
 
 adesp. 41), 472 (Eur. fr. 568). Thes. 1144. Not in cl. prose. 
 See (TTwyepos. 
 
 <rTv<f>e\i<y/jio<> l for \oi8opia, v/Spts, /u,e/A$i5. Only in anap. tetr. : 
 Eq. 537. SeeWittekindand Jungiuss. v. a-rv(j>e\%ci> is Homeric. 
 
 (yv^trapacrrdrri^^ Plut. 326. Elsewhere only Soph. Ph. 675. 
 See o-rareo) (jrapa-"). 
 
 <rvva\idco 7 for crvva6poi%a> (Lys. 585) : Lys. 93 (Lamp.). 
 
 (Twe^es for a-we^us (Ran. 915) : Eq. 21 (par. Eur. Hipp. 
 345-351). 
 
 <r<f>e l for cr$a9. Only in a burlesque oracle : Eq. 1020 (hex.). 
 Found also in trag. 
 
 ffQpiydv. 3 ' 5 Nub. 799. Lys. 80. Cl. Attic prose only Plato 
 Legg. 840 B. The Scholiast explains the word by eixrOevel, 
 eva-w/jLarei. Not in the epos but found in trag. : Eur. Andr. 196. 
 Supp. 478. Ach. 4, 2 p. 747 Nauck. In the prose of Hippo- 
 krates. See Jungius under <r<ppiyo<;. 
 
 a-^eBov l used of place and time. Only in epic parody : Pax 
 1273 (cf. II. 3, 15). Ar. ordinarily uses 7r\r}(riov in this sense. 
 
 <r%T\io<;* for roXfjujpos, <wyu.o9, a0\ios. Ach. 360 (ptg.). Nub. 
 485. Ran. 116, 1049, 1476. Used in place of atfXto? it is prob. 
 felt as a tragic word, as it occurs freq. in Eur. (cf. Hdt. 3, 155). 
 In the sense of " cruel, shocking, abominable " it appears sometimes 
 in prose: Plato Gorg. 467 B. Isok. 6, 56. 18, 35. Xen. An. 
 7, 6, 30. Hdt. 6, 138 ; but in all these it is confined to things, 
 never being used of persons. In the meaning " wicked " it is 
 used of persons in good prose. 
 
 o-<c0 (e*-)- 3 Only in par. : Pax 1301 (hex.). The Schol. says 
 it is a par. of Archilochos. Freq. in Soph., and in the following 
 places in Attic prose: Dem. 19, 299 (see six lines above). Plato 
 Gorgias 486 B. ib. 508 C. Not in Hdt. 
 
 y 7 for rai? (cf. Ach. 600) : Lys. 105 (Lamp.). 
 
 for qyefjuav. Eq. 159. Aisch. likes the word. Prose: 
 Xen. Hell. 6, 4, 28. See on a/a^e'Xao?. 
 
 Ta\avpivo<;. 1 Only in the mock-heroic tone : Ach. 964 (par. 
 Aisch. Sept. 384). Pax 241. Homer has it as an epithet of Ares.
 
 56 The Language of Parody. 
 
 Tavpo<f>dyos. s Only in par. : Ran. 357 (cf. Soph. fr. 607). See 
 Meineke Com. fr. 1 p. 52. 
 
 re77&>. 3 Never in trim. : Lys. 550 (= to relent. Cf. Plato 
 Legg. 880 E, and s. v. /LiaXarro/Aat). Ran. 1311 (par. Eur. fr. 
 856). Here the sense = " to wet." With Lys. 550 cf. Thes. 
 1047. In cl. prose Plato only. 
 
 rercvov.* Nearly always in passages of tragic tone : Ach. 891 
 (ptg.). Nub. 1165 (par. Eur. Hek. 172 ff.), 1169 (ptg.). Vesp. 
 1518 (par.). Lys. 7 (here used by a woman in addressing another 
 woman of her own age). Thes. 469 (cf. Eur. Med. 714 ff.), 698, 
 754, 755, 1062 (Eur.), 1181 (Eur.), 1198. Ran. 211 (lyr.), 1322 
 (ptg.), 1356 (par.), fr. 125, 1-3. 461 (par.) 585, 1 (par.). Cf. 
 Thes. 752 and 761. traiSiov is used by mothers in speaking of 
 their children at Ekkl. 86 (92), 549. Xen. and Hdt. have it of 
 the young of animals, which indicates the poetic nature of the 
 word. It is freq. in Homer and tragedy. Pindar has it 5 times. 
 
 re/co?. 1 Only in a par. : Plut. 292 (Philoxenos fr. lip. 1263 
 Bgk.). Chiefly epic : Homer 56 times ; Hesiod 4 ; Pindar 3 ; 
 Aisch. 4 ; Eur. 7. Prose : Thuk. 3, 104, 3 (re/ceeo-o-t). 
 
 TCKraivopai 3> 8 for wxavdopai. Ach. 660 (par. Eur. fr. 918, 2). 
 Eq. 462. Prose : It occurs in our transferred sense Plato Soph. 
 224 D. Cf. Tim. 91 A. Dernosth. 34, 48. See on iraXafuiofuu. 
 
 TCKTCOV 4 used of poets is poetic. Eq. 530 (a title of a song by 
 fcratinos). Cf. Pind. N. 5, 90. P. 3, 113. As used at Pax 
 296. Av. 1134, 1154 it is prosaic. 
 
 reXXo) (eVt-, Tre/at-.). The cmpd. eVt- is epic, occurring only 
 once in a mock-oracle : Av. 977 (hex.). The only place in trag. 
 is Aisch. Pr. 100 (diff. sense). Prose equiv. are 
 eTUTaTTcu. The cmpd. Tre/JireXXo/iat, for TrXypovfjiai, 
 Treptepxo/j,ai is also epic. It occurs once in an anapaestic line : 
 Av. 696 (poetic), cf. Soph. O. T. 156. II. 2, 551. Od 11, 295. 
 Alkaios fr. 39. Not in cl. prose. 
 
 repas 3> 5 as meaning " portent." Pax 42 (in trim, only here). 
 Av. 280. Thes. 701 (parodic). Ran. 1343, 1371 (all lyric). 
 The usual prose word is 0av/ia, but our word is common in Hdt. 
 In Attic prose only in the meaning " monster." See Kvo>Sa\ov.
 
 The Language of Parody. 57 
 
 TTpa7TTpv\\i<} u for aKpk (Ach. 1116, 1117) or Trdpvoty (Ach. 
 150. Av. 185, 588. cf. Pausanias 1, 24, 8) : Ach. 871. 
 
 rer/jaTTTiXo?. 1 Only in par. : Ach. 1082. Probably a coined 
 word. See Jungius s. v., and the Homeric rerpa^aX^o? and 
 TerpaTrrepos (Soph. fr. 26). 
 
 TTTiyo<f>dpas. 2 Eq. 1331. For like terminations see Ach. 
 567, 570. Nub. 122, 336. Ekkl. 645 (cf. Eur. Phoin. 119). 
 Van Leeuwen (Eq. 1331) gives other references. 
 
 Tfyvao-fjka. 3 Once in ptg. : Thes. 198 (Agathon). Not in cl. 
 prose except Xen. Hell. 6, 4, 7, and only twice in trag. : Eur. 
 Or. 1052, 1560. 
 
 rr)\avyri<t. 1 ' 2 Av. 1092, 1711 (ptg.). Found in the Homeric 
 hymns, Pindar and the Anthology. Once in trag. : Soph. Tr. 524 
 (lyric). See the similar word Tt)\e(f>avii<;, which Ar. has only in a 
 lyric line : Nub. 281. 
 
 TrjXeTropot. 2 Only in the title of a song by the poet Kydias : 
 Nub. 967. Cf. Soph. Ant. 983 (lyr.). 
 
 TT/XoO 1>3 for Troppo). Once in par. : Nub. 138 (Eur. fr. 884). 
 Freq. in epos and 4 times in tragedy. 
 
 T7?i/eXXa. 2 Never in trim. : Ach. 1227-1233. Eq. 276. Av. 
 1764. See Pind. O. 9, 2 and Scholia. Archil, fr. 106. 
 
 TX?7/ift>i> 1>3 for raXa?, a0\ios. Mostly in lyric or parodic lines : 
 Pax 723. Thes. 1072 (par. Eur. fr. 115). Ran. 85 (Herakles), 
 1355 (Aisch.). Plut. 603 (ptg.). See TroXi/rX^/ioz/e? (Pax 236. 
 ptg.). In trag. it occurs about 75 times, in Homer 4, Pindar 1. 
 Prose: Xen. Comm. 1, 3, 11. 2, 1, 30 (both vocative). An. 3, 
 1, 29. Oik. 7, 40. Nowhere else in cl. prose. 
 
 Toevo> (e'/e-) 3 in the metaph. sense " to have no resources left," 
 where the prose word is cnropea) : Plut. 34 (tragic rhythm). Cf. 
 Aisch. Eum. 676. Eur. Andr. 365. Cl. Attic prose: only once, 
 and in its literal meaning " to shoot arrows " : Xen. An. 7, 8, 14. 
 
 TofoTroteo). 4 ' 8 Lys. 8. Not in cl. prose. For the usual expres- 
 sions see Ach. 1069. Nub. 582. Plut. 756. But cf. English 
 "to arch the brows." 
 
 ro/oaw. 3 ' 8 Meaning to "utter in a piercing tone": Pax 381 
 (see Schol.). Still it is found in this sense neither in Homer nor 
 extant tragedy. See on
 
 58 The Language of Parody. 
 
 1 Only in hex. : Pax 1079 (parodic). 
 for e/iTm/ao? (Ran. 811) : Nub. 869. Vesp. 1429. 
 This meaning found in cl. prose only at Hdt. 4, 74, but it is not 
 rare in Eur. 
 
 T/nSouXo?. 3 Only in par.: fr. 576 (cf. Eur. fr. 357. Soph. 
 O. T. 1063). 
 
 rpo^Xaro?. 3 Only in ptg. : Ekkl. 1. Cf. Soph. El. 49. 
 Aisch. fr. 161. See Jungius s. v. 
 
 Tpv<j>d\eia 1 ' 8 for Kpdvos. Only in ptg.: Ran. 1016 (Aisch.). 
 See on Trrfk^. See Buttm. Lexil. s. v. 
 
 T/3i5^o9 3 for pdiciov or pa/co?. Ach. 418 (cf. 415). In no prose 
 before Aristotle. See on Xa/a9. 
 
 Tv\r) n for r/3a%7/Xo5, w/io<?. Ach. 860, 954 (both by Boiotian). 
 
 Tvpfieva) 3 for Ocnrrw. Only in ptg. : Thes. 885 (Eur.). See 
 foil, words. Not in cl. prose. 
 
 ry/i/3^/3?;?. 3 Only in ptg. : Thes. 889 (Eur.). In trag. not 
 outside of Soph., nor is it found in cl. prose. See rvuftevco. 
 
 Tt^/So? 4 for ra<o9, o^/ua. Vesp. 1370 (cf. Nub. 1273). Lys. 
 372 (=an old man. Cf. Eur. Med. 1209. Her. 167). Ran. 
 1139, 1172 (both = Aisch. Cho. 4). Prose: Plato Phaidros 
 264 D (an epigram). Legg. 872 B. Hdt. 1, 45 (see just above). 
 Common in epos and tragedy. See prec. words. 
 
 TV</>XO'W (e-). 3 ' 8 Plut. 301 (allusion to Kyklops). fr. 569. 
 Only three times in cl. prose : Xen. Eq. 10, 2. Hdt. 4, 2. 
 9, 93. Not in Homer or Pindar, and rare in cl. literature. For 
 the cmpd. see under irvvOdvo^ai (e-). 
 
 TV)(r)pS)S 9 for eTTtru^w?, airb ru^?;?, Kara TVfflv. Ach. 250. 
 Thes. 305. Not in cl. prose. 
 
 X 
 
 vypd* for 6d\arra. Once in anap. tetr. : Vesp. 678 (ptg.). 
 Ribbeck compares II. 24, 341. In trag. oft. as adj. applied to the 
 sea. 
 
 vfjvaida> J for <ya/j,ew. Only in hex. in parodic lines : Pax 
 1076, 1077, 1112. Tragedy: only Aisch. Pr. 557 (chor.) and 
 in diff. sense. In our signif. it occurs Theokr. 22, 179.
 
 The Language of Parody. 59 
 
 vTreprjvopewv 1 for vrreprifyavos. Pax 53 (par. II. 4, 176. Od. 
 17, 482, etc.). See <yavpos. 
 
 VTrepiJ,ya<i 3 for vTrep/j.e'yedijs. Eq. 158. Not in cl. prose. See 
 Rutherford on Babr. 47, 1. 
 
 vTreprepos.* Pax 52 (ptg.). Av. 1765 (lyr.). Lys. 772 (hex. 
 mock-oracle). Epic and tragic word. 
 
 fa-vow 4 ' 7 for rcaOevSo). Lys. 143 (Lamp.). Pro^e : Hdt. has 
 Karinrvovv, inrvovcrOai, : 3, 69. 4, 8. 7, 15. 
 
 V7ro7rre/309 1( 3 . Only in troch. tetr. and par.: Av. 787, 797. 
 Thes. 1100 (Eur. fr. 124). Prose : Hdt. 3, 107 and 109. Plato 
 Phaidros 246 A. ib. 256 B. [Alk.] 135 E. Krit. 116 D. 
 Lys. 1001 (Spartan herald). 
 
 Only in hex. : Lys. 773 (mock-oracle). 
 
 Only in hex. : Pax 1094. The comic effect consists 
 in the union of high-sounding adj. with lowly substantive (K&dwv). 
 We were expecting the Homeric Se7ra9. Pindar uses it freq. in 
 the form faevvos. So in trag. Not in prose where Xa/*7rpo9 is the 
 word. 
 
 <ao<? 4 for <<?. Only in par. or lyric lines : Ach. 1185 (cf. trag. 
 fr. adesp. 45). Eq. 973. Ran. 1529 (Aisch. fr. 36). Av. 1748. 
 Prose : Xen. Oik. 9, 3. Plato Krat. 407 C (poetic). See <j>vyyo<s 
 (Eq. 1319. Ran. 445, 455. Plut. 640). 
 
 <f>dpos l ' 3 for Ifjtdriov. Once in ptg. : Thes. 890. Prose : Hdt. 
 2, 122. 9, 109. 
 
 <f>lrv* for WTVIM. Only in par. : Pax 1164 (cf. Soph. fr. 803). 
 fr. 297 (cf. Aisch. fr. 56). 
 
 faivios 3 and <^>oWo? for favucos. Only in par. and lyric parts : 
 Av. 345 (just after a par.). Thes. 694 (see Bakhuyzen). Ran. 
 1337 (bis., par.). Freq. in Eur. 
 
 (f>pdo(j,ai l for ovco7reo/u,ai. Only in hex.: Eq. 1015, 1030, 
 1058, 1067. Pax 1099 (see Ribbeck for sources). Not in cl. 
 Attic prose, but it occurs in Ionic prose and trag. 
 
 <j>pijv.' 1 ' 3 With the exception of 4 places Ar. uses this word
 
 60 The Language of Parody. 
 
 only in hex. or lyric lines, par. or ptg. These exceptions are : 
 Nub. 153. Lys. 432. Thes. 291. Ran. 534 (the last three 
 being in the phrase vovs teal ^/aeVe?). The other occurrences are : 
 Ach. 445 (par. Eur. 1. A. 67). Eq. 1052, 1237. Nub. 437. 
 Pax 1031, 1068 (par.), 1099 (ptg.). Av. 429 (ptg.), 457, 938, 
 1238 (cf. trag. fr. adesp. 48), 1376, 1445 (par. cf. Eur. El. 177). 
 Lys. 708 (ptg.). Thes. 275 (par. Eur. Hel. 466). Ran. 101 
 (ptg.), 102 (ptg.), 876, 886 (par. Eur. Hel. 466), 899. Ekkl. 
 571. Plut 581. See Rutherford N. P., p. 9. 
 
 ^picro-G) 1 as meaning "to bristle." Only in hex.: Ran. 822 
 (parodic. Cf. II. 13, 473. Od. 19, 446). In the signif. "to 
 shudder at" Nub. 1133, and in cl. prose. 
 
 (frpovSos 3 for etcTToScov (freq. in Ar.) : Ach. 210, 470. Nub. 
 718, 719 (both par. Cf. Eur. Hek. 161), 722. Pax 197. Lys. 
 106. Thes. 691, 794. Ran. 94, 305, 1343 (ptg:). Ekkl. 311, 
 341, 950. fr. 379. The tragic tone will be readily seen in most 
 of the passages cited. <f>povSo<; is common in Eur. (cf. Ar. Ran. 
 1343). In cl. prose only Antiphon V, 29 (= e/cTro&w/). 
 
 </>OXoi> 4 ' 8 for </>fX?7, eOvos, yevos. Once in anap. tetr., and else- 
 where only in lyric lines : Av. 231, 251, 253, 687, 777, 1088, 
 1756 (cf. 1063). Prose: Plato freq. Xen. Kyr. 1, 1, 5. ib. 5, 
 2 etc. Autiphon IV, 2. 
 
 c^Xom?. 1 Only in hex. : Pax 1076 (par. cf. II. 18, 241. 6, 
 107). Once in trag. : Soph. El. 1072. 
 
 </>o>? 1 ' 3 for avrjp. Only in par. or ptg. : Pax 528 (Eur. fr. 727). 
 Thes. 1040 (Eur. fr. 122). Ran. 820. Never in cl. prose. 
 
 X 
 
 7 for ayaOds. Lys. 90, 91 (double meaning), 1157. 
 ^Xaro?. 3 Only in troch. tetr. : Ran. 929 (ptg.). 
 'Xa\Ko$d\apa. 1 ' 3 Once in a par. : Ach. 1072 (cf. Eur. Troad. 
 520). Coined in imit. of epic and tragic words. See Jungius s. v. 
 %0oW><?. 1>3 Only in the higher tone: Av. 1745 (par. See 
 Ribbeck for sources), 1750 (see Kock for the meaning). Ran. 
 1126, 1138 (both = Aisch. Cho. 1), 1145, 1148. fr. 500 (par.). 
 It is used by Hesiod, Pindar and Tragg. Several times in Plato.
 
 The Language of Parody. 61 
 
 4 for rpv<f>dct). Only in troch. tetr. : Lys. 640. Not in 
 cl. prose, but %XtS?7 occurs in Plato, Xen., Hdt. 
 
 ^0X09 1>3 ' 5 for %oX^. Only in hex. : Ran. 814 (of Aisch.). In 
 cl. prose by Hdt. only. 
 
 X/3609 3 in the sense " fatalis calamitas " is poetic (so Van 
 Leeuwen ad Nub. 30). Ar. has it only in par. : Ach. 454 (Eur. 
 fr. 717), 455. Nub. 30 (Eur. fr. 1011). In this last there is a 
 play upon the double meaning "need" and "debt." 
 
 XPV& 4 ' 5 for /3ov\oficu. Ach. 734 (Doric form). Nub. 359, 
 453 (cf. 439, 454), 891 (par. cf. Eur. fr. 722). Thes. 751. 
 Prose : Thuk. 3, 109, 2. Xen. and Hdt. have it. 
 
 Xpdvtos 1>3 Only in par. and lyric lines: Thes. 912 (=Eur. 
 Hel. 574). Ran. 347 (= "enduring for a long while " So Thuk. 
 1, 141, 7. cf. 6, 31, 3. Plato Legg. 855 B). These are the only 
 exx. in cl. prose. 
 
 Xpvo-avyijs. 3 Only in ptg. : Av. 1710 (cf. trag. fr. adesp. 49). 
 Cf. Soph. O. C. 685. 
 
 ^puo-^'XaTo?. 3 Only in par. : Plut. 9 (trag. fr. adesp. 61). Oft. 
 in Eur. 
 
 XP<* 1 ' 3 for xpotd (Nub. 718, 1012, 1016, 1171. Plut. 1020). 
 Only in par. : Lys. 127 (see Bakhuyzen). Ran. 1312 (cf. Eur. fr. 
 856). Ar. also uses xptipa, "skin," "complexion" (Eq. 399. 
 Nub. 120. Thes. 406). Xen. has %/aw Oik. 10, 5. Symp. 4, 54 
 ( corpus). 
 
 ^&>pta> (Sta-). 3 Only in par. : Thes. 14 (Eur.). Prose: Sicucpivo) 
 or Siaipeo) (Aischin. 3, 56). See Bakhuyzen, p. 109. 
 
 %<ypo9 4> 5 for %to/3a, ^eoptoy. Once in hex. : Lys. 770 (oracle). 
 Prose: Xen. and Hdt. freq. Antiphon III /3 8 (dub. 1.). 
 [Plato] Ax. 371 C and E. Often in epos and trag. 
 
 ty-atpo) (Sta-). 3 ' 8 Once in ptg.: Av. 1717 (messenger). Cf. 
 trag. fr. adesp. 49. Elsewhere : Eur. fr. 926 (diff. sense). 
 Hermippos A0. 4.
 
 62 . The Language of Parody. 
 
 l for ovraxj. Only in anap. tetr. : Av. 702. 
 
 for ty/mio? (Ekkl. 616) : Ach. 272 (see Schol.). Plut. 
 963 (double meaning), fr. 235. Never in cl. prose. See Krates 
 incert. 4.
 
 LIFE. 
 
 I was born November 11, 1875, at Quincy, Illinois, and 
 received my early training there in the public schools. Prepared 
 for college by private instruction at the hands of the Rev. John 
 Porter, of Jesus College, Cambridge, the first two years of my 
 college life were passed at Hobart College, Geneva, N. Y., the 
 last two at the University of Pennsylvania, where I received the 
 A. B. degree in 1898. Two years of study ensued in the Phil- 
 adelphia Divinity School, and the Union Theological Seminary in 
 New York City. During the year 190001 I taught the classics 
 at St. George's School, Newport, R. I. The following year and 
 a half was taken up in foreign travel and study at the Universities 
 of Berlin and Munich. The second and third year of my graduate 
 work were continued at the Leland Stanford University, Palo 
 Alto, California, where I took the M. A. degree in 1903. In 
 October, 1904, I came to the Johns Hopkins University, Balti- 
 more, and continued my studies in Greek, Latin, and Italian. 
 To Drs. Gildersleeve, Smith and Miller of Johns Hopkins, and to 
 Dr. Murray of Leland Stanford University, I desire to express 
 my gratitude for the help and inspiration they have given me. 
 
 EDWARD WILLIAM HOPE. 
 
 Johns Hopkins University, 
 March 31, 1905.
 
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