DA 
 
 437 
 
 K45A3 
 
 1726 
 
 v.2
 
 2 
 
 I 
 
 THE LIBRARY 
 
 OF 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY 
 OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 LOS ANGELES 
 
 I fi 
 
 I 
 
 _l
 
 v _ v
 
 THE 
 
 MEMOIRS 
 
 A N D* 
 
 i 
 
 Secret Negotiations 
 
 O F 
 
 JOHN KERJ 
 
 PART II. 
 
 Publiihed by his exprefs Diredion. 
 
 If Corruption be a Crime fo Grofs, that no Man 
 pretends to juftify it-, Hire it is allowable to 
 appear in Print with an honeft Englijb Freedom 
 upon fuch a Subject. 
 
 Confid. on Corrupt Elett : 
 
 LO NDO N: 
 
 Printed in the YE A R, M. DCC. XXVI.'
 
 . THE 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 TH E Publick may be hereby 
 afTured, that, the Piece they 
 have been obliged with under Mr. 
 K'ER'S Name, is,no more than a 
 kind of Brief extracted from his' 
 numerous Papers of the unparallel- 
 led Injuries he had fuftained, for his 
 real Services, through the avarici- 
 ous Temper of a Foreign Minifler 
 lately deceafed. 
 
 This, he thought but juftice to 
 Himfelf to repreient to the present 
 Mimftry, whom he pre-acduainted 
 with his Intention, and little ex- 
 pefted their Difpleafure, when he 
 did all that in him lay to Merit 
 their Efteem. 
 
 a THE 
 
 1965534
 
 ii The PREFACE. 
 
 THE Tapers now offered, were 
 all finifhed by him in the Year 
 1711, excepting fome few Altera- 
 tions made in them, upon a Re- 
 view, before he depofited them in 
 our Cuftody ; his Memorial to 
 Count Starhemberg) &c. and the 
 Letter concerning the Duke of 
 Ripperdas Difgrace. 
 
 THE Charge he gave with them, 
 was, that, We Jbould continue to do 
 that Justice to his Memory which 
 Himjelj had begun, and of which, 
 he affured Us^ he had likewise ac- 
 quainted his Superiours. 
 
 THIS Truft, with the utmoft 
 Fidelity we have difcharged, and 
 humbly hope that, as, Humanum 
 eft Errare } is an uncontroverted 
 Maxim : no Malice prepense can be 
 laid at the Door of our dear Friend 
 departed, fince in the deepeft Senfc 
 of Contrition he has both, with 
 Sorrow and Shame confefled, that 
 
 the
 
 The PREFACE. iii 
 
 the Britifh Miniftry ought to have 
 been informed of fome Transactions 
 which he concealed from them. * 
 
 SURELY then, whatever fe- 
 vere Expreflions may be found in 
 his Wntings will meet with For- 
 giveneis, fince his only Aim in de- 
 liring they might be publifhed was, 
 to vindicate himjelf by telling real 
 Matters of Fatt^ f and to declare 
 to his King and Country, that as 
 he had lived an Offender, he died 
 a Penitent. 
 
 As fuch were the Motives of 
 drawing up all his Political Papers, 
 he defired they might be made Ufe 
 of, as an Apology for their Pub- 
 lication; which is all we fhall 
 add, till we come to clofe his Re- 
 mains in a fucceeding Volume, 
 wherein fome farther Particulars of 
 
 * See, His Memoirs, Part I. pag. 155. 
 
 f See, His Dedication to Sir Robert IPGlpole. 
 
 a 2. his
 
 iv The PREFACE. 
 
 his Life and Character will be at- 
 tempted. 
 
 W H A T a very eminent Author 
 faid of Himfelfin King WILLIAM'S 
 Time x may be Litterally applied 
 to Mr. Ker at this Juncture. 
 
 THE Writer ot thefe Papers, 
 from the firfl Time he bent his 
 Studies to Matters of this Nature, 
 has all along endeavoured to pro- 
 pofe the beft Ways and Means of 
 raifing Money for Tublick Service. 
 
 I T is true, the Freedom and Sin- 
 cerity with which he has Written, 
 may have drawn upon him power- 
 ful Enmities, but if he has given 
 any Hints, by which his Country 
 may be Benefited, he thought his 
 Labour well employed, and little 
 valued the Difpleafure of particular 
 and interefted Pcrfons, whofe Re- 
 . -*, 
 
 * D'AvJf&tt's Difcodrfe of Grants and Refttmpti- 
 w. 8vdi pag. 445- b 3 Seq. 
 
 fentments
 
 The PREFACE. v 
 
 fentments ought truly not to fall 
 upon Him, but rather upon thofe, 
 wliofe general ill Conducft has 
 made fo plain a Treatment necef. 
 fary. 
 
 HOWEVER, he who looks into 
 any Malt- Admin ft ration, flirs up 
 a Neft of Hornets. If any one be 
 touched, who has been concerned 
 in procuring Grants, all that have 
 participated in his Guilt will be 
 alarmed, and think themfelves 
 bound to A6t in his Defence, for 
 if one Criminal falls, the reft are 
 all in Danger, as T A c i T u s well 
 obferves, - Nam fi Marcellus 
 Jiprius caderet agmen reorum fler- 
 neretur.< Hip. lib. 4. 
 
 THERE is an Anecdote, or 
 Secret Hiftory, belonging to 
 Grants, well worth the Knowledge, 
 of good Patriots ; the Writer of 
 thefe. Papers is not quite without 
 Materials for it : Nor is he at all 
 
 with-
 
 vi The PREFACE.' 
 
 with-held by any of thofe private 
 and mean Fears which commonly 
 obftrudt National Defigns. To 
 look into the Depredations lately 
 committed is fo copious a Subject, 
 that he who bends his Thoughts 
 this Way, is fure to have Matter 
 enough before him ; ( And no 
 Man can employ his Hours of Lei- 
 fure more to his Country's Service, 
 than in Inquiries of this Nature.) 
 And if he finds a Continuation 
 of thefe foul Practices which have 
 been fo deftruftive to England, 
 and fo prejudicial to the K i N G'S 
 Intereft : That Zeal for the Pub- 
 lick which warms him, fliould not 
 in the leaft cool, and though he 
 fhould be left to ftand alone, he 
 ought ftill to Combat on, and 
 neither ask, nor give Quarter in the 
 Conflict he intends to maintain 
 with the Corruptions of the Age. 
 
 BE-
 
 The PREFACE. vii 
 
 BESIDES what Papers relate 
 to his fublick Negotiations, he had 
 hewn out, as Sir Walter Raleigh ex- 
 prefles it, the rough Draught of a 
 Hiftory of his Native Country, 
 which will be finiflied, by a Hand 
 equal to fo Laudable an Under- 
 taking, upon the Plan and Mate- 
 rials he has left behind him. 
 
 WE think our felves obliged to 
 declare, that if any Papers whatever, 
 befides thefe we have mentioned, 
 fhould come from the Prefs, bear- 
 ing Mr. fCer's Name, the fame 
 ought to be looked upon as Spu- 
 rious, and as fuch would have been 
 ftigmatized by himfelf, had he been 
 
 Living. 
 
 VA LE. 
 
 Tefti-
 
 f 
 
 Teftimonium. 
 
 WILLIAM BEAUMONT, late 
 Servant to Jo H N K E R of 
 Kerfland, Efy deuafed, maketh 
 Oath, that a Book intituled, 
 The Memoirs and Secret Ne- 
 gotiations of JOHN KER of 
 Kerfland in North Britain, Ej<$; 
 PART the Second, is faithfully 
 Printed (as was alfo the former 
 Part) from the Original Mdtnu- 
 fcript, transcribed by the faid Mr. 
 K E R'S Amanuenfis, in the Tear 
 One Thousand Seven Hundred and 
 Twenty One, excepting fuch Alte- 
 rations and Additions, as the (aid 
 Mr. KER himfelf, and his Friends 
 the Editors made, on a late Review 
 thereof, to ft it for the Prejs. 
 
 . BEAUMONT* 
 
 Jurat 2- die Septembris, 
 1726. cor am me. 
 
 W M ' G O R E. 
 
 York-Buildings.
 
 MEMOIRS 
 
 O F 
 
 P A R T II. 
 
 OTVVITHSTANDING the great 
 Lodes and Misfortunes I have 
 iuftained by ferving His Majefty 
 and my Country, I now think 
 it an incumbent Duty upon me 
 to fatisfy my own Family, that whatever 
 Sums or Money I received from the Go- 
 vernment, were not profufely caft away 
 upon my own Perfonal Occafions, but were 
 faithfully disburfed by me in the publick 
 Service $ and that 1 could not poilibly refift 
 the Importunities , fhun the Solicitations, 
 
 B nor
 
 ^ MEMOIRS Part II. 
 
 nor anfwer the Arguments (being prejud ged 
 by my Education) which were ufed and held 
 forth, to perfuade me to follow fuch Mea- 
 fures and Steps which have all proved fo ve- 
 ry retrogade, that my Reflection upon them 
 hab fometimes made me very uneaiy. 
 
 BUT having in the former Part of thefe 
 Memoir* (for Expedition fake) omitted fe- 
 veral material Facts, very proper to be 
 known ,- and in thefe Papers having added 
 to, altered and diminiilied many other 
 Points and Patiages of the Counfels and 
 Conduct of Foreigners j and laft of all, a 
 late Famous Trial, which made abundance 
 of Noife in Wefl?nmftcr-Hall^ 1718, and as the 
 Story whereof may follow, I hope the Rea- 
 der will be fatisfied with thefe Reafons why 
 I have not publiihed my Memoirs till now. 
 
 i ,'*,-'' 
 
 I hope none will be fb unjuft to believe I 
 have any Perfonal Prejudice to the Germany 
 for I have none now, refolving firmly to de- 
 fpife their Friendlhip and Malice both alike, 
 my Defign being, with all the little Rheto- 
 rick I am M after of, only to convince my 
 Countrymen of the Danger they are fubject 
 to, by fuffering Foreigners to be fo much 
 about our Sovereign, though every Day con- 
 vinces me, that they cannot influence his 
 Sincere and well-diipofed Mind, and good 
 
 Inclinations
 
 Part II. of John Ker, Efy 5 
 
 Inclinations for the Benefit of Great-Bri- 
 tain ; for if they could, every honeft Sub- 
 ject might juftly dread the Confequences. 
 
 FOR who knows not that Great-Bri- 
 tain strue Intereftis to preferve the Liberty 
 and Freedom of Parliament, advance Trade, 
 encourage Foreign Plantations, and Manu- 
 factories at Home, and to keep the Ballance 
 of Europe even, as I have already obferved 
 in the i28th Page of my former Volume. 
 
 SOME Politicians, upon being told that 
 his Majefly had made a Treaty with the 
 Swedes, as King of Great- Britain, with a 
 League Oifenfive and Defeniive, have ex- 
 prefled their Fears, that it might very pro- 
 bably have brought us to a War with the 
 Czar of Muftc'vy, and confequently to the 
 Lofs of our Trade with that Country, 
 which is ten Times the Value of that of 
 Sweden. Thefe Gentlemen like wife ailed g- 
 ed, That our Trade to Mufcovy is prefer- 
 able to that of Sweden ; for in the late 
 Reign, the MitfcGVite Trade was reckoned 
 fo con/iderable, that the then Evil Miniftiy, 
 as feme called them, declined to aflift their 
 Darling the King of Sweden, by forcing the 
 Danes to obferve their Articles at Traven- 
 dal, being afraid we fhould lofe our 1 rade 
 to Miifcouy thereby ; and if the Lofs of that 
 B 2 Trade
 
 4 MEMOIRS Part II. 
 
 Trade appeared to Hurley's Miniftry fo pre- 
 judicial, as to divert them from forcing Den- 
 mark to a Peace, which they could have 
 done with a much better Face than we can 
 now : Then every Body muft believe with 
 them, that by this Breach with Mufcvvy, we 
 muft lofe a very valuable Branch of our 
 .Trade. 
 
 I Ihall conclude thefe Surmifes, with this 
 Truth, that the mpft beneficial Trades we 
 have, are with Mufcovy and Spain j and it is 
 indeed too apparent, that we have quar- 
 relled with them both, which is contrary to 
 Great-Britain's true Intereft, and the entire 
 Ruin of our Commerce, without which we 
 never could, or can fubiift. 
 
 'T is probable Foreigners may find their 
 Account much more in a Breach with Muf- 
 wvy, for they will thereby take Occafion to 
 fuggeft to us their Fears of Invafions, &c. 
 from Archangel^ and the Frigid Zone j and 
 when we want Money, we fhall hear of 
 the March of Ruffians., Tartars, Lafland- 
 ders clad in BearVSkins, and other ftrange 
 People riling towards the North, in order 
 to imbark for Great-Britain, for we can 
 have no Correfpondence with thofe Parts 
 to which all Commerce is prohibited , but 
 any thing for fuch Ends may pafs with us 
 
 here
 
 Part II. of John Ker, Efq; 5 
 
 here for Truth, without being able to dif- 
 cover it fo eafiiy as from Sweden, becaufe of 
 the Correfpondence we have with that 
 Kingdom, and the other Parts of the BaL 
 
 tick. 
 
 F A R be it from me to have any manner 
 of Jealoufy ; nor is it in the leaft reafonable 
 to fufpecl:, That His Majefty knows any 
 thing of thefe Facts and Proceedings, fo as 
 to fuffer, or in the leaft to connive at them, 
 for they are fo very contrary to his Intereft, 
 as King of Great-Britain, his Affections 
 thereunto, which he hath been gracioufly 
 pleafed to declare fo often from the Throne, 
 and even to his Juft and Princely Qualities, 
 that no doubt they muft have another Caufe, 
 becaufe the Effects are fo very bad, that it 
 is too plain no Caufe can produce fuch, but 
 pernicious Counfels, fuch Advifers there* 
 fore, are only to be charged with them. 
 
 GIVE me leave now to make fome few 
 neceffary Keflections upon the War with 
 Spain, our Trade thither muft be of the 
 greateft Value, fincethe Spaniards confume 
 no lefs than the beft half of the Britijh Ma- 
 nufactures ; and our being afraid to lofe it,' 
 by its falling into the Hands of the French, 
 was what produced the War in the latter 
 pnd of King W i L L i A M'S Reign, which 
 B 3 Continued
 
 6 MEMOIRS Part 11. 
 
 continued near ten Years together, and 
 coft us the Lives of fo many brave Men, 
 and fo many Millions of Money. 
 
 I confefs, it was not fair for the King of 
 Spain to attack the Emperor when he was 
 generoufly engaged againft the Turkrlri De- 
 fence of Chriftendom -, and no doubt, if we 
 had broke with Spain then, in Defence of 
 the Emperor's Dominions in Italy s it would 
 have looked well, fince it might have been 
 re^fonably thought that the Emperor wanted 
 Afliftance, but certainly, after the Peace of 
 PdffatDWftZ) he wanted none ; and confe- 
 quently, there was no Occafion for us to go 
 into a War with Spain, and all upon his Ac- 
 count,having then nothing to do for his own 
 Troops, but to turn them againft Spain, who 
 by Land cannot pretend to compare with 
 him, either as to Numbers or Goodnefs of 
 Men, for the Emperor could pour fuch nu- 
 merous Forces into Naples, as was able with 
 the greateft Eafe in the World, to cut in 
 Pieces all that the King of Spain was able 
 to carry into thefe Parts. 
 
 I T is but begging the Queftion to ob- 
 jed, That the King of Spain would have 
 made himfelf Matter of Sicily, if our Fleet 
 had not prevented it, which was none of 
 our Bufinefs, fince the Emperor had no 
 
 Title
 
 Part II. of John Ker, Efq-, J 
 
 Title or Pretence to, it being given by the 
 Treaty of Utrecht to the Duke of Savoy ; 
 it was Time enough to break with Spain, 
 when he attacked Naples, or any other Im- 
 perial Dominions which we were obliged 
 by Treaties to defend. 
 
 NEITHER was it juft for us to fall out 
 with Spain, for attacking Sardinia, it being 
 likewife referred in the faid Treaty of C7- 
 trecht, for the Duke of Bavaria, and was 
 only yielded to the Emperor by the King of 
 France, in the Treaty of Baden, Anno 1714, 
 which the Brittfh Nation were concerned 
 in no manner of Way, having not fo much 
 as one Minifter there. 
 
 AND, methinks, it is alfb unreafonable 
 to objeci, That Spain would become too 
 formidable, if they were furrered to go on, 
 for it is very evident, that the Emperor is 
 now much more formidable than the King 
 of Spain with all his European Dominions, 
 and his Weft-Indies, at fo remote a Diftance, 
 into the Bargain. What then muft the Em. 
 peror be, when he fhall add Sicily to his 
 Italian Dominions, viz. Napier, Milan, Man* 
 tua, &c. ? In this Cafe, it will be in his 
 Power to make himfelf Mafter of all Italy, 
 and confequently of the Mediterranean 
 Trade, which at prefent I can fee nothing 
 B to
 
 8 MEMOIRS Part II- 
 
 *o hinder him from ; but more of this elfe- 
 where. 
 
 T i s alfo obvious, That by this War we 
 have loft our Effects in Spain, which muft 
 amount to an Immenfe Sum, much greater 
 than our Merchants are willing to own, for 
 trufting to their Credit, they are tender of 
 publifhing their LoflTes, which is the only 
 &eafon that fo little Noife is made about 
 them, as being forced to conceal their Mis- 
 fortunes, till they either run away, or be- 
 come Bankrupts, and then they are gene- 
 rally known, witnefs the Gazette, &c. the 
 fleet, the Kings-Bench, &c. at Home, and 
 Letters from France, Holland, Sec. Abroad. 
 
 AND as we thereby loft our Trade with 
 Spain, as another Confequence of the War, 
 fo it is much doubted, if even after a Peace 
 with that Nation, we ftall be able to fix it 
 upon the old Footing, if our cunning Rivals 
 or France and Holland chance to get it into 
 their Hands, for us to recover when we beft 
 can i for Trade is like a River, which having 
 altered its Courfe, feldorn/or neyer reverts 
 to its old Channel ; we {hall never recover 
 it from a People who have not only been 
 too many for us in Point of Trade; but up- 
 on this Head the Dutch may be juftly called 
 the Trickfters of Em ope $ and fure no Body 
 
 will
 
 Part II. of John Ker, Efy 9 
 
 will doubt but they incline to get into this 
 Trade, if they can by their refitting and un- 
 dervaluing the Importunities of his Britan- 
 nick Majefty and the Regent of France, 
 and the alternative Threats and fair Pro- 
 mifes of the Emperor fo very -long, not- 
 withftanding all his great Pofleflions in the 
 Netherlands*, and the Uneafinefs given them 
 by the Rubs they have met with in fettling 
 the Barrier-Treaty, which, one would think, 
 ought to make them more cautious in giv- 
 ing Offence, as they have done in that Affair 
 of the Quadruple- Alliance, which, for all the 
 Prevarications that hath been made upon it, 
 they have but juft now acceded to, as fome 
 fay, tho' others doubt it, and that proba- 
 bly in a private Agreement with Spain, hav- 
 ipg, as it is find, both come in at one Time. 
 
 THE Expences of this War is to be 
 confidered as the next Concomitant of it, 
 which was not fo foon over as fome have 
 been pleafed to advance in the Parliament- 
 Houfe upon feveral Occasions : The War, 
 it is true, may perhaps end in a Peace ftruck 
 by fome of our faithful Allies, without our 
 Knowledge or Confent, having given them 
 a Precedent for it in the laft Reign ; but in 
 that Cafe, we have no Reafon toexpedt they 
 will make any other Articles for us, than 
 fach as we made for our Allies, when they 
 
 complained
 
 10 MEMOIRS Part II. 
 
 complained they were left in the Lurch, 
 and fb the Remedy may prove as bad as the 
 Difeafe. And as for Charges in the War, 
 they will be beft known when the Expence 
 of the Fleet, and the Repairing of our Men of 
 War, which muft have fuffered much in the 
 Straits by the ufual Accidents in thofe Seas, 
 come to be laid before ^the Houfe in order 
 for a Supply. 
 
 FROM this unaccountable Management, 
 Jet every impartial Reader confider, if 
 both France and the Emperor will not be 
 rendred too formidable, whilft we are at fo 
 much extravagant Trouble and Pains, and 
 unavoidable Lois, even of the private Mer- 
 chants, befides the publick, to fupprefs 
 Spain, which in my Opinion can never do 
 fo much effectual Mifchief, as either of the 
 two, for thefe Reafons. 
 
 I. THE French are lately pofleflfed of 
 fix Parts in feven of the Ifland of Bifpa- 
 mcla^ commonly reckoned larger than 
 Great-Britain, whereby, befides its conve- 
 nient Situation, they are able to under-fell 
 us incur Sugars, and fupply our Merchants 
 at half the Price we can, and confequent- 
 ly muft be Matters of that Trade.
 
 Part II. of John Ker, Ejq-, 1 1 
 
 T H i s is new indeed ! a thing never 
 heard of before ! fome fay ftrange ! the 
 French out- do England in Trade ! but I 
 jQiall leave it to any Body to judge, except 
 thofe wondering People, who will not give 
 themfelves Leave to think of any thing, 
 but the Trade and immenfe Riches o Eng- 
 land, as if nothing in the World could 
 come up to it : That if the French or any 
 other Nation can live at half the Expence, 
 as I believe moft other Nations do, and 
 have Provifions two Parts in three, cheap- 
 er in that large Ifland, than we have in 
 ours. What can hinder them from all 
 thefe Advantages, to under-fell us in the 
 Market, by which Means that Trade par- 
 ticularly, will no doubt fall into their 
 Hands e* 
 
 v II. THEY have increafed their Colonies 
 in that Ifland to above 14000 fighting Men ; 
 to which, if we oppofe the Strength and 
 Number of the Spaniards there, we fliall 
 not find them half the Number, and that 
 only confifting of Clergymen, Lawyers, 
 Gentlemen, Hunters, &c. 
 
 DOUBTLESS People of fuch Profeffi- 
 ons are willing enough to do abundance 
 of Mifchief if they can, fure no Body will 
 
 offer
 
 iz MEMOIRS .Part II, 
 
 offer to compare them to the frencb, ei- 
 ther in Trade or War j from which I natu- 
 rally conclude, that our Sugar Iflands have 
 more Danger to fear from the induflrious 
 Power of the French, than thefe Spanijk 
 Gentlemen. 
 
 III. THEY have lately made large Set- 
 tlements in MiJJiJJlppi, whereby they muft 
 foon be capable to fupply Europe with In- 
 digo, Tobacco, Drugs, Sugar, Chocolate, 
 &c. having alfo rich Mines, and are ftili 
 tranfporting Colonies into thefe Parts, 
 which will in a little time, to the Surprize 
 of the whole World, make them very 
 powerful in America. 
 
 IV. France is very populous, and the 
 People much better adapted for foreign 
 Plantations than the Englifo, and can with 
 greater Facility, and lefs Expence, make 
 more powerful Settlements abroad, than a- 
 ny other Nation in Europe. 
 
 V THE prefent French Government 
 are fo intent upon this new Eftablilhrnent, 
 that there is nothing wanting to encourage 
 and advance it, that Ingenuity and State 
 Policy can contrive, not a Family of Note 
 in France, but hath a Parcel of Land af- 
 fignedthem, and are tranfporting People 
 
 te
 
 Part II. of John Ker, Efq; I J 
 
 to fettle in that Country every Day, which 
 at laft muft be the Terror of all .America. 
 
 THEY are likewife fending great Num- 
 bers of regular Troops to thofe Parts, as if 
 they intended to conquer the new World; 
 and have lately feized fome of the beft 
 Harbours the Spaniards have in the Gulph 
 of Mexico, Penfaolaj &c. And if they get 
 St. Auguftm^ or any other Place in Flcrida, 
 to command thefe important Streights of 
 the Bchfuna lilands, they will not only fe- 
 cure the chief Key of the Weft-Indian 
 Trade (as they have already thofe of lefs 
 Note, as appears by their Fortifications near 
 Cape Mayze, in the vaft Ifland of Cuba, to 
 command the windward PaiTage) but they 
 are alfo endeavouring to ftrengthen them- 
 felves in Hifpaniola, which is larger than 
 Great-Britain and Ireland, over againft P0r- 
 to Rico 9 no Doubt, endeavouring to fe- 
 cure all the Streights and chief Keys and 
 Inlets of the Weft Indie f. 
 
 A T this rate, our Trade to the Weft 
 Indies will be reduced to a very narrow 
 Compafs, and they who know thofe Parts 
 better then I, are very feniible of the great 
 Advantages France hath obtained above 
 their Neighbours, whereof Great Britain 
 may feel the bad Confequencej perhaps 
 
 fooner
 
 14 MEMOIRS Part II. 
 
 fooner than they imagine , and we have no 
 Reafon to believe they will flop there ; for 
 what they, cannot obtain by War, they will 
 by Articles and Treaties, to our Sorrow 
 and Difappointment. 
 
 VI. FROM the convenient Situation of 
 Mijfiflippi, Great-Britain and all other tra- 
 ding Nations in Europe, who have any Co- 
 lonies or Plantations in America, or the 
 Weft Indies, have no Good to expect from 
 the Power of the Trench in that Settle- 
 ment, which bordering upon MfXfQ), will 
 probably make themfelves foon Matters of 
 it, as well as that of Peru, with its inex- 
 hauftable Mines ; which, in my humble O- 
 pinion 3 is enough to alarm all Europe, as 
 well as our famous South Sea Company, but 
 like true Scots Men, it is probable we ftiall 
 fee our Danger when it is too late. 
 
 Miffiffippi borders upon our Plantations 
 on the Continent of America, by which 
 Means, they may at laft be encouraged, or 
 provoked to fall upon Virginia, Maryland) 
 Carolina, &c. and confequently be able to 
 furnifli Europe with betier Tobacco, and 
 much cheaper than we : For by Dekription, 
 Miffij/fippi is of a vaft extent, fuch a tempe- 
 rate wholefome Climate, unci a wonderful 
 fruitful Soil,thatit products every thing ufe- 
 
 fol,
 
 Part II. of John Ker, Effy iy 
 
 ful, as good, if not better then any o- 
 ther Country. 
 
 I F thefe Fa<5ts be true, and if France by a, 
 wife Super- ft rudure upon this Foundation, 
 {hall be able to conquer America ; it follows 
 that all other Nations, who have any Trade 
 to it muft fuffer, but efpecially Spain, which 
 I hope will convince my Reader, that we 
 have no Mifchief to apprehend from it; for 
 the Spaniards in America are fo effeminate 
 and unaccuftomed to War, that fraall Crews 
 of Privateers, and Letter-of- Mart-men, 
 both Britijh and French, &c. hath put to 
 flight above ten times their Number of 
 them, even tho 1 they were armed, as ap- 
 pears by many Inftances during the kte 
 War. 
 
 A N D in Europe, the Spaniards have late- 
 ly been fo preifed by the unequal Powers 
 of the Emperor, France, and Britain, that 
 they are in no Circumftances now to fend 
 any Force to preferve their Dominions 
 abroad; but the French, befides the 
 vaft Number of Troops they have there 
 already, above 10000, which is fuch a 
 Force, as was never heard of in thofe Parts 
 before, are tranfporting every Day more 
 and more, both Forces, Planters, Artificers, 
 and Tradefmen of all Sorts, &c. 
 
 FROM
 
 1(5 MEMOIRS Part II. 
 
 FROM all which I am afraid likewife 
 to convince my Reader, that the French 
 will foon be Matters of the Spanifo Weft 
 ]ndie^ or at leaft have it in their Power, 
 when they pleafe ; and then let them judge 
 what the State of the Spaniards will be, and 
 guefs where the Ballance of Power will 
 center, notwithftanding the vain Suppofi- 
 tion of the near Relation of the Kings of 
 Trance and Spain, which is all the Argu- 
 ment that fome Pretenders advance to pre- 
 fer ve it. 
 
 ; . 
 
 T o make my Aflertion good, that we 
 have no Prince or Potentate to fear fo much 
 as the Emperor and the King of France, 
 I ihall compare the prefent State of 
 Great Britain and France with what they 
 
 were formerly. 
 
 7 
 
 W E find our Commerce with Spain and 
 Mtifco'vy, the two moft valuable Branches 
 of our Trade, impaired, if not in danger 
 of being quite loft. Our Eaft India Com- 
 pany likewife threatned by the French and 
 Imperial Companies, lately formed for that 
 End. Our publick Debts, which amount 
 to above 60000000, increafe every Year 
 coniiderably, rather than diminifh. fmce the 
 Peace of Utrecht, whereas, at the glorious 
 
 Revolution,
 
 Part II. of John Kef, Eq- y 17 
 
 Revolution, the Public k was in no Debt 
 at all. Our Colonies in /4///er/r.Y* com plain- 
 ing of O^prefLoi) from their Governor^ 
 fome of them be ing forced to t r , Pyn es 
 Upon our feives; many of them afraid 
 to be turned out of their Efhtes, which 
 they j.ftjy difpofl! fled the French of in t'.e 
 late Wars, particularly in St. Lbriflopber's, 
 which mud inevitably produce a Decay 
 of Bufintfo and Trade, the French fu ply- 
 ing fureign Markets with the Ccmn odiries 
 our Co.onies uf.d to do, much cheaper 
 than we i whereof take an Evidence or 
 two, of the R< monftruncfs, Petitions, and 
 Repreientations to the Goverment from tne 
 Inhabitants of Barhidoes and the Leeward 
 I (lands, againft Lowther in B&badoe^ and 
 Hamilton a Native of Weftfhaha, &c. for 
 the Barbarities by them committed on thofe 
 poor Pt-ople, now lying before the Board, 
 and all without Hopes of Redrefs, becau.'e 
 it is iuppofed theie Gentlemen, and only 
 fuch a i they, are iupported and encouraged 
 by fome here, who find their Account 
 in it j and which is woift of ail, our Dif- 
 contents and Diviiions at Home, with our 
 Debts, rather increafing, our Poors Rates 
 likewife increafing with our Lofs of Trade, 
 and the nianufatforing Part of the Nation 
 wanting Employment and Bread, 
 
 C BUT
 
 >8 MEMOIRS Part II. 
 
 BUT when we compare france with 
 what it was in the late Reign, we find the 
 quite contrary : In a much more flourifhing 
 Condition now, her Foreign Plantations 
 much enlarged, Miffijfippi, which was often 
 attempted by Monfieur Croizat, come to 
 fuch a Gigantick Power now, as furprizes 
 all Mankind $ the publick Debts of the 
 Nation paid , which at the late King's 
 Death amounted to above 1800000000 Li- 
 vres j their Publick Credit fo reftored, that 
 from 60 per Cent. Difcount , the State Bills 
 are now exceedingly above Par ; the Eafl 
 and Weft- India Company formed, which 
 from 64 per Cent. Difcount, is now at 2000. 
 A Bank of fuch Credit eftablifhed at Paris % 
 as never was before, in a Nation, where not 
 long ago, it was harder to fix a publick 
 Credit than in any Country in Europe ; 
 which, if Lewif XIV. had encouraged with 
 Trade, and a prudent Management, but 
 half fo much as the Regent hath done, who 
 hath corrected all his Miftakes, he had cer- 
 tainly never been fo much difappointed of 
 his ambitious Defigns to be Univerfal Mo- 
 narch , and in fliort, France, every Way 
 improving the Advantages of Peace, leflen- 
 ing their Taxes, removing all fuperfluous 
 and needlefs Offices and Expence, eafing the 
 in collecting, and otherwife ma- 
 naging
 
 Part II. of John Ker, Eft; 19 
 
 naging the Revenues, &c. fo that the Peo- 
 ple, inftead of murmuring and complain- 
 ing, are full of Mirth and Joy. 
 
 FOR, as a learned Friend of mine has re- 
 marked, the fudden and furprizing Turn the 
 Affairs of France have lately taken, in re- 
 lation to their Trade, under the Con dud 
 and Direction of Mr. Law, is juftly looked 
 upon as one of the moft prodigious Events 
 any Age has produced, and I believe is 
 fcarce to be parallelled in Hiftory. 
 
 IT has for fome time paft been the ge^ 
 neral Topick of Converfation in moft Coun- 
 tries in Europe, and as every Man fmds him- 
 felf in a Manner forced to fay fomething or 
 ether about it ; all your heavy Fellows, who 
 would pafs for wife y but who have neither 
 Parts nor Application fufficient to examine 
 fo great a Scheme, have thought it the ihort- 
 eit Way to tell us bravely it will certainly 
 come to nothing, and to treat it in all their 
 Difcourfes as a meer Chimera. 
 
 I N the mean time, it is fcarce credible that 
 a Nation, broken by a long and unfuccefsful 
 War, plunged in immenfe Debts, groaning 
 under intolerable Imports, and in a word, 
 almoft reduced to the utmoft Degree of Mi- 
 fery, ihould at once ftart up in fo flourifh- 
 ing a Condition, as to be able to clear off all 
 
 C 2 the
 
 zo MEMOIRS Part II. 
 
 the Debts of their King, fettle their Com- 
 irerce upon the moft folid and extenfive 
 Bottom any People have yet done, and be- 
 come at once the Envy and Admiration of 
 ail their Neighbours. The Mtfliffippi Com- 
 pany has at prefent in Cafh and Credit above 
 one hundred Millicns Sterling. Paris, like 
 the Temple of Fortune among the -Hea- 
 thens, is reforted to by innumerable Crowds 
 of every Nation, Quality and Condition, 
 and the dirty Kennel of Qyinquempoix has 
 for fome time been more, frequented than 
 the Ptfyal- Exchange of London. 
 
 T H o' all this at firft View feems incre- 
 dible, yet if we would give our felves the 
 Trouble to reflect ferioufly on all the happy 
 Circumftances which concurred to favour 
 Mr. Law's Projects, our Wonder will in 
 fome Meafure be abated. 
 
 THE People of France, upon the Death 
 cf their late Monarch, began to take Breath, 
 after the many grievous Oppreflions they had 
 fuflfered, during a long and Tyrannical Reign, 
 and being in fome Meafure delivered from 
 heavy Taxes, and Arbitrary Power, began 
 to reftime the Notions of Property, to ap- 
 ply themfelves to the Arts or Peace, and 
 to employ their Induftry in improving their 
 
 Home '
 
 Part 1 1. of John Ker, Eft, zi 
 
 Home Manufactures, and extending their 
 Trade over the whole Face of the Globe. 
 
 THE Regent, like a true Father of his 
 Peopl.-, cherifhed this laudable Difpofition 
 in them with the utmoft Indulgence He 
 began his Administration with punifhing 
 thofe Men who had been their moft noto- 
 rious OpprefTors, and who, amid ft the pub^ 
 lick Calamities, had raifed immenfe For- 
 tunes, and inriched themfelves, by equal- 
 ly defrauding the Crown and the Publick. 
 When he had taken this neceflfaiy Step, re- 
 folved to merit the Title of the Founder, 
 or at leaft the Reflcrer of the Grandeur of 
 France ; he turned all his Care to the fettling 
 of the finances on a folid and juft Founda- 
 tion, and to the enlarging of Trade. His 
 Endeavours in thefe two Particulars being 
 publickly known, fet all the projecting 
 Heads in France at Work to afiift him in fo 
 glorious an Undertaking; among thefe, it 
 was eafy for fuch a Genius as Mr. Law, to 
 diitinguifh himfelf in a very remarkable 
 Manner. The Regent foon comprehended, 
 and relifhed his Propofals, and refolved to 
 affift him in the Execution of them with all 
 his Power : Countenanced by fo Auguft a 
 Patron, and happening to hit the enterpriz- 
 ing Genius of the French, he has executed 
 his Defigns with that Succefs which has afto- 
 niflied all Eurofe. C 3 IT
 
 iz MEMOIRS Part II. 
 
 IT would be fomewhat foreign to my 
 prefent Defign, to examine particularly all 
 Mr. Law's Schemes, in order to demon- 
 ftrate their Certainty, yet to the Confufion 
 of thofe Gentlemen, who are pleafed to 
 call them Novelties, Dreams and Chime- 
 ra's, I ihall juft obferve, That the Ban's 
 which (upports them all, *viz. the King's 
 granting to the united Eaft and Weft-India 
 Companies a Leafe of the general Farms, 
 is not fo new a Project, as I am perfuaded 
 thefe fuperficial Politicians take it to be. It 
 was firft fet on Foot many Years fince, in 
 the State of Genoa, for the fame Reafow, 
 and with the fame Succeff, that it is now 
 eftablifhed in France. 
 
 THAT Republick, as Machia*vel in his 
 Hiftory of Florence informs us, after a long 
 and unfuccefsful War with theF*tfw/,find- 
 ing themfelves unable to pay the large Sums 
 of Money they had borrowed from their 
 Subjects, thought it the beft and honeft Me- 
 thod to affign over to them the Revenues of 
 the Government for the Payment of their 
 Money, and they had a common Hall al- 
 lotted them to meet in, and confult about 
 the Management and Improvement of their 
 Finance!:. The Creditors, thus poflefTed of 
 the publick Taxes, called their Corpora- 
 tion. 
 _ . f
 
 Part If. of John JCer, Efq- 9 
 
 tion, St.George'sBank, and appointing proper 
 Directors out of their own Body, for the Col*; 
 le&ing and Management o ftheir Stock, 
 which became fo rich and confiderable in a 
 Ihort Time, that the Prefervation and Secu- 
 rity of the Commonwealth, depended upon 
 them, the People both in their publick and 
 private Necefiities, conftantly applying to 
 them for Relief: Hence it was, that amidft all 
 the feveral Factions in the Republick, St.Geor- 
 ge's Bank ftill preferved its firft Luftre and 
 Credit ; nor did the Body of the People think 
 It worth their while to enter heartily into 
 any Quarrel, till they faw their Patron and 
 Benefa&or was concerned in it. A mofi ex* 
 cellent and rare Thing, fays the Hiftorian, 
 never -found out by any of the old Phih/bpherf 
 in their imaginary Forms of Government ', that 
 in the fame State, and fame People, one might 
 fee at once both Liberty and Tyranny, Juftice 
 and Oppreflion. This laft Obfervation is fo 
 very applicable to the Government of France, 
 upon the Foot it is now eftablifhed, that J 
 could not help quoting it. Mr. Law, as 
 a late Writer finely obferves, has found out 
 the Secret in an abfolute Monarchy, to make it 
 the Interefl of the Prince to fecure the Liber- 
 ty of the SubjecJ. This is fo true a State of 
 the Cafe, that if thofe fuperficial Reafoners, 
 who telling us every Day, there can be no 
 Security under a defpotick Government, 1 
 C
 
 MEMOIRS Part II. 
 
 and that the Recent mny at once cancel all 
 the Bank Bills, now current in France, had 
 Capacity enough to weigh the Probability 
 of itch an Accident, they would be alhanv 
 ed of their weak Affernon . 
 
 THERE had been nofuch Thing as pub- 
 lick Credit in I ranee for fome Yeara paft. 
 Tne Government, wnen it was too lute, 
 were thoroughly icnfible of her Lof>. They 
 made fome vain Efforts to retrieve her, but 
 like a coy Miflref , when purfiied, iheflevv 
 the farter. Mr. Law> like Hypp mews of 
 old, has at laft flung our a Lure which has 
 brought 'her back. S'ie L> at picfent, the 
 bright.il Ornament of the Court of Fran"e, 
 and has addi d iuch a Luftre to their Crown, 
 as has made it infinitely more Powerful and 
 Valuable th;.n any other in all Europe It 
 is an allowed Maxim in Politicks, thatG>f<Jf- 
 neff is to be maintained by tie fame M'tbods it 
 was at firfl acquired. And to fuppofe that 
 the Regent, or any fucceding Piince in 
 France^ in order to aggrandize himfeif, will 
 take Things out of the fre^nt Channel in 
 which they run, to fling them into their 
 former Cctfufwn^ is full as improbable, as 
 that a Man who is building, fhould take a- 
 way his Foundation in order to raife his 
 
 FROM
 
 Part II. of John Ker, Efq; 25 
 
 FROM what has been faid, it pretty 
 plainly appears, that Mr. Law's Plan is 
 Founded both on Reafbn and Pratfice y and 
 I fliall leave it to the Reader's Judgment to 
 fuggeft, of what Confequence it is to the 
 united Companies to have the whole Re- 
 venues of France in their Hands, with ma- 
 ny large Privileges, and additional Ad- 
 vantages j how great the Improvement of 
 fo vaft a Sum, well managed, muft be, 
 and what an extenfiveand flourifhing Trade 
 that muft prove, which is fettled on the 
 Credit of fo inexhaufliible a Capital. 
 
 THE only Matter of Wonder remaining 
 with me, and which Pofterity perhaps will 
 be equally amazed at, is, That a People fo 
 careful as the Englifo have always been, to 
 alfert and fecure the feveral Branches of their 
 Trade, and fo jealous of their moft peace- 
 able Neighbours in this tender Point, mould 
 ftand gazing at thefe prodigious Prepara- 
 tions, with as little Concern as if they only 
 beheld fome uncommon Appearance in the 
 Air, which could no ways affed them j ei- 
 ther infenhble of their Danger, or too lazy* 
 to take the neteflary Step* to prevent it. 
 
 I hope it will be remembered, what 
 Clamours were raifed againft the Managers 
 
 of
 
 id MEMOIRS Part II. 
 
 of the late Treaty at Utrecht, for yielding 
 itf Cape-Breton to the French, tho' by the 
 ,way, it is more than probable, as will ap- 
 pear from what I ihall obferve on that Head 
 in another Place, that if the twelfth Ar- 
 ticle of that Treaty had been flriftly obferv- 
 d, and duly put in Execution^ they muft 
 have abandoned that Ifland before this Time. 
 It cannot like wife be forgot what Strug- 
 gles we have had with them for Hudfon's 
 Bay y Nova Scotia , and Newfound-Land ; 
 yet now their poflefling themfelves of a 
 Country more valuable than all our Planta- 
 tions put together, is fuch a Trifle, as fcarce 
 feems to merit our Conflderation. 
 
 WHATEVER Motives may have prevail- 
 ed with thofe to fit filent and una&ive, 
 whofe more particular Bufinefs it feems to 
 be to examine into this Affair, and ward 
 againft the impending Danger ; or how 
 plaufible foever the Pretences of the French 
 may feem, to People unacquainted with 
 their Practices in America^ and the Situa- 
 tion and Extent of their new Empire Low- 
 fana, I think my felf obliged to acquaint 
 my Countrymen, That if thefe new Set- 
 tlements are permitted to be carried on, 
 the English Trade will in a great Meafure 
 be ruined on the Continent of America^ and 
 2!! our Colonies^ unlefs much better regu-
 
 Part II. of John Ker, Ejq; Z? 
 
 lated and fecured than they are at prefent, 
 may one Time or other be entirely taken 
 from us ; and as I ihall advance nothing in 
 Proof of this Allertion, but what will be 
 fupported by Authority, or undeniable Fads,' 
 I am in hopes the Legiflature will take fome 
 Meafures for the Security of our Planta- 
 tions Abroad, on which the Wealth of 
 Great-Britain fo much depends. 
 
 HAVING faid thus much by way of In- 
 troduction, I come now to confider the 
 Confequences of the French fetling Colo* 
 nies on the 'NliJJiffippi; in order to which, it 
 will be very neceffary to give an Account 
 of the Country it felf, and of the foft Dif- 
 covery of it. 
 
 W E find no Account of the River Mif- 
 fiffippi (tho* without doubt fomething of it 
 was known from the Days of Hernandes a 
 Soto, who croffed over it Anno 1541, as he 
 was returning from his fruitlefs Expedition 
 againft Florida) before the Year 1674, 
 when Count Frontenac, at that Time Gover- 
 nor of Canada, hearing it much talked of 
 by the Indians, and fuppofing on their Re- 
 port, it might fall into the Bay of Califor- 
 nia, and fo open a PalTage into the South 
 Sea, ordered Mr. Joliet, with fix more, to 
 undertake the Difcovery. Thefe Adven- 
 turers
 
 MEMOIRS Part II, 
 
 rers fetting out from the Bay of Puants, in 
 the Lake Illinois proceeded to the Weft- 
 w^rd by Water, fixty Leagues, and being 
 obliged to carry their Canoe over Land a- 
 boiit half a League, imbarked again on the 
 River JV] f n^n, which conveyed them into 
 the Miffifftp^ into the Latitude of 42 De- 
 grees and an hair. They fol 1 owed its Courfe 
 diiely South ^ to the Latitude of 34, and in- 
 tended to have run down to the very Mouth, 
 according to the Inftru&ions they hud receiv- 
 ed , but the dreadful Stories me Savages 
 told them of Monfters, that devoured both 
 Men and Canoes, and a Devil that guarded 
 the Mouth of the River, and funk thofe who 
 approached the Place where he flood, to- 
 gether with the Apprehenfion of meeting 
 with the Spaniards ) made them change 
 their Refolurion, and return Home the 
 fame Way they had gone, contenting them- 
 felves with having d {(covered, that the Mif- 
 fijfifpi did not dilcharge itfelf into the South- 
 Sea, nor to the Eaftwardof Florida, as was 
 fuppofed. 
 
 THE next Attempt was made by Monfr. 
 de Sale, a Man of great Courage and Capaci- 
 ty, of good Learning, and well verled in 
 fevcral favage Languages. He was bred a 
 jte/wtf, and had lived ten or eleven Years in 
 that Order, but taking more delight in 
 
 Trade
 
 Part II. of John Ker, Efq-, 19 
 
 Trade and Projects for new Difcoveries, he 
 went over into Canada^ and pur Ju fed a 
 Sertlement in the Ifland of Montreal, 60 
 Leagues above Quebec, on the River St. 
 Lawrence. Upon the Recommendations of 
 tlie Governors of Canada, who had iuccef- 
 fively expreifed their Efteem for him, he 
 wai firft made Governor, and then Proprie- 
 tor of Fort Trontenac, on the Lake Ontario^ 
 the Place at that Time fartbeft advanced 
 among the Savages,, which gave him an Op- 
 portunity of gaining more certain Informa- 
 tions touching the Mffijfippi, and the Coun- 
 try it runs through, than had been published 
 in a Book, entitled Monfr, JolietV Voyage : 
 For this Gentleman having unfortunately, 
 in his return, loft the Journal and Map he 
 had made, by the over-fetting of his Canoe, 
 many fabulous Accounts of that Voyage 
 were forged to amufe the Publick, of all 
 which he was unjuftly fuppoled to be the 
 Author. 
 
 \ 
 
 MOKSR. de We had a pafiionate Defire to 
 vifit the rich Minei ofSt. Zfor'r, and to find 
 out a nearer Paflage into the South-Sea., than 
 thro* the Streights of Magellan j and both 
 thefe, he hoped, might be accomplifhed by 
 Means of the Mijjijfippi. With this View 
 he made ^i Voyage to France, Anno i6j6 y 
 having been well received at Court, and 
 
 difpatched
 
 MEMOIRS Part II. 
 
 difpatched with the neceffary Orders for pur- 
 fuing his Defigns, he returned to Canada 
 two Years after. To make the Difcovery 
 more compleat, he appointed Father Hen- 
 nefin to travel to the Northward, and 
 trace the River up to its Source, referving to 
 himfelf the Honour of fearching for its 
 Mouth. The Friar fetout a long Time before 
 Monfr. de Sale, who was thwarted in all 
 his Undertakings by his envious and malici- 
 ous Countrymen,- and palfing down the 
 River Illinois y into the Mtffijffippi, where the 
 other difcharges it felf, inftead of going 
 North, as he was ordered to do, went fir ft 
 South, hoping to acquire a Name, for his 
 Ambition that Way, was at lead equal to 
 Monfr. de Salfs, by being the Difcoverer 
 of this myfterious River. He purfued the 
 Stream to the Gulph of Mexico, where he 
 perceived it empties it felf thro' three 
 different Channels, between the 2yth 
 and 2 8th Degree of North Latitude, as 
 near as he could conjecture, for he had no 
 Inftrument to obferve with, and then re- 
 turning back, advanced towards its Head, 
 as far as 50 or 51. 
 
 MONSR. de Sale began his Expedition in 
 ^68 2. He ran down the River, which he found 
 parted into two Branches about 60 Leagues 
 from the Sea j he followed that to the 
 
 Northward,
 
 Part II. of John Ker, Efy Ji 
 
 Nortk&ard, and having difcovered its 
 Mouth, and the Latitude it lies in, *viz. 
 between 28 and 29 Degrees, he reiblved 
 to make another Trial to find out an En- 
 trance into the Mijffiffippi by Sea, by which 
 he thought an eafy and fafe Communica'- 
 tion might be formed between Canada and 
 the Gulph of Mexico ; with this Profpe& he 
 took another Voyage to France, where his 
 Project being approved, the King ordered 
 him three VeiTels, with a Man of War of 
 forty Guns, a confiderable Number of Sol- 
 diers, and all other Things neceflary for the 
 enabling him to carry on his Enterprize. 
 With thefe he came into the Bay of JVlfKSH 
 co, in the Beginning of the Year 1685, 
 where he fought for the fame Mouth in 
 vain, for the Space of three Weeks, and 
 was at laft obliged to go afhoar to the South 
 Weft of the Place where it really was, which 
 was the Caufe of his Death, and the Ruin 
 of the whole Defign ; three of his Ships 
 having been loft, and himfelf barbaroufly 
 mnrthered by the perfidious Villains who 
 attended him. 
 
 A War breaking out in Europe, before 
 the News of thefe Difafters had reached the 
 Court of France, this Project was laid afide 
 till the Peace was concluded at Kf/z#/c/',when 
 it was revived by Monlh^/forw//^ a Gen- 
 
 tlemoa
 
 MEMOIRS Part IL 
 
 tleman born in Canada ^ and famous for his 
 Exploits in feveral Parts of North America. 
 He failed from France into the Gulph of 
 "Mexico^ in the Year 1698, and iearched a- 
 long the Co.ift fo narrowly, that he found 
 out the Mouth of that fatal River, and 
 built a Fort upon it, where he left a Garri- 
 fon. He vent thither a fecond Time with 
 Reinforcements from France^ and having 
 penetrated far into the Country, difcovered 
 many favage Nations, and made feveral Al- 
 liances with them. He built another Fort, 
 which he left well ftoied with Men and 
 Neceffaries. After this he returned Home, 
 but happening to die on his third Voyage 
 back to the Mijffffippi, and Fiance being 
 foon after engaged in a new War, this En- 
 terprize was again laid ailde. 
 
 DURING the CelTation of Arms in 
 1712, the late King granted by Letters Pa- 
 tent, to his Secretary, Mr. Crczat^ (the fTt- 
 teft Perfon in Prance to fupport and execute 
 fo great an Undertaking) the fole Power 
 to Trade and fettle Colonies on the Mifft- 
 jfftppi, and in all the Countries lying between 
 Carolina on the Eaft^ and new 'Mexico on 
 the Weft. This Grant Mr. Crozat refigned 
 about two Years ago, on good Confidera- 
 tions, in Favour of the Weft-India Com- 
 pany. 
 
 AFTER
 
 Part II. of John Ker, Efo 33 
 
 AFTER this fhort Narrative, I muft de- 
 fire the Reader, before I proceed farther, to 
 reflect on the inexprefllbie Toil and Danger 
 that attended thefe ieveral Difcoveries, the 
 ttnfuccefsful and fatal Attempts of moft of 
 the Adventurers, the Care and Expences 
 the Crown of France was at in providiig 
 Armaments, and all other Requifites >r 
 fupporting the Project, and that conftari", 
 irre.iftible Ardor wherewith the French have^ 
 in fpite of their Nature, purfued this fingle 
 Deiign for the Space of fix and forty Years 
 fuccetfively , and then tell me, if, after all^ 
 you can ferionfly believe that what they 
 have been fo long aiming at, is only a Chi- 
 mera, or an empty Name, invented by 
 Mr. Law to recommend (as it is affirmed) 
 his own imaginary Schemes. I amfurethe 
 Englijh in North America, who nnderftand 
 fomewhat better than the Stock-jobbers in 
 London, the Nature and Situation of this 
 new Country , with the Advantages the 
 French will certainly reap from planting 
 their Colonies in it, have all along been of 
 another Opinion, as fome not far from 
 Whitehall can teftify, from the many Let- 
 ters, Memorials, Reprefentations and Re- 
 monftrances, which have been written on 
 that Subject from Time to Time, and 
 tranfmkted to England * 
 
 D How
 
 54 MEMOIRS Part II. 
 
 How far the Limits of the 'Country 
 the French intend to poffefs, may extend, 
 is impoflible to be known at prefent, and 
 may, perhaps, remain a Secret for fome 
 Ages. That Part of it which was granted 
 to Monfr. Crozat , and is now vefted in 
 the Company, is bounded by New Mexi- 
 co, and the Lands of the Englifh of Caro- 
 lina, Weft and Eaft, and by the River ////- 
 noif, and the Gulph of Mexico, North and 
 South j wherein if it be meant, as no doubt 
 it is, that all the Trads of Land not a&u- 
 ally pofleffed by the Spaniards of Mexico, 
 and the Englifh of Carolina, though claimed 
 refpec-tively by both, fliall be comprehend- 
 ed, it will take in more than two Thirds of 
 the Gulph, and reckoning from St. Fe, in 
 New Mexico, to our mod wefterly Settle- 
 ments in Carolina, about twenty four De- 
 grees of Longitude, or 1440 Miles, and 
 from the Mouth of the Illinois, to that of 
 the Mifliffippi, 150 or 160 Leagues in a 
 ftrait Line. 
 
 BUT this is only a Part ofLouifiana, which 
 the King of France (by a Refervation ex- 
 prcifed in the Patent) may enlarge, when 
 he thinks fit, the whole Extent of that im- 
 menie Country, reaching the South-Sea, 
 Japan, and the Frozen Ocean. 
 
 FATHER
 
 Pare II. of John Ker, Efq; 35 
 
 FATHER Hennefin, in the Account he 
 dedicated to King William, of his Travels 
 through a great Part of it, positively afferts, 
 That Jdffan is contiguous to the Northern 
 America , (The great Gwvius was alfo of 
 this Opinion) and that an eafy PafiTage may 
 be infallibly found out, from Louisiana to the 
 South-Sea, through Rivers that run beyond 
 the Miffijifippi, deep enough to carry Ships 
 of great Burthen ; and he farther offered to 
 return back in his Majefty's Service, to make 
 the Difcovery. I have very good Reafon to 
 believe that great Prince would have ac- 
 cepted the Propofal, and improved it to the 
 Glory and Advantage of England, had it 
 not been for his Alliance with Spain, which 
 h'kewife proved fatal to the Settlements of 
 the Scots in Darien. It is a melancholy Confl- 
 deration, that fo noble an Enterprize, found- 
 ed on juft and honourable Motives, and car- 
 ried on with invincible Zeal and Bravery,' 
 ihould have been difcouraged, betrayed 
 and ruined, and theFrewh at the fame Time 
 permitted to build Forts, and plant Colo- 
 nies, as I have already hinted, under the 
 Command of Monfr. D' Iberville, in a Coun- 
 try, to which both England and Spain, 
 had a much better Title. It is true, 
 Monfr. WJbewillis Commifllon impower- 
 ed him only to Ci eftablifh the Colonies, 
 
 D 2 and
 
 36 MEMOIRS Part II. 
 
 " and maintain the Garrifons, which had 
 tc preferved the PoiTefTion of what was 
 u acquired to the Crown of Frame by Mr. 
 " De Sale" ; but one of the Forts having been 
 intirely razed by the Spaniards, and the Gar- 
 rifon carried off, and the other abandoned 
 foire Years before the Date of this Com- 
 miffion ; the Right infifted on by Virtue of 
 that Pofleflion was quite loft and and etxin- 
 guilhed : Befides, if the Charters granted 
 by the Crown of England, to the Lords 
 Proprietors of Cardina, be allowed to be of 
 any Validity or Force, it may be doubted 
 whether a PofTeflion of much longer Con- 
 tinuance could devolve any Right on the 
 French ; but as the Decifion of this, and 
 other Points of the fame Nature, depends 
 wholly on the Wifdom of thofe Sovereign 
 Princes, whofe Prerogative it feems to be 
 to create and annihilate Rights in America, 
 I lhall trouble you no farther about it. 
 
 THE Miflionaries, and others, who have 
 had the moft perfect Knowledge of Louifi- 
 ana, give us fo great an Idea of its uncom- 
 mon Beauties and Productions, that one 
 would take it for the Frenchmen s Paradile. 
 The Climate is fo temperate, that the Inha- 
 1 itants enjoy a continual Spring, and are 
 fcarce fubjed to any Difeafes j the Soil is fo 
 fertile, that (as Father Hennepin told King
 
 Part II. of John Ker, Efy, 
 
 William} it yields two Crops every Year, 
 without Ploughing or Sowing. It natural. y 
 brings forth in great Abundance, Sngar- 
 Canes, Tobacco, Cotton-Trees, Silk- 
 Worms, Corn, Hemp and Vines : In a 
 word, whatever is efteemed valuable among 
 us, either for Ufe or Pleafure, may be found 
 there with very little Art or Induftry. There 
 is Plenty of Fifti, Fowls, and Beaits of fun- 
 dry Kinds, unknown to us in Europe-, efpe- 
 cially wild Oxen, which are twice as large 
 as ours ; and inftead of Hair, are covered 
 \vith a Wool, equal in Length andFinenefs 
 to that the French have from their Sheep in 
 Enrols. The Land is every where well 
 ftored with Mines of Iron, Copper, and 
 in many Places of" Silver, whereof prodigi- 
 ous Quantities are dug up in St. Barbara^ 
 St. Johns, and Ende, by the Spaniards ; and 
 many more, and perhaps rich Mines of the 
 fame Metal, may be opened to the North- 
 ward and Eajfaoardy where the Spaniards 
 have never yet ventured to eftabliih any Set- 
 tlement. 
 
 Mr. Gage, who lived twelve Years in the 
 Kingdom of Mexico, in his Delcription of 
 New Gallic! a, informs us, That the Spa- 
 niards were continually in War with the /- 
 diaw, who inhabited the Northern Parts of 
 that Province, for the fake of the Silver 
 D 3 Mines
 
 38 MEMOIRS Part II. 
 
 Mines in their Territories, fearing left the 
 Engli/h from Virginia (for Carolina was not 
 then planted) Ihould be before-hand with 
 them in gaining the Poileflion of thefe hid- 
 den Treafures. He farther adds. That he 
 has often heard the Spaniards exprefs their 
 Wonder, that the People of that Colony 
 ihould prefer a little paultry Tobacco (as he 
 terms it) before the invaluable Advantages 
 they might, with the gre-iteft Certainty, ex- 
 pect to draw from fuch an eafy Conquefr. 
 As for the Gold Mines, near the River Mif- 
 fouri, of which fome Accounts have been 
 publilhed in France, I fliall fufpend my Be- 
 lief concerning them , and many other 
 Things, grounded on the like Reports, 1 till 
 that curious and adventurous Nation fhall 
 oblige the World with clearer and more 
 certain Difcoveries in that Particular, than 
 any they have yet publiflied: 
 
 BUT the chief Glory of Loitifiana, is the 
 famous Miffij/fippi', in many Refpeds the 
 fineft River in the World j it fprings from 
 feveral Lakes to the Weftward of Hudfoii V- 
 Bay, and bending its Courfe direclly South, 
 falls through fix large Channels, into the 
 Gulph of Mexico. Father Hennepin, who 
 pretends to have furveyed it from both its 
 Extremities, fays, It is about eight hun- 
 dred Leagues long, its Windings and Turn- 
 
 ' . -V.1 *^ , "^ ..;.-.. *^
 
 Part II. of John I^er, Efq; 59 
 
 ings included, and it is very probable it may 
 be much longer ; for with all due Refpeft to 
 that great Traveller (whofe fingular Cou- 
 rage and Piety in fearching out new Coun- 
 tries, and barbarous Nations, and propa- 
 gating among them his Religion, none of 
 the beft indeed, yet good enough for Sava- 
 ges, can never be fufficiently applauded) I 
 am inclined to think, that he reached nei- 
 ther the Head, nor any of the Mouths. It 
 is free from Shoals and Cataracts, and Na- 
 vigable within (ixty Leagues of its Source : 
 The Channel is every where deep, and the 
 Current gentle, except at a certain Seafon 
 of the Year,, when, like the TV/fc, it fwells 
 with Floods, occafioned by exceflive Rains, 
 and the Snow melting away in the Northern 
 Regions. Its Banks, according to the Re- 
 lations of thofe who have failed within them, 
 yield the moft beautiful Profpe&s that can 
 be imagined : They are adorned with a de^ 
 lightful Variety of Meadows and Groves, 
 covered with wild Beafts, and inhabited by 
 almoft Two hundred different Nations, 
 whom the French found tractable and inge- 
 nious. Our American Seamen, who have 
 ranged along the Coafts, and obferved the 
 Mouths of this River, for the French fay 
 nothing of them, aflfure me, That Three 
 are fit to receive the biggeft Ships, and af- 
 ford feveral fafe and commodious Har- 
 bours, P 4 BUT
 
 4Q MEMOIRS Part .II, 
 
 BUT what renders the Mijffifltppi ftill 
 more confiderable, and deferves a particu- 
 lar Remark, is a vaft Number of other large 
 and navigable Rivers, that run from the 
 JLaftward and W^eftwwd, and mix at laft 
 with its Stream. Of the firft, Mr. de Sale, 
 in the Account he preferred to Count pron- 
 lenac of his Voyage on this River, affirms, 
 there are fix or feven, three hundred Leagues 
 earch in Length, that fall below the Illinois, 
 and propofes it as a Matter of the gieateft 
 Importance, that the Difcovery of them 
 ihould be carried on to prevent the Englijh 
 of Carolina from interfering with the French 
 in their Trade with the Indians, (ince fame 
 of thefe Rivers take their rife from the Afa- 
 lacbin Hills, not far from our Settlements 
 in that Colony. Higher up on the fame 
 Side, are many more, which by means of 
 others, afford a Conveyance into feveral 
 great Lakes, and from thence into the Rir 
 ver of St. Lawrence, and Hudfotfs Bay, 
 Thofe from the Weftward are yet more 
 numerous, and much longer j the Nliffourdi, 
 not to mention any of the reft, runs from 
 the North- Weft at leaft fix or feven hundred 
 Leagues, beginning, as it is commonly be- 
 lieved, from a certain Mountain in Cibola, 
 where another River iilues forth into the 
 of CaUfornifly and probably Jt was 
 
 this*
 
 Part II. of John Ker, Efq-, 41 
 
 this Way Mr. de Sale, and Father HexntpW 
 propofed to go into the South-Sea. In fhort, 
 the Reader muft conceive one River watering 
 
 .. +J 
 
 fo large a Country as the Louifiana, and ex- 
 tending its feveral Branches far enough to' 
 open a Communication between New 
 Spain and Canada, the South-Sea, and the 
 Gulpfa of Mexico i fo that what the Poet 
 faid of Egypt and the Nile, may very juftly 
 be applied to Louifiana, with refpeci to the 
 Miffifofi, 
 
 Terr a fui f contenta bonis, non indiga 
 Non jfa*uj/j in fob tanta eftfiducia Nilo. 
 
 As it can hardly then befuppofed by any 
 Man of common Senfe, that the Frencbwili 
 fo far neglecl: their Intereft, whatever others 
 may have done, as not to continue their 
 moft vigorous Efforts for eftabliihing Com- 
 merce, and planting Colonies inthispromi- 
 fing Country : So it feems evident, even 
 from the ihort and imperfect View I have 
 given you of its Situation, Produce and Ex- 
 tent, that thefe Settlements, whether we 
 have War or Peace with the French) will not 
 only prove hurtful, but deftructive at laft 
 to our Plantations in America, and confe- 
 quently weaken, in a very fenfibie Manner, 
 the Strength and Power of England, by dry- 
 ing up the Streams that convey thither the 
 
 greateft
 
 MEMOIRS Part II. 
 
 greateft Part of their Wealth, and lopping 
 off the moft valuable Branches of the Bri- 
 tffi Trade and Navigation. 
 
 FOR i ft. When the French have drawn a 
 Line along the Borders of our Settlements 
 in every Province, from St. Lawrence to the 
 Mijfijfffifpiy and built Forts to fecure the 
 moft convenient Pafles on the Lakes and Ri- 
 vers that form the Communication, they 
 will effectually cut off all Intercourse and 
 Traffick between us and the Indians inha- 
 biting the Inland Countries, and likewife 
 compel thofe who are Neighbours and Al- 
 lies, by reafbn of the abfolute Dependance 
 they muft in that Cafe have upon the French 
 for their Liberty of Hunting and Fifhing, to 
 fall under their Subjection, or ftarve ; and 
 by that means, befides the Ufurpations and 
 Incroachments on the Rights that have been 
 granted and confirmed to the English Sub- 
 jects in America^ by his Majefty's Royal Pre- 
 deceflors, and the Lofs of a moft beneficial 
 Trade, I mean that of Skins, whereby the 
 French in Canada have exceedingly inriched 
 themfelves, and increafed the Revenues of 
 the Crown ; and had our Induftry or Con-* 
 duct been but equal to theirs, the Cuftoms 
 arifmg only from thence, as a noble Perfon 
 once affirmed, would have defrayed in a 
 fliort Time the Charges of an Expedition 
 
 '-* r 
 
 for
 
 Part II. of John Ker, EJq- f 
 
 for reducing that Country : Befides thefe 
 IJardfliips, 1 fay, we muft alfo expect to 
 fuffer continual Incurfions, Depredations and 
 Mwthers, from the Savages on our Fron- 
 tiers, with whom it will be impoflfible for 
 iis in fuch Circumftances to make a real 
 Peace^ or manage by our own Forces a fuc- 
 cefsful War, confidering the Advantages the 
 Savage Nations have over the Europeans, 
 by their Way of fighting in the thick Fo- 
 refts of this Continent. 
 
 THAT this Project is neither new nor 
 impracticable, and that the Governors of 
 Canada wanted only Encouragement from 
 their late King to put it in Execution, ap- 
 pears, I think, very plainly, by the Account 
 la Hontan gives in fome of his Letters, 
 which have been publilhed, (both in French 
 and Englifl}} of the Plan he prefented to the 
 Court of France in the Year 1692, by Order 
 of Count Frontenac y for deftroying the I- 
 oquois, a very warlike and numerous Peo- 
 ple, who have on all Occafions fliew'd 
 themfelves faithful Friends to us, and for- 
 midable Enemies to the French. 
 
 To carry on fo great anEnterprize, where- 
 of this Writer pretends to have been the 
 firft Project to (tho' in Truth, Mr. de Sale had 
 contrived it long before him) he propofed 
 only to hjye three Forts built and main- 
 tained
 
 44- MEMOIRS Part II. 
 
 tained at the Mouths of the Lakes Errie 
 and Huron, with fome light VelTels fit for 
 failing or rowing, and to be provided with 
 two hundred Soldiers, fifty able Seamen, 
 and 15000 Crownsa Year for their Pay and 
 Subfiften.ee: Ke tells his Friend, That the 
 Count being then Governor of Canada 3 
 conceived fo good an Opinion of this Un- 
 dertaking, that in a private Letter to Mr. 
 Pontebarftain, he affured that Minifter of 
 State, he would oblige thofe barbarous 
 Nations, in two Years, to abandon their 
 Country. But the King being engaged in a 
 bloody and expenfive War in Europe, was 
 not in a Condition to allow the Supplies of 
 Men and Money which were demanded, and 
 for that Reafon the Matter was dropt : How- 
 ever, as this important Defign was formed 
 when the French had demolifhed their Forts 
 of Frontenac and Niagara, and durft ad vance 
 with their Settlementson the River St. Law- 
 renc'i no higher than Monfeal 3 within fixty 
 Leagues ofQucbec^ can it be imagined that 
 they will not purfue the fame, and endea- 
 voi.r to carry it much farther, in order to 
 fubdue the Indian^ diftrefs our Colonies, 
 and enlarge their own, whenever they be- 
 come Matters of that vaft Tract of Land, 
 within which theCourfeof thofe Lakes and 
 
 Rivers both begins and ends. 
 
 IN
 
 Part II. of John Ker, Efy 45 
 
 I N the next Place, if the French be al- 
 lowed to pofTefs themfelves of the Country 
 I have defcribed, and a War ihould after- 
 wards happen to break out between the two 
 Crowns, an Event not impoffible, I prefume, 
 though far removed perhaps from the Days 
 we live in, they will find it a Matter of 
 no great Difficulty, with the Affiftance of 
 the Indian^ to invade from thence and Ca- 
 nada^ all the Englilh-Plantations at once, 
 and drive the Inhabitants into the Sea, un- 
 lefs they come to be enabled by fome ex- 
 traordinary Means, which is a Thing rather 
 to be wijhedfor than defended on, to provide 
 infinitely better than they can at prefent for 
 their Safety and Prefervation. 
 
 THE Reader will eafily perceive, by 
 cafting his Eye upon this Map, that St. Law- 
 rence and the Miffiffippi, with the Lakes and 
 Rivers that run between them, furround by 
 Land all the Provinces on the main of Aine- 
 rica, belonging to the Crown OL Great-Bri- 
 tain, and that from the Branches of thefe 
 great Rivers, and fome falling into the Lakes 
 Cbamplain and Errie, a fafe and direct Paflage 
 may be found out almoft to every one of 
 them, by means of other large Rivers, 
 wherewith the whole Country abounds. 
 
 THROUGH
 
 4<5 MEMOIRS Part II. 
 
 THROUGH fome of thefe Channels the 
 French have already made many Defcents 
 from Canada upon our Northern Colonies, 
 deftroyed our Settlements, and laid entire 
 Provinces wafte ; nor could the Inhabitants 
 of New Tork (there being only a Land 
 Carriage of two Leagues from the Lake 
 $t. Sacrewent, at the Bottom of that of 
 Cbamflain, to a Branch of Httdfais River, 
 whereon the City of New Tork ftands) have 
 been able to fecure themfelves from the dif- 
 mal Confequences of the like Attempts, 
 but by the fingular Valour of the Mobacksor 
 Proquois, who galled the French fo fenfibly, 
 that they obliged them to retire, as I have 
 already obferved, within fixty Leagues of 
 Quebec, and fue for Peace on any Terms ; 
 and that they may eafily penetrate the fame 
 Way into thofe Engli/b Colonies that lie to 
 the Southward^ particularly Virginia and Ca- 
 rolina^ when once they have planted them- 
 felves on the Banks of the Lakes Front enac 
 and EmV, and fome Rivers that run from 
 the fame Side into the Mijfftffippi, is obvi- 
 ous by their own Accounts, and the Difco- 
 veriesof our Indian Traders, or Coureurs de 
 JBow, as the French call them, who range 
 over thefe Parts of the Continent. 
 
 BESI DIS,
 
 Part II. of John Kcr, Efy, 47 
 
 BESIDES, all the Plantations we are a- 
 dually pofTefTed of at this Time, lie naked 
 and open to every Attack by Land ; we have 
 no Forts or Garrifons to defsnd our Fron- 
 tiers j the Numbers of our People are fmall 
 and inconfiderable, in refpecl of the large 
 Tracls of Land they inhabit; their Dwel- 
 lings fcattered at a great Diftance from one 
 another, except towards the Sea. In fhort, 
 I know of no Protection we have to rely 
 on, but that of the Indians ; and with how 
 little Reafon we can expect it in the Cafe 
 above-mentioned, I have endeavoured to 
 Ihew. 
 
 I T teems therefore very furprizing, that 
 during thefe feven Years of Peace, no Pro- 
 pofals have been offered, or effectual Mea- 
 fures taken to fettle and fortify Nova Sco- 
 tia, the only Province in America belonging 
 to the Crown, that can be made a fufficient 
 Barrier to cover any of our Plantations from 
 the Invafions of the French, and check their 
 Motions on that Side by Sea and Land : 
 It is impollible for one fo little acquainted 
 with publick Affairs as I am, to guefs the 
 Reafon why a prudent and frugal Nation, 
 inftead of improving the vaft Advantages 
 that naturally flow from fo important a 
 Conqueft, mould lavifh away their Mc- 
 
 ney
 
 MEMOIRS Part II. 
 
 ney only to fupport an ufelefs infignificant 
 Title. 
 
 THAT I may explain my Thoughts on 
 this Point more fully, I beg leave to obferve, 
 that the French having been difpoffeflfed of 
 511 their Settlements to the Southward of the 
 River St. Lawrence, by Sir Samuel Argal y 
 Governor of Virginia, ib much of the main 
 Land as lies between that River and the 
 Bay Franfoife, from the River St. Croix y 
 Wefty tothelfle of AffitmpUon t Eaft; toge- 
 ther with the Peninfula, which the French 
 named UAccadie (formed by two large Bays, 
 to be feen in the Map) was granted in the 
 Year 1621, by King James the Firft, to Sir 
 William Alexander, afterwards Earl of Ster- 
 line, * who fent thither a Colony of his 
 Countrymen ; and as a farther Encourage- 
 ment, obtained a Patent for advancing a 
 certain Number of Perfons to the Heredi- 
 tary Dignity of Baronets, or Knights of 
 Nova Scotia ; the Profits whereof were to 
 be wholly employed for the Benefit of this 
 Plantation ; but finding it a Matter of much 
 greater Weight than at firft he apprehended 
 it to be : He foon quitted Port+Kqal, and 
 
 * This Illuftrious Nobleman was an Excellent 
 Poet, as may be feen by the Plays and Poems he hath 
 publifhed in a Folio Volume. 
 
 with
 
 Part II. of John Ker, Efq; 49 
 
 with it the whole Country, to the French^ 
 in whofe Hands it continued for the moft 
 part 'till the Year 1654, when Colonel 
 Sedgewick re-took it by Order of the Ufur- 
 per Oliver Cromwell. The French Ambaf- 
 fador made prefling Inftances at the .Treaty 
 of Peace in the Year following, to have it 
 reftored but the then Government of Eng- 
 land could by no Means be prevailed with 
 to re/ign a Country, which they looked up- 
 on as the Bulwark of the feverai Colonies 
 planted at that Time in New-England. 
 However, after the Restoration, they had it 
 delivered up to them, and kept PoiTeifion of 
 it, 'till Her late Majefty, being moved with 
 the many Reprefentations that were laid be- 
 fore her of the Damages done to the Colo- 
 nies, I have juft now mentioned, by the 
 French in Nova Scotia, was pleafed to order 
 an Expedition to be made thither, Anno 
 1710, under the Direction of General Ni- 
 cholfon, by whole good Conduct, Port-Royal, 
 which he named Annapolis -Royal, was once 
 more recovered j and by the Treaty of 
 Peace at Utrecht, all Nova Scotia, with 
 the Iflands thereto belonging, except Cape 
 Breton, was yielded up to the Crown of 
 Great-Britain. 
 
 IT muft be acknowleded indeed, Thrt 
 ever fince that Time no Care has been want- 
 Is ing
 
 50 MEMOIRS Part II. 
 
 ing to provide this Province with Cover* 
 nors, Lieutenant-Governors, and other in- 
 ferior Officers, both Civil and Military, and 
 alfo with a confiderable Number of regular 
 Forces; but with great Submiffion, I think 
 the Orator's Queftion may very pertinently 
 be repeated here, Cut bono? And, indeed, 
 what great Service can be expected from a 
 (ingle Garrifon, whofe Command reaches no 
 farther than their Guns, whilft the whole 
 Country is abandoned to the French^ who 
 make Settlements, and eredt Forts by Or- 
 der of the Governor of Canada, on all the 
 principal Rivers, particularly St. Johns, 
 Paffamaqiiady, and Penobfcot, and have 
 poftefTed themfelves of our Fifliery at Can* 
 feaux, which is, perhaps, the beft in the 
 World ? For though, according to the true 
 Meaning of the nth Article of the Treaty 
 of Utrecht., they can claim no more Liberty 
 to Fifh there, than on any other Part of that 
 Coaft ; y^t finding that their new Planta- 
 tions on Cape Breton were fcarce habitable, 
 they not only managed their Fifliery on our 
 Ground, and in our Harbours, but by the 
 Afliftance of the Indian^ pulled down our 
 Stages, destroyed our Vends, and have at 
 laft proceeded fo far, as to fuffer none of 
 His Majefty's Subjeds to catch or cure Fiflt 
 at the Ifland of Canfeaux^ without firft pay- 
 ing for a Licenfe from the Governor of Cape 
 
 Breton?
 
 Part II. of John Ker, Eft; 51 
 
 Breton: Which by the way, in my humble 
 Opinion, is a convincing Argument, that 
 ulilefs you can fuppofe that Gentleman to 
 be of the fame Complexion with one I matf 
 perhaps name before I conclude thefe Obfer* 
 vations, the French have no manner of Right 
 to thefe Iflands and Harbours i If they had^ 
 it would be an unpardonable Crime in him 
 to allow the Englijh to Trade or Fifh there 
 on any Account whatsoever ; and the Rea- 
 fon is, Becaufe all Governors in Amerkdi 
 whether Englijh or French, receive exprefc 
 Jnftru&ions from their refpedive Mailers, 
 to put in Execution the Articles of the 
 Treaty of Neutrality in America^ between 
 King James II. and the late King of France ', 
 wherein it is ftipulared, That none of the 
 Subjects of either King, fhall Trade or Fifti 
 in the Bays,cJc. belonging to the other, un- 
 der the Penalty of the Veflfel fa Trading of 
 Fifhing, and Lading, being confifcated. But 
 on the other Hand, if it be a doubtful Cafe ? 
 whether the Right belongs to them. Why 
 have not skilful and judicious Men beeri 
 employed to draw the imaginary Line fron> 
 the Ifle of Sato, to the Coaft of Nova 
 Scotia^ in order to fix the Boundaries fee 
 down in the Treaty, and thereby prevenr ? 
 atleaft, the Mifchiefs wherewith our Trade 
 td thofe Parts has beeri for feveral Years at- 
 tended 2 Without fuch aa Expedient, lani 
 E 2 perfuaded
 
 MEMOIRS Part II. 
 
 perfuaded the Controverfy can never be de- 
 cided fairly at Paris or London : But to re- 
 turn to our Fifhery at Canfeaux. 
 
 THERE being no Hopes of any Support 
 or Relief from the Government of Nova 
 Scotia, Application was made from Time to 
 Time, to that of the MaJJachuffett-Bay in 
 New- England , whofe chief Intereft con- 
 fids in the Prefervation of that Fifhery, but 
 nothing was .done, for what Reafons I 
 ihall not fay at prefent, 'till 1719. Captain 
 Swart, who attended that Station with His 
 Majefiy's Ship the Squirrel, went thither by 
 Direction of the Governor and Council : 
 He found fundry French Ships and Veffels 
 laden and lading with Fifh, but wanted 
 Hands to carry off more than two of the 
 fmalJeft, which he brought into the Har- 
 bour of Bo/Ion, and upon his Arrival, ac- 
 quainted the Governor, Colonel Sbute, with 
 his Proceedings. His Excellency commend- 
 ed the Captain's Conduct, and being oblig- 
 ed to attend the weighty Affairs of his other 
 Government of New-HampJhire, advifed 
 him to prepare an exact Account of what 
 he had taken from thtFrtncb, to be laid be- 
 fore him at his Return. In the mean Time, 
 ti^e Fiih on Board beginning to fpoil, the 
 Captain defired the Advocate- General to 
 libel the Vcffels and Cargoes in the Court 
 
 of
 
 Part II. 0/JohnKer, Efqi 53 
 
 of Admiralty, and move for a Sentence of 
 ConfTfcation, purfuant to the Treaty of 
 Neutrality. The Judge, Monfr. Menzies 
 feemed very unwilling to proceed in the 
 Governor's Abfence, but the Confederation 
 of Forty Pounds New- England-Money, a 
 Hogfhead of Claret, and a large Cask of 
 Brandy, made him wave all others, and fo 
 the whole was adjudged to be difpofed of 
 by Captain Sniart^ for the Ufeof the King. 
 
 His Excellency , notwithstanding the 
 Decree, no fooner returned, than he gave a 
 written Order to the Marfhal of Admiralty 
 to raife the Pofle, and force the Prizes out 
 off Captain Smart's Cuftody, but the Mar- 
 fhal finding no Body ib obfequious to the 
 Vice- Admiral (as he ftiles himfelf ) as to 
 venture on fo defperatean Attempt, turned 
 his Military Exploit into a fubmiiiive Com- 
 plement ; and thus Captain Smart faved his 
 Prizes, though he loft by it that great Man's 
 Favour. 
 
 I T would be too trifling for the Subject 
 I am upon, to purfue the Circumstances of 
 this Affair any farther; but it ought not 
 to be forgot, that by , his Excellency's 
 Means, Captain Smart was imprifoned, his 
 Friend Mr. Smith the Advocate-General 
 and Mr. Coolie turned out of a 
 E 3 Place
 
 54 MEMOIR S Part II. 
 
 Place of 300 /. a Year, for aflcrting the Go- 
 vernor was no Blockhead, tho' I muft own 
 there is as fevere a Law againft lying in that 
 Country, as there is in all others, againft the 
 moft predominant Vices j I fhall therefore 
 only mention two ihort Paflages, becaufe 
 they ferve to explain what I am by and by 
 to offer to pubiick Confederation. 
 
 THE firft is this. About two or three 
 Months after Captain Smart had left Qan- 
 feaux, a French Officer arrived at Boftcn, 
 with Inftnidtions from the Governor of 
 Cape Brctcn, to demand Satisfaction for the 
 Injury done the Subjeds of France, and Re- 
 fritution of the Veflels. He was well re- 
 ceived by the Governor, and advifed to lay 
 the Matter before his Excellency and the 
 Council-Board, which he did in iuch Terms, 
 that Captain Smart thought himfelf obliged 
 in Duty to his Majcfty, as well as in Juftice 
 to himfelf,to complain in a Letter to thereof 
 that Gentleman's Manner of Negotiating, 
 feeing what he had done was by their own 
 Direction, for their Intereft, and approved. 
 Whether this Letter was ever read in Coun- 
 cil, I will not be positive, but it wrought 
 fo little upon the Governor, that in his An- 
 fvver, he told'Captain S?nart the French had 
 been too feverely uied, and that the Gover- 
 nor of Cat>e Breton ousht to have been firft 
 
 :<,}.*? i * / v .* -*.*') r j i 
 
 conluli^d,
 
 Part II. of John Ker, Efq; 55 
 
 confulted, tho' he knew very well at the fame 
 time, that no Engliffiman durft Trade there 
 without that Governor's Licenfe , and ac- 
 cordingly, it was moved at the Board, That 
 their Agent in England ftiould be directed to 
 ufe his beft Endeavours at Court for obtain- 
 ing Reparation for the Lofles the French had 
 fulhined at Canfeaux -> but fome of thefe 
 grave Senators were too wife to give into 
 Inch Meafures as muft infallibly have ruined 
 their Country. However, I am informed, 
 that an Order was fent over from the Re- 
 gency, one may eafily guefs who were the 
 Sollickers, requiring Captain Smart to de- 
 liver up what he took, or the Value, not- 
 withftanding a former Order from the King, 
 whereby His Majefry wjsgracioufly pleafed 
 to grant to him and his Officers the whole; 
 but this is the Captain's Bufinefs, not mine, 
 and fo I leave it. 
 
 THE other Paflage is of the fame Na- 
 ture with the firft, and only confirms it. 
 When Captain Smart was at Canfeaux^ a- 
 mong the French Inhabitants, he found orte 
 la Sonde, who had formerly lived near An- 
 napolif-Royalj and fworn Allegiance to the 
 late Queen ; but afterwards removing to 
 Cape Breton, and from thence to Ca;ifeanx y 
 by his Practices and Influence on the Indi- 
 he fored our People to quit the Place, 
 E 4 , burnt
 
 5 <5 MEMOIR'S Part II. 
 
 burnt their Vefifels, and committed the 
 greateft Outrages, and even Murther upon 
 them, for which he pretended to have a 
 Commiffion from the Governor of Cape Bre- 
 ton ,- what Truth may be in that, it is cer- 
 tain, Colonel Doucet 9 Lieutenant-Governor, 
 of Nova Scotia, the Governor being then 
 .Abfent, fent feveral Complaints againft this 
 laSonde, to the French Governor, without 
 the leaft Effect: Upon Colonel Douce fs 
 Letters, and at the earneft Requeft of the 
 Englijb Merchants and Matters, Captain 
 Smart carried him to Bofion, where he de- 
 livered him up to Colonel Shute^ with the 
 Reafons he had to bring him. His Excel- 
 lency, who without doubt is a very good na- 
 turid Man, having talked with Monfieur la 
 Sonde a fide, told him 1 , lie was as good an 
 Englifhman 'ar he was, and inftead of exa- 
 mining into the Truth of what was alledg- 
 ed againft him, or fending him to Colonel 
 Dottcet, within vvhofe |urildi#ion he had re- 
 Cded, and committed the Crimes charged 
 upon him, he defired he might give into the 
 Council-Board an Account of what he had 
 loft by Captain Swart's Expedition. The 
 Account was brought in andfworn to; and 
 though every Article of it was difproved 
 t>y the Oaths of very worthy Men, yet the 
 Governor would have Monlr. la Snnde ft ill 
 pals for an boneft Fellow. But the trading 
 
 Part
 
 Part II. of John Ker, Efy 57 
 
 Part of the Country being extreamly pror 
 voked at fuch Proceedings, fent from all 
 Parts, Accufutions and Affidavits againft him ; 
 fo that being furniihed with a private Pafs, 
 and as much Money as purchafed a Veilel, 
 he was content to march off in the dark, 
 and to confirm the good Opinion his Excel- 
 lency was pleafed to entertain of him, burnt 
 one of our Ships immediately after his Re- 
 turn to Nffva Scotia. 
 
 THUS do the French treat us in Aine- 
 rica-> when there is the firmed Alliance be- 
 tween the two Crowns, and thus are we 
 frotetfedy and if under fuch Circumftances 
 our Plantations ihall ever attain to a profpe- 
 IQUS and flouriihing Condition, I will ven- 
 ture to fay, it muft be the fame Way Duke 
 'Robert of Normandy was carried into Hea- 
 ven. The Story is long, and therefore I 
 beg Leave to refer to the Hiftory of the 
 Holy Wars, where the Reader may find 
 it. 
 
 , I have infifted the longer on this Head, 
 that all may be able to judge how effen- 
 tial it is to the Prefer vation of our Colo- 
 nies, efpecially New England, that Nova 
 Scotia fhould be planted and put in a Con- 
 dition to. make Head againft the French. I 
 can affirms that if the Charges the Nation 
 
 hath
 
 58 MEMOIRS Part II. 
 
 hath been at ever fince the Peace, in main- 
 taining a numerousGarrifon atAnnapolis-Roy- 
 0/,when fifty Men might have done the fame 
 Service, had they been employed that Way, 
 they would before this Time have had their 
 Money returned with double Intereft. A 
 certain French Author, above thirty Years 
 ago, having given an Account of this Coun- 
 try, and the Advantages it yielded at that 
 Time to France, *viz. Furs, Naval-Stores, 
 Fifh, &c. concludes with a Prophecy, That 
 the Englijh would be fole Matters of it fome 
 Time or other j I hope the Prophecy will be 
 true, but I am forry I Ihould have Reafon 
 to fay, That it // not yet fulfilled. 
 
 Tarpeio quondam cccinit de Venice Comix. 
 Eft bene non potuit dicere dixit erit. 
 
 AND now, Reader, having obferved to 
 you the eafy Accefs the French have to all 
 our Colonies on the Continent of America, 
 from Canada and Louifiana by Land and 
 Water, and that without the Aid of the 
 Indian^ our Neighbours, it will not be in 
 our Power to prevent their Irruptions. I 
 come in the next Place, to confider the Con- 
 dition we are in to defend our felves againft 
 the French, if they fhould attack us within 
 our Settlements* 
 
 TRO*
 
 Part II. of John Ker, EJq; 59 
 
 T H o' the French in Canada have nei- 
 ther exceeded us in Numbers, nor the reft 
 of their Countrymen in Courage, neverthe- 
 lefs it is certain, they have gained upon 
 us for many Years paft; and whilft Lewis 
 the XlVth was loiing Towns and Bat- 
 tles in Europe, they had the good For- 
 tune to extend their Conquefts, and enlarge 
 his Dominions in America. Nor will this 
 feem any Matter of Wonder, to one who 
 reflects ferioufly on the Conftitution and 
 Form of their Government, the Encourage- 
 ment they have from the Crown of France, 
 and their dextrous way of managing the 
 Indians. 
 
 I T has been a Maxim conftantly obferved 
 by all Princes and States, who have planted 
 Colonies or fubdued Nations, to keep them 
 united under the Command of particular 
 Governors, in Subordination to others, who 
 prefided over the whole, to the end Juftice 
 might be impartially adminiftred, Seditions 
 prevented, or eafily fuppreflfed ; and each 
 inferior '-Government ftrengthened and fup- 
 ported by the reft. In the Rotfian Empire, 
 which contained one hundred and twenty 
 Provinces, and near three hundred Cola- 
 nies, we find only four Prefects or chief Go- 
 vernors under the Emperor, in the King- 
 doms pf Peru and Mexico two, and in Cana- 
 -~ da
 
 do MEMOIRS 
 
 da^ to which 'Louisiana is added, but one. 
 And left it Ihould be imagined, that an 
 extenfive Command muft neceflarily be at- 
 tended with Arbitrary Power, it may be 
 affirmed with a great Deal of Truth, that 
 the Governor-General of Canada is more 
 effectually retrained from breaking in., either 
 iipon the Rights of the Crown, or thofe of 
 the Sybjed) than the moft petty Governors, 
 
 being liable to the Check of the Intendant 
 in the firft Cafe, and of the Sovereign Coun- 
 cil in the Lft. 
 
 BESIDES Guards and Garrifons, there is 
 a confiderable Body of regular Troops con- 
 tinually employed in the Service of the 
 Colony, without the leaft Burthen or 
 Charge to the Planters : All Civil Officers 
 as well as Military, have certain Yearly Pen- 
 iions fettled upon them, and none are ad- 
 mitted into Places of the greateft Truft, but 
 fuch as have diftinguiflied themfelves at the 
 Court of France by their Quality and Me- 
 rit, under whofe Adniiniftration tue Conn- 
 try is become fo Populous. that as I <~m in- 
 formed, it contains at prefent soc^oo Souls. 
 This frodigiou^ Jncreaie is chiefly to be a 
 cribed to their inter-marrying with the 7#t 
 diar.s, wliom by thi<> mem.s tiiey firmly en- 
 gage in their Inte eft. In every Tribe there 
 are fome Miflioaary Priefts, and tho' few or 
 
 none
 
 Part II. of John Ker, Efo 6 1 
 
 none of the Savages have ever been made 
 thorough Converts to the Truth of the 
 Cbriftian Religion, yet in all other Matters, 
 they look upon thefe good Fathers as Ten- 
 telar Gods, and give themfelves up entirely 
 to be dire&ed by their Councils. 
 
 O N the other Hand, the Country po 
 feflfed by the Englifh in America, feems to be 
 much in the fame State Britain was at the 
 fh'ft Entrance of the Romans^ for as that was 
 divided (to u(e the Words of a good Hifto- 
 rian) * into federal Nations, each governed by 
 its own Kings and f articular Princes different 
 in their Ends and Counfels, it was more eafi- 
 /y fubdued by united Forces : for dum finguli 
 fugnabant univerfi <vincebantur y i. e. While 
 they fought in fingle Bodies, the whole I/land 
 was conquered j fo in this Country, to draw 
 the Parallel no farther, we have thirteen 
 Colonies at leaft feverally governed by their 
 refpe&ive Commanders in chief, according 
 to their peculiar Laws and Conftitutions. It 
 would be too tedious and foreign to my De- 
 fign to confider the feveral Sorts of Govern- 
 ment eftabliflied in thefe Provinces, and the 
 different Views and Interefts they have to 
 purfue i nor would I give the Reader Oc- 
 
 Sir William Templc t
 
 rfi MEMOIRS Part it. 
 
 cafion to think that I am an Enemy to thofe 
 Liberties and Privileges, moft of them en- 
 joy by the Favour of the Crown - y I fliall 
 therefore only obferve, that next to their 
 being independent one of another, nothing 
 weakens our Plantations more, nor will ex- 
 pofe them to greater Danger in Cafe of a 
 War with France, than the unskilful Ad- 
 miniftration (to call it no worfe) of thofe, 
 who are appointed Governors of many of 
 them, and are left to truft to Providence for 
 their Subfiftance. 
 
 I will not fay that all who go thither, 
 like thofe in David's Camp, are in Debt or 
 Dijirefs, and confequently unfit to advance 
 Matters of publick Intereft ; but we may 
 find fome in London, who can inform us, 
 that in time of War, the Indians have been 
 fupplied with Powder and Shot, the French 
 with Pwvifions, and the Spaniards, with Na- 
 val Stores. Themiftocles faid, that be could 
 not play on a Fiddle, but underflood how to 
 wake a little City a great one-, but fome of 
 thefe fiddling Gentlemen, by keeping up Par- 
 ties and Factions, and opprefling the Peo- 
 ple under Colour of his Majefty's Author- 
 rity, have made a flourifliing Colony a very 
 poor one. 
 
 AND here I beg leave to mention ano- 
 ther Set of Officers, who are fettled in e- 
 
 very
 
 Part II. of John Ker, Efq-> 6$ 
 
 very Province by Commiffions from Eng- 
 land, but without any Salaries annexed to 
 the ample Powers they are inverted with. 
 Thefe are Judges, Advocates, Regifters, 
 and Marlhals of Admiralty, who having 
 nothing to depend upon but the Fees of 
 Court, and being altogether unqualified for 
 fuch Employments, by promoting litigious 
 Actions, and pronouncing unjuft Decrees, 
 have brought our Trade under a very fen- 
 fible Decay. It is Pity fo nfeful a Court in 
 thefe Parts, fhould not be better eftablifhed : 
 I am perfuaded, if the Nation confidered 
 how much their Intereft depends upon the 
 Profperity of the Plantations, and at the 
 fame Time, what Difcouragements we lie 
 under by the Means of fuch Volunteer Go- 
 vernors, Judges, &c. who ufe their Com- 
 miilions as fome do Letters of Reprizals, 
 they would order thefe Matters to be more 
 ftridly examined, and take proper Methods 
 for preventing fo great Abufes. 
 
 BUT to give now, a more diftinft View 
 of the Difference between the Colonies de- 
 pending abiolutely on the Crown, and fuch 
 as are granted by Patents and Charters, with 
 refpeft to the Refiftance they are able to 
 make in Time of War: I need only com- 
 pare Virginia and New-Tork> with 
 Carolina.
 
 MEMOIRS Part II. 
 
 Virginia was planted Anno 1784, at the 
 Charges, and by the Direction of the in- 
 comparable Sir Walter Raleigh, who took 
 Pofleflion of it by Atftadat and Barlow, in 
 the Name of Queen Elizabeth. In the 
 Year io5, a Commiflion was granted to 
 fome Noblemen and Merchants, to advance 
 the Settlements under the Government of 
 Captain Switb y who was fucceeded by Lord 
 Delaware. Since that Time the Colony 
 has flourifhed fo much, having been al- 
 ways fupplied with great Men for their Go- 
 vernors, who not only kept the Indianr in 
 Subjection, but acquired to the Crown 
 New-York, Nova-Scotia, and all the Coun- 
 tries lying to the Southward of St. Law- 
 rence, as I have faid before, that it is at pre- 
 fent of more Value to England, than per- 
 haps half of the Plantations on the Conti- 
 nent be/ides. 
 
 New-York has been no lefs happily go- 
 verned j they have inviolably maintained 
 their Alliance with the numerous Nations 
 of the hoquoff, and by that Means prefer- 
 ved the Tranquility of their Country. 
 
 ON the contrary, the Inhabitants of New^ 
 England and Carolina, find the Savages im- 
 placably Enemies $ for which, I think* no 
 
 other
 
 Bart II. of John Ker, Efy 65 
 
 other Reafon can be afligned, than that the ; j 
 Governor^ of thefe Colonies., have not Au- 
 thority enough to prevent the unfair Ufage 
 the Indians frequently complain of, or neg- 
 ledt to give them due Satisfaction when 
 they are wronged. Jn fhort, that Perfon 
 ought to be a cunning Man, who treats with 
 the Indians, and therefore the French leave 
 that Bufinefs to the Jefuits. 
 
 T o conclude this Point, As His Maje- 
 fty r s Dominions on this Continent, is can- 
 toned into fo many petty, independant 
 States or Commonwealths, whereof there 
 is fcarce one that can expect Relief or Affi- 
 ftance from another, in the moft imminent 
 Danger, which I could make appear by fe- 
 veral Inftances ; as the Inhabitants of each 
 Colony are unable to defend therr.felves 
 againft a powerful Army of French and In- 
 dians, and the Administration of fome of 
 them too weak and unfteady to be confided 
 in, and as it feems impofTible we Ihould 
 ever fucceed in engaging the Indians on our 
 Side againft the French, for the Reafons I 
 have already given, I think it naturally fol- 
 lows, that feme Time or other, the f/tiffif- 
 fippi will drown our Settlements on the 
 Main of America. 
 
 F THE
 
 65 MEMOIRS Part II. 
 
 THE Third unhappy Circumftance that 
 attends the French fettling in the Louifiana, 
 with refpeft to us, is their being thereby 
 Matters of the Gtdph of Mexico, and con- 
 fequently in a Condition to ruin our Trade 
 to Jamaica. They are already pofTefTed of 
 a great Part of Hifpaniola ; they have not 
 long ago taken Penfacola from the Spa- 
 niards, a Place of very great Importance, and 
 when they have fortified their Settlements 
 at the Mouth of the Miffiffippi, Havana and 
 Vera Cruz will probably fall into their 
 Hands alfo. How much it concerns the In- 
 tereft of England, that the Rights of the 
 Crown of Spain fhould be afferted and pre- 
 ferved in the Weft-Indies, we learn from 
 the Example of Queen Elizabeth, who had 
 it in her Power, as Sir Walter Raleigh af- 
 firms, to have dripped her profefled Enemy 
 King Philip II. of thofe Dominions, and 
 yet could not be prevailed upon by her Offi- 
 cers to put the Defign in Execution. I cannot 
 therefore believe, that the French will ever be 
 allowed, directly 'againft the Letter of the 
 Treaty of Utrecht, to enjoy any Acquifi- 
 tions they have made in America during this 
 War (which undoubtedly we fhould not 
 have engaged in, but upon the wifefl Rea- 
 font, and moft mature Deliberations) fince, 
 in fuch a Cafe, they would plainly have 
 
 made
 
 Part II. of John Ker, Efy; 
 
 made us the Git's Foot, and the headlefs 
 Inftruments of our own Deftrnclion. 
 
 I N the Lift Place, When the French have 
 planted Loufiana, they will be able to fup- 
 ply from thence the Markets of Eurofe with 
 Tobacco, Sugars, and all other Sorts of 
 Commodities, growing or produced in our 
 Plantations, at a much cheaper Rate thari 
 we can ; for befides the Goodnefs of the 
 Soil, and the Induftry and Frugality of the 
 French, wherein they infinitely exceed us 3 
 the Planters are furnifhed with NeceiTa- 
 ries from France at a moderate Price, which 
 is fettled by the Company, and affixed in 
 thofeStore-Houfesand Magazines they have 
 in the Colony, half the Number of Negroes 
 we commonly employ, will fuffice them>. 
 and thefe they have Liberty to bring 
 direclly from Guinea ; the Country a- 
 bounds with all Kinds of Provision, which 
 bur Iflands want extreamly ; nor will the In- 
 habitants be oppreded with grievous Taxes 
 and Impofts, as we are, to fupport their 
 Civil Government : To give you an unde^ 
 niable Inftance of this, Sugar at this Time 
 is ibid in Jamaica for three and twenty Shil- 
 lings per Hundred, and in Hifpaniola for Six 
 and Six-pence, which is the Reafon the Mer- 
 chants in Jamaica clandeftinely import vaft 
 'Quantities of the French Sugars, and fend 
 
 F a therii
 
 d8 MEMOIRS Part II. 
 
 them to England. Whence it is evident, 
 the Confumption of our enumerated Plan- 
 tation Goods, muft center entirely in Great' 
 Britain, and what then becomes of our 
 Commerce up the Elbe and Wefer^ the two 
 Rivers (as we are told) of the greateft Con- 
 fequencein the World ft? England, the Thames 
 and Severn excefted, through whofe Streams 
 fo great a Part of our Riches is conveyed, 
 and flows Home continually amongfi us ? 
 
 WELL! But our Chimerical Gentlemen af- 
 fure us, that the French cannot within the 
 Compafs of an Age, bring their Settle- 
 ments to fuch a Degree of Perfection, as to 
 interfere with our Intereft, and fo we foall 
 have Peace in our Days > if this was true, 
 is there no regard due to thofe who come 
 after us ? Or are we to be the lefs careful to 
 prevent the Danger, becaufe it may only 
 overtake our Children? But to convince 
 us, that even from this Moment we may 
 expect to feel the Effects of their growing 
 Colony, it will be fuffident that 1 obferve 
 only two Ways, amongft many others, the 
 Regent has taken to increafe the Number^ 
 and encourage the Induflry of the Planters. 
 
 FIRST, All Perfons who have a mind 
 to go thither, are furniihed with Ships and 
 at tiie publick Charge ; thofe 
 
 * ^' A _.-*.,, . . - f i 
 
 who
 
 Part II. of John Ker, 
 
 who are bred up in the Hofpitals (whereof 
 there is a prodigious Number in France) are 
 tranfported in the lame Manner, and every 
 fmgle Man is obliged to marry an Indian 
 Woman. In the next Place, to enable them 
 to Trade amongft themielves, they have a 
 continual fupply of" twenty five Millions in 
 Bank Bills granted them, by an Arret of 
 the 1 6th of July 1719, and as the Preamble 
 of that Arret may ferve to give us a clear- 
 er Idea of the State of that Country, I ftiall 
 here infert it, to fave the Reader's trouble of 
 confulting the publick Papers. 
 
 cc The King having by his Letters Pa- 
 cc tents of the Month of Auguft 1717, e- 
 ftabliihed a Trading Company under the 
 Name of the Weft India Company, and 
 by his Edift in May laft, re-united to the 
 tc fa id Company the Trade to the Eaft-In- 
 cc dies, China,, &c. His Majefty fees with 
 " great Satisfaction, that that Company 
 " takes the beft Meafures for fecuring the 
 " Succefs of its Eftabliftiment, that they 
 " fend a great Number of Inhabitants to 
 c the Country of Louifiana, which was 
 <c granted them, that many private Per- 
 " Tons make Settlements in that Colony, 
 " and fend thither Husbandmen, Tillers, 
 " and other Handicrafts- Men, to manure 
 ^ and improve thf Land, fpvv Corn, plant 
 
 p ? I*- 
 
 cc 
 
 <c
 
 70 MEMOIRS Part II. 
 
 cc Tobacco, breed Silk-worms, and do 
 Cc whatever is neceffary to improve the 
 <c Country.- Furthermore, his Majefty be- 
 cc ing informed that the, faid India Compa- 
 cc ny is at great Charges for tranfporting the 
 <c faid Inhabitants, and furnifhing the Co 
 cc lony with Meal and other Neceffaries, 
 <c till the Land affords a fufficient Quantity 
 ? c of Proviflons for their Subfiftance, .that 
 <c the Company fends thither all Sorts of 
 cc Goods and Merchandizes, to render the 
 u Life of the Inhabitants more comfortable, 
 <c and that for preventing Abufes too fre- 
 <c quent in Colonies, they have taken Care 
 Cc to fettle the Price thereof at a moderate 
 Cc Rate by a general Tariff, &c. Which 
 <c Difpofitions have appeared fo wife and 
 <c neceffary, that his Maje/ly is rcfolved to 
 <c favour the Execution thereof, and know- 
 Cc ing that the exchanging of Goods not 
 Ct being fufificient to carry on Commerce in 
 " its full Extent, it is neceffary in the 
 cc beginning of Eftabliiliments of this 
 c< Nature, to give them all poflible Pro- 
 <c teclion and Countenance, his Majefty has 
 " refolved to fupply the faid Company 
 <c with a Sum of Bank Bills to enable the 
 c< Inhabitants of Lcuifiana to Trade amongft. 
 cc themfelves, and bring into France the 
 cc fruits of their Labour, Induftry and Oe- 
 f conomy, without any Rilque or Charge. 
 
 THE
 
 Part II. of John Ker, 'Efq; ji 
 
 THE Effecls of thefe wife Ordinances 
 are but too vifible, their Settlements being 
 already farther advanced, and in a better 
 Condition than ours were in Virginia for 
 twenty Years after it was firft planted; 
 nor indeed is it poffible to conceive how 
 they can mifctiwy^in their vaft Defigns, be- 
 ing fupported by the Revenues of France, 
 and thofe Revenues increafed by their In- 
 duftry and Labour. 
 
 W o u L D a certain Body of Men, who 
 in fome other Points difdain not to Copy 
 after Mr. Law's Slhemes, inftead of Stock- 
 
 ' ft i 
 
 jobbing the publick Bebts ('whereby the 
 Nation evidently lofes great Sums, efpeci- 
 ally to Foreigners) employ their Money and 
 Intereft at Court, in'fecuiing and enlarging 
 our Trade, by plantjng fine Countries be- 
 longing to the Crown inv4/#mVtf, which at 
 
 prefent are inhBi^ed by Indians only, and 
 wild Beafts, thfy knight with a great Deal 
 of Juftice be entitled to the Honour of be- 
 ing thought the Englifi Miffiffippi Company ; 
 but if neither this nor any other Underta- 
 king equally Beneficial to the Kingdom be 
 intended, I leave every Reader to judge, 
 whether malicious Perfons at leaft, will not 
 be ready to. fuggeft, that whilft fome go a- 
 boiit to leffen our Apprehenhons of a real 
 
 F 4 Dan-
 
 71 MEMOIRS Part II. 
 
 Danger, they endeavour only to amufe us 
 with Chimeras of their own. 
 
 HAVING finished the Refle&ions, I pro- 
 pofed, on the Confequences of the French 
 letling themfelves in Louifiana with Ref- 
 peft to our Plantations, I /hall recite the 
 Words of Dr, D'Awnant, which may very 
 properly, in my Opinion, be applied to the 
 French at this time ,- In fome Parts theyfuf- 
 flant ur, and every where out-wit us, and 
 when we obferve them ftill endeavouring to 
 get Ground., and never yielding any Point, but 
 forming long Schemes, calculated to take Ef> 
 feel for many Tears to come, in order to enlarge 
 themfehw at any Expence, it will become good 
 Patriots to look about lhem> and to take 
 Care, left in time, England fiould be in a Man- 
 ner excluded from the Commercial World. 
 
 I am lorry, to find it confirmed at this 
 Juncture, that my Fears about the Planta- 
 tions are but too well juftified by the Ac- 
 counts we have juft now received from 
 South-Carolina, the Subftance whereof is, 
 that the Inhabitants have Depofed their Go- 
 vernor, and fet up one of their own chufing 
 in his Room. In what manner thefe Pro- 
 ceedings will be refented in England, I will 
 not take upon me to determine, but with 
 Submiflion to pur $uferiors, I beg 
 
 Jeayp
 
 Part II. of John Ker, Efq', 
 
 leave to affirm , that they will find it no 
 eafy Matter to prevent fuch unwarrantable 
 Steps, fo long as Oppreffion and Corruption 
 are furTered to reign amongft us, and thofe 
 who are injured, muftbe obliged to attend 
 fome Boards many Months, nay Years, and 
 at Jaft return perhaps without being Heard. 
 When the Roman Grandee told the old Wo- 
 man, who delivered him a Petition, that he 
 was not at Leifure to mind it, ihe fmartly 
 replied, exue te officio, then quit your Pojt. 
 
 I would therefore, as one Inftance, have 
 the following Cafe duly weighed, for which 
 Purpofe, I have here inferted it, becaufe it 
 fujly explains what I have already advanced 
 concerning the Courts of Admiralty eftabli* 
 ihed in America. 
 
 A Gentleman, who was Advocate Gen- 
 eral in one of thefe Courts, having been 
 fufpended, very unjuftly as he believed, by 
 the carrying his Complaint to England. Soon 
 after his Arrival, he fignified in a Letter 
 to a Perfon of Bonour, that the hard Ufage 
 he had met with from C. S. in being di 
 charged by his Order on the 23d of June 
 1719 without any Colour of Reafon or No- 
 tice given him, not only from exerciiing the 
 Office of Advocate General, but likewife 
 pleading in the Court during his plea- 
 
 fure,
 
 74 MEMOIRS Part II. 
 
 fure and had forced him to leave America, in 
 order to make his Application to the Lords 
 tithe Admiralty more effectually, and that if 
 their Lordlhips would give him leave, he 
 hoped he fhould be able to prove, that as the 
 Governor in Quality of Vice-Admiral, had 
 uied his utmoft Endeavours to fupprefs their 
 Lordlhips Authoriy and jurifdidion in thofe 
 Parts, and thereby ruin the Trade of the 
 Inhabitants; fo the OpprefTion he complain- 
 ed of, proceeded only from his adhering to 
 the ftri& Rules of his Duty, and refuting to 
 juftify fuch Arbitrary Practices. 
 
 THIS Letter was followed by a Memo- 
 rial to the Board, wherein he reprefented, 
 that after the many Complaints, which had 
 been laid before their Lordfhips againft 
 that Governors Proceedings with Refpeft to 
 Admiral^ Matters, the little Regard he had 
 Ihevved to their repeated Orders, and the In- 
 juries the Complainant fuffered from him for 
 aflerting the Rights of the Crown and their 
 Authority, he humbly conceived, it was his 
 Duty to attend their Lordfliips with a full 
 and particular Account of the great Abufes 
 committed by that Gentleman, under Co- 
 lour of his Com mi/lion for being Vice- Ad- 
 miral And firft, 
 
 fe: > . -*>.. 
 
 THAT
 
 Part II. of John Ker, EJq', 75 
 
 T H A T by Virtue thereof, he alfumed 
 the Power of iffuing out Warrants under 
 his Hand and Seal (with a Claufe directing 
 military Execution to be ufed in Cafe of 
 Refinance) to the Marjhal of Admiralty , or 
 fuch other Perfons, as he thinks fit to ap- 
 point from time to time, for citing Parties., 
 examining Witneffes^ making Di '{cowries upon 
 Oath of Perqwfites of Admiralty , and for 
 feizing under that Pretence , Skiff and Effeds, 
 and difpofing of the fame without any legal 
 Procefs or Tryal to his own Ufe, and generally 
 to execute by his own Authority only, an other 
 judicial Ads whatsoever, to the grievous Oj>- 
 frejfion of his Majeflies Subjects 3 &c. 
 
 T o prove this Article, he fet forth, that 
 the mpft beneficial, and indeed the only 
 Trade that Country has to depend on during 
 the Winter Seafon, is Wbf&t-ftfhiftg* where- 
 in the Method conftantly obierved by thofe, 
 who work upon the Whales^ is, after they 
 have ftruck their Irons, and marked the 
 Places which are wounded, they leave them 
 to be driven afhoar by the Winds and Tides, 
 and upon making out their refpe&ive Proper- 
 ties, they have the Whales delivered up by 
 the Finders. That the 'Vice Admiral^ not- 
 withftanding clear and evident Proofs 
 brought by the Claimants, not only pofltffed 
 himfelf at feveral Times of fundry Wbak^ but 
 
 took
 
 7<5 MEMOIRS Part II. 
 
 took by Force confiderable Quantities of Oil 
 and Bone out of the Hands of the lawful 
 Owners, and laft Winter feized about /thir- 
 teen Whales, which were killed in the Bay a 
 aud taken upon the Land. 
 
 THAT the faid Advocate General at the 
 Requeft of the Parties aggrieved, and pur- 
 fuant to his Duty, moved in Court, that t;he 
 Property of the Whales might be tryed and 
 adjudged according to Law, and that hav- 
 ing exhibited Libels for that Purpofe, he 
 obtained a Decree upon one of them in Fa- 
 vour of the Claimers, tho' by means of the 
 Governor's fliam Warrants, feveral long and 
 unneceflary Adjournments of the Court, and 
 many other Obftru&ions which were thrown 
 in the way, to deter others from applying 
 in the like manner for Redrefs, the Charg*- 
 es equalled almoft the Value of the Whale ; 
 but that two Days before he was to be heard 
 on the reft, to prevent making any farther 
 Oppofition to his Excellency's Intereft, he 
 was fuff ended from the Exercife of#ny Em- 
 ployment in that Court, by a private Order di- 
 re#ed to the Judge, 
 
 THERE are many more Articles con- 
 tained in this Memorial againft the Vice Ad- 
 mirals Conduct, which I omit j it is fufrki<. 
 ent here to take Notice only, that the Per-
 
 Part II. of John Ker, Ef<p 77 
 
 fon who prefented it, affured me that it had 
 been his Misfortune to find no Accefs to 
 the Rt. Hon. Board, and that neither the 
 Mfntdrial nor the following Letter were 
 thought worth reading. 
 
 Abftraft ofaLETTER concern- 
 ing the Officers of Admiralty 
 in Newfoundland. 
 
 SIR, 
 
 /N the Reprefentation I lately gave in, I 
 did with great Submijjion cbferve to their 
 Lordjhipr, That the Court of Admiralty efla- 
 blifhed in Newfoundland, infiead of being 
 ufeful to the Trade and Navigation of the 
 Country, f roves at prefent an intolerable Grie- 
 vance, and infome of my Letter* from thence^ 
 1 acquainted you, That in my humble Opinion^ 
 the Abufes therein complained of, could neither 
 be prevented nor reformed any other way^ then 
 by appointing Men of Probity and Knowledge^ 
 and in all other Refpeffj fitly qualified to exe- 
 cute the federal Offices voter e of the Court confiftf. 
 
 THAT I may explain this Matter more 
 fully, I beg leave, from the Experience and 
 Knowledge I have had of the Officer.^ who 
 arenowbyyirtueoftheir Wat-rani^ in the 
 Exsrcife oj thsfe Ewploymtitt t to give
 
 78 MEMOIRS Part II. 
 
 Jou the following Account of their Ability and 
 Conduct. 
 
 THE Judge, befideshis unskilfulnefs in 
 the Maritime Laws, and unintelligible Kind 
 of Speech, hath been fo notcrioufly guilty of 
 Corruption, that very few Cafes of any Im- 
 portance have been brought before him, where- 
 in his Intereft hath not over-ruled his Judg- 
 ment, and framed the Decifion in Favour of 
 the higheft Bidder. In June 1717, a Con- 
 troverfy happening amongjl the frifhermen, 
 concerning the Property of two Whales, he 
 took one to himfelf to anfwer his Cofts, and di- 
 vided the other between the contending Par" 
 ties, in Consideration of 30 1. over and above 
 his Cofls paid to him by thofe who in Juflice 
 were entitled to no Share at all. He could not 
 be prevailed with to proceed to a Condemna- 
 tion of Captain Smart V Prizes > before he way 
 affttred of receiving 40 1. and taking Advan- 
 tage of the Difference between the Governor, 
 and Captain Smart, he refufed at laft to give 
 Sentence without a larger Premium, viz. a 
 liogfoead of French Claret, and a Cask of 
 Brandy, which Captain Smart, to prevent the 
 Priza being delivered up to the Governor,, 
 was forced to yield to. In May 1718, he ac- 
 quitted a Ship called the King George, which 
 was Libelled for importing from Ireland, lron 
 French Brandy, and Iriih Freeze^ contrary to
 
 Part II. of John Ker, Ef<$ 
 
 Law, in Confederation of having affigned 
 over to hi?/!, as it is believed, two Men Ser- 
 vants^ valued at 2 2 1. each. To thefe, and 
 many mere undeniable Inftances of Bribery, 
 may be added other Parts of his Conduct, not 
 only unbecoming, but with Submijfion, entire- 
 ly inconfiftent with the Character of an upright 
 Judge y namely, his folliciting and drawing 
 vexatious Suits before him, only for the Sake 
 of Cofls, and encouraging for that End, At- 
 torneys, and others, to create Barrels between 
 Sailors and their Maflers - y bis advifing Par- 
 ties privately, both before and during the 
 Trial, how to proceed , his compounding for 
 Cofls before Sentence, and altering the Sentence 
 after it is pronounced and lodged in Court fe- 
 ver al Times, according to the fever al Applica- 
 tions made to him by the contending Parties. 
 
 THE Regifter is the Governor s menial 
 Servant, and the immediate Instrument made 
 ufe of by his Mafter in committing many of 
 thofe Abufes, which I have humbly reprefented 
 to them, the Warrants and Orders complained 
 of, being commonly ifjued out by the Regifter, 
 and confequently of greater Authority, as com- 
 ing from a 'legal Officer. Nor is it to be ex- 
 petfed, that Juflice can be impartially admi- 
 niftfred in a Court, whilft the Per/on who ought 
 to be the Hinge of it, is wholly under the Di- 
 veftion and Command of one, who makes no 
 
 f ' ~ ' /- 
 
 Scruple^
 
 go MEMOIRS Part II. 
 
 Scruple to facrifice the Court > &c. to his Arbi- 
 trary Power. 
 
 As to the Marflial, I have often mention- 
 ed him to you in my Letters as a wry corrupt 
 Officer y both in the Cuftom-Houfe and Admi- 
 ralty* in which Employments the Governor 
 f,nds it neceffury to continue him, notwithftand- 
 ing their Lord/tips Order to the contrary, by 
 ~Reafon his Warrants for feizing Ships and 
 Goods, are always directed to him ; and fo 
 punctual he is in the executing of them, that 
 in Contempt of the Decree of Court, he attempt- 
 ed to force Captain SmartV Prizes out of his 
 PoffeJJion. In c'veryCafe he exatts treble Fees 
 at leaft, and combining with the Regtfter, 
 takes out Warrants under the Seal of the Of- 
 fice, for arrejling poor ignorant Strangers^ and 
 then compounds for a Sum of Money to dif- 
 charge them. I hai)e often complained in 
 Court of thefe Prattices, but -found the Judge 
 too deeply engaged himfelf to fuffer Matters of 
 this Kind to come under a ftrift Examina- 
 tion. 
 
 Br this brief Description, which I can 
 fwve, and enlarge to a hundred Particulars 
 more, you may eafily perceive what a wretched 
 Court this muft needs be, that is made up of 
 fuch Member s y with whom an bone ft Man 
 would think it a Scandal to act in Society ; 
 
 and
 
 Bart II. of John Ker, Efr, 81 
 
 and how unhappy the People who live with- 
 in the Limits of its Jurifditfion > and as it is 
 'very unlikely, that thefe Offices which have no 
 Salaries annexed to them> can be fupplied 
 from England with Men of Worth, and fucb 
 competent Fortunes, as may fecure them from 
 falling before the Temptations their Necejjities 
 would certainly expofe them to ; / hope it will 
 feem reasonable that none be admitted but fucb 
 as are recommended by Men of figure and 
 Efleem in the Country ; and it being as un- 
 likely that even good Officers can faithfully dip* 
 charge their Duty, fo long as the Governor, 
 by Virtue of his Power, over-awes them into 
 a Compliance with his Orders : I humbly fub- 
 init it to their Lordfliips Wifdom, whether it 
 would not be for His Maje fly's Service, the 
 Intereft of his Subjects, and their Lordfhips 
 Honour, that the Governors Jhould be di'veft- 
 ed of that Power, as others have been her etc* 
 fore, and that the Money arifing by Perqui- 
 fites of Admiralty, Jhould be levied* collefted 
 and applied, by fuch Perfons, and to fuch 
 Ufes, as their Lordfliips jhall from Time to 
 Time be f leafed to direcl. 
 
 
 BEFORE I proceed any farther with 
 (what I am fenfible will be called) thefe 
 feeble Remarks of mine, I think my felf 
 
 Q bound
 
 bound both in Honour and Probity to ac- 
 knowledge, that the moft judicious Obfer- 
 vations above-recited, were confirmed by 
 the long Experience of my late learned Friend 
 and Countryman Mr, James Smith, L. L. D. 
 and Advocate-General of Carolina. To his 
 Memory, therefore, the Publick ftands in- 
 debted for thefe invaluable Confiderations 
 on the Confequences of the French fetling 
 Colonies on the Mijffiffippi, with refpeft to 
 the Trade and Safety of the Englijh Plan- 
 tatiwf in America, and the Weft-Indies. And 
 I fhall quit the Subject in Debate, by an Ap- 
 plication of two Pafiages from the Poet and 
 the Orator, 
 
 ' Qttis cum mat arduus SEther 
 Comflofas tenuiffe mmus <vdit, fays 
 Lucati. 
 
 A N b then pronounces Cicero, Nam qu< 
 rcliqua fpes manet libertatif, fi illis & quod li- 
 bel licet ; Et quod libel poffunt : Et quod 
 foffunt, aiident-^ Et quod audcnt, faciunt : 
 Et quod -fachmt) <vobis moleftum non eft ? 
 (Orat. ad. Heren.) 
 
 THE foregoing, unanfwerable Obferva- 
 tions, of my well-experienced Friend Mr. 
 Smith, have only illuftrated my own Re- 
 marks on the Pofture of the French Affairs, 
 which I lhall now refume : For^ in that 
 
 Nation,
 
 Part II of John Ker, Efy; 
 
 Nation, it has been always found, that in- 
 genious and publick fpirited Men have 
 been employed in the Direction of all their 
 Affairs of Policy ; and our Countryman, the 
 famous Mr. Law, was with the greateft 
 Atfiduity racking his fruitful Invention to 
 make them a rich and happy People, pro- 
 viding Work for the induftiious indigent^ 
 who were aihamed to beg, in this refem- 
 bling another Jofepb, fent before to preferve 
 his Fellow Creatures, railing that Kingdom 
 to fuch a Degree, as no Body ever could 
 imagine, not many Years ago ; and in flncj 
 extending his Concern for the iiriiverfal 
 of Mankind. 
 
 B Y thefe Means tlie Recent hath not dri- 
 ly got all the Money in France in his Hands, 
 but alfo vaft and immenfe Sums from Great- 
 Britain, the Empire, &c. upon which the 
 Mifliffippi Company and Bank are both fe- 
 cured, even againft Defpotick Government 
 it feif, having made it fo much the Intereft 
 of the moft abfolute Government to pre- 
 ferve both, that if the King ftiould offer to 
 feize either, by his Arbitrary Authori- 
 ty, it muft infallibly confound and deftroy 
 both Government and Subject together. 
 
 UPON thefe two Foundations doth not 
 bnly the Money, but all the personal and 
 
 G 2 jeal
 
 MEMOIRS Part u. 
 
 real Eftates of the Kingdom depend, hav- 
 ing alfo cautioufly provided, that this Stock 
 ihall not tife higher than its real Worth, by 
 eftablifh in gone Office for felling, and ano- 
 ther for buying at a certain Value, where- 
 in both Buyer and Seller finds their Advan- 
 tage, to the utter Confufion of Stock-job- 
 bers, fo pernicious to all Nations where that 
 Trade is allowed, whereby the People's 
 Conveniencies and Occaiions are much bet- 
 ter anfwered by the Company it felf, who 
 thereby reap the Benefit that our Stock-job- 
 bers run away withal. 
 
 WHOSOEVER cannot forefee what bad 
 Confequences Great-Britain may at laft fuf- 
 fer from thefe ftupendous Proceedings of 
 the French, nuift be more than blind, which 
 one would think our pfefent Minifters do 
 not feem to apprehend. 
 
 AND! think it is none of theleaft Rea- 
 fons we have to be jealous of their exorbi- 
 tant Power, when fuch a Perfon, above all 
 Temptations of Corruption, is not impro- 
 perly to be faid, at their Helm and Head, 
 whom 1 Ihall not pretend to make Encomi- 
 ums upon, his Actions furpafling all I can 
 fay, as much as he hath furpaffed the Ricb- 
 liettr, Mazarines, Colberts, and all other 
 bright Men that ever ihone in France. 
 
 THIS
 
 Part II. 0/JohnKer, Eft, 85 
 
 THIS is likewife a demonftrative Ar- 
 gument of the Regent's great Penetration 
 above his Neighbours, to comprehend the 
 Value of fuch a Perfon, by the Projects and 
 Schemes he had formed to ferve Great- Bri- 
 tain and other States, which they unhappi- 
 ly rejected, but he embraced with all In- 
 couragement, whereby he laid the Founda- 
 tion to build fuch a Superftru&ure upon, as 
 the moft ingenious Men we have are not 
 only amazed at, but have taken the Spleen, 
 which juftly intitles him to be the Nurfing 
 Father of his Country, one of the richeft 
 and greateft BlefTings any Nation can enjoy.' 
 
 I F we fall out with Fiance, or they with 
 us, which is very poffible, we ihall find 
 them a more powerful Match for us, than 
 they were in the late Reigns, and even then 
 every Child can remember they were hard 
 enough for all Europe. 
 
 NAY, it is more than poffible, that the 
 very Indians will take Part with them at 
 laft, for Premiums are politickly given to 
 all Subjects that marry Indian Women, by 
 which Means, either the Indians will gene- 
 rate into French, or the French degenerate 
 into Indians, which is much the fame 
 
 WE
 
 MEMOIRS Part II. 
 
 W E have a late Example of the French- 
 Jnfluence with them, in the Cataftrophe at 
 Carolina, but a few Years ago, where our 
 Colony was near deftroyed, which may per- 
 {uade any Body, that they refolve to run us 
 put of all at laft, and if they do not, we 
 may thank God and their good Nature on- 
 ly, tor which, I am afraid, we fhall not 
 have too much Reafon to bouft, whenever. 
 ifheir own Turn is ferved. 
 
 T o thefe Aflertions, J propofe to meet 
 yflih fome Objections. 
 
 I. THAT the Regent is entirely in, 
 King GEORGEJ Intereft, and ready to ; 
 fupport him on all Occafions, againft the 
 Pretender. 
 
 I anfwer. He is ready enough to fupport 
 Jiim on the Erittfh Throne, becaufe it will 
 contribute to his Intereft, if he takes the fame 
 Meafures to fuccced to that of France, in 
 Cafe the King fhould die, though at pre- 
 fent, he wifely coniiders the true Intereft, 
 Trade and Riches of his own Country, in 
 Pppo/Hon to Great-Britain; and it were to 
 be wilhed, that his glorious Example was 
 followed, to befriend his Succeffion to the 
 frcnch Crown j for no other Reafon, but 
 ^ the
 
 Part II. of John Kcr, Efq-, 87 
 
 the general Intereft of Europe, and Great- 
 Britain particularly, to keep the Crowns of 
 France and Spain feparate; but efpecially, 
 to keep France from getting into its Hands 
 any Thing that belongs to Spain, and to be 
 jealous or France's extravagant Power : But 
 inftead of that, I think I have proved, that 
 we are endeavouring the contrary, for when 
 he is Mafter of the Indie t, he wants nothing 
 but the Spanifh Dominions in Europe, which 
 he hath been wife enough to fuffer the Ger- 
 man and Briti/h Nations to contend for 
 againft the Spaniard^ in order to weaken all 
 thofe, for why fhould not we be as fufpi- 
 cious now, as we were in the Reign of the 
 late King James, whofe Intereft, we all 
 knew, was abetted by the late French King, 
 though he was Great-Britain^ inveterate 
 Enemy at the fame Time, which alarmed 
 the whole Nation, and at laft ended in the 
 King's Ruin. 
 
 Obj. 2. OUR Apprehenfions and Fears 
 will all be at an end upon the general Peace, 
 which is expeded very fpeedily. 
 
 Anfw. Come when it will, it will never 
 anfwer for our late Conduct, nor the great 
 Lofs we have fuffered , for if the Frem.h 
 or Dutch have improved fo much upon this 
 Cond J&, as to have already got, or may 
 get- thofe Trades out of our Hands, pray 
 G 4 how
 
 MEMOI-RS Part II. 
 
 how fliall we recover them Efpecially, if 
 Spain be fb incenfed at us, and, perhaps, 
 defervedly enough, to lay our Trade into 
 their Dominions, under fuch Difadvantages 
 as may very probably throw it entirely into 
 the Hands of thofe our Rivals, who to be 
 fure are always ready to fnatch at all Op- 
 portunities of that Nature, whereby they 
 can either difoblige and -prejudge their 
 Neighbours, or oblige themfelves; and it 
 is certain, that no Peace can prevent France 
 from being Matters of the Spanijh Weft- 
 Jndief, or at leaft our Trade thereunto, and 
 executing their violent Defigns againft our 
 American Colonies whenever they pleafe, 
 as they have wifely managed this Affair : 
 Whereas, had we kept neuter, we fhould 
 have had all Terms and Advantages accord- 
 ing to our Mind, and obliged France to be 
 .cautious how they offended us j for we have 
 lately (through I know not what Counfels) 
 given Spain fuch Treatment, as we have 
 Reafon to fear they will owe us a perpetual 
 Grudge for, when France at the fame 
 Time carded on their Part of the War (b 
 faintly, as we have good Reafon to be- 
 lieve it was all a Sham, becaufe the Regent 
 hath at laft got it in his Power to make 
 what Articles and Stipulations he pleafes, 
 not only for the French, but f6r all the Al- 
 lies, which will, no doubt, be ihaMe ap-
 
 Part II. of John Ker, Efq; 89 
 
 pear to all the World, when the Commerce 
 is eftablifhed, having fecured to himfdf fuch 
 Conditions of Trade, as every wife Prince 
 would doubtlels take care of upon the great 
 Advantages we have given him. 
 
 Obj. 3. France, at prefent, has no Fleet, 
 fo we have nothing to fear from them. 
 
 Anf. THEY are preparing though very 
 faft, both buying and building Ships, not 
 only in all their own Ports, and in Holland, 
 but even in the River Thames. Hath not 
 Mr. Law formed a Company to the North 
 for all Naval Stores^ with a Capital Stock 
 of above Fifty Millions, and joined it to 
 the Miffiffippi Company ? And their New- 
 foundland and European Fifheries, which 
 they are now eftablifhing, will be good 
 Nurferies for Seamen, how long pray then 
 will they want a Fleet ? 
 
 Obj. 4. B u T we have nothing to fear 
 from France, fo long as we have a Check 
 upon the Regent, who muft depend upon 
 our Affiftance to make good his Acceffion 
 to the Crown, againft Philip, and the He- 
 re.ditary Party in that Nation. 
 
 Anf. THIS Objection is obviated, by the 
 King of France's furviving him ; but if he 
 
 fliould
 
 90 MEMOIRS Part II. 
 
 ftiould die before him, the Regent feems to 
 have already taken fuch Meafures as muft 
 infallibly render him fo dear to the People, 
 that the Hereditary-Right-Party there, muft 
 dwindle into nothing j for it cannot be fup- 
 pofed, that any People would defire to 
 change a certain, for an uncertain State of 
 Happinefsj and in this Cafe, the Regent 
 will not need our Afliftance, but be at full 
 Liberty, and have Power enough to ag- 
 grandize himfelf and his Kingdom, and put 
 what other extenfive Views hepleafes in 
 Execution, without any Manner of dread to 
 offend us , and if fuch Meafures were taken 
 here, no doubt the fame Influence would 
 follow, as to banifh all Thoughts of He- 
 reditary Right, &c. away ; and who knows 
 where it may end. 
 
 Obj. 5. Our Woollen Trade, which is the 
 Staple of Great-Britain, cannot be en- 
 croached upon by France, becaufe it is bet- 
 ter than theirs. 
 
 Anf. OUR Woollen Manufactures can- 
 not be fo well managed without a Mixture 
 of the Spanijh Wooll, which, when the 
 French Monopolizes to themfelves with the 
 reft of their Trade, their Woollen Cloth 
 will foon be better than ours, and by the 
 late Meafures, Spain will either be perfuad- 
 
 ed
 
 Part II. of John Ker, EJq-, 
 
 ed by Treaty and private Alliances, or be 
 forced by War, considering the French late 
 great Improvements, and other Conqnefts 
 in America., to grant what Conceifions France 
 pleafes to demand. 
 
 FOR this end, the ingenious Mr. Law, is 
 promoting, not only the Woollen- Cloth -Ma- 
 nufactories, but is alio like to rival us in all 
 all other Manufactories of Wooll, as Hats, 
 Stockings, (yc. nay, in all mechanick Trades 
 too, as Watch -Makers, Jewelers, Cutlers 
 of all Sorts, Carpenters and Smiths for all 
 Sorts of Arms; as Founders, 
 
 H E is alfo forming of Fifhing Compa* 
 nies, even upon our Coafts, a Trade no 
 true Britijh Subject could ever be fatisfied 
 with abandoning it to Strangers ; for by it 
 the Hollanders are become, not only very 
 powerful, but even fancy enough to difpute 
 our Title to it more than once ; but had 
 not the Frilling on our Northern Coafts been 
 the Means to raife them from poor mean 
 Circumftances, to the High and Mighty 
 Title and Power they now claim, there 
 needed not fuch Pains and Induftry as was 
 made to court them into an Alliance with 
 us, which they feemed fo very much to 
 
 j r / 
 
 deipife, 
 
 Obj,
 
 91 MEMOIRS Part II. 
 
 Ob}. 6. OUR Debts will foon be paid 
 now by the South-Sea Company, as well as 
 tbofe of France. 
 
 Anf. THOUGH our Miniftry hath en- 
 deavoured, by following Mr. Law's Ex- 
 ample, and I wilh they may have as good 
 Luck, though I doubt they will not, to per- 
 fuade us that they are to clear the Nation 
 of Debt, by their late Tranfa&ions with 
 that Company, which is now become their 
 Favourite. I remember, upon its firft E- 
 re&ion they reckoned it a common Nufance, 
 as indeed abundance of knowing People, I 
 believe not uujuftly, do reckon all publick 
 Companies and Monopolies to be. 
 
 *T i s true, its Capital will amount to, 
 near 5000000, by throwing all the publick 
 Debts into it as far as they can ; but pray 
 what Benefit will the Nation reap by it, for 
 the Intereft of our Debts are the fame as 
 formerly, and conlequently we are no more 
 eafed by it than any Man is, who borrows 
 from one Friend to pay another. It is very 
 convenient fometimes to change Creditor?, 
 but it may be queftioned, whether it be 
 convenient to have feveral Creditors, or 
 only one for the fame Sum c* I muft own 
 it is an Eafe to have only one to deal with ; 
 
 but
 
 Part II. of John Ker, Efq; 93 
 
 but having many, perhaps fome of them 
 may be more eafy than another , now we 
 have got the South-Sea Company inftead of 
 all the reft, and I wifh them Joy ; but it 
 may be likewife a Queftion, If this great 
 Corporation will not at laft affecl: all private 
 Trade ? 
 
 I will beg Leave to trouble my Reader 
 with a merry Obfervation of one of our 
 witty News Mongers, upon Stock-Jobbing 
 of the publick Debts owing to thofe Com- 
 panies. Says he, 
 
 THE Gamefters meet in Exchange-Al- 
 ley, and juft as if they were at Box and 
 Dice, 180^ Soutk~Sea Stock is the main, 
 which brings in all the Bites to fet high, 
 and when the Cullies that are not in the Se- 
 cret, throw at All, they commonly throw 
 out, and lofe the Box, which the Bites take, 
 and the Setters go round, laying Guineas, 
 and moft extravagant Odds upon the Suc- 
 cefs ; but they cog the Dice, and nick the 
 Main, and fo fweep away all the Cafh. 
 
 WH E R E u P o N the Lofers run almoft mad , 
 one Merchant fits raving, for being Yefter- 
 d ay worth 40000 /. and to Day not worth 
 a Shilling : Another great Dealer, who, 
 perhaps, does not value the Lofs fo much, 
 
 fwears
 
 94 MEMOIRS Part II. 
 
 fwears he is Party-bit above 3000 /. and a 
 third fwears he hath loft above 20, but will 
 never pay a Shilling of it, let them find his 
 Effe&s or Perfon if they can, but who 
 pities them ? What have Merchants to do 
 to turn Gamefters ? What have Linen and 
 Woollen Men to do with Box and Dice ? 
 Thefeare very difmal Effects ! 
 
 THE South-Sea Company being now 
 mounted, and become the EngliJhMijfftfftppi, 
 are to pay all Debts fometime or other if 
 they can, though by the Bye, if all our Debts 
 were paid, they would be paid too, and 
 then where is your South-Sw Company ? 
 
 WHAT Advantage is it to Great-Bri- 
 tain in general, to have Things fell for 
 more than they are worth ? e.g. 
 
 SUPPOSE a Company's Stock to rife 
 to 2 oo per Cent, at this Kate, they may pro- 
 po(e to buy the Nation's Debts well enough, 
 fuppofe Annuities, Tallies, &c. if the Sel- 
 lers, will take one Shilling for two, the 
 Buyers may well give Thirty Years Pur- 
 chafe for what was worth but Twenty be- 
 fore . And if the Buyers can put off one 
 Shilling at the Rate of Two, they may do 
 all this, and get ten Years Purchafe by the 
 
 Bargain.- 
 
 BUT
 
 Part II. of John Ker, Efq-> 95 
 
 BUT where will this fall at laft, if new- 
 Shares muft be created to make thefe Pur- 
 chafes, which Shares are vendible in the 
 Market, at double the intrinfick Value : 
 Pray where will it fall when the Price ra- 
 bates ? When what is bought for Two Hun- 
 dred, may fell but at Par ? 
 
 A s to any lafting Benefit the Company 
 propofes by this, methinks it is plain enough, 
 that it can never compare with the French 
 Eaft-India Company, which muft needs 
 have the Afcendant of ours, for thefe Rea- 
 fons. 
 
 i. T H E French have at their Helm, a. 
 Man above all private Views, a perfect 
 Judge of Mankind, whofe generous, ex- 
 tended Thoughts, are employed on proper 
 Means to make that Company anfwer the 
 great Ends of the Nation, and therefore fuf- 
 fers none under him but fuch as are capable 
 and fit to manage what is committed to their 
 Charge, We hear of no Grievances or Com- 
 plaints under his Adminiftration from the 
 French Colonies, as we hear every Day 
 from our own j no fcreening or conniving at 
 unjuft Governors, 
 
 Wkofa loud Opprcffions now demand Supplies 
 Morefrojri BriareusV Hands than ArgusV Eyes* 
 
 2. EVEN
 
 9<5 MEMOIRS Part II. 
 
 2. Even the Defpotick Government of 
 that Nation is an Advantage to him, fince 
 thereby he can contrive and execute in one 
 Day what muft Coft us Applications to 
 Parliament, begging and praying to Mi- 
 nifters of State, Favourites at Court, 
 &c. befides the proper Arguments that 
 muft be ufed with fome leading Man 
 or other to carry any Thing into a 
 Law, which there is no occafion for in 
 France. 
 
 3. I T will be fcarce poflible to unite our 
 great Companies in Britain, becaufe the 
 leading Men and Managers of each have 
 different Interefts and Views, and fo are al- 
 ways jealous of one another. 
 
 4. OUR publick Stocks lie at the Mercy 
 of every Mob News-writer, or other Scrib- 
 ler, who, if they but mention the Preten* 
 der, or any Thing a doing for that Intereft, 
 flap, down go the Stocks, as happened but 
 in February Jaft, upon a little trifling Quar- 
 rel in Scotland, betwixt fome Country Peo- 
 ple and the Crew of a Merchant-Ship who 
 were carrying off fome Corn, the News 
 whereof funk South-Sea Stock 13 per Cent 
 in an Hour's time, fo that France, by Ifl- 
 fmuating any Thing in their Gazette, or 
 
 other wife
 
 Part II. of JohnKer, Efq; 97 
 
 otherwife that may difpleafe or vex us, can 
 affeft our Stocks when they will. 
 
 NAY, we are fo fond of Companies and 
 fuch Trade now, that our Honfe of Com- 
 mons are forced to interpofe, in order to 
 prevent People's fubferving to Chimerical 
 Companies, into this the whole Nation 
 are running mad, which a wife Man would 
 not venture a Shilling upon. 
 
 I wifti we were wife enough to recover 
 as much of our Lofles as we can, by im- 
 proving what God Almighty has laid to 
 our Door, to the beft Advantage, which 
 our unkind Neighbours never thank us for, 
 tho' they are obliged by folemn Treaty to 
 pay us a yearly Tribute upon that Account, 
 which, if it was improved, would doubt- 
 lefs in fome Meafure, not only alleviate 
 our other intolerable Burdens, but likewife 
 juflly add not a little to our Power. 
 
 To illuftrate this Point, I (hall ftate a 
 Comparifbn betwixt the French and /, how 
 unequally we both carry on the War againft 
 Sj)am 3 and upon fome Branches of our Bri- 
 tijh Manufactures at Home, and inform the 
 Reader, what Reafon the Woollen Fac- 
 tors have to Complain, and what Caule 
 ought to be ailigned for the lamentable De- 
 cay of that Trade. 
 
 H Most
 
 MEMOIRS Part II. 
 
 MOST Governments in Europe, but efpe- 
 cially France, make their benevolent propi- 
 tious Thoughts go along with the Mer- 
 chant's Induftry j but with us, the Govern- 
 ment's Thoughts arefeldom employed that 
 Way, leaving it altogether to the Induftry 
 of the Merchants, who have at prefent to 
 ftruggle with the Inconveniencies they are 
 lately plunged into for inftance, the French 
 at War with Spain, as well as we, the 
 Trench feize none of their Ships at Sea, 
 nor they of the French j the Spaniards feize 
 none of their Effeds in Spain, nor they of 
 the Spaniards in France , the french have no 
 Fleet againft the Spaniards, and fo are free 
 of all that Charge. 
 
 BUT we carry on the War both by Land 
 and Sea, and prohibit all Commerce with 
 Spain, they feize all our Effects both in Old 
 Spain and New, and prohibit Trade with 
 us, whereas the Trade betwixt them and 
 France goes on, not with (landing, which 
 muft Convince every Body of the vaft Ad- 
 vantages the French have over us in this 
 War. 
 
 FROM this unequal Management, Ex- 
 pence, and Advantage betwixt France and 
 j in this War, a Stranger would readily 
 
 fuppoie
 
 PartIL of John Ker, Eft-, 99 
 
 fuppofe that our Counfellors in this Affair 
 had been bribed to propofe fuch Meafures 
 as were taken, directly tending to anfwer 
 all the Ends that the Ambition or Co- 
 vetoufnefs of frame could wifh for, and 
 truly fince the Hollanders have fo much 
 handling in our Affairs, and are To much 
 ufed to receive Prefents from the good na- 
 tured People or Great- Britain^ it is reafon- 
 able enough to fuppofe they had a fel- 
 low feeling with their Brethren- Foreigners, 
 which their too good Nature could not re- 
 fift, and it c.innot be denied, but fuch good 
 Service to France deferved a great deal of 
 Gold. 
 
 FROM the whole I infer, that it is too 
 plain 3 every Thing goes againft our Inte- 
 reft, from what Means, Couniel, or Advice, 
 if no Body will join with me, let them find 
 it out tnemfelves, what other Way they 
 can, our Compafling Sea and Land to fup- 
 prefs a Nation, which it is fo^much our In- 
 tereft to prefer ve from failing a Prey to 
 another, whole ftupendous Power we have 
 fo much Realoa to dread, befides their po- 
 litick Induftry, which we fiiali find at laft 
 more pernicious than all that the dull proud 
 Spaniards can Contrive, whofe lazy Indo- 
 lence is fo much the more our Advantage, 
 that we are thereby rendred their Manu- 
 H * fa&urers
 
 100 MEMOIRS Part II. 
 
 facturers and Carriers, to the vaft Increafe 
 of our Wealth and Trade, which muft de- 
 cay proportionably, with whatfoever Ad- 
 vantages and Additions the French make 
 to their Power and Strength in America, 
 whereby they can check the Spaniard when 
 they find it convenient : And if it be true, 
 that they have by virtue of the late Treaty 
 privately procured a Trade to the Sfanifl) 
 Weft-Indies. I am afraid Britain will have 
 too much Reafon to dread the Confe- 
 quences, which as naturally follows upon 
 it, as that every Blow we gave Spain, was 
 a Wound to our own Vitals. 
 
 I muft be bold to. call him a bafe Philo- 
 fopher, that will offer to conclude from any 
 of thefe Premises, that I am any Way in 
 the Intereft of Spain, farther than it inter- 
 feres with that of Gnat- Britain j I have 
 not the leaft Inclination that Way, nor do 
 I like any Thing in the Spaniards, but their 
 Indolence, their Idlenefs and Pride, which 
 renders them uncapable to Rival us in any 
 Thing, and makes them more eafy to be 
 dealt with by any of their Neighbours, 
 who are fo earneft to get that Trade into 
 their Hands. 
 
 BUT I muft only add upon this Head, 
 that it is a melancholy Reflection which all 
 
 true
 
 Part II. of John Ker, Efq, 101 
 
 true born Subjects muft have upon our 
 late Advices from Paris,, that France hath 
 agreed to Preliminaries of Peace with Sfain y 
 without Confulting us : And if it be true, 
 that we are to deliver up Gibraltar and Mi- 
 norca to the Spaniard., our Mediterranean 
 Trade will be rendred Precarious, &c. 
 
 I T is but a trifling Objection that our 
 Trade to the Streighs will be as fecure 
 now, as when Spain poflefTed thefe Forts 
 formerly, becaufe Spain for this Hundred 
 Years were, generally fpeaking, in Friend- 
 fhip with us. And confequently it was 
 our Intereft then, to take part with them, 
 and defend them from France, from whom 
 we had moft Mifchief to apprehend j but 
 now France and Spain being likely to join 
 together, we have much more to fear than 
 ever we had, the Preliminaries being fo ve- 
 ry much to our Prejudice, what have we to 
 expect from the enfuing Treaty, where our 
 chief Rivals the French will Carve out for 
 Us what they pleafe, and turn the Balance 
 into their own Hands, which ail the World 
 knows was very lately in ours ; when they 
 courted us to lave them from their potenr 
 Neighbours in the late War. But at that 
 Time we carved and did what we pleafed, 
 not only, for all the Allies concerned in the 
 late War, but even for all Eurofe, what a Pi- 
 H 3 -nacle
 
 IOZ MEMOIRS Part II. 
 
 nacle of Refpeft and Honour are we fallen 
 fiom. To be rendred fo cheap and con- 
 temptible in the Eye of the World? By 
 fuffering France to Inlult and Treat us as 
 they do t Or, how is it poflible that Trance, 
 or indeed any Nation can retain that Opi- 
 nion of, or regard to us, as when we a&ed 
 like our felves ? When they fee us thus 
 patientiy fuffer Abufes and Affronts by 
 thofe whom ail Nations defpife ? They are 
 thereby encouraged to offer fuch indignities 
 to our Honour and Trade, as this famous 
 Treaty betwixt Prance and Spain will tefti- 
 fy while the World endures, for which we 
 may thank our own Indolence and Indul- 
 gence to thofe Foreigners at Home, whom 
 the French and Dutch already have, and all 
 other Nations Abroad will from thence 
 take all Opportunities to Practice upon. 
 
 to proceed as I promifed, to com- 
 pare our W r oollen Trade with other Manu- 
 faclures at Home, which are all languifh- 
 ing together, more efpecially the Woollen, 
 as the many Petitions to the Houfe of Com- 
 mons from moft of the Towns and Corpo- 
 rations in the Kingdom teftify, reprefenting 
 the miferable Condition of that Manufacto- 
 ry, that many Hundreds and Thouiands of 
 Families are ftarving thro' the decay of it. 
 
 IT
 
 Parr II. of John Ker, Efo 103 
 
 IT is) true, trie Woollen Manufactory 
 was always juftly reputed the Life and Soul 
 of the Kingdom, and whenever that is af- 
 feded, the whole Nation muft fuffer pro- 
 portionably, but our Manufactories have 
 been lately affected all alike ; and it may 
 be fuppofed, that before they ftarve, they 
 will fall upon the rich People of the Na- 
 tion , and perhaps any Body that they fancy 
 have more Money than themfelves, the 
 Weavers have already begun ; and no doubt, 
 without a Remedy, they will not want Fol- 
 lowers. 
 
 BUT (ince moft People have been lately 
 employed in giving their Opinion upon this 
 melancholy Subject of the Weavers, both 
 in Word and Writing, fome imputing the 
 decay of their Trade to the Callicoes, (Jr. 
 Some to one Thing, fome to another -, I 
 hope the Reader will allow me to throw in 
 my Mite among the reft, for, with humble 
 Submiflion to their Judgments, I think they 
 have all put it upon the wrong Foot. 
 
 I N order therefore to find out the true 
 Caufe of this Decay of Trade, which pro- 
 duces fo many Complaints to the Parlia- 
 ment, and indeed every where, that a pro- 
 per Remedy may be applied ; I fliall firft 
 H 4 let
 
 104 MEMOIRS Part II. 
 
 let the Reader know, why I think thofe 
 cannot be the juft Caufes of the Weaver's 
 Complaints, which have been lately Af- 
 (igned, and then I fhall endeavour to let 
 him know what the true Reafon muft be, 
 not only of the Weaver's want of Bufinefs 
 and Decay of Trade, but of all other Ma- 
 nufactories whatfoever. 
 
 IT is agreed, that the Women's late 
 univerfal Wear of Callicoe and damped 
 Linnen is the firft Caufe, not confulting 
 that they have given more Reprifals to the 
 Weavers by their afluming the old Iriflj 
 Garb of Riding-hood and Mantle at the 
 fame Time, and quilted Petticoats, which 
 all Ranks and Qualities have run into with- 
 in this five Years, inftead of Scarfs and 
 Hives, which are not worn ten Parts in ele- 
 ven fo much as they ufed to be, and me- 
 thinks they ought to be thanked for their 
 Hoops too, as making their other Petti- 
 coats, which are generally of Wool, at leaft 
 lined with it, much wider than formerly. 
 
 AND this Anfwer alone in behalf of the 
 Linnen, ought to favour the Petitions from 
 Scotland for that End, at leaft prevent all 
 Prohibitions, or geftridions upon it, it be- 
 ing the Product ot Britijh and even of Eng- 
 lijh Ground more than formerly, and con- 
 
 fequently
 
 Part II. of John Ker, Efq, 105 
 
 feqtiently employs as many Hands propor- 
 tionably in Spining, Whitening, Printing, 
 Stamping, and even in Weaving, &c. as 
 the other does, fo as to relieve the Wooll 
 at the Expence of the Linnen, would be to 
 Plunder one Subjed to relieve another. 
 
 BESIDES, the Duties arifing to the Go- 
 vernment from Callicoes and ftamped Lin- 
 nen, amount to above 80000 /. and the Du- 
 ties from Pot-Aihes when imported, and 
 upon Soap when Manufactured, all which 
 amount to a vaft Sum, and being now ap- 
 propriated Funds, they muft in this Cafe 
 be fupplied by other new Taxes ; but what 
 an immenfe Sum this muft be, every Body 
 will foon be convinced when he looks 
 into the Cuftom-houfe Books, and confi- 
 ders what a vaft Confumption of Soap the 
 Stamping and Printing of Callicoes and 
 Linnen requires. 
 
 A N D if the Importation of Callicoe from 
 the Eaft-Indies be difcharged, becaufe it is 
 the Product of another Country, then they 
 cannot take fo much of our Manufactures, 
 and confequently the Exportation of our 
 Woollen Cloth will be prevented to thefe 
 Parts, and the Eaft-India Trade and Com- 
 pany muft be much weakned, who have al- 
 ways carried vaft Quantities of the Woollen 
 Cloth there. Now
 
 10$ MEMOIRS Part II. 
 
 Now what Hull be afligned as the true 
 Reafon of their Decay of Trade ? Which 
 may be called univerfal, for the Linnen- 
 Drapers, Printers, Stampers, Soap-boilers, 
 ($c. will have as much Reafon to cry out 
 very foon, as the Weavers, Woollen-Dra- 
 pers, or any other Trade whatfoever, with- 
 out a fpeedy and effectual Cure, if we do not 
 reckon the Interruption of our Trade with 
 Mufiwy and Spain to be one, if not the 
 firft and chief Caufe ? Which no Body can 
 deny, if it be allowed that Spain and its 
 Plantations alone confumes above half the 
 Manufactures of Great-Britain, which I 
 lay down as an Hypothefis agreed to by the 
 moft knowing Merchants in the Kingdom. 
 
 PERHAPS fome may think it another 
 Caufe of the Decay of our Home Manu- 
 factures, that His Majefty's foreign Affairs 
 calls him Abroad fo often, and that before 
 his Birth-Day and returning after his Coro- 
 nation ; both which Days, efpecially the 
 firft, Occasions a prodigious Confumption 
 of all Sorts of Cloth and every Manu- 
 facture, efpecially by People of Fortune 
 and Perfons of Quality, who not only take 
 an Opportunity to travel with him, but 
 fome of them are obliged to attend him 
 cither by virtue of their Office, or by his, 
 Command. JV E
 
 Part II. of John Ker, Jq- f 107 
 
 WE have noth : ng for it but Patence; 
 Weavers, Linnen-Drapers, and all of us till 
 the general Peace : and then the real Caufe 
 of this juft Lamentation will appear very 
 plain, if the French or Dutch be not before- 
 hand with us ; and in that Cafe indeed our 
 Misfortunes and Lofs of that Trade will 
 be irretrievable, till fome Door or other 
 open for our Relief, which I vvifh the Wit 
 dom of the Nation may fhine thro' all in 
 good Time. Let us fit down with A flies 
 on our Heads and Sackcloth on our Loins, 
 after the antient Cuftom till that Time 
 come, as being fitter for our prelent Cir- 
 cumftances, than either Woollen, Linen, or 
 fuch fine Manufacture at all. 
 
 BUT according to Promife and the Rea- 
 der's Expectation, as we have accounted for 
 the Reafons of the Decay of our Trade 
 and Manufadures at Home, Why fhould 
 not alfo the Caufe of the Interruption 
 and Decay of our Trade and Commerce 
 Abroad be told, as the Caufe of the other ? 
 
 THE true Reafon of this Decay of our 
 Foreign-Trade, and all other our Misfor- 
 tunes and Lofles whatfoever, mull: be fixed 
 fomewhere, and as it is a Maxim in Law, 
 that the JCi NG can do no wrong^ fo we can- 
 not
 
 108 MEMOIRS Parti!, 
 
 not Charge His Majefty with fuch grofs 
 Errors and Miftakes. No, God forbid, be- 
 fides fuch, as we muft reckon the Caufes 
 of thefe wofiil Effects, are not at all fuited 
 to His Majefty 's Intereft as King of Great- 
 'Britain, much lefs to the Intereft of Great- 
 Britain in General ; but as the fame Maxim 
 allows all Errors and Miftakes in Govern- 
 ment, Crimes and Mifdemeanors, of every 
 Kind to be laid upon the Backs and Shoul- 
 ders of his Counfellors and Miniftry : I be- 
 lieve we need go no farther for the true 
 Reafon and Cauie, but as His Majefty muft 
 be clear even from the Sufpicion of all fuch 
 Miftakes, not only by virtue of his fa- 
 cred Perfon, but alfo becaufe it is neither 
 his Intereft nor his Kingdoms ; fo likewife, 
 from the laft of thefe Reafons muft his Bri- 
 tijh Miniftry and Council be cleared, be- 
 caufe, as no doubt, His Majefty hath a vaft 
 Regard to the Intereft of Great-Britain, fo 
 to be fure they can have no lefs Regard to 
 it, and His Majefty too. 
 
 BUT it is too obvious, that fuch 
 Confequences and real Fads bad as they 
 are, muft be produced and proceed from 
 another Oufe, which it is as obvious, let 
 it be what it will, was exactly Calculated 
 to Foreign Meridians. And confequently 
 if the Facts and Conclufions already men- 
 
 tioned x
 
 Part II. of John Ker, Ef<p 109 
 
 tioned, tho* never fo bad, be but true, 'Fo- 
 reigners muft be the only Caufe and Foun- 
 tain from whence they fpring, and fo I am 
 afraid, the cogent Reafons we have been 
 hunting for all this Time, will be fixed 
 upon the Backs and Shoulders of the Ger- 
 man Council and Miniftry, as I fhall illuf- 
 trate in a few more Particulars. 
 
 BUT being afraid it might give Offence 
 to affirm that the Germans have the leaft 
 influence upon our Britijh Councils, I fhall 
 only confine my felf to a few Facis from 
 which I ihall not deviate a Point, with- 
 out any other Application then what the 
 Reader pleafeth. 
 
 R W- Efquire had got a Patent for 
 
 the Reverfion of a Place in the Cuftoms to 
 
 his Son, which Mr. R beforementioned 
 
 being informed of, he told Mr. W- that 
 he was in Terms of difpoilng it to another 
 for i5oo/. and would let Mr. W have 
 it for the fame Sum if he pleafed : And 
 upon Mr. W 's contemptibly rejecting his 
 
 Propofal, he refented it fo, that Mr. W 
 
 was turned out of his own publick Ports, 
 and of all Favour at Court, even at a Time 
 when he was about to execute a generous 
 Publick good, to lelTen the Debts of the 
 Nation* 
 
 IF
 
 iio MEMOIRS Part II. 
 
 IF this be Fa#, how Formidable muft 
 the united Power of Foreigner* be, when 
 this Fellow who is but an Underftrapper to 
 the reft, was able to make a Briiiflj Mini- 
 fter of State fall a Sacrifice to his Refent- 
 ment, by refigning his Pofts. 
 
 IT is very well known, that Mr. B 
 was a Favourite of the Gerwan<,(and I be- 
 lieve no Body had more Occafion to be 
 convinced of it than my felt, in my Late 
 Proceff abovementioned ;) So great, that 
 Sir Cbriftopber Wren the famous Artichect, 
 who contrived the ftately Edifice of St. 
 Paul's Church, and finifhed it in his own 
 Time, was turned out of his Employment 
 of being Mafterof the King's Works, which 
 he had poflfefied with great Reputation ever 
 fince the Reftoration,to make Way for this 
 Favourite of Foreigners. 
 
 SOME Time afterwards, Mr. B fell 
 
 under the Diipleafure of the Houfeof Lords^ 
 who thereupon in the Year 1719, addrtfled 
 His Majefty to remove and proiecure him ; 
 and upon His Majefty 's gracious Anfwer to 
 this Complaint, he not only ordered the 
 
 faid Mr. B to be removed fro n his 
 
 Employment, but profecuted according to 
 Law. Whereupon none doubted but this 
 
 Gentle-
 
 Part II. of John Kcr, Eftp ill 
 
 Gentleman was to be brought to Juftice ac- 
 cordingly. But though he was removed, 
 inftead of being proiecuted, he was pre- 
 fented with the Wharf of White-Hall, worth 
 yearly above 1500 /. for Thirty Years. 
 
 I fhall not trouble the Reader with more 
 (of a great many) fuch ungrateful Exam- 
 ples of Foreign Infolence^ and am forry I have 
 had fo many to give, but hope he will in- 
 dulge me the Liberty to make a few nece 
 fary Reflections, out of a vaft Number I 
 ihuil leave to himfel 
 
 FROM fuch Fa&s and Premifles, fome 
 People will be apt to conclude, that our 
 Briti/J} Miniftry may be affected fo far, as 
 to have Changes, Breaches and Alterations 
 made in it, as there was about that Time 
 when R W Efq; was upon the Head 
 
 ot the Treafury. 
 
 \ 
 
 WHY do not the foreigners gratify 
 their Favorites privately, fo as all the World 
 ihould not know it, fmce they have fo ma- 
 ny Means to do it, even the Privy- Purfe in 
 their Handle* No, they are fo arrogant, that 
 a publick Statue or Monument muft be 
 erected upon the Ruins of what ought to 
 be fo dear to every Eriti/h Subject, and their 
 Authority and Credit proclaimed by Soir.d 
 
 of
 
 in MEMOIRS Part II. 
 
 of Trumpet, to let all Foreign Princes and 
 States know, that they are the only Peo- 
 ple to apply to in Britijb Affairs of the 
 greateft Confequence ; that they have 
 Power enough to trample upon and evade, 
 even Addrefles of Parliament, and the KING'S 
 moft gracious Anfwerr. 
 
 PRAY let me ask the candid Reader^ 
 What they can propofe by this? It needs no 
 Anfwer, for every Body knows, that there- 
 by they have found their Accompt, and 
 that Foreign Princes have already taken the 
 Hint accordingly, as appears in our publick 
 Prints, by the Abbot l)u Bois Letter to the 
 Marquis Scottij which informs us, " That 
 " His Britannick Majeftfs great Minifter, 
 cc Monfr. Schaub, was to be applied to in 
 " the Treaty of Peace with Spain, having 
 " Credentials, and all the Truji rcpofed in him 
 " for that End. 
 
 Strange ! that in an Affair of fuch Con- 
 fequence, nay, of the laft Confequence to 
 Great-Britain^ which concerns the very Ef- 
 fence, the very Life and Soul of it, not a 
 Subject of Great-Britain could be found to 
 underftand, or capable to treat of fuch Mat- 
 ters fo well as,a Foreigner, to whofe Coun- 
 try neither the- leaft Detriment or Advan- 
 tage could redound, otherwife than by find- 
 ing*'
 
 Part II. of JohnKer, Eft, 
 
 ing fome private Accompts at our Ex* 
 pence. 
 
 LEAVING this Matter to the Manage- 
 ment of fuch a Perfon , was of greater 
 Confequence to the Nation, than giving 
 him the greateft Poft of Profit and Honour' 
 in it, though it is even exprefly againft that 
 very Att of Parliament which brought them 
 
 among us. 
 
 AFTER this, what Opinion muft Fo- 
 reign Princes or States have of us, while 1 
 we fuffer Intruders thus to Lord it over us, 
 and to have fuch Dealing in our Affairs of 
 greateft Moment, even in our Arcana Im- 
 perii ? For no People muft expect to be treat- 
 ed,but according to the Value they feem to 
 put upon themfelves. And if France ihonld 
 offer to do us any Wrong^ or ufe us difre- 
 fpeCtfullyin the prefentTV^ty of Peace, (as 
 they have certainly done) we have our dear 
 felves only to blame for it 5 for why ihould 
 not they have their private Dealings with 
 
 Monfr. B ff, Monfr. R -w 5 &c. 
 
 as well as other People ? 
 
 B u T I am fo loaded and oppreffed npori 
 other People's Accounts as well as my own j 
 that I muft trouble the Reader with a few 
 more of our Sufferings. 
 
 I THOSE
 
 U4 MEMOIRS PartIL 
 
 THOSE Foreign Gentry are not content- 
 ed to amafs immenfe Sums from the Sale of 
 fublick Pofts and Offices, but aUb from the 
 Sale of Titles of Honour, as their Brokers 
 running about to make Bargains for Nobi- 
 lity and Knighthood, .can teftify ; and I 
 doubt not to prove, that they have received 
 considerable Sums from feveral of our rich, 
 vain-glorious Subjects, for Patents of "Ho- 
 nour,, which they have not yet procured, as 
 the Commijjioncrs of Bankrupts, whoinfpedt- 
 ed 5ir Jofepb Hodgefs Books, have found. 
 
 THEIR Avarice doth not reft here, but 
 extends to our Colonies in ^Amoiea, where 
 they appoint and continue fome Governors 
 at Pleaiure, not only exading vaft Sums, 
 but iikewife receiving the Revenues ordered 
 by the Publick to fupport them, and leav- 
 ing the People only to the Governors, to 
 be fleeced at Difcretion, which occafions ib 
 many dreadful Complaints as are herein be- 
 foc<e-riientioned. 
 
 BUT I forefee other Confequences whicli 
 fome may deduce from this Covctoufnefs, 
 particularly from their difpofing of the Re- 
 wficn of Publick Pofts and Places through 
 the Kingdom, that it will be out of the 
 Power of the Sitcceffw to the Crown ^ to re- 
 ward
 
 Pai-tll. o/ John Ker, Efy> 115 
 
 ward fuch as may deferve well of him, or 
 their Country. 
 
 T H A T the Aft of Parliament is eluded^ 
 which exprefly provides, that none but Na- 
 tives of Great-Britain jhatt be capable to en- 
 joy any Poft of Profit or Truft, or be Mem- 
 bers of either Houfe of Parliament* 
 
 THAT our Indulgence may, perhaps-^ 
 at laft, encourage them to attempt to (ell 
 'our Properties, our Liberties^ and even bur 
 Eftates, for they have as good Right to do 
 that, as what they have done. 
 
 I F any tbdughtlefs. abandoned Wretch^ 
 who, perhaps, reaps fome Gleanings of a 
 G - Harveft, ihoukl object, That they 
 adually enjoy no Poft contrary to the glo- 
 rious A$ of 
 
 I anfwer, Thofe who have the Power td 
 fell, and actually difpofe of fuch Pofts and 
 Offices, and to Pocket the Money ariimg 
 from them, may be much more properly 
 laid to enjoy them, than any Bntifo Sub- 
 ject, who cannot poffefs above two or three 
 Places at once, whereas too many of the 
 H -r Quality huve fold many Hundreds.
 
 ll<5 MEMOIRS Part II. 
 
 I refer the Reader to all other Fads, 
 Confequences, Reflections, private Parti- 
 culars, cJ'c. of their Tranfa&ions flnce they 
 came to Great-Britain, which ftiall be pub- 
 lifhed in good Time. 
 
 BUT what fhall I fay, or what would 
 our noble Anceftors have faid, had they 
 feen fuch Things then, who )ed Armies 
 againft their Enemies, fubdued Kingdoms, 
 conquered Provinces, over-run Countries, 
 ruined and fubje&ed Towns, Cities, and 
 fortified Places, and exacted Tribute in fo 
 many Nations Abroad ? 
 
 I hope it will not be unacceptable to let 
 the Reader know, that I have obferved 
 my felf, when upon my Travels, efpecially 
 in Germany, that there was always more 
 refpeft paid to a Brhijh Gentleman, than a 
 Baron of the Empire, or a French or Italian 
 Marquis ; and their Reafons were, That 
 Great-Britain kept the Ballance of Power 
 in Europe, and that its Natives were the 
 only free Subjects of Chriflendom, enjoying 
 greater Privileges and Immunities than 
 any other : But I am afraid they will have 
 another Opinion of us now, when they 
 hear how Foreigners would Lord it over us, 
 and that few of us can have any Poft, ei- 
 ther of Honour or Profit, but what they re- 
 ceive
 
 Part II. <?/JohnKer, Efq, 117 
 
 ceive Money for. Some G n Barons 
 
 Two pr Three Ladies, a French Refugee, 
 and their Valets and Underflrappers, &c. 
 
 I find my fell; at the Repetition of this, fo 
 affected, that I am forced to flop and cry 
 out; in Imitation of DtfiJ/d'sLamentation for 
 the Death of Saul and Jonathan, Tell it not 
 at Hockftadt, nor fublijh it in tbefe Parts of 
 Europe and America, where the Britifh 
 Arms have carried their Terror, left the French, 
 Bavarians, and other Enemies of the Britiih 
 Glory, triumph and rejoice. 
 
 I muft confefs, I ihould be afhamed to 
 return to thofe Places where I have feen 
 my felf, and Country, fo much refpefted ; 
 and truly, I cannot fee how we can anfwer 
 either to our Country or Pofterity, thus to 
 fuflfer tamely fuch Indignities from thofe, 
 whofe father* (our renowned and worthy 
 Predeceffors, if I piay lawfully ufe fyb's 
 Expreflion) would not have fet with the 
 Dogs of their Flock. 
 
 NEITHER is it unworthy of Obferva- 
 vation, That the general Sentiments and 
 Apprehenfionsof one Age, differs from ano- 
 ther,as appears from the Jealoufies which the 
 Old Whigs (as Mr. Secretary Addifon juftly 
 ftiled them) have in^all Reigns enteitained,of 
 
 1 3 the
 
 1 1-8 MEMOIRS Part II. 
 
 the fatal Confeqnences to be apprehended 
 from Fere ign-Councils. For this may be fafely 
 faid, That Foreigners would never hazard 
 either their Fortunes or Lives in Defence of 
 OJd England-, and I doubt not, but every 
 Reader will join with me, That neither the 
 ing of Great- Britain, nor the Nation, will 
 ever be happy '(ill They be removed ; for I 
 thank God, I have fo much Britffi Blood in 
 my Veins, and Duty to my King and Country 
 in my Breaft, as to look upon fuch as are 
 Enemies to either, to be mine too. 
 
 I mtift requeft the Reader's Patience to 
 obferve farther, That our predecefibrs va- 
 lued, and fet even their Lives and Fortunes 
 at nought, for the Intereft and Honour of 
 their King and Country.' 
 
 I hope this Spirit is not quite gone ; fure- 
 \y we are not fo degenerated to continue in 
 this State of Indolence and ihameful Indul- 
 gence to Aliens ; I wifli they may be fatis- 
 fied of thpfe Facls I have reprefented, and 
 apply to themfelves the Saying of Jofeptfs 
 Brethren, We are furely guilty, fa id they, 
 concerning our Brother, in that we faw the 
 Anguiflj of Us Soul, and would not hear ; 
 Therefore is all this Evil come upon us. 
 And I wifh they may be aJfo iatisfied, that 
 it is (till in their Power to do Juftice, 
 
 both
 
 Part II. of John Ker, Eft; 119 
 
 both to the Honour and Intereft of their 
 Country ; for a Britifh Parliament can make 
 a great Man tremble at any Time ; not on- 
 ly by calling them to Account for his 
 Male-Adminiftration, but alfo by prevent- 
 ing any {iniftrous Defigns upon our prefent 
 happy Eft abli thmcm., of which the Hot4fe of 
 Commons hath very lately given a Proof, to 
 their immortal Honour, for moft People 
 know for what End, and by whom, the 
 Peerage-Bill was calculated. One Thing I 
 mufthere remark. 
 
 I remember, my Lord Belbaijen, in his 
 Speech to the laft Union-Parliament of Scot- 
 land, foretold many Things, which to the 
 great Grief of, at lead one Part of the 
 Nation, are actually come to pals, though 
 he was ridiculed as a Dreamer by fome, 
 who without reflecting on them, I dare fay, 
 are now of my Mind, and to our Regret, 
 have feen too much of that Spcecb verified , 
 and, I am afraid, are not without dreading 
 other fatal Confequences, perhaps not far 
 of, but I pray God we may be deceived. 
 As I before declared, I hope none that know 
 me, will believe I have faid any Thing with 
 the leaft Deiign to fpirit up the People a- 
 gainft the Government ; No, let that be as 
 far from my Imagination as my Intention, 
 which is only to endeavour that thefe Evils 
 I 4 may
 
 110 MEMOIRS Part II. 
 
 may be removed, which threaten the well 
 Being of this Nation ; For my Part, I fhall 
 never think them either good Patriots or 
 Subjects, who have it in their Power-, and 
 yet will not exert themfelves to ferve their 
 King and Country, and contribute their 
 utmoft Endeavours to remove the Caufes 
 of tbif growing Evil. 
 
 I Hull only add, that it would be but 
 a poor Satisfaction to this deluded Na- 
 tion (alamode of the Poito<vians) to drive 
 the Enemy out of our Territories, after 
 they have ruined and plundered it; for, if 
 Things go on as they do, we muft be far- 
 ther Taxed to make up the Funds that are 
 become deficient, from our loft Trade with 
 Mufcovy and Spain, 
 
 THEREFORE to clofe this Topick, the 
 only Expedient I can advife for putting an 
 End to all factious Struggles for Power, is 
 fo to order Affairs, that the Offices, Env 
 ployments, and Dignities of the State, may 
 be the Rewards of Merit ; and not the 
 Prize of one, or the other Party, as it 
 chances to get the upper Hand. For, as it 
 hath been noticed by my old and valuable 
 Acquaintance, Dr. D'd e uenant, in his In- 
 comparable Effay upon the Ballame of Pow- 
 er. There is no furer Mark that a Go- 
 
 yernment
 
 Part II. of John Ker, Efq; ill 
 
 vernment is near its utter Destruction, than 
 when the People are obferved to be care- 
 Jefs and unconcerned at a Time, when they 
 are pelTed and encompafied with Dangers 
 of the higheft Nature, 
 
 MANY of the firft Rank, for Birth, 
 Parts, Title and Fortune, inftead of bend- 
 ing their Thoughts how to ferve their Coun- 
 try, are either meanly contriving how a 
 Change may be made, whereby they may 
 better themielves, or, which is as bad, they 
 may imagine all will be well if a few of 
 their Friends are at the Helm, as if any 
 Good to the Publick could be expected from 
 a little fliifting of Hands, at a Seafbn when 
 nothing can prevent our Ruin, but an en- 
 tire Change in the very Principles and Mea^ 
 fures by which our Minifters have lately 
 governed. 
 
 N o fmall Proportion of our Gentry have 
 neglected and loft their Country- In tereft 
 by hawking after Preferments at Court, fb 
 that Elections come to be made at Ran- 
 dom, without any Regard to Virtue or 
 Merit ; at which we are not to Wonder, 
 when the Gentlemen have taught their 
 Neighbours to fell their Votes by a long 
 Practice of expofing to Sale their own 
 in St. Stephen's Chapel. If any fuch 
 
 get
 
 IZl MEMOIRS Part II. 
 
 get into Parliament, they never believe it 
 goes ill with the Kingdom, if it goes but 
 well with them. Their Eftates in Land 
 are not fo much the Object of their Care, 
 as by what fervile Arts they may keep their 
 Employments, or by what Treachery they 
 may deferve better Ports ; this leads them 
 to be indifferent in what relates to the 
 common Welfare : If their Purfes feel hea- 
 vy, they take little Thought of what be- 
 comes of the Ballance of Europe, nor to 
 which fide the Scale inclines. If we re- 
 prefent to them the Growth and Power 
 of France, and the Dangers that threaten 
 England., they are not at the leaft alarmed, 
 as knowing they have got wherewithal to 
 buy their own Peace, and to recommend 
 them to another Matter. 
 
 W E now remain under the fame thought- 
 left Security as Sahtft tells us Rome was in, 
 when Catfilins's Confpiracy was hatched and 
 ready to break out. The bitfy Men of the 
 Town, they, who talk and appear mofl about ^ 
 JEuw a different Jntereft from that of their 
 Country. They neither mind Peace nor 
 War, but as their BanK, New, cr Old Eaft- 
 India Stock may be affected ; the Intereft 
 of Europe weighs nothing with them, in 
 Comparifon ot the Intereft upon tneir Tal* 
 lies. They are not at all concerned when 
 '" ' .'' ' k " it
 
 Part II. of John Ker, Ejq, 
 
 it is reprefented to them, that France in a 
 very fliort Time may fupplant us in our 
 Spanijb and Turkey Trades. And, they 
 think it a fliorter Cut, a fafer Voyage, and 
 a much more profitable Traffick, to deal 
 between the Exchange and the Exchequer. 
 
 IT is to be feared, that of late Years, by 
 making the higheft Stations of the King- 
 dom the Rewards of Treachery and bafe 
 Compliance, by bribing Members of Par? 
 liament with Peniions and Places, and by 
 the immenfe Gains which a negligent and 
 corrupt Miniftry has fuffered private Men 
 to make out of the Kingdom's Treafure, 
 almoft all Ranks of Men are come to be 
 depraved in their Principles. And to own 
 a fad Truth, none are afhamed of having 
 notorioufly robbed the Nation j nay, it is 
 gone fo far, that Prefatory-Panegyricis are 
 granted to thofe who have been accufed in, 
 Parliament, upon Grimes for which they 
 may fome Day be brought to Anfwer ; the 
 little publick Spirit that remained among 
 us, is, in a manner quite extinguifhed. 
 Every one is upon the fcrape for himfelf,. 
 without any Regard to his Country, each 
 cheating, raking, and plundering what he 
 can, and in a more profligate Degree than 
 ever yet was known. In fhort, this Self- 
 Intereft runs thro' all our Actions, and mixes 
 
 in
 
 J24 MEMOIRS Partll. 
 
 in all our Councils, and if truly examined, 
 is the very Rife and Spring of all our pre- 
 fent Mifchiefs. 
 
 I will venture to fay from the Time of 
 the Nortnan Invafion, we never had a more 
 difmal View before us : We are rent afun- 
 der by Fa&ions, which are ftill maintained 
 and fomented by thofe who are apprehen- 
 five, their deiired Actions, and other Crimes 
 againft the Publick, would receive con- 
 dign Puniihment, if once honeft Men could 
 be brought to under/land one another; 
 we are every Day threatened with Attempts 
 from Abroad, and at beft there is but a fuf- 
 pe&ed Peace between us and our Power- 
 ful Neighbours. 
 
 THIS SPECULUM, exa&ty repre- 
 fents our prefent Grievances, tho' made 
 above Twenty Years ago, and at a Time 
 when Foreigners too much engrofled the 
 Immortal King WILLIAM, of which, 
 that truly fagacious Prince was fully fenfi- 
 ble when he bequeathed to thefe Kingdoms 
 that invaluable Legacy of eternal Succeffon 
 (it is hoped) arifing out of the moft Illti- 
 ftrious Houfe of Hanover, and that the 
 Corner Stone of which Building, his pre- 
 ffent moft Gracious Majefty, may be late 
 
 remove^
 
 Part II. of John Ker, Efq; 
 
 removed from its Place, is the hearty and 
 unfeigned Prayer of, 
 
 SURREY, July 4^ K E R of Kerfland. 
 
 1721. 
 
 Reafons for Encouraging the Manu- 
 factories in North-Britain, 
 
 W r H o E v E R rightly Confiders and du- 
 ly Weighs the Reafons with which 
 we lay Open thefe PROPOSALS, muft 
 difcover, they are Calculated for no other 
 Defign than a Publick Good to the King- 
 dom of Great-Britain in general > Tho' 
 they will affuredly bring to every particu- 
 lar Adventurer that (hall come into them 
 the greateft Profit. 
 
 W E have pitched upon fuch Manufatfo- 
 ries that are in themCelves highly Improv- 
 able, and in their Confumption moft Sta- 
 ple : They will give Employment to our 
 Poor, and prevent a Foreign Importa- 
 tion upon us : They will improve our 
 Lands, and circulate Money amongft thofe 
 who languifh under the want of a Pub- 
 lick Spirit to relieve Them. 
 
 THAT
 
 116 MEMOIRS Part II. 
 
 THAT thefe Manufactories may always 
 f lourilh, and that the Benefit they will af- 
 ford us may extend it felf beyond what 
 we can our felves expend ; We have chofe 
 NortJc-Britain to fet Them up in, where 
 all Things concur to produce Workman- 
 fhip at the very Lowe/I Price, and where 
 Labour is fo cheap, that no Country can 
 Under-fell us: A COttUtt whofe Great 
 and Wife Patriots have always had the Bu- 
 (mefs of Trade and Manufactories fo much 
 at Heart, as by a continued Series of Afts 
 of Parliament to grant very Large and be- 
 neficial Privileges, to any Societies or Com- 
 panies that ihall unite Themfelves to carry 
 on any Branch of Trade, and have as wife- 
 ly taken Care to preferve thofe Privileges, 
 and to confirm all Acts made in their Fa- 
 vour, and all Laws which give any Sanc- 
 tion to National Undertakings, where the 
 good of the Subjects ihall be promoted as 
 a private Right of Property to all Subjects 
 by the A# of Union j Which Aft does fur- 
 then declare a Communication of all Rights, 
 Privileges, and Advantages, which do or 
 may belong to the Subjects of either King- 
 dom. 
 
 W*
 
 Part II. of John Ker, {q-, 117 
 
 WE do not propofe our Stock larger 
 than the Nature of the Bufinefs requires, 
 from whence we fliall make appear, That 
 our Purpofe is not to draw needlefs and 
 extravagant Sums from our Partners, more 
 to ftipport Stock-Jobbing than really to 
 carry on a Trade ,- but that each Share 
 fhall be paid for gradually, and as the Bufi- 
 nefs increafes, which under proper Manage- 
 ment, will certainly produce fucb Divi- 
 dends, as will demonstrate the general Be- 
 nefit that will accrue from the Undertak- 
 ing. 
 
 THESE being the Conditions upon which 
 we build our Foundations, we ihall fubmit 
 our felves to whatever Degrees of Encou- 
 ragement our Fellow Subjects will afford 
 us, having all our Affairs under fuch Ma- 
 nagement as no foul Practice can efcape us 5 
 and every Adventurer has Liberty to view 
 the Books, and upon the finding any Thing 
 diiTatisfaclory, he giving reafonable Notice, 
 Ihall have his Share or Shares made good to 
 him. 
 
 WHAT we fhall make our firft Under- 
 taking, is the fetting up a Work of Diftil- 
 ling Spirits, in which we fhall find Advan- 
 tages furpafling what in any other Part of 
 
 His
 
 Ii8 MEMOIRS Part II. 
 
 His Majefty's Dominions are to be met 
 with ; there being great Quantities of that 
 Sort of Grain, by which we ihall be able' 
 not only to fupply our own Confumption, 
 but near at Hand to furnifh all the Northern 
 Parts of Europe with that Commodity : 
 And it is to be hoped from the Largenefs of 
 our Stock, and a difcreet Management, we 
 tnay be able to make as great Gain as the 
 Dutch y who, by this Article alone, make 
 a greater Profit than without a very nice 
 Calculation is credible to believe : Hitherto 
 they have been the only Gainers from our 
 Produce, for after they have diftilled the 
 Malt, and gained vaft Profit by Gem^a y 
 they fell us back the Spirits. 
 
 BESIDES the Trade with our Neigh- 
 bours for this Commodity, we {hall find 
 other Advantages from the feveral other 
 Branches ; and by this we {hall not only 
 highly encourage the Growth of the Corn- 
 Lands in North'Britfiin> but fave that Pre- 
 mium the Government allows to the Expor- 
 ters of Corn* 
 
 BUT that we may find the Means of a 
 Univerfal Employ in North-Britain^ where 
 the People are already fitted to our Pur- 
 pofe, being moft excellent Spinners, and 
 have a manner of Weaving very fuitabk to 
 
 our
 
 Part II. of John Ker, fq-, 119 
 
 our Bufinefs, we fhall introduce amongft 
 them a CottOn^amtfactOtty the Nature 
 of which is fuch, That one Pound of Woollj 
 not worth above nine Pence, may by Work- 
 jnanfhip be brought to be worth thirty 
 Times the Value ; from whence it will be 
 very eafy to imagine., that as the Improve- 
 ments rife, fo will the Profits ; and no Un- 
 dertaking whatever can be a more Natio- 
 nal and Extenfwe Benefit, as well to the 
 Publick in general, as to the Parties concer- 
 ned in particular j for when it is onee right- 
 ly fet on Foot, and fupported with fuch a; 
 Stock as we have provided for it> it will 
 employ an infinite Number of People, and 
 will hereby improve the Rents and Reve- 
 nues of the Country, and univerfally circu- 
 late Money through all Degrees^pf People; 
 and who would not rejoice to fee Briiiffi 
 Hands earn thofe vaft Sums that heretofore 
 we have fent away in Bullion, to purchafe 
 the Labour of remote Indians^ who take 
 nothing but Silver from us ; and while we 
 wear their Manufactories, we ftarve and 
 difcourage our own People, and give away 
 the Improvements of our Lands and Eftates : 
 For the Treaibre with which we purchace 
 their Manufactories never more returns, but 
 remains a dead Lofs to Us: But this Un- 
 dertaking will fave all that* and riot carry 
 away our Money, but only make it circu- 
 K late
 
 130 MEMOIRS Partll. 
 
 late in our own Kingdoms : It will employ 
 our own People, and improve our Eftates; 
 fo that every Hand will be a Gainer, and 
 England certainly ever will be the Center 
 of the Wealth of Great-Britain, for the 
 North Part cannot thrive without the mu- 
 tual Benefit to the South. 
 
 THE Cheapnefs of Labour, together 
 with what has already been faid, will carry 
 on this Manufactory to greater Advantage 
 than can be propofed in any other Part of 
 Great-Britain : And England will ftill flou- 
 rifli and enjoy its Woollen and other Ma- 
 nufactories, without the leaft Interruption 
 from any Proceeding of this Kind. 
 
 W E have likewife before us the Improve- 
 ment of poor and wafte Lands in North- 
 Britain, by a Vegetable not yet made ufe 
 of, which excellently well fuits the Soil of 
 that Country, and at an inconfiderable Coft, 
 will not only render thofe Lands more va- 
 luable, but will produce the Commodities 
 of Oil and Pot-Aflies, from which may be 
 made Soap, and the Linen and Woollen 
 Manufactories become extreamly aflifted , 
 which Articles tend to the Improvement of 
 the Country, and the favinga Foreign Con- 
 fumption.
 
 Part II. of John Ker, Efo 
 
 THERE are like wife fecured divers 
 Mines of rich and valuable Metals j fuch as 
 Silver, Copper, Lead, &c. which will be 
 all worked and undertaken, as well for the 
 Improvement of the Country, as for in- 
 riching the feveral Shares in this Company 
 propofed. 
 
 IT would fwell too far the Bulkofthefe 
 Propofals, fhould we enlarge upon all the 
 feveral Heads of Bulineis that will of Ne- 
 ceffity occur. Wherefore in a few Words I 
 fhall only fay, North-Britain is a Part capa- 
 ble of vaft Improvements, both as to its Pro- 
 duce and Manufactures, it is full of People 
 who want only an Engli/h Genius and Stock 
 to lead them to all the Improvements that 
 Nature and their own Induftry can prompt 
 them to j and as thefe are the only Views of 
 erecting this Undertaking, under an honeft 
 and reputable Management, it is hoped, 
 That both South and North will join Hands 
 to help forward fo good a Defign. 
 
 /CEKof Kerfland. 
 
 I caufed great Numbers of the foregoing 
 juft tie a 1 on ^ to be handed, not only to the 
 Bntijh Parliament in the Winter-Seffion of 
 17213 but to all Perfons I could think of 
 
 K a competent
 
 MEMOIRS Part II. 
 
 competent Senfe and Fortune to put fuch 
 beneficial Propofals in Execution for the 
 good of my Country. 
 
 I next fat my felf down to confider fome 
 other material Grievances fuftained by the 
 Scotifh Nation, more efpecially, concerning 
 the flavifh Dependencies which a great Pare 
 of that Kingdom is ftill kept under by Sit- 
 fericrities^ Wards, Relief s^ and other Remains 
 of the Feudal Law, and by Clan/hip and 
 Tythes. 
 
 THESE Grievances I fhall impartially 
 reprefent in the following Hiftorical Nar- 
 ration, which I procured, by an Intimate 
 Friend, to be Printed at Edinburgh, viz. 
 
 THE \Vifdom of the EngUJh Nation 
 thought fit long ago to relieve their Sub- 
 jects from the Hardfhips under which the 
 Scots ftill Groan : I lhall not therefore go fo 
 far back as the Reign of H E N R Y VII. of 
 England^ who freed their Commons, in a 
 great Meafure, from the Dependence they 
 had, till then, been under to their Peers. 
 I fhall therefore content my felf, with men- 
 tioning the Aft of Parliament obtained in 
 the 1 2th Year of King CHARLES II. for 
 taking away the Court of Wards and Liw- 
 rigs ; and Tenures in Cafite-, and by Knigfa- 
 
 Servhe
 
 Part II. o/JohnKer, Efy 
 
 Service and Sttrvcyttwe ; and for fetling a 
 Revenue upon His Majefty in Lieu thereof. 
 
 THE Preamble of that Att is fo much 
 to my Purpofe, that 1 take Leave to repeat 
 it, as follows. 
 
 m % m a p, Ht fcatl) b: en fount) 
 ty former experience, Cijat tl)e Courts 
 of flrmr&g ana Hfbetfe^, ano Cenurcjj 
 ty ^nf gut ^er tice, ettDer of t!;e fiing 
 o? ot^ier^ oj ty ^mgftt ^crbtce to 
 Captte, o? >cccage inCapt'e, of tlje 
 Sing, anD ConfcauenW upon tfte fame, 
 ^ate teen muc^ mo?e burDenfonte, 
 gjctetoujs, ant> p^ejuDictal to ttye Bing^ 
 tiom, ttjan ttye? ^atie uetn lirnefictai to 
 
 tt)2 i&tng : Be it therefore Enadted, 
 
 Cftat t^e Court cf mavDg;, 
 anD all UBarDQjfpg. jglitcrie^ 
 ^afine^, anu >nlteriemain, 
 ano fc^tfaulturegi of aarriage& 
 ^eafon of an? Cenure of ttje 
 ajeft& o? an? otlier b? t&nigtyt 
 ttce, 9c. ue taften atoa?* 
 
 I dare leave it to any Man's Judgment, 
 whether 3 fince we are now United into one 
 Nation, the Scots have not Reafon to plead 
 for the like Freedoms : And fince we have 
 the above-mentioned Declaration of an 
 K 3. Englijh
 
 134 MEMOIRS Part II. 
 
 EngliJJ} King and Parliament, That thefe 
 Services and '] enures were found, by Expe- 
 rience, to be much more burdenfome, grie- 
 uous, and prejudicial to the Kingdom , than 
 they have been beneficial to the King ; the 
 Scots cannot but hope, that a Prince fo re- 
 nowned for Clemency and Benignity to his 
 Subjects as King GEORGE, and that fo 
 wife a Senate as now exifts, will readily 
 concur to make them ftiure in the fame Li- 
 berties : And deliver them from thefe Hard- 
 Jhipf, which the Reader will find, from 
 what follows, are as burdenfom", grievous, 
 and prejudicial to thefti, as ever they were to 
 the Englijh. And it is evident by the Two 
 Rebellion? in Scotland fince His Majefty's 
 Reign, That inftead of being beneficial to 
 His Majifiy, it will be very dangerous for 
 himfelf and his Royal Family, to have them 
 continued. 
 
 B Y the -Fourth Article of the Union, it is 
 Enacted, " That there be a Communica- 
 " tion of all kights. Privileges and Advan- 
 " tages, which do, or may belong to the 
 " Subjects of either Kingdom. 
 
 /Jft-O'::!;,'- 1 '.:;?- I'w.l** ': 
 
 THIS at firft looked with a very favour- 
 able Afpect towards the Scotijb Nation: 
 But alas 1 we were only Ihewed the Free- 
 dom and Privileges of our EngUJh Neigh- 
 bours,
 
 Part If. of John Ker, Efq- 9 
 
 bours, from thefe Badges of Slavery, with- 
 out any Profpeft of enjoying them : For the 
 Yoke complained of was continued upon 
 us by the twentieth Article, which enads, 
 <e That all heritable Officer, Superiorities he- 
 cc ritable Jurifdiffions, Offices for Life, and 
 cc forjfdiftidni, for Life, be referred to the 
 ce Owners thereof, 'as Rights of Property, in 
 " the fame Manner as they were now enjoyed 
 " by the Laws of Scotland, notwithftanding 
 " this Treaty. 
 
 I T is very well known, that the Vnion 
 was made in Hafte, and pufhed on by the 
 Court j and I dare fay, that the then Cour- 
 tiers had other Views by it than were at 
 that Time pretended : All have heard of 
 the famous Speech made by one of Queen 
 ANNE'S Scots Minifters, to the Parliament 
 of Scotland 1703, wherein he mentioned 
 her Secret and revealed Will : And 1 can 
 arTure the Reader from my own certain 
 Knowledge, that fome of our chief Jaco- 
 bites had fecret Views in pufhing on the 
 Union, quite contrary to thofe they thought 
 fit to reveal. It is true that moft Part of 
 the common Jacobites, and even others who 
 were not let into the Secrets, oppofed the 
 Union, becaufe by the fecond Article, the 
 Proteflnm SucceJJion was efhblifhed ; and it 
 may be depended upon, that the Zeal for 
 that SucceJJion > which the Court had, till 
 K 4 that
 
 MEMOIRS Part II. 
 
 that Time, hindred to be fettled, brought 
 many worthy and honeft People into the 
 t//0#, who would otherwtfe have oppofed 
 it with their Lives and Fortunes, upon the 
 Terms it was carried on. I know it was 
 given out, by fome who puflied it on by 
 Order from the Court, that the general Op- 
 poiltion made to it in the Kingdom upon 
 the Plan propofed, proceeded from Jacobite 
 Principle! : But we know the contrary ; and 
 that the general Aversion to that Plan pro- 
 ceeded from a Senfe that we fliould thereby 
 lofe our Independency, which our Anceftors 
 had fo bravely maintained for many Ages ; 
 and 1 will be bold to fay, that this was the 
 chief Caufe of our People's Diflike to {he 
 'Union* But, next to this, the juft Appre- 
 henfions of the Danger that threatned our 
 Church torn the different Conftitution of 
 the Englijh, was the fecond Caufe, and the 
 Ratification of thefe fertile Tenures above- 
 mentioned claimed the third Place. 
 
 IT was really amazing to us, that a Peo- 
 ple fo fenfible of the Benefits of Liberty, 
 and fo tenacious of it as the Englijh have 
 always been, fhould have come into this 
 fecond Article, which wreathed thofe Tokes 
 about our Necks, which they have broke 
 off from their own The Englifo have al- 
 ways been afraid of a Standing Army, and 
 
 oppofed
 
 Part II. of John Ker, Efq; 137 
 
 oppofed it from Time to Time with Vi-? 
 gour; we were therefore aftonifhed at 
 their not forefeeing that the Confirmati- 
 on of thefe Superiorities laid the Founda-? 
 tjon of a conftant Standing Army, even in 
 Time of Peace. It is alfo very well 
 known, how numerous our Superiors and 
 Chiefs of Clans are, and what great Follow- 
 ings they have in the North and the High- 
 lands. It is eafy to remember, that in King 
 C H A L E s II's Time, when Popery and Sla- 
 very were intended for us, an Army of Ten 
 or Twelve Thoufand of thefe Highlanders 
 was brought down upon the Weft of Scot- 
 land^ which was moft averfe to the above- 
 mentioned Defign, and therefore was ra- 
 vaged with as much Barbarity as if it had 
 been an Enemy's Country. 
 
 WE may remember likewife, what Trou- 
 ble thefe Highland Superiors and Chiefs gave 
 to King WILLIAM after the Revolution, 
 and what an Effort they made againft his 
 brave difciplined Troops at Killicrankie, 
 where General M'Kay was beat off the 
 Field j and, as I was told by a Perfon of 
 Quality, who had a Command of Horfe in 
 the King's Army, would certainly have 
 been taken Prifoner, had not the Rebels 
 been intent upon Plunder, and left with- 
 out a proper Commander, by the Death 
 
 of
 
 138 MEMOIRS Part II. 
 
 of their General, the Lord Dundee, who 
 fell in the Battle. 
 
 I T was long e're the Lofs of the King's 
 Troops was retrieved ; nor were the Re- 
 bellious Clans brought to fubmit at laft 
 without a Brie've. 
 
 WE know likewife what Danger the 
 Proteftant Succeffion was in, from thefe 
 Clans, towards the Clofe of the bft Reign : 
 And xve can recoiled fome of their bold 
 and treafonable AddrefTes in Behalf of the 
 Pretender, for which they were well en- 
 couraged y and that Annual Pen/ions were 
 given by the late Queens Miniftry to the 
 Heads of thefe Pcf//7j, as well as Proteflant 
 Clans, that they might be ready for his Ser- 
 vice when Occailon offered. 
 
 THE Rebellions under the late Earls of 
 Mar, M'irifcbal, Seaforth, &c. are frefli in 
 every one's Memory. People in London 
 were very much furprized at the Earl of 
 Mtfr's being able to raife fo great an Army 
 in fo fmall a Time j but it was no Surprize 
 to us who knew the Superiorities poffeft by 
 himfelf, and thofe that joined him. They 
 who look into our Hiftory, will find that 
 the Heads of Clans have rebelled frecuent- 
 Jy agaiiift our Princes ; and often made War 
 
 upon
 
 Part II. of John Ker, EJfy I 
 
 upon one another, to the great Disturbance 
 of the Peace of the Nation : Befide the In- 
 curfions they often made upon their peace- 
 able Neighbours in the Lowlands from 
 whence they carried their Cattle, &c. This 
 occafioned many Laws, in feveral Reigns, 
 and particularly in that of King JAMES VI. 
 when divers A&s were made for Suppref- 
 fing thefe Diforders ^ and, among other 
 Things, the Chiefs of all the Clans were 
 obliged to give Hoftages, for fecuring the 
 Peace of the Country. 
 
 I know it will be objected, cc That in 
 cc the Weft of Scotland., and other Places 
 Cc where there are fuch Superiorities the 
 cc People are not fo much inclined to Re- 
 <c hellion , and therefore the Superiorities 
 cc alone ought not to be charged with the 
 " Rebellions mentioned fince the Revolu- 
 
 tion." 
 
 I anfwer. That I do not charge them, in- 
 tirely, upon thefe Superiorities tho' certain- 
 ly that has been the chief Caufe of them. 
 I own it is partly owing to the Ignorance 
 of the People in the Highlands and Nortb^ 
 where the fpreading of the Ref&rfted Reli- 
 gion has been induftrioufly hindred, not on- 
 ly by the Popijh Heads of Clans but even 
 by all our Kings ^ from the Reformation to 
 
 the
 
 140 MEMOIRS Part II. 
 
 the Revolution ; becaufe they depended up- 
 on thefe Men, as a conftant Army to fup- 
 port them, in their Defigns of reducing us 
 to Popery and Slavery. 
 
 THE Exception made as to the Superio- 
 rities in the Weft and South, is owing to 
 this, That the People there, are better in- 
 ftructed in the Principles of Religion and 
 Liberty, which their Superiors have for moft 
 part countenanced ; fo that it is owing to 
 their honeft Principles, that they would 
 not follow any of their Superiors, who 
 might be inclined to Popery and Slavery. 
 Thus the Earls of Nitbfdale, Carnwath, and 
 Lord Kenmuies Dependents and Tenants, 
 inftead of joining their Lords in the Rebel- 
 lion, did moft of them take Part with the 
 Government. 
 
 THIS, I hope, is enough to let every 
 one fee, that, ihould we ever have the 
 Misfortune to fall again under an ttrbitrfoy 
 Prince, he may, by gaining thefe Superior $ y 
 (and Princes never want Means to do 
 that) raife a numerous Army, without be- 
 ing obliged to a Parliament : And as thefe 
 Men are now capable of entring England, 
 without its being looked upon as a Na- 
 ponal Quarrel, the Englijh are more in 
 
 Danger
 
 Part II. of John Ker, Efq-, 
 
 Danger of having their Conftitution over* 
 turned that Way, than before the Union. 
 
 THAT fmall Number of Highlanders 
 detached by the Earl of Mar, under Briga- 
 dier M'Intofh, who joined the Northern 
 Rebels in 1715, may ferve as a Specimen of 
 the Danger they incur, if thefe Superio- 
 rities continue : For, if thefe Men were fo 
 audacious againft an eftablifhed Govern- 
 ment, and the King's Army, what are they 
 not capable of doing, when countenanced 
 by any future Prince, who has a Mind to 
 make himielf abfolute ? This brings to my 
 Mind a Project that was put into the Hands 
 of King JAMES II. by a Highland Gen- 
 tleman, who was a confiderable Branch 
 of one of thefe Gins : He gave his Majefty 
 a Lift of all the Qam^ and propofed that 
 the King fhould form a Corp / de Garde of 
 their eldeft Sons or prefumptive Heirs, to 
 be always about his Perfon : This was to 
 be done under a Pretence of keeping them 
 as Pledge^ for the Loyalty and good Beha- 
 viour of their refpe&ive Clans ; but in Rea- 
 lity, that they might have the more Autho- 
 rity, and keep their Clam in Readinefs to 
 (iipport him in his Defigns of reducing us 
 to Popery and Slavery. I doubt not, but 
 it will be allowed that this was a cunning, 
 as well as a dangerous Project; and had 
 King JAMES'S Ihort Reign allowed him 
 
 Time
 
 142, MEMOIRS Part II. 
 
 Time to bring it to Maturity, we might 
 have all fmarted under it. 
 
 WHAT has been, may be,- and if any 
 future Prince fhould, by beftowing Pofts or 
 Money, be able to gain thefe Great Men 
 in Scotland, and others who are pofleft 
 of thefe Superiorities he could not fail of 
 having a great Army in a little Time, with- 
 out much Noife or Money. 
 
 THESE I take to be Arguments, ftrong 
 enough to induce great Members in both 
 Houfes, to ufe their utmoft Endeavours, 
 that thefe Superiorities may be taken away ; 
 and that the Scots Nation may be freed., as 
 well as the Englifh, from fuch fertile De- 
 pendencies, either on the King or Subjects ,- 
 and efpecially on fuch as have, from Time 
 to Time, made too ill an Ufe of them. 
 For as thofe Superiorities in the Hands of 
 Subjects have been almoft conftant Nurfe- 
 ries of Rebellion, fo thefe Ward-Holdings, 
 if continued in the Crown, will be always 
 a powerful Incentive, to make thofe who 
 hold that Tenure to comply with the arbi- 
 trary Defigns of any ]utuve Prince. The 
 Clans above-mentioned, were fo very trou- 
 blefome to their Neighbours in the Re'gn 
 of King JAMES VI. that a Lift was gixe.i 
 to the Parliament of 105 Landlord. 1 , in 
 
 wliofe
 
 Part II. of John Ker, Efo 145 
 
 whofe Eftates they dwelt, who were obliged 
 to give Security for their Behaviour , be- 
 fide a Lift of 34 Clans, that had (Jjie tains 
 on whom they depended, and frequently 
 againft the Will of their Landlords ; as ap- 
 pears by the Rolls annexed to the End of 
 the yth Parliament of King JAMES VI. 
 
 B Y an Account of the Battle near Dum- 
 blain, printed by the Rebels, it appeared 
 that they had 10000 effective Men in the 
 Field j befide two Regiments that had not 
 joined them from Dumferlin^ and two 
 other left about Perth and eifewhere : And 
 that there were with them, at leaft, 12 or 
 14 Heads of Clans ; befides the Marqutfs 
 of Hwifty and Earl of Seaforth, whole Fa- 
 milies are known to have great Followings 
 in the North; and the Marquefs of T///- 
 bardine, who had a great Influence among 
 the AtholMen. The other Nobility among 
 them who had coniiderable Followings, 
 were the Earl of Marjhaly Earl of Soulhesky 
 Earl of Panmiire> Earl of Strathmore, Earl 
 of Kintore, and the Lord Dmmmcnd , be- 
 fides feveral Gentlemen, who are alfo 
 poffeft of Superiorities : And that was the 
 true Reafon of the Earl of Mar's being 
 able to form fo coniiderabie an Army in fo 
 little a Time. The Clms that were in the 
 Battle, were Sir Donald M* Donalds, Lo-
 
 144 MEMOIRS Part II. 
 
 clyellf, Broadalbins) Glengaries y M'Cleans, 
 dppins, Clan Ronalds, Glencoes, Keppochs, 
 Strowans, and M*Pherfcnr s befides others 
 that were elfewhere in Arms ; and particu- 
 larly the M'lntojhes, with the Brigadier of 
 that Name j and the McGregors under Rolf 
 Roy, who went about plundering the Coun- 
 try, and M'Dougal of Lorn did the like. 
 
 THESE are Inftances fufficient to ihe\v 
 the Neceflity of taking away the Superiori- 
 ties, and the Safety both of the Govern- 
 ment and Country calls for ir$ whatever 
 many of our Lords and other Superiors may 
 do to oppofe the fame. 
 
 I T may be objected,- That this will be 
 a Breach of the 2oth Article of the Union 
 above-mentioned ; but the Anfwer is eafy> 
 That it does not feem to be an unalterable 
 Article, fuch as that which relates to our 
 Church ; fince it is provided by the laft 
 Ciaufe of the i8th Article, That an Alte- 
 ration may be made in Laws which concern 
 private Rights, for the evident Utility of 
 the Subjeds within Scotland. And that 
 fuch a Law would be fo, is too demon- 
 ftrable to be controverted ; and will ftill 
 appear to be more necefTary, becaufe of the 
 great Opprelfions which Vaffah labour un- 
 der
 
 Part II. of John Kcr, Efq-, 145 
 
 der by thefe Tenures, as fhall be mentioned 
 anon. 
 
 W E know well enough. That thefe Te- 
 nures are the Remains of the old Gothick 
 Conftitution, which prevailed fo long in 
 Europe ; and were indeed neceflary in thefe 
 Days, when there was no other Way for 
 defending the Country: And the Barons 
 and other Vaflals, who held by Knight- 
 Service, were then inftead of a Standing 
 Army ,- and obliged to be ready for Defence 
 of the Government, againft Foreign Invafi- 
 ons and Inteftine Rebellions. But the Cafe 
 is now quite altered : There are (landing 
 regular Troops kept up for a conftant De- 
 fence of the Kingdom, by Guards and Gar- 
 rifons in Time of Peace, and more are le- 
 vied in Time of War. All thefe are main- 
 tained by Money raifed on the Subjects in 
 general ; fo that there feems not to be the 
 leaft Reafon for continuing thefe Tenures, 
 which are now become ufeleis, and do no 
 Way anfwer the original End of their Infti- 
 tution. And considering we are now united 
 in one Kingdom, they are lefs neceffary than 
 ever : And it cannot but be provoking to 
 the Scots, to be continued (till under Servile 
 Tenures, when the Engli/h are freed from 
 them. And I make not the leaft Doubt, 
 but even fome of our Great Men will be 
 L fo
 
 MEMOIRS Part II. 
 
 fo generous as willingly to part with their 
 Superiotitiet, upon a reafonable Compenfa- 
 tion for what they can call their jufl Right, 
 fuch as their Feu Duties in Feu Tenure*. 
 
 Asa farther Argument for taking away 
 thefe Superiorities I muft acquaint the Rea- 
 der, That our Superiors and Lbiefs of Clam, 
 efpecially in the North and North-weft 
 'Highlands and IJlss, aflfume a defpotical 
 Powtr over the fjfyet and Fortunes of their 
 Vaffals and Tenants : By this Means, the 
 Influence and Regal Power of our Kings 
 are interrupted and eclipfed ; for the poor 
 People fcarce know any other Sweraign 
 but their Superior, or Head of their Clan : 
 'And therefore are forced to obey . their 
 Commands even againft the King himfelf. 
 The Reafon is, becaufe their Superiors can 
 exerciie their Tirannical Power upon them, 
 before they can poffibly have any Relief 
 from the King , and they are in danger of 
 being Hanged up, before their own Doors, 
 under Pretence of Law and Jurifdttfioto of 
 their Superiors y and of having their Sub- 
 ftance taken away, and their Families re- 
 duced to Beggary, if they do not follow 
 
 them. 
 
 \ 
 
 I doubt not but the Inftance of the late 
 Earl of Mar is remembred, who, when he 
 
 began
 
 Pare II. of John Ker, Eft-, 147 
 
 began his Rebellion^ in the Clofe of the 
 Year 1715, fent a threatning Letter to his 
 Baillie and Vaffals of the Lord/hip of Kil- 
 drummy $ ordering them to come out with 
 their bed Arms, on Pain of having their 
 Houfes burnt, their Effects carried off, and 
 being profecuted as Enemies : And this was 
 at a Time, when he had no Force to back 
 his Orders^ but the Authority of a Superior. 
 By this it may be feen, that Vaffah and Te- 
 nanis have no other Way to efcape in fuch 
 a Cafe but to flee ,- which many Times is 
 not practicable : And if they do, their Fa- 
 milies and all that they leave is expofed 
 to Ruin. 
 
 I T is but a poor Relief, in fuch a Cafe, 
 for Vaffals and Tenant i^ who continue faith- 
 ful, and happen to efcape, to hope for Re- 
 drefs from the Government. Experience 
 hath tco frequently taught us $ that when 
 the Turn of a Miniftry is ferved, and they 
 have fecured themfelves, they take very 
 little Care of thofe who have fuffered for 
 the Government. Nor is it always in their 
 Power to give an adequate Relief to the 
 great Number of Sufferers: Befides, no 
 fufficient Compenfation can be made to a 
 Wife for the Lofs of her Husband, to Pa- 
 rents for the Lofs of their Children, and to 
 the Childrea for the Lofs of their Father. 
 L a" And
 
 MEMOIRS Part II. 
 
 And when the Eftates of Rebels of Quality 
 and Wealth are forfeited, there is' feldom 
 any Care taken to apply any Part of them 
 for the Relief of thofe that fuffer by the 
 'Rebellion. 
 
 MANY poor People were burnt out of 
 their Houfes in the Shire of Perth, and 
 elfewhere, by the Pretender's Orders j and 
 others had their Houfes plundered : And 
 many Loyal Gentlemen who ferved againft 
 the Rebels upon their own Charges, and 
 fome who had their Eftates wafted, and 
 their Tenants ruined by the Rebels^ are to 
 this Day without any Compenfation from 
 the Forfeited Eftates., or being otherwife 
 confidered, by the Government for their 
 Service and Sufferings. And had not fome 
 of them furniihed their Tenants with Mo- 
 ney to buy Corn and Cattle, and to rebuild 
 their Houfes, their Eftates muft have conti- 
 nued a Wildernefs, and their Tenants gone 
 a begging. 
 
 O N this Occaiion I cannot but obferve, 
 with Regret, the Non-execution of the Aff 
 of Parliament ^ which was fo well defigned 
 for difttiwaging the Rebellion^ by ordering. 
 That fuch Vaffals as continued faithful, 
 fliould be freed from the Vaffalage of their 
 Rebellious Superior s> and hold of the Crown ,- 
 
 and,
 
 Part II. of John Ker, Efy, 149 
 
 and. That every faithful Tenant, who held 
 a Farm, or Farms, of a Rebellious Landlord, 
 ihould have two Years Rent: As to the 
 latter Part, efpecially, I am told, the ho- 
 neft Tenants have received little Benefit 
 by it. 
 
 THESE, I think are Arguments ftrong 
 enough, from the Dangers to which the 
 Government, as well as Vafjals, foor Te- 
 nant^ and the whole Country are expofed 
 to, by thefe Superiorities to plead for an- 
 nulling of them. 
 
 BUT there is another Argument, which 
 more immediately relates to the Conftitu- 
 tion of Parliament ; and therefore I hope 3 
 will fway with both Houfes for annulling 
 thefe Superiorities. The Argument is this, 
 that all who are Vajjals to thefe Superiors, 
 tho* they have considerable Land Eftates, 
 are deprived of Votes in electing Parliament 
 Men: And even fuch as the{e Vafjals as 
 hold other Parts of their Eftates of the 
 Crown, are fo much over-awed by thefe Su- 
 periors of whom they hold the reft, that 
 they generally Vote their Way. I doubt 
 not, but it plainly appears, that this is an 
 Invafion upon a Fundamental Part of our 
 Conftitution, and therefore ought to be 
 removed. I perceive the Engliffi Houfe of 
 L 3 Com*
 
 150 MEMOIRS Partll. 
 
 Commons have been always fo jealous of the 
 Freedom of Elections, that they commonly 
 begin the Parliament with vigorous Refotoes 
 againft the Lords concerning themfelves in 
 the Election of Commoner. The Cafe with 
 us is much more dangerous here ; for Vaffa- 
 lage being abolifhed in England^ none of 
 your Lev ds can have fuch Influence in Elec- 
 tions, as our Superiors. 
 
 THIS Evil has in part been removed by 
 the Parliament of Scotland., in the Shire of 
 Sutherland } where the whole Gentry being 
 Vaffah to the Earl of that Name, the Par- 
 liament notwithftanding allowed them to 
 eled a Member of Parliament, as other 
 Shires : Yet this is but a lame Remedy, 
 fmce the Electors do intirely depend on the 
 Earl. 
 
 . 
 
 I muft alfo acquaint you, that fome of 
 our Superiorities are fo unjuft, abfurd and 
 barbarous, in their own Nature, that they 
 are a Shame and Reproach 'to any Cbriftian 
 Nation, where they are continued. The 
 fTrft I fhall mention is that of Ward-holdings. 
 It is very well known, that England could not 
 bear the holding of Lands by fuch a Te- 
 nure, even with your King-, that the 
 Complaints againft the Proceedings of their 
 Court of Wards ran fo high in the Time 
 
 * ^ r* 
 
 of
 
 Part II. of John Ker, Efq; 151 
 
 of King CHARLES I. as contributed not 
 a little to the general Difiatisfadion with 
 that Prince's Adminiftration ; infomuch that 
 even that loyal Parliament which was 
 called after the Reftoration of his Son 
 CHARLES II. found it necefTary to abo- 
 lifh thefe Ward-holding^ by the Law above- 
 mentioned. It may therefore eafily be 
 conceived, that we can never be eaiie to 
 have fuch a Yoke continued about our 
 Necks, when our Brethren of England are 
 free from it. 
 
 THESE Ward-holdings are ruinous to 
 many Families ; for when the Vaffal dies, 
 and leaves his Heir a Minor, the Superior 
 may, during his Minority, break in upon 
 the poor Widow and her Children ; and 
 take all the Rent of the Ward-lands^ ex- 
 cept a fmall Part for the Maintenance of 
 the eldeft Son. By this Means the Widow 
 and younger Children are deprived of their 
 Bread, and the Children alfo of their Edu- 
 cation j and the Debts owing by the Fa- 
 mily continuing unpaid, the Intereft eats up 
 the Eftate : But this is not all ; for when 
 the Heir comes to Age, the Superior may 
 demand a Year's Rent of him, under the 
 Name of Relief, and two or three Years 
 more in pretence of the Mar riage- Right j 
 fq that the Superior not only fwallows up 
 L 4 the
 
 MEMOIRS Part II. 
 
 the Eftate of his Vaffal, but defrauds his 
 Creditors. And if the poor Heir, as it 
 frequently happens, fells or mortgages any 
 Part of his Eftate, to pay off the juft Debts 
 of his PredecefTors, or to put himfelf in a 
 Way to live ; and happen but to fell or 
 mortgage a Foot more than the half of the 
 Eftate, the Superior takes the whole under 
 the Name of Recognition. 
 
 O N the other Hand, if the Heir either 
 neglect, or be not able to pay his Credi- 
 tors, they will diftrefs him with a Procefs 
 of Horning or Outlawry j and in that Cafe 
 the Superiors that have Regalities, feize and 
 pofTefs the whole Eftate moveable and he- 
 ritable, under the Name of Jingle and Li- 
 fer ent-Efche at ; and poiTefs the moveable 
 Eftate in Property: As all the Superiors, 
 whether having or not having Regalitier, 
 feize and potfefs the heritable Eftate during 
 the Heir's Life ; and ftill the Debt runs on, 
 to the Ruin of the Eftate. And this bar- 
 barous OpprefTion, from Liferent-Efcheatf 
 at Jeaft, is common to all our Holdings in 
 Scotland., whether Ward, Blench or Feu, and 
 fadly affli&s all our Vaffals, (tho' (landing 
 infeft by the Superiors) when diftreft by 
 any Creditor with a Procefs of Outlawry, 
 as well as the Heirs unentred, or not infeft 
 by the Superiors. 
 
 ON
 
 Part II. of John Ker, Efip 15 J 
 
 ON thisOccafion I muft inform the Rea- 
 der of the Abfurdities, as well as the Ty- 
 ranny of thefe Efcheatf, as follows. When 
 a Creditor obtains an Outlawry againft the 
 Debtor, if the latter be not able to pay him 
 in fix Days, or fuch Time as is mention- 
 ed in the Obligation, which may frequent- 
 ly happen, even to a rich Man, the Debtor 
 is immediately ruined : For by our Law, 
 all his movable Goods, and Debts owing 
 to him, fall to the King or other Super lor, 
 having a Regality ; who is not obliged to 
 allow a Sixpence to any of the Creditors, 
 except to him that obtained the Outlawry. 
 When a Man's Credit is thus broke, he can- 
 not be releafed from the Outlawry, and is 
 efteemed by our Law a Rebel : And the Su- 
 perior takes the Rents of the Eftate during 
 the poor Man's Life, under the Name of 
 Liferent-Efcheat j without paying a Farthing 
 to the Creditors, unlefs they be previoufly 
 infefc in the Eftate. It is true indeed, that 
 the Crown, out of the Senfe of the mani- 
 feft Injuftice of this Way of proceeding, 
 does, when the Efcheat falls into the Hands 
 of the King, charge the Efcheat with the 
 Payment of Debts to the Creditors j accord- 
 ing as thefe intrufted by the Crown think 
 fit to rank them. But that is merely an 
 Aft of Grace ; and, as it is ufually manag- 
 ed.
 
 154 MEMOIRS Part II. 
 
 ed, attended with Injuftice, becaufe the 
 Managers rank the Creditors as they pleafe. 
 So that frequently thefe Creditors who 
 ought to be preferred, have nothing at all : 
 And others, whpfe Claims are neither fo 
 confiderable, nor fo well founded, are paid, 
 Befides, if the Debtor grant Inf eft went s, or 
 agree to Adjudication! upon his Eftate, in fa- 
 vour of thofe whofe Claims he thinks befr, 
 the Superior, if he find that thefe Infeft- 
 wents and Adjudications are pofterior to 
 the Outlawry, feizes the whole Eftate, and 
 makes thefe Investments and Adjudications of 
 no Value. 
 
 CERTAINLY, if thefe Things were 
 fairly reprefented to a Britiflj Parliament, 
 they would readily come into Meafures 
 for delivering us from fuch Oppreilions ; the 
 very Recital of which is enough to make 
 a Cbrifiian Ear to tingle : For they are of 
 fuch a Nature, that the Barbarity of them 
 would be abhorred even among Heathen 
 Nations. I dare refer it to every one's 
 Judgment, whether the Vaffalage fpoken 
 pf, with all thefe Casualties, as we call 
 them, which are claimed by the Superior^ 
 ought not to be abolifhed. 
 
 ANOTHER Handle of Oppreflion a- 
 gainft the Vaffal is this t That upon any 
 
 Call
 
 Part II. of John Ker, EJq, 155 
 
 Call from their Superiors, they muft pro- 
 duce all the Writings relating to their Ef- 
 tates, and lodge them in a Qerk's Hand $ 
 otherwife Certification goes out againft 
 them, to deprive them of their Property : 
 And, even, when the Writings are produ- 
 ced, Superiors have many Ways to prolong 
 Suits upon frivolous Pretexts, and put their 
 Vaffah to intolerable Trouble and Charges 5 
 and many Times the Writings are loft, 
 while tolled from Hand to Hand among 
 Lawyers, Clerks and Agents, and other 
 Servants belonging to the Court > by which 
 Gentlemen loie their Eftates. And if at 
 laft the Superiors agree with their Vafjals, 
 they exa& fuch exorbitant Sums for pre- 
 tended Non-entries, Infancies, or for re- 
 ceiving the Heir or fmgular Sitcceffor of the 
 Vaffal, as fwallow up a great Part of the 
 Eftate. It is truly lamentable, to fee fo 
 many Procefjes of Reductions, Improbatiom % 
 Declarations of Non-entry, 'Declamations^ lr- 
 ritawies, and of fingle and Liferent- Efcbeatf, 
 in the Records of our Court of Stjfion, as 
 are enough to weary poor People out of 
 their Lives, as well as to deprive them of 
 their Eftates. 
 
 THE Crown has already agreed to take 
 moderate Rates for thefe Cajualttes, which 
 belong to the King -, but private Superiors 
 
 do
 
 MEMOIRS Partll. 
 
 do for the moft part demand exorbitant 
 Rates for them, tho' fome have been fo ge- 
 nerous as to ufe their Vafjals kindly, when 
 they fell into fuch unhappy Circumftances. 
 Upon the whole, I doubt not but all will 
 agree with me, that it were good, both 
 for the Crown and other Superiors, that fuch 
 fertile and opprefli've Tenures were aboliih.- 
 ed, and the Eftates of thefe who are now 
 Vaffals dis-incumbred, and many Gentle- 
 men's Families faved from being ruined by 
 the barbarous Cafualties of thefe Tenure?, 
 and honeft Creditors paid off their juft Debts , 
 and fo our whole Nation fhould find them- 
 felves obliged to blefs the King and Parlia- 
 ment, for refcuing us from fuch intolerable 
 Oppreifions. 
 
 THE Superiors may contend, That their 
 Superiorities are their own private Rights, 
 and that therefore they cannot be deprived 
 
 of them. 
 
 \ 
 
 T o this I anfwer, That as for the year- 
 ly Feu-duties in Feu-Tenures, I own that 
 they ought to have Compenfation for them : 
 But as to Ward-Mdings, and the Cafualitier 
 thereof, acclaimed by the Superiors, they 
 are fo barbarous, abfurd and unjuft in their 
 own Nature, that it is a Shame and Re- 
 proach they fliould be continued in a Cbri- 
 
 ftian
 
 Part II. of John Ker, Efq, 1 57 
 
 ftian Nation, as I have already faid : And 
 as they are Handles for cruel and barbarous 
 Oppreflion upon the Vaffals, and have been 
 fo ufed to the Ruin of many Gentlemens 
 Families in Scotland ; fo it would be very 
 dangerous for the King and his Royal Family 
 to have them continued, as giving Occa- 
 fion for Rebellion. Betide that the Ward- 
 holdings were altogether temporary ; intro- 
 duced, and to have been continued in Scot- 
 land only for temporary Ends and Ufes, 
 when the Barons and their Vaffals by their 
 Knight-Service, were the only Defence of 
 the Nation in all Wars. But now, and long 
 ago, the Cafe is wholly altered. There are 
 ftanding regular Troops levied, and kept 
 up for the Defence of the Nation; and 
 thefe paid by publick Taxes collected 
 from the whole People. And thefe regu- 
 lar Troops are all that the King and Par- 
 liament make life of for military Service : 
 And fo thefe Ward-holdings ought confe- 
 quentially to fall, and no Price can be de- 
 manded juftly for them. And the King 
 and Parliament have fully Ihewed their In- 
 clination and good Will for abolifhing all 
 thefe abominable Ward-holdings in Scotland, 
 of the Crown, from the late Act of 
 the Eritifh Parliament, vefting the forfeited 
 Eftates in Truftees, to be fold for the Ufe of 
 the Publick, in appointing fuch of the faid 
 
 Eftates
 
 MEMOIRS Part II. 
 
 Eftates as lie in Scotland, to be holden all, 
 after the Sale, of the King, by the Tenure 
 there called Blench-holding : Whereby it is 
 clear, that the King and Parliament part 
 With the Ward-holdings of the Crown, in 
 Forfeited Eflates, without any Value for 
 them ; and fo ought other Superiors to do. 
 For why fhould our Lords and Barons be 
 allowed to keep np thefe Ward-holdings of 
 themfelves, over their Vaffals, which are 
 barbarous in their own Nature, and were 
 only temporary in their fir/1 Inftitution } 
 when the King remits to thefe Lords and 
 Baron;, their own Ward- holdings of the 
 Crown : And when the original Occafion 
 and End of both of them were one and the 
 fame, and wholly Temporary, and are now 
 altogether ceafed, as aforefaid. And as for 
 the Eftheats claimed by the Superiors, they 
 give, and have given fo much Occaiion for 
 cruel Oppreflion and Fraud upon the Vdf- 
 fals, and their juft Creditors, that it Were a 
 Shame for any juft Perfon to claim any Va- 
 lue for them. 
 
 W E are alfo liable to another prefling 
 Grievance, which proceeded from the fame 
 Fountain ; and that is, Hereditary Jitrifdic- 
 lion belonging to feveral Families, fuch as 
 Ireftfoips, ^tewartries, Regalities, Bailliaries. 
 This is another Manner of interpofing be- 
 
 twixt
 
 Part II. of John Kcr, Efq- 9 1 59 
 
 twixt the So'veraign and the Subject ; and as 
 it is oppreflive to the People, fo it deprives 
 the Crown of as much Power as is given to 
 fuch )Families. This has frequently been 
 the Occafion of very great Oppreflions, and 
 particularly by the Jingle and Liferent Ef- 
 cheatf, falling to them in manner above- 
 mentioned : And thefe of them that have 
 Regalities, are vefted with no lefs than a 
 Royal Power, diminishing exceedingly the 
 Sfftieraignty and Prerogative of the King. 
 And to what Purpofe could thefe interpofed 
 Hereditary Jurijaitfionr in Scotland be con- 
 tinued ? But to give Occafion to harafs and 
 opprefs the poor People under them, with 
 fines and otner arbitrary Impofitionf ; applied 
 by the Judges theinfelves for their own pri-. 
 vate Ule^, and fo ready to blind their Eyes 
 in the Diftribution of Juftice : Or to enflave 
 and expofe the Kings Free Uifges to Atten- 
 dance upon fo many Head Courts every 
 Year, and ' Amemaments for Abfence. And 
 many of thefe Jurifdic^ions claim a Juftiti- 
 ary Power of Beheading and Hanging with- 
 in their Territories at Pleafure : And all of 
 them impofe and exaft pecunial Mulffs for 
 their own proper Ufes, and fomefor littleor 
 no Faults ; the Benefit of the Fine* redound- 
 ing to them (elves, as in the Cafe of what 
 we call Bloods arid Batteries. If one be at- 
 tacked by another, and have ufed only in- 
 nocent
 
 160 MEMOIRS Part II. 
 
 nocent Self-defence, though for faving his 
 Life, when both the Aggreflbr and Defen- 
 dant are called before thefe our Judge?, 
 they Fine the innocent Defendant as well as 
 the dggrejjorj unlefs the Defendant depofe 
 upon Oath, that he gave not a Stroke, 
 though for his own neceffary Defence, and 
 even to fave his Life. And when there are 
 real Crimes committed, fuch as Theft 3 our 
 Judges ordinarily feizes the Goods of the 
 Criminal, without convicting him j or com- 
 pounds the Matter privately with him, and 
 gives him perfonal Freedom thereafter ; that 
 he may Thieve more, or beg with his Wife 
 and Children, and be a Burden on the 
 Country where he lived, when our Judge 
 .has taken all his Goods from him. From 
 all which it is evident, what Thraldom 
 our poor Nation is in by thefe Hereditary 
 JitriJ'dittion^ as exercifed arbitrarily. And 
 I can call them no lefs than Imperia in Im- 
 perio, which the King and his Royal Family, 
 ought not to difpenfe with, as vaftly di- 
 minifhing his Sovereignty and Kingly Power, 
 and as being inconlident with the fame. 
 Nay, by the Oppreflions ufed within thefe 
 Junfdidions, many People are frighted from 
 coming into their Bounds, and fo the Lands 
 therein are lowed, and of lower Eftimate j 
 publick Fairs and Markets in Towns with- 
 in the fame are lefs frequented, and no Im- 
 provements
 
 Part II. of John Ker, Efy 161 
 
 provements are made, by Inclofing and 
 Planting of Ground, and otherwife ; and 
 all Trade difcouraged, to Scotland's great 
 and general Lofs. Whereas^ there is no 
 fuch oppreffive Jurifdiclions in England, in- 
 terpofed betwixt the King and his Subjeclf* 
 But thefe Matters are determined in Eng- 
 land by IreffeS) Jitfticer of Peace, and others 
 nominated and appointed by the King, from 
 Time to Time, who have no Temptation 
 from EftheAts and Amcrciaments of Court 
 falling to them 'proprio Jure. But the Fines 
 put upon, and exa&ed from Delinquents, 
 are applied for publick Ufes, for the Ufe of 
 the Poor, and relieving the Englijh of the 
 Burden of them. And therefore, feeing 
 we are now Incorporated with that Nation, 
 by the Union, I hope, it will be thought juft 
 and reafonable, that we in Scotland ihould 
 enjoy the fame Liberties, and breathe in the; 
 lame free Air as the 
 
 O N this Occafion I cannot but take No- 
 tice, That the King and Parliament takes 
 Care, that the Hereditary Jurifdiffiom> fucb 
 as Regalities, &c. that formerly belonged 
 to our Forfeit Lords, and others, be not 
 conveyed to the Pnrchafers of the Forfeited 
 Eftates ; but funk in the Power of the So- 
 *veraign : Which is a clear Evidence, that 
 the King and Parliament fee the Evil of in* 
 M
 
 terpofed Superiorities, and Hereditary Jurif- 
 dittions betwixt the King and the People ; 
 as derogating from the Saver aigns Power, 
 and as being Handles for opprefTmg the Peo- 
 ple, and even rebelling againft the King 
 himfelf and his Government. 
 
 UPON the whole, I make bold to fay, 
 That had the EngHJh Parliament been duly 
 apprifed of the ill Confequences of thefe 
 Superiorities and Jurifditfionf, inftead of con- 
 firming them, by the Union, they would 
 have found, that it had been more for the 
 Intereft of England, to have advanced Mo- 
 ney for buying what thefe Superiors can call 
 their jufl Right : Which I humbly take to 
 be no more than their Yearly Feu Duties in 
 Feu Tenures ; all the reft of the Cafualties 
 claimed by the Superiors being unjuft and 
 barbarous, and which no Chriftian Nation 
 ihould allow of. 
 
 THIS, I think, will be denied by none, 
 who consider, that the late Rebellions in 
 Scotland, which were chiefly occafioned by 
 fnch Superiorities, have coft England a great 
 deal more in Taxes for fuppreiling them, 
 and maintaining ftanding Troops, than that 
 would have amounted to. 
 
 IT
 
 Pare II. of John Ker, Efy 16$ 
 
 I T may eafily be conceived. That Vaf* 
 fals who held fo long by thefe Tenure^ and 
 confidered the frequent Changes of Govern* 
 ment that have happened in this IJland, muft 
 be always under a Dread of their Superiors' j 
 as we have feen it but too plain, even in 
 the Cafe of thofe who were Forfeited for 
 the Rebellion : But if once the Vaflals are 
 fet at Liberty, by fuch a Law, and come to 
 hold of the Crown, as other Gentlemen do, 
 they will quickly feel the happy Effect of 
 it, and be no more under the Dread of fuch 
 arbitrary Superiors, but become engaged by 
 Affection, as well as Intereft, to continue 
 Loyal to their Soveraign ; fince it would be 
 more honourable as well as profitable, to 
 depend only on the Crown and the Laip. 
 Whereas, now, they are fo much under 
 the Awe and Power of thefe Superiors, that 
 they do not almoft look upon the King as 
 their Soveraign, efoecially in the Highlands 
 and 7/7?j-, but fo far as their Superiors will 
 give them Leave. 
 
 I muft alfo think. That the Scots may be 
 encouraged to expect a Relief from tfie 
 Slavery and Opprelfion of Superiorities and 
 Hereditary Jurifdiffions, under which they 
 labour and groan ; and that not only from 
 the Union that now is betwixt England and 
 M 2 Scotland,
 
 MEMOIRS Part II. 
 
 Scotland, entitling Scotland to the fame Pri- 
 vileges, that the whole united Body may 
 be uniform in Liberty and Property, and the 
 Deformity by a Part of Oppreffion and Sla- 
 very, may not diihonour the whole : But 
 alfo from the great Purchafes that the Eng- 
 lifh Nation have now made, and may yet 
 make in Scotland-, whereby thefe Griev- 
 ances will certainly come to touch them in 
 the purchafed Eftates, and will \difcourage 
 exceedingly from improving their Lands 
 purchafed in Scotland, by Inclofmg, Plant- 
 ing, and otherwife; and taking Ltafes for 
 that Effect, and from Trading within your 
 Purchafed Eftates. And truly, Difcourage- 
 ments of that Nature have been a lad Af- 
 fliction hitherto generally through Scotland, 
 and have occafioned the Neglect of all fucli 
 Improvements, to Scotland's great Lofs : 
 And therefore a Remedy ought to be fpee- 
 dily provided. 
 
 THERE is another Grievance which af- 
 fects us very much, and gives our great Men 
 and others an Opportunity to opprefs the 
 People, I mean, Tithes. We are fenfible, 
 that in Time of Popery, the Secular and 
 Regular Clergy were fo Numerous, that they 
 inhanced a great Part of the Nation's Wealth 
 for their Maintenance : So that they poileft 
 moft of its Revenues a either under the No- 
 tion
 
 Part II. of JohnKer, Efqt 165 
 
 tion of Church Lands or Tithes > which were 
 then colle&ed with great Tyranny and Ri- 
 gour. And the Clergy then pretending a 
 Divine Right to them, fcarce any one durft 
 oppofe their Tyranny in that refpect, without 
 Danger of being treated as Heretic/if, or 
 facrilegious Persons. 
 
 A T the Time of the 'Reformation^ Peo- 
 ple were glad to be rid of their Spiritual 
 Tyranny, and fo were not fo attentive as 
 they ought to have been, to be freed from 
 the Burden of Tithes : This gave many of 
 our Nobility and others, an Opportunity to 
 poffefs themfelves of thefe Church Lands 
 and Tithes, under the Names of Superior^ 
 Lords of Eretfion, Titulars of Tithes, and 
 Patrons. By which they kept up their Ttibet 
 to the full Extent, as in Time of Popery, 
 and allowed only a fmall Salary to the Pro? 
 teftant Clergy which in moft Places did not 
 exceed a Third or Fourth of the Value of 
 the Tithes. I will not call this Sacrilege .; 
 but certainly it is a Thing very unreafon- 
 able in it felf, that thefe Lords and others 
 fhould enjoy the Tithes which were fet 
 aiide for the Maintenance of Minifters, and 
 other pious Ufes ; (ince they do no manner 
 of Service in the Church. And certainly 
 there -cannot be the leaft Shadow of Rea- 
 fon that they fhould have from the Tithes 
 M the
 
 166 MEMOIRS PartlL 
 
 the double or triple the Value of our Mi- 
 nifters Stipend or Salary. 
 
 I T is true indeed that, after much Strug- 
 gling with the Crown, and others who had 
 pofTeft themfelves of the Church- Lands and 
 Tithes, our Minifters are, for the moft part, 
 as handfomely provided for, as in any other 
 Proteflant Country j yet a few of them 
 Jiave but a fhort Allowance. Part of them 
 are paid their Salaries by way of Modifica- 
 tion out of the Tithes, others by way of 
 Locality upon the Lands in the Parifh : But 
 too many of our Superiors, titulars and Pa- 
 trons, put the Miniiters to vexatious, tedi- 
 ous and expenfive Suits for Payment of 
 their juft Salary ; which diverts them from 
 the due (Lxercile of their Funftion, and is 
 frequently attended with other ill Confe- 
 quences, as Difputes at Law, and Grudges 
 betwixt them and their Parifhioners: There- 
 fore fome Method ihould be thought on 
 to prevent Minifters being Collectors of 
 their own Stipends. A lib when Churches 
 become vacant, by the Death of Minifters 
 or otheiwife, the great Men and other Pa- 
 trons do fometimes mifapply the vacant 
 Stipends, which by Law ought to be em- 
 ployed for the Poor, and other public^ 
 ^-Tr- 
 ies. 
 
 OUR
 
 Part II. of John Ker, Efq-, i<$-j 
 
 OUR Parliaments were fo fenfible of the 
 Abuie upon leflfer Free-holders, in the Mat- 
 ter of Tithes., that they Ena&ed, That eve- 
 ry one fhould have the Liberty to buy his 
 own Tithes, for Nine Years Purchafe, from 
 Titulars, and Six Years from Patrons, ex- 
 cept fuch as were appropriated to the Mini- 
 fters i and the A& enjoined Tithe-makers 
 to fell them at that Rate : But that Aft 
 has not proved fo effectual as was defign- 
 ed, becaufe the Rights of the Tithes being 
 in the Hands of Perfons of great Power, 
 fuch as Lords of Regalities, &c. above-men- 
 tioned, the letter Free-holders dare not feek 
 the Benefit of that Lawj or if they did, 
 thefe Great Men weary them out by te- 
 dious and expenfive Law*faits, which puts 
 them to more Charge than the Thing is 
 worth. And thefe Great Men frequently 
 elude the Law, by pretending a Power to 
 allocate the Tithes of thefe Free-holders, who 
 offer to buy them, to the Minifters, for 
 Payment of their modified Salary, by free- 
 ing one Heritor, and laying the Burthen 
 upon another. By which Means, thefe Great 
 Men have all the Tithes of their own Lands 
 free from any Part of the Minifter's Salary, 
 to the great Oppreffion both of the Mini- 
 fters and fmall Free-holders. Another ill 
 Confequence that attends the Poffeflion of 
 M 4 Tithes
 
 168 MEMOIRS Part II. 
 
 Ttthet by our Great Men, is, that fuch of 
 them as are difdffe&ed, have thereby found 
 Means to force leiler Free-holder^ and o- 
 thers who pay them TitbZs, to follow them 
 in the Rebellion. 
 
 I T is computed, that near half of the 
 Tithes of the Nation is not united with the 
 Property, fo that it would certainly be a 
 great Relief to the Country, if the above- 
 mentioned Law for redeeming them were 
 retrieved and reinforced, and all the Tithes 
 were confolidated with the Property ; with 
 this Provifo, That reafonable Provifion 
 fliotild be allowed out of them for Mini- 
 flers and School^ where it is wanting. 
 
 O N this Occafion, I cannot but mention 
 our Society erected in Scotland, by Letters 
 Patent from the late Queen^ for propagating 
 Chriftian Knowledge in the Highlands and 
 Jfle's : They have made fuch a Progrefs al- 
 ready with their fmall Fund, in fettling 
 Schools, and reforming the People, that, 
 were the fame allowed by King and Par- 
 liament , out of the forfeited Eftates in Scot* 
 land) put under fuch Managers as that So- 
 ciety confifts of, we might foon, by the 
 BlefTing of GOD, hope to fee the People 
 of thofe Parts reformed from the grofs Po- 
 ijb Wdjy 1 may fay, Heathenijh Ignorance 
 
 and
 
 part II. of John Ker, Efq; 
 
 and Superftition, that reigns amoqgft them : 
 Which has all along made them obfequi- 
 ous Slaves to their Popijh, and otherwife 
 difaffefted Chieftains, and ready to concur 
 with them in promoting Popery, Slavery, 
 and raifing Rebellions againft the Govern- 
 ment fince the Revolution. 
 
 Some Papers relating to the Oflend 
 Co?npany y viz. 
 
 To His Excellency Count Starhem- 
 berg, &c. at Hanover. 
 
 May it fleafe your Excellency, 
 
 HAviNG had the Honour to addrefs 
 my felf to your Excellency, in a 
 Letter very lately, I had no Thoughts of 
 troubling your Excellency any farther, un- 
 til I was honoured with yoiir Commands. 
 But being informed by my Friend Mr. D - 
 that your Excellency was of Opinion, That 
 proper Application Jhould be made to Her moft 
 Serene Bighnefs the drch Dutchefs Elizabeth, 
 at her Court at Bruxels, and that it was ad~ 
 vifable to lay the whole /ffair before Her, as 
 Governefs of the Imperial Netherlands. I 
 therefore intreat your Excellency would 
 
 be
 
 170 MEMOIRS Part II. 
 
 be pleafed to tranfmit all my Papers to her 
 Moft Serene Highnefs, in fuch Manner as 
 you ihall think proper, and to recommend 
 the fame to fome Perfon at Her Court, 
 whom you fhall judge moft Convenient, 
 and when your Excellency has fo done, 
 you will pleafe to honour me with Advice 
 thereof, that I may immediately embark 
 for Flanders^ in order more fully to ex- 
 plain my SCHEMES, and give undeniable 
 Proofs that they are founded on moft Sub- 
 ftantial Reafons, and the Means to effecT: 
 them, perfectly fitted to thofe great Ends 
 1 Propofe, without bringing any Expence 
 on his Imperial Majefty. 
 
 I have now finifhed the Scheme of that 
 LOTTERY, &c. 1 mentioned in my laft 
 Letter ; and am perfectly well fitisfied, your 
 Excellency's Friends at Bruxels will pleafe 
 to approve, as foon as I have the Honour 
 to communicate it in Perfon to them, at 
 that Court. 
 
 I flatter my felf, your Excellency will 
 be agreeably iurprifed, when I fully difco- 
 ver and open thofe Views^ which, I hope, 
 may be attended with piodigious Increafe 
 of PcW;:r and Riches to his Imperial Maje- 
 fly's Dominions 5 efpedaily when atfifted by 
 
 <Q
 
 Part II. of John Ker, Eft, 171 
 
 fo great a Patronage as yours. 1 beg Par- 
 don for the Trouble I give your Excellen- 
 cy ; and am, with the moft profound Re- 
 fped and Sincerity, your Excellency's moft 
 Obedient, and Devoted Servant, 
 
 KER, of Kerjland. 
 
 P. S. I beg the Honour of an Anfwer, 
 as foon as Poflible. 
 
 London, 26th October , 1725. O. S. 
 
 P R O P O SA L to his Imperial 
 Majefiy. 
 
 THAT His Imperial Majefty Grant a 
 Licenfe to for 
 
 railing two Millions feven Hundred Thou- 
 fand Flemmijh Gilders, by a Lottery, to be 
 Drawn at the City of Bruges, in the Au- 
 ftrian Netherlands; which two Millions fe- 
 ven Hundred Thoufand Gilders, fhall be 
 Lent to his Imperial Majefty, to pay off fo 
 much of the Money due upon Mortgages 
 upon high Intereft, from his Imperial Ma- 
 jefty to the Dutch, on Security of a good 
 Fund, to be granted by the Emperor, in 
 
 Flanders i
 
 rp. MEMOIRS Part II. 
 
 T landers; for paying five per Cent for Inte- 
 reft for the laid Capital of two Millions, fe- 
 ven Hundred Thoufand Gilders ; amount- 
 ing to one Hundred Thirty five Thoufand 
 Gilders per Annum. By which will be fa- 
 ved to the Emperor, the Difference be- 
 tween five per Cent, and the exorbitant In- 
 tereft he now pays to the Dutch. 
 
 I N order to which. Seventy five Thou- 
 fand Tickets, of Thirty fix bleinmijh Gil- 
 ders each, iliall be iflfued out, extending in 
 the whole, to two Millions feven Hundred 
 Thouiand Gilders. 
 
 THE Prizes being in Number twelve 
 Thouiand five Hundred, extends, in the 
 whole, to two Millions feven Hundred 
 Thoi;fand and Eighty Gilders. 
 
 THE Prizes to fuffer a Deduction of ten 
 per Cent, out of the abovefaid five per Cent 
 for Intereft, as ihall be due to each Ticket ; 
 to be applied to the Ufe of the Patentee, 
 as a Reward for his Pains and Trouble, and 
 defraying the Charges of Drawing the Lot- 
 tety, and other incident Charges relating 
 thereto. 
 
 A Par-
 
 Part II. of John Ker, Efq; 
 
 A Particular of the Tickets. 
 
 Gilders. Gilders. 
 
 1 at 100,000 
 
 2 at 50,000 
 
 2 at 20,000 
 
 4 at 10,000' 
 
 16 at 5,000 
 
 40 at 2,000 
 
 80 at 1,000 
 
 500 at 500 
 
 4106 at ' 240- 
 
 7747 at 120 
 
 i fir ft Drawn 5000 
 
 i laft Drawn 20000 
 
 Prizes Total, 2,700,080; 
 
 75000 Tickets, at 36 Flemmijih Gilders 
 each, amounts to 2,700,000. 
 
 PJROPO-
 
 174 MEMOIRS Part II. 
 
 PROPOSAL, for ratftnt a 
 
 n 4 f ^ 
 
 joint- Stock of 50001. in Part- 
 ner fop, for furnifhing the Impe- 
 rial Company of the Auftrian 
 Netherlands with Beer, and o- 
 ther Englifh Malt Liquors, viz. 
 
 I. r TPHAT ten Pounds per Cent be paid 
 JL by each Partner hereunto Signing, 
 at the Time of his Signature, into the 
 Hands of the^refent Treafu- 
 
 rer agreed on. No fuch Partner figning for 
 more than nor lefsthan 
 
 Pounds. 
 
 II. T H A T the Refidne of the fa id Mo- 
 ney fhall be from Time to Time paid, at 
 fuch Times, and at fuch Manner, as the 
 fame Partners, or the Majority of them in 
 Number and Value fhall appoint, giving 
 one Month's Notice, or more, of each fuch 
 Subfequent Payments. 
 
 III. THAT out of the faid Money, there 
 fhall be paid by the fame Treaiurer, or a- 
 ny fubfequent Treafurer, into the Hands 
 of i Jo/- for procuiing a 
 
 Contract
 
 Part II. of John Ker, Efq; 175 
 
 Contract with the faid Company for the 
 Purpofe aforefaid, for fuch Term or Conti- 
 nuance, and at fuch feveral Rates and Prices 
 as lhall be contained in an Inftrument of* 
 Inftru&ions from the faid Partners, or fuch 
 Majority of them, as afore faid , and after 
 fuch Contracl: compleated and executed 
 by the faid Company, and delivered to the 
 faid Treafurer for the faid Partners, he ihali 
 Pay into the Hands of the. faid 
 the farther Sum of 200 /. And when there 
 fhall be obtained from his Imperial Majefty, 
 or the Government of the Auflrian Nether- 
 land^ an Effectual Grant, or Edifi* prohi- 
 biting the Importation into the faid Nether- 
 land^ of all Beer., or other Englifo Malt 
 Liquors, by any other Perfon or Perfons, 
 Bodies Politick or Corporate, then the faid 
 Partners fo contracting with the faid Com- 
 pany, during the Continuance of the faid 
 Contract, there fhall be paid into the Hands 
 of the faid the farther Sum of 
 
 i5o/. to make up 5 oof. Premium , for ob- 
 taining fuch Contract and Grant 3 or Editf, 
 as aforefaid. 
 
 P.S.
 
 P. S. May it plcafe your Excellency., Di- 
 fpatch in this Affair is of the laft Im- 
 portance i and both my Promife and Du- 
 ty to the Emperor engages me to prove 
 to his Imperial Majefty, that not one Step 
 has been delayed by me, but all along pro- 
 fecuted with fuch indefatigable Diligence 
 as fo great a Concern requires j and there- 
 fore I am impatient 'till I know your Excel- 
 lency's Pleafare, being now, blefled be 
 GOD, reftored to my Health, and in a 
 Condition to undertake any Journey. 
 
 BUT if your Excellency {hall think fit 
 to decline the Patronizing this great and 
 good Undertaking, 1 muft take the proper 
 Meafures to difcharge my Confcience and 
 Duty to his Imperial Majefty, without lofing 
 any more Time. 
 
 K.E R, of Kerjland. 
 
 To
 
 Part II. of John Ker, Efo 177 
 
 To JOHN KER, of Kerfhnd, 
 
 i ilh of November, 172 ^ 
 SIR, 
 
 I Think the Bearer, Captain W- - may 
 be of incredible Service in the Affair 
 ot Trade, &c. 
 
 I refer you to himfelf, and pray let me 
 know your Sentiments thereon. 
 
 THIS Gentleman by Sea, and You by 
 Land , may, in Time , accomplish, the 
 greateft Project in the World, to the eter- 
 nal Honour and Profit of all Parties con- 
 cerned, efpecially his Imperial Majefty, and 
 the Auguft Houle of Aujlna. 
 
 Adieu, dear Friend, 
 
 R. D. 
 
 LETTER to a FRIEND. 
 
 SIR, 
 
 AS to my poor Thoughts, relating to 
 the Motives of the Duke de Ripper- 
 das Diigrace, you have them here without 
 the lead Ceremony. 
 
 N WHEN
 
 178 MEMOIRS Part II. 
 
 WHEN I confider the Shortnefs of the 
 Time of this great Minifter, which was 
 not above two Months, and no fuperior 
 Minifter to infpeft his Accompts, nor no 
 Order from the King of Spain to do it, it 
 appears to me a quite out of the way 
 Thought, without folid Foundation, that 
 an Embezzlement was his Crime. But I am 
 of the Opinion, that his Difgrace rather pro- 
 ceeded from his Correfponding with the 
 Britifo Court j and this Opinion feems too 
 flrongly fupported by two Fads : i. His 
 taking Refuge in the Britifh Minister's Houfe^, 
 moft Obnoxious to that Court of all others, 
 and not in the Houfe of any other Minifter. 
 2. I obferve next our Foreign Papers, for 
 feveral fucceflive Pofts, gave us Accounts 
 from a great many Places, that the Preten- 
 der was preparing to leave Italy, in order 
 to fome Foreign Expedition ; and at laft 
 confirmed by two or three fucceflive Ones, 
 that he was fet out, with fome Poft Chaifes 
 and Calafties, attended by a great many 
 Lords and Gentlemen : But this co-inciding 
 exactly with Ripperdas Difgrace, and the 
 Pretender's unexpected Return to his former 
 Abode, confiqns me in the Opinion that 
 tM Secret was out, which could, all Things 
 "coniicler'd, be by no other Means than the 
 
 Difcoyery
 
 Part II. of. John Ker, Efy 179 
 
 Difcovery the Sfaniffi Court had made 3 
 tending to crufli that Undertaking. 
 
 RIPPERDA is a Hollander, a Man of 
 Parts and Subtilty ; he was lent by the 
 States, as their Envoy, to the Court of 
 Spain, where he quitted their Service, and 
 changed his Religion, which ingratiated 
 him with the Spaniards : He had Cunning 
 enough to ftrike in with the Qu E E N of 
 Spain, upon her dreadful Refentment of the 
 great Affront of fending back to Spain her 
 Daughter, the INFANTA Queen, from 
 France $ and knowing the great Power the 
 Queen of Spain had over the KING, and 
 that flie, being an Italian, was incapable of 
 foregiving an Injury ; he, by her Means, 
 brought about the King of Spain's confent- 
 ing to a firm Treaty of Peace and Commerce 
 with the Houfe of Aufiria, and himfelf to 
 be privately fent to Vienna, and impower- 
 ed to conclude it with the Emperor, which 
 being fo much to his Benefit, he readily 
 agreed to it. 
 
 I fhall in the laft Place obferve; 
 that Ripperda might be intimidated in- 
 to this Snare ,- he knew he was a Fo- 
 reigner, and that the Spanijb Grandees 
 are never eafy while a Stranger is at the 
 
 N 2 Helm ,
 
 180 MEMOIRS Part II. 
 
 Helm ; and that it would not be long in the 
 KING or Q.U E E N'S Power to protect 
 him in the Poffeflion of his High Pofts, of 
 which a much greater Man than he, A L- 
 B E R o N i, was a late Inftance $ and there- 
 fore he might be willing to make his For- 
 tune and be gone, when he found it Con- 
 venient for him. 
 
 I am Sir, &c. 
 
 ER, of Kerjland. 
 
 CONCLVSION. 
 
 I lhall here fhut up, this Part of, my Pa- 
 pers; with recommending to all Perfons in 
 Places of the higheft Truft, the noble and 
 difinterefted Example of the late Mr. Se- 
 cretary Addifon^ whom it behoves all his 
 Succeifors to imitate > for, as it is skilfully 
 obferved by the Writer of his Life, * fag. 9. 
 
 * I do not mean that paultry Account of him writ- 
 ten by Mr. Ttckell, but the Memoirs of his Life and 
 Writing* i to which is annexed his Will. Printed for 
 Mr. Curll in the Stnnd.
 
 Part II. 0/ JohnKer, Efy- 181 
 
 I N all his publick Stations and Trufts he 
 gained a wonderful Applaufe. His great 
 Vivacity, Penetration, Learning, and OV> 
 fervations, rendered him perfectly Mafter of 
 the moft important Buflnefs of the State ,- 
 neither was he wanting in Difpatch, which 
 in him was fo eafy, that in many Cafes, what 
 was a Pleafure to Mr. A D D i so N, was al- 
 xnoft infuperable to others. 
 
 AND what is a peculiar Commendation 
 of Perfons in fuch advantageous Stations, 
 his Afliduity to ferv.e his Friends, and great 
 Dis-Lntereftednefs in fo doing, was very re- 
 markable. I have Authority to communi- 
 cate to the World an InfUnce of this Na- 
 ture, in the Cafe of the Honourable Major 
 David D unbar > to whom Mr. APDJSON 
 had done a very fignal piece of Service in 
 the Year 1715. when he was Secretary to 
 the Earl of Sunderland, then Lord Lieute- 
 nant of Ireland. This Favour, in the Ma^ 
 jor's Eftimation of it, deferved a very Hand- 
 fome return, and accordingly he fent the 
 Secretary a Bank-Bill for 300 Guineas, which 
 he would not by any means accept. I am 
 farther to inform the Reader, that upon Mr. 
 A D D i s o N'S refufal of the Bill, the Major 
 jpurchafed a Diamond-Ring of the fame Var 
 IS 5 ^ Jue,
 
 181 MEMOIRS PartIL 
 
 lue, and upon his tender of that Prefent, 
 it was reje&ed with fome Warmth. 
 
 How heartily he efpoufed the Majors 
 Intereft, will appear to his Honour, from 
 the Two following Letters ; as well as the 
 honejl Eeafo/i he gives for not accepting, what 
 the Major thought only, an Equitable Gra- 
 tuity. 
 
 BETTER L 
 
 I;."-',-. W>1 f/W'J. '-*'> 'I' 1 ^1 
 
 To the flvmurabk Major 
 
 SIR, 
 
 I This Morning urged to my Lord Lieu- 
 tenant every Tiling you fuggeft in. 
 your Letter, and what elfe came into my 
 Thoughts. He told me it flopped with 
 the Secretary, and that he would ftill fee 
 what could be done in it. I fpoke to Sir 
 William St. Qiiintin to remove all Difficul- 
 ties with the Secretary, and will again plead 
 your Caufe with His Excellency to morrow; 
 Morning. If yon fend me word where I 
 may wait on you about Eleven a Clock, in 
 fome ftye-Coffee-Houfe) I will inform you of 
 the IfTue of this Matter if I find my Lord 
 
 Sunder--
 
 Part II. of John Ker, Eft; 1 8 j 
 
 Snnderland at Home, and will convince you 
 that I was in Earneft when I wrote to yeu 
 before, by fhewing my feif, 
 
 Sir, 
 
 Tour moft Dif-interefled 
 Humble Servant 
 J. ADD iso N. 
 
 LETTER II. 
 
 To the Honourable Major D u N B A R. 
 
 SIR, 
 
 I Find there is a very ftrong Oppofkion 
 formed againft you, but I ihall wait on 
 my Lord Lieutenant this Morning, and lay 
 your Cafe before him as advantageoufly as 
 I can, if he is not engaged in other Com- 
 pany. I am afraid what you fay of his 
 Grace * does not portend you any Good. 
 
 AND now Sir believe me, when I allure 
 yon, I never did, nor ever will, on any 
 
 * Duke of Marlborough. 
 
 N 4 pretence
 
 184 MEMOIRS Partir. 
 
 pretence whatfoever take more than the 
 #ued and cuftomary Fees of my Office. I 
 might keep the contrary Practice concealed 
 from the World, were I capable of it, but 
 J could not from my Self. And I hope I 
 iliall always fear the Reproaches of my own 
 Heart more than thofe of all Mankind In 
 the mean Time, if I can ferve a Gentleman 
 of Merit, and fuch a Character as you bear 
 in the World, the Satisfaction I meet with 
 on fuch an Occallon, is always a Sufficient^ 
 and the only Reward to, 
 
 5/V, 
 
 TT *l T * 
 
 ., I JL Cl v l 
 
 Tour moft Obedient 
 Humble Servant, 
 ]. 
 
 r 
 
 THUS it plainly appears, Mr. Addifon 
 gave a Luftre to the Places he enjoyed 
 and the great Perfonages he had the Ho- 
 nour to Terve: He managed his greateft 
 Charge with known Ability ; and refigned 
 it only on Account of his Health, which it 
 was a publick Misfortune he was ever with- 
 out. If any Objection has been made to 
 his Character, it has proceeded from over- 
 much Modefty, a Fault eafijy to be forr 
 given, 
 
 INs
 
 INDEX; 
 
 A. 
 
 y\ Ddijon, his Account of the Old Whigs 1 
 jfV -his Two Letters to Major Dunbar 182 
 Alexander, William, (Earl of Sterling his Grants 
 
 by Ring Jkww I- 4$ 
 
 American Grievances 114 
 
 Argal, Sir Samuel, difpoffefles the French of their 
 
 Settlements in America 48 
 
 Author, his Reafons for deferring the Publication 
 
 of his Papers ? 
 
 B. 
 
 , Lord, his Prophetick- Advice 119 
 his Cafe 1 10 
 
 Canada, Defcents made from thence on the Nor- 
 
 thern- Colonies 46, 5p 
 
 Canfeaux, our Fi&ery there 52 
 
 Cape-Breton, Clamours on furrendring it to the 
 
 French 25 
 
 Carolina, its Government 64 
 
 Companies, their Confederacy P4 
 
 frozat, Monfieur, the Powers granted to him by 
 
 j:he King of Frame 5 2
 
 INDEX. 
 
 D. 
 
 Page 
 
 ien, the Fatality of the Scots Settlements 
 there 35 
 
 D'Avenant's State of the Nation 120 
 
 Doucet, Col. his Conduct 56 
 
 Dumblain, Rebels, Account of that Battle 145 
 Dutch, their Impofitions 107, 128 
 
 Eaft-India Trade confidered 105 
 
 Englifby always dreaded a Standing Army 
 
 li^J.;' "iO ttj.iAi"* V.ij . 
 
 Foreigners, the Dangerous Confequences to be ap* 
 prehended from their Politicks 3> 108 
 
 France, King of, and the Emperor, their Power 
 confidered jo, 84 
 
 French, trefpafs on our Settlements ' 50 
 
 Frontenac, his Management 27, 40^ 43 
 
 G. 
 
 Gage, Mr. his Defcription of New-Gtillitia 37 
 Genoa, Policy of that Republick 22 
 
 St. George's Bank 23 
 
 Gentleman, a Scot, puts a dangerous Proje& in- 
 
 to the Hands of King JA MIS II. 141 
 
 George, King, His Virtues, /. 2. Not to be 
 
 charged with any Mis-conduct, 108. The 
 
 Author's Aflfedion to His Majefty
 
 INDEX- 
 
 H. 
 
 Page 
 
 Harkfs Miniflry, their Sentiments of Trade 4 
 
 Hettnepin, the Jefuit, the Account he gave King 
 
 WILLIAM of his Travels into America 35, 
 
 37, 38, 4* 
 
 flighland-Clans, the Difturbance they have given 
 in former Reigns 137 
 
 Hontan, Monfieur la, his Expedition to Ame- 
 rica 45 
 
 Jamaica, their Merchants clandeftine Practices 67 
 lberijiUe y Monfieur, his Expedition to Mexico 32, 
 
 35 
 
 Imperial-Majefty, Memorial concerning his Com- 
 pany. 
 Joliet, Monfieur, his Difcoveries in America 27 
 
 K. 
 
 e, Scots Behaviour at that Battle 137 
 L. 
 
 , Mr. his Condu& in France, p. ip. &c. 
 His Schemes considered, ^.71. His Charac- 
 ter 8? 
 uifiana defcribed, p. $6. The French Settle- 
 ments there, deftrudive of our Intersil 66 
 
 Merit,
 
 INDEX 
 
 M. 
 
 Page 
 
 'Merit, ought to be the only Recommendation to 
 
 Publick- Employments 120 
 
 Mifjifjippi, fatal Confequences of the French fet- 
 
 ling Colonies thereon, f. 27. Firft Difcovery 
 
 of that River, Ibid. Fate of feveral Adven- 
 
 turers, 33. Its particular Defcripti on, 38. O- 
 
 ther Rivers that mix with its Scream 40 
 
 JMufcovy, that Trade Beneficial to England 3 
 
 \ 
 
 N. 
 
 , and New-England, their Governments 
 
 64 
 
 Nicholfon, Gen. Recovers Port-Royal, p. 49. His 
 
 Conduct 5 1 
 
 North Britain, Reafon for encouraging their Ma- 
 
 nufactories 125 
 
 The Grievances they labour under at prefent 
 
 132 
 
 f&wt-Scotia, the only Barrier of our Plantati- 
 ons 47 
 
 P. 
 
 Parliament, Britijh, Advice to them 144 
 
 PEERAGE- BiS, tor v/hom calculated 1 19 
 
 Port-Royal, quitted by the Earl of Sterlineto the 
 
 French, 48. Retaken by Col. Sedgeiuick, 49; 
 
 Re-delivered to the French, Ibid. Re-taken by 
 
 the Engtifh, Ibid. 
 pYQtefiant-Succejfion, in danger 138 
 
 Rafa'&b
 
 I N D E X 
 
 R. 
 
 Pag* 
 
 Raleigh, Sir Walter 9 his Plantation of Virginia 
 
 64,66 
 Regent of France, his Conduft examined 21, 83 
 
 R W A E% removed 1 05? 
 
 PJfperda, Duke of, Motives of his Difgrace 177 
 
 his Character 1 79 
 
 S. 
 
 SaEe> Monfieur de la, his Difcoveries in America 
 
 28, 3i> 36,41 
 
 Shute, Governor, his Condud 52 
 
 Smart, Capt. his Expedition 5 2, 
 
 ,$, Adv. Gen. his ill Treatment 53, 7^ 
 
 His Letter to the Lords of the Admiralty 77 
 Soto Hemandes a t his fruitlefs Expedition againft 
 Florida 27 
 
 Spain, more our Friend than France 98 
 
 Stock- Jobbing, a merry Obfervation on that Sci- 
 ence 93 
 Suc&ffvr to the Crown, injured, by Courtiers beg- 
 ging the Rcverfion of Publick Pofls 114 
 
 T 
 * 
 
 s 
 
 Temple, Sir William, his Account of the Britons 
 
 61 
 
 Ihemi (lodes, a remarkable faying of his 62 
 
 Trade, Reflections on our Commerce with Spain 
 and Mufcwj, p. 5. in danger of being deftroy- 
 ed in the Weft Indies by the French 13 
 
 True Reafon of its Decay 107 
 
 , Trade, fupplamed therein by the French 
 
 123 
 Vrginia,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 v. 
 
 Page 
 
 Virginia, poflefled by Order of Queen Elizabeth 
 
 64, 71 
 
 UNION, intitles the Scots and Englifi to equal 
 Privileges j 3 3 
 
 W. 
 
 JF^-/tf<foi-Cotnpany, French, their Charter or 
 Arret 69 
 
 JJ700$?-Manufafture, Caufes of the Decay of 
 that Trade, />.pS. Compared with other Home 
 Manufactures joa 
 
 Wren, Sir Chriftopher, removed i ioi 
 
 ME.
 
 A CATALOGUE of BOOKS 
 
 printed for H.CURLL ; ovcr-againft 
 Catherine-Street in the Strand. 
 
 DIVINITY. 
 
 T. ~Tr"\ tfliop BULL'S Vindication of the Church of England, from the 
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 *' ruial of it, will efteem it a Performance worthy the Author whole Name 
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 and Corruptions of Man's Nature fince the FaU. Written by the Ever-me- 
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 A
 
 (2) 
 
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 XII. Thfl<
 
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 A \
 
 (4) 
 
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 ( " 3 
 
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 (I?) 
 
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 and
 
 (145 
 
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 (IJ) 
 
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