GIFT OF ADELLE MASSON UNIVERSITY FARM #'KUM Ofh'lUfcJ CONGRESSMAN A- M. FREE 8th DIBT, QAUJPOEIU STATUE OF COMTE DE ROCHAMBEAU From the Southeast MONUMENT OF ROCHAMBEAU From the southeast ROCHAMBEAU A COMMEMORATION by the CONGRESS of the UNITED STATES OF AMERICA of the SERVICES of the FRENCH AUXILIARY FORCES in tne WAR OF INDEPENDENCE Prepared by authority of Congress under direction of the Joint Committee on the Library By DEB. RANDOLPH KEIM Life Member of the Pennsylvania Historical Society "I join to this letter a copy of my instructions and even of my secret instructions also, as I do not choose to have any secrets with my general." (Letter Count de Rochambeau to General Wash ington upon the arrival of the French Allies at Newport, R.I.) WASHINGTON : : GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : : 1907 n AUTHORITY TO PRINT [Fifty-eighth Congress, first session.] 1903, NOVEMBER n. Mr. WETMORE, of Rhode Island, submitted to the Senate a concurrent resolution for printing and binding the proceed ings upon the unveiling of the statue of the Count DE ROCHAMBEAU, which was referred to the Committee on Printing. [Fifty-eighth Congress, second session.] 1903, DECEMBER 4. Mr. Pi,ATT, of New York, reported the concurrent resolution favorably with amendments. The amendments were agreed to and the concurrent resolution as amended was agreed to. 1904, JANUARY 26. Mr. CHARGES B. LANDIS, of Indiana, from the House Committee on Printing, reported the concurrent resolution. The concurrent resolution as amended was' agreed to. 1904, FEBRUARY 2. The PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE laid before the Sen ate the amendments of the House of Representatives to Senate Con current Resolution No. 4 * * * so as to make the concurrent resolution read: Resolved by the Senate (the House of Representatives concurring}, That there be printed, and bound in the form such as is customary in the case of eulogies, with accompanying illustrations, ten thousand copies of the proceedings upon the unveiling of the statue of the Count DE ROCHAMBEAU, of which two thousand shall be for the use of the Senate, seven thousand for the use of the Hoxise of Representatives, five hundred to be delivered to the ambassador of the Republic of France, for such distribution as he shall think fit, the remaining five hundred of which two hundred shall be bound in full Morocco, to be distributed, under the direction of the Chairman of the Joint Committee on the library, to the guests invited from the French Republic and the speakers who took part in said celebration. Mr. PLATT moved concurrence in the amendments of the House of Representatives. The motion was agreed to. [Fifty-ninth Congress, first session.] 1905, DECEMBER 13. Mr. WETMORE, of Rhode Island, submitted to the Senate the following concurrent resolution : Resolved by the Senate (the+House of Representatives concurring}, That the concurrent resolution passed February 2, 1904, providing for the publication of the proceedings on the occasion of the unveiling of the ROCHAMBEAU statue is hereby continued in force and excepted from the limitation of one year as provided in section 80 of the act of January 12, 1895, providing for the public printing and binding and the distribution of public documents. 1906, JANUARY 25. Mr. PI-}~t "raraiol srf} ni vo^ 8 w 90 ^cf /: 381JJOO .HKiiboaiW nr loorfoH -.'ilgnei : iioiiingoo3i iaarfgirf srfj v; -jrfi 1881 ni :iM lo lojonbnoo jinjt liinn --.iri ,oJBifnfiM is looriog jiJaui buJoubnoo 3rf g ;rr bn ,^>iv. .83i&r to ^.tootf^. :j ^(f boJaattB 8BW aiiow a BW aH .noiJBiooA lr,itoiJ/oirb;I BloaanniM arfj lo Jnabiaaiq naaorlo ^BT? 3d 1981 sbiw aiH .miai ignibssoona HOBS iol briB aasisnoO biirfi-^JliH 3rfJ oj lo insi inoil srtt ntirt TO! no-// afiri aiifi^B YiBinsniBiliBq ni gonaitgqxs MEMBERS OF THE CONGRESSIONAL COMMISSION JOHN HAY ELIHU ROOT Secretary of State Secretary of War GEORGE PEABODY WETMORE, of Rhode Island JAMES T. MCCLEARY, of Minnesota U. S. Senate House of Representatives Chairmen of the Committees on the Library. JOHN HAY, a native of Salem, Ind., born 1838, received his graduate education at Brown University, Providence, R. I., and acquired his knowledge of law at Springfield, 111. ; immediately after he came to Washington as assistant secretary to President I^in- coln. He was commissioned in the Army and detailed as adjutant and aid-de-camp. Upon the installation of Andrew Johnson he was made secretary of legation to France, He was transferred as secretary of legation to Austria-Hungary, where he acted as charg^ d'affaires. In June, 1869, he was, sent to Spain as secretary of legation. The following year he left the diplomatic service and became an editorial writer on the New York Tribune. In November, 1879, he became Assistant Secretary of State, but retired May 3, 1881. On March 9, 1897, President McKinley appointed him ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary to Great Britain, from which he retired September 19, 1898. The next day he was appointed Secretary of State and was invited by Presi dent Roosevelt (1901) to continue in that office. EUHU ROOT, born in Clinton, Oneida County, N. Y., in 1845, graduated from Hamilton College in 1864. After a short term as an educator at Rome young Root two years later graduated with high honors from the University of I^aw of the City of New York. He was immediately admitted to the bar and began the practice of law in the great metrop olis. His first great opportunity was as United States attorney for the southern dis trict of New York. In this field he labored with great advantage to the Government until the summer of 1885, when he returned to the practice of his profession. He was a delegate at large to the State constitutional convention of 1894, being chairman of the judiciary committee; was a member of the Alaskan Boundary Commission, Sec retary of War, August i, 1899, retired January 31, 1904; Secretary of State, July 7, 1905. GEORGE PEABODY WETMORE, whose resident city is Newport, the headquarters for nearly a year of the French auxiliary army in the States, was born in I,ondon, England, in 1846, during a visit of his parents abroad. His education was American, graduating at Yale in 1867 and in the profession of law at Columbia College in 1869, in the former receiving the degrees of A. B. and A. M. and in the latter 1,1,. B. He was admitted to the bar of Rhode Island and New York the same year. His knowledge of affairs early placed him in many positions of high responsibility, among them trustee of the Peabody Museum of Natural History in Yale University and of the Pea body Educational Fund. His career in national Republican politics began in 1880 as first Presidential elector of Rhode Island, which was repeated in 1884. He was member of the committee authorized by the general assembly to receive the representatives of France during their visit to Rhode Island in 1881, the centennial of Yorktown. In State affairs he was governor 1885-1887. His choice to the Senate of the United States in 1894 was by a unanimous vote. In 1900 he was again chosen. JAMES THOMPSON McCI,EARY, Representative in Congress from the Second district of Minnesota, a constituency comprising n counties, with a population of 175,174 inhabitants, was born in Ontario, Dominion of Canada, in 1853. He received his education at his native town, graduating with honors at the high school, and took a course of higher learning at the McGill University, Montreal, where he again received the highest recognition of scholarship. For some years he taught school in Wisconsin, resigning in 1881 the superintendency of the Pierce County schools to become State institute conductor of Minnesota and professor of history and civics in the State Normal School at Mankato, his present residence, until June, 1892. During the sum mer vacations he conducted institutes in Wisconsin, Dakota, Virginia, Tennessee, and Colorado. In 1888 he published studies in civics, and in 1894 a Manual of Civics. The value of these works was attested by their use in the best schools of the United States. In 1891 he was chosen president of the Minnesota Educational Association. He was elected to the Fifty-third Congress and for each succeeding term. His wide learning and experience in parliamentary affairs has won for him the front rank of national legislators. DN'EIMHU ROOT: SEC.OFWAR A A ROMANCE IN LEGISLATION The idea of erecting a statue of ROCHAMBKAU at the Ameri can capital in commemoration of the timely aid rendered by France to the American States struggling for independence grew out of a visit by M. Jules Bceufve, chancellor of the French embassy at Washington, to the Marquise de Rocham- beau at her country seat near Vendome, the birthplace of the French general of the American Revolution. It occurred to him there were six or seven statues in the United States of Marquis de Lafayette, which personified the part taken in the movement to free the American colonies by himself as an individual, and by other liberty-loving French noblemen also as individuals. On the other hand, ROCHAMBKAU, commander in chief of the French auxiliary army, typifying the official intervention of the King, representing the Government of France, which assured the success of the conflict, was without any testimony whatever. Therefore, upon returning to Paris, M. Bceufve had an inter view with General Porter, the American ambassador, who was present and delivered an address at the dedication of the original statue of Count DK ROCHAMBKAU at Vendome. On October 3, the ambassador wrote to Mr. Cannon, chairman of the House Committee oil Appropriations, favoring the project. The untir ing efforts of M. Bceufve, upon -resuming his duties at Washing ton, took shape, through the cooperation of friends in and out ofCongress, and the potential efforts of M. Jules Cambon, the ambassador of France. 15 1 6 A Romance in Legislation The lead in the Congressional proceedings and enactments was taken by Representative James T. MeCleary, of Minnesota, in the House, and Senator George Peabody Wetmore, of Rhode Island, in the Senate, respectively chairmen of the committees on the Library. To the favorable attention of these gentlemen the subject in all its details was brought by M. Bceufve. BILI, To PURCHASE On February 18, 1901, Mr. McCleary introduced in the House a bill for the purchase of a " replica of the bronze statue of ROCHAMBKAU, by Fernand Hamar, and pedestal, for $7,500," which was referred to the Committee 011 the Library. Two days later Mr. McCleary, from that committee, reported the same without amendment, accomp'anied by a report. .ROCHAMBKAU IN PARLIAMENTARY PHRASE In his report Mr. McCleary paid the following tribute to the subject of commemoration : [House Report No. 2928, Fifty- sixth Congress, second session.] The Committee on the Library, to whom was referred the bill (H. R. 14217) for the purchase of a bronze replica of the Vendome statue of General ROCHAMBKAU, beg leave to submit the following report and recommend that said bill do pass: This is a bill enacting that $7,500 be appropriated to be expended under the direction of the Joint Committee on the Library in the purchase of a replica of the bronze statue by Ferdinand Hamar, lately erected at Ven dome, France, of JEAN BAPTISTS DONATIEN, Comte r>E ROCHAMBEAU, who commanded the forces sent by Louis XVI of France to the assistance of this country during our war for Independence. The subject of this statue, which it is proposed, at an insignificant cost, to add to the historical art treasures of the capital, was a great and noble man. His deeds deserve to be remembered by all generations of our countrymen, and his heroic personality ever recalled to us and our children forever in enduring bronze; for to him and his military ability, as well as to the brave and willing sons of France he commanded, in an impor tant degree, we owe the fact of our independence as a nation and t^ie institutions and liberties which have come down to us from the Revolu tion a glorious heritage. A Romance in Legislation 17 In his oration at the unveiling of Bartlett's statue of Lafayette in the court of the Tuileries Gardens on the Fourth of July, 1900, Archbishop Ireland, of St. Paul, said: " 'It was the participation of France in the war of Independence which rendered liberty possible in America in the eighteenth century.' Such is the verdict of history as expressed by the learned historian of Lafayette, the Hon. Charlemagne Tower, our present ambassador at the Court of St. Petersburg. The colonies were determined to become free; their spirit of sacrifice was so burning, their methods were so practical, that sooner or later their independence would have been conquered; but that they should have gained their independence in the war begun in 1776 without the assistance of France we can not believe." With a depleted treasury and with his annual budgets showing increasing deficits, King Louis XVI nevertheless found means to supply the Conti nental Congress with money and with arms, ammunition, troops, and war ships with which to carry on the struggle. His young nobility, stirred by the example of the heroic Marquis de Lafayette, flocked to our stand ard. Without depreciating in the smallest degree the sources or the fame of others, it may be truthfully said that among all the benefits showered upon us by that virtuous and worthy but unfortunate prince, none was more important, none more conducive to the final victory, than his personal gift of the brave, tried, and distinguished soldier the Comte DE ROCHAMBEAU. Here we can only with extreme brevity recall hfc career and his splendid achievements in behalf of American liberty: JEAN BAPTISTS DONATIEN DE VIMEUR, Comte DE ROCHAMBEAU, was born in 1725. He was intended for the church, but preferred to follow in the footsteps of his father, and therefore he adopted the military profession, entering the French army in 1742. After thirty -eight years of varied and arduous service, in March, 1780, he reached the grade of lieutenant-general and, in the same year, was assigned to command the expedition in aid of the colonies. With 6,000 troops, which were followed by reenforcements, he sailed from Brest in May, 1780, landing at Newport, R. I., in July. With great skill and address Comte DE ROCHAMBEAU thwarted a con templated attack upon Newport by the British commanders Clinton and Arbuthnot. In September, 1780, he held a conference with General Wash ington, and proposed to the latter a plan of campaign for the ensuing summer. Circumstances interposed to change the character and objec tive of their joint operations, but under a wise dispensation of Providence they were able to cooperate in 1781, and in that year to conduct to a suc cessful issue the decisive campaign of the war. The operations of the British in the Carolinas and Virginia had been proceeding with varying fortune under Lord Cornwallis, when his superior, S. Doc. 537, 59-1 -2 1 8 A Romance in Legislation General Clinton, fearing an attack upon New York by the allied forces, ordered him to detach 3,000 men to that place, and to seek and fortify a defensible position and hold it with the 7,000 left him. Cornwallis there upon established himself at Yorktown. Washington was at Dobbs Ferry planning a campaign against Clinton at New York when the happy news reached him that Comte de Grasse, in command of the French West Indian fleet, who had been urged to hasten to our aid by Comte DE ROCHAMBEAU, was prepared to cooperate. The objective of our operations was immediately changed. ROCHAM BEAU hurried to join Washington at Dobbs Ferry, where he arrived July 6, 1781, and then the two great comrades in arms began that series of stra tegical and tactical movements which has rilled students of military science with admiration ever since. By a number of feints, cleverly planned and executed, Clinton was made certain that he was to be attacked, and assembled all his forces and resources for the contest. While he was held perfectly in play the allies passed from the west bank of the Hudson into New Jersey and began their historic march to Virginia. When the allied armies had reached Chester, Pa., on September 5, Washington learned th#t De Grasse, with his ships and troops, had entered the Chesapeake. , Three days later Washington, ROCHAMBEAU, and the Marquis de Chas- tellux started from Baltimore for a two days' visit to Mount Vernon, which the Father of his Country had not seen for six years. On the 25th of September the last division of the allied forces reached Williamsburg, 12 miles distant from Yorktown, and advanced in force upon Lord Corn wallis on the 28th, under Washington and ROCHAMBEAU, the French fleet meantime covering the British position from York River. By the 3oth the investment was complete. From all sides the siege was pressed with vigor and friendly emulation by the allies. Help failing him, the desper ate efforts at sortie proving disastrous, and an epidemic breaking out in his camp prostrating 2,000 of his troops, the British general was in despair. After a terrible cannonade from the American and French lines on the afternoon and night of October 9 and the morning of October 10, his position became no longer tenable. Satisfied that neither squadrons nor any other reenforcements were coming to his rescue, Lord Cornwallis capitulated on October 18. The surrender included 7,000 British regulars, 2,000 sailors and marines, 1,500 Tories, and a large number of negroes. The French contingent partici pating in the victory consisted of 7,000 troops under Comte DE ROCHAM BEAU and 37 ships under Comte de Grasse. The American force with Washington aggregated 9,000 men, of which 5,500 were regulars. After the triumph of the allied arms at Yorktown, Comte DE ROCHAMBEAU went to the South to assist GeneraJ Greene in the.Carolinas. His service ended in America, he sailed for France in January, 1783, the year of the A Romance in Legislation 19 peace. He received the thanks of Congress, and after his return to- his native country was honored with the baton of field marshal. Under the revolution Comte DE ROCHAMBEAU commanded the Army of the North for some time, but, being suspected of disloyalty, was re moved. He disproved the charges against him before the legislative assem bly, but did not rejoin the army. He was arrested under Rqbespierre, and but for the timely death of that leader, in the reign of terror, would have been executed as' an aristocrat. He was released'and spent the even ing of his days in peace. In 1805 Napoleon I conferred upon him the grand cross of the Legion of Honor. He died at Thore, in France, in 1807, full of years and honor. The record shows that while this important, perhaps vitally important, contributor to our independence and to the foundations of our national greatness and prosperity did much for us, this country has done little for him or for his memory. For himself the hero is past the praise or blame of man: "The good knight is dust, and his good sword is rust." But for his memory, which should be ever sweet and dear to the people of America, we can do the little contemplated in the bill which has been introduced. PASSAGE IN BOTH HOUSES The item incorporated in the sundry civil bill, having passed in the House, through the interest of Mr. Wetmore was agreed to in the Senate, and approved March 3, 1901. CONTRACT FOR THE STATUE The Joint Committee on the Library, on April 30,. 1901, entered into a contract with M. Jules Bceufve for furnishing and delivering the pedestal and statue. COMTE DE ROCHAMBEAU'S APPRECIATION Count de Rochambeau, in reply to a notification of the action of the two Houses of the American Congress, sent the following: It is with great pleasure that I heard of the vote of Congress. I thanked General Porter in the name of the Rochambeaus, and asked him to con vey to the members of the American Parliament the expression of our gratitude. Would it be indiscreet, sir, to beg you to fulfill the same request? 2o A Romance in Legislation M. CAMBON TO MR. M'CLEARY In a communication of May 17, 1901, to Mr. McCleary, the French ambassador expressed his appreciation of "his kind initiative" in "having Congress provide for the purchase of a replica'of the statue of ROCHAMBKAU, to be erected in Wash ington," and his "earnest wish that this statue might be dedi cated in the spring of 1902." On the 22d ensuing Mr. McCleary acknowledged the kind observations of the ambassador, and mentioned the pleasure it afforded him to bring the matter to the attention of the Com mittee on Appropriations. SCULPTOR'S SUGGESTIONS M. Cambon, the French ambassador, and M. Boeufve, during the summer had had frequent interviews with M. Fernand Hamar, the sculptor, in Paris, and in the autumn with members of the ROCHAMBEAU Commission in Washington. It was found advisable to recommend the enlargement of the ROCHAMBEAU monument, so as to make it correspond in height with that of Lafayette in the same park, adding: The very simple pedestal of the ROCHAMBEAU statue in Vendome (the Marshal's birthplace, being a small town of but 5,000 inhabitants) would be altogether out of place in a capital of Washington's beauty and importance. It was therefore proposed to make the new pedestal of dimen sions similar to those of the pedestal supporting the Lafayette monument, and particularly to embrace the entire conception of the sculptor, to include a pedestal bearing the harmonious alle gorical group in bronze, a woman holding aloft the standard of France,, her feet resting on the prow of a ship at the moment of touching the shores of America, typical of the succor brought across the sea in aid of the struggling States, and other relevant features, including the American eagle, the shield of the States, and the arms of the Bourbons and ROCHAMBEAU. the Mis kind ' ; : ,<-nest wi- g of 1902." suing Mr. ;\ .lie ambassa- e pleasn g the m; Attention of the Com- iations. M. JULES BCEUFVE M . Chancellor of the French embassy at Washington M. JULES BCETTFVE, born in Liverpool, England, September 8, 1857, where his father was French vice-consul, was educated in Germany. He entered the French consular service in 1878 at Frankfort on the Main ; was transferred to lyisbon, and sent to Wash ington in 1882 as secretary of the French and American claims commission. In 1884 he was appointed vice-consul at New Orleans, and in 1886 was transferred to Washing ton as chancellor of the French embassy. He is perfect master of the American tongue and has a wide acquaintance with men and affairs. "p - (>!c pefU^'. . . . ... : out ol * };. . fore pro J.KV. - tr to those oi -ing the Lafayette and particu* option of to include alle- :p in brtm/e. , .uidard of feet restitij^ te shores of A LypicaJ :>e sea in air. including the .* s of the ; A Romance in Legislation 21 PEDESTAL ELABORATED CONGRESSIONAL COMMISSION ' In order to carry out this plan Mr. McCleary, through the regular channels of the War and Treasury Departments, requested certain estimates, which took the form of an appropriation of $15,000 for the "preparation of a site and the erection of a pedestal" under the "supervision of the Secretary of State, the Secretary of War, and the chairmen of the committees on the Library of the Fifty-seventh Congress ' ' and also ' ' to defray the expenses attending the unveiling of the said statue," which was made an item in the urgent deficiency bill then under consideration in the House. Having passed in that body it received the special attention in the Senate of the chairman of the Committee on the Library, Mr. Wetmore, and was approved February 14, 1902. THE STATUE COMMISSION Referring to the ' ' desire of the French ambassador and of all concerned ' ' to have the statue dedicated in Washington on Sat urday, May 24, 1902, the fact was brought out that the occa sion would commemorate the anniversary of the day on which the Marshal, at the age of 17, entered the French army as a "cornette" in the cavalry regiment of St. Simon. It was also mentioned that the Marquise de Rochambeau with her late husband were the guests of the American Government during the Yorktown centennial ceremonies of 1 88 1 , and remem bered with the greatest pleasure the enthusiastic reception accorded the delegates which France sent on that occasion to the United States. GOVERNMENT AND PEOPLE OF FRANCE AND FAMILIES" OF ROCHAMBEAU AND LAFAYETTE INVITED The Marquise was also desirous her sons should participate in the unveiling of the statue of their ancestor in Washington. It was further intimated that the departments of foreign affairs, war, and navy were disposed to send officers of high rank to represent the French Government officially, and the French ambassador's intention was to request that a man-of- war be ordered to the United States for the purpose of detail ing detachment of French sailors and marines to take part in the ceremonies. In this aspect of the subject, Mr. Robert R. Hitt, of Illinois, chairman of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, introduced in . the House of Representatives on March 7, 1902, a joint resolu tion, which was referred to the Committee on Appropriations, 23 24 The Statue Commission 1 ' authorizing and requesting the President to extend to the Government and people of France and the family of General DK ROCHAMBEAU" an invitation to join the Government and people of the United States in the dedication of the monument of General DE ROCHAMBEAU to be unveiled in the city of Washington. This was amended to include the family of Marquis de Lafayette. The resolution, carrying an appropriation of $ 10,000, passed both Houses and was approved March 21, 1902. The French Government, recognizing the international phase of a commemoration of the aid rendered in freeing the North American colonies from the sovereignty of Great Britain, in reply to the invitation of the President made prompt acceptance of the invitation and benefited by the occasion, to designate one of the best types of ships of the French navy and repre sentative officers of the army and navy, and of diplomacy, letters, and arts to participate in the ceremonies. During these proceedings in Congress and the interchange of international correspondence of invitation and acceptance, the Commission were engaged in carrying out the duties imposed upon them by the provisions of the act of February 14, 1902. COMTE DE ROCHAMBEAU ON THE PLANS When the Count de Rochambeau was informed of the nature of the plans for the statue, he replied: You (M. BcEUFVE) are a thousand times kind to think, in the midst of your occupations, of sending me these most interesting articles concerning the project of the ROCHAMBEAU statue, and I thank you in my name and in the name of my mother, the Marquise de Rochambeau. We have all been happy over the success of your efforts, because if the Marshal will be represented in the capital of the United States it is surely to you that we shall owe it. May his statue recall, some day or other, to the American people that across the ocean another people exists which reached out to them a helpful hand in a moment of danger. I have written tohis excellency Monsieur Cambon to thank him for having given the project his assistance, and, as I have already told you, I have asked General Porter to convey to Congress our most heartfelt sentiments of gratitude. The Statue Commission 25 Our young sculptor is at work . He is studying his pedestal and will soon , I believe, begin his model, unless it is already done, because I have not seen him these last few days. I believe his conception will be beautiful, and will produce an excellent effect. Please, sir, believe in my warm gratitude for what you are doing and have already done for the glory of our name, and accept the assurance of my most distinguished sentiments. AMBASSADOR PORTER'S VIEWS The American ambassador at Paris, in a letter to the same person, referring to the excellent relations established by the erection of monuments of this international character, said: The pedestal which M. Hamar has prepared for the statue in Washing ton is very artistic and appropriate. I examined the marquette with great interest. I am sure, from previous experience in inaugurating our several inter national monuments, that much is accomplished thereby in drawing still closer the sympathies which happily exist between our sister Republics. There is a great deal of interest manifested in France in the project, in relation to which you have labored so zealously and successfully. SITE SELECTED AND PEDESTAL COMMENCED On April 2, at a meeting of the ROCHAMBEAU Commission, called by the Secretary of State, consisting of John Hay, Secre tary of State ; Klihu Root, Secretary of War ; George Peabody Wetmore, of Rhode Island, chairman of the Committee on the Library of the Senate, and James T. McCleary, of Min nesota, chairman of the House Committee on the Library, formal action was taken on the selection of the southwestern corner of Lafayette square as the most suitable location for the monument. * It was decided that Colonel Bingham should proceed with the preparation of a site at the southwest corner of Lafayette square, to be arranged in a manner similar to the site occupied by the statue of Lafayette at the southeast corner of the same square. The invitations extended to the Government and people of France, and to the families of Marquis de Rochambeau and 26 The Statue Commission Marquis de L,afayette, to attend the ceremonies to be held in connection with the unveiling of the statue on May 24, 1902, were read and placed on record. ORDER OF CEREMONIES DETERMINED The programme determined upon by the Commission was as follows: The unveiling of the statue to take place at n a. m., May 24, 1902. A battalion of French seamen with their band, a battalion of United States engineers, and a battalion of United States marines and sailors, with the Marine Band ,> to be present at the unveiling. After the ceremony these troops, together with a battalion of cavalry, a battalion of field artillery, and a brigade of the Dis trict of Columbia militia to pass in review before the President. Maj. Gen. S. B. M. Young, U. S. Army to be in command of the troops. The order of exercises for the unveiling to be as follows: 1. Invocation by Cardinal Gibbons. 2. Welcome by the President of the United States. 3. Unveiling of the statue by the Countess de Rochambeau. Music: "The Marseillaise," by the Marine Band. 4. Presentation of the sculptor, M. Hamar. 5. Remarks by the French ambassador. 6. Selection by the French band. 7. Remarks by Gen. Horace Porter, United States ambassador to France. 8. Selections by the Marine Band. 9. Address by Senator L,odge. 10. " Star Spangled Banner," by the French band. 1 1. Remarks by General Brugere. 12. Benediction by Bishop Satterlee. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE PROCEEDINGS A meeting of the executive committee in charge of the details was held in the office of the Third Assistant Secretary of State on April 3, 1902, at 10 o'clock. Present: Mr. Herbert H. D. Peirce, chairman; Col. Theodore A. Bingham, Commander Raymond P. Rodgers. The Statue Commission 27 After completing their organization, the minutes of the. meet ing called by the Secretary of State on April 2 were read, and ^arrangements perfected to push the work with all possible rapfdity. M. Boeufve was in consultation with the committee. After deciding that nothing would be done in regard to the reception of the invited guests until a definite reply was received to the invitations which had been issued, the committee ad journed at 10.50 o'clock subject to the call of the chairman. The next day the Secretary of State requested the Secretary of War to order Col. T. A. Bingham, U. S. Army, Engineer of Public Buildings and Grounds, to cause a suitable foundation for the pedestal of the statue of ROCHAM- BEAU to be constructed on * * * the site selected * * * and to cause the erection of the pedestal for the statue and to perform such other acts as may be necessary in connection therewith * * * It was so ordered. Advertisements and specifications were issued the day after, asking sealed proposals for materials for the foundation, receiv able until 2 p. m., April 10, 1902, and to be delivered by the successful bidder for use between April 10 and 30 in quantities and at times called for. A number of responses were received and later the necessary permits were granted to occupy the surrounding ground for material and proceed with the work. On April 3, Colonel Bingham, by direction of the Statue Com mission, was designated disbursing officer of the appropriation provided by the act. ADMITTED FREE OF DUTY On April 17, 1902, Mr. Sereno E. Payne, of New York, in troduced in the House of Representatives a joint resolution ' ' authorizing the entry free of duty of a replica of the bronze statue of ROCHAMBEAU, by Fernand Hamar, and pedestal for the same," which was passed and approved April 29, 1902. The amount of duty remitted was about $3,500, that being a stipulation of the contract. On April 19 the necessary permits required by the build ing regulations to occupy the sidewalks on Jackson place and 28 The Statue Commission Pennsylvania avenue for the construction of stands during the unveiling ceremonies and closing Jackson place to traffic for a few hours 011 the day of unveiling were issued. On a request from the Secretary of State to Mr. Joseph G. Cannon, chairman of the Committee on Appropriations, "for an additional appropriation of $10,000 on account of the dedi cation of the statue of ROCHAMBKAU," Mr. James A. Hem- enway, of Indiana, on May 5, 1902, from the Committee on Appropriations, introduced a joint resolution carrying that sum for the purpose set forth, which was passed, concurred in by the Senate, and approved May 15, 1902. STATUE PAID 'FOR On May 20, 1902, M. Jules Bceufve, chancellor of the French embassy, handed to the Department of the Treasury, at Washington, the voucher under which the sum of $7,500 was paid, reciting "in payment for the replica of the bronze statue of ROCHAMBKAU, by Fernand Hamar, as authorized by the Joint Committee of the Library of Congress under the act of March 3, 1901." With these preliminary arrangements the work proceeded rapidly. On the day set apart for the ceremonies the pedestal and .statue were in place, the latter veiled in flags of the two Repub-> lies. The stands for the accommodation of the distinguished assemblage were ready for use and appropriately decorated. REPORT TO CONGRESS MONUMENT AWAITS UNVEIUNG The President pro tempore on May 21, 1902, presented the following letter to the Senate: WASHINGTON, May 77, 1902. SIR: The undersigned, to whom was committed, by the act of Congress approved February 14, 1902, the selection of a site and the supervision of the erection thereon of a statue of Marshal DE ROCHAMBEAU, commander in chitf of the French forces in America during the war of Independence, and of the unveiling of said statue, respectfully report that they have dis charged the duty imposed upon them; that the site selected is the south west corner of Lafayette square, where the pedestal has been erected, and that on the 24th day of May, instant, at n o'clock a. m., the statue of The Statue Commission 29 Marshal DE ROCHAMBEAU will be unveiled with appropriate ceremonial, Senator Henry C. Lodge delivering the address. Seats have been reserved for the Senators and Representatives in Congress. We remain, sir, very respectfully, yours, JOHN HAY Secretary of State EUHU ROOT Secretary of War GEO. PEABODY WETMORE Chairman Committee on the Library, Senate J. T. McCXEARY Chairman Committee on the Library, House Hon. WILLIAM P. FRYE President pro tempore, United States Senate Accompanying this letter was a copy of the order of exer cises arranged by the Congressional Commission. On the same day the report in the same terms was submitted to the House. COMMISSION CONCLUDES ITS OFFICIAL DUTIES The Commission, under the act of February 14, 1902, held a meeting on July 2, 1902, for the purpose of passing upon the accounts of Col. Theodore A. Bingham, U. S. Army, disburs ing officer under the appropriation of $15,000 provided for by the said act. Present: Mr. Hay, Secretary of State; Mr. Wetmore, chair man of the Committee on the Library, Senate; Mr. McCleary, chairman of the Committee on the Library, House of Repre sentatives. The accounts were approved. The Commission then took up the final settlement for the pedestal and statue under the act of February 14, 1902, which reads as follows: That any part of this sum not required for preparation of the site and' erection of said pedestal and for the expense attending the unveiling of said statue may be used and expended for the completion of said statue and pedestal. The chairman of the Committee on the Library of the House of Representatives, Mr. James T. McCleary, said that this 30 The Statue Commission proviso was specifically inserted and agreed to by the Commit tee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives to pro vide and pay for the additional expense incurred over and above the price stipulated in the contract of purchase of said statue and pedestal, dated April 30, 1901, in enlarging this statue beyond the original statue inaugurated in Vendome (France) on June 4, 1900, in order to adapt it to the site on Lafayette square Washington, D. C., and make it in keeping, as a companion piece, with the monument of Lafayette, already situated in the same park; in designing and executing a larger and more suitable pedestal;' also in designing and executing on the front of said pedestal the bronze allegorical figure which was necessary to suit this replica of the original statue to its purpose in the United States. to ditto lo i3ilBV3riD oi x 1Bi;rtB l ' i.ia .M j rtt ,873imjsI JB ,sg8i ntoS . fitu ci i' rtooo ; ,^8i aeinoloo gii 'T srfj lo iool -i xio 1 ^ lo A lo lioni/oo p8i ns lo I ited in the riginal - n Jin . with tl, the sail ore suitable >nt of said xsary to M - DELCASSE (Th,phil e ) : 1 the Ull 3 Minuter of Foreign Affairs Born 1852, at Pamiers, in the Department of Ariege, in the south of France, at the foot of the Pyrenees, 12 miles north of Foix. Licentiate of letters; chevalier of the L/egion of Honor, 1887; counselor-general of Ariege, Canton of Viedessos, August, 1888; deputy of Foix in 1889, reelected in 1893, 1898, 1902; August 22, 1894, president of the general council of Ariege; under secretary of state for the colonies from January to December 3, 1893; minister of the colonies May 30, 1894, to January 26, 1895; minister of foreign affairs, June 28, 1898, to June 6, 1905. INTERNATIONAL CORRESPONDENCE In compliance with a joint resolution of Congress of March 21, 1902, on the 2yth ensuing, the President of the United States transmitted, through John Hay, Secretary of State, to Horace Porter, ambassador of the United States to France, to be handed to the President of France in person, the following autograph letter:' LETTER OF PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT Theodore Roosevelt, President of the United States of America, to His Excellency, Entile Lonbet, President of the Republic of France GREAT AND GOOD FRIEND: I have the honor to inform you that the Congress of the United States has adopted a concurrent resolution, authorizing and directing me to address to the Government and people of France a cordial invitation to unite with the people and Government of the United States in order to proceed in a manner dignified and suitable to the inauguration of the monument of Marshal ROCHAMBEAU, in the city of Washington, the 24th day of the month of May, 1902. I find myself, in consequence, charged with the agreeable duty of transmitting this invitation to the Government and to the French people in the name of the Government and of the people of the United States. I am persuaded that Your Excellency will see in this act a new proof of the enduring gratitude of the Government and of the American people for the inestimable services of France during the war of our Revolution, and that this circumstance will serve again to renew more closely the ties \\ hicn since that period have united the two countries. I take this occasion to assure Your Excellency of the ardent wish that I entertain for your health and prosperity, also for the happiness and prosperity of the Government and French people. Written at Washington, the 2yth of March, 1902. Your Good Friend, THEODORE ROOSEVELT By the President JOHN HAY The Secretary of State 32 International Correspondence [Translation] IvETTRE DU PRESIDENT ROOSEVEI/T Theodore Roosevelt, President des Etats-Unis d'Amerique, a son Excel lence Emile Loubet, President de la Republique Fran$aise GRAND ET BON AMI: J'ai 1'honneur de vous informer que le Congres des Etats-Unis a adopte" une resolution conjointe m'autorisant et m'enga geant a adresser au Gouvernement et au peuple francais une invitation cordiale a s'unir au peuple et au Gouvernement des Etats-Unis en vue de proce"der, d'une faon digne et convenable, a 1' inauguration du monument du Marechal DE ROCHAMBEAU, dans la ville de Washington, le 24* jour du mois de mai 1902. Je me trouve, en consequence, charge" de l'agre"able devoir de transmettre cette invitation au Gouvernement et au peuple fran- ais, au nom du Gouvernement et du peuple des Etats-Unis. Je suis persuade que Votre Excellence verra dans cette demarche une nouvelle preuve de la gratitude persistante du Gouvernement et du peuple ame"ricains pour les services inappreciables de la France pendant la guerre de notre Revolution, et que cette circonstance servira a resserrer plus etroitement encore les liens qui, depuis cette epoque, ont uni les deux pays. Je saisis cette occasion pour assurer Votre Excellence des voeux ardents que je forme pour son bonheur et sa prosperite, ainsi que pour le bonheur et la prosperite du Gouvernement et du peuple francais. Fvcrit a Washington, le 27 mars 1902. Votre bon ami, THEODORE ROOSEVELT Par le President JOHN HAY Le Secretaire d> Etat PRESIDENT LOUBET 'S REPLY. The President of France replied to the invitation from the President of the United States as follows: Your Excellency has been pleased to inform me that, in virtue of a joint resolution of Congress, you have been charged to invite the French Gov ernment and people to join the Government and people of the United States in inaugurating, on the 24th of May next, the monument erected to the memory of Marshal DE ROCHAMBEAU. I gladly accept this invitation in the name of the Government of the Republic and in that of the entire French people. In fraternally taking part in this solemnity the American nation once more gives evidence of its remembrance of those French citizens who International Correspondence 33 shared its dangers and glory in its struggle for independence; it has, fur thermore, desired to confirm the friendship and draw still closer the bonds which since that most memorable period have united our two countries. France will hail this manifestation with deep emotion. In tendering you, in her name, her sincerest thanks, I beg you to accept, dear and great friend, the fervent wishes which I entertain for Your Excel lency's own happiness and for the prosperity of the United States of America. ROCHAMBEAU AND LAFAYETTE At the same time the Secretary of State transmitted under the same authority, through Ambassador Porter, a letter in the name of the President of the United States, extending to Count Rene de Rochambeau, for the family of "Count de Rocham- beau," a cordial invitation to unite with the Government and people of the United States in a fit and appropriate dedication of the monument of Marshal DE ROCHAMBEAU to be unveiled in the city of Washington on May 24, 1902. A similar letter with appropriate changes was sent at the same time to M. Gaston de Sahune de Lafayette. LOUBET ACCEPTS Having complied with the directions of the Secretary of State on April 16, Ambassador Porter cabled to Secretary Hay: France decides to send to Washington a general and admiral, with couple of aids each, two officers from foreign office who speak English, and a war ship. Count Rochambeau and M. de Sahune de Lafayette and wives will attend, arriving New York i8th (May). ROCHAMBEAU AND LAFAYETTE REPRESENTED With regard to the Lafayette family, M. Gaston de Sahune de Lafayette and his wife not being able to proceed to the United States, the invitation was accepted for M. Paul de Sahune de Lafayette, then living in the United States, who spoke English, and a brother of M. Gaston de Sahune de Lafayette. S. Doc. 537, 59-i 3 SITE The ground upon which the monument stands is the most eligibly situated within the limits of the American capital. It occupies the southwest angle of a park, on the corresponding corner of which on the east is the bronze effigy of another Frenchman, Lafayette, who did more than any other one man to secure the presence of ROCHAMBKAU and his French troops in America. On the same angles on the north it is proposed to erect the image in bronze of the brave Pulaski, the Pole, on the one hand, and of Steuben, the Prussian, the ' ' drillmaster " of the Continental Army, on the other. Thus, when the number shall be complete, have we gathered in scenic grouping, with the most picturesque surroundings of nature and art and within sight of the home of the Executive Authority of the Republic, the four typical men of our foreign friends in the desperate struggle. The park itself, named after the Frenchman, Lafayette, whom all Americans revere, is the finest in the city in location, adorn ment, and historic memories. On the south, upon which the figure of ROCHAMBEAU faces, extends the broad sweep of Penn sylvania avenue, planned for spectacular events of the Govern ment, with the White House beyond, seen in glimpses among beautiful trees of the choicest varieties and flanked on one side by the classic seat of the money power of the Government and on the other by the modern housing of the offices of State, War, and Navy. The memory of ROCHAMBEAU and of the officers and men associated with him in execution of the duty which they were .sent to perform, therefore finds in the location selected every thing to commend. 35 STATUE OF COMTE DE ROCHAMBEAU From the Southwest Fr< great a<' . from thr strea and ' and It compi f the commander in chief of the troops MONUMENT OF ROCHAMBEAU under From thesouthwest ur e is about 8 feet 8 inches ef, repr< 'he "Army of Liberty," a statue u :W a<> feet. IIIOIIUTIK- Laf . -)site aiu ; n arm? woi ' emblem;; the God STATUE OF COMTE DE ROCH. From the Southwest MONUMENT From its position the monument of ROCHAMBEAU shows to great advantage in three directions, and therefore is constantly from three points within the range of vision of the never-ending stream of human life passing to and fro between the eastern and western sections of the busiest quarters of the official and mercantile portions of the city. It comprises a statue of the commander in chief of the troops of Louis XVI, sent to assist the forces of the American States under General Washington. The figure is about 8 feet 8 inches in height, in high relief, representing the "Army of Liberty," a replica of the heioic statue unveiled at Vendome, France (the birthplace of the ROCHAMBEAU of American fame), June 4, 1900, and stands on a stone pedestal upon -a subbase of granite about 12 feet high, a total of 20 feet. The pedestal is different in design from that at Vendome, owing to the importance of the monument complete bearing symmetrical relations to that of Lafayette in the opposite angle of the same park. ROCHAMBEAU in the uniform of his rank, in heroic proportions, is represented erect, in an attitude of action, his right arm extended tow r ard the horizon, in gesture of command, and by a happy coincidence toward the home and tomb of his friend, companion in arms, arid chief, Washington. In his left hand he holds a plan of the field of Yorktown. At his feet rests the breech of a cannon on which lies a branch of laurel. On the south or front of the cap of the base is the simple word ' ' ROCHAMBEAU." At the base of the statue is the bronze emblematical group, a subsidiary bronze figure which represents the Goddess of Liberty stepping from a boat, touching sup posedly on the shores of America. In her left hand she holds 37 38 The Monument aloft a flagstaff displaying the Stars and Stripes and colors of France, which she gathers in graceful folds near the top in the act of landing. In her left hand she grasps a drawn sword defending a war eagle with extended wings, which clutches in its left talon a shield bearing the 13 stars and stripes of the original States, thus typifying the "alliance" the only one ever entered into by the United States. On the east face of the die, on a fanciful shield oval in design, is the. escutcheon of ROCHAMBKAU, three stars; two and one and a chevron and crown for crest; on the west are the arms of the Bourbon family, the lilies; two and one surmounted by a crown. The north side of the pedestal bears these words WE HAVE BEEN CONTEMPORARIES AND FELLOW-WORKERS IN THE CAUSE OF LIBERTY AND WE HAVE LIVED TOGETHER AS BROTHERS SHOULD DO IN HARMONIOUS FRIENDSHIP And beneath BY THE CONGRESS, MAY XXIV, MDCCCCII The original letter was discovered in the archives of the Chateau Rochambeau and was brought to the United States by the grand nephew of the Marshal. A copy of it is in possession of the Government at Washington. The pedestal is the work of L,. Laurent, architect. The casting by Val d'Osne. The artist seeks to render, as much by the manner of the person as by the expression of the face, the characteristic traits of this interesting figure among the last marshals of the ancient monarchy. It was the sculptor's aim to represent ROCHAMBEAU as he was, 'the full type of the soldier of the old regime. Although his birth, accomplishments, and training appealed to the brilliant indolence of court life, he always preferred the rude hazard of distant campaigns. Washington to ROCHAMBEAU, February i, 1784. - const d< The rnendati' enlarged the best M. FERNAND HAMAR of his ^-fjculptor of the Monument of Comte de Rochambeau of fine arts, \\ ; ited at the ^ distinguis! *>*fl erf Vendome cha of Marshal i; years later the (rovernme! > him to execute another after th .f the Mi) The ladies were met by i.h; Rhode I si.-. he joined. We rejoie. :.he nation h unveiled b . whose friendsh famous Octol >.. to the en I THE COUNTESS AND "THE DAUGHTERS" At 3 o'clock in the afternoon of Monday, May 19, the Com- tesse de Rochambeau received a delegation from the National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution appointed by Mrs. Charles W. Fairbanks, president-general, consisting of Mrs. Sylvanus Reed, regent of the Manhattan Chapter, New York. Mrs. Althea R. Bedle, of New Jersey, vice president-general of the National Society. Mrs. J. Heron Grossman, of Tarrytown, N. Y., vice president-general. Mrs. S. V. White, regent of the Fort Greene Chapter. Miss Mary Van Buren Vanderpool, regent of the Mary Washington Chapter. Mrs. Frederick Hasbrouck, regent of the Knickerbocker Chapter. Mrs. A. G. Mills, of the Mary Washington Chapter. The ladies were met by the Comte de Lafayette, followed soon after by the Comte and Comtesse de Rochambeau. Mrs. Sylvanus Reed, for the society, in words of greeting said: Madame la Comtesse: Mrs. Fairbanks, president-general of the National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution, has delegated us to welcome, in the name of that society, one whose name has been for a century and a quarter pronounced from childhood with gratitude by every American citizen. In the darkest hour of the war for American Independence a gleam of light and hope cheered the heart of Washington and his army, when the Comte DE ROCHAMBEAU arrived and landed his troops on the shores of Rhode Island, where he was welcomed by General Sullivan, whose forces he joined. We rejoice that the statue which the nation has erected should be unveiled by a lady who bears his name and who represents the nation whose friendship has been our pride and tower of strength since that famous October day. May the two great Republics of the world be allied to the end of time. 45 46 The Countess and "The Daughters" The Comtesse de Rochambeau in response said : My English may not be very understandable, but I hope my gratitude and respect for my guests and the country they represent will be. I may also thank you and your countrymen in behalf of my husband. We wish we could stay longer in your delightful city. If any of you are ever in France we shall be most pleased to see you at our home. A delegation from the French Society of ROCHAMBEAU of New York, in uniform, came in soon after to pay respects. FESTIVE '/ALLIANCE" AT THE UNION LEAGUE In the evening Cornelius N. Bliss, of the Cabinet of President McKinley, president of the Union League, entertained at the clubhouse Gen. Horace Porter, American ambassador to France, and the French visitors as guests of honor at dinner. In addition to the host and General Porter, there were present Comte Rene de Rochambeau Abram S. Hewitt M. Croiset . Levi P. Morton M. Michel Lagrave Mayor Low M. Guillemin Whitelaw Reid M. de Billy Morris K. Jessup Vicomte de Chambrun Franklin Murphy M. Edmund Bruwaert Nevada N. Stranahan Commander Raymond Rodgers, Dr. Nicholas Murray Butler U. S. Navy J. Edward Simmons Comte Sahune de Lafayette John Claflin John W. Griggs John S. Kennedy Thomas L. James Charles Stewart Smith James W. Alexander Edward D. Adams George G. Haven Robert W. De Forest John A. McCall James G. Cannon Herbert P. Brown George R. Sheldon George W. Perkins L. C. Weir Charles W. Gould John A. Sleicher James W. Beekman F. C. Wagner Thomas H. Wood George S. Terry Louis Stern Cornelius N. Bliss Charles A Moore EVENTS OF THE DAY TUESDAY, MAY 20 SALUT! "LE GAUIvOIS" THE "GUESTS" AT WASHINGTON 48 SAIL AHOY! On the m ; May 20, the French armored erv Gaulois, v command!: a lx>ard the members of and Naval Mission, sent by President L/oubet in i to the invitation of the Government of the United S resent the "French Government and people'' at * < -!' the ROCTIAMBKAU monument, ap- the offing off the capes of Virginia at the entrance to ike Bay. The A irrican escorting squadron, in wait- of the cruiser Olympia, LE CUIRASSE D'ESCADRE "LE GAULOIS" ^ Q ^ ^^ Atlantic (/ S^Mf commun igu * epar M - Sf^^B&OR commanding, steamed out in greo the Frenchman. riONAJ. HONORS The moment the ' *.r\\. the Olympia sent up to the topmast the nati> ;s (n France and fired a national 21 gui: iri promptly sent op the col- ^ ::ii equal number gun- Mjbama successively i ir honors, ti u reciprocating. B soon as the 6. / ^m- near enough K Higginson, putting pi launch, boarded th Fournier. the officer, and sa -.s of the Mission. The ied aboard his flagship and the great in.; \\>^ inward at 7 a. lit the cape ns leading, the A S. i * SAIL AHOY! On the morning of May 20, the French armored cruiser Gaulois, Captain de Surgy commanding, having on board the members of the Military and Naval Mission, sent by President L,oubet in response to the invitation of the Government of the United States to represent the ' ' French Government and people" at the unveiling of the ROCHAMBKAU monument, ap peared in the offing off the capes of Virginia at the entrance to Chesapeake Bay. The American escorting squadron, in wait ing outside since Sunday, consisting of the cruiser Olympia, flagship, and battle ships Kearsarge and Alabama, of the North Atlantic Squadron, Rear- Admiral Higginson commanding, steamed out in greeting to the Frenchman. INTERNATIONAL HONORS The moment the Gaulois was sighted, the Olympia sent up to the topmast the national colors of France and fired a national salute of 21 guns. The Frenchman promptly sent up the col ors of the United States, firing an equal number of responsive guns. The Kearsarge and Alabama successively extended similar honors, the Frenchman reciprocating. As soon as the Gaidois came near enough Rear-Admiral Higginson, putting off in his launch, boarded the Gaulois, to pay his respects to Vice- Admiral Fournier, the senior naval officer, and salute the other members of the Mission. The American Rear- Admiral returned aboard his flagship and the great machines of war heading inward at 7 a. m. passed the capes in single column, the Gaulois leading, the American S. Doc. 537, 59-1 - 4 49 50 On to Washington squadron following in the order of their salute. Upon clearing the entrance the ships in the same formation pointed up the bay at moderate speed, plowing the very waters and in sight or the very shores where De Grasse with his gallant men behind the guns of France reached conclusions with Graves on the sea and held Cornwallis bottled up in the bay. At 4 p. m. the squadron and its charge anchored for the night off Cove Point at the mouth of the Patuxent River, Maryland. As a mark of recognition of the international character of the event and as an evidence of appreciation of the significance of the commemoration, the French Government sent its repre sentatives to the shores of America in a vessel of the best type of modern construction in a navy so celebrated for its partici pation in American affairs a century and a quarter ago. Aside from the ceremonial prestige of its presence, the Gaulois constituted an object lesson in the naval architecture of the Republic of France at the beginning of the twentieth, as Le Languedoc, La Bourgogne, and La Ville de Paris stood for the best types afloat toward the close of the eighteenth century. ON TO WASHINGTON The unofficial guests of the nation, who had been enjoy ing many quiet hospitalities among their friends in New York, departed from New York for Washington in a special car. On the way they tarried a few hours at Philadelphia, the Comte and Comtesse de Rochambeau to attend a luncheon in their honor by personal friends, the others meanwhile to visit Inde pendence Hall, the United States Mint, Fairmount Park, and other points of interest, continuing the journey at 5.25 p. m., reaching their destination at 8.30 p. m. As the party alighted at the Washington station, they were met by M. Jules Boeufve, chancellor of the French embassy, and Mr. Edwin Morgan, secretary to the President's commission who escorted them to their place of residence while in the city. Almost simultaneously appeared M. Jules Cambon, ambas sador, and suite of the French embassy staff to give cordial greeting to their distinguished countrymen. EVENTS OF THE DAY WEDNESDAY, MAY 21 LE GAULOIS AT ANNAPOLIS NAVAL HONORS PRESIDENT'S COMMISSION WELCOMES THE FRENCH MISSION- AUTHORITIES OF THE UNITED STATES NAVAL ACADEMY TENDER THE COUR TESIES OF THE STATION IN BEHALF OF THE U. S. NAVY DEPUTATION FROM THE FRENCH EMBASSY EXTEND CORDIAL GREETINGS TO THEIR COUNTRYMEN (CoL.THEO.A.BINGHAMU.S.A Tr At 9 o'clock 01. anchor and contim, age, about 5 mi Annapolis, Md first mode^ American waters. THE PRESIDENT'S COMMISSION HERBERT H. D. PEJRCE Col. THEODORE A. BINGHAM Third A ssista nt Secretary of State U. S. A rmy '111 the Commander RAYMOND P. RODGERS first-class battle ship IndF' S ' Navy ing training ship Chesapca: naval tug Standish, to' boat (No. 54) Holland. +^ together with the escortir . carried their main batteries ami .-<: ^bout 5 a^ ted horst T): :n speri it sunsl;: .;id wat< In am of sion, representing th< 9.15 a. m.: Mr. Herbert II ]; Col. Tb Commander ;:SIDENT al of the nt, arrive THE "GAULOIS" AT ANNAPOLIS At 9 o'clock on the following morning the vessels weighed anchor and continued their voyage to their prearranged anchor age, about 5 miles below the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis, Md., which they reached at n a. m. This was the first modern French battle ship of the first class ever seen in American waters. PRESTIGE OF THE STATES At the time there was quite a representation of the American Navy in the roads off the waters of the Severn, including the first-class battle ship Indiana, auxiliary cruiser Gloucester, sail ing training ship Chesapeake, double-turretted monitor Terror, naval tug Standish, torpedo boat (No. 16) Gwin, submarine boat (No. 54) Holland, and dispatch boat Dolphin. These, together with the escorting squadron, carried 77 great guns in their main batteries and represented about 50,000 tonnage and as much indicated horsepower. This warlike scene was enhanced in spectacular effect by the bright sunshine above and the placid waters beneath. ARRIVAL OF THE PRESIDENT'S COMMISSION In anticipation of the arrival of the Gaulois, the commis sion, representing the President, arrived from Washington at 9.15 a. m.: Mr. Herbert H D. Peirce, Third Assistant Secretary of State, chairman; Col. Theodore A. Bingham, U. S. Army, aid to the President; Commander Raymond P. Rodgers, U. S. Navy; 53 54 The " Gaulois " at Annapolis who were accompanied by M. Pierre de Margerie, counselor; Capt. Paul Vignal, military attache"; Lieutenant-Commander Comte de Faramond, naval attache"; M. .Louis Hermite, attache; all of the French embassy. The party at once drove to the wharf, where they embarked on the dispatch boat Dolphin, Capt. Albert Gleaves. At 1 1 .30 a. m. the Dolphin, getting under way, steamed slowly toward the Gaulois, which, with the escort ships, was off Green- berry Point light-house, about 5 miles distant. Her jack at the moment was fluttering at the bow, the signal of anchoring, let ting go at 12.50 meridian as the Dolphin with her ceremonial commission came up. The escort anchored in position, the Olympia, flagship, 200 yards on the bow of the Gaulois, the Alabama and Kearsarge taking berths below the Olympia at points equidistant. NAVAL COURTESIES The battle ship Indiana, which lay between Annapolis and the light-house, opened the ceremonial function by hoisting a signal. The Alabama responded with a signal, whereupon the Gaulois fired a national salute of 2 1 guns, followed by her band playing ' ' Le Marseillaise. ' ' At the conclusion of these preliminaries the President's com mission, in a launch from the Dolphin, proceeded to the Gaulois, which as they approached fired a salute of 15 guns. As they stepped upon the deck of the Gaulois they w r ere greeted by General Brugere, general of division, vice-president of the supreme council of war, and Vice- Admiral Fournier, inspector-general of the navy. The other members of the Mission were then presented General Chalendar, commander of the Fourth Infantry Brigade. Captain de Surgy, commanding the armored cruiser Gaulois. Lieut. Col. Meaux Saint-Marc, aid-de-camp and personal representative of the President of the French Republic, M. Loubet. Lieutenant-Colonel Hermite, commander of the Sixth Foot Artillery. Major Berthelot, aid-de-camp to General Brugere. n Lieut. Andre" Sauvaire-J<". Lieu; e le Jay, ai Lieut. I- vimilien d. k Admiral ! Capt. dt de Saint- :\ Capt. Etienn ,u, aid-de- Cap*. iche" of the ger After an : greetin: the ship's cabin, which was tastr foliage, and fruits. Here more Mr. Peirce, 9] for the ! said : GENERAL: This commission now present ha* Ro<> UEUT. COL. MEAUX SAINT-MARC (PAUL HENRI FRANCIS) country Personal representative of the President of France Born 1850, at lyivry, Department of Seine et Oise, in the north of France; lieutenant- colonel of infantry (territorial); officer of ordnance to the President of the Republic, and personal representative of the President of France to the unveiling of the ROCHAMBRAU monument. ;1 Jd: GENTLEMEN: I thank :h e name French people for the I me which is a very great pleasure .{ my colh . occasion of internation is the u monument, and I am sur recollection of our stay in j ; dst. Since our departu 1 henchman in that stricken fellow-countr\ i for your gent >me. The commissior a plea, departure, etiquette to the At a later hour and their suite commission, after which Colonel the events of ti IHM3H JUAT) :>HAM-TV1IA8 XUA3M KJHf > . ' The " Gaulois" at Annapolis 55 Lieut. Andre" Sauvaire-Jourdain, aid-de-camp to Vice-Admiral Fournier. Lieut. Gustave le Jay, aid-de-camp to Vice-Admiral Fournier. Lieut. Baron Maximilien de Reinach de Werth, aid-de-camp to Vice- Admiral Fournier. Capt. de Pouilloiie de Saint-Marc, captain of artillery. Capt. Etienne Filloneau, aid-de-camp to General Brugere. Captain Lasson, attache" of the general staff of the governor of Paris. After an exchange of greetings the entire party withdrew to the ship's cabin, which was tastefully decorated with flowers, foliage, and fruits. Here more formal ceremonies were had. Mr. Peirce, speaking for the President of the United States, said: GENERAL: This commission now present has been charged by President Roosevelt to welcome you and your colleagues to the United States in his name and to express to you his hope that you will enjoy your stay in our country and carry away with you an agreeable impression of the United States, its institutions, and people. On behalf of our President I bid you welcome. General Brugere, speaking for the President of France, in response, in his own tongue, said: GENTUSMEN: I thank you in the name of President Loubet and the French people for the kind welcome which you have accorded to us. It is a very great pleasure to me and my colleagues to visit you on such an occasion of international esteem as the unveiling of the ROCHAMBEAU monument, and I am sure we will carry back to France the most agreeable recollection of our stay in your midst. Since our departure one incident has occurred which will stir the heart of every Frenchman in grateful recognition of American friendship, and that is the immediate and munificent aid which was extended to our stricken fellow-countrymen on the island of Martinique. Gentlemen, I thank you for your generous welcome. The commission after a pleasant half hour took their departure. On their return to the Dolphin they paid visits of etiquette to the Olympia and Alabama. At a later hour General Brugere, Vice- Admiral Fournier, and their suites made their return call upon the President's commission, after which the Dolphin returned to Annapolis. Colonel Bingham departed at once for Washington to report the events of the day to the President. Assistant Secretary 56 The " Gaulois" at Annapolis Peirce and Commander Rodgers remained to escort the French Mission the next morning to Washington for their formal presentation to the President. y LOUBET'S PARTING WORDS TO THE MISSION. The French commission, before departing on the armored cruiser Gaulois from Toulon for the port of New York, officially called upon President L,oubet in Paris, who, in addressing them, said: The bonds which so long united the Governments of the two Republics, as well as the peoples of the United States and France, render the mission which you are about to accomplish particularly important. President Roosevelt has been good enough to become, at every opportunity, the mouthpiece of the sympathy uniting the two nations, and I am extremely pleased to let him know, through you, how much I share these senti ments. You will respond fully to the sentiments which impel me to send this mission, representing worthily, as you will, the army, the navy, and the universities of our dear country. You are young and energetic men, invested with very high state functions, and you are going to a country where energy is a religion and where youth is loved. I anticipate for you the good welcome which that enthusiastic and mighty people beyond the ocean has ever reserved for those who have gone there to represent France. PRELIMINARY ATTENTIONS TO CIVIL GUESTS On the following morning the civil members, as suited their inclinations, took an informal tour of the city in carriages or automobiles at their disposal. Ambassador Cambon meanwhile called at the White House to ascertain the wishes of the President with regard to certain features of the proposed events leading up to the exercises of the unveiling. At i p. m. Comte and Comtesse de Rochambeau and the civil members of the Mission were entertained at luncheon by M. and Mme. Cambon. The only other guests were attaches of the embassy. The affair was informal, having for its object a better personal acquaintance and understanding between the ambas sador and his staff and the specially delegated representatives of the " Government and people of France," present at the invitation of the Congress of the United States, to participate in the ceremonies arranged for the 24th. EVENTS OF THE DAY THURSDAY, MAY 22 ARRIVAL OF THE FRENCH MISSION AT WASHINGTON RECEPTION BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES- CEREMONIAL CALLS VISIT TO THE TOMB OF WASHINGTON STATE DIN NER AT THE WHITE HOUSE ITINERARY Miles o I53 4- Mrs. Peirce. 5. Mme. Vignal. Second row: Chief military and naval members of the Mission and the President's commission (7) 1. General de Chalendar, commander Fourteenth Infantry Brigade. 2. Vice-Admiral Fournier, inspector-general, of the French navy. 3. General Brug&re, general of division, vice-president of the supreme council of war. 4. H. K. M. Cambon, French ambassador. 5. Mr. Herbert H. D. Peirce, Third Assistant Secretary of State, chairman of President's commission. 6. Col. Theodore A. Bingham, U. S. Army, aid to the President of the United States, member of the President's commission. 7. Commander Raymond P. Rodgers, U. S. Navy, member of the President's commission. Third row : Officers and civil members (7) 1. Lieutenant-Colonel Hermite, commander of the Sixth Foot Artillery. 2. M. Jean Guillemin, subdirector of the cabinet of the foreign minister. 3. M. Croiset, minister of the French Institute, dean of Faculty of Letters of Paris. 4. Lieut. Col. Meaux SaintrMarc, aid-de-camp and personal representative of Emil Loubet, President of the French Republic. 5. M. Michel Lagrave, representing the ministry of commerce. 6. Cointe de Sahune de Lafayette, representing the family of General Marquis de Lafayette. 7. Comte de Rochambeau, representing the family of Lieutenant-General Comte DE ROCHAMBEAU. Fourth row , Officers and civil members (7) 1. Capitaine Pouilloue de Saint-Mars, of the French artillery. 2. M. Robert de Billy, secretary of embassy. 3. Major Berthelot, aid-de-camp to General Brugere. 4. M. Jules Boeufv, chancellor French embassy, Washington. 5. Lieutenant Andre Sauvaire-Jourdan, aid-de-camp to Vice-Admiral Fournier. 6. Mr. Edwin Morgan, secretary to the President's commission. 7. Captain Etienne Fillonneau, aid-de-camp to General Brugere. pMarC, Fifth and i ast row ( 8 ) Lieutenau t - Colonel 1. Capitaine Vignal, military attach^, French embassy at Washington. 2. M. de Breda, French ensign. 3. Vicomte Charles de Chambrun, attach^ of the French embassy at Berlin. (Great grandson of Marquis de Lafayette.) 4. M. Louis Hermite. 5. Capitaine Lasson, attache of the general staff of the governor of Paris. 6. M. de Margerie, counselor of the French embassy at Washington. 7. Baron Maximilien de Reinach de Werth, aid-de-camp to Vice-Admiral Fournier. 8. M. Aiguesparsse, attach^. woms\JV wj .-30719". :o^ i>o:?. '30 .1 ^PMUTIJC ^^^fc ,919^ina lop;: : .3ild IK ttim 9rf i v ahnr. D-jnB09Jrr9i .nor ,. .uiagma iBiartaO oi q : , .aots MISSION DEPARTS FOR THE CAPITAL At an early hour on the morning of the 22d the Standish proceeded to the anchorage of the vessels of war and took aboard from the Gaulois the members of the French Mission. Upon the arrival of the Standish at the wharf of the Acad emy the midshipmen were drawn up at dress parade, extending to the Mission full military honors. At the same time a battery stationed near by fired a salute of 15 guns. After the battalion of midshipmen had passed in review, the members of the Mission, attended by Mr. Peirce and Com mander Rodgers, took carriages for the station, where a train was in waiting to convey them to Washington. Those present were General Brugere, chief of the Mission; Vice- Admiral Fournier; General Chalendar, whose ancestor was a lieutenant under ROCHAMBEAU; Lieut. Col. Meaux Saint- Marc, of the military household of the President of France; Lieutenant- Colonel Hermite. of the Artillery; Major Berthelot, aid-de-camp to General Brugere; Captains Pouiloiie de Saint- Mars, Artillery; Filloneau, aid to General Brugere, and Las- son, of the general staff of the governor of Paris; Lieutenants Sauvaire- Jordan, Le Jay, and Reinach le Werth, aids to Vice- Admiral Fournier. 59 60 Mission Departs for the Capital ARRIVAL IN WASHINGTON Upon their arrival at Washington at 10 a. m., the members of the Mission were received with military formalities by a squadron of the Second U. S. Cavalry, drawn up opposite the station. About a dozen open carriages were also ranged at the main door. The first of these was that of the President, which was placed at the service of General Brugere, Admiral Fournier, and General Chalendar, who occupied it, accompanied by Assistant Secretary Peirce. The cortege, preceded by a detachment of horse and bicycle police, followed by the cavalry and the line of carriages, pro ceeded to the White House by Pennsylvania avenue. In expectation 6f their arrival, M. Cambon, ambassador of France; Mme. Cambon; M. de Margerie; Counselor and Mme. de Margerie; Captain and Mme. Vignal; Lieutenant Comte de Faramond, and M. Jules Bceufve, chancellor of the French embassy, reached the White House earlier and were shown to the Red Parlor. A few minutes after Comte and Comtesse de Rochambeau ; Comte Sahune de Lafayette; M. Croiset, of the French Institute; M. Lagrave, of the ministry of commerce; M. Guillemin, of the cabinet of the foreign minister ; M. Re- nouard, painter and engraver ; M. de Billy, secretary of embassy, and Vicomte de Chambrun reached the White House and were shown to the Red Parlor, where they joined the ambassador and suite. At the same time the Secretaries of State, War, and Navy and other members of the Cabinet were gathered in the Hast Room to assist the President in welcoming the French envoys and guests of the nation. Lieutenant-General Miles, Admiral Dewey, General Porter, ambassador of the United States to France, Senators and Representatives and a number of specially invited ladies in official life were present. AT THE WHITE HOUSE Upon entering the grounds the cavalry rapidly advanced and, forming in line fronting the north facade of the White House, presented sabers as the members of the Mission drove up. Mission Departs for the Capital 61 At the steps of the north portico Colonel Bingham, repre senting the President, and several members of the embassy of France met the Mission and conducted them to the Red Parlor. The moment they alighted, a salute of artillery was fired from a battery on the Ellipse south of the Mansion. At 10.30 a. m. , the hour appointed, the entire personnel of the French embassy, Military Mission, and civil guests thus assem bled in the Red Parlor were escorted by Colonel Bingham to the Hast Room, where the President, the members of his official household, the heads of the Army and Navy, and a few invited to be present, was ready to give them audience and greeting.' As the distinguished strangers entered the salon from the grand corridor, the officers in the uniforms of high rank in the French army, the ambassador wearing radiant decorations, and the personnel of the embassy in court dress, the civil mem bers in full dress, and ladies in suitable toilet, the scene was particularly brilliant and impressive. In the group of which the President was the central figure the civil dress dominated, relieved, however, by the uniforms of the admiral and general officers, and rich toilets of the ladies. PRESIDENTIAL WELCOME When M. Cambon, ambassador of France, presented General Brugere, the President advanced his hand and gave him a most hearty welcome as the envoy of President Loubet. He made greeting equally cordial to Admiral Fournier and to the other members of the Mission as they were introduced by Ambassador Cambon. The ceremony of presentation extended some time beyond the prearranged schedule, owing to the President being engaged in an earnest conversation with General Brugere and Admiral Fournier which lasted nearly three-quarters of an hour. Upon leaving the White House, the ladies of the party re turning to the hotel, General Brugere and the members of the Mission made calls of etiquette upon the Secretaries of State, War, and Navy, Lieutenant-General Miles, Admiral Dewey, and the ambassadors accredited to Washington. 6s Mission Departs for the Capital IN MEMORY OF WASHINGTON In the afternoon the naval yacht Sylph conveyed the mem bers of the Mission, who were attended by Assistant Secretary Peirce, to Mount Vernon. The mausoleum was opened in honor of the distinguished vis itors. Ambassador Cambon, General Brugere, Vice- Admiral Fournier, and a few others entered the sacred precincts. Gen eral Brugere, in the name of the French Government, deposited upon the tomb of Washington a magnificent wreath of laurel adorned with tricolor ribbons. The Comte de Rochambeau planted a young maple tree, which sprung upon the field of Yorktown where RGCHAMBKAU fought by the side of Washington. General Brugere and the other French officers put the finishing touches to the com memorative act by taking up the spade and casting earth around the foot of the tree. The entire party were then shown through the mansion by the superintendent, who pointed out and explained the relics associated with the name of ROCHAMBKAU. At the conclusion of these tributes of remembrance, the party again boarding the Sylph, returned to Washington. DINNER OF STATE In the evening at the usual ceremonial hour, 8 o'clock, took place the state dinner, given at the White House in honor of the guests. The President sat at the head of the table, with Mme. Cambon at his right and the Comtesse de Rochambeau on his left. THE GUESTS The guests, which numbered 58, were The Secretary of State The Secretary of the Navy The Secretary of War and, Mrs. The Secretary of Agriculture and Root Miss Wilson The Postmaster-General and Mrs. Miss Roosevelt Payne Miss Carow Mission Departs for the Capital The Secretary to the President Col. Theodore A. Bingham The French Ambassador and Mme. Cambon General Brugere Vice-Admiral Brnest Fournier Comte and Comtesse de Rocham- beau Comte Paul de Sahune de Lafayette M. Alfred Croiset General of Brigade Ferdinand de Chalendar Captain de Surgy, Commander of the Gaulois Lieut. Col. Paul Meaux Saint-Marc. M. Lagrave M. and Mme. De Margerie M. Jean Guillemin Lieut. Col. Marcel Hermite M. Renouard M. Robert de Billy Maj. Henri Berthelot Lieut. Commander de Faramond de Lafajolle Captain and Mme. Vignal M. Jules Bceufve" Lieut. Andre Sauvaire-Jourdan Lieut. Gustave Le Jay Lieutenant Baron Maximilien de Reinach de Werth Capt. Pouilloiie de Saint-Mars Capt. Btienne Filonneau Capt. Henri Lasson M. Louis Hermite Vicomte Charles de Chambrun M. Ferdinand Hamar M. Henri E. Gourd ( Senator Wetmore Senator Lodge Senator Cullom Senator Morgan Representative McCleary Representative Hitt Representative Dinsmore Assistant Secretary of State David J. Hill Herbert H. D. Peirce Admiral Dewey Lieutenant-General Miles Maj. Gen. S. B. M. Young Commander Raymond P. Rodgers Gen. Horace Porter Cardinal Gibbons The Bishop of Washington S. P. Langley Edwin V. Morgan TO THE HEALTH OF LOUBET During the dinner the President rising, his guests following, proposed the health of the President of the French Republic and the people of France. The French ambassador responded in a toast ' ' to the President of the United States, ' ' upon which he uttered a few well-chosen sentiments addressed especially to the President. Secretary Hay in turn offered a sentiment "to the members of the ROCHAMBEAU Mission," to which General Brugere responded. EVENTS OF THE DAY FRIDAY, MAY 23 ROOSEVELT - LOUBET THE PRESIDENT ON " LE GAUUHS " RETURNS TO WASHINGTON DIN NER AT THE FRENCH EMBASSY ITINERARY ADVANCE SPECIAL Miles i o IyV. Washington, D. C. . ...... 9.30 a. m. 24 Ar. Odenton, Md .......... 10.05 a- m - o L,v. Odenton, Md .......... 10.10 a. m. 15 Ar. Annapolis, Md .......... 10.40 a. m. PRESIDENT'S SPECIAL I,v. Washington, D. C ........ 10.30 a. m. Ar. Annapolis, Md .......... 11.30 a. m. RETURN o IyV. Annapolis, Md ......... 4.00 p. m. 15 Ar. Odenton, Md. ... ...... 4.30 p. m. o I^v. Odenton, Md .......... 4.35 p. m. 24 Ar. Washington, D. C ........ 5.15 p. m. 6 4 VICE ADMIRAL FOURNIER France NAVAL FETE At 9.30 on the morning of May 23, in order to reach the Ga ulois in advance of the Pn Veneral Brugere and the other members of the KftfflW? FOURNIER > s ion left for Annapolis. Chef ****** (chief f squadron) VICE-ADMIRAL FOURNIER, inspector-general of movable defenses and submarine stations, officer of the Legion of Honor, entered the naval school in 1859. Served exten sively in the waters of Cochin China, Korea; Lieutenant de Vaisseau. In the Franco- Prussian war commanded a company of marines and led the column of assault on Bourget, the battalion losing 254 men and 10 officers killed and wounded; aid to the commander in chief of the Mediterranean squadron; captain de frigate at 37 years; aid to minister of marine; made a fourth voyage to China; in the operations off Ton kin; arranged the basis of an agreement between France and China. At Peking drew up and signed the treaty of May n, 1884; Capitan de Vaisseau; flag captain and chief of staff during a cruise in the Pacific; rear-admiral and chief of the naval division of Indo- China, later of the Atlantic, later of the marine in Algiers; organized and commanded the division of cruisers constituting the first school of war of the navy of France; vice- admiral maritime prefect .at Brest; commandant of the Mediterranean squadron during the Fashoda affair; member of the supreme council of the marine; permanent inspector-general of movable defenses and submarine stations; author of a number of scientific works on maritime subjects, including Variations of the Compass (for which he was made an officer of The Region of Honor), and Cyclones, The Forms of Less Resistance on Keels, etc. eral Brugere and his party aboar S miles below. The "President's special" left Washington an hour later. tent, his daughter, and sister-in-law, Miss Emily Tyler Carow, in this party were the French ambassador and Mme. Cambon, the Secretary of War and Mrs. Root, the Secretary of the Navy, Rear-Adn. Mr. Foss, Rep resentative from Illinois, chairma-. tnittee Affairs; Secretary and Mrs. Cortt ,tor from Massachusetts; Bingham and Lieutenaiu to the President, and Mr 5 65 KO jltl): yp^^E^aem^iitmJHHm 1 ^r.vov ; -_>v,' ;_>< -.:: >'j i'- ' : i/----. i^r. : . ' 'n', . ' <\ : ' 9rf ; NAVAL FETE At 9.30 on the morning of May 23, in order to reach the Gaulois in advance of the President, General Brugere and the other members of the ROCHAMBEAU Mission left Washington for Annapolis. Accompanying them were Lieutenant-General Miles, Admiral Dewey, Assistant Secretary Peirce, Captain Rodgers, and Mr. Morgan, of the executive committee, representing the President; General Corbin; General Porter, ambassador to France; Mr. Gourd, president of the French Chamber of Commerce of New York, and eight ladies. Upon their arrival at Annapolis the members of the Mission and those with them were received by two officers of marines stationed at the naval school, who conducted them to the wharf, where they were joined by the governor of Maryland, Mr. John Walter Smith, also one of the invited guests. From the landing the Gloucester and Standish carried Gen eral Brugere and his party aboard the Gaulois, which lay about S miles below. The ''President's special" left Washington an hour later. Besides the President, his daughter, and sister-in-law, Miss Emily Tyler Carow, in this party were the French ambassador and Mme. Cambon, the Secretary of War and Mrs. Root, the Secretary of the Navy, Rear-Admiral Taylor, Mr. Foss, Rep resentative from Illinois, chairman of the Committee on Naval Affairs; Secretary and Mrs. Cortelyou, Mrs. Lodge, wife of the Senator from Massachusetts; Surgeon- General Rixey, Colone.1 Bingham and Lieutenant-Commander Winston, U. S. Navy, aids to the President, and Mrs. Winston. S. Doc. 537, 59-1 - 5 65 66 Naval Fete Arriving at Annapolis at 1 1 . 30, the President was received by Commandant Wainwright, Superintendent of the Naval Academy, and Lieutenant Seigenenmeier, his aid. Along the streets traversed by the President and party were stationed a double line of United States marines and National Guard of Maryland, who stood at "present." The battalion of naval cadets was in line on the parade. As the President and party passed they presented arms, drums ruffled, and the corps band played the ' ' Star-Spangled Banner. ' ' Arriving at the wharf the President and suite took seats in the launches awaiting them, in which they were carried out to the dispatch boat Dolphin. The trip of 5 miles between the wharf and the Gaulois was quickly covered, and although without incident the marine scene presented was extremely enchanting. When the Dolphin reached the anchorage of the ships of war the three American escort vessels Olympia, Alabama, and Kearsarge fired a Presidential salute of 21 guns. ON BOARD THK " GAULOIS " The small boats of the Dolphin transferred the President and suite to the Gaulois. As the President reached the deck of the French cruiser he was greeted by Ambassador Cambon, General Brugere, and Vice- Admiral Fournier, the guard being paraded and at "present. " The President was at once conducted to the main cabin of Vice- Admiral Fournier, where the other members of the Mis sion were in waiting. After a brief interchange of courtesies with the French officers, the President, having expressed a de sire to be shown through the ship while awaiting breakfast, which would be served in an hour, Vice-Admiral Fournier performed that agreeable duty. The President took a lively interest in the armament and arrangement of the Gaulois. Mr. Foss, who was in company with the President in his tour of observation, also manifested great interest in the design and distribution of weights, economics, and metal. It was remarked that the Alabama, one of the escort vessels anchored near by, Naval Fte 67 the latest of the United States armored ships, resembled in cer tain particulars the French cuirasse, having the same tonnage, the same draft, and the same armament. BREAKFAST TO THK PRESIDENT The equipment for breakfast was improvised on the quarter deck, under a pavilion formed of French and American flags, and artistically decorated with plants and flowers, especially Ameri can Beauty and Jacqueminot roses. The service china, cut ware, and plate was brought from the Palace of the Klysee at Paris, in charge of an officer of the Gaulois, in anticipation of ceremonial and festive events grow ing out of the interchange of hospitalities. About 100 persons occupied seats at the table. The Presi dent held the place of honor at the center, directly under the muzzles of the two great 30 centimeters (i 2-inch guns), which protruded from the after-turret of the Gaulois. Facing the President was a grouping of American flags surrounding an eagle with outspread wings and surmounting the escutcheon of the United States in electric lights with a ribbon inscribed ' ' E pluribus unum. ' ' The President had at his right Mrs. Root, wife of the Secre tary of War, and General Brugere, at his left Mrs. Lodge, wife of the Senator from Massachusetts, and Vice- Admiral Fournier. Mme. Cambon, wife of the French ambassador, sat facing the President. A place of honor was also assigned to the governor of Maryland, by the side of whom sat Admiral Dewey. The ship's band, which was stationed on the lower deck, performed choice selections from its. repertoire. INTERNATIONAL FELICITATIONS During the dessert Ambassador Cambon rose and in the name of the President of the Republic of France extended a cordial welcome to all present on the soil of France, represented by the Gaulois. He was specially affable in his allusions to the Presi dent, in whose hands he said the liberties so precious to the 68 Naval Fete American people were a surety. The ambassador eloquently recalled the object of the Mission of General Brugere, hoping the close amity which for more than a century had united the people of France to the people of the United States would be perpetuated by future generations. The ambassador concluded in drinking to the health of the President of the glorious American Republic, which had given the example of popular liberty not only to France but to the entire world. In proposing the health of the President of the United States, Ambassador Cambon said in the presence of the Chief Mag istrate of the United States he desired to mention the fact of being the direct and personal representative of M. I^oubet, President of the French Republic. The President happily responded, speaking with profound deliberation. He apparently measured his words, realizing the international character of the fete on the deck of the Gaulois. REMARKS OF THE PRESIDENT Mr. Ambassador, General Brugere, Admiral Fournier, and you who are our hosts and guests to-day: I thank you with all my heart in the name of our people for what this Mission means. We appreciate what France did in sending it, and we appreciate what was implied in the choice of those who were sent here. Through you, Monsieur Cambon, we thank France for having chosen the General and the Admiral to come here to us. One hundred and twenty years ago the valor of the soldiers and sailors of France exerted what was perhaps the determining influence in making this a free and independent nation, and because of that France must necessarily always occupy a peculiar position in our hearts. [Great ap plause.] I thank you for the courtesy extended to me personally to-day. Admiral, it has been not only a pleasure but a source of profit to me to see this magnificent battle ship, so perfect in all its details, and to see not merely the perfection of the mechanism but the training of the men who handle the mechanism. I am sure I speak for the men of our Navy who are present to-day when I say that it has been not only a pleasure to be here but a source of instruction as well. Monsieur Cambon, I thank you also, because it has not only been an honor to receive this embassy, but it has been a pleasure also, and some times in this life the things of honor are not always the things of pleasure. They both happen to coincide in this instance. And let me in return, on behalf of all the people of the United States, and in the certainty that I Naval Fete 69 am expressing their sincere feeling, drink to the health of Monsieur Bmile L,oubet, President of the French Republic, and to that people, mighty in peace and in war, of which he is President. [Great applause.] The Secretary of War delivered a brief but happy reply. He recalled that the Gaulois had cast anchor in the same waters which bathed the shores of Yorktown. In closing he proposed as a sentiment suitable to the occasion and its meaning, ' ' The Army of France, ever faithful and tender in friendship, ever intrepid and courageous in war. ' ' Admiral Fournier, following, made allusion to the reciprocal esteem which existed between the navies of the two countries, and proposed the health of President Roosevelt and the mem bers of his official household. The Secretary of the Navy delivered a brief address full of vigor of expression and felicity of thought, remarking that the French fleet had always come to the United States on a mission of friendship, adding When France came to our aid over a hundred years ago, she not only rendered a great service to liberty, but imposed upon us a duty which entailed the fulfillment of a great obligation. The American people can say with pride that they were never deceived. In closing his remarks Mr. Moody proposed the "French navy." He was warmly applauded. General Brugere followed in stirring words concerning the Army of the United States. General Brugere said: I drink to the health of the Army and I welcome here the chiefs of the Army, at its head the President of the United States, who is a real soldier a soldier to the core and who has proved it. We have before us to-day, on the eve of to-morrow's ceremonies, remembrances of the war for Independence, when the American and French armies fought side by side under the guidance of the same general, who led them to victory. How could I forget on this American soil, steeped in the blood shed in common for right and liberty, the bond of close friendship which united two countries in those days, which have survived the most critical times, and which will maintain themselves in the future, whatever may come. Can I not remind you that when General Washington died the French army mourned him as it would one of her chiefs, and the French flag was covered with crape for ten days. Feeling deeply these sentiments of 70 Naval Fte solid and close friendship, I send a cordial greeting in the name of the descendants of the ROCHAMBEAU soldiers to the descendants of the soldiers of Washington. The General proposed "the memory of ROCHAMBEAU and Washington." M. Cambon finished these mutually felicitous flights of post prandial oratory by rising and announcing as a toast of gal lantry the health of Madame Roosevelt, "The First Lady of the Land," which was greeted with prolonged and loud expressions of approbation. THE GUESTS The guests were President Roosevelt. Miss Roosevelt. Miss Carow. Governor John Walter Smith. Senator and Mrs. Wetmore, of Rhode Island. Representative George Edmund Foss, of Illinois. The Secretary of War and Mrs. Root. The Secretary of the Navy. Secretary and Mrs. Cortelyou. L,ieut. Gen. Nelson A. Miles. Admiral George Dewey. Major-General and Mrs. Corbin. Ambassador Porter. Assistant Secretary of State Herbert H. D. Peirce. Col. Theodore A. Bingham, U. S. Army. Commander Raymond P. Rodgers, U. S. Navy. Captain Gleaves, U. S. Navy. Rear-Admiral Higginson, U. S. Navy. Commander Wainwright, U. S. Navy. The members of the Military and Naval Mission of France .Comte and Comtesse Rochambeau. Vicomte de Chambrun. Comte and Comtesse Lafayette and others. The menu of this memorable breakfast was appropriate to the occasion. Naval Fete 71 RETURN OF THE PRESIDENT At the conclusion of the breakfast, accompanied by his daughter, sister-in-law, Secretaries Root and Moody, Mrs. Root, Mrs. Lodge, and a few others, the President, after an affable parting with his host, returned to his launch and boarded the Dolphin. As he moved away from the Gaulois a salute of 2 1 guns was fired. Upon landing, the President and his party drove rapidly and without ceremony en route to the railway station. He was followed by another launch which conveyed General Miles, Governor Smith, Ambassador Porter, General Corbin, and others to the Standish, which landed them. As the launch pulled away the Gaulois fired a salute in honor of Governor Smith and General Miles. AT WASHINGTON At 5.28 p. m. the special train conveying the President and suite on their return to the capital drew up in the station. A large crowd had gathered in anticipation of his arrival and greeted the party with great cheering. On the way along the platform the President grasped the hands of the man at the throttle and the fireman, and thanked the conductor for his thoughtful attention. The President, with his daughter and Miss Carow and Sec retary Loeb, entered his carriage and without formality drove to the White House. The rest of the party drove to their own residences. RETURN OF THE FRENCH AMBASSADOR The special train bearing the French ambassador and mem bers of the French embassy and foreign guests entered the station at 6 p. m. on their return from Annapolis, and they were escorted to their hotel. The crowd, having awaited their return, gave them a hearty greeting as they proceeded to their carriages and drove away. 72 Naval Fte BANQUET AT THE FRENCH EMBASSY It was the eve of the day of the unveiling. M. and Mme. Cambon entertained their visiting countrymen and women at a state dinner at the French embassy, representing the ' ' Gov ernment and people of France." The banquet room, arranged for 22 guests, was a bower of floral beauty, rivaled alone by the elegance of the toilet and felicity of madame 1'hostesse. The guests, with but few exceptions, were the same as those of the President at the White House two days before. General Brugere, of the French army, and Vice- Admiral Fournier, of the French navy, Count and Countess de Rocham- beau, Count Paul de Lafayette, M. Croiset, Vicomte de Cham- brun, Brigadier- General Chalendar, Lieut. Col. Meaux Saint- Marc, Captain de Surgy, M. Lagrave, M. Jean Guillemin, Lieutenant- Colonel Hermite, M. Renouard, M. Robert de Billy, Major Berthelot, Lieutenant Sauvier-Jourdan, Lieut. Gustave le Jay, Baron de Werth, Capt. Poilloiie de Saint-Mars, Capt. Etienne Fillonneau, Capt. Henri Lasson, all of the French Mission; the ambassador from Germany; the ambassador from Russia; the ambassador from Mexico and Mme. Aspiroz; the ambassador from Italy and Mme. Mayor des Planches; the Austrian minister and Baroness Hengelm^iller; the minister from Denmark; the Swiss minister; the minister from the Nether lands; Gen. Horace Porter, the ambassador to France; Sena tor and Mrs. Cullom; Senator and Mrs. Wetmore; Senator and Mrs. Fairbanks; Senator and Mrs. Depew; Senator Hanna; Cardinal Gibbons; Bishop Chapelle; the first Assistant Secre tary of State, Mr. Hill; the Third Assistant Secretary of State and Mrs. Peirce; Representative and Mrs. McCleary; Mrs. Daniel Manning; Miss Alice Roosevelt and Miss Carow; Gen. S. B. M. Young; Commander R. P. Rodgers; Doctor Maguien; Mr. Herbert Putnam; Colonel Bingham, and Professor Gore, with the entire staff of the host's embassy. Naval Fete 73 From 9 to ii p. m., during the hours of the reception, the band of the Gaulois played a selected repertoire of operatic and popular airs in front of the embassy. During the afternoon from 4 to 5 o'clock an open-air concert was given by the band of the Gaulois in the White House grounds. This band, belonging to the Toulon fleet and detached to the Gaulois for this voyage, ranks foremost among organi zations of its kind in the French navy. - EVENTS OF THE DAY SATURDAY, MAY 24 United States France THE STATUE OF ROCHAMBEAU UN VEILEDREVIEW OF THE "ALLIED" FORCES OF THE UNITED STATES AND FRANCE VISIT OF COMPLIMENT TO THE CAPITOL AND THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS RECEPTION AT THE FRENCH EMBASSY. 74 THEODORE ROOSEVELT President of the Republic of the United States of America AN IMPJ The largest city of the American continent; gave him. birth, the oldest university of the American Republic gave him education, and the Empire Commonwealth of the American Union gave him his first experience in public affairs. These cardinal events in the career of Theodore Roosevelt transpired, respectively, 1858, 1876, 1881. Having been .twice reelected as legislator, in his second term he was the candidate of his party for speaker. The majority being Democratic and success not political the circumstance nevertheless had significance as a manifestation of his forceful relation to coordinate men and affairs. During the third period of his legislative service he was chairman of the committee on cities and of the special committee which investigated abuses in the government of New York City. His advent iu State politics found opportunity as delegate to the -Republican State convention of 1884, arid in national politics as one of the four delegates at large for New York to the national convention which nominated James G. Elaine, Republican candidate for President of the United States. In the same year and several following he engaged in raising cattle in North Dakota; but retaining his metropolitan political affiliations, in 1886 was Republican nominee for mayor of New York. In 1889 appointed member of the United States Civil Service Commission. He held that office until 1895, when he resigned to accept the presidency of the police commission of Greater New York. In 1897 President McKinley appointed him Assistant Secretary of the Navy, which he resigned the following year to become lieutenant-colonel of the First United States Volunteer Cavalry in the conflict with Spain. In the actualities of war he participated in the fights at Las Guasimas and San Juan, and was mustered out colonel, with his regiment, at Montauk, Long Island, September, 1898. From this point his rise in public station was rapid. In the two months following he was nominated and elected governor of New York. In the suc ceeding two years he governed wisely and progressively, received nomination and election to the Vice-Presidency of the United States. In less than a year the death of the President opened to him the succession to the chief office, to which he became his own successor by unanimous nomination of the Republican national convention of 1904, the vote of two-thirds of the members of the electoral colleges of all the States, and a majority of upward of two and one-half million votes being in itself by a large majority the greatest popular indorsement given to any of his predecessors in the high office of President of the United States. Uxonne, and Lauzu-ri the streets of Philan gress and the pop; ' on the man Virginia pe- '3HT 1o -:r rf}lB97/n