AN
INTRODUCTION
HEBREW GRAMMAR;
IN yfuicn
Z\iz (Senium of t^e Sanguag?
IS EXPLAINED,
BY A NEW AND SI3IPLE PRINCIPLE OF ANALYSIS j
Af>PHED TO THE IMPROVEMENTS OF
THE LATEST AND MOST APPROVED GRAMMARIANS:
And particuhrly intended
To reduce the Irregularities of the Inflected Parts of Speech, to the cominon Analogy
of the Language, and to explain the Peculiarities of the Construction,
by assimilating it to the Idiom of the English.
BY THE REV.
FREDERICK NOLAN,
Author of '< An Inquiry into the Integrity of the Greek Vulgate," &c.
LONDON:
PRITSTED FOR SAMUEL BAGSTER,
N<*. 15, PATFRNOSTER-ROW.
MDCCCXXI.
liONDON ;
SHACRELIi 4ND ABROWSMITH, JOHNSONS COURT, FLEET-STREET.
ADVERTISEMENT.
It may be presumed, that no very laboured explanation can
be necessary, to recommend to those who are engaged in the
acquisition of languages, an elementary work, which purposes
to render itself practically useful, by its comprehensiveness and
brevity, its uniformity and simplicity.
While its professed object is to unfold the grammatical
structure of the principal Modern and Antient Languages ;
the specimen, which is subjoined, is offered as an exemplifica-
tion of the plan and execution of the work ; and as an earnest
of the limited compass in which it will be accomplished.
While no elementary principle, necessary to a grammatical
knowledge of the different languages of which it treats, or
inculcated by the most approved grammarians will be design-
edly overlooked ; the work will be comprized in limits, within
which even their labours are rarely circumscribed, who merely
purpose to explain the genius of a single language.
As the simplicity of the plan will be estimated, as not pro-
bably among the lowest of its recommendations, it may be
necessary to state, that the principle of analysis, by which the
varieties of injlexion, in the different parts of speech, are ex-
plained, is so easy of acquisition, that a knowledge of their
diversity, is generally conveyed by a single exemplification,
or inculcated in the compass of a rule. In the declension of
nouns, this object is generally attained. But in those parts of
speech, which are the most important, as they are the most
difficult of attainment, the analytical principle has been even
more effectually applied ; the diversity of conjugations is not
only superseded, but the great body of the verbs, with a parti-
cular specification of those generally classed as irregular, are
reduced to the same analogy, and inflected after the form of
one example, which is generally chosen, as the most simple in
Its structure.
In explaining the construction of the different languages,
which come within the author^ plan, fewer liberties were
094
allowed him, to depart from the ordinary path pursued by hii
predecessors. In this respect, it has been his object, to
embody and simplify the rules of the most approved gramma-
rians, to reject all abstruse or metaphysical distinctions, and by
a familiar exemplification in English, to remove the difficulties
of the foreign tongue, by assimilating them to the native idiom.
With a view, however, still more closely to accommodate the
theory of the rule to the praxis of the exemplification, letters
of reference are inserted in both, by which their immediate
dependence will be directly perceived ; and the general prin-
ciple of the one be illustrated and confirmed, by the specifick
induction in the other.
The simplicity of plan which the author has thus endea-
voured to secure, he has further aimed at rendering useful, by
the uniformity of his mode of discussion. As one mode of
treating the different languages is adopted, and the same code
of laws applied to each, with very inconsiderable modifica-
tions ; the labour of the learner will be proportionably reduced,
as his knowledge of one language will be rendered subsidiary
to his acquisition of another. And still more effectually to
promote this object, the definitions of terms, which are common
to all grammars, are separated from the body of the work, and
prefixed to the two parts into which it is divided, as contain-
ing the antient and modern languages. The w'ork is also
printed with that diversity of type, which will serve as a guide
to the reader in his method of studying each language, or of
attaining that portion of it, which may suit his peculiar views
or inclinations. Thus separating the fundamental rules from
the exceptions, and examples, he will be directed in his selec-
tion of those parts which are to be carefully committed to me-
mory; not merely by the person who would make a moderate
proficiency in any language, but who would form a competent
idea of the plan adopted in the following analysis.
A Classed Vocabulary will be added, containing the most
useful and necessary words of the different languages intro-
duced in the annexed grammars.
AS
INTRODUCTION
TO
HEBREW GRAMMAR,
i
INTRODUCTION
HEBREW GRAMMAR,
I. OF PROXUNCUTIOX.
The Hebrew alphabet contains twenty-two letter^, which
are named as follows, and sounded as in the annexed words
of the Hebrew and English ; viz.
Form. Name. Power. Hebrew. English.
N aleph, a, sounded as in biN abbot.
3 beth, 6, ban better.
3 ghimel, g, spa giddy.
*T daleth, c?, yoT demon.
n he, e, bVn able.
1 vaw, M, ----- 3313 cruel.
T zain, z, - - . . - Idt cenith.
n cheth^ h, - ... - c3n /jectic.
u theth,' fA, .... - n3U f/iistle.
' iod, i, ... - - Tp' ^lial.
3 •] caph, e, - - _ - - nn3 cator.
>? lamed, i, - - . - - inb better.
o D mem, m, - ... - i':;o 7,ielIow.
3 ] nun, n, .... - ^'pj wectar.
D shamech, sh, ----- psD -y^eepcot,
y ain, o, guttural, - ... - Vay omen.
an phe, phi "ii^S /)edant.
vy tsade, ts, "QV tabled*.
p koph, AA, la? Aindred.
T resh, r, ..... 03T regal.
^ sin, J, - . - _ - ]y:f iever.
n tau, t, Ipn lender.
The simple sounds, common to both languages, may be
acquired by the above scale •, from which it is evident, that the
B2
4 HEBREW GRAxMMAR.
Hebrew and English letters are pronounced nearly alike, with
a very few exceptions. The Diphthongal sounds are redu-
cible to six, which are said to be common to the cognate
Oriental Languages, and may be represented by the following
combination of letters ; viz.
•'ft ' ' by ' • txi, - - as • • T^{ - pronounced - aeer.
'n ei, ri'n aeeey.
>y._.-_oi, ------ vy --- oeen,
^^f au, - niK --.----- aoor.
\"T eu, ------ pn -------- aoon.
>") ui, ------ «13 -------- gooee.
Of the mode of pronunciation which is here described, it
must be observed, that it is founded on general principles
deduced from a collation of antient alphabets, and differs very
considerably from that adopted by the Jews, which is now.
generally rejected by the learned. In attaining a competent
knowledge of reading without points, which is now generally
adopted, it will be necessary to attend to the following obser-
vations.
J. OF THE SOUND OF THE LETTERS*.
No letter is silent in Hebrew, as read without points, but
each character generally preserves the sound ascribed to it in
the alphabet. The mode of reading is from the right hand of
the line to the left, like the generality of the Oriental
Language.
The Vowels are divided into open, as, «, n, % J?, i ; and
close which are not expressed in writing. The former are
pronounced with the sound of the correspondent vowels in the
words, g«rden, theatre, lYiial, modal, cruel ; as Vnt*, VVn, itt?%
h'OV, nDiD, pronounced kbel, eylel, eeser, omel, cookeb. The
latter are pronounced with the sound of the final vowelsf in
* The learner, who follows the method of readin* with points,
should omit the following observations on Pronunciation, and acquaint
himself with the nature and use of the vowel points, as described in
the Section on the Accents, at the end of the Grammar. He who
follows the method of reading ivithout points should, on the other hand,
neglect those marks altogether, and omit those passages of the follow-
ing Grammar, which are enclosed in brackets.
f The sound of these vowels is properly expressed by e terminating
a syllable, as in the words babble, nitre; the pronunciation of which
is so close and rapid, that it does not vary, whatever be the vowel
PRONUNCIATION. 5
the words pillar, master, elixir, donor, murmwr, as "riDn, fi*TJ,
"lOr, pronounced, bethel, gedeph, zemer.
The Consonants are pronounced Nvith the sound ascribed to
them in the alphabet. But it should be observed; (1) that
J, p, are uniformly pronounced with the hard sound which the
letters g, c, possess before «, o, in English ; as ^11:1, itrp, pro-
nounced ghedeph, kether. (2) The letter n is ascribed by
some the guttural sound of cA, or gh, in the word loch or
lough, as pronounced by the Scotch or Irish ; as DDn, Vin,
pronounced chekem, chedel. (3) The letters t:>, D, are ascribed
by some the simple sound of t, s, instead of the aspirate sound
of th, sh ; as ?i:iD, pGD, pronounced tenep, sepek. (4) The
letters D, il% n, on the other hand, are ascribed by some the
aspirate sound of ph, sh, th, instead of the simple sound of
p, 8, t ; as iiTD, Vpu;, nVn, pronounced, pheter, shekel, thele.
The characters *], D, f, % V5 are but a different form, which
the letters D, D, J, D, y, assume when they are final.
2. OF THE DIVISION OF SYLLABLES.
The omission of the close vowels occasions some difficulty
iQ the division of the syllables in Hebrew words, which an
attention to the following observations will tend to remove.
(1) Those words are pronounced as monosyllables, which are
composed of two letters, or of two consonants with a vowel
interposed ; as, fn, aw, i^n ; "it^n, Vnn, n^n, Vrn, in, pro-
nounced, ben, ab, ba; bar, bel, bit, bol, bur. (2) Those
words are pronounced as dissyllables, which are composed of
three consonants, or of two consonants, with a vowel prefixed
or subjoined, or of one consonant with two vowels prefixed or
subjoined ; as *|13, nxD\> ; nmt*, ^^1 : nis^, u;i?% t^ip, mm :
pronounced berek, keset ; aser, desa ; a-oot, ee-6s, koo-a,
soo-e. (3) Words not reducible under the foregoing deno-
minations may be generally divided into monosyllables, so as
to constitute words of two syllables; as, fanp, ntrn: : loni^,
nipl : 2DO, V^Vn : ^I'D^*, n:u : mat*, n^ia : pronounced
inserted. Thus the word nitre is similarly pronounced, whether
written accordinp: to the German or Hebrew orthography w<Yr-; to the
French or English nitre -. or, by inserting a close vowel, as nitar, niter,
uitir, nitor, uitur.
B3
6 HEBREW GRAMMAR.
kerben, nehset ; abneth, nekbe ; cookeb, belil ; aship, bine ;
abde, beir. (4) Words which contain a vowel in the middle
are easily divided into trisyllables; as, nu;i:t^, nVinn, nnmn,
pronounced anoose, betoole, behoorut. (5) Words, which
contain several vowels or consonants in the middle, are, in
like manner, easily divided into trisyllables ; as, fi"*!'*), rnDu^D,
pronounced roeeun, meskeret.
3. OF THE ACCENT OF WORDS.
Hebrew words may be generally accented on the penulti-
mate ; as, pp. nDO, nVinn, pronounced, keren, cookeb,
betoole: but if they receive an increase by inflexion, they
draw the accent forward, on the increasing syllable; as miD,
n2)\D ; D"'nitii, nuvj, pronounced thoob, thoobe, thoobeem,
thoobodt.
II. OF INFLEXION.
NOUNS.
The only change to which Nouns are subject by Inflexion
is that of Number and Gender ; the Hebrew, like most of the
Oriental languages, supplying the variation of Case by Pre-
positions.
The letters which are chang-ed or added by inflexion, are termed
SP.rvilcs, and are combined in the following- artificial words, U'a'jN,
Dn33, m\ ' The remaining letters of the Hebrew alphabet, whicii
undergo no change by inflexion, are termed radicals, and are combined
in the words unn3, p\VV, npv. A servile is often used as a radical j but
a radical cannot be used as a servile.
1. OF NUMBER.
Nouns of the masculine gender form their Plural by adding
D\*, to the Singular ; omitting n'', and frequently "•% before the
termination. Nouns of the feminine gender form their Plural
by adding ni'^ to the Singular ; omitting n, n^, (when they are
servilesj before the termination, but changing ni, n\ intonv^
Nouns of the common gender generally form their Plural in
both terminations^'.
[The pointed Hebrew adds to these Numbers a Dual,
INFLEXION OF NOUNS.
which is formed by adding D'_ to the Singular ; but if the
noun ends in n, not being a radical, this letter is changed into
n, before D^_.]
Examples. 3icMf. sing-, ^p, sag-e, pi. d>3j7|, sages: ^Tnu', field, pi.
unz', fields ; '•13, nation, pi. d""i:, or ^u'^:^, nations. Fem. sing. ^j-|S«) s'gn*
P^- ninis> sig-ns : n-nn^, law, pl.m-iTi, laws: m3x^, letter, pi. mi^N,
letters: ^n-^zb^, kingdom, pi. nvDbo, kingdoms : n^'Whti, beginning, pi.
Dvu'Nl, beginnings. Com. sing, sovy, bone, pi. D'-avy, or mnvy, bones.
[Sing. qV, day, Dual, q^v? two days : ^.jg, year. Dual, ^.^y^, two years.]
Exceptions. 1. Of Nouns masculine, the following form
the Plur. in ni ; viz. nt*, father, n1^*, familiar spirit, ivm,
treasure, paii^, palace, '?0*a>b*, bunch, [na, thumb, in, well,
Ji, roof, Viu, lot, fm*T, good, n:r, tail, ivtn, vision, nrn,
breast, yin, street, DiVn, sleep, pnmn, count, nsiD, palm, nD,
vigour, «DD, throne, V^V, night, niV, table, nnro, altar, :iVtd,
fork, Vina, pipe, niDQ, rain, imi>o, tithe, Vpa, staff, iva, fast-
ness, Dipo, place, 1^5^, skin, ij, candle, id:?, dust, nu', skin, nu;i7,
herb, niD, hinge, nny, purse, Vip, voice, T-p, wall, nip, battle,
pirn, chain, fnVn?, table, Du;, name, u?du;, sun, iDiu;, trumpet,
11U?, wall, nm, posterior. 2. Of Nouns feminine the following
form their Plur. in D^ ; viz. nVfr^, oak, nimt^, path, nn, bath (a
measure), nvu, egg, niDn, dromedary, nVm, fig-cake, mm,
bee, ni, statute, mai, vine-branch, nnt, fornication, nDU?n,
darkness, niDn. wheat, n:r% ostrich, njr, pigeon, 7D, cask,
HDDD, rye, nnV, brick, nVo, diction, nVa:, ant, ni^D, measure,
riD, morsel, nn\P3, linen, u;:iV^D, concubine, nQYi, pavement,
nVno^, ear of corn, nn;r or n^nu;, captivity, niDU?, shittim-
wood, mi?u;, barley, n:t^n, fig, nijTn, fornication. 3. Of
Nouns common, the following form the Plur. in D^ ; viz. pt*,
stone, fDJ, vine, *]1*t, w^ay, 21, bear, Vnv, ram, iQy, bird, tiDm,
juniper, \D2W, tribe: the following form the Plur. in ni ; viz.
^:«, ship, nm, sign, yia, earth, «^|JD, wing, pu;V, tongue, u;QJ,
soul, p:?, eye, mr, evening, pip, horn, nu?p, bow, nn, spirit,
am, street, nnir, sabbath, dnn, abyss. 4. Of Plural ter-
minations, those in D^ frequently omit % and those in m omit i ;
as iVo, king, pi. DoVa, or ddVo : n:)ion, image, pi. njian,
for nijiDD. Some drop 'i or i in the penultimate; as iiQY,
bird, pi. DnDy ; or, day, pi. D^i2\ and D^av : pio, contention,
pi. D^na, L]:no, and "^ono : i^r, city, pi. Dn^i», d^i]?, and
8 ttiEBREW GRAMMAR.
D''D*i:?. Some assuming t*, make D^t* and D*" ; as ""nv. goat, pi.
Duv and D^i^^y ; -"Vn ornament, pi. D^-^bn and D■'^^V^ : ^nQ,
credulous, pi. D^riQ, D''^nED, and D^t^nD. Some merely omit D ;
as, *T^ hand, pi.- Dn^ and '''r>; fiVn, window, D^iiVn and ^:iVn :
some combine both terminations ni, D'' ; as nan, high place,
pi. DTiian ; and some, following the Chaldee, form the pL in
p ; as pdVd for D^dVd, kings ; f^D'' for d^to\ days.
Many nouns in Hebrew are only used in one number ; the
names of metals, liquors, virtues, and vices, being generally
not used in the singular ; and some signifying age or habit
being not used in the plural ; but the Hebrew possesses some
nouns which are superabundant, forming their plural in different
terminations.
Examples, l. Of nouns only used in the Singular ; viz. f)D3, silver,
nn33, sulphur, ]"•% -wine, mnV, youth, pvy, calumny, &c. 2. Of nouns
only used in the Plural ; viz. D''b'ira, virginity, D''3npT, old age^ nmy^,
childhood, D^Qiby, youth, d"'3S, faces, D''"'n, life, &c. 3. Of nouns super-
abundant, the following of the mas. gender have both plural termina-
tions D', r^^-, viz. nN. ^n^<, lion, i3, back, -m3, troop, irr, age, bDirr,
palace, nnr, sacrifice, pnar, memorial, dv, day, ny, wood, p^-[, spark, iio,
urn, 1123, harp, nab, heart, •^^n^^, luminary, "i^an, fastness, Vraa, tower,
cnan, suburbs, -|Di?3, restraint, lyio, meeting, U'pia, snare, minn, seat,
p-iTD, bason, nNSn, grief, non, circuit, b^yo, track, ]^y?3, fountain, yvpD,
corner, n^U'D, bed, pu'D, tabernacle, n"i2, habitation, i^ao, circuit, fp,
threshold, J^^'^v■, rope, ^ly, iniquity, ipy, heel, ns, mouth, ps, breach,
*<nv, host, -IN1V, neck, nnp, sepulchre, n^i-p, reed, cmp, ax, miy, field,
7vntt', armour, ai2yn, delight. The following likewise, of the feminine
gender, have both terminations ; viz. na-'N, terror, hq^n, sheaf, mu'N,
grove, rm23, primogeniture, n'^'in, lance, idd, talent, c^riD, shoulder,
.TTQ, measure, n2Q, tract, r^TT\v, heap, ny, cloud, n3£), corner, rrD~i3, hoof,
n3^p, lamentation, n^ir, year, n^-rn, praise.
2. OF GENDER.
Adjectives form their feminine* by adding n^ to the mas-
culine, omitting n'' before the formation; both terminations
form their plural regularly*" according to the rule given for the
formation of that number.
Examples, "^j,^, f. ^,3^, good ; ^t\^>, beautiful, f. ns\ Plur. '^ODita,
f. ninu ; d^S'', f. ms\
Substantives have their gender determinable, either by
the signification or the termination. 1. Nouns relating to the
names and offices of males'\ and being the names^ of months,
INFLEXION OF NOUNS. 9
rivers, mountaius and people are masculine ; those relating to
the names and offices of lemales% and being the names'^ of
countries, provinces, cities, or of the members of animals being
double, are feminine. 2. Nouns ending in a radical, or fi,
are masculine; those ending in n, n, when serviles, are
feminine. The Neuter is generally supplied, in Hebrew, by
the feminine.
Examples. 1. Of Gender determined by the signification. jMas.
^fn. David; *|S-3, king; ^]D'''3, Nisan ; n"i% Jordan ; bons, Carmelj
my, Hebrew, f em. '^n^n, Eve ; □?<, mother ; bTi:', wifej "^aiv, Arabia;
IMTZZ', Samaria ; bna, Babel : i\ hand, "73-), foot, yv, eye. 2. Of Gender
determined by the termination ; jNIas. Ti'n, darkness; riDyra, answer;
mo, death ; 'bn, necklace ; iiarn, device. Fem. m^'iini wisdom ;
n:2nb^f war ; nyn, knowledge ; mb'DO, folly.
Exceptions. Of nouns having their gender generally
determined by the termination, the following (though ending
like mas. nouns) are fem. viz. pj^, bason, mm, arm, ni'Di^,
viper, r3V^*, tinger, iiu^t*, step, ^^n^, ass, is^n, well, r>L2,
belly, inn, knee, na, bath (a measure), pj, floor, nj, vat, m,
statute, mn, sword, fo^ right hand, in'',, nail, *td, cask, 13^,
talent, DO, cup, ""nV, cheek, nj^, splendor, V]JJ, shoe, n?D,
flour, nr, cloud, u;^r, arcturus, mir, bed, mjV^'D, concubine,
riD, morsel, \i^\', sheep, pDV, north, Vm, sheep, iVu;, fraud,
pin;, hip, Vnn, world. The following are com. or used alike in
the fem. and mas. viz. ""Jt^, ship, pit*, floor, nm, sign, "n:i,
inclosure, fpT, beard, pVn, window, i?iy», lower story, nn?D,
altar, n:no, camp, nvo, forehead, l^D, pot, t^iU'i, juniper,
T'Otr, thorn, p:;, tooth, nm, razor: with the following, which
are rarely used in the fem. : viz. Vm, stag, •i:in, clothes, fion,
multitude, n^?, olive, /iiin, rope, *iion, ass, nV, heart, DnV,
bread, po, shield, nipio. possession, DJ?, people, m:>, confusion,
pp, horn, '.rn*!^, sceptre, nu?, flock: and the following which
are rarely used in the mas. viz. fni^. stone, mt^, way, yi^?
earth, u;t*, fire, fSJ, vine, m, bear, nVi, door, "jTr, way, mr,
arm, iin, court, Vni% sheep, *t% hand, 5q:D, wing, pu;V, tongue,
niLV^ rod, i:;d:, soul, pr, eye, i^r, city, ovr, bone, nj, time,
DID, turn, msy, bird, nu,>p, bow, Vj-i, foot, nn, wind, nm,
street, '?ii^u.>, grave, nntp, sabbath, mou;, sun, Dinn, abyss.
The cardinal numbers from one to ten are jnas. under the
feminine termination, and fem. under the masculine; but all
10 HEBREW GRAMMAR.
numerals from twenty to a hundred are common. To the
above nouns must be added several in n, which though ending
as feminines are notwithstanding used in the mas. as nV^V, &c.
3. OF COMPARISON.
The varieties of inflexion, in the Comparison of Adjectives,
are generally supplied in Hebrew by particles. 1. In the
Comparative Degree, by p, or p, before, subjoined to the
Positive. 2. In the Superlative Degree, by i, among, sub-
joined in like manner to the Positive. But a superlative
absolute is also formed by a repetition of the Positive, or by
subjoining to it Ti^D, very.
Examples. V^*•'3^D r^na DDn, thou art wise before (or, wiser than)
Daniel : nrrN ]?3 d^2U' Doio, two are good before (or better than) one.
rrnrraa Tina u^^b, the lion strong among (the strongest of) animals, pay
pay, very deep ; nxn 2^'o, very good.
ARTICLES.
The definite Article pr, the, is indeclinable*, occasionally
possessing the force of the genitive and vocative".
The Hebrew employs several particles'^ to supply the place
of the other cases ; viz. ^ for h\i, to; n«, the, with the; p orp,
from, out of; to which maybe added ''□s', with,}, in, through^
D, as, which follow the same analogy.
But the possessive case^ is distinguished b5^ its juxtaposition
to another noun^ ; which noun, if it end in n sing, changes this
letter into n^, and if in D"" 'pliir. drops the final d"".
Examples. *|ba, a king; "jbTan^, the king, ''of the king, O king:
"■'•jbab, to the king, 'p-o n^f, the king, *|b?2Q, from the king, ^yu?-) oy,
"With the wicked ; n^nn, in the house ; yy^, as a tree. «^v")J< '^I'^Oj king-
of the earth : D^nu' mD'ra, kingdom of heaven : mn> min (for mins)
law of the Lord ; viN '3Vq (for DObn*',) kings of the earth.
PRONOUNS.
1. The Pronouns Substantive possess the following varieties
of inflexion ; viz.
1*^ Person. 2d Person,
SING. SING.
Com. Fern. Com. ]Mas.
Nora. ,jj^ ,p,^ I. Nom. ,;^^ ^^^^ ^^^ Thou.
PLUR. PLUR.
Com. Fem. Mas.
Norn. =)3n:i:ro>* ^^'^- ^'om. .^j^ ^ns You.
INFLEXION OF NOUNS. 11
3d Person.
SING.
PLUR.
Fein. Maa.
Fern. Mas.
Nom. ^v-, ^;in He, She.
Nom. ^;^ar, They.
[ain the pointed Hebrew nbi, thou, is written, when mas.
ri«, and when fern. n«.]
The particles b, m^, n or nb, are used -with the Conjunctive Pro-
nouns to supply the cases of the Personal Pronoun ; as, 1st Pefs. Sing-.
'•? of or to me, •>n^H, me, ">r3n, from me ; Plur. lib, of or to us, "ism^, us,
")3aa, from us. 2d Pers. Sing, -p, of or to thee, *Jm^^, thee, *i7373, from
thee : Plur. DDb, of or to you, Q•Dr\^s, you, dddq or d3q, from you.
3d Pers. Mas. Sing, lb, of or to him, imx, him, I3na, from him ; Plur,
DHV, of or to them, Dm^^, them, qho, from them : Sing-, nb, of or to her,
rtniN, her, n^oa, from her j Plur, ]nb, of or to them, ]n'\{i, them, jrro,
from them.
2. Of Pronouns Adjective, the following are indeclinable,
and as connected with the substantive and verb may be termed
Conjunctives, to distinguish them from the preceding, which
are properly termed Disjunctives.
[sing.]
1st Pers. -> my. 1*^ Pers. ^^ our
Fern. Mas.
2c? Pers. » thy. 2d Pers. p q^ your.
Fern. Mas.
3c? Pers. ;^ ^ his, her. 3c? Pers. ) d their.
[In the pointed Hebrew *j, thy, fern, is thus written rj , and
the Plur. of the preceding Pronouns, which are pointed merely
as used in the Sing, are thus expressed.
1st Pers.
»
my.
1*^ Pers,
2d Pers.
1,
thy.
2d Pers.
3d Pers.
n 1
his, her.
3d Pers.
V. cii.t^eir.]
The Conjunctive Pronouns are regularly connected with mas. nouns
sing, as, nm, (from in) my word, ']n3'T, thy word, nn, his word
mn, her word, <fec. But mas. nouns plur. drop d before the Pronoun
omitting- » where it would be repeated j as nm, my words, *jni*T, thy
words, vnn, his words, nnm, her words, &c. And fern, nouns sing.
ending- in n, change this letter into n, before the Pronoun; 'min,
(from n']^^\) my law, ']m"in, thy law, imin, his law, &c. when plur.
12 HEBREW GRAMMAR.
they insert ' before the Pronoun, unless where that letter would be
repeated ; as, 'm-nn, my laws, iTimn, thy laws, vmiin, his laws, &c.
Both mas. siudfem. nouns assume n before d, ), their ; as, mas. DnniT,
pnm, their words; fem. DrT-miin, in^nmn, their laws.
The same analogy is not only observed before d, ], but sometimes
before i^ making in, his. But n is sometimes subjoined not only to the
foregoing terminations, but to the pronouns in the 2d yjeri'. making
nnn, n2rr7 (for d, ],) their ; rrD (for •]) thy, n2D (for p) your ; though, by
an addition of "<, % sometimes O, is used for ■], thy ; in for a, their.
The Conjunctive Pronouns when joined to Verbs acquire
the force of Personals instead of Possessives; as ""IDD (from IDO)
he delivered me ; poo, he delivered Ihee, &c. but the Pro-
nouns ••, 1, n, me, him, her, prefix : ; as ''jnDO, he delivered
me, I^IDD, he delivered him, njiDD, he delivered her, &e.
The Demonstrative Pronoun is inflected as follows ; viz.
Com. Fem. Com.
Sing, ^ii ht r\n\ this, that. Plur. t,^ -,^, these, those.
For the Sing. com. are used nit, libn HTbn tbrr, this that. And by
prefixing the usual prepositions, the cases of the above Pronouns are
supplied as follows ; Sing, ni, this, mb, of or to this, nr na, this nia,
from this, Plur. nbx, these, ^b^fb, of or for these, r^bn r\H, these, nbxo,
from these. [»In the pointed Hebrew, mas. n.i, fem. rn \ com. Tt, fem. it,
are thus distinguished.]
The Relative niii«, \^, who, which, what, the Interrogatives,
"•n, rro, [np rTQ\ D? who, which, what ? the Indeterminates Vd,
all, 7D f^b*, none, iu;t^ Vd, all who, admit of no distinction of
number. But mas. ii?''t^, some one, makes fem. nu>i^ : Plur.
u^^l^ some.
By prefixing the usual prepositions the cnses of the above Pronouns
are easily supplied ; as, ii^nV, whose, to who7n, -|U'j< nx, whom, ike.
(nnb) 'nb, whose to whom ? (no) ""d Jis, whom ? &e.
VERBS.
Hebrew Verbs may be distributed into three classes; 1.
Those which preserve the whole root in the Indefinite and
Future. 2. Those which drop the first letter, after * in the
Future. 3. Those which drop the middle letter, in the Inde-
finite. They are inflected in the Future and Infinitive, as in
the annexed examples.
INFLEXION OF VERBS.
13
\.st Class.
ladef.
Future.
Infinitive.
^?-x
"itp:
U'J
J-.e deli\-ered.
be will deliver.
to deliver.
nb:
rh::
n'b:
Le revealed.
he "will reveal.
2cl CLASS.
to reveal.
he inhabited.
he will inhabit.
to inhabit.
^2:
cr.
"?3
he approaciied.
he will approach.
Sd CLASS.
to approach.
he stood.
he will stand.
to fetaad.
^
air
liD
he surrounded.
he will surronnd.
to surronnd.
EXAMPLES AND EXCEPTIONS.
Ut Class. — 1. With nc^i are classed the g-eneralitv of Hebrew-
verbs; as, Indf. ip2 : fut. npr'5 inf. ipr; Indef. bap, fat. "^op' ; iof.
bop. Several verbs of this class occasioually iusert i ia the Fut. and
Inf.: as, tid'2"', iid?2. '2. With nb^ are classed verbs ending in n,
(termed in Lamed-he») : as, Indf. n::-:i ; fut. r\D'2'' ; inf. r7::D : Indf. nbv :
fut. nbv ; inf. npv .
2d Class. — 1 . With rc' are classed verbs beginning- with >, (termed
in Pbe-jodj : as, Indf. -id^ ; fut. id"' ; inf. niD : but ■pn>, ]\i"', tz", Ti% u^T,
occasionally prefix > to the fut. making bn", yz''"'', &c. and y-f, ib', nb%
xv% Ti', un^ a"i", omit n in the lufia. or supply its place by n ; as, irr
or nyn, for iiyi' 2. With '03, are classed verbs beginning with 3,
(termed in Phe-nun) ; Indf. pn3 ; fut. bis i'^*'- ribn : likewise, npb ;
fut. np'' : inf. nnp: and ynb ; fut. yrf; inf, .nyji.
3d Class. — 1. With rp are clas.^ed verbs having 1 or > in the middle,
(termed in Ain-vau, or Ain-jod); as, Indf. 3-' ; fut. d""!"' ; inf. zry : Indf.
b3 ; fut.b':' ; inf. b'3. 2. With no are classed verbs ending in a double
letter, (termed verbs doubliug Ain) ; as Indf. b3 or bb: ; fut. bi3' ;
inf. bi:.
* The original paradigm of the Hebrew Grammar having been the
verbbyEj the characters of this verb have been taken, iu their order,
to designate other verb?, according to the letters in which they begin,
end, &c. Thus Phe being the Jzrsf letter of bi'3, a verb beginning with
jod or nun, is termed in Fhe-jod, or Phe-nun ; Ain being the second
letter, a verb having jod or vau in the middle is termed in Ain-jod or
Ain-vau: and Lamed being the ^^"fl/ letter, a verb ending in He or
Aleph is termed in Lamed-he, orLamed-aleph.
14 HEBREW GRAMMAR.
1. OF MODE AND TENSE.
Hebrew Verbs possess three Modes ; viz. the Indicative,
the Infinitive, and the Imperative ; of which the Indicative
possesses an Indefinite and a Future Tense, but the Infinitive
and Imperative merely an Indefinite. As the Indicative
(with the Inf. Imperat. and Particles) forms three Conjuga-
tions*; viz. in the Active Kal, in the Passive Niphal, and in
the Middle Hithpael ; the Potential is supplied by two Con-
jugations, viz. in the Active Hiphel, and in the Passive Hophal.
They are regularly formed from the Indef. the Fut. and the
Infin. according to the annexed scale.
[The pointed Hebrew adds to the above, an Active Conju-
gation termed Piel, and a Passive termed Pual ; which are
merely the Conjugative Kal with a different punctuation.]
EXAMPLES.
Active Voices
Hiphil, Indef. ^Tcnrt
he got delivered.
Fut. T50;;
r .
.'.'
! ss
ic^
>-'^
c .
—
X. "U
ens
VP
S = ^
^ as
^% I V Kal, Part. pres.
I e
'-■'" ,— - — Part. nast.
he will get delivered.
got delivered,
delivering.
[r- - — Part- past. j -p,-^
t. delivered.
• Hebrew Grammarians have distributed the reg-ular verb into
seven Conju;j:atiour>, which, with the exception of the first, are termed
from the orig^inal paradig-n bys, according^ as this verb is differently
inflected and pointed. 1. ''P' ^aZ, with an active force ; 2. ^^\ Niphal,
its passive : 3. '"^P.^ Piel, with an intensitive force ; 4. ^C? Puat, its
pasysive : 5. "J^^^n, Hiphil, with a causative force ; 6. ^^'^'^ Hophal,
its passive; 7. '^??pn^', Hithpael, with a reflective force. As the
fej^ular verbs are pointed alike ; by means of the vowels in those
names, the points by which tlie Conjugations are distinguished, may be
easily remembered.
INFLEXION OF VERBS.
Passive Voice.
15
'?
Niphal, Indef.
he 1. delivered.
■
t
Fut.
he will be delivered.
3
Part. pres.
TDDJ
o
beiiig delivered.
^s
n
Hophal, iDdef.
TDon
tx'3
'
he is get delivered.
l"^.
,
Fut. ^
■^:
1=^
'
t»^^
he will be got delivered.
Z'^
o
"???
S^«
T
being got delivered.
c
Middle Voice.
o
rn
Hithpael, Indef.
he delivered himself.
n:
Fut.
■ocu?:
^
he will deliver himself.
^
Part. pres.
TDonp
Imperative and Infinitive,
.delivering himself.
•
Kal, Imperat. Indef.
'tcq
f.
deliver ; to deliver.
n
Niphal, Imp. & Inf. Indef.
iron
H
be delivered ; to be delivered.
'■TT
Hiphil, Imp. & Inf. Indef. ^
Tpon
get delivered, to get delivered.
to
n
Hophal, InBn. Indef.
IDOT}
to be got to deliver.
1
L
nrj
Hithpael,Imp. & Inf. Indf.
TDnnrj
I. '■
-deliver thyself, to deliver himself
[The pointed Hebrew adds to the foregoing the subjoined conju-
gations, which are merely Kal, with a different punctuation.
Piel.
(Active.)
Pual. (Passive.)
INDEF.
he delivered
INDEF.
■CO
he was delivered.
FVT.
•ISP',
^
FUT.
•©p: ^
he w'ill deliver
^
he will be delivered "£
PT.PRES.
•>syxi
i
PT.PRES.
■^DOD 1
delivering
being delivered •*
INF. &IMPER.
■^
>
INFIM.
TBO •*
to deliver.
tobedeliveTcd.
C2
10 HEBREW GRAMMAR.
EXCEPTIONS.
IN THE ACTIVE VOICE.
Verbs (of the 1st Class) in Lamed-he, and (of the 3d
Class) doubling Ain, drop ^ in Hiphil ; thus, nV:i, makes Hiph.
indf. n'^jn; fut. r^hyy. pt. nb^o: Inf. rf^^n. no, makes Hiph.
indf. 2pn ; fut. ap;: pt. app : Inf. apn. Verbs (of the 2d Class)
in Phe-jod, change ^ into i, and those in Phe-nun drop :, in
Hiphil, thus nm^ makes Hiph. indf. r^in; fut. a^iin' ; pt. atno :
Inf. Tiriin: u^J J makes Hiph. indf. ^zj'arr ; fut. iij^*, pt. •c^^o : Inf.
tj^sn. Verbs (of the 3d Class) in Ain-jod, Ain-vau, drop i in
the pres. part. Kal ; as Dp pt. pres. o;? pt. past. aip.
IN THE PASSIVE VOICE.
Verbs (of the 2d Class) in Phe-jod insert ) after the first
letter in Niphal and Hophal ; thus, nm*' makes Niph. indf.
aizji3 ; fut. 3\Dv : pt. i^>i3 : Inf. iicvi : Hoph. indf. yi^n ; fut. yw ;
pt. 3tt5iD. Inf. npin; but verbs in Phe-nun retain i, in the Indie,
fut. and Inf. Niphal ; thus u;:ii makes Niph. fut. cjr; pt. ttj2a:
Inf. \r:2n. Verbs (of the 3d Class) doubling Ain omit "i in
Niphal, and change ^ of the fut. into i in Hophal; thus nno
makes Niph. indf. apj; fut. ap^: pt. 303: Inf. apn: Hoph. indf.
apin ; fut. ap^-* : pt. apita : Inf. apin.
IN THE MIDDLE VOICE.
Verbs of the 3d Class double their final letter in Hithpael ;
thus Dp makes Hithp. indf. npipH'^ ? f^t. noipnS pt. opipno: Inf.
npvnn. Verbs, of every class, which begin uith the sibilants,
D, u;, T, y, transpose these letters between nn, prefixed to this
voice; but change n into "r after r, and into \d after y ; as. no,
Hithp. indf. aairipn; fut. aainp:; pt. aainpn: far, Hithp. indf.
ps^; fut. p^r; pt. |wip : I"f« ]rDi!jn- But Verbs beginning
with 1, 'Xi, n, J, omit n of the prefix, before those letters, [which
in the pointed Hebrew are absorbed by Dages :] as, nai.
Hithp. indf. >T3in; fut. i|t ; pt. -i3TO.
The Imperative Mode is the same as the Infinitive ; but
Verbs of the 2d Class drop n in the Imperative; as nu;\
Imper. a\^ ; ^Ji? Imper. t:.
INFLEXION OF VERBS. 17
2. OF NUMBER AND PERSON.
The Tenses of Hebrew Verbs are regularly inflected in
number and person, according to the subjoined scheme.
1 pers.
c. „.
pers-
"irpn-
c. .
INDICATIVE
MODE.
Indefinite
PLliR.
SING.
4 per<.
3 pers.
1 pers.
2 pers.
3 pers.
1
■y-i
•■CD
•159
•^^9
-nCO- -.CQ
KAL.
-cp-
--cp-
•"F?-
"">?Q"
--C*?- -Cp-2
XIPH.
■^•
--ppn-
-pDn-
-TCp-
■nrp- ir;:p-r|
HIPH.
T?'
-n^Q'
-TCO-
■■^"
-^rrs- irp-rt
JHOPH.
•-cp-
-n^- i
-nsa-
nSO-
■irr3- nrT2-nn
HITHP.
f- ;r!- m. en
c.r i
1
C. ,.T,.
f. p,- m. RI-
f.n ^-
Future.
P1.U
R.
SING.
2 pers.
3 pers.
1 1 pers.
2 pers.
3 pers. ,
■n -n
■n -'»
9
■n -n
-n -; :
-ipo -nrp-
-■pn* -pg-
Tbp-
•TCQ- -CD.
'nt?-
KAL.
■T?'- ■•^■
■y^- ■^^
•^■
•TQ- t:^-
IPD-
MPH.
7?P. •■»'?9:
-iro" --irp-
1'^-
"T^l '''^'
iro-
HIPH,
-TTp^ -nrti-
■"cp- -Tcp-
iro-
-■)cp-^ "cp-
^^■
HOPH.
■vron- -iDon
-lopn— \c:pn-
-lEon-
-nron- n^rrsn-
i^ton-
HITHP.
f.-c- miV
f. nr m. ,-
c .
if.,m.V
f. * .■
IMPERATIVE iMODE.
PLUR.
SING.
2 pers.
•■^tp- -cp-
2
pers.
KAL.
■^:=^-
■^vo; i
■^;
■^^•n.
XIPH.
■1-n-
^Vo- i
1W
icp-rr
IHIPH.
••^'5-
m. ,
HITHP
lu iu fleeting the above tenses, the termination, which is placed iu
the lowest line, and which is common to all the Conjugations, is added
to the diflferent persons, proceeding from the right hand to the left j
as, Indef. Kal. Sing. 3 p. m. ido. f. mnn: 2 p.m. mDO, f. mro : 1 p.
-Ti-iDO, cfec. But in the Indefinite, the characteristick of the conjuga-
tion placed on the right side of the line 3, rr, nri; must be prefixed to
C 3
18
HEBREW GRAMMAR.
every person ; as, Niph. Indef. Siu^. 3 p. m. ncni, f. niDas : 2 p. m.
rnD02, f mD03 : 1 p. •'mDns, &c. Aad in the Future, the character -
istick of the person ••, n, x, 3, placed on the upper line, must be, in like
manner, prefixed to every person ; as Kal. Fut. S'mg;. 3 p. m. nnn*, f.
iv~2r\ : 2 p. m. noan, f. nvori : 1 p. nonj^. An asterism in the lowest
line indicates that the pers. admits of no increase ; as Kal. sing. 3 p. m.
jndf. idq: fut. -iDa\
[To the above tenses, the pointed Hebrew adds the Connjugations,
Pie! and Pual, which are inflected like Kal, but take Dages in the se-
cond radical. The Indefinite of both conjug-ations is pointed like that
of Kal ; but that the Jirst radical of each instead of (^) retains its
characieristick vowel; viz. Piel (.) and Pual (J, as; Pi. "CO, Pu. ^?P'
The Future (with the imperative) of Piel takes the final vowels of Hith-
pael ; as, fut. "^n)p^, imper. "'?'?: but the Future of Pual (which wants
the lanperative) takes those of Hophal, unless that the first radical re-
tains the characteristic vowel iO of the conjugation, as, '''5'PN These
conjug-ations may be consequently supplied with ease, Irom the above
scheme.]
EXCEPTIONS.
IN THE PREFIX t^, OF THE FUTURE.
Verbs beginning with t^, (termed in Phe-aleph) omit
this letter after the prefix of the Future ; as Fut. 1 p. sing.
b:fii, lor bDx^.
IN THE TERMINATIONS BEGINNING WITH J, D.
Verbs ending in :, n, drop those letters, in order to prevent
a repetition of the same letter in the terminations, iJ, n), and
n, Ti, on, |n : [marking the omission by Dages] as Kal. ^33,
Fut. 3 p. f. pi. n2J2n, for n^m-^: Kal. n^Q, Indf. 2 p. sing, to, for
nnp ; I p. '•nn, for ""nno: foi omits \ also before n.
IN THE TERMINATIONS OF VERBS ENDING IN H, ^<.
Verbs of the 1st Class, ending in n (except nn:j, non, hqd,
n:ii,) change this letter into ">, before the terminations begin-
ning with a consonant, but omit it before those in 1, and change
it into n before those in n. The same analogy is observed in
the Imperative ; as,
INDEFINITE.
■%
"•^?
■^3
w^-3
KAL.
NIPH
12
V °o"-
■V
V
n- n"
n"
* 1
•3
INFLEXION OF VERBS.
future.
n
•• 1
■«
•n -n
'').^
■'^\
nb:
">^ ^?,
■^3
•V
nba
rhi' nVr
"2
H
• 1 ; •
IMPERATIVE.
i!
'73
1? ^'? 1
KAL.
il
V
)r rt?2n
NIPH
np
V
/
•
19
nb2
KAL.
NiPH.
After the form of Niphal are inflected Hiphil, Hoplial and
Hithpael ; by substituting n. n, nrt. for the prefix J in the Inde-
finite ; and annexing the proper characteristicks in the Future :
[Piel and Pual follow the inflexion of Kal ; and each Conju-
gation should be assigned the regular pointing.]
Verbs ending in fc^, frequently follow the same analogy ;
omitting the final «, or changing it into n; as, Indf. 1. p.
-n^jo, for \n«:|>o ' Fut. 1 . p. rhy for irp].
IN THE TERMINATIONS OF VERBS ENDING IN A DOUBLE
LETTER.
Verbs of the 3d Class (doubling A in) assume i before the
terminations beginning with n, j ; but ^ before those in nj.
Indefinite,
'2D '30
-3D: '3C-.
'12V ^nv Dni-
■3D
-3D
"20-
•2D-.
•V
>nv
■3D -30
-3D- 2D-
: :
ni- nV
IMPERATIVE.
3D-
n-
3D2
KAL.
NIPH.
30
-3D-
31D
•3D-
V
31D
•3D-
3^D
2srr
KAL.
NIPH.
After the form of Niphal are inflected Hiphil, Hophal and
Hithpael, by substituting n, in, nn for the prefix 1 in the indefi-
nite ; and annexing the proper characteristicks in the Future :
which makes 2 and 3 p. pi. nrjsn.
Verbs of the same class, (in Ain-vau, Ain-jod,) follow the
20 HEBREW GRAMMAR.
analogy of the above verbs in the Indef. Niphal, but are
regularly inflected in Kal ; as, Kal. Indef. sing, op^, rrop^:
nrss, nop: >npp. : pi. top,, &c. reg. Niph. Dips, rro"^?;: nioT?,
nio^s : Wp3,*&c. as 3d:. [Piel and Pual, in all verbs of the
3d Class, following the analogy of Hithpael, double the final
radical; as Piel, saio: Doip ; Pual, anio: Dpip. In both Con-
jugations, as appears in these examples, the vowel (0 absorbs
the proper characleristicks (.) and (. ), and is preserved through
all the persons of the Indf. and Fut.]
The above exceptions, (which relate almost exclusively to
verbs which begin or end with the characteristic vowel of a
prefix or termination) being set out of the case, all Verbs may
be inflected, in Person, and Number, regularly, according
to the prefixed scheme, {supr. p. 17.)
[Verbs of the second class, in Phe-nun, as they drop the first
radical, omit the vowel point (,) with which it is properly
attended ; as, Indf. Niph. t??? (for tea:?) ; Hiph. 'Qs^ip_, (for t:\::n) :
but in Hoph. they follow the common pointing of Pual ; as
\c2n, for wmh: and in Kal, they substitute (-), for () under the
second radical, which is changed into (••), when a vowel is
subjoined by inflecting; as Fut. 3 p. ^jy, (for ^jy), f. ^ran, (for
tJS:ri) : 2 p. f. ^ppn, (for >tp3:n), pi. 2 p. m. wsn, (for iirpsn), &c.
Verbs in Phe-jod take under the two first letters, Fut. Kal. the
point (-), which is changed into (0, under the first radical,
when a vowel is added in inflecting ; as, Fut. 3 p. ^x^_, f. atfn,
2. p. a\pn, f. >nc:n, &c. : in the Indef. they are regularly pointed^
as 1% m-©;, &c. The pointing of Niph. Hiph. Hoph. have
been already described : in Piel, Pual, Hithpael, verbs of the
3d Class are regularly pointed.]
The Irregular Verbs of the Hebrew language are properly
those which, from beginning in ^ or :, and ending in n,
exhibit a defect in the first and last radical. But the irregu-
larity of those verbs creates no difficulty ; as they follow verbs
in Phe-jod, or Phe-nun, as far as respects the first radical, arid
those in Lamed-he, as far as respects the second ; they are
thus easily reduced under the exceptions of verbs to the 1st
and 2d Class, according as the irregularity to which they are
INFLEXION OF VERBS. 21
subject consists in the formation of their tenses or persons,
which always depends on the innitial or final letters.
Of Imperfect Verhs the Hebrew possesses a considerable
number ; as the only book in which the language is extant
contains but a comparatively limited number of examples in
which a verb is exhibited in every variety of inflexion. The
defect of these verbs may be, of course, legitimately supplied,
by analogy ; on following the rules already laid down for the
formation and inflexion of the three classes, under which they
may be easily reduced, and according to the scheme of which
they may be regularly inflected.
Of Impersonal Verbs, tr, or nir"', sometimes written \e>»,
only requires to be noticed. It is invariable, and equally
signifies, it is, and they are, being indiflferently used in both
numbers.
The Auxiliary Verb requires a more detailed description,
on account of the use to which it is applied, in supplying the
place of compound tenses. It is accordingly inflected as
follows :
Indicative,
.rrviJ j n3"rrn vr^r\ \ n2"nn vn^
Infinitive.
rr'irr Part, nvn, th, n\n ixdef.
In Niphal occurs Indef. HMi and Part. pres. n^i: : but the
other tenses and conjugations are not in use, and the final n of
the Fut. Kal. is frequently omitted. The analogy of this verb
is likewise followed, by n^n, he lives. [Both r^^ and rrn are
pointed as verbs in Laraed-he.]
Having thus far treated of the Inflexion of Nouns and
\^erbs, it only remains that we should consider their depen-
dance upon one another in composition. Those parts of Speech
which are included under the common term Particles will be
found classed and explained in the Vocabulary annexed to
the present Gramatical Analysis ; their use and influence upon
the other parts of speech are particularly discussed in the sub-
joined section.
.Ti^n ri^n j nn\T rr^n
IXDEF,
.n^N 'Vir> r^^ryr^ \ n^'nry n\T
FUT. '
Imperative.
n3"rr rn : "n n^n
I.VDEF.
22 HEBREW GRAMMAR.
III. OF SYNTAX.
As in the order of discussion, the first part of Inflexion
respects the variation of Nouns, the first part of Syntax respects
their agreement or concordance.
OF NOUNS.
The Adjective^ (whether it be noun", pronoun'' or parti-
ciple*^,) agrees with the substantive'', which it qualifies, in
gender and number.
Examples. »D5n**p. a wise son: *nbna '^^r\r^/, a great woman ;
»nQVur'*p{<, a just weight, ''onrr D^n^a, in these days; *=")n35 <^»1D2,
chosen silver 5 *^r)'?3u'n nu'x, an intelligent woman.
Exceptions. 1. If the Adjective* qualifies two or more
substantives'*, connected by a coputative, it is put in the plural,
2. If those substantives are of different genders, it is put in
the masculine plural*^ ; it, however, frequently agrees with
the noun*^ which is nearest. 3. If the word thing be the sub-
stantive agreeing with the adjective, it" is put in the feminine
most commonly'*. Numerals in the Sing.^ are joined with plur,
substantives ; and contrariwise, in the plur.^ with sing, sub-
stantives ; and when numerals of both numbers are joined, the
substantive agrees with the smaller''.
Examples. 1. =»D'Ni3n nnbu' '''iii ^^2J<, I and my Son Solomon having
sinned. 2. '^O'aiu mvm D'pn, good statutes and precepts, •^^nnni ''B^<
^n'^n'i, my anger and my fury poured out. 3. ^nyn 'by Dnn^rn Dn^<, you
conceived against me evil ; ^nwp "isriN in, he spoke with us harsh
things : (nnb mf<n r>vr\ ^^nio Nb, it is not (a) good (thing) that the man
should be alone.) oobD*^nynj<, four kings ; hdu' b'Qi-iu'y, twenty years :
(D'pnv D^u'on, fifty just persons.) u^'n ^nu'om D'3Dir, eighty and 6ve
men ; rrau; Donu;i''\yVu', eighty and three years.
The Noun in regimen*^ precedes the substantive which it
, governs, by its change of termination, by the particle n, or
merely by its juxtaposition. The Adjective" generally follows
the substantive which it qualifies ; but numerals" are indifferently
prefixed or subjoined to their substantives, and have that^ which
expresses the smallest number generally placed first.
Examples, bxiu'^ =''2pT, the elders of Israel; O'^nn ayy* ^^^ tree of
SYNTAX OF NOUNS. 23
life: D^n* *1iN5 length of days, ^nprrr n^ thestronghand ; Ninrr Dva, In
that day; ^]>nD ii, an intelli<j[ent son. m3i '^□^U'Vu'i, Qon ^dVt^t, thirty
sons and tbirty daughters : naii' ni?<n ^jnrm n:c' o^u'irt **i>iyn ra^b^, all his
days (were) nine and sixty years and ninety years.
In simple or absolute comparison, likD is used to express
very'', and a repetition of the positive'' to express most ; m is
used to express much", and 7«d m, 7Ha T^<D, veri/ 77jmc^,
in comparison.
Examples. ^TN-ra n"H3 nam, and behold ("it was) very good : ''pr^y ^p^y
ONVn' 'c, it is most deep ; who will find it : i3i:'S3 nV nyau' Tim, our
soul (is) much satiated : ^inr: tntsi lovy b?<T^''' '3m, and the children of
Israel were strengthened very much : ^in^ m nnii, and very mucb
gold.
The comparison of equality is expressed simply by the par-
ticle D', prefixed to the latter of the terms which are compared.
Examples. ='non3 mn, ^'niiVa ns^, fair as the moon, bright as the
sun.
1. The Comparison of excess is expressed simply by D, fO",
prefixed to the latter of the terms compared ; these particles
supplying the place of the comparative termination, and of
than, the adverb of excess. 2. But oj^ in superlative phrases,
is sometimes expressed by 3, and aboKe in comparative'^, by
?!?, 7 : these particles being used in the same manner as fD, Q.
3. The particles m, tcra are used to express much, little,
before a substantive^ ; with which they are generally made to
agree^, as adjectives. 4. A superlative force is frequently
given, by adding one of the Divine names*^ to the noun which
is used in the lightest degree.
Examples. 1. nna ^Tivikts, 'D''1U'20 ibp, swifter than eagles, stron-
ger than lions. 2. ''d'U'32 ns', fairest among women : Vinnn mxn
''D'p3yi, a man the greatest amongthe Anakims : y-ij^'^Obnb jvby, higher
than the Kings of the earth : D''"ia 'b'D bv iv'jy, higher than all the na-
tions. 3. piN'i f)D3rr ''n O, that (there was) much money in the chest ;
D^T '^wn- D'fTi'':Q y-is:! '^T^, and he dwelt in the land of the Philistines
many days: D^n ''tayn N3 np'', let a little water, I pray, be fetched ;
D'Oyn'^*]nm rn^ p Vy, therefore let thy words be few. 4. ba^ m\ rT-sayi,
and its boughs (were) the mighty cedars: I33"»na nriN D^nbN^ N'U'3, thou
(art) a mighty prince in the midst of us: r^irr'^^^vy lyiU''', the mighty
trees shall abound (in sap.}
24 HEBREW GRAMMAR.
OF THE ARTICLE.
The Article is employed for emphasis or distinction, and is
accordingly used in Hebrew, as it is in English^, to qualify
a noun which is generally known'', or previously mentioned''.
It is prefixed to the word which it modifies, and which suffers
no change, but that of sense, by the connexion.
Examples, ^pj^-i^'^otya ''O'-ntrn ^btoo, of the dew of (the) heavens,
and of the fatness of (the) earth : "nsn iu'n ^mnn b^i, and all the wells
which they had digged.
OF THE PRONOUNS.
Pronouns Substantive, with reference to composition,
are distinguishable into two kinds; viz. Conjunctive and Dis'
junctive. The former are so called, from their close con-
nexion with the verb, as immediately joined to it, in the accu-
sative : the latter are so called from their remote reference to
it, as separated from it, in the nominative. The former are
easily distinguished, by their conjunction with the verb; the
latter by their disjunction from it.
The construction of the Conjunctive Pronouns is attended
with no difiiculty, as they are merely subjoined to the word
which they modify, according to the rule previously laid down,
for connecting them, (supr. p. 11. I. 26. seq.) In using these
pronouns, it may be laid down as a general rule, that verbs
follow the analogy of nouns, in changing final n fem. of the
Indef. into n ; they likewise change final n: of the Fut. and D
f of the Indef. into ) *, and if they are of the 1st Class and in
Lamed-he, they omit their final n, before the pronoun ; the
conjunctives'), n, (assuming n , },) are frequently written in, 12^,
n3^, and the Conjunctives '3, 7, in, frequently prefix I after the
Future. But not only this rule, but the construction of those
pronouns will be best understood, by the subjoined scales, in
which they are disposed in their proper order.
In rcadin/»- the scales, the modified word, which lies to the ri^ht,
maybe connected, in order, with all the Pronouns, which lie to the
left, accordinj^ to the meanihg" which the writer wishes to express ; as,
"•iiDQ, he gave or delivered me; linon, he oave ns ; *|"iDn, he g-ave
thee ; '^'yon, he j^ave him, &c. '•imDn, she g^ve me ; ismna, she gave
us ; nmon, she gave thee, &c. It is almost superfluous to observe
SYNTAX OF NOUNS.
25
that Verbs in the first or second person are not used with Pronouns y
in the same person, as the combination •would be nonsense. ''^'-
[It is to be observed, that the great body of Verbs are pointed like
the subjoined example : and that the three persons plur. of the Indef.
and all the persons of the Fut. possess the same points. The ordinary
vowel-points prefixed to the conjunctives (supr. p. II.) are generally
used in connecting' those particles with the Verb, they being placed
under its final letter 5 though they are wholly absorbed by final % ^, as
will appear in the annexed example.]
Examples. Indef. 3 p. in. ^^aj f. -p-^b: 2 p. m. prgo^j ^- D-VKi^-
1 P- c. >rnco^: PI- 3 p. c. ^-^i 2 p. m. cm^n?'- '• p-s: 1 P- c- w^do''-
Fut. 3 p. m. •T^r,"'^
tion as follows ;
us, me -,2 >3
thee .-, Tj
her, him -^ i;^
you -p 23
them
■)D
2 p. f. n:"6Dn'^' lofin. and Imper. ifurjl : in conjunc-
he gave-
she gave,
thou g.ivest.
I will give.
Give ; to give.
>n-r«D<^«
us, me
•^.1
I (thoii) gave.
W
thee
•n-1-
they gave.
1
^•Ti;rps
her, him
■^^ \
ye gave.
^D^.^
you
*?.°5.
we gave.
v: .:
^icon'^
them
l.=.
ye will give.
[Exceptions. In the subjoined instances there is a depar-
ture from the simplicity of the preceding form ; the 3d pers. of
the Indef. changing its pointing, on the one hand ; and the
Fut. Infin. and Imperat. taking conjunctives which prefix not
only ; , but 2... n.., on the other.
us, me
I will give.
you
•J3 D3
he gave.
her, him
"•" ' 1 Give.
us, me
•^3 'I
she gave
them
'^ To give.
them, thee
•°, n..
she gave.
It must be observed, that, in the right compartment, the
verb is only used with the pronouns in the same line, as ap-
pears from the omission of the bracket,]
The Disjunctives. ''J^*, nntk, ^*^^, &c. are merely used
when the Pronoun^ which modifies the Verb, is in the nomina-
tive. Consequently when a preposition or like particle comes
D
26 HEBREW GRAMMAR.
between the verb and pronoun, the latter*' must be a conjunc-
tive, and assigned the force of a substantive. The Disjunc-
tives'^ are, on the other hand, sometimes assigned the force of
adjectives, in which case, they follow their substantives, and
take an article.
Examples, ynbs m,T*^^3^<, I (am) the Lord thy God; bs ]n3 "ln^f^•^
U'^'sri ^nriN Tn, and Nathan said unto David, thou (art) the man ; nn^'i
i>K^r^ mns and he said, it (is) the Lord ; ^N^rr ^mnx, she (is) my sister;
^^b ia!<, I will tell (to) him ; ^"p QbiV', he -will repay (to) tbee; wribs
n?ry *nr\>f nu^N bDi ^'I^Vj God is with thee, in all that thou doest :
^on^bK 'jbu'^f, I will send thee unto them. '^NVin nv^, in that time;
Dnn D''Q''a, in those days.
The Reciprocal Pronoun is supplied in Hebrew by the Dis-
junctives, the third person* Win, b^""*"! being subjoined, with
such a force, to the first and second. A reciprocal force is
also expressed by the word^ Dy]?, applied to things, and mD),
applied to persons.
Examples. ^Kin>3J<— IWNt ni.T^3N, I the Lord, the first, — I myself;
Obo 'Mn nriN, thou thyself art my king, nirr Dvn Dvya, in that very
same day ; biu^sji ni.T Oin yntra, the Lord God has sworn by himself.
Pronouns Adjective, with reference to composition, are
distinguishable into two kinds; viz. Conjunctive and Dis-
junctwe. The former may be so called, from their close con-
nexion with the substantive ; as they are united with it in one
word : the latter may be so called, from their remote reference
to it, as standing by themselves. Of the former kind are the
Conjunctives already described, as united, with the force of
substantives, to the verb ; of the latter kind are all other pro-
nouns with which substantives can be connected, as adjectives.
Of Pronouns Adjective, 1. The demonstrative*^ present no
difficulty in the construction ; and, as in English, they acquire
distributive force when opposed to one another''. 2. The pos-
sessive pronouns present no other difficulty, than that it is not
at first obvious, whether they are to be understood in an active'^
or passive'* signification ; which is only to be determined by
the sense or context.
Examples. l.'o^yu'T '^nbN n3n, lo ! these (are) the wicked. ^Trr'Nip^i
^Ttt bN, and the one (this) said to the other (that) : ^rhn 33na ^nbN
SYNTAX OF PRONOUNS.
27
t)ti"'Di, these in a chariot, those on horses. 2. r\ti ■•nynu'— mn^ ID?* n3
'^inbsn, thus saith the Lord — I have heard thy prayer : n^an D^nnnwi
'*^*i'7Dn, and I will exhilarate in the house of my prayer.
[The difficulty which attends the construction of the Posses-
sive Pronouns in the pointed Hebrew, and which arises from
the change that the Noun undergoes, in its connexion with the
Conjunctive, may be easily overcome by attending to the fol-
lowing scale, which is constructed on the same principle as
that of the Verb and Conjunctive (supr. p. 25.) and is to b.e
read, or decyphered, in the same manner.
Examples, ^ai^ word ; ^^, king ; n2p^p> Aock ; -n^j strait ; njrT^?
*'*&^t; -p3i«, earth : in copj unction as follows:
Plur. Sing.
my »
"^m "^ords.
my
»
nm word.
her, his ^y^
3'^ kings.
3j^ flocks.
thy
her, his
n. %
Dbo king.
:p3 flock.
our ^:^^ "
.^!n^ straits.
our
; '
j^ns strait.
your |3>_ c3>
their »n^ z:tv
niim rights.
nioi« earths.
your
their
1°,
np^ii right.
noT« earth.
Exceptions. Nouns having a mas. termination change the
vowels of their two first radicals into (:•) when prefixed to the
plural conjunctives d3, ]3, en, jn ; as ^- DDn^T 5 '3- c^^?.'?^]
Participles, in their connection with the same Pronouns, follow the
analogy of nouns ; but that they assume 2 before .% and H before \ after
the analogy of verbs ; as, Pt. pres. sing. 'P^P^O, giving me ; ^?piQ, giv-
ing thee ; ^">cnQ or i^^io, giving him ; Plur. 'IP^'^^ giving me ; ^!!9'"2,
giving thee, &c. Pt. past, sing. Vl^DO, having given me ; 'j^''^? having
given thee ; y^OO having given thee, &c. [They are regularly pointed
when in conjunction, as in the foregoing examples : Pt. pres. "'P'"-' j P*«
past, "1^ : but before ^> D3, |3, the second radical changes (,) into
<J; a8l?-Wl?9''0.]
Of the Pronouns Relative, 1. *in?b* answers to who, when
it is applied to persons^, and to which, what, when it is ap-
plied to persons or things^ : in both senses it is sometimes
supplied by the article n*=, by the interrogative na*^, and the
b 2
28 HEBREW GRAMMAR.
personal t*in^. 2. As at which, by which, in which, of which,
&c. can be turned into whereat, wherein, whereby, &c. they
are often expressed by the relative^, with this adverbial force.
3. The pronoun imt* also answers to that^; and is used in
Hebrew, as that in English, to supply the place of a conjunc-
tion*'. The demonstrative pronouns ni, iy, which answer to
this, that, are frequently substituted for the relative', and in-
differently applied to persons or things. 4. u? no is synony-
mous with that which^, also rendered m «in', when taken
relatively to an antecedent phrase. The relative, in this com-
pounded form, is generally supplied by a participle"*, which
includes in itself, the force of the pronoun and verb ; in this
form it is used to express he who, she who, they, w^hich, in
reference to an antecedent, are expressed by imi^ t^in, W^n"
"WD^, &c. and sometimes simply by iiL>t^°. As either term^
is modified by different prepositions, it expresses, to (with,
against) him who, her who, them who, &c. The genius of
the Hebrew will admit of the relative's being suppressed*!
even more frequently than would be tolerated in English, con-
sistently with the propriety of the language.
EXAMPLES. 1. nnyua ^^^^n *]^3'l, and thy strang-er who is within thy
gates: nny nnn2 ^~\z^h nu'^n, the woman whom thou gavest (to be)
with me : Dn^asb D'UTi ^-\Wii D'USU'nn rha, these (are) the judgments
which you shall set before your faces : bii^^aw \:)'npr\rt^ bDi, and all
that Samuel had consecrated : 'jb ^m^m ''3N1' ^nn im, and the word
which he will shew me, I will declare to thee : PNin wy r\Vi^r\ nbn
DTTN, these (are) the generations of Esau, who (he) is Edora. 2. ninyi
"rrt YH '^"lU'N IV D^pnn, and he stood in a narrow place wherein (in
which) no way (was) : b^ity' ^33 im hu'N rii'-\r:i ■•a rran, these (are) the
waters of strife, at which the children of Israel strove : dddu' du.' n'pni'i
lyow^ Nb ^i^a, and let us confound there their tongue, whereby they
will not understand. 3. crntn ]n npV STI'n nVvn n^, the rib that he
had taken from the man : nin> Nin'^ i\vn nr\b i^n, he told them that he
was a Jew : 1200 'it nii'-ii, in the net w hich they hid : >V ^~nv^ 'ii oy, the
people which I formed for myself. 4, n^n^ii' '^f^^r rr\Ti' '^no, that which
is (is) that which shall be ; nuru' \H^r^ nxDV^i"^ ''nn, that which is done
(is) that which shall be done, up''^ "'Dn^ian wn^ they who transgress
causelessly shall be shamed; ma nu'N "Nin D\ib.vn U'^x nnN"""), and
he said (it is) the man of God, he who disobeyed ; ^-\^Hb tiDV ^D^fn
inn by, and Joseph said to him who (was) over his house: m>T niD
VN-)>y , the secret of the Lord (is) with those fearing (them who fear)
him ; y-| >tt'yi'' mrr^ ^3d, the face of the Lord is against those doing
(them who do) evil. bySM nnu'i bs'% and he is fallen into the trench
SYNTAX OF PRONOUNS. 29
1[ which) he has made : ynu'H "•nyr s\ ns\i', the tongue (which) I know
not I will hear ; tt^i |n3 ib ti^^ bD', and all (which) was his, he gave
into his hand : 'V mn' rnr'y ^irn "nnyi, because of that (which) the Lord
did to me.
Of Indeterminate Pronouns, the Hebrew generally sup-
plies the use by other pronouns, or nouns, which present no
difficulty in the construction. Thus Vd expresses all, whole,
every^ ; f^, no, none^ ; "tD fH, not any thing''; ^*^^, the
same^; "int^, another, other^ ; noit^a, any thing, something^;
on^iir, hoth^. A repetition of a noun in the sing, expresses
each^; but in the plur. expresses many^; '':oVt>* ^jVd, 5-«cA
and such\ &c. tii>^5 Vd, all that which^; ^^« a'^^*, who-
ever^; iu?i^ lP''^*, whosoever"^; Ti>^^ U?^N Vd, t£.7iai ?nan soever"";
not^n Vd, a«i/ ^/jzng- whatever, all whateve}-°, <tc.
Examples, nonva in3 vi^'"! '^"^jI, and all the country came into
Egypt ; "1 vn m^n ^ba ^rwv't, and all the daughters of the song shall be
"brought low ; &':3n cmnx *|nn n\Ti, and the Lord blessed Abraham in
every thing, yia^. ^ya '^•''ni, and no man (is) in the earth ; b]\y?3 ^iri ain
noriD ^rxm OT?<, it shall be desolate 5 with no man, and with no beast:
ys'i Ti^b "!p% let it look for light, and (there be) none. ^2^ bD TiDno ^••■j^^
(there is) no defect of any (every) thing : n^^f nz'z:) cn O b3 "^vn U'"iV%
and to the poor (man) not any thing except one lamb, rx anon '^ntt
nb'inn y')H a'«73, the same (is) that compassing the whole land of Havi-
lah ; rrp^ ^']ns -isyi — errnnx c^ii^? inbi, and they shall take other stones
— and ho shall take other mortar, ^nmj^n ib ryn n^i, and do not to
him any thing. ?cn'3'»' r\H TpT'', and he transfixed both; tns^ npi
*'mDO ntao, and take from them a rod, a rod, (each a rod). rn\ 'i^vi
ionnn Di-cn, and they gathered them in heaps heaps (many heaps) :
j'sob?* ^sbs 2ipn bK '•nynv Dny:n n\i, and I have appointed my lads to
such and such a place: -[y-i*? '^ycs bDi, and all that which (is) thy
neighbour's: pnx vijt:^ h-^'S ^u-n, whoever (each man) of the seed of
Aaron : pu- b2i y2' ™^U'^f \:'"'^f ik, or whoever (the man who) shall touch
any reptile: DDynt bDQ mp' "Tr^ u-^n bD, what man soever (every man
•who) shall approach of thy seed : onr^'NO Vd ns ris~\ ~aDn ri^a t^' ri>;
rra, neither (was) the governour of the prison house looking to any-
thing whatever (which was) in his hand.
0( Pronouns Interrogative, ^n, who, is used disjunctively^,
rjo, what, conjunctively^ or disjunctive!}''; the former being
applied to persons, the latter to things ; though this rule is
not without exceptions^. The latter of those pronouns is
sometimes joined with D, and thus expresses, how many, how
greaV; and both are frequently modified by V, n, o, and other
b 3
30 HEBREW GRAMMAR.
prepositions^ Whose? of whom? to ^ from, and with whom?
are rendered by ^''dV, ""Da, ^a Vt*, ^a nt«* ; though le'Aose is
sometimes expressed merely by subjoining ""a to its antece-
dent\
Examples. D3"i^n riNT irpi ^^n, who has sought this at your hands ?
ns^Siyn ay2 nbi^ ^■'O, who (are) these (that) fly as a cloud? t33\r'n 'Tra
rihv lU'X u;'xn, what sort of a man (is he) who came up ? nynnn b"ip *^nD
Dnnyn rrsnni nrn nbn^n, what (is the) noise of this g-reat shouting- in
the camp of Hebrews ? iddn *nnni D2b nxuva cnra, what shall I do for
you, and with what shall I expiate? y^w **"'D, what (is) your name?
*]"n ^au' 'a> ^nna, how many (what are) the days of the years of thy
life? D^ij waT ^nnb, for what (why) did the heathen rag-e ' ynx ^1031
n^tt'T'N O, and by what (whereby) shall I know, that I shall inherit it ?
INvn oyn nui33 '^•'O byi, and with whom hast thou left those few sheep ?
iiy ^3-1 *'nn by, for what (why) should ye be stricken any more? S'nV
*|^3D nV^ B'nbi *]bn nSN nn^<, whose (art) thou, whither wilt thou go, and
whose (are) these before thy face? h')''H S'-on 'yu''! mx mn^, the Lord
(is) my light and my salvation, from whom shall I fear? ^y^--^ ^^n ^K
ibn^i, to whom art-thou-like in thy greatness ? hVn ids r'< ^^ "^f> ^^^^
whom (are) not (the same) as these? ''nnp^ ■•a '^Tiom ^nnpb •'O *'-|W
TipU'y s-iD nj<, whose ox have I taken, and whose ass have I taken,
whom have I defrauded ?
OF VERBS.
[ In Concordance. 1. Every Verh^ has a noun^% (either a
I substantive or a pronoun, expressed, or understood.) for its no-
I minative, with which it agrees, in number, person, and gender.
\ 2. If two or more nouns'^ singular are nominative to a verb,
it must be plural ; provided they are connected by a conjunc-
tion copulative, and their joint force falls on the verb*^, by
which they are followed. 3. If two or wore nouns', of dif-
ferent persons, are nominative to a verb*^, it must agree with
that in the first person, rather than that in the second ; and
with that in the second, rather than that in the third. All
substantives are of the third person ; pronouns only can be of
the first or second as well as of the third.
Examples. 1. •>b ''-inNn— •'b^< =ni a^rtburt ''u;>n, a man of God came
unto me, and said unto me ; rTU''^f a-iONm I'nu'Nn ^szin\ and the woman
came, and told her husband. 2. <']v'7Di clibno nn^U' oa ''"ina^i, and
IMahlon and Chiliondied also both of them. 3. hNUTi '^r\n e^'in enMNi
DDin^nD ]iy ns, and thou and thy sons with thee shall bear the iniquity
of thy priesthood.
SYNTAX OF VERBS. 31
Exceptions. 1. If two or more nouns of the same person
govern a verb''^, and are connected or disjoined by a conjunc-
tion, the verb may agree with that which is next it^, or that
which is most worthy"^. 2. When a collective noun*^ singular
governs a verb^, it may be put in the plural ; particularly if
the nominative governs another noun^ in the plural. 3. The
relative^ must be made the nominative to the verb'' if no noun
comes between them ; and if it agrees with a pronoun', it go-
verns the verb in the person of the substantive.
Examples, 1. imn vji >u'3"i ^nz's^ rsni ^ns ^nv^', and Noah came
out, and his sous, and his wife, and his sons' wives with him ; tnuxn
rf'iiNb ^rrnn nnb'i} the wife and her children shall be her master^s:
■nirrnr onioi — nsbon t-iriDN a^riDni, and E>ther the queen ^vrote, — and
Mordecai the Jew. 2. vin>f "^cyrr bs ^iby^i, and all the people came
tip after him : )'^'\]h pi2SV3 ^W'iZ' '^lEDOij and number of years are hid-
den from the oppressor. 3. *|nin ]o ^"ii^UTr sncj^ M^ain y'2":''"i, and the
prophet heard who broug-ht him back out of the way: n^n^ i'DJJ^
anv^ V'iN*2 '^Y^^*"''^ 5-i-r^[ i^rrbN, I am the Lord thy God, who brought
thee out of the land of Esrypt ; ^mo ^i'~s 'N'r» c\n'TN cn noN'i, and he
said, (it i>) the man of God, he who disobeyed.
In Regimen, 1. The Noun^ on which the force of a Verb
Active^ passes is put in the accusative, and generally has the
particle n^ prefixed ; unless it expresses some tendency to,
when it (generally"^) takes the particle V^* before ii^. 2. The
Noun* by which a Verb Substantive^ is succeeded, is put in
the same case as that by which it is preceded ; but if it signi-
fies possession, it takes the particle V^* before the noun^ which
follows. 3. The Noun^ by which a Verb Passive' is succeeded
is governed by the preposition fD, V, which designates the
agent; but that*" by which it is preceded is frequently attended
with the particle nt*, which designates the patient, or sufferer.
Examples. 1. 'o^nurr fMi anV^f ''nii rfZ'N')2, in the beginning,
God created the heavens and the earth, (=C7j< D^nbs ^Ni:i, God created
man ;) criN mpn ^bD ns ^^b ^n•'T^ — '^pv bK ''i^n'i, and they came to
Jacob — and told him all that befell to them : (''a^^ ^mn in'r^n, hath
restored (to) the debtor his pledge). 2. mm ^irrn ^-in\T viNHi, and the
earth was a chaos and vacuity: ^nbSNb ^ttt ddV, to you it shall be for
food : gib f-vi/^ b3, all that he has. 3. ^onvn p ibn^i, and he was
wounded by the archers : '']".-t ]o hybl3, they are saturated with wine :
'^obiSDb irati'D n\r?0 'nn, and it came to paiss, when it was heard by
Sanbalat ; -jbo nu mnth "^i^yn nN i]n^ri Nb, this city shall not be deli-
32 HEBREW GRAMMAR.
vered into the hand of the king : (yn\y yavn i^bn"''), and thy barns
shall be filled with plenty.)
The Yevh" on \\hich the force of another Verb** passes is
put in the Infinitive Model the sign to being expressed in
Hebrew, by different prepositions. 1. If the Infinitive can be
rendered or turned by to, of, or for, and the present-participle"
it requires V before it ; if it can be rendered by from, and the
same participle"*, it requires D ; and if by iV, it requires 3,
before it : but if the phrase can be turned by when and the
present tense^, the Infinitive then assumes D, before it. 2. The
Infinitive^, not unfrequently with n or n subjoined, is used as
a substantive, in the same manner as the present participle is
used in English. It is not only used for the participle^, but,
by an eliptical construction, for any mode or tense' of the
Verb.
Examples, nynnn ^laa ^n^D^rr, do well to sing with rejoicing.
1. ninp bD by '^nirsbi 'b ^inab 'bN ^wt Nbi, and they shall not approach
to me, to officiate, nor to approach any of my sanctifications : Mq't
^iDbnb nnxi O'lmN nDirn, and he died in the forty-first year of his reign-
ing : '^pinu'b nyi '^msnb riy, (there is) a time for weeping and a time
for laughing: onab •^b^surrn on^i^y "^mNnn nia o, for he hath closed
their eyes from seeing, and their ears from hearing : Dis HDO ^"iKnn, in
his coming from Padan-aram. "^barr '"iiN '^iDuo n^n^ and it shall be,
when my lord the king lies down: NTpNi ^bip ^^nnn2 'nn, and (it) was,
when I raised my voice and cried. 2. g^mpi g^nnu? nyr nr\Sf thou
knowest my down-sitting, and my up-rising : bDND '^b^N ]3n YV ban, of
every tree of the garden eating thou shalt eat, (i. e. thou shalt surely
eat): n^wyn unnn ny ^•^)^Dn ^^ibn D'-nm, and the waters (were) depart-
ing and decreasing until the tenth montli ; (i.e. continually decreased) :
Pres. nn blN D^y\n, the wicked (are wont) to lie in wait for blood :
Indef. 'i"iu;i ij<iVT nvnni, and the animals (were observed) to run, and
to return : Fut. lyib n^m in2wn iiDH, and (I am) to remove its hedge,
and it shall be for burning: D^72rl mo 130Q i*]bDN Dva O, for in the
day (that thou happenest) to eat of it, dying thou shalt die ; (i. e. thou
shalt surely die.)
1. A Verb is generally put in the same Tense, in Hebrevr,
as in English; the analogy being observed in the Indefinite*
and the Future'', which are distinguished by the signs, did and
shall, 2. But as the Indefinite is used in Hebrew, with a
latitude which includes the Imperfect and the Pluperfect;
when the action is passed and simultaneous with an antece-
SYNTAX OF VERBS. 33
dent it is rendered by the former tense% but ^Yhen it is past and
prior to an antecedent, it is rendered by the latter*^. As the
past and future tense which the Hebrew employs are properly
indefinites ; they are not only used for the Present^, but sub-
stituted for each other^, when the conjunction i is prefixed :
which from its power of changing the time is termed vau con-
versive: though the substitution^ is made even when the con-
junction is omitted, 3. The Indicative is used in Hebrew to
express the Conjunctive''; hence where the signs mciy, mighty
should, &c. are required by the sense, they should be substi-
tuted\ for shall, will, &c. of the Future.
Examples. 1. aiNn n^< *nu'y D\"ibJ< Dbvi, in the imag-e of God made
he man: onb ^b'znn yirn nyrn, in the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat
bread. 2, brrxn nriD '^nu'» mh, and he sat (was sitting) at the door of
the tent : ^r\ir)} ^u'^< bD n^c D\ib\ Nn^r and God saw every (thing) which
he (had) made. «'njrr^ Nb V? "in^'i, and Cain said I know (knew) not :
^^^'H nyniNb ^tiS' au'n — nyo \v^ nnsi, and a river going out of Eden —
is (will be) divided into four heads : onvo Mn tjasb mn' *^^ny^, and the
Lord will (did) pass through to smite the Egyptians: n\ D\nbN f*]"il'i
^na fu^jT --ynu'rr dv, and God blessed (will bless) the seventh day, and
hallowed (will hallow) it, onvn D2rl^} fnybN riON'% and he said I have
brought (will bring) you up out of Egypt : g^nnp Th^-i o, though I have
fallen I shall rise (have risen). 3. vnu'n '"ibi^ "'33 'n^sn ]T2^n ^iv^i, come
(thou) South, blow on my garden, (that) the spices may (shall) flow
out : ibDNn i-^r^ XV '^SQ, of the fruit of the tree of the garden thou
mayest (shalt) eat: i"? ixip^ no M"l\^b xr^an ba ny\ and he brought it
to the man, to see what he would (will) call it.
Besides the regularly inflected Tenses, the Hebrews employ
the verbs, nnt*, ^in\ V^^, in a manner nearly analogous to that
ia which the English use the auxiliaries, will, can, would,
could, &c. 1. By joining V^*% r^z\^, Vd^ in the future tense*,
to a verb in the infinitive, they express the English compound
tenses formed by the auxiliaries will, can ; but by joining
them, in a past tense**, to the infinitive, they express those
formed by the auxiliaries would, could, &c. In construction,
those verbs, which are only used when the English auxiliaries
are emphatick, may be connected by vau conversive*", and sub-
jected to the peculiar government of that conjunction, the latter
of them being rendered by the infinitive. 2. By joining f^D*,
niu; (o another verb**, in the same form of construction, they
express an action which is repeated ; but when the verb nm is
34 HEBREW GRAMMAR.
thus used^, it expresses an action which is frequently renewed.
3. To express an action which is taking place, they join the
verb n^n, to the participle present*^, called Benoni, and the
verb thus compounded is analogous to the English Middle
Voice; though the auxiliary in Hebrew is rarely expressed
with the pronoun^.
Examples. 1. nbNi riDbV ^b2"ij< xb bM<ir ba Tn icn^i, and David
said to Saul, I cannot go in there : ]ro^b ^"QN^ nb b^(^U'» n>n, and the
house of Israel will not hear : n^<T^ pxa niu'b ^3y33n ''bNVi,* and the
Canaanite would dwell in the laud: pbb ly^n ''^l^f Nb\ and the man
•would not stay the night : oyb "ib WDlis mwyb n^rf ''b'Nirr '3, because
the Lord would make you to himself a people. ■'M^N-n ^bDiN HDD^NI
'mbn n^^f^j &od how can I see (can I and shall I see) the destruction
of my kindred; ibDNM ymn mu Dnyniyi '^ii\n dn, if you will hear
(you be willing aud hear) ye shall eat the good of the land : '^bxn
IDNDT"") mb>f, and that God would destroy me (would be willing and de-
stroy me). 2. nnnnn p rriv ria nbif *^^D''"i, and he again sent, (added
to send) a dove from the ark; i^mvn isnb *^n\f3n, shall we again in-
fringe (return to infringe) thy precepts, nnaa nnia nnn *=imn bN, do
not repeatedly talk .(multiply (nor) talk) very proudly. nyiE) bs im
1^b^^ hn8'3N ixifa bD — , speak to Pharaoh all that I (am) speaking
to thee : iw'd^v gDn^< nu^v ^n■^^T mo ab, the thing (is) not good which
jou (are) doing : mu'i fnna-v gN\m, and she (was) sitting in the field :
^n» ^ibirr gxim, and he (was) going bare-foot.
The Passive Voice is very generally used in Hebrew, but is
not attended with the same difficulties which attend it in other
languages, as it generally expresses each tense, without having
recourse to the auxiliary and participles. When a Compound
Tense is used, (as in expressing the Present^,) the Auxiliary
is generally omitted : the Participle is subject to the rules
which govern adjectives, and accordingly agrees with the noun*^
which governs the auxiliary.
Examples, "^bn Dua ''nnDJ i^i^n nriD o, for the writing which is writ-
ten in the name of the king : '\^v'2. '3nD3i, and it was written in a book ;
vn-ynb '"^^ns' ^"i^ ibnn by dn, if (it seemeth) good to the king, it shall
be written to destroy them. '^Db ^iiy I'DnDa, thy iniquity (is) marked
before me ; >2n '*nb32') yj-: '"•"•"fj '"y ^'"^^ ^^^^ departed, and has passed-
forth from me.
1. The Middle Voice^^ which is expressed by the Conjuga-
i\ovL Hithpael, is used in Hebrew to supply the place of Re-
♦ The time is changed, from future to past, by van conversive.
SYNTAX OF VERBS. 35
flective Verbs, and is accordingly employed when the action of
the verb reverts on a reciprocal pronoun. The construction of
verbs in this voice'' is attended with no difficulty, as they are
active verbs having a pronoun of the same number and person
as that by which they are governed, supposed to follow tliem.
2. Of a nature nearly allied to the former is the Conjugation
Hiphii*", with its Passive Hophal*^, which express an action, not
merely performed, but ordered, or procured by means of the
agent. Verbs in this conjugation are accordingly rendered by
the infinitive; the verb to make, to get, &c. being prefixed,
in the proper tense of the verb expressed in the original,
[The Conjugation Piel*, with its Passive PuaF, is even less
difficult in the construction ; as it is regularly rendered by a
verb in the Active or Passive Voice, but qualified by the ad-
verbs, intensely, vehemently, &c.] 3. Participles^ generally
retain the government of the verbs from which they are de-
rived : they are not unfrequently followed by a noun*" in re-
gimen.
Examples. 1. *b3n'i n3\r»i )'\t )D nu?n, and he drank of wine, and
was drunk, and uncovered-hiraself: w, r : "Ti", n-, Dniprin^, he-raises-
himself, thou-raisest-thyself, I-raise-myself, they-raise-themselYes, &c.
2. DH^sn n^n•' cnb^n IU'n d^13D, as the nations which the Lord made-to-
pass-away before their faces : m^rf "jbo n^:2> cy '•nnb^n nu'N nb:in oy,
■with the deportation which was-made-to- pass-away with Jechoniah
king of Judah. [inpiS ^r^k^ a^i:in 'yrS in the eyes of the nations he
hath-intensely-revealed his righteousness ; ^rh-nn nriVj a^ni? and Huz-
zab was-led-away-forcibly, she wa>-ordered-to ascend.] — n^^^' ')T2H ro
'ny n^< gn^ynrr r:''];^'\n by, thus saith the Lord— to the shepherds feeding
my people ; ib gnnnip^^ Vin "i2"iy D'-nu' ^ba^ the heavens shall reveal his
iniquity, and the earth raising-itself against him ; n^rf *"jm Nil, enter
thou blessed of the Lord ; '3N n^ns '^nbin O, for t (am) sick with love ;
n^n'^ *TiDb T31 bDi, and all thy sons (shall be) taught of the Lord.
1. The Adverb^ generally precedes the verb^, or other
word'' which it qualifies ; but the perspicuity of the sentence
is often consulted in placing this particle. Adverbs are prin-
cipally of use in rendering the construction negative or inter-
rogative. 2. As negatives, the following adverbs are princi-
pally used, ^*V, Vt*, pt*, no not, Va, ^nV^i, not, never, &c. Of
these adverbs, Vb* is used in prohibitory sentences'^, and gene-
rally joined with the future'^ ; ^*V is used before all modes^ but
S6 HEBREW GRAMMAR.
the imperative, and is generally used to qualify adjectives*^ ;
^nVn is generally prefixed to the infinitive, and is frequently
interjected between the verb^ and the governing particles^ 7,
O ; pt* is used to qualify participles'", pronouns^ and nouns",
and frequently' takes before it the particles V, n, D, D. 2. The
Adverbs principally used as interrogatives, are n, ^Yhether ?
and the negatives i^Vn, p^n, on, is not? no'?, rna, why,
wherefore? I^n, yt^, JiJ^i^, how? Tia, inn'?, when? noD,
how often? r\D *Tr, fi^ "ri;, how far? &c. These adverbs are
placed at the beginning"" of the sentence, which is rendered
negative by qualifying the verb'' with t^V, or a similar particle.
But when two or more verbs are used, a negative placed be-
fore the first is frequently understood before the succeeding" ;
and the negative particle^ usually imparts a privative force,
by that form of construction which is merely restrictive in
English.
-Examples. ]. ••bpa ^lyou'^ axbi >b t«i5".?3N» ^h^ (m, and behold they
■will not believe me, and they will not listen to my voice ; l^iDDU" ^nn^
h^n^p•< 'i^n, together shall they fall, never shall they rise : ^sb p Nirr
t'DDn, he (is) a son not wise. 2, *^iynn Tis n3 bN^ inxn, and he said.
Do not, I pray, my brethren, transgress : li>ripnv ^fb nnxb mu' U'nan^,
and Sarah denied, saying, I did not laugh; i^i ^is-'ON'' Nb, they will not
believe, &c. inx fniDH ^nbibs m^f )'pb n^ri'' oir^i, and the Lord set on
Cain a mark, not-to smite him ; f-Qiy Tibib? DTT3 H' iprm, and they
strengthen the hands of the wicked, that they-do-not return ; "TibnoS
yitrs nu'N y-^an bN ntn oyn hn n-'-yrib r^^T^'< fnbs^ the Lord iii-not being
able to bring the people into the land which he sware, &c. ^■^^c^ (>K"»
^V"'pn V^^ ^^V^y V^\ ^"^ °<^t ^^^^ "^^^s) seeing, nor knowing, nor waking :
i3T in y^ti ^*]3\v DN1, and if thou dost not make (her) return, know, &c,
pn DDb )nD P32^^*, I gave not straw to you : v'l^'^ V^ ^'Wi<\ and there
is no man in the earth : iddo ^V^^ D'-tin >yyi, and cedar trees wiih-no
(Without) number: n^ii'ya Jp^^ ^nbbin mnnn ^vai, m-no depths was I
brought forth, in-no fountains. 3. osu'O nrriL'y^ Nb yinn bD osu'n'",
shall not the judge of all the earth do right? mn, *]Tin b^w Nb ""2
•]bbn'",for the grave will not confess thee, death (will not) praise thee:
xwb inu; n.y Nif^ nu'N n.v mn^ ^npv Nb o, for the Lord will not absolve
him, that taketh his name in vain.
Conjunctions possess the government of particular Modes
in Hebrew, but are followed by the Indicative. 1. The Con-
junctions used as Copulatives are i, and, f^i^, also ; of these
1 is not only used as a copulative*'^, but is employed to express
a consequence^ a reason% a condition*^, or an exception*. It
SYNTAX OF PARTICLES. ST
has a particular force in governing the Fut. where past time is
expressed*", and the Indef. where future time^ is mentioned.
2. The Conjunctions used as disjunctives are m, or, i^\>), nor, i
Dt^i. although, &c. In the disjunction of clauses, (Di^) n — n** ■
express whether — or ; "D — "D*, as — so, &c. but in such oppo-
sitions, "I frequently stands before the second clause^, in place of
the repeated conjunction.
Examples. 1. iiii' a-npy oavini ^'n ^^y\r^ dsni o, for in their anger
they slew a man, and in their self-will they digged down a wall:
myo riN ^b (D'lb inv in insyi 'b ly^Di, and entreat for me to Ephron,
the son of Zohar, and he will (that he may) give me the cave : nn "rirt
byn nbyi Ninv nnpb nu'N r\\Dnr^ by, behold thou art dead for the wife
which thou hast taken, and (for) she is a man's wife ; Tha onb 'mnNi
inu' nn 'b ■noNi'^ dD'^n '3nbu? OD^miN, and I will tell them, the God of
your fathers hath sent me unto you, and (but) they will say to me,
what (is) his name ? lai XVn nscii^ :bDN3 prr yv nso, of the fruit of
the tree of the garden, we may eat, and (but) of the fruit of the tree
which is in the midst of the garden, &c. n^riDinf \2. ']b n3Qa >nn3f D3i,
and also 1 will give thee a son from her, and I will bless her j bs^i*'
noxng pnv'i? V23 by omix, and Abraham fell on his face, and laughed
and said. 2. a"i DN^ Nin loyan'^ nsin^ [oyn] pmn,^, whether they [the
people] are strong or weak, whether few or many : ]>n dn VV nn U'^n^,
whether there (is) wood in it, or not ; vsiNoi nay^i inos^ ny^i rrn', and
it shall be as with the people so with the prie&t, as with the servant
so with the master : y^i yn^^ nsiD TiayD', as passeth the whirlwind,
and (so) the wicked (is) not.
Prepositions are used, in Hebrew^, for the purpose of sup-
plying, not o(^ governing, cases. With regard to the various
relations which they are intended to express; — L In respect
to the instrument employed ; D denotes the thing whereof we
make a use% n the instrument wherewith we perform^: 2. In
respect to quality, o expresses the matter'' and form^, D the
manner*, and V the use^ : 3. In respect to dimension, the
measure is expressed by the constructive^ preceding a noun^
signifying the length or breadth: 4. In respect to tiine, n ex-
presses the time in which^, or during which^, V the time
whereat^ ; but the noun"" without a preposition, the time how
long : 5. In respect to place, to expresses the place from
whence"", V the place where° or whither^, the latter being also
expressed by the adverbial particle^ n ; a expresses the place
wherein^, as also the price^. In most of the above cases, the
preposition is omitted ; as in expressing the matter^, use°, and
dimension^'; the place^^' whither, whereat, wherein, and from
whence ; and the time^ when, as well as how long™.
E
38 HEBREW GRAMMAR.
Examples. 1. ^f3 isdd^ ib^Nri b^^, eat not of it rawj -rn' bnmb bni,
iron is sharpened by iron : yiriN U'^Nrr ni^<D U'bii'nt>, by the three hun-
dred men will I save ; 2. (inr) vn' n^QDf .TniDi, aud its flowers shall
be of it (gold); Dnpirn^ D"'yia rt^bw, three cups like almonds; ni^a®
bav nntaV, he is led as a sheep to the slaughter ; naiobf Dn3 rr-wyi,
and thou shalt make staves for the altar. 3. '^iim g'-vm rrQN, a cubit
and a half in breadth ; "i2")N ''vm D'nn>f, two cubits and a half in length.
4. rci >>nb rT3U' mNn U'ly nstrai, in the six hundredth year of the years
of the life of Noah ; dv aiyn'' fia'Sa*^, in the twilight, in the evening
of the day; aiy riyb', at the time of evening: D^n* uinm iny au'^i,
and he dwelt with him a month of days. 5. onvQ yi^'O" "jTiNVin, I
brought thee out of the land of Egypt; na^n yisrt (Qh nv, depart from
this land: biNU^b'' '•^'33 nryn Nb, thou wilt not leave my soul in hell;
iQipnbP ws idV, let them depart, each to his house ; mnnnq yD2i, and
we went into the desert ; qnbiNu;bP n^yu'n ■imu'% the wicked shall be
turned into hell ; inmr nau', abide in thy house ; -j^Dli mn, death
(is) in the pot; nVq fid31s n':ps, I will buy it for the full price; iiryi
ariTt TSNn n^f, and they shall make the ephod of gold ; mopnu nniQ,
the altar for incense; ]3yn^ n^f Jn^n Nbo*"!, and the temple was filled
with the cloud ; Dbu/iT^ Nin^i, and he came to Jerusalem (place whi-
ther) ; bnurt nriDw TTsyi, and he stood at the door of the tabernacle
(place whereat) ; mn^ n^nw o^NVain D^bSn, the vessels found in the
temple of the Lord (place wherein) ; -|>yrr« n\ iw^ an, they went out
of the city (place from whence) : nb'-Vx n^pti'\, and I arose at night
(time when).
Verbs implying some tendency to^, or signifying to bestow
or acqaire**, to expect, call, or interrogate"^, to seduce, despise,
or oppress*', to adore, honour, embrace, or kiss^, are attended
with V : some signifying to regard, choose, reject, or hold', to
urge, chide, protest^, or inhale*", are attended with n : some
signifying to enjoin, serve\ tell, answer'', or meet', are attended
with iii^. Verbs signifying to hll"™ are attended with n, D,
or nt* ; those signifying to be called" acquire an impersonal
force, and are accompanied by V : as many verbs" are occa-
sionally in Hebrew.
Examples. n^u'DNrt "i3b mnN' nwn, in this will the men consent unto
ns ; DnV ^]D'i I3'n2i n\"i, let us give our danghters to them ; DD^n r\i<
lib ^np":, let us take their daughters unto us. i>yi 'V ^m'D, stay for me
a little ; ni22ipob '^isnpicall (for) the mourners □ib'U'b ^b *^ibNU'"i, and
they shall ask about peace: D^^N^sn 03b ^"iN^U" bs, let not your pro-
phets seduce you ; nnbl ib ^ram, and she despised him in her heart;
*jnyu'i *|b (lp"'V , he will oppress thee in thy gates ; mn^b *iinnu'n, wor-
ship the Lord : inb fn2D"''i, and he falleth down to it ; *jQU'b ^naD^i, and
they shall honour thy name ; ib ^p^>y^ "ib ^pn^^, and he embraced him,
aud kissed him. D''nyi irtNT, he who looketh on the clouds ; fm\D
31131 '^Tinm y^n, to reject evil, and choose good ; o^n^ Ta 'mnN, thou
hast holden my right hand; ino on i5-)VE}n, and he urged them greatly j
SYNTAX OF PARTICLES. 39
Zi'2 g'iyi2) chiding the sea j u'-'Nrt i3i giyn, the man protested to us :
OD^miYvn ^r.'^iii nV, I will not inhale in your festivals. iriK inn'-.V!,
and thou shalt enjoin him ; ii:i];n ynti nx% and thou shall serve thy
brother: -jbarr na ''mu»3N, 1 will inform the king ; inx nyn ''i^y sb'>
*im, and the people answered him not a word : riir'n Ds hv2^''\ and
they met Moses, nu'pi it "iNbn, he filled his hand with a bow ?
•"nyn "urna "J^bo, he fills his belly with my delights: r»>an mNbo'i
]':v^ nx, and the temple was filled with the cloud : rt^a n^ip' r>t<t%
she shall be called (to her it shall be called) woman. vnbNb'* N2p, he
was zealous for his God ; viv^o n^rT' Dp2, the Lord avenging his ene-
mies; n-^rr: nu'yri vbD b^y, all its vessels you shall make of brass;
1132^^0 "13-in, they slew Abner ; •<^o rfp^y, he oppressed me.
It may be laid down as a general rule, that many words are
occasionally retained, or suppressed, in Hebrew, where the
English would not bear a like redundancy or deficiency.
1. Besides the pronouns, nouns, and prepositions, which have
been already noticed*, the auxiliary verb* is frequently omit-
ted before the dative ; and the conjunclion between two verbs,
vphen the sense requires a copulative^. And when many
common nouns*" relating to things, persons, times, measure,
&c., as im, m^t^, u)\ min, orQ, mo, m, are sufficiently
indicated by the context, they are very often suppressed.
2. Superabundant words are, on the other hand, employed
occasionally. Thus the personal pronoun"^ is introduced with
the noun or pronoun which it represents; and frequently joined
to nouns and verbs in the dative^. Verbs also take after them
a verbal noun^ repeating the sense which they express. The
terms^ wt^, p, Vl;n, are connected with nouns, to supply the
place of adjectives: and nD, d^:d, l\ V^p, D^, im, are used,
in the same manner'' ; though not required by the sense or
context.
Examples. 1. ob^y nn>f nsu'i, and one tongue (was) to all of
them : ]n mu'bi, and lo Sarah (shall be) a son. nTb, iqidS^ nionn
nbivni, the abyss covered them, they descended into the deeps.
*^a"ii3 (in) O nm2n ni^i, and he saw rest that (it was) a good (thing);
Dibu' (^•''iN, I am (a man of) peace; uinb '^in>fi c]itr'-a, iu the first
(month) on the first (day) of the mouth ; cD'3\y Nbi '^n^^f sb, not one
(^time), nor two; Dnyu; ^'^>^ no^i, and he measured six (measures) of
barley ; ni^ba*^ ^nD^f U'lbri, and Esther put on (the robes of) the king-
dom. 2. '1 1200 b2Nn Nb Vl^ mto nyirr vy^% and of the tree of the
knowledge of good and evil you shall not eat of it ; UVT^1 iriK O
^vis pNVon, because you shall find him, at this hour him; — mn"' *]iia
• Vid. supr. p. 22. 1. 14. p. 27. L 34. p. 28. 1. 18. p. 32. 1. 14.
p. 34. 1.5; 29. p. 36. 1.13. p. 37. 1.41,
E2
40 HEBREW GRAMMAR.
c»'5 >o'7so, blessed be the Lord — my preserver to me; rrs ^DDb nu', sit
ye to you here, nxn biia ^'31 iDi, they wept a very great weeping j
n'?TTa ^-TNn^ ini^^i, they feared, with great fear. in:iiiin gwa m bn•<^,
and Noah began to be a man of the earth (an agriculturist) : miN \nn
n:^ D'VUTi gp, and Abram was a son of ninety years (ninety years
old) : Ni nrbrt niobnns byn nan, behold the master of dreams (the
dreamer) that cometh. ain p^dV hdm riDrr, smiting thou shalt smite
■with [the mouth (edge) of] the sword ; D^nu;bD '^OSD IDS, they fled
from before [the face of] the Philistines j mnn *'^23 by nu^rn, and dark-
ness was over [the face of] the deep : in^yu'^ ^Tn mn> in, the word
of the Lord by [the hand (instrumentality) of] Isaiah ; b^ ^T'O wiin
nvi, I will require [at the hand] of every beast : ^nnSN ^bipn, from
[the voice of] my groaning: ipy> m^x ''du' ']33U", [the name of] the
God of Jacob shall raise thee ; piDDn ''in by, on account of [the word
(affair) of] the silver.
Besides the alterations, already mentioned, to which the
different parts of speech* are subject by the insertion or omis-
sion of letters, it seems further necessary to observe, That the
letter n is not only added to pronouns*, but to nouns^ and par-
ticiples*', to verbs after the increase n, \n^, and those persons
of the future® and imperative*^, which have no increase, as also
to the infinitive^ : That the letter '> is not only added to pro-
nouns^, but subjoined to nouns* and participlesJ, frequently to
these last'' when terminating in n ; and that it is sometimes
omitted after the Indef.' 1st pers. mas. but inserted after the
2d pers. fem.™ as also after the Infinitive" : That the letter j is
subjoined to the persons of the Tenses" ending in % ), to the
Future^ before the pronouns ^^, *], )n, and sometimes, though
rarely, to the Infinitive^: That the letter ) is sometimes omit-
ted before \ thus added to Verbs^, and also before the con-
junctive pronouns^; and that it is occasionally subjoined to
substantives*.
Examples. ^nriiV, for n^f, thou ; mnHf for ]nn, you ; ''nVb, noin,
7]bm, for b^b, Dirr, bm ; SiDin, blessing, for -j-ia, pt. pres. : ''nmai,
thou didst deal treacherously, for m3l ; nsnabtt'm, and you shall cast
away, for pDVu'm; ^nDinN,I will bless, for "jin;*; 'm2^p, rise, for Dip:
^nbnnb, to spare, for bnnb. ^T^s, thou, for r\s : '^n\, "tin, 'an, »vn, for
^Si na, on, yrt; JnON, binding, for idx; "^rnni, order, for mm;
'ninN, being loved, for nn.lN : >inri>U'0, I have brought him out, for
vt^n'U'D: in'mnb, thou taugbtest, for mnb: "''n^unnb, in making dwell,
for a^U'inb. opvfi they will know, for lyn^ : pynu'n, yc shall hear, for
lynuTi ; VP^"^^^ *h°*^ ^^'^ adhere, for "•pnnn : '^'33in2'', he will honour me,
for '3133' J 'SJWVD', they will find me, for 'JInvd^j "l^priN, I will pluck
• Vid. supr. p. 7: 1. 35. p. 10. 1. 22. p. 12. 1. 3—11. p. 18. 1. 23.
p. 24. 1. 22.
OF PROSODY. 41
thee out, for "jpriN; in22ni', he will bless him, for \n3ins qi'^^>o ^o
give, for r\r\b 5 n^^^i ^° destroying, for i2Nn : 'i'li', they shall be ine-
briated, for ]vi-i^ : 'nris, subdue it, for nrrna ; ':aD, they surrounded
me, for >:"iaD ; inaau'n, we esteemed him, for in"i3ne'n : ^122, no, 'r\'nj
for p, 172) n^rr.
IV. OF PROSODY.
Prosody being that part of Grammar, which determines
the accent or quantity of words, chiefly as disposed in verses ;
under this head every thing may be reduced, which remains to
be advanced on the subject of the points and accents.
I. In the pointed Hebrew, the twenty-two letters of the
alphabet are considered consonants. 1. Six^ may be termed
aspirates; viz. t*, rr, 1, % n, r, the first of which is expressed
by a lenient breathing, and the two last by forcible gutturals.
2. Six*" are properly aspirated consonants ; viz. n, j, 1, D, D, r. ;
to which may be added c, pointed over (he dexter horn. The
remaining letters'^, consisting of the liquids, V, a, :, n, the
mutes, w, p, and the sibilants, r, d, y, are possessed of an
uniform sound.
Examples. 1. ^s, q, n, h, i, v, % y, n, ch, y, g-h. 2. ^2, bh, 5, gh,
n, dh, D, ch, 2, ph, n, th, <^, sh. ^b, I. ro, m, 2, n, i, r ; o, t, p, k : i, z,
0, S, V, tS.
The points added to the letters are chiefly employed to ex-
press the Vowels, being generally placed under them. The
Vowels* thus expressed, are divided into long^; as, Q d,
(..) e, 0.) 'I, (0 0, (0 u ; and short^. as, (_) d, (.) e, (.) ?, (J of,
Q w. To these may be added (0 sh'va, which properly de-
notes the absence of a vowel'' : but which, when added to the
short vowels, expresses the very shorf^ ; as, (.,) a, (,,) e, (,. ) 0.
* The lon^ vowels are termed thus ; viz. c'l, kametz ; e, tsere ; 7, long-
chirec J o, cholem ; iJ, shurek : the short, thus ; viz. a, patach; e, seg-olj
t, short chirec ; 6, kametz chatuph ; ti, kibbutz : the very short, thus ;
viz. a, chateph-patach ; e, chateph-segol j o. chateph-kametz.
t The point (^) which has a double force, generally expresses the
vowel a, being then termed long- kametz, as "C^ masar. But when
it concurs in the same syllable with a shva, quiescent and unaccented,
it expresses the short vowel 6, and is then termed kametz-chatuph ;
as \'^'V korban ; it is, however, observable, that the shva is not ex-
pressed when it is final, as '"'5 col ; and that it is sometimes implied
in a dages or chateph-kametz ; as ''"^ ronni ; ""P^ moghamddh.
E 3
42 HEBREW GRAMMAR.
A letter joined to any of these vowels is sounded before them,
and is said to be moveable.
Examples. >iq sa, p *e, >d si^ ^^ 50, ^p *^*/ dq *«} d »e, ^ *?, -, ^•o,
SH: ^^ lid, ^ ^e, ,jj, 1/1, ii^ VO) li^ W' ^N V«» « y^y « V«» N vo, X v^-
5 grAe; b^j ghd, ^ ghe, ^c. a, yd, > ye-, b, ya, -. ye, SfC. a^ ra, , ve ; \ va,
y ve, Src. cp srd, -^ sre ; -^ srd, -,p sre, ^c. (ip sa, p se, p so.
Exceptions. 1. The aspirates, when devoid of subscribed
points, merge their sound iii that of the vowels whieL precede
them, and are then said to be quiescent : thus «, wherever
placed^, — '', if mediate^^ or if finaP and preceded by (.) l, (.) e.
— 1, wherever placed*^, if attended with (•) o, (•) w, and not
subscribed,— and n, whefr^nal^, are respectively silent. But
"», n, when finaF, the latter being inscribed with the point
mapick (•), retain their proper sound; and n, n, ^, when final^,
and subscribed with patha-genufa (-) «, are sounded after the
vowel placed under them. 2. The aspirated consonants, 2. 2,
^, 3, 5, n, when inscribed with a lenient dages (•}, and the
letter «, when pointed over the left horn, lose their aspirated
sound''; and all consonants which are inscribed with a forcible
dages (•)? (which may be applied to all letters except ^^, n, n,»
5, n), are doubled in pronunciation : the dages is lenient'
when it is inscribed in a, J, 1, 3, Q, n, beginning a word, or
following shva quiescent^, but otherwise it is forcible". The
skva is moveable', and sounded as a close e, when it begins a
new syllable*, but otherwise it is quiescent"".
Examples. 1. aj^o sa, ^^p se, j^p s!, j^ip, ^^5 so, j^-p &ii ; nsD s«'',
\v<p ser, Tj^ sir, -,^^3, -,^^5 sor, «,^!,c) sur : b^>c) sdr, -|>p scr, ■,>p sir, y^,
■yQ sor, yro swr : c>d si, ,p se ; d\Q so, y^ sor, ,q su, ^q sur : e^^ sa,
^ se, np si, nb so, -,,,0 su. Up sai, p sei, ^ip, ,5 soi, &c. nc sah,
np sell, no sih, &c.: gnp saah, np saach, yp saagh, &c. h^ b, 3 g,
1 t), 3 c, bP, n t, t[)S,; pp sassa, pp sessa, j^p sissa, &c. ^p sabba,
3p segga, ^D, &c. ipj bosa, jp^p^ basbasa, j.-,:! bhassa, p^Da bhass-
abbasa : V^ sesi ; ^"V^ ses ri*
• Shva begins a new syllable, not only when if commences a word,
but when it occurs after a long vowel having- an euphonick accent,
(as 'JPII, yCichelu)', after a short syllable compensated by an accent, (as
JViydl l^mcnatseach) ; or after another shva, (as ISTI^ yirdephu ; ^"^
pakkedu) in the last instance the first shva is implied in a dayes.
OF PROSODY. 43
f
Every sounded letter has either a vowel point*, or skva^
placed under it: but the latter is not expressed in writing;,
v\hen it is final'' : unless with l*^, or when it is preceded by
another skvir. The points of u; supply the place oi" (") o, when
the consonant that precedes or follows it is destitute of a
voweK: and the points^ () 0, (.) i, are sometimes written
without 1, ' ; in which case they are said to be defective.
Examples, c^-ca sarab, c^^-b srab, d^^-j sarac, e^-- sarb. '-.- sos,
t'^N sosh : g^b SOS.
The Accent (,) naturally falls on the last syllable*: but words'"
ending in (O di, (J e, or (_) «, (put for (..), in the serviles
ri, T., 1, ^3, n:, >:, ^n, ?j, n, or n^ paragogick, are accented on the
penultimate, when they have not a shva moveable preceding.
By van conversive the accent is shifted on the last syllable
(from the penultimate) in the Indefinite^; and on the penulti-
mate (from the last syllable) in the Future*^. The latter effect
is also produced in words^ ending in ^, \ rj, rr^, when they fall
under a pause : and the accent is wholly obliterated by the tie
Maccaph (-), in the words^ that precede it.
Examples. ^"^^^ dhabhar ; '"^'IJ^*: Yisrael : indf. "^"'^ masar ; fut.
'^p"?: yimsor; ^i'^ mesor. ^'.^J?!^ Abigail; I'l^'^x Abimeleeh ; ^S-CTI
Bdthsheba: P-r'D masarta; '*"?"^^ raas&rti ; '-rct" yismachu ; '^^Ip?
masarnuj ^intrrpiTi timsorna; ''r,'!!'??'p mesartani ; 'T^Jr?' yimserehu ;
'^.^^ debharecha; T.V?''^? tsarotheha ; nVj l^Ha ; ^7^9^ jimseru; H??^-
asappera. '^'fT'???^ vemasarti ; ^ ^^]1 vayoseph. ^1^1 naphala ; ^^^
darkecha; ^■^';^>«nri^ eth-haqarets.
The changes to which the points are subject depend on the
increase of the words, and the tendency of the accent to fall
on the last syllable ; a concurrence of many unaccented sylla-
bles either sinking or shortening the vowels, or requiring them
to be lengthened for the ease of pronunciation. A syllable, to
have its full complement, should consist of a consonant and a
long vovs"el% or of a consonant and a short voweP compensated.
A short syllable is compensated by having subjoined to its short
vowel a consonant (either expressed*', or implied in a dages^
or guttural*^), or by becoming the seat of an accent^. A long
syllable is shortened^ by having a short vowel substituted for a
mutable vowel ; (J a being changed into (J a, (J e, or (.) 1 ;
(.) e intq (.) ?, or Q e\ and (•) into (J o, or (.) H. All the
44 HEBREW GRAMMAR.
short vowels are mutable, and occasionally changed into long
vowels^, or substituted for each olher^; but the long vowels
attended with % 1, are immutable' ; and the very short vowelsJ
are proper to the gutturals.
Examples. ^QO* md-sdr : nirj? gho-s^' ; "^B?^ m?s-ser ; ^?'?> pth-hel ;
i^i de-she'. ^^'^f.'D.^ ha?shkem, compounded of n? ^'j 03- ^0^35^ ghab-
hadhim, pi. of "i^^^" ghebhedh. nns pethach, for nne pethech. ''P^T^n
toshibeni. -"Dirr chadas ; ni"> ruach.
Gen. Rule. A short voweP, not lollowed by a consonant
or its equivalent, should be compensated^, or obliterated'', or
changed into its correspondent long vow^eF. A long vowel*^,
if unaccented, when followed by a moveable consonant having
skva expressed or understood, is changed into its correspond-
ent short*". A long vowel^, preceding the penultimate of w^ords
accented on the last syllable, sinks into shva° if it is mutable ;
but merely takes an euphonick accent^ if it is an immutable.
If a shva thus falls under a guttural, it is changed into a com-
pounded shva^; but if it comes in contact with another shva.
the antecedent of them is changed into a vowel.
Examples. ^Din chadas, ^D^o^n chada**im : ^i3^ ghebed. ^^'l^ft
ghabhddhim ; ^5 bherech, for tj"!! bh?rreeh : ^'^ ghoz, ^^^ beghwzeka.
li?X zaken, D"'3|?.'J zekenim, &c. see p. 7. ^IDO masar, ''?X)p mesarani,
&c. see p. 27. "^J^ dabhar, '75^ debhari, &c. see p. 27. 'P.T^in* toshi-
beni, compounded of S^^TO and '?..* "^;?^ ghebedh, °7??^. ghabadhim :
'^32 bhichli, compounded of '^P ?.
On suffering an increase, 1. A word^ takes Q shva, in the
syllables^ preceding the penult., for (^) a, (.,) e, (•) o; and in
the penult.'^ for („) e, also for (..) e, (.) /, unless in the plural*^,
and for (•) o, (_) d in verbs^. But Q a is substituted in the
plural for (•) o, (..) ^, (.) z, in the penult, of nouns*^; for {_) in
the inflcctible tenses of verbs^ before a conjunctive pronoun,
and for (.y if derived from (_). And (\.) e'i is substituted for
(].) clyi, and (i) for (i_) dve^, in dissyllables accented on the
penult.
Examples. 1. l^^f. pi. a^2|:f ; pim'' f. Trp)r\f ; ni-ij? (with the con-
junctive pronoun) 'ni-ip'': idd*'^ pl.DnDD^; Dm"" pi.Dpn^"^; ^:ih;s> pi. d^j'w*':
P^?^ in conjunction V7^^*> °5?* in conjunc. iJ^^ip'': 'id'' i^ conjunc. '''!'?'^:
Is. fut. ">b^^«* in conj. innoTpNi^/ inf. nnD"" in conj . 'rrnoa®, 2. i^nt pi.
OF PROSODY. 45
r^-aW; dv pi. n^;^; ^^ pi. c^Dnf ; 1^33 pi. ni^rns^; nrip, pi. niu!?'; ^;i? pi.
c"$^*^: imper. ri?t? in conj. ':?o^^3 3 p. indf. ^ip"! in conj.^rmjy?^. ^'jri
in coDJ. ')V 5 ^^^5 in conj. '«?io. Exceptions. In the penult. (..) e re-
mains unchanged after (t) a, (■.) ' ; as, ^p^ pi. D'??"»p; 2kt pi. c';^«].
Secondly. A Guttural'', instead of a skva, takes (_.) a^;
but if shva comes from (..) e, it takes (,^) e*^ ; and if from (•) o
preceding (..) e, it takes (^J o*^. In place of a dages, it length'
ens the short vowels, — (_) a into (J a^j (.) i into Q e"^, and
(..) w into (•) oS; but contrariwise, defectives^, in taking a
dages, shorten the long vowels, — a into (.) «\ (..) e into
(.) «J, (•) o into (..) u^ or (J o* ; and (.) a into (.) ■e'". A
forcible Guttural" (n, n, or r) takes (.) a ; — instead of shva
quiescent, under the penult.° or the lastP, when preceded by a
long vowel (., \, ;,, or ,); and instead of (..) e, or (•) o. before
itq, when it is final in verbs ; but generally instead of (,) c,
before the last% or before^ or under the penultimate*: and,
contrariwise, when (.) d precedes, and C) a is subscribed to,
those gutturals, the former is changed into (J eu. The letter
1^ and some other consonants>" have occasionally the force of
Gutturals, in changing the points.
Examples, "^n* pi. oncnN 3 iudf. rzmi^; ri.f in conjunct, '^f'-
•l)>?vp^ in conj. 'J?^?;?^- ^'j^^ pi. DT7?.^. Pi. 1 fut. "^i^^f for "^^if ; 3
fut. rrcr^^ for nwf : Pu. 3 indf. p^b° for p!!'?. en'' pi. c^n' ; y^^ in
conj.l!?J ; W*" in conj. 'w'' ; 3 indf. "P^ in conj. 'Pi?'; i? pi. D^TV".
2 indf rin^V' for nnpjf j piel inf. rra^^ : 3 fut. rrip^f ; rri;^ for ni" ;
pt. ?v:::P. 3 fut. rrr^ii; pt. r^i^^: nns^ rPK^, yi^\ derived from nnB.
rrw, nrcj: c^nx in conj. irrsi^; 'J^n", n^Vi73« compounded with a, 3-
3 indf. Piel ^rv"" for ^?? ; Pual po^ for pno; niiiV pi. for ri^nn;
PTTi^ pl. for C'C^p.
Thirdly. If two moveable shvas concur at the beginning of
a word, the iirst^ is changed into (.) i ; and if ^ follows, the
second omitted ; but if that which precedes is simple, and the
other compounded, the preceding is changed into the compo-
nent vowel'' of the following. If they concur in the begin-
ning and middle of a word, and come in contact with a gut-
tural ; that under it, if coming from ( ) e preceding (..) ^^, is
changed into (..) e^, and that before or under it, if coming
from (,) e% or its substitute (.) a, is changed into (.) a^; but
jf that which precedes is compounded^, its vowel is retainedh.
46 HEBREW GRAMMAR.
and the points (,) omitted. If they concur, at the end of a ;
word ; that coming from Q ^^, is changed into (,) a" ; that
from (..) e^ into Q e™ ; and that from (•) o'' into (,^) a°. Some
other letters, particularly « "• n f, have a like force, at the be-
ginning of a word, in changing^, or restoring^ one of two con-
current skvas, which is descended from (..) ^.
Examples. P^^^ in conjunction ^p^^; dduj^ in conjunc. ^o?®; '"^^
in conjunc. v^Q. '"js^i' compounded of )3 n; HTin'i for nTirva; '^wa''
compounded with 2 ; 'm^ compounded with ? J U'')2S^ compounded
with )'• '7"?.??! compounded withal y^rf in conj. 'y^VU^ for "i^^rr; Torr^
in conj. "iTOrT*" for i^ri : ''W in conj. vbn^ for vbn .. 3 fut. F]D«;S pi^
ICDx; for lED^J..; O'OSqS pi, in regim. 'Ppn^ for 'P^n. nW in conj.
^nSv^^j Ifut.W inconj.?);i'3]X™; ^nE!?" in conj. n^i^b/. ''n^?, T3"3»
°.?|5 ^'?.5» ];?i?.J f^l^'i^j \?^, &c. in conj. pi. vabo, v73^, &c. like "'Orr supr.e
Fut. 3 s. "ira^«'^, lb. 3 pi. =i^|5n;'l; inf. n^b in conj. ^^i^^"*; \-?. prep, in
conj. f}^f, &c. like ypn supr.c
Fourthly. When an Acceru is drawn back, it lengthens the
shva of a verb into (J a% but of a conjunctive pronoun into
(J eb; and when it is either drawn back, or removed*, it
shortens the final vowels, Q a into (_) a^; Q e into Q «*»
and (•) o into (^) a^ : but, contrariwise, when it is a distinctive
accent, it lengthens (.) a, and (,) e, into (J «^- Frequently
also the ease or grace of enunciation causes an interchange
of the vowels;— of (..) e° with (.) ? ; (0 u with {.)u^\ and
(J w^ with (^) a ; and some changes" are occasionally intro-
duced, for distinction.
Examples. 3 indf. lif^;""^ for 1^^?;; ^^,"3?? for ^^3?* ira-nn^ from 5^Q;
"^JJ^^l from "V^'Y, T^If^'^d for 1? n«; iwi""'? from ^s: '^'''^^ l^ii^ for
^33, Hiph. indf. ii?.??^ for i^ITErr; Kal 3 fut. IQI^; for ''QV: ; Hoph. 3
indf. ^Z^'H for '^).'^T(. D^Tp>b^>'' tribunes (pi. of t^H^) D'tD^?ttJ, third.
Nouns tn regimen, following (he analogy of nouns increas-
ing, shorten the vowels Q «, (J <?, in the beginning'"^ of a word
accented on the last syllable, into Q\ and in the termination^
O a (..) c into (.), and (.) l into (..) e; similarly contracting
dissyllablesb, which have ^ or ) quiescent in the middle, as when
they suffer an increase. But (..) c is sometimes retained'^ par-
ticularly in monosyllables ; and is put for Q «, when it pre-
cedes n : and aw, and nw assume \
• See p. 43. 1. 14.
OF PROSODY. 47
I Examples. '^^ "^^3* from ij^a ; ^"^^t^ ^5:13^ from 3'??^3 ; ri:« 357*
from ^,^; ''?* ^T?^ from ^p^o; ctx'^ rr?} ft-om n^i; p^>^^ 'I'TJ^ from cnn«;
Dn\rf nra from t:.}^; 'wc'^ i;!:« from ];.**; ^s^ rr.;^ from rr:jr2. >3><, 'n«.
II. It is unnecessary to enter info the subject of the metres,
as nothing is known with certainty respecting the Hebrew ver-
sification. It is probable it consisted in a musical rhythm to
which the poetry ^Yas recited; to the ends of which the various
accents which are found in the sacred text, are obviously acco-
modated. But as these point?, which amount to thirly-five,
are confessedly modern, and of no authority even among the
advocates of the pointed system ; we shall be pardoned in pass-
ing them by, without further notice.
On the subject of Dialect, it is merely necessary to notice
that which is termed the Rabbinical, as adopted in the later
writings of the Jewish Doctors.
This Dialect generally consists in Hebrew, with some pecu-
liarities, ado])ted not only from the Chaldee and Syriack, but
from the Greek and Latin. 1. It includes p (from ^p) amono-
the serviles^; inseits i^, 1, % in place of the vowel-points^;
sometimes drops a radical at the beginning, middle, or end
of a word ; extends'' some terms by n, o, •>; and connects*
others by the figure crasis. 2. In Xouns, it putsf, mas. pi. p
for D^ ; fem. pi. riv for ni ; formings some nouns in ni, f, and
some in ^^<, after the Chaldee: in the Cases, it supplies'" the
gen. by Vm, 1 ; the ace. by r\\ V, for m^ ; putting' ^^ for V^*,
V ; ^n for O. 3. In the Pronouns, — for the Conjunctives, it
takes" i^, for \ my; ^n (n), and after the pi. ^m (^i) for n, his ;
\ for U, our, D, their i rejecting' f of fO, fO, your, and f or n
of \)n, pn, their: connecting"" them respectively to their ad-
juncts by ". For the Possessive Pronouns, it uses" V^, V^7, Ti,
joined with the Conjunctives: an(^ for the Demonstrative, it
uses" n^n, ille, this, pi. f^Vn, (iVVrr, iV^*, ':rr, im); ahc?
nit*, (nt*) auToj, that, modifyingq the latter with the preposi-
tions used in supplying cases. For the Relative u;, it puts"^ ^7,
1; and for the Int^rrogatives 'C, hd, it puts* M: and it
forms* some Comj^ounds, by combining different pronouns with
^n (from t^in), \~t (from t^^i), in the sense of the auxiliary.
4. In Verbs, it drops in the Indef. n, of 1st and 3d p. sing. teV-
48 HEBREW GRAMMAR.
minating both in ^; and ending^^ the 1st p. m. the od p. f. in j ;
but in the Fut. it prefixesx j for % sometimes omitting the pre-
fix. In the Infin. it addsy % inserting i before the last radical;
and it frequently supplies^ the Imperat. and Conjunct, by V and
the future. In the Part, it prefixes^ « for c ; and forms^ the
plur. in \ It adopts from the Chaldee, a compound tense'',
formed from the participle and personal pronoun ; together with
the Conjugations'^ Shaphel and Ishtaphel ; but possesses a pe-
culiar Conjugation^ in Nithpael, which partakes of the nature
of Niphal and Hithpael, and has a passive signification.
Examples. I. annNp ("i.tn Np)„ he said; iT^spt (-inxuO, who said.'
^s for (t) or (_), as '3N\r, >no, for ':^, '» ; i for (■..) or (t), as obo, nmsb,
for d'?2, \-^q): ^ for ( ) or (.,), as it-i-i^g, ntrs'N, for ^iJn?, ntr5« ; also for
(i) or dages, as ni^'n^*:? HDO, for ^"^^'^^y J^^J?. cDropping the first, in
ins, u'Dy, N3N, ]2N, -iQN, b^N ; the second in ^i^, nip, nyu;, o^bnn, mnn;
the third in r^f, r^j n^n, )0, nnu--, yau?, mn, ckc. ''*|mn3, as those,
\-rmn, both of them, p^^nirn, your flesh ; from inD, ]nn, ]o ieq.
^ib'BN, although, from f^^c, also, iVn, if: "ibobN, unless, from i^n, if, -n-
aud Nb, not ; n^b, is not, from Nb, not, rr-x, is ; N2^b, there is not, from
Nb, not, n'N, is, N3, here. 2. f-nD^ pi. imos niN, pi. nvmN : em,
pi. nim, in : ^Nmn% the Jews, 'N-ivn, the Egyptians, ''ins, a priest,
pan, 7nD bTr, of a priest, )nDb, ]n2 rr-, a priest : JNipN, to the scripture,
for Nnpb, Nip bN ; ^sn^rr, from me; i^ott, in it. 3. i^nij^, my father,
for ''a^f; ^nm, he cast it, from nm ; "'lava, in his days, for ^n";Dvn ;
]b, to us, for "lib; ]"nN, their light, for miN ; "^ob, to you, inb, to them,
for lob, pnb. Syr. iD^by, upon you, from iid by. "^bir, 'bn, nn, mine •,
•bw, ibn, inn, his, &c. (See Chald. or Syr. Gram. p. 12. 1, 3.) nbn"
Nb iny, he said no ; ]nDr? ]^bn, these (are) defective; o'-Noa ibx, these
(are) the prophets j ]''b"'3n ibbn, these are the phylacteries; --bn >3n,
these words ; niyn imxi', that servant ; t-dh imN bu'q, of that pious
(person) ; yci im\Vl, to that wicked (person) ; ijut" N3>>f, he who
hated ; -,rT"3'Q ^n-', which among- them ; id^jd \"ibt, to which of you ;
in], VTii, this is; nni'N, \mT^N, which is? inn, what is? ^^'^f, in\-r, pi.
VI3'N, ir»3><, the very same. 4. unny N3n, I made ; ^pu'\, he made to
drink; '^<Dn"'NT Mnai, the maid who was led captive; win:)u?N (nshsu'n),
we have found ; ]^ln\y^f, they were praised ; xu,'TTr3, he will teach ;
Vbobt33, they will traduce 5 yniinb, to destroy; n"iS3b, to cleanse:
biiD"'bz, to raise; ibn^b Nbi, that he may not grow old. NnVa ^'N'b:^,
the thing was manifested ; ^ib^^n Nb, not having prayed ; rN3bo^ I am
able; N3^y2, 1 am willing: niQN, you say; miD, you think. (Vid.
Chald. or Syr. Gr. p. 40.) 'l^mu', it gave light ; mnnti'N, it was glo-
rious. (Vid. ib. p. 14.) <'unnn3, it was renewed ; nD3n3, he was tempt-
ed ; iD'n3, he was corrected.
END OF THE HEBREW GRAMMAR.
PARKHURST's
HEBMEW LEXICON
ji^m (Bm<Mmwdim^
mi)rili0^2)[ :
BY T. A. TEULON.
LONDON:
PBlNTBr BY C. TBCLON, 67, WHITECBAPBL,
ANP PCBLISHED BY 8HBBWOOD, HBBLt, AND J0NB8, PATEBNOSTBB BOW,
1821,
TO THE HEBREW STUDENT.
WHEN I first attempted to obtain the knowledge of that most ancient
of all lang-uages, the Hebrew, I commenced my undertaking by reducing
Parkhurst's Grammar and Lexicon to this small abridgment, for the pur-
pose of having a convenient instructor always with me. It has been
nearly, my sole teacher, and having used it for above twenty years, and
found it well adapted for the learner of the Hebrew, containing the sub-
stance of the language, in a compass which may be consulted at all times
without inconveniency, in the field or the house, at home or on a
journey, at small expence, snd yet of more general utility, from its
rery portable size, than larger works. I now submit it to the public, with
the hope, that it may prove as beneficial to others as I have found it for
my own improvement.
I do not pretend, even to suppose, that its use will render useless such
excellent larger works as those of Buxtorf, Taylor, Parkhiirst, and many
others, but as these never can become pocket companions, the use of this
will enable the student to consult them with advantage, and prepare him
to attain all those improvements from them, for which he can alone be
prepared, by that habitual, andevory where intercourse with the language,
for which their size renders them incapable. If the learner finds it a most
useful pocket companion, and the learned a convenient assistant to his
studies, and a safe refresher of his memory, it is all that I can expect or
desire from it. ^
Mr. Bagster of Paternoster Bow having published a very beautiful
stereotype pocket edition of the Hebrew Bible, I have had this printed of
the same size, not only as being the most convenient for portability and
consullation, bat as a valuable companion to that admirable work, for any
one who would wish to bind them together j I have also, for the same
reason, printed a few of the size of Mr. Bagster's beautiful quarto Polyglot
edition of the Scriptures.
T. A. T.
ALPHABET.
Hebrew Name.
Characters.
Fiuals.
English
Sound
Figures.
Aleph
H
2
1
Beth
2
b
2
Girael
J
&
3
Daleth
"1
d
4
He
n
e
5
Vau
1
u
6
Zain
T
2
7
Heth
n
h
8
Teth
t3
th
9
Yod
1
10
Caph
3
1
k
20
Lamed
b
•
30
Mem
a
a
m
40
Nua
J
?
n
50
Samech
s
60
Oin
r
70
Pe
3
1
P
80
Tsaide
5f
V
ts
90
Koph
?
q
100
, Resh
■)
r
200
Shin
w
s
800
Tau
n
■'
t
400
HEBREW GRAMMAR.
1; Hebrew is read from the right hand to the left.
2. », n,«i, ♦, y are Vowels, all the rest are Consonants.
3. Where there is no Vowel between two Consonants, supplj in
reading a short a, or e, asn3"» pronounce debfr.
4. Pronounce the written Vowels long' and strong, the supplied
ones short aird quick.
5. A root is a word usually of three Letters whence others are formed,
6. The eleven Letters forming the words sSaVHiyo, \r\^i/i, are servi^'e
or serve for the grammatical inflexions, &c. Sec.
7. The other eleven are radical, or always make part of the root.
8. Serviles are often radicals, but radicals are never serviles, ex-
cept D when used for n.
2. OF NOUNS.
1. Nouns or names, are of two kinds, Substantive which denotes
a substance or thing, as v»», a man; and Adjeclive, which denotes
some quality of the Substantive, as ^Itfl good.
2. Nouns in Hebrew have two Genders, Masculine, and Feminine,
and two Numbers, Singular and Plural.
3. Most Feminine Nouns end in n or n servile, most others are
Masculine.
4. Feminine Nouns are formed by adding n and sometimes n to the
Masculine, as SVtam. nsitafem. nyo an Egyptian Man, n'nvD an Egyptian
fVoman^^nd sometimes a letter is dropped, as pa Son, r^^ a Daughter.
5. Theplural Masculine is formed by adding a» and sometimes only
n to the singular, as "|'^C a King D^sSo or ES*?a Kings.
6. The plural Feminine is formed by adding n to the Singular, as
^K a Land.nixns* Lands, or by changing rt or n into n as nnin a law,
n^nin laws; orr.«intoni»asrinyo plu. nvnvo, but in Feminine Plurals
the"» is often dropt.
7. Feminine Nouns have another plural, formed by changing,*! into
Cn as ncnn a damsel, pluraln*r»cr,n,this plural oi^en "denotes only two.
8. Nouns Feminine singular in Regimine change n into n, as m*n
a law, nVT f\n\"\ the law of Jehovah, TWH a woman, *in"i'K hisurife.
9. Nouns Masculine plural in kegimine drop their c, as d'sVo
Kings, 'p» "^z^^ Kings of the Earth, so nouns feminine plural in cn
when in Itcgimine, drop their D.
10. A Noun is in Regimine when in construction with another
Noun, as •^•\KnV» King of the Country, or has a Pronoun suffix, as
^5^0 his King.
HEBREW GRAMMAR.
3. OF PRONOUNS.
1. Pronouns stand instead of Nouns and are of three persons.
1. *Ji{,»nK sing. /, whence k pref. forms 1st. per. sin^. future.
♦npost 1st preter.
♦ or 'J post, me and mine'
i:» plural ice, i pref. forms 1st per. plu. future.
1j post 1st preter.
1J j>ost. Its and our- ''
II- riN*,»ri« sing, thou, r\ pref. forms 2nd per. sing, future,
n post....... god preter,
♦ post, to 2nd per. fera. sing, future
♦ post, forms 2nd imper.
nnstsiug. thee, -i post, thee and thy.
cni* m. plu. ye, nn post, forms 2nd per. ma. plu. preter.
n pref. to 2nd future.
niHN.^nK f. plu. ye, n pref. and nj post, form 2ndpcr. fern. plu. fa
^n post 2nd preter.
D3ri»m. plur. you, D3 post, ynu, and your, mas.
pnxf. plur. you, p post, you, and your, feminine.
III. S*in,K»n sing, he, she, ♦ pref. forms 3rd. per. sing. mas. future.
i^lia post, him, and his.
n post, forms 3rd per. fern. sing, preter.
n, na post. her.
DM, "lara. p!u. f/iff/,npost. toSrd.per. plu. pret.fu,
D. QHID, post, thtm, their, mas.
r\iT\,\n f- pill, they m post, to 3rd per. fem. plu. fu.'
|n. T) 01' ni post, them and their fern.
2. The parts of Pronouns postfixed to Nouns and Verbs, and de-
noting my, me, thy, thee, his, htm, -Aud their plurals, are called pro-
noun suffixes
3. The parts of Pronouns forming the persons, &c. of Verbs, are
called personal affi.-.es.
N.B. Compare this Table of the Pronouns with the following
example of a Regular Verb iu Kal. 4.
4. OF VERBS.
1. Verbs signify to do, or to be.
2. In Hebrew they have three Conjugations, Kal. Hiphil, and
Ilithpael.
3. Kal denotes simply to do, asn|5& Jte visited, its passive is Niphal,
which prefixes J in Ihepretcr tense, and signifies to be done, as Tp&a
he was visited.
^
Tli. HEBREW GRAMMAR.
Hiphu prefixes n in the preter, and inserts ♦ before the last
radical, and siguilics to cause another to do, as l»pDn, he caused to
visit ; its passive Huphal generally drops the ♦.
Hithpael is formed from Kal,l)y prefixing nn in the preter, and
signiHes to act upon oneself, as IpSnn ke visited himself; but is often
passive.
4. Verbs in each Conjugation have three Moods, two Tenses or
Times, one Participle, (ICal has two) two numbers, three persons, two
Genders.
Participle is from participo, partake, because it partakes both
of the nature of the verb, and the adjective ; so far as it expresses the
circumstance of the noun, it has the nature of the Adjective, but as
implying the action of some Agent, it has the nature of the Verb.
Example of the Regular Verb lp3 to visit, in Kal,
INDICATIVE MOOD.
Plural Preter oc past tense. Sing.
^TpS They She n TJ53 He 3
Fcm.p DnTpS Ye finpa Thou 2 J-Person.
mp3 We ♦n-r|33 / 1 y
Plural Future tense. Sing.
Fem.nj n TJ?&» They She nipS* He S ")
Fern. Hi n npsn Ve Fern.' mpsn Thou'2 S Person
np53 IVe «7J5SJ^ / t}
INFINITIVE MOOD.
Tips and TpS to visit.
Plural Participle active or Benoni, visiting.
Feni. ni D^nplsJ Fern.
Pliiral Participle passive orPaoul, visited.
Fern. ni anipS) Feu n and n *Tip3
IMPERATIVE MOOD.
FcBB nj 'npS Ye Fem. ♦ ^pa visit thou,
5. Throughout all the Conjugations the Personal affixes are added,
and the Participles declined, as in Kal.
6. In Niphal the : is prefixed only to the preter and the Participle,
but n to the Imperative, and to the Infinitive.
7 In Hiph. Huph. and Hith. the formative ,1 is al^ajs dropt after
nnother servile, so throughout the future; and D is prefixed to the
Participle of each.
8. Huph. is the same as Hiph. the formative ♦ being dropped as it
oHen is in Hiph.
0. Inth& Hitb. of Verbs beginning with V, or 0, n is transposed, as
in nont£?n for nctt'nn and in those with », n is changed into O as in
pT^vj for pivna. ^
HEBREW GRAMMAR. jx.
5 OF IRREGULAR VERBS.
1. Irregalar Verbs are either defective, which sometimes drop a
Radical Letter, or Reduplicate, which double one or more Radicals/
2. Defectives have either but two Radicals, or ♦ or i for their first
Radical, or n for their last.
3. Verbs of but two Radicals oftentimes take "» before the latter, as
D1V» from avf, and in Ruph before the former, as a^)^T\ from Qp.
4. Verbs with ♦ for the first Radical, often drop it in the Future,
Imperative, and Infinitive of Kal, to which last they postfix, n CHpS to
take^ follows this form)and in Niph. and Hiph. they change their ♦ intoV
5. Verbs with 3 for their first Radical, drop it in the Future, Impe-
rative and Infinitive of Kal, (to which last they postfix n) and in tbe
pretcr of Niph. and throughout Hiph. and Huph.
6. In Hith, the two latter kinds of Verbs are generally regular.
7. Verbs with T^ for their last Radical, often drop it or change it into*
and before a T\ servil^ into n and generally form the Infinitive by
changing n into r\"l.
8. Verbs that have ♦ or i for the first Radical, and n for the last, are
doubly defective, i. e. sometimes drop both the first and the last Radical.
9 The Verb ]ni often drops both its i's.
10. In Verbs, K is often dropt after a servile I?, and i apd n, before i
and T\ servile.
11. Reduplicate Verbs are declined regularl)'.
12. Except that those resembling SS;j in some forms, use 1 instead of
the last letter, as*n'\3D for ♦ra2D and in Hith. and sometimes in other
Conjugations, take "J after the first Radical as in i"\3nn from JS in Pifiiy*
from f\ty.
6. OF SYNTAX.
1. The Adjective generally agrees with its Substantive in Gender
and Number, as 3.112 tt^^K a good man.
2. A Verb generally agrees with its Nouns in Gender, Number and
Person, as T'\'*r\ VniT) the serpent was.
3. ^ and, prefixed to Verbs in the future, denotes succession.
4. 1 and, prefixed to Verbs, often supplies the signsof the Grammatical
inflexions, as nttfsat and subdue (ye) it.
5. Infinitive Verbs have s«)metimes the particles 5, S, S, O, prefixed,
of which Particles see vii. 2, 6, 7, 8.
7. OF THE USE OF THE SERVILES.
1. H prefixed forms 1st person singular future of Verbs.
2. D prefixed, in, &c.
3. n prefixed, sign of Conjugation, Hiph. or Huph. postfixcd, denotes
a N. Fem. also 3rd per. Fem. prater, likewise /ler, to, towards.
hibd c0n3dg5titoi:
hithIpa|ei.
SECOND
HOTHAl.
CONJUGATION.
HIFHIL.
FIRST CONJUGATION.
NIFHAL. 1 KAL.
1
I
f
3
<
1
Feminine.
il».culi.e.
Feminine.
H«cu)in.
Feminine. ,
Maseulin
Feminine.
Mascniin.
.Feminine.
Mascnlin.
■ipBT-n
"mjJBrn
amparw
uipsnn
mptn
tmpBn
Dn'ps'n
inpBn
impsn
i«pBn
Dmpt'n
iiiiiBn
nips:
inipsj
■.tjJBl
WpB)
tmpB
1PS>
=^?^B
vnpB
^.in,.
3 plur.
2
n;■tpBn^
nniisnn
-ipBH-
■nsBIT
npflnr
-.pflm
The same as Ae/uture
o{Nifhal.
n-psn
rerpsn
TpBlt
ll-ps-
■n-psn
TPB3
nnpBn
njnpsr
nnpsri
nnpsr
flpB'
npsn
ipBJ
3 pinr.
mysm
iparn
Hath none.
rUTpBH
Tpsn
iTpBn
n;;?K
ipBn
^^pB^
npB
-.pB
^^pB
2 'Z'
IMPE.
RATIVE
•ipsrn
Thcsaineaslhefn/fni.
Tpsn
ipBn
oripB
TPS
INFINI-
TIVE
- or mpDPD
rnpBno
ipsra
D-ipDrn
n-ormpsnl npBO
nnpso D'-ipBD
r- or nl'pBD
nM'pBn
I'PBD
D'TpBO
n-ornipBj
niipsj
D-ijjaj
n- or mpiB
nnpiB
■Ip>B
D«npiB
p/^:
Particip.
Benoni
1
n- or rn>pB
■lipE
0-.1PB
;;:^:
Particij
mioioe Marks in Hiihpael are the sanit
rative, Visit than. Infinit. To visit,
al, JJe 15 umJfid .
bal, He eaused (o Vs visited-
Kal. Pretpr. J visited. .Future, J sAa« tnsif.
Partieii)le Bcnoni, Visiting, Paoul, rwiied.
Iliphal, He caused toinsit. Participle, about or going t
Uiih]iaei J He visited himsel/f or was visited.
HEBREW GRAMMAR. ix
5 OF IRREGULAR VERBS.
1. Irregnlar Verbs are either defective, which sometimes drop a
Radical Letter, or Reduplicate, which double one or more Radicals.*
2. Defectives have either but two Radicals, or ♦ or 3 for their first
Radical, or ,1 for their last.
3. Verbs of but two Radicals oftentimes take 1 before the latter, as
DW» from dV, and in Huph before the former, as DpIH from Dp.
4. Verbs with* for the first Radical, often drop it in the Future,
Imperative, and Infinitive of Kal, to which last they postfix, n (r\^ to
take^ follows this form)and in Niph. and Hiph, they change their ♦ intol.
5- Verbs with 3 for their first Radical, drop it in the Future, Impe-
rative and Infinitive of Kal, (to which last they postfix n) and io tbe
preter of Niph. and throughout Hiph. and Huph.
6. In Hith. the two latterkinds of Verbs are generally regular.
7. Verbs with T\ for their last Radical, often drop it or change it into*
and before a n servilp into n and generally form the Infinitive by
changing H into T\^.
8. Verbs that have ♦ or i for the first Radical, and n for the last, are
doubly defective, i. e. sometimes drop both the first and the last Radical.
9 The Verb )T\l often drops both its i's.
10. In Verbs, K is often dropt after a servile », and i apd n, before i
and r servile.
11. Reduplicate Verbs are declined regularly.
12. Except that those resembling SSj in some forms, use 1 instead of
the last letter, as^n^SD for ♦n213D and in Hith. and sometimes in other
Conjugations, take "J atter the first Radical as in iisnn from JS in PiSiy*
from ^Sy.
6. OF SYNTAX.
1. The Adjective generally agrees with its Substantive in Gender
and Number, as iltt W*« a good man.
2. A Verb generally agrees with its Nouns in Gender, Number and
Person, as TVT^ Vnin the serpent was.
3. 1 and, prefixed to Verbs in the future, denotes succession.
4. > and, prefixed to Verbs, often supplies the signsof the Grammatical
inflexions, as nttfSDI and subdue (ye) J^.
5. Infinitive Verbs have sometimes the particles 5,5, S, D, prefixed,
of which Particles see vii. 2, 6, 7, 8.
7. OF THE USE OF THE SERVILES.
1. M prefixed forms 1st person singular future of Verbs.
2. D prefixed, in, &c.
3. n prefixed, sign of Conjugation, Hiph. or Huph. postfixcd, denotes
a N. Fem. also 3rd per. Fem. prcter. likewise Aer, to, towards.
t SlS»1 pref. 2 to the two Radicah S&J
:{:i;?1 pref. ♦ tothetvYo RadicalsyT
§ ap insert 1 and the Root will he QV"?
J! ^y1^ affix nand fho Root will. be nvy
^ Sj the last Radical doubled SSj
3. nprefixed,si<rnofConiu{jation,Hiph.orHuph. postfixcd, denotes
a N. Fem. also 3rd per. Fern, prcter. likewise /ler, to, towards.
X. HEBREW GRAMMAR.
4. 1 prefixed and inserted after 1st Radical, forms participle active,
after 2nd Radical forms participle passive : — postfixed him, liis, and
3rd person plural of Verbs, also forms Nouns, prefixed converts perfect
tenses to future, and future tenses to perfect, always excepting —
When the word to which 1 is preSxed, follows a Verb to which 1 is
not prefixed in the same sentence, the ^ is then only conjunctive, and
must, with all the other Verbs with thel prefixed in that sentence, be
construed in their own proper tense.
A 1 prefixed does not convert any Verb in the Imperative mood,
nor any in the future, which in the same sentence follows an imperative.
After an interrogation either of the emphatical n or ♦O or DD the
prefixed 1 does not influence any Verb in the present or future, but
does in the perfect.
If a future tense be put for a preterperfect (wh"c".i must be by
having a pref 1) precedes a preter tense, (having also a, pref, I) the
latter is merely copulative.
5. ♦Prefixed, 3rd. per. Mas. future, sing, and plural of Verbs, also
forms Nouns; inserted, forms Conjugation Hiph. and nouns postfixed,
denotes names of people masculine plural in Regimine ; also nie, mine.
6. 3 prefixed, like, as— Fosi&xed, thee, thine.
7. S prefixed, tn,for.
8. !2 prefixed, participle Hiph, and Huph. whence it forms Nouns,
also, from. — Postfixed them, their, masculine.
9. J prefixed to preter and participle, Nipb. also forms 1st. person
futnre plural of Verbs and Nouns, postfixed thenif theirs feminine.
10. 'if preHxed, who, which, that.
11. n prefixed, 2nd person future singular and plural of Verbs, also
forms Nouns, Postfixed 2nd. person sing, preter. of Verbs,also used in
Regimine for n and forms Nouns.
TO FIND THE ROOT.
The serviles cast oft, if three * radicals remain,
These three you will find, the words true Rooito contain;
If only two radicals are then to be seen,
:f or ♦! place before, or insert 1§ between ;
Or n'l affix after, or last radic. ^double,
A nd most roots you will find, without farther trouble,
Or if but one radical you only should find,
Prefix i or ♦, or n or: put behind.
EXAMPLES.
* J'TpS'l the three Radicals 1|5fi are the Root,
t r^V^ pref. 3 to the two Radicals Ssi
X'\yil pref. ♦ to the two ftadicalsyn*
i ap insert 1 and the Root will ho CIS
_Y — |- • •-•■>- ••.^.,1 ,.111 KS. l_J liy
!' tt'y»1 affix nand the Itoot uill be nvv
«[I Vj the last Radical doubled SSj
THE POINTS,
Without entering on the question of their authority, it will be useful to notice the
Points used in reading.
The points:— lake it for granted that all the letters are consonants, and the points
are themselves the vowels.— nbicii are divided into
Long, sound. Short, sound. Very short, sound. Shera. sound.
a at.
e open. e loved.
a
T
e
far.
^reat.
a
e
lasu
bed.
i
dinner.
i
diet.
b
•u
pole,
tune.
T
u
lot.
bulk
OBSERVATIONS.
1. The points are pronounced after the letter they n re under.
2. The short a, only, is pronounced before them under iT..".
3, When the Sheva is pronounced it is syllabic-il, at other times mute.
♦. A dot placed in the middle of a letter ss 3 is called a Dagesh, and double? tiie
letter sometimes, as b. b. insteadofb. and at others harden it."->nn never adiHit
of it. N and "> very seldom.
5. In n it is called Mappik, aud gives it the sound of ah.
6. The absenceof (he Dot leaves to the litter its natural sound.
7. "^ The symbol of the long a and the short o, is alivavs a, except when the letter
follovving has the middle or Dagesh point, wlien it has the S"U!idofo; and also
when the letter following is pointed with the Mute Siieva, unless a uu'.v'v is
placed between the Sheva and it, when it gives the a sound, and makes the Sfivva
syllabical.
B. The Sheva : is syllabical. i. At the beginnin? of words. 2 ^vben two Shesa's
follow each other in the middle of a word, the latter is svHnbica! and the Ji)riu*r
mute. At the end of words they are both mute. 3. It is syllaiiical when a )o)i<,' v»kU>l
precedes it. i. Also when it is preceded by a Dagesh. 5. And when two letters alike
follow each other, though after a short vowel.
9 The Sheva is generally mule. 1. after a short vowel. 2. ]f affixed to ' ft »i.e
besinuingof a word it is changed into the shoit i.
10. Of the v< TV short vowels the a is generally adopted when it precedes a
guttural, in the middle of a word the o is sometimes used for the same piirpose. and
the e when any guUural preceded by the semi-point comes in ihe niiiidle of a word,
and it is always put beneath the K in words beginning with ♦^l*-
From these observ,itions it may be noliced that readiiiu the Hebrew wiibint pjiuis
supposes the K.is a., n is e. ^ is u, * is i, and y is o, wjieu two tonsouaats
follow eai h other, ilie short e it) tusr-rted between them.
Inreadin? with the points hU the letters are c^as'^jiants, ap4, the poinU are the
vowels to the words.
Genesis xxxvii. 3.— "Now Israel loved Joseph more than all his other l)reiihreii,
because he was the son of Ins old age, and he made him a co'fttof two' colours."
1^ ^^n D^jp;. ]2 '^s v:2 h^t? ^ov nx 2n^ ^^^^^.]
lo hoo zekunim ben ke bannav mikol Yosseph elh ahab Vesrael
Uvau tva xeqniia ben ci beoiV« ine-cel Jiisep at. aab , V<i l«hral
ilise|» rtl . «inu 1 »«• inuini
pai>iin. kethoneth lo vheng-asah
pesiai. ceteuct Iev«u va-uiche
LEXICON.
nm
3lt to swell, heave, distend, I. n"l!2K bottles
of skin, n^K a botilc, a jug, Latin Obba.
2. 3t< as a n. mas. greenness, viridii j *3i<
fruifs.3. ^^3^t papvris. 4. S^ti n. mas. feni.
plu. ^^3^f ri35< lUe splnt of divinaiion, m.
divining damsels, ie:n. i. e. ventriloquists.
!J*3X new corn s'ili t:reon, swollen to iis
fall size. 3*3Kn C'lH the month Abib
of green corn.
*7UK lost missed, strayed, failed, ceased,
destroyed. 1. to be lost, destroyed, n. f.
mSK, and in llL-^im. mSK a thing lost-
2. undone, nigh to perishing. 3. lost, de-
stj'oyed, perished p^2H destruction. 4-
tv destroy, corr'.ipi, pervert, be prufligale,
A?aiixv Rev. U. 11.
nSKl.to acquiesce, be willing, submit. 2.
transitively, to consent (lo). 3. acquiesce,
rest content. 1. 3ft a father, ancestor,fir3t
author, origin, a father iii honor, governor,
protector, instructor, leacher, tender con-
stant benefactor. 5. lV!lt« Acquiescent
from poveny, poor, submissive. 6.
HJVSK satisfaction. T. Alas .' hence
At6» alas ! heuce abbot, abbess, abbey.
HDK noisy.
■12K to nwant up, be dispersed.
Sat* to be desolate, waste. 2. to mourn.
3. a particle, of sonow. Alas ? indeed.
Indeed in tru.h. Bui indeed, yet indeed.
SsfctjSniK a river, see "^S* 3. Der. A?cc?.i
alas ! oh that •'
^Sl* see ni3 a plummet.
D3K to stufif, cram. ^12^ a stall, crib,
D3K stalled, faaed, D2XO .-» storehouse,
magazine, fattening stall. Der. Obesus.
Obesity, boose, a stall.
putt to collide, v.-res le, s'.rugsle, small dust,
powder.
"V3t< 1. strong, stout, migh'y, or bulls. 9
the material heavensi the mighty ones. 3.
the wing of a bird, in which is his strength
der. Abiri, a city of Wiltshire so cailu d
from a Druid Temple dediaited to the
D''13H the material-heavens.
■!:iK in Chald. to bind, collect. 1. mjH
a bunch, bundle (of herbs.) 2. PMiH
the bunches or knots (of a yoke.) 3. m;iK
a close body or knot (of men) or baud
uf men. 4 mOX the cclesi-d fluid com-
pressing itself and the earth on every side.
Ps. civ. 13. Anios ix. 6.
im see .TJ pruning.
7Ji* see 7i a drop of dew.
Om see DJ a pond, or pool.
*J5? see p a hason, or goblet.
!^Jli* see F\ii the body (of an army.)
*^;1I* to gather, collect. 2. WiJl* an epistle,
a letter,(froin rolling them up). 3. K'^J}?
Chald. ditto. Km:i» emph. 4. H^tlK
a small piece of silver coin. Der. Gr.
ayzir'jj to gaiher. Lat. agger a heap. Eng.
aggerate, or exaggerate, or heap up.
IK See ni' a vapour.
3^^* see 21 a groan.
alX to be red, reddish, ruddy 2. A rnhy
3. nClK ground vegetaoles, uoun see .lD"t
4. Man seeH-T- CIOTK intensely red.
\1^ a ruler, a sockei, see p. 2. Chald. a
paiticle see '|*nK ihen, at that time.
H^ to be or become magnificent, pom-
pous, illusuions, glorious, in Hiph to
magnify, glorify, "IHK magnificent,
glorious. 2. a magnificent robe, mantle.
3. Chald. threshing floors ♦mK 4. Chald.
Adai', the 12ih month the pleasant eastern
month February. Der. ««"? gieat, rich,
strong. Lat. adorea, glory, praise renown.
nni« to love.
T\r]^ an iiiterj«clion, ah !
^TTIft lo pitch or spread a tent 2. a settled
habitation. 3. tent 4, C^Snf? aloe tree?
l!gn aloes. Der. Gr. AvM, Lat Aula. Ecg.
hall. A>Mn Aloes.
3^f< see 35* a ventriloquist.
T!tt see m* a firebrand.
niJJ to desire, covet, lust after, choose, in
Niph. to be l;eau',iful, desirable, as a part
n. desirable things, HIKJ jewels, plea-
sant plHces, ^l* desire, appetiie, concupi-
scence. 2. W a p;iriiclc, implying
choice eillicr,o>- whether, or else, o-
iherwise, interrogative, an ? 3. as
a particle, 'WjIT'^t* oh! ah! woe. Gr.
0-^41 Lrit. Va?. 4. ♦« ah! what ! ♦« & n»K
Avherel 5. as an iuterjeciion, with S
folh^wing, 5. 'Kah! alas I woe ! 6. n'K
a vnltnre 7. D«» ditto, or jackalls. S.Ai,
the name of acouuUy. Der. avet>,de»ue
HEBREW LEXICON.
nn^
p«
tIN grossness. 2. gross, atnpid, sottish,
foolish. 3. ignorant, uninformed, uncer-
tain, dubious stale of inind,*Stf perhaps,
may be. Der. Teut. uvel. Eng, evil.
t» with p denotes a point of tioiefK ?D from
the, or that time. 2 at that time, then,
sometimes, 'Tf*. 3 at this time, now. Josh,
xxii. 31. 4. instantly, immediately, Ps,
Ixix. 5.
KT»?nT« and ♦!« Chald. make hot wilh fire.
Der. Gr- «^o to dry up, «^« soot.
3tK see UT hyssop.
*ltit Chald. escape, get away, Dan. ii. 5. S.
vTJ* to go away, go otf, fail. 2. Chald. to
go away, go, Ezra, iv. 2S. v. 8. 13.
|Ti« to weigh, D'JTS^G scales, Chald. K»J7Kt2
the scales. 2. the ear, to hear, hearken.
3. (o weigh, consider with attention,
Eccles. xii. 9.
p7K see pT a fetter.
"iVti to surround, encompass. ?. to bind
round, to girt, n^)N a girdle 3. to gird
(up the loins). 4. to gird (with strength).
ma seeinVone.
tinn in Chald. to join, connect. 1, Hit
ilegim. ^nK a brother, relation, cousin,
countryman, like, similar, rn« or n\nN
a sister. 2. n» an hearth or brasier. 3.
•inN a flag, sedge, or reed, for making
ropes. 4. HK a particle ah 1 hah ! 5. »Snt«
ah me! oh tliat! 6. a'>r\ii howling, or
uioaning mor.sters, or doleful creatures.
Tn« to catch, seize, lay hold. 2. to possess,
have in possession.
"inW behind, after. 1. Dnn« the back
parts. 2. IMK behind, 1 Chron. Ix. 10
Jiz. ii, 10. backwards. Gen. xlix. iT. Jer.
XV. 6. the west, Job xxiii. 8. Isa. ix. IS.
3. n*jnnK Backwards. Geii. ix. 63-
I. Sam. iv. 18. * . P^nPiN the hinder-
most, extreme part. Ps. cxxxix. 9. 6.
P"inK the hindermost, western. Dent-
xi. 24. xxxiv. a. Joel 11.20. plural,
D»:"ini«. G. as a panicle nriN and npX
after, after that, besides. 7. to delay,
postpone, defer, stay. 6- H^'ini^ end,
latter time, futurity. 9. plHK latter or last
tinjc. 10. an other, after, posterior. 11.
pitsterity, *'l^^t. Der. after other.
tDX 1. stoopi.ig, I Kings xxi. 2T. t3N7
toiidejccndlngly, gently. Gen. xxxiii. 14.
1 jai. viii. C. 2. □♦lOS conjurer, charmers,
from ihcir cvetpiu;;, Isa. xix. 3.
l^a Arab, to fasten, a bramble, Jud. ix. 14,
15. Ps. Iviii. 10. Der. A7cdnj, the Rhanuius
or Christ's thorn.
DtO^? to shut, close, stop. Prov. xvii. 28,
• Ps. Iviii. 6. I. Kings, vi. 4. Ez. xl. 16.
ptflS' thread, Prov, vii. 16. Chald. a rope.
Gr. O9ov5i. oSavioy. a linen cloth.
"ItSit to obstruct, shut. Ps. Ixix. 16. Jud. iiJ.
15. XX. 16. Der. Gr. «T«p but,«'J'fp without.
♦K to settle, 1. plu. a»»», Chald. |»»» settle-
ment, habitation. Job xxiL 30. Isai.
XX. 6. xlii. 4. 2. Where n»K. V». 3.
as a n. see HIK 6. 7. Der. Aj«, a regica
or country.
ya to be an enemy, infest, persecute. Gen.
xxii. 17. xlix. 2. an enemy, 2VH the per-
secuted one, Job.
"V)^ particle of degiring.or asking.!. how.' iu
what manner. Gen. xxvi. 9. II Sam. xi» 5.
IKings. xii. 6. 2. how much? Prov. v. 12.
as uparticle nS^S? thus, how, Deut.xviii.
21. II. Kings, vi. 15. to what degree,
how much! Jer. xlviii. 17. Lam. i. 1. ii 1.
S.Where, nD3'N II. Kings, vi. 13. Cant.
I. 7. 3. as a particle nSS'S, thus, how.
Cant. V. 3. Esther viii. 6,
7*N see 7l^ a ram, stag, or deer.
a»N terrible, Hab. I. 7. Cant, vi, 4. 10.
'jnQK Chald. terrible.
ya see ^K not without.
VfH see ntt.**,'a being, a man.
n*K see n* is, are.
|n*K .see THK strong, forcible.
it<partu7e denoting earnestness. 1. indeed,
surely, Gen. xliv. 28. 2. at least. Exod.
x. n. 3. Yet indeed, but yet. II Kings,
xxiii. 26. 4. indeed, only, Gen, vii. 23.
ix.4.
73N to eat, devour, Gen. ii. 16. xxxvii. 20.
33. xl. 19. Joeli. 4. the dcvourcr, Mai. iii.
II. Joel. ii. 25. Amos. iv. 9. 2 to corrode
consume, Lev. ix. 24. a moth, Job xiii. 28,
Food Gen xH. 86. rSsNO a large knife.
Jud. xix. 29. Gen. xxii. 6. 10. 3. to ac-
cuse, Chald.
pKsce p surely.
f]Di^ seeF]3 the hand.to urge.
^2t* see n">3 an husbandman.
^K to interpose, intervene, mediate, 1. Sam.
xiv. 24. 2. God, the inlerposer, intcrve
ner. Gen. xiv. 18. 19. Job. a^^i. 2«. 3.
the hca-en. Isai. xiv. 13.4. V«. 'VH a
leader, Ea. xxxi.2, 5, an interposing parti-
HEBREW LEXICON.
'!*:'«
|TJ<
cle the, that I Sam. xiv. 32. Th\^ these Gen.
, ii. 1*. G. not.no. 7. a particle, before
nouns, to, iuto, among, wiihin, at, near to,
towards, against, as to, couceiuing, for,
because. 8. 7S7 for, belonging to. 9.
nS» an oak. 10. pSt* another species of
oak. 11. ^S»N Chald. a tree ditto. 12. see
Sl» for SlS%»Vli<.S»l«,nS^Xr liJ. 7lt« de-
fence, aid. assistance. 14. HTJt Jnterpo-
sition. 15. 7'K an horned animal, a ram,
a stag, or deer, hind or doe. 16. C7*N
leaders conducting .their people, as rams
do their flock. IT. VX some kind of tree
18. the coins of .'^tone. on eacli,side of the
door frames. lO.SSi* S'Sx. *71^» nought,
vain, nothing; worth, D»7'7K, D7'7K
nullitie?, worthless. ' 7^K wo ! alas ! 7I7K
.Elul, the sixth month, August.
Tna to curse, denounce a curse, adjure. 2.
D*ri'7X he by whom men swear and ad-
lure, the names given to God, the Creator,
to Christ,Ps. xlv. 7. to the heavens by ido-
liitors, to the heavens as the agents of Je-
hovah, to judges, magistrates, Ps. Ixxxii.
6. but only as vicegerents, representatives
of God. 3. ni*7X a par. n. passive, ac-
cursed, or suiiject to a curse. 4. P/Nn
n. Fein, sing in Reg. a curse. 5. n*7N
, the tail of the eastern sheep.
'ha a particle from /N interpose, and ^ it,
if, supposing. 2. Chald. see, behold, lo I
rhH Arab, to grow sour, to be cotTupted,
leavened.
^ Sn ah to me ! from X ah .' and ♦*? to me,
ItJ* Chald. these, those.
D7N to compress, constringe, bind. 1. a
bundle or sheaf (of corn). 2 a band (of
men). 3. silent, mute. 4. D /K, dSv,
D7»N a vault, arched porch, or poitico.
5. r^lUfH vaulted porticoes or palaces
6. D'^IK a particle of firmnessjconfidence,
yet, not^^ilhstanding, truly. 7. T^iKhn
widowed, a widow. S. ♦J07K passed
over in silence, not expressed. Der, Lat.
Alumen, and Eng. Alum.
pa an oak, Chald. these, those. .
ff^a chief, principal, leader. 1- f^"* 7K chief-
taiu, a leader, a chief. 2. Ppa a chief
number, a thousand. 3. P)">Sh an ox, beeve^
♦. to lead, guide, teach. Der. EXefa;,
an elephant .
^7K to urge, leaze, distrtas. Der. '^^'^i trou
ble, an.^ety, from which came moles,
trouble, difiicuUy.
DK to support, sustain, comfort. 1. HICK
posts, pillars, supporters. Isaiah vi. 4.
2. a mother. 3. ditto in dignify,
protectress, instructress. 4. a mother ciiy,
metropolis. 5. the mother of a way, or
where ways part. 6. HOK a family, race,
nation. Chald. ditto, and N'DK. 7. that
part of a man's arm, wJiich supports him
in leaning, from the elbows to the tip of
the middle finger, about 18 inches, a cubit.
niDNcubits, Chald. ]'D» 8. nSK con-
firmation, firmness. 9. a particle, of
supposition, if, supposing, that, since,
though, alihongh, certainly, of inter-
rogation, whether, if, truly, in swearing,
denieth. 10. DK ly nuUl ON "^^'K l]f
till the time, that, QN »3 certainly. 2. but
in truth. 3. When indeed. Der. amo, I
love, mamma, mother.
DDX a maid servant, female slave, a bond-
maid. Der. Span, ama, a maid servant,
a nurse.
7CN to languish, be weaK, feeble, pine away.
7 7DX to be extremely weak. Der. ci^>.Q;
and afMX^T^vg weak, languid.
|DK steadiness, stability, constancy. 1. to
make steady. 2. nUDK stays, props,
thresholds. 3. to be steady, stable, settled,
confirmed, constant, established. 4. stea-
diness, faithfulness, amen, it is true, truly,
in faith. 5. to lend , take care of. a nur-
sing, or foster father. D'JON nursing,
njDN a being nursed. pCK a nurse child,
a darling. 6. to believe, trust, rely, de-
pend. 7. yi^a an Egyptian idol, the
fostering (sun.) Der. amen, omen, omi
nous.
VDJ? to be strong, vigorous, *IDKD exer-
tions. 2. a lively bright bay, or sorrel.
"\DK to branch out, spread, diffuse. 2, to say,
speak, a word, speech. 3. to branch out,
(an opinion, resolution) to conceive, form,
imagine, think. 4. Chald. a lamb. pi.
VDK a particle, '^rom tt'O to recede, time
past, lately, yesterday, yesternight.
TK labor, pains, activity, pt* labor, pains,
activity. 2, an Egyptian idol, (the sun),
C*JKn labors, fatigues, 4. to labor grieve,
pK grief, affliction, distress, wickedness,
iniquity, vanily. 5. as a particle of place
\^, see under HiN iv. i. C. HJH oh I alas •'
HEBREW LEXICON.
"IDK
lit
I pray. 7. njNn the fig tree, the grid
tree, D»J»n figs, pK to be exhausted,
]'\:ii Chald. these, those. ]'« uot,
without, none, nobody, nothing, 73 T^N
nothing at ail, r«3 all but, ]*»3 from
whence.
itJ« as a particle, seeKJ a. Chald. 1.
3JN Chald. fruit.
nJK occurrence, presence. 1. to occur,
happen, Ps. xci, 10. ^i^?^l an occar-
reace, occasion. 2. ♦JK I. liK we. 3. ♦:«
n^ili a ship. 4. a particle of place, or
tune, whither where, n:S* 1)f or |» T;?
how long ■? when, ]*N0 from whence.
nii? to sigh, groan. 1. Hni^ oppression,
sighing. 2, IPIJit v/e. Der «>'» grief,
sorrow.
njS a plumb line, from HSJ to hit. 2. a
pronoun ^23^ I.
Dii* 10 press, urge. Esth. i. 8. 2. Chald. to
give trouble, Dan. iv. G.
P>3H to breathe or snuflf with the nostrils, to
be angry 9. HSJK an unclean bird, ("the
hiton) 3. Chakl. face, countenance
plir? to moan, or groan. 2. HpJK a kind of
iiaard, Der. anguish.
«?3^ to be infirm, ill, bad. 1. to be sick, II
Sam. xii. 13. 2. to be hurt, wounded,
Job xxxiv. tj. 3. to be violently grieved
Ps. Ixix. 51. 4. bad, weak, frail, Jer.xvii,
9 6. a^tt^Ji? infirmities, 1 Sam. xvii
19.; G. VlJt*, a human being, a wretch.
rJ» Chald. thou, pnjK ye.
ODtt see GD a barn.
]0>? see p dissipation.
rj3H to gather, collect, take away. 1. to ga-
ther, collect, assemble, HISOK collections,
2, to gather in, collect. 3. to take in, re-
c«ive 4. to gather up, to draw back, with-
draw 5. to gather up, PjOKD the rear, rear
guard. 6. to take away, take off, with-
draw, wane. 7. to take otf, destroy. 8. to
recover, withdraw from, P|D3DK a rabble,
or mixt multitude. Der, Aff?:;; the asp,
from its coiling up. En hasp. , , -,-.
•IDS to confine, restrain, 1. to conflfl^re
.strain, bind, (with a cord.) 2. to act in
.iiiay, marshal, iJ. to conline, oblige,
bind, (by oath). 4. to restrain, or be
rt.Ftrained, (hy fc'ak) 6. tb Tiiy' uiidcr
rrstrrijnls, (by laivs ) 6; Chald ftto obligu-
lory dicrco.
y» and NJ;K Chaid. wood.
*7S» to bind clo.se. 2. *7&», and TISK an
ephod. 3. r\"7&W a waistcoat, vestment,
vest, the girdle of (he cphod, 4. pSK,
Chald. a pavilioit, royal tent. Der. airrvu
to bind.
n^K to hea^ through bake, Q^SKabaker,
flesh drest by firt. "a. an ephah, about
seven gallons and a half, the baking mea-
sure. 3. nS*i? where. 4. P^H heat, an-
ger, wrath. 5 . P]K the nose, plu. D*BK the
nostrils. ♦SK'? before, in the presence of.
6. a particle, verily, sunfly, indeed-
♦3 P)»yea,wlK>n. »3 f|S1 ar.d that, yea that
^. ^SN see T\ti ^Si^ tu face, (nose,) on all
. sides, to surround, encompass.
73X to hide» conceal. 2. thick, darknc's.
|3!< see ni& a wheel.
DDK to fai!,cease lo be.as n. end , extremity,
failing, sole of the foot. 52 as) a particle,
only, *D D5K only, because, nevertbelei«.
;?&N see n)?S a puff.
p^H to constrain. 2. to force oneself. 3-
D^p'SK compaci, firm, strong. 4. p*SK
a torrent, see p2i Der. u-Tyvi/w, Lat. figo,
whencq fix.
n&K see "IS ashes.
VK to press, urge, hasten. 2. to press upon,
straiten, confine, Der. haste, hasten, hasty.
SXK to set apart, keep, reserve, .iVifK a re-
serve, a something over. 3- 'O^'Hi persons
8Ct J<part, select ones. 3. near, hard by,
with. 4. ♦S^JfW arm pits, (retired parts.)
1VK to lay np, store, treasure up, ■>X1S a
treasure, an armoury, ni"lVt? treasures .
2. to appoint a treasurer. Der. the for-
mative n being prefixed 0>)2-avp; trca.
snry.
IpK the wild goat, w goat deer,
nN lo fiow, a river, Hood. 2. "IK* and
"TIN* arivef,8;ream. 3 "lIN light, used
for lightiiing, Uie sun, joy, prosperity, as
a vert/ to be light shine, be cnligtitcned
ani.^ streams, fluxes of light, '^iKC a
mean of liuht, (the .sun), a lamp. HIIND a
frame of orbs, giving or rellecting light. 4,
DH1K urim, lights, (and perfections), b.
. r"ll^D a lishi hole. G. to curse, i. e" to
pjonouucc, tlux, llectiug, vile. 1 Grass.
, iroin its Heeling, perishing nature. 8- "TIK
to ciubc gvcrtily. D'T\KO causing a
curoc, or dcstiuciion. Der. A>jp, Aer, air,
HEBREW LEXICON.
Kr.K
KnTi'i'?
also hora, hour, aurBm, gold colour
like the %iit, also year.
S">S to lie in wait, auibusb. ± na^S an
stmbusb, fissures, cracks, cb inks, holes,
li'.rkiog places, holes (ia rocks,) \vindov.ii,
opeiiiiig-s ('.ur the eyes.) 3, a locust.
JIK lo weave, a shutUe. Der A^o-X'^ ^
spider.
mK to pluck ofiFj crop. 2. Til^^N stalls.
S. a lion.
"HK Chald. see, behold, !o !
T^X as a n. a cedar, see ^71.
mx to go in a track, or high road, a tra-
yeiittr, a way, paiU, ro.'.cl, a way, niioner,
caslom 2. Hmx acustoiaary, or settled
allowance.
"•pJl to be or grow, lung, length. 2. to
lengthen, prulojig. 3. to advance, pro-
ceed, prosper fO'ii? advance, progress. 4,
■'iHU ChaJd. expe.lient, litting.
C^it, a n. j1J2*il a palace, see CH.
pK see p.
JjnxChaid. low, inferior. 2. Chald. the ;
earth. j
^"VK the earth, dry land.
p'^H as a u.Jem. Kp"lK Cfaald. the eaith.
*i"11t to betroth, espouse.
rxfire. 2- or C\^ is- 3. nrx a fire of-
fering. 4. WN, n^K, see Wilder T.r*
a person, or thing. 5. K'tt'lt Chald.
fooBdations G. Ti^^ffX or T^VCK foun-
dations. Wa to t e grieved, amgry, fiied
at oneself. ^CCiJ Uagous or jars baked
in fire. Der. Lat, asso, lo roast Eng. ashes.
ytH sec mST a strciia.
"ICN a testicle, oricitcr.
'T'w'X an oak.
Ctf S< to be gnil'y, liable to pauishmcn",
cuilt. damage. 2. NXCi? an idol.
jiCK see JW^K uu'icr^' the verys:ibst;!.nco,
P'tVii a sort of conjurors or majjicians-
r:St?K a qnivcr, Sf-e HSr. niSVN dung,
or durvghili, see ri-t*-
■>tt?It to proceed, go forwnrd, be successfii!,
jvrosperoos, a iiep, proceeding, progress
fi.4:a esteem, wish eucccsj to. S. ihe pro-
'. noun \\\\o the cojijunrtion tliat, because
_thau in the ni:ntl;cr that, when, where,
wbrrcas, "U'n3 a^, according' .is. 4.
mWX.and.Cn!^'^ a giove,' or idol dedi-
caicu to the material tcateng. the blesacrs.
5. nWKn the bo.K tree. 6. W~fc.»<
Chald. a wall, see "^*i*.
^r\H Chald. to come.
r.rttt io tome, come near^ approach, TiVrit
things coming, pHii* access, entrazice. ■-'•
^'^X a sign, or token. 3. mi? cDsigKs, 4.
r\i< n couitor, 6. ♦r\K me. C. HK ru^JT
thoa, of thee, thine. 7. a particle Til
the, the very, it denotes the ucciisatice
if the verb be active, but nominative if
passive or neuter. *in^K tlico, inKs
from him, with, to, lovvards HKO from
with, from the. 8. nrK, Kr» Chald. to
come. Der. at, with, the, thee, tiicu.
jflN strong, (like cone.) 2. ^PflH stioDf,
(like a fortress). 3. p^Ka she ass. i.
^ri'N strong, forciLJe, violent. 5. D*;r.X
the lih month, Sept. (i. priK a furnace.
priN see pr^2 a c!oi5ter er gallery.
■^r»< Chald. a place.
i:;2X see "Sl^ a belt.
CTi^aiX sec r;23 a species of melon.
Ti^ySySK see •"i>3 luir.oors.
"j^ax the talker o: blessing.
»*^83"VJX chargers, basons.
"l7Jn"tX Chald. uooies, prefects.
X'7T^*IX Chaid. magniticently.
i-~*TX a d.iric, aboni 26 shillings.
"^^TCniN Adramlech, an Idol.
xncnx Ectabana, the capital of iledia.
D'-S"myr:K viceroys, satraps.
a*iinwnK a large mule.
n3*N a particle v.here, in what
what appeai-ance.
N^S*X sec HKS where, here.
VSJ^K see C3J large hailstones.
C»111:Sn Thyne wood.
n'jw'7x ditto
\n'^i( sec S^^X widowhood.
QlpSx I he irresistible.
MP.Zft wc.
NJISDN Chald. speedily, diligently.
Kl3K 5CC XS here.
Z3n3X Ciiald. tribute, revenue.
TJ1X seo TJ!T a small case.
^^J*1X see CJT the purpura.
.p"^X CUald. purple.
*7Knx the lion of God. 2. J>.. .. .,
the hearth of ilie altar.
plac-: of
HEBREW LEXICON.
n3
n33
rOy^^ the hare.
n\imn see nnty sedition.
bwnK see vSn yesterday.
3 a particle, abridged from Hli hollow,
or D*3 within, in, within, among. 2. pre-
fixed to infinitive verbs, when. 3. to.
4. against. 5. with, together with. 6. con-
cerning, of. 7. into. 8. by, by means
of. 9. after. 10. For, on account of. 11.
according to. 12. upon, above. 13. of.
ttd to come, or go. K13D or 1?3D going
in, entrance, the final N of this root,
is often dropped. 2. to come, advance.
3. nS^Sn a coming in, a revenue.
**N3 to open. irnSS a pit. 2. to engrave
deeply. 3. to open, declare, make evi-
dent.
VK3 to sQnk, a slench..2. D'tt^K^ a stink-
ing berry the hoary nightshade. 3. T\Vh2
the aconite. *. to become loathsome,
abominable. 5. Chald. with Sy following,
to abominate. NH^^NS abominable.
33 hollow, empty, vain. 2. 313i hollow,
made hollow. 3. n33 the sight, or pu-
pil of the eye.
^3 meat, food.
1^13 a covering, clothes, 'an outer gar-
ment, a cloak, robe, coverlet of a bed.
a cloth covering foi the tabernacle. 2. a
cover or cloak, hypocrisy, falsehood. 3,
to use a cloak of dissimulation, deceive.
"?3 to separate, disjoin, seperate, alone.
13/ apart. ^D 137 without, besides.
•?37D besides. 2. flax. 3. D*T3 branch-
es. 4. staves, poles. &. the branching,
spreading limbs of the crocodile. 6. a
•Oft of conjurors. IIS to be all alone,
quite atone. Der, Lat. viduus, whence
widow &c.
K13 to feign, devise.
*n3 to divide, seperate, distinguisb, a-
part, separated. 2. 7»*J3 tin.
1^*'^ a breach, rupture, fissure,.
■^*I3 to scatter, disperse.
•13 ^JXZ hollow, empty, 2. n3 the apparent
hollow or pupil of the eye. 3. TSD an
ark, an hollow vessel.
tUtVi red marble, porphyry,
7,13 to hurry, be hasty. nSnS an hasting
away, terror. w*n3 haste hurry. 2. to
be agitated. 3. to be hujTied, terrified^
affrighted
Dn3 Ethiopic, and Arab, to be dumb,
nOnS a brute, a dumb beast, any brute,
any terrestrial quadruped of some size. 2.
nions the hyppotamus, or river horse. ^
^n3 the thumb, or great toe.
pn3 to shine, shining spots in the leprosy
"ins Arab, to shine very much. "I*n3
bright, shining, resplendent. mn3 a
shining leprous spot.
73 to spoil, plunder, strip. 2. to detract
from, reproach, upbraid. 773 to plunder
repeatedly.
N73 overwhelmed.
.'173 to despise, contemn, slight, mSi
despise. p*7il contempt.
p73 a flash of lightning.
172 to disperse, dissipate.
7n3 to nauseate, retch.
TPin to try, prove, examine. ^HS and
V\T\1 a watch tower. Der. beacon,
beckon,
"jns to admire. 2. a choice man. 3. 3 1H3
to look at with affection. 4. Eccles. ix.
4. should be. Iin*
Kt23 to speak rashly,
niai ditto Prov. xii. IS.
ntfl3 to hang close, cling. 2. to trust, rely
upon, confidence, S. D*nS23» fruits of the
melon kind.
7l33 to cease, leave off.
^fi33 Syriac to conceive, the belly. 2. the
belly or central part of a pillar. 3. D*Jtt3
pistachio nuts. Der. to batten, make
fat, or great bellied
♦3 from 3 to ♦ mc. attend to me, Gen.
xllii. 19. have pity on mc, Exod. iv. 10.
^*3 see ^3 between
h'3 see r3 large &c.
tt33 the name of a large shrub.
n33 to oose, to weep, shed tear«. 2. to
weep for, bewail, 8. an oozing *33«
133 to be forward, precede, to precede,
the first-born 1^33 a firstling. 2. Dni33
first fruits. 3. nni33 the first ripe fif • *•
a dromedary.
S3 to mix, mingle. 2. to confonnd, des-
troy (by mingling.) S- a Babylomsb
HEBREW LEXICON.
?=»
->r3
idol, Baal. 4. Sin see nSa- i. SuD
a flood, deluge. 0. vDD a mixture, con-
fusion. 7. the mixt globe of earth and
■water. 8. Sa Chald. the heart. 77^ to
mix very much. V?^. a mixture (of
provender.) ?/3n a spot or blemmish
in the eye.
K^a Chald. to wear out consume. Hl?^
old vForn out. 2, l?^ Chald. a kind of
tax.
i 72 to langh, smile.
n 7^ to wear, -naste away, 1- to wear, be
worn out. '1.2 old worn out (pieces.) 3
to be worn out (by age, disease, &c.) 3.
to wear out spend entirely, (time.) 4.
tire (by opposition.) 5, to wear away,
waste (as enemies.) 6. to, waste away,
consame (in the grave") ♦*?IS consump.
tion, dissolution. T. nri72 wasting., 8
n*7ir\ dissolution, destruction, g. ^12
tlie 8ih, month October, provender,
the rotten stump of a tree. 10. 72
a negative particle not, in no wise,
that, not, lest. 1*73 a negative particle
iiot,withoat. 19. *n'?2 as a particle, not,
unless, besides, before a noiui but,
except, Der. Old Eng. bale, mischief,
destruction, whence baleful.
D 72, to contine restrain, 2. nD*72 that
which binds or restrains, a tether, bridle.
D72 to scrape, scratch.
J?72 to swallow, swallow up. 2. to
fewallow up, (remove out of sight.) Der.
belly, Lat. bellua.
2572 to ravage, lay waste. Der. bleak,
blight.
»TO2 to be high, elevated. !♦ high place,
a hill, hillock, wave.«. 2. an high place,
or lofty altai- dedicated to the powers of
the heavens.
1tt2 see lO under !1D in, into, the, very.
]2 to divide, scperate. 1. to destingiush»
discern, understand, nj'2 discernment,
discretion. 2. as a particle, j*2 between,
within, iu the midst, repeated, whether.
3. nii»2 intervals. *. D*J2 an iater-
ferer, a champion. J32 to teach, instruct,
cause to discern.
T\:2 to build. \*J2 a building. ni2» a
frame, model, n'J2n a form, pattern,
model. 2. to build again, repair. 3. to
repair, restore. 4. to fortify. 6. to build
up, increase a family by children. C.
a son, a grandson, the o.Tspring of bi; d
or beast. D'J2 youth, young men. ♦w2
my sou, (a term of aliection.) D^nSx <jn
sons of God. (who resemble him.) p
rUvi' the son of a year, a year old.
p*7p »J2 children, (uaiives) ot tl^e ea^t.
7'n |2 a son. (a man} of couiat'e, 't
disciple, a .scholar, niSH p a son
[worthy] of beating, r^p p the so.t
of the bow, [an arrow.] fia 7. a d.inphter
a grand daughter, fei.Ktle young of a
bird. r\l:a young woman, 'na
my daughter, a tenn of affection, n^ii
DIKH daughters of men or[apo5ta{erN]r2
.1:^ D*yU'n a daughter of ninety years,
ninety years old, the daogbier (city,
commanity) of Sion. D'J2« stones, pre-
cious stones, a srone weii^ht, a stone
image, stone vessels, cisterns, tronghs,
stones for moulds, hail stones. ShSD p«
stone of tin, a plnmmett.
t2J2 a binding, band, knot belt, DJ2it a
belt, girdle. Der. to bind.
Di3 Chald. to rage with anger.
D2 to trample, tread upon. HDISn a tread,
ing down. DD3 a violent treading, Der.
French, bae, abaisser ; whence Eng.
base, abase, &c.
TD3 to reject, an unripe grape.
nyS Syr. and Arab, to remove. 1. after.
2. behind. 3. behind (for defence.) 4,
without. 5. *7;?2D from behind. Der. to
bound, limit. Qu? French, Bout, end,
extremity. Eag. but, butment, abut,
nya to swell. 1. to be bulged, swelling,
jutting- out. 2. in biph. to bubble, cause
to swell. 3. Chald. to seek, ask, request.
nj?2y3t« tumours, pushes, pustules.
^3 to kick [up. 213^3 to spurn at.
7j?2 to ha.ve, or take possession of. 2, to
marry. 3. Baal, the ruler.
^>?2 to clear off, take clean away. 2. to
clear away, consume, waste. 3. to be
kindled, barn (with anger,) 4. to cleai-
off [iu grazing.] 6. a brutish person.
ny2 to disturb, affright. r:ry2 terror.
\'2 soft mud. 2. ^1^ Byssus, 3. D'XO
the eggs of birds.
Ky2 soft mud, mire.
''i2 an onion.
>*y2 to break, cut off. 3. to finish, com-
IIEJ5REW LSXlCa.V.
^'\2
r\2
plcte. S. to clip, or cut silver for Mo-
ney. 4. gain advantage, 6. lo defraud.
j3tl to be made soft by moistening. I. to
be made soft, tender. 2. moistened meal>
paste, dough.
■>yi to restrain, shut up. 2. to inclose,
fortify. 3. to house, gather in. 4, rn^2
or n^'^^^ drought. Der. a bazaar.
p2 to empty. 1. to be empUed. 2. to emp-
ty, exhaust. pp2 to entirely empty,
papa a bottle. Der. Lat. Vico.
J?p3 to sepcratft, cleave, split, burst. 1. to
cleave [a rock.] 2. break forth. 3. to
split, cleave (wood.) *. to divide, sepc-
rate. 5. to tear in pieces. 6. to rip up
7. to break into a camp or city. 8. to
hatch as eggs. 9. to break forth, as
light. 10. to burst, rush forth, as wind,
H. a breach, in a building. 12. a shekel
broken, an iialf shekel. 13. Hj/pQ a val-
ley, or break between hilis,
")pi to look upon, survey. 1. to look,
search, examine. 2. to look for, seek.
a. to seek, enquire, 4. ITlpi an enqui-
ry, animadversion. 5. morning light.
G. a beeve. "^pil ji a calf. Der. per.
haps, Lat. vacca, a cow.
tt^pH to seek. 1. to seek, to search after,
a lost thing. 2. to seek an unknown thing.
3, to seek, require. 4. lo seek, endeavour
to obtain. 5. S Vp2 to seek to do. 6.
to seek Jehovah (in worship.) "i. tt?p2
VSi HK to seek the life, to endeavor
to kiU.
■<3l to clear, cleanse, purify. 1. to clear.-
cleanse (from chaff.) corn so cleansed.
n, clean. Hna pure, bright, (a sola,.
llame.) *^S pure ether. 2. the ciear open
connti-y. 3. "13 "112 ni"13 a pit, a well.
4. to purify. 5. to be pure, pmiiy. 6. a
son, child, innocent, (a bcarn.) 7. to
make clear, plain, mauifcst. 8. n»*»3
a purifier, puriGc.iiioii, purification sacri-
tice, salt wort, or sonic cleansing herb,
9. "^a "^1^ lixivial or alkaline salt,
10. mn Sya Baal the purifier. 1\.
.T'Ml a palace, a mctroixjlis. KU'l^Z
Chald. a palace. nVin'3 p.ilacos. 12
T13 to cleanse, purify thoroughly,
*ia^3 clean fowl.
W">3 to create, produce into being. 2. to
form by concretion of matter. NH^
plump, grown full {in llesh.) 3. to do
Bouieihiug wonderful, a new creation.
4. to be renewed, renew, make anew.
5. to dress, prepare. 6. Chald a field.
T^3 hail, congealed raiu. 2. grisled,
(wLite spots upon black.)
m2 to feed, eat. •T"13 victuals.
m3 to pass, fiee, flee away. n*"13 a fugi-
tive, run away. 2. a bar, to pass, shoot
along. 3. mn rni the straiijhl serpent,
crocodile, or sea monster.
112 to couch, lie down. 1 to couch,
rest, kneel, the knee. 'i. ri3"^3 a reser-
voir, a pool. 3. to blcs.9, give, promise,
Clike God.) 4. tow, (like man ) na^i
a present, a blessing. 5. to saluie, wish
a blessing to. Der. From "V^^ the knee,
perhaps the gaulish braaca, a part of
dress covering the knees, and Eng.
breeches.
D")3 □'C'na rich apparel. 2. Chald.
bur, truly, a flash.
pia to lighten, lightening. 2. a glister,
glitter. 3. np^3 a carbuncle. 4. p'^S
a thorn. Der. Bright.
8^nn tynn u.e fir or cedar. 2. c'wina
things made of fir or cedar. Der. brush*
n"^2 species of the cypress.
V^ to flag, grow spiritless, inactive. tfV3 to
flag very much, loiter, delay, be ashamed,
qtule confounded. Der. Bashtul, abash.
/'yJ-'S to concoct, ripen. 2. to dress with
file, roast, r\\7t^2.12 places for dressing
victuals. 3. as a particle see W in all
that, for.
Cii'Ii Chald. sweet, agreeable, an odori-
ferous plant or flower,
^VZi. to tread, trample.
Ittr'a to spread, spread out, 2. to spread,
spread abroad. ."HlVa news tidings. 2.
fiofhofincn, and all animals, the inner
skin, man, as infirm, and weak, soft,
pliable, carnal, scjjsual (appcliles,) near
relation, cousinguinity, the secret parti.
TO capacity, room, place. 1. bath, a
large measure, «even gallons and a half.
2. OTO receptacles. *n3 3. boxes. 4.
nir\3 capaciiics. b. n*3 large, inside
a house, (a resceptacle for man,) household
family, house, subMance, estate, a temple^
D*r3 hangings, canopies, pavilions, in,
within. C. a palncc. 7. TO the pupil of
the rye Chald. to pass the ni^ht.
HE B HEW LEXICON.
nzi
TJ
^7^3 Arab, to seperate, sever. 1. ri^ir3
a marriagable virgin. Q' nHH the marks
of virginity.
pr\3 to cat io pieces,
nni to divide asunder. *iril divisions.
•i. Cha'.d. after.
TnlZ a pearl.
♦"lySs withoat, besides, except.
Sv'^a unprofuableiiess, wickedness. 2.
worthless, -wicked, good for nothing.
3. worihlcss, ■wicked men.
St^I iron (tlie bright fuser.)
OiC3 see DJ in as much as.
"423 V3 see ■^3^ a long while.
'cSv3 see under V on account of whom.
HKi to increase, rise, swell. VMii a
rising up [of smoke,] a swelling. 2
H^i pi. niN*JI a rising groaud, lawn.
3. to be exalted. ^^KJ exaltation. 4.
proud, vainly, elated, lified up. \\^i
ami r^ai pride, liaughliness. Der. Greek
yaijj to be proud, exult, French, and
i£ng. gay, gaiety. Italian gioia.
^m to vindicate, avenge, recover, i
lo vindicate, recover, deliver. 2. to
rcaeeni (an inberitauce,) a near kins-
. ia?.u. n^Kiredempiion, right of redenip-
- tion, price of redemplion. 3. pollute^
defile, i. to avenge, take vengeance.
Zl gibbosity, protuberance. 1. the !;ack,
[of a man J 2. the base (of an altar,) or
back. 3. 3i;i the locust in its caterpillar
slate, 4. D*3JI a vaulted, and arched
room 5. 3J a brothel. 6. C*2J vanlted.
leservoirs (,for water.) or acquertucts. 'i.
*2i the bosses [ot a .shield.] 8, the felloe^
'-'•or ri:ij:3 ofa wheel. 9. r\2Jl felloes or
-' beudiuj;; rin-^s of ^\heeli. 10. the eye-
- brows. 11. C3^33 heap.?, banks, ridgeF,
1-2. Zi and K3:i a pit, dangcon. Chnld.
iJ. C*3i» bu6ba:u!men. ,14. pi gib-
4 ,^wis, liumpbacked. ril;*2J gibbosity,
'il5#'yni»iit. 15, Tli*3i cheese. Der. gib-
.i bou.s, &;c.
^^■S a pit, dileb, poo!.
TIIJ 10 be l>ii;h, elevated, lofty, height.
Jiuijes y. -2 to be elated, haiighry, proud,
1^'. i-h',iiie.^5. 3. lo tuke courage. 2. Ciiron-
'='>■!]. iJ. . Der. gibbet
n3> tJh'il'ci;*t)efore, forcbcad baia. ' ,;
C
733 to bound, terminate, a bound, limit,
border. 2. 7"I3J a land-mark, boundary.
,, Der. gabble, Islandic gabl, Eng. gabel.
|33 see 3i humpbacked.
y3J conicaluess 1. "J?33 a monntain,
or hill .slope. 2. J?*3.' a goblet, or a
large driuldng vessel, 3. D*y*33 the
bowls of the candlestick. 4. rl^SJO
caps, or bonneis.
^3J to be stiong, powerful, to prevail.
n"»'l3i sucngth, might, victory. 2. a
man. Cn^3J mighty men. 3. n^3i a
lord, master, chief. ri*\'3J a lady, mis.
tress. Der. Greek xvbfpvaw Latin guber-
no, French gouverner, English guber.
nation, govern.
'C?3J Arab, to shave off. 1. t-'^Si hail.
e?'D;iS» large hail stones. 2. W»3i a
large pearl, or chrystal,
ii Arab, to expand, a flat rcof or top.
li to ass?ult, attack, rnsb. 2. ^Mi banks.
3. *li a kid. 4-. coriander. 5. 1*JI a
nerve, tendon, sinew, 6. an heathen,
cod. IIJ to assault or attack oneself,
rmJ wounds, cuts. "jn3 an invasion
to invade, the surface of the ground.
7*73 to increase, grow great. 2. a cone,
or conical cluster of flowers. 3. 7*|J0
a lower growing wider from top to
bottom, a tariet, a pulpit. 4. to rang,
nify, makeilhistrio'is, to esteem greatly,
grow proud, liiumph.
V*^^ to break, cut, cast down, demolish.
^"13 to reproach, revile, blaspheme, defy.
^"73 to make -i fence, inclose, a mason.
<y*73 to heap up. l. filS a heap of corn.
2. a JK-ap of stones,
n3 fo repair, rd^fore. HHi fo heal en-
tirely.
"^HJ to stoop, bend downwards.
ni3 a body <.r society of men. 2. a body,
association. 3. '^3 a multitude, congre-
gation, people or nation. 4. an animal
body. 5. firmness, obsliur.cy. 6. CLald.
the body or inierior.
J?13 to !>rb.-»r, pant for breath. 2. to ex-
pire, breath cut with pain.
T3 to take off, away. 2. eaten grass. 3. ^^
grazings. 3. to cut away, sbcar. 4. to
clip short, poll. 5. r\»T3 hewn ot pol-
lisbed stone. 6. I^-H a lopping, pruuiug*
TP to shear.
le
HEBREW LEnCO.V.
nV:i
^^
if]y to plunder, ravage, 2. *?1P the young
of pigeons. Der. guzzle.
D13 to cut short, or down, a locust, or
caterpillar.
J^fJ to cut, cut oflF a stmnp.
ITi to divide, cut off. nni^D iastru-
ments for cutting. 2, to cut or chew
eagerly. 3. Arab, to slaughter. 4. to
cut.polish. «. a polish. 5. to decree,
decide, cut short. 6. Chald. KnU
soothsayers.
ns to break, burst, thrust forth. 4. ^in3 the
breait or belly of crawling reptiles.
7H3 a live coal. 2. fiery meteors, flashes
of fire. 3. nSna a live coal, an only
son. Der. a coal.
jflJ to bow down, fall prostrate, the
belly of reptiles.
♦3 and K»J see HKA and JTia a lawn or
valley
»]*:i see ^ai to strike.
^J to roll, (as a stone.) 2. to roll (as the
earth in its diurnal motion.) 3. (to-
gether as a BcroU.) 4. (as waters.) ^73
waves. /3 a spring, fountain, well.
5. fhi the bowl (of the candlestick.
6. Va revolution (of time.) 7- to exult,
leap, jump, (for joy.) Sl3 exultation. 8.
with S^* or Sy to devolve, commit,
trust. 9. a roundish heap of stones. 10.
ri^3 ronnd hemispherical tops, convex
without, concave within. 11 . /3J* a
globular drop of dew. 12. SjO a sickle.
773 to roll over and over. 0*7*73
folding, rings, rollers, pullies. hS'tJ
a border, limit, confine. 77.13 because
of. SSj dung. D^S'iSa dungy gods.
S373 to roll ovfr and over, the matter
of the heavens, whirlwind, thistle, down,
a wheel. Fwyfi the human skulls.
vh^ Chald. to discover, reveal.
373 a barber, shaver. Der. glib. Greek
-/Xty(pw Lai. elaber.
173 Chald. to congeal, cruet over, skin.
Der. Lat. gelidus. Eng. gelid. Welch
.caled.
^73 to remove, carry away. Chald. the
same. ri7^3 a transmigration, a removal.
!^> to remove turn back (garments.)
to uncover. 4. to discover, reveal, 5.
]V73 a mirror. 6. Q*J*73 transparent
^^rraents. Der. galei, or galeotoe.
n73 to shave.
D 73 to wrap, roll together, an embryo,
the unformed mass. Der.^ Lat, glquius*
^ng. globe, globular.
y73 to deride, scorn, taunt.
8^73 to shiae. glister, glisten. Chald.
tt^l73 bald. Der. gloss. Lai. glacies.
03 over and above, moreover, even,
also. D.1D3 as veil as. C3Jtt'3 in a9
much as, even since. 2. D^X a pond,
a pool. 3. a reed, or bull-rush. 4.
|03X a caldrou, or great kettle, a rush,
a rope.
^<'^3 to sup up, swallow. 2. the papyrus.
"703 shorter, contracted, 0**ID3 gamma-
dims, (a nation.)
.103 Arab, to appear, the conspicuous
part of a tbi.^g.
^Di to yield, return. 2. to wean a child.
3. to return, requite, recompense, re-
tribution, requital. 4. a camel.
"^03 Chald, to dig, a pit.
1DJ to perform, finish, complete 1*CJ
consummate, perfect. 2. (intransitivtly)
to fail.
p to protect, defend. 2. (a garden.) 3,
pD a shield, a defender. 4. W^D a
covering. 5. niJ3N a goblet, a bason
with a cover. p3 to protect entirely.
3W to steal or be stolen, a thief. 2. to
steal away privately, withdraw. 3. to
steal as the heart by deceit &c. 4-
with vK- to be spoken jecretly. Der,
Teutonic kuappen, Eug. to knap.
Xii to treasure up, Chald, ^Vi treasuries,
Ch.ild, N^lia treasures, Der, Lat. gaza.
Eng. magazine.
5^3 under ^"13 and Tt'^S-
ny3 to low, bellow. Der. a cow.
^y> to* cast away. 2. to reject, loath,
•filth. Der. a goal, Eng. gall. Creek
choler, cholerick.
nj^J to resirrtiti, repress, S. to rebuke
f hftk, Tnyjt a rebuke.
Vyj to shake as (an earthquake.) 2. to
shake (with terror.) 3. to totter (with
intoxication.) 4. to tost tbemselv«s. Der.
to gnsh.
P^3 see P|33 a body.
HEBREW LEXICON.
t:j
-n
]3a set f]:3 Ibe ▼inc.
*15J Gopher w«»oil, cypress or cedar. £.
n**lSJl sulpliur, brimstone. Dcr. Gr.
iiiixct,ftc7cro; Lat. cypressus. Eng. cypress.
"13 to sojouru, a stranger. *m2D pere-
grinations. C. '^''3 a wbclp, cab, "1^3
to sojourn contiuuaUy.
y^i a seal), scnrf, scurvy. Der. scurf.
"na to scrape. Der. Frmch gratter.
fm to e:rcife, move, stir np. 2. to
raise, draw np. ."?. to mmiuate, chew
the cad. 4. rniJlt2 a threshing floor.
5. pj a threshing floor. 6. "^3 rnbbish.
7. Chald, iO»J plaster of lime. 8.
^i the throat. 9. to saw. nnj^D a
saw. 10. a gerab, about 11 grains., U.
rWiR a small coin. ^TJ to be violently
agitated, to stir ap oneself violenlly,
tosanr, cat with a saw. THiTi ibe
throat or neck. C*"\j^3 berries or frnits
k-ft at the top of I be tree, (rAgiUton.'t
T^i to cut off. I.n 3 an axe or hatchet
V»3 a stone, mark, or lot 2. an inherit-
ance, portion, lot Der. Gr. 'y->-^f^^
cleros. Eng. clerk, clerical, clergy.
D-.i to make bare, clean. 2. a large bone.
Der. grim and grnm.
pj see rna a threshing fioor.
0*13 trt break or wear to pieces,
y^3 to tnbstract, abate, diminish. 2. to
diminiifa in;tke small. 3. to withhold.
4. to be subtracted, takea away.
f^3 to wrap, roll tcgettier. 2. the fist
clenched, ♦n>"l-5D clods. Der. garb.
Vm to e»pel, drive, tbrast ont. ♦nW^J
evpaUions. 2, to drive, cast, throw
ont, or ap. ^ to thrust out, put away,
divorce. 4. 8?*130 a suburb, 5. to
pn»b, tkrast forth (as vegetables.) Dtr.
g ass.
*tfy Syi. to touch, feel, search by feeling.
Wi to feel for repeatedly, to grope
afi'-r.
CVi heavy rain, Chal.l. a body, a pal-
pable substance.
ns a wine press. 2. D^rU wine preuing-
^yZi podded, or in pod, boiled.
■l-IJ Chald, a treasurer.
"^273 thald. and Persic a treasurer.
TQ7J a rock, concreted, barren, desolate
1^J3 a treasury.
13-:J set nn3 the throat a berry.
«T Chald. this,
nm to faint, fail. M^K*: fainting p3K'7
fyjutiiess. Der. Lai. debilis, whence
debility.
^iST to be in agitation, troubled. n3NT
agitation, nneaiiuess. -i. to be troubled.
(iisturbert in iniud. 3. fish.
ns*7 to fly. witli wings expanded. 2. a
kite. Der. a rtaw.
]iil see p to judge.
•^KT stc "IT a circular camp or village.
iT to maruiur, gromble. r»3'*7D causing
to murmnr. 2. the bear. ^2*1 to mur-
, miir lepeatedly. Der. Gr. itatoAOj- Lat.
diabolus. Gotb. dobo . Iilandic dut'a.
Eng. deviL
K3T strength.
n-*7 Chald. to sacrifice. nna"!D an altar.
^3^i a row, a layer.
SsT Axzb.
.\iab. to dry, dry op, wither. rh2.t
a cake of dried tigs.
p2T to adhere, cleave together. 2. soder.
3. to join, overtake. 4. with. HPIK foL
lowing, to paj|Htethard after, stick close
to.
■^2T to drive, Jesfid, a driving. 1. "^n'TO
a wilderness, aoViuiCultivated place. 2.
r-lnsn floats, rafts. 3. celestial flaid,
light 4. rnlZT as a bee. 5. to produce,
briJig forward, speak. 6. a word, a
speech, a matter, busii:ess. 7. T!S*l
the oracle, the speaking place, a. tbe
phtgae or pestileace, to sniite. 9. a
muiraia [of cattle.) Der. Gothic dcri*
ban, Eng. drive.
CaT Syr. to glue. 1. honey, 2. rW31
the lump upon a camel.
XI to multiply, increase exceedingly. 2,
fish. 3n to fish. ^3^^ fishing. 3. pi
corn. ^liT dajou (he Aleim of tbe
Philistines. Der. a dog. Gr. xi;wv.
7JI a luminous staudardj beacon. 2. a
light 01 lamp.
HiT to warm, to foster, cherish.
11 the breast, or pap (of woman.) 2. a
pot or cauldron, a basket. 3. GH*}
loves, the pkasures of love. 4. *in
12
HHBI^i:W LEXICOiV.
n^i
-ipi
a lover,
1 beloved one. 5.
r.imn. IT n^T
ail uncle, a
consul g^riimn. "7T fn-iT in* a be-
loved one, a dearly hcloved. ami-able,
mn an aiii.t. Der. dido. Gr. -r'T^oj a
breast, TJ^Ji. m9nvn Eug. teat. Welcli
tadd.
tain \^'TI'1 baskets. 2. □♦xTl"! mauilrakes.
nnn Chal<!. gold. 2. nnmo abounding,
' with gold.
Qn'7 overwhelmed, astoiiished.
"im to prance, spring, bound. 9. "imn
some species of tree. Der. deer-
nil to langnisb. be faiut. ^^*1 langour
sickness. 2. the female periodical lan-
nrtT to drive, impe!. push. *m a fall,
stamblia?. ^iniD ruin. 2. to dispel,
purge away. 3. to plunse, thrust (in
water.) 4. jHI millet. 5. pm Chald.an
itjstrnmeni of music.
Sm Chald. to fear. ^"Ul affright, ter-
rf r, terrible,
^m sec T\ni millet.
P\m to urge, impel, hasten. D^fiini
(^listened. DSHIO precipices, destruc-
tioii. Der di:ep.
pn*T tothruat, press upon, distress
*T fulness, sufHci'eucy, mf>re than plenty.
2. Chald. who, which, that. 3 for, be-
cause, of.
rin she l>iack vulture. 2 VI ink.
"p pi Chald. !bis, that.
K31 to break, brenk down, crush. 2. to
crish, humble, oppress, humiliation.
Ttrn to heat or bray HSID a tnortar. 2.
to break, (as bom-s ) 3. *2"T w;ivcs.
breakers. 4. to bruise, by crushing, o.
to beat down, afflict. 6. 01 bruisings,
caluninies. slauders.
P]3*7 r>S*21*7 the hoop or hoopoe [an un-
clean bird.]
*^D1 Chald. to remember. K*r^31 the
rpcorrls. 2. ^"1^31 rams.
311 to Uap, bound.
.lSl to draw, draw ont. ♦Si a bucket.
•2. to exhaust, be exhausted. 11 one ex.
hausted. nil *^^e poorest people, l<"nn.
thia. 3. nvVl branches 4. nil
hair, 5. St a door or gate, or lenf of
one. (;.
ninS
T leaves or columns in
writing. I^T to be entirely exhausted.
Der. dull. Lat. doleo. Greek "Xfu; Eng.
delete, deleterious.
nil to trouble, disturb (waters.)
Pj/T to drop, distil, a dropping. 2..t»
moulder, waste away, decay, a. to drop
.down, piecemeal. Der. drop.
p^l to press eagerly upon (as tire.) in
Hiph. to kindle, light up. 2. Tipll an
inflammatory discourse, an inflammation*
3. to pursue eagerly, burn after. D'pV?
ardent pursuers, persecutors. 4. warm,
eager (proffssions)
HIT sec nSl a door, gate.
HQl to make equal, compare, level, H^DI
a similitude, likeness. 2. to design, to
form a likeness. 3. D1 blood. 4. equa-
bility, conformity, fitness. 5. quietness,
rest, stillness, silence. .ICIl stillness*
silence, cessation. 'ST rest, inactivity,
silence. 6. to level, cut down, cut off,
destroy, 7. D''^^ man, the likeness of
God. 8. nonx ve;;etable mould. C01
to soothe, compose, quiet, to make en-
tirely equable, quiet. Cttl" entirely
still, inactive. HCOt great stillness,
equability. Der. to dam. Dutch doin.
Gr. ^ct^j.'UM i.tt. doino.
tDl duug. 2. njO-iTS a ihresliing van, or
floor where straw is broken.
yon to weep, "yen a tear. C liquor.
n to direct, rule, judge, in Hiph. to
•trive. r'er'd, Niph. contend. ]»1 a
judge *^1"iO a strife, dispute. C. ni»"'a
a province, a judicial district. 3. p"iK !
a ruler, director, lord. 4. S^J'^i? biises.
sockets. Der. Lat. daiuno, Eng. damn,
condemn.
:n 3i"n wax.
r^^-i Child. Ibis.
lyi ^to ;.'<>, or btun out-
ni see ^"'J reproach, calumny.
pST lo knock, strike, e, f o beat forward,
<lrive for*\aid .
V*T to leap, springs bDund, exnlt. Chald.
to leap for joy. Der. Dutch daiie?en.
Danish dantze, French danger. Eng.
danco.
p-i to t^cnt small, thin, small, minute, a
dwarf. 2. to thresh, thresh out. '^
HKBREW LEXrCO?^.
13
mn
p''T a imttery. 4. a tltiu doth or covering
atoms, tine dust.
■\,'3T to st.ib, pierce. iT\"\|5nD stabs, pierc-
iii;;s, Der. aasrger, dirk-
"n A r.ib. to encompass, go rounO, compass
circuit , I. to go round, go aimut. 2.
D^'^^TI crookod, toituous ways. 3. a
rdiind bal , a round lieap, a circular
(lispositloii of an army. 4- n"*\lD a i
prefixed to a part, wliicli, be, wlio,, 4.
prefixed to several particlea, that, wliiclj,
what. b. wli!i, wbich. 6. pretixed, it
expresses doubt, what.' what not'? (or
aspiration like tia!) whether ? 7. post-
fixed to words of time, uiid plan, to,
towards.
K.n behold ! lo ! see here ! see ! hab !
Chald. the same,
pyre, a round pile. 5. Arab, INlT a ii;!!^ '"*''''' ' ^ ^^^ rejoicing, 2. in insulting.
circnl-.ir village, a generation of men. j-"~ ^'eptiant. 2. a>Ja\T eooi:y. i. come,
6. Chald. to inhabit, dwell. ni-rD an l ^ome give, see 3n»
■^'I'^T P3.1 to exale, evaporate, emit, a vapour.
2. vanity, emptiness, a vain idol, in vam.
pe..p. - - ^^«=^^
hnbi ration. 7. Chald. a pearl
fie^;lom, a lurtl-, myrrh. "T1"n '^ thisUe.
**Tl lo repel. p^T rejection, abhorrence. ',P~
13'n to be slurp. pIT the iron part of a
Koad.
3"iT to proceed gradually. n3~ilD a pre-
cipice, a lofty clilf.
^^^ to goaloii?, cuuie, proceed, 2. a way,
path, road, a way, journey, proceedins.
i^' distance, custom, manner, a particle,
' strailway, immediately. 3. to go along,
■ v.'alk or tread as men. 4. to go upon,
■tread down. 5. to tread upon, a tread--
-ing. (). to tread, cause to be trodden. 7.
■•-'t<) hold, stretch forth, extend. Der.
• Creek. "^f^X,"^ to run. Eug. to trudge-
0~n the south.
yyi Chald. the arm. Der. draw, throw.
V">T to inquire, ask. 2. to inquire of, con-
sflU. 3- with V following, to inquire
after, 4. to inquire after, regard, care
for. 5. to be concerned, cat eful fur,
setk, 6. to inquire after, requite.
APT to thresh, beat, shatter, t'»T a thresh
ing;. 2. to thresh, beat to pieces. 3. to
tear to pietes. Der. to dash, dust.
Ktt'T to spring, sprout forth, germinate
s,r&ss.
\itff to fill up, make fat, plump, fat, oil,
2. ashes. \V?il a specie:, of clean ani-
mal the lidmee, resembling th« antelope,
m au appointment of law. 2. Chald. a de-
cree, a law,
nxm Cbald. grass.
^CDm a daric, about 25 shilling*.
"13n Arab, to cut, divide, au augur, as
trol<t3er.
n^n to brine, c.rry forth, away. 2. to
bring forth, utttrr. .3. to roar, iirowl, coo,
moan, a moaui!i?. p*3r! a murmnring.
4. to hrios; forth, profmse, a meditation,
5. ^3 n-Jn thou sh^ilt study in It (till
thou muMer.) 3*;n intense meditaiion.-
pH' ni*:!n directly, strait forward, elegant,
decent.
mn to send, thrust, dart forth. 2, n^H
the darting forth (of light.) 3. jrlory,
majesty, honour, lo glorify, 4. a loud,
brisk, Vehement noise. *lT'n londshout-
-iSm Chald.
particle. ^. prefixed to a n.
this.
that. 3. vrcflxcd to a
hcurken. 3.
nin see ri3T the crushing.
Cin a footstool. 2. Chald. to cnt ia
pieces.
Din the myrtle tree.
PjTn lo tluust, path, 2. to expel, cast
out by force
mr. to ac'orn, deck, decorate, ornament,
beauty. 2. to honor, reverence, respect,
honor, ghny.
nn ah : alas .' 2. nn« ah ! ah !
in oh!
«in to be, abide, remain. 2. Chal'l. lo be.
3. he who exists, hath permarcnt exist-
ence. 4. a permanent being, person-
5. he, she, it. 6, that. 7. Ch«!(l. «>
be. Der. Saxon hua. Scotch wha. Eng.
who.
1\"1 seu"in the darting forth (of ligbt.)
Wn fi bf, subsist, continue, 2. p!^ means
of subsistence, richcs.'s. H^n* Jehov'h.
(the bein? who necessarily exists, of
hiniFclf, and fiom himself, "ith all .sc-
tual perfccti.ni o-iiiinally in his csscutc.)
14
HEBREW LEXICO.V.
ciD':>n
Din
4. a grievious afflictiou. &. TilH r^lH
oppression, injustice.
»in ah! oh! encouraging. 2, wc, threat-
ening.
mn Dnn sleepy, drowsy,
♦n hey! ho!
«*n to subsist, be, she, it.
r\'>n to be, exist. 2. to be. 3. to happen,
come to pass. 4. to be reckoned or re-
pnted. 5. to be, subsist, remain, con-
tinue. 6. with ^?and a n. following, to
become. 7- an infinitive verb, was,
(to be.) 8. in niph. to become, be done,
9. to be continued, or be heavy,. 10.
to be oppressed, depressed, aillicted.
11. n* Jab, he who is, the essence. 12.
n»n« I will be.
yn bow
■^n Chald. to go, come.
S»3n Sa^n tlie sanctuary. 2. a large spa- i
cious house, a palace. 3. Jehovah's
temple.
")Dn to recollect, own, acknowledge. 2.
n-'3n acknowledgement. 3. to rtspect,
regard.
Sn to move briskly, violently, irregularly.
2. to exult, toss about, through pride.
3. to move briskly, irradiate, glister,
shine. 4. nSnn praise, glory. S^n to
be mad, foolish, or inoie properly, to
be moved violently, tnmultuated. C*7l7n
merriment.'!, T'^SS'in ^citations, extrav-
agancies, to toss, exult through pride,
(Venus,) to irradiate briskly, shine
brightly, to give lustre, praise, glorify,
;^ comm. ndable tree, Dcr. Gr. AXX-j^^wi
'to leap, 'FAn, and 'E«>.') the splendour of
the sun, 'HXiOf the sun. Eug- hail! in
«aluling, and perhaps hallow, holy.
xSn lo riniove, cast to a distance. 1.
beyond, further. ^. onward, forward,
thciiceforlh,
nSn see Sn
■|Sn to go awny, along, proceed, walk. 2.
bebnviour, manner of life, conversation.
a. before a v. going on increasing. 4.
Cli.tld. to walk, a toll, custom. Der
«ii!k. I,;it. vclox. £«)£. velocity.
cSn to b#-at, smile, strike upon. PloSn
a hammer. 2. to beat, smile, r\'>l57nD
strokes, blows, 3. to knock, break (by
healing.) 4. to knock, btat down (with
liquor.) 5. to smite with the t»ngue,
reorove, afflict. 6. here, thither. IJT
dSh hiiherto. 7. CHT)^ the diamond.
rflin multitude, tumult, turbulency. 1.
they, them, IDH Chald. tliem. 2., to be
turbulent (as the sea.) 3. to tumultuate,
make an uproar. ni3lnD disturbance,
confusiuu. 4. a confused noise, growl,
moau, howl- iTCD noisy, rioters, 5.
ipn or pon a mullitude, abundance,
tuni'.illuous motion, tumultuous noise,
6. C"inn pi. ^^t2^r^^\ a confused multi-
tude of atoms, a chaos, a mass, body,
multitude of waters, the ahyss, or deep,
that vast body of waters which is in the
hollow sphere of the earth. CZn to
put into great tumult, ilisturb, drsconi-
fit exceediugly. to agitate very much.
^ Son see So
]10n see non a multitude.
ncn Arab, to impel, break, destroy.
n^lOnt: breaches, disruptions from au
earthquake. Der. hammer.
n3n to be ready. 2. these, those, they
3. see : lo ! behold ! 4. hither, thither.
5. ^*n Hin, ab'^ut one and a half gallon!.
6. Chald. if whether.
on hist, hush, to be silent. Der, hush, hist.
nSn to turn, change, inverse the con-
trary. 2. to overturn, subvert. 8. to
ptrvert. ni2Brtn perverseness, distor.
tion, change from the right. 4. POSnO
a sort of stocks. ■|D2Sn irregular, un-
steady, turning this way, and that, cou-
tiuually varying, .ner. havock.
-iBn see "'S break, dissolve.
rvn a kind of warlike chaiiot.
3-in to kill, a slaughter.
mn to protuberate, swell, rise 4a height.
-in a mountain. 2. to be pregnant,
big with child. J. to teem, be big with.
4. n»n» looking big, hanghty, prond.
*1"in a hiy;h continued mountain, "imn
Chald. conceptions, thoughts.
Din Arab, to « ut into little pieces pO'lH
a butchery, shambles.
D'>n to breakthrough, or in. 2. to break
down." destroy, demolish, destruction.
Der. bairass, crush, craze.
HEBREW LEXICON.
15
IT
ri7\n to hnsten, bring with haste, nnn
.^J toassaiilt, rusli violently upo-i.
7r\n to mock, banter, trifle. ni7nn"3
ill'isious, aehisioiis.
2~i3"t see 3n» repeated offerings.
"i3in Ciiald. priiicipal men, counsellors,
leaders.
'n'n see nnx
K^D'^n who went.
N3:>!2n see y^ Chald. awreathed chain.
^.s'ln the inuuiitain of God.
♦11 .\rab. to marry. 1 an honk. 2. *» i coa-
iiective particle, and also, with, to-
getiierw.th, or, but, but yet, even, to
wit, that, so that, because, therefore,
to the end that, whtn, if, as, so, al-
though, then, afler a nei^atice particle.
and not, nor, neiiher. Der. Lat. vieo.
r.HS. woo.
3"!l vaheb, a place near the river Arnon.
"itl Aral), to carry a burden, Wazir, or
. Vizier.
1^1 a child.
3XT Arabic impetuosity, swiftness a wolf-
yXTChaid. see J,'? trembling.
n.NT sf-e HT this, that
3T to !£ush, spriuz, iisue out. 2. to sprin?,
with, 31] a thix, an issue. 3. t<i flow
out, pine away, waste awav. i. D'l^x
hyssop. 213? a fly. 313T Sys Baal-
zebnb.
TI3T to endow, a dowry, portion.
n37 to slay, sacniice. nnZT a sacrifice.
nnSlD an altitr.
SaT to dwell, cohabit with. vlST an
habitation. Der. hlaudic duella, Eng.
dwell.
pT Chald. to buy. redeem, to gain, pro-
tract it.
iT Chald. Syriac, and Arabic to join,
connect, the outer sKin or husi^ of the
?rape. Der. husk.
It to swell be tumid. ^li'T swelling. 2.
to boil. 1*TJ brotb, pottage. .'*. to swell,
be proud, presumptuoiis. pHT pii'Je»
presaniption, arrogance. Der. Islandic
sieda, Saxon seodan, aad E»g. sod
sodden, seethe.
riT a particle Ibis, this here, snch »t)ne
here, in this, place, Jiilher, this way,
riT ni this and that, one and another,
which, who. 2. HNl this, this here,
this and that. 3. M this, this here, it is
nsed as a relative to both gender j ^»i<l
numbers.
3nT clear, bright weather. 2. purelirapid
oil. once Zach. iv. 12. 3. gold.
ant Chald. to pollute defile.
"inT to shine, be clear, bright, pellucid,
brightness, transparency. 2. totnlighteu,
instruct clearly. 3. I'THT heedful,
cautious.
nil Arab, to ver?e, incline to. ^\'>^^l angles
corners. C. ♦liD storehouses. 3."ll ,1; HKi
this, this here.
n 1*T an animal endowed with motion. 2
motion, commotion, vibratory motion,
bustle. 3. riil'D adoor-posr.
P^ 1. to impel. 2. to remove,
*?nT to skulk withdraw, hide oneself. 2.
any creatures that hide themselves iii
boles, as serpents, worms. 3. p}{
nSmn the rock of Zoheleth.
♦T VT Cljald. brightness, splendour. 2.
Chaid. grace, liveliness, beauty of couu.
leuance. 3. .VT or M Z;f about April.
4. n»I the olive tree.
nST to be clear, ciean, pellucid, clear,
almost irai sparent, 2. to be clear, clean,
pure. 3- 131 purity, innocence. Chald.
13? to cleanse. n^313l glasses.
"137 strength, vigour. 1. a male. 2.
s-trength, vigour of mind and memory,
to remember, memory,- mention. rn3TK
a memorial T3TQ an historiographer,
7T to let go, loosen. 2. to be loose ir-
regular, gad about. 3. to be lavish,
prodigal, contemn. ni*?TviIcness, worfh-
Itssness. 4. H^T nSll *nSlT besides,
except. 77ll profuse, prodigal- vile,
worthless.
r» O a nesh-hook.
r\7t see 7T besides, except.
CT to devne imagine, think. riDT a de-
vice, niDl devices, schtmcs. nt2lO
16
HEBREW LEXICON.
PT
an
thought, consideration. DQT tborongbly
consider, siedfastly purpose. Der. to
seem, seemly.
^OT to appoint, constitute an appointfd
time. 2. Chald, to appoint, constitute
an appointed time. p^H to piepare.
Der to summon.
*1CT to cut off, n*lDT a cutting:, twig,
hranch. 2. to prune. HiDiD a pruning
knife. 3. TAnOlD suuflers. 4. to sing. 5.
the antelope, goat, or some other cleiiu
animal. 6. Chald. KlOT music.
jT to prepare, provide. 2. preparation,
provision, store. 3. piD provision, 4.
Cbaid. to be provided for, fed. 5. *JT
preparations.
2JT the tail, extremity. 2. meanness.
inferiorily, subjection. Der. snub.
nil \m a belt, girdle. 2. ^^i^ defensive
armour, which eiiconipasseih the body.
3. unlawful tmbraces, whoredom, a
harlot. nliT fornication. \il repeated
whoredoms.
TM1 to cast off, remove to a distance.
2. to cut otr, fail through htat. Isai.
xix. 6. Der. snatch.
pit to spring, leap forth,
yt to move, agitate. niV^ and nyiT
an agitation. 2. ^'V^' trembling, Chald.
3. to tremble, shake. 4. HV sweat. 5,
yi* sweat, ytyi to be violently ajiitatcd.
Der Gr. i^'"^ und ^''-'w Eng._to sway.
"lyt to be abridged, shortened.
Dyt Arab. tof««atn with anger,
P]yT to be troubled, diiordered, agitated,
2. to be troubled, frt^t, be as;itafed.
troubled, fretful, uneasy. 3. to be angry,
wrath.
jjyt to cry out. Mpyi a cry, clamor,
vociferation. 2. to convoke, call to-
gether.
lyt to be small, liltle. 1*^1 small, little.
lyiD small (quanliiy.)
r\ii1 bitumen. Der. Greek Uia-ort i/U.
pix. Eng. pitch.
pi to fuse, purity by iiuKinf. 2. to be
(dissolved.) sliaiind off". .1. D^pt ma-
nacles, fetters. 4. niatlcr iu a stale of
fusion. ppT to stiain ofliiioroughly, to
reSdC, to fuse thoroughly, purify by fu-
sing. ppIO well purified.
\pf to be old, old age, an old iiiau. c
the beard.
^pl to stt upright, erect.
"IT to compress, squeeze. "l^lD sqnefziiii.',
coiii pressing (a wound ) 5i. a Iia|i, or
gin. a*niD grain* of air, wliitii m
wi.iter hiriii? loo large to thin ihe tluiii ,
Ccompress) and fix tbem producing to d.
"<*nT coinpresstd, strait, nairow.
^*1? nauseous, loathsome.
^1T to grow warm.
MIT io scatter, disperse. 2. to cast away.
3. to scatter, spread, dilfuse. *. lo
spread, sprtad abroad (as a net.) 5. to
iiisperse, dissipaie. 6. to scatter, win-
now. miD a shovel. ?. to examine
thoroughly, sift. 8. "IT a stranger, fo-
reigner. 9. a rim or crown (to the ark.
10. niT the hand, a span, nine and a
half inches. "1"}7 lo buceze.
rni diff"used, spread (as ihe leprosy.) £.
diffused, spread (as light.) 3. T^TK a
native tree. 4. a native. Der. Eng. to
stretch.
C^T to pour, pour fo.-th, pour over, a
storm, intmndalion. Hood. D'"1T an
inundation. Der. storm.
y^f to spread abroad. 1. (the setd of
vegetables, animals, men,) to sow, secij.
time. a*J?"»T things sown. '2. the arm.
3. the shoulder, or fore leg of a beast.
f>er. Gr rpcw Lai. strao, Eng. strow,
or strew.
p'M to sprinkle, disperse, p"!,© a oason,
bowl, sprinkling vessel. '2. to appei.r
here and there, as if sprinkled. kL&vsi
vii. 9. Der. streak.
n"lT see mif the hand, a span.
nSySl a scorching blasting wind.
Pj'nt a dripping soaking rain.
n
3n a pf-rson bound lo payment, a debtor.
K3n to liidf, conceal, shelter. i^3nC a
biding place.
n:in to hide, hide oneself. 2. a bidden
secret place, the bosom. 3. as a n.
HEBREW LEXICOX,
17
in
'i2n
see n^n a flat iron plate. S-Pt to
ciieiish.
fiS2n to thresh.
'?2iTtobiml, tye, coimect, confine. ]. a
rord, the ripiiig (of a ship}. ro^.e, men,
or s:dl'>r, a tract '>f Ir-nd measured I>y
a rope, a cord, » rope, toil, snare, the
silver cord (spinal marrow with all the
nervous br:iaches>. a slriiio of persons
following, one auatber. '3. to be bound,
confined, straiieued. 'TSfT girding pain?,
throes, paais, to travail. 3. to bind,
talie a pledge from. 4. to seize upon,
spoil, entangle. 5. to be bound, or
obliged to punishment, d. flvSnn a
weU C'.nijected design. 7. Chald. Seiz-
ing. K72n an encroachment,
i32n to fold tigetiier, a folding. 2. to in
fold, embrace. 3. totmbr.ice. lay hoi. I on.
■\an to conjoin, fit tugcther. mSn ^
toupliag, consociate, an associate, com-
panion, friend. 3. to join tnck (words
together). *• to join tatk (for enchant-
ment. rr^^Sn a cunmsion, bruise.
"iZ"\-n the black spots of the leopard.
V-H to bind round. '2. to bind. .1. to
gird or saddle. 4. to- bind, or be bound
up (as wounds.) b. to bind govern (by
la*s}.
nsn a flat plate, or slice (of iron) .
in to move, reel round. C. a circle, or-
bit, sphere. rU^nO a pair of corapa.^ses.
3. a sacred festival (either from its
re^nlar return, or from the circular
dances they had at them). 'I-H rrai k» or
fissures (in a rock) for the circulation
of the dir. J3n to dance ruuiid and
round in r irctes,
HJn circumagitation, turning round for
terror.
"jn a locust or grasshopper.
Sjn .1 the revolver, goer round.
-\3n to gird, eird round. H^^HD a ui.-d-
mg. 2. to gird, confine, restrain. 3. to
be girded. 4. to be girded, to feel girds
or pangs. Der. gird.
*jn to penetrate, i)e penetrative, sharp,
acute. 2. be sharp, eager, fierce.
3. ITT'n a paiable. enigma, a sublime
or poetical discourse. 4- p''^'* Chald.
enigmas, one. 5. HHrt sharp or edged
things. D
T)"^"!^ to brighten, polish. 2. to ekhilirafe
ni-rn hilarity, joy. 3. Chald. the biea.t.
^^n not to act. speak, or be. 1. to cease,
leave oil", fail. 2. to forbear, decline,
oniit Vfiiuntanly. 3. transitojy, transitnl,
speedily ceasing. Der. idle. Welch hadl,
pTn a kind of sharp thorn.
^Tn Syriac to surround, fence. 1. an
inclosed place, room, chamber, s. au
inclosed, or inner part, of (he body. 3.
an iiicioser, a dark Ihiik cloud.
>^^^ to renew, restore. 2. a new or re-
ne.ved period of days.
i'nn Chald. new, from the Heb Vf-7\
Ezra vi. 4.
ntn to declare, discover, shew. r\lnK a
declaration. Hln Eve the manifester.
2. nin a moveable village. 3. Chald.
to snew.
Tn Chald. Arabic to indent, cut in. llriD
an ha^'en. 'Vn lightning.
ii^r\ see nm to behold.
riTH to fasten, settle. 2. a settled agree-
ment. 3. the breast of an animal. 4.
Kin Chald. to see, behold, a seer, or
prophet. nTr?3 a window.
pin to be bound hard, tight, 2. to as-
tringe, brace, tighten up. 3. to gain
strength, act with strength, with 3
following, to hold fast, retain, with *?
following, to grasp. 4. iu Hiph. to con-
fine, retain, contain.
ITH Chald. to encompass. IVPf a round
ball or apple. K'Tim Syriac an apple.
^♦Tn a hog, or boar.
nn a hook or clasp. 2. a clenched riH»
(of iron for the nose of a beast. 3.
nin a hoiked thorn. 4. D'nnthe links
of a chain.
Jan to compact, fasten, join. 2. tflln a
Ihread, line or cord. 3. HtOn D'ffln
wheat, see n^n,
KlOn to deviate from, misi. c. to miss
(onei step,) tread aside. HHESn trip-
plug, stumbling. 3. to mi$.s (of happi-
ness). 4. to miss oneself, be astonished.
5. to deviate from, sin, otfeud. 6. in
Kal. and Hiph. to offer for a Bin-offer-
ing, cleanse, expiate, purify.
3Bn to hew. 2. to carve (wood.) 3. to
carve (stone.
HEBREW LEXICON.
3^n
whn
Der.
nian deUcvUe, delicious, ^'t3n wbeat,
En^. wiieaf, sweet.
can to refniia, restraiu, muzzle, bridle,
jurb.
ran to seize suddenly, to catch,
"iI3n so move this way and tliat, to vibrate.
•2. a twig.
nm to be strou?, vigorous, valiant. 2. to
become strong, recover strenirth. 3. to
repair, restore. 4. to live. a»n living,
springins, rnmn„2 waters, life. ] n
Ch-M life ^'n n»n a living creature,
aa^imal. n^U n»n food, the snstainer
of life. 5. *n quick, raw. n*nD quick-
ening, rawness. 6. ♦nm small towns,
villages. 7. Chald. K^»n an animal a
•in Arab, to scratch, rnb, scrape. 1^ the
' palate, or roof of the m >nth. 2. HSn a
fish hook. Der. a hook.
nan to wait, tarry. 2. to wait for. 3.
with S following 10 wait for, with de-
sire, to long for. . .
S^bn red, sparUing. mT72n redness,
st»arkling (of tyes)
aSn to be wise, skiluil, prndent.
hn to maVe a hole, <»r ooeuing, a hollow,
ditch niSnO boles, p^n ail opening,
a windovv. 2. to be in labour, make an
opening, to be in pain, travail. 3. 7^n0
a flute, pipe. fife. *. nSn (a shew
br«ad.) Cdke. (fuH of holes) 5. to pierce
orwouud, he wounded. 6. to break in
upon, violate, pioff.ue. T. to make an en-
trance upon, beg'n. 8. 7in sand, 9-
S»n fitrength. 10. Sn3 a vale, valley, a
torrent, Cftoin the hollow in which it
nms.") SSn to open emin^nlly, pierce
much, to be in labour, <|^ vail in birth,
produced by travail. S^n a flute, or
pipe with minv boles, to wound very
inuch, pierce through and throu?!). to
violate or profane eminently. 'TV?n
to be in violent pain or anguish.
sSn to wear, wear nuay. 1. an engraved
ornament. 2. mSn rust of copper.
8. to be corroded, ulcerated, 4. ♦NSnn
a corroding, ulcerous disease 5. W.nn
wasliugs, consuming effects.
S^n the fat (of animals.) 2. milk. 3.
the fat, or most nutritious part of the
limd. 4. the richest part of oil and vviue.
5. the most uourisUiag part of whtat.
6. n^SSSn g:ilbauuoi, the gum orwliite
miik of the giant fennel plant. Der. Eug.
^alf.
'iSn Syriac to creep, creep in. 1. the
"weazel. C. time. 3. transient, uansitory,
4. this transitory world. Der. to glide.
nSn to be languid, weak. 2. infirm, sick,
diseased. 3. to be faint, ataicted, con-
cerned, grieved. 4. to be faint, (with
labour.) *7n sickness, infirmity. 5.
7*n an ornament wrought with great
labor and pains. 6. to make the coun-
tenance languid or ashamed.
IflSn to catch at, seize eagerly. Der. to
clutch. . ,
-tSn see naSn and KS^H worn out
with misery.
nSn to break, break off, away. 2. lo
break, break in pieces, ti. a dream.
4. noSnx an ametliyst, (the breaker.)
fpn to pass, pass on, proceed. 2. lo
pass aw^y, abolish, cease. 3. to pass,
drive, strike through. 4. D»3'?nO slab-
bing knives. 5. to change, exchange,
substitute, to cause one thing to pass
away, and another to succeed. ri"£*7n
substitntions, successions. 6 in Hiph.
to renew, be renewed. 1. to renew sprout
out, spring afresh. 8 maSnD locks of
hair (on the htad). Cbald. time past,
to be renewed. -
rSn to loosen, disengage, draw off T\T ,n
a loose robe or garment, spoil. 3. to
loosen, let loose, draw down. 3. to
loosen, m.ke flexible. 4. to disengage
oneself, withdraw. 6. to set loose, de-
liver. 6. to expedite, free from encum-
brance. 7. D*V ^" <he loins, the five
lower vertebra of the spine, from being
free from ribj. Der. Lat. laxo. Eug.
loose.
pSn to be smooth, slipp'-ry. 2. to be
smooth, soft agreeable, flattering. .*».
smooihing, soothing, flattering. 4. to
divide evenly, exactly, regularly, an
exact, regular division. mpSjjSn great
smoothnesses, slipperinesses, adulations,
flatteiies. Der.Lat. calx. Eug. chalk.
vSn to cast down, subdue. 2. to be ca»i
HEBREW LEXICON,
19
n:n
-\sn
tJortii (as a dead man)- 3. to cast, or
cast down (as lolsj.
Cn to \i^, or grow warm or hot. r,Dn
ij«;ai. 'i- nnn tUe solar flame, or fire.
3.a''n Muned, tawiiey, yel'-owisli. *.
r^^n heat, wnth. rage. 5. ^f^n Cliald.
heat, wraih, fury, 6. T\^:lr^ and riSn
siroug liquor, poison (of serpents).
7. non a piichtr hardened by heat,
a. D»acn images dcdicaled to the sua-
9. r.On a wall, see Tir.n 10. 'DH a
husbuuds fatner. HCH- CCH to be
vvarni.
KCn and nn^^n milk. 2. nxCn butter-
milk. 3. nKDHfO buttered.
ICn to desire eariiCiily, covet.
nCn with a niuical but mutable H !•
nCin and nOn a wall. a. 'On a hus-
band's father. ITiDn a husbaiids mother.
iSCn a kind of lizard.
^Dn leader affectioiij compassion, pity.
pn see an aa image dedicated to
tlie sun.
D':!! to cast, pluck, force away. 2. violent
Mpiiie, outrage, violence. 3. injustice,
wrong, damage. 4. D^nn a night-
hawk.
von to ferment, be leavened, 2. vinegar.
3, Y*.*2n V'73 a sourish mixture of pro-
vender for cattle. 4. to be soured, fietted,
exasperated,
fSOn to withdraw, retire, drawers.
n^sn to disturb, trouble. 2. to trouble,
make tuibiil, :i. wine. Chaid. «"\^n
wiue. 4. mortar, mire, potters clay,
clay for sealing, biiumen. 5. an ass. 6.
an homer beventy-ti^e gallons five pints,
t. nion* the butfalo. irilTin to be vio-
Itiiliy disturbed, to be very diily.
von \'> a.- ray, set m array. 2. five
aWrjn fitly. ♦tf*»nn tte lifih. n'«?»on
a liiih.
TrDn see DH a pitcher.
tn I'J have tviiulaefs or .nflfectioo for. 2,
OJn «iut ot mere kiudness, gratis
causlessU, fruitles.ily, in vaiu. pn to
be very kind, tu affect very much, in
HipU. au object of atfectiou, to suppli-
cate. Der. hen.
nin to fix, settle, dwell. 2. to fix, be
fixed, pitched. 3. nj»Jn rfuusieous, cells.
*. t'j encamp, pitch. JHinD Q'^riD
rriJlTi an tncampnient, or c;ii;!|). &.
rijnn an encampiug. ^^^^ ?'• C^'^'-n
and mr.'jn a ?pear or halbert.
tfljn to embAlm (the dead). 3. 10 <-n)ba'm
(with clammy juice as figs). 3. wheat
^ee ncan 4. ^'la^n ChaUl. wheat.
*^in to initiate, inslruct. 2. to hanrisH,
begin t(. u.e. -J. to dedita e. n2^n
dedication.
^in to pollute, defile. Ber. ki>ave.
pin t'l strangle, suffocate. Der. hang.
Gr. a'Txuj Lut. augo. Eug. anguish,
on to wink, to spare, to pity,
TDn succulent, abundance, swelling out
readily overflowing, 2. turgidity, alhuence
prosperity, swelling, abuntianl goodness,
exuberant bounty. m*Dn the stork 3.
the exnberauce or ovenlowing of uure-
straining lust.
HDn to take shelter, refuge. 2. to hope
tinst. Der. Eng. house.
7Dn to cjusnme, eat up. 2. 7»0n the
consumer, a species of insect, the
chafer or mole cricki^t.
CDn to shut up. nittzzle. 2. to obstnict.
|Dn to be strong, stout, compact. 2. in
niph. t.) be swougly or securely ke^it.
3, Chald. strength. 4. Chaid. in Aphel,
2. to possess, retain.
f]Dn Chald. clay.
"iOn to abate, diminisb, dtfect, vviiit.
2.to be destitute, to waut.
KSn to cover, conceal, do secretly.
njn to cove, veil. 2. to cover, overlay,
spread. 3. au alcove, (part of a room for
a bed seperaied by a veil). 4. ^"H land
overuanginu the sea, and covering the
ships from the wind. 5. fy) protected,
' secure, involved, wrapt up. &• D'iBn
the 2 l^ands joined (covering.) f^&H to"
entirely cover or shelter.
T&n to hr.stp, hurry. ^iSn hurry
tan see n^T^ 6. the hand, covering the
oti.cr hand.
VSn to bend, incline. 2. with / to be in-
clined to, inclination, desire, alTection,
delisht.
■^an to siuki or delve (a pit) 2. to delve.
20
HEBREW LEXICON.
nn
fathom, penetrate, search out. S, to
sink, ne ashamed, out of countenance,
nsnsn moIe?, tbe diggers or perhaps
snakes or sepulchres.
VSn to strip, <livest, uncloathe. 2. to
strip off covering, search by stripping 3.
to free, set at liberty. 4. r\->VhT^ free-
dom, retirement from business.
a»n to cut, cut out, hew. 2, tocnt, cut
out, divide. 3. to cut, wound.
divide asunder, *'*•' ai-
ri^n to part,
midst, hemisphere. Jl^nD a
vision, , ,• u.
half. 2. Vn an arrow, figuratively, light-
ning, the shaft or wooden part of a
spear. 3. ^in
street. 4. "([in the
outward surface, without. ]Wn outward,
the outpr, 5. \^n ihe hole, or onter-
wall. ^^n to divide into many portions.
^tn gravel, grit, stones. ^^Vn seperate
flashes of lightning. D^VXnD distinct
bauds, time divided, cut otf, seperated,
completed, fulfilled.
^¥n to cheri&b,the bosom, and the folds
of dress covering the bosom
rjVn Cbald. to be strongly urgent, to urge.
">^n au open, enclosed court. 2. '^"^^
a moveable villa&e of tents. 3. n»Vn
a leek. 4. ■^^v^ grass, -i^:f^ byn
Baal the tube maker, (the pipes or tubes
by which vegetation is carried on).
Tii'^'in a comprested tube or trumpet,
pn to describe, mark, trace out. 2. to,
delineate, pourtray. 3. to describe,
delineate, wtite words. 4. to mark out
define, a time, task, place, ijound, course,
atatute. ppn to mark or trace con-
Foicuously, to delineate exactly, wilh^
aS delineations or imaginations of the
^leart. to define, determine, decree
exactly,
njjn to imprint, incide, engrave. HpHD
AU enaraving, a carved work. 2. p*n
the bosom, the indented part, the
bosom or bed of a waggon, kc. liie
bosom or base of an altar, the bosom
of a vase to cast lots. 3, pn tbe bosom,
the cavity or inner part of tbe body.
">pn to search minutely, explore. Der.
Lat, quoero Eng. acquire.
"\n to be white, or pale. 2. *^rhfine
white flour. 3. D»n"in nobles (from their
white robes). 4, a hole, a peep hole
5. nin network. 6. '"m dung, from
H')n Chald. to bum. I. *»'^n excre-
ments, dung. 2. nsnna places for
dung, draught-houses, lay stall.
mn to lie waste or desolate, a ruin. 2.
to waste, be diminished, exhausted. .3.
any wasting thing, as sword, >nife, axe,
pickaxe, violent heat. Der. herb. Lat.
Ferbeo. Eng. fervtnt.
inn to shake, shudder, quake, horror. Der.
with ^ prefixed, shrug,
inn to hurry, bustle, be active, min
buWe, activity, diiigenee. 2. to fintter
palpitate. 3. to shake. 4- to tremble,
shake, be terriired. mnn trtmon
trembling, fear.
nnn to heat, burn, be burned. 2. to be
Ltattd (by violent exertions.) 3. to be
warm, inflamed (with anger), p'^n heat,
wrath. 4. to be waruj, bum, (\''iiL
grief). 5. to be warm, burn (with eager-
ness), fervency. 6- D^n dung, excie-
ments. C^"!" plates parched witt
beat. "\rnn to hmd.e repeatedly, ex-
treme burning. Der. Or. Ef'f Lat
ira. Eng. wraib.
Cl^'^n rows (netklacts,)
Dnn a pen, graving tool, graver, 2:
D»*J»nn bodkins. ,3. a long bag oi
purse,
-inn to inclose or catch in a net or toil
2. DOnn lattices.
Snn a briar, Job. xxx, 1. P/QV. xxiv. 3>
Zeph. ii. 9. Der. churl.
Qin to be cut off, utterly destroyed. 2
maimed, mutilated. -3. Ji"et. 4. :
seperated or devottd thing, unredeem
able. Der. Haram, lenule aparinicnis
Dnn 1. a burning itch. 2. the sola
orb. Job. ix. 7- Jurt- xiv. 1». Jud
viu. 13, 3. a burning.
Ppr\ to strip, make naktd, divest. 2. tb'
stripping season, winter. 3- to bevio,
lated, dtilowtied. 4. to reproach, d«
grate. Der. Lat. carpo. Eu^. carp;
Gr. AfTT*)-
V-in to shorten, cut short. !• to c"
short, curiaiJ, maim, X^"^^ maimed, •■
heap of ruius, a broken rock. 2. Ij'*'^"
HEBREW JLEX^ECOX,
21
^wn
7:»nn
aative gold in small pieces. 3- \'T^^
aa heavy sledge for threshing. 4. 'ynn
baskets of cheese. 5. to cut short, act
•speedily. V^'iH active, vigorous, diligent.
6. to cut short, decide, d«termiue. 7-
a*J!f^^ the dregs of grapes. 8. to snarl.
9. Chald. the back or loins.
pin to grate, grind, gnash.
Vf'^T^ to contrive, device secretly. 2. a
machinator, a mechanic. 3. to plough,
nttfnrra a ploughshare. 4. to be deaf,
dumb, silent, lost in thought, in liiph.
to keep silence, silently. 5. ploughed
land. Der. earsh. Lnt. ars Eng. art.
nn to engrave Exod. xxxii. 16. Der.
■yapTTiu to engrave. Lat. charta. Eng.
fhart.
Vn to haste, hasten. 2. to hurry, be
confounded. t'Vn chaff. Der. haste.
SttTl to aiUI, superadd, put together. 1.
lo embroider, eniijroidery. 2. to count,
reckon. p2tt'r! hu account. 3, to reckon,
think, consider. M-TynD a meditation,
contemplation 4. to impute, reckon to.
5. to impute, reckon, account. 6. to
make account of, esteem, value. T. to
reckon as Liuhly probable. 8. to con-
trive, device. n^J-Wn devices, engines.
nVn forbearance. 1. to be silent. 2. to
be still, inactive. Der. hush.
r.Vn cbald. to have need, or occasion for.
"^Wn to refrain, restrain. 2. to be dark,
obscure, become darkened, darkness,
the celestial fluid in an inactive stag-
nate state. D*r\yn obscure, mean
persons. Der. Gr. I'/.^ Lat. viscus.
Eng. viscous.
^Vn to wear out, spend, weaken, fatigue,
2- Chald. to wear a^'ay.
*Vn to be rough, a breast plate.
r)C*n lo strip, make bare (as trees.) 2, to
strip off. or up (as a garment.) S. to
draw off (as wiae.) 4. to scoop up
(as water in a i)it). 5. ^SttTr flocks a
lira zing.
pwH to connect, join, link together.
S'pttTiO rodded, furnished with rods.
'-'. 'pen the spokes of a wheel. 3. to
be connected with, attached to, the
object of attachment, desire.
"\yn to collect, gather together. J.
mtfn collection, condensation, t
*"itt?n the stocks, or uaves of wheels.
nn to be broken, give way. nmo a
ruin, buildings broken down. 2. to
crack or chap. 3. to be broken, quite
disabled. 4. to be daunted, disuiayed,
broken, dismay, dread. 5. Hnj and
nnr, see nnj- nnn to be broken in
pieces, a great ruin or destruction,
3- great dismay or dread, nnnn to be
e.vceedingiy or repeatedly diFmay^d.
nrn l. to keep fire alive, or kindled (by
the constant accession of fresh air.) .>^
T:r\r\D a censor. 3. ninnO the firepans!
4 *nn-r2 the snuffpans.
inn to be decided, determined.
^nn
to swathe, swaddle, be swaddled.
2. 7"inn a swathe, roller. Der. wattle.
^nn 1. to be closed, stopped. 2. to
seal, seal up, a seal. 3. to seal up,
close. 4. to seal, mark. 5- to obstruct,
as If sealed np. 6. to seal up (as a
roll or book.) T. to seal up, confirm.
8. applied to the stars. Job. xxii. 12.
ir.n to contract aiSnity by.jnarriage. or
wedding, a son in law, mother in law.
^nr( to take away by violence. Job tx"
12. a robber, Prov. xxiii. 28.
"inn to dig, dig downwards. 2. wilh 3
foliowing, to dig through. 3. to dig
.hard in rowing.
n'jynn a rose bud. Cant. ii. l. ;
ihZn see ^3n redness.
K37n afflicted, dejected, Psalms x. lo.
njSn to be faint. Ps. x. 8: 14.
tt'»--^n a hard rock, Dent. viii. 15. xxxii.
13. Job xxxviii. <;. Ps. cxiv. S. Isaiaii
1. 7.
/D3n Rime frost, a freezing vapour, Ps.
Ixxviii. 47.
D2Dn as if poanded, Exod. xvi. U.
-lyyn see nyn a trumpet.
"^Jin a kind of locust, Ltvit. xi.22r
Dtflin a kind of diviners, Gen. xlj. 8.
Dan. i. 20.
Civnn ice ri-^ne.
C'Cnn a bickle, Deut. xvi. 9. xxiii. 25.
^Xnn knots of a cord, or ptrpkxing
dilficulties.
^vnn sec ^^n 7.
22
HEBREW LEXICON.
N»D
nOBlO
"•ott'n bright brass, Coriuthian brass.
Kzek. i. 4. 27. Ezra viii.2.
TDtfn CLasmoa Pi. Ixvii. 3^
KlilxD to sweep (Arabic it is to sink a
deep ditch.) «ttK:2D a broom, besom
3Kia Chald. well pleased, glad.
Oi3 to be good, goodly, pleasant. SID
good, goodly, beautiful, useful, fit.
n3.tt to butcher, slay.
^310 to dill, imnierge, plunge. 2. to tiu?e,
uye. L>er. dabble
yy^ to sink (as in water.) 2. to sink,
ciiter, penetrate. 3. 1^^2120 a ring.
n^aa the navel, . from its rising. Der.
tauerous.
nya Chald. and Persic, the month au-
s.veriiiij to DeceinDer.
inta to be pnre, clean, clear. intSD
biighUiets, uiisiiUied honor.
nV^ to spin. nlliO somewhat spun.
mia Chald. fasting, supperle&s.
nU to overlay, daiil> over. 2. to plaster,
seal up. 3. nntaO the inner parts of
the body. Der. to thatch Gr. Tiyo;
U\l. tego. Eng. teguraen.
nrra Samaritan to impel. 'inntflD Ihe shot,
Of range, «)f a bow.
r"J to coimninate, reduce to powder. 2.
K, grind. 3. Hlinlfl the teeth. 4.ninl3
iii'^'stiou. Der. thin, Lat. tenuis, ling.
I -unity.
" "22 K"\ntt and KT)nD the fundaraeut.
*n;-iB emerods, piles,, swellingfi.
t:*c3 mire, nnul, clay.
FjQO nStaVia nontlets.
X'^ see \t3 mire,
S'J to cast or send forth, or ont, to cast
down. 2. dew. SS;^ Chald. to cover,
shelter. 7tt*7tfl to cast .fortli with vio-
leiif«. Der. tilt.
kSd to spot with large spots. 2. K7t3 a
younRlamb, or kid. 3. n^Siao patched.
*. spotted with divers colors.
TVJ"^ ''<■ young kid from its spots.
N^ta to pollute. deMe. Der. Ut. tamino.
Eug. C'.'Utaminatc.
n?20 to be or become vile, contemptihle.
Der. Lat. temtio.
^DtO to hide, coveriip.
|D y'iS Kro mud, mire.
KJU a wicker basket.
*^JI3 to defile.
nyia to err, deviate, in hiph, to cause to
err, seduce.
DyD to taste, lelish. S. to taste, eat a
little. Chald. to cause to eat. 3. to taste,
try by experiment. 4. discernment, dis-
cretion, perception, 5. judgment, will,
or pleasure «>f a prince. 6- Chald. a
royal decree, or commandment. 7.
Chald. regard, respect, relish. 8.
Chald. an account, or relation of an aflTair.
|yt3 to pierce or slab (with a sword), 2.
to prick, tgg on (with a goad.)
flO Arabic to be nimble, active, as young
children. f]&l3 to move with, a mincing
tripping gait. Der. to tip. Syriac to
trip,
nSO to spread out, extend. 2. a palm,
a hands breath, about 3 inches. 3,
nin3l5 the rooting, i. nniJ!3D a kind
of loose garment woru by women,
perhaps the hike.
7313 to fasten, or tye (as' with a thread),
2- to fasten, tie, connect together (by
lies).
1&D a nail.
U^B'O fat. stnpid, foolish, insensible.
"113 order, regularity, Ttl^ i. a row, range,
rank. 2, ,T\*D a row, range, a palace,
castle. 3. *nj Chald. a mouulaiu. Der.
Lat. turris, Eng. tower.
*7TJ impulsive, impetuous, continual. 2.
Chald. to drive, thrust ouL Der. Lat.
tnido, Eng. irusion.
MTJ newness, freshness, moistare, a
moist running (wound.)
mi3 to weary, tire, wear away, dissolve,
weariness, fatigue. Der. Gr. Tiipui Lat.
tero, Eng. to tire, tear.
DID at the time of, the term,
^^tfl to tear, pluck olf, a shoot, or twig.
2. to tear to pieces, ravin, prey, 8. food.
ria see tt'UJ to loose.
nusee r^iD to fast.
KDKta set- Ktr a broom.
10913 Chald. a captain, cutnmandtr.
HEBREW LEXICON.
23
i?i^
•^D'
SK* to desire earnestly.
.*!K* tu he suitable, fit, to become.
'JK* to will, resolve, determine. 'J.^KIJ
to be wilful, self-wil'ed. undertoke,
obstinate, foolish. 3. 7»1» see S",5^
Kross, sfii|)id.
"lU' see "iK a stream.
tfH^ reriomice, give over, bid adiea. 2. tK'i
with D following, to be desperate ton-
ceiiiinsr, dtspair of, abandon.
"iX^ to coiuent, agree, acquiesce.
as* to cry aloud, exclaim. Dor. hu'-.')ub.
73* to brinii or carrv along. 2. a str'-am,
a water course. 3. 731K a river. 4. 7*13*
tbe fruit or produce of (he eafth. 5. the
bias* .''''>f a trumpet.) fi. the jubilee.
7. nvS* a tetter, or spreading eruption.
Tier. Lat. jultilum. Eng. jubilee.
DS* to take to wife by riabt of affinity, a
husband's brother. rfD3* a brother's
wife.
V!l* to dry, dry up, as waters. 2. to
drv, dry up, become dry, withered.
r,W2» tiie dry (land.)
2i* see 33 a husbandman.
TM* to afflict, erieve.
yi* lo labour. 2. to be weaiy with labour.
nj* K) shrink for fear, be afraid of. miJC
the object of fear. 2. terror.
TiT i. to cast forth, cast out, cast. 2,
ri1"7* public professions, confessions- 3.
rnin to profess, confessCopenly.) rTllH
open confefsion. 4. min" Jehudah.
■'Ttn"' in Hiph. to jiidaise, become a Jew.
5. T pi. on* the hand Cof man,) deno-
tin^r power, agency, ability,, means, in-
strumentality, dominioii. assistance, cus-
tody, the hand or Almighty power of God,
«h;md, side, border, extremity, a trophy.
rill* n 1^ handles, stays, props, handles
(of wood), axktrees, hgiidfuKs. IK an
exhalation, vapor, mi;t. *l»N calamity,
affliction, overturning. "Tli? a fit'e-brdnd.
• hiTlK impelling causes, motives.
■y*1» to porceive. feel, discern, 2. to know
carnally. 3. to know. ny*1 knowledeej
acfniain'ance. J?^D knowledge, science.
yi^'O an acquaintance. * to know; ac-
knowledge, respect, regard. 5. ♦.jyi* a
wizard, a knowing man. 6. VHo and
y^^ as a particle, wherefore, for what
rps'^on, how? 7. Chald. y"13 to know.
V"'H to make known. J?*73*3 know-
ledge. Der. Gr. "Jw and ««c£u; Eug.
idea. Lsf. video.
n* s<"e n»r: be, who is !
3n» to Eive, supply, a gift. ♦SH^n my
repeated offerings.
nn» see m» iv.
"ir'* see !Tin haughty.
n^'* see D' day.
|V s,=e nj» mud.
I ' see ^' preparation.
y;» see yT sweat
nn» to unite, mnke one, (together.) ■'*n»
only, single, solitary. *1*n» my united
one, firmly, wholly. 2. *7n»< one, the
first, a certain one. 3. "in Kin 7\'^n
Chald. one. ~*7nD together, as one
thing.
/n» to remain, abide, stay, wait, Hv'n
fcnd ribnin patient expectation, linger-
ing hope. -2. T^n perseveriiig strength,
ability, virtue, strength. 3. *?^n sand.
Dn* to conceive, ad.niit into the womb,
conceiving- conception. C. 7^KT\ s«>e
C3n, heat, wrath. Der. Saxon, pamfa.
Old Eng. Wemb, Eng. ^Vomb.
P)!!' to have the hoof, or feet, worn by
walking, foot worn.
"^n" to .delay, tarry.
I V n* to reckon np, a genealogy, a register
of families.
I SIfl* to be gooc^, well, right, agreeable.
3**0\-l well, rightly, thoroughly. 3t5"D
. the good, the best.
^-' to cast, cust down, (see 7'J).
]** see ni» wine.
n3* to make manifest, point out. 2. to
manifest, deiuonstrate, shew. nOID an
mnpire. a liemonstrator, n3i3 to be
B'newn, nrS^n a proof, re.is'u. ^. r.DV"l
refwoof, rebuke. 4. (o correct, chas-
tise
'0\"1 chastisement.
a being able. 2.
3" ri7fl' a being able. 2. to be able,
may, '.ni^lit. 3- to pievail. 4. to endure,
be able to bear. j. :o oe able to aitaiu.
24
HEBREW LEXICON.
ID'
N^'
6. a»Dn Ss'D shallow, fordable water.
7373» to be able fully to support, or
sustain.
ns* see 02 to beat.
^* to cry, shriek out (in labour) fiSS .TlH
to cry out (be bi?) with child. 77* tj
shriek or howl violently, or repeatedly
liowling, violently yelling. 11* 7*7 see *?^
tiie screech owl.
^if to procreate, or breed, beget, bear,
to cause to bring forth. iSlJ to be born.
*7Vnn to declare ones pedigree, m^
a bringing forth, birth. 1 ?* a sou, a child,
a young man, a lad. Hl^" a girl, a
damsel. W'^?" youth. m7* otfspring.
n"77'D a midwife. m"l7in generations.
■^7* to walk, go.
^7* an erruption, a tetter.
pV see pi the winged chaffer.
n» tumultuous motion. 1. Dl* day, pL
a''!2% □''?:*i* two days. 2. D* a coUe-
tiou of waters, sea, lake, the west. 3. D-0
the final ^ being dropt in Reg. tears,
water denot»> the gifts of the spirit, uunie-
roui powerful nations, inevitable over-
whelming calamities, posteiiiy, (springing
from a common source), 4. -"CO nume-
rous abundant waters. 5. EO the Emim
or perhaps springs. Der. jumble, Eug.
Cleam.
*^0* to enlarge, amplify, make spacious.
]»"• 1. yr^' the right hand. 2. •{'»* the
south. 3. ycr\ the south wind.
T3'' to change, alter, exchange. n'^1?:n
an exchange, commutation. 2. "\10J a
leopard.
VD" to feel, grope.
TM" to press, squeeze, oppress, depress.
2. ]"' wine. 3. p* mud. 4. to oppress*
afllict. njV an oppression. 5, HiV the
(!ove, the oppressed.
Pi* see nj and nni«
pi* to suck pil* a suckling, 2. a young twig,
a sucker. MpJD a wet nurse.
^D♦ to found, lay the fonndation. "IID^ a
foundation, basis. 2, TlD" a heginninff.
3. to found fa nation or people). ♦. to
found, settle, establish. 5. to establish,
ordain, decree. 6. ia niph. firmly (l.\cd,
resolverl. 7. TD and 110 see ID a secret
"|D* to smear over, anoint.
'^D* v., add. ihcrease. 2. with the infinitive
mood following, or with another verb
connected by 1, lo repeat, do ag^in.
"ID* to restrain, check, discipline. 2. 1DT3
restraint. '^DiO, fTnOlO bands or bonds,
restraint, discipline, correction.
*7J?* to appoMit, constitute. miyiD a set
regular time, aseysun. 2. to bttroth,
appeint fir a wife. 3. to be convened
(called together). *TJ^")D a meeting. 4.
my niy a regular assembly met by.
apijoiutiiieat.
ny* to overturn 2. D")^* shovels.
Ty* to strengthen. Tyi3 strong, robust.
ta;?' to cover. 2. Cliald. to counsel, advise^
a counsellor. Kt3J? counsel.
I'jf to proiit. benefit (or perhaps to)
esteem, reckon again, triumph. 2, tae
ibex, a species of wild goat.
]y^ see TiSy the ostrich.
^y* to dissolve, melt, dissipate. 1. to be
tire^t, spent (with fatigue). JTiSyin dis
solutions-, meltings. 2. riSyiH indefati-
gvble, overpowering strength. 4. the high
tops of mountains.
\*J?* to advise, give counsel. ni2fJ/D coun-
sels designs.
ny' see nnjr a marsh.
yty^ see n\yy.
nS" to be fair, beautiful. HB*3* exceed-
ingly beautiful.
nS* to breathe or blow. 2. to breathe
out, utter. 3. in hi ph. to puff at. 4. n*fi
cinders, ashes.
yS* tor-^diate, irradiate, shine forth.- nyti"
splendor, glory, ySn light shining.
nS'' to persuade. 2. nS**^ a persuasive
fact, event, sign. S. n&r> a sign, ex-
ample.
KX" to come, go forth, oront- KSD- «V1D
a coming, going, bringing forth. 1. the
act of going or coming forth. C the thing
which goeth or conicth fordi. 3. the
place, whence it goeth or cometh forth.
4 a spring. 2. Kings ii. 21. Isa. xli,
18. 11. 11. mKXin sroings forth, MNY
TKV excrement. O'^IV fi'.ihy. D'NVKJP
produce of the earth. Isai. xlii, S.xxxiv,
1. offspring (of man). lob, xxvii xxxi. 14.
8. Isa. xlviii. 19. spiritual offspring
HEBREW LEXICOV.
rn'
T^^
l«ai. Ixi.9. Der. issue, and so rendered
as a verb NV' liai. xxxiz. 7.
-2f» to set, settle, place steadily. C SVi a
station, or situation in life, a post, a
garrison, a military station. 3. r!2.X0 a
iniiiiary station, i. HSXD a standing
pillar. 5. riDVD firm. 0. to set, consti-
tute, appoint. 7. 3*S» firm, certain,
true, Chald.
iV to place, set, leave.
y2f* see nyx a maltrass.
p'i- to pour, pour out. mpViQ pipes
ponrers. 2. to pour out, fuse- found, cast.
3. to pour out, spread, abroad. 4. to
pour out, pour forth.
"»X' to form, fashion, shape, model. 2. to
form, or raise from small beginnings. 3.
t(; form, iaiagine, an imaginaliou. 4. to
plan, priject, design.
nT toburu, be burned (as fuel) inbiph,
to kindle.
3p' see -pj a •wiuefat.
Ip' toburii (28 fire). Tp'lp'^n a burn-
in?, a tirc-braud, 2. Nmp^ Cbald.
burniiiR.
IVlp'' ohi'dience, submission.
yp' to strain, stretch, distend. 1. to be
strained, stretched- 2. to be strained,
aiieniied.s 3. t.. hang, bang up.
Pjf5' see f]'p2 he shall encompass.
Vp' to awake. 2. ^♦p ibe awakening, sprin;
and sumsner.
"■p* to be bright, splendid, ihinins:. 2.
splendor, honor, glory, 3, to be pre-
cious, esteemed regardefl, a price or
value, previous, rare.
f p* (o lay, set, spread. V^p* a »narc.
«ypV a suarer, fowler.
«n» to fear, be afraid. KTlJ terrible,
dreadful. K"i*D affrighting, terrifyina;. -2.
to fear, venerate, reverence. .1. to reve-
rence, resfer.t. nit"^* fear, awe, reve
rence. KTlD fe;\r. awe, reverence, some-
«>iiat to be feared. Tn* to cast, shoot.
Der. Gr. ^(^C Eng. Hierarchy.
■)"!' to descend, go, or come down. *1"1*D
inlaid, inran, (kjT run into;. 2. to be
l-roasrht down, d^-jected. *T'^?3 low,
afllictioH, brought down, afflicted.
r.H* to p'.ace straight, erect, lay even. 2. to
direct guide, lead. 3, to direct, guide,
teach. miri.Tn'n a law, institution.
4. to dirpct, resrulate. 5. to direct, aim,
point, shoot forward. 6. 'miO a razor.
7. nm* ih« former. rain.
T^' the limar iiuht, or flux, or stream of
li?ht refleittd fiom it. 2. a month.
13"* to turn aside, turn over, be perverse.
Der. writhe, wreaiht.
■^1* a side (length of a building). 2.
I"3'^* a side (nf a country kc). .". the
thigh bone. 4. tlie shaft or main trunk of
the golden candlestick.
yi* to be broken, arHicied. 2. a curtain.
p^* to spit. p"> spittle. 2. a green shoot,
or twig. 3. ^"'p'^* a disease of corn, mil-
dew. p"ipl* intensely green, inclining
to yellow.
tt^T' to be heir to, to inherit.MwV- tt?"n?3
an iuheritance. 2. in biph. to cauie
another to inherit. 3. V^'^^~l VTH
new wine. Der. Lat. hsrts, Eng. heir.-
SV* to set, sit down. 2. to sit down,
fix abode. 3»">f3 a seat, habitation,
dwelling. SVin a soj .urner, stranger
r^'.W asttiiiig still. nn-V? staying. J.
to nrarry, to cause to dwell, or cohabit.
~iif»iV e.»istence, subsistence, reality, f*
is, are, was, were, substance, reality,
true, riches. VH as y«:t there is 4 C?»K
a being, thing, or person. *'*^< VK
whatsoever person, whosoever. V*K
men. Cv'*N men, person*. n^C*i? wo-
men. 5. j"lP'» the very substance. 6-
n'tt^in reality, truth, any thing real,
substantial, lasting, iubsistence, perma-
nency, any thing solid, wise, .vound
wjgd m. n»rn irom rilPJ failore, no-
thing. W» V^V* very ancient. Dor-
Is, >es, Eng. ise, ice.
rV* sf e rinV to swim.
l£;y» tS'^Vn to extend, stretch ont.
CIP* to place, set, put. 2. in niph. to b«
wviste, detolate. 3. pf:V jCr* a waste,
deseit.
TV to sleep, be in a sound sleep, s.
to sleep in death. DlXf sleep of death.
3. to be seemingly inactive, sleepy, 4.
laid in store
J?tt'* to aave. nj?1Vn salvation, deliver-
ance, victory. Der. c^ww or cw-^w to
fnve
r,U» nSir* a jasper.
26
HEBREW LEXICO]
-133
ur\2
•^V* to l)e straight, even, smooth. 1. to
direct, make straight. 2. It^'D "iVi'^D
a plain, 3. to be right, prosper. 4, to
keep straioht, observe exactly, 5. right,
upright, riglitcoMS. DHtt'^Q rectitude,
uprightiie seB. p'ltt''' uprightness (in
the abstract.)
M* Chald. them. n*t? Tl^tt Chald. Is, are.
an* Chald. to sit, dwell.
in» a slake, pin. 2. a pointed stake or
paddle. 3 a uia (fixed in a wall). 4. a
fixed settled abode.
can* to be without, lack. D*Oin' Q^OH*
Din* solitary, bereaved, destitute, father-
less, an orphan,
"in* to excel, exreed, excellence, abun-
dance. Tn», nn»n», K^m- chv.id.
excellence, abundance. 2. a rope, string,
cord, 3. residue, remainder. ^I'^H*
remainder, overplus, profit. 4. Jlln*
l:i3n ^V the redundance of the liver,
the gall-bladder. Der. Lat. iterum, Eu^.
iterate.
mri' see nn» 4. Jndah.
."lin^ see nin the cause of existence.
2 like, as, see !nn3 7.
^^!^ to mar, spoil. 2. to be marred, cor-
rupted, rotted. 3. to be sore ulcerated.
2^X31?, 2S3, n- liJDD, soreness, exiilce-
ration of body or mind.
MNS to bruise, break, beat, 1. lo be
beaten or broken t» pieces. C. nK33
spicery, Buch as is bruised. 3. to be
tH!»,(en. 4. to be broken, atliicted.
*^^3 to pierce, penetrate.
12^ to be heavy, weighty. C. to be
weighty, with honor, wealth. 3. to be
heavy, dull (of siijht.) 4- the liver. 5.
rrnaa the heavy bJiggnge, 6. glory. 7.
n")n» ^33 tlie glory oi" Jehovah.
^23 to extinuiiish, quench.
SD3achain, bond. 2. *?in3 like nothing,
worthies*. Der. fat)Ie
D3D to wash, cleanse by washing.
ySO a helmet.
'QS to multiply. "^'33 copious, numer-
ous, al)uud;un. 2. a urate "f net wurk.
3. nnaa a sieve. 4. "1*32 a gnuse
curtain, a musquito net. 5. ^"^S? n"l3D
a good distance C a length of time,
good while. 7. ">3Dy? long ago, some
lime since. "123^*3 a long while.
1if^2 to subdue, subject. 2. to humOle,
force, ravish. 3. a footstool. 4. ]V23
a furnace, JT limekiln. 5. a lamb.
•73 a pitcher. 2. "tO sudden violent fall
or ruin. .-5. ^"11*2 a short spear or jarve-
lin. *n3 sparks, flashes, darting forth.
*721S the pyropus, a precious stone.
Der. Lat. cado,
3*13 Chald. to fail, deceire.
T13 *tn*3 an attack, a charge, military
tumult,
nM3 restriction construction. 1. to re-
strain, rcpreis. 2. to shrink, contract.
3. smoking (flax). 4. to be languid, dull.
5. restraining, limiting, fi. ri3 a particle
thus, in this manner. "33 exactly iu
this manner, ri33U* which so, because
so- ri31 n3 li-'re and there, this way
and that. n3 'IJ,* unto such a plarc
yonder. r!3 1^1 P3 "ly here and there,'
on all sides, TiD 1J? unto this time,
hitherto. 7. 3 as. like as, according to,
about, as it were, when, as, because,
V. ''3 that, surely, certainly, yea. be-
cause, therefore, when, but, it is used
, tor interrogations.
Vr!3 Chald. capable,
^n3 to minister, officiate. HinS priest-
hood, or ofllce, 2. to deck wuh a priestly
crown, a. an ollicer ot ihekin£»'scourt.
MID to burn, scorch. 2. p*3 an imitation
of the supernatural liglit. 3. Cliald.
windows.
niJ to fail, balk. 2. to fail, deceive, a
lie. 3 73K a failer, deceiver, a spiing
whese waters fail,
"if3X violent, outrageous, precipitate.
^'^ strength, vii-our, firmness. 2. a speci-s
*>f lizard,
IHD to fake off, or away. 2. to take away,
out of.vi-ht, conceal.
.PD to colour, patn, tinge; Dt-r. Lat.
color. Eng. colour, coal,
Vn3 to fail, be deficient. C. to full in truth,
to lie. 3. with / t<> fail with regard to. ».
with 3 and a n. or 7^70 following to (ai!
in prum-iseor duty to auulhtr.
hi: BREW LExrcov.
27
n>:D
^:2
♦3 seenno 8. and ItlS ].
2^3 1 23^3 someib;n!:?li!terin?, shinii!?.
2. a star. 3. the stream of li^ht from the
orb of a fived star or pl;uiel- a'2-^3
planet; or fixed stars.
*133 a kvel tract of a country, a plain. 2. a
flat roun.i cake (of bread.) 3. a flat ronnd
c;.ke (of metal.) a t;ilent, thirty two and
a Lalf pounds.
vD to hold, contain, compreljend. 2. rrSrtO
a fold (for tlocks). 3. to hold in, contain
(wrath)- 4. to hold iu, retain, restrain.
5 *7*3 a tenacious, close, man, a miser.
SiSa to hold, contain eulirely. 2. to hold
ia, contain, re jtrain.
kSd to seperate, restrict, distinguish. 2.
to keep back, seperate, keep off, prohi-
li*. .1. Toresttaiu, coimne, confinement.
4. riinS^D folds to confine cattle in.
S^3 to clap close together, unite. 1. 3^73
a wicker basket, a wicker cage 2. a do?.
3. '273 passionate, furious, dog-Iike»
, cynical, snarling.
n^3 totality, completion, Gnishin?. 1. to
finish complete. "'SDn end, complete-
ness, perfection. 7f7Z7\ the same. HTDn
see 7-n azure: 2. a term of afftctiun,
a perfect one. :J. to deterraine fully. 4.
to finish, consume, bring to nought.
TifJ an entire cijiisumption. ^'73 a
failing, consumption. ri'^3r> end, ces-
sation. 5. *?3 al?. every, any one, the
whole. 6. 'Ss chz a nlensil. 7. TvSa
~**?3 the reins orkidnf-ys. 8. to lestrain,
keep back, wifhho d. 77'2 to complete
enlirelv, make perfect. 77lt3 all over,
LL
a l.Tose robe, a surtout, 7'73 holocaust.
in wbich the whole was burnt, whole,
or entire, consumption. nTi73 com-
piete marriage, consammation. 73*93 to
nourish, to contain the whole, «ee 73
.to be a hie to sustain, see '^-^
■^ .3 extreme old age.
C73 to anesk, be ashamed, shy from
?hanie.' Der. calnmr.y.
r'73 an axe or hammer.
T.ZJ to be warm or hot (with <'e«ire\ 9.
n~:*3 genidl htut (^r warmth, 3 cum-
min (a warm herl» and seed). Der. Gr.
XtjjMo, Eng. chemist.
1D3 sc^no 1. as like actually.
103 to gather, compress rouud. lV33 a
girdle.
p3 to hide, lay up. hoard. 1. '^OSD
hidden treasures, hoards. 2. cummui.
see nC3
DC3 to lay up, treasure up.
"V:3 convolve, conli act. 1. to be roUen
together, yearn, -i. to be shrivelled,
scorched, contracted. 3. C'^'23 otficers
in idolatrous worship. 4. "^-30 a net,
or toil. n*"ia3 thick, convolvtd lUrkness.
*^03 to be swift, active, penetrating, Che-
uiosb, a moabitish idol to the solar li^ht,
or soul of the world.
|3 to make read), fit, adapt, dispose*
prepare, confirm, establish. p35 pre-
pared, established, p right, firm. £•
■A particle, so, thus, surely, certainly.
p7 therefore, wherefore, p^V there-
fore, wherefore, accordinglv. p Sj? »3
because, since, now. immediately. pTy
to this time, 3. an esiabhshoieut, a poat
ofiice, a base. riJ3 a plant, scion. p3C
a place prepared. nj''30 a form, lasli-
ioii, preparation, store, furniture, a s^ai,
tribunal. 4. ri"lJ3 chald. see nj3 su-
pernatural light imitated. 5. C'J13 cakes.
(prepared by art for idols.; 6. tV3
chiunsee r)^2 7. CJ3. D*:3 a guat, of
mosquito. 8. pK surely, verily, truly.
9. ]*3» Ichin, Jachiu, establishment,
pa to prepare, adapt,est3.r)iisb, or cou-
lirm entirely or completely. Der. to
coin, Gr. ^<-^X."v»j Lat. machina, Eng.
machine.
ni3 to suruame. 2. P^ZD a society, deno-
mination.
DJ3 to gather, collect, heap togelber. ?•
D33nn to involve, coiiect ojjesfir. 3_
CD320 iwathts, bandages. ' Dtr. Gr.
jtftvn; jiavjfpv Lat. canistnim., Eng.
a canister.
yiS to l^iy down, expofe on the g:o?nid,
a merchant, trader. ry;3 merchandise.
2. ^5?:3 Canaan, a trader. 3. to be
laiii down, brotichtlow, liiimbhd. Der.
Gr. Ty/v Lat. genu, Eii^'. kc'^c,
^33 extremity, outeiinost, i. to remove
«8
HEBREWLEXtCON.
nsj
in-rD
to the extremity, put at a distance. C
f]i2 ♦SJ3 m£5J3 the border, skirt of a
garment. 3. the border, extremity of the
earth. 4f._the wing of a bird.
*153 *"\33 a* lute or harp.
Mfi2 Chald. to gather together.
Q2 to reckon, number, count. TtSD'a a
reckoning, numberins:-.2. D^DDi money,
jewels &c. aisessments. 3 Chald. riches,
^nods. Der. Lat. censeo. Eng. cess.
KD2 to set, settle. 1. n seat. 2. a throne.
Prov. vii. 20, time settled.
nD3 to cover, overspread, veil nSaC
riD3 a covering, raiment. 2. to cover,
hide, conceal. 3. the covered, canopied
part of a throne. 4. 0^3 a drinking cup.
5. 813 the owl. 6. 0*3 a purse, or bag.
nD3 grubbing, or cuttiug up.
Sd3 the loins. 2. strength, support, con-
fidence. 3 7'D3 the cold, condenst-d
risid, contracted air. 5. Chisleu the 9th
rnonth, Nov. and Dec. 6. stupidity,
Insensibility, folly.
QD3 to have long hair. r?2D3 Zea,
spelt, a species of corn. 2. to poll, trim
or clip the hair.
S»D3 to be pale, wan (with desire). C. to
' be pale, wan (from fear). 3. gjlver,
money, the price, the silver cord, spinal
marrow and nerves.
nD3 ninD3 small pillows, cushions.
|J?3 Cbald. now and then.
Dy3 to be angry, irritated, vexed.
ry3 anger, vexation.
nS3 to curve, bend, inflect, 'i. to ap-
pease. 3. a large rush, or bulrush. 4.
a bending branch, a bough. 5. .f)3,
0*33, niS3 the bend or p;,lm of the
hand. C the bend of a sling. 7. tiie hoi-
low cup of the hip bone. 8. a spoon. 9.
the handle of a lock. 10. CJ^33 caves,
caverns. 11. the vaulted skies. 12 f]3K
(he hand, or, to press, urge. P|D3 to
bend down very much. Der.Gr. K^ittw
Lat. cavus, Eng. cave.
bfeS to double. 2. in nipb t<» be doubled,
repeated. Dcr. Lat. copulor, Eng.
couple.
^b3 I. hunger, famine. 2. send forth.
D&3 0^S3 a bezm, rafter
133 to smear over, aspbdtus, hitum p
2- to annul. 3. the Cyprus. 4. the hoar-
frost. 5. a village (a place of shelter).
6. a covered bason. 7. "11S3 a young
lien. 8. to atone, expiate, appease so as
to cover the face from the oftence, from
punishment, or from the sins. 9 a bribe,
rau8(im, atonement. 10. m£3 the lid
or covering of the ark- Der. Greek
xfvTTw Eng. cover.
tt^33 to feed with .
riD3 Chald. to bind, fetter.
"13 a circuit, pasture. 2. a lamb, or young
sheep. 3. a cor, (lie largest measure of
capacity. 4. a large round panier. 6.
□*^3 battering rams. 6. ^3 patrolers,
soldiers who go their round. 7* '^^2 a
furnace. 8, ~)V3 a kind of furnace or
stove. 30. a platform, a scaffold, li.
rniDD sec mD produced. 1313 to
dance in circles, m3"\3 counes or Inrgo.
covered panniers or baskets, see 4. "O
Der. Lat. currus Eng. a car.
Dl-)3. □''3''n3, n»3"i3' Cherub, Che rubs,
CherubiiTi.
n"i3 to cut, cut Dp, penetrate, i. to die,
cut out. 2. to dig for (vtaler). 3. to di;;
a pitfall, (devise secret mischief). 4 to
dig or open the ears. 5. to cut up. (
*13J< ftn husbandman. T. Cualcl. to he
pierced, wonndrd.
T"13 10 cry aloud, proclaim. n">3 :> crier.
an herald.
"I'la "l*13n an outer garment, a robe.
Der. cloak.
D13 a vine. n'D"l3 a vinedresser. Der.
Lat, carmen, Eng chiirm.
D-iD see t'nD and «313 the belly.
y-\'2 10 bow, sink down (as the 'knees).
2. to bow, sink down (upon the kne.s).
3. to couch. 4. to bow, sink down (the
head). 5. to how, sink dowii (as womru
in labor). 6- to bow, sink down (js
Wounded). 1. to how, bring do*»n. atllKi.
humble. 8. D^y^^ the legs ofaniinak'.
l>pr. to cowre, Lat. cnrvua, Eng. curve.
U'^D to contract, the belly.
rnz to cut off, cut up. r\im3 beams.
"n'^SO swords. 2. to cnt off (by deatliV
3. nn*"i3 a cutting >tf (by divorce).
4. to chew (with the teeth 5. tocyt) in
pieces (a« a sacrifice). Der. Lat. cuiut
Ei»g. short.
HEBREW LEXICON.
29
bD->D
idkS
iVD a slieep. n2V3- a ewe.
nt?3 to cover, inclose.
Srs to stumble. pStf 3 a stumble or fall.
Sltt^D a stumbling block. ,2. to totter
(from weakness;, a. to stumble, (in
the way* of God). 4. '^IS^^C a stumblin','
Week.
5. S'tf 3 a pick axe. or crow, j
field, cr country. 3. carmel, a city ia
tlie tribe of Judah, Carmel nmoiwitaiji
in the tribe of Marjasseb. 4. V'ilD tLe
purple fisli or purpura •
XD"13 Chal<l. a throne.
CDn3 or ]CDn2 to cram or fill the belly.
DS"*3 calico.
for throwinx Uowu buildings. Der. to
jostle.
r|V3 to discover, reveal, incliantmenr,
sorcery.
la's straight, direct, right. 1. to proceed
rightly, prosper well. 2. ■)^V'D a spiu-
ole, or turning pin. 3. right, agreeable.
, P"\\k*3 righteousness, agreeableness.
n3 \o pouud, beat, wear to piecea. . 2-
nr\3i a beating, or pounding. 3. to
beat, destroy. nnS to beat, over and
over again. 2 to destroy by repeated
beating. Der. Lat. cacdo.
5n3 to mark, engrave, draw.,
Sn3 a wall.
DrO t<» stanjp, impress, mark. 2. stamped
1^3 to adhere, stick closely. PiPi'D a
E'rait coat, inner garment or tunic.
*^I^3 the Os Humeri or large round head
yf the upper bone of the arm. 2. the
shoulder of a beast, 3 a side, or shoul-
der of a huiidmii. *. a side, or border
of acdijiitry. b. rnSnS shoulder pieces.
6. the ihouhiers or undergetters of the
lavers.
"ins 10 enclose, encompasj, snrround. 2.
a diailem, royal crown. 3. rTiH^ chap-
ters or crowns upon the Jacbin and Boaz.
Vn3 to bray, pound, beat to pieces.
1Z"T3 see *13 the pyropns.
7j73 see 73 and n73 to, contain, re-
frain.
K?3i3 Chald. of this sort, in this manner.
"in33 a round or spherical knob in the
golden candU stick. 2. a roundish porch
over a door.
"*313 see "13 a circular dance.
Sms Child, to clothe, invent. n^S^J
vests, tunics.
33"<3 a ledge round the inside of the altar.
C3'^3 the crocus or saflfron, a very fine
apperient, detersive, resolvent, cordial
simple.
7t3l3 a full car of corn. 2. a fruitful
7 a particle derived or abridged from Sw
I. tu, unto, 2. with a v. infinitive to,
for. 3. into. *. towards. 5. for, l<e.
cause of. on account of. 6. afier. 7.
with a V. infinitive alter that. 8. ac-
cording to, 9. of cuncerning. iO. as to,
as for. 11. ia respeci of, for. 12. for,
instead of. li. as it were. it. for, for
the use of. 15. at about, within, 16. at,
about, before, with. 17. "7 to nie. 18.
with, together with. 19. in. 20. of, out of.
2:. when T is prefixed to the infinitive.
mo*d. the expression. is often eliptical,
and must be supplied by such words as
began, could, can, mijht,. ought, must,
is, are, were. wont, ought, used.
2kS thirsty. ni3l«Sn droughts. a»3l^
Libyans.
nN7 to he weary, tired, faint. TiK? weari-
ness. 2, a particle rienotiug defect, lie-
gation. N^7- not, nay, no, without,
interrogative and strongly affirming,
like noun, a not, a nothing, k7 prece-
ding an. implies the, total negation of
the thing expressed. 3. H'' with 3 in,
into, with K^a in ik.i. i. e. before,
beyond, besides, with not, without, by
not, ill not, in defect of, for want of,
into, (what) not, for (what) not, not
according to, otherwise than, not by, not
by means of, without. 4. ^ / compounded
with 7 with, to, of, by, for, on account
of, K 77 wiih not i. e. without, to, (who)
not, of, or by, (who) not, for not, on
account of not, or il were not. 5. Ki7
expressing weariness, failing of mind,
lon«ing desire, O that ! would lu God,
that.'
ViVh to hide, involve, secrecy. 2.-, IflK"?
stooping. UK see. Der. Gr. A»)5o Lat.
lateo, Eiig. latent.
HEBREW LEXICON.
tsnb
^H"7. 1.- with O. -^XbOis applied lo ?.
messenger, legate, agent, arnbassvidor,
general, lieutenant, (to) ^ prophet,
a priest, (to) the created aaents of nu-
tare, or p(»wer3 of the heaveus. Ps. ciii.
19, 12. Ps. civ. 4. Ps. cxlviii. 2, 4.
Job iv. 10. the angel (of Jehovah) his
agent, peraoiiator, mean of visibility,
created iiitelligeiices Ps. xci. 11. Ps-
ciii. 20. Ps. civ. 4' Ps* cxlviii. 2. com-
pared with II. TljfcS, i. 7-l.K. xxii. 19.
Job. iv, 18. Ps. Ixxviii. 49 2- nriiSa,
mSNbO an embassy, 3. an employment,
wori£, worknnauship, business, affair.
Der. Lat. lego, En?, legate. French
laquais, Spanish lacayo, Danish lackei.
DN7 a people, a nation, Der. loam.
nS to vibrate, move to and fro. 1. the
heart. 2. the middle or inner part of
any thing. 3. T\lb the heart, or midst.
ysh to toss up and down. i~l"ll!l2*?
cakes tossed, pancakes, or perhaps fre-
quently turned. SlS the heart, de-
noting wisdo;]i, understaudinjj. Her.
Lat. libro, Eng. librate.
K^l*? a lioness (when giving suck.)
■73*7 see *J!1 ap?rt, aside.
t3:i"? to fall tumble.
VSh to whiten, make white, whiteness.
% njnS a brick kiln, a thin flat tile.
^3*50 a bricked area, a t>rickl'ranie- 3.
the white of the moon, the lunar disc.
4. the white poplar. 6, frankincense. 6.
^■'53'5 Lebanon.
Vnb to put on, clothe. rtt^3bn clothin?.
2. to put on (armor;. 3. to put on. be
Invested with. 4. to invest, endue with
the spirit of God. Jnd. vi. yi. l. Chron.
xii. 18. 2. Chron. xxiv. 20. Luke xxiv. 4y.
i^ aloj. tliree quarters of a pint.
rh to faint, f.iil. 2. not. 3. ,'nbn'? to
make oneself very faint, to tire oneself
very much.
yrh to flame, burn. Kindle, inflame. I.
a flame of fire. 2. the blade (of .i sword).
a spears head. 3. riJnbV a raging flame-
irh meditation, study.
IJ.nS to burn, kindle. t1ame. 2. "ISn'? arti-
flcial flames. 3. C^unb incendiaries,
kladlers of mischief. Der. light.
□nb soft, gentle, nndeeiguing.
Vrh Chuld. ttierefore. 2. besides, except
X but.
pTr> npnb a large company
ni7 to join, add, adjoin, couple. T\Vh an
addition, wreath, diadem. 2. to borrow,
be obligated by bond to pay. 3- rT>»b
coupled figures, (cherubs). 4. I*' zparti-
cle. of adhtsiou, would to God ! oh that!
assuredly, if, supposing, b. n*bH the large
tail (of an eastern sheep. 6. TD^V"? the
leviatlian, crocodile.
nib Chald. with.
t"? to turn aside, decline, depart. Tibj
perverse, turned aside. 2. lib the hazle
tree. 3. Vn this, this here. Der. lose.
nnb, nib. nmlS, nlnb, DT.nb, a
smooth table, or plank, of wooa or stone.
2. smooth fresh, green, (vegetablei'.
floridity, smoothness (of complexion. J '.
■•n? the lower jaw bone of an auimai.
4. the jaw bone (of a man ) Der. Gr.
AJior Lat. locvis Eng. levigate,
"^nb to eat, lick up.
Dnb food, victual, fruit, meat. Chald. an
eating, a feast. 2. bread. :i. bread corn.
4. to fight. ricnTD an engagement.
\'<^^ a concubine.
Ynb to press, squeeze, crush. 2. to crash,
oppress.
tfrn a low hissing, whispering sound. 1.
to whisper, a wiiisperiii?, secret ftrdytr.
2. to whistle, i<> charm serpents. 3.
CVrn female ornaments that have a
tinkling sound.
u> to hide, involve, wrap up. 13^3 in
covert. t3"i7 a covering. 2. *tfi"7 con-
juring tricks. Sleights. 3. a kind of gum.
myfrh or labdanum. 4- tlbD a hiding
I'lace, a v«ult.
Kiab to adher.-, stick cIo.se. Arab. n.Sfi27
•1 newt, a species ut iuard.
Vt'iih to wtft, sbarpKii, set on edge. 2, .o
sharpen.
'\:h to luke(acity, town.) 2. to take (by
lots.) 3. to take, eaich. m^So » trap.
4. to Ukc, calch (a beast.) 5. to caltli,
take hold on. lap over.
SS a^ih windinp stai.s. 2. S»^ rh^"^
HEBREW LEXICON.
31
top*?
CDXQ
the iiii^lil, the (ieviutor, the d;uk con-
densed air ou tue back of the eajrth,
which is the principal cause of its devid-
iiuii iroiii a rectilinear to a circular
coursp. ■?. n^*^'*? the scree' h owl. 4-
'h'h kSi^ if not, unless, «cept.
irh rK*77 round loops.
IC^ to accustom, habituate 2. to learn,
to te^ch. ^'Z^n a scholar, 3. I^dSo
aa ox goad.
\^ to stay, abide, remain. nil7'3 a lodge,
hovel, shed. 2. to dwell upon, (tnurmur,
gruiuble.) \i/ to lodge oneseif.
y ? to iick up, absorb. J>l7 the throat,
gullet, swallow. J?'?^ HyVi^ a worm,
see y^n- Der. Lat. lingo, French, laiigae,
Eiig. language.
2y^ to deride, sneer.
iin to mock, deride, sneer, contempt.
Der. Gothic ulahgan, ling, laugh.
TJ?*7 barbarous. Ps. cxiv. i.
lOJJ"? to swalloiv e;tgeily, gnip, Der,
y being transposed; to glut.
|J?*7 "^^V? wmnnvood. Der. a loon.
13*? *7'3*? a burning torch or tire-brand,
aisn flames, liaslies of tire. Der. Gr. and
Lat. lauipus. Lng. lamp,
nS7 to incline, turn aside, Jud. xvi. 29.
Ruth. iii. 8. Job. vi. 18. Der. Gr^«fo?
L«t. Iffivus. Eng. left.
*^7 to deride, scoil', scoin. 'jlxS ecorning,
2. I^'Sd an advocate, ste \^f2. \*V^ to
scolf repeatedl.i , continual. y.
-i3f7 llfVD Chald. a house steward, a
, butler.
p7 to lick or I;ip wiih thi? tongue. 2. pS*
the winged chafer. pp7 to liok or lap.
repeatedly. Der. to lick, old Lat. lix.
Eng. liquor.
np7 this often drops theb to take, receive,
accept. r^p'^D capture, prey. C^Ppbo
tones. »np'?f3 the jaws, mp a prison.
nipbDa t.Uiins, receiving, rinpo wares.
Der.'Gr. -A'JX^w Eng. Inck, Lat. locus.
t2p7 to pick, pickup, gather. 2. topirk
up, glean, a gleaning. 3. t» pick up,
gather (in sniaU sutns.j Der, Lat. lego,
••".ng. collect.
V^3b to crop, cut off, 2. a crop of grass
eaten otr. 3. rpbO the harvest rain.
Der. Lat. locusta, Eng. locuit.
Vb to kiicad as dough. 2. Vf"'} a fierce
lion. 3. yVf'^ '^^b tiitf tongue, tongue or
Jauxuaae. a bay or arm of ihe sea, a
piece of gold, an ingot, a tongue or tiame
(>f lire, to betony;ue, speak against.
1*?7 to be wet, nnjist. liquid, moisture.
"I^S HDV'?, r)2vh. a chamber room.
SV"? a j'igure, a precious stone, like a
carbuncle.
j^*? the tongue, to speak against.
I nn? nnn'pa a wardrobe, vestry,
j "Y^^ a cor, half a homer.
1 yr\b to break in pieces. IT'j^nbO the
[ grinders.
^n'l'? Leviathan, the crocodile. 2. a whale
or large cetacious fish. Ps. civ. 26.
N/^b if not, unless, except, 'bib if nof
'/N1C)7 see bD vi. 6.
n
O a particle.from \D from Tiin i. from,
by. 2. without. 3. near, toward. *. before,
in the piesence of. 5. against. 6. of,
concerning, for, 7. from, out of. 8. rather,
thiu, more than. g. because of, by reason
of. 10. according to. 11. forwant of. 12.
with a V. iutliiitive it is negative, from,
lest, that, not. after D in this sense to
be, is somelimtrs understood. 13. some-
time?, though rarely, it admits another
particle before it ju the senses, of from,
out of, more ihan. 14. with TJ? unto, or
"ly^ even unto, foilowiuir, it may be
rendered, both, as well. HD abreviated
what, as HID what is this ?
NO Chald. what.
"7X0 strength, ability, faculty. 2, as a n.
very, very great. 3. as a^«rf. veiy uiuch,
vehemenl. INS TND most txctedingly.
la'i ly even exceedingly, to a tery
ureal degree Der. might,
nXD an hundred. TKO a century. nlN^S
hundreds, D'r\K<3 two hundred. nVKD
centiirits. Der. Saxon ma. Eng. more.
QXtt niKO the least thing, any thing
Chuld, QWi a blot, blemish.
38
HEBREW LE\[COM.
',n»
y»D
]ND to refuse. 2. H":^^ Chalrt. vessels,
instruments, utensils.
DHO to crack, peel olT. 2. to despise,
abhor. D1KD refuse, vile.
"IKO Arab, to rankle, iiwetenife.
SO to dissolve, melt. 1. in niph. to he
dissolved, melted, 2. to melt, be melted
(through ftar). 3. to melt away, be dis-
persed. iy2 to melt or dif solve very
much, to become very soft (as the earth
with rain), to dissolve, dissipate, to
lueit, flow, run down, to melt, flow down,
Jahiph. to be melted away. Der. mug.
TJIO Arab, to excel in i^l-ry. precious
fruits, valuable produce. D»"'^0 preci-
ous plants, or (lowers. nVj'^;;^ precious
fhmgs, vahiable.
7J.0 see bj 12. a sickle,
po Chald. gratis, without compensatiou. 2.
a shield see \> 3.
"li^ to tbrow, cast down. 2. Chald. nearly
the same. 3. TliJDO subterraneous
raposiiories for corn.
ID to measure. '2. mo a share, allotted
tribute. S- ^"1^ a long robe. I'I'O to
measure exactly, to be measured, leugth-
eued out, in hiph. to measure, stretch
or extend oneself. Der. Lat. metior,
Eng. to mete, Greek MsTpv
pO see p 2. a province.
yiO tee yi* (3. knowledge,
na 1. who, which, what, how, how much,
howl by wbat means, in wUU mauuer.
wherefore? why} 2. n03 in, or by
whut, how? for whHt, whercfoie, why.
3. rr:a how many i so many, how loug^
Low often, Chald. how. 4. riQ7 for
what, wherefore, why. 5. ^'O 1)}. how
long, nulil. 6. ♦O who > what? of whom,
whoEc. 7. 10 the very. "103 in, imo,
through the very. T33 as or like the very,
actually. inS for. to, at, ou the very
10 hin), them. nf2no to delay, dally,
what what? how how?
bno to mix, mingle. Der. Fiencb meler,
Eng. pell-mell.
"inD to hnste, hasten. "^^HD expeditions,
ready. mnO haste. 2. to precipitate,
fall headlong. ")n03 hasty, prfcipilale,
rash, .3. a dowry, poriiofl, (ewpedition
money)- Der. to marry.
10 see no J. the very.
□"^Q a spot, blemish.
NTO see NT» heated.
70 to consume, or be crtusumed.
JliO to mix, mingle, wine miu^ed. Dei
dr. fxto-yw ({, mix.
n^D a girdle, or belt.
"110 a corrupt, purulent wound or sore. S
■»7?iD one corrnptly, spuriously born. 2
r^"l10 a corrupt poisonous wind tha
blovvs in the iieat of the summer. %
DHTO see "IT- 3. compressed air, cold
HnO to strike, clap (the hands) together.
2. Chald. strike, smile, j. Chald. ii
Tlh. to be smitten, destroyed.
nnO to wipe, wipe clean, smooth. 2. tc
wipe off (as t^ars). 3. to wipe off, sweej
away (by a tiond). *. to wipe, blot on
(an inscription). 3. to wipe olt', ob
literate, destroy. 6. to wipe otf, to'all}
de.stroy. 7- to wipe away (sins}. 8. t(
wipe upon, brush by. 9. ♦riD a cata
pulta, balista, or battering ram. rf\nr.
engines of destruction. 10. no» nio th
fat. D'nOO fut things, things coverec
with fat.
ynO to drive in deeply (arrows;. 2. tc
strike, penetrate, wound deeply. 3. tt
plunge in, imbrue.
pno to break, pierce through, transfix. '
^^0 to commute, exthange, barter. *t
the price, value. 2. the morrow, fierei
after. Der. morrow.
tSO to slide, slip aside, lapse. 9, slipping
gliding (of li'^'htening). 3. tobringupon
(they will cause to slide upon). ♦. to b<
slipt, disjointed (and so disabled^ 5. tt
slip, fail asunder. 6. tfllO u lever, pole
slider. 1. riClO the cross bar, slider o
a yoke. 8. ."1130 a conch, a rod, se«
no3 t3U0 to slip, fall to pieces, b<
entirely dissolved.
KDO and i^Vi\2 Chftld. to reach unW
come to. or npon.
nteC see nno a bow shot.
bDO b^ttO a forced bar.
"WOO to pbower down, rain.
'0 see D^ 3- waters.and MO who. 6.
D*0 see D* waters, x
VO sec njO a species
V'O see nv siptcezing.
HEBREW LEXICON
33
non
"1*Q see 1^* to change
■^0 to decay, t.» fall to decay; grow poor.
Der. Gr. M;xp; L^t. maceo, Freiicli
inaigrc, Eiig. ineaijie.
'^'210 to deliver, give np. 2. to sell ware,
laerchandise. 13?2rD a selling, sale. 3.
mi3D lee mS 1. -aud ms 1. Der. (3
and 1 being trauspoicd; Lat. nierx.
Eug. merchant.
Sd to cut off (as flower?, fruit.) 2. to cnt
ofl, cut to pieces an eueuiy. 3. to cut
otf) the foreskin, circnmcise. 4. n70:3
aneniniet or aut. 5. to divide the voice,
arliculate, lalk. D*'?J3 words, spfecbex-
n^^D a tolk, a r))e word. 6. "PlO a
catting off, termination, boundary, us a
parlicLe 3 lieiiig understood, in tlie
lerniination, extremity, border. SlD /N
at the termination, txtremity. ViO bx
♦JS at the teiuiiu.ilion of the face,
towards tlic fore front. 5. "^i^lO at the
exiremity. 'bCQ on niy border. blOO
from the extremity, from off. btJID'?
towards the extremity. ^bO to cnt off
entirely, to be divided, br<;ke;i in pieces.
TyT^t^ ripe ears of coin. /'''2 to speak,
articulately , talk. Der. Gr. M.'Xo; Eiig-
melody.
kS^ to be full, filled, in iiipli. to be fliled,
in bith. to sariate, glut oi.-self, fiilacss,
niultititde. 2. to fuliii, iiccouipiish as
coua:eis. 5. to fullil, accomplish, com-
plete. 4. afler anotbtr, v. fuily, strongly.
5. "inK Vn^ tv. fiiifil alter, f..ilow
enti'cly.^ 6. *1' nS-S to fill the band. 7.
p« nK"?0 kSo 10 set a stone in (he
socket made to receive it. 8. IJjSd
D^tflSv.l fill up the boles of the shield.
I). 37 K^D fill, (embolden) the heart.
nSo i^rj fulness, full leiiRlh.
nSo to Uissolvc, he dissolved. TitDQ
2. salt. 3. a'n?^ 6,'jilors, salt wztcr
men. *. mISo an herb of a salt faite. 5.
rotten, dissolved (rags). 6. Cbald. £.ilt.
I»er. Eng. mulch.
loSa to deliver, rescue. 2. brin* fyrrh fa
ciiilri}, lay (eg^s). 3. to escape. Itai)
out, slip aw.;y. 4. to bec'>ij[e Sinooth,
Ltild. b. see u7 a vault.
"|7^ to reign, a king. 71370 a queen.
nioSri a kingdom. 2. Vloloch, the kin?,
the ruler 3. a»D\yn nsSo the queen
of heaven. flSM'^O the frame or work-
manship. 4. to Consult, deliberate,
counsel. 5. 0^*70 Milcom. 6. n^^OIIK
Adramelech the solar tire, or, illustrioug,
florious king. l^OJJ? Aaameleth, the
c:ond king.
^■pD, to be soothing, agreeable, sweet. 2.
"i^'^0 an :idvocate, intercessor, media-
tor, "i. 'i'^^ro the priests, ambassadors,
typif al intercessors. 4, n5f*'70 pleasaut-
ueas, sweetness, eloquence.
p''0 10 wriiiL', pinch off.
CD see "0 14. and |D 8.
ft30 Ciiald. to number, reckon. ^20 a
number.
nSD mSO a toll, tax, tribute.
n^D to distribute by i umber. CZ^'li'O num.
bers, limes. 2. ^*0 a iiiecies, kind. 3.
]'3 a species, manua. 4. riJ;Dn, rijiCn a
ilelineation, similitiuie. or rcpresenlatjon.
5. D'JG the strings of a musical instru-
ments. 6. to distribnte, allot, appoint,
assign, njO. m:?3. r\V3D. niKiO a part,
portion. TuQ. a*:D a mina, one hun-
dred shekels weight, sixty 8b<-kelb money,
8. p, ♦iO a particle see O ♦iO a part
of Armenia. 9. *5'3 Men! (the dispenser,
the distributor, an idol of ihe heavens).
10. *J0 Chald. to appoint, ordaiu. li«
^O from, that, who, what. »"t p wlw-
soever. Der. many, Lat. roauus, Gr.
Mwi' Eng. mental.
nj?3, nniO an offering or present.
-]jo, NDiiD, x:^r:. 8^3':?3 chald. a
wreathed chain or collar.
V-^ to withhold, piohibit, restrain, keep
back, retain. Dtr. Gr. jW'vi'o; Lat. and
Ens;, minor.
■\:0, •Ti:;o a weaver's beam, or roller.
r.wO disunion, dissolution of any thing.
1. to melt, diss. live (by heat). 2. to
melt, dissolve (by wet). 3, to be loosed
dJauaited (as bauds). 4. to waste away,
(dissolve insensibly). DOJ wasted. 6.
applied to the heart, loosing its consist-
ency, strength, tirmness. 6. to melt, be
melted, consume awa/. Tip's a wasting.
34
HEBREW LEXICON.
PD
h\ffi:i
consuminjr, 7- ^^ a draught or levy of
men. t5. r\DO a tribute, tax, excise. CDO
to melt, entirely dissolve, Uer. moist.
"ID'S' nSDD the warp. 2. HaiDD an
intextiire, entanglement. 3. to mix.
nOOD old turbid wine. 4. to mingle,
lutoxicj<te. Der. Lat. Misco, Eng. mix.
")D^ to deliver, give up, present, offer.
9. to deliver, teach.
TyO to totter, stagger, slip, ny^e slips,
stumblmgs. 2. HDiyD shakings, trem-
blings.
.1^0 to be lax, loose. 1. ^^O the bowels,
innerparts. 2. ♦nlJ^Q grains of sand*
or gravel.
12)?0 to be diminished, little, few, 2. of
Jlttle worth, small valne, a thing of no
value, a trifle. 3. IcyoD as it were a
liitle, within a little, almost nigh,
suddenly. Der. mote, mile, moth.
"lyD to compress, squeeze, crush.
"^yO to decline, a defection, apostacy.
i2. a robe, see nby xii. Der. Gr. /(xsXfw
Lat. malus, Eng. ninlice.
\yr: to remain, dwell. pyO a mansion,
a den. "^'iJ^Q a dwelling, 'z. ^J/D whence.
■ \y^b see n:y x. Der. Gr. /u-evo ^ovs
Lat. maneo. hng. mansion.
"l>'?2 see "i>* xi. and Hiy i. 2. niJ^C
cave, cavern, see n"lV vii.
K'.ft2 to find, meet with. 2. to find, meet
with (an enemy). 3. to tind, ligljt npon,
befal. *. to find (what was lost). 5. t'j
find ont (what was unknown). 6. to find
(receive in return). 7. to find obtain,
procure, acquire. 8. to find (supply),
sufiice. 9. to find, experience, feel. lo.
iiiph to be found, attend, be pretent.
11. ill hith. til cause to find, oJlcr
present. 12. "I* K2fon the hand findetb,
ready at hvind.
n".fO see my il. a dffile.
nyo to squeeze, piess. ^'D .squeezing.
2. a cake of unleavened bread. 3. to
express, squeeze, wring. 4. chatf. 5,
to squeezx-, wring, oppress.
ryo sec njf v. vi. the forehead.
|50 to dissolve, lot, pine, waste away
corruption, putrefaction, stench. Der.'
muck. Lat. muceo, ling, mucid.
^P'i a light rod, or twig.
ID to be bitter. 2. myrrb. 3. to be em'
bittered, grieved, displeased. ♦. a drop,
see "ICJ 3. "»10 to be very bitter,
oflfensive to the taste. n~nO the bile
or gall, to imbitter exceedingly. D♦^1^0n
great bitternesses. "10"1D to be exceed-
ingly embittered, provoked.
KID to raise, swell up. 2. HKIO swelling
with pride, arrogant. 3. HKID the crop
of a pigeon. 4. K'lO a fatted beast, a
fatliug. 6. Chald. a sovereign, a sup'teme
lord.
JIQ a threshing machine, van.
TIO to rebel, revolt. 2. 1T\^ afflictioB,
dejection, see 11" 2.
iTi?3 to resist, stand up, or rebel agaitist.
*"1Q disobedience, rebellion. 2. HTD a
razor. S. lOn see 100.
*no to overspread, smear or spread over.
Der. merk, murky.
10"ID to make or wear smooth or shining.
1. to furliish, burnish, rub bright. 2.
to wear smooth and shining. 3. to make
smooth. 4. to be plucked, made smooth.
Y"l?3 1. to be strong, forcible. 2. to force,
compel, embolden.
pID to scour, cleanse. 2. to scour, fur-
bish. •}. broth.
It'O to feel, search, examine. 2. to feel
about, grope. tfVfO toseanh repeatedly,
by feeling, to grope, feel about.
nt'O lo withdraw, remove. 2. to draw
out or forth. 3. '<t*C very fine linen
cloth.
liifD to annoint. nntt*D an anointing..
n'U'D Messiah, iniointed, 2. to smear
(with paint miniiled with oil). 3. Chald.
oil. Dtr. Messiah.
"|fD to draw. l. to draw. 2. to draw, fake
oui of a niimbei-. 3. to draw out in
length, protract. 4. lo draw in a yoke,
5. to draw, advance towards. 6. to draw»
allure, entice. 7. to draw, attract- 8.
to draw, delineate, write. 9. to draw,
(as a bow). lO. to draw, stretch out,
join (hands). 11. to draw forth (from
a basket). 12. to diaw, drag down, force
away. 13. to draw, contract, draw toge-
ther. m^VD contraction, contracted
particles.
7t'D to rule, have dominion. fTTV^D
HEBREW LEXICON.
35
2i
V^
domioion rule, a royal retinue. 2. aa
authoritative weighty speech. 3. a
weighty sayiug, a parable. 4. a proverb
a bye word.
yVU to vvi[ie clean-
pCD to comb, card, tear, lacerate. pl?'20
a place of tearing.
no to die» a deid corpse. TiTa death,
♦mo deaths. nrV-sn death, patting to
deatb. C»m mortals, men, deaih,
adiesolulion or failure of all the fuuc-
tioas of the b^dy. 2. 'r\0 a particle
from no uhat, and ♦.■!* shall U be,
when. ♦ncS wlieu, at what time, *ty
"no to uhat time. Low loii». 3. DrS
PiniO to kill euii.'ely, compieteij»
cli»pati.h.
ano the bit of a bridle,
rino to extenri, disteiid, stretch out. 2.
nrijTDK a bag or ssck
\n^- a':m t'heloius.
pro lo be sweet, agreeable. 2. to be
-^ffreeabie, pleasing pTV3 sweet, pleasant.
[n-^rn see nn deuy.
IQ^So see "^TD Milcnm.
■]TiD Mijrodacb, a Babyloiiisb idol.
|Ni annul, .disannul, Criistrafe, varate. 2.
raMn a failure. 3. to discourage, cause
to fail. 4. uiiderdoiie, raw. 5, now. 6.
Hit? now, now ;
''^i a goat, or kid Rkin bottle.
."JiSJ 5ee niK 1. beautiful places.
'^Ki lo be foolish, mad, to be violently
«2itated.
Civ J to say. assert, affirm. Der. Gothic
"■"110, Saxou nama, Eng. name, Greek
O""/^*, Lat. r.omen.
^Xi to coGiinit adultery, debauch, 2. to
commit sdultery, or idolatry. ♦B^S^?J
^ scandalous repeated adulteries.
YN3 to cast off, reject, despise, .slight.
ny.vi contempt, contumely. 2. to cast
«jr, shfd (leaves, bair, &c.; Der. Lut,
and Eng. nr.ii.pa.
pm to groan. rpKi a groaning.
"iS'i to cost off, away.
S^ to put forth, bud, germinate, I*i
fruit, produce, nniin increase. 2. to
increase. 3. to put forth, utter, prodn. f.
3^J fruit. 13J u »',abylouish idol. 33J
to cause to germinate. Der. kiiob.
S*2j to prophesy. K'3J a prophet. nK»3J
a prophetess.
nsi to prophesy, lu hitb. to be or become
a prophet.
!^3i to bark.
^2.3 to look, behold, regard, the object
of regard, hope, or expectation.
"1^2 to be entangled, perplexed. ♦-33
, intricate passatjes. ^3133 perplexity,
'33 to fall, flow down, off, away. i. to fall
off. fade away (as leaves). 2. to wear,
w.\ste away. 3. to wear, piue away. 4.
to cast otr, reject, coutemn, make or
esteem vile, v;l*', refuse, coutemptible.
a villain.. 5. .1^33 nS33 a loathsome
dead carcase. 6. an earthen jug, or jar
.(for pouring). 7. a stringed musical
instrument, the nabla. 8. 7l33 a flood,
deluge.
y33 to gush, spring, bubble out or up,
2. m hipb. to pour uut, utter. 3. iu
biph. to cause to bubble up (ferment).
n)r3y3» see nj?a tumours.
3J3 the dry, parched country, the desert.
i'0nj3 103 eminent, excellent. 2. an
eminent person, a commander, k-i-
tler, chief, s. to be manifest, evident, as
a particle, before, before the eyes of,
in the presence of. 2. l^'i^ at, before.
3. "JJID frt m before. 4. to make mani-
fest, declare. 5. to issue forth to view.
•^^3 to be bright, glitter, shine.
^^^ to push, strike, butt.
p3 to strike, play on a stringed in?tru-
meut. p:0 a pla>er, minstrel. n:'J3
striueed instruments, a psalm, a song.
a singiug to stringed instruments. ri30;o
a song, music.
VJ3 to touch, meddle with. 2. to reach
touch, come onto. 3, to come upon,
occur, happen. 4. to smite, strike or
plague.
P]33 to hit, strike, smite. ^1533 a slaughter.
2. to smite, a stroke or pkigue. 3. to hit,
strike, 2 stumbling against. 4. in hi|)li.
to clap, shnt to. 5. P]i the body, rS*3
a body, csrcase. 6. ^^ the wing of a
bird. 7. *5J the wings, appendages of a
36
HEBREW LEXICON,
inj.
am
building. 3. ♦Sjjtt fJie bodies, or corps
of an army. 9. ^3> a vine. tXl^ tDJ
the vine of the field, or bitter gourd.
133 to spread out, or abroad. 2. to spread
abroad, diffuse, pour out. D^1J3 lor-
reiiu, 3. to pour out, shed blood. 4.
to spread abroad, stretch out.
\PJ5 beiug cl'^se to, ciriiliniug, pressing. ^1.
VJ31 lo be close to, coulined by, or in.
2. ^''i clods, filtb, adhesive dirt. 3. to
come close, very near to. 4. to straiten,
oppress, distress. 5. extort, exact, tax
gatherer, task master. tt*BfJI3 to come
very close to.
■73 to move, remove. 1. to move, wag,
he asitated, shaken. Tj and 11-D
a shaking, wagsing. 2. to flit, tly away.
3. a fngiiive, vagabond, i. flit away,
[as sleep]. 5. to remove, reject, cast out,
axray. fllJ removed, rejected, reproba-
ted. 6. the price of a wLore, the retiring
fee. 7. *3*7: the price given to an adul-
foress. 8. p3 a sheaili, or scabbard. 9.
pi * Cliald. the body the scabbard
of the soul. JO. a Leap of things moved
one upon another. '^*T3 to remove
quickly, hasten away, to depart, swiftly,
flit away [like a vision], to renwve hither
and thither, wander, in hiih. to be
agitated, oa one's own account.
S*I3 free, libeial. 3»^3 free, spontaneous,
liberal. nin*"I3 liberalities, liberal things.
m3 see 'J3-5.
^113 to impel, force, thrust. ""I^O im-
oulse. 2, to make an impnise or stroke.
3. to be impelled, incited, moved.
p3 see 13 7. e. 9.
i^13 ?ee yT 7. to know.
f^T3 to drive, hurry away.
.""I^ to vow, promise, consecrate,
^^3 to carry away, lead, bring, drive. 2.
to lead, carry, carry away, conduct.
:>. to bring, lead. 4. to drive. J»n30 a
driving, marching. . Der. a nag. FretiCh
maneger.
nnj to lament, bewail. ♦HS a lamentation.
'HJ to tend, lead on. gently. 2. to cmi.
duct, c^rry gently. 3. to tend, take care
of. Q*^7n3 shining, gaudy flowers.
C3ri3 to grnmble, growl. 2, to roar, or
murmur (as the sea). 3. to grumble.
groan.moan. nDn3murmaring, moaning
pn3 to bray (like the wild ass). 2. to make
a doleful C17, or noise.
^•13 to flow, ran. '^n3, a»"in3. rvnns, a
stream, river, flood. 2. Chald. a
river. 3. to flow, run together (a»
people). 4. mnj a stream, or flux of
light. 5. iiiph. to be enlightened, i. e.
comforted. 0. PTinOD dens (enlightened
by an hole.; 7. '*i">7^3 Ciiald. li?ht.
^13 to dwell, house, fold, sheepcote,
. dwelling, den.
/1J to confiscate.
TtJ see n to boil.
nti to leap, leap out. 1. to leap, spurtj
out (as blood). 2. hiph to sprinkle. 3.
to exult. ,
7?3 to distil, trickle, run down, D*7Ti
trickling streams, rills. 2. to trickle
down, melf. r^. to exhale freely, flow
out. 4. r\'>7lj efiluxes, streams of light
from ihe pUuets, Der. L?.t. stila, Eng.
to still.
DT3 a ring fc-r the ear or nose.
pV to damage, impair.
17J to })eseperated, set apart, seqnestered.
2. *TT3 a nazarite. "^IJ tiie seperation,
the nazarite hair or locks. .'5. '^♦iJ
seperaled from its osnal state and con-
dition. 4. a crown, diadem, holy oil or
a.ny other mark of separation. . ■
nJ to rest, settle, after labor, or ra«lion.
nn3 rest, r.nj quietness nl-D a resting
place. nm:D nC^ chief chamberlain.
2. nn1.:a nn3D a gitt.oblatiou, present.
nln'J.nn'J entire resti tolai appease-
ment. Tn1n»3 Cha Id. sacrifices of rtst.
Der. Gr. Ni.|. wxtc^, Lat nox, noclis.
G.»th. naiita, ht^ich miit, Eng. night.
rin3 fo lead,- guide, conduct.
7TM tu inherit, an iuheritancc^ 2.;r\^»ni
some wind iiistrnment comp. bbfis. and
''n 3. S. a valiey.a tojrenf,
Dni to comfort, console, cheer. Pnj
nr:ni. n.-^n:. consojatioy. a. (<, repent
repentance.
\r.:, l:n: we, see ijnj«
ynj to hasten, urge.
•^nito snort. 'Vn the nostrils. 2
snorting, (as a war horse.-) 3. to suorl
(as iu anger).
HE B RE W LEXICON.
37
fj-JJ
Vn; to view, eye, observe attentively. 2
to look, search, enquire accnnucly. 3.
loHiiXiir. 4. a serpent. 5. a sea serpent.
6. Htfn^, n^irn, nvna, copper, native
brass. ^^'^^ i»r;izcu, made of brass. 7.
JXlfni poisooous filth, verdigrease. 8.
Hit'rW .a chaiu fr fetter of brass or
copper. 9. see ]ntt'n: a brazen serpent.
nnj to descend, come down. 2. Chald-
to descend. S. toxlescend into, pierce. ♦,
i)s a particle, under, P-TinD underneatb,
below, nnno? at under, under, for,
instead of, in the place of, for, on
account of, because ef. 5. D'nnn
lower, lowest, ^^nnn lower, netber,
inferior. Der neath.
i^'Oi to stretch, stretch oat or fortb»
decline, incline. 1. to stretch out (as a
lent. nUflO the stretchings out, ex-
tensions. 2. t(» stretch out "(as a line).
S. to stretch out (the hand). *. to stretch
out, extend (as a sbadow). 5. to stretch
out, incline, let down, to decline (as
the day/. 6. to decline, turn aside,
hiph. to reduce. ntfiD a declinin^jturn-
iug aside, aposiacy. 7. ia hiph. to cause
to decline, divert, turn aside (judgment).
8. to incline or decline to a party. 9. to
decline, bow, lean as a wall. 10. to
incline, bow, bend oneself. 11. to
extend, diffuse, pour abroad. 12. to
stretch, spread out. 13. to stretch,
recline oneself. 14. a mattrass. a divan
or sopha, a litter, palanquin, a bier. 15.
a rod, branch, a stick or staff, ihe start'
of bread, a rod or staff for beatiug, the
«tatr for the shoulder, a rod of auth<rity.
J>HflO staves or bars of a yoke, rods
or shafts of arrows 16. n5:D- TXJiU a
tribe. 17. as a particle. <"I!Sa down-
wards, Delow, beneath. nOf37 down-
wards, to below, beneath, underground.
riDC7'3 beneath, nndeine»'th. at Ijelow.
Der. Lat. matta, £ng mat, mattress.
^tfli to impose, lay on. 2. lo impose as
% punishment 3. '^TD3 carriers, bearers,
or loaden with. 4. ChaM. to lift up.
raise, elevat-e. also, see v'tS and ^t3*"
i'Ci to plant. 2. to plant, settle a nation-
3. lo plant, fix a lent.
JD) to distil as rain. 2. to dislil, flow
down. 3. to distil drop, stacte, myrrb.
5. TMi''Ui drops, jtwels.
103 to watch, mark, observe, a keeper, a
watchman. 2. to watch, observe in-
siduously. 3. HTJD a mark, or butt.
^ ♦. niDD a prison, a place watched.
'i'l^l to loose, loosen, let loose. 1. in ulph.
to be loosened, slackeiied. 2. to set
loose, spread forth. 3. to b..- set
loose, diffused, stretch out. rWL3:>
the luxuriant branches oi a vine. *.
to draw a sword, i,. niph. to be uiilused',
spread abroad. 6. nYt^m extending
fortifications. 7. to let loose, let go,
leave, a. to iet go, leave off, dismiss-
9. to leave, remit. 10. jyiaj with 7 leave
at liberty, i)ermit to do. ii. to Iti
alone, leave, 12. to set loose, forsake,
abandon.
p see \: a son.
K33 see TOO spicery.
*73J posterity, progeny.
n^J to smite, strike. 2. Sn2i seena
2. puuiittiiig. JDer. to nick. lm. neco,
Eng. noceiit, innocent.
ri33 straigbtaess, riglitness. 1. to make
straight, direct. 2. direcUy, opposite,
over against. n2J7 st.'aight fi>rwar<is.
3. t;» act, speak aireclly, truly. n33
D^nDD ngbt. agreeable to truLh.
733 to devise, contrive deceiUully. *?n3
deceitful, a dtteiver.
D33 sc'e D2 2. nthes.
"IDD to eBiiauge, alienate, a foreigner.
n*133 a strange woinau.
r.-O see ^2 beating.
r.73 to coiiipltte, coDsumniate. end. ^730
completion, prosperity. 2. Chald. T\>
see Sl3
□3 to siarnfcer, dose, sleep lightly. HO'tf
slumbering, drowsiness. TlCijn slumber-
in?, composure. Dtr. uumb.
7»3 see 70 4. an ant.
103 Chald. t'> variesnte. 1. the pard or
panther. 2. THOS n*S the temple of
the paid. 3. "iD a spot or drop.
j3 to propagate, spread successively, ^*5
a son. y^'^ to be made or become a son.
D3 a quick, waving, tremulous motiou.
38
HEBREW LEXICON,
nrj
2yj
1. to nee, a flii?ht. Dl:o a refuge. 2.
ti> glitter. 3, a banner, ensiijti, a sign,
signal, a sail. *. p*3 Nisan. CDJ to
fly off enlirely, to wave, glister witli
ligJit, as stones, to erect, display.
JD3 t<> recede, retire, go back. , , •
no J to try, attempt, essay. 2. to try,
prove, tempt. riD?2 trials. 3. to try,
tempt (G<>d^. temptation. Der. nice,
Lat. iiasus, French nez. Eng. nose.
nD3 to take, pull, pluck away,
■]SJ to diffuse, pour out, a libation. 2.
to diffuse, pf>ur abroatl. 3. to spread
over, overspread. D^DD a covering.
coverlet. <t. to overspread (with gold or
jilver). 6. to anoint, see "TD. 6. riDDO
the warp, see "jDQ 1.
p3 see D3 4. Nisan.
VDJ to remove. 1. to remove. 2 travel, be
removed. HJJ'D a moving, rushing along.
pD3 to ai?cend, go up. 3. Chald. to cause
to ascend, take up.
y3 to move, remove, wander, a vagabond^
wanderer. 2. to move, l)e moved, to shake,
agitate. V^J/i the sisirum. Der. Greek
Nit/w Lat. nuo. Eng. nutation.
. 3 to fasten, '^pn- Sij;:d a holt or lock,
2. TJ^JD a shoe or sandal, 'i. Chald-
in aph. to bring in, introduce.
Dy3 to be pleasant, sweet. D*Djr3>3 plea-
sant meats, dainties.
\Vi to fix, infix. yiV;?3 a kind of thorn.
*1J?3 to agitate, move briskly. 1, to shake,
agitate. 2. an agitation, violence, per-
turbaiion. 3. ^"1^3 tow. ♦. a child, a
youth, young man, or woman. JTIJIS a
girl. 5. a child, ignorant, simple. 6. to
roar, from iy.
>]> to reach out, stretch forth, I. Hiph.
to reach, stretch out. 2. Hiph. to reach,
stretch out. 3. Hiph, to reach out, pre-
sent, tender. 4. to stretch forth, ext^nd.
B. to etretch forth, extend. 6, ^13 a
stretching forth, extention. i. r>&D,r>"lS3
an evtention, crtent. a. n53 honey,
see nS 4. r|&3 to stretch out repeatedly.
nbJ to breathe, to blow wi:h a bla;st of
air, a bellows. 2. to puff, snnff at. ri£5
pjffiiig. ^. to pant for breath, breathe
sho.'j 4, to bello ", in Hiph. tu smite.
''?
5- n»3 ashes. 6. D»nS quick burning
coals. anS live coals. 7. n>sn the
citron. Der. Gr. "^nw Eng. pueumalic.
^^i an emerald.
''SJ to fall, 1. to fall (as lots). 2. to
fall, befil, happen. 3. to tali (to the
ground) fail. 4. to fall upon, (as
sleep, lerror). 5. to fall down, (as a
t^^ wall). nSsD a ruiu. 6. to fall
•^3 m battle). 7. to 'be fallen, to lie
C^s on a bed, or dead). 8. to lie, lie
down. 9. to lie, be disposed (as an
aroiy. lo. to lie, be situated, dwell. U.
with D following to fall shoit of, be
itiferior to. 12. with ti following, to
fall off, cease from. n. to fall, sink
(as tae coiniteruuce). 14. to fall, decay
rot. lb. Hipb. to cause to fall caVt
forth. 16. to be dejected, cast down.
17. to fail, to no purpose, or to be lost.
18. to fall, be laid, pieaent. accept, jw.
to fall upon, nbsa.ilt. 20. to liybt down
alight. 21. fall off, desert. 2 J. an abortion!
an abortive birth. b3'2 refuse, ofia! (of
corn). 24. ♦S£)o fl,kes. 05.' nSso a
dead carcase. 26. D»'?S3. D^S'fli,
assaulters. SbSi to fall tnlirely re-
peatedly. Der. to fall.
^£53 to dissipate, disperse. 1. to disperse,
disseminate. T;»0 dispersion, dissipa-
tion. nii'isn dispersions. 9. to dissi-
pate, to break in pieces, a club. 3 lo
loose, separate into distinct pieces.
Y^fSS tod«sh. break into many pieces.
ySVSJ to fihaifer exceedingly.
|5W to bring, draw forth, produce. 2.
p'Sit an effusion, eflSux, stream. 3.
Chald. to go foMii, issue "out. NnpfeJ
expence. disbursement.
W&3 to breathe, respire, take breath,
breath. 2. IfSJ ♦nn smelling i.oxes. S. a
breathing fijinie, or body. 4. a living
creatu.e. or breathing animal. £. aflec-
tions. desires, appetites.
n&3 see niD3 and 8. HS 4.
KX: to shoot, rush, fiec away.
33fJ to stand, stand up. 2. 3»X3 a statue
a pillar. 9. to t>e settled. 4. the haft or
handle of a sword. 5. ^i^ a military
j station, or, garrison. 6. CSJfi station.
cry soldicra. 7. with TV following, to
HERR.EVV LEXICO.V.
^y^
a J/}
be Bet, preside over. ft. Chald. Kn25f3
fixedness. firmne53, strength.
Ti'ii to shoot, break, burst forth or on*.
!. to shoot fortb, bod, germinate. n5f3'
Piti a blossom. 2. to shoot forth,
spring (with vegeiables). 3. the plnmase
or feathcjs of birds. 4. >J3 the hawk,
the shooter away. 5. to shuot, rush, flee
away. 6. to break out, strive, contend,
strife. ^2f3 to sh„ot out, spariile. D^^fS:
sparkliu?. ^Ijf': a spark.
HX3 to be over, preside, subdue. 2. supe-
riority, excellency, strength, victory. J.
•T^iO the suhduer, the conqueror. 4.
beyond, onward, enduring, continuing,
persevering. HJ:? onward, still con-
tinually, for a loni,' time, to subdue,
till subdued, ri3f3 ty yet farther, until
subdued.
tY3 to take, pluck away, escape. 2. to
deliver. 3. to take trom, plunder, spoil.
"^yi to keep, guard, preserve, reserve.
'2. to keep, guard, watch. 3. a plant,
sucktr, young tree. 4- □^"iiyjinclosures.
Hpj see npi 5. pure.
Sp? to make hollow, form cavities.
1. to pierce, penetrate, perforate.
2. '2pJ pipes, fistuiar instruments of
music. 3. n3j30 a hole or cavity. *.
a hammer, sharp on one side to break
in piece.s. 5. Hap] a female. 6. Dp'
a wine fat. 7. — p a cab. three pints
one third Kngli.sh. 8. T^'2p the inner
p?rt or mom of a tent. 9. HDp the
belly of a female. 10. to pierce, wound,
blaspheme. 11. to impress, mark, dis-
tineiiish, define. *i3pi defined, denomi-
nated.
Ip2 to spr't. 1. spotted, speckled. 2.
ca^lpJ mou'.dy spots. 3. D'^p^ cakes
spotted with holes or seeds. 4. n\1(5J
etnils or spots of silver. 5. a shepherd,
who marks sheep.
npD to clear, clean away, 1. to be clear,
cleaned away. 2. *r'p3f3 broad, shallow
howls or difihes, 3. to clear away, ^Vp3
cleanness.- 4. to clear from guilt. 5.
KpJ clean, pure.
3)33 to avenge, revenge, vengeance.
ypa seeVp* alienated.
^pi to go round, surround. J~?l3"!pn
revohitioa, jircuit. 2. to surround, en-
compass. Sp3 a girding. 3. to surround,
go round, a compass. 4. Hiph. to g,/
round, cut round. 5. CSW apft,
monkeys.
"IpJ to bore, dig, cut out. 2, uiph. to be
iligged, cut out, 3. niph. to be borea,
perforated, eaten in holes. 4. Pnpi
ri*ip3 a hollow cavity, a hole. 6. Ilpo
a spring, or fountain, aeelp.
fc'p3 to lay snares. 2. Chald. to dash or
clash together.
"IJ to split, seperatc, divide. 1. 1*5 to
plough, a ploughing. 2. *1J rn3 rr*i;
a lamp. *1*3 a lamp giving light. •'"'^•3'2
£ chandelier, a place for lamps. 3. "\l3n
a furnace. 4. Chald. TJ «n1J fire.
"'13 nard, spikenard.
Kti^J to bear, take or lift up. 1. to bear,
bear up. 2. to take up. 3. to .be r.
suffice, contain. 4. to lilt up, lay on. 5.
to bear, carry. 6. to lay on, impose, h
usurer, in niph. one oppressed. 7. to
carry, bring. 8. to take away, carry ori.
9. to take, receive, ooiaiii. 10. to bring,
take [as a wife]. 11. to take up [words,
discourses]. 12. to take [as a uuniber],
see 23. 13. to brinar, present, n^'ii'3 a
fjift. I U to bear, as a tree does fnut. , o.
to bear sin as an oflciider, as amukr,
fine, reproach. 16. to bear sin, lakeawa).
17. with 7 following, to bear with. 18
to raise, take, lift up the feel, eyts,
&c. r\mf an elevation, rising, swelling,
ti^ty elevation, height. K*C3 a prince, an
elevated person. Q-KCi vapors. HNVQ
an elevation, rising, mstt'n elevations,
heights, outcries. ^IKVO ^^ elevated
cry, acclamation. 19. io raise, lift np
ae waves. ]'^iiV lifting up, swelling,
insolence' 20. to consume, burn, raise,
raise in smoke. I'l. to elate, pufT np.
seduce by elation. 22. t'Kn »V/3 to
lift up the head. 23. r«n Ktf3 to
take a sum. 24. D*3S kWS to lift
np the face. 25. fSi HVf^Sti to lift up
the soul, or de3ire8, affections.
5Ty3 to breathe, blow.
3V3 to overtake, reach, attato. 2. to over-
40
HEBREW LEXICON,
pn:
pass, go beyond, 3. in hiph, with 3 or
"^ tollowiiiy, to reach or altaiu to.
•'^'i'J to fie relaxed. 2 to be relaxed,
weakened H'^'n a faihire. S. D't'J
wouitu. 4. to he relaxed, remiss iii
puDiihiiig 3. to letgo. n^tt>3 oblivion.
for?et(ulne83. 6. to lend. T.^''^ a loan.
^'i*y.O lenders.
•^'vi'3 to i)ite. 2. to hurt, damage, usury.
6. HDB'i a chamber.
7C'3 to cast, reiijove by force. 2. to fake
aw.iy. i to be cast. *. lo cast (us fruit
J13 tne oHvej. 3. to pull off (as a shoe).
CVD to breatlie, breathe out. 2. riDtt»J.
r>CV3 breath. 3. I^JS^^ the spirit of
man. 4. rDtt'3 the breath or inspiration
of God, 5. nrD*«y3n the chameleon. G.
nttV:n the noose or some other water
fowl.
^\^*i to blow. 2. the evening or morning
breeze. P)'^3» the Ibis or Bittern. 4.
Ca-fitt'Ka kuid of conjurors, see^JtyS* 1.
j5W3 10 smack, kiss. 9. to kiss, touch gently,
lightly. 3. to clash (as armour). 4. to
snap, crackle (as fire).
n\t*J to lacerate, cut. nWra a saw. 2.
au tagle.
PV; see nc*. r^niif, and Htt': 2. Chald.
pnU?J, N3inV: a letter.
snj. 3^^3, na^nj a patb.
nrj to cut in pieces, a piece cut off.
"inj to he poured out, distil. £. to he
fused, melted. 3. to he poured forth.
)r\5 to give, grant, bestow. riDHD a gift,
nno a gift. pHK a gift, reward, present.
2. with n. 7K. Sjf . ♦J&b, and the like
followiu?, appoiut. :<. to make, to effect.
4. to give, grant, hestow, permit. 5. to
give, give forth, ntter. G. to give, yield,
bring forth plentifully. 7. to give, send
forth, emit. 8. withVy following, to'set,
to set upon, attack. 9. C3*J"in3 Nethl-
rims, persons given to the priests and
levites to assist them.
TD to demolish, destroy, spoil.
ynj see yn *? to break.
\r\i to bteak to pieces, break down, des-
troy, demoUsh.
pn3 to draw, withdraw. 1. to he drawn
away, withdrawn. 2. to withdraw, draw
off, entire, away. S. to draw, pluck np,
or off, i. to draw off, or out. 6. to draw,
pluck asuiidtr. 6. a kind of leprosy, a
scall. 7. p*''^^* pI'^X an outer cloister.
"inj to loose, loosen, let loose, set free.
2. to move, be moved loosely, nimbly.
2. nairura, 'T nitre, 4. Chald. to fall
off, shake off.
tt'n3 to extirpate, 2. to root up, raze. 3.
lo extirpate, root up, eradicate. 4. («f
waters), to be drawn out, exhausted.
nnrSJ ChaUl. a gift, reward.
Tnn3 Nibhaz the idol of the Avites.
l^nn: Kntt?n33 chald. a sconce or chan-
delier. •
n\t'n3 Nehnstan, the brazen serpent.
"^IDj Nisrcc, an Assyrian idol.
7Jnj Nergal, the idol of Cuth.
n^D to measure, a Seab, two and a half
gallons. nXDKD repeated, exact measure
^ND to shoe, a warrior, ^"iND a greave.
2D to turn, turn about, aside, around. *.
to turn, (iu hostility), 3. to turn
aside, remove. 4. to be turued, changed,
altered. 5. to turn, go about, encomp.is».
♦aDr2 environs. TiMDD circuits. C. lo
encompajs with, enclose. i3D to turn,
turnabout, to go about, go round, ciicurt.
to surround, encompass repeatedly.
a»aD circumference, environs. ♦. to
encompa."^?, enclose.
K3D to drink hard, guzrle, strong drink,
inebriating liquor
■jSD to weave, entwine, a thicket. «, Chald
. K23D a kind of harp.
7:10 to support, bear, carry a burden. 2«
Chald. ^'^niDD strongly laid, fit
tobear. Uer. Lat. sabulum, sand. Eng.
eabulosily.
"130 Chald. to think, hope, expect.
iO to recede, go, retreat. 3. nj>0 with-
drawn, retired. 3. J»D,.nU*D. D»JD
dross (of metals).
*)i)ID to bow (down to the ground), s.
Chald. to bow. IJDfi a place of worship.
SiD Chald. to pain, acquire. TitJD
property, treasure. Der. lat. 8in'.;ulus,
£ng. single.
IlERRETl- LEXICON.
41
2D
\D
pD- u:';!J;D princes, uobles, crer.t mm.
"^iD III ;hut, shut lip. "^"l-O an euclc^sure.
"iJ'D CDiifinement "1350 a prison
ni:i;Da border, 9. IJDC a 'mitli, or
locksMii'b. 3. IIJD close, solid, massive.
■n•^iD to sliul very close.
'*TD a clog, or logger, 'z- TD a secret.
or separate assemhly. a secret.
\1V to loosen, Itt loose. ptD a shirt,
smock. «r loose gown. Der. Gr. 2:*v^wv
L?,t. sindon.
"1*70 1. C'llD rows (ray?, beams). 2.
t'm3>*2 a gallf-ry, colonnade.
"\nD 1. round, of a round form. 2. ri'2
"\nDn a prison, roundljouse.
r.'V lo cover, cloatlie. r^O a garment,
vt-sture. 2. niDD a covering, a vail. 3
p'D Sivan about May, Chald. to rejoice.
3nD to dra?, draw by force or violence.
2. to pull {as doss witli the teeth}. 3
TilsriD raes, tatters.
nriD to sweep, scrape off. D*mDrefuse,
offscoiiiiiig. 2. to sweep otf, remove
entirely. 3. to demolish, raze. Der. to
sack, French saccager.
f^pv to sweep, drive. HD^nD- n3lnD a
, violent shower. Der. to sweep.
"Hnp to move to and fro. 1. to go about,
^' wander, traverse. 2. a hawker, merchant,
ijierchaiidise. n"!nD a mart. 3. mnO
a target, t)uckler. 4. rnnD fine varie-
taifd marble, "innn:) to flutler,
palpitate.
U'HD. V^no corn growing ipontaneoasly,
in the third year after seed time.
r,S2D, a^'^D decliuers.
HD to overspread, cover, a tabernacle,
covert, den, "^DO a covering vail. ^^^
,, "^D»D a covert, shelter. 2. to cover,
„|>fotect. defend. 3. to cover overspread.
4. V^in nN "ID to cover bis feet. 5.
to overspread, smear over. 6. r\^30
\m^ Succolh Benoth, the tabernacles,
' of young women, dedicated to the
productive powers. "IDDto cover, over.
shadow completely. "vDDD to protect,
defend repeatedly. ,
S-D to p^-rvert, a fool, ni73D perverse-
r.ess, folly.
pD to lay in store. 1. p30D frugal.
thrifty. n^D-DO rosjaziu^s, a store-
k-eper, a bouse steward. 2. to profit,
lay up. 3. Cj; pD to lay up with. 4.
to lay up store.
^3D lo close, shut, shut up. 2 Child,
to hire. Der. a ecar, Gr. ^x'ppof.
ciiirrous, Lat. sacer.
r^SD t.i keep silence, b« sileut.
Sp to raise, elevate, exalt, l to rai?c up.
^VD» a highway. 2. to cast, throw op.
3. a basket. 4. n^bD?3 elevations, ex-
aliations. 6. HlbD.'a risings, ascents. 6.
to raise, elevate, hence. n'JD Selah*
*?^D to raise, cast np, very high. ^"^^0^
a way so raised. n^^D a high bank,
mount, to raise opposition. bD/D to
_ exalt excpedingly. mSo'^D large baskeU.
k'"^D D^nScd comparable.
n^D to sh'ike or strike the ground with
exultation.
HtD to strew, lay prostrate. 2. nipb. to
be estimated. 3. IwV fine flour; meal.
nbO to loose, relax, remit. nn^So mn^So
remission, forgiveness. Der. slack.
3 .D a ladder, stairs, or steps.
\bO, Q'>3lbD a kind of thorn, perhaps
the dew briai.
y 7D a rock.
rj'^D to pervert, turn aside, 2, to subvert,
.overthrow. Dtr. to slip.
p^O Chald, to ascend, go, come up. Der.
Lat scala, Cng. scale, French and Eng.
escalade.
nSo fine flour free from bran.
ao- 0**20 drugs, aromatic «pice». 2»
'CDX barns, magazines.
■jCD to support, uphold. 2. 7y "ICD to
support, lean, lay upon. 3. with •/
or *^^* following, to lie hard upoa»
press, oppress, press hard.
SoD a figure, image, idol.
rnO to mark, appoint. ^CD3 marked,
appointed.
"1":D to be rough, sharp pointed. C*"l20'3
nin':DO. s. nails, spikes. "SCD P> the
rough chafer. 3. to be rougti, stand on
eud. 4. to be rough, and shiver.
TO to ponr out, to become clean. y.vH
42
HEBREW LEXICON.
-,£)0
1217
effusion, dissolution. ]V'iO the cluster
of fruit oa the palm or date tree.
."I^D a bush.
■^:D Q^'llJD (\zz7Mns,9, deceptions of sight.
DD to he brisk, uctive, sprightly, to
etult. O'ln a horsi'. 2. DID a swallow.
3. a moth. Der. 2>ij a moth .
IVD to support, sustain, uphold. S-
appUed 10 bread as sustaining tht: heart.
3. IJ/D'S propt up work, stairs.
nyD see V^i a moving.
PjyD to split, rive. 2. "Syc the branches.
3, fj^yD a rent or clett of a rock. 4.
D'SyD tearing, rending,
lyo to be turbulent, tumultuous. 2. to
he violently disturbed, agitated. 3. a
violent wind, tempest, or whirliviud. 4.
to disturb, agitate, disperse. Der. sore.
f\D a bowl, bason, concave. 2. a thresh-
old, a lintel.
KBD_ KISD^ uiixt provender.
*)3D to moan, lament. *7BD0 a moan,
wailing, lanieutRti</n
n£)D to scrape. 2 to scrape, sweep to-
gether. 3. to scrape, sweep off, away.
4. riBlD. r&ID a sweeping wind or
storm. 5. PjO a threshold. D'flD a
threshhold and lintels. 9. P]''D plants,
weeds. 7. P)^D an extremity, or end.
8. Chald. to sweep away, consume,
liuish. accomplish. P]5lnDn to be at
the threshold, a door keeper.
HBO to join, unite. 2. nnSD.'a scurf, or
tetter. 3. n*&D corn. *. mn&DD close
vails, rich embroidered handkerchiefs.
Der. speck.
7SD a bowl. dish. Der. Lai. simpulum,
Qr ficcXtj Eng. phial
pD to cover, protect, secure. 2 to cover,
line. 3. ni-^D a cabin (of a ship).
|5SD to smite, strike, clap, smack
"nSO to number, enumerate. 2. TS^O a
saupliire. 3. to tell, narrate, rel<t(e.
•tSDD a narration. r^l\lii>n. *. a par-
ticular account or relation, an hiero-
elyphical, emblematical, memorial, an
account in literal writing, a book, roll,
volume, a bill or note, an epittle, letter,
a de«td or conveyiiiire, 5, a notary, re-
corder, secretary, hist'irio^rapher, scribe*
6. learning, literature.
SpD to .
^ 7|3D to clear or pelt from.
pelt. 2. to pelt, stone (to death)-
"13 to decline, turn aside, depart. 2.
displeased, fastidious, turning away. 3.
gone off, sour, '.urned. 4. to turn aside,
apostatise. 5. "1*D a p t. 6. *T>D the
straggling shoots. T.'^'O a thorn. 8. ]VlD
a coMt of mail, T^q 'o turn away, re.
perttedly. Der.Greck c^vpw to sheer off.
!nD a nettle.
mC to spread, stretch out, superfluity.
2. to become luxuriant. Der. lo stretch.
1"^D Chald. a president
l^D, »i-iD axletrees. 2. D^J^D prince?,
chiefs, ruli^rs.
D"ID, D*1D an attendant, officer. 2. a
lord chamberlain. 3. a eunuch.
P]"lD to anoint.
HD to stir, raise, ronse. 2. to stir up.
incite, excite. 3. to excite, irritate. 4.
HD to urge from, avert, turn from.
5. tHD the disturbed, turbulent part
of the year, Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb.
7nD see 77D under *?D. 3. to excite
opposition.
DHD to stop, obstruct. 2. to stop, shut
out (as prayer). :i. to stop, shut up
(as a vision). 4. the inner man. D^ro
something hidden, or abstruse Der. to
stem, stammer.
^^D to hide, conceal, aecreet. r\')r\D a
biding pjace, protection. firiDO a hi-
ding.' place, a den. 2. to destroy,
demolish, Ciiald. Der. store.
YVD see mo 8. about May, the rejoicing
month ■
DJ?bD to swallow down, consume.
nnoD the bud, or budding of a flower.
N»:3D1D or n'ilSQlD a musical instra-^
menf, perhaps a pipe perforated with
many holes. <
llMiO. see "^^D dazslings of light. ^
n^SJD the fin I of a fish.
Sn"\D Chald. to cover, a clbak.
f^ViD long branches.
*1b^D a briar or wide'spreading thorn.
'T'iy lo serve, labor, work, 2. to scrvt
HEBREW LEXICON.
p:^
my
till, collivafe. m^J/ a tilling or tillage.
"3. to drfss (a vineyard). 4, to serve, a
servant, .«lavp. iTlS]^ serTitiide, service.
5. .wiih *? f"lli)wiiji;, to serve, worship.
^!^^J? rcUjioiis service. 6. Chuld. to
m^ke, form, do. 7. Chald. t> kcfp,
observe. Der. Lat obedio, French obeir,
Eng. obey.
n3y to be thick, gross. ♦SJf thickness.
2, Sy a tiiitk beam, or plank. 3. to
becoine gross, unweildy, bulky. 4. the
density of vapours, a cloud, i. the
gross condensed part of tiie celestial
fluid. 6. n^yo density (as clay). 7.
D*3y t»;ckets. Der. web, Lat. nubo.
^yj to turu aside, divert. 2. a pledge,
or pawn.
^yj to pass off, distil, be; ond, over. 2.
to pass over. Hl^y a ferry boat.
l2yD a f<>rd. 3. to pass, go. be current
(as silver). 4. to pass away, overpnss.
5. 113y product (of land T^hich passes
from It). 6. to cause to pa?8, (an in-
heritance). J. to make over, give up.
(as the first born to Jehovah). 8. with
Sy f.tllowing, to pass over, forgive.
9. to pass beyond, transgress. 10. with
■ if following, to be laid or charged upon.
K. in hiph. to pass away, remove. l2.
to overdo, overcome. 13. .T'Dy excess
('of anger or oride). 14. "^13^3 because
on account of. 2. to the end that. Der.
over, ever.
t"3y to be shrank ap (by rtrousht.)
ri2]l to twine, intwine, crtniplicate. 2.
nay. n>3y □•nay. mnay. 3. to
complicate, artfully contrive a rope.
ijf to bake (upon or under coals.)
2ijf to be set or joined upon another. 1.
to dote (upon). 2. a musical instrumenti
composed of pipes united together.
7!y round, orbicular., ittondnes*. 2. vOy
a ring, ear-riu?. 3. /Ji"3 a round camp.
4, nSiy. mbay a car, a cornwain. 6.
^3yD a wa?eon way, a highway. 6.
**5jyD circulators, revolvers. 7. a calf,
heeve, steer, heifer. Der. Enc. wheel.
2jy to be srievrd, afflicted, groan.
JW 'o 00 dotaiued, stay.
'V^yy a crane.
*7y beyond, farther, besides. 1. as
a particle, "Cy yet. still, besides,
moreover, asrain, yet a?aln, any more,
a long while, any other, any else. TiyS
whilst yet, in yet. Tyo from the
long time. 9. as a panicle, TJT yet,
still, until, tint'i, to, even moreover,
further, whilst, dniin? the time that,
by, not later than, till, along, perpetu-
ally, ny.-jy both, and *J 'ly nnfil.
K7 1]r n-^t yet. "Il'^ whilst yet. in
yet. .1. ♦•7y to, unto, until. 4. time
onward, fuinrjty, 5. to bear wlfn^ss,
to fe^tiry. my a testimony. n*Tiyn
testimony. 6. my an assembly, liy
to preserve, continue slill (i;i life.)
Kiy see my pass aivay.
my with ny followin?, to pass over. 2.
t" pnt on, ca'ise to put npon. 3.
Chald. to pass, pass away, ditto STj*.
jTy pleasure, delight. 2. \nyri7] m de
Ight oneself. OmpD delicacies, deli?ht.
3. hitherto, yet, as apajticte. 4. Chald.
KTiy time, occasion. Der. H^o>^ pleasure.
f)iy to exceed.
■>^y to separate, sever, set apart. 1. to
be severed, separated. 2. to be dressed,
(seraratiDg the earth;, myo a spade
or mittock. 3. to separate, dispose
(as an army). 4. a flock, a herd. Dtr.
En». other.
tt^'iy a lentil, (an herb).
iTiy see "ry a testimony.
Ty^y to distort, pervert, i. to pervert,
ovetthrow. 2. D*'y a heap of ruins. S.
a heap of earth turned up *y 4, the
heap, or turuuloiis (of a ?ravf). 6. to
be distorted, wreathed. 6, lo pervert,
turn aside [a path], t. to pervert, turn
aside [justice], py. ♦Jiy, nijly perver.
Sinn, depravity, perverseuess. iniquity.
3. a^y* shovels. 9- *yo the bowels."
niyo gravel, r\^y^y repeated errors"
perversion, deviations. '
*>ly blind, destitute of light. 2. the sijn,
J. Chald. chaff.
•^"•y to incline, e. to Incline, be pqr'ial.
injustice. 3, to pervert, range to dec jne,
deviate. 4. to time, .see riry i.
44
HEBREW LEXICON.
n^ir
n^r
IV strength, vigor, to be strong, vigorous,
to prevail, ily^ strong holds. Q. to
iiasteii, move, move with vijjoui. 3. the
strength ai-.d activity uf the air. *.a goHt.
5. Duty's protfctors, guardians. 6.
□"STy the black eagles, or perhaps the
whining kite. V)f to strenf^theii, make
exceeding siroiig.
y\V to leave, forsake, dismiss. 2. toleave,
commit. 3. with O followins:, to for-
sake, fiiil from. 4. to let go, let loose.
5. *jl2iy market places, warehouses.
|5ty to surround with a fence. 2. i^pTJ?
Chald. a riiii;. Der. husk.
">Ty to help, aid, assist. 2. 'T^TV a lift,
a platform to stand on. 3. Ti^fjf -i settle,
inbeuchius;, casement
^if to move, remove, cast away with
qnicknoss, to hurry away. 2. with ^i^
followiutr, to rush violently upon, i,
with 3 following, to fly upon with
insults. *. a pea for writinsj. 6. SS*!'
rapacious birds.
^?^2I7 see ^V counsel.
Ti^Sy to throw over, wrap. H-w^ wrapt
up. muffled. nDp!2 a robe, an upper
garment. 2 with rj to cover, 3. to
overspread, cover. ■*■. to wrap over.
]l3y in. pi. in re^. *i*^y the bowels.
I^'JJ? to obscure, cover, cloa-:, bide.
msay^ mufflers, 'i. to be obscured,
covered, overwiiehne'l. •^- to be weik.
fiiint, dull, lifeless. □''S'.Sy iveak. faint.
^'Cy to encompass, surround. 2. may
nttay a circle, till*-! of gold.
^*0i; to sneeze. TW^'^V sneezings.
""y fee rrj? a rniu.
^*J^ see f)y» (ircd.
Vyj to confine, fetter. 2. C*D3y orna-
mental fetters.
"^^y to trouMe, dislurh, agitate.
"^y see nVjr
kSj? Chald. oer. 2. Chald. :,n occasion.
'■hv to itammer, stutter.
nby to asceiLd, mount npward-!, be cv-
aUed, eIev.Hred, praised up. -^ high.
eiHlied, the biah one. I^^V' nVyra an
Bstent. nV'7jrtD steps, stair*, degrees,
tji-*iks iine.s, «. nb^y. rhy mb^ »
burnt-otfering. Chald. p^y bnrnt offer-
ings. 3. ♦by a pestle. 4. n»^y an
upper apartment. 5. Y'^^ upi'f',
highest, supreme. 6. n*by upper, siipt-.
rior. 7. a leaf, a twig. 8. r.7J-T\ a
trench, canal, watercourse, i'. biy ;i
joke. 10, biy oppression, injustice,
iniquity, insolence, sirroganct. 11. ^y"
the rock or wild goat. 12. b»yD an
upper garment, a surtout. 13. to nurse,
suckle, a little one, a suckling. 14. by
as a particle^ upon, above, of, coiiceiii-
ing, on account of, for ihe sake of, beiore
a V. therefore, because, against, over,
beyond, more than, besides, at, near to,
unto, towards, according to, b), with,
together with, ror, instead of. 15. with
» prefixed '^yo from, from upon,
near, by, against, from above, nioie
than, because, on account of, above.
16. TnV'O upwards, above, forwardsi
17. 7y"tt from above, above, with
*7 following, upon. 18. hSj/oSd from.
above, upwards. 19. Chald, to enter,
go, come in. b^j; t.> a.scend repeatedly.
to come up. CbSyo performances.
7':;?nn to e.valt, eminprrlly rnise one.
self. S»by a crucible ""h^V a child, a
little one. 'bVyn imaginations. Chald,
to enter, go, come in. Der. hill, Lat.
aitus, Eng. aliilnde, French haut.
ny to exult, move, leap for joy. \hy
exnltinii. -2. '-o flourisJi, thrive, vegetate.
Der. to glister.
tfl7y dusk, thickened, obscurity.
□ by to hide, conceal. D*»37yi dark
designers, dissemblers. TCbyn some-
what hidden, secret. 2. concealed (time)
an age or dispensation. 3. a youth.
T^.ty^y a damsel, a maid, a virgin state.
4. to sport, wanton as in youth.
Dby to move quickly. exiUt, leap. 1. to
lie fluttered. 3. to exult, moTe, exult-
ingly.
yby to swallow, swallow down. 2. Chald.
a rib.
^y to cover over, wrap. Hfibyra covered
over, overlaid. 2. to swoon, faint.
HEBREW LKXTCOX.
45
n::;
=!^y.
Y'^V *o exalt, leap for joy. M* by
t-xultvMioH, triumph. 2. to thrive, vege-
late, flourish.
p7j to adhere, stick close.
nby see nSj?
D]/ to collect, gather together. 3. a
people, a$ a partiUe with. logether with,
in, against, as, like us, before, in the
presence of, near to, as long as, to^'ether
wiih, with an Infin- v. when. 2. CJ^O
from, from with, with, un'o. before, in
ihe presence of. *. DV joined with
niT denotes tlie colktted force of tlie
wind. 5. r\^V hear to, over against 6.
n'Cy a atighboiir. 7. Chuld. to obscnre,
make dim. 0^)J C.^i^kl. to hide, con-
ceal. K*DOJ? peoples;
*1.oy, to coniinue, subsist. 1. to siand.
Bland siill, stay, remove. *70j;0 a stand-
ing, attendance, station. 2. to remain
, alive, coniinue. 3. with D and a v. infin.
, following, to stand siill from, slop, st.iy. 4.
^ to sustain, support. 5. a pillar, or column.
C. as a pari icZe, HOj; ia my standing
'or subsisting.
bOi^ to toil, l.ibor, travail, affective
labor, wtarisomeness.
DOy to lift, bt'ar, hold np. 2. with b
following, to bear for. 3. with 7^ foi-
lowinj to lift upon. ^^D1Dy laden,
loaded.
p^'J to be deep, retire deep (into the
deserts). 2. a deep vale or valley. 3. to
be deep, profoand.
TDy to press (into a narroiv ccnjpass).
1. to gather (into sheaves.), a sheaf. 2, an
^ Omer, about eix pints. 3. with 3
following, to oppress. 4. Chald.wool.
f2y to lade or Ipad.j, . ^^ ,
ai>' a srape, •, .... , , .,„.^,^ _, .
iyj delight, pleasntf, joy, 1., tq joy, re-
-, joice. 2. to be voluptuous, d'tlicate, Der.
j^.Eng. honey. , ■.
*f3J)' to bind, bind round. Der. to wind.
Old Eng- to wend, Lai. ventns.
tV.y to act upon, effect. 2. to lie with (a
w(»mau\ .3 to reply, answer (in singinp).
4. M^yO a rcliirii, in ploughing, a furrow.
5. yy the eye. 6. |'y reflected light,
color, appearance. 7. yy a fouritain or
spring. 8. p» the vociferator or o?-
tritch. Job. xxxix. 15. n;y» 713 the
daughter of vociferation, the osuich.
9. IV becaus", even i>ecause, because
that. 10. IVdS before a n. because of,
for the s^.ke of, before a w. thai, there-
fore, to that end, so that, 50 as. Ji.
to afflict, oppress, depress, humble.
I-V humble, lowjy, poor in spirit-
uamb. xii. S. Ps. xxii. 27. HlDy
humiiify, Pn.v. xv. .S3. Ps. xlv. b. \iif
a cloud, y.^y a cloud monger, an augur.
V^y care, travail, application.
f)'y to shoot, a shoot, bough, branch.
P-V to encompass, surround. CpiJ?
mp.y a chain. C. to surround (with
pride). 3. to surround wiih gifts.
Z*yj to mulct, fln«.
H'y Chald. time, opportunity.
nry to tread down, trample on. CDJ?
D*Dy wine.
1i;y to roar, roar out.
f]y to vibrate, flutter. 1. to flitter, fty,
lly away 1. to fliitter, fly away. 2. to flut-
ter, applied to a Cherub, Ps. xviii. 11. &c.
3. spoken of light. ^Syn vibration. 4
P]*y panting, paloitatioa. 5. Child.
foliage or small branches. .f)5y to fly
swiftly, to brandish, vjbrile. ^Z}IL}} the
eye lids. 2. *3y5y vibrato.'-y rays. Der.
hop, huff.
KSj; a leaf or twig.
/Sy to be elevated, raised np. 2. a painful
swelling, emcrod, pile. 3. to be proud,
arrogant, presumptuous.
"ISy tf. reduce to p.nvder or dust. 1.
Tinsi; dnst. 2, nn&iy, n-)3j; lead, s,
a young stag or antelope.
^yy Libour, travail. 1. to work, elaborate
2. to grieve, afllict, concern. 3, Q'3yy
an idol, image.
nyy tocutc'lf. nyyo an axe, hatchet.
njfi; to fix, make firm, steady. 2. ^y a
tree. P»3fy billet?, timber. 3. T^ltV the
backbone. 4. HVy counsel, see p?'
Syy to be slothful, idle, loiter
CSy strength, substance, firmness. 1. to
be strong, mighty, powerful. 2. snb-
46
HEBREW LEXICON.
21V
\LIV
«taiice, body, malter. 3. a bone. 4. to
shut close.
"Ity to restrain, detain, atop, 2. to retain,
hold, possess. 3. witb 3 foilowine to
checlf»authority or magistracy. 4. T\'^i^
a solemn assembly. 5' nVSJ a solenm
feast day.
yi)) to confine, straiten, compress, press,
squeeze. HpJ? compression, oppression.'
2. a battlement. Der. oak.
3j5J/ the end, exiremity. 2. the end, event,
consequence. 3. -Ai ipartlcle becHuse,
in as mucb as, because of, the conse-
quence of. 4. the extremity, sole or berl.
6. to heelj lay hold on the heel. 6. to
retard. 7. to supplant, trip up. 8. lo
supplant, defraud, decei-e.
*i;5J^ to l>ind. bind about. 2. ring streaked,
marked with rings. 3. the shearing house.
SpJ^ to;be crooked, perverted. vpSpJ^
very crooked. Der.Gr.AX>cayjj Eng. ankle.
'Ij?))' Arab, to cutoff, lop. I. to lop. 3.
to raise, level. 3. to bough, hamstring.
4. to render (chariots) useless. 5. Chald-
to be cut or lopped off. 6. a culling, a
branch cut-off, i. barren, unfruitful, a
dry tree. 8. the stump of a tree.
Vpi? to pervert, distort. JlWpy perverse-
ness.
*)y to raise, lift up oneself, or be raised. C.
to raise, rouse, stir up. 5. to stir np.t.v-
cite. 4. to arise. 5. to rouse.6. an enemy,
one roused. 7. an exciter, a master. 8.
■>*y astir, bustle, commotion. 9. "J-y, a
ci-ty. 10. I*;?, D^Ty a young ass. U.
■»V0 exerlion, displny. 12. "ll^ blind.
13. n^Jlf Chald. a watcher. 14. "IV
chaff or small dust. ")iy to raise re-
peatedly, to raise up, rouse, excite.
y^';f 10 ipix, mingle, a mi\ed multitude.
* rabble, nnny ihe mixers.the light, and
the spirits which mingled, cousiitnte the
heavens. 2. from mid-day to night, Ih.'
minglinc! time. 3. 3iyD the evening
or wtstera part of the heavens. 4. a
crow or raven. 6. a bprcies of will w.
6. t!ie wi)«>f, the intermingling threads.
1. ^'^'^'J 'he wildernes-. r)e.sert. 8 to
mix, engage in tr«de. ^nsy merchants.
myO a muket. 0. to mix. join,
pledge, engage, mortgigc, a surety,
bondsman. ntjf,n3-\y. pniy a pledge,
security. 10. Vj)f my to mix v\x\\.
11. lo suit, be agreiOJe. mix readily
wilb. 7 3"»J^ to be agreeable to.
T\Tf to stretch out, extend. 2, to desire
eagerly, long after.
-ny. nnj/ Chald. Kmj the wild as«.
Tny to bear, uncover, strip. m~>y naked-
ness. rT*'iy naked. 2. to empty, pour
I out or forih. '3. lo empty, pour out (as
sap), green herbs. m^lS a meadow,
"ly* a matsta. 4. "ij?* an honeycomb.
5. "ly, -i^y. rm^y, rnV' nny nie
skin. 6. to pour furtb, empty out, make
bear. 7. myo a cave. "I'ly to strip,
make quite bear. ♦"^^HJ destitute, to
empty out. "lyny to be entirely poiirtd
forth, slript, de.stitute, a blasted tree.
niy to set in order, array, dispose. nStyo
an ordering, row. ♦DI^D dispositions,
arrangements. <i. to compare, value. .".
biph. to estimate value. 4. hiph. 10 tax,
assess, "j'^iy an estimate, estimation.
Der. work.
*?iy superfluous, exuberant. 2. uutiicum-
cised nSiy the foreskin.
any to be naked, uncovered. DTy i
nakedness. 'L DOny. niOiy- O^my I
a heapornaked(slripped, thr«>iljedj toriK,
pDiy 3. the plane tree. 4. QT»y active,
subtle, wise, prudent. --
Diy to kncnd. ♦HDiy, ♦nO^y masses of"
kneaded dough, paste.
f^iy to distil, fall down in drops. S. ♦fi^^y
defliixions. light flowing from the sun
to the eaith. not in atoms 3. to batter
down. *. the neck, fihe hinder part).
5. to decollate, break tbencck.
Viy to a-^itate, shake violently. 2. to
terrify, shake, agitate. Y"iy3 to be
feared, revered, awful. Y^iy terror,
terril.lo place. \'*'^'^^ dread.
ft^y giKiwinp, coroding (pains./
Vf^V a couch, a mat, mattress.
lyy to consume, de»tro». 1. s moth, a
moth worm. 2. the blight, blightinc,
blasting, corrosive air. Viyy to be
consumed, consume, waste away.
DW an herb.
TWV to make, form, fashion, nt*yJ2 a
HEBREW LEXICON.
47
-.3D;;
ns
work. 2. to do, perform, act. T\V}f^
an actioa, deed, fact. 3. to form, lutu.
rnt*yo produce. 4. to prepare. 3. to
prepare, dress. 6. to prepare, diess,
offer. 7- to prepare, ortlaiii, constituie.
8. to keep, observe, celebrate. 9. to
dress, trim. 10. to acquire. Htt'i/O
substance. .11. to form (as an army).
12. to ordain, appoint, constitute. 13 •
to cousecrate, dedicate. J*, to deal
witb. 15. to deal with, do for. 16. to
inflict.
tfy to smoke. 0. to fume (ra^e.) Der.
Eag. weasatid.
Wy to press, oppress, rush upon. Q. to
oppress, violence, extorlion, 3. to con-
tend, strive, struggle, strife-
Vy to be orbecoiue rich- e. to tenth or
tithe. "^^V^ tithe. p">tt^y a tenth. S,
•^♦tt*y a musical iiislrumeut of tea strings.
WV to shine, glossiness, 2. Pnncy
splendor, gaiety. 3, S r\V}f to shine
upon. 4. Chald. to think, design. TC'i;
see among the plunliierais, one, unity.
y, DTiy. mnj? time, opportunity. 9.
as a particle, at this time, now, now
then, now therefore. r.nj?0 from this
time, henceforth. 3. Tiy to incline,
see niy Der. Lat. eetas, Eng. eternal.
ny to prepare, make ready. TPy pre-
pared. 2. a ram, or he goat (fn!l grown).
3ny ill niph. to be bnrnt np.
sny to remove, withdraw. 2. to trans-
cribe, copy out. 2. to remove «ut, .sink,
be sunk. 4. to distort, retort, ttiin hack,
5. perverse, distorted, (words,^ 6. to con-
tinue, lasting , durable. 7- p*"y ancient,
Chald.
iny to expand, dilate, diffuse. 9, hiph,
to diffose (vapour, biagj. 3. mni/
diffufion, expansion. 4. to expand, open.
5. S iny totxpand, open to. Der. Gr.
'Tcc^p, Eug. water. Lat. uter,
5*apy thick dirt, used for a load of
useless, defiling s^old and silver.
'wH^y see py. 2. voluptuonsuess.
?!K^V a scape goat.
i?3*y sef TV. e. eagle or Lite.
"I^tfly a bat.
[kaay a mouse.
tt>»n2y a spider.
31V3y the asp.
inpy the scorpion. 2. a whipjor rod*
armed with points or thorns.
lyy see nn^ ruins, a blasted Iree.
p-?-iy ge« any. 3. the plane tree.
^i)"»j/ from 'Tii; to flow down. Ssit thick
darisuess or a thick vapor.
\Td'y one, unity, the foundation number.
nnniyy taking a round as flocks in feeding.
2. Ashturcjth, a Pmlisiiue and Sidoniau
idol loathe moon pr lunar orb.
nifS, ns*5. ♦HKa a side, or extremity.
2. KS here, this place. 3. K13 K wh-re
here, in tins place. N1S» now, at this
tune.
^S*3 to adorn, decorate, beautify. 2. a
bunnet, ti'.ira, liead dress. 3, mKS.
n-.i^S, 'nnxa a bough or branch, to
bough, (to go over and beat the boughs).
4. to glorify, n^ike glorious. niKiin
glory, honour. ll-iKS beauty, shining.
Dtr. fair, French parer, ling, parade.
jl3 to Ki;!, faint. 2. to fail, cease, intermit.
r\'^^Q cessation, int^iissiun. 3, 'Jfl the
liist young tigs. DeA fag,
S^a ID pollute, defile. 'TUS polluted, defiled.
yja to meet, meet with, light upon. 2.
ymo a mark. 3. to intercede, with 4.
y'JSlJ an interposer, defender. 6. to
meet, reach unto, d- to jueet with,
light upon.
nJ3 to faint, be relaxed, tired. 2. a dead
inactive carcase. Der. a badger.
U^JD to meet.
19 TS destractiun, calamity.
T^l^ to separate, sever. mS a separation,
oivisioii. 2. to separate, deliver, save.
3. to redeem, deliver from. THfl re-
demption, ransom. 4. pfl Padan. 5,
TS see *73. calamity.
p3 see mfl 4. separated.
yiD 'o deliver.
mS the fat.
nS a mouth, in reg. *3' 2. *3 the month
I command, older. 3. '3 the mouth,
opening, capacity, measure, ♦£) Sy
48
HRBRKW LEXICON.
n^D
no3
according to the (measure of). "'3^
arcordin? to ditto. ♦33 so that, ♦a^
1WX accordiiii* as. *. naChere. hither.
nSOl nS oil tilis side and on that. 5.
130 oil this side. 6. "JSN where. nV3»!)
severe or mimy edges. Der. Cr. V"'''^,
p^^i l-nt. fatna. Eiig< fame.
"tS see n3 Ihis side.
79 to lie consolidJVted. sfreiigthened. 2.
p«re gold, [from its ?rtat solidity].
TlB great exertion. Der. fast.
*)t3 to disperse, dissipiite, scatter. 2. to
brealc in pieces. Der. Lat. si)jri;o.
nS to spread out, dilate. 1. a tl;in p!it»e-
2. a nt-t or siiare [spread out]. n3>
nn3i rnS a governor, viceroy, deputy,
president.
"jnS the penis, or yard. 2. to be agitated,
pant, palpitate. .^. to tremble, sliake
for fear, fear, trembling, tremor. mn3
fear, reverence.
triD to overflow. □"TnlQ extravagant, dis.
Boliite, licentious, mina extrav.igaricies.
debaucheries. Der. Lat. fusuui.
Gn3 see HSD 6. live coals,
"ins CLald. a potter.
TiDD a pit. a foss. 2. rr\nb the corrosion
of the leprosy. Der. pit, Lat. puteus,
French puits.a well.
IDa the topaz, or chrysolite.
■tii'3 to open. 2. to open. 3. to let go.
set free, dismiis, *. a*T^£l Bet free,
freed, discharged.
raS. iy*tS3 a hammer, 2. 'tt^'lflS Chald
tnrbands, tiaras.
♦B see nS here, hither.
D*£) to be or grow fat.
"^5 to run out, be ditfused. 2. "|"1& a
mineral substance supposed to be sty-
Mum, ner. Gr. ?'>'<''? Lat and Eug.
fusus, whence fucated.
Kb3 niph. to be extraordinary wonderful.
aVa to divide, dis»ever. 2. to divide.
apportion. n\jbB divisions, iiorlions. 3.
a fctrcam. *• Chald. to divide, distribute,
Lai*'.
"TTB a scytbe.
nbB "t to separate, divide, distins;Mi«h.
'-; ♦^Sb a particular, diMinct, ccrtnin
pcniou or place. 3. "^IB a btan. 4.
rhstn intercession, interposition, medi
talion. 7^& to adjudicate, pronounce
or execute jud;^uunl, to dtsliu^uijh
circiiui^iaiices, judge. Hith. inlticed*
mediate.
n*?!) to cleave, cut, split, a slice, a mil
stone. 2. hiph. to cleave, stiljt off.
Chuld. to serve or worship. TPtB si-rvict
Der. Flake. French plaque, Gr. n'^'«>
Lat. fjx, a sickle.
D B to escape. 2. to escape bede'i^cr«d
Hd^B escape, delivfrance. 3. to bring
.forth. Der. to fiif.
"pb a statf, slick. 2. a staff, distaff. 3.
a district, tract, region. Der. Lat. lulcio
13 ,B to make level, even, smooth. 2. t(
weigh exactly, a balance beam. 3. t<
weiiiii niinully, l)alauce, contrive. *
to ponder, consider.
I^SB to tremble. T^VbB tremor, terror.
n^SsC) a shaker, trembler.
tybB to roll oneself. 2. 'C'Sbd involutions,
convolutions,
Q3 Chald. a nmutb, aperture.
ii^ some delicate spice, gum or ointment,
bahamum.
njB to turn away, avert 2. .K DiB to
turn too, look at, respect. 3. ihe cor-
ner or angle of an altar, Scc. TWbl
lowers [at the corners]. 4. n*-Btht sur-
face, faces, aspects. 5. "^BS before, in
the presence. 6. O'JB within, inner,
see DJB. 7. to advert, to propose, pio-
vitle. 8. to turn this way and that,
lest, lest perhaps, fur fear that. 9. |Bt*
a wheel. 10. *:»Bn rolled cakes. D»>J3
niajjueis. loadstones or pearls.
C3jB. D*D3B inner, the interior jiart.
p3B hiph. to make or educate delicately
Der. banquet.
DB to diminish. D*Dt) imall shreds,
stripes. 2. HrB a small parcel « r
quaniily. 3. a piece, n part, Chald. 4.
DBM see VM sole of the foot. Der.
piece, Greek 'na.aaut and Kng. patch.
3r& to divide, dissect. HJrB a broken
rid;j;e. 2. to divide, diatiDguish, view,
consider distinctly.
nrB with Sy foUowlnfj, to pass or leap
ovir. 2. the passover. 3. to leap over.
HEBREW LEXICON
49
-13
pnD
or upon. *. to bop, Uop about (as birds).
5. hoppiii;. halt, limpin?, lame.
D& to hew, chip, cut, a carved imajre.
i5?3 t,6w.:ii, puff up, blow. 2. n^'SK a
viper. 3. VDX ;i puff of breath, or wiud.
J?3 to work, operate, prepare, contrive,
a work, atchieveinent, device, aUo hire,
(for work;. Der. Lat. pelio, French
polir, Lng. polish.
3J?3 to smite altcrintely. 1. an anvil.
'J. the foot. 3. 'CyS wheels, or the
felloes of wheels. 4. a time, turn, or
stroke, repea'ed, now, now. DySS-
CV33 as 'ime, by time, or at other
times, a Ti^JTS jutting corners, (stri-
kers). 6. ^"yS a bell. 7. to move,
agitate. 8. in hiph. and iiiph. to be
agitated or disturbed
1J(*3 to ?app, opeu wide 2. Peor an idol.
Der. Lat. porus. En?, pore.
1*3 to let loose, open. 2. to set free,
deliver. I^SS, hij-h to he open, burst
open, fiveii.
n5f3 to break forth wtih a loud noise'
crash. 2. vociferate.
?y3 to peeJ, take off the bark.
3*3 to break, or burst open.
1^*3 to wound, hurt.
1*3 to press hard, urge. 2. to be impor-
tunate, 3. to be stubborn. 4. nn'3f3
a file. Der. Lat. pressi, Ena;, press.
33 to toUer, stagger, stumble. 2. to come
or brin? forth, see j333. Der. to pitch,
Lat. peccare.
Jp3 to take notice of, attend to, respect.
*. to visit', mpS a visiiati(in. 3, to
review, muster, reckon, 4. lo look for,
miss. 5. to appoint, charge, give In
trust. 1*)53 an overseer, officer. mpS
oversight, superintendence. P'^pS) a
depos't- 6. with 3 following, to com-
mit, to deposite.
^p3 to open.
;i53, nyp3 the coloqulntidas or bitter
gourd. 2. Q-ypB artificial knobs in
the shape of wnd gourds.
^3 to break, burst, iive. 2. mi3 a wine
press or vat. > n3X ashes or dust
from fire. -t. hiph. to break, dissolve,
dissipate. 5. Ti3 Chald. a lot. T^a to
H
break, divide, eulirtly. "^TiS a pot or
keitle. n313 to break, dissolve utterly.
K"\3 lo run wild, the wild ass. Der. ferus-
*T19 to divide, separate- 2. ri'iViS grains
of corn. 3. a mule. Der. part. Lat. paruo,
Gr. -ro-apJoj Eng. a pard.
n"i3 to bear fruit, be fruitful. 2. '"^S
fruit, produce, effect. 3. a heifer. "»3
a young bull. 4. p-nSK a nuptial <;r
bridal bed, or palanquin. Der. Gr.
f'f^ Lat. fero, Eng. fertile.
113 to disperse, scatter. 2. ^T'^S joined
with "l33 or "1*^ an open village or
town. rrtn3 vil;ages. pn3 villages,
open country. Der. Lat. spargo, Eug.
asperse, disperse.
n"l3 to bud, sprout, flourish. 2. r\in"l3
a flower garden. 3. to break out, ger
minate. i. m35< a young bird. FimS
to break out, youth, puberty.
tOi3 Syr- to cut or break off. 1. a bunch
of grapes broken off. 2. to sing, chaant,
quaver.
"^"13 violence, force, cruelly. 2. n3">a
the inner vail. Der. tierce, French percer,
Lat. ferox.
C313 to rend, rip at the seams. Der*
from.
D13 to part, break in pieces. 2. in hiph.
to part, divide into two. 3. a species of
eagle, the ossifraga. 4. Cbald. to divide,
separate. 6. 013- ^'DIS- K'DlS, HNDns
a Persian.
yi3 to set free, loose, disengage. 2. to
free, e.'cerapt. 3. to free. 4. strip, make
naked. 6. to break loose, start aside.
6. to discard, reject. ■". to keepilearof,
8. the hair gro.ving 1 ose. JT'ylD locks
of hair growing thus free. Der. fro. Lat.
frango, Eug. frank.
^■^3 to break down, a breach. *5M3D
breaches, ciaiigy rocks. 2. to break
through as enein es. 3 to break, burst
forth with violence npon. 4. to break,
burst forih a-, waters. 5. to break forth
from the womb. f>. hitb. to bieak away,
break loose, i. to break forth, spread,
abn.-dd. o. with 2 fulKnviut;. press,
nrijc, force, importune. Der. press.
|5^3 to break, break oft; rcnil asunder.
I 2. a parting of a road, or wav. 3. to
I rescue by force, snatcb. 4. rpiSD the
bO
HE BREW LEXICON.
^ns
r3i»*
vertebrae of the neck. 5. Cluld, to break
off, cease from. Der. break, Lat. frac
t;ire, Eng. a fork.
t*"»3 to spread, stretch out. '^ynSO apread-
1 i'4s forth, expansions. C. to stretch,
reach out (to). 3. to spread, difJuse. ♦,
to explicate, explain, expound. 5.
rjy'ia an exposition, declaration. 6. to
spread abroad, scatter, disperse. 7. the
teeth of a threshing wheel, 8. a rider.
9 excrement.
Htt'S) to spread, be diffused. 2. to spread.
3. to expatiate, range. 4. t^B excess,
exuberant sallieg. 5. spreading* out
(of wood). Dtr. push, Lat. fusum,
Etig. fish.
r;\y3 to tear in pieces,
t:V3 to divest, strip off. 2. to strip off
the skin, flay- .3. to strip off. spoil, pil.
lage. 4. to rush forth, strip of covert.
Der. Lat. vestor.
yVS to pass, go forward, march. 2.
nirt£^3r2 the butiock. 3. with Sy to pass
over, trespass, a transgressor. Der. pass.
paf9 to distend, open Prov. xiii. .3.
•na^lJ to e.<cpound, explain. Kn\t»S, ^n\t*fc
Cbuld. ari exposition.
rwb' nnra a*riC>2 flax, iinen.
'"IS to part, dispart, divide. 2 the but-
ti»cks« the share. 3. nV"1& fiat platee
of gold. 4. nD3 honey dropping from
the combs. 5. n33 a tract of land, see
n^l. 1. nnS to divide minutely. Der.
a bit, French petit, Eng. petty.
xnS sudden, hasty, precipitate. 2. dxriS
suddenly, straightway.
in!) to draw aside, withdraw. 2. to en-
tice, seduce. 3. to entice, persuade.
*. a*n5 persuasible, simplicity, n"l*nS
•impUcities, allurements. 5. nri3_ 'ns
Kn9 Cliald. to be broad, dilated.
nna to open, loose, a door way. nPDD
a key. 2. to open, open itself. 3. to
draw, uusheath. 4. to loose, nngiid,
unbind. 5. t«> open, furrow, harrow.
6. to open, engrave, 7 to open, utter,
declare. 8. to come, bring, tet forth.
Der. Gr. wtraw, Lat. pateo, Eng. a pntli.
Sn5 to twist, wieath, intwine. a 7*na
a wreath, a bracelet. 3. S»ni> rhiead
twist, twine. 4. 7ri3D twi.sied about, craf-
tjr. *7n7ri5 exceedingly twisting.
|n3 to stir, move, disturb. 1. a specie,
of serpent, the asp, 2. |r!3D tbe tbreihold
(of a door).
y^3 a moment, instant;
"^^3 to expound, interpret.
VJ73 a concubine, an inferior wife.
*il073 a certain one.
♦J 73 see nSa 2. a certain.
nn:DE) a psaltery, a musical instroroent
with strings.
njyS Paaneah, (secrets).
'^^■)3 Parbar, (the outer part).
O'i')^ Paradise, an orchard, garden, en.
closed plantation. Der. Paradise.
7na Chald. iron.
«^ynB a nea.
]W)-i^ ']W^^ a copy or declaration,
1^*13 evacuation. ni^VlB excrement.
7iy*l£) to spread ont, expand.
Cn 9 a prince, a noble.
OHr\Q jgg ^^p 2. persuasive.
^^^ a piece oMineat cut otf.
CJni) a piece, declaration, decree.
7»m3 a swathe for the breast.
piyPS a copy, exemplar.
N3f see KV" cxrremeiit
/i*5f t.< shade, over shadow.
I^y to be fruiifui. abundant. 1. sheep,
tlocks of 8h»ep. 2. mixed flocks of
sheep and goats. pNV Z;ianan, fertility.
I^TI Arab, to incline, bend, turn. 1.
"l^^^^ th^ neck. I^y the neck, see *1»
7 3. »3ll3f the neck, see lY P.
**^y to assenibic, meet together. 2. lo
assemble (as soldiers). 3. the host (of
heaven). 4. D'KIV' niNnV antelopea.
5. Chald. to will, dt-sire. ''Hif will, pur-
pose. *3VD> iT^VOD acoirdiug to hit .
"ill, ati he wouUl.
n35ft> swell, grow forged 2. aV (be
tortoise. 3. 2Tf fhe covering or lilt of
a waggon. 4 >3y elation, pride, glory,
majesty. 5. "ia5f, niSY, D»D», the
antelope.
t033f to reach, hold, or, perhaps, be
iicaped up
V^y to foim longith lines or eiioket. 1.
HEBREW LEXICON,
51
Hi?
n»y
J-ayX, n'iysy.y a finr^ror toe, C. to
uieak or stripe. 3. yyt <>r ^^27 the
h>a?;ia. *. Codld. lo »ei, inoisttn,
imbue.
*^2y 5o rolicct, gather togetber. beap up.
C*"»2y heaps. Der. to jabber.
riy to take hold, LqIcI light. a*n'2'i
handsfiils
K*7y n ejiher, is it true? or is it d<^signedl) ?
r.-'Y ">» the side. 2. nVi. H^^^": a defile,
a stron? hold. •?, to lie in wait, watch
on i.'ie side of "lie rt*iy lyiii? in wait.
C*"J2f in'!idi')iis, w.itc'if!il eneuiies. 4-
Xo come or .nte'dl sideways fnpon g'm»^)
"I'if a catcbiiis or i-ikm? of prer. Dn»3f
hMtiters. PTlfO h toil, nr-t. TY P-TY
TVTt victuals, provision, ''•ft: to huut,
frequently, continually.
pis j'jsT, justice, ri?hcon5ness. 2. to he
jnst, of faU wei»iit, to make just, just-
ify, pny ajiistirter, a justified peison.
Der. Lat. judex, Ens. judicious.
Sry to thine, glare, be resplendent, 'z
yfl'ow.
7n3f to cause to shine. ?lisfer. 2 to neigh,
ninny's neighinss. 3. to shout. Der.
French joii. tng. jolly.
"I-V to be cirar, transj^areiit. 1. either ^
reflector, or a lamp. C. Cir,3f the
noon. 3. I'S' oil. 4. v. to labor -.it noon.
n^y to command, order, orUdin. 'If a pre-
cept, command.
n^2f to cry aloud, Bhonf. r^n^f. rimi;
a cry, crying out.
npiX to be white, clear, to jhiue, 2. to be
white, pale. 3. P.y clear drying wind. 4.
SyyT^"^ things clear or plain. 5. ni^O.
i^^'l1fO the buiuan forehead. 6. rWlSfO
cbinin^ plntes vf met^l. D^DSf -the
itnooth Bhiuing suuimit of a ro*ck.
nn*ny a sUuiin^ parched conntrv.
P^»nnir»hiiiiii2 raclcysmnmils. mr.3f~V
violent intense heals or droughts. Der.
Lat. SICCUS, fcjig. sicciiy. excicc^tJ.
Y^ Ciiald. to corrupt. T^rl a stench,
stink, Der. stain.
pHY to laugh. V. to sport. 3. to make
tport, lauiiuler. Der. Lat. jocur, Eiig-
j«>ke. jocular.
iny brijriu, *iii«lii2. a wlrte color.
*V dr>iu»«, df<;uj;bt. rt^ 4ti<«uclit. 3.
1^!^ dry, part-nen ground. 3. E^*"if
inhabitants of thv« wilderness. 4. D**V
ravenous birds. 5. 'V, Q'^t* 0'i>' a
decked ship, or vessel to carrj j:ood? dry.
^jf shade, uvershndow shelter. J. to
overshadow. nSirS a shady place or
valley. 2. nS")^ a spread or extent of
M-ater. 3. to ring, tingle, sound. 4. T^SiC
bells, probably caparisons, warlik*' ;rap-
pings. 5. Cn'ryO cymbals, '"^^'i to
be overshadowed, overflowed,o\ erwhelra-
ed, to sound, qnaver, tremble. *?i Va to
overshadovp exceediugly, the locnsl.
^*"7!k72f kind of cymbals, a hut or bi-iotb.
^^'^ Chald. to pray, supplicate.
'■^^y lo roast, toast, bake. SlSjf a baked
.ciike.
HTV fo pass on, advance, so forward. 9.
^if nSif to come upon; 3. to proceed
£0 forward, prosper. 4. wilh t t«> he
protiublc, good for. 5. to pn^ner,
thrive. 6. Chald. to prosptr. '7. rfnjf'
rAn'Pa a pan, astewpan.
qS:^ a picture, portrait, statne. ' i an
image, delineation, a dumbratiou 3. a
mere image, a phantasm. 4. IT^Tt
a shadow of death.
ybjf, n3?7A' a rib. 2. a side, or lateral ex-
tremity. 3. Cybv s des or leives, 4.
a side room. 5. HT'^y boards lining the
side of a room. 6. to lean, sidle, hatt, a
slipping aside, a haUing Der. to sUok.
Cy to fast, be empty of. DlS a fast,
fasting, nny empliiitss, tliirst. 2 IV-Y
a vail, a-cy a slarveliug. a laeagre
V, 1 etch.
.S*':y t'> thirst. p4*^y dry thirsty land.
let to couple, ?. apair, a couple. 3. aa
acre, couple, or voice. ♦. to couple,
join, fasten. 5', T'CV a bracelet. 6. in
hipb. wiih 7 following, to be joined to.
7. in hiph. to conple, jbm, connect.
ir:!? 10 sprine, 5pr<>''t. produce. 2. to grow,
3 to snrin? up, arise.
p*:y D'|5"'f 'M-y. 2. C'}>^f:y bunches of
r.iisiiis. Der. jinoke.
-i>:y wool. « n--?:y the tup shoot of the
txikif. Der. uuejir.
r^y to cut off, destroy, co&ftaine. JVTCy
HEBREW LEXICON,
pV
n!f
cut aff, destroy entirely, as a nounT^CIf
softif^what entirely cut olf. Der. smite.
rt OMV, thorn, prickles. 2. fi'lj^ goad?.
3. n^V m3X a Isrge Kind of shield or Iar5:et.
4. tlie piercing cold. 6. p*!f see ** 2.
6, n3V sheep. \i^, Q'J*i* very sharp
pointed thorns or darts. T\^'Xi)i an
urn or pot.
niX to throw, or jump off. 2. to drive
downwards.
Qit. ni»55f hard, dry.
yiV modest, humble, meek.
ftW to tnru, bowl. 2. nQjlP t«} circu in-
volve, roll, wrap round. P)*3X a tur-
j532f, I5»35f a dungeon. Der. fcnug.
'i:y,">"^i!fau aqueduct. *'^"^2^ waterspouts.
ly* to step, walk, go forwards, a step.
■nytD steps. mj?'.f a stepping, march-
ing. 3. mjIXK a chain. 4. nnyJf a
chain.
nyx to spread, stretch out. 3. V*!^* a
bed or mattress, a bed chamber. 3. to
spread out one's mattress. *. to strew,
or thro'v down. 5. stretched out, pros-
uaie. D'y^y* to spread all over.
'yt to be moved, shaken.
P].y fj'y.^ a kind of vail.
pj?y to cry out exclaim, npy* cry, cla.
mor, vociferation. £. to convoke, call
together.
"ly.*' smallness, meanness, little. "l^V^f
little, small, young, my'i littleness,
AOUth.
liiV to adhere, stick close. Der spot.
nSV to overspread, overlay. ^ISi* a cover-
Jnij. 9. nSV a covering or shell. 3.
f]M, a'Bi5f an honeycomb. 4. to over-
spread, ©(.erflow. 5, to overspread, float
upon. 6. to spread (the sight), see, snr-
v,^y. f^VSS to look cautiously, ciicuuj-
fpectiy; to chirp, peep, twitter.
r.2y. nna^ a pitcher, jar. rn|3:f or
rn*3*.f a pitcher cake.
7£V to hide, conceal. \\^'i the holy of
holies, vault of heaven. V. winkiug.of eyes.
3. to hide, lay up. Y^-;^ hidden trensures,
jjtores. 4. pBT* the northern part, north.
6. pav. Syn Baal Zepbon. f. fliSif see
ruyD secrets.
ySJt. ♦:ySV. "JlJ^S^f the basilisk. 2. mj/SX
issue. 3. -yisy dun?, excrement. Der.
Lat. spno. Eiig. to spew.
"lB":f to move quickly, rush hastily. 2. n3:f
niSy, n»-"132f a bird. 3. n*5X aji he
goat. 4. 'ilBlf the nails. 5. pSJf.a
sharp point, spike, or nail. 6. iT^'Si'
mSJf to push or hurry along, 7. n"i*SV
mK3n a crown of glory. Der. a spar-
row, Lat. spiro, Gr. Zcfi/p; Eug. zephyr.
^5f to break, burst forth. 1. to flower,
blossom, bloom, "^""i, D'sX. 2 to
iradiaie, emit splendor. 3. ^*!f a
flower (emblem of divine lishl). 4. Y*";f
plumage, feathers, wings. 5. r\T)ia flower
like tassel or tnft. C. nT)t> U^HT
bluom, efflorescence (hair of the head).
p2f to compress, straiten, Hpllf com-
pression, conipressure. p"l2^D siraitness,
ftV^t compressed, firm hard. 2. »pXD ynX
the compressors of the earth, i. e. the
columns of the celestial fluid. .1. to lay
or set down, 4. with *? followinsr to
press upon, distress. I315f> HpS np^XD
distress. 5. to press out, utter with paif,
and difficulty, Der. to slick.
7p2f' ppV a s rip or small ha;{.
"lif to bind up, narrow, strait, 'i, "Jiy-'i-
nm5fO a strong hold or /ortress. 3. mV
condensation. 4- >> rock, or flint. 5. a
sharp stone or fliut. 6. ^tlY the hard-
ness (of a swoid). 7. 1^^ llie neck. 8.
iNiy, nNiy the vertebral boms of the
neck. 9. ♦3'^l2f ditto from the firmness ,
10. "^*2f a firm compacted form. 11. lo
enclose, environ, beset, besiesre. 'l'>5fO
a siege, blockade. 12. to straiten, op-
preis, distress. 13. D*'^!? girding pains
in travail. 14. "TV a hiuye. 15. "^-Jf an
ambassador, agent. Id. D*vy com-
pressors. 17. mi";f a form, see "^V*.
1, IB, ♦nV balm, see under nny
*113P to bind up, confine clo.sely, to
bind closely, compress closely. ">'"iV a
stone, a grain, a piece of solid matter
compressed hard by the expansion, to
besiege, beleague, blockade closely, to
distress, afflict exceedingly, a severe
persecutor. Der. French serrer. Lat,
and Eng. miser, nLenc*: iiiiiery.
HEHPvEvy LEvSCOX,
53
un?
3"S 10 biini, scDrca. nnS a burning,
ail uidsmiiuriati.
nny. nt a sum, resin.
T'\'^'!i t(j cry -.iluad. roar out. 2. a hollow
l>lHce, vault, cavern.
'y\'S iiecesfciiy. Wdut, occasion.
y^^, yny u leper. .2. nj?n» the wasp,
fir liornct.
^"^y to melt, r»!iue. Pp'iO a cupel. 2.
to reiiiie. \n\\\fy, prove, try.
niD^V the shadow of death, darkness.
■injif- n-nr.::? pipes, t„bes.
yi-irS. frogs.
p
K|5 to vomit, spue out. Hip, Vp. 2. HKp
ttie pelican.
2Kp Ciiald. 10 arise.
nip to curse execrate. 2. 3p. HSp,
. Sp' see npj.
'3p to receive, accept, take. ri7'3pD
;i. to undertake. 3. as a particle, before,
in the presence of, with the consent.
b2p7 according to. .SlpT because of,
by reason of. 4. Chald according/y-
^3p ^D with a!l respect to.
>?2p to press, down, depress. 1. V^ip
an helmet. 2. "y2p the lees of wine.
3. to oppress, afflict, defraud.
Y^p to gather together, collect. *y*2p
collections, companies. 2. to gather iu,
withdraw.
13p to bury, inter. T^'^2p z grave, .sepul-
chre. Der. Gr. ■'if'-^Ttr-u Eng. grave,
Gothic grab, erabboii.
•7p' nip cassia. 2. "'p^'p ibe skull. 3.
to bow, bow down.
T\'p to kindle, sparkle, shine. 2. rmp a
burning inflammation. 3. mpH a spark-
liisg, glittering.
mp precedency, priority, antiquity. 1. to
be, come, go before, itiUicipate, antiquity,
priority, anciently, '2^-^p ancient, pre-
dectssor. 2. to come btfore, into the
presence of, to meet. 3. the east. 4.
Chald. nriTp'S before, at before. 5.
Chald, before, in the presence of.
iTp to be durk, obscure, black, mip
darkness, obscurity. 2. to grieve, mourn,
mourning. Der. Lat. cedrus, En?, cedar.
^Ip to separate, set apart. ' 2. to set
apart, select. 3. to set apart, separate,
sanctify, consecrate, sjnciitied, hoy,
boiintss. w'*7pD ite sanctuary, the hoiy
place. 4. t'lpD ditto, lor idolatrous
purposes, to cojisecrale for idolalr-.iiS
purposes. 5. t'*7p> rWlp a p.^ostituic
male or female. 6. tt'np' j^V^np Lo!y,
a holy one.
^rip to be bhint. 2. to be blunt, set
on edge.
7rip to collect, assemble, an assemfily,
cougregatio'i. nt'mp'i assemblies, n^np
an assembler.
n'ip to stretch, stretch out, tend. 1.
towards, n-'^p* see "pV 2, ^D matter
expanded, rrp-^ thread, yarn, ~^pr\ a
thread. 3. niph. to be made to tei;d, itiud.
nip's a ditch, pond, lake, reservoir.
np see np^ a prison.
lip to ioaliie, natiseatf, a loathing, disgust,
{i. Chald. IS'p sec w'p summer. Utflp
hiph, lo be Ciceeciingiy disgusted. Dtr.
q>i:KX, full to loatLiiig, Gr. ><:■"; grmijrt;.
3-p to cut, cut olt; dtslroction.
*'■'-? to kill, slay, slaughter. 2. Cbuld.
to kill, slay. Der. cattle.
yep to be small, little.
c]L;p to crop, pluck olf.
T-p to fume. *.t3*p, "ila'p smoke, vapt,r.
I miipra a censor. 2. Chald. to binQ»
! buiu together. 'TiCp ligatures, liuea-
i ments. 3. ^*'^-p knots, ditliculties.
j IS-p Chald. the summer.
PT ste pp-
I n^p to be light^allevialed, 2. SpO. niSp^a
I a iigiit rod or start". 3. to be light, nim-
j ble, swift. 4. Sip.bp. r^'p, r,lbp voice*
' Sound. 5. to be light,easy. 6. to be light,
tritting, unimportant. ■;. vile, to belijjht,
contemptible, p*?? vileness, ignominy.
8. to roast, parch, fry. ♦^P parched corn,
c;. riTpD a parching feverish heat. /*7p
to become exceeding vile, to curse. .I'^/p
malediction, to smooth, polish, burnish.
7p7p exceedingly li|;ht, to move very
lightly, swiftly, to furbish by rabbing'
swiftly,
rr^p a cauldron, kettle,
12^P to contract. I2"'7p contracted. 2.
H
HEBREW LEXICON.
C2D^
\SJpO contraction, retreat, refuge, re-
tirement.
tr7(5 to deride, mock, scoff, sport.
V^ a siin?. D'^/p sliiigers. 2. a cur-
lain. •}. two lerives of a double wicket.
i. to lioUow, scoop out. ny'rp'^ en-
!l ravines.
Vbp, pw^*?!? the tine or spike of a fork.
Dp to arise, bland up, be established. I.
rise, arise, ru^j? a rising np. 2. in
Kal. with Si*, Sj; or S to rise
up actainsf. 3. to standi, remain. HOp,
noip, njjip stature. n^OpiS a standing,
station, as a n. Q'^p* that whicij
snbsistetli, substance. iT^'^pn a standing,
power to stand. 4. to rise, grow up.
nCp .standing corn. 5. to grow consist.
eat, thicken, stiffen. D^p to rise up.
rvtSOp uprightnesses. *0?:ipn insur-
gents, adveisaries. Der. Gr. J^o/^n Lat.
coma, Eng. a caml>.
nr:p meal, flour.
i^y^^i to lay hold on, arrest.
*7Qp to wiihtr, fade. Der. qualm, calm.
^^p to grasp a handful.
\y;2p, C'ICp, U'IC'p a species of tfiistle
or nettle,
^p to lament. waiS. nj*p. ni^p- CJ'p
lamentation, pp to lament, wail, bewail.
Nip to eat into, c.irrode. l. to bum, be
fervent. r\li}p zenl. '2. envy, indignation,
jealousy. 3. Chald. to buy.
M3p to hold, coniaiii. I. a hollow pipe
or tube, a stalk of com, a pipe, lamp.
a reed, a hollow hone, the beam of a
balance. 2. \p a nest, room, cabin, or
mansion. 3. ^p a casque or helmet. 4.
to hold, possess, get, acquire. .IJpD
n!pD possession, purcliasc. b. r^yp
lamentation, see |p. pp to build, m«ke
a nest, ueslle. 2. \yp possession, pro.
perty.
Dip. \^121p< ^Wp cinnamon. Der. Gr
KmciiJMi/.ov Lat. ciiinamonium. Eng.
cinnamon.
V3p' ^2rpJ auares.
tp, DDp to cut. or pluck off.
DDp to divine, presage, prognosticate.
D*ODp rewards of divination, sagacity
penetrali .n. Der. Dutch ghissen, Eug
guess.
n^p an iukhorn.
Vp to impress a mark, stiijmntise. ypi'p
a marking, stigniati2ing. Der. Fieutt
coing. Ene. coin.
•^yp, a-^Vp, n-syp a dish, chargfr.
^P seeF]pJ a circuit.
Nap to be condensed, coagulated. pKSp
condensation, thickness, gloominess. Der
to coop. r
■^Sp to hasten, C. "I&p' TSp an hedgehog.
Tap' nSp a serpent, the darter.
V^P to contract, shut up, restrain. 2. to
•'kip, bound, leap. Der. to skip.
VP to fret, lacerate, wound. 1. yip. D^Vp
a^yp a thorn. 2. in hiph. to harrass,
vex. 3. to fret, be frttied, wounded.
a^rp to cut equally, exactly. 2. to shear.
Uer. to chop.
•^^fp to make an extremity. 1. to cut off.
2. to cut shoit. curtail, it. in hiph. to
scrape. 4. ^ pOVp extremity, .no "lyp
ends, extremiiifs. ^*:^y•p. T'iTp tx-
"eme. outermost. 5. y:tp a captatn, a
commander. 6. a cutting off. 7. niv^p
the locks, the ends of the hair. 8. Tp
the summer, see yp' c. YTtp t„ cut off,
cut through and tliiougU or in pieces.
nvp a kind of plant, the giib or nlgelhi.
|yp see r,^p b. a captain.
yvp to cut or scrape olf the surface. 2.
myjfpra plants ^,r hatchets. 3. piypD
yvps. jn)?vpD „,e .ern.inaiion, ex-
tiemiiy or end. 4 r\"iy»Vp ci.ssia.
f)yp to fonm forth. 2. to foam with anger.
")2fp to cut short, curtail 2- to reap, mow,
iiuit-s lopping. Dtr. castrate.
pp P"p3 a hole, hollow place. 2. )Vt>»p
a goutd. ' "^ '
*^p to spring up, gnsh out. 11p^ a spring
or fountain, s. nip emanations, juices.
K">p lo meet.. 2, to occur, happen, hfM\^
S. a partridge. ♦. to call. 5. with S to
call, Invite. 6. to call, cry out, proclaim,
7. with 7 to c»ll, give a name fo. 3. to
pionounce. 9. to read. Der. to cry.
31p to approacb, come near to, p"»p an
({RBREW lEXlCON.
KJi'P
\l;k^
oblation, offering. 2. 3"np nearly rela-
ted. 3. with 3 following, to make nearly
•alike. 4. with -'J following, to approach,
advance against, assault, attack. 5. the
inmost part of a thing, that which is
nearest to i 1st If.
n^p to meet, light upon. •\p a meeting,
justling. '^p au opposition. 2. to occur,
befal, happen. mpO an occurrence,
e»en. 3. to coiutamte, frame, or fit
together, mip, nl'^p a beam, rafter,
nip a roof. mpD a conjignation,
fabric, building. 4. n«p. mTp the flat
wall of a house, or side of an altar. 5.
*Tip th*- threads of z spider's web. 6.
n*"ip> n»''p a city or great town- Hnp
K">*p Kn»"lp a city, town, Chald, l.
1p, mp. rr\p cold, the celestial
fluid in a gross, condensed, compucieil
state, of enterii g the snialitr pores,
and by its extern.il pressure, reiidorinji
the light within them more dense. Tir\p^
a cooling, '^p'^p to dash against ench
other violently. 'lp'!p'3 a violent meet-
in?, a burly burly.
mp to be entirely smooth. 1. congealing
cold, ice. 2. chrysial. 3. to make the
head imooth. bald, Der. crystal.
BSp to superinduce, bring over, cover
over with. Der. Lat. cremor, Kng. cream-
pp to shoot forth diffuse. 1. to irradiate,
emit rays of light. 2. a boiiia'J"^p,
n'2lp- .1. 'V ri'ii^p elephants teeth,
ivory. 4. Chald. a horn. K:np, \^^'^p.
K»;'np also a cornet. Der. Greek
K-;c'.v.o; Lat. coriui, Eng. a horn.
t'*^P to bend, stoop. 2. a hook, tache,
clasp. Der. French crochu, Eiig. crouch.
jnp to rend, rent. C^y^p pieces, rents,
r;i?s. Der. to crack. Eng. crevice.
^"^p to move, agitate. 2. to move, wink,
or twinkle. 3. agitation, the breeze or
gHd fly. 4. to be moved, agitated, knead-
Ht. 5. Chald. accusations.
Vp to contract, fasten, a boar^ or plank
coinpatted.Oer. Lat. crasuis, Eng. crass,
. French graisse.
^p to collect one tiy one. 2, stubble Vw'p
to pick lip, collect. Cp\:ip see nrp
Nw'p a cflctrtnker
2*i£'p to hearken, attend, listen, listening
with attention.
'I^P to be stiff, rigid, toagh, stnbborn.
^^p stnbborness. 2, rfiVp broad, shal-
low vessels of beaten metal. S. TWpD
curled wreathed hair. 4. a cutuniber
garden. Vp''i^p T^^'i^Vp the scales
of a fish. D^rpCp the scales of a
coat of mail. Der. I/at. tascos, Eng.
cheese.
ntyp to stiffen, harden, to treat bardiy,
cruelly.
arp truth, integrity, pnrity. niO'tt'p a
lamb or sheep. Der. Lat. caslue, Ln;,'.
chaste.
*lt'P to bind, bind about, a band, a head-
band. 2. the stronger kind of sbtep 3.
to band together, conspire, a conspi-
racy, confederacy.
nU'p a ()uw to shoot with. 2. lite raia bow
|'*?p*p vile, shameful, vomit-
Cin'p Chald. a harp.
m^P a hatciiet or axe.
>D'^p the soles of the teet.
yp'^P a pavement or floor, i. e, an ex-
teuaed surface.
nm to see. look, look at. *K"\ appeafaDC*",
aspect. rVNT seemly of g«.wd aspect.
nK"^"3 aspect, look, vision. 2. lo under-
ttaiid, perceive, experience. 3. *N"l a
mirror, looking glass. 4. the hawk or
vulture. 5. nK1?3 see K"!^ 3. Der. a ray,
I/at. radius.
DNI to be raised up, exalted, n^Nn
h.°h, exalted. 2. CSn. D'Jn, Crcin
the wild bull. 3 m-iSn coral.
r»n beginning. n^ViTS the first part.
first fruits, t^rxn first, ni;tt?K-i n»:r»4sn
-.mcestors. 2. \ery poor, low, beginning
life, extreme poverty, indigenee. .3. the
lieginning. HJVS") first, the foremost.
4- principal, chief, most excellent,
t\ VK1 the excellency, chief. 5. the bead.
6. the head, summit, top. 7. the heads of
rivers. 8. Q'CN■^ military bands mider
heads, 9. a head ruler, director, captain.
10. a su n, head, total. 11. a deadly poi-
on, bissop, 12. nC^KnO, ^nVHna a piJ
HEBREW LEXICON.
ibn
n^
low, bolster. 1.3. Tlltt^KIO head dresses,
head attires.
2.*\ to strive, contend, contention. .contro-
versy.
Kin, see nan.
*7in to wreathe, intwiiio. 1. T-"! *T'31
a wreath, chain. 2, a*^SnQ tupeslry,
carpets. Der. Gr. pwTTTuJ tug. rhapsody.
nnn 10 increase, multiply, ap, 31 iniil-
titude, number, magnitude, ^abundance,
enough, alst> greatness, amplitude, much,
many. rT'il'3 increase, multitude,
treatness. main increase, progeny. 2.
r\"inn iucrtase, increment, interest*
3. to hring up, nourish, make great. 4:.
ri31H the locust. 6. great (with his bow
a great archer). li"l multiplicity,
multitude. Hia"! miriads, tens of thou-
sands. □*ri2T two miriads, twenty
thousand, or perhaps numerous. 7. Chald*
an. man. xnian majesty. «. cnaid.
Van ten thousand, rinsi ten thou.
Band or geuer,illy, iuuuite or i» -
definite number, a multitude. JliSaiD
infinite, indefinite numbers. C*3''3n,
D-aan ram or showers, anan, ]»2nnn,
pnan ChaUI. exceeding great '^an,
Kian a myriad, ten thousand. Der.
rabbit.
■]n to bake, or fry.
van to agitate, actuate, agitation, business,
employment, a, to agitate with lust, mix
carnally, mix, copulate. 4. I'anK four.
□♦nyaiN fourfold, a fourth part.
n»ran.r\y'an. n^an^ ♦ynn qnancrs.
yan to lle down, Couch, resting place.
pan Arab, to tie, bind, a stall.
DJn to clod, gather into concretions.
Q^a^n clods, lumps.
'into move, be moved, disturbed. in hith.
to disturb, disquiet 1. TJnK a small
chest or case. ;j. to shake or tremble (as
the earth). 4. to sh.ike or tremble (with
passions), commotiou, trembling, tfou-
Me, fear, anger. HOT a trtmbiint', fear
Der. French and Eng. lagc.
vil to smite, atrikf, tompress. l. d^bi')
distinct st okfB or im pi essious. ii. the
■foot. o»Sri, mSin. nbj->. ♦^jt afoot
soldier. nSjnn, nS^nn a fooUny, goinc
oa foot. JS. to iiwesUtale, search, sjiy '
out. □"•S:n'3 spies. 4. with a following
to caluinnialc, smile with tl'c tongue.
Oil to whelm, heap together, i. to over,
wheim (withs'oues). 2. DCn a heap, a
bulwark of siones :i. H^no a heap of
stones. 4. joanx the purpura, purple
fish. 5. pn.N, x:irf< Chald. purplc.
pn to mutter, murmur. iJIJ a inulterer
whisperer. Der. iMeucJi aud ling, jargon.
J?JT to still, cjiiiel. *y;n those who are
quiet, nyjin*: rest, quiet, 'i to be still,
fixed, stiii, rigid #. a rest, pause, stup,
iuitant, ill a moment, suddenly. av~i^
by moments, every moment. m^'JIIK
a moment, iiiatantly. Der. Cir. ttytujj
P'yo;, Lat. rigeo, Eng. rigid.
k^jn to meet tuijcther, dssemule, in a tu-
multuous niuuner.
mn to descend, decline. 2. to subdue. Tn
a ruler. 3. with a followijij; to dcsceud
upon, rule over, mn lo suuaue euurciy
or absolutely, a kind of vail. Tm
mn Arab, to shut close, stop up, Hfainn
a trance. Der. dream, Lat. doruao, fr.
dormir, Eng. dormant.
P)"in to follow, ■^. niph. to be followed. 3.
to follow, pursue, cha^o. -i. to loiluw as
a commanUer. &. to pursue, preasjug
with words. 6. to persecute. 7- to follow,
affect, endeavour alter.
ann to incite, excite, stir up. 2. high
spirited, tierce, proud. 3. Rahab auume
of Egypt.
nnn or m to be irresolute, wavering.
tarn a gutter, trough. Der. Old Eng. rathf.
rm to be wet, soaked, soaking, drunken,
ncss. 2. to be eatuiated, satiated. 3.
Chald. aspect, appearance.
nin see r\'\ the breath,
nn to waste, make lean, famish, lean. 2.
nnn the pine or lir tree, 3. HM the
cedar. 4. H. nn, «Tn Chald. a secret,
Dtr. icezj', Lat. resiiia, Eng. resin.
nm to cry cut, shout, shriek, a crying, also
a shouting for joy.
on to be coiuracttd, »cowl.
pn to weigh, try. pH a counsellor. Der.
Lat. ratio, Eng. reasini. '
nn motion, a breeze, breath, wind. DWlO i
airy, the air. fimn a bieathing. 2. nn ,
tpacf, d. stance, inteisiice. 3. the .spirit '•
or soul of a brute. 4. a spirit of an
HEBREW LEXICON
57
SD-"
2r
incorporeal substance. 5. n'tl . ri^n"i">
tiie breath or soul of man, al*ja passion
or uioUoii of the soul. 6. wiUi n^?-") an
evil spirit, 1. tiie spirit, (the holy
spirit). 8. ,_nn' nmn respiration, re-
freehmeut, respite. 9- r.nn a van for
winnoirius; corn. 10. to snuff, siiiflT. stnell.
11. to inspire, breathe iu. 12. Pin an
exalation, reek, orsteim of water, whiih
being rarefied by lishl or beat, is by the
agency of the atr breilhed iu'o the tubes
of plants, which it supplies and dilates?
conveying into thein, the finest ami most
natritive part of the vegetable mould,
and thus causing theoi to shoot or bud.
Der. to rack.
;m to be dilated, made broad, brnad^
wide, spacious. l3""T 3m extended «n
all sides. 2^ ^^"^ dilatation, pride of
heart, wifi ">i*33 large, vast, insatiable
de?ires. srnO a bioad large place.
am. Sim, niaim, ninm a broad
place, forum, market place, sireet,
square.
onn, U'm the rafters, ceiliDgs.
^n*1 a female sheep, a ewe.
Dm to embrace, inclose. D*m the lower
mill stone. 2. the uterus, matrix, womb,
3. a damsel. 4. a'"2n~l the bowels or
intestines. . to move, yearn, pity, to
love tenderly, intensely. C.nn pitiful,
merciful. a*Cm bowel* of mercy. 6.
a species of unclean bird, the vulture.
^m to shake, move, tremulously.
Y^n to wtsh, or cleanse the surface with
wafer. nVP.T a bath, bathing, washing.
2. to wash, wet. 3. Cbald. with ^V
following, to trust to, depend npou.
pnn to remove, far, distant, pinno dis-
tant. 2. to be dissolved, loose!.
Vm to boil, bubble, cast up. 1. rUTmra
a stewing or frying pan. 2. to boil, bnbble.
nnn s-e nn 9. a van.
^n, 13'^"^ to(renible exceeding'y.
3lO"> to be wef, moist
UlflT to dnsb, or be dashed.
m soft, tender, delicate. 'V^^ faintness. 1.
riDIK sec mK 3. to advance. "131 lo be
' mollified or snppled.
IQ'' lo ride. '2. to tos« ?.l.'ou». 3. the
rider or upper millstone. 4. Cbald. the
J knees. n23"l«
^jT to trade, traffic, merchandise. "JD^
a merchant. P^jID a mart, market. 2,
VjT a busy body, a tale bearer, a trader
in slander.
W^ to bind bard, join, connect. 2, a
combination, cunspiracy. 3. DT3*1 J^je
rugged lirm part of mountains.
t*D~l to earn, acquire by labor or industry.
tt^13"1 substance, acquisiti<>n. 2. work-
insj ctttle rhorses, asses mules, camels.)
Der. French riclie, Eng. rich.
m to be lifted up, exalied. elevated. D11
elevation, haughtiness, mm a raised
place. n-nO height, high. DOinn 2.
niph. or.hiph. to rise up, raise up oneself.
3. hipU. to take otf. away. 4. hipb. to
raise, levy. 5. DlT D*Dn, see DKT 2.
6. psn», n'.JOnK a raised building,
a turret or tower. O^l to raise, lift
on high, exalt, extol very much. niCD^I
exaltations, hi^h praises. Uer. room.
XC-) see n!l"» 4. to cast,
non to cast, project, shoot. 2. to cast,
tiirow. 3. to throw, deceive, cheat, fling,
H'Dn, n^nrs. nmn, n*mn, injurious
deceit. 4. ncn> ^?!;n. Chald. to cast,
c. St down. 5. a worm. 6. CIH the pro-
jector, Heimei an idol to the material
.■spirit or heavens. 7. P'ai the pomegra-
nate tree and fruit. 8. ^v:n Rimmon, a
S)rian idol.
nm a spear, lance, pike.
ICT mules bred from mares.
]":1 Rimmon, see nm 7. 8.
DDT fo tread, trample. DDiD a treadiog
place.
tt^OT to move, move along. 2. to move,
creep, crawl, a reptile.
p to vibrate freely, move to and fro. ^
pK 2 species of pine tree. 3. to move to
and fro, exult. 4. to shout, a procla-
mation. b. ^I^i* an ark or hollow chest,
a chest or coffer for money, a chest or
C'uTin for a dead body, the chest or ark,
\i~t to vibrate briskly, exult, to wave to
and fro I'as trets), the vibiation of light,
t<» shont, try, proclaim aloud, triumph.
a*3i"l ostriches. Der. rant, Eng. rane.
33n the hare.
58
HEBaEW LEXICON.
KT1
p-»
Ot to moisten. Q *DDT drops (of water.)
P"> to bind with a rope, bind tiglit- a
bead stall, a bridle.
y^ to break, break off or In pieces. 2. to
break, afflict. niyT contrition, affliction,
3. to break, order, evil, wrong, disordered.
•^3n, nj^">, l.tvil.a.mischief. S.wickedness.
4. to tireak the air, a loud sound, to
clin?, shdutin?, vociferation, n^l'^n
shoiifin;;. 5- Hyi* a curtain, see VV
6.yMi Cbalri. seeV1«VV"l.inhith. to
break, be broken in pieces. 7. to make
a very loud rtpeated noise or shouting,
to ring again. Der. rinj;,
3yT to bnn?er, famine. Der. Lat. rabbies,
K«?. rabid.
"ry"* to tremble, shake.
W\ to feed, feed itself. 2. to feed npon.
». t« feed, lead to, supply with food.
0''V1 a shepherd, herdsmen, y^ a
shepherd, a pasture. n]?"lO 4. to feed,
nourish, take care of, tend' *y"> pastoral
^ cares, feeding, proceeding. 5. to feed,
I teach. 6 yn. Myi, D»l?n a messmate-
;' companion, friend, neighbour, myi
* r\"iyn afemule coin|)aiiioii.7 . Chaid. to
will, desiri*, affect. TWjJ'S will, pleasure.
*JVj;*l Chaid. thougiils, cogitations.
^V^ in hiph or huph. 1. to be violently
asitated, shaken, auitation, confusion. 2.
n^Syi spangles, little thin plates of gold
or silver. Der. roll.
OV'\ violent commotion, concussion. 1.
to be violently moved, disturbed, agitated.
2. the mane of a horse. 3. to thunder.
4. to roar.
.]V"l to thrive, flourish, pj?") (o flourish
very much, be vigorous. 2. pyn re-
freshing (oil). 3. pn Chaid. flourishing,
prosperous. Der. Gr. pwyvVjaj
fj^l to distil, drop, fall by drops. Der.
Lat. rivus.
yVT to crush, break by crushing. Der.
crush.
^^if^ to tremble, quake, stagger, an earth
qnake. C. to leap, bound, a bounding
Der. to rush, r.i«.h.
KS"! to restore. 2. dead bodies restored
to dnst. 3. to bcnl, restore to health, a
phvMcian^ a healing. •». to restore, re-
build, repair. 5. to restore, invigorate.
C. a»K6n Rephaim.
131 to itrew, spread, a carpet. 2. to
strew round.
nB"> to give way, relax, yield. 2. corn
pounded. 3. to relax, slacken. 4. to be
dissolved. 5. to remit, let go. 6. to let
dtjwn. 7- to be relaxed, slackened, fee-
ble. 8. to be slack, remiss, idle. 9, to be
slaiik, fail (another.) 10. to be slack, 4tay,
forbear. 11. to be slackened, assuaged,
appeased. 12. to be assuaged, restored.
J3. ?.n appaller who makes others faint.
14. to yield, submit, be still. 15. Tera-
pliiiu, i. e. representative. P]ST to yield»
give w?y very much, trembler. Der. Or.
j piTTCT lat. rumpo, Eng. corrupt.
1 DiJ-l to trample, stamp upon. 2. bitb. t»
j tramp, tramp along.
I p^"^ advancing towards.
^3"\ to foul, mud, mire-
r^S"^ stalls for oxen.
^■^ to run. D'y-l light armed guards.
^yinO a course, njfnn invasion. VTIO
a race. 2. to run, drive, force, dr.sh. '3.
^1N the earth, earthly matter, the globe
oi e;irth and water, a land, a country, the
ground, ym to run here and there
*wi(ti\, to run, dash against each other,
to dash, break, bruise by collusion. 4.
to b(e;ik, crush, greatly oppiess. Der.
dr. ycccovj Eug. race.
KV1 to run. 2. nvn to be pleased with,
accept.
nyn to leap, exult.
nvn to be pleased with ; will, favor, delight
adcclion, f.t'if will, 2. to be pleased with,
enjoy, 3. to be pleased with accept
kindly. 4. to accept with patience, ac-
qiiicse in. 5. to please, conciliate, with
QJ? following, to agree, consent with.
nsn lo kill, fclay, murder, a nianslajer, a
sword, slaughter.
V^'1 to pierce through, perforate, bore
an awl, a piercer.
f]^^ to stiew, spread. 2. a pavement. 3,
live coals orembera spread out.
P"* to evacuate, emply. 2. worthless, in
vain, to no purpose, without cause 3. to
draw, draw forth as a sword. 4. to ex-
tenuate, attenuate, make thin. 5. as a
jjfirticie, only, except, but yet. 6. the
bone of the temple. 7. spittle, lee ^T
1. }3»p") a very thin cake, a wafer. Der.
wreck, rack, rake.
HEBREW LEXICON.
59
3x;
-12U
2pT rut, rutteiiness, putrefaction,
■tp"! to leap, skip, bound Der. racket.
rip'^ to compose, compound, unguent.a per
fumer. DTlpiD perfumes. 2. ia biph
to spice, season, a seasoned dish.
OpT to be variesaJed, diversified. 1. the
variegation, ja leathers, &c. 2. to he
▼arieeafed, brocade, embroidery. 3. to be
variegated, divereifled.
J?pT to strctcb forth, extend, expand. 2.
an expansion.
*1T to exceru, ooze, slaver with.
V^ to lack, be pour, poverty. 2, acrid
poisons. VwT to reauce to extreme
poverty.
Jm Cliald. to he able, have power, a
grant, licence, permission.
at"i to make, impress, mark.
yV\ unfair scales. 2. to oxercome, over-
balance. 3. unjust, injustice, uurigbt-
eousness.
Pjrn to glow, Qash, 1. a red hot coal. 2.
a glowing tire» burning heat. S. flashes
of liifhtuing. 4. the glittering flashing
arrows of the bow.
rrn a net.
m. r>m to treoiWe, shake, shudder.
nm to boil, bubble. 2. to boil, move like
boiling water-
cm to hind tie, fasten by binding. 2.
Ibe Spanish brnom or genista,
pm to swathe, gird round, a girding chain
swathes, plates, sheets.
^D•J'^ to be moist, sncculent.
^3T timbers fastened together, a raft
V is used in the' same ^sense as "MTJ*^ 3.
1. prefixed to a r. or pronoun,
who, which, that, for. because, that
when. 2. prefixed to another particle
^^V which btlonss to me. .s. post-
fixed to another pai title. n'nCD ac-
cording to, tli;it wiiich it was. 4. post-
fixed to one particle and pretixed to
another. Srn in all that. for. -cStPn
on account of whom. V.^'o of those
who belon? to »s. CJC3, la^f 3, eee
Da and 1^3.
3><V to draw as wafer.
HnC? to be confounded, confusion, desola-
tion. 2. to tiimultnate, tuinnlt, vocifera-
tion. 3. to be coMfnunded, aMonished.
UKttf to despise, insult, contempt.
7Ktt> to a.'k. interrogate. 2. to ask, de-
mand, require. 3. to ask. lonsult. *. to
ask. request, beg, crave, rh^V peHfions.
mS^B^O 5. to ask, borrow. 6. S^KW
the invisible state of the dead, the grave.
|KW to be tranquil, quiet, to be tranquil,
secure, i. security. contidet;ce.
DkC* to spoil, plunder.
f]NC? to sup in, swallow up, absorb. «,
to inspire, draw in, snuff up. 3. toj;asp,
pant, aspire after. Der. to sup, French
soupe.
1XB? to remain, be left, a remainder.
2. consanguinity (a remnant of the same
flesh). 3. flesh, (the remains after death).
4. leaven, (a remnant of dough left to
sour), kneading troughs. Der. share, Gr.
S^fl flesh. Eng. share.
riKf ;,ee Ktt'3 J8. to lift up
SC' to turn. I. to turn, turn back, a
backsliding. 2. to return, revert, a re-
turning. 3. to render, repay. 4. do again,
what the preceding verb expresses.
5- to return, bring, or carry, answers. 6.
to turn, be turned, rhanged. 7. to reverie
repeal. 8. old age, when all turns siifT.
and rigid. 9- TiS't? hoariness, grey,
hairs. 10. "i2w ,the Agat, the vafier.
33V to turn, turn backward, fo bring
back, cause to return, restore. 3'3C*,
Nn'3C^. ]*3»Ztf the flames, steam of
blast of hot ignited air returned from
the fire.
T\1'C to lead, carry away captive.
nnc to sooth, assui.ge, calm. 2, to sooth,
calm, (an angry spirit;. 3. to sooih.
praise.
133\? a rod. a long staff. 2. a sceptre. 3.
a tribe. 4. a staflf", ensisn. b. a pen
style, reed. 6. a spewr, javtlin. 7. Shebat)
the eleventh month, about January.'
Der. Gr. cwjxrw Lat. sceptrum, Eug.
sceptre.
•\yO complication, entanglement. S.
sticks crossing each other. ^. compli-
cated, net, or checquer work. 4. a Uftice
iiO
HEBREW LEXICON
niJT
nnv;
window. 6. »D3W Chald. a Sambuke,
a kind of harp
?33Ur' to impel, thrust forward. 1. eais of
corn. 2. shoots, branches (of an olive
tree). S. a cuireut stream of water.
4. the Icii and foot. 5. ♦V^ti^ paths.
T^2Vff *^lS2U^ a snail, the path-maker.
Der. sbovei.
C2Vfy Cl^Di2^> rich embroidered, hand-
kerciiiefs.
ySV to li '.ve enough, Si-.t'srie^l, plenty. 2.
D^nv^^ seven iimes. 3'yn\tf seventy. 3.
Q*yaV wi!ekj. 4. sufficiency, sutlicieut
security. Dei. Goth. .Sibiin. Eiig. seven.
^2\y to close, iiickjse, straiten. 1. to in.
close, set, ouches, sockets. 2. to close*
strait, an inclosing. :i. a strait, distress.
p'2)if Cliald. to leave, let alone.
"I3tt^ to seperate, a breach. tl"i2\i^ des-
truction, 2. to break, slack, assiiai;ei
quencii. 3. lo break, make contrite,
sorrowful. 4. billows, breakers. 5. to
break, burst. 6. ilie solntion. interpreta-
tion (of a dream). 7. lo break to pieces,
ntail. 8. with 2 to break out upon,
view, look at. 9. with 7tf or S to break
out, towards, look nmo, oral, a looking
for, expectation,
V2V Chal<(. toimpiicate, entangle, wreathe,
perplex, €oiif./und.
natt^ to cease, leave off.
WV tj expatiate, luxuriate, grow, jn-
crease, magnify, celebrate, exhale. K^ity
great, ma-iniftcent. 2. mK'Jty devia-
tions, expiations.
2iV to lift, elevate, an height, secure place.
•"!J1V to luxuriate, ^low, lliri\e. 2. to ex-
patiate, run wild, 3. p^aty ;i so„g of
wanderings. * to wanucr, err, deviate,
mistake. 3. to expatiate, nlve loose to,
indulge. iiV u, transgrcs?, err, error,
inadvertency. ."JVJtt/ to make to grow
continually.
na\y to view attentively, to pry. Der. Gr.
a-nXayw Lat. salax. ling sailacions.
yi)tf to lie carnally, violate, ravish, a wife.
V-liy to be distiactL'd, mad, fury. Der.
skew.
"lily to emit, seiKl, break forili, isBiie>
ollspiiiig. Der Islandic, ekarra. Old
Eng. skere, a iiiiiltitude.
*7ty to .shatter, demolish, destruction,
devastation. 2. lime. "IIV to shatter,
break all to pieces. 2, to break the
clods of ploughed land. S. to demolish^
a destroyer, waster.
n*lt^ to pour forth, shtd, 1. a cup bearer.
•2. a fitlil, or ground. 3. the pourer forth,
the AH Bountiful. 4. the breast. 5. Sld-
dim, the pourers forth. 6. an effusion,
sprint;, stream.
Dl\y a burning up, withering. 2. fields
parched, burnt up,
fpV to blast, blight.
■^Itt^ ranges, rows of pillars. 2. Chald.
to exert, take pains, strive. 3. Chald.
"!lin»yK sedition.
nty a lamb, or kid. 2. one of the smaller
kind of cattle. 3. *My.,urine «ee pV.
^niy a witness, an eye witness.
DHty an onyx.
"inty round ornaments.
^V vanity, fahehood. 2. a vain idol, a
false god,
nv»y see 1^ 1. to shed.
nitt^ to make plain, level, smooth. 8. to
smooth, sooib, compose. 3. to be upon
a level, make equal. 4. Chald to be
made. 5. to be of equal value, counter-
vail, answer. C. to place exactly (oppo-
site). 1. to equalize, makeequiponderous,
8. continued equable (prospeiityj. 9. a
gift, compensative present.
J?"i\y, to open, cry out, vociferate. 2. open,
liberal, iiiunilicent. 3. rich, opulent.
P]"l\y see f\^ to overwhelm.
^W to view, behold, regard. 2. a present
in token of respect, 3. a beeve. *. to
look about, take a full survey, insidious
e.iemies.
3i«y Chald. to rescue, set free, deliver
P\\Vf to look, glance at. 2. to shine upon.
iVtV to twist together, twine.
nV to incline, stoop, liow, be humbled.
2. a shnfb, a rtwaif tree. 3. to couch,
crouch, lie down, 4. to incline, tend
downwards. 5. to be brought low, faint-
ing. (). a pit, a bole. 7. to be deep in
tlionglit, niedit,\lioii. 8. nnttf a swim,
to bow, stoop, bend very much, proj.
trate oneself. J~l»"1nniyn prnstratiou.
nn\y to i)iedi'.;iCf,rell«ct deeply.
HEBREW LEXICON.
61
y^
r^^w
]T\Vf ic make a present, bribes* a gift.
inV to swim.
intf to shed, drain off, blood shedding.
2. to dj dill, squeeze, , press. 3. to drain,
(gold from its dross), refine.
n^P a black or dark lion. 2. the onyx an
odorileroiis sbtU.
n» the elepbajiiiasis, a kmd of leprosy.
Der. lilandic, skiin. Eng. shine.
>nV to spring up, corn springing up the
third yearof its own accord.
')^-Vf a consumption, atrophy. 2. the sea
gul!. 2. P)*nU^ either slender, or covered
(with wood) .
*i^W lofty, haughty, height.
?r\Vf to conflict, collide, beat, grind to pie-
ces. 2. the air or conflicting ethers. 3. to
conflict, contend, fight, skirmish. 4. to
dance, sport, laugh, deride, a laughing
stock. Der. to shake, French choqiier-
Eng. shock.
ins^ to be dark coloured, swarthy. 2.
me dawn, grey, gloom, dusk (of the
morning). 3. the dawn, dawning. 4. to
morning), (rise early), b. to morning,
to seek (early). 6. to do a thing betimes
(early), 7- the river Nile, the dark rivet.
Der. Eng. swart, Lat. scurus, obscurus,
nnV to corrupt, spoil, mar, a destroying
hot wind. 2. to be spoiled, marred,
corruption. Der. scalb.
^l^V to decline, go, turn aside. 2. to go
to and fro. 3. a whip or scourge, 4. to
row. an onr. 5. the Shittah or shittim
tree. fi. HiOVn n"*3 the t^fciple of de-
clination or of the declinator, i. e. to the
heavens as causing the declinatiou or ob-
liqne circle of the earth. tO'-tOU' to go
to and fro repeatedly, a whip or scourge.
Der. Fng to scud.
ntfl\£? to spread abroad, etretcb, expand.
Der. a stick.
Dlfltt^ to bear malice against, hate.
notC^O implacable malice, spite.
[6D«^ to oppose, an adversary, an opposite
accusatioa. 2. the accuser, opposer,
Satan.
P)'J\S^ to immerge, wash by immersion. 2.
to overflow, overwhelm, an inundation.
3. to overflow, rush over, anoveiflowing.
Der. to steep.
IISV 8a inferior magistrate, a sheriff.
llfiU^ Ch4!d. a side or part. Der. Eng.
matter, Ltt. ma^ister.
♦ly see r^^^ 9. and 7^t^ 2.
yvf urine, pis;.
itt^ to stop, assuage, check. 2. to stop,
assuage, appease. 3. ]*3tt^ a check
stop, restraint, -i. to stop, stop up, ob-
struct. 5. to fence, hedge, sharp stakes,
thorns. 6, to slake, fix with stakes. pVf
to assuage enlirrly, to fence thoroughly.
Der- to check.
32U^ to he, lie down, a bed. 2. to rest,
be at quiet. '3. to lie down (m ibt grave)
Der. squab.
nD6^ resemblances, pictures, imagery, sculp-
ture. 2. the imagiuati' n, or conception.
naC^ to forget. 3, Chald. to find.
/^tt? to be wise, prudent, behave wisely.
2. to waste, destroy, a spoiling. 3
to deprive, bereave, a berea.uig. 4.
Sott^K. nSjtt^K a cluster of grapes. 5
to suffer abortion, miscarry. 6. to cast
its (fruit). T. to blight. 8. Sojltt^n to
consider attentively, understanding.
b'?2\y Chald, to finish, complete.
n3\y to be ready, forward, alert, diligent.
2. the shoulder, forwaroly, eiigerly. 3. a
district, portion, the shoulder bone
or blade.
p\2^ tc dwell, an inhabitant, habitation* tent
tabernacle. -. to rest, reiuaiu, continue.
3. ^♦aV a knife, see yif 3. Der. Gr.
l>i'iyyi^ Lat. scena, Eng. scene.
*1257 to satisfy, thirst, be cheered. 2, to be
drunk, intoxicated, a drunkard. 3. to
satisfy, hire, reward, hire, wages. "ilVJ'K
a corapensalive, present.
■ ^ to loose, loosen. 2. to let loose, let
go. 3, to loosen, c;ist (its fruit.) 4. to
dissolve. 5. loose flowing skirts. 6.
looseness, licentious freedura. 7. IkeQti-
ous speech Chald. 8. 1*?tt^ negligence see
n^iy 3. *7bV to loose, strip off entirely,
to strip off spoil, plunder, prey. Der. 6r.
GV'ka.M^ Lat. solvo, Eng. solution.
sSb^ to be pat in order, answer. 3. TStC'D
answering, corresponding. 3, C'^^V
parallel ledges. Der. a shtlf. j
ibV inow, Der, sleek.
nSty to be quiet, easy, secure, ibttf, ♦Sttf,
V7\y quiet, secure. C. to be tasy, carf
62
HEBREW LEXICON.
ZDV7
1»«7
less, ncgtigeut. 3. neg'ig«oce, neglect,
fail, CJjald. 4 T'VV a young female
child, quiet. 5. n>V Sliiloh, the giver
of peac«. 6. .^"'tJ^t a^lStt^ the guail.
Der. Lat. salus, Eiig. salme.
nbtt^ to send fcr'h. "lit or away. JnnbltfD
a seuding, a dismission. '^. t> send,
shoot forth, (as arrows), a dart, javelin.
3, to employ. 4. to stretch (orto (the
fiagerorhaiid). 6. DT.itt* gifts, pieseuts
(sffit). 6. to emit, shaot'lorth (as a tree;.
"rh^ branches, in reg. "nnbttf. 7.
yhvf a table. Der. Gr. o-TfAXw to send.
ting, apostle.
t27U^ to be over, or before. 1. D'Obv
shields, 2. to rule, have domioion. tO^^tf^
a ruler, governor. fitaSt^ imperious.
paStt^ power. S. Cbald. with 3 or ^y
following to have rule or power. l3»Sty
a ruler, Der. shield.
"|7ty to ca»t, cast down, or away. JTlsbty a
felling, 2. the cataract or pluugeon (a
sea fowl). 3. let go (gently.) 4. to let
fall, cast (ns a tree} its leaves or flowers.
OlVf to make whole, entire, complete.
I. to make perfect, complele. tlnish. 2.
to make np or good. TdW recom-
pence, retribution. 3. to make up,
(a di/ference). DlStt^ peace. rKconciU-
ment 4. a peaceoflfering. 5. r\th\lf an
outer garment, a complete covering. <;.
rflm^ Shulaniite, from salcm.
*1^^ t(f draw out (as a sword). 2. to
draw, or pluck off <as a blioe). 3. to
push out, iinsheaih.
tt^Vtt^ •'"•«. a*tyWthi,ty, also the third
generation. ^^'>^Vf, ♦tt^Sw, n*U>»'5U^
a third. 2. to third, divide iulo three
pans. 3. to treble. ^SvfO Irippled 4-
W'Ptyo, wVtt^D three year* old. thn-e
etoriet. 5. ^^hvf, MfbV a tierce, two
and a half pallons. 6. O^VbV three-
Biringed iusirtimenls. 7. ty'^tt', \t*'W.
V^^V acommandcr. Kt-'eial, third man
Uum the kiri!.'. 8. C^^b^ rulrs. dircc-
tion». -J. C^bV, aitt»^tp a lhir:l time.
OV to place, set, put. nailt'n a idacing.
2. tu place. giv«. 3. to constitute, make.
4. with 3 following, to lay on. imput«
to. 5. to set in array. 6. O'Vf to lay
up, atic d to, consider. 1. a name, fame
8. the n-iiiie. 9- there, thither. 10
D»C«tf th- heavens, the disposers, pla-
cers. a»Otfn »cr the heaven of heavens
or wiioit i,fihe iiiaieri;.! heavfhs. li.
the heavens, used tiguratirely for God,
•lie glory of God. 12- Q»OW a species
of onions, 13. to unite waste or deso-
late. riDtt?, mcU' desolation. IK to be
astounded, aiiiazed, coniounded. r\T:^
amazement, asionishinent. DOV to
place with great regularity. J^^ODtt^ tLe
spidtr, to be exceedingly desolate. HOOW
des(dati.;n, veryt^rtat, to Oc exceem ,i,iy
amazed. pODtJ> great astonishment.
T:ty to destroy, abolish, dissipate, mieriy
Der. Eng. smile.
n;:tt? to vibrate b.iskly. nnOty the quick
btaiing or palpitation of the heart ^'
to vibiate briskly as light. 3. ,0 juuve
backward andf>.rward as ihe fl„ni «{ j,,e
heavens. 5. to rejoice, exult. Hnci^ joy
exnltaiioD. '
JOCtt^ to let go, remit, j. lo let go, iet
drop, fall down. 2. to drop, slip, treyi.
ble. 3. to be let go, dismissed. 4. re-
mit, release. ntfiCV a release. 5. to lei ^
it alone, let it rest, uncuUivaled.
"JCV to recline, lie down. n3»?3C^ a rug.
70^ to surround on all sides, to clothe,
invulve. 1. n*?OV a garment, vestment,
hyke. 2. to liiin to the left hand.
|CV 10 abound, robust, strong, plenteous
2. (the fert.lityot the eaitlO. 3, the fat.
4. oil. 6. an olive (tree). 6 HjCW. HilDW
eight. n»:iCty eighty. l. r'i»oB^ahun.
dant richness. 8. C^^QU'K aiflnent
ciiciimslances.
V^V to hear, a report, tidings. n;?lCW
a jumoiif, report, ryov.o a hearing,
proflHn aiion. 8. with 3. S« or S
followioK. to hearken, listen to, inind>
obey. 3. lo uiideisiaiid
you to nuitter, murmur, whisper.
"T^tt to keep, t>r. serve, a guard, awAtch-
ni in. c. n-iV.JU'N a watch. tliir<J part
of the night. 3. to keep, observe, watch
HEBREW LEXICON.
63
-^V'^
pi:?
lie in wail. n^OVC a cliarge. 4. to
observe, t2k« iieed, be cautious. 5.
DnnW rtregs. leei. 6- "^'^Stt* a thorn
or briar, t. VOt? a diaxnoiid or flint, a.
n'T:tfC GoatU.
t'OiC to serve, minister unro. 2. the solar
Ii:;l)t. 3. TXtlV wifldows.
^'iV to bale, dislike, be averse from. 2.
eJtei>. see |«^\ 3. Chald. to chauge, be
cliauged.
\it* (i a latticed window.
":;>t' 10 repeat, do sgaiii. 2, ♦;Uf two
fi;t'0 second. 3. ."Utt^. Pitt^, Q^JV,
niJU' a year. 4. ♦JC, CJf double
dyed. 5. ^r, C*:^' tooth ivory, a point,
crag or tootii of arock. 6. to change, alter.
1. Cbald to chaiiee. 8. the renewer. 9
'J**' urine, jee ]♦«?. pC^ to repeat over
and over. Hi'-V a bye word, oft repeated^
to whet, sharpen. p3«? whetted, sharp.
4. |:intf n to feel acute pains,
'iV lopird up.
IC^y toroo, plunder, pillage. Dei. French
Chasser.
^t'ii tu split, cleave, rend. 2. to cleave,
a cleft. 3. to rend, cut olf, separate.
pv to cut, hew up. Der. to chip,
"^y^ to look, turn, regard. 2. with O or
^yt3 foilowius, to turn away, or from,
3. yn\:'n to turn oneself, look about 4.
yl'C* tocry aloud, shout, s^eyivy 5. 3<*^'2
6. Chald an hour. jTyU? to turn this
way and that, turn to oneself, look every
way,
3yV to stamp, or rush. Der, to shoo^
y^ the hollow of the hand, a handfiil.
2. SVfD a hollow, narrow way. 3. SyiC^
the fox or jackall.
W to incline, reclin*^, L.to l»e reclined,
lean, rest. 2. with /)^ foP.owing, to iean,
rely on. ^yVD a staft', prop, support.
3. to lie on.
\)l^ to seize, hurry away. D'apC' ex-
tatic, hurrying, maddening ihou'ht^.
yt^ to stand erect, upright 1. to feir,
be afraid. S. the hair. 4 '^-V^ some
hairy auinwl, a goat. 5.n*iy\? barley
6. agate. 1. a rough horrible teui[n«t.
8, Q'^*>U*, hasty showers. 9. Dnj?V
D'T'^tt^, idol* representiflg temp«»ts,
rrinyf hunible vvickedntss, that would
nuke tbf huir siand an end.
^|tt^ to cover, overwhelm. p'5V « species
of serpent.
TMV to dash, crush, break by impulse.
I. to be broken, craggy. 2. inlranjit.vely,
cn-iij. 3 nat? potted flesh. 4. the lip,
speech, lai.'guage, talk, itligious ci-!i-
fession, ibf edge or inargiu. 5. HLB^K
a quiver. TTilV a dunghill.
T^.2Vf to depress, humble, subject. DS^D
oppression 2. nnS'vt^ a handmaid, a
maid servant. 3. nn&tt^D a family,
household.
CStfc^ to judge, discern, determine, ?.
judge, judgement, puuisUmuit, carder.
Der. to shift,
"l^t^ to pour out, shed, a pouring out, a
slipping. 2. nsSV a man's privy mem-
ber.
7£tt^ 1, to humble ontself, he hnmbUd,
low. below, deep. 2. H/Stt^ a low
plain country. Der. Lat. scepeljo. Eiig.
sepulchre.
C£*y the upper lip, or mostachios.
^tV hiding places, hid treasures. 2.
the jerboa,
i*i^ A deluge, an inundation. 2. affluence,
abuudance,
pStt'to clap, strike, sratie. 2. to sutHce.
1£\y seemliness, beauty. 2. serenity (of
the heavens). 3. a trumpet. 4. ">Stt'K
a handsome piece. 5. Chald. lo be gucr,
^eemly. right. "^^tV^ goodiv, fair, beau-
tiful. ^"^tiV a pavilion or grand tent.
KnS"\a\:> Chald. the clear morning
; light.
r\ZVf to set, put on. 2. a fire range. 3.
U) dispose, place. 4 to dispose, ordaiu.
5. rtalls, divisions, sheepfolds. 6.
n^'fcVK a dunghill. 7. ajip*ee*£l?4.
*^ySP lililc. small, slsorL
piy lo uiove. run. pnsh forward. pVO
motion. 2. n sack- 3. " pf\J? a street.
4 the lee. !>. to desire eagerly, run
towards. |3plP iorush violently towards.
64
HEBREW LEXICON.
T»ttr
DW
UxWs'ne earnestly, to have eaater appetite.
pVfpV U) push forward repeatedly.
*1}5V to wake, watch. 2. the almond tree.
anjJBfD ahnond shaped. 3. TpW»
he flourishes (liKe the almond tree) once
used. 21, Job. 32.
nplt^ to irrigate, wet, moisten, water, i.
to be wet> moist, (with water). 3. to
moisten (as marrow does the bones). 4
to give drink to. PptS DinpW a water-
ing trough. D^pVD a butler, a cup bearer.
ppV to drench with water. Der. Lat.
succus, Eng. succulent.
tOj3tt^ to be quiet, rest, quietness. Der-
. squat.
^ptt^ to weigh. '?pt»n weight. 2. n'Tpt^O
a plummet. 3. to weifth money. 4. a
shekel silver 2s 3d. gold 36s 6d. 5, to pon-
der, weigh mentally, a ponderer, con-
siderer. Der. old Eng. to skill.
Dptt^ a sycamore tree.
ypV to sink, subside (as fire). 2. lo sink
(as in water). J?p^D clear. Der. Goitic.
Eng, sink .
f]'pVf to look, turn towards, front 2. a
window. 3. tt^lpiya the fioutisyiecc,
upper lintel.
Yp\i^ to abominate, abhor, detest, pollute,
an abomination, applied to idols, and
reptiles.
^ptt' to lie, spesk, act, or deal falsely, a lie,
a deceitful word.
r\p>tf see r^pvf i.
"itt^ to regulate, direct, rn'e. ♦"ll£^ a direc-
tor, ruler, chief, commander. "I^'^W «
directress, lady, miV princesses. m\ya
regulation, govtwimMit. 2. to re«i.late
by measure. .1. "^^^ a wall . i. Chald.
nitt', H^-^W walls. 5 Chatd. KjnWK
walls. 6.1^ the navel sirimj. 7. rVnV
gold chains or Mi«;klaces. 8. to sing,
utter musicaih. "^"^V a song. HilC
sincevR mid Q^ntt^ 9. IV to beh Id a
b.eve.rri'irn;; p.e*.-nt -^e-^W lO.n'K'D
a saw, see "tt'i II r\~WD a prepara-
tion, srn mlf. C:. "I'^V an absolute rule^
rVn'^U? joined with 3/ 'he rnlinf;
principle, directions of the htart. "^^V
the navel or part <t the body round it-
"»"liy to sins; repeatedly or melodiously.
trw^f-Vf chains, root*.
M"IV and nntt^ l. Cbald. to loose. 2. CLaid.
to begin. 3. to solve, resolve. 4. to dwrll,
remain.
3"lW scorching hei<t.
J">«^ to be wreathed, twisted. 2. i*^V
the flexible shoots of the vine.
*J^V to leave, be left behind, t. to be left,
remain. 2, clothes of leaving, the priests
cloths. 3. a pencil.
n'nW» to be strong, strength. 2. ^Vnc,
yi^, a»2ntt^ a coat of mail- 3 nnr
a strong javeli'i, spear. 4, T\*^\tf the
remainder, see N^V 1.
t3")tt^ to scarify, cut or wound, Der.
scratch.
"y^Vf to twine, wind, bend about. I. y\V
the siring of a sj-.ndal. 2. to wind, ciobs,
traversf, (as a path).
Cnr, r\lDn\^ acqueducts, 31 Jer. 40,
or probably. mO'^tt'n fuldg.
yiV to stretch out Jfnnm to extnui.
P|"1>y lo l»urn, burn up. 2. a gpeiiea of
Krpem. S. C^'^'J} seraphs.
Y*'^ to prodisce, increase abnudanlly. a, '
a reptile, a creepin" lhiii{;,
p'^Vf 10 be yellow, yeilouisb, tawny, .1
2. iTipnV jellowish (.--aw flax). .1. » ij
kind of exrellent wine 4- to hiis* .
whistle. 5. Kn^pnWD Chald. a pipe, ,j
V\V^ to root, lake root, a root 2»r*i'^V,j
root work, (of a tapering lorm). 3. to 1!
r<M)t up, irr^dicate.
niV personal attendance. 1. 'to attend,
wait npon, minisier lo. 2. riltt'D some-
what prepared for eating or drinking.
Der. Lat. servio,
tt/V to be brisk, active, sprlebily. -2. tt*tt*,
nvttf, rvv six. *vv, n»rcf a sixth.
S. flue wliife linen, or roluin cloth. #.
a kind of «hi e marble. 5. ^\i*\Vy .Ttr'lW
a Illy. \V^V the 'ily, an emblem of
divine liuhl and viclorr.
Ntt'W to bad. brim? out
■^tt'U.* vermilion.
J^^ to set, place, settle, dispose, con"
ftlifiite. appo'nt 2. to set. array (for
battle). ). to be set, si>ft; in falph. 4. nitli
D (o!l.iwin«, to 1ft alone, set from. 6.
r\^V array, dress, from a garment. 6.
r\'*Vf a thorn from its stability. 7- r\M\tf
settled, fixed, foundation. 8. THVI^ re
HEBREW LEXICON.
65
2D
an
servoir, reservations. 9- the buttock (on
which men set). 10. TXf the warp, the
standing thread. 11. Cbald. six. ^TW 60.
12. *r.V two'rnw^ toils, weels for catch-
ins; fl;h. Der. set, Lat. sitns, Eng. site-
nriw* to drir.k. 2. to absorb. 3. Chald-
to drink. N*nw?"3 a banquet.
TiV to sclt'e (33 a root). 2. to settle (as
a people), Der. Greek StvXo;- ^^g. stool,
Or.w* to shut, close Clhe eye). 2. to exclnde.
\r\t*, yr\T:2f part. blph. see ^V.
pn*i^ to be slill, calm. Der. stack, Lat.
st:igno, Eng. stagnate.
*"' in niph. to be hiddeti.
Wn^'^riw' from "iTW a witness. ri*T to ap-
I point, and Kn a boundary.
piV sec 21V to free.
*5f'U* to finish, complete.
]JN ,''if free from labor or grief.
n2T\'^'<ff^ a dissolving, melting flame or Hre.
JT^St? for why,
pVl'^V and CfVtf see «^S«? o.
Sn -tf the left hand.
JKr^ (denoting) reiterated repetition
C^zr^iV see 3n i.
Jjcy'w cloth mixed of linen and woollen,
nni-ii'p^y running cavities, bollows.
l-3"i*^' Chald. a sceptre,
^ync» thoughts distilling, from V vvhich
and *]yn to distil,
n
2Kn to pine, long. M::K."l longing,
desire. 2. with nj« foJlowing, to abomi-
nat?, detest.Der. Lat. tabeo. Eug tabes.
nKn to limit, bound. 2. to restrain,
prescribe. MH, C»cn, 'KH, n^»r\ a
chamber, 4. 1^?^ a species of deer or
troat, the oryx.
CNr. to be connected, cohere, embrace,
2. a^CI.Sn twins. S. ia hiph. to bring
forth twins, or to stand cli-se together,
Der. teem.
[Nfl ss p n. fern. ":»n a fig tree. D'iHn
a noun mas. plural, figs. Ezek. xxiv.
IC. labonrs, see ^l< 3,
"it^n to delineate, draw, mark ont. 2 as a
noun a shape, form, lineament.
2r\ Chald. to rctnrn, re-itore, 2. to answer.
nan see na 3. an ark.
San see, 73 5. 6. and it?3 8. a mixture.
pn to cnt. 1. n. itraw, chaff. 2. ^SHO a
place of shattering, threshing.
13 n Chald. to break,
"^"^n Chald. Kinn continuance,
nn or nnn confused, loose. 1. as a
noun, confasion, waste. 2. MD irregular,
nnformed. 3. vanity, a vain unprofitable
thing or idol.
cnn fee n?:n 6. abundance,
mn 1. to mark. 2. in a mark, gage, in
hiph. to challenge. 3- Chald. to tremble,
be amazed, terrified, astonished.
Cn see Ditn 2. twins,
in to cut, shake of Der. to toss.
tt^nn a badger or a colour (violet or sky
blue.)
nrn see nn2 4. 5.
t"n see \yn a he goat,
■jn in the midst, between, within, "j'ln
the midst, middle, inner .part. ]3*n,
rys^n, nrs^n middlemost. 2. -jin,
"]n concealed wickedness, deceit. S.
c:^»3n, a"D^n peacocks, "lan, D*33n
great, or repeated frauds.
Van, riT3n blue, azure, sky colour.
pn to diiect, regulate. 2. to regulate by
measure, weight, rule. Der. Greek 'J'^X^i
Eiig. technical.
Sn an elevation, elevated situation. 2. a
rninouj uninhabited heap. SiSn em"
mineoily, greatly elevated, heaps.
K7n, CN^n hanging, suspended, in
suspence.
^7*"* Chald. snow,
n^n to hane, hang up, suspend. 2. 'Sjn
a quiver. SnSn a cluster of dates, pen-
rtiiious, pendent, hanging down.
Drn to break or plough, a furrow,
ySn Arab, to break in pieces, a farrow.
y'Tn to split, cleave. 1. ,-^ySin, n;?bin
nybn a maggot. 2. J?S^n, nybin crim-
son colour. 3. niybno the grinders.
J)er. French tailler, Eng. tailor.
^|7n see pluriliterals.
nSn Chald. three. ]*nSn,n»n»Sn third
Cn to finish, make an end of, complete
perfect, sound. 2. O*0n Ibummlm,
r^rfections. S, to be fioitbed, to i^be'
HEBREW LEXICON.
"comnmed. fail. 4. nOh Chald. there.
J^nO^n very perfect, great perfection.
complete integrity,
non, n^On .cominuance, continual sue
non^to 'wonder, be astonialied, amazed,
2. ';inon. K»non wonders
ton Tammuz, the idol Adonis.
-jr^n to lay hold on. to hold, holQ up.
Son see pluriliterals, yesterday.
ntDn, mT»Dn up-i'-ht pilUrs. C. a palm-
tree. S.Tamar, a city built in the desert 4.
the name of several women. 5. lan,
Si?3 BaalTamvir, the name of a place m
Canaan. D^-nn^iH lofty piUairs or
columns. Bitternesses, see "^^^2 4.
n2n with ^ followiu?, to shriek, wail,
bewail 2. D'3n dmsons, a kind of
large serpents. 3. 13n« a gift, see
tna I. nn a large kind of serpents,
Jvhale orVrocodile, V^H^ see \nD 1
Chald. n2*2n second. nl2*3n secondly.
the second time,
^ninhith.tofail.l^inthetipoftheear.
-iSn fipe "\2 .-5. a furnace.
3j;ntoU.e. v.anseate. abominate. SVn.
abominable, nnyinau abomination.
nyn to err. uauder, go asuay. m hipl.
to seduce, cause to wander, njjm a
to senuce. «.nuav- — - . .
trick, deception. ynyD to wander great-
ly, repeatedly,
•^yn a cutiin? instrument, nzor pen-
Kttlfe 2: tue sheath or scubDard of a
swoid. Der. G reek Tf'^'- Eu?. to tc.r^
Rn to smite, strike, beat. 1. ^H, DS"
^ tabor, tabret. 2. nSD see HB
. example. 3. nnanToplietsc^nnD
rtSn to smite rope-.itedly. n SSt
beatin? on tabors, drumming. Der. tap.
nsn see nsa 7- a the ciiro.i.
San crude, undigested, insipid. 1. "'|
temptr.d mortur or plaster. 2. ms.p.d.
S. nndisested, i. e. inconsiderate, loolish
absurd' nVSH folly,
n&n to fasten, j"in together
HDH seeDS* 3. and n'"l9 1- 2- Chald.
«»nsn a kind of officers, magistrates,
bpn Chald. to weigh.
\pr\ to direct, correct, make even. 2, to set
* in order, compose. 3. Chald. bith. to be
established. Dcr. a token,
ypn to force, thrust, drive in. 2. to pitch,
fasten, nx (a tent). 3. to force, drive (a$
the wind. 4. f]2 V|3n to drive or clap
the bands). 6. n» or P\'2 y^n to strike
(h.mds), agree. D^yplH suretyship. 6.
n Vp!^ to blow (with a itrumpet).
f]pn to overpower, overbear, overcome,
itren^th, might. 2. Chald. to be strong,
Btrengthened, power, might. \»SVn
strong,
nn to CO round. nlH" a round, or range
2 . omn, *1ln rows, ranges of jewels
3. a turn, in order or succession. 4. 1ir
a turn, order, rank 5. to investigate
search,' explore, 6. D*">nK explorers
spies. 7. '^ and mn a turtle dove. 8
^^mn oxen, beeves. 9- ""1^ two.
nn see nn the pine,
nn a large bi<;h piece of timber. 2. a
obelisk. 3. the mast of a ship. De»
Or. 'S'p^'vo; L^t. throuus, Eng, a thront
Vn'n Chald. agate, door. H^^n porter
Jinn, B^B^n see nsn aXeraph.
Wnn see pluriliterals, Tarshish-
Wnn see piuiii'^c.a.o,
»yn, U^^n a he Koat kept for breedmg.
„U^n,nViyn, nyW nine-'V^^n ninel
nn infinitive of \^^ to give.
nnn a club. Der. a mattock
Kinn a close cloak or mantle, close 1
warmth.
nV3''n an armoury or place for hangi
II )» pdued weapons.
b:;n, Sl::n,*?'i?3nN yesterday Cjast cut o
j D'^n a sea dragon, a crocodile.
1 W>r\l^ to expound, exphii:. Der. Targi
1 U^'tt'in a chrysolite or topaz. 2. Tarsi
I the second son of Javan, who wa«
I fourth son of Japhet. 3. a place
TOn to lasicn, j"iii lu^^nnn-.. . Spain (now Cadiz).
«^sn to lay hold on, catch, 2. to lay bold ^^j^^^^ a censor, a governor.
on (handle). .3. to handle (play on). 4. to ^ ^^^^ Tartals, an Idol of the Avitee.
handle, (sfKly, explain). 5. to undertake , I
war. to take (in war} . G. to inclose.ovei lay.
THE END.
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