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 UNIVERSITY 
 
 OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 LOS ANGELES 
 
 SCHOOL OF LAW 
 LIBRARY
 
 RULES 
 
 lOB 
 
 ADMISSION TO THE BAK 
 
 IN THE SEVERAL STATES AND 
 
 TERRITORIES OF THE 
 
 UNITED STATES 
 
 IN FORCE JANUARY i, 1913 
 
 TOGETHER WITH THE CODE OF ETHICS ADOPTED 
 
 BY THE AMERICAN BAR ASSOCIATION 
 
 ANNOTATED TO CASES IN POINT 
 
 SEVENTH EDITION 
 
 St. Paul, Minn. 
 WEST PUBLISHING CO.
 
 
 '913
 
 Preface. 
 
 In setting forth the rules relating to admission to the bar 
 of the United States Courts and the Courts of the several 
 States and Territories, we have given the general require- 
 ments, rather than the forms prescribed in applying for ex- 
 amination and admission. 
 
 Reference is made in each instance to the publications in 
 which the rules are set forth in full. 
 
 In most states pamphlets containing complete rules, forms 
 to be used, etc., may be obtained from the clerk of court or 
 the secretary of the Board of Bar Examiners. 
 
 This edition includes valuable information in regard to the 
 local Reports of each State, and other law books, especially 
 valuable to the lawyer opening a new ofhce. 
 
 (iii)* 
 
 S3i95o
 
 Contents. 
 
 Recommendations of American Bar Association— Page 
 
 Respecting requitenients for admission to the bar xi 
 
 Code of Ethics- 
 Adopted by the American Bar Association xv 
 
 United States Courts- 
 Rules for admission 3 
 
 Reports of the Federal Courts 4 
 
 Alabama — 
 
 Rules for admission 6 
 
 Local reports S 
 
 Alaska — 
 
 Rules for admission 10 
 
 Local reports 11 
 
 Arizona — 
 
 Rules for admission 12 
 
 Local reports 14 
 
 Arkansas — 
 
 Rules for admissi :)n 15 
 
 Local reports l(j 
 
 California — 
 
 Rules for admission 17 
 
 Local reports 19 
 
 Colorado — 
 
 Rules for admission 20 
 
 Local reports 22 
 
 Connecticut- 
 Rules for admission 24 
 
 Local reports 27 
 
 Delaw^are— ■ 
 
 Rules for admission 2S 
 
 Local reports 21J 
 
 District of Columbia- 
 Rules for admission 31 
 
 Local reports 32 
 
 (V)
 
 VI CONTENTS. 
 
 Florida— Page 
 
 Rules for admission 34 
 
 Local reports o(J 
 
 Georgia — 
 
 Rules for adniissi ii 37 
 
 Local reports 40 
 
 Hawaii- 
 Rules for admission 41 
 
 Local reports 42 
 
 Idaho- 
 Rules for admission 43 
 
 Local reports 45 
 
 Illinois — 
 
 Rules for admission 4R 
 
 Local reports 49 
 
 Indiana — 
 
 Rules for admission 50 
 
 Local reports 50 
 
 Io\B'a — 
 
 Rules for admissi oi . . . .' 52 
 
 Local reports 54 
 
 Kansas^ 
 
 Rules for admission 55 
 
 Local reports 58 
 
 Kentucky- 
 Rules for admission 59 
 
 Local reports 60 
 
 Louisiana- 
 Rules for admission 62 
 
 Local reports 64 
 
 Maine — 
 
 Rules for admission 66 
 
 Local reports 68 
 
 Maryland- 
 Rules for admission 6!) 
 
 Local reports 71 
 
 Massachusetts — 
 
 Rules for admission 73 
 
 Local reports 76
 
 CONTENTS. Vll 
 
 Michigan^ Page 
 
 Rules for admission "i 8 
 
 Local reports 80 
 
 Minnesota- 
 Rules for ndmission 81 
 
 Local reports 84 
 
 Mississippi — 
 
 Rules lor admission 85 
 
 Local reports 86 
 
 Missouri- 
 Rules for admission 88 
 
 Local reports 91 
 
 Montana- 
 Rules for admission 92 
 
 Local reports 93 
 
 Nebraska- 
 Rules for admission 95 
 
 Local reports 97 
 
 Nevada — 
 
 Rules for admission 98 
 
 Local reports 99 
 
 THexir Hampshire- 
 Rules for admission 100 
 
 Local reports 101 
 
 "Sexir Jersey- 
 Rules for admission 103 
 
 Local reports 106 
 
 NexT Mezico— 
 
 Rules for admission 107 
 
 Local reports 109 
 
 'Ne\r York — 
 
 Rules for admission Ill 
 
 Local reports 114 
 
 North Carolina- 
 Rules for admission 116 
 
 Local reports 117 
 
 North Dakota — 
 
 Rules for ad mission 119 
 
 Local reports 121
 
 VIU CONTENTS. 
 
 Ohio— Page 
 
 Rules for admission 1^- 
 
 I.ocal reports 125 
 
 Oklahoma- 
 Rules for admission 1-" 
 
 Local reports 130 
 
 Oregon- 
 Rules for admission 131 
 
 Local reports 133 
 
 Pennsylvania — 
 
 Rules for admission 134 
 
 Local reports 137 
 
 Philippine Islands — 
 
 Rules for admission 130 
 
 Local reports 142 
 
 Porto Rico — 
 
 Rules for admission 143 
 
 Local reports 144 
 
 Rhode Island — 
 
 Rules for admission 145 
 
 Local reports 147 
 
 Sonth Carolina. — 
 
 Rules for admission 140 
 
 Local reports 151 
 
 Sonth Dakota — 
 
 Rules for admission 1 53 
 
 Local reports 155 
 
 Tennessee — 
 
 Rules for admission lo7 
 
 Local reports 158 
 
 Texas — 
 
 Rules for admission 160 
 
 Local reports 162 
 
 Utah- 
 Rules for admission 164 
 
 Local reports 165 
 
 Vermont — 
 
 Rules for admission 166 
 
 Local reports 169
 
 CONTENTS. IX 
 
 Virginia— Page 
 
 Rules for admission 170 
 
 Local reports 172 
 
 Washington — 
 
 Rules for aduiission 174 
 
 Local reports 177 
 
 ■West Virginia — 
 
 Rules for admission 17S 
 
 Local reports 180 
 
 Wisconsin- 
 Rules for admission 181 
 
 Local reports 183 
 
 ■Wyoming — 
 
 Rules for admission 185 
 
 Local reports 187 
 
 liaw Schools Listed by States 189 
 
 Reports and Digests — 
 
 Reports and Reporters 199 
 
 Digests of Reports 201 
 
 The Purpose of a Digest 203 
 
 A Key-Number Guide to All the Authorities 208 
 
 National Reporter System 213 
 
 American Digest System 216 
 
 The Science of Brief Making 217 
 
 The Hornbook Series 219 
 
 The Hornbook Case Series 225 
 
 Letters to a Young Law^yer 227 
 
 Owen's Lawr Quizzer 228 
 
 Black's Law Dictionary 230 
 
 Reporter Citations in Text-Books 232
 
 Recommendations 
 
 Of the Committee of the American Bar Association 
 on Standard Rules for Admission to the Bar. 
 
 In 1911 the Committee of the American Bar Association 
 on Standard Rules for Admission to the Bar recommended 
 the following provisions respecting uniform requirements for 
 admission to the bar. These recommendations were incorpo- 
 rated without change in the 1912 report of this committee, and 
 are here reprinted verbatim. 
 
 A. Examinations for admission to the bar should be con- 
 ducted in each state by a board appointed by the highest ap- 
 pellate court. 
 
 B. A law diploma should not entitle the holder to admis- 
 sion to the bar without examination by this board. 
 
 I. The candidate shall on admission be a citizen of the 
 United States. 
 
 II. He shall also be a citizen of the state in which he is 
 applying for admission, or prove that it is his intention per- 
 sonally to maintain an office therein for the practice of the 
 law. 
 
 III. Character credentials on application for admission 
 shall include the affidavits of three responsible citizens, two of 
 whom shall be members of the bar, and the affidavits shall set 
 forth how long a time, when, and under what circumstances 
 those making the same have known the candidate. 
 
 IV. The lawyer on admission shall be designated attorney 
 and counsellor, and not merely attorney. 
 
 (xi)
 
 Xll EECOMMENDATIONS OF AMERICAN BAB ASSOCIATION. 
 
 V. Three years' practice in states having substantially 
 equivalent requirements for admission to the bar shall be suf- 
 ficient in the case of lawyers from other jurisdictions applying 
 for admission on groimds of comity. 
 
 \T. There is no necessity for the insertion in the rules of 
 a reciprocal comity provision ; that is, of a proviso prohibiting 
 the admission of lawyers from other states on grounds of 
 comity, unless the state from which the lawyer comes extends 
 similar courtesies to lawyers from the bar of the state in 
 which the candidate is applying for admission. 
 
 VII. Students shall be officially registered at the com- 
 mencement of their course of preparation for the bar, upon 
 report of the state board as to fitness. The board's report shall 
 be based upon its inspection of the candidate's credentials es- 
 tablishing that he has passed the required academic examina- 
 tion. The registration shall be with the clerk of the highest 
 appellate court. A candidate removing from a jurisdiction 
 having similar standards for registration may have the regis- 
 tration transferred. Xunc pro tunc registration may be permit- 
 ted according to the present New York practice, which allows 
 such registration only when the candidate had the requisite 
 education at the date as of which he desires to be registered, 
 and in a case wdiere there has been no laches on his part. 
 
 VIII. No candidate shall be registered as a student at law 
 until he shall have passed the entrance examination to the 
 collegiate department of the State University of the candi- 
 date's state or of such college as may be approved by the State 
 Board of Law Examiners, or an examination equivalent there- 
 to conducted by authority of the state. 
 
 IX. Proof of moral character shall be required as a pre- 
 requisite to registration.
 
 RECOMMENDATIONS OF AMERICAN BAR ASSOCIATION. Xlll 
 
 X. Student candidates for admission to the bar, in order 
 to be eligible for the examination for admission shall have 
 studied either in an approved law school or bona fide served 
 a regular clerkship in the office of a practicing attorney during 
 the required period of preparation. 
 
 XI. X^o student candidate shall be eligible for admission 
 to the bar until he shall have devoted four years in preparing 
 for call to the bar, either by the service of a four years' clerk- 
 ship in an approved law office or three full years in an ap- 
 proved law school, followed by one year of clerkship in an 
 approved law office ; provided, however, that the fourth year 
 may be passed in an approved law school in postgraduate 
 work, including procedure and practice. 
 
 XII. Candidates for admission shall preseftt themselves 
 prepared for examination in the following subjects: Constitu- 
 tional law, including the constitutions of the United States 
 
 and (the candidate's state), equity, the law of real and 
 
 personal property, evidence, decedents' estates, landlord and 
 tenant, mortgages, contracts, partnership, corporations, crimes, 
 torts, agency, sales, negotiable instruments, domestic relations, 
 common law pleading and practice, federal and state practice, 
 conflict of law, professional ethics, the federal statutes relat- 
 ing to the judiciary and to bankruptcy, and the development 
 
 in (the candidate's state) of the principles of the law, 
 
 as exemplified by the decisions of its highest appellate court 
 and by statutory enactments. 
 
 XIII. Names of all candidates for admission should be 
 published by the board for three days in succession, at least 
 ten days before the examination, in a newspaper of general 
 circulation throughout the state, and for four weeks in a law 
 periodical, should there be one within the state jurisdiction.
 
 XIV RECOMMENDATIONS OF AMERICAN BAR ASSOCIATION. 
 
 A similar publication should be made of the names of the can- 
 didates passed at the examination and at least ten days be- 
 fore the state board's certificates are issued to the candidates. 
 
 XIV. From the examination fees received the members 
 of the state board shall receive such compensation as the high- 
 est appellate court of the state may from time to time by order 
 direct. 
 
 XV. The fee for examination for admission shall be ^25, 
 and for passing up registration credentials in the matter of 
 general educational qualifications, $5. 
 
 XVI. The State Board shall consist of five members of 
 the bar, no one of whom shall receive student candidates in his 
 ofiice in preparation for call to the bar, or be connected with 
 the faculty of governing body of any law school presenting 
 candidates for admission.
 
 Code of Ethics 
 
 Adopted by American Bar Association 
 Annotated to Cases in Point 
 
 1. The Duty of the liawyer to the Conrts. 
 
 It is the duty of the lawyer to maintain towards the Courts 
 a respectful attitude, not for the sake of the temporary incum- 
 bent of the judicial office, but for the maintenance of its su- 
 preme importance. Judges, not being wholly free to defend 
 themselves, are peculiarly entitled to receive the support of the 
 Bar against unjust criticism and clamor. Whenever there is 
 proper ground for serious complaint of a judicial officer, it 
 is the right and duty of the lawyer to submit his grievances 
 to the proper authorities. In such cases, but not otherwise, 
 such charges should be encouraged and the person making 
 them should be protected. 
 
 Annot. 
 
 Attacking or criticising court as ground for disbarment, see Attor- 
 ney and Client, Cent. Dig. §§ 59, 60; Dec. Dig. § 4.3. 
 
 Attacking or criticising court as constituting contempt, see Con- 
 tempt, Cent. Dig. §§ 6-10 ; Dec. Dig. § 6. 
 
 Suspension or removal of .judge and liability of judge for oflicial 
 acts, see Judges, Cent. Dig. §§ 42-4.5, 165-180 ; Dec. Dig. S§ 11, 36, 37. 
 
 Remarks and conduct of judge on trial of case in general, see 
 Criminal Law, Cent. Dig. §§ 1520-1535; Dec. Dig. §§ 654-658; Trial. 
 Cent. Dig. §§ 80-84 ; Dec. Dig. § 29. 
 
 2. The Selection of Judges. 
 
 It is the duty of the Bar to endeavor to prevent political 
 considerations from out-weighing judicial fitness in the selec- 
 tion of Judges. It should protest earnestly and actively 
 against the appointment or election of those who are unsuita- 
 ble for the Bench ; and it should strive to have elevated there- 
 
 (XV)
 
 XVI CODE OF ETHICS. 
 
 to only those willing to forego other employments, whether 
 of a business, political or other character, which may embar- 
 rass their free and fair consideration of questions before them 
 for decision. The aspiration of lawyers for judicial position 
 should be governed by an impartial estimate of their ability 
 to add honor to the office and not by a desire for the distinc- 
 tion the position may bring to themselves. 
 
 Annot. 
 
 Ap))()intiueut, eligibility, and qualification of judges, see Judges, 
 Cent. Dig. §§ 1-2.3 : Dec. Dig. §§ 1-5. 
 
 3. Attempts to Exert Personal Influence on the Court. 
 
 Marked attention and unusual hospitality on the part of 
 a lawyer to a Judge, uncalled for by the personal relations of 
 the parties, subject both the Judge and the lawyer to mis- 
 constructions of motive and should be avoided. A lawyer 
 should not communicate or argue privately with the Judge as 
 to the merits of a pending cause, and he deserves rebuke and 
 denunciation for any device or attempt to gain from a Judge 
 special personal consideration or favor. A self-respecting in- 
 dependence in the discharge of professional duty, without de- 
 nial or diminution of the courtesy and respect due the Judge's 
 station, is the only proper foundation for cordial personal and 
 official relations between Bench and Bar. 
 
 Aiiuot. 
 
 Attempting to influence court as constituting contempt justifying 
 disbarment of attorney, see Attorney and Client, Cent. Dig. § 60. 
 
 4. "When Counsel for an Indigent Prisoner. 
 
 A lawyer assigned as counsel for an indigent prisoner ought 
 not to ask to be excused for any trivial reason, and should al- 
 ways exert his best efforts in his behalf. 
 
 Aiinot. 
 
 Assignment as counsel by tbe court, and skill and care required of 
 attorney, see Attorney and Client, Cent. Dig. §§ 31. 218: Dec. Dig. § 
 23 ; Criminal Law. Cent. Dig. §§ IoOO-I.jO.j ; Dec. Dig. § G41.
 
 CODE OF ETHICS. XVU 
 
 5. The Defense or Prosecution of Those Accused of Crime. 
 
 It is the right of the lawyer to undertake the defense of a 
 person accused of crime, regardless of his personal opinion 
 as to the guilt of the accused ; other-wise innocent persons, vic- 
 tims only of suspicious circumstances, might be denied proper 
 defense. Having undertaken such defense, the lawyer is 
 bound by all fair and honorable means, to present every de- 
 fense that the law of the land permits, to the end that no per- 
 son may be deprived of life or liberty, but by due process of 
 law. 
 
 The primary duty of a lawyer engaged in public prosecution 
 is not to convict, but to see that justice is done. The sup- 
 pression of facts or the secreting of witnesses capable of es- 
 tablishing the innocence of the accused is highly reprehensible. 
 
 Annot. 
 
 Defense of criminal in general, see Attorney and Client, Cent. Dig. 
 §§ 31, 218; Dec. Dig. § 23; Criminal Law, Cent. Dig. §§ 1496-1506, 
 Dec. Dig. § 641. 
 
 Misconduct of counsel, ground for new trial, see Criminal Law, 
 Cent. Dig. §§ 2197-2201 ; Dec. Dig. § 919. 
 
 Functions of office and powers and duties of prosecuting attorneys, 
 see District and Prosecuting Attorneys, Cent. Dig. §§ 1, 34-37 ; Dec. 
 Dig. §§ 1, 8, 9. 
 
 6. Adverse Influences and Conflicting Interests. 
 
 It is the duty of a lawyer at the time of retainer to disclose 
 to the client all the circumstances of his relations to the par- 
 ties, and any interest in or connection with the controversy, 
 which might influence the client in the selection of counsel. 
 
 It is unprofessional to represent conflicting interests, except 
 by express consent of all concerned given after a full disclos- 
 ure of the facts. Within the meaning of this canon, a lawyer 
 represents conflicting interests when, in behalf of one client, 
 it is his duty to contend for that which duty to another cli- 
 ent requires him to oppose. 
 
 The obligation to represent the client with undivided fideli- 
 ty and not to divulge his secrets or confidences forbids also 
 b
 
 XVIU CODE OF ETHICS. 
 
 the subsequent acceptance of retainers or employment from 
 others in matters adversely affecting any interest of the client 
 with respect to which confidence has been reposed. 
 
 Annot. 
 
 Acting for adverse parties in different capacities or receiving coni- 
 peusation from adverse party, see Attorney and Client, Cent. Dig. §.§ 
 27-30, 208, 229, 307; Dec. Dig. §§ 19-22, 113, 130. 
 
 7. Professional Colleagues and Conflicts of Opinion. 
 
 A client's proffer of assistance of additional counsel should 
 not be regarded as evidence of want of confidence, but the 
 matter should be left to the determination of the client. A 
 lawyer should decline association as colleague if it is objec- 
 tionable to the original counsel, but if the lawyer first retain- 
 ed is relieved, another may come into the case. 
 
 When lawyers jointly associated in a cause cannot agree as 
 to ajiy matter vital to the interest of the client, the conflict of 
 opinion should be frankly stated to him for his final determi- 
 nation. His decision should be accepted unless the nature of 
 the difference makes it impracticable for the lawyer whose 
 judgment has been overruled to co-operate effectively. In 
 this event it is his duty to ask the client to relieve him. 
 
 Efforts, direct or indirect, in any way to encroach upon the 
 business of another lawyer, are unworthy of those who should 
 be brethren at the Bar ; but, nevertheless, it is the right of any 
 lawyer, without fear or favor, to give proper advice to those 
 seeking relief against unfaithful or neglectful counsel, gen- 
 erally after communication with the lawyer of whom the com- 
 plaint is made. 
 
 Annot. 
 
 Change and substitution of attorneys, see Attorney and CHeut, Cent. 
 Dig. §§ 110-131 ; Dec. Dig. §§ 75, 76. 
 
 8. Advising Upon tlie Merits of a Client's Cause. 
 
 A lawyer should endeavor to obtain full knowledge of his 
 client's cause before advising thereon, and he is bound to give
 
 CODE OF ETHICS. XIX 
 
 a candid opinion of the merits and probable result of pending 
 or contemplated litigation. The miscarriages to which justice 
 is subject, by reason of surprises and disappointments in evi- 
 dence and witnesses, and through jnistakes of juries and er- 
 rors of Courts, even though only occasional, admonish law- 
 yers to beware of bold and confident assurances to clients, es- 
 pecially where the employment may depend upon such assur- 
 ance. Whenever the controversy will admit of fair adjust- 
 ment, the client should be advised to avoid or to end the liti- 
 gation. 
 
 Auiiot. 
 
 Negligence of attorney in advising client, see Attorney and Client. 
 Cent Dig. §§ 221, 222 ; Dec. Dig. § 109. 
 
 9. Negotiations 'With Opposite Party. 
 
 A lawyer should not in any way communicate upon the sub- 
 ject of controversy with a party represented by counsel; much 
 less should he undertake to negotiate or compromise the mat- 
 ter with him, but should deal only with his counsel. It is in- 
 cumbent upon the lawyer most particularly to avoid every- 
 thing that may tend to mislead a party not represented bv 
 counsel, and he should not undertake to advise him as to 
 the law. 
 
 Annot. 
 
 Duties and liabilities of attorney to adverse parties and third per- 
 sons, see Attorney and Client, Cent. Dig. §§ 38, 39, 61 ; Dec. Dig. §§ 
 26, 38. 
 
 10. Acquiring Interest in Litigation. 
 
 The lawyer should not purchase any interest in the subject- 
 matter of the litigation which he is conducting. 
 
 Annot. 
 
 Right of attorney to purchase demands for suit, and effect thereof 
 as ground for disbarment, see Attorney and Client, Cent. Dig. §§ 26, 
 ni, 239-263 ; Dec. Dig. §§ 18, 38. 122-12.-.. 
 
 Chanipertons agreements, see Champerty and Maintenance, Cent. 
 Dig. §§ 36-44, 47-51 ; Dec. Dig. § .5 (6, 8).
 
 XX CODE OF ETHICS. 
 
 11. Dealing With Trust Property. 
 
 Money of the client or other trust property coming into the 
 possession of the lawyer should be reported promptly, and 
 except with the client's knowledge and consent should not be 
 commingled with his private property or be used by him. 
 
 Annot. 
 
 Authority of attorney as to disposition of client's money or other 
 property, see Attorney and Client. Cent. Dig. § 143 : Dec. Dig. § 80. 
 
 Accounting and payment to client, see Attorney and Client, Cent. 
 Dig. §§ 232-238 ; Dec. Dig. §§ 116-121. 
 
 12. Fixing the Amount of the Fee. 
 
 In fixing fees, lawyers should avoid charges which overes- 
 timate their advice and services, as well as those which un- 
 dervalue them. A client's ability to pay cannot justify a 
 charge in excess of the value of the service, though his pover- 
 ty may require a less charge, or even none at all. The rea- 
 sonable requests of brother lawyers, and of their widows and 
 orphans without ample means, should receive special and kind- 
 ly consideration. 
 
 In determining the amount of the fee, it is proper to con- 
 sider: (1) the time and labor required, the novelty and dif- 
 ficulty of the questions involved and the skill requisite proper- 
 ly to conduct the cause ; (2) whether the acceptance of em- 
 ployment in the particular case will preclude the lawyer's ap- 
 pearance for others in cases likely to arise out of the trans- 
 action, and in which there is a reasonable expectation that 
 otherwise he would be employed, or will involve the loss of 
 other business while employed in the particular case or antago- 
 nisms with other clients; (3) the customary charges of the 
 Bar for similar services; (4) the amount involved in the con- 
 troversy and the benefits resulting to the client from the serv- 
 ices ; (5) the contingency or the certainty of the compensa- 
 tion ; and (6) the character of the employment, whether casual 
 or for an established and constant client. No one of these
 
 CODE OF ETHICS. XXI 
 
 considerations in itself is controlling. They are mere guides 
 in ascertaining the real value of the service. 
 
 In fixing fees it should never be forgotten that the profes- 
 sion is a branch of the administration of justice and not a mere 
 money-getting trade. 
 
 Annot. 
 
 Right of attoruey to compensation, contracts therefor and value and 
 amount thereof, see Attorney and Client, Cent. Dig. §§ 292-350; Dec. 
 Dig. §§ 130-145, 151, 152, 154, 155. 
 
 13. Contingent Fees. 
 
 Contingent fees, where sanctioned by law, should be under 
 the supervision of the Court, in order that clients may be pro- 
 tected from unjust charges. 
 
 Aunot. 
 
 Validity and effect of agreement for contingent fee, see Attorney 
 and Client, Cent Dig. §§ 351-357 ; Dec. Dig. §§ 14&-150. 
 
 Agreement for contingent fee as constituting champerty, see Cham- 
 perty and Maintenance, Cent. Dig. §§ 22-51 ; Dec. Dig. § 5. 
 
 14. Sning a Client for a Fee. 
 
 Controversies with clients concerning compensation are to 
 be avoided by the lawyer so far as shall be compatible with 
 his self-respect and with his right to receive reasonable rec- 
 ompense for his services ; and lawsuits with clients should be 
 resorted to only to prevent injustice, imposition or fraud. 
 
 Aunot. 
 
 Right of action for fees, defenses and practice, see Attoruey and 
 Client, Cent. Dig. §§ 358-377 ; Dec. Dig. §§ 157-169. 
 
 15. Hoxir Far a Laivyer May Go in Supporting a Client's Cause. 
 
 Nothing operates more certainly to create or to foster popu- 
 lar prejudice against lawyers as a class, and to deprive the pro- 
 fession of that full measure of public esteem and confidence 
 which belongs to the proper discharge of its duties than does 
 the false claim, often set up by the tmscrupulous in defense 
 of questionable transactions, that it is the duty of the law- 
 yer to do whatever may enable him to succeed in winning his 
 client's cause.
 
 XXU CODE OF ETHICS. 
 
 It is improper for a lawyer to assert in argument his person- 
 al belief in his client's innocence or in the justice of his cause. 
 
 The lawyer owes "entire devotion to the interest of the cli- 
 ent, warm zeal in the maintenance and defense of his rights 
 and the exertion of his utmost learning and ability," to the 
 end that nothing be taken or be withheld from him, save by 
 the rules of law, legally applied. No fear of judicial disfavor 
 or public unpopularity should restrain him from the full dis- 
 charge of his duty. In the judicial forum the client is enti- 
 tled to the benefit of any and every remedy and defense that 
 is authorized by the law of the land, and he may expect his 
 lawyer to assert every such remedy or defense. But it is 
 steadfastly to be borne in mind that the great trust of the 
 lawyer is to be performed within and not without the bounds 
 of the law. The office of attorney does not permit, much less 
 does it demand of him for any client, violation of law or any 
 manner of fraud or chicane. He must obey his own con- 
 science and not that of his client. 
 
 Annot. 
 
 Nature of office of attorney aud duty to follow client's instructions, 
 see Attorney and Client, Cent. Dig. §§ 21, 220 ; Dec. Dig. §§ 14, 108. 
 
 Argument and conduct of counsel, see Criminal Law, Cent. Dig. §§ 
 165.J-1693 : Dec. Dig. §§ 699-730 ; Trial, Cent. Dig. §§ 267-316 ; Dec. 
 Dig. §§ 106-133. 
 
 16. Restraining Clients from Improprieties. 
 
 A lawyer should use his best efforts to restrain and to pre- 
 vent his clients from doing those things which the lawyer him- 
 self ought not to do, particularly with reference to their con- 
 duct towards Courts, judicial officers, jurors, witnesses and 
 suitors. If a client persists in such wrong-doing the lawyer 
 should terminate their relation. 
 
 Annot. 
 
 Termination of relation by withdrawal of attorney, see Attorney 
 and Client, Cent. Dig. § 121 ; Dec. Dig. § 76 (1).
 
 CODE OF ETHICS. XXlll 
 
 17. Ill Feeling and Personalities Between Advocates. 
 
 Clients, not lawyers, are the litigants. Whatever may be 
 the ill feeling existing between clients, it should not be allow- 
 ed to influence counsel in their conduct and demeanor toward 
 each other or toward suitors in the case. All personalities 
 between counsel should be scrupulously avoided. In the trial 
 of a cause it is indecent to allude to the personal history or 
 the personal peculiarities and idiosyncrasies of counsel on the 
 other side. Personal colloquies between counsel which cause 
 delay and promote unseemly wrangling should also be care- 
 fully avoided. 
 
 Annot. 
 
 Conduct toward other attorneys, ground for disbarment, see Attor- 
 ney and Client, Cent. Dig. § 61 ; Dec. Dig. § 38. 
 
 Use of abusive language and I'etaliatory statements and remarks 
 by attorneys, see Trial, Cent. Dig. §§ 308, 310; Dec. Dig. §§ 126, 129. 
 
 18. Treatment of AVitnesses and Litigants. 
 
 A lawyer should always treat adverse witnesses and suitors 
 with fairness and due consideration, and he should never min- 
 ister to the malevolence or prejudices of a client in the trial 
 or conduct of a cause. The client cannot be made the keeper 
 of the lawyer's conscience in professional matters. He has no 
 right to demand that his counsel shall abuse the opposite party 
 or indulge in offensive personalities. Improper speech is not 
 excusable on the ground that it is what the client would say 
 if speaking in his own behalf. 
 
 Annot. 
 
 Duties and liabilities to adverse parties and to third persons, see 
 Attorney and Client, Cent. Dig. § 38 ; Dec. Dig. § 2G. 
 
 Use of abusive language and retaliatory statements or remarks, see 
 Trial, Cent. Dig. §§ 308, 310 ; Dec. Dig. §§ 120, lliO. 
 
 19. Appearance of "LsLwyer as Witness for His Client. 
 
 When a lawyer is a witness for his client, except as to mere- 
 ly formal matters, such as the attestation or custody of an in- 
 strument and the like, he should leave the trial of the case to
 
 XXIV CODE OF ETHICS. 
 
 Other counsel. Except when essential to the ends of justice, 
 a lawyer should avoid testifying in Court in behalf of his 
 client. 
 
 Aunot. 
 
 Competency of attorneys as witnesses, see Witnesses, Cent. Dig. §§ 
 79, 121-123 ; Dec. Dig. § 67. 
 
 20. Newspaper Discussion of Pending Litigation. 
 
 Newspaper publications by a lawyer as to pending or an- 
 ticipated litigation may interfere with a fair trial in the Courts 
 and otherwise prejudice the due administration of justice. 
 Generally they are to be condemned. If the extreme circum- 
 stances of a particular case justify a statement to the public, 
 it is unprofessional to make it anonymously. An ex parte 
 reference to the facts should not go beyond quotation from the 
 records and papers on file in the Court; but even in extreme 
 cases it is better to avoid any ex parte statement. 
 
 Annot. 
 
 Publications relating to pending proceedings as constituting con- 
 tempt, see Contempt. Cent. Dig. §§ 13, 16 ; Dec. Dig. § 9. 
 
 21. Punctuality and Expedition. 
 
 It is the duty of the lawyer not only to his client, but also 
 to the Courts and to the public, to be punctual in attendance, 
 and to be concise and direct in the trial and disposition of 
 causes. 
 
 Annot. 
 
 Absence of counsel as ground for continuance, see Continuance, 
 Cent. Dig. § 51: Dec. Dig. § 20; Criminal Law, Cent. Dig. §§ 1313, 
 1320; Dec. Dig. §§ 587. 593. 
 
 Absence of counsel as ground for new trial, see Criminal Law, Cent. 
 Dig. § 2205 ; Dec. Dig. § 920 ; New Trial, Cent. Dig. §§ 173, 174 ; Dec 
 Dig. § 87. 
 
 22. Candor and Fairness. 
 
 The conduct of the lawyer before the Court and with other 
 lawyers should be characterized by candor and fairness. 
 
 It is not candid or fair for the lawyer knowingly to mis- 
 quote the contents of a paper, the testimony of a witness, the
 
 CODE OF ETHICS. XXV 
 
 language or the argument of opposing counsel, or the language 
 of a decision or a text-book ; or with knowledge of its invalid- 
 ity, to cite as authority a decision that has been overruled, or 
 a statute that has been repealed; or in argument to assert as 
 a fact that which has not been proved, or in those jurisdic- 
 tions where a side has the opening and closing arguments to 
 mislead his opponent by concealing or withholding positions 
 in his opening argument upon which his side then intends to 
 rely. 
 
 It is unprofessional and dishonorable to deal other than 
 candidly with the facts in taking the statements of witnesses, 
 in drawing affidavits and other documents, and in the presen- 
 tation of causes. 
 
 A lawyer should not offer evidence, which he knows the 
 Court should reject, in order to get the same before the jury 
 by argument for its admissibility, nor should he address to 
 the Judge arguments upon any point not properly calling for 
 determination by him. Neither should he introduce into an ar- 
 gument, addressed to the Court, remarks or statements in- 
 tended to influence the jury or bystanders. 
 
 These and all kindred practices are unprofessional and un- 
 worthy of an officer of the law charged, as is the lawyer, with 
 the duty of aiding in the administration of justice. 
 
 Annot. 
 
 Argument and conduct of counsel in general, see Criminal Law, 
 Cent. Dig. §§ 165.5-1693; Dec. Dig. §§ 699-730; Trial, Cent. Dig. §§ 
 207-30J); Dec. Dig. §§ 106-133. 
 
 Ilegulation of professional conduct of attorneys and conduct ground 
 for disbarment, see Attorney and Client, Cent. Dig. §§ 45, 51, 53, 54, 
 61 ; Dec. Dig. §§ .32, 38, 41. 42. 
 
 Conduct constituting contempt, see Contempt, Cent. Dig. § 21 ; Dec. 
 Dig. § 10. 
 
 23. Attitude Toward Jury. 
 
 All attempts to curry favor with juries by fawning, flattery 
 or pretended solicitude for their personal comfort are unpro-
 
 XXVI CODE OF ETHICS. 
 
 fessional. Suggestions of counsel, looking to the comfort or 
 convenience of jurors, and propositions to dispense with argu- 
 ment, should be made to the Court out of the jury's hearing. 
 A lawyer must never converse privately with jurors about the 
 case ; and both before and during the trial he should avoid 
 communicating with them, even as to matters foreign to the 
 cause. 
 
 Annot. 
 
 Argument and conduct of counsel in general, see Criminal Law, 
 Cent. Dig. §§ 16.-5.5-1G87 : Dec. Dig. §§ 699-726 ; Trial, Cent. Dig. §§ 267- 
 310. 729 ; Dec. Dig. §§ 108-133, 30-5. 
 
 Argument and conduct ground for new trial, see Criminal Law, 
 Cent. Dig. §§ 2197-2201. 22.j5. 2265; Dec. Dig. §§ 919, 932; New Trial, 
 Cent. Dig. §§ 43, 44, 92, 97-99 ; Dec. Dig. §§ 29, 47, 49. 
 
 24. Rigbt of I<anryer to Control the Incidents of the Trial. 
 
 As to incidental matters pending the trial, not affecting the 
 merits of the cause, or working substantial prejudice to the 
 rights of the client, such as forcing the opposite lawyer to 
 trial when he is under affliction or bereavement; forcing the 
 trial on a particular day to the injury of the opposite lawyer 
 when no harm will result from a trial at a different time; 
 agreeing to an extension of time for signing a bill of excep- 
 tions, cross-interrogatories and the like, the lawyer must be 
 allowed to judge. In such matters no client has a right to de- 
 mand that his counsel shall be illiberal, or that he do anything 
 therein repugnant to his own sense of honor and propriety. 
 
 Annot. 
 
 Authority of attorney as to conduct of litigation, see Attorney and 
 Client, Cent. Dig. §§ 161-189; Dec. Dig. §§ 87-96. 
 
 Duty of attorney to follow instructions of client, see Attorney and 
 Client, Cent. Dig. § 220; Dec. Dig. § 108. 
 
 25. Taking Technical Advantage of Opposite Counsel — Agree- 
 
 ments With Him. 
 
 A lawyer should not ignore known customs or practice of 
 the Bar or of a particular Court, even when the law permits, 
 without giving timely notice to the opposing counsel. As far
 
 CODE OF ETHICS. XXVll 
 
 as possible, important agreements, affecting the rights of cli- 
 ents, should be reduced to writing; but it is dishonorable to 
 avoid performance of an agreement fairly made because it 
 is not reduced to writing, as required by rules of Court. 
 
 Annot. 
 
 Binding effect of agreements between counsel, see Attorney and 
 Client, Cent. Dig. § 171. 
 
 Validity of oral stipulations, see Stipulations, Cent. Dig. §§ 5-13, 
 63 ; Dec. Dig. §§ 6, 19. 
 
 26. Professional Advocacy Other Than Before Courts. 
 
 A lawyer openly and in his true character may render 
 professional services before legislative or other bodies, re- 
 garding proposed legislation and in advocacy of claims be- 
 fore departments of government, upon the same principles of 
 ethics which justify his appearance before the Courts ; but 
 it is unprofessional for a lawyer so engaged to conceal his at- 
 torneyship, or, to employ secret personal solicitations, or to 
 use means other than those addressed to the reason and under- 
 standing to influence action. 
 
 Annot. 
 
 Validity of lobbying contracts, see Contracts, Cent. Dig. §§ 587-589 : 
 Dec. Dig. § 126. 
 
 27. Advertising, Direct or Indirect. 
 
 The most worthy and effective advertisement possible, even 
 for a young lawyer, and especially with his brother lawyers, 
 is the establishment of a well-merited reputation for profes- 
 sional capacity and fidelity to trust. This cannot be forced, 
 but must be the outcome of character and conduct. The pub- 
 lication or circulation of ordinary simple business cards, be- 
 ing a matter of personal taste or local custom, and sometimes 
 of convenience, is not per se improper. But solicitation of 
 business by circulars or advertisements, or by personal com- 
 munications or interviews, not warranted by personal rela- 
 tions, is unprofessional. It is equally unprofessional to pro-
 
 XXVIU CODE OF ETHICS. 
 
 cure business by indirection through touters of any kind, 
 whether allied real estate firms or trust companies advertising 
 to secure the drawing of deeds or wills or offering retainers 
 in exchange for executorships or trusteeships to be influenced 
 by the lawyer. Indirect advertisement for business by furnish- 
 ing or inspiring newspaper comments concerning causes in 
 which the lawyer has been or is engaged, or concerning the 
 manner of their conduct, the magnitude of the interests in- 
 volved, the importance of the lawyer's positions, and all other 
 like self-laudation, defy the traditions and lower the tone of 
 our high calling, and are intolerable. 
 
 An not. 
 
 Advertising to secure divorces as ground for disbarment, see Attor- 
 ney and Client, Cent. Dig. § 51 ; Dec. Dig. § 38. 
 
 28. Stirring up Litigation, Directly or Through Agents. 
 
 It is unprofessional for a lawyer to volunteer advice to bring 
 a lawsuit, except in rare cases where ties of blood, relationship 
 or trust make it his duty to do so. Stirring up strife and liti- 
 gation is not only unprofessional, but it is indictable at com- 
 mon law. It is disreputable to hunt up defects in titles or oth- 
 er causes of action and inform thereof in order to be employed 
 to bring suit, or to breed litigation by seeking out those with 
 claims for personal injuries or those having any other grounds 
 of action in order to secure them as clients, or to employ 
 agents or runners for like purposes, or to pay or reward, di- 
 rectly or indirectly, those who bring or influence the bring- 
 ing of such cases to his office, or to remunerate policemen, 
 court or prison officials, physicians, hospital attaches or others 
 who may succeed, under the guise of giving disinterested 
 friendly advice, in influencing the criminal, the sick and the 
 injured, the ignorant or others, to seek his professional serv- 
 ices. A duty to the public and to the profession devolves up- 
 on every member of the Bar, having knowledge of such prac-
 
 CODE OF ETHICS. XXIX 
 
 tices upon the part of any practitioner, immediately to inform 
 thereof to the end that the offender may be disbarred, 
 
 Annot. 
 
 Stirring up litigation and other unprofessional conduct, ground for 
 disbarment, see Attorney and Client, Cent. Dig. §§ 47-84 ; Dec. Dig. §§ 
 
 34r-61. 
 
 Barratry in general, see Champerty and Maintenance, Cent. Dig. §§ 
 1-51 ; Dec. Dig. §§ 1-6. 
 
 29. Upholding the Honor of the Profession. 
 
 Lawyers should expose without fear or favor before the 
 proper tribunals corrupt or dishonest conduct in the profes- 
 sion, and should accept without hesitation employment against 
 a member of the Bar who has wronged his client. The coun- 
 sel upon the trial of a cause in which perjury has been com- 
 mitted owe it to the profession and to the public to bring the 
 matter to the knowledge of the prosecuting authorities. The 
 lawyer should aid in guarding the Bar against the admission 
 to the profession of candidates unfit or unqualified because de- 
 ficient in either moral character or education. He should 
 strive at all times to uphold the honor and to maintain the 
 dignity of the profession and to improve not only the law but 
 the administration of justice. 
 
 Annot. 
 
 Learning and good character as necessary qualifications for admis- 
 sion to practice law, see Attorney and Client, Cent. Dig. §§ 4, 5 ; Dec. 
 Dig. § 4. 
 
 Right of attorney to institute disbarment proceedings against broth- 
 er attorney, see Attorney and Client, Cent. Dig. § 67 ; Dec. Dig. § 51. 
 
 30. Justifiable and Unjustifiable Litigations. 
 
 The lawyer must decline to conduct a civil cause or to make 
 a defense when convinced that it is intended merely to harass 
 or to injure the opposite party or to work oppression or wrong. 
 But otherwise it is his right, and, having accepted retainer, 
 it becomes his duty to insist upon the judgment of the Court 
 as to the legal merits of his client's claim. His appearance in 
 Court should be deemed equiva'ont to an assertion on his hon-
 
 XXX CODE OF ETHICS. 
 
 or that in his opinion his client's case is one proper for judicial 
 determination. 
 
 An not. 
 
 Nature and extent of attorney's duty as to bringing, defending, or 
 conducting civil causes, see Attorney and Client, Cent. Dig. §§ 217, 
 220 ; Dec. Dig. §§ 106. 108. 
 
 Bringing fictitious or unauthorized action as constituting contempt, 
 see Contempt, Cent. Dig. § 24. 
 
 31. Responsibility for Litigation. 
 
 No lawyer is obliged to act either as adviser or advocate for 
 every person who may wish to become his client. He has the 
 right to decline employment. Every lawyer upon his own 
 responsibility must decide what business he will accept as 
 counsel, what causes he will bring into Court for plaintififs. 
 what cases he will contest in Court for defendants. The re- 
 sponsibility for advising questionable transactions, for bring- 
 ing questionable suits, for urging questionable defenses, is the 
 lawyer's responsibility. He cannot escape it by urging as an 
 excuse that he is only following his client's instructions. 
 
 Aniiot. 
 
 Duties and liabilities of attorney to adverse party and third per- 
 sons, and instructions of client as excuse for conduct, see Attorney 
 and Client, Cent. Dig. §§ 38, 39, 220 ; Dec. Dig. §§ 26, 108. 
 
 Nature of attorney's duty, and skill and care required in conduct of 
 business, see Attorney and Client, Cent. Dig. §§ 217, 218; Dec. Dig. §§ 
 106, 107. 
 
 32. The Lawyer's Duty in Its Last Analysis. 
 
 Xo client, corporate or individual, however powerful, nor 
 any cause, civil or political, however important, is entitled to 
 receive, nor should any lawyer render, any service or advice 
 involving disloyalty to the law whose ministers we are, or dis- 
 respect of the judicial office, which we are bound to uphold, 
 or corruption of any person or persons exercising a public 
 office or private trust, or deception or betrayal of the public. 
 When rendering any such improper service or advice, the law- 
 yer invites and merits stern and just condemnation. Corre-
 
 CODE OP ETHICS. XXXi 
 
 spondingly, he advances the honor of his profession and the 
 best interests of his dient when he renders service or gives 
 advice tending to impress upon the client and his undertaking 
 exact compliance with the strictest principles of moral law. 
 He must also observe and advise his client to observe the stat- 
 ute law, though until a statute shall have been construed and 
 interpreted by competent adjudication, he is free and is enti- 
 tled to advise as to its validity and as to what he conscien- 
 tiously believes to be its just meaning and extent. But above 
 all a lawyer will find his highest honor in a deserved reputa- 
 tion for fidelity to private trust and to public duty, as an hon- 
 est man and as a patriotic and loyal citizen. 
 
 Annot. 
 
 Duties, privileges, disabilities, and liabilities of attorneys in gen- 
 eral, see Attorney and Client, Cent. Dig. §§ 21, 26-29. 217-291 ; Dec. 
 Dig. §§ 18-21, 106-129. 
 
 Acting under advice of counsel as defense to contempt charge, see 
 Contempt, Cent. Dig. § 82 ; Dec. Dig. § 28 (2).
 
 RULES 
 
 FOR 
 
 ADMISSION TO THE BAR 
 
 (1)^
 
 United States Courts. 
 
 Supreme Court. 
 
 It shall be requisite to the admission of attorneys or counsel- 
 ors to practice in this court that they shall have been such for 
 three years past in the Supreme Courts of the states to which 
 they respectively belong, and that their private and professional 
 character shall appear to be fair. The prescribed oath shall be 
 taken. 
 
 Sup. Ct. Rule (29 Sup. Ct. Rep. xiii). 
 
 Circuit Courts of Appeals. 
 
 Although the rule of the Circuit Courts of Appeals governing 
 the admission of attorneys, as adopted primarily, provides that, 
 to become eligible, the applicant shall have been admitted to the 
 Supreme Court of the United States, or any Circuit Court of 
 the United States, and shall have taken the prescribed oath, 
 it has since been changed to some extent in several of the cir- 
 cuits. In the Third circuit, the clause requiring avowal of the 
 oath has been annulled, as respects attorneys of the Circuit 
 Court of the Third circuit ; in the Fourth circuit, a fee of $5 
 is required; in the Fifth and Sixth circuits, a fee of $10 is 
 required ; in the Eighth circuit, former admission to the high- 
 est court of any state within that circuit is sufficient qualifica- 
 tion; and in the Ninth circuit, former admission to a Circuit 
 Court is limited to admission to a Circuit Court of the Ninth 
 circuit, and is enlarged to the extent that former admission in 
 the highest court of any state or territory shall constitute 
 qualification. 
 
 C. C. A. Rule and amendments thereto 150 Fed. xxvii, Ixi, 
 Ixvii, Ixxviii, cxi, cxxvi. 
 
 (3)
 
 4 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 
 
 District Courts. 
 
 The rules for admission to these courts vary. Generally at- 
 torneys who have been admitted to practice in other United 
 States courts or the highest courts of a state or territory are 
 eligible. 
 
 FEDERAL COURT DECISIONS. 
 
 U. S. Supreme Court. 
 
 A complete set of the United States Supreme Court Reports 
 (1790 to 1913) consists of 225 volumes. Everything subse- 
 quent to vol. 105 is covered by the Supreme Court Reporter (of 
 the National Reporter System) in a set of 32 volumes. The 
 Supreme Court Reporter makes currently one volume a year, 
 covering all the current decisions filed by the court, and is sup- 
 plied to subscribers in advance sheets as published ; these being 
 displaced at the end of the year by a bound volume which con- 
 tains everything in the official edition, and is equipped with a 
 table giving the official page references. 
 
 There are other editions of the United States Reports, — one 
 giving vols. 1 to 225 in 56 books, and another giving vols. 1 to 
 225 in about 185 books. 
 
 U. S. Circuit Courts of Appeals. 
 
 These courts were established in 1S91, and all opinions from 
 the beginning have been reported currently in the Federal Re- 
 porter. (See below.) The back volumes of this set, therefore, 
 incorporate all the reported decisions from these nine courts, 
 and the current numbers give the first report of the current de- 
 cisions. 
 
 The decisions are reported separately in the C. C. A. Reports, 
 of which 115 volumes are now completed.
 
 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAB. 5 
 
 IT. S. Commerce Court. 
 
 This court was established in 1911, and all opinions from 
 the beginning have been reported in the Federal Reporter. 
 
 U. S. Circuit and District Courts. 
 
 The early decisions of these courts were never systematically 
 reported until they were gathered together for the elaborate re- 
 print known as the Federal Cases. This includes all decisions 
 from the establishment of the courts, 1789 to 1880, including all 
 cases reported in the original Reports or in contemporary jour- 
 nals, etc., and also thousands of cases never before reported. 
 They are arranged alphabetically, show every known citation, 
 and are fully annotated. The set makes 30 books and a digest. 
 
 From 1880 the decisions of these courts have been systemat- 
 ically and currently reported in the Federal Reporter, which 
 now (1913) has completed 200 volumes. This is the only pub- 
 lication which reports these important cases systematically, and 
 it is practically the official organ of the courts. The current 
 volumes are supplied to subscribers first in weekly advance 
 sheets, which are afterwards displaced by the bound volumes. 
 This set connects with the Federal Cases, the two series making 
 a complete record of the U. S. Circuit and District Court deci- 
 sions. 
 
 In 1891 the scope of the publication was extended to include 
 the newly-established Circuit Courts of Appeals. 
 
 In 1911 the scope of the publication was extended to cover 
 the newly-established Commerce Court. 
 
 Prices and full information given on request. 
 
 West Publishing Co., St. Paul. Minn.
 
 Alabama. 
 
 Citizensliip— Residence — Age — Character. 
 
 The rules for admission to the bar in this state provide that 
 the applicant shall be a citizen of the United States and a resi- 
 dent of Alabama, of full age and of good moral character. 
 
 Who may Apply for Ijicense. 
 
 Any person satisfying the above requirements, who shall 
 have studied law for 18 months, may make written application 
 to the chancery, circuit, or city court in the county of his resi- 
 dence, and the applicant's qualifications, other than legal, shall 
 be passed upon by the court. If applicant's qualifications, oth- 
 er than legal, are satisfactory, certificate to that effect will be 
 forwarded by the court to the clerk of the Supreme Court, and 
 by him delivered to the chairman of the Board of Examiners. 
 
 Examination — Regulations — Scope ^ Fee — Time and Place of 
 Holding. 
 
 At the regular meetings of the Board of Examiners, which 
 shall be held at the Capitol on the second Tuesdays in Febru- 
 ary and July, all applicants whose names shall have been pre- 
 sented to the chairman as being possessed of all the necessary 
 qualifications except legal learning, and who shall have paid to 
 the clerk of the Supreme Court the fee of $10, may be exam- 
 ined. The examination shall be in writing, and shall consist of 
 questions upon the following subjects : The Law of Real Prop- 
 erty, Personal Property, Pleading and Evidence, Commercial 
 Law, Criminal Law, Chancery and Chancery Pleadings, the 
 Statute Law of the State, the Constitutions of the United 
 States and the State of Alabama, the Political History of 
 the United States and the Formation of Constitutional Govern- 
 ments Therein, and the subject of Professional Ethics. Every 
 examination held shall be substantially different from any ex- 
 
 (6)
 
 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAE. i 
 
 amination previously held, so that applicants cannot by the 
 study of any previous examination qualify themselves to pass. 
 Examination papers shall be duly passed upon by the Board of 
 Examiners, and those which are, in the opinion of the majority 
 of the board, sufficient to entitle the applicant to admission, 
 shall be delivered to the clerk of the Supreme Court, and by 
 him presented to one of the judges of the Supreme Court. Li- 
 cense will thereupon be issued to the successful applicant. 
 Those applicants who fail to pass the examination may be 
 permitted to make another application after the expiration of 
 six months upon paying the stipulated fee of $10. 
 
 Admission of Attorneys from Other Jurisdictions. 
 
 Any attorney removing to this state, who has practiced be- 
 fore the Supreme Court of another state for two years, may 
 be admitted to practice in all the courts of this state upon mo- 
 tion before the Supreme Court, supported by such evidence of 
 his qualifications and legal learning as the court may consider 
 sufficient to entitle him to admission. 
 
 Miscellaneous. 
 
 Minors may be licensed by fulfilling the above requirements, 
 if deemed by the court of sufficient maturity, character, and at- 
 tainments. 
 
 Attorneys at law residing in other states, having a license to 
 practice law therein, may practice in any of the courts of this 
 state, when by law the attorneys of this state are permitted to 
 practice in such state. 
 
 Admission on Diploma. 
 
 A diploma from the University of Alabama, conferring the 
 degree of Bachelor of Laws, admits without examination, upon 
 proof of other qualifications required by the statute. 
 
 Source of Rules. 
 
 Civ. Code 1907, § 2973 et seq.; Rules Sup. Ct.
 
 O RULES FOB ADMISSION TO THE BAB. 
 
 ALABAMA DECISIONS. 
 
 1820 to 1913. 
 
 A complete set of Alabama Reports (down to 1913) con- 
 sists of : 
 
 Minor, 1 vol. 
 
 Stewart, 3 vols. 
 
 Stewart & Porter, 5 vols. 
 
 Porter, 9 vols. 
 
 Alabama, vols. 1 to 173. 
 
 Alabama Appellate, vols. 1 to 3. 
 We have reprinted the Alabama Reports, vols. 1 to 80 and 
 the 18 preliminary volumes, in a series of 49 books (2 vols, in 
 a book). This Reprint preserves everything (including the 
 paging) in the original Reports. Each case is fully annotated, 
 showing where such case has been subsequently cited by the 
 Alabama Supreme Court, as well as prior and subsequent re- 
 ports of the same case, and also showing the disposition of each 
 case that has gone to the United States Supreme Court. Anno- 
 tations to the Century Digest have also been made, showing, in 
 connection with each case, the exact places in the Century Di- 
 gest where the cognate authorities have been collected and 
 compared, thus bringing together all the law applicable to any 
 particular case. This Reprint is sold in complete sets only. 
 Write for prices and specific information. 
 
 A large number of the Alabama Reports subsequent to 
 volume 81 are out of print, and are very scarce and expensive. 
 The only convenient method of obtaining the later Alabama 
 decisions is through the Southern Reporter, 60 vols. This set 
 contains all decisions in Alabama, vols. 81 to 173, and Ala- 
 bama Appellate, vols. 1 to 3, in addition to a number of Ala- 
 bama cases which are not reported in the official reports ; also
 
 BULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 9 
 
 all decisions for the last 26 years of Florida, Louisiana, and 
 Alississippi. Tables of cross-citations furnished with the 
 Southern make it a simple matter to find the cases, even if 
 cited by the State Report volume and page. The set and 
 continuations are sold at a fraction of the cost of the State 
 Reports covered. In fact, the cost of continuing the Ala- 
 bama Reports alone is much in excess of the cost of continu- 
 ing the Southern Reporter, Prices and full information will 
 be furnished on request. 
 
 West Publishing Co., St. Paul, Minn.
 
 Alaska. 
 
 Citizenship— Residence^Age^Character. 
 
 One applying for admission to practice in this district shall 
 be a citizen of the United States, or one who has declared his 
 intention of becoming such, a resident of the district, 21 years 
 of age, and of good moral character. 
 
 Examination — Regulations— Scope— Fee. 
 
 The application, stating the foregoing qualifications, shall be 
 filed with the district court. The judges thereof, or their ap- 
 pointees, shall examine the candidate as to his legal attain- 
 ments, and the court shall administer the prescribed oath of 
 office if the examiners so advise. A fee of $10 shall be de- 
 posited with the clerk issuing the license. 
 
 Admission of Attorneys from Other Jnrisdictiona. 
 
 Whenever an applicant shall produce evidence of previous 
 admission in the highest court of a state or territory of the 
 United States, or in the Supreme Court or a Circuit Court of 
 the United States, such applicant may be admitted without fur- 
 ther examination. 
 
 Miscellaneons. 
 
 Women shall be admitted to practice in this district upon the 
 same conditions as men. 
 
 Source of Rules. 
 
 31 Stat. p. 448, §§ 733-736: Carter's Codes, c. 75. 
 
 (10)
 
 BULES FOB ADMISSION TO THE BAB. H 
 
 ALASKA DECISIONS. 
 
 1867 to 1910. 
 
 There are three volumes of Alaska Reports to date, covering 
 from the organization of Alaska as district court in 1881 to 
 1910. 
 
 The earlier cases which arose in Alaska are reported in the 
 Federal Cases and Federal Reporter. Write us for prices and 
 full information regarding the Alaska Reports. 
 
 West Publishing Co., St. Paul, Minn.
 
 Arizona. 
 
 Citizensliip — Residence — Age — Character. 
 
 The candidate for admission to the bar of this state must 
 be a citizen of the United States, a resident of this state, 
 21 years of age, and of good moral character, which last 
 shall be certified to by some reputable attorney of this state. 
 
 Application — AVhen to be Filed. 
 
 Applications should be filed with the secretary, George J. 
 Stoneman, Phoenix, Ariz., at least four weeks before the ex- 
 amination. Such application must contain statements as to 
 the qualifications mentioned above and below, also as to pres- 
 ent residence and place of residence during preceding three 
 years ; place and character of scholastic or general education. 
 Applicant must also state that he intends, if admitted, to re- 
 side and practice law in this state. The receipt of the clerk 
 of the Supreme Court showing that the examination fee of 
 $10 has been paid, must be filed with the application. 
 
 Term of Study. 
 
 A three years' course of study is required, to be pursued 
 either in the ofifice of some attorney in good standing or in 
 some recognized law school or university. Certificate of such 
 attorney or of the dean of such law school must be produced 
 as proof of the term of study. 
 
 Examination — Regulations — Scope — Fee — Time and Place of 
 Holding. 
 
 Two sessions annually are held by the Board of Examin- 
 ers — one in October and one in April, and one on the second 
 day prior to the day appointed by the Supreme Court for its 
 fall session, both being held in the courtroom of the district 
 court of Maricopa county, in Phoenix, Ariz. The applicant 
 shall be required to submit to a written examination, and to 
 
 (12)
 
 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THK BAR. 13 
 
 an oral one, if deemed necessary, and shall be required to 
 answer correctly a minimum of 70 per cent, of the questions 
 propounded, in order to entitle him to the certificate of the 
 Board of Examiners. Examinations will be upon the prin- 
 ciples of the common law applicable to Real Property, Torts, 
 Evidence, Pleading, Contracts, Negotiable Instruments, Crim- 
 inal Law, Equity, and such other subjects as the board may 
 from time to time select. Prior to examination applicant 
 shall pay to the clerk of the Supreme Court a fee of $10, and 
 an additional fee of $10 shall be paid on receipt of license to 
 practice. Applicants who successfully pass the examination 
 will receive a certificate from the Board of Examiners, which, 
 when presented to the Supreme Court, will entitle them to a 
 license. Any applicant failing to pass the examination may 
 apply again after six months. 
 
 Admission of Attorneys from Other Jurisdictions. 
 
 Any applicant residing within or without the state, who 
 has been a member of the bar of another territory or state, 
 or of the District of Columbia, in good standing and active 
 practice for at least three years last past, may, in the discre- 
 tion of the Supreme Court be admitted on motion made by 
 some member of the bar of the Supreme Court, upon pro- 
 ducing a certificate showing the fact of such admission and 
 that he is still in good standing in that court, together with 
 the recommendation of at least one of the judges of said 
 court of last resort. A fee of $10 shall be paid for the issu- 
 ance of a license. 
 
 Miscellaneous. 
 
 Attorneys licensed in any of the district courts of the state 
 shall be admitted to practice in the Supreme Court on mo- 
 tion made in open court by any attorney of the Supreme Court. 
 
 Source of Rules. 
 
 Act April 1, 1907, c. 7(1 ; Rules of Board of Examiners.
 
 14 . BULBS FOR ADMISSION TO THK BAB. 
 
 ARIZONA DECISIONS. 
 
 1866 to 1913. 
 
 A complete set of Arizona Reports (down to 1913) consists 
 of 13 vols. All the decisions in vols. 1 to 13 and all other Ari- 
 zona decisions are reported in the Pacific Reporter, 128 vols., 
 together with all decisions for the last 30 years from Califor- 
 nia, Colorado, Idaho, Kansas, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, 
 Oklahoma, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. 
 
 The Pacific Reporter, being the only medium through which 
 the current Arizona decisions may be had, is absolutely essen- 
 tial to the local practitioner. We will quote prices, etc., on ap- 
 plication. 
 
 West Publishing Go., St. Paul, Minn.
 
 Arkansas. 
 
 Citizenship — Residence — Age— Character. 
 
 Every male citizen, wiio is a bona fide resident of the state, 
 21 years of age, and of good moral character, is eligible to 
 examination and admission to the bar in this state. 
 
 Examination— Regulations — Scope— Time of Holding. 
 
 The application, containing sworn statements of petition- 
 er's general qualifications enumerated above, shall be pre- 
 sented to a court of record of the state and passed upon by 
 that court, and if satisfactory shall be followed by a test in 
 open court of the applicant's legal attainments. Such tests 
 are conducted by a committee appointed annually by the court, 
 and are held at Little Rock on the first Mondays in January, 
 April, July, or October, and at no other time. Petitioners must 
 file their applications at least one week before the day on which 
 they are to be examined. In the discretion of the court, based 
 on a result of the test, the oath prescribed by law shall be ad- 
 ministered and the applicant admitted to practice in that court. 
 
 Admission in Supreme Court. 
 
 License to practice in the circuit courts of the state does 
 not entitle the holder to admission in the Supreme Court 
 without examination. All applicants, whether licensed to prac- 
 tice in circuit courts or not, are required to be examined. 
 Applicants, however, who are regular practitioners in the cir- 
 cuit court, may make application at any time the Supreme 
 Court is in session. License to practice in the Supreme Court 
 entitles the holder to practice law in all the other courts of 
 the state. 
 
 (15)
 
 16 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 
 
 Attorneys from Other States. 
 
 License to practice in the courts of other states is not rec- 
 ognized as a ground for admission to practice in any of the 
 courts of this state. 
 
 Admission on Diploma. 
 
 A diploma from the law department of the University of 
 Arkansas admits the holder to practice without examination, 
 upon payment to the clerk of the Supreme Court of the fees 
 provided by law, aggregating $15. 
 
 Source of Rules. 
 
 Kirby's Dig. §§ 441-444, 3489. 
 
 ARKANSAS DECISIONS. 
 
 1837 to 1913. 
 
 A complete set of Arkansas Reports (down to 1913) consists 
 of 100 vols. All decisions in Arkansas, vols. 47 to 100, are re- 
 ported in the Southwestern Reporter, 151 vols. The Arkansas 
 Reports are partly out of print, and are scarce and rather ex- 
 pensive. The Southwestern Reporter is the only convenient 
 method of obtaining the late decisions of Arkansas. It also 
 covers all decisions for the last 27 years from the Indian Ter- 
 ritory, Kentucky, Missouri, Tennessee, and Texas. The tables 
 of cross-citations furnished with the Southwestern make it a 
 simple matter to find the cases, even if cited by the State Re- 
 port page and volume. We will gladly furnish full description 
 and prices on application. 
 
 West Publishing Co., St. Paul. Minn.
 
 California. 
 
 Citizenship— Residence— Age— Character. 
 
 Any citizen, or resident who has bona fide declared his or 
 her intention of becoming a citizen, who is of the age of 31 
 years and of good moral character, shall be eligible to exam- 
 ination as to his or her legal qualifications. 
 
 Application — Where to be Made — Fee. 
 
 Apphcations shall in all instances be made before the Dis- 
 trict Court of Appeal of the appellate district in which the 
 applicant resides. Application may be m.ade in another dis- 
 trict, however, upon filing a written statement showing good 
 cause therefor, satisfactory to the court in which application 
 is made, and also the written consent of the presiding justice 
 of the district in which applicant resides. There are three 
 districts: First, at San Francisco; second, at Los Angeles; 
 and, third, at Sacramento. Each district regulates its own 
 examinations as to time. A fee of $10 shall in all cases be 
 deposited with the clerk of the court before filing the applica- 
 tion, which fee shall be returned in case the applicant fails to 
 pass the examination. 
 
 Term of Study. 
 
 Previous to filing the application with the clerk of the Dis- 
 trict Court of Appeal, the applicant must have filed with the 
 clerk the certificate of at least two attorneys of the court who 
 have been engaged in practice for at least four years next 
 theretofore, stating that they have carefully questioned ap- 
 plicant upon the branches of law and have considered the pe- 
 riod stated as the approximate term of study, and setting forth 
 the place at which and the person under whom such study has 
 been prosecuted, the books that have been read, and the other 
 appropriate attainments applicant may have acquired ; also 
 stating that in their opinion the applicant possesses the requi- 
 2 (17)
 
 18 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 
 
 site qualifications in point of learning in the law to be entitled 
 to admission to practice. 
 
 Examination — Regulations — Scope. 
 
 The examination is oral, and shall consist of queries upon 
 the subjects of Blackstone's Commentaries, Kent's Commenta- 
 ries, Greenleaf's Evidence (first volume), Story's Equity Juris- 
 prudence, Gould's Pleading, Lube's Equity Pleading, Parsons 
 on Contracts, Pomeroy's Introduction to Municipal Law, Code 
 of Civil Procedure, Civil Code, and the Constitutions of the 
 United States and state of California. If the examination is 
 passed satisfactorily, the applicant shall receive a certificate, 
 and the oath of office and permission to practice ; but no per- 
 son rejected shall be at liberty to renew the application earlier 
 than six months after such rejection. 
 
 Admission of Attorneys from Other Jurisdictions. 
 
 Every citizen of the United States, or resident of this state 
 who has bona fide declared his intention of becoming a citizen, 
 who has been licensed to practice in the highest court of an- 
 other jurisdiction where the common law prevails as a basis, 
 may be admitted to practice in all the courts of this state by 
 any District Court of Appeal upon production of such license 
 and proof of good moral character : but the court may exam- 
 ine the applicant as to his qualifications. 
 
 Admission on Diploma. 
 
 A diploma from the college of law of the University of 
 Southern California, or evidence of having completed the three 
 years' course of law prescribed by the department of law of 
 Leland Stanford Junior University or the department of juris- 
 prudence of the University of California, terewtr^afi the Has- 
 tings College of Law, shall entitle the holder to a/ license to 
 practice law in all the courts of this state, subject/to the right 
 of the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the''state to order
 
 RULES FOU AD.MI.SSION TO THE BAR. 19 
 
 an examination, as in ordinary cases of applicants without 
 such diploma or other evidence. 
 
 Miscellaneous. 
 
 Qualification before the District Court of Appeal admits to 
 practice in every court in the state, including Supreme Court. 
 The foregoing rules apply to women as well as to men. 
 
 Source of Rules. 
 
 Code Civ. Proc. §§ 275-279, 280a, 280b; Pol. Code, § 1483; 
 Sup. Ct. & Dist. Ct. App. Rules in effect March 18, 1912 
 (119 Pac. ix). 
 
 CALIFORNIA DECISIONS, 
 
 1850 to 1913. 
 
 A complete set of California Reports (down to 1913) con- 
 sists of 162 vols. The Pacific Reporter, 128 vols., contains 
 all the decisions in California, vols. 64 to 162, and also up- 
 ward of 1,800 California decisions which have been omitted 
 from the state reports. These represent enough matter to make 
 about 20 additional volumes of California Reports. Under 
 constitutional amendment, adopted Nov. 8, 1904, the District 
 Courts of Appeal were established, for the purpose of relieving 
 the pressure on the Supreme Court. The decisions of these 
 courts are published in a series known as "California Appeals 
 Reports," of which 18 volumes have been published to date. 
 These decisions are also reported in full in the Pacific Re- 
 porter. The Pacific Reporter also contains all decisions for the 
 last 30 years from Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Kansas, Mon- 
 tana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Oregon, Utah, Wash- 
 ington, and Wyoming. The tables of cross-citations furnished 
 with the Pacific make it a simple matter to find the cases, even 
 if cited by the State Report page and volume. Write for full 
 information and price. 
 
 West Pttbtjshing Co., St. Paul, Minn.
 
 Colorado. 
 
 Citizenship— Residence — Age — Character. 
 
 To entitle an applicant to the examination for a license, he 
 must prove to the satisfaction of the committee of examiners 
 that he is a citizen of the United States, or has declared his in- 
 tention, a resident of this state, stating his address, of full 
 age, stating his age, and of good moral character. 
 
 General Education. 
 
 The applicant must present a 30-count certificate from the 
 regents of the University of New York, or must satisfy the 
 committee that he has graduated from an approved high or 
 preparatory school, or has been admitted as a regular student 
 in an approved college or university, or that before entering 
 upon his law studies he had passed an examination before the 
 state superintendent of public instruction in the following sub- 
 jects : English Literature, Civil Government, Algebra to Quad- 
 ratic Equations, Plane Geometry, General History, History of 
 England, and the History of the United States. 
 
 Term of Study. 
 
 A regular clerkship shall be served in the office of a practi- 
 cing attorney of the Supreme Court of this state after the age 
 of 18 has been reached, or after such age a course of study in 
 an approved law school shall be pursued, before permission will 
 be granted to enter upon the examination. The duration of 
 the period so spent shall be three years, and may be apportioned 
 between the two modes of study. 
 
 Examination — Regulations — Scope — Fee — Time and Place of 
 Holding. 
 
 The committee of examiners shall consist of five members 
 
 of the bar, each of five years' standing. Such committee will 
 
 (20)
 
 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 21 
 
 hold examinations twice a year during the months of June and 
 December, at the Supreme Court rooms at Denver. Before 
 examination the candidate shall satisfy »the committee that he 
 has not undergone an examination for a license to practice, and 
 been refused admission, within six months immediately 
 preceding. He must also satisfy the committee that he pos- 
 sesses the necessary educational qualifications, as outlined 
 above, and that he has studied law according to the conditions 
 above prescribed. The test shall consist of oral or written 
 questions and answers, or partly oral and partly written, as the 
 board of examiners may select. A fee of $30 shall be paid to 
 the clerk of the Supreme Court before license is issued. 
 
 Admission of Attorneys from Otlier Jurisdictions. 
 
 One duly licensed to practice in the highest court of a for- 
 eign state or country, and who has practiced therein for five 
 years, may be admitted in this state with or without examina- 
 tion, in the discretion of the Supreme Court, provided that the 
 requirements in said state or country are equal to those in this 
 state. This proviso does not apply to an attorney of ten years' 
 standing in the highest court of another jurisdiction, however. 
 Such person may be admitted upon furnishing satisfactory 
 proof of having fulfilled the qualifications as to citizenship, 
 residence, age, and character, together with a statement of the 
 community in which he resided and practiced for the five years 
 next preceding the date of his application, and a certificate of 
 recommendation from one of the judges of the highest court 
 of such community, or, in lieu of a certificate, such evidence of 
 character and qualifications as may be satisfactory to the ex- 
 amining committee. The committee shall be entitled to hold 
 the application 60 days for the purpose of investigating the 
 character and qualifications of the applicant. 
 
 An attorney who has practiced in the highest court of anoth- 
 er state or country for two years may be admitted to examina-
 
 22 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 
 
 tion after a period of one year's law study within this state, 
 said law study to be pursued after the period of practice has 
 been completed. , 
 
 No person shall be admitted to practice in this state upon 
 proof of admission in some other state, if at the time ot such 
 admission he was a citizen of this state. 
 
 Miscellaneous. 
 
 No person shall be denied a license to practice as aforesaid 
 on account of race or sex. 
 
 In the oath required of the applicant, he shall agree to com- 
 mence the practice of law in this state within three months 
 from the date of admission and to make the same his perma- 
 nent and usual occupation. He shall state, also, that he has 
 never been disbarred by any court of record and that he has 
 never been convicted of felony. 
 
 Source of Rules. 
 
 Rev. St. 1908, § 229 et seq. ; Sup. Ct. Rules 39-47 (80 Pac. 
 xi-xiii). 
 
 COLORADO DECISIONS. 
 
 1864 to 1913. 
 
 A complete set of Colorado Reports (down to 1913) con- 
 sists of : 
 
 Colorado Supreme, 51 vols., 1864 to 1913. 
 Colorado Appeals, 21 vols., 1891 to 1905, 1911 to 1913. 
 All the decisions in Colorado Supreme, vols. 7 to 51, and all 
 decisions of the Colorado Court of Appeals, are reported in the 
 Pacific Reporter, 128 vols., together with all decisions for the 
 last 30 years from Arizona, California, Idaho, Kansas, Mori- 
 tana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Oregon, Utah, Wash-
 
 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 23 
 
 ington, and Wyoming. Tables of cross-citations make the 
 cases perfectly available, however cited. 
 
 Owing to the large amount of mining litigation in Colorado, 
 the Pacific is of particular importance there, as it contains the 
 decisions of all the West Coast states, in which the same ques- 
 tions are likely to have arisen. Write for prices and full infor- 
 mation. 
 
 W«ST Publishing Co., St Paul, Minn.
 
 Connecticut 
 
 Citizenship — Residence — Age — Character. 
 
 The candidate for admission to the bar shall prove to the sat- 
 isfaction of the committee that he is a citizen of the United 
 vStates, 21 3-ears of age, and of good moral character, provided 
 that, in case he shall reach his majority before the next semi- 
 annual meeting of the committee, he shall be admitted to the 
 examination and, upon recommendation, admitted to practice 
 after he shall become 21. 
 
 Application— Fee. 
 
 Previous to the examination an application accompanied by 
 a fee of $10, shall be filed with the clerk of the superior court 
 where the examination is held, containing a certificate from the 
 clerk of the superior court of the county in which he intends to 
 apply (which must be the county in which he resides, if a resi- 
 dent of the state; if not, the county in which he pursued his 
 studies, or intends to reside), stating that the candidate has 
 filed an application, accompanied by a certificate of good moral 
 character signed by two members of the bar of at least five 
 years' standing, on or before May 1st for the June examina- 
 tion, and on or before December 1st, for the December exam- 
 ination, and that it was approved by the bar of the county. 
 
 General Education. 
 
 The candidate shall satisfy the committee that he has gradu- 
 ated from a high school, college, or preparatory school of ap- 
 proved standing, or has been admitted to a law school, the re- 
 quirements for entrance to which shall be approved by the 
 committee, or, in the absence of these qualifications, shall pass 
 an examination upon his literary qualifications before the 
 committee. Such examination will cover the following sub- 
 
 (24)
 
 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAB. 
 
 25 
 
 jects: Geography (including Physical Geography), English 
 Grammar and Composition, English Literature, Civil Govern- 
 ment in the United States, and the Text of the Constitu- 
 tion of the United States, American History, English History, 
 Modern History, Mediaeval History, Ancient History, Greek 
 History, Roman History, Arithmetic, Elementary Algebra 
 through Quadratics, Plane Geometry and Elementary Phys- 
 ics. A fee of $5 must be paid in case such examination is 
 necessary. 
 
 Term of Study. 
 
 He shall certify to the committee that after arriving at the 
 age of 18 he has studied for three years in a law school or 
 in an office under the supervision of a practicing attorney, or 
 both, provided that, in the case of those not graduates of a law 
 school, at least one year of such study shall be spent in this 
 state. 
 
 Examinatians — Regulations — Scope — Fee — Time and Place of 
 Holding. 
 
 Examinations are held at 10 a. m. in the Supreme Court 
 room at Hartford on the Friday after Christmas (if this or the 
 following day is New Years, then the second day before New 
 Years), and at New Haven on the fourth Thursday before the 
 last Wednesday of June at the Yale Law School Building, at 
 the same hour. 
 
 Such examinations are in writing, conducted by a com- 
 mittee consisting of 15 members of the bar, and cover the 
 following subjects: Contracts (including the law of Agency, 
 Arbitration and Award, Bailments, Carriers, Insurance, Ne- 
 gotiable Paper, Partnership, Principal and Surety, Sales and 
 the Statutes of Frauds and Limitations), Real Property, Eq- 
 uity, Torts, Evidence, Pleading and Practice (including Com- 
 mon-Law and Code Pleading and the Connecticut Practice 
 Act and Rules of Practice), Criminal Law and Procedure,
 
 26 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 
 
 Constitutional Law, Corporations (public and private), Per- 
 sons and Domestic Relations, Wills and Administration, Legal 
 Ethics and the Constitution and Statutes of Connecticut. In 
 case of success in the test a fee of $5 shall be deposited with 
 the clerk who issues the license. 
 
 Admission of Attorneys from Other Jurisdictions. 
 
 An attorney licensed in the highest court of another state 
 may be admitted to examination upon satisfactory proof that 
 he has been duly admitted in such state; that he is a citizen of 
 the United States and a resident of the state, or intends to be- 
 come a resident, 21 years of age, and of good moral character; 
 that he has filed with the clerk of the superior court of the 
 county in which the examination is to be held a certificate from 
 the clerk of the superior court of the county in which he in- 
 tends to apply (which must be the county in which he resides 
 or intends to reside), stating that the candidate has filed an ap- 
 plication, accompanied by a certificate of good moral character 
 signed by two members of the bar of at least five years' stand- 
 ing, on or before May 1st for the June examination, and on or 
 before December 1st for the December examination; and that 
 such application has been approved by the bar of the county. 
 One such who has practiced for three years before the bar of 
 another state may be admitted without examination upon vote 
 of the bar of the county in which he applies (which must be the 
 county in which he resides or intends to reside), provided he 
 possesses the general qualifications required of other applicants 
 and has filed witli the clerk of the superior court of such coun- 
 ty notice of his intention to apply, together with a certificate 
 of good moral character signed by at least two members of the 
 bar of five years' standing, or a like certificate signed by a 
 judge of the highest court of original jurisdiction of the state 
 in which he last practiced.
 
 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 27 
 
 Miscellaneous. 
 
 It shall be the duty of every attorney in this state who takes 
 a pupil for instruction to register the name and the date of the 
 beginning of study of such pupil, and the computation of the 
 term of study shall commence with such registration. 
 
 Source of Rules. 
 
 Rules Super. Ct. 
 
 CONNECTICUT DECISIONS. 
 
 1785 to 1913. 
 
 A complete set of Connecticut Reports (down to 1913) con- 
 sists of : 
 
 Kirby, 1 vol. 
 
 Root, 2 vols. 
 
 Day, 5 vols. 
 
 Connecticut, 84 vols. 
 The Atlantic Reporter, 84 vols., contains all decisions from 
 and including vol. 53 Conn., and also all decisions for the past 
 28 years for Delaware, Maine, Maryland, New Hampsliire. 
 New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont. It 
 contains, also, hundreds of decisions omitted from the State 
 Reports. Tables of cross-citations make the cases perfectly 
 available, however cited. We will be pleased to furnish spe- 
 cific information and prices on application. 
 
 West Publishing Co., St. Paul, Minn.
 
 Delaware. 
 
 Citizenship — Residence — Age — Character. 
 
 The candidate shall be a resident of this state and of the 
 county in which he is registered, 18 years of age before reg- 
 istration, and of good moral character. 
 
 General Education. 
 
 He shall be possessed of the elements of a liberal educa- 
 tion, which shall be evidenced by the diploma of a univer- 
 sity or college in good standing conferring the degree of 
 Bachelor of Arts or Bachelor of Science, or by passing an 
 examination before the Board of Examiners upon the fol- 
 lowing subjects: Language, Modern Geography, Higher 
 Mathematics, United States and English History. If the 
 above requirements are fulfilled, he shall receive a certificate 
 from the Board of Examiners, stating that he has been found 
 upon examination to be qualified to commence the study of 
 law. This certificate must contain the approval of some 
 judge of the state and a statement from the student's pre- 
 ceptor that said student began the study of law upon a cer- 
 tain date. Said certificate will be filed in the Prothonotary's 
 office. 
 
 Term of Study. 
 
 A preliminary term of study of three years in the office of 
 a practicing attorney of ten years' standing shall be pursued be- 
 fore the examination. 
 
 Examination — Regulations— Scope. 
 
 The test of legal qualifications shall be such as the board of 
 examiners may decide upon. The oath prescribed by law shall 
 follow, if the general qualifications before mentioned have 
 been fulfilled. 
 
 (28)
 
 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 29 
 
 Admission of Attorneys from Other Jurisdictions. 
 
 Any attorney residing in this state, of good moral char- 
 acter, who has practiced for three years in the court of last 
 resort of another state, may, upon written recommendation 
 from the Board of Examiners, be admitted to practice in 
 this state. The board may subject any appHcant under this 
 rule to such examination as they may deem expedient. 
 
 Miscellaneous. 
 
 A student must apply for examination in the county in 
 which he is, registered. No student registered in one county 
 will be examined in another county, except upon the written 
 request of the Board of Examiners of the county wherein 
 he is registered. Admission to practice in the courts of one 
 county entitles the attorney to practice in the same courts in 
 all other counties in the state. 
 
 Information as to the times and places of holding examina- 
 tions may be obtained from the Secretary of the Board of 
 Examiners at Wilmington. 
 Source of Rules. 
 
 Rev. St. 1874, c. 92, § 6 ; Id. c. 24, § 4; 13 Del. Laws, c. 117, 
 § 3 ; Rules of Board of Examiners. 
 
 DELAWARE DECISIONS. 
 
 1814 to 1913. 
 
 A complete set of Delaware Reports (down to 1913) con- 
 sists of: 
 
 Harrington, 5 vols. 
 Houston, 9 vols. 
 Marvel, 2 vols. 
 Pennewill, 7 vols. 
 Boyce, 1 vol. 
 
 Delaware Chancery, 8 vols. 
 Houston's Criminal, 1 vol.
 
 30 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 
 
 Delaware Reports are partly out of print, and are scarce and 
 expensive. The Atlantic Reporter, 84 vols., contains all deci- 
 sions in Houston, vols. 7 to 9, Marvel, 2 vols., Pennewill, 7 
 vols., Boyce, 1 vol., Delaware Chancery, vols. 6 to 8, and also 
 all decisions for the past 28 years from Connecticut, Maine, 
 Maryland, New Hampshire, New Jersey, . Pennsylvania, 
 Rhode Island, and Vermont. Tables of cross-citations make 
 the cases perfectly available, however cited. We will furnish 
 full information and price on request. 
 
 West Publishing CJo., St Paul, Minn.
 
 District of Columbia. 
 
 Character. 
 
 No applicant shall be admitted to examination for admission 
 to the Supreme Court until he shall have offered proof of good 
 moral character. 
 
 Application — Form and Contents. 
 
 Applications shall be made in writing addressed to the clerk 
 of the court, John R. Young, Washington, D. C, and shall be 
 referred by him to the committee on examination. Each ap- 
 plication shall contain the name, age, and residence of the 
 candidate, the time and place of preliminary study and dura- 
 tion of the same, and the law books he has read. 
 
 Term of Study. 
 
 Satisfactory proof shall also be presented that the candidate 
 has studied law under the direction of a competent attorney for 
 at least three years, provided that diligent study in a law school 
 shall, to the extent thereof, be computed as a part thereof, and 
 an academic year in such school shall be considered a year with- 
 in the meaning of the rule. 
 
 Examination — Regulations — Scope — Fee. 
 
 There are no fixed times for holding of the examinations, 
 the committee meeting at the call of the chairman. J3efore 
 examination a fee of $10 shall be paid to the chairman or sec- 
 retary of the committee on examination. In case of failure, 
 a fee of $5 shall be required for each additional examination. 
 
 Admission of Attorneys from Other Jurisdictions. 
 
 The petition of one admitted to the bar in the Supreme Court 
 of the United States, or of a state or territory, while a nonresi- 
 
 (31)
 
 32 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 
 
 dent of the District of Columbia, shall state the name of the 
 court granting- such license, the time of admission, and when 
 and where and for what period he studied law. If now a bona 
 fide resident of the District of Columbia, one admitted in an- 
 other jurisdiction may be admitted here without examination, 
 in the discretion of the court, if proof of good morals is given 
 and a like courtesy is extended in that jurisdiction to attor- 
 neys of this District. 
 
 Admission in Court of Appeals. 
 
 To entitle a candidate to admission to the Court of Appeals, 
 he shall offer satisfactory proof of former admission to the Su- 
 preme Court of the United States, or to the highest court of 
 one of the United States, or to the Supreme Court of this Dis- 
 trict, and also proof of good standing in that court, and shall 
 pay to the clerk issuing the license a fee of $5. 
 
 Source of Rules. 
 
 Rules Sup. Ct. Oct. 1, 1909 ; Rules Ct. of App. 
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA DECISIONS. 
 
 1801 to 1913. 
 
 There are two series of Reports in the District of Columbia. 
 viz.: 
 
 District of Columbia Reports, 21 vols. (1801-1893). 
 District of Columbia Appeal Cases, 38 vols. (1893- 
 1913). 
 The first series cover the decisions of the United States Cir- 
 cuit Court of the District of Columbia and the Supreme Court 
 of that District down to 1893. With vol. 21, the reports of the 
 Supreme Court of the District of Columbia were discontinued.
 
 EULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 33 
 
 the appellate jurisdiction theretofore exercised by that court 
 being transferred to a new court, styled the "Court of Appeals 
 of the District of Columbia," whose decisions are reported un- 
 der the caption, "Appeal Cases, District of Columbia," cited 
 "App. D. C." There are 38 vols, of this series to date, vol. 1 
 joining on to vol. 21 D. C. Rep. 
 
 West Publishing Co., St. Paul, Minn.
 
 Florida. 
 
 Age — Character. 
 
 The applicant for admission to the bar in this state must be 
 21 years of age and of good moral character. 
 
 Application — ^Vhen to be Filed — Form and Contents. 
 
 Applications must be filed with the clerk of the Supreme 
 Court, Tallahassee, Fla., at least ten days before the beginning 
 of the term at which the candidate intends to apply for admis- 
 sion, and must contain statements regarding the applicant's 
 age, place of residence, the length of time he has studied law, 
 and the law books he has read, together with the names of 
 three reputable citizens of the community in which applicant 
 lives, who are not related to him by blood or marriage. 
 
 Preliminary Study. 
 
 All applicants for admission to the bar must have studied the 
 following named law books or their equivalents : Blackstone's 
 Commentaries, or Andrews on American Law combined with 
 Holmes' Lectures on Common Law ; B.room's Legal Maxims, 
 or W. T. Hughes on Procedure; Bispham's Principles of 
 Equity ; Eaton on Equity ; Story's, Van Zile's, or Fletcher's 
 Equity Pleading and Practice ; Shipman on Equity Pleading ; 
 Stephen, Gould, Shipman, or McKelvey on Common-La\v 
 Pleading: Morawetz, Clark, or Cook on Corporations; Moore 
 or Hutchinson on Carriers ; Bishop's, Alay's, or Clark's Crimi- 
 nal Law, or Hughes' Criminal Law and Procedure ; Weeks on 
 Attorneys at Law or Sharswood's Legal Ethics; Daniel on 
 Negotiable Instruments, or Eaton & Gilbert on Commercial 
 Paper, or Bigelow on the Law of Bills, Notes and Checks ; 
 Norton on Bills and Notes ; Cooley's Constitutional Limita- 
 tions; Clark or Bishop on Contracts; Thayer's Preliminary 
 
 (34)
 
 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 35 
 
 Treatise on Evidence, or Greenleaf on Evidence (vol. 1), or 
 Reynolds on Evidence; McKelvey on Evidence; Schouler's 
 Domestic Relations ; Tiffany on Domestic Relations ; Schouler 
 on Executors and Administrators, or Woerner's American Law 
 of Administration ; Croswell on Executors and Administrators ; 
 Maupin on Marketable Titles to Real Estate (2d Ed.) ; Cooley 
 or Pollock on Torts; Hale on Torts; Schouler, Underbill, or 
 Rood on Wills ; Gardner on Wills ; The Constitutions of the 
 United States and of Florida ; Florida Decisions upon the Con- 
 stitution of Florida; General Statutes of Florida; Rules of 
 Practice of the Circuit and Supreme Courts of Florida. 
 
 Examination — Regulations — Scope — Fee — Time and Place of 
 Holding. 
 
 Examinations are held in the Supreme Court rooms on the 
 first three days of every semiannual term of the court. 
 
 If applicant's qualifications as to age and good moral char- 
 acter are sufficient, he shall enter upon the examination, based 
 on the course of study above prescribed, before the Supreme 
 Court. Examinations are held in open court, and are in writ- 
 ing, but may be supplemented by oral questions. A minimum 
 average of 75 per cent, on both written and oral questions is 
 required in order to entitle applicant to admission. In case of 
 success, the candidate shall pay to the clerk a fee of $5 for a 
 certificate of admission. 
 
 Admission on Diploma. 
 
 A graduate of any law school chartered by and existing in 
 this state, or any graduate of the law department of any char- 
 tered university in this state, which school or department shall 
 maintain the course of study prescribed by the Supreme Court 
 and the character of whose work is satisfactory to said court 
 shall, at any regular examination, receive a license or permis- 
 sion to practice law in all the courts of this state without ex- 
 amination as to legal attainments, upon producing to the Su*
 
 36 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR, 
 
 preme Court his diploma, duly issued by the proper authori- 
 ties, and upon giving satisfactory evidence that he is twenty- 
 one years of age and of good moral character. 
 
 Admission of Attorneys from Other Jurisdictions. 
 
 Any person furnishing satisfactory evidence of good moral 
 character, and proof that he has practiced law for five years 
 next preceding the date of his application, shall be admitted to 
 practice in this state, without examination as to legal attain- 
 ments, provided that attorneys who have been admitted to 
 practice in this state are admitted without examination in the 
 state from which he comes. 
 
 Miscellaneous. 
 
 Power to admit to practice is vested solely in the Supreme 
 Court. 
 
 Source of Rules. 
 
 Laws 1907, p. 136; Laws 1909, p. 144; Laws 1911, p. 176; 
 Sup. Ct. Rules, June 1907. 
 
 FLORIDA DECISIONS. 
 
 1846 to 1913. 
 
 A complete set of Florida Reports (down to 1913) consists 
 of (>2 vols. All decisions in Florida, vols, 23 to 62, and many 
 other decisions not yet published in the State Reports, are re- 
 ported in full in the Southern Reporter, 60 vols. The set also 
 contains all decisions for the last 26 years of Alabama, Louisi- 
 ana, and Mississippi. Tables of cross-citations make the cases 
 perfectly available, however cited. Write us for price and de- 
 tailed information. 
 
 West Publfshino Co,, St. Paul. Minn.
 
 Georgia. 
 
 Application— Age^Citizeuship — Character — Fee. 
 
 Any male person desiring to become a member of the bar iii 
 this state shall make a written application to a judge of any 
 superior court, at least 10 days before the day of examination, 
 stating that he is a citizen of this state, has read law, and is 
 of good moral character. This application must be accom- 
 panied with a certificate from two practicing members of the 
 bar of the state of Georgia as to the applicant's moral char- 
 acter, and that they have examined him upon the various 
 branches of the law and deem him qualified to apply for ad- 
 mission to the practice of the law. The applicant must also ex- 
 hibit to the judge along with his application a receipt showing 
 that he has paid to the chairman of the board of examiners a 
 fee of $15. 
 
 Examination — Time and Place of Holding — S«ope — Regulations. 
 
 Examinations are held on the Wednesdays next after the 
 second Mondays of June and December, at places to be desig- 
 nated by the judge of the superior court in each circuit. Such 
 examinations are conducted in the presence of the judge, each 
 applicant writing and numbering his answers to correspond 
 with the printed list of questions prepared by the state board 
 of law examiners, on the following subjects: Principles of 
 Common and Statute Law of England of force in this state; 
 Law of Pleading and Evidence; Principles of Equity, and 
 Equity Pleading and Practice ; Revised Code of Georgia ; Con- 
 stitution of the United States and of this state ; and the Rules 
 
 (37)
 
 38 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 
 
 of Practice in the Superior Courts of the state. The ques- 
 tions and answers are sent by the judges of the superior 
 courts to the board of examiners, which passes upon the suf- 
 ficiency of the answers to entitle the appHcant to admission. 
 A general average of 70 per cent, is required in order suc- 
 cessfully to pass the examination. An admitted applicant 
 pays a fee of $5 to the clerk of the superior court who issues 
 the license. 
 
 Admission of Attorneys from Other Jurisdictions. 
 
 Any attorney, residing in another state, having license to 
 practice law in a circuit court therein, may be admitted to 
 practice law in the superior courts of this state, provided at- 
 torneys of this state are likewise permitted to practice law in 
 such other state. He shall present a written petition to the 
 judge of the superior court in any circuit, accompanied by a 
 certificate from a judge of the circuit or district court of the 
 state of which he is a resident, stating that the applicant is of 
 good moral character and has been legally admitted to practice 
 in such circuit, and that by the laws of that state the attorneys 
 of this state are permitted to practice law therein, on equal 
 terms. 
 
 Any attorney of another state, who becomes a resident of 
 this state, may be immediately admitted to practice in the 
 superior courts of this state, by making application to the 
 judge of the superior court in any circuit, accompanied by sat- 
 isfactory evidence of his admission and good standing in a 
 court of similar jurisdiction in the state from which he comes, 
 and by submitting to such examination as to the laws of this 
 state as said judge of the superior court may require. A fee 
 of $5 is required in either case. 
 
 Upon any satisfactory evidence in support of their applica- 
 tion, attorneys of any of the courts of the United States, or
 
 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 39 
 
 of the highest court of any state or territory, in good stand- 
 ing where they reside, may be admitted to the Supreme Court 
 and the Court of Appeals on taking the oath prescribed for 
 local attorneys and paying a fee of $5 to the clerk. 
 
 Admission on Diploma. 
 
 Graduates of the Law Department of the State University, 
 Law School of Mercer University, or of the Atlanta Law- 
 School, are admitted without examination upon presentation 
 of diploma and payment of the usual fees. 
 
 Admission in Supreme Coui't and Court of Appeals. 
 
 Attorneys who have been licensed in any superior court shall 
 be admitted to the Supreme Court and Court of Appeals upon 
 certificate of two attorneys of that court in good standing that 
 such applicants are of good moral and professional character. 
 Any member of the bar of the Supreme Court may be admitted 
 to practice in the Court of Appeals upon producing satisfactory 
 evidence of such admission and upon taking the prescribed 
 oath. A fee of $5 is required in either case. 
 
 Miscellaneous. 
 
 Fees of applicants should be remitted to Hon. Alexander C. 
 King, Chairman Board of Examiners, Atlanta, Ga. 
 
 All inquiries for information in regard to admission to the 
 bar should be addressed to Hon. Joseph A. Cronk, Secretary 
 Board of Examiners, Savannah, Ga. 
 
 Source of Rules. 
 
 Civ. Code 1910, §§ 4930^950: Act Dec. 18. 1807. as amend- 
 ed by Act Dec. 19. 1898; Rules Sup. Ct. and Ct. App. ; Rules 
 for admission to the bar, furnished by Board of Examiners on 
 application.
 
 •iO EULES FOB ADMISSION TO THE BAB. 
 
 GEORGIA DECISIONS. 
 
 1805 to 1913. 
 
 A complete set of Georgia Reports (down to 1913) con- 
 sists of: 
 
 T. U. P. Charlton, 1 vol. 
 
 R. M. Charlton, 1 vol. 
 
 Dudley, 1 vol. 
 
 Georgia Decisions, 1 vol. 
 
 Georgia Reports, 138 vols. 
 
 Georgia Appeals Reports, 10 vols. 
 Georgia Reports are largely out of print and expensive. 
 All Georgia decisions, from and including vol. 78 of the Su- 
 preme and all of the Appeals Reports, are reported in the 
 Southeastern Reporter, 75 vols., together with all decisions 
 for the past 28 years from North Carolina, South Carolina, 
 Virginia, and West Virginia. Cross-citation tables make the 
 cases perfectly available, however cited. We will be pleased 
 to furnish prices and full information on request. 
 
 West Publishing Co., St Paul, Minn.
 
 Hawaii 
 
 Citizensliip — Age — Character. 
 
 Applicant must be a citizen of the United States or shall 
 have declared his intention of becoming a citizen. He shall 
 file with the clerk of the Supreme Court an application in 
 writing, setting forth his name, age, nationality, last place of 
 residence, and the character and term of his study. Sufficient 
 certificates of applicant's good moral character, and, if he is 
 a member of the bar of any other court, the certificate of ad- 
 mission to such bar, shall also accompany the application. 
 
 Examination— Regulation — Scope— Fee. 
 
 Power to examine candidates for admission to the bar of 
 the Supreme Court is vested solely in the Supreme Court. No 
 appUcant who is not a member of the bar of the highest court 
 of some other state, territory, or country, will be admitted or 
 examined for admission to practice in the Supreme Court, un- 
 less, as a part of his preparation, he shall have studied diligent- 
 ly at least two years in a law school or the office of a competent 
 attorney, or' partly in one and partly in the other. No person 
 not a citizen of the United States will be admitted unless he 
 shall have bona fide declared his intention to become a citizen 
 in the manner required by law. No applicant whose applica- 
 tion has been denied shall apply again for admission within one 
 year. A fee of $10 must be paid to the clerk of the Supreme 
 Court on receipt of a license. 
 
 Attorneys in District Courts. 
 
 The Supreme Court and the several circuit courts shall have 
 power to admit as practitioners in the district courts such per- 
 sons, being Hawaiian citizens of good moral character, as said 
 courts may find qualified. Prescribed oath will be administer- 
 
 (41)
 
 42 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAB. 
 
 ed. License thus granted shall extend over a term of two 
 years, and shall be valid in all the judicial circuits of the ter- 
 ritory. A fee of $5 will be paid for the first license, and a fee 
 of $2 for each renewal thereof. 
 
 Source of Rules. 
 
 . Civ. Laws 1897, c. 84 ; Rev. Laws 1905. c. 116 ; Sup. Ct. Rule 
 16, in force March 21, 1906 (17 Hawaii, 655). 
 
 HAWAIIAN DECISIONS. 
 
 1847 to 1913. 
 
 A complete set of Hawaiian Reports (down to 1913) con- 
 sists of 20 vols. There are also 3 vols, of reports of the L^nit- 
 ed States District Court for the District of Hawaii, and a 
 Digest covering vols. 1-14 Hawaiian Reports. Write for 
 prices and full information. 
 
 West Publishino Co., St. Paul, Minn.
 
 Idaho. 
 
 Citizenship— Residence — Age — Character. 
 
 Any citizen, or person resident of this state who has bona 
 fide declared his intention to become a citizen, 21 years of age, 
 of good moral character, and who intends to engage in the 
 practice of law as a business, may make application for ad- 
 mission to the bar in this state. Applicant's good moral char- 
 acter must be certified to by at least two attorneys of the Su- 
 preme Court, in good standing, who have been admitted to 
 practice therein for not less than one year. 
 
 Application — Preliminary Reqnirements — Term of Study — Gen- 
 eral Qualifications. 
 
 The application shall be filed with the clerk of the Supreme 
 Court on or before the first Saturday of the regular term, and 
 shall contain statements of the applicant's full name, age. 
 place of residence for the two years immediately preceding 
 the date of his application, with whom he has read law, or 
 in what schools he has studied law, and for how long a period ; 
 also the text-books he has read. The application must also 
 be accompanied by a certificate of at least two attorneys of 
 the Supreme Court in good standing, each of whom shall have 
 been regularly engaged in practice for not less than four years 
 next theretofore, containing statements as to the applicant's 
 qualifications in point of learning of the law, the time he has 
 spent upon the study of the law, naming the place at which 
 and the person under whom such study was prosecuted ; also 
 any other appropriate requirements he may have attained. 
 Said attorneys shall also state that in their opinion the appli- 
 
 (43)
 
 44 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 
 
 cant possesses the requisite qualifications to entitle him to be 
 admitted to practice. 
 
 Ezamiiiation — Reg^ulatious — Scope — Fee — Time and Place of 
 Holding. 
 
 Examinations are held the first Saturday of each regular 
 term of the court. Terms are held at Boise City and Lewis- 
 ton; time being fixed by the court. The candidate shall in 
 open court prepare written answers to the list of questions 
 propounded by the Supreme Court. No information as to the 
 substance of any of the questions asked or the subjects treated 
 in the examination will be given to the iapplicants before the 
 date set for the examination. A fee of $25 shall be paid to 
 the State Treasurer, receipt for which payment must be pre- 
 sented to the clerk of the Supreme Court before a license will 
 be issued. A fee of $3 shall be paid to the clerk for the li- 
 cense. 
 
 Admission of Attorneys from Other Jurisdictions. 
 
 One who has been admitted in the highest court of another 
 state or territory may be admitted in the Supreme Court of 
 this state upon filing with the clerk a certificate from such 
 court, together with an affidavit showing that he is still in 
 good standing. In case he cannot produce his certificate proof 
 of the facts may be shown by his affidavit. The examina- 
 tion may be dispensed with (but not his personal appearance 
 in open court) in case of any person who has been actually en- 
 gaged in the practice of law as a principal occupation under 
 license or certificate from the highest court of another stat& 
 or territory for not less than three years immediately preced- 
 ing, and who is in good standing as such. The law requires 
 the court to satisfy itself, by questioning the applicant under 
 oath and by such other means as it may adopt, that he has 
 been engaged in actual practice as above stated.
 
 RULES FOR ADMIS&/ON TO THE BAR. 45 
 
 IDAHO DECISIONS. 
 
 1866 to 1913. 
 
 A complete set of Idaho Reports (down to 1913) consists of 
 21 vols. The Pacific Reporter, 128 vols., contains all Idaho 
 decisions from and including vol. 2 (1881), and all decisions 
 for the last 30 years of Arizona, California, Colorado, Kansas, 
 Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Oregon, Utah, 
 Washington, and Wyoming. Owing to the limited quantity of 
 local precedents, it is necessary to go to other states for case- 
 law authorities, and the Pacific is usually regarded as indispen- 
 sable. 
 
 The Idaho Code was adapted from that of California, and 
 the decisions of that state are therefore followed closely by the 
 Idaho courts. The Pacific Reporter contains nearly 70 per 
 cent, of all the decisions as reported in the California Reports 
 and, in addition, upward of 1,800 decisions omitted from the 
 State Reports, and only published in the Reporter. The tables 
 of cross-citations furnished with the Pacific make it a simple 
 matter to find cases, even if cited to the State Reports only. 
 Write for prices and full information. 
 
 West Publishing Co.. St. Paul, Minn.
 
 Illinois. 
 
 Citizenship — Residence — Age — Character. 
 
 Every applicant for admission shall present to the board of 
 examiners his affidavit, or that of some other reputable person 
 for him, that he is a citizen of the United States, or has de- 
 clared his intention of becoming a citizen thereof, a resident 
 of this state, and 21 years of age ; also, a certified transcript 
 of record from a court of record of this state showing that 
 the petitioner is of good moral character, which transcript 
 shall show that at least two reputable attorneys of such court 
 of record appeared before said court and testified that appli- 
 cant was a person of good moral character. 
 
 Application — When to be Filed — Fee. 
 
 Applications must be filed with the Secretary of the Board 
 of Examiners, Wm. B. Wright, Effingham, 111., at least three 
 weeks before the meeting of the board at which the applicant 
 desires to be examined, and must be accompanied by all the 
 proofs required by the rules of the Supreme Court and the 
 Board of Examiners. All applications must be on the printed 
 forms prescribed by the Board of Examiners. A fee of $10 
 shall accompany each application. 
 
 General Education. 
 
 Before entering upon the examination, the petitioner shall 
 offer proof of a preliminary education, other than legal, equal 
 to that required to obtain a diploma in a high school in this 
 state. A three years' English course — consisting of Algebia, 
 Geometr>% Ancient History, Physiology, Rhetoric, Physics and 
 Physical Geography, each one year; Bookkeeping and English 
 Composition, one year; Mediaeval and ]\Iodern History, with 
 special reference to English and American History, one year ; 
 
 (46)
 
 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAB. 47 
 
 English and American Literature, one year — will be accepted 
 as such equivalent. In case of omission by the appUcant of 
 any one or more of such studies, except English and American 
 History and Literature, the equivalent of such omitted study 
 or studies in any science, or in any classical or modern lan- 
 guage, especially Latin, will be accepted in lieu of such onu't- 
 red study or studies. 
 
 Term of Study. 
 
 Every applicant, except those who apply for admission by 
 virtue of admission in another state or foreign country, shall 
 offer satisfactory proof that he has pursued for the period of 
 three years, during at least 36 weeks in each year, a course of 
 law studies covering the subjects below enumerated, naming 
 the books read, and that such law studies have been pursued 
 in some established law school requiring personal attendance 
 and recitation averaging 10 hours per week or under the tuition 
 of one or more licensed lawyers; a portion of the time under 
 either system, the remainder under the other, being allowable. 
 If the term of study has been spent in a lawyer's office, appli- 
 cant must show that he has submitted to a regular examination 
 by such lawyer or lawyers during said period, upon each sub- 
 ject. 
 
 Examination — Regulations — Scope — Time and Place of Holding. 
 
 Examinations are held at Ottawa on last Tuesday of Feb- 
 ruary, at Chicago on first Tuesday after July 4th, at Spring- 
 field on first Tuesday of October, and at Alt. Vernon on first 
 Tuesday of December — all at 9 o'clock a. m. 
 
 The test, written in whole or in part, shall be as nearly as 
 possible uniform throughout the state, and shall consist of ques- 
 tions upon the subjects of Real and Personal Property, Person- 
 al Rights, Torts, Contracts, Evidence, Common-Law and Equi- 
 ty Pleading, Partnerships, Bailments, Negotiable Instruments,
 
 48 EULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 
 
 Principal and Agent, Conflict of Laws, Principal and Surety, 
 Domestic Relations, Wills, Corporations, Equity Jurispru- 
 dence, Criminal Law, and upon the Principles of the Constitu- 
 tions of the State and of the United States, and Legal Ethics. 
 If the applicant has fulfilled the general qualifications and sat- 
 isfactorily passed the examination, the board shall report that 
 state of facts to the Supreme Court, and a license shall be 
 granted upon avowal by the applicant of the oath prescribed 
 by law. In case of failure in the examination, the applicant 
 shall not be admitted to another test until at least one exami- 
 nation has intervened after such rejection, and shall file with 
 the board proof that he has studied law during the intervening 
 time subsequent to the prior examination. 
 
 Admission of Attorneys from Other Jurisdictions. 
 
 Attorneys from other states shall be admitted in this state, 
 exempt from the written examination by the board, by pre- 
 senting to the Board of Examiners their license from said 
 state, or a copy of the record of the court, entitling them to 
 practice in the highest courts of such state, and proof that in 
 the state in which the license was issued the requirements for 
 admission, when they were admitted, were equal to those pre- 
 scribed in this state, or that they have practiced five full years 
 in courts of record under their license, and shall offer proof, 
 too, of their general qualifications, as required of applicants 
 of this state. The board shall certify to the Supreme Court 
 those persons entitled to admission. 
 
 Sex No Bar to Admission. 
 
 No person shall be refused a license to practice on account 
 of sex. 
 
 Source of Rules. 
 
 Kurd's Rev. St. 1909, c. 13, §§ 1-4; Rules of Supreme Court 
 and State Board of Law Examiners published Jan. 1, 191 L
 
 EULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 49 
 
 ILLINOIS DECISIONS. 
 
 1819 to 1913. 
 
 A complete set of Illinois Reports (down to 1913) consists 
 of 255 vols. All decisions from and including vol. 114 are 
 reported in the Northeastern Reporter, 99 vols., together with 
 all decisions for the last 28 years from Indiana, Massachusetts, 
 New York, and Ohio. The set is sold for a small part of the 
 cost of the corresponding State Reports. Indeed, it costs more 
 to keep up the Illinois Reports alone than it does to continue the 
 Northeastern Reporter. Tables of cross-citations make the 
 cases perfectly available, however cited. 
 
 The Northeastern Reporter, containing, as it does, all the 
 current decisions of the states in which the great commercial 
 centers of the country are located, is considered the best set of 
 reports on commercial law and kindred topics extant. 
 
 The Illinois Appellate Court Reports, of which there are 
 nov^ 168 vols. (1877-1913), cover the decisions of inferior 
 courts of appellate jurisdiction and are published in Illinois. 
 We will furnish full information and prices on request. 
 
 West Pdblishino Co., St. Paul, Minn.
 
 Indiana. 
 
 Citizenship— Age — Character. 
 
 Every voter of the state, of good moral character, shall be 
 entitled to practice. 
 
 Examination — Regulations — Scope. 
 
 Owing to the constitutional provision, the court is limited 
 in its power to regulate admissions. The examinations are 
 usually oral and of brief duration. No examination as to legal 
 attainments can be made over the objection of the applicant. 
 
 Admission of Attorneys from Other Jurisdictions. 
 
 The court shall permit attorneys from other states to prac- 
 tice in this state during the continuance of the term in which 
 application was made, upon taking the prescribed oath. 
 
 Miscellaneous. 
 
 The Supreme Court has decided (134 Ind. GGo, 34 N. E. 641) 
 that the provisions of the Constitution which declare that per- 
 sons of good moral character, being voters, shall be admitted to 
 practice law, do not prohibit the admission of women to prac- 
 tice. 
 
 Source of Rules. 
 
 Constitution, art. 7, § 21 ; Burns' Ann. St, 1908, §§ 181, 997, 
 999. ; 
 
 INDIANA DECISIONS. 
 
 1817 to 1913. 
 
 A complete set of Indiana Reports (down to 1913) consists 
 of: 
 
 Blackford, 8 vols. 
 Indiana, 175 vols., 1820-1913. 
 Indiana Appellate, 47 vols., 1890-1913. 
 (50)
 
 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 
 
 61 
 
 The Northeastern Reporter, 99 vols., contains all decisions 
 of Indiana from and including vol. 102, and all of the Indiana 
 appellate court decisions. The set also contains all decisions 
 for the last 28 years from Illinois, Massachusetts, New York, 
 and Ohio. Tables of cross-citations make the cases perfectly 
 available, however cited. The set sells at but a fraction of the 
 cost of the corresponding State Reports. The Northeastern 
 is, moreover, the best set of reports for a commercial and cor- 
 poration practice, as it contains the decisions from the states in 
 which are located the great commercial centers of the country. 
 Write us for full information and price. 
 
 West Publishing Co., St. Paul, Minn.
 
 Iowa. 
 
 Citizensliip— Residence — Age — Character. 
 
 In this state the applicant for admission shall be an inhabit- 
 ant of the state, of the age of 31, and of good moral character. 
 The latter fact must be certified by the" district judge or clerk 
 of district court in the district or county of the applicant's res- 
 idence. 
 
 Applications — AVhen to be Filed. 
 
 Applications, on forms which will be furnished by the clerk 
 of the Supreme Court, Des Moines, must be filed with the 
 clerk ten days before commencement of term at which exami- 
 nation is to be taken, and must be accompanied by a fee of $5. 
 
 Proof of qualification as to age and residence shall be 
 by the affidavit of the applicant and the affidavits of at least 
 two witnesses for him. Proof of term of study shall be by 
 affidavit of the attorney or judge in whose office applicant 
 studied; or, if he has studied at a law school, by the affidavit 
 of one or more of the professors or instructors of such school. 
 
 General Education. 
 
 Applicant shall have acquired a preliminary education, other 
 than legal, equivalent to that involved in the completion of a 
 high-school course of at least three years' duration. Appli- 
 cants not furnishing satisfactory proof of this qualification 
 shall be subject to written tests before the Board of Examin- 
 ers on the subjects of Orthography, Reading. Writing, Arith- 
 metic, Geography, English Grammar, United States and Eng- 
 lish History, Elementary Algebra, Elementary Physics, Ele- 
 mentary Economics, Civil Government, and the Elementar\- 
 Principles of the Government Land Surveys. 
 
 (52)
 
 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 53 
 
 Term of Study. 
 
 He shall have pursued diligently a course of study in the 
 ofifice of a practicing attorney or of a judge of a court of rec- 
 ord of this or another state or in a reputable law school in 
 the United States for a term of three years, or partly in such 
 office and partly in such law school 
 
 Examination — Regulations — Scope ■— Fee — Time and Place of 
 Holding. 
 
 Examinations are held at the Capitol at Des Moines on first 
 Tuesday in October and on the Tuesday before the first Thurs- 
 day in June; and at the University at Iowa City commencing 
 on the first Thursday preceding the annual commencement. 
 
 The Attorney General, with five members of the bar from 
 this state, appointed by the court, shall constitute the Board of 
 Examiners, who shall test the applicants as to their legal quali- 
 fications by propounding to them at least fifty questions, to be 
 answered in writing, and as many more as they may see fit, to 
 be answered orally. No person shall be recommended for ad- 
 mission who does not receive a marking of at least 75 per cent. 
 on a basis of 100 per cent, for the entire examination. After 
 the examination, if successful, the candidate shall take the 
 prescribed oath. If unsuccessful he shall be precluded from 
 again entering upon the examinations for three months from 
 the time of failure. 
 
 Admission of Attorneys from Other Jurisdictions. 
 
 Any person, becoming a resident of this state after admission 
 in another state while a resident thereof, may be licensed here, 
 exempt from the examination or proof of the required term of 
 study, if his other qualifications are satisfactory to the court, 
 and he has practiced in such other state for one year after his 
 admission.
 
 54 RULKS FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 
 
 Students in Law Department of State University. 
 
 Students in the Law Department of the State University 
 who are recommended for graduation by the faculty, provided 
 the three-years course of study has been pursued, one year at 
 least in such Law School, may be examined at the University 
 by the commission and admitted without further test. 
 
 Source of Rules. 
 
 Ann. Code 1897, §§ 309-315; Code Supp. 1907, §§ 310-315; 
 Rules Sup. Ct. Jan. 1. 1911 (128 N. W. v); Rules of Board 
 of Examiners, Aug. 28, 1901 (87 N. W. v). 
 
 IOWA DECISIONS. 
 
 1839 to 1913. 
 
 A complete set of Iowa Reports (down to 1913) consists of : 
 Morris, 1 vol. 
 G. Greene, 4 vols. 
 Iowa, 153 vols. 
 
 All the decisions of Iowa subsequent to vol. 50 are reported 
 in the Northwestern Reporter, 137 vols., together with all de- 
 cisions for the last 34 years, from Michigan, Minnesota, Ne- 
 braska, Wisconsin, and all the decisions of Dakota Territory 
 and North and South Dakota. Cross-citation tables make the 
 cases perfectly available, however cited. The cost of the set is 
 less than one-fifth the cost of the corresponding State Reports. 
 
 The Northwestern is generally regarded by the Iowa lawyer 
 as indispensable. As one of the well-known attorneys and 
 statesmen puts it : "We would as soon think of keeping house 
 without a cook stove as to try and practice law without the 
 Northwestern." Write us for full description and price. 
 
 West Publishinq Co., St. Paul, Minn.
 
 Kansas. 
 
 Citizensliip— Character. 
 
 The applicant must be a citizen of the United States, and 
 must file with the secretary of the Board of Examiners a cer- 
 tificate as to his moral character, signed by a judge of the dis- 
 trict or common pleas court and three members of the bar of 
 the county in which he resides or has lately resided. 
 
 Application — Credentials — Fee. 
 
 The applicant's petition, in his own handwriting and verified 
 by his affidavit, must be filed with the clerk of the Supreme 
 Court at Topeka at least 30 days before the examination, and 
 must state his full name, residence, place and date of birth, 
 and, if foreign born, the facts showing that he is a citizen of 
 the United States ; also his occupation and residence during 
 the preceding five years. If a graduate of a law school, it 
 must give the name and location of the school and date of 
 graduation, or, if not a law school graduate, must state peti- 
 tioner's general education, exclusive of legal study, where, 
 when and with whom law studies were pursued, and the books 
 read. A fee of $25 shall accompany the application, which 
 fee shall be returned in case the applicant fails to pass the 
 examination. Diplomas and all other credentials and papers 
 required by the rules must be filed with the secretary of the 
 board, Mr. William Easton Hutchison, Garden City, Kan., at 
 least three weeks before the first day of the examination. 
 
 General ZSduoation. 
 
 As a guide to the requirements of the preliminary examina- 
 tion as to applicant's educational qualifications, the board has 
 
 (55)
 
 56 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 
 
 provided the following list of subjects in which the applicant 
 is expected to have received instruction : Three years' English 
 Grammar, Rhetoric, and Literature; Arithmetic, Algebra, 
 Geometry; General History; Roman, English, and American 
 History; Civil Government; the Elements of Physics, Physi- 
 cal Geography, Botany, Biology, Political Economy, and Soci- 
 ology. 
 
 A diploma or properly authenticated certificate showing that 
 applicant is a graduate of the State University, or other ac- 
 credited university, college, or high school, will be accepted as 
 evidence that he possesses the requisite educational qualifica- 
 tions to entitle him to examination in the law. In lieu of such 
 diploma or certificate, the affidavit of the applicant and his 
 teacher or teachers, or other satisfactory evidence, will be ac- 
 cepted by the Supreme Court. 
 
 Term of Study. 
 
 Applicant must have studied three years in the office of a 
 practicing attorney, or be a graduate of the Law Department 
 of the University of Kansas or some other law school of equal 
 requirements and reputation. 
 
 Examination — Regrnl^tions — Scope— Time and Place of Holding. 
 
 Examinations are held at Topeka, in the Supreme Court 
 room, on the third Mondays of Januar}' and June. Such ex- 
 aminations are held in open court, and shall be oral or in writ- 
 ing, or partly one and partly the other, in the discretion of the 
 board, and shall cover such of the following or other subjects 
 as the court may require : Elementary Law, Roman Law, Per- 
 sonal Property, Constitutional History and Law, International 
 Law, Conflict of Laws, Equity Jurisprudence, Equity Pleading 
 and Practice, Contracts, Evidence, Real Property, Mortgages, 
 Negotiable Instruments, Agency, Sales, Bailments, Partner-
 
 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 
 
 57 
 
 ship, Corporations, Carriers, Municipal Corporations, Torts, 
 Wills and Administration, Insurance, Extraordinary Legal 
 Remedies, Provisional Remedies under Kansas Statutes, Do- 
 mestic Relations, Civil Procedure, Criminal Law, Common 
 Law Pleading, Federal Practice, Kansas Code Pleading and 
 Practice, Legal Ethics. The board shall report to the Su- 
 preme Court the results of the examination. In case applicant 
 fails to pass, he shall be allowed to file a subsequent applica- 
 tion only upon the written consent of at least three members 
 of the board. 
 
 Admission of Attorneys from Other Jurisdictions. 
 
 All applicants who shall be otherwise qualified, and who have 
 been admitted to practice in the highest court of another juris- 
 diction, and have practiced there continuously for a period of 
 three years or more, and continued to practice there or else- 
 where up to the time of making application here, shall consti- 
 tute a class and be examined separately, in such manner as the 
 board may determine. Their petition must state the time and 
 place of admission to practice, and the place or places in which 
 they have practiced, with the time of practice in each case; 
 also whether disbarment proceedings have ever been begun 
 against the applicant, and the result. 
 
 Miscellaneous. 
 
 Any resident admitted to practice in the district and inferior 
 courts of this state prior to June 1, 1903, will be admitted to 
 practice in this court on motion and payment of a fee of $3 
 to the clerk of the court. 
 
 Source of Rules. 
 
 Gen. St. 1909, §§ 428-431; Sup. Ct. Rules 25-28; Rules 
 Board of Examiners.
 
 58 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAB. 
 
 KANSAS DECISIONS. 
 
 1858 to 1913. 
 
 A complete set of Kansas Reports (down to 1913) consists 
 of: 
 
 Kansas, 87 vols., 1862-1913. 
 Kansas Appeals, 10 vols., 1895-1903. 
 
 All decisions of Kansas, from and including vol. 30, and all 
 Kansas Appellate decisions, are reported in the Pacific Report- 
 er, 128 vols. The set also contains all decisions for the last 30 
 years from California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, 
 New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming, and all 
 decisions of Arizona and Oklahoma. The tables of cross-cita- 
 tions furnished with the Pacific make it a simple matter to find 
 the cases, even if cited by the State Report page and volume. 
 The set sells for less than one-fourth of the cost of the corre- 
 sponding State Reports. We will be pleased to furnish detailed 
 information and price on request. 
 
 West Pubi,T3htno C5o.. St. Paul. Minn.
 
 Kentucky. 
 
 Citizenship— Age — Character. 
 
 The applicant shall be 21 years of age, and shall file with his 
 petition the certificate of the county court of the county in which 
 he resides, stating that he is a person of honesty, probity, and 
 good demeanor. 
 
 Application— When to be Filed. 
 
 After receipt of the certificate of the county court, the can- 
 didate shall, at least ten days before the beginning of the next 
 regular term, file with the clerk of the circuit court of any 
 county in a circuit court district in which the applicant does not 
 reside, a written application for a license, addressed to the 
 judge and accompanied by the certificate above referred to. 
 
 Examination — Regulations — Scope — Fee. 
 
 The examination shall be set for some day of the current term. 
 Each applicant shall be examined by the circuit judge and at 
 least two lawyers in Equity Jurisprudence, Common Law, Con- 
 stitutional Law, both B'ederal and State, Criminal Law, Torts, 
 Real Property, Contracts, Pleading, Evidence, Negotiable In- 
 struments, and Public and Private Corporations. If a general 
 average of 75 per cent, is received, the license shall be issued 
 upon the payment of the regular fees to the clerk. This license 
 entitles the holder to practice in all the courts of the state. 
 
 Admission of Attorneys from Other Jurisdictions. 
 
 Under Acts 1!)0:.?. p. 45, §§ 1-9, attorneys from other juris- 
 dictions are not admitted without examination on presentation 
 of certificate, as heretofore, but must comply with the same 
 rules as are prescribed for applicants residing in the state. 
 This act, however, does not prevent a nonresident attorney in 
 good standing from appearing and practicing in a case in which 
 he may be employed. Such attorneys may be admitted to prac- 
 
 (50)
 
 60 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAB. 
 
 tice for the time and purpose of such case by appearing in, and 
 being introduced to, the court. No oath is administered. 
 
 Admission in Court of Appeals. 
 
 No special Hcense is required to be admitted to practice in 
 the Court of Appeals. It is only necessary that attorneys in 
 good standing, residents of the state, appear in open court and 
 take the oaths prescribed by the Constitution and laws of the 
 commonwealth of Kentucky. 
 
 Source of Rules. 
 
 Laws 1902, c. 45, §§ 1-9; Carroll's St. 1909, §§ 97, 98 
 
 (Russell's St. §§ 4991-4999). See Petition of Creste, 98 S. 
 
 W. 282. 
 
 KENTUCKY DECISIONS. 
 
 1785 to 1913. 
 
 A complete set of Kentucky Reports (down to 1913) con- 
 sists of: 
 
 Hughes, 1 vol. 
 
 Kentucky Decisions (Sneed), 1 vol. 
 
 Hardin, 1 vol. 
 
 Bibb, 4 vols. 
 
 Marshall (A. K.), 3 vols. 
 
 Littell, 5 vols. 
 
 Littell's Select Cases, 1 vol. 
 
 ^lonroe (T. B.), 7 vols. 
 
 Marshall (J. J.), 7 vols. 
 
 Dana, 9 vols. 
 
 Monroe (Ben.), 18 vols. 
 
 Metcalfe, 4 vols. 
 
 Duvall, 2 vols. 
 
 Bush, 14 vols. 
 
 Kentucky, vols. 78 to 150.
 
 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 61 
 
 These by no means represent all of the Kentucky decisions, 
 however. The Southwestern Reporter, 151 vols., contains, in 
 addition to all of the decisions in Kentucky Reports, vols. 85 
 to 150, several thousand decisions handed down during the 
 period covered by these reports, which are not published 
 in the State Reports. To have all of the decisions of one's 
 own state is an absolute necessity; hence the general use of 
 the Southwestern Reporter in Kentucky. 
 
 In addition to the Kentucky decisions, the set contains all de- 
 cisions for the last 27 years from Arkansas, Indian Territory, 
 Missouri, Tennessee, and Texas. The tables of cross-citations 
 furnished with the Southwestern make it a simple matter to 
 find the cases, even if cited by the State Report page and vol- 
 ume. The set sells at but a fraction of the cost of the corre- 
 sponding State Reports. Write us for prices and full informa- 
 tion. 
 
 West Publishing Co., St Paul, Minn.
 
 Louisiana. 
 
 Citizenship — Age— Character. 
 
 The court shall require of the candidate for admission evi- 
 dence of citizenship of the state or of the declaration of citi- 
 zenship, and the other qualifications of a voter, together with 
 proof of good moral character. 
 
 Application. 
 
 Application, in writing, shall be made to the clerk of the 
 Supreme Court at New Orleans. Each applicant shall fill out 
 in his own handwriting and file with the clerk a certificate, on 
 a form furnished by the clerk, showing compliance with the 
 requirements as to citizenship, character and term of study. 
 
 Term of Study. 
 
 Evidence of three years' study under the direction of a re- 
 spectable counsellor and attorney at law will be required, after 
 Jan. 1, 1913. The attorney or attorneys under whom such 
 study has been pursued shall certify in detail the course of 
 study pursued and works read by the student and the number 
 of hours, approximately, in each year. Provided, that time 
 spent as a student at Louisiana State University or Tulane 
 University may be counted as a part of said three years' study. 
 
 Esamination — Regulations — Scope — Fee — "Where Held. 
 
 The application, together with certificates, is referred by 
 the' clerk of the Supreme Court to the committee of examin- 
 ers exercising jurisdiction in the district of applicant's resi- 
 dence, who shall test each applicant separately upon the sub- 
 jects of Wilson on International Law, Cooley's Principles 
 of Constitutional Law, Sohm's Institutes of Roman Law. Do- 
 mat's Civil Law, Pothier on Obligations, History of Civil Law 
 in Louisiana, Civil Code and Code of Practice of Louisiana, 
 Benedict's Admiralty Law (4th Ed.) Pomeroy's Equity (Stu- 
 
 (62)
 
 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 63 
 
 dent's Edition), Huffcutt's Edition of Anson on Contracts, 
 Burdick on Torts (2d Ed.), McKelvey on Evidence, Bige- 
 low on Bills and Notes, Alinor on Conflict of Laws, Richards 
 on Insurance, Alarshall on Corporations, Clark & Marshall 
 on Crimes, Hughes Federal Practice, Louisiana statutes of a 
 general nature, and the laws of Louisiana as settled by the 
 decisions of the Supreme Court. Provided, that satisfactory 
 equivalents may be accepted for any of the works above pre- 
 scribed. On the production of a certificate from the committee 
 that the candidate has been examined by them upon the above 
 works, and that he, in their opinion, is qualified for admission 
 to the bar, the court will admit him to a public examination, 
 and, if such examination is satisfactory and a fee of $10 has 
 been paid, to the clerk, a license will be granted and the pre- 
 scribed oath administered. Applicants who have been re- 
 jected shall not be re-examined or admitted to practice for six 
 months after such rejection, and a new application and cer- 
 tificate of competency from the committee shall be required 
 in such cases. 
 
 There are four committees of examination, located, respec- 
 tively at New Orleans, Monroe, Opelousas, and Shreveport. 
 The several committees will meet when summoned by their 
 respective chairmen. The public examination by the court will 
 be held on the first Monday that the court sits in the months 
 of October, December, February, April and June. 
 
 Admission of Attorneys from Other Jurisdictions. 
 
 A license shall be granted an applicant upon production of a 
 permit to practice in another state and evidence of good char- 
 acter and qualification of legal abilities as shown by an examina- 
 tion in open court, before one of the justices of the Supreme 
 Court or two judges of the district court. Applicants under 
 this rule who are rejected shall not be re-examined or ad- 
 mitted to practice for six months after such rejection anrl a
 
 64 RULES FOB ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 
 
 new application and certificate of competency from the prop- 
 er committee shall be required in such cases. 
 
 Admission on Diploma. 
 
 Presentation of a diploma from the Law Department of the 
 Louisiana State University or the Tulane University of Louisi- 
 ana shall entitle the recipient to a license upon proof of good 
 moral character. 
 
 Women may be Admitted. 
 
 Under Acts 1894, p. 157, women who have graduated from 
 a law school in this state are entitled to admission to practice. 
 
 Source of Rules. 
 
 Rev. Laws 1904, §§ 111-115, 756, and page 1843 ; Act 93, 
 p. 136, of 1908; Sup. Ct. Rules (54 South, vi, vii). 
 
 LOUISIANA DECISIONS. 
 
 1809 to 1913. 
 
 A complete set of Louisiana Reports (down to 1913) con- 
 sists of: 
 
 Martin, 13 vols. 
 
 Martin (N. S.) 8 vols. 
 
 Louisiana, 19 vols. 
 
 Robinson, 12 vols. 
 
 Louisiana Annuals, 53 vols. 
 
 Louisiana Reports, vols. 104 to 130. 
 
 Manning's Unrep. Cas. 
 The early volumes of the Louisiana Reports, however, have 
 long been out of print, and are very scarce and expensive. 
 This situation has worked the greatest inconvenience to the 
 bench and bar for years past, and, in recognition of the gener- 
 al demand for a new and complete edition of these Reports, we 
 have undertaken the publication of a complete and annotated
 
 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 65 
 
 Reprint of the Louisiana Reports, to cover the following vol- 
 umes: Martin (O. S.) 1-13; Martin (N. S.) 1-8; Louisiana, 
 19 vols.; Robinson, 12 vols.; Louisiana Annual, vols. 1-18; 
 Manning's Unreported Cases — a total of 100 original volumes, 
 to be bound in 55 books, beginning with vol. 48 La. Ann. and 
 working backward. Everything in the original Reports, in- 
 cluding the paging, is preserved. Full annotations are added, 
 showing where each case has been subsequently cited by the 
 Louisiana Supreme Court, as well as prior and subsequent 
 reports of the same case, and also showing disposition of each 
 case that has gone to. the Supreme Court of the United States. 
 Annotations to the Century Digest are also made, showini^, 
 in connection with each case, the exact places in the Century 
 Digest where the cognate authorities have been collected and 
 compared, thus bringing together all the law applicable to any 
 particular case. References to the annotations in the Ameri- 
 can Decisions and American Reports are also added. This 
 Reprint is sold in complete sets only. Books 6 to 55 are now 
 issued, covering vols. 1 Louisiana to 48 Louisiana Annual. 
 Detailed information regarding this Reprint will be sent on 
 request. 
 
 The Southern Reporter, 60 vols., contains all decisions in 
 Louisiana Annuals, 39 to 53, and Louisiana Reports, ' 104 ' to 
 130, and, in addition, all decisions for the last 26 years of Ala- 
 bama, Florida, and Mississippi. The tables of cross-citations 
 furnished with the Southern make it a simple matter to find 
 the cases, even if cited by the State Report page and volume. 
 The set sells at but a fraction of the cost of the corresponding 
 State Reports. We publish an edition of Louisiana Reports, 
 commencing with the 49th Annual, known as the '"N. R. S. 
 Ed." Beginning with vol. 109 our edition became the "official 
 edition." Write us for prices and full information. 
 
 West Puelisiiinq Co., St. Paul, Minn.
 
 Maine. 
 
 Citizenship — Age — Character. 
 
 Among the qualifications requisite for admission to the bar 
 are citizenship and residence in the state, the age of majority, 
 and good moral character, which last shall be certified to by 
 some practicing attorney within the state. 
 
 Application — \Vhen to be Filed. 
 
 Applications, on blanks furnished by the Secretary of the 
 Board of Examiners on request, should be filed with the Sec- 
 retary, John B. Madigan, Houlton, Me., at least four weeks 
 in advance of the examination. A fee of $20 shall accompany 
 each application. 
 
 Term of Study. 
 
 Applicant must have studied law for three years either in the 
 office of a practicing attorney or in a recognized law school, 
 proof of which must be by certificate from the attorney in 
 whose office such studies were pursued or by the dean or sec- 
 retary of the law school, as the case may be. 
 
 Examination — Regulations — Scope — Time and Place of Holding. 
 
 Examinations are held twice a year, one at Bangor, in the 
 county of Penobscot, on the first Tuesday of February, and 
 one at Portland, in the county of Cumberland, on the first 
 Tuesday of August. The Board of Examiners is composed 
 of five competent la-\vyers of the state, appointed by the 
 Governor on the recommendation of the Chief Justice. 
 Applicant shall be required to submit to a written ex- 
 amination, and to an oral one, if deemed necessary, on the 
 principles of the common law applicable to the following 
 
 (66)
 
 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 67 
 
 subjects: Real Property, Torts, Evidence, Pleading, Con- 
 tracts, Bills and Notes, Criminal Law, and such other com- 
 mon-law subjects as the board may from time to time se- 
 lect; also upon Equity. A general average of 70 per cent, 
 is required in order to entitle applicant to the certificate 
 of the board. The board, however, has power to estab- 
 lish such higher grades of standing as to them may seem 
 proper. Any applicant failing to pass the examination may 
 again apply after six months, by showing to the board that 
 he has diligently pursued the study of the law six months 
 prior to the examination. If such second application is within 
 one year after his first examination, he shall not be required 
 to pay an extra fee for the second examination. 
 
 After procuring his certificate from the board, the applicant 
 can then, on motion made in open court, be regularly admitted 
 to practice law in Maine, by any justice of the Supreme Judi- 
 cial Court. 
 
 Admission of Attorneys from Other Jurisdictions. 
 
 Any attorney residing within or without the state, who has 
 been a member of the bar of another state, in good standing 
 and active practice, for at least three years, may be admitted to 
 practice on motion before the Supreme Judicial Court, upon the 
 production of a certificate of admission to practice in the court 
 of last resort of such state or any Circuit Court of the United 
 States, together with a recommendation from one of the judges 
 of such courts. 
 
 Sex No Bar to Admission. 
 
 No person shall be denied license to practice on account of 
 sex. 
 
 Source of Rules. 
 
 Rev. St. c. 81, §§ 23-?r; Rules of Bar Examiners.
 
 68 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAE. 
 
 MAINE DECISIONS. 
 
 1820 to 1913. 
 
 A complete set of Maine Reports (down to 1913) consists 
 of 108 vols. All decisions of Maine subsequent to vol. 77 are 
 reported in full in the Atlantic Reporter, 84 vols., together 
 with all decisions for the last 28 years of Connecticut, Dela- 
 ware, Maryland, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, 
 Rhode Island, and Vermont. The Atlantic also includes some 
 2,500 decisions which have not been and will not be published 
 in the State Reports. Over 150 of the omitted cases are from 
 Maine, and can only be found in the Atlantic. Can you afford 
 to be without part of your own state's decisions ? The tables 
 of cross-citations furnished with the Atlantic make it a simple 
 matter to find the cases, even if cited by the State Report page 
 and volume. The set sells at a fraction of the cost of the cor- 
 responding State Reports. Write us for further information 
 and price. 
 
 West Publishing Co., St. Paul, Miun.
 
 Maryland 
 
 Citizenship— Age— Cliaracter. 
 
 The laws governing admission to practice provide that the 
 applicant must be 21 years of age, of good moral character, 
 and an actual bona fide resident of the state at the time he 
 applies for admission. 
 
 Application — Where and When to be Filed — Fee. 
 
 Applications for admission shall be made by petition to the 
 Court of Appeals, and then referred by the Court of Appeals to 
 the board of examiners, consisting of three members of the bar 
 of at least 10 years' standing, appointed by said court. All 
 applications must be on blank forms, which may be obtained 
 from the clerk of the Court of Appeals, Hon. C. C. Magruder, 
 Annapolis, or the secretary of the board, Hon. John Hinkley, 
 215 N. Charles St., Baltimore, Md., and must be filed with the 
 clerk at least 10 days before the time set forth for the exami- 
 nation. A fee of $25 shall be paid to the treasurer of the 
 Board of Examiners when filing the application, which sum 
 shall entitle the applicant to three examinations and no more. 
 
 Term of Study. 
 
 Petitioner must have studied law in the office of a member of 
 the bar of this state or in a law school of the United States 
 for at least two years, and must file with his petition a certificate 
 from the attorney in whose office he studied, or the dean or in- 
 structor of the law school, to the effect that petitioner has pur- 
 sued under his direction for at least two years the course of 
 study outlined below, and that petitioner is a person of good 
 moral character. 
 
 (69)
 
 70 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 
 
 £zainination — Reg^ulations — Scope— Time and Place of Holding. 
 
 Examinations are held in June and November, 30 days' no- 
 tice of the time and place being given by the board. Appli- 
 cants shall be tested as to their legal qualifications in the man- 
 ner designated by the uniform system of examination pre- 
 scribed by the Court of Appeals which includes a written ex- 
 amination upon the subjects of Elementary Law, Contracts, 
 Torts, Wills and x\dministration of Estates, Corporations, Evi- 
 dence, Equity, Real Property, Personal Property, Criminal 
 Law, Domestic Relations, Pleading and Practice at Law and 
 in Equity (at Common Law and in Maryland), Constitutional 
 Law, International Law, and Legal Ethics. The board may 
 also examine the applicant orally, if it sees fit. 
 
 Admission of Attorneys from Other Jurisdictions. 
 
 Members of the bar of any other state or territory within the 
 United States, who for five years after admission have been en- 
 gaged as practitioners, judges, or teachers of law, shall be ad- 
 mitted, after becoming residents of this state, without examina- 
 tion, on proof of such former admission and of good moral 
 character, and the payment of the usual fee for administering 
 the oath and issuing the certificate. Proof of good moral 
 character shall be by certificate of a judge of the state in 
 which he was admitted or by the certificate of two members 
 of the bar of this state showing how long they have known the 
 applicant, that he is of good moral character, a member of the 
 bar in good standing, and that he has been actively engaged 
 as practitioner or teacher of the law or judge in such state for 
 at least five years before the filing of his petition. 
 
 Admission on Diploma. 
 
 Students who have matriculated in the Law Department of 
 the University of ?\Iaryland or the Baltimore University School 
 of Law prior to January 1, 1898, shall be admitted as heretofore 
 upon presentation of diplomas.
 
 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 71 
 
 Miscellaneous. 
 
 Women sliall be permitted to practice law in this state upon 
 the same conditions and requirements as provided for with ref- 
 erence to men. 
 
 License to practice in the Court of Appeals entitles the 
 holder to practice in all other courts of the state. 
 
 The Court of Appeals has decided that study of law by 
 correspondence will not be accepted. 
 
 Source of Rules. 
 
 Pub. Gen. Laws 1904, art. 10, §§ 1-6; Laws 1902, c. 399; 
 Rules of Ct. of App. (44 Atl. v., vi K 
 
 MARYLAND DECISIONS. 
 
 1658 to 1913. 
 
 A complete set of Maryland Reports (down to 1913) con- 
 sists of : 
 
 Harris & McIIcnry, 4 vols. 
 
 Harris & Johnson, 7 vols. 
 
 Harris & Gill, 2 vols. 
 
 Gill & Johnson, 12 vols. 
 
 Gill, 9 vols. 
 
 Bland's Chancery. 3 vols. 
 
 Maryland Chancery, 4 vols. 
 
 Maryland, 117 vols. 
 The Atlantic Reporter, 84 vols., contains all decisions in 
 Maryland, vols. 64 to 117, and upward of 500 decisions which 
 have been omitted from the State Reports and can only be 
 found in the Atlantic. The set also contains all decisions for 
 the last 28 years from Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, New 
 Hampshire, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and
 
 72 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 
 
 Vermont. The tables of cross-citations furnished with the At- 
 lantic make it a simple matter to find the cases, even if cited by 
 the State Report page and volume. The Atlantic Reporter 
 costs but a small fraction of the cost of the corresponding 
 State Reports. Write for price and detailed information. 
 
 West Publishing Co., St Paul, Minn.
 
 Massachusetts. 
 
 Citizenship^Age — Character. 
 
 A citizen of the United States, or an alien who has declared 
 intention of becoming a citizen, whether man or woman, 21 
 years of age, and of good moral character, may be admitted 
 to the bar, if his legal qualifications are sufficient. 
 
 Application — Preliminary Requirements — Proof of Moral Char- 
 acter and Course of Study— Fee. 
 
 A petition shall be filed with the clerk of the court of the 
 county in which petitioner last studied law, at least five days 
 before the day of the examination, and shall be accompanied 
 by proof that the petitioner is entitled to be examined, together 
 with evidence of his good moral character, and of the course 
 of study, both general and legal, pursued by him. Such proof 
 shall include : (a) a certificate signed by the applicant, stating 
 his residence, place and date of birth, citizenship, course of 
 general study exclusive of legal study, when and where he 
 began the study of law, course of such study, and where he 
 last studied, any other occupation engage'd in since he began 
 the study of law; whether he has been examined for admis- 
 sion to the bar before, and if so, when and where, and with 
 what result, (b) A certificate of the attorney with whom he 
 has studied, or of the proper officer of the law school or 
 schools attended, containing statements as to the applicant's 
 moral character and the course of legal study pursued by him. 
 Blank forms for the certificates mentioned above may be 
 obtained from the clerk of court or the secretary of the 
 Board of Examiners, Frederick L. Greene, Greenfield, Mass. 
 Petition must be accompanied by entry fee of $15 and a fur- 
 ther fee of $10 for any subsequent petition. Any person who 
 has studied at a law school connected with a college or uni- 
 
 (73)
 
 74 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 
 
 versity within the commonwealth may file his application ei- 
 ther in the county in which such law school is established or 
 in the county of Suffolk. 
 
 General Education. 
 
 Applicant must have at least the equivalent of a high school 
 education. After February 1, 1914, applicant must show by 
 certificate that he is a graduate of a college or has passed the 
 entrance examinations of a college, or of the College Entrance 
 Examination Board or examinations substantially equivalent 
 thereto; or has complied with the entrance requirements of a 
 college; or is a graduate of a day high school or of a school 
 of equal grade; or has passed the examination given for ad- 
 mission to the State Normal Schools of Massachusetts in 
 the following subjects: (1) Language: English with its 
 grammar and literature. (2) United States History: The 
 history and civil government of Massachusetts and the United 
 States, with related geography and so much of English history 
 as is directly contributory to a knowledge of United States 
 history, (3) Latin or French. (4) Algebra or Plane Geom- 
 etry. (5) Any two of the following: Physiology and Hy- 
 giene; Physics; Chemistry; Botany; Physical Geography. A 
 certificate or certificates showing compliance with the fore- 
 going requirements must be filed with the chairman of the 
 board at least 10 days before the examination which the ap- 
 plicant desires to take. 
 
 Term of Study. 
 
 No person shall be eligible for examination for admission 
 to the bar until he shall have devoted three full years or their 
 equivalent (usual vacations excepted) to the study of law. 
 The board will consider as a compliance with this rule three 
 years study in any law school having a three year course and 
 holding regular day sessions, or four years study in any eve- 
 ning law school having a four year course, or three years
 
 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 75 
 
 study in the office of an attorney at law or elsewhere under 
 proper direction with not more than eight weeks vacation in 
 each year. Such period of study may be spent partly in a 
 law school and partly in an attorney's office or elsewhere un- 
 der proper directions. 
 
 Examination — Regulationjs — Scope — Fee — Time and Place of 
 Holding. 
 
 Examinations are held in Boston on or about January 1st 
 and July 1st of each year. Due notice of the time and place 
 will be given. Such examinations shall be in writing and shall 
 be based upon the following subjects, or some portion thereof: 
 Contracts, Torts, Real Property, Criminal Law, Evidence, 
 Equity, Corporations, Partnership, Mortgages, Suretyship, 
 Agency, Sales, Negotiable Instruments, Bailments, Carriers, 
 Wills, Probate Law, Domestic Relations, Trusts, Pleading, 
 Practice, Constitutional Law, Bankruptcy, and Legal Ethics. 
 In addition, the applicant should have knowledge of the gen- 
 eral principles of common law and of the most important pro- 
 visions of the Massachusetts statutes. 
 
 The names and places of residence of all persons recom- 
 mended by the board for admission shall be published once 
 a week for three successive weeks, in two daily newspapers 
 published in Baltimore, before the day fixed for the ratifica- 
 tion of the report of the board. If no exceptions are filed to 
 the report of the board within thirty days after such report 
 is filed, the recommendations contained in such report shall 
 be adopted, and the applicants admitted or rejected, as recom- 
 mended. No rejected person shall be re-examined within five 
 months from the prior examination. 
 
 Admission of Attorneys from Other Jurisdictions. 
 
 A citizen of the United States, or an alien who has declared 
 his intention to become a citizen, whether man or woman, 
 admitted to jjractice before the highest tribunal of another 
 state or country, of whicli he was an inhabitant, may be ad-
 
 76 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAB. 
 
 mitted to examination upon proof of such former admis- 
 sion and of good moral character, together with recommen- 
 dations from at least two members of the bar to which appli- 
 cant was admitted, and, if possible, a recommendation from 
 a judge of the highest court in the jurisdiction where appli- 
 cant was admitted ; also one or more recommendations, if pos- 
 sible, from members of the bar in Massachusetts. Blank cer- 
 tificates and forms may be procured from any of the clerks of 
 court, and each petition should be accompanied by a fee of 
 $15. One so admitted in another jurisdiction, who has prac- 
 ticed there for three years, may be admitted here without ex- 
 amination, in the discretion of the board. 
 
 Miscellaneous. 
 
 Women shall be granted licenses to practice upon showing 
 the qualifications before enumerated. No person who does 
 not intend to practice as an attorney in this commonwealth 
 shall be entitled to examination. 
 
 Source of Rules. 
 
 Rev. Laws, c. 165, §§ 39-43, as amended by Acts 1904, c. 
 355; Statutes and Rules in force March, 1912. 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS DECISIONS. 
 
 1804 to 1913. 
 
 A complete set of Massachusetts Reports (down to 1913) 
 
 consists of : 
 
 Massachusetts, 17 vols. 
 
 Pickering, 24 vols. 
 
 Metcalf, 13 vols. 
 
 Gushing, 12 vols. 
 
 Gray, 16 vols. 
 
 Allen, 14 vols. 
 
 IMassachusetts, vols. 97 to 211.
 
 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 77 
 
 The Northeastern Reporter, 99 vols., contains all decisions 
 in Massachusetts, vols. 139 to 211, and all decisions for the 
 last 28 years of Illinois, Indiana, New York, and Ohio. The 
 tables of cross-citations furnished with the Northeastern make 
 it a simple matter to find the cases, even if cited by the State 
 Report page and volume. The Northeastern Reporter, con- 
 taining, as it does, all current decisions of the states in which 
 the great commercial centers are located, is considered the 
 best set of commercial and corporation reports extant. We 
 will supply full information and prices on request. 
 
 West Publishing CJo., St. Paul, Minn.
 
 Michigan. 
 
 Citizenship — Residence — Age — Character. 
 
 Every person who is a resident and a citizen of the United 
 States, of full age and of good moral character (which last 
 shall be certified to by at least two members of the bar of this 
 state in good standing, and by the judge of the circuit in which 
 applicant resides, if applicant is known to such judge), shall be 
 admitted to the bar of this state upon presentation of a cer- 
 tificate of approval from the board of examiners. 
 
 Application — 'When to be Filed — Fee. 
 
 Applications, on blank forms which may be obtained of the 
 secretary, must be filed with the secretary at least 10 days 
 prior to the examination, and must be accompanied by a fee 
 of $10, which shall entitle the candidate to two examinations. 
 The present secretary is W. W. Hyde. Grand Kapids, Mich. 
 
 Preliminary Education — Term of Stndy. 
 
 The board of examiners will regard applicants who have 
 received bachelor's degrees from any reputable college or uni- 
 versity as having the requisite general educational qualifications 
 for admission to the bar. A similar presumption will be made 
 in favor of all graduates of normal or high schools in the state 
 of Michigan, or other reputable institutions of a similar charac- 
 ter, also any person possessing a teacher's certificate issued by 
 any board of school examiners in the state of Michigan for the 
 first grade, or higher. In the absence of any of the above evi- 
 dence, applicants will be examined, before taking the legal ex- 
 amination, in the subjects of arithmetic, grammar, elementar\ 
 algebra, general American and English history, civil govern- 
 ment, composition and rhetoric, and English literature. 
 
 In filing an application, the petitioner shall satisfy the board 
 that he has diligently pursued the study of law for three years. 
 
 (78)
 
 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 
 
 79 
 
 Examination — Regulations — Scope — Time and Place of Holding. 
 
 Examinations are held at Lansing at least twice a year, usual- 
 ly on the second Wednesday of the October and April terms of 
 the Supreme Court. The board of examiners is composed of 
 five competent lawyers of the state, appointed by the Gov- 
 ernor on the recommendation of the Suj^reme Court. The ex- 
 amination shall be partly written and partly oral, and shall 
 include the following subjects: Administration of Estates, in- 
 cluding Wills; Agency, Bailments and Carriers, Bills and 
 Notes, Common Law, Contracts, Constitutional Law, Corpo- 
 rations, both Public and Private, Criminal Law and Proce- 
 dure, Damages, Domestic Relations, Equity Jurisprudence and 
 Procedure, Evidence, Insurance, Mortgages, Real and Per- 
 sonal, Partnership, Pleading and Practice at Common Law 
 and under the Michigan Laws, Personal Property, Real Prop- 
 erty, including Landlord and Tenant ; Fixtures and Ease- 
 ments, Torts, Legal Ethics, Trusts, Michigan Statute Law, In- 
 ternational Law, Suretyship, Fraud, Jurisdiction and Practice 
 •of the United States Courts, and any other subjects that the 
 board of examiners may choose to add. A minimum of 10 
 per cent, shall be required for qualification. In case of fail- 
 ure, the second test can only be taken six months or more 
 after such failure, and the application in such case must state 
 that that length of time has been spent diligently in the study 
 of law. 
 
 Admission of Attorneys from Other Jurisdictions. 
 
 When an applicant shall furnish a certificate to practice in a 
 court of last resort of another state, or in any Circuit or Dis- 
 trict Court of the United States, together with the recommenda- 
 tion of a judge of the court of last resort of such state, the 
 vSupreme Court, in its discretion, may grant a license on mo- 
 tion of an attorney of said court.
 
 80 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAE, 
 
 Admission on Diploma. 
 
 One graduated from the Law Department of the University 
 of Alichigan or the Detroit College of Law shall be admitted 
 to practice on presentation of diploma and avowal of the pre- 
 scribed oath. 
 
 Sex No Bar to Admission. 
 
 No person shall be denied admission on account of sex. 
 Source of Rules. 
 
 Comp. Laws 1897, §§ 1119-1121, 1123, 1124; Rules Board of 
 Examiners. 
 
 MICHIGAN DECISIONS. 
 
 1836 to 1913. 
 
 A complete set of Michigan Reports (down to 1913) con- 
 sists of : 
 
 . Harrington, 1 vol. 
 
 Walker, 1 vol. 
 
 Douglas, 2 vols. 
 
 Michigan, 169 vols. 
 The Northwestern Reporter, 137 vols., contains all decisions 
 of Michigan subsequent to vol. 40. This represents 80 per 
 cent of all the decisions of the state, and includes a large num- 
 ber of decisions which have not as yet been published in the 
 State Reports. It also contains all decisions for the last 34 
 years of Iowa, Minnesota, Nebraska, and Wisconsin, and all 
 the decisions of Dakota Territory and North and South Da- 
 kota. The tables of cross-citations furnished with the North- 
 western make it a simple matter to find the cases, even if 
 cited by the State Report page and volume. The set sells 
 at less than 20 per cent, of the cost of the corresponding State 
 Reports. Write for full information and prices. 
 
 West Publishing Co., St. Paul. Minn.
 
 Minnesota. 
 
 Citizenship — Residence — Age — Character. 
 
 In this state the rules of the Supreme Court require that the 
 apphcant shall be a citizen of the United States, a citizen and 
 resident of the state, 21 years of age, and of good moral char- 
 acter, which last must be certified to by two practicing attor- 
 neys in this state. 
 
 Application — When to be Filed — Form and Contents— Fee. 
 
 Applications, on forms prescribed by the Board of Examin- 
 ers, should be filed with the Secretary, Eli Southworth, Shak- 
 opee, Minn., at least three weeks before the examination. 
 Such applications shall contain the applicant's affidavit as to 
 his name, age, and occupation, if any; his citizenship and 
 present residence, how long he has resided in this state, and 
 his place of residence during the preceding three years ; the 
 course or nature of his general education, in what educational 
 institution it was pursued, and the time spent therein. All ap- 
 plicants, except attorneys of five years' standing, shall also state 
 in their affidavit where and during what time they have studied 
 law, in what school, if any, and for what period of time, the 
 name and place of residence of every attorney in this state and 
 elsewhere in whose office they have studied, and the period of 
 study in such office. A fee of $15 shall accompany each ap- 
 plication. 
 
 General Fdncation. 
 
 Applicants, other than attorneys of five years' standing, 
 shall satisfactorily prove to the board that they have passed 
 examination in one year's Latin, English history, American 
 history, English composition and rhetoric, and the common 
 school branches, or shall be subjected to an examination there- 
 in by the board before being admitted to the bar examination. 
 6 (81)
 
 82 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAB. 
 
 Term of Study. 
 
 A person who shall have studied law for three years, within 
 the five years preceding his application, either in a law school 
 or in the office of a practicing attorney, or in both, provided 
 at least six months was spent in the office of a practicing at- 
 torney in this state, shall be eligible to the bar examination. 
 If for at least six months the candidate has pursued his studies 
 in the office of a practicing attorney in this state as prescribed, 
 the board may, in its discretion, accept in lieu of the remainder 
 of the time required to be passed in a law office or school an 
 equivalent period of study, irrespective of the manner or place 
 in which it was spent. 
 
 Examination — Regulations— Scope— Time and Place of Holding. 
 
 Examinations are held in the cities of St. Paul, Minneapo- 
 lis, Winona, Mankato, Duluth and Fergus Falls, on the follow- 
 ing dates: First Tuesday after first Monday in January; first 
 Tuesdays in May and September. Such examinations are 
 upon the following subjects: The law of Real Property, in- 
 cluding Mortgages and other liens on Real Property and Con- 
 veyances, Trusts, Taxation, Equity Jurisprudence, Minnesota 
 Statute Law, Code Pleading and Practice, Constitutional Law. 
 Conflict of Laws, Criminal Law, Evidence, Corporation Law, 
 including both Private and Municipal Corporations, Contracts, 
 including Sales, Bailments, Negotiable Instruments, Landlord 
 and Tenant, Partnership, Agency, Suretyship, Frauds. Dam- 
 ages, Chattel Mortgages and Liens on Personal Property, 
 Torts, including Negligence, Domestic Relations, Executors 
 and Administrators, Wills, and Legal Ethics. In connection 
 with the foregoing topics a knowledge of the common law as 
 afifected by Minnesota statute law will be required. A general 
 average of 75 per cent, shall be required for qualification. 
 Where the general average of an applicant is less than 75 per 
 cent., he shall be re-examined in all subjects in which he fell
 
 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BABl 83 
 
 below 75 per cent. : provided, that where an appHcant's marks 
 are less than 60 per cent, on not less than one- fourth of the 
 subjects, or less than 75 per cent, on not less than one-half of 
 the subjects, he shall be re-examined in all subjects. If the 
 test is favorable, the board shall so signify and the oath of 
 ofifice shall be administered and license granted. 
 
 Admission of Attorneys from Other Jurisdictions. 
 
 An attorney of five years' standing from any other state or 
 territory, or from the District of Columbia, may, in the discre- 
 tion of the board, be admitted without examination, upon mak- 
 ing application, accompanied by his certificate of admission 
 and the certificate of a judge of a court of record or of two 
 practicing attorneys of such state, showing that he is of good 
 moral character ; also a like certificate from two practicing at- 
 torneys in this state. A fee of $15 shall accompany the peti- 
 tion. Such application may be acted upon by the board at any 
 time, without waiting for a regular meeting. Any attorney of 
 less than five years standing from any other state or territory, 
 or from 'the District of Columbia, who has studied law, either 
 in a law school or in the office of a practicing attorney, or both, 
 for a period of not less than three years, six months of which 
 period shall have been spent in study in the office of a practic- 
 ing attorney in this state, may be examined by said board as 
 prescribed. 
 
 Admission on Diploma. 
 
 The foregoing rules do not apply to graduates of the College 
 of Law of the State University, the St. Paul College of Law, 
 or of any law school in the state which has the certificate of 
 the Supreme Court approving the course of study, faculty, 
 etc. Such graduates are admitted, without examination or 
 fee, at any time within two years after graduation, on presenta- 
 tion of di])loma.
 
 84 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAE. 
 
 Source of Rules. 
 
 Gen. Laws 1891, c. 36; Gen. Laws 1893, c. 129; Laws 
 1899, c. 60; Laws 1901, c. 100; Rev. Laws 1905, c. 35; Rules 
 Sup. Ct. May 29, 1891, as amended. Rules Board of Exam- 
 iners. 
 
 MINNESOTA DECISIONS. 
 
 1851 to 1913. 
 
 A complete set of Minnesota Reports (down to 1913) con- 
 sists of 118 vols. All decisions in vols. 26 to 118, and many 
 other decisions not yet published in the State Reports, are re- 
 ported in the Northwestern Reporter, 137 vols. These repre- 
 sent more than 75 per cent, of all the Minnesota decisions. 
 The Northwestern also contains all decisions for the last 34 
 years of Iowa, Michigan, Nebraska, and Wisconsin, and all 
 decisions of Dakota Territory and North and South Dakota. 
 The tables of cross-citations furnished with the Northwestern 
 make it a simple matter to find the cases, even if cited by the 
 State Report page and volume. The Northwestern is' in gen- 
 eral use, and is cited by both the bench and bar. Write for 
 full information and prices. 
 
 West Publishing Co., St. Paul, Minn.
 
 Mississippi. 
 
 Citizenship — Age — Character. 
 
 The candidate for admission in this state shall prove that 
 he is a citizen of the United States, a resident of the state, 21 
 years of age, and of good moral character. 
 
 JBxamination — Regulations — Scope — Fee. 
 
 The application shall be made in writing to the court of chan- 
 cery for some county in the district of his residence. The 
 chancellor shall in open court propound to the candidate ques- 
 tions upon the subjects of the law of Real Property, Personal 
 Property, Pleading, Evidence, Commercial Law, Criminal Law, 
 Chancery and Chancery Pleading, of the statute law of the 
 state, and of the Constitutions of the United States and of the 
 state of Mississippi, and shall refer the written answers to the 
 chancellor of another district of the state, who shall pass upon 
 the same, and shall certify to the chancellor before whom the 
 examination was held his conclusions as to the sufficiency or 
 insufficiency of the applicant's legal learning. If such conclu- 
 sions are favorable, the candidate will be granted a Hcense upon 
 taking the prescribed oath. An annual privilege license of $10 
 to the state, and usually one of $5 to the city where he prac- 
 tices, shall be paid by the successful candidate. The dismissal 
 of an application for license to practice shall not bar another 
 application by the same person after the expiration of six 
 months from the dat« of his application. 
 
 Admission of Attorneys from Other Jurisdictions. 
 
 Attorneys from other states shall be admitted in this state 
 upon the same conditions as are imposed upon attorneys of 
 this state by such other states. 
 
 (85)
 
 86 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 
 
 Admission on Diploma. 
 
 If the candidate be a graduate of the Law Department of 
 the University of Mississippi and of good moral character, he 
 shall be admitted upon presentation of diploma. 
 
 Source of Rules. 
 
 Code 1906, §§ 202-209, 211 ; Laws 1912, c. 204. 
 
 MISSISSIPPI DECISIONS. 
 
 1820 to 1913. 
 
 A complete set of Mississippi Reports (down to 1913) con- 
 sists of : 
 
 Freeman's Chancery, 1 vol. 
 
 Smedes & Marshall's Chancery, 1 vol. 
 
 Walker, 1 vol. 
 
 Howard, 7 vols. 
 
 Smedes & Marshall, 14 vols. 
 
 Mississippi, vols. 23 to 100. 
 We have reprinted the Mississippi Reports, covering the 
 following volumes : Freeman's Chancery ; Smedes & Mar- 
 shall's Chancery; Walker (1 Miss.); Howard (2-8 Miss.); 
 Smedes & Marshall (9-22 Miss.) ; and Mississippi, vols. 23- 
 63 — a total of 65 original volumes, in a series of 31 books. 
 Everything in the original Reports, including the paging, is 
 preserved. Full annotations are added, showing where each 
 case has been subsequently cited by the Mississippi Supreme 
 Court, as well as prior and subsequent reports of the same case, 
 and also showing the disposition of each case that has gone to 
 the Supreme Court of the United States. Annotations to the 
 Century Digest are also made, showing, in connection with 
 each case, the exact places in the Century Digest where the 
 cognate authorities have been collected and compared, thus
 
 RULES FOU ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 87 
 
 bringing together all the law applicable to any particular case. 
 References to the annotations in the American Decisions and 
 American Reports are also added. This Reprint is sold in 
 complete sets only. Detailed information will be furnished on 
 request. 
 
 The Southern Reporter, 60 vols., contains all Mississippi 
 decisions subsequent to vol. 63, and all decisions for the last 
 26 years of Alabama, Florida, and Louisiana. The tables of 
 cross-citations furnished with the Southern make it a simple 
 matter to find the cases, even if cited by the State Report page 
 and volume. The Southern is tlie only medium through which 
 all of the current Mississippi decisions may be had, and which 
 furnishes them promptly. Write for price and detailed in- 
 formation. 
 
 West Publishing Co., St. Paul, Minn.
 
 Missouri. 
 
 Age — Residence — Character. 
 
 Every applicant for a license to practice shall produce sat- 
 isfactory evidence that he is 21 years of age, of good moral 
 character, and a resident of the state. Proof of age and resi- 
 dence may be made by his affidavit. Proof of good moral 
 character shall be by written certificate, signed by the judge 
 of the circuit court or of the court of common pleas and three 
 members of the bar of the county where applicant resides, or 
 has lately resided. 
 
 Application — When to be Filed— Fee. 
 
 Applications, on forms prescribed by the board of examin- 
 ers and furnished upon request by the clerk of the Supreme 
 Court, must be filed with the clerk at Jefferson City at least 
 10 days before the date set for examination and must be ac- 
 companied by a fee of $10. The applicant shall file with his 
 application all the proof required by the rules of the board, 
 as shown in the paragraphs above and below. 
 
 General Education. 
 
 Applicant shall file with his application satisfactory proof 
 that he has had a preliminary education substantially equiva- 
 lent to that obtained through a common or grammar school 
 course of study and possesses a fair knowledge of civil gov- 
 ernment, American and English literature, general history, 
 and American and English constitutional history. Such proof 
 may be made by exhibiting the diploma of any university or 
 college in good standing, or diploma of a high school whose 
 graduates are permitted to matriculate at a state university 
 without an examination, or affidavit of the principal or teach- 
 ers of a high school under whom the applicant has studied, 
 
 (88)
 
 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 89 
 
 designating the studies pursued, the length of time devoted to 
 each, the applicant's degree of proficiency in each study and 
 showing that the applicant has a preliminary education as 
 shown above and a fair knowledge of the subjects given above, 
 or a diploma from any academy or preparatory school whose 
 course of study has been passed upon and accepted by the 
 Board of Law Examiners. All applicants who cannot comply 
 with either of the above requirements shall be subjected to an 
 examination upon their general education and upon their 
 knowledge of the subjects specified above. A minimum aver- 
 age of 70 per cent., based on a scale of 100 per cent., shall be 
 necessary to qualify the applicant for the law examination. 
 Applicants for this preliminary examination must present 
 themselves at the clerk's office at 2 o'clock on the Saturday 
 next preceding the Monday upon which the law examination 
 will be held. 
 
 Term of Study. 
 
 While no particular period of study is prescribed, the rules 
 of the Board of Examiners provide that no person will be 
 examined as to his knowledge of the law, until he has care- 
 fully read and studied at least one standard unabridged text- 
 book on each of the subjects listed under heading "Examina- 
 tion," below. Every applicant for admission on examination 
 shall file with the application his affidavit, and the affidavit of 
 at least one other credible person in support thereof, setting 
 forth in detail the several text-books read by him, together 
 with the dates when read and the time consumed in the read- 
 ing thereof, respectively: Provided, that this rule shall not 
 apply to graduates of any reputable law school. 
 
 Examination— Regulation— Scope— Time and Place of Holding. 
 
 Examinations are held at Jefferson City, usually in Jan- 
 uary and June. The exact date is fixed by the Board of 
 Examiners. Such examinations shall also be held at St. Louis
 
 90 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 
 
 and Kansas City, and at such other cities in the state as the 
 Supreme Court may direct, and at times fixed by said court. 
 If satisfied that the requirements in the above paragraphs have 
 been compHed with, the Board of Examiners will examine the 
 candidate in writing upon the following subjects: Contracts, 
 Criminal Law and Procedure, Torts, Domestic Relations, 
 Agency, Public and Private Corporations, Partnership, Real 
 Property, Personal Property, Sales, Bailments, Carriers, Com- 
 mon-Law Pleading, Code Pleading, Equity, Evidence, Wills 
 and Probate, Constitutional Law, Negotiable Instruments, Ex- 
 traordinary Legal Remedies, Conflict of Laws, Insurance, 
 Pleading and Practice under the Missouri Statutes, and Legal 
 Ethics. All examinations shall be written and the applicants 
 shall be graded on a scale of 100. The board shall recommend 
 for admission any applicant, otherwise qualified, who has 
 made a general average of .70 per cent, provided, that he shall 
 attain a grade of not less than 50 per cent, in all subjects. 
 An applicant failing to make 50 per cent. .in any subject may, 
 at any time within one year, take another examination in such 
 subject, and shall be recommended for a license, provided he 
 attains a grade of 70 per cent, therein. Any applicant failing 
 to make a general average of 70 per cent, in his first exami- 
 nation may, at any time within a year thereafter, take another 
 examination in those subjects in which he failed to make a 
 grade of 70 per cent, but none other, and he shall be recom- 
 mended for a license, provided he attains a general average 
 of 70 per cent, in the second examination. In case of success, 
 the oath will be administered and license granted. 
 
 Admission of Attorneys from Other Jurisdictions. 
 
 Any person becoming a resident of this state after having 
 been admitted to the bar in any other state may, in the discre- 
 tion of the Supreme Court, be admitted to practice in this state 
 without examination, upon proof of the other qualifications re-
 
 RULES FOR AttMISSION TO THE BAR. 91 
 
 quired by this act, and proof that he has been Hcensed and has 
 practiced law regularly for three years in the state from which 
 he comes. 
 
 Sonrce of Rules. 
 
 Rev. St. 1909, §§ 939-948. 
 
 MISSOURI DECISIONS. 
 
 1821 to 1913. 
 
 A complete set of Missouri Reports (down to 1913) consists 
 of 241 vols. Supreme and 165 Appeals. All decisious subse- 
 quent to volume 88 Supreme and 93 Appeals are reported in 
 the Southwestern Reporter, 151 vols., together with all deci- 
 sions for the last 27 years from Arkansas, Kentucky, Tennes- 
 see, and Texas, and all decisions of Indian Territory. The 
 tables of cross-citations furnished* with the Southwestern make 
 it a simple matter to find the cases, even if cited by the State 
 Report page and volume. The Missouri Court of Appeals was 
 organized in 1876. The final jurisdiction was very low, and 
 until 1902 it was not regarded as a court of last resort. The 
 jurisdiction was changed in 1902, and we then began to pub- 
 lish the decisions in the Southwestern Reporter. 
 
 We will furnish prices and full information on request. 
 
 West Publishing Co., St. Paul, Mlna.
 
 Montana. 
 
 Citizenship — Age — Residence — Character. 
 
 The applicant for admission in this state must be a citizen 
 of the United States, or a resident of this state who has bona 
 fide declared his intention of becoming a citizen, of full age 
 and of good moral character, which last must be evidenced by 
 testimonials or other proof satisfactory to the court. If such 
 testimonials are furnished by others than attorneys of this 
 state, they must be in the form of affidavits. 
 
 Application — 'When to be Filed — Form and Contents. 
 
 Application must be filed with the clerk of the Supreme 
 Court at Helena, ]\Iont., at least ten days prior to the date of 
 the examination, and must be accompanied by the various 
 proofs required by the rules as shown in the paragraphs above 
 and below. 
 
 Term of Study. 
 
 Applicant shall file with his petition a certificate of two rep- 
 utable lawyers of this state (or the affidavits of two non-resi- 
 dent attorneys) that he has been engaged in the study of law 
 for two successive years prior to the time of making his ap- 
 plication. 
 
 Examination — Regulations — Scope ^ Fee — Time and Place ot 
 Holding. 
 
 Examinations are held in Supreme Court rooms on the first 
 
 Wednesday after the first Tuesday of June and December. 
 
 Such examinations are held orally and in writing in open 
 
 court, and shall be strict both as to elementary principles and 
 
 the Codes and practice of this state. The admission fee is $5. 
 
 Admission of Attorneys from Other Jurisdictions. 
 
 A citizen of the United States, or a resident of this state 
 who has bona fide declared his intention of becoming a citi- 
 
 (92)
 
 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 93 
 
 zen, who has been admitted to practice before the highest tri- 
 bunal of another state or of a foreign country where the com- 
 mon law exists as a basis, may be admitted here, with or with- 
 out examination, in the discretion of the court, upon produc- 
 tion of his or her license, together with certificates showing 
 good moral character. Candidates for admission under this 
 rule may make application in open court at any time. Such 
 application must be made upon motion of the Attorney Gen- 
 eral, or one of his assistants, and upon the verified petition of 
 the applicant, showing where, with whom, and for what period 
 he has studied, where and how long he has practiced, if such 
 he has, his standing in the court in which he last practiced, 
 and the recommendation of the presiding judge of such court. 
 If the applicant has never practiced, he shall so state and shall 
 furnish the same evidence of good moral character that a can- 
 didate for examination is required to furnish. All such ap- 
 plicants shall be personally present in court when the motion 
 is made. 
 
 Sex Xo Bar to Admission. 
 
 The foregoing rules apply to women as well as to men. 
 Source of Rules. 
 
 Rev. Codes 1907, §§ 6381-6385; Laws 1911, c. 13; Sup. Ct. 
 Rules in effect Nov. 28, 1912. 
 
 MONTANA DECISIONS. 
 
 1868 to 1913. 
 
 A complete set of Montana Reports (down to 1913) consists 
 of 45 vols. The Pacific Reporter, 128 vols., contains all deci- 
 sions subsequent to vol. 3 Montana, and all decisions for the 
 last 30 years of California, Colorado, Idaho, Kansas, Nevada,
 
 94 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 
 
 New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming, and 
 all decisions of Arizona and Oklahoma. The tables of cross- 
 citations furnished with the Pacific make it a simple matter to 
 find the cases, even if cited by the State Report page and vol- 
 ume. Owing to the limited number of local precedents, it is 
 necessary to go outside of Montana for case-law authorities, 
 and the Pacific Reporter is the medium naturally chosen. In- 
 deed, the set is usually considered indispensable in all the Pa- 
 cific Coast states. This is especially true as to Montana, for 
 the reason that the Montana Code was adapted from that of 
 California, and the courts follow the California decisions close- 
 ly. The Pacific contains 75 per cent, of all the California de- 
 cisions, including himdreds that are nowhere else reported. 
 Write for price and full information. 
 
 West Publishing Ck)., St Paul, Minn.
 
 Nebraska. 
 
 Citizenship— Age — Residence— Character. 
 
 When applying for admission to the bar, the applicant must 
 show that he is a citizen of the United States, a resident of 
 Nebraska, 21 years of age at the time of application, and of 
 good moral character. 
 
 Application — 'When to be Filed— Form and Contents— Fee. 
 
 At least four weeks prior to the day set for the examina- 
 tions, the applicant shall file with the clerk of the Supreme 
 Court at Lincoln, Neb., a written request in his own handwrit- 
 ing, subscribed by himself, together with his personal affidavit 
 as to the qualifications mentioned above and below. These 
 proofs shall state, too, the time and place of preparatory study, 
 and shall contain the affidavit of two reputable citizens of the 
 applicant's own community vouching for his morality and rep- 
 utation in that community, and the names and addresses of 
 three persons, other than those certifying for him, of whom 
 further inquiry as to his character and qualifications may be 
 made by the board of examiners. At the time of filing applica- 
 tion, the petitioner shall deposit with the clerk the sum of $5. 
 
 General Education — Term of Study. 
 
 Before attempting the examination, applicant must prove, 
 either by school, college or teacher's certificate or diploma or 
 in examination before the bar commission, that he has had 
 preliminary education equivalent to that involved in the com- 
 pletion of the first three years of a high school course accredit- 
 ed by the state department of public instruction. He shall also 
 satisfy the examiners by his own affidavit, and by the affidavit 
 or certificate of his preceptor or preceptors, that he has, for 
 a period of three years, diligently pursued his legal studies 
 in a reputable law school or in the office of a practicing attor- 
 ney, or partly in one and partly in the other. At least one year 
 
 (95)
 
 96 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 
 
 of such office study shall have been passed in a law office of 
 this state. 
 
 Examination — Regulations — Scope-^Time of Holding. 
 
 Examinations will be held on the second Tuesday of June 
 and the third Tuesday of November, and at such other times 
 as the commission may deem advisable. Except for the divi- 
 sion of the questions and answers into oral and written, the 
 method of conducting the examination is left to the discretion 
 of the commission, consisting of five attorneys appointed by 
 the Supreme Court each year. As soon as practicable after 
 the conclusion of the examination, the board shall report to 
 the court the results, and the names of the persons entitled to 
 admission as decided by a majority of the board, which per- 
 sons shall thereupon be adniitted to practice upon taking the 
 oath prescribed by law. If the applicant is disqualified, he 
 shall not be admitted to examination for one year from the 
 time of such failure, and until he shall have filed a certificate 
 that he has studied law for one year since his rejection. 
 
 Admission of Attorneys from Other Jurisdictions. 
 
 Any practicing attorney becoming a resident of this state, 
 who has been admitted in a court of record of another state or 
 territory, must make his application as required by these rules 
 and present proof by certificate that he is a licensed prac- 
 titioner in a court of record of another state where the re- 
 quirements for admission when he was admitted were equal to 
 those now prescribed in this state, or, that he has practiced 
 law five full years under license' in such state within the ten 
 years next preceding the date of his application. 
 
 Registration at Commencement of Study. 
 
 Every person applying for admission as having studied in 
 the office of a practicing attorney in this state must have regis- 
 tered with the clerk of the Supreme Court at the beginning 
 of his term of study, giving his name, address, and the name
 
 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 97 
 
 and address of the attorney in whose office he is studying. A 
 fee of 50 cents will be required from every applicant regis- 
 tered. 
 
 Laiiir School Graduates. 
 
 Graduates from the College of Law of the State University 
 and the Creighton College of Law shall make application and 
 present proofs of qualifications in the same manner as required 
 of other applicants. If otherwise satisfactory, they will be 
 admitted without further examination. 
 
 Source of Rules. 
 
 Comp. St. 1907, c. 9 ; Rules Sup. Ct 
 
 NEBRASKA DECISIONS. 
 
 1854 to 1913. 
 
 A complete set of Nebraska Reports (down to 1913) con- 
 sists of 90 vols. The Northwestern Reporter, 137 vols., con- 
 tains all decisions subsequent to vol. 8 Nebraska, mcluding the 
 decisions of the Supreme Court Commissioners, representing 
 nearly 90 per cent, of all the decisions of the state. These 
 Commissioners' Decisions are also published in a series of re- 
 ports known as "Nebraska Unofficial Reports," of which series 
 there are five volumes. The Northwestern Reporter contains, 
 in addition to the above, all decisions for the last 34 years of 
 Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin, and all decisions 
 of Dakota Territory, and North and South Dakota. The ta- 
 bles of cross-citations furnished with the Northwestern make 
 it a simple matter to find the cases, even if cited by the State 
 Report page and volume. The set sells for about one-fifth of 
 the cost of the corresponding State Reports. Write for price 
 and full information. 
 
 West Publishing Co., St. Paul, Minn.
 
 Nevada. 
 
 Residence— Age— Character. 
 
 The applicant for admission in this state shall be a bona fide 
 resident of the state, 21 years of age, and of good moral char- 
 acter. 
 
 Application— Fe e . 
 
 Application shall be made to the district judge, who shall 
 refer it to the Supreme Court. Before filing the application 
 a fee of $35 must be deposited with the clerk, which sum shall 
 be returned in case the application is rejected. 
 
 Examination — ^Regulations — Scope— Fee. 
 
 The Supreme Court, on application of the district judge, 
 of any judicial district, will appoint the district judge and 
 at least two attorneys, residents of the district, to constitute 
 a committee of examiners. This committee shall test the 
 applicant upon his legal attainments by examination in open 
 court on the first day of the term, the questions to be an- 
 swered in writing upon the subjects of the history of Nevada 
 and of the United States, the constitutional relations of the 
 state and federal government, the jurisdiction of the various 
 courts of Nevada and of the United States, the various sourc- 
 es of municipal law of Nevada, the general principles of the 
 common law relating to property and personal rights and ob- 
 ligations, the general grounds of equity jurisdiction and the 
 principles of equity jurisprudence, rules and principles of 
 pleading and evidence, practice under the Civil and Criminal 
 Codes of Nevada, and remedies in hypothetical cases. The 
 committee shall also inquire into the course and duration of 
 the applicant's studies and as to the facts of his age, residence, 
 and good moral character. 
 
 (93)
 
 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 99 
 
 Admission of Attorneys from Other Jurisdictions. 
 
 One who has been admitted upon a creditable examination 
 in any other state, territory, or foreign country where the com- 
 mon law of England is the basis of jurisprudence may be li- 
 censed here, upon proof of such fact and a certificate of some 
 responsible party that applicant is of good moral character. 
 
 'Women may be Admitted. 
 
 The foregoing rules apply to women as well as to men. 
 Source of Rules. 
 
 Comp. St. 1900, §§ 2612-2618; Sup. Ct. Rules in effect 
 April 1, 1912. 
 
 NEVADA DECISIONS. 
 
 1865 to 1913. 
 
 A complete set of Nevada Reports (down to 1913) consists 
 of 33 vols. All decisions subsequent to vol. 16 are reported in 
 the Pacific Reporter, 128 vols., together with all decisions for 
 the last 30 years of California, Colorado, Idaho, Kansas, Mon- 
 tana, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming, 
 and all decisions of Arizona and Oklahoma. The tables of 
 cross-citations furnished with the Pacific make it a simple mat- 
 ter to find the cases, even if cited by the State Report page 
 and volume. Owing to the small number of local precedents, 
 the Nevada attorney is forced to look to the neighboring states 
 for his case-law authorities. The Pacific Reporter, containing, 
 as it does, upwards of 75 per cent, of all the decisions of the 
 Pacific states, and being the only medium through which a 
 large proportion of them may be had, is the natural selection. 
 Write for price and full information. 
 
 West Puhlisiiing Co., St. Paul, ^rinii.
 
 New Hampshire. 
 
 Citizensliip^Residence — Age — Character. 
 
 The applicant for a license to practice shall be a citizen of 
 the state, of the age of 21 years, and of good moral character. 
 
 Application — When to be Filed — Form and Contents — Term of 
 Study. 
 
 He shall file with the clerk of the Supreme Court, Concord, 
 N. H., at least 14 days before the regular June or December 
 session, a petition stating his residence, the date and place of 
 his birth, the term during which he has studied law, and the 
 name and residence of the person with whom he studied ; and 
 he shall file therewith certificates showing that he is of good 
 moral character and that he has studied law as set forth in 
 the petition. Term of study required is three years, and may 
 be pursued in the office of a member of the bar in good stand- 
 ing or in a reputable law school. If the papers so filed show 
 that he is entitled to be examined, he will be allowed to take 
 the examination at the next meeting of the committee. 
 
 Fxamination — Regulations — Scope — Time and Place of Holding. 
 
 Examinations are held at Concord, beginning on the Thurs- 
 day before the last Saturday of June and the third Tuesday in 
 December. 
 
 The candidate shall pass a satisfactory examination on the 
 various branches of law before a committee appointed by the 
 Supreme Court, and shall average 70 per cent, in the correct- 
 ness of his answers to have them considered satisfactory. A 
 person who fails in an examination for admission to the bar will 
 not be admitted to another examination until the court, upon 
 special consideration of the case, make an order to that eft'ect. 
 
 (100)
 
 KULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 101 
 
 Admission of Attorneys from Other Jurisdictions. 
 
 One admitted to practice in the highest court of another state 
 may be admitted here, without examination as to legal quali- 
 fications, upon production of proof of such admission, that he 
 is of good moral character, that he has practiced law in the 
 state of his admission for at least one year, and that he is a 
 resident of this state at the time of application. Proof of ad- 
 mission in such former state will be exclusively by certificate 
 from a judge of the highest court in such state, under seal of 
 the court. 
 
 Filing Certificate Before Commencement of Stndy. 
 
 Any person proposing to study law with a view to applying 
 for admission to the bar shall, within 14 days after commenc- 
 ing the study, file with the clerk of the Supreme Court a certifi- 
 cate stating his age, residence, what preparatory education he 
 has had, the name and residence of person with whom he is 
 studying, and the date when he commenced the study; also a 
 certificate of the person with whom he is studying, stating the 
 fact and when the study began. 
 
 Source of Rules. 
 
 59 Atl. vii-viii. 
 
 NEW HAMPSHIRE DECISIONS. 
 
 1816 to 1913. 
 
 A complete set of New Hampshire Reports (down to 1913) 
 consists of 7'h vols. All decisions subsequent to vol. 63 are re- 
 ported in the Atlantic Reporter, 84 vols. The set also contains 
 all decisions for the last 28 years of Connecticut, Delaware, 
 Maine, Maryland, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, 
 and Vermont, including upward of 2,500 decisions that have
 
 102 RULB8 FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 
 
 been omitted from the State Reports and can only be found in 
 the Reporter. The tables of cross-citations furnished with the 
 Atlantic make it a simple matter to find the cases, even if cited 
 by the State Report page and volume. Write for full par- 
 ticulars and price. 
 
 West Publishing Co., St. Paul, Minn.
 
 New Jersey. 
 
 Citizensbip — Age — Character. 
 
 To procure a license in this state, the applicant shall be 21 
 years of age and of good moral character, and recommended 
 to the Governor for a license. 
 
 Application— 'When to be Filed— Proof of Qualifications. 
 
 Applicant must file notice of his intention to apply for ad- 
 mission to the bar with the clerk of the circuit court of the 
 county in which he served his clerkship, or in which he re- 
 sides, two months prior to taking the examination, evidence of 
 which fact, by certificate of said clerk of circuit court, must be 
 filed with the clerk of the Supreme Court, Trenton, N. J., to- 
 gether with the other proofs mentioned hereafter, at least 20 
 days before the first day of the term. He shall also file with 
 the clerk of the Supreme Court proof of all the qualifications 
 as to age, residence, moral character, general education, clerk- 
 ship, term of study, etc., required by the rules. Proof of 
 qualifications as to age, residence, moral character, clerkship 
 and term of study may be supplied by certificate or affidavit, or 
 both. Proof of general education shall be furnished by one 
 of the means specified below. 
 
 General Education. 
 
 At least three years before taking the bar examination the 
 applicant must have passed his final examination for gradua- 
 tion in a college, university, public high school, or private 
 school approved by the Board of Examiners, evidence of 
 which fact, by certificate or otherwise, must be submitted to 
 and approved by the State Superintendent of Public Instruc- 
 tion before being filed with the clerk of the Supreme Court, 
 or must have passed an equivalent examination to be held 
 
 (103)
 
 104 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 
 
 under the supervision of the Bar Examiners. These prelimi- 
 nary examinations are held in each county of the state on the 
 first Friday and Saturday of February, May, and October, at 
 the times and places at which county examinations are held 
 for teachers' licenses. Information reearding the exact times 
 and places may be obtained from the superintendent of schools 
 of the respective counties. Each candidate will be examined 
 upon ten subjects (of which Composition and Orthography 
 must be two) that he may select from the following list : Ad- 
 vanced History of the United States, General History, Ad- 
 vanced Arithmetic, Advanced Algebra, Plane Geometry, Phys- 
 iology, Grammar, Composition, Orthography, Geography, Civ- 
 ics, Physics, Latin, French, Bookkeeping, Business Practice. 
 The county Board of Examiners will notify the State Super- 
 intendent of Public Instruction of those who pass the exam- 
 ination, whereupon the Superintendent will issue certificate of 
 that fact to the successful candidate for presentation to the 
 clerk of the Supreme Court, as above required. 
 
 Term of Study. 
 
 A regular clerkship for a term of three years shall be served 
 with some practicing attorney of the court before entering 
 upon the examination. Any portion of the time, not to exceed 
 27 months, may be spent in regular attendance at a reputable 
 law school. The applicant shall file with the clerk of the Su- 
 preme Court, at the commencement of the clerkship, a certifi- 
 cate of the attorney that the clerkship has begun. 
 
 Examination — Regulations — Scope — Time and Place of Holding. 
 
 Examinations for attorneys and counselors are held on the 
 first Friday of the February, June, and November terms, 
 at Trenton. 
 
 The topics and books on which the applicants will be exam- 
 ined, are published by the Board of Examiners and may be 
 obtained upon requisition to the clerk of the Supreme Court,
 
 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 105 
 
 at Trenton. The examinations are written and oral, and are 
 conducted by the Board of Examiners, consisting of three 
 counselors appointed by the court. Board shall report to the 
 Supreme Court the names of those candidates who passed the 
 examination successfully. The prescribed oath must be taken 
 before admission is granted. 
 
 Admission of Attorneys from Other Jurisdictions. 
 
 An attorney admitted in another state, whose clerkship and 
 profession in that state, or in this, or in both, have been pur- 
 sued for a term of three years shall be eligible to examination, 
 upon proof of good moral character, provided that he may 
 take the examination as to general education at any time before 
 taking the bar examination. In case such attorney has been 
 actively engaged in practice in such other state for ten years, 
 he shall not be required to take the examination as to prelim- 
 inary education. Two months' notice must be given of appli- 
 cant's intention to take the examination, same as prescribed 
 for other applicants. 
 
 Admission as Counselor — 'Women may be Admitted. 
 
 No one shall be recommended for license to practice as a 
 counselor until he shall have practiced as an attorney in the 
 Supreme Court of this state for three years and given proof 
 in examination of his legal ability, or, if he has practiced in 
 another state, until the whole period of his practice in this and 
 such other state shall be six years, the last year of which 
 period must have been in this state. No application is neces- 
 sary to take the counselors' examination, but 20 days' notice 
 should be given to the clerk of the Supreme Court by those in- 
 tending to take it. Women may be licensed upon complying 
 with the prescribed requirements. 
 
 Source of Rules. 
 
 Comp. St. 1910, p. 4055, § 12; Rules Sup. Ct. and Board of 
 Examiners in force March, 1911.
 
 106 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAB. 
 
 NEW JERSEY DECISIONS. 
 
 1790 to 1913. 
 
 Complete sets of New Jersey Reports (down to 1913) con- 
 sist of : 
 
 New Jersey Law, 81 vols., 1790-1913. 
 
 New Jersey Equity, 79 vols., 1830-1913. 
 The Atlantic Reporter, 84 vols., contains all decisions of 
 New Jersey subsequent to 47 Law and 40 Equity. It also con- 
 tains all decisions for the last 28 years of Connecticut, Del- 
 aware, Maine, Maryland, New Hampshire, Pennsylvania, 
 Rhode Island, and Vermont. The tables of cross-citations fur- 
 nished with the Atlantic make it a simple matter to find the 
 cases, even if cited by the State Report page and volume. The 
 Atlantic Reporter includes upward of 3,500 decisions that have 
 not been and will not be published in the State Reports. Near- 
 ly 1,000 of the omitted decisions are from New Jersey. Re- 
 garding the value of these decisions as precedents, we quote 
 from the report of the committee on reporting and digesting 
 to the American Bar Association, 1898 : "In New Jersey the 
 judges and reporters have excluded or omitted from the reports 
 667 cases which have been published in the first 33 vols, of the 
 Atlantic Reporter. * * * Some of them are decisions which 
 have proved to be the controlling authorities, and have become 
 leading cases in some branch of law or practice." In view of 
 this statement from such an impartial authority, can you afford 
 to practice without all of these decisions? Write for price and 
 full information. 
 
 West Publishing Co., St Paul, Minu.
 
 New Mexico. 
 
 Citizenship— Residence— Age— Character. 
 
 The petitioner for license to practice in this state shall be 
 a citizen of the United States, or shall have declared his bona 
 fiflc intention of becoming such, and shall be a resident of 
 this territory, 21 years of age, and of good moral character. 
 
 Application— Form and Contents — Fee. 
 
 At least 30 days before the time set for holding the exam- 
 ination, the applicant shall file with the secretary of the Board 
 of Examiners at Santa Fe a petition under oath, stating the 
 time and place of his birth, and his place of residence during 
 the past five years, accompanied by the proofs specified below 
 as to term of study and the certificate of some reputable at- 
 torney or other credible person vouching for his character. 
 It shall contain, too, a statement of all the facts material to 
 his preparatory work. The application must be accompanied 
 by a fee of $15 for the Board of Examiners of which sum the 
 clerk of the Supreme Court receives $5. 
 
 Term of Study. 
 
 Applicant must have diligently pursued the study of law 
 either in some reputable law school or in the office of some 
 member of the bar of this territory for at least two years, and 
 his petition must state when and where such studies were 
 carried on. 
 
 Exam.ination — Regulations — Scope — Time and Place of Holding. 
 
 Examinations are held on the first day of each regular term 
 of the Supreme Court in January and on the first day of the 
 midsummer session of the Supreme Court at Santa Fe. The 
 
 (lUT)
 
 108 ' RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 
 
 application shall be referred to the Board of Examiners, con- 
 sisting of three members of the bar of this territory, who shall 
 in open court examine the applicants upon the subjects of Real 
 and Personal Property, Contracts, Partnership, Negotiable In- 
 struments, Agency, Principal and Surety, Executors and Ad- 
 ministrators, Bailments, Corporations, Personal Rights, Do- 
 mestic Relations, the Principles of Constitutional Law, Wills, 
 Equity Jurisprudence, Pleading, Evidence, Criminal Law and 
 such other subject as the board shall direct. Such examination 
 shall be oral or written, or both, in the discretion of the court, 
 and the board shall report the results thereof to the Supreme 
 Court. Any applicant who fails to pass shall be notified as to 
 subjects in which he qualified and those in which he did not 
 qualify, and shall have the option of appearing for examination 
 at any time within one year without additional charge and tak- 
 ing another examination on those subjects in which he was 
 found deficient. If at the time of such adverse report such ap- 
 plicant is practicing under a temporary license, the board may 
 recommend that such license be extended for a period of not 
 to exceed one year. Any applicant who has taken the exam- 
 ination twice, as prescribed by law, and failed, shall not be 
 permitted to again become an applicant until two years after 
 his last failure, and he shall then file a new application and 
 take the whole examination as prescribed by law. An average 
 valuation of 68 per cent, on all the questions propounded is 
 necessary to entitle the candidate to admission. 
 
 Admission of Attorneys from Other Jurisdictions. 
 
 Any person who has been admitted to practice by the high- 
 est court of general original jurisdiction of any other state or 
 territory, and who has practiced for at least three years im- 
 mediately prior to the filing of his application, shall upon the 
 recommendation of the board be granted a certificate without
 
 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAB. 109 
 
 examination. He shall file his application, accompanied by- 
 proper certificate other than his own, with the secretary of the 
 Board of Examiners at least 30 days before the date of the 
 examination, and such application must show the date of his 
 admission, the name of the court in which he was admitted, 
 and the length of time he has been engaged in active practice. 
 
 Miscellaneous. 
 
 The district courts shall have power to issue to any proper 
 person, who has filed his application for admission with the 
 Board of Examiners, a temporary license, to expire at the first 
 meeting of the Board of Bar Examiners at Santa Fe after the 
 same is granted. 
 
 Attorneys who have been admitted to practice while bona 
 fide residents of this state shall not be precluded from 
 practicing in any of the courts of the state by reason of their 
 subsequent removal from the state. 
 
 Source of Rules. 
 
 Sup. Ct. Rules in force April 15, 1912. 
 
 NEW MEXICO DECISIONS. 
 
 1852 to 1913. 
 
 A complete set of New Mexico Reports (down to 1913) 
 consists of 16 vols. All decisions subsequent to vol. 2 are re- 
 ported in the Pacific Reporter, 128 vols. The set also contains 
 all decisions for the last 30 years of California, Colorado, Ida- 
 ho, Kansas, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and 
 Wyoming, and all of Arizona and Oklahoma. The tables of 
 cross-citations furnished with the Pacific make it a simple mat-
 
 110 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 
 
 ter to find the cases, even if cued by the State Report page and 
 volume. The limited number of local decisions increases the 
 necessity of using decisions from other states as precedents. 
 The Pacific Reporter, containing, as it does, the decisions of 
 the neighboring states, is naturally the medium which furnishes 
 the decisions desired. It is so generally used and cited in New 
 Mexico that it may be regarded as indispensable. Write for 
 price and complete information. 
 
 West Publishinq Co., St Paul, Minn.
 
 New York. 
 
 Citizenship — Residence — Age — Character. 
 
 The applicant for admission to practice shall prove to the 
 Board of Examiners that he is a citizen of the United States, 
 has been an actual resident of this state for 6 months imme- 
 diately preceding his application, and is 21 years of age, and 
 shall offer to the Supreme Court evidence of good moral char- 
 acter, which last must be shown by the affidavits of two repu- 
 table persons of the town or city in which he resides, one of 
 whom must be a practicing attorney of the Supreme Court. 
 He shall also show to the Board of Examiners that he has not 
 been examined and refused admission to practice within 3 
 months immediately preceding. 
 
 Application — Wlien to be Filed — Form and Contents — Fee. 
 
 Each applicant for examination must file with the secretary 
 of the board of examiners, Hon. Franklin M. Danaher, Ben- 
 sen Bldg., Albany, N. Y., at least 15 days before the exam- 
 ination, proof of the qualifications as to age, residence, general 
 education, clerkship, term of study, etc., mentioned in the 
 paragraphs above and below. A fee of $15 must be paid to 
 the treasurer at the time the application is filed. This fee will 
 entitle the applicant to three examinations. The petition for 
 examination must be entitled in the department in which ap- 
 plicant resides, but he may appear for examination in any de- 
 partment, whether a resident thereof or not, provided he 
 secures the permission of the board at least 15 days before the 
 examination. 
 
 General Education. 
 
 Those applicants who are not graduates of colleges of good 
 standing, or attorneys admitted in other states, before entering 
 
 (111)
 
 112 EULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 
 
 upon the clerkship or attendance at a law school as prescribed 
 below, shall undergo an examination under the authority of 
 the State University in English, three years ; Mathematics, two 
 years ; Latin, two years ; Science, one year ; History, two years ; 
 or in their substantial equivalents. 
 
 Term of Study. 
 
 The candidate shall prove to the satisfaction of the Board of 
 Examiners, which consists of three members of the bar, that he 
 has pursued the study of law for three years, except that, if the 
 student is a graduate of any college or university, the period of 
 study may be two years, and except, also, that persons admitted 
 in the highest court of original jurisdiction in another state, 
 who have practiced in that state for one year since their ad- 
 mission, shall be permitted to enter upon the examination 
 after one year of study in this state. The period of this 
 preliminary study may be spent in the office of a practicing 
 attorney of this state after the age of 18 has been reached, or 
 after such age by attending a law school of sufficient standing, 
 or partly under one of these conditions and partly under the 
 other; and the computation of the time so spent in the office of 
 an attorney shall commence at the filing with the clerk of the 
 court of appeals of such attorney's certificate announcing the 
 clerkship. If the applicant be a graduate of a college or uni- 
 versity, he must have pursued the prescribed course of study 
 after his graduation, and, if he be a person admitted to the bar 
 of another state or country, he must have pursued his prescrib- 
 ed period of study after having remained as a practicing attor- 
 ney in such other state or country for one year. 
 
 Examination. — Regulations — Scope— Time and Place of Holding. 
 
 Examinations are held in each department at least twice a 
 year. Information regarding the exact times and places may
 
 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 113 
 
 be obtained of the secretary of the board. Such examinations 
 are divided by the board into two groups, viz. : Group 1, Plead- 
 ing, Practice, and Evidence; group 2, Substantive. The test 
 may be oral or written, or partly oral and partly written, and 
 shall embrace questions on the subjects selected by the board. 
 If the board favors admission, it will so signify to the Su- 
 preme Court; but, if not, the rejected applicant shall not be 
 allowed re-examination for three months. 
 
 Admission of Attorneys from Other Jurisdictions. 
 
 An attorney who has been admitted to practice in another 
 state, and who has practiced therein for one year, shall offer, 
 by his affidavit, proof of such admission and pursuit of his pro- 
 fession, and of the prescribed period of study for one year in 
 this state, and shall then be permitted to undergo the examina- 
 tion of the board. One who has been admitted to practice in 
 the highest court of law in another jurisdiction and has prac- 
 ticed his profession there for a period of three years, or who, 
 being an American citizen and domiciled in a foreign country, 
 has received such diploma or degree therein as would entitle 
 him, if a citizen of such foreign country, to practice law in its 
 courts, may, in the discretion of the Appellate Division of the 
 Supreme Court, be admitted here without examination, after 
 furnishing satisfactory evidence of character and qualifications. 
 An attorney residing in an adjoining state, upon compliance 
 with above rule, may, without change of residence, be admitted 
 upon proof that he intends to maintain an office in this state. 
 
 Race or Sex No Bar to Admission. 
 
 Race or sex shall offer no bar to admission in this state. 
 
 Source of Rules. 
 
 Rules Ct. App. adopted December 30, 1906, to take effect 
 July 1, 1907 ; Rules Board of Examiners, July 1, 1907. 
 8
 
 114 BULES FOR ADMISSION TO THB BAB. 
 
 NEW YORK DECISIONS. 
 
 1794 to 1913. 
 
 A complete set of reports of the courts of last resort in New 
 York (down to 1913) consists of: 
 
 New York Common Law, 80 vols., 1794-1848. 
 New York Chancery, 32 vols., 1814-1848. 
 New York Appeals, 205 vols., 1847-1913. 
 
 The Northeastern Reporter, 99 vols., contains all decisions 
 of the New York Court of Appeals subsequent to vol. 98. It 
 also contains all decisions for the last 28 years of Illinois, In- 
 diana, Massachusetts, and Ohio. The tables of cross-citations 
 furnished with the Northeastern make it a simple matter to 
 find the cases, even if cited by the State Report page and vol- 
 ume. 
 
 There have been and still are, a number of lower courts of 
 record, and of appellate jurisdiction, such as the Supreme 
 Court, Superior Court, Court of Common Pleas, etc. The deci- 
 sions of these courts have been reported in part in a heterogene- 
 ous mass of official and unofficial reports. These are usually 
 cited by the names of the Reporters, and are collectively classed 
 as Supreme, Practice and Code, Superior, Common Pleas, and 
 Criminal Reports. The tabulated list is too long to include 
 here, but we will furnish a catalogue in w-hich these are set 
 forth, on request. In 1888 we commenced the publication of 
 the New York Supplement, which now has 137 vols. In this 
 set we have reported in full, systematically and promptly, all 
 decisions of these inferior courts of record, including all the 
 decisions as reported in some 300 vols, of the official and unoffi- 
 cial reports above referred to, and nearly 7,000 additional deci- 
 sions, which have been either entirely omitted from the State
 
 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 115 
 
 Reports, or reported only as niems. The New York Supple- 
 ment is supplied with tables which make it a perfect and con- 
 venient substitute for the State Reports. 
 
 We will be pleased to quote prices and furnish full informa- 
 tion regarding these Reporters on request. 
 
 West Publishing Co., St. Paul, Minn. 
 
 I
 
 North Carolina. 
 
 Age — Character. 
 
 Persons who may apply for admission shall be of full age 
 and of good moral character. Applicants resident of this state 
 shall offer proof of such good moral character by certificate, 
 signed by two members of the bar of this court. Those apply- 
 ing by virtue of admission in some other state may offer such 
 proof by certificate signed by any state officer of the state 
 from which they come. 
 
 Application — Proofs Required— Fee. 
 
 Applications must be filed with the clerk of the Supreme 
 Court at Raleigh, and must be accompanied by the proofs re- 
 quired by these rules. No formal application is required, and 
 no application blanks are used. A fee of $23.50 will accom- 
 pany each application, which sum (except $1.50 for the clerk) 
 will be returned in case applicant fails to pass the examina- 
 tion. 
 
 Term of Study. 
 
 Each applicant shall have read law for a period of two years, 
 and during the course of such study shall have perused Ewell's 
 Essentials (3 vols.), Clark on Corporations, Schouler on Ex- 
 ecutors, Bispham's Equity, Clark's Code of Civil Procedure, 
 Revisal 1905 of North Carolina (vol. 1), the Constitutions of 
 the United States and of the -state of North Carolina, Creasy's 
 English Constitution, Sharswood's Legal Ethics, Sheppard's 
 Constitutional Text-Book, and Cooley's Principles of Constitu- 
 tional Law (or their equivalents). Proof of said period of 
 study shall be by certificate of a dean of a law school or a 
 member of the bar of this court under whose instruction such 
 study was pursued. 
 
 (116)
 
 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 117 
 
 Examination — Regulations — Scope — Time and Place of Holding. 
 
 Examinations will be held at Raleigh on the first Monday in 
 February and the last Monday in August of each year. The 
 candidate shall undergo a written test before the justices of the 
 Supreme Court upon the various branches of the law, and, if 
 deemed sufficiently capable, as disclosed by the test, he shall 
 take the oath of office. 
 
 Admission of Attorneys from Other Jurisdictions. 
 
 If the applicant has obtained license to practice law in an- 
 other state, he may, in lieu of the certificate of two years' read- 
 ing and proficiency, file (with leave to withdraw) his law li- 
 cense issued by said state. In all other respects he must com- 
 ply with the requirements made for other applicants. 
 
 Miscellaneous. 
 
 The Supreme Court has decided (55 S. E. 635) that one who 
 complies with the formal requirements prescribed by the stat- 
 ute is entitled to become an applicant and to be examined, and, 
 if he shows himself to have competent knowledge, it is the duty 
 of the court to license him without investigating his general 
 moral character. 
 
 Source of Rules. 
 
 Rev. Laws 1905, §§ 207, 208; Rules Sup. Ct. (53 S. E. v) ; 
 In re Applicants for License (N. C.) 55 S. E. 635. 
 
 NORTH CAROLINA DECISIONS. 
 
 1778 to 1913. 
 
 A complete set of North Carolina Reports (down to 1913) 
 consists of 158 vols. All North Carolina decisions subsequent 
 to vol. 95 are reported in the Southeastern Reporter, 75 vols.
 
 118 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 
 
 The set also contains all decisions for the last 26 years of 
 Georgia, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia. The 
 tables of cross-citations furnished with the Southeastern make 
 it a simple matter to find the cases, even if cited by the State 
 Report page and volume. Write for prices and full informa- 
 tion. 
 
 West PuBLisinNQ Co., St Paul, Minn.
 
 North Dakota. 
 
 Residence— Age — Character. 
 
 Every applicant for admission shall be a resident of the state, 
 21 years of age, and of good moral character, which latter fact 
 shall be shown by affidavit of the secretary or dean of the law 
 school he attended or the attorney in whose office he studied. 
 
 Application — Form and Contents — Fee. 
 
 Applications, on blanks furnished by the clerk of the Su- 
 preme Court, must be filed with the clerk at Bismarck as soon 
 as possible before the date of the examination, and must con- 
 tain all the proofs as to age, residence, good moral character, 
 period of study, etc., required by the rules. If the application 
 is for admission on motion, a fee of $3 will be paid at the time 
 of filing; if for admission on examination, a fee of $13. In 
 the latter case $3 will be returned in case the applicant fails 
 to receive a license. 
 
 Term of Study. 
 
 Each applicant for admission must have pursued a regular 
 course of study of the law for at least three years, either in the 
 office of a member of the bar engaged in active practice in this 
 state or under the direction of a judge of the Supreme Court, 
 district court, or county court having increased jurisdiction, 
 of this state, or in some reputable law school in the United 
 States, or partly in such office and partly in such law school. 
 The above fact must be supported by the affidavit of the 
 secretary or dean of the law school attended by him, or of 
 the attorney in whose office he studied, and, in the latter 
 case, the affidavit shall state that such attorney was, during 
 such period, regularly engaged in the practice of law in 
 this state. In no case will applicants be admitted to exam- 
 ination unless it shall appear that they have pursued a course 
 of study equivalent to that required of candidates for grad- 
 
 (119)
 
 120 EULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 
 
 uation in the law department of the State University. It 
 shall be the duty of attorneys in this state with whom a 
 clerkship has begun to file with the clerk of the Supreme 
 Court a certificate stating the date of the commencement of 
 such clerkship, and such period shall be deemed to com- 
 mence at the time of such filing. 
 
 Examinations — Regulations— Scope — Time and Place of Holding. 
 
 Examinations are held at Fargo on the first Tuesday in De- 
 cember, and at Grand Forks on the first Tuesday of June. 
 The candidate shall undergo a public examination as to his 
 legal attainments before the State Board of Bar Examiners 
 consisting of three attorneys appointed by the Supreme Court. 
 Such examination shall be both written and oral. The board 
 shall report the results to the Supreme Court, and the Supreme 
 Court shall authorize the issuance of certificates of admission 
 to those who have successfully passed the examination. 
 
 Admission of Attorneys from Other Jurisdictions. 
 
 Any person who has been admitted to practice in another 
 state may be admitted here on written motion filed with the 
 clerk of the Supreme Court by a member of the bar of this 
 court, provided he has become a resident of the state. Such 
 person shall, in the discretion of the Supreme Court, be exempt 
 from examination and proof of study, if satisfactory evidence 
 is offered, by affidavit or the certificate of an attorney of this 
 court, that the requirements as to age, residence and good 
 moral character have been complied with, and that the appli- 
 cant has practiced law for three years in the state of his ad- 
 mission and is in good standing in that state. A fee of $3 
 shall accompany the application. 
 
 Miscellaneous. 
 
 The Supreme Court has decided that graduates of so-called 
 "correspondence schools" are not within the meaning of the 
 statute, and in consequence are not entitled to admission.
 
 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 121 
 
 Source of Rules. 
 
 Rev. Codes 1905, §§ 488-499; Laws 1911, cc. 57, 58; Sup. 
 Ct. Rules (74 N. W. xii). 
 
 NORTH DAKOTA DECISIONS. 
 
 1867 to 1913. 
 
 A complete set of reports for North Dakota (down to 1913) 
 consists of: 
 
 Dakota Territorial, 6 vols., 1867-1889. 
 North Dakota, 21 vols., 1889-1913. 
 
 All decisions of Dakota Territory and of North and South 
 Dakota are reported in the Northwestern Reporter, 137 vols. 
 The set also contains all decisions for the last 34 years of Iowa, 
 Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, and Wisconsin, and it sells at 
 less than one-fifth of the cost of the corresponding Reports. The 
 tables of cross-citations furnished with the Northwestern make 
 it a simple matter to find the cases, even if cited by the State 
 Report page and volume. The limited number of local author- 
 ities, and the fact that the decisions of Minnesota and Wiscon- 
 sin are followed closely by the Dakotas, makes the Northwest- 
 ern a necessity to the North Dakota lawyer. Write for full de- 
 scription and price. 
 
 West Publishing Co., St. Paul, Minn.
 
 Ohio, 
 
 Citizensliip — Residence—Age — Character. 
 
 No person shall be licensed to practice unless he is a citizen 
 of the United States, or has declared his bona fide intention 
 of becoming such, and unless he is 21 years of age, and until 
 he shall have filed a certificate of some attorney that he is of 
 good moral character and of sufficient legal knowledge and 
 ability to discharge the duties of an attorney and counselor at 
 law. One year's residence in the state is also required. 
 
 Application — 'When to be Filed — Form and Contents— Fee. 
 
 Application must in all instances be filed with the clerk of 
 the Supreme Court at Columbus not more than 60 nor less 
 than 30 days before the day of the examination, and must be 
 accompanied by the proofs as to age, residence, good moral 
 character, general education, term of study, etc., required by 
 the rules. Applicant, except in the case of one applying by 
 virtue of admission in some other jurisdiction, shall also file 
 his affidavit stating that he has read the Canons of Profes- 
 sional Ethics adopted by the State Bar Association, copies of 
 which may be obtained from the clerk. A fee of $6 must ac- 
 company each application, which sum will be returned if ap- 
 plicant's name is not placed on the examination roll. 
 
 General Education. 
 
 A preliminary education, other than legal, equivalent to that 
 received in a four-year course in a public high school of this 
 state, is necessary before undertaking the examination, and 
 the certificate setting forth the evidence as to this must ac- 
 company the application. Applicants who do not present satis- 
 factory evidence of their educational attainments will be re- 
 quired to undergo examination relative thereto. Examinations 
 for this purpose are held by a comniittee appointed by the 
 
 (122)
 
 EDLES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 123 
 
 Supreme Court at Columbus, one on the third Tuesday of 
 May and one on the third Tuesday in November. A fee of 
 $2 must be paid to the clerk of the Supreme Court before 
 entering upon such examination. Certificate of the committee 
 showing that applicant passed such examination must be filed 
 with the clerk of the Supreme Court at least 6 days before the 
 law examination. 
 
 Term of Study. 
 
 A period of three years of regular and diligent study in the 
 office of a practicing attorney or in a law school, or partly in 
 an office and partly in a law school, shall be required before 
 permission shall be granted to attempt the examination; and 
 a certificate showing the name, age, and residence of the 
 student, and the date when he commenced the study of law, 
 shall be filed with the clerk of the Supreme Court. A fee of 
 50 cents shall accompany the certificate. As to all such per- 
 sons, the three years' study shall date from the filing of such 
 certificate. 
 
 Examination^ — Regulations — Scope — Time and Place of Holding. 
 
 After the expiration of the thirtieth day before the exam- 
 ination the court will examine the papers filed by the appli- 
 cant, and if satisfied as to the sufficiency thereof will cause his 
 name to be placed on the examination roll, which will be de- 
 livered to the standing committee on examination, consisting 
 of ten members of the bar. Examinations are held at Colum- 
 bus on the first Tuesday and Wednesday of each June and 
 December only. Such examinations shall be written and shall 
 comprise the subjects of Real and Personal Property, Torts, 
 Contracts, Evidence, Pleading, Partnership, Bailments, Nego- 
 tiable Instruments, Agency, Suretyship, Domestic Relations, 
 Wills, Corporations, Equity, Criminal Law, Constitutional 
 Law, and the Canons of Professional Ethics adopted by the 
 Ohio State Bar Association at its annual meeting in 1909. An
 
 124 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 
 
 average of Tb per cent, is required in order to successfully 
 pass the examination. If applicant fails to pass, he shall not 
 be required to pay any further sum upon a second application ; 
 but for each subsequent application a fee of $6 shall be paid. 
 In case the applicant is rejected, second examination shall be 
 allowed upon filing a certificate that he has studied law for six 
 months subsequent to the prior test. But examinations are 
 restricted to five in number, and the fifth examination shall be 
 not less than two years after the fourth, and applicant must 
 furnish certificate that he has studied diligently during the in- 
 tervening two years. The applicant is thereafter ineligible. If 
 successful, the oath of office shall be administered before a 
 license is granted. 
 
 Admission of Attorneys from Other Jurisdictions. 
 
 A person, resident of the state, who has pursued the study 
 of law for three years under the tuition of an attorney, and 
 has been admitted in a court of record of the United States, 
 or, having been admitted after a shorter period of study, has 
 practiced for a time sufficient, when added to his term of pre- 
 paratory study, to make up the three years, may be admitted to 
 examination upon proof of good moral character, provided 
 that one who has been admitted in the highest court of an- 
 other state after a course of study of at least two years shall 
 be licensed in this state without examination, upon proof of 
 the preliminary study, the admission in such state, five years 
 of practice there immediately preceding his removal to Ohio, 
 and evidence of good moral character. The candidate shall, 
 not more than GO nor less than 30 days before the examination, 
 file with the clerk his affidavit, stating that he is a resident of 
 the state or intends to become a resident thereof, his name, 
 age, and former and present residence, and his certificate of 
 admission to the bar, which, if issued less than three years 
 before such filing, must be accompanied by the certificate of
 
 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 125 
 
 his preceptor, showing- the extent and character of his study. 
 and he shall file, also, a certificate of a judge of the court in 
 which he practiced, stating that the candidate was of good 
 standing in that court. In addition, he must file the recom- 
 mendation of an attorney in this state that he be admitted to 
 the bar. A fee of $6 and a registry fee of 50 cents shall be 
 deposited at the time of filing the application. 
 
 Miscellaneous. 
 
 Any person, not yet admitted in any court of record of the 
 United States, who shall have commenced the study of law 
 while a nonresident, on coming into this state shall file with 
 the clerk his affidavit, stating his purpose of making this state 
 his permanent residence, his name, age, and present or former 
 residence, and his preceptor's certificate of the place, com- 
 mencement, and duration of the applicant's study of law, which 
 application shall be accompanied by a fee of 50 cents. The 
 one year's residence in this state required of such persons shall 
 date from the filing of such papers. 
 
 Certificates from correspondence schools of law, or from 
 lawyers without the state, certifying that applicant has studied 
 under their supervision within the state, will not be recognized. 
 
 No person shall be excluded from acting as attorney at law 
 and practicing in all the courts of this state on account of sex. 
 
 Source of Rules. 
 
 Gen. Code, §§ 1699-1706 ; Sup. Ct. Rules. 
 
 OHIO DECISIONS. 
 
 1821 to 1913. 
 
 A complete set of Ohio Reports (down to 1913) consists of: 
 Ohio, 20 vols., 1831-1851. 
 Ohio State, 85 vols., 1852-1913.
 
 126 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 
 
 All decisions subsequent to vol. 43 Ohio State, are reported 
 in the Northeastern Reporter, 99 vols., together with all deci- 
 sions for the last 28 years of Illinois, Indiana, Massachusetts, 
 and New York. These being the states in which the great com- 
 mercial centers of the country are located, it naturally follows 
 that the Northeastern is the best set of reports on commercial 
 law and kindred topics extant. The tables of cross-citations 
 furnished with the Northeastern make it a simple matter to find 
 the cases, even if cited by the State Report page and volume. 
 
 There are also published in Ohio several series of reports 
 and periodicals, covering the decisions of the various inferior 
 courts. 
 
 We will be pleased to furnish prices and full information re- 
 garding the Northeastern on request. 
 
 West Publishing Co., St Paul, Minn.
 
 Oklahoma. 
 
 Citizenship — Residence — Age — Character. 
 
 It is necessary that the applicant shall be a resident of the 
 state and citizen of the United States, or shall have declared 
 his intention, 21 years of age, and of good moral character, 
 which last must be certified to by some reputable attorney. 
 Said certificate shall also contain the statement of the attor- 
 ney that applicant has regularly and attentively studied law 
 for one year previous to his application, and that he believes 
 applicant to be a person of sufficient legal knowledge and 
 ability to discharge the duties of an attorney and counselor 
 at law. 
 
 Application — Fee. 
 
 Application, together with all credentials, etc., required by 
 the rules, must be addressed to the clerk of the Supreme Court 
 at Oklahoma City, Okl., on blanks furnished by said clerk, not 
 less than 30 days before each semiannual meeting of the Board 
 of Examiners. Each application must be accompanied by a fee 
 of $12, which will be returned in case applicant's name is not 
 placed on the examination roll. 
 
 Educational Qualifications. 
 
 No one shall be admitted whose educational attainments are 
 not equivalent to those indicated by the completion of the 
 course of study in the public high schools of the state. The 
 examining board will hold examinations for those applicants 
 who cannot comply with this requirement. 
 
 (127)
 
 128 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 
 
 Term of Study. 
 
 Applicants must have studied law for a period of at least 
 one year previous to making application, which period of 
 study must be certified to as shown above. 
 
 Examination — Regulations — Scope — Time and Place of Holding. 
 
 Examinations are held at Oklahoma City on the third Tues- 
 day in June and first Tuesday in December of each year. Ex- 
 aminations are held orally and in writing, and applicant shall 
 sustain an average of 71 per cent, on written examinations em- 
 bracing the following subjects: The Law of Real and Per- 
 sonal Property, Torts, Contracts, Evidence, Pleading, Partner- 
 ship, Bailments, Negotiable Instruments, Agency, Suretyship, 
 Domestic Relations, Wills, Corporations, Equity, Criminal 
 Law, Constitutional Law, and Legal Ethics. If the applicant 
 fails in the examination, he will be admitted to the next ex- 
 amination without additional charge, provided he has studied 
 law for an additional period of five months ; but no applicant 
 shall be admitted to more than two examinations, except upon 
 the payment of an additional fee for each subsequent examina- 
 tion. A fee of $1 shall be paid to the clerk for license. 
 
 Admission of Attorneys from Other States. 
 
 Ex-judges of state or federal courts, or of the District of 
 Columbia, are admitted without examination. Attorneys in 
 good standing who have been admitted on examination in the 
 highest court of any state or territory, or of the District of 
 Columbia, will also be admitted without examination, provided 
 they have been engaged in the practice of law for one year 
 next preceding the application. Applications in above cases 
 must be accompanied by a fee of $5. A fee of $1 shall also 
 be paid to the clerk upon receipt of license to practice. 
 
 Graduates of a law school of recognized standing in any 
 state or territory, or in the District of Columbia, who fulfil the
 
 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 129 
 
 requirements as to age and residence, may file a verified appli- 
 cation with the clerk, showing the fact*of such graduation, and 
 that applicant is of good moral character. Such graduates 
 shall be permitted to practice until the next meeting of the 
 Bar commission for the purpose of examining applicants or 
 making recommendations upon applications. All other per- 
 sons who have been in active and continuous practice in any 
 state or territory, or in the District of Columbia, for at least 
 five years immediately preceding the filins" ot iheir application, 
 and whose applications are accompanied by a certificate of a 
 majority of the judges of the highest court of the jurisdiction 
 in which applicant has so practiced, showing such period of 
 practice and that applicant is of good moral character, may be 
 admitted. 
 
 Admissions in the cases provided above will be made at any 
 session of the Supreme Court of the state upon presentation 
 of a certificate from the chairman and secretary of the Board 
 of Examiners. 
 
 Miscellaneous. 
 
 Attorneys eligible to practice in any court of record of the 
 state may be admitted to practice in the Supreme Court or any 
 other court of the state, upon taking the prescribed oath and 
 filing same with the clerk of the court, together with evidence 
 of their admission to such court of record, and a certificate of 
 good moral character from the judge of the district court of 
 the district, and county judge and county attorney of the county 
 in which applicant resides. A fee of $3 will be paid to tlie 
 clerk of the Supreme Court, who will issue certificate of ad- 
 mission to such attorney. 
 
 Source of Rules. 
 
 Supreme Court rules ; Acts of ^larch 4 and 16, 1903 ; Act 
 March 25, 1910. 
 9
 
 130 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAB. 
 
 OKLAHOMA DECISIONS. 
 
 1890 to 1913. 
 
 A complete set of Oklahoma Reports (down to 1913) con- 
 sists of 32 volumes. All Oklahoma decisions are reported in 
 the Pacific Reporter, 128 volumes. By Acts 1907-1908, p. 
 291, a new court, styled the "Criminal Court of Appeals," was 
 established for the purpose of relieving the pressure upon the 
 Supreme Court. The decisions of this court make 7 vol- 
 umes to date. The decisions of Kansas are closely followed 
 by the Oklahoma courts, for the reason that the statutes were 
 adapted from those of Kansas. The Pacific Reporter contains 
 all Kansas decisions for the last 30 years, representing more 
 than 75 per cent, of all the decisions of Kansas. The set also 
 contains all decisions for the last 30 years of California, Colo- 
 rado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, Oregon, 
 Washington, and Wyoming, and all of Arizona. The tables 
 of cross-citations furnished with the Pacific make it a simple 
 matter to find the cases, even if cited by the State Report page 
 and volume. Write for price and full description. 
 
 West Publishing Co., St. Paul, Minn.
 
 Oregon. 
 
 Citizensliip— Age — Character. 
 
 In applying for admission, the candidate must show to the 
 Supreme Court by his affidavit that he is a citizen of the Unit- 
 ed States and of this state, or a resident of the state who has 
 declared his bona fide intention of becoming a citizen, and 21 
 years of age, and by the certificate of two practicing attorneys 
 of the court, in good standing, that he is of good moral char- 
 acter. 
 
 Application — Form and Contents — Fee. 
 
 Applications for admission can only be made to the Supreme 
 Court, Salem, Or., on forms which may be obtained from the 
 clerk. Such applications must be accompanied by all the affida- 
 vits and certificates as to age, residence, citizenship, term of 
 study, moral character, etc., required by the rules. The appli- 
 cation must be accompanied by a fee of $10 if for admission 
 on examination, and $20 if for admission on certificate of ad- 
 mission in some other state. 
 
 Term of Study. 
 
 A certificate of some reputable attorney of the Supreme 
 Court that the applicant has studied law for a term of three 
 years, or, if a graduate of a recognized college, for two years, 
 must be filed with the application, unless the applicant pro- 
 duces a diploma from any reputable law school or shows that 
 he is a graduate thereof, in which case the certificate of term 
 of study may be dispensed with. In the affidavit above re- 
 quired as to citizenship, etc., the applicant shall give a list of 
 the books he has read. 
 
 (131)
 
 132 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 
 
 Examination— Regulations — Scope — Time and Place of Holding. 
 
 Examinations are held on the second day of the October 
 term, at Salem, and at such other time at any term as may be 
 ordered, on the written application of five or more persons de- 
 siring admission. Such examinations shall be conducted in 
 writing, or partly in writing and partly orally, by the justices 
 of the Supreme Court or under their direction, in open court, 
 and shall include queries on the subjects of the common law, 
 the law merchant, the principles of equity jurisprudence, the 
 history and constitutional law of England prior to the Declara- 
 tion of Independence, the history and constitutional law of the 
 United States, the statute and constitutional law of this state, 
 and the practical administration of the law. If found quali- 
 fied, the prescribed oath shall be taken. 
 
 Admission of Attorneys from Other Jurisdictions. 
 
 An attorney admitted in the highest courts of any other state 
 or country where the common law prevails, who is otherwise 
 qualified, may be admitted in this state for nine months, upon 
 fihng a certificate of admission in such court or courts and a 
 petition stating where and for how long he has practiced since 
 his admission and his standing in each court and whether pro- 
 ceedings for disbarment or suspension have ever been insti- 
 tuted against him. Such petition must also be accompanied by 
 a recommendation from the presiding judge of the highest 
 court in which he last practiced and the certificate of two at- 
 torneys of this court that they believe him to be a reputable 
 attorney and a person of good moral character. A fee of $20 
 must be paid at the time of filing the application. If no objec- 
 tion to his admission is filed within six months, he may be ad- 
 mitted permanently. He need not become a resident of this 
 state if Oregon attorneys are admitted in his state upon sim- 
 ilar terms.
 
 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 133 
 
 'Women may be Admitted. 
 
 Women shall be admitted by qualifying under the foregoing 
 stipulations. 
 
 Source of Rules. 
 
 Lord's Oregon Laws, §§ 1077-1079; Sup. Ct. Rules Oct. 
 3, 1911. 
 
 OREGON DECISIONS. 
 
 1853 to 1913. 
 
 A complete set of Oregon Reports (down to 1913) consists 
 of 60 vols. The Pacific Reporter, 128 vols., contains all Oregon 
 decisions subsequent to vol. 10, and in addition all decisions for 
 the last 30 years of California, Colorado, Idaho, Kansas, Mon- 
 tana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming, 
 and all of Arizona and Oklahoma. The tables of cross-cita- 
 tions furnished with the Pacific make it a simple matter to find 
 the cases, even if cited by the State Report page and volume. 
 The Pacific is so generally used and cited throughout the Pacif- 
 ic Coast states that access to the decisions therein reported is 
 most essential. Write for price and full information. ' 
 
 West Publishing Co., St. Paul, Minn.
 
 Pennsylvania. 
 
 Applicants for Examination and Registration as 
 Students at Law. 
 
 Application — Fee. 
 
 Applications for examination and registration as law stu- 
 dents must be filed with the secretary of the Board of Examin- 
 ers, Charles L. McKeehan, West End Trust Bldg., Phila., at 
 least 21 days before the date of examination, and must be ac- 
 companied by satisfactory proof of the good moral character 
 of the applicant, which shall consist of a certificate to that 
 effect signed by at least three members of the bar in good 
 standing in the judicial district in which the applicant resides 
 or intends to practice. A fee of $25 must be paid at or before 
 the time of filing the application. 
 
 General Education — Examination — Registration. 
 
 Applicant must pass a written preliminary examination in 
 English language and literature, outlines of universal history, 
 history of England and of the United States, arithmetic, alge- 
 bra through quadratics, plane geometry, modern geography, 
 the first four books of Caesar's Commentaries, the first six 
 books of the .Eneid, and the first four orations of Cicero 
 against Catiline : Provided, that an applicant who holds an 
 academic degree from a college or university approved by the 
 court may register as a student at law without taking the 
 preliminary examination. 
 
 An applicant who fails in more than two subjects will be 
 given no credit whatever, but may appear for re-examination 
 at any preliminary examination held within the succeeding 
 year, without filing additional credentials, upon payment of 
 one-half the regular examination fee. An applicant who fails 
 
 (134)
 
 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 135 
 
 in not more than two subjects will be given credit in the sub- 
 jects in which he passes and will be permitted to appear for re- 
 examination in the subjects in which he fails at the next suc- 
 ceeding preliminary examination, without filing additional cre- 
 dentials and without the payment of any examination fee. In 
 either instance, notice must be given to the secretary of the 
 board at least 21 days in advance. Upon receiving a certificate 
 recommending his registration, the candidate shall cause his 
 name, age, place of residence, the name of his preceptor or law 
 school in which he proposes to pursue his studies, to be regis- 
 tered with the prothonotary of the Supreme Court for the dis- 
 trict to which his county belongs. 
 
 Applicants for Final Examination and Admission to 
 THE Bar. 
 
 Examination — Term of Study — Scope — Fee. 
 
 Applicants must have studied law at least three years after 
 registration, either by attendance at a law school offering a 
 three years' course of eight months per year, or partly in a law 
 school and partly in the office of a practicing attorney, or by 
 service of a regular clerkship in the office of a practicing attor- 
 ney, and must advertise their intention to apply for admission in 
 a newspaper published within the judicial district in which the 
 applicants reside, and in the Legal Intelligencer, once a week 
 for four weeks immediately preceding the filing of his ap- 
 plication. His application must be filed 21 days before the 
 examination, and be accompanied by a certificate, signed by at 
 least three members of the bar residing in applicant's judicial 
 district, as to his moral character, and also a certificate from 
 the dean of the law school or preceptor that he has been in reg- 
 ular attendance and pursued the study of law with diligence. 
 The examination is in writing, and embraces the subjects of 
 Blackstone's Commentaries, Constitutional Law, including the 
 Constitutions of the United States and Pennsylvania, Equity,
 
 136 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 
 
 Real and Personal Property, Evidence, Decedents' Estates, 
 Landlord and Tenant, Contracts, Partnership, Corporations, 
 Crimes, Torts, Domestic Relations, Common-Law Pleading and 
 Practice, Pennsylvania Practice, Federal Statutes relating to the 
 Judiciary and Bankruptcy, Pennsylvania Statutes and Deci- 
 sions, and the Rules of Court. A fee of $25 must be paid to 
 the board at or before the time of filing the application. If the 
 applicant fails to pass, he may appear for re-examination at 
 any final examination held within the succeeding year, without 
 filing additional credentials, upon payment of one-half the reg- 
 ular examination fee. Notice must be filed with the secretary 
 of the board at least 21 days in advance. 
 
 Admission of Attorneys from Other Jurisdictions. 
 
 Attorneys in good standing who have been admitted to the 
 court of last resort of another state, who have practiced therein 
 for at least five years, and who can furnish evidence of good 
 moral character, may be admitted without examination upon the 
 recommendation of the state board of examiners. Attorneys 
 in good standing from other states who have practiced at least 
 one year may, in the discretion of the Board of Examiners, 
 be admitted in Pennsylvania upon taking the final examination 
 only. Attorneys who are members in good standing of a 
 court of record of another state, but who have not practiced 
 at said bar, may be admitted to final examination, without 
 previous registration in Pennsylvania, providing they shall 
 have served a regular clerkship in the office of a practicing 
 attorney in this state for a period of at least one year. In the 
 last two cases, however, it is the practice of the board to re- 
 quire applicants to pass the preliminary as well as final exam- 
 ination. 
 
 Miscellaneous. 
 
 Examinations, both preliminary and final, are held simul- 
 taneously during July and December, in the cities of Phila-
 
 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 137 
 
 delphia and Pittsburg, and petitions to take the examination 
 must be filed with the board. All applications must be on the 
 forms provided by the Board of Examiners. A pamphlet con- 
 taining fuller information can be obtained from the secretary 
 of the Board of Examiners. These rules apply solely to ad- 
 missions in the Supreme Court. 
 
 Source of Rules. 
 
 Rules Sup. Ct. 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA DECISIONS. 
 
 1754 to 1913. 
 
 A complete set of the reports of the Pennsylvania court of 
 last resort (down to 1913) consists of: 
 
 Pennsylvania Supreme Court Reports, 1754-1845. 
 
 Dallas, 4 vols. 
 
 Addison, 1 vol. 
 
 Yeates, 4 vols. 
 
 Binney, 6 vols. 
 
 Sergeant & Rawle, 17 vols. 
 
 Rawle, 5 vols. 
 
 Penrose & Watts, o vols. 
 
 Watts, 10 vols. 
 
 Wharton, 6 vols. 
 
 Watts & Sergeant, 9 vols. 
 Pennsylvania State Reports, 234 vols., 1844-1913. 
 All decisions subsequent to vol. 109 Pennsylvania, are report- 
 ed in the Atlantic Reporter, 84 vols. In fact, this is the only 
 medium for obtaining all the decisions. Upward of 1,500 cases 
 have been omitted from the Pennsylvania State Reports, and 
 these are all reported in full in the Atlantic Reporter. The At- 
 lantic also contains all decisions for the last 28 years of Con-
 
 138 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 
 
 necticut, Delaware, Maine, Maryland, New Hampshire, New 
 Jersey, Rhode Island, and Vermont. The tables of cross-cita- 
 tions furnished with the Atlantic make it a simple matter to 
 find the cases, even if cited by the State Report page and vol- 
 ume. 
 
 There are many side reports, periodicals, etc., covering the 
 decisions of the inferior courts of Pennsylvania. The list is 
 too long to include here, but we will furnish a catalogue in 
 which these are set forth on request. We will be pleased to 
 quote prices and furnish tuii information regarding the Atlan- 
 tic Reporter on request. 
 
 West Publishing Co., St. Paul, Minn.
 
 Philippine Islands. 
 
 Citizenship— Residence— Age — Character. 
 
 .\ny resident of the Philippine Islands, not a subject or citi- 
 zen of any foreign government, of the age of 21 years and of 
 good moral character, may apply for admission to the bar in 
 these Islands. Proof as to age, residence, and citizenship shall 
 be by affidavit of the applicant. 
 
 Application — Form and Contents — Fee. 
 
 Application, accompanied by all the affidavits, certificates, 
 etc., required by the rules, together with a fee of 30 pesos, 
 Philippine currency, and evidence of good moral character, 
 must be filed vi^ith the clerk of the Supreme Court at Manila 
 at least 15 days before the day of the examination. In case 
 applicant is not admitted to the examination, the 30 pesos shall 
 be returned to him. 
 
 General Education. 
 
 Every applicant shall offer evidence, by certificate filed with 
 the clerk of the Supreme Court, that before beginning the study 
 of law he had completed the course of studies formerly re- 
 quired by Spanish legislation for the degree of Bachelor of 
 Arts, or a course of studies equivalent thereto or to those now 
 found in the curriculum of the Government Normal School : 
 Provided, that the court will not accept a certificate or diploma 
 as proof that applicant has completed an equivalent course of 
 study, unless accompanied by a certificate from the Secretary of 
 Public Instruction, showing that the courses of study in the 
 college or institute of learning issuing such diploma are equiva- 
 lent at least to the studies required by this paragraph. 
 
 (139)
 
 140 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAB. 
 
 Period of Study. 
 
 Applicants, other than those who have been admitted in the 
 United States Supreme Court, or in any United States Circuit 
 Court of Appeal or Circuit or District Court, or in the highest 
 court of any state or territory in the United States, or in the 
 courts of the Philippine Islands or of Spain or any of its de- 
 pendencies during the period of Spanish sovereignty, shall 
 prove that they have regularly and diligently studied law for 
 three years in a law school or university, or in the office of a 
 practicing attorney, or in a court of record. The affidavit of 
 the candidate, accompanied by a certificate from the law 
 school, attorney, or clerk of court under whose tuition said 
 studies were pursued, shall be filed as proof. 
 
 Examination — Regulations — Scope— Time and Place of Holding. 
 
 A committee of three practicing lawyers is appointed by the 
 Supreme Court to conduct the examinations. Such examina- 
 tions shall be in writing, and shall be divided into three parts. 
 The first shall consist of questions upon Civil Law, Civil Pro- 
 cedure, and ^Mercantile Law. The second shall be upon Crimi- 
 nal Procedure and Private and Public International Law. The 
 third shall consist exclusively of drawing judgments, orders, 
 complaints, answers, and briefs for defense and prosecution. 
 The questions for the first two exercises shall be the same for 
 all applicants. Applicant may be provided with an English 
 translation of the questions and may write out his answers in 
 English, which shall be subsequently translated into Spanish 
 by the official translator. The time between each of the three 
 exercises shall not exceed six days. No person who has not 
 successfully passed an exercise shall be permitted to be examin- 
 ed in subsequent exercises. Applicants may be examined oral- 
 ly, if the committee deems it necessary. A grade of 75 per 
 cent, in each one of the three exercises shall be required in
 
 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 141 
 
 order to successfully pass the examination. No applicant shall 
 be examined more than three times. Applicants who have fail- 
 ed in the first, second, or third exercises may be re-examined 
 within five months after the last exercise upon which they may 
 have failed. The successful candidate shall be admitted in 
 open court on motion of the committee, on the day following 
 the announcement of the result. No additional fee is required 
 upon being admitted to practice. 
 
 Examinations are held at Manila on the third Mondays in 
 March and September. 
 
 Admission of Attorneys from Other Jurisdictions. 
 
 An attorney who has been admitted in the Supreme Court of 
 the United States or in any United States Circuit Court of Ap- 
 peal, Circuit or District Court, or in the highest court of any 
 state or territory in the United States will be required to pass 
 an examination based upon the Civil Code, Penal Code, and the 
 Code of Commerce in force m these Islands. Such attorney 
 shall exhibit license evidencing the fact of his admission, to- 
 gether with evidence that he is in good standing in such foreign 
 state or territory. In case any such candidate shall fail to pass 
 the examination, he may be re-examined within five months 
 after the date of such failure. The usual fee is required, and 
 will be returned in case applicant fails to pass the examination. 
 
 Miscellaneous. 
 
 Applicants who have been admitted in the courts of the Phil- 
 ippine Islands or in the courts of Spain or any of its de[)enden- 
 cies during the period of Spanish sovereignty, and who possess 
 the qualifications required by section 14, Code of Civil Proce- 
 dure, will be required to pass an examination based upon the 
 Codes of Civil and Criminal Procedure now in force, and upon 
 such other Codes as may hereafter be enacted by legislative 
 authority. Such persons shall exhibit license as evidence of
 
 142 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 
 
 their former admission, together with evidence of good stand- 
 ing. In case any such candidate shall fail to pass the examina- 
 tion, he may be re-examined within five months after the date 
 of such failure. The usual fee is required, and will be returned 
 in case applicant fails to pass. 
 
 All persons who commence the study of law in these Islands 
 shall register their names in the office of the clerk of court of 
 the province in which they may pursue their studies or in the 
 office of the clerk of the Supreme Court at Manila in case they 
 shall study in that city, and file a certificate showing that they 
 are engaged in such study. This certificate must be filed some 
 time during June of each year. 
 
 Sonrce of Rules. 
 
 Rules Sup. Ct. (vol. 7, Philippine Reports, p. xv; vol. 8, p. 
 705) ; Compiled Acts of Philippine Commission 1907, §■§ 2416- 
 2424. 
 
 PHILIPPINE ISLAND DECISIONS. 
 
 1898 to 1913. 
 
 A complete set of Philippine Reports (down to 1913) con- 
 sists of 20 vols. 
 
 West Publishing Co., St. Paul, Minn.
 
 Porto Rico. 
 
 Citizenship — Age^CIiaxacter. 
 
 The rules for admission to the bar of this territory provide 
 that the appHcant shall be a citizen of the United States or 
 Porto Rico, 21 years of age, and of good moral character, 
 which last shall be certified to by two lawyers in good standing 
 before the Supreme Court. 
 
 Kxain ination — Regulations — Scope. 
 
 Examinations are conducted by a Board of Examiners, un- 
 der the direction of the Supreme Court. Applicants, other than 
 those who have obtained a diploma from any accredited law 
 school of the United States, shall submit to an examination 
 on the subjects comprised in the three courses below set forth, 
 and in the order named : First — Natural Law, Civil Code, 
 Penal Code, Legal Medicine, Insular and Federal Political 
 Code, Notarial Law. Second — Code of Commerce, Federal 
 Bankruptcy Law, Political Economy, Civil and Criminal Pro- 
 cedure, Law of Evidence. Third — Mortgage Law (substantive 
 and adjective), International Law (private and public), Treas- 
 ury Department Laws, Law of Special Proceedings, Notarial 
 and Forensic Practice. An average grade of 75 per cent, is 
 required in order to be entitled to admission.' 
 
 Admission on Diploma. 
 
 Any person who has obtained a diploma from any accredited 
 law school of the United States (provided said diploma has not 
 been acquired by correspondence) may be admitted to practice 
 upon presentation to the Supreme Court of such diploma, duly 
 authenticated by the Secretary of State wherein the university 
 is situated, together with an affidavit from the dean of the 
 
 (143)
 
 144 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 
 
 university, to be also authenticated as above stated, setting 
 forth that applicant has studied law at such university for 
 not less than two years , and upon passing a general oral ex- 
 amination on the subjects above enumerated, and in the order 
 named. 
 
 Admission of Attorneys from Other Jurisdictions. 
 
 Any person who has been admitted in the Supreme Court of 
 any state or territory of the United States, or in the District 
 Court of the United States for Porto Rico, and has been active- 
 ly engaged in practice for two years or more, including at least 
 one year's practice in the District Court of the United States 
 for Porto Rico, may be admitted in the Supreme Court without 
 examination, upon producing satisfactory evidence of such 
 former admission and period of practice. 
 
 Source of Rules. 
 
 Act March 8, 1906, in effect Jan. 31, 1907. 
 
 PORTO RICO DECISIONS. 
 
 1905 to 1913. 
 
 The decisions of the United States District Court at Porto 
 Rico are published in a series known as the "Porto Rico Fed- 
 eral Reports," of which six volumes have been issued to date. 
 The decisions of the Supreme Court of Porto Rico comprise 
 16 volumes to date. The first two volumes are published in 
 Spanish only; volumes 3-6 are published in Spanish and 
 English (alternate pages), and volumes 7 to date are published 
 in separate volumes of Spanish and English. 
 
 What Publishing Co., St. Paul, Minn.
 
 Rhode Island 
 
 Citizenship— Residence — Age — Character. 
 
 The applicant for admission to the bar in this state shall 
 be a citizen of the United States, or shall have declared his in- 
 tention of becoming such, a resident of this state, 21 years of 
 age, and of good moral character, which last must be certified 
 to by an attorney of the Supreme Court. 
 
 Application — Form and Contents — Fee. 
 
 Petitioner shall file his petition with the clerk of the Su- 
 preme Court at Providence. Such petition must contain the 
 proofs as to citizenship, residence, age, good moral character, 
 general education, period of study, etc., required by the rules. 
 Petitioner must also state that he intends, if admitted, to prac- 
 tice law in this state. A fee of $10 shall accompany the ap* 
 plication. 
 
 General Education. 
 
 Before commencing the study of law, the candidate must 
 have received an education equivalent to that received in a high 
 school in one of the cities of the state. 
 
 Term of Study. 
 
 If the candidate has received a classical education, his peti- 
 tion shall set forth that he has studied law two years in the 
 office of a practicing attorney, or two years in some law school 
 and attorney's office, provided that six months of such study 
 shall be spent in the office of an attorney in this state. If he 
 has not received a classical education, his petition shall state 
 that he has spent three years in the study of law, six months 
 of which study shall have been in the office of an attorney in 
 this state. Proof that the applicant has studied the required 
 time in an office in this state will be by the affidavit of the at- 
 torney in whose office he studied. Proof that the applicant 
 10 (145)
 
 146 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 
 
 is a graduate of an approved college or law school will be the 
 production of the diploma under the seal of the institution. 
 The time of study in a law school when an applicant has not 
 graduated therefrom will be proved by certificate of the dean 
 or secretary of such school. The board will recognize the fol- 
 lowing law schools: Albany Law School, Boston University, 
 Columbia, Columbian Law School, Cornell, Georgetown, Har- 
 vard, New York Law School, Northwestern, University of 
 Iowa, University of Michigan, University of Pennsylvania. 
 University of Virginia. Yale. The board will recognize an 
 applicant as having received a classical education who has 
 graduated from a college whose course is substantially equiva- 
 lent to Brown University. 
 
 ExammatioiL — Regulations — Scope — Time and Place of HoldliLg. 
 
 Examinations will be held in the city of Providence during 
 the last week in March and September in each year, and at 
 such other times as may appear necessary or expedient. 
 
 The petition for admission shall be referred to the Board of 
 Examiners, consisting of five members of the bar appointed 
 by the court, which board shall satisfy itself as to the allega- 
 tions in the petition referred to, and that the applicant is capa- 
 ble of properly advising his clients and conducting their causes, 
 and is sufficiently versed in the law as disclosed by a test upon 
 the subjects of Contract, Torts, Criminal Law, Pleading, Real 
 Property, Sales, Agency, Bills and Notes, Evidence, Equity, 
 Jurisprudence and Pleadings, Corporations — Public and Pri- 
 vate, Damages, Probate Law and Practice, Domestic Relations, 
 Partnership, Trusts, Carriers, Constitutional Law, and Bank- 
 ruptcy, besides general principles of the common law, the 
 statute law of the state, and the principles of the Constitutions 
 of the state and the United States. The board shall recom- 
 mend to the Supreme Court those candidates who have success- 
 fully passed the examination. Such candidates shall then, un-
 
 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAB. 147 
 
 less the court otherwise orders, be admitted as attorneys of 
 this court. In case of failure to pass the examination, a fee 
 of $5 shall be required upon the filing of any subsequent peti- 
 tion. The secretary of the board will notify each applicant of 
 llie result of his examination, and will inform those possessing 
 the necessary requirements as to the time when the board will 
 recommend their admission to the court. 
 
 Admission of Attorneys from Otlier Jurisdictions. 
 
 One admitted in another state, who has practiced therein for 
 more than three years, shall be eligible to the examination after 
 six months of study in an attorney's office of this state; but 
 one so admitted in another state, who has practiced for 10 
 years, may dispense with the course of study in such office. 
 In either case he must produce his license to practice in such 
 other state, or the certificate of the clerk of the highest court 
 in such state ; also a certificate of good moral character from 
 the Chief Justice of such court. 
 
 Certificate of Clerkship. 
 
 Any person entering the office of an attorney in this state 
 as a student of law shall file with the clerk of the Supreme 
 Court such attorney's certificate, stating that the term of clerk- 
 ship has commenced, and the time of such period shall begin 
 with the filing of the notice. 
 
 Source of Rules. 
 
 Gen. Laws 1909, c. 272, § 2; Rules Supreme Court and 
 Board of Examiners, in force 1910. 
 
 RHODE ISLAND DECISIONS. 
 
 1828 to 1913. 
 
 A complete set of Rhode Island Reports (down to 1913) con- 
 sists of 33 vols. All Rhode Island decisions subsequent to vol.
 
 148 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 
 
 14 are reported in the Atlantic Reporter, 84 vols. The set also 
 contains all decisions for the last 28 years of Connecticut, Del- 
 aware, Maine, Maryland, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Penn- 
 sylvania, and Vermont, including upward of 2,500 decisions — 
 a number of which are from Rhode Island — which have been 
 omitted from the State Reports, and can only be found in the 
 Atlantic. The tables of cross-citations furnished with the At- 
 lantic make it a simple matter to find the cases, even if cited by 
 the State Report page and volume. The limited number of lo- 
 cal precedents makes reference to the decisions of the neighbor- 
 ing states a frequent necessity, and the decisions reported in the 
 Atlantic carry weight in Rhode Island. Write for price and 
 full information. 
 
 West Pubmshing Co., St. Paul, Minn.
 
 South Carolina. 
 
 Citizenship— Residence— Age— Character. 
 
 The applicant for admission in this state shall be a citizen 
 of the state, 21 years of age and of good moral character, 
 which last must be certified to by at least three reputable at- 
 torneys of this state. 
 
 Application — Fee. 
 
 Application in writing must be filed with the Clerk of the 
 Supreme Court, Columbia, S. C, at least two weeks prior to 
 the date of the examination. Such applications must contain 
 statements as to age, occupation, and residence of the ap- 
 plicant, and must be accompanied by proof of the qualifica- 
 tions as to moral character, general education and term of 
 study, as outlined above and below. A fee of $5 must ac- 
 company the application. 
 
 General Education. 
 
 Applicant must present to the Board of Examiners satis- 
 factory proof in writing, by examination, or otherwise, as the 
 board may direct, that he has had a preliminary general educa- 
 tion equivalent to that of a graduate of a high school of this 
 state. His application shall show the schools and colleges at- 
 tended and the course of study taken. 
 
 Term of Study. 
 
 He must also present such proof as the board directs that 
 he has studied law in a law school in the United States, or in 
 the office or under the direction of a member of the bar of 
 this state, for a period of two years during at least 36 weeks 
 in each year; and that he has read the entire course prescribed 
 by the Supreme Court, or equivalents, naming them. Proof 
 
 (149)
 
 150 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 
 
 of period of study shall be by the certificates of the instructors, 
 professors and attorneys under whose direction applicant has 
 studied, or, in case of graduates, by presentation of applicant's 
 certificate or diploma. The course of study prescribed by the 
 Supreme Court covers the subjects of Elementary Law, Per- 
 sonal Property, Real Property, Criminal Law and Procedure, 
 Torts, Contracts, Damages, Negotiable Instruments, Domestic 
 Relations, Bailments, Agency. Partnership, Corporations, In- 
 surance, Executors and Administrators, Wills, Equity, Code 
 Pleading, Evidence, Constitutional Law, Legal Ethics, and 
 the South Carolina Statutes and Rules of Court. The list of 
 books recommended is too lengthy to be listed here, but may 
 be obtained upon request from the clerk of the Supreme 
 Court. 
 
 Examination — Regulations — Scope — Fee. 
 
 Applications shall be referred by the Supreme Court to a 
 Board of Examiners consisting of three members of the bar 
 of at least ten years standing who shall examine the appHcant 
 touching his qualifications, legal and otherwise, for admission 
 to the bar. Two examinations each year shall be held at 
 Columbia, S. C, one on the first Wednesday and Thursday of 
 May and the other on the first Wednesday and Thursday of 
 December ; or on such other days as the Board of Examiners 
 may determine. The board shall report the result of their 
 proceedings to the Supreme Court. If the Court is satis- 
 fied as to the applicant's general qualification and good 
 moral character, they shall pass an order admitting him to 
 practice in all the courts of the state. A fee of $5 is required 
 to defray the expenses of the examination. 
 
 Admission of Attorneys from Other Jurisdictions. 
 
 Members of the bar of any state, district, or territory of 
 the United States who for five years after admission have been 
 engaged as practitioners, judges, or teachers of law shall be
 
 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 151 
 
 admitted without examination, on proof of good moral char- 
 acter, after becoming actual residents of this state. 
 
 Graduates of Iiaxr Department of State University. 
 
 Graduates of the Law Department of the University of 
 South CaroHna shall, upon the production of their diplomas 
 and satisfactory evidence of good moral character, be admitted 
 as heretofore. 
 
 Source of Rules. 
 
 Laws 1910, p. 750, No. 405 ; Rules Sup. Ct. 
 
 SOUTH CAROLINA DECISIONS. 
 
 1783 to 1913. 
 
 A complete set of South Carolina Reports (down to 1913) 
 consists of : 
 
 Law Reports, 1783-1868. 
 Bay, 2 vols. 
 Brevard, 3 vols. 
 Mills. 2 vols. 
 Nott & McCord, 2 vols. 
 McCord, -i vols. 
 Harper, 1 vol. 
 Bailey, 2 vols. 
 Hill, 3 vols. 
 Riley, 1 vol. 
 Dudley, 1 vol. 
 Rice, 1 vol. 
 Cheves, 1 vol. 
 McMullan, 2 vols. 
 Speer, 2 vols. 
 Strobhart, 5 vols. 
 Richardson. 15 vols.
 
 152 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAB. 
 
 Chancery Reports, 1784-18G8. 
 
 Desaussure, 4 vols. 
 
 Harper, 1 vol. 
 
 McCord, 2 vols. 
 
 Bailey, 1 vol. 
 
 Richardson's Equity Cases, 1 vol. 
 
 Hill, 2 vols. 
 
 Riley, 1 vol. 
 
 Dudley, 1 vol. 
 
 Rice, 1 vol. 
 
 Cheves, 1 vol. 
 
 McMullan, 1 vol. 
 
 Speer, 1 vol. 
 
 Strobhart, 4 vols. 
 
 Richardson, 14 vols. 
 South Carolina, New Series, 90 vols., 1868-1913. 
 All decisions subsequent to South Carolina, vol. 25, are 
 reported in the Southeastern Reporter, 75 vols. The set 
 also contains all decisions for the last 26 years of Georgia, 
 North Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia. The tables of 
 cross-citations furnished with the Southeastern make it a sim- 
 ple matter to find the cases, even if cited by the State Report 
 page and volume. The set costs about one-fourth the price of 
 the corresponding State Reports. In fact, the subscriber for 
 the South Carolina Reports covered by the Southeastern has 
 paid considerably more than it would have cost him to take the 
 Southeastern and get, in addition to his own. all the decisions 
 of the four neighboring states. Write fo*r price and full in- 
 formation. 
 
 West Publishing Co., St. Paul. Minn.
 
 South Dakota. 
 
 Citizenship — Residence — Age — Character. 
 
 Each candidate shall prove to the satisfaction of the court 
 that he is a resident of the state, 21 years of age, and of good 
 moral character; the last to be proved by certificate from a 
 trial judge and of two reputable members of the bar in this 
 or another state. Proof of age and residence shall be by af- 
 fidavit of the applicant. 
 
 Application — Requirements — Fee. 
 
 Application, together with all the credentials and proofs as 
 to citizenship, residence, age, character, preliminary education, 
 and term of study required by the rules, must be filed with 
 the clerk of the Supreme Court, Pierre, S. D. There are no 
 blank forms for admission. A fee of $5 shall accompany ap- 
 plication, to be returned in case application is denied. 
 
 Preliminary Education — Term of Study — Certificate. 
 
 Applicant's general education must be substantially equiva- 
 lent to that involved in the completion of a high school course 
 of study at least three years in extent. He must also have ac- 
 tually and in good faith pursued a regular course of study of the 
 law for at least three full years, either in the office of an attor- 
 ney in this or another state, or of a judge of a court of rec- 
 ord, or in some reputable law school in the United States, or 
 partly in such ofifice and partly in such law school. Every resi- 
 dent of the state, upon commencing the term of study requir- 
 ed by these rules, either in the office of an attorney, or in some 
 reputable law school, in this state or elsewhere, shall file with 
 the clerk of the Supreme Court a certificate of such attorney or 
 the chief of such law school, as the case may be, showing his 
 
 (153)
 
 154 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 
 
 name, age, and residence, and the date when he commenced the 
 study of law, which certificate shall be accompanied by a fee 
 of 50 cents. 
 
 Examination — Regulations — Scope— Time and Place of Holding. 
 
 Examinations are held in the Supreme Court room in the city 
 of Pierre on the first day of each regular term of court, being 
 the first Tuesdays of April and October. 
 
 All applicants, except graduates of the College of Law of the 
 State University entitled to admission to practice as by law 
 provided, shall be examined in open court, before the justices 
 of the Supreme Court or a commission of not less than five 
 members of the bar. An average of 75 per cent, is required, on 
 a written examination embracing the following subjects: Evi- 
 dence, Law of Real and Personal Property, Torts, Contracts, 
 Pleading, Partnership, Bailments, Negotiable Instruments, 
 Agency, Suretyship, Domestic Relations, Wills, Corporations. 
 Equity, Criminal Law, Constitutional Law, the Code of Civil 
 Procedure, and Legal Ethics. If the candidate shall pass the 
 examination satisfactorily, he shall be admitted upon taking 
 the required oath. 
 
 Admission of Attorneys from Other Jurisdictions. 
 
 Any person becoming a resident of this state after having 
 been admitted by the highest court in another jurisdiction, and 
 who has practiced regularly therein for not less than five years, 
 may, in the discretion of the court, be admitted, without exam- 
 ination or proof of period of study, upon presenting a certifi- 
 cate of admission to practice in such state or district. 
 
 Admission on Diploma. 
 
 All law students who have completed the course prescribed 
 by the College of Law of the State University, or the equiva- 
 lent of such course, including the subjects prescribed by law
 
 BULBS FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 155 
 
 for admission to the bar in this state, and have graduated 
 therein and been admitted by tlie State University to the de- 
 gree of Bachelor of Laws, shall be deemed to have the learning- 
 requisite to entitle them to practice in any of the courts of the 
 state, and shall be admitted to practice without examination, on 
 proof of the admission to such degree and that applicant is at 
 least 31 years of age and of good moral character. 
 
 Sex No Bar to Admission.. 
 
 Sex shall constitute no bar to admission in this state. 
 
 Miscellaneons. 
 
 Persons who are entitled to admission, under the statute, 
 without examination, may be admitted without personally ap- 
 pearing before the court. 
 
 Source of Rules. 
 
 Sup. Ct. Rules; Laws 1903, cc. 77, 78; Laws 1905, c. 55; 
 Comp. Laws 1910, §§ 685-688. 
 
 SOUTH DAKOTA DECISIONS. 
 
 1867 to 1913. 
 
 A complete set of Reports for South Dakota (down to 1913) 
 consists of : 
 
 Dakota Territorial, 6 vols.. 1S67-1889. 
 South Dakota, 26 vols., 1889-1913. 
 
 All Dakota decisions, territorial and of both states, are re- 
 ported in the Northwestern Reporter, 137 vols. The set also 
 contains all decisions for the last 34 years of Iowa, Michigan, 
 Minnesota, Nebraska, and Wisconsin, and sells for less than 
 one-fifth of the cost of the corresponding State Reports. The 
 tables of cross-citations furnished with the Northwestern make
 
 156 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 
 
 it a simple matter to find cases, even if cited by the State Re- 
 ports page and volume. The limited quantity of local case 
 law, and the fact that the decisions of the neighboring states 
 are constantly cited, makes this set a necessity to the lawyer 
 practicing in South Dakota. Write for price and full informa- 
 tion. 
 
 West Publishing Co., St. Paul, Minn.
 
 Tennessee. 
 
 Citizenship — Age — Charaoter. 
 
 Citizenship of this state is not a requisite here, but the can- 
 didate shall be 31 years of age and of good moral character, 
 and must be a citizen of some state in the United States. 
 
 Application— Fee. 
 
 Application must be filed with the secretary of the Board of 
 Examiners, Jas. L. McRee, Tennessee Trust Bldg., Memphis, 
 Tenn., at least 10 days before the examination, and must be 
 accompanied by a fee of $5. The candidate shall file with his 
 application the certificate of the county court in the county 
 in which he resides that he is of sufficient age and of good 
 moral character. Blank forms for use in making application 
 will be furnished by the secretary of the board, but no partic- 
 ular form is prescribed. 
 
 Period of Study. 
 
 The candidate must also file with his application a certificate 
 signed by the secretary or one of the professors of a law 
 school, or by one or more reputable attorneys under whom a 
 course of study has been pursued, showing the period of time 
 covered by such study, the subjects studied and the law books 
 read. The course of study must cover the subjects enumerated 
 below. 
 
 Hxamination— Regulations— Scope — Where Held. 
 
 Examinations are held six times a year, at Knoxville, Nash- 
 ville, Jackson, Lebanon, Memphis, and Chattanooga, at such 
 times as the Board of Examiners determine upon. Applicants 
 will be required to submit written answers to 75 questions 
 based on the following subjects : Real and Personal Property, 
 Personal Rights, Torts, Contracts, Partnership, Bailments, Ne- 
 gotiable Instruments, Principal and Agent, Principal and 
 
 (157)
 
 158 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 
 
 Surety, Domestic Relations, Wills, Corporations, Equity Juris- 
 prudence, Evidence, Common Law and Equity Pleading and 
 Practice, Criminal Law and Evidence, the Constitutions of the 
 State and of the United States, and Legal Ethics. The board 
 may examine the applicant orally if it sees fit. A minimum 
 grade of 75 per cent, is required in order to be entitled to a 
 license to practice. Persons failing in the first examination 
 may be re-examined after three months without paying an ad- 
 ditional fee. A fee of $3, in addition to the regular examina- 
 tion fee, will be paid upon the issuance of a license. 
 
 Admission of Attorneys from Other States. 
 
 Where the requirements for admission to the bar are equal to 
 those prescribed in Tennessee, attorneys from other states may 
 be admitted without examination, by exhibiting their licenses 
 or copies of the record showing their admission to the highest 
 court of the state from which they came. If the requirements 
 are not equivalent to those required in Tennessee, the attorney 
 may be admitted without examination provided he has practiced 
 for a period of 5 years, and the board is satisfied that the appli- 
 cant is worthy of admission. A fee of $3 shall be paid for li- 
 cense. 
 
 Sonrce of Rules. 
 
 Act of March 30, 1903, and Rules of Supreme Court adopted 
 April 28, 1903. 
 
 TENNESSEE DECISIONS. 
 
 1791 to 1913. 
 
 A complete set of Tennessee Reports (down to 1913) con- 
 sists of: 
 
 Overton, 2 vols. 
 Cook, 1 vol.
 
 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 159 
 
 Haywood, 3 vols. 
 
 Peck, 1 vol. 
 
 Martin & Yerger, 1 vol. 
 
 Yerger, 10 vols. 
 
 Meigs, 1 vol. 
 
 Humphrey, 11 vols. 
 
 Swan, 2 vols. 
 
 Sneed, 5 vols. 
 
 Head, 3 vols. 
 
 Coldwell, 7 vols. 
 
 Heiskell, 12 vols. 
 
 Baxter, 9 vols. 
 
 Lea, 16 vols. 
 
 Tennessee, vols. 85 to 125. 
 All Tennessee decisions subsequent to 16 Lea are reported 
 in the Southwestern Reporter, 151 vols. The set also contains 
 many decisions of the Tennessee Court of Chancery Appeals, 
 which have been affirmed by the Supreme Court without opin- 
 ion. Many of these are valuable decisions, and are not report- 
 ed elsewhere. The set also contains all decisions for the last 
 27 years of Arkansas, Kentucky, Missouri, and Texas, and all 
 decisions of Indian Territory. The tables of cross-citations 
 furnished with the Southwestern make it a simple matter to 
 find the cases, even if cited by the State Report page and vol- 
 ume. Write for price and full information. 
 
 West Publishing Co., St. Paul, Minn.
 
 Texas. 
 
 Citizensliip — Residence^Age— Character. 
 
 The applicant shall file a certificate of the county commis- 
 sioners' court of the county in which he resides, and also that 
 of two reputable attorneys who have known him for the pre- 
 ceding six months, to the effect that he has been a resident of 
 the state for the last six months, is of full age and of good 
 moral character. Such certificate of good moral character 
 shall not be conclusive evidence ; but the Board of Examiners 
 may resort to such other evidence or means of information as 
 they deem proper. 
 
 Application — Contents — Fee. 
 
 Application shall be filed with one of the Boards of Examin- 
 ers, and shall be accompanied by the certificates above re- 
 quired. A fee of $10 shall be paid at the time of filing the 
 application. 
 
 General Education. 
 
 It shall be the duty of the Board of Examiners to reject any 
 applicant who, in their opinion, shall show himself so deficient 
 in general education as not to be capable of performing the 
 duties of an attorney. 
 
 Course of Study. 
 
 The Supreme Court has prescribed a course of study to be 
 pursued as a condition to admission to the bar, based on the 
 examination subjects listed below, suggesting the books to be 
 read. Copies of this list may be obtained from the clerk of 
 any Court of Civil Appeals or of the Supreme Court. In ad- 
 dition to the subjects listed below, the student is recommended 
 to read Batts' or Sayles' Notes, also White's or Willson's 
 Notes upon the Penal Code and the Code of Criminal Proce- 
 dure. 
 
 (160)
 
 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 161 
 
 Examination — Regulations— Scope— Time and Place of Holding. 
 
 A Board of Examiners is appointed by each Court of Civil 
 Appeals, to whom applications for admission must be made. 
 The examination embraces the following subjects: Elements 
 of the Common Law, Real Property, Contracts, Torts, Equity 
 Jurisprudence, Pleading, Practice and Evidence, Domestic 
 Relations and Administration of Decedents' Estates, Constitu- 
 tional and Statutory Law, and Criminal Law. The examina- 
 tions are in writing, and no applicant shall be granted a license 
 unless he makes a grade of not less than 50 per cent, in all 
 branches and a general average of not less than 75 per cent. 
 An applicant who fails cannot take a new examination within 
 six months, and the second examination must be taken before 
 the same Board of Examiners as was the first. Examinations 
 are held at least four times a year, at the places where the sev- 
 eral Courts of Civil Appeals sit. The times at which the ex- 
 aminations are held are specified by the several Boards of Ex- 
 aminers. 
 
 Admission of Attorneys from Other Jurisdictions. 
 
 Upon presentation of a certificate from a judge of the state 
 from which the attorney comes, showing that he is in good 
 standing and of good moral character, an attorney who has 
 been admitted in another state will be permitted to take the 
 examination in Texas. 
 
 Admission on Diploma. 
 
 Graduates of the law department of the State University are 
 admitted upon presentation of their diploma to the clerk of the 
 Supreme Court within 13 months from the date of issuance, 
 together with a certificate from the commissioners' court of 
 the county in which the applicant resides, stating that he has 
 fulfilled the requirements as to age, character, and residence: 
 Provided, that any diploma issued by said University on a 
 11
 
 162 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR, 
 
 grade less than that prescribed by the Supreme Court for ex- 
 aminations shall not entitle the holder thereof to a license. 
 The usual fee of $10 will be paid upon admission. 
 
 Admission in Supreme Court. 
 
 After an attorney has been admitted to one of the Courts of 
 Civil Appeals, he may be admitted to the Supreme Court by 
 filing his license with the clerk of that court. 
 
 Source of Rules. 
 
 Acts 1903, c. 42. as amended by Acts 1905, c. 100; Supreme 
 Court Rules (78 S. W. v-vi). 
 
 TEXAS DECISIONS. 
 
 1840 to 1913. 
 
 A complete set of Texas Reports (down to 1913) consists 
 of: 
 
 Texas Supreme, 103 vols., Dallam's Decisions, and 25 
 Supplement, 1840-1913. 
 
 Texas Criminal Appeals, 63 vols.. 1876-1913. 
 
 Texas Civil Appeals. 57 vols., 1892-1913. 
 The Southwestern Reporter, 151 vols., contains all decisions 
 of Texas subsequent to 65 Supreme, 20 Criminal Appeals, and 
 all decisions of the Court of Civil Appeals. It also in- 
 cludes more than 9,000 of the decisions of these courts which 
 have been omitted from the Texas Reports, and are only pub- 
 lished in the Southwestern Reporter. These omitted cases are 
 one-half of all the decisions of the Texas courts for the period 
 covered (27 years). As a reporter of the current decisions, it 
 is prompt, accurate, and exceedingly popular. In addition to 
 these, the Southwestern also contains all decisions for the last
 
 RULES FOR ADJIISSION TO THE BAB. 163 
 
 27 years of Arkansas, Kentucky, Missouri, and Tennessee, and 
 all of Indian Territory. The tables of cross-citations furnished 
 with the Southwestern make it a simple matter to find the 
 cases, even if cited by the State Report page and volume. The 
 set is looked upon in Texas as a local necessity. Write for 
 price and full description. 
 
 West Publishing Co., St. Paul, Minn.
 
 Utah, 
 
 Citizenahip — Age — Character. 
 
 To entitle one to examination for admission, he shall be a 
 citizen of the United States, or one who has declared his bona 
 fide intention of becoming such, 21 years of age, and of good 
 moral character. 
 
 Application — Certificate— Examination — Fee. 
 
 Written application must be addressed to the clerk of the 
 Supreme Court, H. W. Griffith, Salt Lake Cit3% and must be 
 accompanied by the certificates of two members of the bar that 
 the applicant is of good moral character. Such application 
 shall also set forth the name, age, residence of the applicant 
 and duration of the period of preparatory study. The state- 
 ments of the application and the legal attainments of the can- 
 didate shall be thoroughly investigated by the board of ex- 
 aminers, consisting of three members of the bar appointed by 
 the court. If he passes this test satisfactorily, the fee of $25 
 shall be paid and the oath of office taken. 
 
 Examinations are held the Friday before the second Mon- 
 day of February, May, and October, in the Supreme Court 
 Rooms, City and County Bldg., Salt Lake City. 
 
 Admission of Attorneys from Other Jurisdictions. 
 
 The examination may be dispensed with in the case of one 
 admitted in the highest court of another state, upon proof of 
 such admission, when application is made in this state. 
 
 Women xaay be Admitted. 
 
 Women may be admitted to practice in this state. 
 
 Source of Rules. 
 
 Comp. Laws 1908, §§ 105-110; Sup. Ct. Rules. 
 
 (164)
 
 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 165 
 
 UTAH DECISIONS. 
 
 1871 to 1913. 
 
 A complete set of Utah Reports (down to 1913) consists of 
 38 vols. All decisions subsequent to vol. 2, Utah, are reported 
 in the Pacific Reporter, 128 vols. The Utah Code was adapted 
 from that of California, and the decisions of that state are 
 closely followed. The Pacific Reporter contains upward of 70 
 per cent, of all California decisions, being all decisions for the 
 last 30 years, including nearly 2,000 decisions which have been 
 omitted from the State Reports, and are only found in the 
 Pacific. The set also contains all decisions for the last 28 
 years of Colorado, Idaho, Kansas, Montana, Nevada, New 
 Mexico, Oregon, Washington, and Wyoming, and all of Ari- 
 zona, and Oklahoma. The tables of cross-citations furnished 
 with the Pacific make it a simple matter to find the cases, even 
 if cited by the State Report page and volume. Write for full 
 information and price. 
 
 W^EST Publishing Co., St. Paul, Minn.
 
 Vermont 
 
 Citlzensliip — Residence'— Age— Character. 
 
 Each applicant for admission in this state shall be a citizen 
 of the state, at least 21 years of age, and of good moral char- 
 acter, which last shall be shown by certificate of three attorneys 
 of this court. 
 
 Application. 
 
 Application must be filed with the clerk of the Supreme 
 Court, Montpelier, Vt., at least three days before the day of 
 the examination. Such application must contain statements 
 regarding the candidate's age, residence, and the time, place, 
 and circumstances of his term of study, and the affidavit of an 
 attorney of the court stating that the applicant has actually 
 pursued his studies as required by the rules, and accompanied 
 also by the certificates of three attorneys vouching for his good 
 moral character. 
 
 General Education. 
 
 The applicant shall present to the Board of Bar Examiners 
 satisfactory proof that he has had a high school education or 
 its equivalent. The Board of Examiners, under the supervision 
 of the Chief Judge of the Supreme Court, shall on the first 
 Tuesday of the October Term in each year consider and pass 
 upon the sufficiency of the proof presented under this rule, and 
 make report thereof and place the same on file in the office of 
 the clerk of the General Term of the Supreme Court. In case 
 the proof presented is satisfactory, and the notice of com- 
 mencement of study as required by the paragraph below has 
 
 (166)
 
 BULKS FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR. ltJ7 
 
 been filed, the three-year period of study provided for by said 
 rule shall commence on the date of filing of such notice and 
 certificate. 
 
 Term of Study. 
 
 The candidate shall have studied in the oflfice ot an attorney 
 of the Supreme Court within this state at least three years dur- 
 ing the four years preceding the application : Provided, that 
 the Supreme Court upon sufficient cause may allow study for 
 one year in an office outside the state as an equivalent for one 
 year of study in an office within the state, but the last year of 
 study shall be within the state : Provided, further, that any ap- 
 plicant who shall have pursued a full three-year course of legal 
 study in a law school chartered by any state of the United 
 States, or the law department of any college or university so 
 chartered, and shall be graduated therefrom, shall be required 
 to study in a law office in this state at least six months within 
 the two years preceding his application. 
 
 It shall be the duty of each person beginning the study of 
 law in this state to file with the clerk of the Supreme Court 
 a notice stating that he has commenced the study, and with 
 whom and where he commenced, and also a certificate of the 
 attorney with whom he is studying, stating that he is so en- 
 gaged and when he began. The three years study provided 
 for by this rule shall commence from the date of filing such no- 
 tice and certificate : Provided, that an applicant who begins his 
 study of the law in a law school and has graduated therefrom, 
 as required above, shall file with the clerk a notice stating that 
 he has so commenced or is al>out to commence such study and 
 the attorney with whom he is registered as a law student, and 
 the three years provided for by this rule shall commence from 
 the date when he actually enters upon his studies in the law 
 school. •
 
 168 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAB. 
 
 Examination — Reg^ulations — Scope — Time of Holding. 
 
 Examinations are held by the Board of Bar Examiners at 
 IVIontpeher on the first three days of the October General 
 Term. Applicants are required to be qualified upon the fol- 
 lowing subjects : Common Law, Pleading and Practice, Evi- 
 dence, Domestic Relations, Personal Property, Contracts (in- 
 cluding Sales), Bailments, Negotiable Instruments, Agency, 
 Partnership, Corporations, Real Property (including Mort- 
 gages and Landlord and Tenant) Leases, Probate Law, Equity 
 Jurisprudence, Pleading and Practice in Chancery, Torts, 
 Criminal Law, the important provisions of the Vermont stat- 
 ute law, especially those modifying the common law and those 
 relating to practice, conveyancing, and probate, the Constitu- 
 tion of this state and of the United States, and Legal Ethics. 
 The examination shall be partly written and partly oral, and 
 shall include questions upon at least 12 of the foregoing topics. 
 
 Admission of Attorneys from Other Jurisdictions. 
 
 An attorney who has been admitted to practice in the high- 
 est court of another state may be admitted in this state with- 
 out examination, upon proof that he has practiced one year in 
 such court, is of good moral character, and has resided six 
 months next preceding his application in the county in this 
 state from which his application is made. If he has not had 
 one year's practice, he may be admitted upon examination after 
 six months' law study in an office in this state. In such case 
 he shall file with the clerk of the General Term of the Supreme 
 Court a notice of commencement of such study, stating with 
 whom and where such study has been pursued, and also a cer- 
 tificate of the attorney with whom he is studying, stating that 
 he is so engaged and when he began. 
 
 Sonrce of Rules. 
 
 Pub. St. 1906, §§ 1337, 1338; Supreme Court Rules (77 
 Atl.).
 
 BULES FOR ADMISSION TO THB BAB. 169 
 
 VERMONT DECISIONS. 
 
 1789 to 1913. 
 
 A complete set of Vermont Reports (down to 1913) con- 
 sists of : 
 
 N. Chipman, 1 vol. 
 
 D. Chipman, 2 vols. 
 
 Tyler, 2 vols. 
 
 Brayton, 1 vol. 
 
 Aikens, 2 vols, 
 
 Vermont, 84 vols. 
 We have reprinted the Vermont Reports, vols. 1 to 58 and 8 
 preliminaries, annotated them thoroughly, and bound them in 
 17 books. Vols. 59 to 65 Vermont are out of print and scarce. 
 The only convenient method of obtaining the decisions in 
 these volumes is through the Atlantic Reporter, 84 vols., which 
 contains all Vermont decisions subsequent to vol. 57. The set 
 also contains all decisions for the last 28 years of Connecticut, 
 Delaware, Maine, Maryland, New Hampshire, New Jersey, 
 Pennsylvania, and Rhode Island, including some 2,500 deci- 
 sions which have been omitted from the State Reports. The 
 tables of cross-citations furnished with the Atlantic make it a 
 simple matter to find the cases, even if cited by the State Re- 
 port page and volume. Write for price and detailed descrip- 
 tion. 
 
 West Ptbi-tshing Co., St. Paul, Minn.
 
 Virginia. 
 
 Residence^ Age— character. 
 
 Every male person over 21 years of age, applying for a li- 
 cense to practice law, must first have obtained from the circuit 
 court of the county or the corporation court of the city where- 
 in he resides a certificate that he is a person of honest de- 
 meanor, over 21 years of age, and has resided in this state the 
 preceding six months. Application for such certificate shall 
 be in writing, addressed to the court, and specifying the calen- 
 dar day when the motion therefor to the court will be made, 
 and must be accompanied by the written recommendation of 
 two members of the bar of his judicial circuit, who are prac- 
 ticing attorneys in the Supreme Court of Appeals, as to his 
 good moral character. Such application and recommendation 
 shall be filed with the clerk of such circuit or corporation court 
 ten days before the day on which the court will be asked to 
 grant the said certificate. 
 
 Every person over 19 and under 21 years of age, applying 
 for a license to practice law, must obtain a like certificate as 
 to his good moral character and residence within the state for 
 the preceding six months from the circuit court of the county 
 or the corporation court of the city wherein he resides. Such 
 certificate shall also state that the applicant is over 19 years of 
 age, that he has studied law for a period of two years in a law 
 school in this state or in the office of a practicing attorney in 
 this state, and shall give the exact date on which the applicant 
 will attain the age of 21 years. 
 
 Application— 'When to be Filed^Form and Contents — Fee. 
 
 Applicant shall file a certified copy of his application, accom- 
 panied by recommendations and certificates required by the 
 above paragraph, also a fee of $10 for the June examination 
 
 (170)
 
 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 171 
 
 or $15 for the November examination, witli the secretary of 
 the Board of Examiners, M. B. Watts, Richmond, Va., at least 
 five days prior to the day of examination. The fee of $10 
 covers all cost of examination, including license. 
 
 Examination — Regulations — Scope — Time and Place of Holding. 
 
 The Board of Examiners, consisting of five attorneys, ap- 
 pointed by the Governor, shall hold examinations once in each 
 year at the cities of Richmond and Roanoke, and also at such 
 other times and places as said board or the Supreme Court of 
 Appeals may deem necessary. Such examinations are required 
 to be in writing and are based upon the following subjects: 
 Real and Personal Property, Domestic Relations, Contracts. 
 Agency, Partnership, Negotiable Instruments, Insurance, Cor- 
 porations, Wills and Personal Representatives, Torts, Equity 
 Jurisprudence, Pleading and Practice at Law and in Equity, 
 Evidence, Crimes and Criminal Procedure, power and duties 
 of the Corporation Commission, Code of Virginia, Constitu- 
 tional Law, and the Code of Legal Ethics as adopted by the 
 Virginia State Bar Association. Applicant may also be sub- 
 jected to an oral examination, in the discretion of the board. 
 Upon such examination being had, the board shall certif}- 
 to the Supreme Court of Appeals a list of those applicants 
 who have passed the examination, recommending their ad- 
 mission to the bar. Any applicant failing to pass the ex- 
 amination may, after six months, again apply in writing ad- 
 dressed to the secretary of the board, setting forth that he has 
 diligently pursued the study of law for six months prior to the 
 second examination, specifying the school where he has pur- 
 sued his studies, or the course of reading which he has fol- 
 lowed. He shall not be required to pay an additional fee for 
 the second examination ; but any applicant who fails to pass 
 the second examination must thereafter make his application 
 and proceed in the same manner as a new applicant.
 
 172 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAB. 
 
 Admission of Attorneys from Other Jurisdictions. 
 
 Any person authorized to practice in the courts of another 
 state may be Hcensed in this state, without examination, upon 
 furnishing a certificate from the court of last resort in such 
 state or territory that he has practiced law therein for three or 
 more years and is of good moral character and a proper per- 
 son to be licensed to practice law. Such certificate must be 
 signed by the Chief Justice of said court, whose signature 
 must be attested by the clerk of said court, and under the seal 
 thereof. In addition, he shall furnish a certificate from two 
 practicing attorneys in such state or territory as to applicant's 
 good moral character, whose signatures shall be attested to 
 by the clerk in like manner. 
 
 Source of Rules. 
 
 Code 1904, §§ 3191-3193; Laws 1910, p. 238; Rules Su- 
 preme Court and Board of Law Examiners (71 S. E. x, xi). 
 
 VIRGINIA DECISIONS. 
 
 1730 to 1913. 
 
 A complete set of Virginia Reports (down to 1913) con- 
 sists of: 
 
 Jefiferson, 1 vol. 
 Wythe's Chancery, 1 vol. 
 Washington, 2 vols. 
 Call, 6 vols. 
 
 Hening & Munford, 4 vols. 
 Munford, 6 vols. 
 Gilmer, 1 vol. 
 Randolph, 6 vols. 
 Leigh, 13 vols.
 
 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAB. 173 
 
 Robinson, 2 vols. 
 
 Grattan, 33 vols. 
 
 Virginia, vols. 75 to 112. 
 
 Virginia Cases, 3 vols. 
 
 Patton, Jr., & Heath, 2 vols. 
 
 Virginia Decisions, 2 vols. 
 All Virginia decisions subsequent to vol. 83 are reported in 
 the Southeastern Reporter, 75 vols. This includes some 175 
 decisions which have been omitted from the State Reports and 
 can only be found in the Southeastern Reporter, The set also 
 contains all decisions for the last 26 years of Georgia, North 
 Carolina, South Carolina, and West Virginia, and costs about 
 one-fourth as much as the corresponding State Reports. The 
 tables of cross-citations furnished with the Southeastern make 
 it a simple matter to find the cases, even if cited by the State 
 Report page and volume. We will be pleased to quote and fur- 
 nish full information on request. 
 
 West Publishing Co., St Paul, Minn
 
 Washington. 
 
 Citizenship^Residence — Age — diaracter. 
 
 No person shall be admitted to examination in this state, 
 imless he is a citizen of the United States, a resident of this 
 state, 21 years of age, and of good moral character. The facts 
 as to citizenship, residence, and age shall be shown by the can- 
 didate's affidavit. Proof of the good moral character of the 
 applicant shall be by certificate of at least two members of the 
 bar of the Supreme Court. 
 
 Application— 'When to be Filed — Form and Contents — Fee. 
 
 Applications, on blank forms furnished by the clerk of the 
 Supreme Court, must be filed with the clerk at Olympia, 
 Wash., not less than 2 nor more than 30 days prior to the date 
 of the examination, and must be accompanied by all the proofs 
 as to general education, term of study, etc., required by the 
 rules. A fee of $25 shall also accompany each application, 
 which sum will be returned if the applicant fails to pass the 
 examination. In the affidavit referred to in the above para- 
 graph, the applicant shall state that he intends to actively en- 
 gage in the practice of law as a profession. 
 
 General Education. 
 
 No person shall be admitted to the examination unless he 
 present to the court evidence of sufficient general education to 
 admit him to the freshman or higher class in the State Uni- 
 versity, or has completed a full four-year course in a higli 
 school of approved standing, or holds a certificate or diploma 
 recognized as equal to the diploma from such high school, or 
 is the holder of a first-grade teacher's certificate in this state, 
 or a certificate of a higher grade. The Board of Examiners will 
 not pass upon the educational qualifications of the applicant ; 
 but, unless he offers proof in one or the other of the methods 
 
 (174)
 
 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR, 175 
 
 here shown, he shall be required to submit his educational 
 qualifications to the State University, and must file with his 
 application for admission a certificate from the registrar or 
 other proper officer of that institution, showing that he is en- 
 titled to enter the freshman or higher class of such institution. 
 
 Term of Study. 
 
 The candidate shall have studied law for at least two years 
 in the office of a practicing attorney of the Supreme Court, or 
 shall have graduated from a law school requiring at least a 
 two-year course, either of which facts shall be shown by affi- 
 davit of the attorney in whose office he studied, or certificate 
 from the dean or head of such law school ; but no law school 
 certificate will be accepted which does not admit the holder to 
 practice in the highest court of the state in which such school is 
 located. Every applicant under this rule must file with the 
 clerk of the Supreme Court, two months before the examina- 
 tion, a notice containing a statement as to the time he com- 
 menced such study, provided, the time he applies for admis- 
 sion is at least two years after the time named in such state- 
 ment. 
 
 Examination — Regulations — Scope — Time and Place of Holding. 
 
 Examinations will be held at the capitol building in the city 
 of Olympia on the Thursday and Friday after the second Mon- 
 day of January, May, and October of each year. Such ex- 
 aminations shall be held by a board of examiners appointed by 
 the Supreme Court, and shall consist of written questions and 
 answers such as the court and committee have selected, and an 
 oral test before the court and committee on the day following. 
 The oral examinations may be dispensed with, if the board is 
 satisfied from the written examination that the candidate is 
 qualified for admission, or, on the other hand, has shown such 
 a lack of knowledge as to make further examination useless. 
 The board shall report to the Supreme Court its opinion of the
 
 176 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 
 
 abilities of the candidate, and the court shall grant a license 
 and administer the oath if the candidate is deemed capable. 
 
 Admission of Attorneys from Other Jurisdictions. 
 
 A member in good standing of the bar of another state, who 
 has taken up his residence in this state, and who was entitled 
 to practice in the highest court of record of the state from 
 which he came for at least two years immediately preceding 
 his application, may be admitted on motion for one year, at 
 the end of which period, upon request of the applicant and in 
 the absence of sufficient cause shown to the contrarj^ a general 
 order of admission will be entered. The application must be 
 on blank forms furnished by the clerk of the Supreme Court 
 and must be accompanied by the applicant's personal affidavit 
 as to the facts of his previous admission, and also the certifi- 
 cate of two members of the bar of this state as to his moral 
 character. A fee of $25 shall accompany the application. Per- 
 sonal appearance by attorney is not necessary. 
 
 Admission on Diploma. 
 
 Candidates of the law department of the State University 
 shall be admitted without examination, upon the production of 
 their diplomas and satisfactory evidence that they are citizens 
 of the United States, of full age, and of good moral character. 
 Applications under this rule must be made on the forms pre- 
 scribed for other applicants. The fee for admission will be 
 $25. 
 
 Miscenaneons. 
 
 Any person residing in this state, who has been admitted to 
 practice in any of the superior courts of this state, shall be en- 
 titled to practice in the Supreme Court on proof of such admis- 
 sion, together with his own affidavit that he is not under judg- 
 ment of disbarment or suspension of any court. The fee for 
 the said admission will be $35.
 
 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 177 
 
 No person shall be excluded from acting as an attorney by 
 reason of sex. 
 
 Source of Rules. 
 
 Remington & Ballinger's Code, §§ 119-128; Laws 1909, c. 
 139, as amended by Laws 1911, c. 48; Rules Board of Bar 
 Examiners. 
 
 WASHINGTON DECISIONS. 
 
 1854 to 1913. 
 
 A complete set of Washington Reports (down to 1913) con- 
 sists of : 
 
 Washington Territorial, 3 vols.. 1854-1888. 
 Washington State, 68 vols., 1889-1913. 
 
 All decisions of Washington subsequent to vol. 1, Territorial, 
 are reported in Pacific Reporter, 128 vols. The Washington 
 Code was adapted from that of California, and the decisions of 
 that state are therefore followed closely by the Washington 
 courts. The Pacific Reporter contains all decisions of Califor- 
 nia for the last 30 years, representing about 75 per cent, of all 
 decisions, and including nearly 2,000 that have been omitted 
 from the State Reports and can only be found in the Pacific. 
 The set also contains all decisions of Colorado, Idaho, Kansas, 
 Montana, Nevada, New IMexico, Oregon, Utah, and Wyoming 
 for the last 30 years, and all of Arizona and Oklahoma, and 
 costs about one-fifth as much as the corresponding State Re- 
 ports. The tables of cross-citations furnished with the Pa- 
 cific make it a simple matter to find the cases, even if cited by 
 the State Report page and volume. The Pacific is usually re- 
 garded as indispensable in Washington. We will be pleased to 
 quote prices, and furnish full information. 
 
 West Publishing Co., St. Paul. Mian. 
 12
 
 West Virginia. 
 
 Citizensliip^Resideii.ce — Age — Character. 
 
 Any person applying for license to practice in this state must 
 appear before and prove to the satisfaction of the county court 
 of the county in which he had resided for the last preceding 
 year that he has been a resident of such county during that 
 period, that he is 21 years of age, and of good moral character. 
 Upon such proof being made, the court shall make and enter 
 an order on its record accordingly. 
 
 Term of Study. 
 
 Before admission to examination the candidate shall present 
 satisfactory evidence that he has studied law for two succes- 
 sive years next preceding the application, either in a law school, 
 law office, or privately. 
 
 Examination — Regulations — Scope— Time and Place of Holding. 
 
 Examinations are held at Morgan town, W. Va., on the fol- 
 lowing named dates : First Wednesday after 1st day of Jan- 
 uary; first Wednesday in April; last Wednesday in Septem- 
 ber. These dates are subject to change from time to time. In- 
 formation as to the exact dates may be obtained by addressing 
 Dean C. E. Hogg, Morgantown, W. Va. Such examinations 
 are under the direction of the professors of law of the universi- 
 ties of West Virginia, who have been constituted a commission 
 for that purpose by the Supreme Court of Appeals, and shall 
 comprise written questions upon the subjects of Blackstone, 
 Code of West Virginia, Torts, Criminal Law, Criminal Pro- 
 cedure, Contracts, Agency, Bailments, Insurance, Corporations, 
 Pleading. Real Property, Negotiable Paper, Partnership. Sure- 
 tyship, Guaranty, Evidence, Sales, Equity Practice and Plead- 
 ing, and Constitutional Law. To those who successfully 
 
 (178)
 
 RULES FOR ADIMISSION TO THE BAB; 179 
 
 pass the examination, the law faculty issues a certificate of 
 examination, which, when presented to the Svtpreme Court of 
 Appeals, together with a certified copy of the order of the 
 county court, mentioned elsewhere in these rules, entitles the 
 holder to a license to practice law in the courts of this state. 
 If the applicant fails to pass the examination, he is given credit 
 for the branches he completes successfully, and may pass the 
 remaining branches at any future examination. An examina- 
 tion fee of $5 and a fee of $2.50 for license shall be required. 
 
 Admission of Attorneys from Other Jurisdictions. 
 
 Attorneys practicing in courts of record of another state 
 or territory or in the District of Columbia may practice as such 
 in the courts of this state, upon producing satisfactory evi- 
 dence of such previous admission ; but this rule shall not lye 
 construed to admit any one to practice in this state on a license 
 granted by another state, who resides or intends to make his 
 residence in this state at the time he makes application for the 
 license to practice. 
 
 Admission on Diploma. 
 
 Any person who shall produce a duly certified copy of an 
 order of the county court as mentioned in the first paragraph 
 of these rules, together with a diploma from the law school of 
 the West Virginia University, shall be admitted to practice in 
 any and all courts of this state without further examination. 
 
 Miscellaneous. 
 
 It is not necessary to appear in person in order to have a 
 law license issued. It is necessary to appear in court and take 
 the prescribed oath in being admitted to practice. 
 
 Source of Rules. 
 
 Code 1906, c. 119 ; Order of Supreme Court of Appeals, 
 June 16, 1897 ; Rules Law Faculty of State University.
 
 180 EULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 
 
 WEST VIRGINIA DECISIONS. 
 
 1863 to 1913. 
 
 A complete set of West Virginia Reports (down to 1913) 
 consists of 70 vols. All decisions subsequent to vol. 28 West 
 Virginia are reported in the Southeastern Reporter, 75 vols. 
 The set also contains all decisions of the parent state (Virginia) 
 for the past 26 years, including some 175 cases that have been 
 omitted from the State Reports and can only be found in the 
 Southeastern. It also contains all decisions of Georgia, North 
 Carolina, and South Carolina for the last 26 years. The tables 
 of cross-citations furnished with the Southeastern make it a 
 simple matter to find the cases, even if cited by the State Re- 
 port page and volume. Write for price and full information. 
 
 West Publishing Co., St. Paul, Minn.
 
 Wisconsin. 
 
 Citizensliip— Residence — Age — Character. 
 
 Any citizen of the United States, or one who has declared 
 his intention, who is a resident of the state, of full age, and of 
 good moral charaoter, shall be eligible to the examination for 
 admission to the bar. His application must contain the cer- 
 tificate of two lawyers practicing in the county in which the 
 applicant resides, or of the judge of the circuit or county court 
 of such county. 
 
 Application— When to be Filed. 
 
 Application, together with the credentials required by the 
 rules, must be filed with the secretary of the Board of Examin- 
 ers, L. J. Rusk, Chippewa Falls, at least 30 days before exami- 
 nation day, on regular forms which will be furnished. 
 
 General Education. 
 
 Applicants who are not graduates of the university or a col- 
 lege or free high school having a four years' course must take 
 an examination as to their educational qualifications before a 
 superintendent of a high school or such other person as may be 
 designated by the state board of law examiners. 
 
 Term of Study. 
 
 The applicant shall also file a certificate from his preceptor, 
 or from the dean or other official of the law school, stating the 
 time in which said applicant has pursued the study of law. 
 The applicant must have studied law at least three years within 
 the five years next preceding the making of the application. 
 
 Examination — Regulations — Scope— Time and Place of Holding. 
 
 Examinations are held in Milwaukee on the third Tuesday 
 in January and in Madison on the third Tuesday in July. 
 Such examinations are written and oral, held by a state 
 board consisting of five members of the bar, and shall cover 
 
 (181)
 
 182 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAB. 
 
 the subjects of Agency, Attachment and Garnishment, Bail- 
 ments and Carriers, Common Law, Constitutional Law, Con- 
 tracts, Public and Private Corporations, Courts and Their Ju- 
 risdiction, Criminal Law and Practice, Damages, Domestic Re- 
 lations, Equity, Jurisprudence, Eminent Domain, Evidence, In- 
 surance, Legal Ethics, Marriage and Divorce, Mortgages and 
 Other Liens, Negotiable Paper, Partnership, Personal Proper- 
 ty, including Sales ; Pleading and Practice and the Trial of Ac- 
 tions in the Courts of Wisconsin and of the United States, Po- 
 lice Power, Probate Law, including the Law of Descent and 
 Administration of Estates; Real Property, including Land- 
 lord and Tenant ; Replevin, Torts, Trusts and Trustees, Wills, 
 and the Statutes of Wisconsin relating to the subjects men- 
 tioned. Every applicant whose average markings shall be 75 
 per cent, on a basis of 100 per cent, shall be entitled to the cer- 
 tificate of the board, which will entitle him to a license upon 
 presentation to any court of record in the state. An applicant 
 who fails in three successive examinations shall not be permit- 
 ted to take another examination within one year from his last 
 examination without the consent of the board. 
 
 Admission of Attorneys from Other Jurisdictions. 
 
 Residents of the state who have been admitted to practice 
 in the Supreme Court of any other state or territory may be 
 admitted to practice by any court of record upon the production 
 of their certificates of admission and upon proof that they have 
 engaged in actual practice in such other state or territory for 
 at least five years prior to making application. A certificate of 
 any judge of a court of record, having knowledge of the facts, 
 under the seal of said court, must be presented. 
 
 Admission on Diploma. 
 
 Any resident graduate of the law department of the State 
 University will be admitted to all of the courts in this state 
 upon presentation of his diploma.
 
 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 183 
 
 Miscellaneous. 
 
 Every person commencing the study of law in an attorney's 
 office or at a law school within the state, with a view to apply- 
 ing for examination, must file with the secretary of the board 
 a signed statement giving his name, address, and date when his 
 period of study commenced. This statement must be certified 
 to by the attorney under whose tuition the student is pursuing 
 his studies, or by the principal or proper officer of the law 
 school, as the case may be, and the time of such period of study 
 shall commence with the filing of the notice. 
 
 Source of Rules. 
 
 Statutes of Wisconsin, § 2586, as amended by Laws of 1903, 
 ch. 19 ; Rules of Supreme Court ; Rules of Board of Ex- 
 aminers. 
 
 WISCONSIN DECISIONS. 
 
 1839 to 1913. 
 
 A complete set of Wisconsin Reports (down to 1913) con- 
 sists of : 
 
 Pinney, 3 vols., 1839-1852. 
 Wisconsin, 150 vols., 1853-1913. 
 
 The Northwestern Reporter, 137 vols., contains all Wiscon- 
 sin decisions from and including vol. 46. This represents 
 over 65 per cent, of all the decisions of the state. The North- 
 western also contains all decisions for the last 34 years of Iowa, 
 Michigan, Minnesota, and Nebraska, and all of Dakota Terri- 
 tory and North and South Dakota. The tables of cross-cita- 
 tions furnished with the Northwestern make it a simple matter 
 to find the cases, even if cited by the State Report page and
 
 184 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAK. 
 
 volume. The set occupies less than one-third of the shelf room 
 of the corresponding State Reports, and costs about one-fourth 
 as much. Write for price and full description. 
 
 West Publishing Co., St. Paul. Minn.
 
 Wyoming. 
 
 Citizensliip — Residence^Age — Character. 
 
 No one shall be admitted to practice in this state who is not 
 a citizen of the United States, a resident of this state, 21 years 
 of age, and of good moral character, which last shall be cer- 
 tified by a member of the bar of this court or a judge of this 
 state. 
 
 Application. 
 
 The petition, verified by oath of the applicant, shall be di- 
 rected to the Supreme Court, and' shall be referred by the 
 Supreme Court to the State Board of Law Examiners. Such 
 petition shall contain statements as to applicant's name, place 
 and date of birth, and, if foreign born, the facts showing 
 that he is a citizen of the United States, the places and pe- 
 riods of residence and occupation during the last preced- 
 ing five years, and names and addresses of five persons ac- 
 quainted with the applicant during said period. The petition 
 shall also contain statements as to petitioner's educational ad- 
 vantages, exclusive of legal studies, where, when, for how long, 
 and under whose supervision legal studies have been pursued, 
 and the works read in the course of such legal studies. The 
 petitioner shall also state the place at which he prefers to be 
 examined, and, if at some place other than the capital, the rea- 
 son therefor. Each application must be accompanied by a fee 
 of $15, which shall entitle the candidate to two examinations, 
 and no more ; the second being applied for not later than one 
 year after the first. 
 
 General Education. 
 
 Although no certain degree of preliminary education is re- 
 quired, the rules direct that the applicant shall state in his pe- 
 tition the extent of the same. 
 
 (185)
 
 186 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 
 
 Term of Study. 
 
 The candidate shall have studied law at least three years, 
 either in a law school in the United States, or under the super- 
 vision of a practicing attorney or judge of this state, or partly 
 under one system and partly under the other ; and the petition 
 shall show where and with whom such legal studies have been 
 pursued and the works read in the course of study. 
 
 Examination — Regulations — Scope — Time and Place of Holding. 
 
 Examinations are held at the capital on the second day of 
 each regular term of the Supreme Court, and at such other 
 times as may be deemea necessary by the Board of Ex- 
 aminers, consisting of five members of the bar. Such examina- 
 tions shall be upon written questions prepared by said board, 
 and may be conducted by one or more examiners, or the dis- 
 trict judge in the district or county of applicant's residence, or 
 some person selected by the board. The questions and answers 
 shall be returned to the board, who shall report its findings 
 thereon to the Supreme Court. If the petitioner's abilities are 
 sufficient, a license shall be awarded by the court, and the oath 
 of attorney administered. 
 
 Admissions of Attorneys from Other Jurisdictions. 
 
 An attorney who has been regularly admitted to practice in 
 the highest court of another state or territory may, in the dis- 
 cretion of the court, be admitted in this state without examina- 
 tion on proof of such admission and good moral character, 
 which last shall be certified to by a judge or two or more at- 
 torneys for such other state or territory, or a member of the 
 bar of this state. The petition shall show the place or places 
 where applicant has practiced law in such other state and the 
 period of practice in each place ; whether applicant has been 
 admitted in more than one state or territory, and, if so, the 
 name of each state or territory, together with the dates of ad-
 
 EULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 187 
 
 mission as near as possible ; also the period of practice and 
 places of residence in each such state or territory. The peti- 
 tion must also be accompanied by the names and addresses of 
 five persons, preferably judges or members of the bar, of such 
 other state or territory. The admission fee is $10. 
 
 Miscellaneous. 
 
 Whenever it is made to appear to the satisfaction of the 
 court that it will be a hardship, owing to distance, expense, or 
 otherwise, for applicant to attend upon a session of the board 
 at the capital, the examination may be conducted in the district 
 or county where the applicant resides, by the district judge or 
 some other competent person to be selected by the board. 
 
 Source of Rules. 
 
 Comp. St. 1910, §§ 956-965 ; Rules Supreme Court, Decem- 
 ber 1, 1901. 
 
 WYOMING DECISIONS. 
 
 1870 to 1913. 
 
 A complete set of Wyoming Reports (down to 1913) con- 
 sists of 18 vols. All decisions of Wyoming subsequent to vol. 
 2 are reported in the Pacific Reporter, 128 vols. The set also 
 contains all decisions for the last 30 years of California, Col- 
 orado, Idaho, Kansas, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Ore- 
 gon, Utah, and Washington, and all of Arizona and Okla- 
 homa. The tables of cross-citations furnished with the Pacific 
 make it a simple matter to find the cases, even if cited by the 
 State Report page and volume. The set costs about one-fifth 
 as much as the corresponding State Reports. The limited quan- 
 tity of local case law makes reference to the decisions of other
 
 188 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR. 
 
 jurisdictions as precedents necessary, and the Pacific Reporter, 
 containing, as it does, the decisions of the neighboring states, 
 is the natural selection. Indeed, the set is regarded as a neces- 
 sity in all the Western states. Write for price and complete 
 information. 
 
 West Publishing Co., St. Paul. Minn.
 
 List of Leading Law Schools 
 by States. 
 
 Alabama. 
 
 University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Ala. Two-year course 
 
 of study. 
 
 Arkansas. 
 
 University of Arkansas, Little Rock, Ark. Two-year course 
 of study. 
 
 California. 
 
 Leland Stanford University, Stanford University, Cal. 
 Three-year course of study. 
 
 University of California School of Law, Berkeley, Cal. 
 Three-year course of study. 
 
 University of Southern California College of Law, Los An- 
 geles, Cal. Three-year course of study. 
 
 San Francisco Law School, San Francisco, Cal. Three- 
 year course of study. 
 
 L'niversity of St. Ignatius Law School, San Francisco, Cal. 
 Three-year course of study. 
 
 University of Santa Clara Law School, Santa Clara, Cal. 
 Three-year course of study. 
 
 Colorado. 
 
 Denver Law School, Denver, Colo. Three-year course of 
 study. 
 
 University of Colorado, Boulder, Colo. Three-year course 
 of study. 
 
 Connecticut. 
 
 Yale University Law School, New Haven, Conn. Three- 
 year course of study. 
 
 (189)
 
 190 LIST OF LEADING LAW SCHOOLS BY STATES. 
 
 District of Columbia. 
 
 Catholic University of America, Washington, D. C. Three- 
 year course of study. 
 
 George Washington University School of Law, Washington, 
 D. C. Three-year course of study. 
 
 Georgetown University, Washington, D, C. Three-year 
 course of study. 
 
 Howard University, Washington, D. C. Three-year course 
 of study. 
 
 National University, Washington, D. C. Three-year course 
 of study. 
 
 Washington College of Law, Washington, D. C. Three- 
 year course of study. 
 
 Florida. 
 
 Florida University Law School, Gainesville, Fla. Two-year 
 course of study. 
 
 John B. Stetson University, De Land, Fla. Two-year course 
 of study. 
 
 Georgia. 
 
 Atlanta Law School, Atlanta, Ga. Two-year course of 
 study. 
 
 Mercer University, Macon, Ga. Two-year course of study. 
 
 University of Georgia, Athens, Ga. Two-year course of 
 study. 
 
 Idaho. 
 
 University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho. Three-year course of 
 study. 
 
 Illinois. 
 
 Chicago Kent College of Law, Chicago, 111. Three-year 
 course of study. 
 
 Chicago Business Law School (Western College of Law), 
 Chicago, 111. Graduate courses.
 
 LIST OF LEADING LAW SCHOOLS BY STATES. 191 
 
 Illinois — Cont'd. 
 
 Chicago Law School, Chicago, 111. Three-year course of 
 study. 
 
 De Paul University Law School (Illinois College of Law), 
 Chicago, 111. Three-year course of study. 
 
 John Marshall Law School, Chicago, 111. Three-year course 
 of study. 
 
 Hamilton College of Law, Chicago, 111. Three-year course 
 of study. 
 
 Loyola University Department of Law, Chicago, 111. 
 Three-year course of study. 
 
 McKinley University Law School, Chicago, 111. Three-year 
 course of study. 
 
 Northwestern University Law School, Chicago, 111. Three- 
 year course of study. 
 
 University of Chicago Law School, Chicago, 111. Three- 
 year course of study. 
 
 Webster College of Law, Chicago, 111. Three-year course 
 of study. 
 
 Illinois Wesleyan University, Bloomington, 111. Three- 
 year course of study. 
 
 Northern Illinois College of Law, Dixon, 111. Two-year 
 course of study. 
 
 University of Illinois, Urbana, 111. Three-year course of 
 study. 
 
 Indiana. 
 
 Indiana University, Bloomington, Ind. Three-year course 
 of study. 
 
 Indiana Law School, Indianapolis, Ind. Two-year course of 
 study. 
 
 University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Ind. Three-year 
 
 course of study. 
 
 Valparaiso University Department of Law, Valparaiso, Ind. 
 
 Two-year course of study.
 
 192 LIST OF LEADING LAW SCHOOLS BY STATES. 
 
 Indiana — Cont'd. 
 
 Indianapolis College of Law, Indianapolis, Ind. Two-year 
 course of study. 
 
 American Central Law School, Indianapolis, Ind. Two-year 
 course of study. 
 
 low^a. 
 
 Drake University College of Law, Des Moines, Iowa. 
 Three-3-ear course of study. 
 
 State University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa. Three-year 
 coiu'se of study. 
 
 Kansas. 
 
 University of Kansas. Lawrence, Kan. Three-year course of 
 study. 
 
 Washburn College School of Law, Topeka, Kan. Three- 
 year course of study. 
 
 Kentucky. 
 
 University of Louisville Department of Law, Louisville, 
 Ky. Two-year course of study. 
 
 Jefiferson School of Law, Louisville. Ky. Two-year course 
 of study. 
 
 Kentucky State University College of Law, Lexington. 
 Ky. Three-year course of study. . 
 
 Louisiana. 
 
 Tulane University. New Orleans, La. Three-year course of 
 
 study. 
 
 University of Louisiana Law School, Baton Rouge, La. 
 
 Three-year course of study. 
 
 Maine. 
 
 University of Maine, Bangor, Me. Three-year course of 
 studv.
 
 LIST OF LEADING LAW SCHOOLS BY STATES. 193 
 
 Maryland. 
 
 Baltimore Law School, Baltimore, Md. Three-year course 
 of study. 
 
 University of Maryland, Baltimore, Md. Three-year course 
 of study. 
 
 Massachusetts. 
 
 Boston University, Boston Mass. Three-year course of 
 study. 
 
 ■ Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. Three-year course 
 of study. 
 
 Suffolk School of Law, Boston, Mass. Four-year course 
 of study. 
 
 Boston Y. M. C. A. Law School, Boston, Mass. Four-year 
 course of study. 
 
 Michigan. 
 
 University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. Three-year 
 course of study. 
 
 Detroit College of Law, Detroit, Mich. Three-year course 
 of study. 
 
 University of Detroit College of Law, Detroit, Mich. 
 Three-year course of study. 
 
 Minnesota. 
 
 St. Paul College of Law, St. Paul, Minn. Three-year course 
 of study. 
 
 University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn. Three-year 
 course of study. 
 
 Mississippi. 
 
 University of Mississippi, University P. O., Miss. Two- 
 year course of study. 
 
 Millsaps College of Law, Jackson, Miss. Two-year course 
 of study. 
 13
 
 194 LIST OF LEADING LAW SCHOOLS BY STATES. 
 
 Missouid. 
 
 University of Missouri, Columbia, Mo. Three-year course 
 of study. 
 
 Kansas City Law School, Kansas City, Mo. Three-year 
 course of study. 
 
 Benton College of Law, St. Louis, Mo. Three-year course 
 of study. 
 
 Washington University Law School (St. Louis Law School). 
 St. Louis, Mo. Three-year course of study. 
 
 St. Louis University Institute of Law (St. Louis Univer- 
 sity), St. Louis, Mo. Three-year course of study. 
 
 Nebraska. 
 
 University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Neb. Three-year course 
 of study. 
 
 Creighton University College of Law, Omaha, Neb. Three- 
 year day course of study and four-year night course. 
 
 New Jersey. 
 
 New Jersey Law School, Newark, N. J. Three-year course 
 of study. 
 
 Nexr ITork. 
 
 New York Law School, New York City. Three-year course 
 of study. 
 
 Columbia University, New York City. Three-year course 
 of study. 
 
 Brooklyn Law School, Brooklyn, N. Y. Three-year course 
 of study. 
 
 New York University Law School, New York City. Three- 
 year course of study. 
 
 Fordham University School of Law, New York City. 
 Three-year course of study. 
 
 Albany Law School, Albany, N. Y. Three-year course of 
 study.
 
 LIST OF LEADING LAW SCHOOLS BY STATES. 195 
 
 New York— Cont'd. 
 
 Buffalo Law School, Buffalo, N. Y. Three-year course of 
 study. 
 
 Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. Three-year course of 
 study. 
 
 Syracuse University, Syracuse, N. Y. Three-year course of 
 study. 
 
 North Carolina. 
 
 University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, N. C. Two- 
 year course of study. 
 
 Trinity College Law School, Durham, N. C. Three-year 
 course of study. 
 
 Wake Forest College, Wake Forest, N. C. Three-year 
 course of study. 
 
 North Dakota. 
 
 University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, N. D. Three- 
 year course of study. 
 
 Bismark Law College, Bismark, N. D. Three-year course 
 of study. 
 
 Ohio. 
 
 Cleveland Law School of Baldwin University, Cleveland, 
 Ohio. Three-year course of study. 
 
 Western Reserve University Law School, Cleveland, Ohio. 
 Three-year course of study. 
 
 Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. Three-year course 
 of study. 
 
 Cincinnati Law School, Cincinnati, Ohio, Three-year 
 course of study. 
 
 Y. M. C. A. Law School, Cincinnati, Ohio. Three-year 
 course of study. 
 
 Ohio Northern University, Ada, Ohio. Three-year course 
 of study.
 
 196 LIST OF LEADING LAW SCHOOLS BY STATES. 
 
 Ohio — Cont'd. 
 
 Lebanon University Law School, Lebanon. Ohio. Three- 
 year course of study. 
 
 Toledo Law School, Toledo, Ohio. Three-year course of 
 study. 
 
 Oklahoma. 
 
 University of Oklahoma Law School, Norman, Okl. Three- 
 year course of study. 
 
 Oregon. 
 
 University of Oregon Law School, Portland, Or. Three- 
 year course of study. 
 
 Portland Law School, Portland, Or. Three-year course of 
 study. 
 
 Pennsylvania. 
 
 University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa. Three-year 
 course of study. 
 
 Philadelphia Law School, Philadelphia, Pa. Four-year 
 course of study. 
 
 Dickinson College of Law, Carlisle, Pa. Three-year course 
 of study. 
 
 Pittsburg Law School, Pittsburg, Pa. Three-year course of 
 study. 
 
 South Carolina. 
 
 University of South Carolina Law School, Columbia, S. C. 
 Three-year course of study. 
 
 South Dakota. 
 
 University of South Dakota, Vermillion, S. D. Three- 
 year course of study. 
 
 Tennessee. 
 
 University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tenn. Two-year 
 course of study.
 
 LIST OF LEADING LAW SCHOOLS BY STATES. 197 
 
 Tennessee — Cont'd. 
 
 Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn. Three-year course 
 of study. 
 
 Cumberland University, Lebanon, Tenn. One-year course 
 of study. 
 
 Chattanooga Law School, Chattanooga, Tenn. Two-year 
 course of study. 
 
 Texas. 
 
 University of Texas, Austin, Tex. Three-year course of 
 
 study. 
 
 Virginia. 
 
 University of Virginia. Charlottesville, Va. Three-year 
 
 course of study. 
 
 Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Va. Two-year 
 course of study. 
 
 Richmond College, Richmond, Va. Two-year course of 
 study. 
 
 W^ashington. 
 
 University of Washington, Seattle, Wash. Three-year 
 course of study. 
 
 West Virginia. 
 
 University of West Virginia, Morgantown, W. Va. Two- 
 year course of study. 
 
 Wisconsin. 
 
 University of Wisconsin Law School, Madison, Wis. 
 Three-year course of study. 
 
 Marquette University Law School, Milwaukee, Wis. 
 Three-year course of study.
 
 Reports and Digests as Needed 
 in a Private Law Library. 
 
 REPORTS AND REPORTERS. 
 
 Judge Dillon says in his work on the Laws and Jurispru- 
 dence of England and America : "The law, as a result of the 
 ever-occurring changes in the condition of society and in leg- 
 islation, is constantly changing. The old is, to a great extent, 
 so well settled and known as to have become elementary and 
 indisputable. It is the new that is unknown, and needs inter- 
 pretation and definition. And as between the old reports and 
 the new, the experience of every lawyer and judge is, I think, 
 to the efifect that the nevv^ are the most useful because the most 
 needed." 
 
 The current supreme court decisions of all the states are pub- 
 lished in two editions. In each state the local reports are pub- 
 lished as a local series under the auspices of the state. This 
 is commonly known as the "official edition." The current de- 
 cisions of each state are also published in seven Reporters, mak- 
 ing up the National Reporter System. In the Reporters the 
 cases are published first in weekly advance sheets, which are 
 afterwards replaced by bound volumes for permanent use. 
 
 In building up a library of reports, three considerations 
 should be borne in mind : To obtain the books most useful ; 
 to buy in such a manner that subsequent purchases will not 
 duplicate the first; and to obtain the books with the smallest 
 expenditure possible. The National Reporter System fulfills 
 all these requirements. The National Reporter System con- 
 tains the late cases, and it is far better to buy a set of the Re- 
 porter System, and thus obtain the later decisions of the whole 
 country back to a given point, than to buy the entire reports of 
 
 (100)
 
 200 REPORTS AND DIGESTS. 
 
 any one state, the early volumes of which contain little that 
 has not been affirmed in the later reports, or that is not obsolete 
 or so well settled as to be indisputable. The one exception to 
 this rule is in favor of the decisions of one's own state. The 
 set a lawyer first buys is generally that containing the supreme 
 court decisions of his own state, and, as he wishes to increase 
 his library, he can add other reports as he is prepared to do so. 
 If he wishes the reports of any state in full, he can buy the 
 early volumes to the date when their publication commences in 
 die Reporter System at a material saving over the cost of an 
 entire set. The difference in cost between buying the official 
 reports and obtaining the same cases in the Reporter System is 
 well illustrated in the Northeastern Reporter. 
 
 The Northeastern Reporter, volumes 1 to 99, contains all 
 the opinions reported in 489 volumes of the Reports of IMassa- 
 chusetts, the New York Court of Appeals, Ohio, Indiana Su- 
 preme Court, Indiana xA.ppellate Court, and Illinois Supreme 
 Court. The price of the Northeastern, volumes 1 to 99, is 
 $267.00. The price ot the corresponding state reports is $1,- 
 207.05. This price is that at which the state reports is sold out- 
 side of the particular state. In some of the states a lower price 
 is made to attorneys within the state. But compare this price 
 with that of the Northeastern. The saving is enough to buy a 
 whole law library of digests, text-books and local practice 
 books, 
 
 While the National Reporter System was begun in 1879 
 with the Northwestern and extended to cover the entire coun- 
 try by 1886, it now contains more than one-half of the total 
 number of decisions handed down by the courts of last resort 
 of the country. This, moreover, is the later and therefore 
 the more valuable half, as is demonstrated by the passage 
 quoted by Judge Dillon in the opening paragraph of this ar- 
 ticle.
 
 REPORTS AND DIGESTS. 201 
 
 For further mformation on this matter of Reports and Re- 
 porters send for our booklet entitled, "A Lawyer's Choice of 
 Report," which we will be pleased to send you with our com- 
 pliments. 
 
 DIGESTS OF REPORTS. 
 
 Few lawyers beginning the practice are able to buy all of the 
 reports which they would like to have. It is no less neces- 
 sary, however, to consult them constantly. The American 
 Digest System is an adequate substitute and can be used ef- 
 fectively until the lawyer is prepared to increase his library by 
 the addition of other sets of reports. A digest is a com- 
 pendium, topically arranged, of the holdings set out in the 
 opinions. In other words, it is a boiled down, concentrated 
 extract of the opinions. Putting it in another way : Granting 
 that it is impossible for the lawyer to have all of the reports 
 of all the states, he would have a very effective working library 
 if he could have an edition of reports which contained the 
 headnotes only. If such an edition existed for the reports 
 of all of the states-, and these headnotes were arranged top- 
 ically rather than by cases, he would nave simply a digest. 
 This is what has been done in the case of the American Di- 
 gest System. The Century Digest covers, topically arranged, 
 all of the decisions from 1658 to 1896. The Decennial Di- 
 gest covers the decisions from 1897 to 1906, and the American 
 Digest, Key-Number Series, the decisions subsequent to 1906. 
 These Digests are arranged on the American Digest Classi- 
 fication which is everywhere recognized as the standard, being 
 not only used in all of the West Publishing Company's digests 
 and indexes but by the authors of many text-books and re- 
 ports. 
 
 With the American Digest System the lawyer can ascertain 
 without leaving his office what the exact holding is in any case 
 to which he has been referred. This is done through the Com-
 
 202 REPORTS AND DIGESTS. 
 
 plete Table of American Cases which is part of the set. If he 
 has no case in point, but desires to investigate the authorities 
 on .the question at hand, by consulting the digest topic, or 
 through the Descriptive Word Index, he can secure a complete 
 brief of all the authorities in point. After this preliminary 
 work of listing the cases has been done he can then go to the 
 law library or to the library of some other attorney to read 
 those opinions which bear most directly on his case. If the 
 lawyer cannot secure access to any desired opinion and that 
 opinion has been reported in the National Reporter System 
 he can obtain a copy from the publishers for twenty-five cents. 
 Typewritten copies of decisions prior to the Reporter System 
 can also be had at small cost. 
 
 The great advantage of having the entire case law of the 
 United States arranged on a uniform classification plan is 
 very evident. For instance, the scheme of classification in the 
 local digest of the State Reports and of the indexes in these 
 reports is never the same. If a lawyer commences his investi- 
 gation by examining the decisions in the Massachusetts Re- 
 ports he has to spend some time in learning the classification 
 used in that state. If he next turns to the New York Reports 
 or a digest of these reports he finds the scheme of classifica- 
 tion dififerent and more time must be spent in mastering this 
 new arrangement. On the other hand the classification scheme 
 of the American Digest System is uniform and the Key-Num- 
 ber System of uniform section numbers in the Key-Number 
 Digests enables him to turn directly from one digest to the 
 other. 
 
 Until the lawyer can have in his office the reports which 
 he needs, the American Digest System is the greatest aid to 
 using those to which he has access elsewhere. Furthermore, 
 the digest paragraphs are in themselves so full that reference 
 to the reports will in most cases be found unnecessary.
 
 The Purpose of a Digest 
 
 When the lawyer learns from his client the history of the 
 transaction regarding which his aid is sought, he usually an- 
 alyzes the statement, reducing it to its lowest terms, and knows 
 in a general way the legal principle the facts involve. To 
 merely recognize a general principle, however, is insufficient 
 in his work as a practicing lawyer. For example, suppose the 
 facts related involve the rule, "General appearance waives de- 
 fect in process." To know of this general rule is not enough. 
 He must know what acts of the parties constitute a general ap- 
 pearance, and must learn how courts have applied the rule to 
 like facts. So, to be fully equipped to serve his client, he must 
 know where and how to find the JDrecedents showing such ap- 
 plication. 
 
 A general rule or principle of law, like general expressions 
 regarding lay matters, implies nothing certain, nothing specific, 
 and can only be construed generally. 
 
 The application of the principle to the facts of the case is 
 generally the only difficulty. The principle itself is fixed and 
 well understood, while a small circumstance attending an act 
 may change the application. So a knowledge of the law is to 
 a great degree a knowledge of precedents. In fact, the main use 
 of authorities or decided cases is the recognition of some prin- 
 ciple and its application to the particular facts involved, which 
 the court can follow out in deciding the question before it. 
 
 It is cases showing the application of the legal principle, and 
 not the principle itself, which the courts of to-day most de- 
 mand. 
 
 Therefore it is not in search for the principles of law the 
 practicing lawyer spends so much time, but to find cases show- 
 
 (L'n:',i
 
 204 THE PURPOSE OF A DIGEST. 
 
 ing how the principles have been applied ; and in his search for 
 them he must use the facts as a guide, because the application 
 arises out of the facts, and not vice versa. 
 
 Legal publications coming under the category of text-books 
 and books of like nature deal with the law in a general way and 
 are confined largely to abstract statements of principles, and to 
 these the author appends citations to the authorities to which 
 he refers; but it is impossible to tell, without reference to a 
 Digest or the authorities themselves, to what extent or in what 
 particular way the cases cited support the proposition in the 
 text. Text-books and encyclopaedias do not give the facts in 
 each case, and therefore cannot show the particular applica- 
 tion of the principle involved. 
 
 If the lawyer needs to refresh his memory regarding a prin- 
 ciple of law, however, then he should resort to text-books and 
 encyclopaedias as a valuable aid; but, if he desires to know 
 how the principle has been applied to particular facts, he 
 should resort to Digests, which, if properly constructed, give 
 in concrete form the essential facts and show the application 
 or holding of the court in each case. 
 
 It does not suffice the lawyer in his particular case to learn : 
 "The right to defend one's self continues as long as an unjust 
 attack." This principle existed long before courts expressed 
 it. What he wants. to learn regarding his case in hand is: 
 Have such acts of parties as he is prepared to show been con- 
 strued by any courts to be "an unjust attack" ? Are there any 
 precedents ? And to learn this with certainty he must resort to 
 Digests, whigh give the facts. 
 
 There have been nearly 3,000,000 points of law decided by 
 courts of the United States. These have been collected and 
 systematically arranged in 412 digest groups, which are well- 
 known subjects in law. Ordinarily, to determine the particu- 
 lar subject where a desired point of law has been placed is easy
 
 THE PURPOSE OF A DIGEST. 205 
 
 or not, according as the searcher happens to reason from the 
 same point of view as the editor or author who places it ; and 
 this is necessarily so when using either digests, encyclopaedias, 
 or text-books. The following pages show how this difficulty 
 is materially lessened by using the Descriptive Word Index, 
 which points the searcher to the particular subject or topic in 
 which the case in point is placed, and aids him in getting a 
 start, by merely using words descriptive of the facts in his 
 case. 
 
 DESCRIPTIVE W^ORD INDEX. 
 
 The Descriptive Word Index is a compilation of titles, un- 
 der which are references directing the reader to the various 
 topics and sections in the Decennial Digest. These titles are 
 words descriptive of essential facts which have constituted the 
 several elements of the right of action or defense in decided 
 cases. Many of these titles are words that describe the names 
 of persons, places, and physical things which have been the 
 subject of dispute. Some of them are words that describe a 
 question of law or of fact not directly involving any particular 
 person or thing, but going to particular questions of law and 
 procedure which have been the subjects of dispute, and some 
 of these titles are words that describe a constitutional provi- 
 sion, a legislative act, or a legal doctrine which has been the 
 subject of dispute. 
 
 The Descriptive Word Index will aid the searcher when he 
 finds difficulty in getting a start toward finding authorities in 
 point. 
 
 When used in connection with Key-Number Digests, it aids 
 in locating the topic and section where the essential facts simi- 
 lar to the facts of the case in hand are digested. 
 
 When used in connection with cyclopedias having the Amer-
 
 206 THE PURPOSE OF A DIGEST. 
 
 ican Digest Classification, it aids in locating the topic (not the 
 section) where the general rule involving such facts is stated. 
 
 In addition to the many thousand cross-reference titles, and 
 the several hundred thousand cross-reference lines thereunder, 
 the Descriptive Word Index includes every subject or topic 
 title used in Key-Number Digests and every section line under 
 such titles. 
 
 The arrangement of the section lines under the titles in the 
 Index, however, is alphabetical, instead of analytical, as in the 
 Digest. Containing all such titles and lines, therefore, it can 
 be used as a complete index to all cases in the Decennial Di- 
 gest, without regard to the general digest classification. 
 
 There are times, also, when those familiar with the classifi- 
 cation of the American Digest System, and able analytically to 
 determine the topic under which their desired authorities fall, 
 will get material help from the Descriptive Word Index, where 
 the topic to be examined contains a great many cases and the 
 analysis is correspondingly long. 
 
 E. g. : "In an action by a corporation against its officers to 
 recover profits," you desire authorities. 
 
 You are morally sure they are to be found under the topic 
 Corporations but just where requires time to search, and in 
 such a live topic the number of varied cases necessitates a 
 rather long analysis ; hence, if pressed for time, turn to the 
 cross-reference title Profits in the Descriptive Word Index, 
 and under it will be indicated the exact section, to wit, 319 (1), 
 topic Corporations where such cases are placed.
 
 The National Ref)orter 
 Sy;^em 
 
 Contains all the decisions or every 
 rederal court ana every ^atc court 
 or last resort since rne system was 
 establishea 
 
 By flie ADVANCE SHEETS 
 
 rnc Ret)orters make all current 
 decisions availaole to tne t)roression 
 witkin about thirty days after 
 tney are nanded down. 
 
 Tne American Dige;^ 
 Sy^em 
 
 Digests every t)Oint of law decided 
 m every American case since 1659. 
 
 Tne Ivey- Number 
 
 Is tne connecting link w^nich binds 
 the Ret)orter System mdissolubly 
 to tbe Digest System. 
 
 We^ PublisKing Co. St. Paul 
 
 C783S-11 (207)
 
 A Key-Number Guide to 
 all the Authorities. 
 
 wsmmMm 
 
 A new device which effectually and finally 
 solves the "case law problenL** 
 
 Original — Exclusive — Revolutionary 
 
 The practitioner's case law problem, which is Your 
 always with him, is to find from the 700,000 re- problem, 
 ported cases the authorities directly applicable to 
 the particular legal questions in hand. 
 
 The case law problem for the law publisher is Our 
 to help the practitioner to find these few author- problem 
 ities from the many, most readily, most easily, 
 and most exhaustively. 
 
 Both problems are now solved by a new device Both 
 we have worked out for making the wealth of the solved. 
 American Digest System available in connection 
 with the Reporter System, producing what is in 
 effect a system of universal and specific annota- 
 tions. 
 
 This scheme was never possible before, because Now 
 the material was not available until the American first 
 Digest System was perfected. possible. 
 
 Ce786b (208)
 
 In the American Digest System, the points of 
 law in the 700,000 reported cases are extracted, 
 carefully formulated, and arranged in 112,000 
 groups, each one of which forms, in effect, a 
 specific *'note" or collection of the authorities on 
 some particular point of law. 
 
 The classification followed in the Digest System 
 is now extended to the Reporter System. Every 
 point in every new decision is classified by experts 
 for the American Digest System before it is pub- 
 hshed in the Reporters. Its place in the Di- 
 gest classification is then, editorially indicated 
 by the uniform section number , recently adopt- 
 ed in connection with the Decennial and the 
 current American Digests. This key number 
 will hereafter be affixed to every Reporter head- 
 note. 
 
 The key number thus works backwards and 
 forwards, making the American Digest annota- 
 tions perpetual, receiving from day to day the 
 new authorities as they come from the courts, and 
 making them instantly accessible to the searcher 
 through the talismanic number. 
 
 No other system can possibly accomplish this. 
 No other form of annotations made to-day can 
 carry with them an unerring reference forward 
 through the reports and digests to all future 
 cases in point. 
 
 14 (209)
 
 How to 
 
 Since these ''Universal Annotations" cover all 
 points of law and include all the authorities, past, use 
 present and future, the only remaining question is the 
 
 how to iind the annotations which are desired at annota- 
 
 any given time out of the 112,000. This is accom- *'°"^- 
 plished readily and effectively in three ways: 
 
 1. Through the topical American Digest classi- 
 fication with the aid of the cross-references, and 
 by the descriptive word method. (A ''bill of 
 particulars" will be furnished on request.) By 
 this means, the digest annotations can be 
 quickly found by their subject-matter. 
 
 2. Through the Table of Cases published in con- 
 nection with the Decennial Digest. Any single 
 case becomes "the key to all cases in point." The 
 title of the known case in the Table leads the 
 searcher directly to the "section" in the Century 
 or Decennial Digest from which earlier and later 
 cases in point can be traced mechanically by fol- 
 lowing the references. 
 
 3. Through the annotations in the National 
 Reporter System. For the past nine years, the 
 Reporters have been annotated by references to 
 the Century Digest. From November, 1908, they 
 have been annotated with the key number of the 
 Decennial Digest, as described above. Every re- 
 ported case will thus be directly and immediately 
 connected with all the pertinent annotations 
 throughout the entire American Digest System. 
 
 067Rr,a-2 (210i 
 
 First 
 way. 
 
 Secono 
 way. 
 
 Third 
 way.
 
 The Reporter System will henceforth add to 
 all the other points of superiority of its service 
 this supreme advantage: Every point in every case 
 will be keyed to the American Digest System, 
 connected automatically and immediately by a 
 simple and positive annotation with all past and 
 future decisions on the same point. 
 
 What All the authorities classified and arranged in 
 
 more that great storehouse, the American Digest Sys- 
 
 jcan be tem. 
 
 desired. 
 
 Each new case annotated to all the authorities 
 
 (past and future) at the time it is reported. 
 
 And all This new feature is added to the Reporters 
 
 with no without increasing the cost to subscribers by one 
 
 ncrease cent. We simply want you to understand it and 
 
 '" <^o^*' use it. 
 
 St. Paul, Minnesota 
 
 €0786b 3 
 
 (211)
 
 The Key-Number Annotation 
 
 Reporter Syllabus 
 
 GUSHING V. HEUSTON et al. 
 
 (Supreme Court of Washington. June 4, 1909.) 
 1. Trusts (§ 99*)— Constructive Trusts- 
 
 Breach OF Oral Agreement. 
 
 Even if plaintiff agreed orally to purchase 
 certain lands for interveners and himself, no 
 trust arose in favor of interveners on plaintiff's 
 purchase of the land in his own name, where 
 the agreement was without consideration, the 
 interveners furnishing no money for the pur- 
 chase, and they could have purchased for them- 
 selves. 
 
 [Ed. Note.— For other cases, see Trusts, Cent. 
 Dig. § 150; Dec. Dig. § 99. ♦] 
 
 That is the Topic and Section 
 under which we are going to put 
 this point in the next American 
 Digest 
 
 It is also where we have already 
 put all prior cases in point in the 
 the Decennial 
 
 It is the Key-Number 
 Annotation 
 
 An Illustration in Miniature 
 
 C7838-12 (212)
 
 National Reporter 
 System 
 
 The Only Completely Annotated Reports Published 
 
 Northeastern Reporter. Established 1885. Massachusetts, New 
 York, Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois 
 
 Northwestern Reporter. Established 1879. Michigan, Wisconsin, 
 Minnesota, Iowa, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota 
 
 Pacific Reporter. Established 1883. California, Oregon, Kansas, 
 Colorado, Nevada, Montana, Wyoming, Washington, Idaho, 
 Arizona, Utah, New Mexico, and Oklahoma 
 
 Atlantic Reporter. Established 1885. Maine, New Hampshire, 
 Vermont, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Jersey, Pennsyl- 
 vania, Delaware, and Maryland 
 
 Southwestern Reporter. Established 1886. Kentucky, Tennes- 
 see, Arkansas, Missouri, and Texas 
 
 Southeastern Reporter. Established 1887. Virginia, West Vir- 
 ginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia 
 
 Southern Reporter. Established 1887. Florida, Alabama, Miss- 
 issippi, and Louisiana 
 
 Federal Reporter. Established 1880. All the U. S. Circuit 
 Courts of Appeals, and the Circuit and District Courts 
 
 Supreme Court Reporter. Established 1882. The Supreme 
 Court of the United States 
 
 New York Supplement. All the decisions of the Appellate Divi- 
 sion of the Supreme Court (all departments); also decisions 
 of the Trial and Special Terms, Surrogates' Courts, City 
 Court of New York, County Courts, etc. 
 
 Information about the Reporter covering your state 
 
 Write for cost of a yearly subscription and for price 
 on the set with terms of payment 
 
 West Publishing Co, St. Paul, Minn. 
 
 C9256-2 riy.\)
 
 As to the Reporters 
 
 C7838-9 
 
 "I am pleased to ^ate that your work in 
 reporting is as nearly perfect as human 
 
 skill 
 
 can ma 
 
 ke it. 
 
 Eppes Tucker, Sr. 
 
 Lakeland, Fla. 
 
 "I have never yet discovered any error or 
 mi^ake in your work. You have adopted 
 
 a splendid sy^em." 
 
 R. R. Purcell 
 Helena, Mont. 
 
 "Your Reporter Sy^em has become so 
 universally known and recognized that a 
 law book which does not refer to it does 
 not satisfy the lawyer." 
 
 I. A. Buckingham 
 
 Decatur, III. 
 
 'I think your publications are remarkably 
 accurate. My observation is that they are 
 really more so than the authorized reports. ° 
 A. B. Foster 
 Troy, Ala. 
 
 Tht 
 
 National Reporter Sy^em 
 
 (214)
 
 The only complete presentation 
 of the decisions upon any given 
 point is to be found in the Ameri- 
 can Digest System 
 
 Text-books, notes, encyclopedias show 
 the law as it appears to the editor 
 or author 
 
 The digests coiled ALL the decisions, 
 arrange them systematically, and lay 
 them before you in form for your use 
 
 That's why the American Digest Sys- 
 tem is the reliance of the Bench as 
 well as the Bar 
 
 West Publishing Co. St. Paul, Minn. 
 
 C7838-10 '^^'J^
 
 American Digest System 
 
 Units which cover the law of the entire country 
 Century Digest 1658-1896 
 
 From the earliest times to the time of the Decennial Digest 
 
 50 volumes $300 delivered 
 
 "American Digest Classification" 
 
 Decennial Digest 1897-1906 
 
 Supplementing the Century Digest 
 
 25 volumes, including Table of American Cases 1658-1906 
 $150 delivered 
 
 The Original Key-Number Digest 
 "American Digest Classification" 
 
 American Digest ^"'serrs""' 1907 to date 
 
 The only digest of current American case law 
 
 $6.00 per volume delivered 
 
 "American Digest Claissification" 
 
 Units covering certain jurisdictions 
 
 State Digests 
 
 *Indiana Digest 
 fKentucky Digest 
 *Kansas Digest 
 tMassachusetts Digest 
 *Michigan Digest 
 tMissouri Digest 
 *Oklahoma Digest 
 ^Vermont Digest 
 tVa.-West Va. Digest 
 
 *Key-Number Digest 
 tSupplements are Key-Numbered 
 "American Digest Classification" 
 
 Reporter Digests 
 
 Atlantic Reporter Digest 
 Northeastern Reporter Digest 
 Northwestern Reporter Digest 
 Southeastern Reporter Digest 
 Southwestern Reporter Digest 
 Southern Reporter Digest 
 Pacific Reporter Digest 
 Federal Reporter Digest 
 New York Supplement Digest 
 
 The later volumes of these Digests 
 
 are Key-Numbered 
 
 "American Digest Classification" 
 
 West Publishing Co., St Paul, Minn. 
 
 C9256-4 
 
 (216)
 
 The Science of Brief Making 
 
 Hon. Horace E. Deemer, of the Supreme Court of 
 Iowa, says:— 
 
 " Brief making is an art in which there are few masters. I have 
 been amazed at the helplessness of law students, and even of lawyers 
 when they go into a library to search for authorities. A good law- 
 yer is one who knows where to look for the law; and after he has 
 found it knows what to do with it. Law schools should teach their 
 students how to do these things." 
 
 Hon. John H. Stiness, Chief Justice of the Supreme 
 Court of Rhode Island, says: — 
 
 "One who does not know where and how to find the law will not 
 know the law. One who cannot state his points in a clear and order- 
 ly way will fail to make an impression and to give the aid he desires. 
 Brief making, therefore, is a most essential and practical accomplish- 
 ment for a lawyer. Special instruction in brief making is both de- 
 sirable and important." 
 
 The need of a text-book serving as a guide to students 
 and young lawyers in the investigation of authorities, 
 showing the proper way of using the decisions and 
 statutes, explaining the purpose, relative value, and utility 
 of the different classes of law books, the best way to 
 search out what may be wanted from the bewildering 
 mass of legal publications, and how to use the matter at 
 hand properly and effectively in preparing brief or argu- 
 ment, has been apparent for years. 
 
 By the co-operation of a number of the best writers 
 that could be secured, each experienced in his particular 
 branch of the work, it became possible to publish a book 
 of this kind that would be of practical use for law 
 students and law school instruction. 
 
 (217)
 
 Brief Making and the 
 
 Use of Law Books 
 
 Second Edition Edited by Roger W. Cooley 
 
 The fir^ edition of this pradtical aind helpful work proved very 
 popular with young lawyers. It supplied information which would 
 ordinarily be gained only by co^ly experience. The new edition 
 has been largely rewritten and new matter has been added to 
 make it complete 
 
 Introduction 
 
 By William M. Lile, Dean of University of Virginia 
 Law School 
 
 Part I. Where to Find the Law 
 
 By Alfred F. Mason, Editor of American Law School 
 Review 
 
 Part IL How to Use Decisions and Statutes 
 
 By Eugene Wambaugh, Professor of Law, Harveird 
 University 
 
 Part in. How to Find the Law 
 
 By Roger W. Cooley, Special Lecturer on LegeJ Bibli- 
 ography at University of Michigan 
 
 Part IV. The Trial Brief 
 
 By Edson R. Sunderland, Professor of Law, University 
 of Michigan 
 
 Part V. The Brief on Appeal 
 
 By Henry S. Redfield, Professor of Law, Columbia 
 University 
 
 Appendix I. Main Heads of the Law Defined 
 
 Appendix IL Abbreviations of Law Publications 
 
 575 pages Buckram binding $2.50 
 
 West Publishing Co. St. Paul, Minn. 
 
 C7338-5 (218)
 
 1 he ilornbook Series 
 
 (219)
 
 Tne Iiornbook Plan 
 
 Is to set forth the leading principles in black-letter 
 (like this). 
 
 And to give the necessary amplification, explanation, 
 application, etc., under the principles, in type like this. 
 The authorities are grouped in footnotes at the bottom 
 of the page.* 
 
 This shows why these books are found so serviceable 
 as practitioners' handbooks. A lawyer may want to be 
 reminded of the law ; in that case he wants it pre- 
 sented in such a way that he can pick out what he needs 
 with the least trouble. 
 
 *Tlie Hornbook Series now includes treatises on Agency, Ad- 
 miralty, Bailments. Bills and Notes. Common-Law Pleading. 
 Constitutional Law. Contracts. Corporations. Criminal Law, 
 Criminal Procedure. Damages. Elementary Law, Equity Juris- 
 prudence. Equity Pleading. Evidence. Executors and Admin- 
 istrators, Federal .Jurisdiction and Procedure. Insurance. In- 
 ternational Law. Interpretation of Laws. Mining Law, Negli- 
 gence, Partnership. Persons and Domestic Relations, Public 
 Corporations, Real Property. Sales, Torts, and Wills. 
 
 C8301-^ (220)
 
 The Hornbook Series. 
 
 The Hornbooks form a series of separate elementary text- 
 books on the principal divisions of the law, and are designed 
 for the use of both the law student and the practitioner. 
 Every volume is a complete treatise in itself, and all are built 
 upon the same general plan, in which certain special and 
 original features are made prominent. 
 
 These distinguishing features are : 
 
 (1) The black-letter text, in numbered paragraphs, which in 
 itself constitutes a complete synopsis of the law of the subject. 
 This text is distinguished typographically from the subsidiary 
 text by being printed in large type. It runs through the book, 
 forming an outline or framework of the subject which is of par- 
 ticular value to the law student for the purposes of review. 
 
 (2) The subsidiary text or commentary, which consists of a 
 more extended presentation and discussion of the principles in 
 the preceding black-letter text. This commentary follows every 
 black-letter paragraph or group of paragraphs, is printed in 
 ordinary type, and comprises the body of the book. The typo- 
 graphical separation of these two parts enables the student to 
 obtain, in the first place, a general, comprehensive grasp of the 
 subject as a whole, and of the relation of one part to another, 
 and, by re-reading in connection with the more extended com- 
 mentary, to fix the details ckarly in mind. 
 
 (3) The notes and authorities, which consist of additional ex- 
 planations and illustrations of the text, referring the student to 
 all the leading and late cases where the principles have been 
 discussed and applied. 
 
 (4) Uniformity in plan, form, and price. 
 
 (221)
 
 THE HORNBOOK SERIES. 
 
 As to the Price. 
 
 It was a good deal of an experiment to fix the price of these 
 text-books at $3.75, including delivery charges. They were to 
 be regular octavo text-books, and the experience of publishers 
 has been that the uncertainties of the market with a new book 
 could be safely met only by making the price $5 or $6. Of 
 course, if a large circulation were assured in advance, the pub- 
 lishers would be warranted in coming nearer to the mark which 
 lawyers would like to fix. Just there was the problem. We de- 
 termined to meet it by taking the circulation for granted, fixing 
 the low price, and then making the books so irresistible that 
 the circulation would have to come. 
 
 Authors and Editors. 
 
 The authors have been very carefully selected, with a view 
 to their special fitness for handling the particular subject in- 
 trusted to them. No one of them has been chosen simply be- 
 cause of a name. Some of them have already established rep- 
 utations as writers, some have won their literary reputations 
 with these books, but in all cases their work has undergone the 
 most critical examination in our editorial corps, their citations 
 Ijcing verified, and, when necessary, their work revised, to 
 make it conform to the severe standard of this Series. If, 
 after publication, criticism shows any weak places, a new 
 edition is promptly brought out. All this lessens the chances 
 which a purchaser takes in buying an isolated book. Here 
 the publishers' responsibility has not been confined to the paper 
 aiKi press work. 
 
 On Approval. 
 
 We sell our text-books, including the Hornbook Series, sub- 
 ject to examination for 30 days. We want our customers to 
 be satisfied. We believe they like to judge from the book itself, 
 rather than from the most honest circular. We know our 
 
 (222)
 
 THE HORNBOOK SERIES. 
 
 books bear testing. We are well satisfied with the results of 
 this plan of selling ; and so, apparently, are our customers. 
 
 The List up to Date. 
 
 Admiralty 
 
 Agency .... 
 
 Bailments 
 
 Banks and Banl<ing 
 
 Bills and Notes 
 
 Common-Law Pleading 
 *Constitutional Law 
 
 Contracts . . - - 
 
 Corporations 
 
 Criminal Law . . - 
 
 Criminal Procedure • 
 *Damages 
 
 Elementary Law 
 
 Equity Jurisprudence 
 
 Equity Pleading 
 
 Evidence . . . - 
 
 Executors and Administrators 
 
 Federal Jurisdiction and Procedure 
 
 Insurance 
 
 International Law 
 ^Interpretation of Laws 
 
 Judicial Precedents 
 
 Mining Law 
 
 Negligence 
 "^Partnership 
 
 Persons and Domestic Relations 
 
 Public Corporations 
 
 Real Property 
 
 Sales - - - « 
 
 Suretyship and Guaranty 
 
 Torts .... 
 
 Torts (2 Vols.) - 
 
 Wills .... 
 
 By Robert M. Hughes 
 
 By Francis B. Tiffany 
 
 By Wm. B. Hale 
 
 By Francis B. Tiffany 
 
 By Charles P. Norton 
 
 By Benj. J. Shipman 
 
 By H. Campbell Black 
 
 - By Wm. L. Clark, Jr. 
 By Wm. L. Clark, Jr. 
 
 - By Wm. L. Clark, Jr. 
 By Wm. L. Clark, Jr. 
 
 By Wm. B. Hale 
 
 By Walter Denton Smith 
 
 By Jas. W. Eaton 
 
 By Benj. J. Shipman 
 
 • By John Jay McKelvey 
 
 By Simon G. Crosweil 
 
 By Robt. M. Hughes 
 
 By William R. Vance 
 
 By Geo. G. Wilson 
 
 By H. Campbell Black 
 
 - By H. Campbell Black 
 
 By George P. Costigan, Jr. 
 
 By Morton Barrows 
 
 By Eugene Allen Gilmore 
 
 By Walter C. Tiffany 
 
 By Henry H. Ingersoll 
 
 By Earl P. Hopkins 
 
 By Francis B. Tiffany 
 
 . By Frank Hall Childs 
 
 By William B. Hale 
 
 By Edwin A. Jaggard 
 
 By George E. Gardner 
 
 * Key-Numbered. Annotations point out the latest cases — those decided 
 since the books were published. 
 
 Uniform price, $3.75 a volume. 
 
 WEST PUBLISHING CO., St. Paul, Minn. 
 
 Write for the Hornbook Catalogue. 
 
 (223)
 
 //^7^HE ideal legal text-book of to-day is 
 ^^ not so much one that enables the 
 busy lawyer to find authorities — the digests 
 and encyclopedias do this — as one that re- 
 freshes his mind on the fundamental princi- 
 ples of law that underlie his case. * * * 
 The Hornbook Series offers the practitioner 
 a most convenient opportunity to quickly 
 review the mainsprings of the law having 
 relation to the subject in his mind at any 
 particular time." 
 
 —Central Law Journal. 
 
 The Hornbooks cover all the 
 main branches of the law, and 
 sell for $3.75 a volume 
 Send for list 
 
 West Publishing Co. 
 
 St. Paul, Minn. 
 
 C7748 
 
 (224) 
 
 I
 
 Hornbook Case Series 
 
 The object of this new set of casebooks, known 
 as the Hornbook Case Series, is to illustrate 
 the principles of law as set forth and discussed 
 in the volumes of the Hornbook Series. The 
 text-book sets forth in a clear and concise man- 
 ner the principles of the subjedl; the casebook 
 shows how these prmciples have been applied 
 by the courts and embodied in the case law. 
 With instruction and study along these lines, the 
 student should secure a fundamental knowledge 
 and grasp of the subject. The cases on a 
 particular subject are sufficiently numerous and 
 varied to cover the main underlying principles 
 and essentials. When used for classroom work 
 it should be remembered that the basis of the 
 instruction is the text-book, and that the purpose 
 of these casebooks is to illustrate the practical 
 application of the principles of the law. These 
 casebooks will be sold at the uniform price, 
 $2.50 per copy. 
 
 C9256 (225) 
 
 15
 
 The Hornbool^ Case Series 
 
 'Volumes published 
 
 Cooley's Cases on Insurance 
 
 Prepared to accompany Vcince on Insurance 
 
 480 pages Price $2.50 
 
 Cooley's Cases on Damages 
 
 Prepared to accompany Hale on Damages 
 
 300 pages Price $2.50 
 
 Cooley's Cases on Persons and Domestic Relations 
 Prepared to accompany Tiffany on Persons 
 and Domestic Relations 
 
 340 pages Price $2.50 
 
 Throckmorton's Cases on Evidence 
 
 Prepared to accompany McKelvey on Evidence 
 390 pages Price $2.50 
 
 Throckmorton's Cases on Contracts 
 
 Prepared to accompany Clark on Contracts 
 
 410 pages Price $2.50 
 
 Throckmorton's Cases on Equity 
 
 Prepared to accompany Eaton on Equity 
 
 430 pages Price $2.50 
 
 Gilmore's Cases on Partnership 
 
 Prepared to accompany Gilmore on Partnership 
 335 pages Price $2.50 
 
 NOTE: Casebooks to accompciny other volumes of the 
 Hornbook Series are now in course of preparation 
 and will be published at cin ecirly date 
 
 C9256.1 (2l'6) 
 
 LAW LIBRARY 
 
 IBfrVBR««TY OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 L06 AN6BL98
 
 AVI AlurtllKIT 
 
 TucDM ocr.inwfii I IRRARY FACILITY 
 
 ^'zr young lawyer 
 
 By Arthur M. Harris 
 
 "The book is wise and it is wholesome. It ought to be read by every 
 young lawyer and might profitably be read by many older ones." 
 
 Frank Irvine, Dean, Cornell University College of- Law. 
 
 " THE CODE OF ETHICS /V STORY FORM" 
 
 "• There was Ben driving by in his little old rickety wagon, with the trunk, and on 
 the seat beside him was the office boy that worked for Lawyer Bloom. Page 21 
 
 Edition de luxe Bound in red leather with gold top 19^i pages 
 
 Uncut edges Packed in neat carton $2.00 delivered 
 
 C9256-3 West Publishing Co., St Paul, Minn,
 
 ♦♦♦♦^'^♦♦♦♦♦♦(^♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦•>1>^0<»^^^^^'^v 
 
 Owen's Law Quizzer 
 
 {Third Edition) 
 
 By WILBER A. OWEN, LL. M. 
 Of the Ohio Bar 
 
 z 
 
 HIS is a systematic review of the fundamen- 
 tal principles underlying twenty-seven of the 
 most important legal subjects, by means of 
 3,000 carefully planned Questions and Answers. It is 
 intended primarily for the use of law students in review 
 work, and in preparing for examination for degrees in 
 law colleges, or for admission to the bar, but is also 
 serviceable to the lawyer who wants to refresh his 
 mind as to the exact scope and bearing of some legal 
 principle. 
 
 A full and detailed index makes reference easy. 
 
 Frequently questions involving abstract legal prin- 
 ciples come to an attorney's mind while at home even- 
 ings, away from his library. If deferred till the 
 next day, they are apt to be forgotten or crowded 
 aside. With Owen's Quizzer in the house, however, 
 it is ^asy to get at once a concise statement of the 
 principles involved, and to fix a clear idea of the 
 point in mmd. 
 
 (228) 
 
 LAW LIBRARY 
 ijtlV'/SfiSITT OF CALIFORNIA
 
 GAYLAMOur^rr 
 
 PAMPHLET BINDER 
 
 Manufoeturad bf 
 
 6AYL0RD BROS. tns. 
 SyroeuM, N.Y. 
 
 Stockton, Calif. 
 
 UC SOUTHERN REGIONAL LIBRARY FACILITY 
 
 AA 000 858 150
 
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