THE LIBRARY 
 
 OF 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY 
 OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 LOS ANGELES
 
 HISTORY 
 
 OF 
 
 NEWCASTLE 
 
 AND 
 
 GATESHEAD 
 
 VOL. I. 
 
 Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries, 
 
 EDITED BY 
 
 RICHARD WELFORD, 
 
 AUTHOR OF "A HISTORY OF THE PARISH OF GOSFORTH," "THE MONUMENTS 
 
 OF ST. NICHOLAS' CHURCH, NEWCASTLE," "PICTURES OF TYNESIDE 
 
 SIXTY YEARS AGO," ETC. 
 
 LONDON: 
 WALTER SCOTT, 14 PATERNOSTER SQUARE. 
 
 1884.
 
 OUR histories of Newcastle have made 
 their appearance since the time when 
 " W. G." now pretty generally identi- 
 fied as the initials of William Gray 
 published his modest " Chorographia, 
 or a Survey of Nevvcastle-upon-Tine," 
 printed by S. B., 1649. In the order 
 of publication they are as follows : 
 
 1. "The History of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, or the Ancient and 
 Present State of that Town. By the late Henry Bourne, M.A., curate 
 of All Hallows, in Newcastle. Printed and sold by John White, 
 1736." A small folio of 251 pages. 
 
 2. The well-stored quartos of Brand, entitled " The History and 
 Antiquities of the Town and County of the Town of Newcastle- 
 upon-Tyne ; including an account of the Coal Trade of .that place, 
 and embellished with engraved views of the publick buildings, etc." 
 Two vols. quarto, 1400 pages. London, 1789. 
 
 3. " An Impartial History of the Town and County of Newcastle- 
 
 541894 
 
 LISRARf
 
 iv PREFACE. 
 
 upon-Tyne and its Vicinity ; comprehending an account of its Origin, 
 Population, Coal, Coasting, and Foreign Trade ; together with an 
 accurate description of all its Public Buildings, Manufactories, Coal 
 Works, etc." Demy 8vo, 612 pages. Newcastle, 1801. An anony- 
 mous book, the reputed compilation of the Rev. John Baillie, a 
 Presbyterian minister. 
 
 4. "A Descriptive and Historical Account of the Town and 
 County of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, including the Borough of Gates- 
 head. By E. Mackenzie." Newcastle, 1827. Quarto, 780 pages. 
 
 To these may be added a small volume which, if scarcely to be 
 called a history, is much more than a guide book, written by the 
 accomplished author of the " History of Northumberland " the Rev. 
 John Hodgson and entitled " The Picture of Newcastle-upon-Tyne ; 
 being a brief historical and descriptive guide to the principal 
 Buildings, Streets, Public Institutions, Manufactures, Curiosities, etc., 
 within that town and its neighbourhood for twelve miles round ; and 
 including an account of the Roman Wall ; and a detailed history of 
 the Coal Trade ; the whole illustrated by a map of the various coal 
 mines on the rivers Tyne and Wear, a plan of Newcastle, and other 
 engravings." Newcastle, 1812. Svo, 306 pages. 
 
 The " Local Records " of John Sykes, and the " Local Historians' 
 Table Book " of Moses Aaron Richardson, also contain a great 
 variety of historical detail, chiefly modern, concerning the town and 
 the northern counties. 
 
 In the half century that has passed away since Mackenzie laid 
 down his pen, a new and comprehensive history of Newcastle has been 
 at various times " looming in the distance." Sir Cuthbert Sharp, with 
 surprising energy and untiring patience, accumulated a vast collection 
 of documents relating to Tyneside, which is now buried, with other
 
 PREFACE. v 
 
 gatherings of his zealous research, in the Dean and Chapter Library 
 at Durham. He was followed by a minute and painstaking local 
 antiquary, Mr. George Bouchier Richardson, who, like Sir Cuthbert, 
 copied parish registers and tombstones, and rifled the mouldering 
 archives of the Incorporated Companies to good purpose, but 
 emigrated to the Antipodes before his work was half completed. In 
 1859 the Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle announced that some of 
 its members were collating Mr. Richardson's papers, and that a new 
 history of the borough was in preparation, "with all the additional 
 information that has been collected since the publication of Brand and 
 Mackenzie." And lastly, a few years ago, the prospectus of a hand- 
 some work on the same subject, in two volumes, quarto, to be written 
 by Dr. Bruce, and extensively illustrated by engravings, was issued by 
 Mr. Andrew Reid, and met with a hearty and encouraging response. 
 None of these projects have advanced beyond the initial stage, and 
 the prospect of their reaching maturity is doubtful. 
 
 In the present volume the great local events of the fourteenth and 
 fifteenth centuries have been gathered together, forming a diary of the 
 political, municipal, ecclesiastical, commercial, and, to some extent, 
 the social life of Newcastle, which will save much labour to the long 
 promised historian of the northern metropolis and its sister borough, 
 should he ever be forthcoming. Newcastle is shown to us in these 
 pages as a military town of the first importance, in which great affairs 
 of state were discussed, armies arrayed, and treaties concluded a 
 town towards which the eyes and hearts of all England were directed 
 when, as so frequently happened, sovereigns assembled their forces 
 around its walls to prepare for war, and statesmen met within them 
 to negotiate peace. Add to these events the record of municipal 
 growth, the discovery of the commercial uses of coal, and the develop-
 
 vi PREFACE. 
 
 ment of maritime industry to which it gave birth, and the high 
 position which Newcastle occupied in history will be seen, and the 
 utility of the present attempt to collect the scattered memorials of 
 that eventful time, however dry and uninviting many of them may 
 appear to the general reader, will perhaps be recognised. 
 
 The dates throughout are those of the historical year commencing 
 on the ist of January. Into this reckoning, regnal, pontifical, epis- 
 copal, and municipal years have been converted, and thus the 
 confusion, trouble, and occasional error of the older historians have 
 been, it is hoped, avoided. When doubt exists it is duly noted ; and 
 in like manner discrepancies of time and place amongst recognised 
 authorities are pointed out. The compiler's own errors (and some 
 will undoubtedly occur), are left to the indulgence of the reader. 
 
 In the translation of documents from the Latin, generous assist- 
 ance has been rendered by the Rev. JOHN REID, jun., M.A., of 
 Gosforth ; and in many ways help and counsel have been given 
 by the venerable and indefatigable local historian and antiquary, 
 Mr. JAMES CLEPHAN, whose contributions to this volume are 
 indicated by his initials "J. C."
 
 INTRODUCTORY CHAPTER. 
 
 HE "king's town of the New Castle upon the 
 Tyne," at the end of the thirteenth century, 
 was of small dimensions, but admirably 
 situated for protection and defence. 
 
 On the high ground overlooking the river 
 stood the castle the abode of the sovereign 
 when he visited his northern dominions, and 
 the emblem of his power when he was absent. 
 Founded by Robert, son of the Conqueror, more 
 firmly established by his brother the Red King, and 
 extended by subsequent monarchs, it was now in the perfection 
 of its strength and the fulness of its development. The massive 
 keep was surrounded by equally massive walls ; the outer one, 
 broken up by towers and turrets, enclosing more than three acres 
 of ground. A deep moat or ditch protected the town side of the 
 fortress, where the main entrance, the Black Gate, with its draw- 
 bridge and portcullis, was situated ; while riverward the steep 
 acclivity on which the castle was founded formed a practically 
 impregnable barrier. 
 
 Beyond the Black Gate rose the church of St. Nicholas pre- 
 decessor of the present edifice, and of humbler pretensions. West-
 
 viii INTRODUCTORY CHAPTER. 
 
 ward, on the slope towards the Tyne, stood the monastery of the 
 Friars of the Sac, or Penance of Jesus Christ, and in the same 
 direction, but northerly, the hospital of the Virgin, followed at a 
 few yards' distance by St. John's Church. Further on came the 
 buildings of the great and powerful order of Dominicans, or Preach- 
 ing Friars, and a little north of them the pile of St. Andrew's Church, 
 backed by the grassy ridges of the Castle Leazes and the foliaged 
 expanse of the Town Moor. Turning again towards the fortress, 
 the eye caught glimpses, through the thick-set trees, of the house 
 occupied by the Nuns of St. Bartholomew, and saw behind it, to 
 the north-east, the monastery of the Franciscans. Away to the 
 right lay the buildings of the Austin Friars, while, from the Wall 
 Knoll, the house of the Carmelites looked across Pandon to the 
 church of All Hallows and the chapel of St. Thomas. 
 
 Thus the castle, four churches, a chapel, and seven religious houses 
 formed the public buildings of the town. 
 
 Under shelter of the fortress houses were probably grouped 
 together, but the remainder of the town was mostly meadow-land, 
 orchards, and gardens, broken up into irregular patches of dwellings 
 round about the churches and monasteries. Three main thorough- 
 fares were in process of formation Westgate Street, Cloth Market 
 or Newgate Street, and Pilgrim Street, while a winding path gave 
 access at low water from the foot of the castle mound to the rising 
 district of All Hallows, and probably led beyond to the ancient vill 
 of Pandon. 
 
 Down the centre of the town, in a deep ravine, ran the Lort Burn, 
 navigable at high water for a certain distance round the eastern base 
 of the castle. To the eastward, on the other side of Pilgrim Street, 
 flowed another streamlet, the Ayreke Burn, washing the gardens of 
 the Austin Friars, and either finding its way direct to the river at the 
 foot of All Hallows hill, or uniting itself with the larger rivulet that, 
 rushing past the leper hospital, near the Moor, and curving round to 
 the south, divided Pandon from Newcastle. 
 
 Spanned by a bridge which Norman sovereigns had erected upon 
 Roman foundations, the river Tyne rolled along, spreading itself over 
 a sandy bay between the castle hill and that of All Hallows, and again 
 between that church and the rising ground of Pandon, and pursuing
 
 INTRODUCTORY CHAPTER. ix 
 
 a shallow and tortuous course among sandbanks and mudbanks to 
 the German Ocean. Across the bridge were the vill and park of 
 Gateshead, belonging to the prince bishops of Durham, among 
 whose wooded slopes rose a church dedicated to the Virgin, and 
 a hospital bearing the united names of St. Edmund and St. Cuthbert. 
 The young community which had sheltered itself and grown up 
 into a town under the shadow of the castle in the days of the 
 Norman kings, was no doubt protected by a barrier of stone from 
 hostile Scots and predatory neighbours. In some oft-quoted verses, 
 Hardyng, the metrical chronicler of the sixteenth century, attributes 
 the first wall to Rufus : 
 
 " He buylded the Newcastell vpon Tyne, 
 The Scottes to gainstand and to defend, 
 And dvvel therin : the people to incline 
 The town to build and wall as did append, 
 He gave them ground and gold ful great to spend, 
 To buylde it well and wall it all about, 
 And fraunchised them to pay a free rent out. 
 
 The rentes and frutes to th' archbishop perteinyng, 
 
 And to the bysshoppes of Wynchester and Sarum, 
 
 And also of nyne abbeys lyvelod conteynyng, 
 
 In his handes seazed and held all and some, 
 
 But for his workes and buyldynges held eche crome, 
 
 With whiche he made Westmynstre hall 
 
 And the castel of the Newe Castell withall, 
 
 That standeth on Tyne, therin to dwel in warrc, 
 Agayne the Scottes the countree to defcnde, 
 Whiche, as men sayd, was to hym mekill deer, 
 And more pleasyng than otherwise dispende, 
 And muche people for it did hym commende, 
 For cause he dyd the commen wealthe sustene, 
 His marches vnnumerable to mayntene." 
 
 Mr. Hodgson Hinde thought that the northern limit of 
 the town of Newcastle, in its very earliest infancy, may have 
 been the Roman Wall, which is supposed to have passed along 
 the north side of old St. Nicholas' Church, the present edifice 
 being erected upon, and overlapping it. A western wall, erected 
 in great part with Roman stones, may have joined the murus 
 somewhere in what is now Collingwood Street, and extended over the 
 Tuthill to the river, protecting the weak side of the town, while the
 
 x INTRODUCTORY CHAPTER. 
 
 ravine of the Lort Burn afforded sufficient defence on the east ; the 
 whole of the fortifications being in this manner kept within bowshot of 
 the castle. 
 
 However that may have been, the ancient Norman town had very 
 considerably overgrown its limits when the fourteenth century 
 came in, and a new and massive system of circumvallation was ap- 
 proaching completion. Commencing at the shore of the river, about 350 
 yards west of the castle stairs, the wall crept up the steep ascent till 
 it arrived at a point facing the Black Gate, whence, diverging westward 
 through the courtyard of the Virgin Mary Hospital, it swept round 
 north-westerly to the garden of the Black Friars, which it divided. 
 Continuing the curve it encompassed St. Andrew's Church, where it 
 took a fresh departure, and proceeded due east to the head of the 
 Ayreke Burn ; thence ran southerly, past the house of the Augustines, 
 and then striking off at a considerable angle to enclose the old town 
 of Pandon, just acquired from the lord of Byker, intersected the 
 garden of the Carmelites, or White Friars, on the Wall Knoll, came 
 down the hill and united itself again with the Tyne. The circuit of 
 the wall was about two miles, the thickness eight feet, the height 
 twelve feet ; and at the various angles were strengthening towers of 
 imposing appearance and substantial construction. Access to the town 
 was obtained by six fortified gateways, and prevented by massive 
 doors and portcullises. First came the gate at the river-side, westward, 
 protecting the shore along the foot of the castle, and opening out the 
 thoroughfare known even at that early period as the Close. Then 
 upon the higher ground, closely adjoining the great house, with its 
 wide-spreading garden, of the Dominican brotherhood, stood the 
 West Gate and its turn bridge, covering the ancient route, alongside 
 the old Roman barrier, to the western parts of the county of Nor- 
 thumberland. At the north-west corner, almost in front of the 
 chancel of St. Andrew's, was the New Gate, known in after genera- 
 tions as the largest and strongest of the six. Near the other corner, 
 eastward, at the end of the route through the town which pilgrims 
 trod who came over Tyne Bridge to worship at the altar of the 
 Virgin in Jesmond fields, stood Pilgrim Street Gate. Down in the 
 valley, below the buildings and burial-ground of the Augustines, and 
 in the sharp angle which the new wall took to enclose Pandon, rose
 
 INTRODUCTORY CHAPTER. xi 
 
 up Pandon Gate, giving access to the broad lands of Heaton, and 
 by way of Wallsend to the far-famed priory of Tynemouth. And on 
 the riverside eastward, just below the Carmelite monastery, stood the 
 last of the series the Sand Gate. 
 
 And while the town was thus extending its boundaries, it was 
 progressing in commercial resources and municipal organisation. 
 Originally part of the royal demesne, the king's good town of New- 
 castle was moving gradually in the direction of freedom and self 
 government. The burgesses had already freed themselves from the 
 levies of the sheriff of Northumberland, paying in lieu thereof to the 
 king direct a rent of ioo/. per annum. They had secured the right 
 to have pleas, or actions at law arising among themselves, decided 
 by their own officers within the walls, and to appoint their own 
 coroner. The chief magistrate was no longer a port-reeve, or provost 
 selected by the king, but a chief bailiff, or mayor, elected by the 
 burgesses at large ; to whom, with his four assistant bailiffs, was 
 committed the general government of the town, the regulation of its 
 income and expenditure, the settlement of mercantile disputes, the 
 keeping of watch and ward, and the collection and rendition of 
 the king's customs and profits. Further, the burgesses had been 
 summoned to elect two of their number to represent them in parlia- 
 ment, and had more than once exercised that privilege. 
 
 When there was peace between England and Scotland, life in 
 Newcastle at this early period of its history must have been as 
 well worth living as in most other parts of the kingdom. The 
 great fortress, occasionally inhabited by the sovereign, and at all 
 times garrisoned by royal troops, gave the townspeople confidence, 
 afforded them occasional pageant and spectacle, and perhaps con- 
 tributed to festivity and good fellowship. Municipal institutions 
 strengthened the feeling of security, and added a sense of inde- 
 pendence. Commercial activity, finding scope along the margin of 
 the river, and the sides of its local tributary, the Lort Burn, where 
 primitive wharves and warehouses were probably overlooked by the 
 dwellings of their possessors, brought material comfort and a measure 
 of prosperity to all classes of the community. Superabundant ecclesi- 
 astical institutions ministered to the spiritual necessities of an 
 unlettered and superstitious people, and to some extent alleviated
 
 Xll 
 
 INTRODUCTORY CHAPTER. 
 
 the wants of the poor and suffering at the expense of their more 
 fortunate neighbours. And lastly, the spacious inlet from the river, at 
 the end of the bridge, known to this day as the Sandhill, afforded 
 space for recreation, where the burgesses and their families indulged 
 in the pastimes of the age, and witnessed feats of skill and leger- 
 demain from peripatetic bands of entertainers that then, as now, 
 traversed the kingdom. 
 
 Such was, in brief, the state of Newcastle, its people and its 
 institutions, in the closing years of King Edward I. and the com- 
 mencement of the fourteenth century. 
 
 ST. NICHOLAS' CIHRCH FROM inv. GROAT MARKKT (1S27).
 
 OF 
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 
 
 FIRST DECADE 1301-10. 
 
 1301. 
 
 29 and 30 EDWARD I. 
 
 Bishop of Durham Anthony Bek. 
 
 HE names of the Mayor and Bailiffs of Newcastle 
 this year are not certainly known. Bourne, whose 
 History of Newcastle contains the earliest printed 
 list of them, enters them "the same " as in 1297, 
 namely 
 
 John Scott Mayor. 
 
 Thomas Tindale, William Ogle, 
 
 ^Bailiffs, 
 
 John, son of Adam Blagdon, Peter Draper, 
 
 but his accuracy is not always to be assumed. The archives of the 
 corporation, like those of many other public bodies, suffered from 
 violence and neglect at various times, and the names of some of the 
 early mayors and bailiffs cannot be ascertained. Unfortunately, the 
 compiler of Bourne's List does not tell us this, but adopts the unhappy 
 plan of putting in the words " the same," whenever a hiatus occurs ; 
 so that in some instances Newcastle appears to have been governed 
 for four or five consecutive years by the same persons. Since his time 
 signatures of mayors, etc., to wills and deeds have been discovered,
 
 2 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 which afford the means of correcting some of his errors ; but the list 
 is still incomplete. In the present instance the year is one of six 
 in which the above-named persons are entered as retaining their 
 respective offices. But a deed quoted in the Archceologia ALliana, old 
 series, vol. iii. p. 83, under date the 25th of April 1300, contains 
 the signatures of 
 
 Henry Scott, Chief Bailiff (or Mayor), 
 
 Nicholas Carliol, Peter Graper, 
 
 Thomas Tindale, William Ogle, 
 
 ~| 
 J 
 
 and it is much more probable that these persons were elected again at 
 Michaelmas 1301, than that the mayor and bailiffs of 1297 were 
 reappointed. Conjectures are, however, dangerous. All that we 
 know with certainty is, that these last-named persons were in office 
 during the municipal year 1299-1300; their successors till the year 
 1304 cannot be ascertained. 
 
 Parliament was summoned to meet at Lincoln on the 2Oth 
 January. The members for the county of Northumberland appear 
 in the enrolments, but no mention is made of Newcastle amongst the 
 cities and boroughs that were represented there. Parliamentary 
 representation was in its infancy. The first complete parliament, 
 consisting of elected knights, citizens, and burgesses, was called 
 together by Henry III., in January 1265. No record of its members 
 has been discovered. Of three others, which met at Westminster 
 1 3th October 1275, at Northampton and York 2Oth January 1283, 
 and at Shrewsbury on the 2Oth September in the latter year, history is 
 equally silent. In July 1290, and November 1294, parliaments which 
 met at Westminster were composed of county members only. It is 
 not until 1295 that we meet with the names of members for the 
 borough of Newcastle. On the I3th November in that year the 
 knights, citizens, and burgesses were summoned to assemble at West- 
 minster, and Newcastle sent 
 
 Hugh Carliol and Peter Graper, 
 
 both of whom had been associated in the government of the town, 
 the former as mayor, and the latter (called " Draper " by Bourne and 
 Brand) as one of the bailiffs. Again, in 1298, Newcastle took its share 
 in the national deliberations ; the names of its representatives at the 
 parliament which assembled at York, on the 25th May in that year, 
 being 
 
 Peter Graper and John Scott. 
 
 In the enrolments of the parliament that met on the 6th March 1300, 
 Newcastle is not entered, and thus only the names of these three
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 3 
 
 burgesses Hugh Carliol, Peter Graper, and John Scott, have come 
 down to us as the parliamentary representatives of Newcastle previous 
 to the fourteenth century. 
 
 King Edward I., in prosecuting his wars against Scotland, was 
 frequently in Newcastle. In April 1300 he came hither with his 
 youthful bride, Marguerite, the flower of France, and in June 1301 he 
 returned, having ordered a muster of his army at Berwick on the 24th 
 of that month. During his stay on the Tyne he was probably a guest 
 at the convent of Tynemouth, where, from the 22d to the 26th June, 
 he made frequent offerings at the shrine of St. Oswin, or one of the 
 other altars. Thus on the 22d, it is recorded that he offered 75. at the 
 great altar in the Priory Church, and the like sum at St. Oswin's 
 shrine. On the 25th, he offered " at the altar of SS. Alban and Amphi- 
 balus in the church of the said priory, in honour of those saints, before 
 the mass, 75., and after the mass at that altar, on account of the good 
 news which he heard from Scotland, 75." He also sent alms to the 
 orders of Mendicants, Minors, Carmelites, and Augustines in New- 
 castle. Shortly afterwards his Majesty began his march into Scotland, 
 where he spent the winter. 
 
 The value of the offerings which were made by the king at Tyne- 
 mouth cannot be accurately expressed in modern money. An 
 approximate idea of it, and of other values that will appear further 
 on, may be gathered by comparing the cost of labour and com- 
 modities at that period with the value of the same labour and 
 commodities to-day. Fleetwood, in his CJironicon Predosum, quotes 
 from various sources the following as the prices which prevailed in the 
 first half of the fourteenth century ; but it may be observed that the 
 market value of corn in those days rose and fell, with the nature of 
 the seasons, to a degree that in modern times finds no parallel. 
 
 1302 Wheat, 45. ; peas, 2s. 6d. ; oats, 2s. a-quarter ; a bull, 75. 4d. ; 
 a cow, 6s. ; a fat sheep, is. ; a ewe, Sd. 
 
 1317 Wheat, 6s. Sd. ; oats, 53. 4d. a-quarter. 
 
 1338 Wheat, 35. 4d. ; barley, lod. ; peas and beans, is.; oats, 
 lod. a-quarter. 
 
 1306 Stipend of a curate, 5 marks, or 3/. 6s. 8d. per annum. 
 
 1310 Man-at-arms, iod.; cross-bowman, 3d. ; archer or bowman 
 2d. a-day. 
 
 j^i i Pension allowed by the king to Knights Templars, 4d. a-day. 
 Pension to their chaplains, 2os. a-year, and 3d. a-day for diet, or 
 5/. iis. 3d. per annum. 
 
 The wages of common labourers were id., and of artificers from 
 2d. to 3d. a-day, without diet or clothing. By artificers are meant 
 carpenters, masons, etc. Based upon the price of wheat at 43.
 
 4 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 a-quarter, and assuming that the average price of this article in 
 Newcastle market for the last ten years is 483. per quarter, the value 
 of a penny in 1302 is a shilling of our money. Calculated upon meat, 
 the proportion is much higher. 
 
 While the king was at Tynemouth, he and his council heard pleas 
 in a serious dispute between the imperious bishop Anthony Bek 
 and the prior of Durham, Richard Hotoun. Some incidents of the 
 struggle, as far as they relate to Newcastle and Gateshead, will be 
 noticed further on. 
 
 1302. 
 
 30 and 31 EDWARD I. 
 Bishop of Durham Anthony Bek. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs of Newcastle Uncertain. " The same," writes 
 Bourne, namely 
 
 John Scott Mayor. 
 
 Thomas Tindale, 
 
 John, son of Adam Blagdon, 
 
 William Ogle, ) T 
 Peter Draper, I Batll ff s > 
 
 but, as shown in the previous year, there is good reason to believe 
 that the list is incorrect. 
 
 PARLIAMENT was summoned to meet in London 
 on the 2Qth of September the feast of St. Michael. 
 The burgesses of Newcastle appointed 
 
 Nicholas Carliol and Thomas Clerk (Clericus) 
 
 to represent them. This parliament was prorogued 
 until the I4th of October, and in the writ of prorogation the 
 name of Thomas Frismarays or Frismarisco replaces that of 
 Thomas Clerk ; the latter, or one of his name, being afterwards 
 appointed a collector of customs on wine in Newcastle. 
 
 Through the mediation of the French monarch, King Edward 
 arranged a truce with the Scots, and commenced his journey south- 
 ward. He was at Morpeth on the 23d February, whence he wrote 
 to the magnates of Ireland for assistance in case peace should not be 
 concluded at the expiration of the truce. His Majesty probably 
 passed through Newcastle a day or two afterwards, for he was at 
 Darlington on the $th March. 
 
 About this time prominent citizens of Newcastle were accused 
 of plundering the monks of Tynemouth. The king in 1296 had
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 5 
 
 demanded a subsidy from both clergy and laity ; but the clergy 
 refused to pay it, and were supported by the Pope (Boniface VIII.), 
 who issued a bull forbidding taxes to be levied by secular princes 
 upon, or to be paid by, the clergy, without his consent. King Edward 
 was not the man to accept quietly this interference with his privileges. 
 He closed the storehouses of the clergy, forbade their tenants to pay 
 them rent, and finally seized their lay fees ; at the same time denying 
 them an audience before the courts of the realm. A retaliation so 
 severe naturally encouraged persons outside of the quarrel to plunder 
 on their own account, and the monks were robbed without restraint. 
 The abbot of Holy Cross monastery at Waltham, who styled himself 
 conservator of the privileges of the monks at Tynemotrth (possibly 
 the prior was in Rome), wrote to Robert Driffield, rector of Ponteland 
 and vicar of Newburn, about the Newcastle marauders as follows : 
 " Whereas we are bound to protect the property, etc., of the monks 
 of Tynemouth, and certain sons of iniquity and satellites of Satan, 
 of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, have assaulted certain monks of Tynemouth, 
 burnt their houses, and stolen their goods ; we pray you to exert 
 yourself to arrest the same that they may answer to us therefor. 
 Satellites of Satan Nicholas Scott, Henry, his brother (the ex- 
 mayor?), John and Robert Tinctor, Henry Burnton, Robert Midford, 
 Thomas and Nicholas Swain, Thomas Carliol, John Sautmarays, 
 Hugh Merchingley, James Fleming, John Scott, Adam Page," and 
 many others. The result of Driffield's vigilance does not appear. 
 
 1303. 
 
 31 and 32 EDWARD I. 
 Bishop of Durham Anthony Bek. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs of Neivcastle Uncertain. The same as in 
 1297, if Bourne's List could be trusted. 
 
 HE king organised another expedition against the 
 Scots, and ordered all his forces to assemble. A 
 thousand men from the county of Northumberland 
 were to be at Wooler on the loth May, and march 
 the next day ; the king's clerk, John Poveray, to pay 
 them the day's wages. A similar order was sent to the Bishop 
 of Durham, commanding him to muster five hundred men at Gates- 
 head on the ninth, and have them ready to march the following 
 day, receiving from Poveray two day's wages. The men of the 
 bishopric at first declined to obey the order. They held their
 
 6 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 land under the tenure of " Haliwork," or holy-work z>., prayer and 
 the defence and protection of the body of St. Cuthbert, and considered 
 themselves exempt from liability to march beyond the confines of the 
 bishopric to fight for either king or prelate. Finally, a certain 
 number of them consented to accept the summons, receiving the 
 king's pay, but without prejudice to their franchise ; and they 
 mustered at Gateshead as directed. The king himself came to 
 Newcastle on the 7th of May with his queen, and committing her to 
 the care of the prior of Tynemouth, headed his army into Scotland, 
 which country, Stirling Castle excepted, rapidly submitted to his 
 power. His Majesty spent the winter at Dunfermline. 
 
 Dating from Newcastle on the 7th May, the king issued writs for 
 a conference to be held at York on the 25th June. He has been 
 given to understand, say the writs, that divers merchants of the 
 kingdom are willing to pay the "new prestations and customs," 
 which are paid by the merchants strangers, as a consideration for 
 being quit from "prises," and for enjoying such privileges as had been 
 granted to the aliens. [Foreign merchants were exempted from 
 prisage, murage, pontage, etc., in consideration of paying the duties 
 afterwards called the petty customs.] The king wishes a " colloqium " 
 to be held with the merchants on the premises. Wherefore two 
 or three citizens from every city, and two or three burgesses from 
 every borough, are to meet the council at York, with full power from 
 the communities of the cities and boroughs to do and receive what 
 should be then . ordained. Among the citizens and burgesses who 
 went to the conference were Peter Graper and Richard Emeldon, 
 representing the town of Newcastle. The " colloqium " did not bear 
 out the king's expectations. With one voice and consent the citizens 
 and burgesses refused to agree to the customs granted by the 
 merchants strangers, or any other except those anciently due and 
 payable. 
 
 In a list of the metes and bounds of the common of pasture 
 established this year between the king's subjects and the people 
 of Anthony Bek, bishop of Durham, the following local items 
 appear : Encroachments Of the land of Gilbert Gategang, in the 
 plain of Gateshead, a road made through his field, from his dunghill 
 towards Tame [Team], which contains half-an-acre ; of the land of 
 John Gategang, at Cokstrother, in Gateshead, six acres ; of the land 
 of William Yungesswen, in the same place, ten acres ; of the land 
 of Wm. Quelwrith, in the same place, eight acres. Releases John 
 Turald, of Newcastle, has released all the right that he had to 
 common of pasture in the approvements of wastes made by the 
 bishop in Newton for twelve acres of land in the plain of Whitburn ;
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 7 
 
 William Redhowe [Redheugh], the like in the common of lands 
 newly approved in the wastes of Gateshead, for twelve and a-half 
 acres of land to hold by charter of the bishop, at 45. 2d. yearly. 
 
 1304. 
 
 32 and 33 EDWARD I. 
 Bishop of Durham Anthony Bek. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs of Newcastle till MicJiaelmas Uncertain. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs elected at Michaelmas : 
 
 Mayor Peter Graper. 
 
 ( Nicholas Carliol, Richard Emeldon, 
 
 **'*' \ Thomas Frismarisco, John Corane. 
 
 Brand alters the mayor's name to Peter " Draper " without assign- 
 ing any reason for the change. The name of Graper frequently 
 occurs in Newcastle history about this period, as that of mayor and 
 M.P. It was probably derived from the graper or covering for the 
 gripe of a lance. 
 
 HE king having conquered the last stronghold of the 
 Scots Stirling Castle came by easy stages, suitable 
 to his growing infirmities, to his queen at Tynemouth. 
 The monks there, availing themselves of the royal 
 presence and favour, obtained from the victorious 
 monarch a license to hold a fair annually in their manor of Tyne- 
 mouth, on the eve and feast of St. Oswin (2Oth August), and for 
 thirteen days following, unless the same should be to the injury of 
 neighbouring fairs. 
 
 April I. 
 
 Nicholas Carliol, and Thomas, son of Hugh Carliol, appointed to 
 be the collectors in Newcastle, and along the coast as far as Berwick, 
 of the new customs granted to the king by the merchants strangers. 
 
 May $. 
 
 License of mortmain granted by Edward I., to enable John Lisle, 
 on payment of iocs., to devise to the master and brethren of the 
 Virgin Mary Hospital in the Westgate, a messuage, four shops, a rent 
 of 1 6s., and a messuage with appurtenances, which Dionysia, widow 
 of Lawrence Swayn, held of John Lisle as her dower, and which 
 reverted to him at her death.
 
 8 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 University College, Oxford, appears to have had considerable 
 property in Newcastle at this time. "In some ancient writings 
 belonging to that worthy gentleman, the Rev. Mr. Smith of Melsonby," 
 writes Bourne, " I find that several houses in this street (Fleshmarket), 
 paid an annual rent to University College, in Oxford ; one of them in 
 particular, nigh the churchyard, paid 6s. in the year 1304, and so did 
 many houses in the other streets of the town to the same College." 
 
 " In the thirty-second year of his reign," the king sent his mandate 
 to the mayor and bailiffs of Newcastle, stating, that in part payment 
 of wages due to John Sweetapple, and Stephen Troye, masters of two 
 barges of Yarmouth, and their companions, for services during the war, 
 he had given and conceded to them a barge, with all its tackle, which 
 lately had been sent to Newcastle ; and commanding the mayor and 
 bailiffs to value the same by the oaths of good and lawful men, and 
 without delay forward the valuation, under their seal, to the treasurer 
 and barons of the exchequer. 
 
 1305. 
 
 33 and 34 EDWARD I. 
 Bishop of Durham Anthony Bek. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 Peter Graper Mayor. 
 
 Nicholas Carliol, Richard Emeldon, ] 
 
 Thomas Frismarisco, John Corane, / 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs elected at Michaelmas : 
 Mayor Peter Graper. 
 
 .,. ( Nicholas Scott, Thomas Frismarisco, 
 
 "*' ( Nicholas Carliol, William Ogle. 
 
 HE king summoned parliament to meet at West- 
 minster on the 1 6th February, and, by prorogation, 
 on the 28th of that month. The burgesses of New- 
 castle were represented by 
 
 Peter Graper and Thomas Frismarisco. 
 
 June 7. 
 
 At the assizes held at Durham at Whitsuntide, Richard Hotoun, 
 the prior of Durham, preferred a charge against Bishop Bek and John
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 9 
 
 Gategang, for unjust dis-seisin of four acres of moorland and pasture 
 in Heworth. The bishop, by Richard Stanlawe, his bailiff, pleaded 
 that the lands were in Gateshead, and not in Heworth, and belonged 
 to the church, and not to the convent. A jury was summoned, and 
 it was found that the prior was right, that John Gategang had added 
 the land to the adjoining wastes of Gateshead, which he held of the 
 bishop, and restitution was ordered damage, one mark. A similar 
 case against the bishop, and Roger Esh, John Brand, William 
 Leaute, and John Gubuyn for dis-seisin of other land in Heworth 
 was decided in the prior's favour. 
 
 June . 
 
 The mayor and burgesses of Newcastle petitioned the king, that 
 the fair which he had granted to the monks of Tynemouth was 
 prejudicial to the town, because certain vessels which formerly came 
 there, and from which the king received custom, discharged their 
 cargoes at Tynemouth. [See p. 7.] A writ was issued to the sheriff 
 of Northumberland, reciting the king's grant, and stating that 
 the burgesses of Newcastle had represented to his Majesty the serious 
 loss that would accrue to him and to them, because ships laden with 
 wine, fish, and other merchandise, which ought to come there for sale, 
 plied during the time of the fair at Tynemouth and Shields, whereby 
 the king lost his prisage, murage, and other customs, and the 
 burgesses lost the tolls and other customs pertaining to their fee farm. 
 The sheriff was therefore commanded to hold an inquiry and report 
 to the king. On the i6th June an inquiry was accordingly held at 
 Morpeth, when it was found that the fair would not be to the king's 
 prejudice unless the town of Newcastle was in his own hands, and 
 then it would prejudice him, because the Newcastle men would go to 
 Tynemouth and convey their merchandise and wares there purchased 
 to Newcastle, instead of buying in Newcastle. In the parliament 
 held at Carlisle just before the king's death, the grant was revoked. 
 
 August 23. 
 
 Sir William Wallace was hung, drawn, and quartered as a traitor 
 at the Elms, in West Smithfield, London. His upper right quarter 
 was publicly set up in Newcastle, and the other quarters were ex- 
 hibited in Berwick, Perth, and Aberdeen. 
 
 A benefaction to the Virgin Mary Hospital was given this year 
 by Robert Tunnikysiman, and Matilda, his wife. Bourne mentions it 
 without giving details. The witnesses to the deed conveying the 
 property or rent-charge, or whatever it may have been, are Peter 
 Graper, the mayor, Nicholas Scott, one of the bailiffs, and Walter
 
 io NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 Cowgate, and Richard Emeldon, both of whom had been bailiffs in 
 previous years. 
 
 License from the king (33 Edward I.) to Henry Scott, on pay- 
 ment of ten marks, to give and assign six marks of rent in the town 
 of Newcastle to a certain chaplain, to celebrate the divine office daily 
 in the church of St. John, in the same town. 
 
 Peter Graper, mayor of Newcastle, gave 2s. per annum to the 
 chaplain that waited upon the altar of the Virgin in St. Nicholas' 
 Church, which was situated in the porch known since the Reformation 
 as St. Mary's porch or chapel. The deed of foundation is said to 
 have been embezzled by Thomas Ireland, one of the chaplains. 
 
 This year Alan Langton, burgess of Newcastle and Berwick, 
 became lord of Wynyard and Redmershill, in right of his wife, 
 Katherine, daughter of Sir John L'Isle. 
 
 1306. 
 
 34 and 35 EDWARD I. 
 Bishop of Durham Anthony Bek. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs of Newcastle till MicJiaelmas : 
 Peter Graper Mayor. 
 
 Nicholas Scott, Thomas Frismarisco, ") 
 
 Nicholas Carliol, William Ogle, j" Baill ff s < 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs elected at Michaelmas : 
 Mayor Richard Emeldon. 
 
 William Ogle, 
 ' 1 Adam Galloway, Thomas Frismarisco. 
 
 N a parliament summoned to meet at Westminster on 
 the 3<Dth May, Newcastle was represented by 
 
 Peter Graper and Gilbert Fleming. 
 
 Judgment was given by this parliament against 
 the Prior of Tynemouth, who had built a shore at 
 North Shields, within the flood mark. The prior was ordered to 
 remove the shore at his own cost.
 
 FO UR TEE NTH CENTUR K 1 1 
 
 Robert Bruce killed his rival, John Comyn, in the church of the 
 Friars Minor at Dumfries, and was crowned at Scone on the 25th 
 March. King Edward marched to the Borders, and from Lanercost 
 issued a proclamation pronouncing death against all who had parti- 
 cipated in the murder. Several adherents of Bruce were caught and 
 hanged ; amongst them his brother-in-law, Christopher Seyton. 
 John Seyton, Christopher's brother, was conducted to Newcastle and 
 there hanged. Bruce was excommunicated. 
 
 August ii. 
 
 The bishops of St. Andrews and of Glasgow, and the abbot of 
 Scone, appear to have passed through Newcastle on this date as 
 prisoners, on their way to Nottingham Castle. In the Fadera is an 
 order for conducting them into England, "and for bringing them 
 safely and securely from Newcastle-on-Tyne, as far as the castle 
 of Nottingham." The day's journeys are marked Thursday, the 
 morrow of St. Lawrence, from Newcastle to the castle of Durham, 
 and so on to the end of the journey. 
 
 October 6. 
 
 The archbishop of York and the bishop of Ely, on the Thursday 
 after Michaelmas Day, held a court by papal mandate at the church 
 of the Dominicans or Black Friars, near the Westgate, Newcastle, 
 and took the evidence of various persons from Scotland touching the 
 relics preserved at Scone. The certificate to the Pope bears date 
 8th October. 
 
 The king granted a license of mortmain to Bartholomew Patun 
 of Newcastle, and Christiana, his wife, to assign to the prior and 
 brethren of St. Augustine, a certain place adjoining their house, 
 about 200 feet long, and 24 feet wide, for the purpose of enlarging 
 their burial ground. 
 
 The staple produce of Tyneside was in such disfavour, that the 
 king issued a proclamation forbidding the burning of coal in London 
 and the suburbs. Stow chronicles the prohibition of it in his 
 quaint style: "This year, 1306, upon sundry complaints of the 
 clergy and nobility resorting to the city of London, touching the 
 great annoyance and danger of contagion growing by reason of 
 the stench of burning sea-coal, which divers fire-makers in Southwark, 
 Wapping, and East Smithfield, now used to make their common fires, 
 because of the cheapness thereof, and to forbear the burning of 
 bauins [faggots] and fire-coal ; the king expressly commanded the 
 mayor and sheriffs of London forthwith to make proclamation, that
 
 12 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 all those fire-makers should cease their burning of sea-coal, and make 
 their fires of such fuel of wood and coal as had been formerly used, 
 Thus much I found in the record, the which I thought very necessary 
 to set down to show the difference of former time, with the necessity 
 of that firing to be now so generally used, which at that time was so 
 much misliked and avoided, not only of the better sort, but even of 
 the common people. Whereas at this day viz., in the year 1612, etc., 
 the foresaid sea-coal, and pit-coal is become the general fuel of this 
 Britain Island, used in the houses of the nobility, clergy, and gentry 
 in London, and in all the other cities and shires of this kingdom, as 
 well for dressing of meat, washing, brewing, dyeing, as otherwise." 
 
 1307. 
 
 35 EDWARD I. i EDWARD II. 
 
 Bishop of Durham Anthony Bek. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 
 Richard Emeldon Mayor. 
 Nicholas Scott, William Ogle, ^ 
 
 Adam Galloway, Thomas Frismarisco, J Baili ff s - 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs elected at Michaelmas : 
 Mayor Richard Emeldon. 
 
 Bailiffs i RJchard Acton, William Burnton, 
 
 ' ( Adam Durham, Thomas Frismarisco. 
 
 This is Bourne's List amended by Brand ; but a deed quoted in 
 Collectanea Topographica et Genealogica, vol. iv., p. 84, contains the 
 signatures of Richard Emeldon, mayor, and Nicholas Scott, Thomas 
 Tindale, Adam Durham, and Thomas Frismarisco, bailiffs. 
 
 ARLIAMENT was summoned to meet at Carlisle on 
 the 20th January. The burgesses of Newcastle were 
 represented by 
 
 Nicholas Scott and John Scott. 
 
 At a subsequent parliament, the first of King Edward II., held at 
 Northampton, the members for Newcastle were 
 
 Gilbert Fleming and Peter Fisher. 
 
 King Edward I. had been detained all the winter at Lanercost by 
 a serious attack of illness ; but in the summer of this year he caused
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 13 
 
 himself to be carried to Carlisle on a litter. Incensed at the progress 
 of the Scots, he mounted on horseback on the 2d July, and gave 
 orders to proceed to the borders. In four days he reached Burgh-on- 
 Sands, a distance of six miles, and on the ?th July he died, in the 
 sixty-ninth year of his age. Prince Edward, who was in London 
 when his father expired, was proclaimed king, by the title of 
 Edward II. 
 
 The house and gardens of the Carmelites, or White Friars, at the 
 Wall Knoll had been seriously disturbed by the construction of the 
 new walls round Newcastle, and one of the last acts of Edward I. 
 was to give the Carmelites, as compensation, some property on 
 the Tut-hill, overhanging the Close, belonging to the Friars of the Sac, 
 or Penance of Jesus Christ. Of this fraternity, only one brother, 
 Walter Carleton remained, and the charter contained a provision 
 binding the White Friars to support Carleton, in a way becoming his 
 rank, during the rest of his life. 
 
 November 5. 
 
 Thomas Clerk and Thomas Tindale appointed to collect at 
 Newcastle the new customs upon wine granted by the merchant 
 vintners of Aquitaine. 
 
 November 28. 
 
 Date of a commission appointing assessors and collectors of the 
 twentieth and fifteenth, granted respectively by the counties and the 
 boroughs one-half to be paid 26th March, and the other half 25th 
 June 1308. In cities and boroughs like Newcastle, the assessors were 
 to except one suit for the man and another for the woman, and a bed 
 for both ; a ring, a buckle of gold or silver, a girdle of silk in daily 
 use, and a drinking cup, or stoup, whether of silver or wood. Goods 
 of lepers were not to be taxed, unless they were ruled by a clean 
 superior ; goods of people dwelling in cities and boroughs whose value 
 did not exceed fifteen shillings, were to be exempted from the 
 taxation. 
 
 December 15. 
 
 It had been secretly resolved by the king and his council, that all 
 the Knights Templars in England should be arrested on the loth 
 January, and writs were this day issued to the various sheriffs com- 
 manding them to bring certain discreet and trustworthy men of their 
 counties to the towns named therein, on the morrow of the Epiphany, 
 8th January 1308, where the sheriffs were to receive from sworn clerks, 
 other writs, whose contents they were not to disclose, and the men 
 with them were to take an oath of secrecy. The writ to the sheriff of 
 Northumberland directed him to bring ten men to Newcastle, and the
 
 i 4 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 secret instructions were, that he and his men should attach, or take 
 in custody all the Knights Templars within his district, seize all their 
 goods, chattels, and writings, and make a return of the same to the 
 exchequer. 
 
 1308. 
 
 i and 2 EDWARD II. 
 Bishop of Durham Anthony Bek. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs of Newcastle till MicJiaelinas : 
 Richard Emeldon Mayor. 
 
 Nicholas Scott, Adam Durham, \ 
 
 Thomas Frismarisco, Thomas Tindale, / l 1 JJ 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs elected at Michaelmas : 
 Mayor Nicholas Carliol. 
 
 Bail'ff f Thomas Frismarisco, 
 ' ( Thomas Tindale, 
 
 Adam Durham, 
 and another. 
 
 ARLIAMENT was summoned to meet at Westminster 
 on the 3d of March. No returns of the members can 
 be found. 
 
 May 20. 
 
 Date of a deed by which Alan Langton, and 
 Katherine, his wife, gives to Ingram of Colonya (Coldingham ?), 
 burgess of the town of Newcastle, and Johanna, his wife, all that 
 messuage, with buildings, etc., in the Close, Newcastle, in fee of Baliol, 
 lying between the land of Thomas Frismarisco, which formerly 
 belonged to Peter, son of Sampson ; and the land of John Crow, 
 formerly belonging to Simon with the Beard, and extending in length 
 from the king's highway to the Grimddewe [ground-ebb?] of the 
 Tyne ; also a garden in the street called " Ratonne Rawe," in the 
 same fee, which lies in breadth between land formerly belonging to 
 Henry Witche, on the one part, and land formerly belonging to 
 Dionysia Benet, on the other part, and in length from the king's 
 highway to land formerly belonging to Peter Crow. Witnesses 
 Richard Emeldon, chief bailiff, Nicholas Scott, Thomas Frismarisco, 
 Thomas Tindale, and Adam Durham, bailiffs ; Adam Galloway, 
 Gilbert Fleming, John Pandon, William Burnton, William Herring, 
 and others. Raton Rawe, appears to have led from the Cloth
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 15 
 
 Market to the Westgate. Brand quotes from an ancient MS.: 
 "Newgate shall have in ward all Raton-Rawe, as it opens toward 
 the pillory in Cloth Market, with them that dwell in the north side of 
 St. Nicholas, upon that east rawe of the Cloth Market unto the 
 Overdene Brig end." And under the head of " Westgate," he adds : 
 "From the Westgate there is a little street called Ratten Rawe." 
 Hodgson remarks that this name, which is not uncommon in various 
 parts of the kingdom, has had a good deal of ink and oil expended 
 over it as solvents. In his opinion it is derived from the German 
 word " rotten " a tumultuous and rebellious concourse of people, and 
 is the same as " rout " in English and French that is to say, the scene 
 of a riot. Camden derives it from " rotteran," to muster ; hence 
 Muster Row. Dr. Brewer quotes another derivation, which is rather 
 plausible the Norman " Ratten Row," or roundabout way, being the 
 way corpses were carried to avoid the public streets. 
 
 November 8. 
 
 Died at Cologne, at the early age of thirty-four, John Duns, better 
 known as Duns Scotus. The honour of giving him birth has been 
 claimed for Scotland and Ireland ; but several authorities agree that 
 he was a native of Northumberland, and received a part of his 
 education in the monastery of the Grey Friars, near Pilgrim Street 
 Gate, Newcastle. He wrote many learned books on theology ; so 
 many, indeed, and so learned, that " one man is hardly able to read 
 them, and no one man is able to understand them." His works were 
 published at Lyons in 1636, in twelve folio volumes. 
 
 December 5. 
 
 Date of a commission appointing collectors at Newcastle, and 
 other ports, of the new customs upon wine, agreed to be paid by 
 certain English merchants, in order that they may be free from 
 prisage. Two shillings per ton is to be levied upon such English 
 merchants as are willing to pay the same of their own accord, and 
 without coercion ; but no one to be compelled to pay such customs 
 against his will. The collectors are also empowered to take the 
 king's prisage from such merchants as object to pay the duty of 2s. 
 per ton. For both customs and prisage, the collectors are to answer 
 in the exchequer, by the hands of Henry Say, the king's butler. 
 Collectors in Newcastle Thomas Clerk and Thomas Tindale. 
 
 In a suit against the merchant adventurers of Newcastle, 
 William Sadler, and ten others, plaintiffs, " recovered 5O/. damages 
 of Nicholas Carliol, and other burgesses of the gild mart," for the rest 
 of the poor burgesses of the town.
 
 1 6 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 1309. 
 
 2 and 3 EDWARD II. 
 Bishop of Durham Anthony Bek. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 Nicholas Carliol Mayor. 
 
 Thomas Frismarisco, Adam Durham, | 
 
 Thomas Tindale, and another, J Batll ff s - 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs elected at Michaelmas : 
 Mayor Nicholas Carliol. 
 
 B Tff f Thomas Frismarisco, Thomas Tindale, 
 ' 1 Gilbert Fleming, Adam Durham. 
 
 A deed in the Collectanea, before quoted, substitutes Thomas 
 Carliol for Thomas Frismarisco, as one of the bailiffs. 
 
 Members returned to serve in parliament for Newcastle this 
 year : 
 
 John, son of Henry Scott, and Gilbert Hawkin. 
 
 June 27. 
 
 RIT from the king to the collectors of customs in 
 Newcastle and other ports, commanding them to 
 pay the customs to Emericus and Bettinus, Frisco- 
 baldis [merchants of the company of the Friscobaldi 
 of Florence], who have been appointed general 
 receivers of all monies arising from the customs of wine, woollen 
 clothes, spicery, avoirdupois, silken stuffs, horses, and other beasts, and 
 all other smaller articles, payable by the merchants strangers, and 
 by such of the English merchants as were willing to give the same ; 
 and also of all the customs, old and new, upon wools, woolfells, and 
 hides, throughout England, Scotland, and Ireland. 
 
 July 30. 
 
 Order from the king at Stamford, to the archbishop of York, the 
 bishop of Durham, and 12 other bishops, 25 abbots, abbesses, and 
 priors, and 275 lords, knights, esquires, etc., to be at Newcastle on 
 Michaelmas Monday, with horses, arms, and all the service due to 
 the crown, to proceed against the Scots. 
 
 August 5. 
 Similar order from the same place to various county authorities,
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. i; 
 
 and amongst them to William Felton, Richard Horsley, and the 
 sheriff of Northumberland, to elect forty men of the county to be at 
 Newcastle on the 3d October, armed, etc., and proceed thence to 
 Berwick. The bishop of Durham is to send to Newcastle on the 
 same day three hundred foot soldiers from his liberty of Durham, 
 and two hundred from his liberty of north Tynedale ; and the arch- 
 bishop of York a hundred men and one constable from his liberty 
 of Hexham. The king promises to send one of his clerks to New- 
 castle to pay the men their wages from the day they leave home 
 till their arrival at Berwick. The clerk so appointed was William 
 Stoweford. On the 28th August the muster was postponed till 
 the 23d October; and on the nth September the bishop of Durham 
 and archbishop of York were enjoined not to proceed with the raising 
 of the troops required of them. 
 
 August 20. 
 
 Writ from the king to the collectors in Newcastle (Nicholas 
 Carliol, and Thomas, son of Hugh Carliol), and other ports, of the 
 new customs on cloth, avoirdupois, and wines, belonging to merchants 
 strangers, ordering that the collection shall cease until further direc- 
 tions. The writ states that this order is given in compliance with 
 a request from the communities of the kingdom. The collection 
 was resumed in August 1310. 
 
 A patent was issued under the great seal confirming to the brethren 
 of the order of St. Augustine in Newcastle certain land in Cowgate 
 granted to them by William Ros. By another patent this year the 
 king gave for the enlargement of the premises belonging to this order 
 some messuages in Newcastle belonging to Robert Middleton, who 
 had been attainted of treason. 
 
 1310. 
 
 3 and 4 EDWARD II. 
 
 Bishops of Durham Anthony Bek and Richard Kellawe. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 
 Nicholas Carliol Mayor. 
 
 Thomas Carliol, Thomas Tindale, ) 
 
 Gilbert Fleming, Adam Durham, j 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs elected at Michaelmas Uncertain. Bourne 
 repeats those above written.
 
 1 8 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 [N Stowe's Survey of London a monument is mentioned 
 as still remaining in the church of St. James's, Garlick- 
 hill, to the memory of " Robert de Gabeter [or 
 Gavesor], mayor of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 1310;" but 
 no such name is known at this time in local history. 
 Nearly a hundred years later (1401) one Robert Gobefore occurs as a 
 merchant in Newcastle, when Henry IV. revoked letters patent 
 granted to "Roger Thornton, Wm. Essington, Robert Gobefore, 
 William Langton, and William Middleton, merchants of the town of 
 Newcastle-on-Tyne, and their companions." This Gobefore, or 
 Gabiford, was a shipowner, partner with Roger Thornton and others 
 in the ship Good Year ; and his name appears in the foundation deed 
 of Dolfanby's chantry, at Gateshead, in 1421. He may have been 
 the mayor elected at Michaelmas 1410, which year is one of Bourne's 
 "the same's." But that is mere conjecture. He certainly appears to 
 have been an influential burgess, for his name occurs as one of the 
 representatives of the corporation in a dispute between the burgesses 
 and the bishop of Durham, the trial of which was ordered by the 
 king in June 1409. 
 
 The king visited Newcastle for the first time after his accession. 
 He arrived on the 1st of September, was at Auckland on the 2d, at 
 Kepier on the 3d, returned to Newcastle on the 6th, and stayed till 
 the 8th, when he went to Newminster for three or four days, on his 
 way to the Borders. He wintered at Berwick, remaining there from 
 the 1st November till the 3Oth July 1311. 
 
 March 3. 
 
 Bishop Bek died at his manor-house of Eltham. " His life," says 
 Surtees, " was spent in the court and in the camp, and he bore a 
 prominent part in the important transactions which marked the 
 reign of Edward I. In 1307 this ambitious prelate obtained from 
 Edward II. a grant of the regal dignity of the Isle of Man. He had 
 already received from Rome the titular patriarchate of Jerusalem, 
 and his haughty spirit was now gratified by the accumulated dignities 
 of bishop, count palatine, patriarch, and king. The palatine power 
 reached its highest elevation under his splendid pontificate. Sur- 
 rounded by his officers of state, or marching at the head of his troops, 
 in peace or in war, he appeared as the military chief of a powerful 
 and independent franchise. The court of Durham exhibited all the 
 appendages of royalty ; nobles addressed the palatine sovereign 
 kneeling, and, instead of menial servants, knights waited in his 
 presence-chamber and at his table, bareheaded and standing. His
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 19 
 
 high birth gave him a natural claim to power, and he possessed every 
 popular and splendid quality which could command obedience or excite 
 admiration. In the munificence of his public works he rivalled the 
 greatest of his predecessors. Anthony Bek was the first prelate of 
 Durham who was buried within the walls of the cathedral. His pre- 
 decessors had been restrained from sepulture within the sacred edifice 
 by a reverential awe for the body of the holy confessor ; and on this 
 occasion, from some motive of superstition, the corpse was not allowed 
 to enter the doors, although a passage was broken through the wall 
 for its reception, near the place of interment." Richard Kellawe, a 
 monk in the monastery at Durham, where he discharged the office of 
 sub-prior, was elected bishop, and on the nth April royal assent was 
 given to his appointment. 
 
 May 28. 
 
 Release from Nicholas Terry, chaplain, son of the late Gervase 
 Feux of Newcastle, to Thomas Silksworth, burgess of Newcastle, of 
 all right which he ever had in land with buildings in Pilgrim Street, 
 lying between land formerly Thomas Depynge's, and land formerly 
 Roger Whyngham's. Witnesses Nicholas Carliol, chief bailiff, 
 Thomas Carliol, Gilbert Fleming, Thomas Tindale, and Adam 
 Durham, bailiffs ; Robert Coke or Cook, Roger Tunnok, Thomas 
 Tinctor, and others. 
 
 June 1 8. 
 
 Order from the king, at Westminster, to Peter Draper and Robert 
 Tymper, to supply him with two ships from Newcastle, and one ship 
 each from Hartlepool and Newby [Newbiggin ?], for service against 
 the Scots, at the cost of the said towns. The king announces his 
 intention to be at Berwick at the nativity of the Virgin, 8th September. 
 
 December 12. 
 
 Walter, bishop of \Vorcester, the chancellor, departed from 
 Newcastle, and proceeded to the king at Berwick. Upon his depar- 
 ture, and pursuant to the king's command, he delivered the great seal 
 to Adam Osegodeby, keeper or master of the Rolls, to be kept under 
 the seals of Robert Bardelby and Geoffrey Welford, in order that the 
 said Adam should perform what belonged to the said office until the 
 chancellor's return. And on the Saturday following, the iQth December, 
 the chancellor returned to Newcastle and received the great seal from 
 the said Adam, under the seals of the said Robert and Geoffrey, and 
 in their presence he sealed writs with the same.
 
 SECOND DECADE 1311-20. 
 
 4 and 5 EDWARD II. 
 Bishop of Durham Richard Kellawe. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs of Newcastle till Michaelmas Uncertain. 
 
 (See 1310.) 
 
 ... J Thomas Carliol, 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs elected at Michaelmas : 
 Mayor Richard Emeldon. 
 
 Adam Durham, 
 I Thomas Frismarisco, and another. 
 
 ARLIAMENT was summoned to meet in London 
 on the 8th August, when 
 
 Richard Emeldon (the coming Mayor), 
 
 and 
 Nicholas Carliol (the late Mayor), 
 
 represented Newcastle, and attended from that date till the 9th 
 October. It was prorogued and re-summoned for the I2th Novem- 
 ber, but the members for Newcastle at that date do not appear in 
 the return. 
 
 Edward II. left Berwick on the 3Oth July, and was at Durham on 
 the ist August, so that he would probably pass through Newcastle 
 on the 3 ist July. 
 
 April 20. 
 
 The king appoints John, "atte Gore," to be the deputy in the 
 town of Newcastle of Walter Waldeshef, his chief butler, and orders 
 the bailiffs of the town to confer with him respecting all matters 
 pertaining to that office.
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 21 
 
 April 26. 
 
 In a deed dated this day, a rent of I2d. a-year from a house 
 in Pilgrim Street occurs as payable to the keeper of the chapel and 
 bridge of Tyne. 
 
 August i. 
 
 The burgesses of Newcastle having lent the king 633/1 6s. 8d., 
 were allowed by a writ bearing this date, to deduct a discount out of 
 the fee farm of the town, and to continue the same until the principal 
 amount should be refunded. 
 
 October 9. 
 
 Writ addressed to John Clavering and others, commanding them 
 to repair to Newcastle with men-at-arms (Clavering was to bring 
 thirty), so that they may be there at latest on the 3d November, ready 
 to proceed against the Scots. The king will send John Weston, his 
 clerk, to pay him and the others their wages so long as they shall 
 remain in the marches on duty. On the same date a writ is sent to 
 the collectors of the new customs upon wools, wool-fells, hides, and 
 other merchandise in Newcastle and elsewhere, commanding them 
 to desist from the collection thereof. The writ is issued pursuant to 
 an ordinance made by the Lords Ordainers, that all customs and 
 maltolts levied since the coronation of Edward I. should be utterly 
 abolished, except half-a-mark upon each sack of wool, half-a-mark 
 upon every 300 wool-fells, and one mark upon each last of hides. 
 
 December 4. 
 
 The king issued a writ of levari facias, commanding the bishop 
 of Durham to send Thomas Herington, vicar of Hartburn, and 
 William Burdon, vicar of St. Nicholas', Newcastle, collectors of 
 fifteenths, to appear before the barons of the Exchequer at West- 
 minster, and render an account of their collections. The bishop replied 
 that Thomas Herington was dead, and William Burdon had gone to 
 Rome, and there remained. Burdon's living was sequestered, as will 
 appear hereafter. 
 
 December 29. 
 
 The great order of the Knights Templars having been suppressed, 
 the king committed the custody of their lands and tenements in 
 Northumberland and Durham to Gilbert Gategang [of Gateshead] 
 and the bishop of Coventry and Lichfield. (See I5th December 
 1307-) 
 
 Was written this year the Italian romance, Fortnnatns Siatlns, 
 by Busone da Gubbio. The adventurer or hero comes to England, 
 and narrates a supposed rebellion against Edward I., in which the
 
 22 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 conspirators take possession of the castles of Durham and New- 
 castle. Several fictitious names of persons present in Newcastle 
 are enumerated. 
 
 In the accounts of the receiver of the issues of the bishopric of 
 Durham from the death of Bishop Bek, a charge is made for keeping 
 1 6 fowls in the park of Gateshead, from the 26th March to the 2oth 
 May, in all seventy-seven days, at 2d per day, I2s. lod. 
 
 About this time (4 Edward II.) the king granted to John Gate- 
 gang, " our vacant place in Newcastle called the Gaolesgrippe " [Javel 
 Group], on payment of los. yearly, reserving on the east side of it 
 room for the passage of men and the mooring of boats, etc. 
 
 Adam Durham,) n . /vr 
 [ Bailiffs. 
 and another, J 
 
 1312. 
 
 5 and 6 EDWARD II. 
 Bishop of Durham Richard Kellawe. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 Richard Emeldon Mayor. 
 
 Thomas Carliol, 
 Thomas Frismarisco, 
 
 Mayor and Bailiff's elected at Michaelmas : 
 Mayor Richard Emeldon. 
 
 ... J Thomas Carliol, John Pandon, 
 
 ' i Gilbert Fleming, Henry Newton. 
 
 These names are confirmed by two deeds in the Collectanea. 
 The returns for Newcastle to the parliament that met this year 
 cannot be found. Brand states that 
 
 Gilbert Fleming 1 and John Keteringham 
 
 were the members. If so, they were re-appointed, for it is known 
 that they represented Newcastle in the following year. 
 
 | HE king was at Newcastle and Tynemouth from the 
 nth April to the 3d of May, having fled hither with 
 his favourite, Piers Gaveston. Thomas, Earl of Lan- 
 caster, and many nobles, had taken up arms to 
 compel the dismissal of Gaveston ; and as the king 
 refused to part with him, they assembled in considerable numbers and
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 23 
 
 set out on the march northward. The wardrobe account for the fifth 
 year of Edward II. contains entries which show what the monarch, 
 his queen, and the favourite were doing while they stayed here. For 
 example : April 26 " In oblations of the queen at the great altar in 
 the church of the Priory of Tynemouth, a cloth of gold." " To Master 
 William Burntoft, physician, for attendance in the illness of Lord 
 Peter de Gaveston, Earl of Cornwall, being ill, at Newcastle-upon- 
 Tyne, by gift of the king, under the name of his stipend, for his 
 attendance in this case, paid by the hands of the king himself at that 
 place, on the 26th day of April, 6/. 1 33. 4d." " To brother Robert de 
 Bermyngham, monk of Tynemouth, for similar medical attendance on 
 the same earl, by similar gift of the king, for his care in the same 
 way, by the king's own hands, 61. 135. 4d." April 27 "To Ralph 
 Cokele and Roger Cole, the masters of two ships of Southport, who 
 conducted the king by water from Tynemouth to Newcastle-upon- 
 Tyne, by gift from the king, under the name of stipend for their 
 labour, to each of them 2os., by the king's own hands." May 3 " In 
 offerings of the king at the shrine of St. Oswin, king and martyr, 
 in the conventual church of Tynemouth, by the hands of Master 
 John de Ocham, paying money for the king himself, 75." 
 
 On this last-named date, the king hearing of the approach of the 
 nobles, fled with his companion to Tynemouth, " where the queen, 
 then pregnant, and near her delivery, resided, and from whence, 
 having procured a vessel in the river Tyne, notwithstanding her tears 
 and entreaties not to abandon her in that place, he sailed with his 
 favourite to Scarborough Castle, where he left Gaveston, and repaired 
 himself into Warwickshire. The Earl of Lancaster, after he had 
 taken possession of Newcastle, sent to condole with the afflicted 
 queen, whom reasons of state forbade him to visit in person. The 
 Barons having entered Newcastle on the same day that it was 
 deserted by the king and his minion, seized the effects which their 
 great haste had prevented them from taking with them." In Gave- 
 ston's baggage were found many jewels of great value, which were, 
 after his death, restored to the king. (See February 1314.) 
 
 In the Fcedera (vol. ii., pt. i,p. 169) is a memorandum which affords 
 a little more information about these proceedings. It states that the 
 steward of the king's household, after the signing of the briefs, before 
 nine o'clock, at Newcastle, on Thursday, the feast of the Ascension 
 (May 4), brought with him the great seal of the king, under the seals 
 of Adam Osgodeby, Robert Bardleby, and William Armynn, to the 
 king himself at Tynemouth ; and the afternoon of the same day 
 came Lord Thomas, Earl of Lancaster, to the said town of Newcastle, 
 and Lord Henry Percy, Robert Clifford, and many others, with horses
 
 24 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 and arms in their company, and entered the said town, and stayed 
 there four days. And the king, on the morrow of the day of Ascen- 
 sion, left Tynemouth and went by ship to Scarborough. Gaveston 
 was executed on Blacklow Hill, near Warwick, on the pth June. 
 
 Shortly after his arrival in Newcastle namely, on the I7th of 
 April the king sent an order to the bishop of Durham, commanding 
 him to provide certain stores and provisions from his liberty of 
 Durham during the king's stay in Newcastle. Among the articles so 
 requisitioned are 600 quarters of corn, 800 quarters of malt, 1000 
 quarters of oats, 200 fat animals, 500 sheep, and 200 pigs. It is said 
 that the king was highly displeased with the bishop because he 
 refused to espouse the cause of his favourite. 
 
 January 14. - 
 
 John Havering, rector of Gateshead, seals at Putworth a docu- 
 ment appointing John Fitz Elys, rector of Mayne Sarcel, to be his 
 proctor, delegate, and commissary in all and singular causes touching 
 himself or his church, etc. 
 
 March 12. 
 
 Writ from the king at Westminster, to the mayor and bailiffs of 
 Newcastle (among others), ordering them to proclaim that his Majesty 
 intended to proceed into Scotland with his army, and that all 
 merchants and others who had corn, victuals, or arms to sell were to 
 reserve them for the use of the army, the king promising to make 
 due payment and give full satisfaction for the same. 
 
 March 21. 
 
 Mandate from the king to the mayor and bailiffs of Newcastle. 
 He has ordered Master John Weston, chamberlain of Scotland, to 
 affreight certain ships and barges in Newcastle, with men strongly 
 armed, foot soldiers, and victuals for the furnishing and defence of 
 Dundee, so that the ships and barges so provided may be at Holy 
 Island on Monday in Easter, and also that he shall select certain men 
 armed with aketons, haubergeons, and bacinetts, and send to the said 
 town of Dundee. The king commands that under penalty of for- 
 feiture, and all excuses set aside, the mayor and bailiffs shall assist 
 Weston by every means in their power ; and authorises them to pay 
 out of the fee farm of the town such money as in their discretion, 
 and that of Weston, and of the sheriff of Northumberland, to whom 
 he is writing, they shall think necessary for the affreighting and 
 preparation of the ships and barges, and for the wages of the men ; 
 so that the aforesaid business, which lies near to the king's heart, may 
 not be retarded by their default. And for the sum advanced from
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 25 
 
 the fee farm, the king will afterwards make due allowance. On the 
 same date a mandate is sent to the sheriff of Northumberland to assist 
 the mayor and bailiffs and John Weston, and if there is any deficiency 
 in the payment made by the town, he is to supply it from the proceeds 
 of his bailiwick. Similarly, Peter Swayn of Newcastle is commanded 
 that, setting aside all other business, he shall help Weston on behalf of 
 the king, as by him he shall be more fully enjoined. 
 
 March 26. 
 
 The bishop of Durham appoints James, master of the Western 
 Hospital of Newcastle [Virgin Mary Hospital] ; Nicholas, chaplain of 
 All Saints ; and Alan, parish chaplain of Gateshead, commissioners to 
 challenge, seek out, and win back clerks in the archdeaconry of 
 Northumberland, indicted, arrested, or criminally accused. 
 
 April 15. 
 
 Sequestration of the living of St. Nicholas', Newcastle. Bishop 
 Kellawe appoints Richard Cotes, official of the archdeacon of Nor- 
 thumberland, custodian of the fruits, revenues, and oblations. The 
 document is dated from Gateshead. The sequestration was relaxed 
 on the 24th February 1313. 
 
 April 30. 
 
 Date of a charter from the bishop of Durham to John Gategang 
 of thirty-three acres of land in Gateshead ; twenty-six acres in the 
 place called " Aldepark," and the remaining seven acres adjoining 
 the said place, to have and to hold, etc., on payment of 22s. yearly. 
 
 May 24. 
 
 John Trewyck conveyed to Nicholas Carliol formerly mayor 
 and M.P. for Newcastle all suit of his court, and of his mill of 
 Gesemuth [Jesmond], and all other services in respect of Carliol's 
 lands in Gesemuth town and field. The seal in white wax ; device, 
 apparently a bird displayed ; motto, Caput atmce sue. 
 
 June 4. 
 
 The fertile garden of the Black Friars, near the West Gate, had 
 been intersected by the town wall about Heber Tower, and on the 4th 
 June the king sealed a license empowering the brethren to make a 
 drawbridge of wood, five feet broad, giving them access over the 
 foss to the suburbs beyond. Where the garden wall formerly ran 
 paling was to be substituted, and both bridge and paling were to be 
 removed on the appearance of imminent danger.
 
 26 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD, 
 
 July 17. 
 
 The bishop writes from Richal to John Pollowe, or Pulhore, his 
 sequestrator, and William Kellawe, instructing them to hand over 
 to Hugh Mohant, master of St. Giles' Hospital, at Kepier, the tithes 
 of land first brought into tillage in the wastes of Gateshead. 
 
 July 23. 
 
 Mandate from the king at London to (amongst others) the 
 constable of the castle of Newcastle, to hold the same in safe and 
 secure custody, in view of the perils that threatened the peace of the 
 kingdom. 
 
 July 25. 
 
 Bull of Pope Clement V. confirming John Havering in the rectory 
 of Gateshead (formerly held by John Vallens or Wallens), out of 
 consideration for " that noble man " John Havering, knight, his uncle. 
 John Havering, knight, was one of ten persons appointed by parlia- 
 ment in 1304 to receive and answer petitions from Gascony, and a 
 person of the same name in 1301 joined in a letter sent to the pope 
 from the communities of England denying his claim to the superiority 
 of Scotland. 
 
 September 28. 
 
 John, called " Godesman," collated by Bishop Kellawe to the 
 hermitage of St. Cuthbert-upon-Tyne, " near our park," with all its 
 appurtenances, to hold the same during pleasure. 
 
 November 21. 
 
 Bishop Kellawe writes to the archdeacon of Durham that a 
 breach of sanctuary has been committed in the church of the Carmelite 
 Friars in Newcastle, by " certain sons of iniquity," who violently 
 carried away, in contempt of God and the liberties of the church, 
 certain persons who, for security, fled there, delivering them over to 
 the civil authorities, by whom they were executed. The bishop orders 
 that in every church and chapel of the archdeaconry, on every Sunday 
 and feast day, the bells being rung, and candles lit, the greater 
 excommunication shall be pronounced upon the offenders, and diligent 
 inquiry be made as to their names, and the names of their aiders and 
 abettors. Soon afterwards it was discovered that Nicholas Porter of 
 Newcastle was the culprit, and that John Keteryngham and others 
 had assisted him. Porter submitted, and received absolution from the 
 Papal nuncio, on condition of performing such penance as the Bishop 
 of Durham might order. The penance enjoined by the bishop was as 
 follows : From May to the end of the year [1313] Porter was to stand
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 27 
 
 every Sunday at the door of St. Nicholas' church, Newcastle, bare- 
 footed and bare-headed, and clad only in a linen gown, and in presence 
 of all the people declare, in the vulgar tongue, the nature of his 
 offence, admit the justice of his punishment, and receive a fustigation 
 [whipping or beating], at the hands of the parish chaplain. Thence 
 he was to proceed to the church of the Carmelites, repeat his con- 
 fession, and receive a like chastisement. Further, on Monday, 
 Tuesday, and Wednesday, in Whitsuntide, he was to repeat his 
 penance in full at the door of St. Nicholas' church in Durham, and 
 at the door of the cathedral. The punishment of John Keteringham 
 [the representative of Newcastle in parliament ?] does not appear. 
 Robert Luda, who connived at the outrage, received absolution in 
 
 November 26. 
 
 William Harewood, carpenter, and Juliana, his wife, grant to 
 Alan, the priest of Gateshead, all that messuage, with the appurten- 
 ances, in the vill of Gateshead, as the same adjoins the highway, 
 extending in length and breadth between a messuage of Henry, the 
 baker, on the one part, and a messuage of Robert Fitz Godrig, on 
 the other, without the tenements on the back thereof. To hold, etc. 
 Witnesses Thomas Bows, bailiff of Gateshead ; Gilbert Gategang ; 
 John Gategang ; Thomas Vaus ; Ralph Breddock ; William Allerton ; 
 John Colyer ; John Scholes, and others. 
 
 In the fifth year of his reign, the king ordered the collectors of 
 customs in Newcastle to pay out of their collections 53/., owing to 
 Ingram of Colonya, for 236 quarters of barley. 
 
 Bourne quotes under this year a custom of acknowledging fines 
 for lands, etc., in the Guildhall : " It appears by several records that 
 there has been an ancient custom within the said town of Newcastle- 
 upon-Tyne of acknowledging fines in the Guildhall of the said town 
 between the four benches therein ; and that the same has been 
 continued and usually practised, and is now frequently done. A fine 
 so acknowledged for lands or tenements within the said town being 
 by the custom of the same force and validity as a fine acknowledged 
 in any other manner ; and it is done so publicly, and before so many 
 persons, that the cognizors must be known to some of them, which 
 allows no opportunity for a fraud. And when a fine is to be acknow- 
 ledged by a wife, she is not only particularly examined in open court, 
 but also makes oath that what she does is freely and voluntarily 
 without any force or compulsion of her husband." (See an illus- 
 tration of this latter clause under date 2Oth January 1336.)
 
 2S NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 6 and 7 EDWARD II. 
 Bishop of Durham Richard Kellawe. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs of Neivcastle till Michaelmas : 
 Richard Emeldon Mayor. 
 
 John Pandon, ) n -,& 
 TT \Baihffs. 
 
 Henry Newton, ) 
 
 Thomas Carliol, 
 Gilbert Fleming, 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs elected at Michaelmas : 
 Mayor Richard Emeldon. 
 
 ..._ J John, son of Henry Scott, William Burnton, 
 ' I Thomas Frismarisco, John Elleker. 
 
 ARLIAMENT was summoned to meet at West- 
 minster on the 1 8th March. The electors of 
 Newcastle chose 
 
 Gilbert Fleming and John Keteringham 
 
 to be their representatives. A second parliament 
 
 i ViViij 1 1 1 1 it 
 
 met there on the 8th July, but no returns for New- 
 castle have been found. In a third parliament this year, which met 
 at Westminster on the 23d September, Newcastle was represented by 
 
 Thomas Carliol and Robert Surtees, 
 
 each of whom received 2s. a-day for his expenses from that date until 
 the 1 5th November. 
 
 January 1 7. 
 
 Date of a writ addressed to all the earls, barons, knights, and 
 men-at-arms who are about to assemble at Newcastle on the 
 Sunday next following, for the purpose of holding a tournament, 
 strictly enjoining them not to hold such tournament, either at New- 
 castle on that day, or at any other time or place, nor to seek 
 adventures, nor to exercise any other feat of arms, without the king's 
 special permission. 
 
 January 18. 
 
 The king, stating that he is indebted to William Felingg, 
 constable of Roxburgh Castle, in the sum of 3247. 43. 2d., in
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 29 
 
 arrears of his own pay, the pay of 36 esquires, 15 hobclars, 
 3 artificers, 20 cross-bowmen, and 5 1 archers, all retained by him ; 
 and also for the value of 4 horses belonging to John Seneschal, 
 Edmund Coupland, John Scott, and Ralph Tannyng, lost in the 
 wars, sends a writ to the assessors of talliage in Newcastle, ordering 
 them to pay Felingg 1247. 43. 2d. in part discharge of his debt, 
 out of the money collected from the town, taking his receipt for 
 the same. 
 
 February 16. 
 
 Mandate from the king at Westminster to all bailiffs, etc., 
 commanding them to allow free and safe passage through the 
 kingdom to forty men who are bringing to London the horses, 
 jewels, and other goods, which came into the hands of the Earl of 
 Lancaster at Newcastle [when the king fled from thence with 
 Piers Gaveston], and elsewhere, which goods the earl restores to the 
 Crown. The list of articles fills three folio columns in Rymer's 
 Fcedera, and most of the items represent valuable jewels. 
 
 February . 
 
 Date of a deed by which John Swinburne, knight, gives to " Sir " 
 Adam ColewelL chaplain, all that messuage, with buildings in 
 Pilgrim Street, Newcastle, situate between lands formerly belonging 
 to Thomas Silksworth, and the land of Adam Benton, knight, 
 which he (Swinburne) bought of Roger Kingston, burgess of New- 
 castle. To have and to hold, etc., for ever. Witnesses Richard 
 Emeldon, chief bailiff, Thomas, son of Hugh Carliol, Gilbert 
 Fleming, John Pandon, and Henry Newton, bailiffs ; Nicholas 
 Carliol, Robert Cook, Robert Halliwell, Roger Tunnok, and others. 
 The prefix " Sir " " Dominus " in the Latin to the name of a 
 chaplain will often occur in these annals, and it may be well to 
 explain at the outset that priests who had this title in England were 
 men not graduated in the university priests in orders but not in 
 degrees. They usually had charge of chantries founders of those 
 places preferring unbeneficed priests, as having more leisure to attend 
 to the special duties of saying masses for the repose of their souls. 
 In the Fair Maid of Perth Sir Walter Scott describes the position 
 of these clergymen in Scotland: "Sir Louis Lundin no military 
 man, but a priest and parson of St. John's, arrayed in his canonical 
 dress, and having his pen and ink before him. He was town clerk 
 of the burgh, and, like all the priests of the period (who were 
 called from that circumstance the Pope's knights), received the 
 honourable title of Dominus, contracted into Dom or Dan. or 
 translated into Sir, the title of reverence due to the secular chivalry."
 
 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 April 15. 
 
 Stephen Cambus, by letters patent, dated Newcastle, acknow- 
 ledged that he had received, by the hands of John of Plessy, 73. 6d. 
 in part payment of 6/. ios., in which Bartholomew Bennet, Walter 
 Brunton, William Prestwick, and the said John were bound to him 
 by writing, and of which sum the said John was adjudged by William 
 Burdon, vicar of Newcastle, and Master John Blenkow, to pay 153. 
 
 June 12. 
 
 Inquisition as to the right of patronage of the Clos Chapel, near 
 Whitchester. Among the jurors were Thomas Prudhoe and Peter 
 Gunnerton, procurators for the vicars of Newcastle and Tynemouth ; 
 Robert of North Gosforth, Thomas of South Gosforth, and John of 
 Heaton, chaplains ; and Hugh, parish chaplain of St. John's, New- 
 castle. They found that John Turpyn, lord of the vill of Whitchester, 
 was the true patron. 
 
 July 20. 
 
 Writ from the king to the bishop of Durham, ordering him to 
 distrain the goods of the following persons who had not paid their 
 fifteenths : Prior of Tynemouth, 20 marks ; prioress of Newcastle, 
 243. 4d. ; hospital of Gateshead, 243.; monks of Newcastle, i/s. pd. 
 The bishop's return to this writ shows that he obtained 123. from the 
 hospital of Gateshead, and sequestered the goods of the prior of 
 Tynemouth ; as to the prioress of Newcastle, and the monks of the 
 same, they had no ecclesiastical goods. 
 
 October 16. 
 
 A general pardon issued by the king at Westminster to all who 
 had taken part against Piers Gaveston. Among the pardoned are 
 the following persons, some of whom will be recognised as bailiffs, 
 ex-bailiffs, and prominent citizens of Newcastle and Gateshead : 
 
 Nicholas Scott, 
 John, son of Henry Scott, 
 Gilbert Gategang, 
 Nicholas Carliol, 
 William Burnton, 
 Adam Galloway, 
 
 Thomas Frismarays, 
 Gilbert Fleming, 
 Thomas Hawkin, 
 John Pandon, 
 Robert Halliwcll, 
 Henry Newton, 
 
 John Ellerker, 
 Robert Angerton, 
 Nicholas Ellerker, 
 Gilbert Ogle, 
 Richard Acton, 
 William Hawkin. 
 
 December g. 
 
 Memorandum in Bishop Kellawe's register, that on this day 
 William of Hebburn was directed to deliver to the Augustines at 
 Newcastle two quarters of corn from any convenient manor.
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 
 
 1314. 
 
 7 and 8 EDWARD II. 
 Bishop of Durham Richard Kellawe. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 Richard Emeldon Mayor. 
 
 William Burnton, ) .,.. 
 T u 1711 i \ Bailiffs. 
 
 John Elleker, 
 
 John Scott, 
 
 Thomas Frismarisco, John Elleker, j 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs elected at Michaelmas The same. This is on 
 the authority of a deed in the Collectanea, dated the i8th April 1315. 
 Bourne's List is as follows : 
 
 Mayor Thomas Carliol. 
 
 . ( Gilbert Fleming, 
 Bailiffs A T u r> j 
 
 ' ( John Pandon, 
 
 Henry Newton, 
 Adam Durham. 
 
 The evidence of a deed is conclusive as against Bourne's List, and 
 about the date of the document there can be no mistake, for it 
 is "dated at Newcastle the i8th day of April, in the year of the 
 reign of King Edward, son of King Edward the eighth." The eighth 
 of Edward II. commenced on the 8th July 1314, and ended on the 
 ;th July 1315. 
 
 ARLIAMENT was summoned to meet at West- 
 minster on the 2 ist April, but the war with Scotland 
 caused it to be postponed. It met at York on the 
 9th September, when 
 
 Nicholas Scott and Richard Emeldon 
 
 represented the burgesses of Newcastle, and were in 
 attendance from the Qth to the 27th of that month. 
 
 The king was in Newcastle in May on his route to Berwick, where 
 he assembled his army previous to the battle of Bannockburn. He 
 came from Durham on the 23d, returned thither next day, and on the 
 29th went to Newminster, where he stayed till the 8th June. His 
 Majesty paid a flying visit to the town on the 29th (five days after the 
 battle of Bannockburn), and left Berwick for the south on the i6th 
 July. Special prayers were offered in all the local churches for the 
 king and his army, and an indulgence of forty days was given to all 
 who prayed for their success.
 
 32 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 January . 
 
 About this time the king writes to the mayor and bailiffs of 
 Newcastle, stating that from information sent by the bishop of Carlisle, 
 he finds that that prelate and his predecessors possessed some houses 
 in the outskirts of the town, which houses, the mayor and bailiffs. 
 for the construction of the town wall, and the reparation of the ditch 
 of the town, had destroyed against the will of the bishop, and without 
 any satisfaction being offered to him. Orders compensation to be 
 given. 
 
 March 24. 
 
 Writs addressed to various nobles, reciting the summons to parlia- 
 ment on the 2 ist April, and stating that Robert Bruce and his 
 accomplices have lately attacked, taken, and destroyed various of the 
 king's towns, castles, and fortresses in Scotland and the marches, and 
 are preparing to invade the English marches, and to besiege the town 
 of Berwick ; that for the purpose of repelling the enemy, the king 
 purposes to be at Newcastle in three weeks of Easter, 28th April, 
 with horses and arms to resist them ; and that, therefore, he cannot 
 hold his parliament at the appointed time as he could have wished. 
 The nobles are affectionately required and requested having due 
 consideration for the king's honour and their own to prepare them- 
 selves with horses and arms, and repair to the king at Newcastle on 
 the day of muster, so that they may be ready to march against the 
 enemy. 
 
 The same day is dated a mandate from the king to the mayor and 
 bailiffs of Newcastle, stating that John Pelham, clerk marshal, has 
 deputed Alan Mountain to receive various stores and provisions in 
 Newcastle, as hay, oats, litter, and other necessaries for the king's 
 service, and ordering the mayor and bailiffs to find the said Alan 
 a house in which to store these things, and carriage for the same at 
 the king's cost. 
 
 June 24. 
 
 Battle of Bannockburn. The army which the king of England 
 assembled at Newcastle and Berwick consisted of 100,000 men, of 
 which 40,000 were horsemen. Northumberland furnished 2500, and 
 the bishopric of Durham 1500 men. By his conduct on this occasion 
 the bishop of Durham regained the favour of the king (which, it is 
 said, he had sacrificed because he did not declare publicly against the 
 barons and in favour of Piers Gaveston), for he not only supplied the 
 stipulated number of forces from the palatinate, although the men of 
 his liberty claimed exemption from service beyond Tyne and Tees,
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 33 
 
 but presented to the king a free gift of a thousand marks, and 
 " a gallant war-horse, or charger, of great price." 
 
 June 24. 
 
 The greater excommunication pronounced against certain un- 
 known sons of iniquity, who had stolen from the house of William 
 Whickham of Newcastle, money, plate, and other things. The 
 document is addressed to the dean and the parochial chaplains of the 
 municipality of Newcastle. 
 
 August 20. 
 
 Mandate from the king to the mayor and burgesses of Newcastle. 
 Whereas it had been from time immemorial a right and custom of 
 the bishop of Durham and his men to load and unload fish, flesh, 
 wood, coals, and all other vendibles in any part of the water of Tyne ; 
 and whereas the mayor and burgesses had unjustly hindered the 
 bishop's men, and compelled them to bring their ships and boats 
 to Newcastle, and there unload, doing grave injustice thereby to the 
 bishop and his people, and violating the liberties of the diocese. 
 The king commanded and ordained that the mayor and burgesses 
 should not continue these proceedings, but allow the ancient custom 
 to prevail ; and if they should venture, after this mandate, to arrest 
 any of the bishop's men in the aforesaid operations, they should make 
 restitution to the person so arrested, etc. 
 
 September 27. 
 
 King Edward sends to the bishop of Durham a complaint from 
 Richard Emeldon, Richard Aketone [Acton], Robert Halliwell of 
 Newcastle, and other merchants, that certain ships, outward bound 
 from Newcastle with wool and other goods, had been assailed on the 
 high seas, near Scarborough, by certain other vessels, whose names 
 are given, and a quantity of cargo, and one of the ships (belonging to 
 Newcastle) stolen. The bishop is ordered, in case the ship or the 
 goods abducted should come within his liberties, to hold it or them 
 till the king's further pleasure be known. 
 
 An inquiry into the condition of the northern fortresses was made 
 a short time previous to the battle of Bannockburn [John of Kenton 
 being sheriff of Northumberland] ; and it was reported that the castle 
 of Newcastle, and all the edifices round about it, were in good repair. 
 Sometime this year Nicholas Scott was appointed keeper of the castle, 
 and sheriff of the county of Northumberland.
 
 34 
 
 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 1315. 
 
 8 and 9 EDWARD II. 
 
 Bishop of Durham Richard Kellawe. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 Richard Emeldon Mayor. 
 
 John Scott, 
 Thomas Frismarisco, 
 
 William Burnton, ) 
 JohnElleker, ]**#& 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs elected at Michaelmas : 
 Mayor Richard Emeldon. 
 
 ( Thomas Frismarisco, 
 ff ' t Richard Acton, 
 
 Adam Durham, 
 John Pandon. 
 
 ARLIAMENT was summoned to meet at West- 
 minster on the 2Oth January. The sheriff of 
 Northumberland returned the writ with an en- 
 dorsement that all the knights in his jurisdiction 
 were not sufficient for the defence of the marches, 
 and that, having sent his mandate to the bailiffs 
 of Newcastle, the bailiffs had informed him that all 
 the burgesses of the town were scarcely equal to the defence of the 
 town, and therefore it was impossible to put the writ in force. 
 
 January 4. 
 
 " Ralph, son of William," appointed captain and custos of the 
 town of Newcastle, and the whole county of Northumberland, for 
 the purpose of defending the same against the Scots, who were 
 preparing to invade England. The sheriff of Northumberland, and 
 the mayor and bailiffs of Newcastle, are to co-operate with him. 
 Writs of assistance issued the same day to the sheriff of Northum- 
 berland, and all the archbishops, bishops, abbots, priors, earls, barons, 
 knights, and other lieges in the said county, and to the mayor, 
 bailiffs, and commonalty of the town of Newcastle. On the 23d 
 March Ralph was appointed captain and custos of Carlisle ; John 
 Mowbray was nominated to succeed him as captain and keeper of 
 Newcastle and Northumberland, and a writ of assistance was sent 
 on his behalf to the county of Northumberland and the town of 
 Newcastle.
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 35 
 
 MarcJi 9. 
 
 Writ issued by the king to the bishop of Durham commanding 
 him to send to Newcastle on Palm Sunday a thousand foot soldiers, 
 to be raised within his diocese, armed with bows and arrows, and 
 other munitions of war, to assist the king in repelling the Scots, 
 who, encouraged by the victory at Bannockburn, had invaded 
 Northumberland. On 1st April another writ was issued, ordering 
 the bishop to be at Newcastle on Whitsunday with horses and arms, 
 and on the day after Trinity Sunday to attend the council at York, 
 with his clergy or their procurators. 
 
 April 1 8. 
 
 Release from Alicia, widow of Nicholas Fawdon, to Lawrence 
 Denham, burgess of Newcastle, of all right in a messuage in the 
 Market Place, lying between the messuage of Adam Page on the 
 north, and the messuage of Stephen Elgy on the south. Witnesses 
 Richard Emeldon, chief bailiff; John Scott, Thomas Frismarisco, 
 William Burnton, and John Elleker, bailiffs, and others. 
 
 May 3. 
 
 William Riddell, knight, sheriff of Northumberland, appointed 
 keeper of the castle of Newcastle ; to account to the king's exchequer 
 as former sheriffs and keepers had done. 
 
 May 6. 
 
 The king grants a special protection or passport in favour of 
 Richard Emeldon, burgess of Newcastle [the Mayor], who had sent 
 his servants to parts beyond the seas for the purpose of making 
 purchases of corn and other victual. (See 8th October 1322.) About 
 the same time (8 Edward II.) Emeldon paid to the king 403. for 
 license to receive from John Trewyk a moiety of the manor of 
 Jesmond. 
 
 June 9. 
 
 Hugh Lokington collated by the bishop of Durham to the 
 wardenship of the hospital of St. Edmund, at Gateshead. On the 
 same day the bishop issues his mandate to the bailiff of Gateshead 
 to put Lokington in possession of the hospital. 
 
 June 20. 
 
 Writ from the king to William Felton and John Percy, reciting 
 that he has sent the Earl of Pembroke and three others with horses 
 and arms to Newcastle, and that they are to continue there or in 
 such other part of the Scottish marches as shall seem expedient 
 for the purpose of defending the country against the incursions of
 
 36 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 the enemy. Orders William and John to inspect a certain memor- 
 andum sent under the privy seal, containing an account of the number 
 of men-at-arms which the earl and his colleagues ought to have on 
 service, and to appraise the horses of such men-at-arms, and certify 
 the value to the custos of the wardrobe. 
 
 August 26. 
 
 A commission issued by the bishop of Durham to Richard, 
 official of the archdeacon of Northumberland, and William Burdon, 
 perpetual vicar of the church of St. Nicholas, Newcastle, to receive 
 probate of the will of Lady Lucy Angus. Towards the close of 
 the year John of Prudhoe was a chaplain at St. Nicholas, John of 
 Weetslade a chaplain at St. Andrew's, and Thomas of Ranchester 
 parochial chaplain at St. John's. 
 
 September 18. 
 
 Mandate from the king to the mayor and bailiffs of Newcastle, 
 and all others of the same town. He has been informed that upon 
 the occasion of a trial lately held under royal authority at Berwick, 
 against John Aspele and others, the king's enemies, armed men from 
 Newcastle, burgesses and others, had entered Berwick, and continued 
 to do so, doing damage there in contempt of the king, to the preju- 
 dice and peril of the town, and the no small injury of the inhabitants, 
 etc. The king being unwilling that under any pretext the said trial 
 or judgment should be impugned, commands them, under pain of 
 forfeiture of life and members, not to presume to continue these 
 proceedings, or of a certainty the penalty threatened will be imposed. 
 
 December 18. 
 
 The king sends from Doncaster letters patent to the mayor, 
 bailiffs, and good men of Newcastle, who, from their vicinity to 
 Scotland, and by their loyalty and valiant opposition to their hostile 
 neighbours, had been exposed to various calamities and suffered most 
 grievous oppressions, thanking them for their constancy and fortitude 
 in resisting the Scots, and requesting them to continue their exertions, 
 so that he shall have reason to praise their fidelity. The king does 
 not wish them to be surprised at his not having proceeded to their 
 neighbourhood, for he has been delayed by certain causes. In the 
 parliament about to be held at Lincoln, he will, by the advice of the 
 earls, barons, and other magnates of the kingdom, ordain such 
 measures as shall redound to his honour, etc. His Majesty on the 
 same date writes to the king of France and to the duke of Brittany 
 on their behalf, to allow them to purchase in their respective
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 37 
 
 dominions, corn and other provisions necessary for the defence of the 
 town and their own support, without the exaction of any other than 
 the old and accustomed prices. 
 
 In the eighth of his reign, the king appointed Gilbert Hawkin to 
 the office of tronator [weigher] of wool, and comptroller of the customs 
 on wool in the port of Newcastle, to hold during the king's pleasure. 
 Brand, quoting from Madox, places this appointment in the second 
 year of Edward II. The above is from the Abbreviatio Rotulorum 
 Originalium. 
 
 9 and 10 EDWARD II. 
 Bishop of Durham Richard Kellawe. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 Richard Emeldon Mayor, 
 
 Thomas Frismarisco, Adam Durham, ) p .,.- 
 
 Richard Acton, John Pandon, j 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs elected at Michaelmas : 
 Mayor Richard Emeldon. 
 
 ...- f Thomas Frismarisco, William Burnton, 
 
 ' I Richard Acton, Adam Durham. 
 
 Three parliaments were summoned to meet this year. To the 
 first, which assembled at Lincoln on the 2/th January 1315-16, no 
 return for Newcastle can be found. The other two were composed of 
 representatives from the counties only. 
 
 HE parliament at Lincoln granted to the king, in aid 
 of the war against Scotland, from each town in the 
 kingdom (cities, boroughs, and royal demesnes 
 exccpted), one stout man, and the larger towns a 
 greater number, furnished with armour sword, 
 bow, arrow, sling, lance, or other arms suitable for a 
 foot soldier. Each man was to be provided also with 
 travelling money, and proceed to the place whither the king should sum- 
 mon him, receiving for his wages 4d. a-day. All the men so serving 
 were to be at Newcastle on the quindena of the nativity of John the 
 Baptist [14 days after the 24th June]. On the 2Oth February a writ was 
 issued by the king to the bishop of Durham [and others], commanding 
 
 4
 
 38 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 the service of his men, with horses and arms, to be at Newcastle at 
 the same time as the men from the vills. A second writ, issued on the 
 1 2th of May, postponed the assembly to the feast of St. Lawrence, 
 loth August. It was afterwards further postponed till Michaelmas, 
 when the king came in person to York ; but what the army did at 
 Newcastle is not very clearly stated. The Scots appear to have 
 overrun the northern counties this year, and Edward's army seems to 
 have done nothing to check them. 
 
 April 12. 
 
 Writ from the king addressed to the collectors of customs upon 
 wool, wool-fells, etc., in Newcastle and other places, ordering them to 
 appear in the exchequer on the 7th June, and certify concerning all 
 portions of the customs paid by them, and to whom, and in what 
 manner. They are commanded to pay all their collections there, 
 notwithstanding any assignments made thereof, and notwithstanding 
 any other commands heretofore sent by the king directing the money 
 to be disposed of in some other manner. 
 
 April 24. 
 
 The ravages of the Scots were accompanied by tempestuous 
 weather, and the inhabitants of Newcastle and the bishopric suffered 
 from famine. Under this date the king writes to Bishop Kellawe, 
 that many persons are "keeping the corn in no small quantity in 
 their granges, and still refuse to expose it for sale, in order that they 
 may afterwards sell it at a dearer rate, by reason whereof the poor 
 and the mendicant are dying daily of famine and hunger." His 
 Majesty requests the bishop to use his influence with such persons 
 to induce them to sell corn, " that so the cause of so great destruction 
 or mortality among the people may not have to be imputed to those 
 who have corn and refuse to sell it ; >: adding, that those who " contemn 
 to pay obedience " may expect to be sharply dealt with. In Gregory s 
 Chronicle it is recorded that a bushel of wheat was worth 53., and 
 people ate hounds, cats, and horses, for before that there was great 
 murrain of oxen, kine, and sheep. 
 
 June 3. 
 
 Date of a deed, executed at Gateshead, by which Hugh, son 
 of Adam Bradford of Newcastle, gives to " Sir " Alan, the priest 
 of Gateshead, an annual rent of 55. 6d., issuing out of all that the 
 moiety of a messuage, with the appurtenances, in the south part of 
 the vill of Gateshead, as the same is situate in length and breadth 
 between a messuage of Laurence the moneyer on the one part, and 
 a messuage formerly of Walter the cutler on the high part, paying 
 the said rent, one moiety at the feast of Saint Martin in winter, and
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 39 
 
 another moiety at the feast of Pentecost. To save and to hold the 
 aforesaid annual rent of 55. 6d. to the said " Sir " Alan, his heirs and 
 assigns, freely and quietly, in law, etc., etc. Witnesses Thomas de 
 Bows, bailiff of the vill of Gateshead, Gilbert Gategang, John Gategang, 
 Thomas Vaus, Richard Pickering, William Hilton, Adam Page of 
 Newcastle, and others. ,- ^ 
 
 By indenture of this date, Simon Algoi and Alicia, his wife, on 
 the one part, and Mary, who was wife of John Silksworth, on the 
 other part, declare that with John, son of John Horsley, they gave 
 to John Silksworth and Mary, formerly his wife, a messuage in 
 Newcastle, lying in Pilgrim Street, between the messuage of William 
 Carliol and the messuage of Adam Colewell, chaplain, to have, etc., 
 to John Silksworth and his heirs lawfully begotten, on condition that 
 if the said John and Mary Silksworth die without heirs, then the 
 messuage remains to the right heirs of the said John, as in a deed 
 of feoffment of the aforesaid John, son of John Horsley, is fully 
 contained. The aforesaid Simon, and Alicia, sister, and heirs of the 
 aforesaid John Silksworth, concede to the aforesaid Mary the said 
 messuage according to the form in the deed of feoffment of the 
 aforesaid John, son of John Horsley, expressly set forth. Witnesses 
 Richard Emeldon, chief bailiff, Thomas Frismarisco, Richard 
 Acton, John Pandon, and Adam Durham, bailiffs ; Robert Scott, 
 Thomas Tinctor, Robert Redely, and others. 
 
 August 14. 
 
 Inquisition held in St. Nicholas' church touching the vicarage 
 of Edlingham, vacant by the death of Robert of Raynyngton. It was 
 found that the prior and brethren of Durham had the right of 
 presentation, and Robert of Essington was presented to the living, 
 valued at 10 marks per annum. 
 
 August 30. 
 
 Stephen Blount appointed by the king to be the receiver and 
 keeper of victuals in Newcastle and parts adjacent, and orders issued 
 to all sheriffs, bailiffs, etc., to assist him. 
 
 September 19. 
 
 The will of John Coquina, chaplain, deceased, was proved in the 
 chapel of St. Edmund at Gateshead. He bequeathed to the house of 
 the Holy Trinity and St. Edmund half-a-mark of annual rent. John 
 Denton occurs as the master of the hospital. Witnesses John 
 Gategang, Thomas Vaux, Thomas Bowes, William Brunesward, 
 William Alverton, Richard Pickering, burgesses of Gateshead, and 
 others.
 
 40 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 October 10. 
 
 Bishop Kcllavve died at his manor of Middlehara, and his body 
 was carried to Durham, and buried above the steps in the chapter 
 house of the priory. After some contention, Louis Beaumont, 
 prebendary of Auckland, a cripple, and illiterate to an unusual degree, 
 was appointed his successor. " Kellawe," says Surtees, " carried with 
 him to the palatine throne the piety and humility of the cloister. He 
 maintained a cordial and uninterrupted intercourse with his former 
 brethren, and selected from them his seneschal, his chancellor, and 
 confessor. His public conduct was marked by a steady sense of duty ; 
 inflexible in the distribution of justice, his meanest vassal shared his 
 equal protection. Neither wealth nor rank could screen a criminal 
 from punishment. Without assuming the pomp or splendour of his 
 predecessor, Kellawe engaged the chief vassals of the palatinate in his 
 service by honourable retainers ; and he knew how to avail himself of 
 their services in suppressing mutiny and disorder with prompt though 
 unostentatious vigour." 
 
 Brand states that the men of Newcastle were this year exempted 
 from purveyance, i.e. the providing of corn, fuel, victuals, etc., for 
 the royal household. Brand does not give his authority, and no 
 mention is made of the grant in Rymer's Fcedcra, nor among the 
 writs of parliamentary and military summons, where most of such 
 documents appear. 
 
 Adam Swinburne was this year appointed sheriff of Northumber- 
 land, and keeper of the castle of Newcastle. 
 
 10 and ii EDWARD II. 
 Bishop of Durham Louis Beaumont. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs of Newcastle till MicJiaclums :- 
 Richard Emeldon Mayor. 
 
 Thomas Frismarisco, William Burnton, ) p -,-rr 
 
 Richard Acton, Adam Durham, j 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs elected at Michaelmas : 
 Mayor Richard Emeldon. 
 
 p Tfr J Thomas Frismarisco, William Burnton, 
 
 ' 1 Richard Acton, Adam Durham.
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 
 
 4> 
 
 Bourne repeats the name of the mayor, Richard Emeldon, and 
 writes "The same" under the bailiffs. There is corroborative 
 evidence of the mayor's identity in the Rotuli Scotia, under dak: 
 1 8th March 1318, but the names of the bailiffs must be taken with 
 the reservation which the use of " The same " in Bourne's list always 
 indicates. 
 
 HE king ordered his army and the levies of the pre- 
 vious year to be at Newcastle on the i8th September. 
 In the meantime the Pope intervened, commanding 
 both nations to observe a truce for two years, and 
 sending over two cardinals to arrange terms. The 
 cardinals did not succeed in their mission, for the 
 Pope had offended the Scots by neglecting to recognise 
 Brucc's claim to the throne ; but their visit, which took place in 
 September, under circumstances to be presently narrated, had the 
 effect of suspending hostilities between the two kingdoms for the 
 remainder of the year. 
 
 May 20. 
 
 Writ of military summons addressed to the marshal of England 
 (Thomas, Earl of Norfolk, the king's brother) and the magnates of the 
 realm, reciting the continued rebellion of Robert Bruce and his 
 accomplices, stating that the king has ordained to be at Newcastle on 
 the 8th July, and commanding them to appear there on that date, pre- 
 pared with horses, arms, etc. On the i/th June the muster was pro- 
 rogued to the nth August, and on the 28th July it was postponed to 
 the 1 5th September. 
 
 June 1 8. 
 
 The king sends his mandate to 'Stephen Blount, keeper of the 
 victuals at Newcastle, commanding him to reckon with Hugh Audley, 
 sen., in the king's service in the northern parts, for victuals allotted 
 to him by the king's order, namely, for thirty quarters of corn at 
 1 6s. per quarter, and eight barrels of old wine at 403. each. Remainder 
 of the corn and wine the king concedes to Audley as a gift. Sometime 
 this year date not given William Ayremyn, rector of Wearmouth, 
 is ordered to send to Blount, at a reasonable price, corn, oats, and 
 any other grain in his possession. 
 
 July 24. 
 
 Writ addressed to the collectors of customs on wools, wool-fells, 
 and hides in Newcastle and other ports, reciting that the ordinary 
 revenues of the kingdom are found insufficient to meet the expenses 
 of the war against the Scots. The king having investigated the ways 
 and means by which money could be most conveniently and honour-
 
 42 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 ably raised, the following plan has been suggested by the advice 
 and counsel of certain merchants, as well aliens as native subjects, 
 namely, that the merchants, aliens and natives, should lend to the 
 king, over and above the customs and the new increments upon 
 wools, wool-fells, and hides, the following sums upon all merchandise 
 imported or exported until Michaelmas then next, and from thence 
 for one year : Upon each piece of dyed woollen cloth, value 6os. 
 and upwards, 6s. 8d. ; value 403., 45.; scarlet cloth, 133. 4d. ; pipe of 
 wine, 55. ; merchandise of avoirdupois in mercery, spices, battery, 
 wax, pelletry, lead, pewter, cordowane, thread, iron, steel, and other 
 merchandises, upon each 2os. value, 2s. ; and that the money so 
 borrowed should be repaid to the lenders out of the issues of the 
 customs arising after Michaelmas next, without any delay or subter- 
 fuge. The collectors at Newcastle and other ports are therefore 
 empowered to receive such sums, and certify the names of the 
 lenders to the Exchequer. Letters patent under the cocket are to be 
 delivered to the merchants for ensuring the repayment of the sums 
 so borrowed out of the issues of the customs upon wools, wool- 
 fells, and hides. On the I3th September the collectors were informed 
 that the new increment was not to be levied upon corn, salt, cod-fish, 
 stock-fish, or any other kind of imported victual ; and three days 
 later everything but wools, hides, and wool-fells was exempted. 
 
 September I. 
 
 Bishop Beaumont, having been confirmed in his see, left London 
 for his diocese at the close of August in great state. He was accom- 
 panied by the two truce-makers sent by the Pope to enforce a 
 cessation of hostilities between the two nations Gaucelin John, 
 cardinal priest of Saints Marcelin and Peter, and Luke Fieschi, 
 cardinal deacon of St. Mary, Via Lata, by his brother Henry Beaumont, 
 and a number of ecclesiastics. On the ist September the party 
 arrived within the bishopric, when suddenly they were attacked by 
 Gilbert Middleton of Mitford, nephew of Sir Adam Swinburne, who, 
 in consequence of the arrest of his uncle for sharp words uttered to 
 the king respecting the state of the marches, had flown to arms, and 
 was now leader of a gang of freebooters. The cardinals and their 
 train after some ill-usage were allowed to proceed to Durham ; but 
 the bishop and his brother were carried off to Mitford Castle, where 
 Middleton held them to ransom. The king was at Lincoln when the 
 outrage happened, and only heard the news when he arrived at York 
 on the 4th. Thence he wrote on the nth to the mayor, bailiffs, and 
 good men of Newcastle, reciting the outrage which had occurred, " to 
 the scandal of the church and us, the dishonour and vituperation
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 43 
 
 of all the kingdom, and the manifest breaking of our peace," counter- 
 manding the rendezvous at Newcastle, ordering all who owed him 
 service to assemble at York, and directing the mayor and bailiffs to 
 allow no armed men to enter the town of Newcastle. The king 
 wrote also to the Pope, promising to endeavour to learn the names of 
 the robbers, in order that his holiness might put such censure upon 
 them as he thought fit. The names soon transpired, but Middleton 
 cared nothing for the censures of the church, and it cost the convent 
 at Durham a large sum of money to release their spiritual lord from 
 his custody. This daring and sacrilegious act ended Middleton's 
 career. He was captured, taken by ship from Newcastle to Grimsby, 
 and thence in a starving state to London on horseback, with his feet 
 tied beneath the animal. In the following year he was sentenced to 
 be hung, drawn, and quartered one quarter to be sent to Newcastle, 
 and the others to York, Bristol, and Dover. 
 
 Ralph Comeris appointed tronator [weigher] of wool in Newcastle. 
 
 The famine and mortality continued in Newcastle and the neigh- 
 bourhood, " insomuch," writes Bourne, " that the quick could hardly 
 bury the dead. Some ate the flesh of their own children, and thieves 
 in prison devoured those that were newly brought in, and greedily ate 
 them half alive." The Scots also were marching up and down, and 
 Gilbert Middleton and his band marauding from Tweed to Tees. 
 " Three successive seasons of sterility," adds Surtees, " had carried the 
 public distress to the highest pitch, and the general calamities of the 
 times are described by contemporary historians in terms almost too 
 highly coloured to meet belief." 
 
 1318. 
 
 ii and 12 EDWARD II. 
 Bishop of Durham Louis Beaumont. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 Richard Emeldon Mayor. 
 
 Thomas Frismarisco, William Burnton, ) 
 
 Richard Acton, Adam Durham, j 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs elected at Michaelmas : 
 
 Mayor Richard Emeldon. 
 ( Gilbert Hawkin, Adam Durham, 
 
 Bailiffs, | Robcrt Angerton, Thomas Durham.
 
 44 
 
 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 Brand alters the last-named to " Thomas, son of Ralph Thorauld," 
 quoting as his authority a deed preserved in All Saints' vestry, dated 
 29th October. Another deed, quoted in the Collectanea, under date 
 3Oth January 1319, has Richard Acton, William Burnton, Thomas 
 Frismarisco, and Gilbert Havvkin as the bailiffs. 
 
 ARLIAMENT was summoned to meet at Lincoln 
 on the 27th January; it was prorogued to I2th 
 March, and again to I9th June, and revoked on 
 account of troubles with the Scots. Another Parlia- 
 ment was ordered to be at York on the 2Oth 
 October. There are no returns from Newcastle. 
 The capture of Berwick by Bruce, in April, and 
 
 the ravages of his followers in Northumberland, probably gave the 
 
 burgesses more pressing matters to attend to. 
 
 February 21. 
 
 Robert Oliver and Robert Dumbleton appointed to be collectors 
 at Newcastle of the customs upon wools, wool-fells, etc. 
 
 March I. 
 
 King Edward granted for ever to the monastery of the Black 
 Friars in Newcastle, for the purpose of enlarging their house and 
 burial ground near the West Gate, a messuage contiguous thereto, 
 which had belonged to Gilbert Middleton, executed for treason 
 and felony, as before stated. 
 
 March 13. 
 
 Thomas Hollinside conveys his manor of Hollinside, near Axwell, 
 to William Bointon of Newcastle, and Isolda, his wife, with all his 
 demesne lands, and free service of his tenants, a water-mill called 
 Clokinthenns, situate upon the New Dene Burn, and his fishery in 
 the Derwent. This property afterwards came into the hands of the 
 Hardings, descendants of Sampson Harding, mayor and M.P. for 
 Newcastle towards the close of this century. 
 
 March 18. 
 
 In the early part of the year there were hopes of a truce being 
 concluded in accordance with the Pope's injunctions, and on this 
 date the archbishop of York and others were appointed to treat 
 with Robert Bruce and his associates, as the papal bull directed. 
 In the event of peace accruing out of the negotiations, keepers of 
 the truce were nominated, namely, for Northumberland and the 
 marches adjoining, William Riddell and Richard Emeldon, mayor
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 45 
 
 of Newcastle ; and for Cumberland and the marches, Anthony Lucy, 
 Andrew Hartcla, etc. On the same day a mandate was sent to the 
 mayor and bailiffs of Newcastle, informing them that certain of the 
 king's faithful servants were coming there about treating for peace, 
 cautioning them not to keep the town less safe and less secure, and 
 bidding them to take care that, by the ingress of other than the 
 king's nuncios, peril to the king or to the town did not arise. But 
 nothing came of these appointments, for the Scots treated the papal 
 mandate with contempt, and proceeded vigorously with the siege of 
 Berwick. Two days after the foregoing mandates had been issued, 
 namely, on the 2Oth March, the king addressed a writ to the marshal 
 of England and the magnates of the kingdom, stating that by common 
 assent of the parliament lately assembled at York, he had ordained to 
 be at Newcastle on the loth June for the purpose of quelling the 
 rebellion. May 22. Similar writ issued postponing the muster at 
 Newcastle till the 22d July, when the nobles, etc., are to join the 
 king with horses and arms, and all their power. June 8. Writ to 
 the bishop of Durham, or his locum tenens (the bishop being absent), 
 to raise 2000 foot soldiers from his bishopric, to be at Newcastle on 
 the day of the general muster; such service not to prejudice the 
 bishop or his successors, nor be drawn into a precedent in future. 
 By another writ of same date, Northumberland is to send 2000 and 
 Cumberland 1000 foot soldiers to Newcastle. Berwick being captured 
 by the Scots, Bruce took up his residence there, and was enabled 
 to direct his forces in Northumberland, where some of the fortresses 
 were captured. Scottish troops penetrated south as far as Ripon and 
 Scarborough. 
 
 April 1 8. 
 
 Mandate from the king to the mayor and bailiffs of Newcastle, 
 reciting that he has sent William Getour or Jetur, with a ship and 
 armed men, to Berwick, into which town he is informed the Scotch 
 rebels have entered, but from which he hopes, God aiding, to drive 
 them. The mayor and bailiffs are to provide a barge with armed 
 men and victuals to accompany the ship, and for the expense of doing 
 this the king will make full satisfaction. 
 
 August 12. 
 
 Date of writ to the mayor, bailiffs, and community of New- 
 castle (among other towns), reciting that by assent of the prelates, 
 earls, barons, etc., of the kingdom, the king proposes to be at York 
 on Sunday the loth September, and that the earls, barons, etc., have 
 promised to proceed with all their forces, at their own expense, against 
 the enemy for the term of forty days. The king requests the mayor,
 
 46 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 bailiffs, etc., that, considering the general obligation of contributing to 
 the defence of the kingdom, they will raise two hundred able-bodied 
 foot soldiers, armed, etc., who are to be marched to York, so that they 
 may join the king on the day of muster, ready to proceed against the 
 enemy for forty days, at the expense of the town. This aid is not to 
 prejudice the community, nor be drawn into a precedent in future, and 
 the bishop of Ely, the chancellor, has been directed to issue letters of 
 indemnity accordingly, under the great seal, when he shall be there- 
 unto required. 
 
 November 12. 
 
 Date of charters from the king to the town of Newcastle and the 
 society of merchant adventurers there. To the town the king confirms 
 the charter of King John in 1216, which bestowed upon the men of 
 Newcastle the following privileges : 
 
 1. None of them to be distrained outside of the town for the pay- 
 ment of any debt for which they were not chief debtors or sureties. 
 
 2. None of them to be tried by duel i.e., personal combat between 
 disputants, in which the suit was awarded to the victor. 
 
 3. Liberty to traverse in pleas of the crown, according to the old 
 custom of Winchester. 
 
 4. None to be judged of misericordia money [an arbitrary, that is 
 to say, not a statutory, fine] except in accordance with the old law of 
 Winchester as it was in the time of the king's ancestors. 
 
 5. Lands, tenures, recognisances, and debts, by whomsoever owing, 
 shall be justly held, and lands and tenures within the town shall be 
 rightly held to them, according to the custom of Winchester. 
 
 6. Of all debts lent and made in Newcastle, and recognisances 
 entered into there, pleas shall be held. 
 
 7. For the improvement of the town the burgess to be acquit of 
 yeresgyne [fees on entering office, or bribe to the king's servants], 
 scotale [drink-money to the king's officers], and no sheriff or bailiff to 
 make any scotale within the town. 
 
 8. Customs unjustly levied in time of war to be altogether 
 annulled. 
 
 9. All persons coming to the town with merchandise, from 
 whatsoever place foreign or otherwise may come and stay and 
 depart in peace on paying the usual customs and dues. 
 
 King Edward adds to this confirmation some additional favours, 
 ex. gr. : 
 
 That the burgesses shall be free of toll, murage and pannage for all 
 their merchandises in every seaport of his dominions ; that they shall 
 have trials among themselves by their fellow burgesses, unless in 
 matters that concerned the crown, or the community of the town ; that
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 
 
 47 
 
 none shall take lodging, or be quartered within the walls by assize 
 or livery of the marshal against the will of the burgesses, unless when 
 the king, or the justices itinerant, or the king's marshal, or marshal of 
 his armies shall be there, when inns are to be provided for the free 
 quartering of those persons to whom such allowance is due ; and that 
 the duration of the fair at Lammas, granted by King John for two days 
 only, may be extended to twenty-eight days, if such extension shall 
 not be found prejudicial to the neighbouring fairs. 
 
 To the merchant adventurers he grants a confirmation of the 
 original foundation charter of King John, which exempted them from 
 pleading outside the walls except upon foreign tenures, and from the 
 duties of toll, lastage, pontage, and passage, not only during the 
 Lammas fair, but at other times, and in all his ports abroad and 
 at home. Some new privileges were added. 
 
 November 24. 
 
 The king at York orders the receiver of his victuals at Newcastle 
 to deliver forty casks of wine to the inhabitants of Northumberland, 
 as a compensation for their losses by the incursions of the Scots. 
 The distribution is to be made by William Riddell, Richard Emeldon, 
 and Stephen Blount. 
 
 To aid the king in repelling the invasion of the Scots, the Pope 
 granted him a loan of the tenths which the Holy See from remote 
 times claimed a right to receive out of the yearly revenues of 
 ecclesiastical benefices. A new valuation of church property was 
 made, and the following are the returns for Newcastle and Gateshead, 
 compared with those of a similar valuation in 1306 : 
 
 Bishop of Carlisle, as rector or 
 patron of St. Nicholas, New- 
 castle 
 
 Value, 1306. 
 
 Tax at one- 
 teiith. 
 
 Value, 1318. 
 
 Tax at one mark 
 in forty. 
 
 IOCS. 
 
 I OS. 
 
 38/. 135. 4d. 
 
 135. 4d. 
 
 Portion of the Prior of Carlisle* 
 in the same - - - - 
 
 IOCS. 
 
 IOS. 
 
 38/. 133. 4d. 
 
 ijs- 4d. 
 
 Portion of the Prior of Tyne- 
 mouth in the same 
 Vicarage of Newcastle 
 Gateshead Parish Church 
 
 405. 
 
 IO/. . 
 
 67. 135. 4d. 
 
 45. 
 
 20S. 
 
 135. 4d. 
 
 S/. 
 
 2O/. 5S. 
 
 20 marks. 
 
 45. 
 los. id. 
 6s. Sd. 
 
 St. Edmund's Hospital, Gates- 
 head 66s. Sd. 
 
 6s. Sd. 
 
 
 
 * The bishop and prior of Carlisle claimed to hold St. Nicholas' in common.
 
 4 3 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 1319. 
 
 island 13 EDWARD II. 
 
 Bishop of Durham Louis Beaumont. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 Richard Emeldon Mayor. 
 
 Gilbert Havvkin, Bailiff, and the rest uncertain. (See elections 
 at Michaelmas of the previous year.) 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs elected at Michaelmas : 
 Mayor Nicholas Carliol. 
 
 Bailiffs According J Thomas Carliol, Roger Hecham, 
 
 to Bourne, ( Thomas Frismarisco, Henry Newton. 
 
 A deed in St. Andrew's vestry mentioned by Brand names as 
 bailiffs this year Thomas Tindale, John Thorauld, Thomas Fris- 
 marisco, and Richard Emeldon. 
 
 No return has been found of burgesses from Newcastle summoned 
 to the parliament which met at York in May. 
 
 ING EDWARD II. came to Newcastle on the ist 
 August, and encamped with his army (see 2Oth March 
 1318) on his way to the siege of Berwick, in the fields 
 of South Gosforth. His Majesty was at Gosforth and 
 Newcastle from the 4th of August to the I5th, at 
 Newbiggin on the i6th and I7th, at Amble on the iSth, at Fenham 
 from the 2ist to the 26th, at Barmoor on the 29th and 3Oth, and sat 
 down before Berwick on the Qth September. The attack failed, and 
 the king raised the siege, returning to Newcastle on the 2ist, where he 
 remained till the 28th, and then set out on his march southwards. 
 On the 6th December a congress of commissioners was held at 
 Newcastle, and on the 26th of that month a truce between the two 
 nations was concluded, to continue first to the Christmas next 
 ensuing twelve months and thence for two years, in the hope that 
 a permanent peace might in the interval be arranged. 
 
 During this reign money was coined in Newcastle. Three penny 
 pieces of Edward's Newcastle coinage are mentioned by Brand as 
 being in the hands of collectors.
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 49 
 
 January 3. 
 
 Henry Ogle, formerly burgess of Newcastle, gives to Gilbert Ogle, 
 burgess of the same town, all his lands and tenements in Newcastle 
 to have and to hold for ever. Witnesses Richard Emeldon, mayor, 
 Richard Acton, William Burnton, and Gilbert Hawkin, bailiffs ; 
 Nigel Barnardcastle, John Elleker, Laurence Durham, John Denton, 
 and others. 
 
 January 30. 
 
 Henry of Wallsend, clerk, gives to William Porter, burgess of 
 Newcastle, and Isabella, his wife, all that messuage in Pandon, which 
 lies between the messuage of Gilbert Hawkin, on the one side, and the 
 messuage formerly belonging to John Baron, on the other side. And 
 all that messuage in the street of All Saints, which lies between the 
 messuage of Thomas Palmer, and that of William Blida [Blyth ?], to 
 have, etc., for ever. Witnesses Richard Emeldon, mayor, Thomas 
 Frismarisco, Richard Acton, William Burnton, and Gilbert Hawkin, 
 bailiffs ; John Wearmouth, John Raynauld, Roger Kingston, Robert 
 Tunnokman, Richard Tunnokson, and Adam Gunter. 
 
 April 12. 
 
 The king sends from Kirkham to Stephen Blount, receiver of 
 victuals at Newcastle, stating that in a short time he is coming into 
 these parts to repel, with the help of God, the intrusion of the Scots, 
 and commanding him to collect and retain for the king's use all 
 victuals that he shall be able to obtain in the town and neighbouring 
 places, so that, when the king and his faithful attendants come hither, 
 they may find abundant provision made for them. 
 
 December i. 
 
 The king at York sends his letters of privy seal to the bishop of 
 Ely, the chancellor, who is about to proceed to Newcastle on the 
 king's business, commanding him to deliver the great seal to Robert 
 Bardelby, to remain in the custody of the latter, under the seals of 
 Henry Cliff, Geoffrey Welford, and William Cliff, who are to perform 
 the duties of the office until the return of the chancellor. On Wed- 
 nesday, the 23d January following, the chancellor being in the king's 
 chamber in the house of the Minor Friars at York, delivered the great 
 seal to the king, and the king received the said seal with his own 
 hands, and placed it at the head of his bed. 
 
 The king having gtanted a deputation of the conservatorship of 
 the Tyne to John Hamstcd, recalled that power on the application of 
 the mayor and burgesses of Newcastle, who complained that the grant 
 was to the prejudice of their liberties.
 
 50 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 To this year "about anno 1319" Bourne assigns the date of 
 the foundation of the chantry of St. Thomas the Martyr, in St. John's 
 Church. The evidence is not quite satisfactory, for the witnesses to 
 the foundation deed are Richard Emeldon, mayor, and Thomas 
 Frismarisco, Richard Acton, William Burnton, and Gilbert Havvkin, 
 bailiffs, and there is no year in his list of mayors and bailiffs wherein 
 these five persons occur as holding office together. Presuming that 
 the lists are wrong (and several differences between them and deeds 
 of property have been pointed out), we may accept the " about " with 
 a choice of years from 1316 (when Emeldon, Frismarisco, Acton, and 
 Burnton appear in office with Adam Durham, the founder), to 1321, 
 when Durham's name is replaced by that of Robert Angerton. The 
 foundation deed recites that Adam Durham, burgess of the town, for 
 the sake of his own soul, and the souls of Roger, his father, and 
 Agnes, his mother, gave certain tenements in Westgate and the 
 Sandhill to Roger Burnton, chaplain, that divine service may be 
 celebrated every day at the altar of St. Thomas in St. John's, which 
 Bourne thinks was situated on the north side of the sacred edifice, 
 adjoining the north cross. After the founder's death the right of 
 presentation was to be vested in the mayor and bailiffs, with power 
 of revocation in case of crime, or neglect of duty beyond forty days. 
 
 A deed in All Saints' vestry, dated ipth October 1319, contains 
 the first known record of the Cale Cross, which stood on the north 
 side of the Lort Burn, at the foot of All-Hallow-Bank, facing the 
 Sandhill. Bourne supposes the name to have been derived from the 
 cale or broth formerly sold there. Brand derives it from the herb 
 kailwort, used in making broth, and adds that in his time it was 
 sometimes but erroneously called Scale Cross. Grey in 1649 describes 
 it as a " fair one, with columns of hewn stone, covered with lead," and 
 Brand remembers it with a cistern on the top to hold what was called 
 the New Water. It was taken down in 1773, re-built in 1783 at the 
 expense of Sir Matthew White Ridley, and in 1807 was presented by 
 the corporation to Sir Matthew, who re-erected it in his grounds at 
 Blagdon.
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY, 51 
 
 1320. 
 
 13 and 14 EDWARD II. 
 Bishop of Durham Louis Beaumont. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 
 Nicholas Carliol Mayor. 
 
 Bailiffs Uncertain. (See previous year.) 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs elected at Michaelmas: 
 
 Mayor Nicholas Carliol. 
 
 P -j-ff f Thomas Tindale, John Thorauld, 
 
 ' I Thomas Frismarisco, Richard Emeldon. 
 
 In a deed from the prioress of St. Bartholomew to Robert 
 Hallhvell, quoted in the next page, Thomas Frismarisco is replaced 
 by Thomas Clerk. 
 
 ARLIAMENT was summoned to meet at Westminster 
 on the 6th October, and Newcastle was represented by 
 
 Nicholas Scott and John Scott. 
 
 March 14. 
 
 The bishop of Durham writes to Archbishop Melton of York that 
 he has received a letter sent to him through the archbishop by the 
 bishop of Hereford respecting a safe-conduct for Robert Bruce, who 
 had been ordered to appear before the Pope at Rome, and that he had 
 sent it to be executed by Alexander Carliol, warden of the Friars 
 Minor, of Newcastle. 
 
 June 8. 
 
 Bourne quotes from Hakluyfs English Voyages, etc., printed in 
 London in 1599,311 order of the king and council issued at Dover at 
 this date, directing the staple of wool to be holden at a certain place, 
 as showing that Newcastle was a commercial town of importance. 
 The order is addressed to the collectors of customs at eight ports, 
 and fifth amongst them comes Newcastle. 
 
 August . 
 
 The Pope sent a paternal admonition to the king, urging him to 
 set about the work of concluding a durable peace with king Robert
 
 52 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 Bruce. Edward named commissioners, who met at Carlisle with 
 others from Scotland, but made no further progress than agreeing to 
 meet at Newcastle on Candlemas day, 2d February. 
 
 A serious accident is reported to have happened this year at the 
 junction of Pandon Burn with the Tyne, where the river overflowed 
 so much that 140 houses were swept away, and 120 laymen, several 
 priests, and some women were drowned. The ground, now known as 
 Burn Bank, was afterwards heightened with ballast, and this, with the 
 construction of a quay wall shortly after, prevented a repetition of 
 the disaster. When the accident happened, the Tyne ebbed and 
 flowed for some distance up Pandon Burn, and over the flat land 
 surrounding Blyth's Nook. Stow records a similar disaster in 1339. 
 
 Philippa Wolteby, prioress, and the nuns of St. Bartholomew in 
 Newcastle, confirm to Robert Halliwell, clerk, and Alicia, his wife, 
 14 acres of arable land in Holywell, at a yearly rent of 6s sterling, for 
 ever. Witnesses Nicholas Carliol, chief bailiff; Thorrias Tindale, 
 John Thorauld, Thomas Clerk, and Richard Emeldon, bailiffs; 
 Henry Scott, Peter Graper, Nicholas Scott, Gilbert Fleming, John 
 Heaton, and others. 
 
 .ST. A.MiuiiWs CHURCH,
 
 THIRD DECADE 1321-30. 
 
 1321. 
 
 14 and 15 EDWARD II. 
 Bishop of Durham Louis Beaumont. 
 Mayor and Bailiffs of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 Nicholas Carliol Mayor. 
 
 John Thorauld, Thomas Tindale, -\ 
 
 Richard Emeldon, Thomas Frismarisco, \Bailiffs. 
 
 or Thomas Clerk, J 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs elected at Michaelmas : 
 Mayor Nicholas Scott. 
 
 William Burnton, 
 ' I Thomas Carlyne [Daulyn], Robert Angerton. 
 
 This is Brand's List for the next year. Bourne has Richard 
 Emeldon as mayor, and Thomas Frismarisco, Gilbert Hawkin, 
 Richard Acton, and Robert Angerton, as bailiffs. Brand's authority 
 for the change is a deed in St. Andrew's vestry dated 1322; and 
 confirmation of it is afforded by the return to the writ for electing 
 representatives in parliament, dated 2d May 1322, which is signed 
 by Nicholas Scott, mayor, Thomas Daulyn, Gilbert Hawkin, Robert 
 Angerton. and William Burnton, bailiffs. 
 
 ARLIAMENT was summoned to meet at West- 
 minster on the 1 5th July, but the returns for 
 Newcastle cannot be found. 
 
 February 2. 
 
 An adjourned meeting of the commissioners for 
 concluding peace with Scotland was appointed to be 
 held in Newcastle. The Scotch envoys were personally conducted to 
 
 5
 
 54 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 the conference by John Penreth, Gilbert Burradon, and Roger 
 Horsley ; and to aid as mediators, there were present two envoys 
 from the king of France, and two nuncios from the Pope. The 
 negotiations were prolonged till March ; but the claims on each side 
 were so incompatible, and maintained so pertinaciously, that all 
 endeavours to conclude a final agreement proved vain. Bruce was 
 encouraged in his claims by the outbreak of civil war in England, led 
 by the Earl of Lancaster, his friend and ally. 
 
 August 25. 
 
 All prospect of concluding a peace with Scotland having ceased, 
 the king gave orders to John Penreth, constable of the castle of 
 Harbottle, to demolish that fortress. A similar order was sent to the 
 sheriff of Northumberland, to Roger Horsley, Gilbert Burradon, and 
 Richard Emeldon, to assist with men, etc. 
 
 December 5. 
 
 Date of a commission whereby Robert Raymes and Thomas 
 Carliol are appointed collectors of customs upon wools, etc., at New- 
 castle and Hartlepool. A concurrent writ addressed to Robert Oliver 
 and Robert Dumbleton [appointed 2ist February 1318], commands 
 them to surrender the rolls and all else belonging to the office. 
 
 In the fifteenth year of his reign the king appointed Henry 
 Shireakes or Shireokes, keeper and receiver of victuals in Newcastle 
 and the northern parts. 
 
 1322 
 
 15 and 1 6 EDWARD II. 
 Bishop of Durham Louis Beaumont. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 Nicholas Scott Mayor. 
 
 Gilbert Hawkin, Thomas Daulyn, ) -/vr 
 
 iTT-ii- -r, \. bailiffs. 
 
 William Burnton, Robert Angerton, J 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs elected at Michaelmas : 
 Mayor Richard Emeldon. 
 
 Bailiffs $ Thomas Frismarisco, William Burnton, 
 
 ' 1 Gilbert Hawkin, Hugh Hecham.
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 55 
 
 WO parliaments met this year. In the first, opened at 
 York on the 2d May, 
 
 Nicholas Scott, the Mayor, and Robert Angertcn, 
 one of the Bailiffs, 
 
 sat for Newcastle. The returns to the second parliament, at Ripon, 
 have been lost. 
 
 The Earl of Lancaster's rebellion being crushed by the king at 
 Boroughbridge, his Majesty raised a powerful army to march against 
 the Scots. The rendezvous was appointed to be at Newcastle on the 
 24th July, and amongst others, the bishop of Durham was ordered to be 
 ready with all the people of his palatinate, able to bear arms, between 
 the ages of sixteen and sixty, for which array the king granted an 
 indemnity that no prejudice should arise by the precedent to the 
 bishop's successors and the rights of the church. At Newcastle, and in 
 the neighbourhood, the king remained from the ist to the nth August 
 he dates from Gosforth on the /th and 8th of that month and then 
 marched northwards, leaving the queen in charge of the prior of 
 Tynemouth. On the loth September he returned to Newcastle, and 
 stayed with the queen for a fortnight, issuing writs meanwhile for 
 parliament to meet him at Ripon. In honour of the royal visit, and 
 of the victory which the English forces achieved at Norham, the 
 monasteries of Newcastle received, on the I4th September, "their 
 pittance " of one day, varying from 6s. 8d. to 8s. each house ; and to 
 the Dominicans, or Preaching Friars, he subsequently forgave the sum 
 of I2/. a considerable debt which they owed him for victuals 
 formerly sold to them. During this visit several of the king's 
 followers and servants died, and were buried in Newcastle. On the 
 ist August, John Penreth, knight, was interred in the church of the 
 Augustines overlooking Pandon, and on the day of his Majesty's 
 arrival from Scotland, two members of his household were buried in 
 the church of the Grey Friars. On the iSth there was solemn mass 
 at St. Nicholas', at the burial of Peter Marshal, who had been shield- 
 bearer to Edward I., and in whose memory Mr. Longstaffe supposes 
 the stone effigy now in the church to have been set up. The following 
 month Henry Farndon and William Riggthorne. janftor, found their 
 last home in the same building, and Griffin, son of Sir Griffin Thloyt, 
 knight, in the church of the Order of Preachers. At most of these 
 interments the king sent cloth of gold to cover the body. His 
 Majesty had other troubles among his followers in Newcastle, for 
 before his march towards Scotland, in the month of August, a quarrel 
 broke out between his English and Welsh infantry, and seven of the 
 latter were wounded. The injured men remained in Newcastle to
 
 56 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 be cured, and received pay at the rate of 2d. a-day for thirty-six days. 
 Thomas Lound, surgeon, was paid 2os. for his attendance and 
 medicine. 
 
 MarcJi 24. 
 
 Richard Emeldon appointed keeper of the castles, lands, and 
 tenements of the Earl of Lancaster, and other condemned nobles, 
 which lay in the county of Northumberland and the bishopric of 
 Durham. The sheriff of Northumberland is ordered to deliver to 
 Emeldon the property in his county ; George Thornton the like in the 
 bishopric ; Roger Horsley is to hand over to him the castle of 
 Dunstanborough, which had been a manor-house of Lancaster's, and 
 fortified by him with the sanction of the king six years before. On 
 the 1 5th September Emeldon, who is styled " chief custos of the town 
 of Newcastle," is instructed to obey the Earl of Athol, chief keeper of 
 the county of Northumberland and the marches, and to act under his 
 commands. Five days later a royal commission, addressed to the 
 mayor, bailiffs, and good men of the town of Newcastle, formally 
 appoints Emeldon to be " chief custos " thereof. 
 
 May 28. 
 
 An inquisition taken at Gateshead before the sheriff of Durham, 
 when the jurors found that a moiety of the water of Tyne, from 
 Stanley Burn to the sea, belonged to St. Cuthbert and the bishop of 
 Durham ; another moiety to the county of Northumberland, and that 
 the middle was common and free ; that the bishop had built three 
 fisheries on his part, called Greneyard, which certain persons had 
 broken down and destroyed to the length of twenty-four perches ; 
 that the men of Pipewellgate, in the time of Anthony Bek and 
 Richard Kellawe, used to be in vigils and aids with the men of 
 Gateshead, and that the demesnes and lands ought not to give 
 multure [a toll or fee for grinding corn]. In his first volume Brand 
 dates this inquiry " 1322 ;" in his second volume he puts it under date 
 
 "1323." 
 
 July 4. 
 
 In the register of Archbishop Melton of York, under this date, is 
 an entry that Richard Grimeston, his receiver of York, is to pay 
 Gregory Thornton, knight, 6o/., if the king within the next fifteen 
 days should direct his steps towards Newcastle. The king was then 
 at York, and directed his steps towards Newcastle on the 24th, by 
 way of Thirsk, Darlington, and Durham. 
 
 October 8. 
 The king, at Yarm, grants a general protection or passport in
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 57 
 
 favour of Richard Emeldon, mayor of Newcastle, who is about to send 
 his vessel called the La Margerie to foreign parts, for the purpose of 
 purchasing corn and other victuals for the sustenance of the garrison 
 of the town. (See 6th May 1315.) 
 
 1323. 
 
 1 6 and 17 EDWARD II. 
 Bishop of Durham Louis Beaumont. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs of Neivcastle till Michaelmas : 
 Richard Emeldon Mayor. 
 
 Thomas Frismarisco, William Burnton, ) .,.. 
 
 Gilbert Hawkin, Hugh Hecham, j 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs elected at Micliaelmas : 
 Mayor Richard Emeldon. 
 
 P Tff f Thomas Frismarisco, William Burnton, 
 
 ' ( William [Gilbert?] Hawkin, Hugh Hecham. 
 
 EGOTIATIONS for a treaty of peace between the king 
 and Robert Bruce were commenced at Newcastle in 
 May, a safe-conduct being granted to Thomas Ran- 
 dolph, Earl of Murray, and a retinue of fifty horsemen, 
 to come from Scotland to Newcastle to confer with the 
 English commissioners. Difficulties arose, and finally the Scotch 
 commissioners went to the king at Bishopsthorpe, near York, where 
 the whole matter was solemnly debated, and on the 3Oth May a truce 
 till the 1 2th June, and from thence for thirteen years, was concluded. 
 The king, prepared for a failure of the conference, had issued writs for 
 a muster of his forces at Newcastle on the ist July, but these were 
 withdrawn on the 2d June, and proclamation of the truce was made in 
 Newcastle, and throughout the kingdom, immediately afterwards. 
 
 January 12. 
 
 William Melton, archbishop of York, writes to his dearly beloved 
 in Christ, Richard Emeldon, mayor of Newcastle, stating that he 
 intends coming to Newcastle on the business of the king, and is 
 sending in advance his valet, John Mar, to provide necessaries for his
 
 58 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 stay in the town. Begs the mayor to assist Mar with such aid and 
 counsel as may enable him to make suitable provision for his master's 
 reception. 
 
 January 16. 
 
 Nicholas Carliol and Thomas Carliol appointed collectors of the 
 customs upon wines, and also upon wools, etc., at Newcastle, Hartlc- 
 pool, Yarm, and all places on the sea coast to Berwick. On the 6th 
 June, Richard Emeldon and Thomas Daulyn are appointed collectors 
 of the customs on wines granted by the merchants strangers, but in 
 Newcastle and thence to Berwick only. 
 
 February 10. 
 
 Writ addressed to the bishop of Durham. The king bears in mind 
 that his predecessor, Richard Kellawe, was often upbraided by Henry 
 Beaumont, the bishop's brother, and his other friends and kinsmen, 
 asserting that it was on account of his negligence that the Scots had 
 wasted the bishopric ; and that if the government of the church of 
 Durham were entrusted to him, the present bishop, or any other 
 person of a noble family, a secure defence, even as if it were a " wall 
 of stone," would be effected by his power, and the power of his 
 alliances. The king upbraids the bishop for his neglect and luke- 
 warmness, and commands him, that all other matters laid aside, he 
 is to prepare himself with horses and arms by the aid of his friends 
 and kinsmen, and to repair forthwith to the bishopric, continuing 
 stationed there for the defence of the same. An answer to be 
 returned by the bearer, 
 
 February 19. 
 
 William Porter, burgess of Newcastle, gives to "Sir" Thomas 
 Hylton, chaplain, all that messuage, with its appurtenances, in 
 Pandon, situate between the messuage formerly John Baron's, and the 
 messuage of Gilbert Hawkin. Also the messuage in the street of All 
 Saints, situate between that of William Blida and that which formerly 
 belonged to Thomas Palmer. Witnesses Richard Emeldon, mayor ; 
 Thomas Frismarisco, Richard Acton, Robert Angerton, and Gilbert 
 Hawkin, bailiffs ; John Scott, John Wearmouth, John Raynauld, and 
 others. The bailiffs' names differ from those in Bourne's List. 
 
 March 3. 
 
 Judgment pronounced upon Andrew Hartcla, warden of the 
 march in Cumberland and Westmoreland, being in the king's prison at 
 Carlisle, accused of making a treacherous engagement with Robert 
 Bruce. Hartcla is to be drawn, hanged, and beheaded ; his heart 
 and entrails torn out, burnt to ashes, and the ashes cast to the winds ;
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 59 
 
 his carcase to be cut into four quarters, one to be hanged at the top of 
 the tower of Carlisle, another at the top of the tower of Newcastle, 
 the third on the bridge at York, the fourth at Shrewsbury, and his 
 head to be spiked on London Bridge. (See August 1328.) Hartcla 
 had a house in Newcastle, as appears by an- entry in the Pipe Rolls : 
 " Of William Cheesman, for the custody of a place in the parish of St. 
 John, Westgate, which was Andrew's of Articulos, adhering to the 
 Scots, the king's enemies 35." 
 
 July 3. 
 
 Dugdale relates that Sir Ralph Fitz Robert, who assumed the 
 name of Greystock, was this day, being in Gateshead at breakfast, 
 poisoned by the contrivance of Gilbert Middleton and his party, whom 
 he had besieged in the castle of Mitford. But as Middleton was 
 hung and quartered in 1318 he could not have been the culprit. 
 Dugdale adds that Greystock was buried before the high altar at 
 Newminster. 
 
 August 6. 
 
 Roger Mortimer having escaped from the Tower of London, hue 
 and cry was raised throughout the kingdom, and the keeper of the 
 castle of Newcastle, among others, received a writ directing him to 
 keep the prisoners in his castle in safe and sure custody, so that he 
 might be able to answer for them at the king's command. 
 
 September 30. 
 
 Buried in the conventual church of Tynemouth, Ada, illegiti- 
 mate daughter of the king. " Paid to the brethren of the order of 
 Preachers, Minors, Augustines, and Carmelites of Newcastle, being at 
 Tynemouth on the day of the interment of Ada, the king's daughter, 
 to each order 55., by -the hand of John Leek, brother of the before- 
 named order of Preachers. Total 2os." There were placed upon the 
 body, by the king's command, two pieces of cloth of gold. 
 
 The brethren of St. Augustine in Newcastle received a patent 
 authorising them to obtain from John Denton a piece of ground 
 adjoining their convent, measuring 28 feet in length, and 160 in 
 breadth. (See 1325.)
 
 6o NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 1324. 
 
 17 and 1 8 EDWARD II. 
 Bishop of Durham Louis Beaumont. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 Richard Emeldon Mayor. 
 
 Thomas Frismarisco, William, or Gilbert, Hawkin, ) .,.. 
 William Burnton, Hugh Hecham, I 
 
 Mayor and Bailiff's elected at Michaelmas : 
 Mayor Richard Emeldon. 
 
 J Thomas Frismarisco, Gilbert Hawkin, 
 
 atltffs, | William Burnton, Robert HalliwelL 
 
 ARLIAMENT was summoned to meet at Westminster 
 on the 2Oth January, and was prorogued to the 23d 
 February. 
 
 Richard Emeldon and Gilbert Hawkyn 
 
 represented Newcastle. In a second parliament held at London in 
 the autumn, the boroughs were not represented. 
 
 An invasion from France was apprehended this year. On the 
 2$d July a writ was sent to the mayor, bailiffs, and good men of 
 Newcastle, commanding them to appoint certain faithful men to 
 watch and guard the coast and the river. In August commissions of 
 array were appointed in the various counties, and those of Nor- 
 thumberland were to levy sixty men, with aketdns and haubergeons, 
 etc., and a hundred and eighty men with aketons, bacinets, etc. 
 September 21. Writs were addressed to the cities and boroughs 
 requesting and exhorting them, by the faith and friendship which they 
 bore the king, to raise foot soldiers and equip them for his service. 
 The contribution from the town of Newcastle was fixed at sixty men. 
 Later on the French attacked the English possessions in Gascony, 
 and in December commissions of array and writs were again set in 
 motion throughout the kingdom. John Fenwick and William Felton 
 were to raise 100 hobelars in Northumberland, and the bishop of 
 Durham was ordered to assemble men-at-arms, hobelars, and foot 
 soldiers, the best, most valiant, and most sufficient, and in as great 
 numbers as he was able, and all of them were to be at Portsmouth, 
 under the command of proper leaders, by the i/th March 1325.
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 61 
 
 January 22. 
 
 John Plessy releases to Robert Coc, or Cock, of Newcastle, all right 
 in a rent of 73. 6d. out of land at Blagdon, all claim to a yearly rent of 
 6d. for castle ward, as for scutage, homage, relief, cornage, and all 
 other foreign or military service ; also common of pasture, right to 
 pull heather, dig turf, etc. 
 
 January 24. 
 
 Thomas Frismarisco and Thomas Daulyn appointed collectors of 
 the customs upon wools, etc., at Newcastle, and all places on the coast 
 from thence to Berwick ; John Nesbit and Roger Goswick to fill 
 similar offices for Hartlepool and Yarm. 
 
 March 10. 
 
 Alan of Gateshead, priest, custodian of the altar of the blessed 
 Mary, in the north porch of the church of Gateshead, with the consent 
 and assent of all the commonalty of the vill, grants to Roger 
 Redesdale of Newcastle all that tenement, with appurtenances, in 
 Gateshead, as the same is situate in Akelwelgate, in breadth from the 
 king's way thence to the demesne lands of the lord bishop of Durham, 
 and in length between land of Peter Fuller on the one part, and land 
 of one Thomas Mylis on the other part. To have and to hold to the 
 said Roger, his heirs and assigns, of him and his successors, custodians 
 of the said altar, freely, quietly, in whole, well, and peaceably for ever, 
 rendering thereout annually to the said Alan and his successors at 
 the said altar four shillings at two half-yearly terms, etc. Witnesses 
 John Gategang, Thomas Vaus, Peter Lewe, Walter Potter, Richard 
 Tcscdale, and others. 
 
 May 24. 
 
 Charter from the king, granting to Richard Emeldon of Newcastle 
 [mayor and M.P.], in part allowance for his long service and great 
 losses in the wars with Scotland, the manor of Silksworth, with its 
 appurtenances, in the bishopric of Durham, forfeited by the attainder 
 of Robert Holland. 
 
 July 1 8. 
 
 Buried in St. Nicholas' churchyard, Ralph Inncks, sergeant-at- 
 arms to the king. Lawrence of Durham, merchant, supplied 12 Ibs. 
 of wax for the obsequies, at a cost of 8s. 6d. 
 
 September 15. 
 
 John Drieys, the king's " Waffrarius," died in Newcastle, and on 
 this date was buried, like Inncks above named, in St. Nicholas' 
 churchyard. William of Sancto Botho, merchant, received 8s. 6d. for
 
 62 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 supplying 12 Ibs. of wax used at the obsequies. In one of the 
 publications of the Camden Society, a waffrarius is said to be a 
 minstrel who performed tricks by sleight-of-hand a wayfaring or 
 wandering minstrel. But a local antiquary supposes, with more pro- 
 bability, that he was the officer who prepared wax for the royal seal. 
 
 Richard Blenkyn conveys to John, called Multgreve, a tenement 
 in Gateshead, lying between land of Gilbert the' weaver and the 
 vennel that leads to St. Elyn's well. The well of St. Helen, or 
 Helena, is mentioned in other deeds relating to Gateshead. (See 
 1403-) 
 
 About this time the sheriff of Northumberland was ordered to sell 
 and account for all the king's waggons and carts which in the last 
 return from Scotland to Newcastle were brought back, and were then 
 in his custody. 
 
 1325. 
 
 1 8 and 19 EDWARD II. 
 Bishop of Durham Louis Beaumont. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs of Newcastle till MicJiaelmas : 
 Richard Emeldon Mayor. 
 
 Thomas Frismarisco, Gilbert Hawkin, \ -j-ff 
 
 William Burnton, Robert Halliwell, j 
 
 At Michaelmas, according to Bourne, the whole of them were 
 re-elected ; but in the return of the election to parliament Hugh 
 Hecham signs as one of the bailiffs, in place of Robert Halliwell. 
 
 ARLIAMENT was summoned to meet at Westminster 
 on the 1 8th November. 
 
 Richard Emeldon and Adam Graper 
 
 represented Newcastle. 
 Sheriff of Northumberland and keeper of the castle of Newcastle 
 this year John Fen wick. 
 
 August 4. 
 
 John of Plessy gives to Thomas Paul, burgess of Newcastle, ten 
 tofts and ten crofts, and two acres of land adjoining the south-east 
 part of the manor of Plessy, with the appurtenances in Plessy and 
 Shotton, with certain exceptions, paying annually los.
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 63 
 
 Thomas Rente of Pontoise, in a petition to parliament, states that 
 he loads his ship with wheat for Newcastle, and returns with a cargo of 
 coals. The petition is quoted by Brand as one of the earliest records 
 of the foreign exportation of coals from Newcastle. 
 
 The burgesses of Newcastle petition the king and council for a 
 remission of the payment of their fee-farm for two years, in conse- 
 quence of their heavy charges, both in defending and guarding the 
 town, as well since the late truce with Scotland as before. The 
 council recommend the king to release the burgesses from the pay- 
 ment for one year, and the king adopts this recommendation. 
 
 Died about this time, John Denton, a benefactor to the hospital of 
 St. Edmund, at Gateshead. On the ist February a number of articles 
 given by Denton to this hospital, of which he had been warden, were 
 inventoried by his executors, John Pollowe and John Darlington. 
 The inventory is published in the first volume of Durham Wills, 
 issued by the Surtees Society. Another John Denton [son of the 
 above ?] was mayor a few years later, and seems to have been executed 
 for a traitor in the autumn of 1344. (See the year 1345.) One of 
 this family may have built Denton Tower, and no doubt they gave 
 their name to Denton Chare. 
 
 1326. 
 
 19 and 20 EDWARD II. 
 Bishop of Durham Louis Beaumont. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs of Newcastle till Michaelmas As in 1325. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs elected at ]\Iichaelmas The same, with the 
 exception that Hugh Hecham replaces Robert Halliwell. 
 
 HE profligacy and licentiousness of the king, and the 
 disputes with his queen, which disgraced his reign, 
 culminated this year. Her Majesty went over to 
 France in March, and was followed by the hereditary 
 prince in August. The king of France, her brother, 
 espoused her quarrel, and about the end of September her Majesty 
 landed on the coast of Suffolk, from Dordt, in Holland. The nobles 
 ranged themselves on her side, and Edward, after attempting in vain 
 to pass over to Ireland, was found in Wales, and confined in Kenil- 
 worth Castle. Writs were issued on the 3d December in his name,
 
 64 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 stating that the king " being out of the kingdom," the queen, and his 
 eldest son Edward, " guardian of the realm," had summoned a 
 parliament to meet on the I4th of that month at Westminster, and 
 proroguing that assembly till /th January 1327. The returns for 
 Newcastle have not been preserved. 
 
 May 24. 
 
 Writ addressed to the mayor, bailiffs, and good men of Newcastle, 
 commanding them to cause two of the most wealthy and respectable 
 burgesses of the town, engaged in the wool, leather, or tin trades, to 
 appear at London, at the house of the Preaching Friars, on the I2th 
 June, there to meet representatives from York, Lincoln, and other 
 places, for the purpose of electing a mayor of the staple. 
 
 June 10. 
 
 License of mortmain granted by the king to John Felton, 
 chaplain, to assign to the priory of Tynemouth a messuage, with its 
 appurtenances, situated upon the " stathes " in Newcastle. This was 
 apparently a berth for lading coals on the river bank. Gibson, in the 
 History of the Monastery of Tynemouth, cites the grant as follows : 
 " Know all persons, etc., that I, John Felton, chaplain, have granted to 
 the prior, etc., all that land, with all the buildings and appurtenances 
 thereof, in the town of Newcastle, which I had of Master William 
 Bevercote, clerk, upon the ' stathes ' to the Tyne, and whatever could 
 be gained from that water." Witnesses Richard Emeldon, chief 
 bailiff of Newcastle ; Thomas Frismarisco, Gilbert Hawkin, William 
 Burnton, Hugh Hatham [Hecham], sub-bailiffs of the same town ; 
 Nicholas Carliol, Peter Graper, Thomas Carliol, Adam Galeway, 
 Lawrence Durham, Robert Halliwell, and others. Date of grant from 
 Felton, 25th July 1326. 
 
 September 28. 
 
 Mandate from the king, at the Tower of London, to the mayot 
 and bailiffs of Newcastle, and other places. " Whereas our traitor and 
 mortal enemy, and as such attainted and adjudged in full parliament, 
 according to the laws and usages of our realm, Roger Mortimer, 
 together with other traitors and notorious enemies, and other aliens, 
 have entered our realm, and in their company our wife, our son, and 
 our brother, the Earl of Kent, etc., and our said wife has written, and 
 still writes, daily, divers letters to the archbishops, bishops, prelates, 
 etc., and to the commons of cities and towns, and to private persons, 
 to draw to them the hearts and wills of our people, the better to 
 accomplish their false encompassments, etc. We command and 
 charge you, upon the faith and allegiance which you owe to us, that if
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 65 
 
 any letters come to you from our said wife, son, or brother, or any of 
 our enemies in their company, that without delay you seize the 
 messengers and bearers, together with the letters, and send them 
 to us immediately, without opening the letters, etc. And if any man 
 come without a letter from our said wife, or other in her company, for 
 to treat and speak of anything touching them, do to him in like 
 manner. And we command you that you make to be proclaimed in 
 your town, that if our said wife, or any of our enemies in her company, 
 send to any man a letter, or other order as aforesaid, the bearer is to 
 be arrested and sent to us, etc. And we prohibit all persons, under 
 pain of forfeiture, to receive, comfort, aid, or favour in any point our 
 said wife, son, or brother, as they shall answer to us, etc. And all 
 these things do, and cause to be done, without evasion or delay ; and 
 to all of your said town make known these things, that they and you, 
 and each of you, may do them, under pain of forfeiture of body and 
 goods." 
 
 Died this year, Sir Adam Swinburne, knight, who was sheriff of 
 Northumberland from 1315 to 1317, and as such had the custody of 
 the castle of Newcastle. He had also the custody of the palatinate 
 of Durham entrusted to his care after the death of Bishop Kellawe in 
 1316. Edward II., according to Leland, arrested him because he had 
 spoken about the state of the marches too sharply to the king himself, 
 a proceeding which galled his nephew, Gilbert Middleton, into open 
 rebellion. (See 1317.) Sir Adam was accused, after his release, of 
 joining his nephew, and when his grandson, Gerard Widdrington, 
 granted some lands in the county to Roger Widdrington, husband of 
 Elizabeth, the only daughter of Richard Acton and Maud Emeldon, 
 the escheator of Northumberland seized them, on the ground that Sir 
 Adam had forfeited them by adhering to Middleton's cause, but 
 Edward III., in 1358, restored them " for good considerations and io/." 
 
 The mayor of Newcastle, Richard Emeldon, appointed to super- 
 intend the repairs of the castle of Prudhoe, which was in the hands 
 of the crown : " The king to Roger Mowbray, constable of the 
 castle of Prudhoe, greeting : We send you warning that you cause to 
 be applied in the repair and restoration of the castle aforesaid, 
 moreover, in the construction of a certain peel beyond the gates of the 
 same castle, for the greater safety, etc., a sum not exceeding twenty 
 marks of the issues of your bailiwick, through the view and testimony 
 of Richard Emeldon, mayor of Newcastle-upon-Tyne."
 
 66 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 1327- 
 
 20 EDWARD II. i EDWARD III. 
 
 Bishop of Durham Louis Beaumont. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 
 Richard Emeldon Mayor. 
 
 Thomas Frismarisco, William Burnton, ) p a tfjff Sm 
 
 Gilbert Hawkin, Hugh Hecham, j 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs elected at Michaelmas : 
 Mayor Sir Nicholas Scott. 
 
 j Thomas Hawkin, Gilbert Hawkin, 
 
 ' ( William Burnton, Roger Angerton. 
 
 Sheriff of Northumberland and keeper of the castle of Newcastle- 
 John Lisle of Woodburn. 
 
 1ARLIAMENT met on the ;th of January, but the 
 returns for Newcastle cannot be found. All the peers 
 and commoners were asked if they preferred the father 
 or the son to reign, and they unanimously chose the 
 son. Prince Edward, a lad of fourteen, was thereupon 
 
 proclaimed king by the name of Edward III., but he refused to accept 
 the dignity during his father's lifetime. Commissioners were sent to 
 Edward II. at Kenilworth, where the captive monarch renounced the 
 royal dignity, and handed over the crown, sceptre, and other insignia 
 of sovereignty. The scruples of the prince were thus removed, and he 
 commenced his reign on the 24th January, and was crowned on the 
 29th. His first parliament was summoned to meet at Lincoln on the 
 1 5th September, and the burgesses of Newcastle were ordered, as 
 usual, to send two of their number to represent them. But the bailiffs 
 returned the writ with an endorsement that the protection of the town 
 was so onerous that no one could be spared. 
 
 The Scots, taking advantage of the troubles in England about the 
 sovereignty, threw obstacles in the way of the negotiations, which had 
 been pending since 1323, for a permanent treaty of peace. Bruce had 
 agreed to a meeting on the marches on the Sunday [i/th May] before 
 Ascension Day to. renew the negotiations; but it was believed in 
 England that his army would assemble on the march, and that if he
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 67 
 
 could not obtain a treaty on his own terms, he would again invade 
 England. Thereupon, all the military vassals of Edward were sum- 
 moned to meet the young king at Newcastle the week after the 
 Ascension, and all the great cities and towns in the kingdom were 
 asked to contribute men and horses at the king's cost, and without 
 prejudice to their liberties, to assist in repelling the enemy. The 
 king came to York with his council, and his uncle, the Duke of 
 Norfolk, to Newcastle, to take charge of the great military expedition. 
 The conference on the marches came to nothing, and by the middle of 
 June the Scots crossed the border, ravaging the country to within a 
 short distance of Newcastle, but were repelled and obliged to return 
 to their own territory. A month later they again crossed the border, 
 and by way of Cumberland harassed the western parts of Northumber- 
 land and Durham. On the 1 5th July the king was at Durham, with 
 an army of 100,000 men, and the troops, after suffering great hardships, 
 and crossing the Tyne twice in search of the Scots, found them at 
 Stanhope, and vainly endeavoured to give them battle. The Scots 
 were entrenched on a hill, and could not be approached without great 
 hazard ; and they declined to cross the Wear and fight on even 
 ground. Some skirmishing took place, and in one of these expedi- 
 tions the king was surprised in the night, and narrowly escaped 
 capture. Finally, one dark, moonless night, the Scots precipitately 
 fled, leaving behind them large quantities of stores, and in three days 
 were safely landed on their own side the marches. The English army 
 was disbanded, and another conference was appointed to be held in 
 Newcastle in December, safe-conduct being granted to the magnates 
 and 100 men of Scotland for that purpose. At this conference 
 substantial progress towards the conclusion of a peace was made, and 
 before the year closed prospects were so hopeful that parliament was 
 summoned to meet at York in February, to deliberate upon the articles 
 proposed for effecting a final pacification. 
 
 It is noticeable that in the history of all this border warfare there 
 is scarcely a record of an attack upon Newcastle. The burgesses 
 were no doubt in a state of constant anxiety and watchfulness, and 
 must have been at no small expense in connection with the frequent 
 military gatherings, and the various royal commissions that were held 
 here. But they were a thriving and industrious people, and protected 
 by their own strong walls, and enriched by royal and courtly favour, 
 and by the new trade in coal which was just springing up, they enjoyed 
 an unusual measure of prosperity. This year the king acknowledged 
 their services by granting them, for seven years, the toll of goods sold 
 in the borough, as his contribution towards the reparation of the walls 
 of the town.
 
 68 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 April 3. 
 
 King Edward III. sends from Huntingdon an order to the mayor 
 and bailiffs of Newcastle, and the authorities of other towns, that no 
 abbot, prior, brother of the orders of Preachers, Minors, or Carmelites, 
 or any other religions of whatsoever condition, be allowed to leave for 
 places outside of his kingdom without his special license. 
 
 May i. 
 
 Mandate from the king reciting that his father had ordained the 
 staples of wool, hides, wool-fells, etc., to be at Newcastle, York, and 
 six other places in England, and certain towns in Ireland and Wales, 
 and among other things had provided that merchants taking wools, 
 etc., to these staples should not remove them outside his dominion 
 until after forty days, and that in certain letters of his father fifteen 
 days had been mentioned as the period, whereby some confusion had 
 arisen ; therefore, proclamation is to be made by the mayor and bailiffs 
 of Newcastle and other places, that the correct time for wools, etc., 
 remaining at the staple, before they can be removed, is forty days, and 
 not fifteen, etc. 
 
 August i. 
 
 The king at Stanhope sends his mandate to the mayor and bailiffs 
 of Newcastle, stating that he has the same day ordered his receiver 
 of victuals at Newcastle, John Charlton, to forward with all the haste 
 he can, by night and by day, all manner of victuals for the sustenance 
 of the king and his army there encamped in face of the enemy. The 
 king commands the mayor and bailiffs to provide Charlton with 
 means of transit for his stores, and to give him aid and counsel. 
 They are also to proclaim and publish in the town that all men-of- 
 arms, under pain of forfeiture of life and member, are to come to him 
 with victuals for six days ; and that merchants and others who have 
 victuals to sell, are to proceed to Stanhope with the same, where they 
 will find ready payment. On the 5th, dating from the same place, 
 the king appoints Robert of Nottingham to be supervisor of victuals 
 in Newcastle for the operations in Scotland, and commands Charlton 
 to assist him. 
 
 Order from the king to the collectors of the old and new customs 
 in Newcastle, to pay ioo/. out of the customs to Henry Percy and his 
 men, for expenses in the king's service in the marches towards 
 Scotland. 
 
 Simon Friskenade and Thomas Frismarisco appointed collectors 
 of the customs on wool, etc., in Newcastle.
 
 Thomas Hawkin, William Burnton, 
 
 Gilbert Hawkin, Roger Angerton 
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 69 
 
 1328. 
 
 i and 2 EDWARD III. 
 
 / 
 Bishop of Durham Louis Beaumont. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 Sir Nicholas Scott Mayor. 
 
 }> \Bailiffs. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs elected at Michaelmas : 
 Mayor Nicholas Carliol. 
 
 P Tff f Thomas Carliol, Thomas Frismarisco, 
 
 ' 1 Roger Hecham, Henry Newton. 
 
 Sheriff of Northumberland and keeper of the castle of Newcastle 
 John Lisle of Woodburn. 
 
 N the parliament that assembled at York on the 7th 
 February to discuss terms of peace with Robert Bruce, 
 Newcastle was represented by the venerable 
 
 Richard Emeldon and Thomas Daulyn. 
 
 The king, who had been married a fortnight before to Philippa, 
 daughter of the Earl of Hainault, issued orders to the bishop of 
 Durham, the magistrates of Newcastle, and the sheriffs of Northumber- 
 land and Yorkshire, to treat honourably a hundred Scotchmen on 
 their way to meet the English parliament. Satisfactory terms of 
 peace were arranged at this great conference ; the king of England 
 renounced his claim to the sovereignty of Scotland, and King Robert 
 Bruce agreed to pay 20,ooo/. in three years as consideration for this 
 formal withdrawal of the claim, and for damages done by him and 
 his subjects in England. It was also arranged that Bruce's son 
 David should marry Joan, King Edward's sister. Another parlia- 
 ment was ordered to meet at Northampton on the 24th April, where 
 the treaty was confirmed, the members for Newcastle being 
 Richard Emeldon and Adam Graper. 
 
 There were two other parliaments this year, but the returns for 
 Newcastle cannot be found.
 
 70 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 August 8. 
 
 Mandate from the king to the mayor and bailiffs of Newcastle to 
 deliver to Sara, wife of Robert Leyburn, sister of Andrew Hartcla, the 
 bones of the quarter of Hartcla's body, which, in 1323, had been hung 
 upon the tower of the castle, in order that she might cause them to be 
 buried. A similar order is given to the authorities of London, etc. 
 
 The king pardoned and remitted to the burgesses of Newcastle, 
 as a recompense for the great losses they had sustained by the 
 frequent incursions of the Scots, all debts due to the exchequer, 
 forfeited rents, and chattels of felons, and all debts and arrears owing 
 to him or his progenitors, except debts for victuals which they had 
 purchased of his father. 
 
 Richard Emeldon, who in 1324 received from King Edward II., for 
 good service and loss by the Scottish wars, the manor of Silksworth, 
 petitions the king and council, stating that Robert Holland has raised 
 a dispute about the said manor, by reason of a fine levied in the court 
 of the bishop of Durham, within whose franchise the manor is situated, 
 between the Earl of Lancaster and the said Robert, by which fine the 
 said earl contends the manor is the right of Robert, as that which he 
 had of his gift ; and for that recognisance the said Robert granted and 
 rendered the said manor to the said earl for life, so that after the earl's 
 decease the manor should revert to Robert and his heirs ; through 
 which dispute the petitioner cannot have his profits in the manor as he 
 ought to do. The petitioner prays the king and council to ordain that 
 he and his heirs may hold the manor peaceably. The reply of the 
 king and council is that Emeldon, and no other person, is seised of 
 the lands which belonged to Robert Holland, that no one can deprive 
 him of them without responsibility to the common law, that when- 
 soever he shall be impleaded he can call to his aid the royal charter, 
 and the king will take it into consideration, so that he shall suffer no 
 loss.
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 71 
 
 1329. 
 
 2 and 3 EDWARD III. 
 Bishop of Durham Louis Beaumont. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs, January to Michaelmas : 
 Nicholas Carliol Mayor. 
 
 Thomas Carliol, Roger Hecham, ) .,.. 
 
 Thomas Frismarisco, Henry Newton, ) 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs elected at Michaelmas : 
 
 Mayor Richard Emeldon. 
 
 .... [ William Burnton, Hugh Hecham, 
 
 y> t John Denton, Robert Halliwell. 
 
 Sheriff of Northumberland and keeper of the castle of Newcastle 
 Robert Horncliff. 
 
 HE fourth parliament of 1328, summoned to meet at 
 Salisbury i6th October, was adjourned to Westminster, 
 to meet on the pth February this year. The returns 
 for Newcastle are lost. 
 
 King Robert Bruce died of a leprosy in June, 
 and his only son David, aged six years and three months (already 
 married to King Edward's sister Joan, about two years older), 
 succeeded him, under the guardianship of the Earl of Murray. 
 
 April 26. 
 
 Mandate from the king at Wallingford to, amongst others, the 
 mayor and bailiffs of Newcastle, reciting that for good reason he 
 had caused proclamation to be made throughout the kingdom, 
 prohibiting any earl, baron, soldier, yeoman, or other man-at-arms, 
 of whatsoever state or condition, from leaving the kingdom for foreign 
 parts without special license, under penalty of forfeiting all that 
 he could be made to forfeit ; and commanding the mayor and bailiffs 
 to see that this proclamation be strictly observed in the port of 
 Newcastle. 
 
 April 28. 
 
 Letters from the king to the keeper of the kingdom of Dacia, 
 Henry Swart, burgess of Wismar, and the Earl of Holland, on behalf 
 of Robert Musgrave, merchant and burgess of Newcastle, against 
 certain pirates who had plundered his ship called The Good Year.
 
 72 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 William Heron founded a chantry, dedicated to St. Ann, in the 
 chapel of St. Thomas the Martyr, at the end of Tyne Bridge, and 
 endowed it with an annual rent of six marks, arising from tenements 
 in the Sandhill, to find a priest to say mass, and to pray for his 
 soul and all Christian souls for ever. 
 
 Hugh Hecham, limeburner [the same name as that of one of the 
 bailiffs this year, who was afterwards mayor], is reported to the mayor 
 of London by petition of the inhabitants of Tower Ward, "in that 
 he has caused all those who are of his trade to make oath that 
 whereas people used heretofore to have one sack of lime for one 
 penny, or at the rate of 33. 6d. per hundred, at this time, when 
 sea-coal was selling at 4od. per quarter, now one is not to have of 
 the said Hugh any sack of lime for less than i^>d. or 2d., or else 
 at the rate of 6s. or 55. the hundred, either from him or from any other 
 of the trade, by reason of his great conspiracy, seeing that at present 
 the value of sea-coal for this year is no more than i6d. per quarter." 
 Order was made in Guildhall fixing the price of lime, which order 
 Hecham disregarded, and being found guilty, " it was awarded that he 
 should lose his freedom and go to prison." The principal use of sea-coal 
 at this period appears to have been the burning of lime. " Sea- 
 coal Lane, by Fleet Bridge," was also called Limeburner's Lane. 
 (See 1355.) 
 
 Robert Tughale and John Denton appointed collectors of customs 
 in Newcastle. 
 
 1330. 
 
 3 and 4 EDWARD III. 
 Bishop of Durham Louis Beaumont. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 Richard Emeldon Mayor. 
 
 William Burnton, John Denton, ") p , 
 
 Hugh Hecham, Robert Halliwell, j 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs elected at Michaelmas : 
 Mayor William Burnton. 
 
 n .j.rr f Hu^h Hawkin, Robert Halliwell, 
 
 Bailiffs, \ 
 
 (. John Denton, Waleran Lumley.
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 73 
 
 Sheriff of Northumberland and keeper of the castle of Newcastle 
 Robert Horncliff. 
 
 ]WO parliaments assembled this year. The first was 
 summoned to meet at Winchester, nth March 1329-30 
 (Newcastle returns not found), the other at West- 
 minster on the 26th of November, when Newcastle 
 was represented by its newly elected mayor, 
 
 William Burnton, and Gilbert Hawkin, 
 for many years one of the bailiffs. 
 
 May 1 6. 
 
 The king granted a license of mortmain to John Baroun of 
 Newcastle, empowering him to assign to the prior and brethren of 
 the Dominican or Black Friars, a piece of ground contiguous to 
 their monastery, near the West Gate (measuring in length sixty feet, 
 arid in breadth about the same), for the purpose of enlarging their 
 premises. 
 
 September 5. 
 
 Grant to William Herrington of Gateshead, and Isolda, his wife, 
 from Alan, priest in the said vill, of all that tenement in Gateshead, 
 lying between land formerly Thomas Bell's, and land of Robert 
 Godinboure, chaplain, and extending in breadth from the king's way 
 thence to the High Street to a garden on the back thereof on the 
 west, to have and to hold, etc., of the chief lord of the fee by the 
 service therefore due, and of right accustomed, freely, quietly, and in 
 whole for ever, rendering thereout annually three shillings at the two 
 terms in the year, etc. Witnesses Peter Lewe, bailiff of the vill 
 of Gateshead, John Gategang, Walter Potter, Thomas Vaux, Thomas 
 Foy, John Garden, Cuthbert the clerk, and others. 
 
 September 21. 
 
 Alan, son of Roger, priest, and Alan, priest of Gateshead, confirmed 
 to Roger Thorington, chaplain to the chantry of the Virgin in the 
 parish church of Gateshead, and situate in the north porch thereof, 
 ten messuages in Gateshead, with an annual rent charge of 6s. 8d. 
 arising from another in the same place. After their death the com- 
 monalty of Gateshead were to be the patrons of the chantry, and each 
 successive chaplain was to be sworn before the rector of Gateshead. 
 (See confirmation in 1403.) 
 
 October 23. 
 
 Alan, priest of the vill of Gateshead, grants to William the miller, 
 of the same, and Marion, his wife, all that tenement in the same vill as
 
 74 
 
 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 it adjoins in length the land of Edmund Gategang on the one part, 
 and land of Gilbert Bell on the other, and extending in breadth from 
 the king's way, thence to the High Street, back to a garden on the 
 west. To hold of, etc. Witnesses Peter Lewe, bailiff of the afore- 
 said vill ; John Gategang, Walter Potter, Thomas Vaux, John Garden, 
 James Gategang, Cuthbert the clerk, and many others. 
 
 A charter of confirmation granted by the king to the burgesses of 
 Newcastle, as was usual at the beginning of a new reign. 
 
 The prior and brethren of Tynemouth demised to Adam Colewell, 
 from the feast of St. Martin until the same feast a year turned, for 
 i oos., payable at Whitsuntide and Martinmas (the first payment to 
 begin at the Whitsuntide next following), the colliery at Elswick 
 called the Heygrove, or High Grove [mine]. Memorandum, that 
 another new colliery which Hugh Hecham once held in the west field 
 of Elswick, had been leased to the said Adam Colewell for a payment 
 of six marks, the year to begin when he obtained coal.
 
 FOURTH DECADE 1331-4.0. 
 
 1331. 
 
 4 and 5 EDWARD III. 
 Bishop of Durham Louis Beaumont. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 
 William Burnton Mayor. 
 Hugh Havvkin, John Denton, ) 
 
 -j-rr f Hugh Hecham, 
 ** Robert Halliwell, 
 
 Robert Halliwell, Waleran Lumley, J 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs elected at Michaelmas : 
 Mayor Richard Emeldon. 
 
 John Denton, 
 Waleran Lumley. 
 
 In place of the two latter the charter of Sibil Gategang, quoted 
 below, mentions Gilbert Hawkin and Richard Scott as bailiffs. 
 Brand finds Thomas Daulyn named as one of the bailiffs in a record 
 of this date, and the Collectanea confirms this. (See on next page the 
 deed Algoy to Pulhore.) 
 
 HE Newcastle representatives at an autumn session 
 of parliament held at Westminster were 
 John Denton and Robert Tughale. 
 Sheriff of Northumberland and keeper of 
 Newcastle part of the year William Tindale. 
 
 April 24. 
 
 William Godeman, senior, of Newcastle, con- 
 veys to Robert Halliwell, burgess of the town, 22| acres of land in 
 Jcsmond field, with common of pasture from the town of Newcastle to 
 the said lands. Sir John Lilburn, sheriff of Northumberland, John
 
 ;6 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 Fawdon, lord of the same vill [Jesmond], and Robert Milbourne, 
 coroner, are among the witnesses. 
 
 July 2. 
 
 Alice, widow of Simon Algoy, conveys to " Sir " John Pulhore, 
 chaplain, a messuage in Pilgrim Street, Newcastle, situate between 
 the messuage of William Carliol and that of " Sir " Adam Colewell, 
 chaplain, which said messuage Robert Galon and Maria, his wife, held 
 during life, and which, after the death of Maria, returned to Alice, the 
 transferror. Witnesses Richard Emeldon, mayor ; Thomas Daulyn, 
 Hugh Hecham, Robert Halliwell, and Waleran Lumley, bailiffs ; 
 Robert Sorrais, Robert Cook, Alan Pulhore, John Duxfield, and 
 others. 
 
 September 23. 
 
 The king grants a license of mortmain to Adam Colewell, chaplain, 
 to assign three roods and a-half of land in Newcastle, contiguous to 
 the house of the Augustine Friars, near the king's manor, for the 
 purpose of enlarging it ; with a proviso that the mayor and com- 
 monalty of the town shall have sufficient space between this 
 convent and the town wall to ride in for the custody and defence 
 thereof. 
 
 October 24. 
 
 Date of a deed in which William Burden, vicar of Newcastle, 
 conveys to William Kibblesworth, and Cecilia, his wife, all his manor 
 in the vill of Cramlington, with the demesne lands and two acres of 
 pasture adjoining ; a fourth part of the lordship of the vill, with half 
 the advowson of the chapel of St. Nicholas in the same, with all and 
 singular the lands and tenements, etc., which he had by the gift of 
 John Trewyk, in Cramlington and Whitelawe. The vicar's seal to 
 this document is a Roman gem, apparently representing Cupid riding 
 a lion, which Mr. Longstaffe conjectures the reverend vicar may have 
 picked up in his own churchyard. 
 
 Gilbert Mitford, late wool-weigher in Newcastle, appointed deputy 
 comptroller of the customs in that port. 
 
 The king granted to William Acton of Newcastle, for ten years, on 
 payment of 2os. per annum, a toft and thirty acres of land in West 
 Swinburne, which formerly belonged to John Middleton, the king's 
 enemy. 
 
 Bourne places under this year a charter from Sibil Gategang, prioress 
 of the nuns of St. Bartholomew in Newcastle, to John Wedirhall, shoe- 
 maker, of a booth in the Market Place, "as it lies in length and
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 77 
 
 breadth between the booth of Thomas Carliol on the one side, and 
 the booth of Richard Fonde on the other ; " paying every year six 
 shillings of silver, half at the feast of Whitsuntide, and the other half 
 at the feast of St. Martin in the winter. Witnesses Richard 
 Emeldon, chief bailiff of the town of Newcastle, John Denton, Gilbert 
 Hawkin, Hugh Hecham, and Richard Scott, his sub-bailiffs; 
 Laurence Durham, Adam Page, Gilbert Duxfield, and others. 
 
 About this time Roger, priest of Gateshead, grants to "Sir" Alan, 
 priest of Gateshead, his brother, a tenement in Gateshead with its 
 appurtenances, lying between the lands of Christopher the plumber, 
 on the north, and the land of Thomas Wolls, on the south, by the pay- 
 ment of , " in return for that which Alan lent to me in my great 
 
 necessity." Witnesses William , bailiff of Gateshead, John 
 
 Gategang, William Bowes, John Cholter, John Colyer, and others. 
 Similarly [date wanting], John, son and heir of Adam Furbury, or 
 Fulbury, of Newcastle, grants to Alan the priest all his land in Gates- 
 head. [Alan the priest was the reputed founder of the chantries of St. 
 Mary and the Holy Trinity in Gateshead Church. See 1330 and 1403.] 
 
 1332. 
 
 5 and 6 EDWARD III. 
 Bishop of Durham Louis Beaumont. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 Richard Emeldon Mayor. 
 
 Hugh Hecham and John Denton, Bailiffs. The names of the 
 other bailiffs, for reasons given in the preceding year, are uncertain. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs elected at Michaelmas : 
 Mayor Richard Emeldon. 
 
 p .,.. f Hugh Hecham, John Denton, 
 
 ' (. Robert Halliwell, Waleran Lumley. 
 
 parliaments were summoned to meet this year. 
 To the first, at Westminster, on the i6th March, 
 Newcastle sent 
 
 Richard Emeldon and John Denton. 
 
 The writ for the second parliament, to meet in 
 September, was returned by the sheriff of Northum- 
 berland, endorsed with a memorandum that in both county and town
 
 ;8 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 there were fears of the peace between England and Scotland being 
 broken, that it was not convenient for anybody to leave home, and 
 that, therefore, neither knights nor burgesses had been elected. There 
 is an endorsement made by the sheriff on the writ for the third 
 parliament, but it cannot be deciphered. 
 
 Lord Henry Beaumont and other English nobles entered Scotland 
 by sea in August, and after severe fighting crowned Edward Baliol as 
 king. Ridpath states that king Edward disapproved of this enter- 
 prise, but its success encouraged him to agree to acknowledge Baliol 
 on condition of the latter doing homage, and ceding Berwick to the 
 English crown. While the disturbances in Scotland were progressing 
 the king came to York, and sent two of his attendants to Newcastle 
 to treat with two envoys from Regent Murray, "guardian of Scotland," 
 about certain affairs which these envoys had been sent to propose to 
 the king in person, but one of them, Robert Lowder, being seized 
 with a dangerous illness in Newcastle, was unable to proceed any- 
 further. 
 
 March 29. 
 
 The king by letters patent granted to his mother, Queen Isabella, 
 amongst other income to be held for her life, the annual farm of ioo/. 
 from the town of Newcastle. 
 
 October 26. 
 
 Dating from York, the king informs John Darcy and William 
 Denum that Robert Lowder, knight, and Randal More, coming to him 
 from the keeper of Scotland on special business, have fallen sick at 
 Newcastle, and that it is not possible for them without peril, 
 as Robert Horncliff testifies, to proceed further. His Majesty 
 therefore commissions Darcy and Denum to proceed personally to 
 Newcastle, examine the credentials of the travellers, treat with them 
 in his name on the matter concerning which they have journeyed, and 
 report the result as soon as possible. 
 
 The prior and convent of Tynemouth lease to Ralph Bullock, 
 from the 25th March to ist August, the colliery of the West Field at 
 Elswick, on payment each week of 2s.
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 79 
 
 I333- 
 
 6 and 7 EDWARD III. 
 Bishops of Durham Louis Beaumont and Richard Bury. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 
 Richard Emeldon and Richard Acton, in succession, Mayors. 
 
 Hugh Hecham, John Denton, 
 
 1 Bailiffs. 
 ', J 
 
 Robert Halliwell, Waleran Lumley 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs elected at Michaelmas : 
 Mayor John Denton. 
 
 ( Hugh Hecham, Gilbert Havvkin, 
 
 Bailiffs, | Waleran Lum ie y) Robert Halliwell. 
 
 The alteration in the names of the mayors from those given by 
 Bourne is made upon what appears to be good authority. Under the 
 date 1333, Bourne has Richard Acton mayor, but unless he filled the 
 chair from the date of his father-in-law Emeldon's death, which 
 Hodgson records as occurring "7th Edward III.," it is difficult to 
 see how he can have held the office, for in an inquisition upon the 
 castle, dated 24th June 1334, and in a deed conveying a chantry in 
 All Saints to Peter Graper, dated 25th September in that year, John 
 Denton is clearly shown to be mayor indicating that he was elected 
 at Michaelmas 1333. If Acton appeared no more in the lists, it 
 might be supposed that he died shortly after his election, and that 
 Denton succeeded him, but in the deed to Peter Graper, Richard 
 Acton signs as a witness along with Denton. The above arrange- 
 ment, therefore, assigning Acton's term of office to that part of 1333 
 in which Emeldon's death left the mayoralty vacant, seems to square 
 best with the facts, although the point is not free from difficulty. 
 
 Sheriff of Northumberland and keeper of the castle Roger 
 Mauduit. 
 
 HE third parliament of 1332 was prorogued at the 
 close of the year to meet at York on the 2Oth 
 January. It is not certain that any members for 
 Newcastle were returned. The writ, as before 
 stated, bears an illegible endorsement, perhaps an 
 excuse like that of the preceding year. 
 
 By the commencement of the year Baliol had 
 driven the young king David Bruce across the border, and mutual 
 incursions followed. Edward sent a portion of his army to besiege
 
 So NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 Berwick, and came north with the rest of his troops soon after. He 
 arrived in Newcastle about the i8th April, whence he wrote to the 
 sheriffs of counties for provisions, to the prelates of the kingdom solicit- 
 ing their prayers for the success of his expedition, and to the king of 
 Castile and the Earl of Flanders, desiring that they would refrain 
 from assisting the Scots. The king's letter to the Earl of Flanders 
 is dated from Newcastle on the 27th. Then, ordering ships from 
 various ports to be at Newcastle on the feast of the Ascension, he 
 set out for Berwick, and on the iQth July the victory of Halidon Hill, 
 where Edward led his men in person with much courage, settled for a 
 time the question of Scottish sovereignty. David Bruce, with his 
 youthful wife, Edward's sister, was conveyed to France, and Baliol was 
 seated on the throne of Scotland as a vassal of England. At the end 
 of July king Edward returned to Newcastle, where he issued pro- 
 clamations dating from the ist to the 4th August, and then proceeded 
 with his army to the south. 
 
 January 28. 
 
 Yielding to a petition from the men of Newcastle, the king, on this 
 date, gave the town a charter, by which the mayor for the time being 
 was appointed to be the king's escheator an officer who rendered 
 account for all lands and profits falling to the Crown by forfeiture, or 
 by the death of a tenant of the king without heirs. The charter reads 
 as follows : " Know ye that for good and laudable service to us and 
 our progenitors, by our beloved Richard Emeldon, now mayor of our 
 town of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, and other burgesses, many times 
 rendered, with the assent of the prelates, earls, barons, and others, in 
 our present parliament assembled [at York], we give, and this our 
 charter confirms, to the said burgesses and their heirs and successors, 
 that the mayor of the said town for the time being shall be the 
 escheator of us and our heirs in the same town and its liberties, and 
 that he shall make and exercise the office of escheator in the same 
 without interference in any manner of our escheators, or sub-eschcators, 
 for the time being, or other the minister of us, our heirs, or others ; so 
 that of the issues and profits thence arising, he shall respond to us as 
 shall be due." Richard Emeldon, the first escheator-mayor, did not 
 long enjoy his office. He died soon after his appointment, having 
 served his king and his fellow-burgesses for many years in offices of 
 trust and honour. He had been mayor of Newcastle several times ; 
 had represented the town in parliament, and when the Earl of 
 Lancaster and other nobles were attainted, he fulfilled the office of 
 keeper for the king of their castles, lands, and tenements, receiving 
 from the grateful monarch the manor of Silksworth for his services.
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 81 
 
 Three of his four daughters were united in marriage to prominent 
 men in Newcastle and the county of Northumberland. Agnes 
 became the wife of Peter Graper the younger, who, like his father and 
 father-in-law, was several times bailiff and mayor, and at least once 
 was returned to Parliament. Maud, or Matilda, married Richard 
 Acton who seems to have filled the office of mayor during the 
 interval between Emeldon's death and Michaelmas Monday and 
 after Acton's decease she entered into a matrimonial alliance with 
 Alexander, lord of Hilton, in the county of Durham. Jane became 
 the second wife of Sir John Strivelyn, a wealthy knight ; and the 
 fourth daughter, Alice, was united in 1364, when she must have been 
 of mature age, to Nicholas Sabraham. One of Emeldon's last acts 
 was the re-founding of the chantry of St. John the Baptist and St. John 
 the Apostle, in his parish church of St. Nicholas. Bourne states that 
 he received letters patent from king Edward to erect a building upon 
 a piece of vacant ground over against the chapel of St. Thomas the 
 Martyr, on Tyne Bridge, that he might present it to three chaplains 
 to procure their prayers for him while he was living and after he was 
 dead, and for the souls of his wives, and his father and mother, etc., 
 every day at the altar of the Baptist and the Apostle, in St. Nicholas' 
 Church, which foundation was confirmed by the bishop of Durham in 
 1335. The chaplains, on the anniversary of Emeldon's death, were to 
 celebrate his memory by a solemn tolling of the bells, and devoutly 
 singing by note in the evening [vigil] of the anniversary, and on the 
 anniversary itself, mass for his soul and the souls above mentioned, 
 and the souls of all the faithful departed. And after mass one of the 
 chaplains was to distribute among a hundred and sixty poor people 
 the sum of six shillings and eightpence, and this annually for ever. 
 At his decease he was found to be possessed of property in Newcastle, 
 Jesmond, South Gosforth, Elswick, Heaton-Jesmond, Whitley, Shotton, 
 and various other places, indicating that he must have been an 
 opulent and powerful burgess. Long after his death Newcastle 
 preserved his memory in a messuage named " Emeldon Place," situate 
 " near the hospital of the Blessed Mary Magdalene, without the New 
 
 Gate." 
 
 July 7. 
 
 Letter from the king at Tweedmouth to the mayor and bailiffs of 
 Newcastle. He has heard that divers men in his service, as well 
 horsemen as foot soldiers, have deserted from the expedition into Scot- 
 land without leave of him or of his seneschals, marshals, or constables. 
 The mayor and bailiffs are to appoint good and sufficient keepers, and 
 all those who, without warrant, are absent from the Scottish operations, 
 and presume to come into the town, are to be taken into custody, and
 
 82 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 held in prison, from which they are not to be delivered without the 
 king's special mandate. 
 
 September 28. 
 
 Died, suddenly, Louis Beaumont, bishop of Durham. He was a 
 descendant of the royal blood of France, and a kinsman of the Queen 
 of England, but appears to have been quite unfit for the position he 
 occupied. " His conduct towards the convent of Durham, to whose 
 liberality he was deeply indebted, was marked," says Surtees, " by the 
 most capricious exercise of power, and by the most childish and 
 petulant expression of enmity. His character neither deserved nor 
 received mercy from the monastic historians. His ignorance, his 
 vanity, and his petulance stand recorded. To these Greystanes adds 
 avarice, which was the pander of profusion ; and prodigality, which 
 generated extortion. His private expenses were enormous ; his public 
 works were confined to the building of a spacious hall and kitchen, 
 and a chapel at his manor of Middleham." His remains were interred 
 with great funeral pomp in front of the high altar in Durham 
 Cathedral. Robert Greystanes, sub-prior and historian of the 
 cathedral, was elected by the chapter to be Beaumont's successor, 
 and was actually consecrated ; but the king obtained the Pope's 
 consent to appoint his own tutor, Richard Bury, and Greystanes 
 was displaced. 
 
 October 2. 
 
 John Thoresby appointed by the bishop of Durham to have the 
 custody of St. Edmund's hospital in Gateshead. 
 
 October 29. 
 
 The king sends his mandate to the sheriff of York, reciting that 
 after the siege of Berwick he had taken twelve hostages of the 
 
 o o 
 
 principal and most worthy men of that place to remain in safe 
 custody in England as security for the good faith of the town ; and 
 while he was in Newcastle eight of them had been redeemed, leaving 
 four in his hands namely, Nicholas Tod, John Gros, Thomas Booth, 
 and Robert Nesbit, which four the sheriff is to send, Tod and Gros to 
 the abbey of Peterborough, and Booth and Nesbit to the abbey of 
 Ramsey, in Huntingdonshire. 
 
 Master Gilbert Haughton, parson of the church at Ovingham, 
 appointed by the king to be receiver and keeper of victuals, as well 
 corn and wine as all other things whatsoever, in the town of New- 
 castle and parts adjoining, during the king's pleasure. 
 
 Mandate from the king to the mayor and bailiffs of Newcastle that
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. g* 
 
 O 
 
 they carefully examine all ships in the ports and places within their 
 bailiwick, so that no silver, in money, plate, or in bars, be taken out of 
 the kingdom without the king's license. 
 
 I334- 
 
 7 and 8 EDWARD III. 
 Bishop of Durham Richard Bury. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 John Denton Mayor. 
 
 Hugh Hecham, Gilbert Hawkin, ] .,. 
 
 Waleran Lumley, Robert Halliwell, / 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs elected at Michaelmas : 
 
 Mayor Richard Acton. 
 
 ~ f Gilbert Hawkin, Richard Scott, 
 ' (John Galloway, John Frysman [Frismarisco ?]. 
 
 The alteration in the mayoralty from Hecham [Bourne's mayor] to 
 Acton is made on the authority of a deed quoted under date 26th Sep- 
 tember 1335, wherein, a few days before the mayor choosing for 1335-6, 
 Acton signs as the occupant of the mayoralty. This deed is printed 
 in the Collectanea, and if the date is correctly quoted, Hecham could 
 not have been mayor for the municipal year 1334-5. There is also a 
 variation in the list of bailiffs, three of whom sign the deed namely, 
 Hugh Hecham himself, Gilbert Hawkin, and Robert Halliwell. 
 
 Sheriff of Northumberland and keeper of the castle of Newcastle 
 Robert Darreys. 
 
 ARLIAMENT was summoned to meet at York on 
 the 2 ist February. Newcastle was represented by 
 
 John Denton, Mayor, and Hugh Hecham. 
 
 Another parliament met at Westminster, but the 
 names of the men who represented Newcastle are 
 not known. Denton and Hecham received 3/. for 
 fifteen days' attendance. 
 
 Newcastle was this year the trysting-place of the English and 
 Scottish kings. Edward came with his court to spend the festival of 
 Pentecost [Whitsuntide], and Baliol paid him homage in solemn form,
 
 84 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 " in the presence of many great lords and commons of both nations." 
 The ceremony took place in the church of the Black Friars, near the 
 Westgate, on the ipth June, where Baliol, besides taking an oath 
 of fealty, surrendered to the English crown five Scottish counties. 
 Within three months after this transaction, Baliol's subjects were in 
 arms against him, and Edward returned to Newcastle to assist his 
 vassal. His Majesty was here with a great army from the ist to the 
 5th November, and marching to Berwick, proceeded westward in 
 company with the forces of Baliol, defending his newly-acquired 
 possessions, and laying waste those of his enemies as far as Glasgow. 
 He remained on the borders all the winter, spending his Christmas at 
 Roxburgh. 
 
 During the king's visit to Newcastle at Whitsuntide he repaired 
 the walls of the town at his own expense, and ordered an inquisition 
 to be made as to the repairs necessary to put the castle in a state of 
 efficiency. Accordingly, on the Monday before the feast of St. John 
 the Baptist [24th June], the inquisition was held before John Denton, 
 mayor, John Reynauld, Gilbert Ogle, Adam Page, and others, who 
 reported as follows : 
 
 " The bridge outside the gate is sufficient, but the covering wants 
 i y^ rood of planking, 2os. ; 9 score of nails, 75. 6d. ; and carpentry, 2os. 
 
 " The heronpit [prison] is decayed, and of no value. Requires 20 
 joists, 305. ; three roods of planking, 403. ; 400 nails, los. ; carpentry, 
 
 2OS. 
 
 "The second gate wants mending ; value of repairs, loos. 
 
 " The exchequer house is in sufficient repair, except the covering, 
 which in timber and lead would cost to repair 10 marks. 
 
 " The great hall of the king wants, towards the west, in a window 
 of four leaves, with a gable of timber and seven couples of chevrons (of 
 which the timber is carried away, and to replace will cost 2os.), 
 carpentry, 26s. 8d. ; irons, nails, and labour, IDS. The masonry in the 
 hall can be put right for 6os. Another window wants a leaf, of which 
 the timber will cost 6d., carpentry, 6d., irons and nails, I2d. The 
 covering of lead is wanting 200 stones weight, costing iocs. In the 
 two gables two round windows want glass, costing 26s. 8d., and 
 labour 26s. 8d. To the east of the hall the roof wants lead and 
 boards 200 boards, 26s. 8d. ; lead, 840 stones, 2$/. ; and labour at 
 6s. 8d. a-rood for plumber- work ; carpentry, 133. 4d. ; and nails, 
 135. 4d. 
 
 " The king's chamber, with the cellar beneath, can be repaired at a 
 cost for timber and carpentry of io/. The roof wants lead 200 
 stones costing 6/., and the masonry, if that should be renewed, will 
 cost 2O/. The kitchen, within the mantle, is decayed and useless ;
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY, 85 
 
 can be renewed for 10 marks. The pantry and butlery can be repaired 
 with timber and carpentry for 403., and the roof of the same wants 
 100 stones of lead, value 3/. 
 
 " The granaries can be repaired for 2os. 
 
 " In the chapel all defects can be remedied for io/. 
 
 " The great tower wants lead, which cannot be valued at less than 
 20 marks, and the repair of the masonry of the tower will cost 6 
 marks. There was a house above the entrance of the tower, and to 
 make it anew will cost in timber and carpentry io/. 
 
 "All the defects in turrets and walls surrounding the castle can be 
 repaired for i6/. IDS." 
 
 June 17. 
 
 The king grants to Hugh Hecham, a prominent citizen of New- 
 castle, in consideration of 6os. yearly rent, for fifteen years, all that 
 messuage with its belongings upon the Nesse, in Berwick, which was 
 Peter Kymbrigham's, and a messuage adjoining Bradthurghgang, in 
 the same town, which belonged to Randolph of Stamford ; both Peter 
 and Randolph being rebels, and the property having fallen into the 
 king's hands by forfeiture. Hecham is to keep the property in good 
 repair, and see that it is inhabited either by himself or other 
 Englishmen. 
 
 August 20. 
 
 Date of an order from the king to the sheriffs of England, in which 
 it is stated that the Scots gather together, armed, in great numbers, to 
 the injury of the crown and the people in the marches ; and the 
 sheriffs are to make proclamation throughout their jurisdiction of a 
 summons to all those who hold the king's letters of pardon for 
 homicides, felonies, robberies, and other transgressions in the siege of 
 Berwick and the Scottish wars, to assemble at Newcastle in the 
 octave of Michaelmas, and render service under pain of having their 
 letters of pardon revoked. 
 
 August 20. 
 
 The dispute between the bishop of Durham and the burgesses of 
 Newcastle was ended for a time by a writ from the king forbidding 
 the burgesses from hindering the mooring of ships on the south side of 
 the Tyne belonging to the bishop. 
 
 September 20. 
 
 Mandate from the king at Westminster to the mayor and bailiffs 
 and the good men of Newcastle. He has learned that his Scottish 
 rebels and enemies have again commenced a war, and that there arc 
 on the sea vessels with divers victuals and armaments intended for 
 their use. Newcastle is to provide two ships, Hartlcpool two, King- 
 ston two, and Ravensrod one, and these seven are to proceed to sea 
 
 7
 
 86 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 well furnished, and endeavour to intercept the vessels that are bring- 
 ing supplies to Scotland. Robert Steel is appointed to select the 
 vessels and men, and the mayor and bailiffs, etc., are to afford him aid 
 and counsel. 
 
 September 25. 
 
 Thomas Carliol grants to Peter, son of Peter Graper, and Cicely, 
 his wife, and their heirs, the patronage of the chantry of the Virgin, in 
 All Saints' Church, saving his own right to present during his lifetime ; 
 and providing, that if Peter die without heirs, the patronage shall 
 revert to the heirs of the grantee. Witnesses John Denton, mayor, 
 Hugh Halliwell, Richard Acton, Robert Castle, John Carliol, John 
 Galloway, John Frismarisco, Richard Galloway, and others. Bourne 
 makes the grantee to be Peter, son of Peter Draper, but the Col- 
 lectanea, vol. iv., corrects it to Graper. 
 
 November I. 
 
 John Carter, Richard Colewell, and Geoffrey Lene of Elswick, 
 take a colliery " to be newly dug upon the moor of Elswick nigh 
 to the Gallow Flat, to be held from the feast of All Saints in the year 
 of the Lord 1334, until the same feast a year turned, for 403., to be 
 paid at the feasts of the Purification of the Blessed Mary [2d February], 
 and St. Peter advincula [ist August], in equal portions." 
 
 November 14. 
 
 The king at Newcastle commands Robert Tonge, receiver of 
 victuals at Newcastle, Bamborough, and Berwick, or his locum tenens, 
 to send all the corn in his possession at Newcastle with all possible 
 haste to Berwick. The following day he commands the treasurer and 
 chamberlain to send 100 gallons of salt, 30 pieces of wax, and 160 
 barrels of wine the salt and the wax to go with 100 barrels of the 
 wine to Berwick, 30 barrels of wine to Newcastle, and the remaining 
 30 barrels to Carlisle. 
 
 November 15. 
 
 The king at Newcastle issues another order respecting deserters. 
 The mayor and bailiffs of that town, and the sheriffs of various 
 northern counties, are to proclaim in their respective bailiwicks that 
 all and singular who have withdrawn from the king's service, whether 
 men-at-arms, hobelars, archers, or foot soldiers, are to return within two 
 days to whatsoever place the service may require, while those who are 
 found within the bailiwicks after the two days are to be apprehended 
 and kept in prison. 
 
 November 17. 
 
 From Roxburgh the king issues orders to the sheriff of Nor- 
 thumberland, and the mayor and bailiffs of Newcastle, that whereas a
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 87 
 
 quantity of victuals had been sent to Scotland for the use of the army 
 in ships, which, by contrary winds, had been detained, and the army 
 was likely to suffer, he had appointed William Coshale, and two 
 others, to receive victuals at Newcastle, and forward it to him by land. 
 The sheriff and the mayor and bailiffs are to render Coshale and his 
 associates all needful assistance. 
 
 Richard Halden, chaplain, conveys to John Denton," mayor and 
 M.P. for Newcastle, one whole moiety of the manor of Denton, and 
 one whole moiety of the manor of Redewood, and two tofts and two 
 crofts, and 30 acres of land in Denton, to hold for his life, by paying 
 to Roger Widdrington, brother and heir of John Widdrington, five 
 marks, and on condition that after John Denton's death the reversion 
 of the property mentioned in the premises should go to John Emeldon, 
 son of William Emeldon, clerk, and of Agnes, daughter of John 
 Denton, and the heirs of their bodies. 
 
 The bishop of Durham petitions the king to be relieved from the 
 yearly payment of five marks and 40 pence castle ward at Newcastle, 
 by virtue of a grant of the wapentake of Sadberge made to his 
 predecessor, which wapentake John Baliol formerly held by service of 
 five knights' fees, and a quarter of a fee to the ward of the said castle. 
 In 1337 the king referred the petition to the barons of the Exchequer, 
 ordering them to consult the necessary documents, and if the bishop 
 proved that he ought to be relieved from payment, they were to grant 
 him a release. 
 
 Several local names occur among the ordinations by the bishop of 
 Durham, or his representative, this year. The editor of Kellawe's 
 Register states that these ordinations were conducted with great care 
 and circumspection. Candidates for the higher orders were compelled 
 to undergo a searching examination. Not only was their learning a 
 subject of inquiry, but their moral character underwent a strict 
 scrutiny. Madmen, fools, slaves, murderers, homicides, and deformed 
 persons could not be admitted to orders at all ; and persons of illegiti- 
 mate birth could not receive the higher orders without the apostolic 
 dispensation, though to the minor offices they might be admitted by 
 the dispensation of their bishop. The requisite title for orders seems 
 to have been five marks of yearly income, but some were admitted on 
 a title of patrimony, by provision of the apostolic see, or by title of 
 parents, or of rent charges, houses, or lands. Five to six marks per 
 annum was evidently considered to be a sufficient stipend, exclusive of
 
 88 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 fees and oblations, for a parish priest or vicar having the cure of souls. 
 A mark (135. 4<i.) in the middle of the fourteenth century was probably 
 equal to fl, or 8/. of our present money, and the clergy of those days, 
 with five or six marks of annual income, would be " passing rich on 
 forty pounds a-year." The following list contains members or 
 nominees of prominent Newcastle and Gateshead families : Acolytes 
 William Prester of Gateshead ; William Pulhore of Newcastle, John 
 of Byker, Hugh de Kal of Newcastle ; brother William Laton of the 
 order of Preachers, Newcastle. Sub-deacons Thomas of Hartlepool, 
 by title of six marks from Adam Page, Newcastle ; John Huntingdon, 
 Newcastle, by title of five marks from tenements of William Acton ; 
 Gilbert Carliol, of the same, by title of 4/. in the town of Newcastle, 
 from John Scott, of Pandon. Deacons Henry Halliwell, by title of 
 five marks from Robert Halliwell, Newcastle ; John Cloos or Clos, 
 Newcastle, by title of five marks from Thomas Carliol, Newcastle ; 
 John Ninepennys, by title of five marks in the town of Newcastle. 
 Presbyters Philip Godiboure, of Gateshead, five marks from Robert 
 Godiboure, Gateshead ; Thomas Wederdale, five marks in Newcastle. 
 Later on the same year, Gilbert Carliol, Thomas of Hartlepool, and 
 John of Huntingdon, were made deacons, with William of Hexham, 
 whose title was five marks from Robert Halliwell. Henry Halliwell, 
 John Cloos, and John Ninepennys were ordained priests, with 
 William of Berwick, whose title was five marks from Richard 
 Emeldon. 
 
 I33S 
 
 8 and 9 EDWARD III. 
 
 Bishop of Durham Richard Bury. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 Richard Acton Mayor. 
 
 Gilbert Hawkin, Richard Scott, } Bailiffs 
 
 John Galloway, John Frysman [Frismarisco ?], .1 
 
 Brand, on the authority of the Aubone MS., states that Hugh 
 Merchinleigh, one of the bailiffs this year, was removed from his 
 office by the commonalty of the town for having procured murage 
 against them ; but no such name appears in the lists of bailiffs after 
 1279.
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 
 
 89 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs elected at Michaelmas : 
 Mayor Hugh Hecham. 
 
 f Gilbert Hawkin, Richard Scott, 
 
 ' ( John Galloway, John Frismarisco. 
 
 ARLIAMENT was summoned to meet at York on 
 the 26th May. 
 
 John Emeldon and Richard Hette 
 
 were the members for Newcastle. 
 
 In the early part of the year king Edward 
 
 returned from Scotland orders of his are dated 
 at Newcastle on the I4th, i6th, 22d, and 23d of February and the 
 followers of the deposed monarch of that kingdom, David Bruce, 
 soon compelled Baliol to follow his patron. In the beginning of 
 April Edward granted Bruce's adherents a truce till midsummer, and 
 in the meantime parliament met and resolved upon taking strong 
 measures against Baliol's enemies. To the forces of England, and 
 the army of Baliol, Edward added contingents from Ireland and 
 Wales, and auxiliaries from Flanders and Burgundy. With this 
 mighty expedition he came to Newcastle on the iSth June, Baliol 
 attending, and here, between that date and the 3d of July, they 
 planned the subjugation of Scotland. Edward crossed the Borders 
 from Carlisle, Baliol from Berwick, and the English fleet, including 
 " the mariners of Newcastle," entered the Firth of Forth. The war 
 lasted till November, when Edward returned to England. At 
 Alnwick, on the 8th of that month, he agreed to a truce with the 
 followers of David Bruce till 26th November, which truce was 
 prorogued at Newcastle, and from time to time, until Easter. The 
 king remained at Newcastle, with visits to Auckland and York, until 
 after Christmas. While residing in the town he received ambassadors 
 from the Pope and the king of France on the subject of his quarrel 
 with Scotland ; and among his orders dated from Newcastle is one 
 appointing William Fitzwarren and John of Shoreditch to treat with 
 the Duke of Austria for a marriage between the duke's son Frederick 
 and Princess Joan of England, Edward's daughter, and another 
 commanding Robert Tonge, his receiver of victuals at Berwick, to 
 give Baliol ten barrels of flour and six barrels of wine. 
 
 The repairs to the castle recommended in the inquiry of 1334 do 
 not appear to have been carried out. The sheriff of Northumberland 
 reports upon the state of the fortress this year as follows : " To the 
 council of our lord the king, showeth Roger Mauduyt, now sheriff of 
 Northumberland, that the castle of Ne\vcastle-on-Tyne is so decayed
 
 9 o NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 and left to neglect that there is not in all the castle a single room 
 wherein one can be sheltered, nor one gate that can be shut. Of 
 which the council of our lord the king will please to advise and 
 ordain a remedy, as all the country is now, as it were, in a state of 
 war. Also showeth the said Roger that he cannot go into the country 
 to perform the office of sheriff, except by force, with armed men. 
 For which he prays that the council will please ordain that he may 
 have men-at-arms out of the issues of his bailiwick for the mainten- 
 ance of the said office." Endorsed " Before the king. Let him have 
 writ to expend 2O/. of the issues of his bailiwick in the reparation 
 of the said castle by view and evidence, etc." 
 
 February 14. 
 
 The king writes from Newcastle to the bailiffs of Southampton, 
 reciting his mandate for the impressing of ships of the burthen of 
 forty barrels [tons] of wine and upwards, and stating that, as he is 
 informed, they have arrested a ship called La Lancastre. Respecting 
 this vessel, his beloved merchant, John Denton, burgess of Newcastle, 
 has undertaken before the king and council, that if this ship is liberated 
 he will have her ready to obey the king's mandate whenever he is 
 required to do so. Therefore, wishing to show grace to the master of 
 that ship, the king commands that if the vessel has been arrested 
 by virtue of his orders for general impressment, and not for any other 
 cause, they are to release her. 
 
 February 23. 
 
 Sureties were taken that certain men of Berwick, who had been 
 captured and were held in custody at Newcastle and elsewhere, would 
 not leave the kingdom if set at liberty. Richard Scott of Newcastle 
 and John Scott of Pandon became sureties for John Moigne, and 
 Thomas Daulyn and Adam Tudhoe of Newcastle were the sureties 
 for Thomas Dorchester. 
 
 March 27. 
 
 Mandate from the king, commanding the bishop of Durham to 
 provide from his liberties a hundred hobelars [tenants bound by their 
 tenures to provide light or small horses in case of invasion], and three 
 hundred good and powerful bowmen, with suitable accoutrements, to 
 muster at Gateshead at the feast of the Trinity. May 29. His 
 Majesty orders the bishop to send a hundred more hobelars to 
 Gateshead. 
 
 April i. 
 
 Mandate from the king to the mayor and bailiffs of Newcastle, 
 that out of the fee-farm of the said town they make and send to
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. gi 
 
 Berwick with all speed, under the counsel and advice of John Denton 
 of the same town, two wind-mills and two horse-mills, to be made cf 
 good and sufficient timber, and deliver them to the king's receiver 
 of victuals there. Similar mandate to John Denton, ordering him to 
 assist, and another to Robert Tonge, the receiver of victuals at 
 Berwick, authorising him to take the mills into his keeping. July 12. 
 The king orders the mills to be delivered at Berwick by the feast 
 of St. Peter advincula at the latest, under a penalty of ioo/. August 
 i. The chamberlain, sheriff, and mayor of Berwick are commanded 
 to erect the mills without delay, and to grind as much corn as they 
 can for the sustentation of the army. On the same day the mayor 
 and bailiffs of Newcastle, and the king's receiver of victuals there, are 
 ordered to get corn in their keeping ground at mills in the town and 
 neighbouring parts, and send the meal in barrels to Berwick. Pay 
 ment for this work also is to be made out of the fee-farm of the town. 
 
 April 3. 
 
 The king at Nottingham informs the mayor and bailiffs of New- 
 castle that William Rokesburgh, lately master of the Maison Dieu, or 
 house of God at Berwick, has petitioned stating that he is under 
 bond not to leave Newcastle unless permitted upon giving sufficient 
 security, and asking that he may have liberty to dwell where he 
 pleases within the kingdom of England, but not to return to the 
 Scots, nor with them cohabit in any way. The king graciously 
 assenting to the petition, orders that if Rokesburgh shall bring before 
 them, in the presence of honest men of the town, sufficient security 
 that he will not go out of England, nor return to the Scots, nor with 
 them cohabit in any manner, then the said Rokesburgh from the town 
 of Newcastle shall be free to go, and wheresoever he will, within the 
 kingdom, is permitted to dwell. 
 
 May 5. 
 
 Order from the king to John Denton of Newcastle to pay the 
 king's money remaining in his hands unto John Burdon, chamberlain 
 of Berwick, for wages of men-at-arms and munitions, and the safe 
 keeping of the town of Berwick. Similar order to Burdon to receive 
 the money and apply it as above, and if it is not sufficient he is to 
 supply the remainder from his chamber, the king reimbursing him 
 the costs of seeking the money at Newcastle, etc. 
 
 July i. 
 
 William Burnton of Newcastle, whose name occurs frequently 
 in the municipal lists, was mayor of Berwick this year. He appears 
 as such in a deed of this date, assigning a messuage in Berwick and
 
 92 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 133. 4d. rent from another messuage in that town to the prior and 
 convent of Tynemouth. He also appears as such in mandates from 
 the king dated 23d February and 6th April this year. 
 
 July 12. 
 
 The king at Carlisle commands the bailiffs of Newcastle to 
 provide a ship with men, etc., fit for the service, and promptly carry, 
 within eight days, certain goods and things to Scotland. On the I5th 
 he sends John Wyk to look after the goods, to whom the bailiffs are 
 to deliver them if the ship has not left when he arrives. 
 
 Ait gust 20. 
 
 Mandate from the king to the mayor, bailiffs, and all the com- 
 munity of Newcastle, reciting the information he has received of the 
 wicked intentions of the Scots both by land and sea, and ordering all 
 men in Newcastle competent to bear arms to be in readiness fully 
 equipped for war, under penalty of forfeiting life and members, lands 
 and tenements, and everything which can be forfeited. The same day 
 John Denton, Hugh Hecham, and Robert Halliwell are appointed 
 jointly and severally to lead the men of Newcastle so arrayed to John 
 Lisle of Woodburn, and the other leaders of the expedition. 
 
 September 26. 
 
 Norman Biddick of Newcastle, and Katherine, his wife, daughter 
 and heir of Ingram of Colonia, convey to Waleran Lumley, burgess of 
 Newcastle, all that messuage in the Close, lying in length and breadth 
 between the messuage of John Frismarisco and the common "grip" 
 or sewer. To have, etc., for ever. Witnesses Richard Acton, mayor ; 
 Hugh Hecham, Gilbert Hawkin, and Robert Halliwell, bailiffs [another 
 variation from Bourne's List] ; William Thorauld, William Acton, 
 William Herring, Robert Shilvington, Hugh Angerton, and others. 
 
 October 6. 
 
 The king, dating from Berwick, writes to Guy, Count or Earl of 
 Namers [Namur ?] stating that Jordan of Staunford, servant of William 
 Tunnok, mariner, of Newcastle, on account of certain deeds com- 
 mitted by him for the king's sake, in the count's town of Lescluses, 
 was imprisoned there, and his liberation was earnestly desired by his 
 Majesty, wherefore he begs the count to release him as quickly and 
 as happily as possible, acting in the matter as he would expect the 
 writer to act if their respective positions were reversed. 
 
 November 26. 
 
 The king grants to John Denton, mayor the year before, for good 
 and laudable services rendered in the Scottish wars, the reversion of
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 93 
 
 the manor of Woodhorn (Newbiggin excepted), in lieu of a grant 
 from the Earl of Athol of lands in Ponteland and other places, which 
 had been forfeited to the king by Athol's rebellion, and afterwards 
 restored to him. Details of the arrangement, edited by Mr. Long- 
 staffe, appear in the Arch&ologia sEliana, new series, vol. i, p. 27. 
 In August Denton had received from the king the sum of 32/., which 
 he had expended in forwarding the Earl of Murray a prisoner to York. 
 
 December 12. 
 
 Mandate from the king at Auckland to the treasurer and barons 
 of the Exchequer. He lately sent Robert Tughale into Scotland, and 
 ordered his expenses to be paid I3/. 6s. 8d. out of the treasury, and 
 io/. from the customs of wool, hides, and wool-fells in Newcastle. 
 The treasurer and barons are to hold the said Robert exonerated from 
 repayment of the said sums, and also of a sum of 6o/. granted him for 
 his expenses while in the king's service at Berwick out of the revenues 
 of his office as chamberlain of that town. 
 
 December 21. 
 
 Safe-conduct granted by the king at Auckland to six persons 
 of Scotland, with forty horsemen, and to Andrew Murray, keeper 
 of Scotland, and others, with their retinue, coming to Newcastle to 
 treat with the nuncios of the Pope and king of France respecting 
 a truce. 
 
 Richard Galeway, or Galloway, received a grant from the king this 
 year of a waste place in Newcastle called Aldegaole, paying to the 
 king for the same 95. per annum. The name indicates that there was 
 a royal gaol in the town besides the prison in the castle. 
 
 Ordinations within the see of Durham this year : Sub-deacons 
 John Newbiggin, rector of Gateshead ; William Pulhore, 5 marks 
 from Richard Galloway, Newcastle ; Robert Halliwell, 5 marks from 
 John Paton, Newcastle ; Richard Bolton, 4/. from Robert Castle, 
 Newcastle. Priests Gilbert Carliol, 4/. from John Scott of Pandon ; 
 John of Huntingdon, 5 marks from William Acton ; Thomas of 
 Hartlepool, 6 marks from Adam Page. In December \Villiam Pulhore 
 and Robert Halliwell were ordained deacons, and John Benbon was 
 ordained priest, his income being 5 marks from - - Scott of Pandon, 
 in Templehornton.
 
 94 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 1336. 
 
 9 and 10 EDWARD III. 
 Bishop of Durham Richard Bury. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 Hugh Hecham Mayor. 
 
 Gilbert Hawkin, Richard Scott, 
 
 *' 1 Bailiffs. 
 isco, ; 
 
 John Galloway, John Frismarisco, 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs elected at Michaelmas : 
 Mayor John Denton. 
 
 p .,. $ Gilbert Hawkin, Robert Shilvington, 
 
 ( John Woodman, William Acton. 
 
 Two parliaments met this year, but the returns for Newcastle have 
 not been found. 
 
 HE king returned from Scotland in February, granting 
 the Scots a truce till May. As soon as the truce 
 expired the Scots flew to arms, and the king came 
 north again, arriving at Newcastle about the I2th 
 June. Thence he proceeded to Scotland, and re- 
 mained until September, then went to Nottingham, 
 and early in October returned to the north for the 
 second time. He dates from Auckland on the 5th of that month, 
 and from Berwick on the 8th, so that he would pass through New- 
 castle on the 6th or 7th. Orders signed by his Majesty are dated 
 from Newcastle on the i6th, I7th, i8th, 2Oth, 26th, and 28th of 
 October, and on the ist November, indicating that he returned here 
 for a fortnight. Thence he went to Stirling and Bothweii, and on the 
 1 8th December he was at York on his way to London. 
 
 January 12. 
 
 Inquisition held this day at Newcastle as to the condition of 
 the castle. The jurors say that at the time of the battle of Bannock- 
 burn [1314], when John of Caunton [Kenton] was sheriff of Northum- 
 berland, the said castle and all the buildings belonging to it were in 
 good repair ; that since that time the great tower and the turrets, the 
 great hall, with the king's chamber adjoining, with various other 
 chambers within the queen's mantle, the butlery and pantry, the 
 chapel of our lord the king, a certain house beyond the gate called the
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 95 
 
 exchequer house, with the bridges within and without the gates, also 
 three gates and a postern, had deteriorated to the value of 3<X)/. 
 They say also that there remained in custody of Roger Mauduyt, late 
 sheriff, 420 stones of lead. They say also that the lord of Bothal, 
 Robert Delaval, lord of Haddeston or Heron, the lord of Whalton, 
 lord Robert Clifford of New Place, chief lord of the baron of Gangy, 
 the lord of North Gosforth and Dilston, lord of Wark-on-Tweed, 
 the lord baron of Baliol, and the lord baron of Bolbeck, should each 
 build a house \domuni\ within the liberties of the castle for the defence 
 thereof. They say that the following persons have enclosures or 
 encroachments : Emma Jargoun, 10 feet by 20 feet, and a postern 
 [back gate] ; Matthew Knight, 12 feet by 12 feet, and a postern ; John 
 Parlebicn [Speakwell or Say well], 12 feet by 12 feet, and a postern ; 
 John Ingilwood, 4 feet by 14 feet, and a postern ; Henry Bonmarch, 
 12 feet by 12 feet, and a postern ; John Baty, the same; Adam Ayer, 
 the same ; Benedict Sutor, the same ; John Thew, the same ; John of 
 Barnard Castle, the same ; William of Hexham, the same ; Thomas 
 Tinkler, the same; William Grys, 10 feet by 20 feet, and a postern ; 
 Adam of Netherton, 8 feet by 14 feet, and a postern ; the same person, 
 15 feet by 14 feet, and John Carliol, a pDstern ; Hugh Littester, 
 15 feet by 13 feet ; John Bury, 8 feet by 20 feet ; the heirs of Thomas 
 Norreys, 5 feet by 20 feet, and Robert Taverner, 40 feet by 20 feet. 
 Rents : From Thomas Frismarisco and his heirs, for a certain place 
 ... 45. per annum ; from William Acton, for a house upon the mote, 
 i6d. per annum ; from the heirs of Nicholas Scott, for two messuages 
 upon the hill \liogaiti\ 5d. per annum. In the Exchequer Rolls for this 
 year is a royal mandate to John Thyngden, to obtain, for various 
 operations in the castle, twelve good and suitable oaks as timber from 
 the wood of Bywell, which Maria, countess of Pembroke, holds for 
 her life natural. 
 
 January 20. 
 
 Date of license from the king for the foundation of St. Katherine's 
 chantry in the church of All Saints, Newcastle, by Robert Chirton, 
 burgess, and Mariot, his wife, daughter and heir of Hugh Hawkin, late 
 burgess, to provide a chaplain to pray for the souls of the said Hugh, 
 and Beatrice, his wife, Gilbert Hawkin, his father, and for their 
 successors. The deed confirms to " Sir" Adam Ninepennys, chaplain 
 of the chantry, loos, of annual rent from lands and tenements 
 namely, from the messuage near the Tyne, which Hawkin occupied at 
 his death, 135. 8d. ; from land in Russell Chare, lying between the 
 land of Sibella Gore and that of Thomas Scothowe, I2s. ; from land 
 which Richard Vans and Matilda, his wife, holds of the founder in 
 fee in Vico Carnificmn [Flesher's Row], near the Ollccross [Cale
 
 9 6 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 Cross ?], 433. 46. ; from land similarly held by Nigel Carter and 
 Inecta, his wife, in Sandgate, 73. ; and from land so held by Stephen 
 Hacter and Isolda, his wife, in Roskel Chare [Russell Chare?] near 
 the Tyne, 243. Adam's successors in the chantry are to be 
 appointed by the heirs of the founders, with the counsel and help of the 
 good men of the parish, and failing the founder's heirs, by the mayor 
 and bailiffs. The deed ends thus : " And I, Mariot, being neither 
 driven by force nor by fear of the aforesaid Robert, my husband, but 
 led by my own free will, have appeared in full court in the town of 
 Newcastle aforesaid, and there, within the four benches of the court, 
 holding the holy gospels of God, I have sworn before the mayor 
 and bailiffs of the town that whatsoever may happen in the future 
 regarding my aforesaid husband, Robert, that this deed I will never 
 contradict, nor in any wise presume to make void ; but I will and 
 concede, for me and my heirs, that from all law and actions touching 
 the aforesaid annual rent which we may have had power to take, we 
 are by this deed for ever excluded." [See an explanation of this 
 latter ceremony quoted from Bourne under date 1312, page 27.] 
 
 January 29. 
 
 The king grants to William Emeldon, for good services to him 
 and the late king, two pieces of land in Briggate, Berwick, which 
 formerly belonged to Richard Emeldon, his uncle, deceased, and by 
 the forfeiture of Stephen Forbour have fallen into the king's hands, 
 to have and hold by the said William and his heirs, by service of 
 I2d. annually, and the usual service to the lord of the fee. 
 
 July 22. 
 
 Inquisition held before Simon Esh, high-sheriff of the county of 
 Durham, to inquire into complaints respecting the damages, oppres- 
 sions, transgressions, and injuries done to the church and liberties of 
 Durham. The following good men of Gateshead and the neigh- 
 bourhood were the jurors : John Breton, John Gildforth, John 
 Brooninghill, William Gillsworth, John Bille, John Almsheles, William 
 Spen, William Lardner, Richard Ravensworth, Roger Wearmouth, 
 William Helton, and Robert Lambton, who stated upon their oaths 
 that the bishop of Durham and the men of his liberty had free passage 
 by mid-stream of the Tyne with ships and boats, and free loading 
 and discharging of cargoes wheresoever they would all along the coast 
 of the bishopric of Durham, with liberty to bring and sell all manner 
 of goods and necessary things there as they pleased ; that the town of 
 Gateshead had a market for two days in each week, on Tuesdays and 
 Fridays, and a fair at the feast of St. Peter ad vincula, as far as the
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 
 
 97 
 
 middle of Tyne Bridge ; that the bishop and prior of Durham haa 
 their free fisheries on their own side of the Tync, where the fishermen 
 were free to sell fish as they pleased. But now the fishermen of the 
 bishop and prior, as well in Pipewellgate as in Shields, were utterly 
 disturbed in their freedom of selling fish taken in the Tyne and at sea, 
 and vi et armis were taken and drawn to the market at Newcastle, and 
 if they sold elsewhere they were forced to redeem or were heavily fined. 
 They said, moreover, that they were not suffered to load or discharge 
 on this side the river, and even the prior's own proper wool, coming 
 from Holy Island in a certain ship, and landed upon his land at 
 Shields, was seized, and the ship attached and led away to Newcastle. 
 And if the fishers at Shields sell their fish to the bishop or prior of 
 Durham, or others, at Shields, upon the land of the bishop, out of the 
 market of Newcastle, the bailiffs of Newcastle take the said fishers 
 and carry them to Newcastle, and there imprison and fine them, etc., 
 and the aforesaid bailiffs disturb those who attempt to carry without 
 composition, wood, coals, turf, etc., or other articles of necessity, along 
 the Tyne to the bishop's side. Further, the town of Newcastle had 
 built on Tyne Bridge, at its southern extremity, upon the land of the 
 bishop, and appropriating his free holding. And (worst of all) when 
 one William Ullesam, working upon the bridge, fell into the Tyne 
 and was there drowned, immediately came one Richard Mekilmuk 
 with Thomas Parry, and finding the body within the water-mark of 
 the bishopric, dragged it from that place to Newcastle before they 
 returned it to be buried in the churchyard of blessed Mary of Gates- 
 head, etc. And upon this inquisition Richard, bishop of Durham, 
 prayed our lord the king for a remedy against the aforesaid injuries ; 
 which our lord the king, by his brief to the mayor and bailiffs of 
 Newcastle, has directed. 
 
 August 12. 
 
 Mandate from the king to the mayor and bailiffs of Newcastle. 
 On account of certain news which has been sounded in the royal 
 ears, and considering the imminent peril of the times, it is ordered 
 that the royal seal called a cocket, deputed for the collection of 
 customs in the port, shall be kept in a safe and sure place in the town 
 under lock, and under the seal of the mayor and four of the just and 
 upright men of the town. And no wool, hides, or wool-fells shall be 
 allowed, either by stratagem or ingenuity, or on any pretext what- 
 soever, after the receipt of this mandate, to be sent out of the 
 kingdom. And due observance of this order, under pain of forfeiting 
 whatsoever can be forfeited, the mayor and bailiffs are in no wise 
 to omit.
 
 98 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 September 15. 
 
 Mandate from the king to the mayor and bailiffs of Newcastle 
 to provide ships for the conveyance to Scotland of 1000 quarters 
 of corn and 1000 quarters of oats, to be raised in the county of 
 Northumberland and other places adjoining. 
 
 October 3. 
 
 Mandate from the king to the counties, cities, and boroughs, 
 ordering them to provide a certain number of men fully armed and 
 victualled for three weeks, to be ready at the feast of St. Martin 
 [nth November], for the defence of the kingdom. The mayor 
 and bailiffs of Newcastle are ordered to contribute forty men for 
 this purpose. 
 
 November 6. 
 
 The king at Stirling writes to the bailiffs of the various ports 
 in the kingdom, stating that in consequence of the attacks made 
 upon English merchantmen at sea, it is necessary that the latter 
 should be well armed, and sail only in fleets for mutual protection ; 
 orders the bailiffs of ports on the west coast and English Channel 
 to send their ships to Portsmouth as the place of departure, and 
 directs the bailiffs of Newcastle, and other ports on the east coast, 
 to send vessels belonging to those places to Orwell, with the same 
 
 object. 
 
 November 20. 
 
 On this date license is granted to Adam Page of Newcastle, a 
 burgess, who often appears as a benefactor to church and clergy, that 
 he may assign to the prior and brethren of the Carmelite Friars a 
 garden with its appurtenances adjoining their property. The transfer 
 is to be made under inquisition of John Denton, mayor and king's 
 cscheator. 
 
 November 28. 
 
 Mandate from the king at Bothwell to the bishop of Durham, 
 reiterating a previous command to send 1000 quarters of corn and 
 1000 quarters of oats, for the maintenance of the army in Scotland, 
 and deliver the same to the receiver of victuals at Newcastle. 
 Compliance with the previous order had been delayed because the 
 bishop's men complained that they could not supply the grain 
 without suffering damage, and the king accepting the explanation, 
 orders that it be collected in such manner as to do the least injury 
 to the bishop's tenants, and be sent to Newcastle with all the speed 
 possible. 
 
 The king, considering the great services which John Denton of 
 Newcastle [mayor], not without heavy expense, had many times
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 99 
 
 rendered, granted to him the vill of Newbiggin after the death of 
 Maria St. Paul, countess of Pembroke, on payment of an annual 
 rent of io/. 6s. (See 26th November 1335.) 
 
 1337- 
 
 io and ii EDWARD III. 
 Bishop of Durham Richard Bury. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs of Newcastle till Michaelmas ;- 
 John Denton Mayor. 
 
 Robert Shilvington, John Woodman, ) .,.- 
 
 William Acton, 3 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs elected at Michaelmas : 
 Mayor Nicholas Scott [or John Denton.] 
 
 p .,.ff f Robert Southampton, Adam Blakedon, 
 
 ' ( Bartholomew Clerk, Thomas Karle, Jun. 
 
 A mandate from the king, in the Rotuli Scotia, dated 9th July 
 1338, is addressed to John Denton, mayor of Newcastle. 
 
 HREE parliaments were summoned to meet this 
 year. To the last of them, which met at West- 
 minster on the 26th September, the mayor and 
 bailiffs of Newcastle made no return, praying to be 
 excused on account of an invasion of the Scots. 
 
 The king came to the north in the summer, and 
 spent a month between the Humber and the Tweed, 
 remaining mostly at York. The barons were ordered to assemble at 
 Newcastle on the ist December, and the king appointed the bishop 
 of Durham and three others to confer with the chief men of the 
 country there, concerning the war that was still raging in Scotland 
 and along the Borders, and the security of the towns and fortresses. 
 While at Berwick in June, news of hostilities in his duchy of 
 Aquitaine reached the king, and he ordered forces to embark at 
 Portsmouth, for the defence of his French dominions.
 
 ioo NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 John Denton, the mayor, received from king Edward a further 
 grant, consisting of three empty places in Newcastle belonging to his 
 Majesty namely, " the Mydding Place, on the Sandhill," at 5s. rent, 
 " Wyndas Place," at 35. rent, and " Jakemannesough," at 55. rent, to 
 have and to hold to him and his heirs at fee-farm for ever, on pay- 
 ment of the above-named rents, amounting to 135. 4d., and 6s. 8d. of 
 increment, etc. 
 
 March 8. 
 
 Robert Tonge, receiver of victuals at Newcastle, is ordered by the 
 king to accept IOOO quarters of corn and 1000 quarters of oats, which 
 he has commanded the bishop to raise within his liberties, and deliver 
 at Newcastle according to the custom of the bishop's liberties that is 
 to say, 21 quarters for 20 quarters, and not 17 quarters for 16 quarters, 
 as Tonge had demanded. 
 
 April 6. 
 
 The king sends an order to the mayor and bailiffs of Newcastle, 
 ordering them to expend out of the rent of the town, under the 
 inspection and report of Richard Acton and Robert Shilvington, the 
 sum of 4<D/. in the repair of the gate called the West Gate, and the 
 turn-bridge of the same, " which gate is situated in the weaker part of 
 the walls of the said town, and in its greater part is broken and 
 destroyed." 
 
 May 19. 
 
 Ordained Sub-deacon, not beneficed, John Byker, by title of 5 
 marks paid by John Byker. 
 
 May 29. 
 
 The king at Stamford appoints John Dathie and Hugh Hecham 
 of Newcastle, and Richard Hasleden of Hartlepool, to impress ships 
 and men for the capture of vessels from Flanders and other places 
 proceeding to the help of the Scots. From Woodstock on the loth 
 September he writes chiding them for negligence, and demanding that 
 they shall execute his orders with more diligence and celerity. Again, 
 on the 1st November, writing from Thame, in Oxfordshire, he 
 reiterates his complaints and repeats his commands in peremptory 
 and threatening language.
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 
 
 101 
 
 1338. 
 
 ii and 12 EDWARD III. 
 
 Bishop of Durham Richard Bury. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs of Newcastle till Micliaelnias : 
 
 Nicholas Scott [or John Denton] Mayor. 
 
 Robert Southampton, Adam Blakcdon, | ,, .,.-., 
 Bartholomew Clerk, Thomas Karle, Jun., J 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs elected at Michaelmas : 
 Mayor Hugh Hecham. 
 
 n .,. ( Richard Scott, 
 Bailiffs, \ 
 
 ( Peter Graper, 
 
 Robert Halliwell, 
 Robert Castle. 
 
 ARLIAMENT was summoned to meet at West- 
 
 minster on the 3d February. 
 Newcastle elected 
 
 The burgesses of 
 
 Peter Angerton and Thomas Halliwell. 
 
 The king came north in the spring, and was in 
 Newcastle on the iQth and 25th March, whence he 
 proceeded to Berwick, returning some time in April. While here on 
 his northward journey the king issued an order upon the treasury to 
 pay 5647. 35. 4d. for horses, provisions, silver plate, jewels, etc., supplied 
 to Queen Philippa prior to her journey with him beyond the seas. 
 
 February 7. 
 
 The king at Westminster, learning that many of the armed men, 
 hobelars, archers, and foot soldiers elected and ordained to proceed on 
 his service in Scotland have not gone thither and others have 
 returned without license, sends his mandate to the mayor and bailiffs 
 of Newcastle, and to various sheriffs of counties, ordering them to 
 complete their numbers, and pointing out that negligence in this 
 matter involves imprisonment, and the taking of their lands and 
 goods into the king's hands. 
 
 February 1 7. 
 
 John Crabbc having been commissioned to buy 500 boards called 
 
 8
 
 102 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 Eastling boards, 300 strong and good empty barrels, and 60 masts, 50 
 feet long and under, the king commands the mayor and bailiffs of 
 Newcastle to assist in providing ships and other means of carriage at 
 the king's cost, paying for any boards, barrels, or masts which Crabbe 
 may purchase in the town, out of the fee-farm or other profits of the 
 town, and the king will credit the amount in the exchequer. 
 
 March 28. 
 
 Ordained Sub-deacon without benefice, John, son of Thomas Fabri 
 of Newcastle, by annual payment of 5 marks from Robert Musgravc. 
 Deacon (religious), brother John Twisel of the Virgin Mary Hospital, 
 Newcastle. Priests without benefice John Byker, 5 marks to be 
 paid annually by John Byker, his father ; William of Ebchester, 
 annual payment of 6 marks by Adam Page, Newcastle. May 12. 
 Sub-deacons Brothers Thomas of Benton and William of Carlisle, 
 of the order of Preachers, at Newcastle. Deacons Brothers Robert 
 Thorp, John Lisle, and John Dousing, of the order of Preachers, New- 
 castle ; John Fabri, and Walter, son of Alan Textoris [Weaver], 
 the latter by title of 5 marks from John Paton of Newcastle. 
 
 May 12. 
 
 Mandate from the king to the mayor, bailiffs, and good men of 
 Newcastle, reciting that he had appointed Robert Tughale to be his 
 receiver and keeper of victuals at Newcastle and Berwick, and com- 
 manded Robert Tonge, his former receiver, to deliver the office to the 
 said Tughale, and account to the exchequer for the time that he 
 was in office. The king learns that Tonge has not obeyed these 
 commands, and, in contempt of His Majesty, neither withdraws from 
 his office nor renders his accounts. The mayor, bailiffs, etc., arc 
 therefore commanded to assist Tughale, and if Tonge should attempt 
 to exercise the office of receiver, they are to attach him, and hold 
 him in safe custody until they shall be otherwise commanded. 
 
 May 22. 
 
 Mandate from the king to John Denton of Newcastle, ordering 
 him to send to Perth the victuals, which, when the king was last 
 in Newcastle [in April], was provided for his operations. On the 
 9th July the king, addressing John Denton as " mayor of the town 
 of Newcastlc-upon-Tync," commands him to send 200 chaldrons 
 of sea-coal to Perth, 40 chaldrons to Cupar Castle, and 100 chaldrons 
 to each of the castles of Edinburgh and Stirling. A month later 
 namely, on the 5th August a mandate comes to the mayor and 
 bailiffs from prince Edward, keeper of England, ordering them to
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 103 
 
 load the coals for Edinburgh and Stirling in ships, and deduct the 
 reasonable cost of the coals and the carriage of them from the fee- 
 farm of the town. But in pressing ships for this work, the mayor 
 and bailiffs are not to take such vessels as are about to carry the 
 king's wool beyond the seas. In October prince Edward again 
 addresses the mayor and bailiffs, reciting his orders to John 
 Denton respecting the sea-coals, and stating that, as he is in- 
 formed, the said John Denton, before providing the coals and 
 sending them as ordered, was himself hurried away to parts 
 beyond the seas. Wherefore that the providing and carrying the 
 coals be not delayed by Denton's absence, the prince orders the 
 mayor and bailiffs to undertake the duty, paying themselves for 
 the price of the coals, and the reasonable cost of forwarding them 
 to the places named, out of their fee-farm. 
 
 July 27. 
 
 Prince Edward, keeper of England, issues an order stating that 
 in defence of his kingdom and the rights of his crown, the king 
 has personally gone beyond the seas [to Flanders], and parliament, 
 in aid of his expedition, has granted him a levy of 20,000 sacks of 
 wool, of which 3000 sacks have been levied, and it is necessary 
 that the same should be sent to the king with all speed ; all the 
 wool so collected, and being in the ports of London, Newcastle, 
 Hull, etc., is to be forwarded to Great Yarmouth ; and Robert 
 Howell and Robert Watford are to see that it is so loaded and 
 shipped before the morrow of St. Bartholomew, impressing ships 
 and men for that purpose, and despatching them with the wool to 
 the king. 
 
 September 28. 
 
 Inquisition held at Tynemouth, when the jurors found that it 
 would not be to the prejudice of the king if Richard Dalton, 
 burgess of Newcastle, obtained license to give and assign to the 
 prior and convent of Tynemouth a messuage and twenty acres of 
 land, with appurtenances, in Murton, which Edward II. granted to 
 the convent, to be acquired of their own fee, as of the fee of 
 others, excepting of lands held of the king in chief. It was found 
 also that the said messuage and lands were held of the prior of 
 Tynemouth by the service of 6s. yearly, and were worth ros. yearly.
 
 104 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 1339- 
 
 12 and 13 EDWARD III. 
 
 Bishop of Durham Richard Bury. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiff's of Newcastle till Michaelmas : - 
 Hugh Hecham Mayor. 
 
 Richard Scott, Peter Graper, | 
 
 Robert Halliwell, Robert Castello, j BaUt ff s - 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs elected at Michaelmas : 
 Mayor Waleran Lumley. 
 
 Bail'ff~ /Thomas Burnton, Richard Scott, 
 
 ' I Gilbert Hawkin, Richard Galloway. 
 
 The new mayor was a descendant of a younger branch of the 
 Lumley family, which was settled in Durham before the conquest. 
 See the pedigree in Surtees' History of Durham, vol. ii., p. 162. 
 
 Sheriff of Northumberland and keeper of the castle of Newcastle 
 Gilbert Burroden. 
 
 WO parliaments met at Westminster this year. The 
 first, summoned to meet on the I4th January, was 
 prorogued to the 3d February. 
 
 Robert Halliwell and Thomas Halliwell 
 
 were the representatives for Newcastle, and received 
 61. for thirty days' attendance. In the second parlia- 
 ment, which met on the I3th October, Newcastle was represented by 
 
 Nicholas Acton and John Emeldon. 
 
 April i. 
 
 The king at Berkhampstead writes to the mayors, bailiffs, and 
 collectors of customs at Newcastle, and ten other ports, stating that 
 certain ships of war are at Lescluses, in Flanders, designing to capture 
 English merchantmen laden with wool and other merchandise, and 
 ordering the authorities to warn the latter thereof, so that they may 
 navigate circumspectly and be well armed to escape the peril. 
 
 July 17. 
 
 John Whitchurch, vicar general of the diocese of Durham, collated 
 Richard Kilvington, doctor of theology, to the living of Gateshead. 
 The induction was confirmed by the bishop on 2d April 1340. A
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 
 
 I0 5 
 
 few days later namely, on the Qth May the bishop issued letters 
 dimissory, and a license for Kilvyngton to be absent two years for 
 the purposes of study. In October the bishop sent to the parish 
 chaplain of Gateshead a solemn warning to be given to certain of the 
 parishioners, who, not having the fear of God in their eyes, had with- 
 held payment of tithes, that if they did not render the sums due 
 they would incur the major excommunication. 
 
 Brand, on the authority of a fragment of parchment, supposed to 
 have been taken out of the archives of the corporation during the riot 
 of 1740, states that in 1339 part of Tyne Bridge was carried away 
 by a sudden inundation. Bourne mentions the incident, but thinks 
 it refers to the inundation of 1320 at Burn Bank. Stow, under this 
 date, writes : " The first day of the assumption of our Lady a sudden 
 inundation of water at Newcastle-upon-Tyne surmounted the wall, 
 and bare down a piece of the Town Wall, six perches in length, near 
 to a place called Wallknoll, where 160 men, and seven chaplains and 
 women were drowned." (See 1320, page 52.) 
 
 1340. 
 
 13 and 14 EDWARD III. 
 Bishop of Durham Richard Bury. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 
 Waleran Lumley Mayor. 
 
 Thomas Burnton, Gilbert Hawkin, ~| Bailiffs 
 
 Richard Scott, Richard Galloway, / 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs elected at MicJiaelmas : 
 
 Mayor Sir William Felton. 
 
 ( Robert Musgrave, John Woodman, 
 
 | Hugh Carliolj j ohn Emeldon. 
 
 Bailiffs, 
 
 ^HREE parliaments were summoned to meet this 
 year ; but in only one of them is it known who 
 were the members sent by Newcastle. It was held 
 at Westminster at the end of March, and the 
 Newcastle representatives were 
 
 John Denton and Richard Galloway. 
 
 February \ 8. 
 The kins: was in Flanders during the winter, and while he was
 
 io6 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 absent the Scots made incursions into the north of England in 
 separate bodies, carrying their ravages as far south as Durham. 
 On this date the king at Kennington publishes an order of parlia- 
 ment for the assembling of men-at-arms, hobclars, and archers at 
 Newcastle in Lent, to proceed to the marches and punish the 
 invaders. Two days later the king issues a summons to some of 
 the principal merchants of the kingdom to meet him in Lent at 
 Westminster, for a conference upon arduous and mist urgent 
 business, specially touching him and his honour, and the state and 
 salvation of the realm. The persons summoned from Newcastle 
 are William Acton, Richard Galloway, Thomas Fleming, Robert 
 Castro, Waleran Lumley [the mayor], John Frismarisco, Hugh 
 Angerton, William Duxfield, and Robert Halliwell. In August the 
 keeper of England orders another levy of men-at-arms, hobclars, 
 and archers to be at Newcastle at Michaelmas. 
 
 February 20. 
 
 Royal order to the barons of the exchequer to pay the bishop 
 of Durham 2467. us. 4^d. for corn supplied to Robert Tonge, the 
 king's receiver of victuals at Newcastle. 
 
 March I. 
 
 Walter Fauconberg collated to the wardenship of the hospital 
 of St. Edmund, at Gateshead, vacant by the resignation of John 
 Thoresby, who had filled the post since 2d October 1333. 
 
 March 13. 
 
 Mandate from the king to the sheriff of Northumberland and 
 the mayor of Newcastle, to raise forty armed men and twenty 
 archers to replace the men of Richard Talbot, lately keeper of 
 Berwick, and now from the custody of that town relieved and 
 exonerated. The men are to be sent to Berwick with all speed, 
 and the chamberlain of Berwick will pay them their wages while 
 they remain on duty there. 
 
 June 12. 
 
 Inquisition after the death of John, son of Gilbert Gategang, 
 and brother of Gilbert who occurs as bailiff of Gateshead in 1287, 
 and several times afterwards. The jurors found that he was seised 
 of 26 acres of land in the Aldepark, held of the bishop of Durham 
 by fealty, and 175. 4d. Heir, his son John, aged 30. (Sec the 
 pedigree of Gategang in Surtees' History of Durham, vol. ii., p. 116.) 
 
 Align 'st 3. 
 Confirmation by the bishop of Durham of a composition made
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 
 
 107 
 
 between William Burdon, late vicar of Newcastle, and Peter Hawkes- 
 well, chaplain of St. Lawrence, in a law-suit respecting certain 
 offerings of hens, young pigs, pigeons, etc., breeding and feeding within 
 the bounds and precincts of the latter place. The chaplain had 
 agreed to pay Burdon 6s. 8d. per annum, and the bishop orders 
 John Hirlaw, who had succeeded Burdon in the vicarage of Newcastle, 
 to acquiesce in the same. 
 
 November 14. 
 
 License granted to John Wawayn, rector of Brancepeth, for 
 building a cell in the churchyard of St. Mary's, Gateshead, for 
 an anchoress, provided a convenient place can be found for her, and 
 the rector of the church gives his consent. The name is preserved 
 to this day in the Anchorage School attached to Gateshead Church. 
 
 John Byker occurs as holding the manor of Byker, containing 
 a carucate of land [as much as can be tilled in a year by one plough], 
 a hundred acres of wood, and 175. /d. annual rent, of the king in 
 chief, by the service, among others, of payment to the king of io/. 
 yearly for castle ward to the castle of Newcastle. 
 
 
 STKKIM.K <>i ST. NICHOLAS' CHIKCH.
 
 FIFTH DECADE -134.1-50. 
 
 1341. 
 
 14 and 15 EDWARD III. 
 Bishop of Durham Richard Bury. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 Sir William Felton Mayor. 
 
 Robert Musgrave, 
 John Woodman, 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs elected at Michaelmas : 
 Mayor John Denton. 
 
 Hu?h Carliol. ) 7 , .,.. 
 T u IT i j ( Bailiffs. 
 John Emeldon, ) 
 
 ,- 
 
 (. Thomas Burnton, 
 
 John Galloway, 
 Peter Graper. 
 
 Sheriff of Northumberland and keeper of the castle of Newcastle 
 William Felton. 
 
 ARLIAMENT was summoned to meet at West- 
 
 minster on the 23d April, 
 represented by 
 
 Newcastle was 
 
 William Emeldon and Hugh Sadlingstones. 
 
 On the 1 2th February the king writes to the 
 mayor and bailiffs of Newcastle, and twenty-six 
 other towns, that his enemies of France are doing 
 great damage upon the coast and elsewhere, and he commands that 
 all ships belonging to the port, apparelled for war and well furnished, 
 and being in the port at the octave of Easter, shall proceed thence 
 upon the sea in the king's service, for the defence of the kingdom and
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 109 
 
 recovery of his rights. And of the good and discreet men of the town, 
 two are to be sent to Westminster in Lent, that they may inform the 
 king and council about the array of the fleet, and confer with them 
 as to taking such proceedings as the council, for the repulsion of the 
 enemies of the crown, may ordain. Parliament granted the king 
 30,000 sacks of wool, and the portion to be levied in Newcastle was 
 73 sacks, i quarter, 2 stones, 3^ pounds. 
 
 This year the Scots were again in the field, and king Edward came 
 to Newcastle at the beginning of December with an army of 40,000 
 infantry and 6000 cavalry, on his way to Berwick. He had ordered a 
 powerful fleet to meet him at the latter place with provisions, but the 
 weather was tempestuous, and the king was obliged to return to 
 Newcastle, where, after he had waited a month, his ships arrived in a 
 shattered state. The Scots, unaware of these disasters, sent a bishop 
 and an abbot to Newcastle to solicit a truce, which Edward granted 
 on condition that if David Bruce did not return from France to claim 
 the crown in person, his followers should transfer their allegiance to 
 the English monarch. King Edward dated letters from Newcastle on 
 the 4th November, and on the 3d and 4th December, and spent his 
 Christmas at Melrose. 
 
 September 22. 
 
 Ordained deacon by the bishop of Durham at Stockton, William 
 Prester of Gateshead, by title of 5 marks from John Woodman, one of 
 the bailiffs of Newcastle. 
 
 September 30. 
 
 Date of indenture between the prior and convent of Durham, and 
 John Denton, mayor of Newcastle, in which the former acknowledged 
 receipt from the latter of 13 marks and 10 pence of silver, which the 
 king had granted them annually out of the rent of Newcastle. 
 
 November 7. 
 
 Mandate from the king at Stamford to the sheriff of Kent, to 
 obtain from Walter Lucas, " our baker" at Canterbury, 44 barrels of 
 flour, convey it to Sandwich, and there ship it to Newcastle, delivering 
 it there about the feast of St. Martin, to John Thyngden, the king's 
 receiver of victuals. Similar mandate to Robert Wardcop, receiver 
 of victuals at Lynn, to ship 1500 quarters of corn, 500 quarters of 
 barley, and 500 quarters of beans and peas to Newcastle, and 1000 
 quarters of corn and 500 quarters of barley to Berwick. 
 
 Nicholas of Stockton occurs this year as master of the chapel of 
 St. Thomas the Martyr, on Tyne Bridge.
 
 no NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 1342. 
 
 15 and 1 6 EDWARD III. 
 Bishop of Durham Richard Bury. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs of Neivcastle till Michaelmas : 
 John Denton Mayor. 
 
 Gilbert Hawkin, Thomas Burnton, ) ,, .,.,-r. 
 
 John Galloway, Peter Graper, j 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs elected at Michaelmas : 
 Mayor Robert Halliwell. 
 
 r> -TSC f William Acton, 
 Bailiffs, - 
 
 ( John Durham, 
 
 Robert Musgravc, 
 John Durham, Thomas Fleming. 
 
 PARLIAMENT was convened for the 1 6th October at 
 Westminster, but no returns to the writs have been 
 found. 
 
 The king came to Newcastle, on his way south, 
 at the latter end of January, and thence proceeded 
 to London, whence he dates a letter on the ist February. In June 
 David Bruce and his queen landed in Scotland from France, accom- 
 panied by the Earl of Murray (who had been exchanged with the 
 Earl of Salisbury, a prisoner in the French war), and raising a 
 powerful army, set out from Perth for England. Entering by the 
 eastern border, the Scots ravaged Northumberland, and sat down 
 before Newcastle. " The captain of the castle [Newcastle] was Lord 
 John Nevil of Hornby, a person of great conduct and bravery, who, 
 resolving to give the young king of Scotland a taste of the English 
 valour as soon as might be, commanded 200 lances to make a sally 
 very early next morning. These dashing suddenly, with great fury, 
 into the Scottish host on that part where the Earl of Murray was 
 (who, as they say, was chief general for the time, the king himself 
 keeping private), took the earl himself naked in bed, dragged him 
 away naked out of his tent, and so, having slain several of his men, 
 and won much booty, they returned all safe into the town with 
 great joy, and delivered the Earl of Murray prisoner to their captain. 
 This daring enterprise having alarmed the whole camp, the Scots 
 ran like madmen to the barriers of the town, and began a fierce 
 assault, which they continued a great while, with much pertinency. 
 But they gained little and lost much. For there were many good 
 men of war within, who defended themselves with much resolution
 
 FO UR TEE NTH CENTUR Y. m 
 
 and discretion, so that the Scots were at last fain to leave off their 
 attack and the hopes of suddenly revenging their dishonour in that 
 place. Wherefore that bold and lucky attempt of the besieged being 
 thus well backed by a vigorous defence, was sufficient to persuade king 
 David and his council that to dally about Newcastle was dangerous, 
 whereupon, about noon, they decamped and went for Durham." Grey's 
 account in the Chorographia localises the scene of this brilliant 
 sally : " West is Close Gate, called so from a street called the 
 Close, which goeth up the water to a place of recreation called the 
 Forth, given to the town for good services performed by the burgesses 
 of the same. In Edward III.'s reign three hundred valiant men 
 issued out of the town through a postern gate, came suddenly in 
 the night upon a great army of the Scots which lay in that part, west 
 of the town, raised the army of the Scots, put them to flight, and 
 took Earl Murray prisoner in his tent, and others." Froissart relates 
 that king Edward, hearing of the invasion, came north, and drove 
 the Scots across the border at Jedburgh, but this is disputed. His 
 Majesty embarked on the 4th October for France, having concluded 
 a truce with David for two years, and there does not appear to be any 
 trace of his coming further north than Leeds after the month of 
 January. 
 
 Altogether considered, the year 1342 was an eventful one for the 
 good men of Newcastle. They had offended the king, who took 
 away all their privileges, fined them 5oo/. as a community, and 
 inflicted heavy penalties upon the leading members of the muni- 
 cipality ; they had assembled and agreed upon articles for the better 
 government of the town, and for avoiding the transgressions and ex- 
 cesses which had brought upon them the royal displeasure ; they were 
 threatened with a protracted siege, and, with the aid of the garrison, 
 bravely defended themselves, capturing the great leader of the Scots, 
 the Earl of Murray ; and, lastly, they had the satisfaction of receiving 
 the king's consent to their Municipal Reform Bill a measure which 
 the humbler inhabitants regarc d as a great charter of liberty, 
 enabling them to avoid extortion from the merchant guild, to 
 obtain direct administration of justice, to secure public inspection of 
 accounts and records, and to give them, as they supposed, a better 
 representation in the governing body. 
 
 April 6. 
 
 Mandate from the king, commanding his receiver of victuals at 
 Newcastle, John Thyngden, that out of a fine of 5OO/., levied upon 
 the men of Newcastle for transgressions and excesses, which 
 before Thomas Surtccs and his associates, justices, had been heard,
 
 ii2 NE WCASTLE AND GA TESHEAD. 
 
 determined, and assigned, he, the said Thyngden, shall pay to William 
 Careswell, keeper of Berwick, 3OO/., and victuals to the value of 2OO/., 
 if so much victuals remain in his hands ; and if he has not victuals to 
 that value, then all the victuals in his keeping, and the balance in 
 money as Henry of Lancaster, Earl of Derby, may advise. This sum 
 of 3<DO/. is part payment to Careswell for his dwelling at Berwick, 
 according to agreement, and his having purchased for the king's use 
 at Newcastle victuals to the value of 6i/. 153. 
 
 April 8. 
 
 Another mandate from the king to John Thyngden, his receiver 
 of victuals in Newcastle. Whereas, for various transgressions and 
 excesses by them committed, the king has imposed the following 
 fines namely, upon 
 
 Waleran Lumley ... ... ... 400 marks [266/. 135. 4d.] 
 
 Richard Acton, for himself and his wife 240 [i6o/. os. od.] 
 
 John Denton ... ... ... 300 \2ool. os. od.] 
 
 John Galloway ... ... ... 100 [ 661. 135. 4d.] 
 
 Richard Galloway ... "' ... 100 pounds [ioo/. os. od.] 
 
 Thomas Fleming ... ... ... ioo [ioo/. os. od.] 
 
 William Acton ... ... ... 200 marks [i33/. 6s. 8d.] 
 
 Robert Halliwell ... ... ... 200 [i33/- 6s. 8d.] 
 
 John, son of Robert Halliwell, and 
 
 Robert his brother ... ... ioo pounds [ioo/. os. od.] 
 
 John Frismareys or Frismarisco ... 250 marks [i667. 135. 4d.] 
 
 John Gategang ... ... ... 4 pounds [ 4/. os. od.] 
 
 John Castiellitle ... ... ... ioo shillings [ 5/. os. od.] 
 
 Geoffrey Wandesford ... ... ioo pounds [too/, os. od.] 
 
 Robert Ripon ... ... ... 10 marks [ 61. 133. 4d.] 
 
 [i542/. 6s. Sd.] 
 
 And whereas by a certain roll in Chancery, under the seal of William 
 Kildesby, the following sums are to be paid in the feast of Easter next 
 ensuing that is to say, by Waleran Lumley, ioo marks ; Richard 
 Acton, 4O/. ; John Denton, ioo marks ; John Galloway, 40 marks ; 
 Richard Galloway, 50 marks ; Thomas Fleming, 50 marks ; William 
 Acton, 50 marks ; Robert Halliwell, 40 marks ; John, son of Robert, 
 and Robert his brother, 50 marks ; Geoffrey, 50 marks ; John 
 Frismarisco, 40 marks ; John Gategang, 4/. ; John Castiellitle, loos. ; 
 and Robert Ripon, 10 marks ; the king commands that Thyngden 
 shall levy these sums, amounting to 653 marks 6s. Sd. [43 5/. 133. 4d.] 
 upon the persons aforesaid, without delay, and retain the money until 
 respecting its disposal he shall be more fully instructed. The king 
 also commands the sheriff of Northumberland to aid and assist 
 Thyngden in making the levy.
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 113 
 
 May 6. 
 
 Mandate from the king, ordering the restoration of Newcastle to 
 the burgesses. The document states that the king had taken the 
 town into his own hands, on account of certain transgressions and 
 excesses, and had given the custody of the same to William Felton ; 
 yet, considering the faithful services to him and his predecessors of the 
 said burgesses, in saving and defending the town against the Scottish 
 enemy, and the great and heavy expense which they had borne in 
 surrounding it with a wall ; and considering that they had promised 
 to repair defects in the wall at their own cost, and to keep in custody 
 delinquents, and punish them according to the laws and customs of 
 the kingdom, he had, at the earnest request of the burgesses, restored 
 to them the town with its belongings, to have and to hold for 
 themselves and their successors, with all liberties and free customs 
 thereunto pertaining, etc., on payment of the accustomed fee-farm. 
 
 July 10. 
 
 The king issues his mandate to the bailiffs of various southern 
 ports, commanding them to seize any men or goods that may come 
 within their jurisdiction belonging to Calais, Boulogne, Dieppe, or 
 other parts of France under the allegiance of Philip of Valois, 
 because men from those places, contrary to the conditions of truce, 
 have forcibly taken to Boulogne a ship belonging to William 
 Balderdale of London, of which John Weyte of Clive is master, 
 while on her passage with gold, silver, and other goods, valued at 
 4<DO/.. from the port of London to that of Newcastle. 
 
 August 4. 
 
 The king, at Reading, directs that for 40 men-of-arms, 5 knights, 
 34 shield-bearers, and 100 mounted archers, remaining in his service 
 at Berwick for a quarter of a year, at a cost of 354/. i8s., of which 
 only 100 marks [66/. 133. 4d.] has been paid, James Audley shall 
 receive 51 sacks and 15^ stones of wool namely, 36 sacks at New- 
 castle, and the remainder, 15 sacks, 15^ stones, from the county of 
 Lancaster ; the wool at Newcastle being priced at 8 marks, and 
 the other at 9 marks per sack, equal to 28S/. 43. 8d. On the 
 1 5th September a mandate is issued to William Felton, sheriff of 
 Northumberland, his sub-sheriff, Robert Shilvington, and others, to 
 hasten the collection of the 36 sacks due to Audley at Newcastle. 
 
 September 12. 
 
 The bishop of Durham appointed Edmund Howard, archdeacon 
 of Northumberland, and John Hirlawe, perpetual vicar of St.
 
 ii 4 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 Nicholas', Newcastle, to inquire into the case of William Rcdmar- 
 shall, clerk, who, under a charge of robbery, had been for a long 
 time incarcerated at Durham, and now offered to purge himself of 
 his crime. 
 
 September 21. 
 
 Ordained sub-deacon in Durham cathedral, by the bishop of 
 Bisaccia, acting for the bishop of Durham, Thomas Homer, by 
 title of 5 marks from Nicholas, son and heir of Sir Nicholas Scott 
 of Newcastle. 
 
 October 20. 
 
 Royal consent given to articles agreed upon by the burgesses of 
 Newcastle assembled in full guild, at the hospital of the Virgin, near 
 the West Gate, on the Friday before the feast [i4th February] of 
 St. Valentine, and sealed with their common seal. The articles arc 
 as follows : 
 
 " i. If any persons persistently violate the peace, by day or by 
 night, and will not obey the custodians of the peace, all the community 
 shall assist, and raising hue and cry, take the offenders, and have 
 them punished according to law. And if any shall refuse to aid, etc., 
 they shall be brought before the mayor and twenty-four brethren of 
 the twelve mysteries, and be heavily punished and fined ; one half of 
 the fines to go to the king, and the other half to the common use of 
 the town. 
 
 " 2. Every burgess of the town, whether poor or rich, or of what- 
 soever condition, shall have the liberty of going on board ships, 
 whether native or foreign, to buy whatsoever merchandise may be on 
 sale ; and if any wholesale merchant go on board and purchase a large 
 quantity of goods, every burgess of the town shall have the right to 
 buy of him for the sustenance of his family at the same price that the 
 merchant gave. [This is said to have been an infringement of the 
 rights of the Merchants' Company.] Nothing is to be sold from a 
 ship until a plank has been placed on board connecting the vessel 
 with the shore, under pain of forfeiture. 
 
 " 3. Whereas, many quarrels and dissensions have arisen concerning 
 the elections of mayors and bailiffs by confederations and procura- 
 tions, so that the town, with its mayoralty and liberties, has fallen into 
 the king's hands : it is ordered that twenty-four of the most honour- 
 able, decent, and honest brethren of the twelve mysteries namely : 
 
 Merchants of woollen cloth ' Corn merchants or | Cordwainers 
 
 Mercers Boothmen Butchers 
 
 Skinners 
 
 Tailors 
 
 Saddlers 
 
 Bakers 
 Tanners 
 
 Smiths 
 Fullers
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 1 1 5 
 
 shall be chosen, two from each mystery ; which twenty-four shall elect 
 four, either of themselves or of other honest, respectable, and faithful 
 men in the community ; which four shall take to themselves other 
 eight, making twelve, and these twelve shall elect other twelve, 
 making twenty-four, by which twenty-four the mayor for the year 
 ensuing shall be elected, and the mayor so elected and sworn, with 
 the aforesaid twenty-four electors, shall elect the bailiffs and all 
 other officers for the same year. [Four elections before the mayor- 
 choosing ! ] 
 
 " 4. It is ordained and agreed that the mayor, with the bailiffs and 
 their chamberlains, at the end of each week, shall see and compute all 
 the issues and profits of the town, and write them in a roll, one part of 
 which shall remain with the mayor, bailiffs, and chamberlains, and the 
 other part shall be delivered to the aforesaid twelve mysteries, so that 
 the whole community shall know the value of the town at the end of 
 each year, and in what manner the receipts and payments have been 
 dealt with, and in order that none may sell the property of the town 
 to the deterioration and depreciation of the community. No writing 
 or muniment to be sealed with the common seal of the town with- 
 out the consideration, consent, and inspection of the aforesaid twelve 
 mysteries. 
 
 " 5. The mayor and chamberlains for the time being shall cause 
 auditors to be elected, who shall render an account yearly, within 
 the fifteen days before Michaelmas, of all the issues and profits of the 
 town. 
 
 " 6. It is agreed that all assessors of taxes shall be elected by the 
 twenty-four of the aforesaid mysteries, with other honest men of the 
 community, who know well and understand the state, condition, and 
 capabilities of the community, and the mysteries of the town ; the 
 four-and-twenty to hold a counterpart of the taxation roll against the 
 assessors, so that the community shall be able to see that the taxes 
 are faithfully assessed and levied. 
 
 "7. It is agreed that all tax-masters and collectors of the pence of 
 our lord the king, the mayors also, and all other officers who levy taxes 
 and other dues from the community, shall render account to the 
 auditors assigned and appointed by the community and the twenty- 
 four ; so that all the community may be able to see in what manner 
 the taxes are levied, and how much of those levied by the king they 
 are to bear. The king's assessors, however, are not to account to such 
 auditors without the royal command. 
 
 " 8. It is agreed that the good usages and customs of the town 
 shall be reduced to writing, and that copies of the same shall be 
 delivered to the twenty-four of the mysteries, and to all other
 
 u6 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 burgesses who desire it, so that the usages and customs of the 
 town may not by the will of the bailiffs be lost. 
 
 "9. In each year, on the day of election of the mayor, all charters 
 and muniments touching the liberties of the town shall be shown and 
 read before the community, so that if any charter or muniment be 
 withdrawn or lost, he or they in whose custody they remain may 
 respond and give satisfaction. 
 
 " 10. Whereas, pleas of land by writ are pleadable in the courts of 
 the town of Newcastle, by virtue of the liberties thereof : it is agreed 
 that, to avoid the disinheriting of the men of the town, the rolls of the 
 courts shall be preserved and safely kept in the treasury as matters 
 of record ; and that the chief clerk of the town shall freely exhibit 
 them each year at the mayor-choosing, in presence of the community. 
 And if any of the rolls be lost or withdrawn, he shall reply and make 
 satisfaction, etc. 
 
 "u. Whereas, Tyne Bridge is in places broken, falling, and 
 decayed, while the rents of the same are subtracted and withheld : 
 it is ordered that the master of the bridge, with the aid of the twenty- 
 four brethren of the twelve mysteries, and of the whole community, 
 shall call in the arrears of payment, and apply them to the repairing 
 and restoration of the structure. 
 
 " 12. Equal law shall be made and maintained in the court 
 without change that is to say, there shall not be one law for the 
 rich and another for the poor. Judgment in the court shall be given 
 according to law, and execution shall not be influenced by favour or 
 gift to any magistrate, bailiff, or other officer. Any person convicted 
 of offending herein shall be removed from office. 
 
 "13. The assize of bread and beer shall be held and maintained 
 according to law, and the master bakers, and not their servants, shall 
 bear the penalties by the statute ordained. Proof or test of all 
 measures, ells, and weights shall be made twice, or at least once a-year. 
 
 " 14. The chattels of felons, and their lands and tenements, arc to 
 be delivered and placed in safe custody ; and those who kept them, 
 and their heirs, and all persons whomsoever having the custody of 
 them, shall answer for the value of them to the justices itinerant, so 
 that the community may be indemnified. 
 
 "15. The fines of such persons as are convicted of any trans- 
 gression against the peace and liberty of the town shall not be 
 relaxed or condoned by favour or procuration." f 
 
 December 6. 
 
 The prior and brethren of the order of Preachers, or Dominicans, 
 obtained from the king power to construct and renew certain gates
 
 FO UR TEE NTH CENTUR Y. 117 
 
 which they had for going out of their land near the Westgate, and for 
 closing their house. The gates had been broken down in a dispute 
 between the men of Northumberland and certain men of Newcastle, 
 at the time when Lord Warren, warden of the marches, was lodging in 
 the monastery ; and, owing to impediments thrown in their way by 
 some of the men of Newcastle, the prior and his colleagues had been 
 unable to restore them. At the same date the Grey Friars, or Minors, 
 received a grant from the king of the sole use of a fountain, called 
 Seven-Head-Wells, adjoining their property near Pilgrim Street gate. 
 They represented to His Majesty that they had held a conduit of 
 water running from this fountain for a long time ; that they had 
 enclosed the fountain with stone, and put up a door, of which they 
 held the key ; but, having granted the use of the water to the men 
 of the town, certain of the latter had broken the conduit, and diverted 
 the water out of its right and ancient course. The king gave them all 
 they asked for ; empowering them to repair and amend the fountain, 
 restore the water to its ancient channel, lock up the place, and keep 
 the fountain for their separate use. 
 
 Mandate issued by the bishop of Durham to John Hirlawe, vicar 
 of St. Nicholas', Newcastle, for the formal excommunication of 
 William Bowes, a brother of the Grey Friars, or Friars Minor of 
 Newcastle, for apostasy. 
 
 1343- 
 
 1 6 and 17 EDWARD III. 
 Bishop of Durham Richard Bury. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 Robert Halliwell Mayor. 
 
 William Acton, Robert Musgrave, ) n / / a- 
 
 John Denton, Thomas Fleming, f 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs elected at Michaelmas : 
 Mayor Richard Galloway. 
 
 | William Acton, John Woodman, 
 Bailiffs, ^ Thomas Fleming, Robert Musgrave of Penrith. 
 
 This is the list of Bourne, who leaves Woodman's name blank. 
 
 9
 
 1 1 8 NE WCASTLE AND GA TESHEAD. 
 
 Brand supplies the omission with the name of " Durham " in his 
 second volume. But in his first volume, p. 73, he quotes a deed 
 signed on Thursday before the feast of St. Peter in Cathedra, 1343 
 (which was on Thursday, ipth February 1344), wherein the bailiffs 
 are William Acton, John Woodman, Thomas Fleming, and Robert 
 Penrith ; elsewhere called Musgrave of Penrith. 
 
 ARLIAMENT was summoned to meet at Westminster 
 on the 28th April. The names of the members for 
 Newcastle are unknown. 
 
 The truce with Scotland had not been kept, and 
 King Edward ordered his forces to meet him at 
 Berwick at Easter. The account of his proceedings in the north 
 is very meagre, and nothing appears to be known respecting his 
 passing through Newcastle. Another truce for two years with 
 Scotland was arranged, to which the king of France was a consent- 
 ing party. 
 
 January 9. 
 
 Notice given by the bishop of Durham to the dean of Newcastle 
 of an intended visitation. The clergy of St. Nicholas' and All Saints' 
 are to present themselves at St. Nicholas' Church, on Monday after 
 the Purification [2d February] ; those of St. Andrew's, St. John's, and 
 St. Thomas', at the same place on the Monday following ; and the 
 monks and nuns on the intervening Wednesday. 
 
 February 4. 
 
 Prince Edward, keeper of England, sends orders to John Thyngdcn, 
 receiver of victuals in Newcastle, commanding him to place the wine 
 and other victuals in his custody at the disposal of Peter Greathead, 
 receiver of victuals at Berwick. 
 
 March I. 
 
 Ordained presbyter at Durham, by the bishop of Bisaccia, " Sir " 
 William of Newham, by title of 5 marks from Richard Durham, 
 burgess of Newcastle, with which he declared himself content. 
 
 March 26. 
 
 Robert Shilvington and Richard Galloway occur as collectors of 
 the king's customs in the port of Newcastle. In a petition to parlia- 
 ment in 1348 (which see), it is stated that Galloway had become an 
 outlaw. 
 
 May 17. 
 
 Mandate from the king to the mayor and bailiffs of Newcastle 
 and other towns, ordering them to proclaim a prohibition against the
 
 FO UR TEE NTH CENTUR Y. 1 1 9 
 
 exportation of wood, boards, or any kind of timber out of the 
 kingdom. 
 
 September 25. 
 
 The mayor and bailiffs of Newcastle write to the mayor and 
 bailiffs of Stockton, respecting the customs and regulations of the 
 town, which it appears the men of Stockton claimed to have and 
 enjoy in like manner with their powerful neighbours on the Tyne. 
 Among the items are the following : " Merchandise coming within the 
 port of the said town of Newcastle ought to be sold by the merchants 
 of the said merchandise, and not by the host, being a burgess ; and the 
 host ought to receive to himself no part above his fellows ; and the 
 same merchandise ought not to be sold nor delivered before the rising 
 of the sun nor after the setting of the same. And every burgess, 
 according to his state, ought to have of such like things and victuals 
 for sustentation of his house, although he was not at the buying 
 thereof, whilst the ship was disburdening, etc. No burgess ought to 
 buy merchandise coming upon the sea before they come within the 
 harbour of the town, etc., except by the special license of the mayor. 
 Fish and herring may be sold by the host, being a burgess ; and the 
 burgess, being a host, shall take nothing for sale of the merchandise of 
 strangers, only for fish and herring he may. And if more ships shall 
 come at one flowing tide of the sea, every ship's cargo ought distinctly 
 and plainly to be sold to the burgesses by the noon of the day, and at 
 divers prices, according to the value of the things. And the mayor of 
 the town, and sounder part of the commonalty amongst them, may 
 order whatsoever for the utility of the town shall seem fit to be ordered, 
 and that which amongst them shall be ordered shall continue firm 
 and established, etc. Every burgess may have a mill of his own upon 
 his own land, horse-mill, water-mill, wind-mill, or hand-mill ; he may 
 also have an oven or furnace, but not to bake bread to sell ; and he 
 may receive his neighbours unto his oven, saving the right of our 
 sovereign lord the king of furnace or bakehouse. Every burgess 
 may have his own measure in his own proper house. The son of a 
 burgess, whilst he is at the finding or table of his father, shall have the 
 same liberty which his father hath. If the servant of a baron or 
 knight be made a burgess, and shall remain within the borough one 
 year and one day, without calumpny of his lord or his bailiff, he shall 
 be a burgess for ever. Every burgess may send his corn to be ground 
 to whatever mill he will. No merchant, not being a burgess of the 
 town, may buy in the town wall or holdings, except it be of the 
 burgesses of the town. Every burgess in his testaments, his lands 
 and tenths, which he hath purchased, may give in legacy to whom- 
 soever he will. Butchers which shall sell flesh dead of the murrain,
 
 120 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 or other flesh unwholesome or superseminate, shall be punished. 
 Hucksters who buy anything before the fifth hour of the day, shall, 
 for the first offence, be amerced as forestallers ; for the second fault 
 they shall forfeit the thing bought ; for the third fault they shall 
 suffer the judgment on the pillory ; and the fourth time shall be 
 imprisoned till redeemed," etc. [This document is erroneously dated 
 1 344 by local historians.] 
 
 December 12. 
 
 Mandate from the king to the collectors of customs in New- 
 castle, stating that he has, by letters patent, given to William Felton 
 and his heirs, for good services rendered by the said William, 2O/. per 
 annum, to be paid by the hands of the collectors of customs for 
 the time being, and ordering them to pay this sum and take a receipt. 
 Felton was sheriff of Northumberland in 1338, 1340, and 1342, and 
 the holder of various offices of trust on the marches. He was mayor 
 of Newcastle in 1340-41 ; not, probably, by election of the burgesses, 
 but as representative of the king when His Majesty seized the town 
 into his own hands, as recorded on page 1 13. 
 
 December 17. 
 
 On the Wednesday before the feast of St. Thomas, Cecilia Under- 
 wood making her will, which was proved in the following February, 
 bequeaths to the Friars Minor of Newcastle, 133. 4d. 
 
 John of Plessy laid in pawn for 2Os., with " frer Jake," master of 
 the hospital of the Virgin, in the Westgate, Newcastle, one vestment, 
 with the white chesible and two towels belonging them, one towel for 
 the altar, with one embossed frontal, and two white capes of the same 
 attire ; also three books namely, one grail, one processionary, and 
 one martyrology, to be redeemable at three several payments of half- 
 a-mark each.
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 121 
 
 1344. 
 
 17 and 1 8 EDWARD III. 
 Bishop of Durham Richard Bury. 
 Mayor and Bailiffs of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 Richard Galloway Mayor. 
 
 William Acton, John Durham, } .,.. 
 
 Thomas Fleming, Robert Musgrave of Penrith, J 
 
 Mayor and Bailiff's elected at Michaelmas : 
 Mayor Robert Shilvington. 
 
 Bailiffs -f Rb ert Musgrave, Robert Halliwell, 
 
 ' 1 John Woodman, William Acton. 
 
 Sheriff of Northumberland and keeper of the castle of Newcastle 
 Robert Fenwick. 
 
 PARLIAMENT was convened to meet at Westminster 
 on the 7th June. Newcastle was represented by 
 
 Edmund Widdrington and John Chambers. 
 
 In the early part of the year (6th February), the mayor 
 and bailiffs of Newcastle were ordered, amongst those 
 of other towns, to send to London in Lent two of the most sufficient 
 and most able men to advise about the state of the navy, in order that 
 the king and his council might confer with them. 
 
 February 12. 
 
 Mandate from the king to the mayor and bailiffs of various towns, 
 and amongst them Newcastle, prohibiting the exportation beyond the 
 sea of sterling money, silver, or gold or silver plate. 
 
 February 20. 
 
 Joan, widow of Nicholas Elleker of Newcastle, remitted to the 
 fraternity of St. Mary's Hospital, Westgate, all her right in the lands 
 and tenements which reverted to her as her dower after the death of 
 her husband, and which they held at that time by his gift. 
 
 August 20. 
 
 Mandate from the king to the bishop of Durham, to send 500 
 hobelars to Newcastle on the feast of the Virgin, for the service of 
 
 the army in Scotland. 
 
 September 23. 
 
 Mandate to the bishop of Durham, informing him that Gilbert
 
 122 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 Umfraville, John Fenwick, Richard Galloway, mayor of Newcastle, 
 and Adam Corbridge, have been appointed to take cognisance of 
 weirs and kiddles lying across the stream of the river Tyne to the 
 detriment of the navigation and the diminution of the king's profits 
 arising from the fisheries there, and warning the bishop not to molest 
 the commissioners in the performance of their duty. 
 
 November 4. 
 
 The king again takes possession of the town of Newcastle, and com- 
 mits it to the charge of Henry Percy, Ralph Neville, John Fenwick, 
 Robert Fenwick, and Walter Creyk. His Majesty states that, 
 on account of certain notorious contempts and disobedience newly 
 committed by the mayor and community of Newcastle, he ordains, 
 with the consent of his council, that the town and its liberties shall 
 be taken into his hands, and the above-named are to provide for the 
 safe custody of the same. Brand makes a curious jumble of this 
 transaction, assigning it to 1345, within a fortnight after the king 
 had restored the town to the inhabitants. Fortunately, he gives the 
 date of the deed (18 Ed., III.), and as Edward commenced to reign 
 on the 2$th January 1327, it is obvious that his iSth year was 
 from 25th January 1344 to 24th January 1345; and 4th November 
 in the i8th year must be 4th November 1344, and not 1345. 
 
 I34S 
 
 18 and 19 EDWARD III. 
 Bishops of Durham Richard Bury and Thomas Hatfield. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs of Newcastle till MicJiaelmas : 
 Robert Shilvington Mayor. 
 
 Robert Musgrave, Robert Halliwell, ) p .,.., 
 
 John Woodman, William Acton, I 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs elected at Michaelmas . 
 Mayor Robert Shilvington. 
 
 I" William Acton, 
 ' [ John Emeldon, 
 
 Hugh Angerton, 
 John Wake. 
 
 Bourne, and after him Brand, have Robert Foghale mayor, and the 
 bailiffs, William Acton, Hugh Carliol, John Frismarisco, and Robert
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 123 
 
 Penrith. But Brand quotes a deed in All Saints' vestry, dated July 
 1346, which contains the names of Shilvington as mayor, and 
 Angcrton, Wake, and Emeldon as bailiffs. This should have kept 
 him right, but he proceeds to correct Bourne therefrom in the fol- 
 lowing year 1346-7 and makes the confusion worse. Hodgson 
 publishes a deed probably the same dated July 1346, in which 
 the re-election of Shilvington is confirmed, and Acton, Angerton, 
 Emeldon, and Wake appear as bailiffs. 
 
 April 24. 
 
 I SHOP BURY died at Bishop Auckland, after a long 
 illness, and was buried in Durham cathedral. He was 
 succeeded by the keeper of the Privy Seal, Thomas 
 Hatfield. Bury's reputation has come down to us 
 as that of one of the earliest and most munificent 
 patrons of literature and learning in England. He is said to have 
 possessed more books than all the bishops of England together the 
 floor of his common apartment being so covered with them, that 
 those who entered could not with due reverence approach him. His 
 charities also knew no bounds. His gates were ever open to the poor 
 and needy. Besides the fragments of his table, four quarters of wheat 
 were distributed to the necessitous weekly ; and those who came too 
 late to get their share had a small dole in current coin bestowed upon 
 them. Every time the bishop travelled from Durham to Newcastle 
 he gave twelve marks in charity ; between Durham and Stockton, 
 eight marks ; between Durham and Auckland, five marks ; and from 
 Durham to Middleham, a hundred shillings. But the noblest 
 instance of his generosity was the extensive public library which 
 he founded at Oxford for the use of the students of Durham, now 
 Trinity College. His mortal remains were interred beneath a richly 
 ornamented marble stone, in front of the altar of St. Andrew and 
 St. Mary Magdalene, in the chapel of the Nine Altars. 
 
 May 20. 
 
 Commission issued by the bishop of Durham to Thomas Surtees, 
 Roger Esh, Adam Bowes, and William Mordon, to inquire, by the 
 oaths of true and honest men, as to an alleged forcible entry of free- 
 warren at Nether Heworth. The offenders are William Norton, 
 chaplain, Thomas, son of Thomas Hall of Newcastle, William Scott 
 of Upper Heworth, and other malefactors ; and the charge was, that 
 without leave or license they entered the free-warren of the prior 
 of Durham at Nether Heworth, caught hares and rabbits, and 
 assaulted Nicholas Egremont, the prior's servant.
 
 i2 4 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 August 27. 
 
 Commission issued by the bishop of Durham to the prior of 
 Durham, Ralph Neville, Thomas Surtees, Roger Blakiston, and 
 others, to make inquisition as to persons who have unlawfully 
 interfered with his right of navigation and fishing in the southern 
 half of the waters of the Tyne. The bishop recites his claim, that, from 
 time beyond the memory of man, there existed a fishery near Ryton 
 called the Blaklough, to the westward of Tyne Bridge, belonging to 
 the bishopric ; another called Cromwell, of which the third part 
 belonged to the see ; another called Quickham Drawwater, belonging 
 to the bishop ; a yare called the Rutyare, which also belonged to the 
 see, and used to extend to the mid-water of Tyne ; another yare, of 
 like extent, called Maleyare, near the Redheugh all west of Tyne 
 Bridge; and on the east of the bridge the Kirkyare, beneath the 
 bishop's manor of Gateshead, extending to one-third part of the water 
 of Tyne ; a fishery called Toulershell, and a yare under Gateshead 
 park called Helperyare, to a third of Tyne water ; and lastly, a fishery 
 called Turnwater, under Freregose [Friars' Goose], belonging to the 
 bishop. He further declares that from time immemorial he and his 
 men have had liberty and right to load and unload ships on the south 
 side of the Tyne, and to fish and to sell the fish so caught within his 
 liberties, and alleges that these rights are being interfered with by 
 certain malefactors and disturbers of the peace, who try to force ships 
 to unload in other parts of the Tyne, and compel fishers to bring the 
 fish they have caught to those places, against the peace of the king 
 and the liberties of the see. He mentions a case in which five ships, 
 which loaded at Whickham and were going to discharge at Gateshead, 
 were seized and forced to unload outside his jurisdiction. The names 
 of various offenders are given in the document, among which are 
 those of Robert Halliwell, senior, Richard Galloway, John Galloway, 
 Thomas Fleming, Gilbert Hawkyn, Gilbert Dolphanby, William 
 Acton, John Woodman, John Frismareys, Hugh Carliol, John 
 Carliol, Richard Cromelif, John Duxfield, Thomas Burnton, William 
 Burnton, Edward Widdrington, John Morpeth, skinner, John Durham 
 of Newcastle, John Halliwell, Thomas Hall, Robert Pulhore, Peter 
 Spicer, Robert Norreys, and John Regnauld most of these being 
 prominent citizens of Newcastle and members of the municipal body. 
 Hutchinson quotes from a document in the Tower of London, dated 
 1334, the following information respecting this ancient grievance: 
 " The king's commissioners appointed conservators of the river Tyne 
 were prosecuted before the bishop of Durham's justices (appointed by 
 the bishop's commission) for intermeddling in the conservatorship of 
 the south part of the said river, belonging to the bishop, wherein the
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 125 
 
 king's commissioners pleaded not guilty ; but, upon trial thereof, they 
 were found guilty, and condemned to imprisonment." And he adds, 
 that " the king, by his own writ of supersedeas to the bishop's 
 exigent against others of the king's commissioners that did not 
 appear, in order to outlawry, promised to reform their abuses for 
 the future." (See 2Oth August 1334.) 
 
 October 24. 
 
 The king restores the town to the burgesses, but withdraws the 
 charter of 1342 and issues a fresh one, which states that, having 
 recently, for certain contempts and transgressions committed by 
 certain men of the town, taken the town with its liberties into his 
 own hands, etc., yet willing to act generously, he now restores the 
 same with its liberties into the hands of the burgesses under the 
 former conditions [as to fee-farm, etc]. It then proceeds : And 
 whereas before this time many dissensions and discords have 
 happened at the elections of mayors, the king wills, and by his 
 council ordains, that the mayor-choosing shall take place in the 
 following manner : Each year, on the Monday after the feast of St. 
 Michael, the mayor and four bailiffs shall come into the Guildhall, and 
 shall elect seven good and discreet men, who, together with the mayor 
 and bailiffs making twelve in all shall elect four of the commonalty, 
 whether of themselves or others, and these four being duly sworn, 
 shall elect eight of the better and more discreet citizens, and these 
 twelve shall elect other twelve, and the twenty-four shall elect the 
 mayor, and the mayor and twenty-four electors shall elect the bailiffs 
 and other officers. Each of the electors shall swear upon the Holy 
 Gospels of God, that without reward or affection towards any person, 
 he will choose those who are the most fit and sufficient for the king, 
 for the government of the populace, and for the preservation of the 
 peace in the town. The previous order [of 2Oth October 1342] is 
 
 therefore revoked. 
 
 October 26. 
 
 Date of a commission from the king to John Mowbray and Peter 
 Richmond, who had been appointed his justices, to inquire into the 
 death of John Denton, lately killed at Newcastle, and as to certain 
 other things done there. The commission states that Thomas Great- 
 head had represented to the king that he lately was indicted before 
 the said justices concerning the death of the said John Denton, and 
 was in danger of outlawry in the county of Northumberland, and his 
 lands and tenements were seized, but after the hearing of the case he 
 was acquitted, and he therefore seeks the restoration of his lands, etc. 
 The king, accordingly, orders the justices to send to his chancery a 
 correct account of the said lands and tenements, etc. The justices [or
 
 126 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 judges] report to His Majesty the whole proceedings ; from which it 
 appears that they held pleas of the crown in Newcastle on Wednesday 
 in the feast of St. Bartholomew [24th August] in this year [1345], 
 when Thomas Greathead appeared before them in person, in custody of 
 the sheriff, and was indicted, for that he, with Richard Galloway, lately 
 mayor of Newcastle, Gilbert Dolphanby, "who is drawn and hung" 
 (tractat. et suspensus est\ and others, on the Thursday after the feast of 
 St. Bartholomew in the previous year, moved by hatred, and without 
 cause, took John Denton in the town of Newcastle, and imprisoned 
 him, and falsely, seditiously, and maliciously detained him till Tuesday 
 preceding the translation [4th September] of St. Cuthbert next follow- 
 ing. On which day Denton, in the presence of Galloway, Dolphanby, 
 Greathead, and others, was interrogated as to whether he received 
 from the hands of Alan Noble, a Scotch enemy of the king, a large 
 sum of money, on condition that he (Denton), with other traitors, 
 should hand over the town of Newcastle on the vigil of the king's 
 birthday in the i6th year of his reign [1342] ; whether he was to 
 have opened the West Gate for three consecutive nights, that the 
 Scots might enter therein ; whether at the time when David the 
 Bruce lay at Hedwyn-laws with his army, he supplied David and 
 other Scots with victuals through one Adam Palfreyman, his servant 
 namely, on Sunday following the feast of St. Bartholomew, in the 
 king's 1 5th year [i6th year, 1342 ?]. To which Denton made no reply, 
 but remained mute, whereupon Galloway, Dolphanby, Greathead, and 
 others, adjudged in punishment that Denton should remain in prison 
 until he died. And so Denton lay in prison and was by them feloni- 
 ously killed without warrant and without cause. Greathead pleaded 
 that he was not guilty, and placed himself upon his country. Proclam- 
 ation was thereupon made for evidence relating to the charge against 
 Greathead, and no person answered. The jury was composed of 
 twelve men of Newcastle John Frismarisco, John Woodman, Robert 
 Angerton, Nicholas Scott, William Acton, senior, John Bery, William 
 Blaklambe, John Chambers, Hugh Woodman, Elias Tyrwhit, John 
 Duxfield, and Gilbert Scott, who, having taken the oath, declared that 
 Greathead was in no way guilty of the death of Denton, nor of the 
 sedition and felony attributed to him, and he was discharged. The 
 justices further reported that Greathead had no goods or chattels, and 
 that his lands and tenements situate in Glantle [Glanton?], in 
 Northumberland, of the annual value of 643., were held in the king's 
 hand by the sheriff of Northumberland, Robert Bertram. 
 
 Brand quotes Warburton's MS. under date this year, recording a 
 pestilence which lasted two years in Newcastle.
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 127 
 
 John, son of Alan Pulhore of Newcastle, for 405. paid into the 
 exchequer, obtains license from the king to assign to a certain chaplain 
 [of St. Thomas' chantry, All Saints], loos, of rent arising from three 
 messuages, which formerly belonged to the said Alan, in Newcastle, 
 and held of the king in burgage by service of 6d. per annum. 
 
 1346. 
 
 19 and 20 EDWARD III. 
 Bishop of Durham Thomas Hatfield. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs of Newcastle till MicJiaelmas : 
 Robert Shilvington Mayor. 
 
 William Acton, John Emeldon, ) .,.. 
 
 Hugh Angerton, John Wake, J 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs elected at Michaelmas: 
 Mayor Robert Foghale or Foghill. 
 
 Bailiffs { William Acton, John Frismarisco, 
 
 ' I Hugh Carliol, Robert Penrith. 
 
 HIS year was rendered memorable by the victory of 
 Cressy, the siege of Calais, and the battle of Neville's 
 Cross. Parliament was summoned to meet at West- 
 minster on the nth September, and Newcastle was 
 represented by 
 
 William Acton and Robert Angerton. 
 
 February 17. 
 
 Robert Angerton of Newcastle and William Barlegh [of Berwick], 
 appointed to supervise the weighing and loading of all wools exported 
 from Berwick. Leave had been granted for the exportation of wools 
 growing in Scotland from the port of Berwick, but wool of English 
 growth was neither to be loaded nor sent from there. 
 
 April 19. 
 
 Probate granted to the will of Nicholas the miller of Medomsley, 
 who bequeathed, among other things, 6d. to each of the religious orders 
 in Newcastle.
 
 128 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 July 7. 
 
 Sir Robert Bertram, knight, of Bothal, grants to Waleran Lumley 
 of Newcastle, a messuage in the Close, lying between the house of 
 John Frismarisco and that of Thomas Lumley, and between the 
 king's highway of the Close and the Tyne, except two cellars and 
 warehouses in the eastern part of the messuage, upon the quay of the 
 Tyne. To have, etc., by service of a rose at the nativity of John the 
 Baptist. Witnesses Robert Shilvington, mayor ; William Acton, 
 Hugh Angerton, John Emeldon, and John Wake, bailiffs ; John 
 Frismarisco, Robert Angerton, Richard Cromcliff, and others. 
 
 September 6. 
 
 A letter of this date was sent by the king to the mayor and bailiffs 
 of Newcastle, who had furnished, on behalf of the community, 
 seventeen ships and three hundred and fourteen mariners for the 
 French war, informing them of the victory of Cressy, and that the 
 siege of Calais was begun ; ordering proclamation to be made in the 
 town for merchants and others to forward to that place immediately 
 on sale, flour, bread, corn, wine, beer, flesh, fish, bows, arrows, and 
 strings for the use of his army. In Hakluyfs English Voyages, 
 published in 1599, the list of ships engaged in this enterprise is headed, 
 "The roll of the huge fleet of Edward III. before Calice, extant in the 
 king's great wardrobe in London, whereby the wonderful strength of 
 England by sea in those days may appear." A letter, quoted by 
 Bourne, notes the fact that Newcastle was not exceeded in the 
 number of its ships by any of the thirty-three ports that contributed 
 to the fleet, except Yarmouth, " and," adds the writer, " how can it 
 possibly detract from the glory of Newcastle to be outdone by 
 Yarmouth, when that same Great Yarmouth, in Norfolk, fitted out a 
 vastly greater number, both of men and ships, than London itself, the 
 great metropolis of the kingdom? 1 ' 
 
 October 3. . 
 
 About this time David of Scotland advanced with an army through 
 Cumberland, and wasted the abbey of Lanercost. Thence, proceed- 
 ing by Naworth castle, he marched along the course of the Tyne ; 
 and at Hexham, where he abode three days, he sacked the abbey and 
 plundered the town. Moving down to Corbridge, the Scots assaulted 
 and occupied Aydon castle. At Ryton they re-crossed the river, and 
 advanced into the bishopric until they encamped before its capital. 
 
 (J.c.) 
 
 October 17. 
 Battle of Neville's Cross, fought on the Red Hills, Durham, between
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 129 
 
 the English under the chief command of Lord Ralph Neville, and the 
 Scotch under David II. King David was taken captive by John de 
 Coupland, a Northumbrian squire, resident near Wooler, on whom an 
 annuity was settled by the crown. It is commonly stated that Queen 
 Philippa and Bishop Hatfield were present an error which Mr. Robert 
 White was careful to correct when reading an account of the battle before 
 the Newcastle Society of Antiquaries, Qth July 1856, on the field where 
 it was fought. There is a local tradition, inconsistent with historical 
 narrative, that David fled the field, and was captured hiding under a 
 bridge ; but he was, doubtless, taken on the field, bravely fighting to 
 the last. In that metrical version of the history of Hector Boece, 
 known as the Buik of the Cronicles of Scotland, we are graphically 
 informed how it fared with his captor before he secured his prize. The 
 king, after a protracted contest with the sword, betook himself to his 
 natural arms : 
 
 " And with his nief syne tuke him sic ane blaw 
 Vpoun the moutht, quhill in his throt thair flaw 
 Tua fordest teith lowsit out of his heid, 
 Sensyne with thaime he eit bot litle breid." (J. C.) 
 
 This year it was granted to the men of Newcastle that they might 
 transport their merchandise to any part of the kingdom without 
 payment of subsidy. 
 
 1347- 
 
 2o and 21 EDWARD III. 
 
 Bishop of Durham Thomas Hatfield. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs of Neivcastle till MicJiaclmas : 
 
 Robert Foghale or Foghill Mayor. 
 
 William Acton, John Frismarisco, ) Ba ^ff s 
 
 Hugh Carliol, Robert Penrith, ) 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs elected at Michaelmas : 
 
 Mayor Peter Graper. 
 
 j William Acton, sen., Hugh Angerton, 
 
 5> (. John Emeldon, Hugh Carliol. 
 
 Brand, without assigning any reason, alters the name of the mayor
 
 i 3 o NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 to Draper, and Mr. Longstaffe, in the Archceologia, adopts the amend- 
 ment. But the roll of parliament for 1348 contains the name of 
 "Petrus Graper, Major Novi Castri super Tynam," as one of the 
 representatives of Newcastle in the parliament that met at West- 
 minster on the 3 ist March in that year, which proves that Bourne 
 was right and Brand wrong. 
 
 "ARLIAMENT did not meet this year, but was sum- 
 moned for the I4th January 1348. In anticipation of 
 its assembling, the mayor and commonalty of New- 
 castle prepared a petition begging to be relieved from 
 the contribution of wool ordered in 1341. They 
 stated that the commonalty were so much impoverished by taxes, 
 tallages, and preparations, by providing victuals for the sustenance of 
 men-of-war, by divers grievous ransoms taken with extortion and 
 cruelty, the drawing away of the best and most loyal men of the 
 town to Scotland, etc., that if the levy of wool was still persisted in, 
 there was danger of the desertion of the town, leading to its own 
 destruction, and the great peril of the surrounding country. 
 
 January 20. 
 
 The king by letters patent, in consideration of the laudable service 
 rendered by John Coupland in taking King David Bruce prisoner at 
 the battle of Neville's Cross, created him a knight-banneret, and 
 granted him and his heirs, for the maintenance of his state, five 
 hundred pounds per annum four hundred out of the customs of 
 London, and one hundred out of the customs of Berwick. The 
 king further granted, " as well for his good service aforesaid, as for 
 his remaining with us, with twenty men-at-arms," a hundred pounds 
 per annum out of the customs of Newcastle for life, or until land 
 or rent in some suitable place shall have been provided for him, of the 
 same annual value. 
 
 January 28. 
 
 The king writes to the sheriffs of Northumberland, York, and 
 other northern counties, respecting prisoners taken in the wars 
 against Scotland. Under writ of the great seal, he had commanded 
 that Robert Ogle, Gerrard Widdrington, and 28 other prisoners, 
 should be sent to the Tower of London by Wednesday in the 
 Epiphany. But this has not been done, and the king understands 
 that some of the prisoners are held for ransom, others freed, and 
 others retained for convenience, in contempt of him, and to the 
 damage and peril of the kingdom. Therefore, under penalty of 
 forfeiture, he commands the sheriffs to take the bodies of the said
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 13 1 
 
 Robert Ogle and others, and safely and securely keep them in the 
 prison of the castle of Newcastle until the king shall otherwise 
 ordain. 
 
 February 15. 
 
 Mandate from the king to the mayor and bailiffs of Newcastle and 
 other places, to impress ships into his service for the salvation and 
 defence of the kingdom. A previous order, dated 28th January, 
 appointed Robert Angerton and John Heyworth to take six vessels 
 from the ports of Newcastle and Hartlepool, to accompany a man- 
 of-war to Scotland with victuals for the army. And a later order 
 appoints the mayor and bailiffs, with Angerton and Heyworth, to 
 perform similar service in the water of Tyne and the coasts of 
 Northumberland. 
 
 February 22. 
 
 Warrant for the execution of the Earl of Monteith and reprieve 
 of the Earl of Fife [both captured at Neville's Cross], addressed to 
 the mayor of London and others. Monteith is to be drawn, hung, 
 beheaded, and his body quartered, his head to be placed upon 
 London Bridge, and his quarters hung in chains at York, New- 
 castle, Carlisle, and Berwick. 
 
 August 12. 
 
 The mayor and bailiffs of Newcastle and other towns, and the 
 sheriffs of counties, ordered by the keeper of England to proclaim the 
 capture of Calais, and freedom for merchants and others to settle 
 there, with their families, after the ist of September. 
 
 William Spynn, keeper of Tyne Bridge, chaplain of St. Thomas 
 the Martyr, and guardian of the alms for the support of the bridge, 
 obtaining the consent of the mayor and corporation, confirmed by 
 his own charter to Gilbert Mitford, burgess of Newcastle, the middle 
 one of three cellars or crypts under this chapel, on condition that he 
 paid annually 145. at the feast of St. Martin in the winter. The 
 grant was sealed with the common seal of the town, and witnessed 
 by Peter Graper, the mayor, and his bailiffs. Gilbert Mitford is 
 the name of the deputy comptroller of customs in Newcastle 
 appointed in 1331, and " late wool weigher" there.
 
 132 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 1348. 
 
 21 and 22 EDWARD III. 
 Bishop of Durham Thomas Hatfield. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 Peter Graper Mayor. 
 
 William Acton, sen., Hugh Angerton, | .,.. 
 
 John Emeldon, Hugh Carliol, j 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs elected at Michaelmas : 
 Mayor Peter Graper. 
 
 Ba'l'ff -f William Acton, Hugh Angerton, 
 
 1 John Emeldon, Hugh Carliol. 
 
 'WO parliaments were summoned to meet this year. 
 The first at Westminster on the 1/j.th January, when 
 
 Robert Angerton and Robert Penrith 
 were sent up by the burgesses of Newcastle. The 
 second at the same place on the 3ist March, when 
 the representatives of Newcastle are entered as 
 
 Peter Graper, mayor of Newcastle, and William Acton ; 
 but the enrolment of the writ of expenses gives 
 
 Thomas Worship and John Reynauld, or Reginald, 
 
 who received 2s. each per day, for twenty-nine days' attendance, 
 amounting to ii6s. 
 
 June 12. 
 
 By an inquisition held at Tynemouth this day, it was found that it 
 would not be prejudicial to the king or others if license were granted 
 to Richard Scott of Newcastle, to assign 66 acres of land and pasture 
 for twelve oxen in Elswick, holden of the prior by a rent of iSs. ?d. 
 
 The master and brethren of the hospital of the Virgin Mary, in 
 the Westgate, received a grant this year from Gilbert Palmer, of a 
 messuage and ten acres of land at Newbiggin-on-the-Moor. 
 
 Inquisition taken in Newcastle for proof of age of Robert, son and 
 heir of William Clavering. Witnesses testify that Robert was born 
 and baptised at Newcastle, on the morrow of the Purification 
 [3d February], twenty-one years before.
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 133 
 
 The condition of the walls and fortifications of Newcastle again 
 attracted attention, and according to Brand, quoting the patents of 
 this reign, the king ordered a custom to be levied for the purpose of 
 repairing and securing them. 
 
 William, son of William Denn, petitions the king and council, 
 stating that he held a messuage and lands in Newcastle, which were 
 John Galloway's, and from which he received io/. a-year rent ; that in 
 1344, Elizabeth, wife of John Denton, summoned the said John 
 Galloway and others to the King's Bench after the death of her 
 lord, and the proceedings continued until Galloway was outlawed, 
 by which outlawry the said tenements were seised to the use of 
 the king as tenements held of him in chief and forfeited, since which 
 seisin the petitioner has been unable to obtain his rents, etc. ; and he 
 therefore prays for a remedy. Parliament ordered the petitioner to 
 exhibit in Chancery his title, and if it proved to be sufficient, inquiry 
 was to be made by honest men, and right to be done. (See p. 126.) 
 
 1349- 
 
 22 and 23 EDWARD III. 
 Bishop of Durham Thomas Hatfield. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs According to Bourne's List, the mayor and 
 bailiffs elected in September 1347 remained in office three years. 
 Brand, however, on the authority of a deed in All Saints' vestry, dated 
 the Sunday before the feast of St. Peter advincula [ist August] 1350, 
 shows that the mayor and bailiffs elected at Michaelmas this year 
 were 
 
 Mayor Gilbert Duxfield. 
 
 J William Acton, sen., Robert Penrith, 
 
 ' ( John Wake, John Emeldon. 
 
 ARLIAMENT was to have met at Westminster on the 
 1 9th January, but it was prorogued to the 26th Apri^ 
 and then sine die, on account of the plague. No 
 account of the election for Newcastle has been found. 
 
 February 28. 
 
 On the last day of February 1348-9, the bishop of Durham 
 granted to Roger Tickhill the office of keeper of his park at Gates- 
 head, to have and to hold, etc., for life, receiving the sum of three- 
 halfpence per day for wages accustomed.
 
 i 3 4 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 March . 
 
 In the first week of Lent the bishop of Durham, by his suffragan, 
 held an ordination in St. Nicholas' Church, Newcastle, when 245 
 persons were ordained, including 23 priests and 24 deacons. 
 
 June 30. 
 
 Will of John Cragg of Newcastle, dated Tuesday next after the 
 feast [24th June] of St. John the Baptist. Directs his body to be 
 buried at All Saints', beneath the new chancel, and that 6s. be spent 
 in wax to burn round his corpse. Gives to the high altar of St. 
 Nicholas' for unpaid tithes and oblations, 6s. ; to the fabric of All 
 Saints', 2Qs. ; to the chaplains attending his funeral, 45. ; to all the 
 orders of the brethren in Newcastle, 135. 4d. by equal portions; to 
 a chaplain to celebrate mass at All Saints' for his soul, during two 
 years, ten marks ; the same at St. James' Chapel, five marks ; to the 
 parochial chaplain of All Saints', 35. 4d.; to the clerk of All Saints', is. 
 
 July 26. 
 
 Isolda, widow of Robert Fader, of Pipewellgate, Gateshead, 
 conveys to William Syre of Pipewellgate, and Eve his wife, all that 
 land with its appurtenances lying above the staiths, and between land 
 of the said William, and land formerly Nicholas Malton's, rendering 
 Robert Hedworth, and Julia his wife, and their heirs, 2s. 6d. per 
 annum. Witnesses Waleran Lumley, bailiff of Gateshead ; John 
 Scott of Pandon, bailiff of Pipewellgate ; Roger Reed, Thomas 
 Utrickson, John Haxby, and others. 
 
 December i. 
 
 Mandate from the king at Westminster, to the mayor and bailiffs 
 of Newcastle and other towns. " Whereas no small part of the people 
 of our kingdom of England have died of the pestilence, and the 
 Treasury is much exhausted, and many men of the kingdom, with 
 money, etc., transfer themselves to foreign places ; and we, fearing 
 that, if this exportation is tolerated, the kingdom will be shortly 
 impoverished both of men and treasure, so that grave peril to the 
 realm may easily happen, unless a remedy is quickly provided, etc., 
 we command and strictly enjoin, that men-of-arms, strangers, or any 
 other of our kingdom, or elsewhere, of whatsoever state or condition, 
 except merchants, notaries, or special messengers, shall not be 
 permitted to leave the kingdom, secretly or openly, without our 
 special mandate, etc." 
 
 Sometime during this year a patent appears to have been granted 
 by the king for an aqueduct to convey water into Newcastle 
 possibly from Warden's Close, near the West Walls, through the 
 monastery of the Black Friars.
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 135 
 
 1350. 
 
 23 and 24 EDWARD III. 
 
 Bishop of Durham Thomas Hatfield. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 Gilbert Duxfield Mayor. 
 
 William Acton, sen., Robert Penrith, j ..._ 
 
 John Wake, John Emeldon, J* 
 
 Mayor and Bailiff's elected at Michaelmas Uncertain. Bourne's 
 List shows a fourth election of 
 
 Mayor Peter Graper. 
 
 Bailiffs $ William Acton, Hugh Angerton, 
 
 ' I Hugh Carliol, John Emeldon. 
 
 June 23. 
 
 j|HE pestilence continuing, the king orders the mayor 
 and bailiffs of Newcastle and other towns to proclaim 
 that no earl, baron, knight, man-at-arms, foreigner, 
 etc., shall go out of the kingdom till Michaelmas, 
 without special permission, under pain of forfeiture. 
 A similar order was sent to Newcastle in October, prohibiting the 
 exportation of grain to any place but Calais. 
 
 December I. 
 
 The men of Newcastle obtained their first royal license to dig 
 and take coals and stone in certain portions of land outside the 
 walls of the town, and to make their profit therefrom, in aid of their 
 fee-farm rent. The document reads thus : " The king to his beloved 
 mayor and bailiffs, and good men of our town of Newcastle-upon- 
 Tyne, greeting. Because on your part petition has been made to us, 
 that since you hold the town aforesaid from us at fee-farm, we may be 
 willing to concede to you, that in the common ground of the town afore- 
 said, without the walls of the same town, in places called the Castle-field 
 and the Frith [Forth], you may have the power to dig and to take coals 
 and stone from thence, and to make your profit of the same in aid 
 of your farm aforesaid, as often and in such a way as may seem to you 
 to be expedient ; we, favourably acceding to your petition in this
 
 136 
 
 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 matter, have caused a license to be granted to you. And this to you 
 and others whom it may concern, we signify by these presents To 
 have, etc., during our good pleasure. Witness, etc., by the king him- 
 self and council, and for 2os. paid into the hanaper." In a paper read 
 before the Newcastle Society of Antiquaries in 1880, by Mr. R. L. 
 Galloway, it is stated that the above is the license usually said to have 
 been granted on the ist December 1238, by Henry III. The 
 exchequer roll for the 23d of Henry III. [1238-9] has been consulted, 
 and no mention of such a payment from the men of Newcastle 
 appears in it. Ralph Gardiner, who wrote his Grievance in 1655, 
 is the sole authority for the assumed grant by Henry III., and his 
 statement has been copied by Bourne, Brand, and all other historians. 
 Brand, however, states that he could not find Henry's grant, although 
 he sought for it in the Tower of London. 
 
 December 4. 
 
 Archbishop Zouche of York, as one of the conservators in 
 England of the privileges of the order of Carmelites, writes to the 
 prior of Hexham, that John Corbridge and Thomas Green, brethren 
 of the order in Newcastle, have robbed the house and fled into 
 Hexhamshire. Desires the prior to search for them, or at all events 
 to have them excommunicated. 
 
 IN GRINDING CIIAKK, NEWCASTLE: (1843).
 
 SIXTH DECADE 1351-60. 
 
 1351. 
 
 24 and 25 EDWARD III. 
 Bishop of Durham Thomas Hatfield. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs of Newcastle till Michaelmas Uncertain. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs elected at Michaelmas : 
 
 Mayor Gilbert Duxfield. 
 
 Bailiffs -f William Acton, sen., | John Emeldon, 
 ( John Chambers. 
 
 ARLIAMENT met at Westminster (after two 
 years' vacation owing to the plague) on the 9th 
 February. Newcastle was represented by 
 
 John Chambers and Nicholas Roddam, 
 
 who received //. 8s. for thirty-seven days' attend- 
 ance, at 2s. per day each. 
 
 March 7. 
 
 Inquisition after the death of Alan Gategang of Gateshead, son of 
 Gilbert Gategang (bailiff of Gateshead, and representative of the bishop 
 there), and Sibilla his wife. The jurors found that he was seised of 
 all the land of Pipewellgate which he held in barony of the bishop of 
 Durham, value 135. 4d. ; one place called Joppesriding ; one acre near 
 the water of Tame [Teams], held of the bishop by fealty ; 12 burgages
 
 i 3 8 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 in Gateshead, and land in Boldon, Whickham, etc. Heir, his son 
 John, a child. In a deed of 1 348 Alan is styled " Lord of Pipewcll- 
 gate." 
 
 March 23. 
 
 An assize by the prior of Durham, taken at Newcastle against the 
 mayor and bailiffs for the yearly rent of the house of Fame Island, 
 before Thomas Fencotes, Thomas Seton, and Roger Blakiston, 
 justices. The assizes came to consider and know if Peter Graper, 
 mayor of the town of Newcastle, John Emeldon, Hugh Angerton, 
 Hugh Carliol, and William Acton, bailiffs [1347-8], had unjustly 
 disseised John, prior of Durham, from his free tenement in Newcastle, 
 after possession, etc. And it is inquired why they disseised him from 
 13 marks and 10 shillings, the rent, with the appurtenances, etc. 
 And Peter and the others did not come. And the sheriff declared 
 that the foresaid Hugh Angerton and Hugh Carliol are dead, and the 
 foresaid Peter is attached by Henry Glassen Wright and Thomas 
 Newbigging, and the foresaid John Emeldon by Thomas Newbigging 
 and Thomas Steele, and the foresaid William by Thomas Newbigging 
 and Henry Glassen Wright. Therefore they are in mercy, and let the 
 aforesaid assize be taken against them by default, etc. And upon this 
 the aforesaid prior by his attorney says : That our lord the king now 
 reigning, by his charter, because he heard from the testimony of those 
 whom he credits : that our lord Edward, lately king of England, his 
 father, had in his life, by word of mouth, granted to the monks 
 dwelling in the island of Farneland, near Bamburgh, which island is a 
 cell of the priory of Durham, 10 quarters of corn, and 2 tuns of wine, 
 to be received every year by the hands of the mayor and bailiffs of 
 Newcastle, as an alms of his said father for ever. And that this grant 
 was not duly put in execution in the lifetime of his said father, nor 
 confirmed by any of his letters. Our present lord the king, for the 
 health of the soul of his father, being willing to fulfil and continue his 
 will in this part, hath granted to the aforesaid monks as a compensa- 
 tion of the aforesaid corn and wine, 13 marks and 10 shillings, to be 
 received every year at the feast of St. Michael, by the hands of the 
 mayor and bailiffs, from the fee of the said town namely, 5 marks for 
 every tun of wine and 5 shillings for every quarter of corn, to be paid 
 to the said monks and their successors dwelling in the foresaid island, 
 as his alms for ever. And he produces in court the foresaid charter of 
 our present lord the king, which testifies this, etc. And he prays 
 assize. Let assize therefore be taken, etc. By a recognition of the 
 aforesaid assize they say upon their oath that the aforesaid prior was 
 seised of the foresaid rent, with the appurtenances, till the foresaid
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. i 39 
 
 Peter and others disseised him, to the loss of the said prior, 4i/. 135. 4d. 
 It follows, therefore, that the aforesaid prior may recover his seisine 
 against them by a right of the recognition of assize aforesaid, and his 
 damages aforesaid, and the said Peter and others are in the wrong. 
 
 April 12. 
 
 Date of a charter of inspeximus, by which the king confirmed to 
 the prior and brethren of the hospital of the Virgin Mary, in the 
 Westgate, Newcastle, a charter granted them by Henry II. 
 
 June 12. 
 
 Sir Alexander Hilton of Hilton, and Matilda his wife, as patrons 
 of the free chapel of Gesmonde [Jesmond], presented to it as chaplain, 
 "Sir" William Heighington, who on this date was inducted by the 
 bishop of Durham at Auckland. July 27. The chaplain resigned the 
 living. 
 
 June 28. 
 
 Proclamation ordered for free passage of four Scottish bishops 
 coming to Newcastle to meet the bishop of Durham and others, on 
 business relating to peace between the two nations. David Bruce, 
 having given hostages to the king, had been allowed to go to Scotland 
 to concert terms of ransom ; but the Scots would not allow him to do 
 homage to Edward, which was one of the conditions of redemption, 
 and they were too poor to provide a large sum of money, which was 
 another condition. He was, therefore, obliged to return and give 
 himself up as a prisoner again. September 5. Safe-conduct granted 
 to the hostages proceeding to Newcastle or Berwick, and the bishop 
 of Durham and others appointed to take an oath of King David on 
 his progress in Scotland, and return to England as agreed by the 
 commissioners that met at Newcastle. November 3. Mandate from 
 the king to John Coupland, sheriff of Northumberland, stating that 
 Henry Percy and Ralph Neville had been assigned to liberate Bruce, 
 at Berwick, upon certain conditions, and ordering him, in case the 
 conditions were not fulfilled, to keep Bruce safely and securely at 
 Newcastle until further orders. Similar order to the sheriff of York 
 and the keeper of Nottingham Castle, for the custody of the hostages. 
 
 July 6. 
 
 Mandate from the king to the mayor and bailiffs of Newcastle and 
 other places, to proclaim a prohibition against any earl, baron, knight, 
 esquire, religious, archer, artisan, workman, or other, leaving the 
 kingdom without special license, under pain of being arrested, with 
 his goods and chattels.
 
 1 40 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 July 10. 
 
 For good services in taking William Douglas at the battle of 
 Neville's Cross, Sir Robert Bertram of Bothal had an annuity from 
 the king of 100 marks out of the customs of Newcastle, and 100 marks 
 from the customs of Hull, until the king should provide for him land 
 or rent of the same annual value. 
 
 December 27. 
 
 William Watford appointed by the king to the office of keeper of 
 the gate of the castle of Newcastle ; salary to remain the same as 
 that of his predecessor, Nicholas Ufton, deceased. 
 
 Prices of provisions, labour, etc., during the latter half of the I4th 
 century : 
 
 1351 Wheat, 6s. 8d. a-quarter. 
 
 1359 Wheat (a time of dearth), 26s. Sd. a-quarter. 
 
 1361 Wheat (plentiful), 2s. a-quarter. 
 
 1363 Wheat, 153. a-quarter; four hens, 4d. ; a hog, is. 6d. 
 
 1379 Wheat, 45. a-quarter; white wine, 6d., and red wine, 4d. a 
 gallon. 
 
 1387 Wheat, 2s. ; barley, is. and 2s. ; peas, is. a-quarter. 
 
 1390 Wheat, i6s. 8d. to 133. 4d. a-quarter ; wool, 33. a-stone. 
 
 1351 Workmen were to take their wages in wheat at 6s. 8d. 
 a-quarter; weeders and haymakers, id. a-day ; mowing meadows, 
 5d. the acre, or 5d. a-day ; reapers of corn, ist week in August, 2d., 
 afterwards 3d. a-day, without meat, drink, or other courtesy demanded. 
 A master-carpenter, mason, or tiler, 3d., and others, 2d. a-day. 
 Plasterers, workers of mud walls, and their knaves or servants, at the 
 same rate, without meat or drink included. 
 
 1360 Master carpenters, 4d. ; other carpenters, 3d. a-day. 
 
 1389 Bailiff for husbandry, with one suit of clothing and diet, 
 133. 4d. per annum. 
 
 Master hind, carter, shepherd, and swineherd, with one suit of 
 clothing and diet, IDS. per annum. 
 
 Plough driver, with one suit of clothing and diet, 73. per annum. 
 
 Oxherd and cowherd, the same, 6s. 8d. per annum. 
 
 Dairy-woman or woman labourer, the same, 6s. per annum.
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 141 
 
 1352. 
 
 25 and 26 EDWARD III. 
 Bishop of Durham Thomas Hatfield. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 
 Gilbert Duxfield Mayor. 
 William Acton, sen., John Emeldon, 
 
 John Chambers, 
 Mayor and Bailiffs elected at Michaelmas : 
 Mayor William Strother. 
 
 | Bailiffs. 
 
 Bailiffs I R' c k arc * Scott, John Emeldon, 
 
 ' 1 John Chambers, William Acton, jun. 
 
 WO parliaments met this year, but nothing is known 
 of the representation of Newcastle. 
 
 February i. 
 
 The bishop of Durham, Lord Henry Percy, and 
 Lord Ralph Neville appointed to confer with the 
 prelates and men of Scotland respecting the libera- 
 tion of David Bruce and a final peace. The same day a safe-conduct 
 was granted to Edward Baliol, " king of Scotland," to come to the 
 king in England. March 18. Safe-conduct granted to commissioners 
 from Scotland, to come to Benvick about Bruce's deliverance, etc. 
 March 28. Mandate to John Coupland, sheriff of Northumberland, to 
 receive David Bruce coming from Scotland to re-enter his prison. 
 Secret instructions were given to the English commissioners that in 
 case the treaty should fall through, and they should be of opinion that 
 the return of Bruce to the south would hinder the business [of his 
 ransom], they might ordain that Bruce should dAvell at Newcastle 
 or Berwick ; or, on the other hand, if they thought the business would 
 be more profitably arranged by allowing Bruce to be at large, and 
 sufficient surety was forthcoming, they might agree to his being at 
 liberty till a certain day between that date and next Whitsuntide, or 
 longer, so that it might be seen in the meantime what he was likely to 
 accomplish. 
 
 March 7. 
 
 On complaint against the mayor and burgesses of Newcastle for 
 molesting the tenants of the prior of Durham at South Shields, in 
 seizing their boats with fish, and carrying them up to Newcastle before
 
 142 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 the church of Jarrow had got its tithes, etc., and causing the owners to 
 swear that in future they would sell their fish at Newcastle market 
 only, the mayor and burgesses engaged not to molest them for the 
 time to come. [Quoted by Brand from Grey's MS. But query if 
 the date be not 7th March 1352-3 ?] 
 
 July 1 6. 
 
 The king, dating from Henley, grants to the Westmorland family 
 [the Nevilles] an annuity for ever out of the fee-farm of Newcastle. 
 The amount of it in 1420 was go/. i6s. 8d. 
 
 October 10. 
 
 Jocelyn Surtees conveys to William Syre of Pipewellgate, Gates- 
 head, two acres and a-half of pasture, called Thomasland, in the field 
 of Swalwell, between the pasture called Briggemeadow on the west 
 and the pasture called Milne meadow on the east. Dated at Swalwell, 
 and witnessed by Waleran Lumley, William Freeman of Whickham, 
 Gilbert Marley, Robert Lambton, and others. 
 
 William Acton, jun., kinsman and heir of William Thorald, in 
 consideration of loos, paid into the exchequer, receives license from 
 the king to give to the master and brethren of the Virgin Mary 
 Hospital, Westgate, Newcastle, six marks of rent arising out of 
 property in the town. 
 
 1353- 
 
 26 and 27 EDWARD III. 
 Bishop of Durham Thomas Hatfield. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs of Newcastle till MicJiaelmas : 
 William Strother Mayor. 
 
 Richard Scott, John Chambers, ) .,. 
 
 John Emeldon, William Acton, jun., ) 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs elected at Michaelmas : 
 Mayor Peter Graper. 
 
 ...~ J John Emeldon, John Chambers, 
 
 ' I William Strother, William Acton, jun.
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 
 
 \RLIAMENT met in September. The names of the 
 members for Newcastle have not been found. This 
 parliament removed the staple of wool, wool-fells, 
 leather, and lead from Calais to Newcastle and 
 other towns in England, Wales, and Ireland. The 
 act occupies seven pages of the rolls of parliament, 
 and sets out by declaring that, whereas the staple of 
 wools of England, which is the sovereign merchandise and jewel of the 
 realm, has been held outside the kingdom, whereby foreigners are 
 enriched, and the profit which ought to come hither is diverted, to the 
 great damage and impoverishment of the commonalty of the realm; 
 the king and parliament, in honour of God, and for the welfare of the 
 kingdom, ordain that the staple shall be held perpetually at certain 
 places [Newcastle being the first named], and nowhere else. 
 
 July 13. 
 
 David II. of Scotland came by leave of the king to Newcastle, 
 where commissioners from both kingdoms met to discuss the terms of 
 his release from imprisonment, and the conclusion of a peace. The 
 bishop of Durham and Lord Henry Percy were among the English 
 commissioners. Peter Nuttle was appointed to convey the Scottish 
 king from the Tower of London to Newcastle, and deliver him up to 
 John Coupland, his original custodian, and a safe-conduct was given 
 to Bruce's wife, "our dearest sister," to travel from Scotland into 
 England, presumably to meet him. 
 
 August 20. 
 
 John Apilby, a lawyer, appointed by the bishop of Durham to be 
 master, rector, and keeper of St. Edmund's Hospital, Gateshead. 
 
 1354- 
 
 27 and 28 EDWARD III. 
 Bishop of Durham Thomas Hatfield. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs of Neiv castle till Micliaelinas :- 
 Peter Graper Mayor. 
 
 William Strother, \ BailiffSt 
 William Acton, jun., ) 
 
 John Emeldon, 
 John Chambers, 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs elected at Michaelmas "The same," according 
 to Bourne's List ; but there is evidence in a deed quoted under the
 
 144 
 
 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 liiimj ARLI AM ENT 
 
 following year [Castle to Strother], that in January 1354-5, the 
 bailiffs were Richard Scott, John Emeldon, William Acton, and John 
 Chambers. 
 
 met in April. Members for Newcastle 
 unknown. For the conveyance of the bishop of 
 Durham to parliament, the king sent his mandate to 
 his admiral in the North Seas, ordering him to 
 provide three ships from the ports of Tyne or 
 Hartlepool, properly equipped and manned. 
 
 June 1 8. 
 
 Safe-conduct granted to six Scottish commissioners to meet nine 
 English, headed by the bishops of Durham and Carlisle, at Newcastle, 
 for the liberation of David Bruce, and arranging a final peace and 
 concord, or truce, between the two kingdoms. On the I3th July a 
 treaty was signed in Newcastle, containing the following among other 
 clauses : Bruce to be ransomed by payment of 90,000 marks in nine 
 years, in equal portions per year, at Berwick or Norham; three 
 Scottish prisoners, Walter Haliburton, David Donand, and Andrew 
 Campbell, to be included in the ransom ; truce to be kept till payment 
 is completed ; twenty hostages, sons and heirs of leading Scotsmen, 
 to be given for faithful payment ; and to be released singly, upon 
 payment of certain instalments of the ransom ; in default of paying 
 any instalment, Bruce to be delivered up as a prisoner within three 
 weeks of making such default. For some reason or other the Scots 
 refused to pay the ransom, and Bruce remained a prisoner. On the 
 5th October the king ratified another treaty of the same tenor, 
 concluded between commissioners of both kingdoms at Newcastle, 
 and sent authority to John Coupland, Bruce's custodian, to deliver 
 him up to the bishops of Durham and Carlisle, and the other English 
 commissioners, with a view to his release from his prison in the castle 
 of Newcastle, under the treaty. The proceedings dragged on till the 
 end of the year. 
 
 December 4. 
 
 Orders issued by the king to the mayor and bailiffs of Newcastle 
 and other towns, and the sheriffs of counties, fixing the price of wine 
 within their jurisdiction. In Newcastle the price to be paid for each 
 lagena [flagon or gallon] was not to exceed sixpence.
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 145 
 
 I355- 
 
 28 and 29 EDWARD III. 
 Bishop of Durham Thomas Hatfield. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 Peter Graper Mayor. 
 
 John Emeldon, William Strother, ) .,. 
 
 John Chambers, William Acton, jun., f 
 
 Bourne's List. But see 7th January, below, as to bailiffs. 
 Mayor and Bailiffs elected at MicJiaelmas : 
 Mayor William Strother. 
 
 ..._ ( William Acton, Richard Scott, 
 
 ' ( John Emeldon, John Chambers. 
 
 ARLIAMENT met in November. The returns to the 
 writs do not mention Newcastle. 
 
 While the king and his eldest son, the Black 
 Prince, were engaged in quelling hostilities in 
 France, the king of France sent men and money to 
 Scotland to create a diversion in that direction. 
 The Scots and their auxiliaries burnt Norham and 
 captured Berwick. King Edward heard of their proceedings, and 
 hurried home. He spent but three days in his capital, although 
 parliament was sitting, and then set out for the north. Reaching 
 Durham on the 23d December, he issued summonses to all the 
 fighting men of the realm to assemble at Newcastle on the 1st of 
 January. His Majesty kept his Christmas here, but local history is 
 silent respecting it. 
 
 January 7. 
 
 Date of a deed by which John, son of Robert Castle and Matilda 
 his wife, release and quit claim to William Strother [several times 
 mayor], all their right in a piece of land in Newcastle which Peter 
 Ogle holds ; and in the messuage of Richard Werdall, situate in the 
 market place opposite the Coksour [Cockstole] Booths ; and in the 
 booth which Robert Wellis holds in the Skinner's Street. Witnesses 
 Richard Scott, John Emeldon, William Acton, and John Chambers, 
 bailiffs of Newcastle ; Robert Angerton, Gilbert Duxfield, John 
 Stanhope, and others. 
 
 February 6. 
 
 Mandate from the king to the mayor and bailiffs of Newcastle 
 and other places, ordering proclamation to be made that no foreigner
 
 146 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 may leave the kingdom, and no master or mariner may transport any 
 such person without special license. 
 
 April 14. 
 
 The king commands the mayor and bailiffs of Newcastle, and 
 other places, to proclaim a prohibition against exporting corn out of 
 England, except to the town of Calais, without his special license, 
 under pain of forfeiting the corn so exported. 
 
 May 9. 
 
 By a deed of this date the bishop of Durham confirmed the 
 election of Alice Davill as abbess of the nuns of St. Bartholomew, 
 in Newcastle. Nun's Gate and Nun Street commemorate the site of 
 this foundation. The Nun's Moor was their property, and, says 
 Bourne, " there were wastes and houses in the Side, in Pilgrim Street, 
 Flesh Market, Oat Market, Darn Crook, and almost all the town 
 over" belonging to them. And yet in 1366 we shall find them 
 in a state of poverty and distress; receiving commiseration and advice 
 from the bishop of Durham. 
 
 October 26. 
 
 Writ from the king to the sheriff of Northumberland, reciting that 
 at an inquisition held in Newcastle on Wednesday, in the vigil of SS. 
 Peter and Paul, before Thomas Seton, one of the king's justices, 
 respecting claims to certain messuages and land made by the abbot of 
 St. Albans, as rector of the church of Ellingham, against the vicar of 
 that church, it was found that the abbot was entitled to recover, and 
 the sheriff is to give him possession accordingly. 
 
 Hodgson places in this year the death of Hugh Hecham, holding 
 in capite of the bishop of Durham the manor of Choppington, land in 
 Netherton, etc. He was mayor in 1335 and 1338, and M.P. in 1334. 
 (See also p. 72.) 
 
 1356. 
 
 29 and 30 EDWARD III. 
 
 Bishop of Durham Thomas Hatfield. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 
 William Strother Mayor. 
 
 William Acton, John Emeldon, ) 
 
 Richard Scott, John Chambers, j
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 147 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs elected at Michaelmas : 
 
 Mayor William Strother. 
 Bailiffs Nicholas Barrot, or Bagot, and William Acton. 
 
 Bourne's List contains only the name of Barrot, or Bagot, as 
 baii iff. Brand adds Acton. 
 
 HE king left Newcastle with his army about the I3th 
 of January, and crossing the Border reduced the 
 Scots to submission. On the 2Oth January, at Rox- 
 burgh Castle, Baliol surrendered the crown of 
 Scotland and all his family estate. His Majesty 
 dates from Newcastle on the 23d and 28th January, 
 and /th February. Later on he went to France, and at the battle of 
 Poictiers on the ipth September, took John, king of France, and 
 Philip, his fourth son, prisoners ; bringing them over to England, where 
 Bruce still remained a captive. "After this taking of king John of 
 France," writes Stow, " Englishmen (which before were bearded, and 
 the hair of their heads short rounded) then used long hair on their 
 heads, and their beards to be shaven." 
 
 May 9. 
 
 Inquisition after the death of Sybil Gategang, widow of Gilbert 
 Gategang, held this day, when the jurors found that she died seised of 
 a capital messuage and seven acres in Kablyncroft, within the town of 
 Gateshead ; three acres in St. Helen's-Well Croft, within the said town, 
 a meadow called the Marshal Meadow, and the Fletes and Strother 
 Meadow, and eighty acres of newly granted waste in the fields of 
 Gateshead, held by an exchequer rent of 4/. 2s. 2d., and other property. 
 And that the heir was John, son of Alan Gategang, aged 14. Sybil's 
 husband Gilbert, son of Gilbert Gategang was bailiff of Gateshead 
 several times, and a person of importance. Her son Alan, " Lord of 
 Pipewellgate," died in 1351. Alan's son John was heir of both his 
 father and grandmother. 
 
 November 25. 
 
 Date of a royal license to Thomas Gray, a prisoner in Scotland, to 
 ship a hundred sacks of his wool at Berwick for Flanders, without 
 bringing them to Newcastle, where of right they ought to have been 
 shipped. The wool is to be weighed by the official weigher from 
 Newcastle, in presence of the collector of customs at that town, and 
 Gray is to pay as custom and subsidy 505. per sack. Gray, in his 
 petition to the king, states that he cannot pay his ransom unless the
 
 148 
 
 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 above license be given him, and the king for this reason, and for good 
 services which Gray has many times rendered him, accedes to his 
 request. 
 
 Thomas Rokeby, keeper of the castles of Stirling and Edinburgh, 
 acknowledges by deed of uncertain date this year, that he has received 
 from the mayor and bailiffs of Newcastle 100 marks of silver, as per 
 assignment made by the treasurer of England. 
 
 About this time, writes Brand, John Pulhore, clerk, who had been 
 rector of Whickham and Whitburn, constable of Durham Castle, 
 and receiver-general to Bishop Hatfield, founded the chantry of St 
 Thomas in the church of All Saints', Newcastle. (See p. 127.) 
 
 1357- 
 
 30 and 31 EDWARD III. 
 Bishop of Durham Thomas Hatfield. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 William Strother Mayor. 
 
 1 Bailiffs. 
 
 Nicholas Bagot, 
 William Acton, 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs elected at Michaelmas : 
 Mayor William Strother. 
 
 . f John Emeldon, 
 Ba *ff s *\ John Chambers, 
 
 Nicholas Bagot, 
 Nicholas Acton. 
 
 ARLIAMENT assembled in April, but nothing 
 appears in the published rolls respecting the re- 
 presentation of Newcastle. 
 
 John, king of France, Philip his son, and 
 David Bruce, king of Scotland, being prisoners in 
 England, the pope sent two legates to assist in 
 negotiating truces between the three countries, and 
 the ransom of the two captive kings. The expense of the mission 
 fell heavily, as usual, upon the clergy, who in the summer of this year
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 149 
 
 were called upon to contribute at the rate of 4<d. per mark on the 
 value of their benefices. Local payments were as follows : 
 
 Patronage of St. Nicholas', Newcastle, value not exceed- 
 ing i//. os. 4d, pays . . . . .8s. 6d. 
 
 Portion of the prior of Carlisle in the same, value not 
 
 exceeding i//. os. 4d., pays . . . .8s. 6d. 
 
 Portion of the prior of Tynemouth in the church of New- 
 castle, value not exceeding 8/., pays . . .43. od. 
 
 Vicar of Newcastle, value not exceeding 2O/. 55., pays . IDS. id. 
 
 January 12. 
 
 An inquisition held at Newcastle, before William Hedwin, coroner 
 of Tynedale ward, by William Swinburne and eleven other jurors, 
 respecting felonies committed during the preceding nine years in his 
 district. The only case belonging to the neighbourhood of Newcastle 
 is that of John Nixon, charged with stealing, on 26th October 1354, 
 sixteen cattle of the goods of Richard Scott, at Benwell. It would 
 seem from this record that the coroner and his twelve men performed 
 duties analogous to those of the Grand Jury. 
 
 January 26. 
 
 The prior of Tynemouth complained to the king that the men of 
 Newcastle had been digging for coals in his manor of Elswick, outside 
 their boundary, and in contravention of their license to work that 
 mineral in the Castle Fields and the Forth. A commission of inquiry- 
 was issued on this date, as follows : " The king to his faithful 
 Henry Percy, Thomas Seaton, Richard Tempest, John Heron, John 
 Mowbray, and Roger Blakiston, greeting. Know ye, that whereas, 
 lately, on the part of the mayor and bailiffs and good men of our 
 town of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, petition was made to us that whereas 
 they hold the town aforesaid of us at fee-farm, we might be willing to 
 concede to them that, in the common ground of the town aforesaid, 
 outside the walls of the same town, in places called the Castle Field 
 and the Forth, they might have power to dig, and coals and stone 
 therefrom to extract, for their profit, in aid of their farm above- 
 mentioned, as often and in such manner as to them it may appear 
 expedient ; and we to their petition in this matter agreeing, con- 
 ceded to them, by our letters patent during our good pleasure, 
 license accordingly. And now, on the part of our beloved in Christ, 
 the prior of Tynemouth, we have learnt that the aforesaid mayor and 
 bailiffs, and other men of the town aforesaid, exceeding the said our 
 license to them so conceded, under colour of the same license have 
 dug in the moor of the prior himself, contiguous to the said places 
 
 ii
 
 1 50 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 called Castle Field and the Forth, beyond the ground of the said 
 town, as by the metes and bounds of the same, anciently placed, 
 evidently appear ; and are labouring to destroy a certain sewer 
 [water course] there to a coal mine of the said prior in his moor 
 aforesaid, which is the greater part of the sustentation of the prior 
 himself and his priory aforesaid, to the serious damage and manifest 
 destruction of the prior himself and his priory aforesaid, and against 
 the form of our license above mentioned ; upon which he hath petitioned 
 us to provide a remedy. And because our intention, at the time of 
 the concession of the license aforesaid, was not, and is not now, for 
 any one to be prejudiced in his right under pretext of the same 
 license, [and] wishing to be assured as to the foregoing [complaint], we 
 have assigned you five, four, three, and two of you to survey the said 
 places called the Castle Field and the Forth, and the moor and mine of 
 the aforesaid prior there, and to inform yourselves by inquisition, in 
 presence of the mayor and bailiffs of the town aforesaid, if they desire 
 to take part, and in other ways and modes as to you shall seem more 
 expedient, concerning the ancient metes and bounds, between the 
 ground of the prior himself and the ground of the town aforesaid 
 there made, and if it shall be necessary to cause them to be repaired 
 and amended ; and in case where metes and bounds have not been, 
 to ordain and place anew sure and evident metes and bounds for 
 ever to endure ; and to certify to us, distinctly and openly, in our 
 chancery, concerning the metes and bounds aforesaid, and concerning 
 all your doings in this matter, under your seals five, four, three, or 
 two." The rest of the document relates to the arrangements to be 
 made for meeting, obtaining evidence, attendance of coroners, etc. 
 
 May 10. 
 
 By this time the commission appointed to investigate the trespass 
 complained of by the prior of Tynemouth may have reported, in 
 accordance with their instructions ; for the king issues, on the loth 
 of May, on payment of 405. into the hanaper, another charter to 
 the burgesses of Newcastle, in which he gives them the royalty 
 of the whole of the Castle Field and Castle Moor, with defined metes 
 and bounds namely, from a place called Ingler-dyke to the Thornbush 
 near the Cross ; thence to the gallows (one of which stood on the 
 march between the land of the prior of Tynemouth and the land 
 of the town of Newcastle) to the Quarel-dyke, and thence by the 
 king's highway to the town. The burgesses had petitioned the king 
 for this grant, stating that although they had held this property 
 from time immemorial as parcel of the town, yet, as no express 
 mention was made of it in any charter, their right might be called in
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 151 
 
 question, and pleading that by pestilence, wars, and other adversities, 
 they were so impoverished that the profits of the town were insufficient 
 to pay their fee-farm rent. The king, in complying with their request, 
 acknowledges their loyalty to him and his predecessors, and recognises 
 the heavy labour and expense which for a long time they had 
 sustained in the salvation and defence of the town. The charter 
 confers upon them the right, for themselves and their heirs, to dig 
 for coals, etc., "within the limits and divisions aforesaid, to have 
 mines of coals and of stones there, to extract coals and stones 
 from thence, and to make their profit from the said coals and stones 
 and other produce of the said moor and land, in aid of the payment 
 of their farm aforesaid, in such manner as to them may appear most 
 useful and expedient, without impediment from us, our heirs, justices, 
 escheators, sheriffs, or other our bailiffs and ministers." In the 
 exchequer rolls of this year is an acknowledgment of the 403. paid by 
 the burgesses as a fine for this renewed and extended charter. 
 
 November 4. 
 
 The castle was again in the hands of the masons. The sheriffs 
 account for this year opens with " reparation of a certain prison called 
 the great pit in a certain tower near the second gate, of [which] the 
 loft-flore suddenly fell by rotting of the joists, and almost killed those 
 incarcerated within viz., on the 4th November in the 3ist year of the 
 king that now is." The. loft-floor was repaired with five joists at 
 i8d. 73. 6d ; carriage of the same from the Gaolegrip [Javel Group] 
 to the castle, rod. ; twelve planks at 6d. 6s. ; two hundred spike 
 nails at icd. the hundred 2od. ; crooks and bands for the trap-door, 
 i8d. ; two great staples, and one bar of iron which went across the 
 trap-door, is. 6d. ; William and Gilbert Pratyman, carpenters, a week's 
 work at 2s. 6d. each 53. Total 243. In the same month of 
 November some of the prisoners escaped during the night by way 
 of the privy ; and on the 4th December John Letwell and William of 
 the Castle, masons, commenced to open out the prison and its privy, 
 and with assistance put the place in good order and security, occupy- 
 ing three weeks over the work, which cost altogether 2/. is. nd. 
 They used two pounds of candles per week, at 3d. a-pound, " by reason 
 of the obscurity in the prison ; " three chaldrons of lime from the 
 limekilns of Robert Cook, which were a mile distant ; and thirty-two 
 loads of sand from Sandgate, which also is stated to be a mile 
 off. Altogether, therefore, the repair of the prison and loft-floor 
 cost 3/. 53. i id. 
 
 John Coupland acquires from John of Byker, paying a fine of 
 five marks to the exchequer, one half of the manor of Byker.
 
 152 
 
 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 1358. 
 
 31 and 32 EDWARD III. 
 Bishop of Durham Thomas Hatfield. 
 Mayor and Bailiffs of Newcastle till Michaelmas :- 
 William Strother Mayor. 
 
 John Emeldon, 
 
 Nicholas Barrot, or Bagot, 
 
 John Chambers, 
 Nicholas Acton 
 
 ' 1 Bailiffs. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs elected at Michaelmas : 
 Mayor William Strother. 
 
 E> -/vr ( John Emeldon. 
 Bailiffs, \\ 
 
 ( John Chambers, 
 
 Nicholas Barrot, 
 William Acton. 
 
 ARLIAMENT was convened to meet at Westminster 
 on the 5th February, and Newcastle was represented 
 by 
 
 William Strother and Nicholas Roddam, 
 
 who were paid //. I2s. for thirty-eight days' attend- 
 ance, at 2s. each per day. 
 
 January 4. 
 
 The repairs of the castle were continued,. and on this date payment 
 was made for the first four days' work of the new year. The scene of 
 operations was the second prison, or Heron pit, and a house above it ; 
 and the sheriff's accounts extend over eight weeks afterwards, detailing 
 the various operations, materials used, persons employed, and prices 
 and wages paid. Mr. Longstaffe, in a long and exhaustive paper 
 printed in the Arch&ologia ^Eliana, vol. iv., summarises these accounts 
 as follows : " In the first week, or rather part of a week, four days are 
 employed by labourers in working at, digging, and cleansing the 
 prison. In the second, masons, carpenters, and the labourers are em- 
 ployed. The prison is covered in. Four great trees are brought from 
 the Gaolegrip [Javel Group], and made into four joists. Thirty-four 
 pieces of estlandbord [Norway timber] are nailed to these with spiking. 
 The trap-door of this floor requires double spiking nails, of double the 
 price of the spiking ones. The trap-door has a staple in the centre,
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 153 
 
 and a great bar across it, which falls into and is fastened by a lock. 
 These articles and two other great staples, two great crooks, and two 
 double bands, used for other purposes in the prison, were made by 
 William de Whitbern, of Spanish iron, and he was paid so much per 
 stone for making it into small articles. In the third week, operations 
 above ground begin. The labourers quarry stone. The masons dress it, 
 and build a low wall, described as a wall of the foundation of the said 
 prison, 44 feet long and 2 high, built about the prison under the timber 
 of the said house. Only one longitudinal wall is mentioned, the other 
 side of the house being formed by the castle wall. Meanwhile, the 
 sawyers and carpenters busy themselves in preparing the timber of the 
 intended superstructure. Out of two great trees they make sills of the 
 whole length of the building 44 feet. Out of three other trees they 
 make pantrees 46 feet in length. Eight great posts, six lesser posts, and 
 four main beams of 10 feet, are also manufactured. Besides all these, 
 four pieces of timber are made up into the sills and lintels of three 
 doors and five windows in the house. ... In the seventh week 600 
 ' latthes ' were provided for the roof, and 200 ' thak nayl.' 100 double 
 thak nayl and 1600 'stanbred' were also purchased. The old word 
 thack is applied to roofing of whatever material. The fittings up of 
 the house are next heard of. Forty estlandbord were bought to make 
 four doors, five fenestrals, and ' evesyngbord.' The windows were in 
 all probability lacking in glass, and furnished with shutters only, and 
 the evesyngbord would seem to have been the wooden gables intended 
 to throw the wet over windows. 300 ' shot nail ' were used for these 
 doors and fenestrals. The smith is now called into action. By him 
 four stones of iron are transformed into crooks, bands, and other 
 necessaries for the house. Each of the four doors and five fenestrals 
 before mentioned took a pair of bands and crooks. There were also 
 four great crooks for the bailees, fastened with lead in the wall. These 
 were probably connected with the fire-place. Timber, spars, thak 
 nayl, and stralatthes were bought for the chimney within the kitchen 
 in the house, for the mauntelet, etc. ... In the eighth week the 
 carpenters are at work on the chimney, which seems to have been 
 made of nothing but wood and plaster, and the labourers daub it at a 
 price fixed by agreement. The four doors and five windows, or 
 window-shutters, are made. The slater covers the house in, and 
 provides stone for his work, and charges a lump sum per rood for 2^ 
 roods. Lime and sand are provided for him. . . . The remuneration 
 of the workmen was less in March than it was in November. The 5d. 
 a-day, or 2s. 6d. a-week, paid to carpenters, falls to 4d. a-day, or 2s. id. 
 per week; and the 3^>d. a-day, or is. pd. a-week, paid to labourers, 
 falls to 3d. a-day, or is. 6d. a-week. The slater who roofed the
 
 154 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 building received i8s. per rood of work, the house containing 2^ 
 roods. The blacksmith was paid by the stone for making up Spanish 
 iron into bands, crooks, staples, bars, and such matters, and the 
 rate per stone was sixpence." A paragraph struck out, as not legiti- 
 mately belonging to the account, contains an item of three trees to 
 make gallows, and another of twelve stones of iron, which are formed 
 into three pair of manacles, three great bolts for the stocks, etc. 
 
 May 14. 
 
 Mandate from the king to the collectors of customs in Newcastle 
 and the northern ports, stating that on the petition of his sister, 
 the queen of Scotland, he permits ships loaded with goods from 
 Scotland to parts beyond sea, or coming to Scotland from such 
 parts, and taking refuge in English ports during the truce, to be 
 free from the custom of 3d. in the upon such goods, provided the 
 goods are not exposed for sale or landed. The same day, in com- 
 pliance with his sister's desire, the king gives a license to Nicholas 
 Bonill of Scotland, her merchant, and Nicholas Cook of Newcastle, 
 empowering the former and his servants to buy 400 quarters of 
 corn, and 400 quarters of barley, and 200 quarters of beans and peas, 
 in England, castles and fortresses excepted, and ship them to Scot- 
 land for the sustentation of the queen's house ; and authorising Cook 
 and his servants to buy goods, etc., in Scotland, and bring them to 
 England by land or sea for sale, paying the usual customs and 
 subsidies. 
 
 1359- 
 
 32 and 33 EDWARD III. 
 Bishop of Durham Thomas Hatfield. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 
 William Strother Mayor. 
 
 John Emeldon, John Chambers, ) .,.- 
 
 Nicholas Barrot, or Bagot, William Acton, ) 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs elected at Michaelmas : 
 Mayor William Strother. 
 
 /? Tff f J onn Chambers, William Acton, 
 
 ' I John Emeldon, Nicholas Bagot.
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 155 
 
 July 10. 
 
 I ED at the early age of thirty-seven, William, Lord 
 Greystock, son of Sir Ralph Fitz-Robert, who 
 assumed the surname of Greystock, and who, under 
 date the 3d July 1323, is reported to have been 
 poisoned at Gateshead. Lord Greystock was fre- 
 quently engaged in the wars in France and Gas- 
 cony, and in 1346 was at a conference in Newcastle 
 about liberating David Bruce. He built the castles of Greystock 
 and Morpeth, and died at Brancepeth Castle, the seat of his 
 stepfather, Ralph, Lord Neville. Near his burial place in the 
 chancel of Greystock church is a monument bearing an inscription in 
 French to this effect : " Here lies William, the good baron of 
 Greystock, the most valiant, noble, and courteous knight of his 
 country and time. He died the loth day of July, in the year of grace 
 ! 359- Of whose soul God have pity and mercy." 
 
 November 22. 
 
 The mayor and bailiffs of Newcastle and other ports are 
 informed by mandate from the king, that in order to avoid 
 dangers and perils from pirates and enemies at sea, it is neces- 
 sary to provide ships of war to conduct and protect merchantmen 
 coming to English waters ; that the expense of such protec- 
 tion is to be paid by a levy of 6d. in the upon the value 
 of all goods imported and exported until Michaelmas next ensuing ; 
 that the money is to be collected by two honest and legal men of the 
 town, who are to be elected by the mayor, bailiffs, and community ; 
 and that the amount thereof is to be forwarded to the mayor and 
 sheriffs of London, for distribution among the masters, mariners, and 
 armed men of the ships of war employed in the service. The mayor 
 and bailiffs, upon receipt of the mandate, are to appoint, with the 
 consent of the community, two good men to collect the subsidy from 
 the ist December till Michaelmas, and take their oaths of fidelity; 
 and the men so elected are to proceed diligently with their collection, 
 accounting week by week to the mayor and sheriff of London, and no 
 other. The names of the two men, as soon as they are elected, are to 
 be sent to the mayor and sheriffs of London, and the same, along with 
 the date of receiving the mandate, and by whom it was delivered, arc 
 to be forwarded without delay to the king's chancery. 
 
 This year the greater part of St. Nicholas' Church was completed, 
 and Bishop Hatfield confirmed an indulgence of forty days to all such 
 as, having repented and confessed their sins, performed the following
 
 156 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 things : Went to St. Nicholas' Church to mass, to morning and 
 evening prayer, or other divine office, on the feast of the patron, or on 
 the feasts of Christmas, Circumcision, Epiphany, Easter-eve, the 
 Ascension, Pentecost, the Trinity, Corpus Christi, Holy Rood, St. 
 Michael the Archangel, nativity and decollation of John the Baptist, 
 the blessed apostles Peter and Paul, and all other apostles and 
 evangelists, the commemoration of All Souls, and on the feast of the 
 dedication of the church of St. Nicholas ; also on the feasts of SS. 
 Stephen, Lawrence, George, Martin, Dionysius, Blasius, Mary Mag- 
 dalene, Catherine, Agatha, Margaret ; the octaves of all feasts, and on 
 every Lord's Day throughout the year. They also were entitled to 
 this indulgence who followed the Sacrament on its way to the sick, or 
 who went round the churchyard praying for the dead, or assisted in 
 repairing the church, or giving it lamps, books, chalices, vestments, or 
 any other necessary ornaments, or gave or bequeathed to it gold, silver, 
 or any part of their substance ; or on Sundays said their prayers when 
 the bell rung at high mass, and at the consecration of the elements ; 
 and lastly, those who devoutly prayed for the soul of Catherine 
 Chambers, whose body was buried in the church, and for the healthful 
 estate of John Chambers, Gilbert Duxfield, and Agnes his wife, as 
 long as they lived, and for their souls when they were dead. [Duxfield 
 was mayor in 1349 and 1351. Chambers in 1361 and 1362.] 
 
 1360. 
 
 33 and 34 EDWARD III. 
 Bishop of Durham Thomas Hatfield. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs of Newcastle till MicJuielmas .- 
 William Strother Mayor. 
 
 John Chambers, John Emeldon, "1 -n yyr 
 
 William Acton, Nicholas Bagot, j 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs elected at Michaelmas : 
 
 Mayor William Strother. 
 
 ...~ j John Chambers, John Emeldon, 
 
 1 l ^ S> \ William Acton, Nicholas Bagot. 
 
 The Wall Knoll charter, quoted further on, contains the names of the 
 mayor and three of these bailiffs as witnesses, that of William Acton 
 being omitted. His name does not appear again in the municipal
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 157 
 
 roll, but occurs once or twice afterwards in the records of parliament 
 as one of the members for Newcastle. 
 
 ARLIAMENT was ordered to assemble at West- 
 minster on the 1 5th May. 
 
 William Strother and John Stanhope 
 
 were appointed to represent the burgesses of New- 
 castle. 
 
 February 26. 
 
 The king at Reading grants a special license enabling William 
 Strother, mayor of Newcastle, and his servants, to load two ships 
 with forty barrels of wine, and other victuals and goods, except wools, 
 hides, wool-fells, and arms, and proceed to Perth and other places 
 in Scotland to sell the same, returning with grain, fish, and other 
 merchandise, either to England or to parts beyond, within the king's 
 friendship, paying the usual customs and dues. 
 
 March 2. 
 
 The king being absent fighting with his army in France, letters 
 were issued in his name to the mayor and bailiffs of Newcastle, and 
 the leading ports of the kingdom, stating that an invasion of England 
 from France was preparing, and ordering them to call together all the 
 men of the town capable of bearing arms, and put them in array, so 
 that if the enemy appeared, the town might be able to join with 
 others of the king's faithful subjects and proceed against them. On 
 the i6th of the same month a similar order is sent to Newcastle and 
 other ports, commanding the mayor and bailiffs to arrest all vessels, 
 great and small, in the port or coming there to land from time to 
 time, and keep them in safe custody pending instructions, at the same 
 time preventing foreigners, religious or others, and corn or victuals, 
 from leaving the port. 
 
 May . 
 
 Dame Isabelle Russell occurs as prioress of the nuns of St. 
 Bartholomew in Newcastle. In the week of Pentecost she and her 
 convent granted to Richard Kirkby, tailor, a composition of arrears of 
 rent for a burgage in Durham, then lying waste. (See 1363.) 
 
 May 12. 
 
 In consideration of the good services which the burgesses of 
 Berwick have rendered in keeping the town in safe custody, the 
 king frees them from the payment of the subsidies of 6d. in the , 
 2s. per sack of wool, and 2s. per barrel of wine, on wools, wines, 
 and other goods brought to Newcastle.
 
 158 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 May 24. 
 
 Mandate from the king at Westminster to the mayor and bailiffs 
 of Newcastle and other ports, to proclaim a truce concluded between 
 England and France, which is to last until Michaelmas, and for a year 
 
 afterwards. 
 
 May 27. 
 
 Date of the foundation charter of the House of the Trinitarians at 
 the Wall Knoll, previously held by the Carmelites. The charter was 
 confirmed by the bishop of Durham, 2d October 1361, and by the 
 prior and his brethren at Durham, 2Oth April 1363. Bourne prints 
 the document entire in the appendix to his History of Newcastle. 
 The monastery was founded by William Acton, for the repose of 
 his soul, and the souls of Mary his wife, Robert Ogle, William 
 Strother, Robert Angerton, William Thorald, Dionysia his wife, 
 William Acton and Isolda his wife [father and mother of the 
 founder], and others. The hospital was dedicated to St. Michael, and 
 the place on which it stood was called St. Michael's Mount. William 
 Wakefield was appointed the first warden, and the society was to 
 consist of three chaplains one to be warden three poor and infirm 
 brethren, and three clerks to teach school and instruct in the chapel. 
 The property which Acton gave the monastery was I. A messuage 
 formerly belonging to Hugh Haldenby, between Robert Norray's 
 tenement and the vennel in which John Graper lived. 2. Two 
 cellars (opposite the Cale Cross) in the tenement of Robert Elward, 
 and between the land of Thomas Kelson and the vennel of John 
 Abell. 3. A plot of land between the lands of John Stanhope and 
 Thomas Milson, and extending from the king's highway next the wall 
 to the donor's garden. 4. An annual rent of 335. 4d. from a tenement 
 next the Lort Burn. 5. A rent of 365. 8d. from a tenement next 
 the Lort Burn, which Alicia of Brandon held, extending from 
 the tenement of David Roddam on the north to that of Robert 
 Angerton on the south. 6. A rent of 573. 4d. from a tenement which 
 Robert Elward held from the donor in the Flesher Rawe, abutting on 
 the lands of Thomas Kelson and John Abell. 7. A rent of ics. 
 from a tenement of Thomas Kelson, opposite the Cale Cross. The 
 master of the convent at Knaresboro' to be visitor ; in default, the 
 order in England ; and in their default, the mayor and bailiffs of 
 Newcastle. Seals of William Acton, William Wakefield, the 
 House at Knaresboro', and the common seal of Newcastle. Wit- 
 nesses William Strother, mayor, John Emeldon, Nicholas Bagot, 
 and John Chambers, bailiffs ; Robert Angerton, Thomas Hett, Robert 
 Quare, John Byker, Adam Ord, John Plummer, Nicholas Scott, and 
 others. Leland, in his Itinerary, shows the connection between the
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 159 
 
 Actons and their first warden : " There was a house in Berwick, of 
 the order of the Holy Trinity ; but Antony Beke, bishop of Durham, 
 destroyed it, and then one William Wakefield, master of the house in 
 Berwick, at the defacing of it came to Newcastle, and by the aid 
 of William and Lawrence Acton, brethren, both merchants of 
 Newcastle, built within the town of Newcastle a house of the religion 
 of the Holy Trinity, where Wakefield himself was first master." 
 
 June 6. 
 
 In continuation of the settlements arising out of the rebuilding of 
 St. Nicholas' Church, the bishop of Durham confirmed by a charter of 
 inspeximus the ordering of the vicarage, as arranged in 1194 by 
 Bishop Pudsey with the prior and convent of Carlisle. The vicar was 
 to receive for his sustentation all fruits, annual profits, oblations and 
 obventions whatsoever to the said church belonging the great tithes 
 exccpted. 
 
 June 26. 
 
 The collectors of customs at Newcastle and elsewhere are in- 
 structed that the levy of 6d. in the on goods imported and exported, 
 and a subsidy of 2s. per sack of wool, and 2s. per cask of wine, is no 
 longer to be collected. 
 
 November 14. 
 
 Mandate from the king to the mayor and bailiffs of Newcastle and 
 various ports, to proclaim a prohibition against the exportation of 
 corn and malt beyond the seas. 
 
 In the Exchequer Rolls of this year acknowledgment is made 
 of the sum of 2O/. for license to found " a certain hospital " in New- 
 castle, which item most likely refers to the house at the Wall Knoll. 
 
 The custody of the gaol [prison in the castle] and of the gate of 
 the castle was granted by the king to Thomas Rote for the term of 
 his life, and with such fees as his predecessors in those offices had 
 been accustomed to receive.
 
 SEVENTH DECADE 1361-70. 
 
 34 and 35 EDWARD III. 
 Bishop of Durham Thomas Hatfield. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiff's of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 William Strother Mayor. 
 
 John Chambers, John Emeldon, > .,.- 
 
 Nicholas Bagot, and possibly William Acton, j 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs elected at Michaelmas : 
 Mayor John Chambers. 
 
 . . ~ fjohn Emeldon, John Stanhope, 
 
 \ John Ruffan, Elias Frewhitt. 
 
 Brand spells this latter name Airwhitt. 
 
 ARLIAMENT was summoned to meet at West- 
 minster on the 24th January. 
 
 John Chambers and John Stanhope 
 
 represented Newcastle, receiving 8/. 8s. for forty- 
 two days' attendance. 
 
 March 22. 
 Robert Tughale conveys to William Swin- 
 
 how a tenement in Newcastle, which he had by grant of Thomas 
 Carliol. The seal attached to the deed is ermine, a fess enclosed 
 
 in tracery. 
 
 May 1 6. 
 
 Writ from the king to the mayor and constables of the staple of
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 161 
 
 Newcastle, to convene the merchants of the staple there, and bid them 
 elect two of the better and more discreet of their number, to proceed 
 to Westminster on the octave of the Trinity, and appear, with others 
 from Lincoln, York, Hull, etc., before the king and council, for the 
 purpose of affording such information and advice touching the staple 
 of wool and other goods as might be required. 
 
 December 3. 
 
 John Apilby, master of St. Edmund's hospital, Gateshead, paid, at 
 the bishop's Halmote Court, at Chester-le-Street, the sum of IDS. for 
 a certain road through the bishop's park at Gateshead, from the 
 manor of Friars' Goose to the said hospital. 
 
 At the end of Pilgrim Street, William Porter had a house which 
 he granted to John Chambers, elected mayor at Michaelmas this year, 
 on condition that Chambers paid to the prioress and convent of 
 Lambley iSs. per annum. 
 
 1362. 
 
 35 and 36 EDWARD III. 
 
 Bishop of Durham Thomas Hatfield. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs of Newcastle till Micliaelmas : 
 John Chambers Mayor. 
 
 John Emeldon, John Stanhope, \ Bailiffs 
 
 John Ruffan, Elias Frewhitt, or Airwhitt. j 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs elected at Michaelmas : 
 Mayor John Chambers. 
 
 _ f John Emeldon, John Stanhope, 
 
 ^' I Elias Frewhitt, or Airwhitt, Robert Duxfield. 
 
 IN the parliament which met at Westminster in October, 
 Newcastle was represented by 
 
 John Chambers and Robert Duxfield, 
 who were paid n/. 45. for fifty-six days' attendance. 
 
 January 6. 
 
 John Preston of Newcastle, and Alan Whitehead, chaplain, give to 
 John Heron, knight, all lands and tenements which they held of
 
 1 62 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 the feoffment of Thomas Walton, son of Elizabeth of St. Kyrwith, 
 in the vill of Caldewell, near Clifton, Northumberland. 
 
 May 20. 
 
 Mandate from the king, commanding the ex-sheriff of Northumber- 
 land to deliver up John Gray and Thomas Hay, hostages of Scotland, 
 to Roger Widdrington, the new sheriff, by whom they are to be kept 
 safe in the king's castle at Newcastle. 
 
 September 27. 
 
 Date of an order from the king to the collectors of customs at 
 Newcastle and other ports, forbidding the exportation of wool, hides, 
 pelts, etc., after the ensuing Michaelmas. 
 
 November 18. 
 
 Many defects in Tyne Bridge were reported, and towards the 
 reparation thereof, and of the town walls, there was an order to take 
 tolls of goods coming into Newcastle for ten years following. 
 
 November 26. 
 
 Writ from the king to the mayor and bailiffs of Newcastle and 
 other authorities, forbidding the exportation of corn, lead, tin, cloth 
 called worsteds, sea-coal, cheese, butter, millstones, etc., out of the 
 kingdom. 
 
 1363. 
 
 36 and 37 EDWARD III. 
 Bishop of Durham Thomas Hatfield. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 John Chambers Mayor. 
 
 John Emeldon, Elias Frewhitt, or Airwhitt, } / / o- 
 John Stanhope, Robert Duxfield, I 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs elected at Michaelmas : 
 Mayor Robert Angerton. 
 
 Bail'ff -f J^ n Emeldon, John Stanhope, 
 
 ' \ William Acton, John Byker. 
 
 The roll of parliament this year does not contain any entry for 
 Newcastle.
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 163 
 
 February 9. 
 
 HE prohibitions of the previous year against the ex- 
 portation of wool, coals, etc., were relaxed by royal 
 writ of this date (with one or two exceptions), so far 
 as the town of Calais was concerned. 
 
 April 6. 
 
 The king, by writ to the mayor and bailiffs of Newcastle and other 
 ports, prohibits the exportation of horses, falcons, and woollen or 
 cotton thread out of the kingdom, except by special license. 
 
 June 20. 
 
 Mandate from the king to Roger Widdrington, ex-sheriff of 
 Northumberland, to deliver up to the incoming sheriff, Richard 
 Horsley, Thomas Hay, to be safely kept in the castle of Newcastle. 
 The name of John Gray, co-hostage of Hay in the previous year, does 
 not occur in the mandate, from which it may be surmised that he 
 had been released by treaty or by death. 
 
 September . 
 
 It is stated that in this month a severe frost set in at Newcastle, 
 which continued until April following. 
 
 The nuns of St. Bartholomew in Newcastle appear to have 
 changed their prioress rather frequently about this time. In 1320 
 Phillipa Wolteby, in 1331 Sibilla Gategang, in 1355 Alice Davill, in 
 1 360 Isabelle Russell, and this year Amisia Belford respectively occur 
 as the holders of that important office. On Tuesday after the feast 
 of St. Gregory, I2th March 1363-4, Amisia and her sisterhood 
 released to Thomas Loksyde some rent due to them from a burgage 
 lying waste in the city of Durham, which Loksyde held in fee. 
 Among the witnesses are John Apilby, clerk [master of St 
 Edmund's hospital, Gateshead], and Robert Angerton, mayor of 
 Newcastle. In 1365 we shall find the nuns in trouble, and in 1367 
 Amisia is charged with, amongst other crimes, that of incontinence. 
 
 The exchequer rolls for this year contain an entry that Peter 
 Swayn, chaplain, and others, paid 24/. for a license in mortmain to 
 establish a certain fraternity in Newcastle, and to acquire for that 
 fraternity lands and tenements to the value of 2O/. per annum. This 
 is the grant which Brand (vol. i., p. 66) assigns to the year 1364. The 
 fraternity was to be founded in honour of the nativity and resurrection 
 of our Lord, but for some reason unknown the design was not carried 
 out, and in the following year the grant was revoked.
 
 1 64 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 1364. 
 
 37 and 38 EDWARD III. 
 Bishop of Durham Thomas Hatfield. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 
 Robert Angerton Mayor. 
 
 John Emeldon, William Acton, ) v ./r 
 
 L , ' \Baihffs. 
 
 John Stanhope, John Byker, J 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs elected at Michaelmas : 
 Mayor Robert Angerton. 
 
 ( William Acton, John Stanhope. 
 
 'IjohnRuffan, 
 
 April 5. 
 
 RIT from the king to the mayor, bailiffs, and collec- 
 tors of customs at Newcastle, the prior of Tyne- 
 mouth, and bailiff of the town of Shields, and 
 others, prohibiting the exportation of gold, silver, 
 and jewels from the kingdom. 
 
 November 10. 
 
 The king, for five marks paid into the hanaper, confirmed a lease 
 granted by the bishop of Durham to John Plummer, burgess of 
 Newcastle, and Walter Hesilden, burgess of Gateshead, to work coal 
 in the land of Gateshead for twenty-four years, paying annually to the 
 bishop and his successors loos. The lessees were to commence their 
 term of payment from the hour when they had won a pit from which 
 they could get and have full work of coals from day to day in like 
 manner as was taken from a pit in the land of Whickham. " And the 
 aforesaid John and Walter will win the mine at their own cost ; and 
 to do this the said bishop grants sufficient timber in his park of 
 Gateshead, under the view of the forester, for constructing their pits 
 and their Watergate, and to make their staiths in a place convenient 
 for putting their coals upon the water of Tyne to make their profit, at 
 the risk of the said John and Walter, etc., and the said bishop grants 
 them a road convenient for them and all others getting coals there, to 
 the said pits, etc.; and the said bishop grants to them that no pit will 
 cither be let to farm, or made by him, or by another, within his land
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 165 
 
 of Gatcshead during their term aforesaid ; and should any be made 
 during their said term, that it shall be quite lawful for the aforesaid 
 John and Walter to destroy them without being hindered by the said 
 bishop or his successors." 
 
 Release from Robert, son of John Galloway of Newcastle, by 
 Christiana, daughter of William Denom, to William Menville, of all 
 right in the manor of Pespoole, county Durham. 
 
 1365. 
 
 38 and 39 EDWARD III. 
 Bishop of Durham Thomas Hatfield. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 Robert Angerton Mayor. 
 
 William Acton, John Stanhope, ) n . rjr 
 
 T u T> cr \Baihffs. 
 
 John Ruffan, ) 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs elected at MicJiaelmas : 
 Mayor Richard Stanhope. 
 
 Bailiffs $ William Acton, John Stanhope, 
 
 ' I John Emeldon, John RufFan. 
 
 "ARLIAMENT was convened for the 2Oth January, at 
 Westminster. Newcastle \vas represented by 
 
 Robert [Angerton?] and William A[cton?]. 
 
 The surnames cannot be deciphered, and the names 
 in brackets are conjectural. 
 
 July 15. 
 
 The king grants a license to the Earl of Mar to fulfil an obligation 
 with certain merchants of Newcastle, whereby he is to send there, 
 about the feast of the Nativity of the Virgin, a hundred and twenty 
 oxen under charge of eight horsemen. 
 
 November 22. 
 
 Letter from the king to the sheriff of Northumberland, stating that 
 he has heard of many defects in houses, walls, towers, and turrets in 
 the castle of Newcastle, and that heavy repairs and emendations are 
 required ; commanding the sheriff to look after the same, and under 
 
 12
 
 1 66 NE WCASTLE AND GA TESHEAD. 
 
 the supervision of Robert Thyngden, " chaplain of our chapel in the 
 said castle," without delay to repair and amend, obtaining carpenters, 
 masons, and other artificers and labourers as may be necessary, and 
 charging the expense to the exchequer. 
 
 The bishop of Durham commissioned Alan Shutlyng and William 
 Farneham to visit the nunnery of Saint Bartholomew in Newcastle, in 
 order to punish and reform such excesses and crimes as they should 
 discover the nuns to be guilty of in the course of their visitation. 
 
 The king issued an order concerning the measure of coals to be 
 used by vendors of that mineral in Newcastle. 
 
 William Dalden, who had exchanged the manors of Felkyngton 
 and Allyrden in Norhamshire, for the manor of Rilley, with Sir 
 Thomas Gray, knight, granted the latter to Richard of Barnardcastle, 
 clerk, who gave it with all his lands to John of Barnardcastle, rector of 
 Gateshead, and others, with reversion to the convent of Durham 
 
 1366. 
 
 39 and 40 EDWARD III. 
 Bishop of Durham Thomas Hatfield. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 Richard Stanhope Mayor. 
 
 William Acton, John Stanhope, ") -,-rf 
 
 John Emeldon, John Ruffan, j 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs elected at Michaelmas : 
 Mayor William Acton. 
 
 Bailiffs, ( J hn Stanh P e J hn 
 
 ' I Thomas Graper, John Byker. 
 
 Brand again transposes Graper into Draper, and gives no explana- 
 tion. 
 
 'ARLIAMENT was summoned to meet at Westminster 
 on the 4th May. The members for Newcastle were 
 
 William Acton and Hugh Hawkin. 
 
 February 19. 
 Letter from the king to the sheriff of Northumberland, ordering
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 167 
 
 him to send a large quantity of coals to Windsor. The sheriffs 
 accounts relating to this transaction afford an interesting view of the 
 early coal trade. The sheriff bought 576 chaldrons by the long 
 hundred at Winlaton, paying i/d. per chaldron 47/. i/s. 8d. In 
 carrying the coals to Newcastle for shipment he employed thirty-three 
 keels and a boat ; each keel contained five men and twenty chaldrons, 
 and the boat four men and sixteen chaldrons, and he paid I2d. for the 
 hire of each keel and the boat, and 6d. wages to each man altogether 
 for hire and wages, n8s. 6d. John Taverner, who freighted divers 
 ships to take the coals to London, and superintended their loading in 
 the Tyne, was engaged fifty-four days, and received I2d. per day 543. 
 Hugh Hankyn, for work and expenses in going to London, staying 
 there to receive the coals from the ships, delivering the same to Adam 
 Hertyngdone, the king's clerk, and returning home, received i8d. 
 a-day for seventy-four days I us. The freight to London was 35. 6d. 
 per chaldron, and as the vessels received payment for 589^ chaldrons, 
 the expense of sea carriage was 1037. 43. Total cost 165/. 55. 2d. 
 The quantity, computed by the lesser hundred, was 676 chaldrons in 
 the Thames, but after allowance of one chaldron to the score, according 
 to London custom (576-7-20), equal to twenty-eight chaldrons, 
 and loss of coals thrown overboard on account of a great storm which 
 came on suddenly at sea, as also by the excess of London measure 
 over that of Newcastle amounting together to 86^ chaldrons, 
 the real quantity accounted for was 561^ chaldrons. 
 
 April 1 8. 
 
 The bishop of Durham appoints " Sir " Hugh Arncliffe, celebrant 
 of the divine office in the church of St. Nicholas', Newcastle, to 
 have the care and custody of the nunnery of St. Bartholomew, 
 there, whose miserable state, both spiritual and temporal, has 
 excited his lordship's pity. He orders the prioress and nuns to be 
 obedient to this priest, and expresses a hope that by prudence and 
 diligence a way may be opened for them to escape from their present 
 poverty and distress. 
 
 Richard Kilvington, priest at St. Mary's Church, Gateshead, 
 died this year. In the rolls of Bishop Bury he is called " parson of 
 Gateshead." (See I7th July 1339.)
 
 i68 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 1367- 
 
 40 and 41 EDWARD III. 
 
 Bishop of Durham Thomas Hatfield. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 
 Mayor William Acton. 
 
 John Stanhope, Thomas Grapcr, ) ,, .,.. 
 
 JohnRuffan, John Bykcr, / 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs elected at Michaelmas : 
 Mayor Richard Stanhope. 
 
 Bailiffs, $ J hn Emeldon > J hn Preston, 
 
 ' 1 John Byker, John Houghall. 
 
 Bourne's List makes it appear that William Acton was re-elected 
 at the annual mayor-choosing ; but the exchequer rolls for this year 
 contain a precept addressed to " Richard Stanhope, mayor of the 
 town of Newcastle-upon-Tyne," which is more positive evidence than 
 Bourne's " the same." 
 
 February 8. 
 
 ANDATE from the king to the mayor, bailiffs, and 
 community of Newcastle, stating that there is no 
 longer any hope of securing a lasting peace between 
 his kingdom of England and that of Scotland, and 
 ordering them without delay to put themselves in 
 
 array, to furnish the town with victuals and other necessaries, and 
 safely and securely to keep and defend it against incursions from the 
 enemy. The sheriff of Northumberland also is ordered to furnish the 
 castle with men, victuals, arms, and other necessaries. On the same 
 day the king issues a writ directed to the sheriff, to the mayor and 
 bailiffs of Newcastle, and to other authorities throughout the realm, 
 ordering them to proclaim a prohibition against any person, under 
 penalty of forfeiting life and members, transferring himself beyond 
 the kingdom, or sending away horses, beasts of burden, arms, bows 
 and arrows. Merchants of note, without horses, arms, etc., are to be 
 excepted from the operation of this writ. On the 23d of the same- 
 month the king prohibits the exportation of worsted cloth, sea-coal, 
 millstones, and goods called felware, except to the town of Calais.
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 169 
 
 May 20 and 25. 
 
 In this month occur three royal writs respecting the coal trade 
 of the Tyne : 
 
 The first, dated 2Oth May, is in reply to a complaint from 
 Plummer and Hesilden (who three years earlier were licensed to dig 
 coals in the lands of Gateshead), that they are interfered with by the 
 men of Newcastle. The king therefore sends to his faithful sheriffs, etc., 
 a writ stating that : " On the part of John Plummer and Walter 
 Hesilden, merchants leading sea-coals to divers places in our king- 
 dom, for the use of the people of the same kingdom, it has been 
 pointed out to us, with grievous complaint, that since they, in the 
 leading of this kind of coals in boats from the bishopric of Durham 
 across the water of Tyne to the town of Newcastle, and other places 
 in the neighbourhood, have suffered manifold hindrance and disturb- 
 ance, through certain of the said town of Newcastle, who have coals 
 there to sell, which is admitted to result, not only in our damage, 
 but also in the no small loss of us and our said people, and of the 
 state, as also the losing altogether of our custom which is due to 
 be paid from those coals in the town of Newcastle and elsewhere, etc. 
 We, considering that by the leading of coals of this kind to all places 
 within our kingdom the greatest advantage will come to us and 
 our people, and wishing to look to the benefit of the state in this 
 matter, have taken the aforesaid John and Walter, and their servants, 
 as also all others leading sea-coals from the aforesaid bishopric in 
 boats across the water of Tyne to our town of Newcastle, and from 
 thence, after paying the customs due from the same, to other places 
 within our kingdom by land and by water, into our special protection 
 and defence. And therefore we command, etc., that you maintain, 
 protect, and defend the aforesaid John and Walter, and others so 
 leading sea-coals, and each one of them, not bringing upon them 
 or allowing to be brought upon them any injury, hurt, loss, violence, 
 hindrance, or grievance, and if any forfeiture or injury happen to them, 
 you are to cause it to be duly corrected and remedied without delay ; 
 always provided that they do not lead, or cause to be led, any coals 
 without our kingdom to any place except to our town of Calais, 
 under our heavy forfeiture, etc., to remain in force during one year." 
 
 The second deed bears the same date, and refers to the dues 
 payable to the king from the new trade in coals. It may be sum- 
 marised thus : The king to the mayor and bailiffs of the town of 
 Newcastle Richard Scott, John Chambers, and Robert Reynauld, 
 burgesses of the same town, greeting. We understand that numbers 
 of men of Newcastle cause sea-coals to be led in their boats, called 
 keels, to the port of Newcastle, to ships coming to the said port to
 
 1 70 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 buy coals, and permit the coals to be placed in such ships without 
 being measured by our standard measure, and paying the customs in 
 the gross, to our great prejudice. We, wishing to look to our 
 indemnity in this matter, have appointed you to see that all sea-coals 
 led to the port to be loaded into ships, in the manner aforesaid, be 
 measured ; and to arrest, and cause to be arrested, all boats attempting 
 to load into ships without measurement, together with the coals in such 
 boats, and detain them until further instructions from us. [This was 
 revoked in June, the king allowing the burgesses a fixed sum from 
 every boat belonging to natives of this country in aid of their fee- 
 farm rent, and reserving to himself the customs due from merchants 
 and strangers exporting coals.] 
 
 The third writ bears date the 2 5th May, and is the complement of 
 the first. It is addressed to the mayor and bailiffs of Newcastle. 
 " Roger Fulthorp, John Plummer, John Britley, and Walter Hesilden 
 have petitioned us that we may be willing to concede to them a license 
 that they may have power to lead sea-coals which they have dug, and 
 hereafter shall dig, in the lands of the town of Gateshead, in the 
 bishopric of Durham, near the water of Tyne, from mines there, to the 
 said town of Newcastle across that water. We, assenting to their 
 petition in this matter, have caused a license of this kind to be 
 conceded to the same Roger, John, John, and Walter, and therefore 
 we command you to allow the aforesaid Roger, John, etc., to load the 
 aforesaid coals into boats on the side of the said town of Gateshead, 
 and to lead them to the said town of Newcastle, the custom due from 
 thence being paid to us at the same town of Newcastle as it behoves." 
 
 June 10. 
 
 Hugh Arncliffe, appointed in the previous year to have charge of 
 the nuns of St. Bartholomew in Newcastle, was not long in finding out 
 grave irregularities in the management of the nunnery. Amisia 
 Belford, the prioress, was charged with being an intruder, and incon- 
 tinent, and of allowing dilapidations in the fabric. The bishop of 
 Durham, under this date, issued a commission to Arncliffe to investi- 
 gate these charges, and on the 2ist of the same month his lordship 
 ordered her to permit Emma Hill and Joan Farnley, whom she had 
 expelled, to return to the house freely and peacefully, and to treat 
 those " servants of God " with due affection. Brand surmises that 
 Emma Hill was afterwards prioress, and the same Emma who granted 
 a quit claim to William Scowland of half an annual rent of IDS. to the 
 light of St. Mary and St. Bartholomew in the church of the nunnery 
 given them by Margery Gowland out of lands in Pelton. The issue 
 of Arncliffe's investigations, and the fate of Amisia, are not recorded.
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. i;i 
 
 July 24. 
 
 The bishop of Durham, by a deed issued on this date from his 
 cathedral city, appointed Nicholas Coke of Newcastle keeper and 
 vendor of his coals at Gateshead and Whickham, with power to sell 
 and account for the same. For this service Coke received 135. 4d. per 
 annum. 
 
 October 31. 
 
 Date of a deed by which William Swinhow, who in 1361, as we 
 have seen, bought a tenement in Newcastle of Robert Tughale, 
 conveys to " Sir " John of Holy Island, vicar of Berwick-on-Tweed, 
 John Hesilrige, and John of Wark, trustees, a messuage in Newcastle 
 in Market Gate, called in a deed of 1388 the Beremarket, between 
 the tenement which was Thomas Duxfield's on the east, and that of 
 the abbot of Newminster on the west. 
 
 December 8. 
 
 Writ from the king to the mayor and bailiffs of Newcastle, the 
 bailiff of Tynemouth, and the authorities of other towns, ordering that 
 no money of the coinage of Scotland, or any other country, nor any 
 kind of money except gold and silver of the king's own coinage, 
 should have currency in the realm, under pain of forfeiture of life and 
 members. 
 
 The king, for io/. paid into the exchequer, pardoned the master 
 and brethren of the Virgin Mary Hospital, Westgate, for their 
 transgression in acquiring a certain tenement in Newcastle in mort- 
 main without his license. 
 
 An inquisition was held this year for proof of the age of John, son 
 and heir of John Musgrave and Margaret his wife, both deceased. 
 Edmund Craucester [Craster] deposed that the said John was born 
 at Heaton, I4th February 1345, and baptised at All Saints', New- 
 castle ; John Freemarys and John, son of Robert Benton, were his 
 godfathers. Recollected the day because he saw him baptised. John 
 Comyn recollected the day for the same reason ; Henry Harrington, 
 because his own son John was born in the same month ; John 
 Killingworth, because he married his wife Agnes in the same month, 
 etc.
 
 172 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 1368. 
 
 41 and 42 EDWARD III. 
 Bishop of Durham Thomas Hatfield. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 Richard Stanhope Mayor. 
 
 John Emeldon, John Preston, "| 
 
 John Byker, John Houghall, J 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs elected at Michaelmas Uncertain. Bourne 
 has another of his " The same's," so far as relates to William 
 Acton, mayor. 
 
 1ARLIAMENT met at Westminster in May. Newcastle 
 does not appear in the returns. 
 
 May 24. 
 
 The king grants a pardon to John Burn of Gates- 
 head, chaplain. Burn had petitioned the crown, 
 stating that he had been in Scotland for some time, performing the 
 divine office and receiving his salary ; but, although out of the realm 
 without leave, had not taken any oath to the king of Scotland, nor in 
 any way transferred his allegiance, and was anxious, as a loyal 
 subject, to be forgiven, and restored to the king's favour. "And 
 whereas Master John Bolton, our chamberlain of Berwick, testifies 
 to the truth contained in the premises, and assures us of the fidelity of 
 the said John [Burn], we admit him to our faith and peace, and 
 pardon him the transgression which he committed." 
 
 July 3. 
 
 William Norton, master of the hospital of the Virgin Mary in the 
 Westgate, Newcastle, and the brethren of the same, grant to William 
 Menville all their lands and rents in the village of Whittonstall. 
 Accompanying this grant is a release of the premises bearing the 
 same date. William Menville was heir to Miles Darrein of Whitton- 
 stall, and these lands were probably the same as those which, by 
 the following deed, bearing date the latter end of the reign of King 
 John, were conveyed to the hospital : " Know all men by these 
 presents, that I, Miles of Whittonstall, give to God and the Blessed 
 Mary, and to the master and brethren of the Hospital of St. Mary of 
 Westgate in Newcastle, for the health of my soul, a third part of my 
 meadow in the village of Whittonstall, with its appurtenances ;
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 173 
 
 thirteen acres of arable land in the same village, and all my pasture at 
 Langlands, Holmdews, and Standandeston, with common of pasture 
 in the said village, etc. [Here follow the names of the fields, etc.] 
 Witnesses Robert Newham, Robert Hindley and William his 
 brother, Patrick, vicar of Bywell, Stephen, vicar of Tynemouth, 
 Jordan, chaplain of Newcastle, Alan, vicar of Whickham, Hugh, 
 vicar of Whelpington, and others." 
 
 Augiist 30. 
 
 St. Nicholas' Church was not yet completed, but was progres- 
 sing as fast as the offerings of the faithful permitted. The 
 restoration of the choir had been commenced without leave 
 obtained from the bishop and prior of Carlisle, who were the 
 patrons of the living ; and they, hearing that something was being 
 attempted, sent over a procurator to ascertain the facts. He came, 
 saw the curate, or one of the chaplains, working with his own hands at 
 the building, ordered him to desist ; and when the curate refused, 
 went straightway to a notary, and " noted protest," which protest he 
 served upon the curate and upon two well-known burgesses, both 
 of them ex-mayors John Chambers and Robert Angerton. The 
 following is a record of the proceedings, extracted from the archives of 
 the dean and chapter of Carlisle : 
 
 In the name of God, Amen. By this present public instrument, 
 may it evidently appear, that in the year of our Lord 1368, on 
 the 3Oth day of the month of August, in the churchyard of the 
 church of St. Nicholas, of the town of Newcastle-on-Tyne, at 
 the south end of that church, "Sir" Thomas de Salkeld, a discreet 
 man, rector of the church of Clifton, in the diocese of Carlisle, 
 procurator of Thomas, bishop of Carlisle, and the prior and convent 
 of the cathedral church of the Blessed Mary of Carlisle, sent 
 specially for the undermentioned purposes, in presence of me, a 
 notary public, and of the subscribing witnesses, found a certain " Sir " 
 Robert Merlay, chaplain, sitting near to a certain new work 
 adjoining the choir of the church of St. Nicholas aforesaid, which 
 appeared in part lately built, and chipping and working upon a 
 certain stone ; and the same procurator asked from the said " Sir " 
 Robert his name, and by what man or what men the aforesaid new 
 work thus far had been begun, furthered, and built, and also would be 
 built to its final completion. The aforesaid Robert named no maker 
 or builder of the new work aforesaid to the said procurator at that 
 time. And because it seemed to the said procurator, as he said, that 
 he had received no pertinent answer from " Sir " Robert, he showed 
 then to me, a notary public, a certain commission, sufficiently noted,
 
 174 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 sealed with the seal of the said lord bishop, and the common seal 
 of the said prior and convent, and to me, a notary public, handed it 
 for inspection ; and said, that because he found him thus working, 
 and he was commonly reputed actor, builder, and furtherer of the said 
 work, he wished to proclaim the new work to him in name of his said 
 masters and others whom it might concern ; and threw a little stone 
 at the aforesaid new work, and to the said " Sir " Robert, on behalf of 
 all others in that part whom it might concern, he proclaimed the new 
 work, and ordered the said " Sir " Robert that he should not in any 
 way proceed further in carrying on the said new work, or in demolish- 
 ing the ancient choir, and threw a little stone at the old work. These 
 things were done in presence of John de Odysilke, of the diocese of 
 York, literate, and John Sawer, of the diocese of Carlisle, witnesses 
 called and summoned specially for these presents. 
 
 Thereafter, on the day and year of our Lord aforesaid, some little 
 time having intervened, in presence of me, a notary public, and of the 
 subscribing witnesses, the said " Sir " Thomas, the procurator aforesaid, 
 repeated in a certain place of the town of Newcastle aforesaid, com- 
 monly called " ye Sandhill," to Robert Angerton and John Chambers, 
 burgesses of the said town of Newcastle, that to the said Robert 
 Merlay, the procurator of the new work, he had proclaimed the new 
 work ; and because, as he said, he truly perceived that by their advice 
 and aid the said new work had been begun, built, and constructed, to 
 them, and to each of them, he proclaimed the new work, and ordered 
 them, and each of them, and all others in that part whom it might 
 concern, that they should not proceed further in building the new 
 work, or in demolishing the ancient choir, to the prejudice and 
 damage of his said masters and those whom it might concern. These 
 things were done this day, month, and place aforesaid, in presence 
 of Robert Merlay aforesaid, and Richard of Stanhope, of the diocese 
 of Durham, witnesses called and summoned for these presents. 
 The tenour of the said commission is as follows : Know all, that we, 
 Thomas, by divine permission bishop of Carlisle, and the prior and 
 .chapter of the cathedral church of the Blessed Mary of Carlisle, 
 holding in our own right the parish church of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 
 in the diocese of Durham : Because now lately it has come to our ears 
 that certain parishioners of our said church, and some others, construct 
 and build, without and against our pleasure, a certain new work 
 adjoining the aforesaid church, in the churchyard of the same, and 
 purpose to destroy and pull down the ancient choir of the aforesaid 
 church, to our great prejudice and damage, we make "Sir" Thomas 
 Salkeld, dear to us in Christ, our procurator ; giving to the same 
 general authority and general and special command, lawfully in our
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 175 
 
 name to proclaim the new work, both to our church of Newcastle 
 aforesaid, and to whomsoever are working there in the ground of the 
 church of Newcastle or churchyard of the same, and working at and 
 constructing any new work whatsoever, and to others ordering the 
 said work to be constructed and built ; and to order the same not 
 to proceed further in the said work, or to destroy or pull down the 
 ancient choir of our church aforesaid, in any part of it. 
 
 1369- 
 
 42 and 43 EDWARD III. 
 Bishop of Durham Thomas Hatfield. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs of Newcastle till Michaelmas Uncertain, for 
 reasons given in the preceding year. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs elected at Michaelmas : 
 Mayor Robert Angerton. 
 
 j Thomas Graper, John Ruffan, 
 
 ' (. John Bulkham, Stephen Whitgrave. 
 
 N the returns of the parliament that met at Westminster 
 on 3d June this year no mention is made of the 
 representatives of Newcastle. This parliament passed 
 an act respecting the staple of wool, which recites that 
 whereas of late it was ordained for the profit of the 
 realm and ease of merchants of England, that the staple of wools, 
 wool-fells, and leather, should be holden at Calais, and there it hath 
 been since the 1st day of March, the 37th year of our lord the king 
 that now is ; and now because the peace another time taken between 
 the realms of England and France is by the Frenchmen broken, and 
 great peril might come to the goods of the realm there being, and 
 coming by the sea to the same staple out of England, if the same 
 staple were continued ; therefore, the staple of wool, etc., at Calais is 
 to be removed, and ten ports in England, of which Newcastle was one, 
 are selected at which the staple shall be held. 
 
 War with France broke out again, and the king fearing that 
 the French would engage the Scots to invade England, took the 
 precaution to reinforce the garrisons at Newcastle, Berwick, and the 
 fortresses on the borders. 
 
 April 20. 
 
 The bishop of Durham granted to William Forrest of Gateshead 
 the office of keeper of his park there, with the same allowance as
 
 1 76 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 that of his predecessor twenty years before viz., three halfpence 
 a-day. 
 
 August 13. 
 
 Confirmation by the bishop of Durham of Robert Morden, or 
 Morton, Augustine monk, to be prior of the Virgin Mary Hospital, 
 Newcastle, in succession to William Norton, deceased. Brand men- 
 tions a deed of Morden's to which is affixed the fragment of a beautiful 
 oval seal representing the Virgin and child under a canopy of gothic 
 work, which he states much exceeds in execution the seal in use at the 
 hospital when he wrote his history. 
 
 September 3. 
 
 Nicholas Coke of Newcastle [the same name as that of the bishop's 
 coal-keeper or agent in July 1367] makes his will at this date, 
 bequeathing to the Carmelite brethren of the said town sixty stone of 
 iron ; to the order of Preachers there, 26s. 8d. ; to the Friars Minor, 
 2os. ; to the Augustines, 2os. ; to the high altar of St. Nicholas' 
 Church, 2os. ; to the altar of Blessed Mary in the same, 6s. Sd. ; to the 
 fabric of St. John's Chapel, or church, 135. 4d. ; to the fabric of the 
 window in the choir of St. Nicholas', 2os. ; to the chaplain for masses 
 to be said for his soul in St. Nicholas', 3O/. 
 
 October 26. 
 
 Date of a writ from the king to the mayor and bailiffs of New- 
 castle and other towns, stating that whereas the enemies of England 
 have set themselves with a multitude of ships and armed men to 
 destroy the English navy, and impede the passage of merchants and 
 merchandise, etc., his Majesty, desirous of resisting, as far as possible, 
 the malice of his enemies, commands that from each place two men, 
 possessing a knowledge of foreign parts and of shipping and commerce, 
 shall be elected and appear before him and his council at Westminster, 
 in the octave of St. Martin, to consult and advise with them touching 
 the safety of navigation and commerce, the freedom of the seas, and 
 the greater security of the kingdom. The names of the persons 
 selected do not appear. 
 
 November 30. 
 
 The king grants a license of mortmain to enable Thomas Bentley, 
 chaplain, to assign a certain vacant piece of ground, and 133. 4d. annual 
 rent, which he held from the king in free burgage, unto William Wake- 
 field, keeper and minister of the hospital of the Holy Trinity for the 
 Redemption of Captives, Wall Knoll, and his brethren, to have and to 
 hold, etc., for the sustentation of a chaplain to celebrate mass for the 
 souls of Thomas and William Thorald, their father, mother, and 
 ancestors, and all the faithful dead, daily for ever in the parish church 
 of St. Nicholas, Newcastle.
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. X ; 7 
 
 1370. 
 
 43 and 44 EDWARD III. 
 Bishop of Durham Thomas Hatfield. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 Robert Angerton Mayor. 
 
 Thomas Graper, John Ruffan, ) .,. 
 
 John Bulkham, Stephen Whitgrave, / 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs elected at Michaelmas Uncertain. Bourne 
 has " The same " for five years running, and, unfortunately, evidence 
 corroborative or to the contrary is not forthcoming. 
 
 FjBOUT this year flourished Nicholas Durham, born 
 in the northern parts, Carmelite friar at Newcastle, 
 and doctor of divinity ; a learned and constant 
 opposer of the errors of John Wickliffe. He wrote 
 on the mastery of the sentences, originals of doctors, 
 resolutions of questions, and against Wickliffe's articles." 
 
 March 25. 
 
 Date of a conveyance of property in Gateshead from William 
 Bedyn to Thomas and Agnes Bicol. " Be it known, etc., that I, 
 William Bedyn of the vill of Gateshead, do hereby give and grant, 
 etc., to Thomas de Bicol and Agnes his wife, all that tenement now 
 occupied by the said Thomas, lying between a tenement now occupied 
 by me on the north, and a tenement of William de Bowes on the 
 south, extending from the king's highway thence to ... and thence 
 to a small house on the back near to the said tenement occupied 
 by the said Thomas on the one part, and a garden adjoining to land 
 belonging to the chantry of St. Mary in the church of Gateshead on 
 the west, and the Clok Mylne on the east on the other part. To have 
 and to hold the said tenement, with all the appurtenances, to the 
 aforesaid Thomas and Agnes, and their assigns, of the chief lord of 
 the fee owing, and the services due and of right accustomed yearly for 
 ever ; yielding and paying thereout annually to the chantry of the 
 Holy Trinity, in the vill of Gateshead, the sum of IDS. And I, the 
 aforesaid William, for myself and my heirs, do hereby grant the 
 aforesaid tenement, together with the garden above mentioned, and all 
 their appurtenances, to the aforesaid Agnes and Thomas, their heirs 
 and assigns, and that I will warrant and defend my title to the same
 
 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 for ever. In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my seal to this 
 my charter in the presence of Walter de Hesilden, bailiff of Gateshead, 
 . . . Bowes . . . Thomas Vesy, Walter Mareschal, William the miller, 
 Thomas Bowes, Thomas de Cliff, and many others." 
 
 May 5. 
 
 The king grants a license to John Chambers of Newcastle to 
 become a burgess of Berwick. Chambers is to be, in lot and scot, 
 vigils and contributions, and all other things whatsoever to the town 
 of Berwick belonging, in the same position as other burgesses, and to 
 enjoy all and singular the liberties and free customs which other 
 burgesses have had from the king's concessions. 
 
 May 1 6. 
 
 A royal order of this date assigns to James Lyons, Walter Frost, 
 and John Chambers of Newcastle, jointly and severally, the impress- 
 ment of ships of twelve tons and upwards for his Majesty's service in 
 all ports and maritime places between Berwick-on-Tweed and the 
 Humber, and the taking of them from time to time, with all possible 
 celerity, to the port of Southampton. Another order of the same date 
 assigns to Walter Frost and William Acton of Newcastle, similar 
 operations in the waters of the Humber, Trent, and Ouse, and other 
 waters between those rivers and Berwick. 
 
 An inquisition was held this year respecting the condition of the 
 bridge over the Tyne. The jurors found that the structure was so 
 decayed that a thousand pounds sterling would not suffice to repair it. 
 They found also that tv/enty marks of annual income belonged to the 
 bridge, and St. Thomas' Chapel thereon, of which one moiety went to 
 the master of the chapel for himself and his clerk, and the other 
 moiety to the master builder of the bridge. 
 
 m 
 
 KlMi'S ClIAMHKR IN THK C'ASTI.E.
 
 EIGHTH DECADE 1371-80. 
 
 I37I- 
 
 44 and 45 EDWARD III. 
 
 Bishop of Durham Thomas Hatfield. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs Still " The same." (See the preceding year.) 
 
 ARLIAMENT was ordered to meet at West- 
 minster on the 24th February. 
 
 Richard Acton and Robert Angerton 
 
 were elected by the burgesses of Newcastle, and 
 received io/. 45. for fifty-one days' attendance. 
 
 In this parliament the clergy granted an " aid " 
 of 5O,OOO/. for the king's wars in France, to be 
 levied upon all classes of benefices, even chantry priests were to be 
 taxed ; and the laity granted a like aid of a similar sum to be levied 
 upon every parish at the rate of 22s. 3d. each, the great parishes 
 helping the less. But it was found on inquiry that the number 
 of parishes were too few to raise so large a sum at 22s. 3d. each. 
 Whereupon the king summoned a council at Winchester, to which 
 Newcastle sent 
 
 Lawrence Acton, 
 
 and there it was ordained that each parish should pay 5/. i6s., which 
 payment amounted in Northumberland, with sixty parishes, to 348/. 
 Lawrence Acton was not a member of the February parliament, and 
 it is a reasonable conjecture that he succeeded Richard, who, from 
 infirmity or other cause, could not obey the summons. Presuming 
 that this Richard Acton was the man who appears on the municipal
 
 i8o NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 roll as a bailiff in 1307, and was mayor in 1333 and no other 
 person of his name occurs in local history at this period he would be 
 of great age when ordered to meet his colleagues at Winchester, and 
 may have had to obey the summons of a greater king than Edward 
 III. The Actons gave their name to a piece of vacant ground between 
 the Castle and the Side, which was afterwards known as Lawrence 
 Acton's waste. 
 
 May i. 
 
 At the request of the burgesses the king granted an exemplifica- 
 tion of the charter originally confirmed by him on the 2Oth October 
 1342. It will be remembered that the king took the town into his 
 own hands in 1344 and returned it to the burgesses in the following 
 year, when he altered the method of choosing the mayor, etc., from 
 that which formed part of the ordinances made by the commonalty 
 on the Friday before Valentine's Day 1 342. 
 
 May 8. 
 
 Date of an order from the king at Henley, to the mayor and 
 bailiffs of Newcastle, to proclaim the conclusion of peace with 
 Flanders, including free passage for ships and the right to carry on 
 commercial intercourse without hindrance. 
 
 December 3. 
 
 The king orders proclamation to be made in Newcastle and other 
 towns, that, with the assent of his council, he has given leave to 
 merchants from Portugal to come into the kingdom and exercise their 
 calling, paying the accustomed duties, etc., and warning all his subjects 
 to offer them no molestation, violence, or damage. 
 
 December 17. 
 
 Hugh Makson of Newcastle, and Christiana his wife, grant to 
 
 Richard of Barnard Castle, clerk, a messuage in the North Bailey, 
 
 Durham. Witnesses Adam Tabeler, chaplain, William Orchard, 
 clerk, etc. 
 
 December 21. 
 
 The king hearing that divers merchants, having ships suitable for 
 ocean navigation, propose to sell them to foreigners, issues a procla- 
 mation forbidding such sale, and orders the mayor and bailiffs of 
 Newcastle to make it known.
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 181 
 
 1372. 
 
 45 and 46 EDWARD III. 
 Bishop of Durham Thomas Hatfield. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs of Newcastle till Michaelmas Still "The 
 same," according to Bourne, as in 1370. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs elected at Michaelmas : 
 Mayor William Acton. 
 
 Bailiffs Bulkham > J onn Howden, 
 
 ' I Thomas Woodman, Robert Plummer. 
 
 (See 1373.) 
 
 N the parliament which was convened to meet at 
 Westminster on the I3th October, and by pro- 
 rogation on the 3d November, Newcastle was 
 represented by 
 
 Robert Angerton and Lawrence Acton, 
 
 who received 7/. 8s. for thirty-seven days' attendance, 
 at the customary fee of 2s. each per day. The Commons petitioned 
 the king to ordain that the staple of wool, etc., should be at Calais and 
 nowhere else. The king replied that he would ordain the staple to be 
 held where it appeared to him best, as advised by his council. 
 
 January 20. 
 
 Date of the will of William Menville, high sheriff of Durham in 
 1363 and 1370, and lord of Horden, in the parish of Easington, who, 
 dying at the early age of thirty, a widower with one daughter 
 (Isabella, afterwards wife of Sir William Claxton), bequeathed to the 
 four orders of Brethren in Newcastle, and the Friars Minor of 
 Hartlepool, 50 marks, in equal portions, and to the Friars Minor 
 of Newcastle, a special legacy of 5/. 
 
 February 7. 
 
 Royal mandate to James Lyons, sergeant-at-arms, and William 
 Acton of Newcastle, who, by the writ of i6th May 1370, were 
 appointed to press ships in the waters of Northumberland and 
 Durham for the passage of the king and his troops on a foreign 
 expedition, commanding them to have vessels ready on the ist of 
 May at Southampton. 
 
 13
 
 1 82 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 March 28. 
 
 Another proclamation ordered by the king to be made in New- 
 castle by the mayor and bailiffs of the town respecting peace with 
 Ludwig, count of Flanders. A similar order is dated i8th July. 
 
 September 24. 
 
 John Ogle, making his will on this date, and desiring burial in the 
 churchyard of the Friars Minor at Hartlepool, bequeaths 20 marks 
 to the four orders of mendicant friars in Newcastle, of which the 
 Augustines are to receive 3 marks. 
 
 Inquisition held at Newcastle for proof of the age of Walter, 
 son and heir of Henry Tailboys, deceased. Robert Lowther deposed 
 that the said Walter was twenty-one years old on the feast of the 
 Purification last past [February 2] ; that he was born at Hephal 
 [Hepple], and baptised in the church of Rothbury. Similar testimony 
 from John of Wallington, John Lawson, and William Hydewyn. 
 
 Inquisition taken after the death of Roger Widdrington, when it 
 was found that he died seised of manors or lands in various parts of 
 Northumberland. He was a son of John, lord of Widdrington, and 
 Christian, daughter of Sir Adam Swinburne, knight. By his marriage 
 with Elizabeth, only daughter of Richard Acton of Newcastle and 
 Maud, daughter of Richard Emeldon (see 1333), he acquired consider- 
 able property, and added largely to the estates of his ancestors. He 
 was at the battle of Neville's Cross, where he took one Makepeth 
 prisoner ; in 1361 filled the office of sheriff of Northumberland ; was 
 party in 1367 to an indenture of truce between England and Scotland ; 
 and in 1369 and 1371 occupied the important post of a warden of the 
 marches. After his death, his widow, Elizabeth Acton, married Sir 
 Elibrand, or Alexander, Hilton, lord of Hilton, in the county of 
 Durham. 
 
 1373- 
 
 46 and 47 EDWARD III. 
 Bishop of Durham Thomas Hatfield. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs Bourne has for the fourth time " The same " 
 as in 1369, making five years in succession that Angerton, Thomas 
 Graper, Ruffan, Bulkham, and Whitgrave were in office. But
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 183 
 
 Brand quotes a deed in All Saints' vestry, showing that in the 47 
 Edward III., which commenced 25th January 1373, those officers 
 were 
 
 William Acton Mayor. 
 
 John Bulkham, 
 Thomas Woodman, 
 
 John Howden, ) .,.. 
 r u 4. ri \ Bailiffs. 
 
 Robert Plummer, ) 
 
 This list is confirmed as regards Acton, Bulkham, and Howden, 
 by a deed published in the Archaologia sEliana (Old Series, vol. iii., 
 p. 84), quoted herein, under date 20th August, pointing to the 
 conclusion that Acton and his colleagues were elected at Michaelmas 
 1372. 
 
 ARLIAMENT assembled at Westminster in Novem- 
 ber. 
 
 Nicholas Sabram and Lawrence Acton 
 
 were returned by the burgesses of Newcastle as 
 their representatives. 
 
 August 20. 
 
 Margery, daughter of Gilbert Fleming, gave, conceded, and in her 
 own writing affirmed to John Chambers an annual rent of 135. 4d. 
 arising out of a tenement in the Fisher Gate, Newcastle, to have and 
 to hold, etc., to the said John and his heirs, etc., for ever. And the 
 said John willed and gave for his heirs, etc., that if the aforesaid 
 Margery, her heirs, etc., within four years next following, pay or 
 cause to be paid to the aforesaid John, his heirs, etc., in Newcastle, 4/. 
 in silver, the said rent charge shall revert and remain to the aforesaid 
 Margery, her heirs, etc., and the writing aforesaid shall become void. 
 Witnesses William Acton, mayor ; John Bulkham, John Howden, 
 Robert [Plummer ?], bailiffs ; Richard Stanhope, John Stanhope, and 
 others. 
 
 October 20. 
 
 Date of an order from the king addressed to amongst others 
 the mayor and bailiffs of Newcastle, commanding proclamation to be 
 made, that no person, of whatsoever quality or condition, may export 
 wine out of the kingdom without special license, under pain of 
 forfeiting the wine. 
 
 In a deed in All Saints' vestry, dated this year, the name of 
 " Payntor Hugh " [the narrow lane from Pilgrim Street to the foot of 
 Dean Street] occurs.
 
 1 84 
 
 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 1374- 
 
 47 and 48 EDWARD III. 
 Bishop of Durham Thomas Hatfield. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs of Newcastle till Michaelmas Uncertain. 
 Bourne repeats the names of the mayor and bailiffs of 1369, or rather 
 enters his doubtful words " The same," for the sixth time. In this 
 instance we have evidence to the contrary, though not sufficiently 
 precise to enable the date of election to be accurately fixed. A 
 deed quoted by Hodgson Monboucher to Frost and printed 
 further on, shows that the high offices of the town were held, at 
 some time this year, by 
 
 John Bulkham Mayor. 
 
 Thomas Graper, 
 Thomas Woodman, 
 
 TU v MU 
 
 Thomas Tnlbye 
 
 . ) 
 \ 
 , J 
 
 Unfortunately, there is no date to the deed, and it cannot be ascer- 
 tained whether they were elected at Michaelmas 1373, or at the same 
 period in 1374. 
 
 August 31. 
 
 RAND quotes from Bishop Hatfield 's Register, under 
 this date, the institution of Matthew Bolton to the 
 vicarage of St. Nicholas, Newcastle, on the presen- 
 tation of the king ; the see of Carlisle, wherein the 
 patronage was vested, being vacant. He states that 
 Bolton was vicar in 1353, and was cited to reside in 
 1372 ; but no explanation is forthcoming of the 
 
 reason why he was instituted in the present year if he was already 
 
 vicar twenty years before. 
 
 September 24. 
 
 Died this day, " in the ninth hour," John Bland, master of the 
 hospital of St. Mary Magdalen, at the Barras Bridge. Bourne says 
 that he was a man of a fair character and good reputation. His body 
 was buried near the high altar on the north side of the chancel in 
 St. Mary Magdalen's Chapel. " He was a great benefactor to this 
 hospital, as appears from his charity and generosity in the first year 
 of his mastership. For whereas Lawrence Acton had the said hospital 
 in perpetuity for himself, his heirs, and assigns, this worthy man paid 
 for in his own right 40 marks to the said Lawrence ; and the said
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 185 
 
 Lawrence had the first-fruits belonging to the said hospital, which 
 yearly amounted to the sum of 200 marks. One Richard Sperman 
 had an annual pension from the said hospital of 8 marks, which 
 pension the above-mentioned gentleman, in the second year of his 
 mastership, bought out for the said hospital. He also the same year 
 freed the said hospital from an annual pension which was payable to 
 Hugh Mitford. [One Hugh Mitford occurs in 1380 as the owner of a 
 tenement in Gateshead, and in 1387 as a commissioner appointed to 
 inquire into some drainage near Gainsborough, where Bertram 
 Mitford of Mitford had lands.] The same master of this hospital, in 
 this same year following, built in the said hospital a consistory, a 
 stable, and a bier, and made in the quire two new windows facing the 
 south of the said chapel, besides a number of other good and generous 
 charities which he bestowed upon this hospital. The same gentleman 
 proves judicially in the king's court that the mayor and commonalty 
 of Newcastle-upon-Tyne did assign, present, and induct the master of 
 the said hospital. He was master of the said hospital about five 
 years." 
 
 Bertram Monboucher, knight, and Christiana his wife, convey to 
 William Frost of Newcastle a tenement, etc., in the Market-gate, 
 rendering annually 26s. Sd., etc. Witnesses John Bulkham, mayor ; 
 Thomas Graper, Thomas Woodman, Lawrence Acton, and Thomas 
 Trilbye, bailiffs ; Nicholas Sabram, John Howden, John Hewell, 
 Robert Daunt, Henry Scott, and others. 
 
 1375- 
 
 48 and 49 EDWARD III. 
 Bishop of Durham Thomas Hatfield. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs of Newcastle till Michaelmas : Uncertain. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs elected at Micliaclmas : 
 
 Mayor William Scott. 
 
 ..._ f John Stanhope, John Ru flan, 
 
 UljrS > \ Thomas Graper, John Byker.
 
 1 86 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 July 28. 
 
 HE king, at the request of Robert Hailes, prior of the 
 hospital of St. John of Jerusalem, granted a charter 
 of exemplification of several charters to the town of 
 Newcastle. Brand states that this charter is in 
 the archives of the corporation, but the seal is 
 wanting. 
 
 Inquisition held at Newcastle for proof of age of Robert, son of 
 Robert, son of Robert Ogle. Various witnesses depose that he was 
 born at Callerton on the feast of the conception of the Virgin [8th 
 December] 1353 ; and amongst them were John Brampton, Robert 
 Bellingham, William Hedwyn, and John Ogle, who recollected the 
 day because they were in Newcastle in the company of Robert, father 
 of the child, when news was brought to him of the birth of his son, 
 and he gave the messenger a horse for his labour. 
 
 Henry Gategang (rector of Belton, Lincolnshire, son of John, son of 
 Gilbert Gategang of Gateshead), heir of his brother John .[see 1340,] 
 and John of Barnard Castle, convey to John Dolphanby land in 
 Gateshead, lying between land of Sir Thomas Surtees, knight, on the 
 south, and the street called Hillgate on the north, and in length from 
 the king's highway [High Street] on the west, to the land of Robert 
 Beltoft, etc. Witnesses William Gategang and others. 
 
 Bertram Monboucher conveys to Henry Bingfield, for nine years, 
 rendering annually i6s. 8d., all his lands in Shieldfield, within the 
 lordship of Byker, and in Patoun Field. 
 
 William Selby of Newcastle, and Agnes his wife, give to John 
 Mitford all their lands in a street called Newgate, in Morpeth. 
 
 1376. 
 
 49 and 50 EDWARD III. 
 Bishop of Durham Thomas Hatfield. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs of Newcastle till MicJiaelmas : 
 William Scott Mayor. 
 
 John Stanhope, John Ruffan, ) ^ .,. 
 
 Thomas Graper, John Byker, J
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 187 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs elected at Michaelmas : 
 Mayor John Bulkham. 
 
 Bailiffs J Lawrence Acton, Robert Plummer, 
 
 ' { Thomas Horton, William Durham. 
 
 But a deed quoted by Hodgson (vol. ii., part 2, p. 494) has the 
 names of the bailiffs Lawrence Acton, John Howden, John Howell, 
 and William Plummer. 
 
 ARLIAMENT was ordered to meet on the I2th 
 February, and by prorogation on the 28th April. 
 
 Nicholas Sabram and Lawrence Acton 
 
 again represented Newcastle. They were ninety 
 days in attendance, and received for payment, at 2s 
 a-day, i8/. During this parliament a petition was 
 presented to the king and his council by the mayor and commonalty 
 of Newcastle, against whom an assize had been taken by the prior of 
 the hospital of St. John of Jerusalem. On the suppression of the 
 order of Knights' Templars the vill of Fenham had been granted by 
 parliament, as part of the possessions of that order, to the hospitallers 
 of St. John, but the burgesses of Newcastle claimed it as their free tene- 
 ment, parcel of the town, and held in farm of the crown from time 
 immemorial. The petitioners say that in 1357 the prior of Tynemouth 
 had claimed Fenham as part of his manor of Elswick, but the petitioners 
 had asserted their rights and successfully maintained them. They 
 add that the suit of the prior of St. John had been compassed by 
 subtlety, in disinheritance of the crown, and in default of the mayor 
 and commonalty, by alliance between the said prior and the men of 
 the country, as well by the sheriff and his officers as by jurors em- 
 pannelled in the assize. They remind the king of the previous inquiry 
 and its results, and state that " commission " of this matter was made 
 by advice of the chancellor by Thomas Middleton, and at Candlemas 
 last past was ready to be sealed ; that they have been continually to 
 the chancellor, from Candlemas till the ninth day before Easter, to 
 have the said commission ; that the chancellor promised day after day 
 to deliver it to them and has not yet done so. They therefore pray 
 that as a matter of charity, and in salvation of the rights of the crown 
 and of the mayors and commonalty of Newcastle, the chancellor be 
 ordered to seal the said commission and deliver it to them ; and that 
 command be given to the justices of the special assize that they 
 proceed no further until impartial justices have inquired into the
 
 i88 
 
 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 rights of the crown, according to the purport of the commission made 
 by the said Thomas, by advice of the chancellor and of the council. 
 The reply of the council was, that a remedy was being supplied by a 
 bill in parliament. 
 
 December 16. 
 
 Date of a writ from the king to the mayor and bailiffs of New- 
 castle, and other places, ordering proclamation to be made, that the 
 staple and wool, etc., exported is now at Calais, as the king and 
 parliament had ordained. 
 
 1377- 
 
 50 and 51 EDWARD III. and i RICHARD II. 
 
 Bishop of Durham Thomas Hatfield. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 
 John Bulkham Mayor. 
 
 Lawrence Acton, 
 Thomas Horton, 
 
 [This is Bourne's List, but see previous year.] 
 
 Robert Plummer, 
 William Durham 
 
 \Battiffs 
 ) j 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs elected at Michaelmas " The same," says 
 Bourne. 
 
 HE last of the parliaments of Edward III. met at 
 Westminster on the 2/th January. 
 
 Thomas Chambers and John Howell 
 
 were the members selected by the burgesses of 
 Newcastle. They were fifty-one days in attendance, 
 and received io/. 45. for their services. The king 
 died at Shene on Sunday, 2ist June, and was succeeded by his 
 grandson, Richard II., son of the Black Prince, whose reign dates from 
 the following day. Richard's first parliament met at Westminster 
 on the 1 3th October, when Newcastle was represented by 
 
 John Bulkham, the mayor, and Richard Stanhope, 
 
 who were paid for seventy days, at 2s. per day, I4/. At this last- 
 named parliament a petition was presented from the lieges of the 
 counties of Cumberland, Northumberland, and Westmorland, stating 
 that theirs are the nearest counties adjoining the march of Scotland,
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 189 
 
 and their great surety and refuge lie in the safe keeping of the city 
 and castle of Carlisle, of Newcastle, Roxburgh, and Berwick, which 
 towns and castles are so ruinous and feeble, that they will not be able 
 to afford succour or defence in resisting their enemies if they are not 
 repaired. " For which, may it please your royal Majesty, as well in 
 the repairing of the said towns and castles, as in providing sufficient 
 constables to dwell therein, graciously to ordain a remedy." 
 
 January 12. 
 
 Date of a license from the bishop of Durham to the parochial 
 chaplains of St. Andrew's, Newcastle, authorising them to build in the 
 churchyard. The bishop states that representations having been 
 made to him that the chapel of St. Andrew is more than usually 
 destitute of chaplains, priests-choral, and ornaments ; and being 
 pleased with the pious proposals submitted for his approval, he gives 
 special license to erect honest buildings in the churchyard, and to 
 apply the rents and profits .of the same to the uses of the chapel ; 
 reserving, however, ample space for cemetery purposes, and saving 
 also the rights and dignity of the bishop and cathedral church of 
 Durham, and of the parish church of St. Nicholas. 
 
 May 22. 
 
 Alicia Carleton, daughter of Adam Redhead, grants to Thomas 
 Thribley of Newcastle, a rent of 303. a-year out of tenements which 
 Robert Koy holds of her in Morpeth. Witnesses John Bulkham, 
 mayor ; Lawrence Acton, John Howden, John Howell, and William 
 Plummer, bailiffs, and others. 
 
 November 4. 
 
 The nuns of St. Bartholomew in Newcastle continued refractory, 
 and on this date the bishop of Durham issues from London a 
 monition to the prioress and community of the convent, on behalf ot 
 Lady Idoma Staunford. This lady, one of the sisters of the convent, 
 had absented herself on grounds which appeared to the bishop just 
 and reasonable, and he had supported her request to be re-admitted. 
 The community, however, refused to receive the lady, "in manifest 
 contempt of us, and to the great prejudice of the said Idoma." The 
 bishop orders them, by virtue of their obedience, and under pain of 
 the greater excommunication, to comply with Idoma's request ; and 
 warns them that any further obstinacy on their part will be sharply 
 and severely punished. A commission was at the same time granted 
 to the bishop's suffragan to proceed against the house. 
 
 John Hewell of Newcastle gives 20 marks for royal license to
 
 190 
 
 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 assign to a chaplain for performing the divine office at the altar of the 
 Holy Trinity of blessed John the Evangelist, in that town, three 
 messuages and a toft, with their appurtenances, held of the king in 
 free burgage. 
 
 Accounts of a poll-tax of 4d. a-head levied this year by authority 
 of parliament, provide a basis for estimating with tolerable accuracy 
 the population of Newcastle and other towns in the kingdom. Mr. 
 Hodgson Hinde has pointed out that by adding to the number liable 
 to the tax, as they appear in the summary of the collectors' returns, 
 one-half more, as a proportionate allowance for children under 
 fourteen, we obtain tables of population almost as accurate as the 
 periodical census of modern times. In Newcastle the number taxed 
 was 2647, which gives a total population of 3970. Adopting the same 
 method of calculation, the towns and cities larger than Newcastle will 
 appear as follows: London, 34,971 ; York, 10,872; Bristol, 9517; 
 Plymouth, 7255; Coventry, 7225; Norwich, 5928; Lincoln, 535Q; 
 Salisbury, 4839; Lynn, 4690; Colchester, 4433; Beverley, 3994; 
 Newcastle, 3970. The county of Durham does not appear in the list. 
 
 1378. 
 
 i and 2 RICHARD II. 
 Bishop of Durham Thomas Hatfield. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs "The same" throughout the year as in 1376, 
 if Bourne's List could be relied upon. 
 
 PARLIAMENT assembled at Gloucester in October. 
 Newcastle sent thither 
 
 Richard Stanhope and William Bishopdale. 
 
 March 24. 
 
 Dating his license from Auckland on this day, 
 the bishop of Durham permits Margaret York, a 
 recluse in the nunnery of St. Bartholomew, Newcastle, to choose a 
 confessor to whom she might confess her sins whensoever her 
 conscience should incline her thereto, and receive from his hands 
 absolution and salutary penance. 
 
 April 1 6. 
 Commission from the bishop of Durham, by his suffragan, to
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 191 
 
 William Hedvvin, parish chaplain in the church of St. Andrew, New- 
 castle, instructing him to inquire as to the alleged refusal of the 
 official of the archdeacon of Northumberland to admit John Careaway 
 to partake of the Sacrament during the Paschal festival in that church 
 the object of the inquiry being the restoration of Careaway to 
 Christian privileges. 
 
 April 20. 
 
 Date of the will (proved 27th May) of Margaret, relict of Sir 
 John Eure, knight, made in Newcastle, where the lady appears to have 
 resided. Directs that her body be buried in the choir of the church of 
 the Preaching Friars, or Dominicans, near the West Gate. Bequeaths 
 to Robert Gategang, for masses for her soul, 5 marks ; to William 
 Laton, prior of the Dominicans, 5 marks ; to John Galloway, chaplain, 
 5 marks ; to the convents of the Friars Minor, Augustines, and 
 Carmelites in Newcastle, 2os. each ; to every priest of the order of 
 Preaching Friars there, I2d., to every brother of the said order not a 
 priest, 6d. ; to brother John Whittingham of the Augustines, 2os. ; 
 various bequests of plate, linen, and apparel to John Galloway, William 
 Laton, Sir Thomas Surtees, knight, and the house of the Preaching 
 Friars ; residue to her executors Prior William Laton, John Sad- 
 berge, Robert Heron, and John Galloway. 
 
 June 10. 
 
 The king, " for the keeping of the boon of peace, love, and concord, 
 for the maintenance of law, and for the benefit and bettering of the 
 town, which is set in so many perils and adversities," renewed the 
 ordinances made by the commonalty of Newcastle, on the Friday 
 before Valentine's day 1342, and confirmed by Edward III. on the 
 2oth October in that year. These had been revoked in 1344, and 
 renewed in 1371. 
 
 August 15. 
 
 Died, Sir John Strivelyn (or Stirling), knight, who married, first, 
 Barbara one of the three daughters and co-heirs of Adam Swinburne, 
 with whom he received extensive estates in the northern counties ; and 
 secondly, Jane, third daughter of Richard Emeldon, who added to his 
 possessions various properties in Newcastle, Jesmond, and the county 
 of Northumberland. In 1335 the king made him sheriff of Edinburgh 
 and governor of the castle there, and granted him in fee all the lands 
 and tenements in Belsay, Burton, Preston, Harnham, and Newcastle, 
 and elsewhere in Northumberland, which had belonged to John 
 Middleton, a rebel. In 1339 he had a grant of 200 marks a-year out 
 of the customs of Newcastle and Hartlepool, till such times as land of
 
 1 92 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 that value could be obtained for him in England, and afterwards he 
 received various manors in satisfaction of his annuity. The inquisi- 
 tions after his death found him enfeoffed, conjointly with his wife, in 
 Cumberland and in Belsay, and other estates of the Middletons, to 
 themselves and their issue, with remainder to his issue, remainder 
 again to John Middleton and Christiana his wife. (See 1396.) In 
 Jesmond, the lands at " Emeldon " and other possessions, which were 
 his wife's inheritance, he was enfeoffed, conjointly with her, to him and 
 her and their issue. (See 1391.) He died childless. Hodgson, who 
 publishes a pedigree of the Middleton family, adds that Strivelyn 
 resided much in the county, as is plain from the frequency of his 
 name as a witness to charters ; and the high consideration in which he 
 was held may be inferred from his generally standing at the head of 
 the lists of such witnesses. 
 
 August 27. 
 
 The bishop of Durham issues a dispensation, confirming " Sir " 
 Peter Angrym as chaplain of the chantry and altar of the blessed 
 Katherine in St. Nicholas' Church, to which he had long before been 
 presented by the mayor and bailiffs of Newcastle, the patrons. 
 
 October 6. 
 
 The bishop of Durham grants to William Brantingham, master of 
 St. Edmund's Hospital, Gateshead, and his successors, three cottages 
 lying within the ground of the hospital, which had escheated to the 
 see of Durham. Brand by mistake assigns this grant to Bishop 
 Skirlaw, who was not appointed till twelve years afterwards. But the 
 document itself is published in the Allan Tracts from the rolls of 
 Bishop Hatfield, " 6th October, in the 34th year of our pontificate." 
 
 November 4. 
 
 A license of mortmain granted at this date to the master and 
 brethren of the Virgin Mary Hospital throws additional light upon the 
 foundation of the chantry of St. Thomas in All Saints' Church, 
 attributed to John Pulhore, clerk. Brand epitomises the document as 
 follows: "King Edward III. having granted a license to one Allan 
 Pulhore of Newcastle, to assign a rent of loos, out of three messuages 
 in that town (held of the crown in burgage, by a service of 6d. per 
 annum), to a chaplain to perform daily service in a chantry, in All 
 Saints' Church in that town, for the souls of all the faithful, and which 
 the said Allan having neglected to perform, the king, by letters patent, 
 had made a similar grant to John [in 1345], the son and heir of the 
 said Allan. This John, by virtue of the royal license, had assigned 
 the said rents to this fraternity [St. Mary's Hospital] for the above
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 193 
 
 purpose ; and they had been seised of them till, on the tenements 
 becoming empty, they could no longer be raised out of them. Upon 
 which the said John, unwilling that the chantry should go down, had 
 assigned the three messuages themselves, instead of the rents, to this 
 fraternity, to be by them maintained and repaired ; but being in 
 possession without the royal license, the king, in consideration of a 
 fine of io/. to be paid him by William Norton, master, and the 
 brethren of this house, had granted them a license of mortmain, and 
 confirmed to the said house the gift of the messuages in lieu of the 
 rents, for the purposes before related, 4th Nov. 1378." (See pp. 127 
 and 148.) 
 
 December 12. 
 
 License from the bishop of Durham to Richard Stanhope, burgess 
 of Newcastle, to settle his lands in Great and Little Usworth, on trust 
 for himself and wife and his own right heirs. Stanhope, mayor and 
 M.P., was the second husband of Alice, heiress of Usworth, by whom 
 she had at least one son, named John. After his death she married 
 for her third husband Thomas Moderby. 
 
 1379- 
 
 2 and 3 RICHARD II. 
 Bishop of Durham Thomas Hatfield. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs of Newcastle till Michaelmas " The same." 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs elected at Michaelmas : 
 
 Mayor Richard Stanhope. 
 
 r> -i-c f Adam York, 
 
 Bailiffs, \ ' 
 
 (. Thomas Moi 
 
 William Bishopdale, 
 
 Morden, Robert Oliver. 
 
 N the parliament summoned to meet at Westminster, 
 24th April, no return for Newcastle appears. The 
 question of the profits of the subsidy and custom on 
 wool in the North of England was considered during 
 this session, on a petition from the Commons, which 
 stated that by reason of the intercommunication 
 between the realms of England and Scotland, the 
 greater part of the wools of York, Durham, Westmorland, Cumber- 
 land, and Northumberland (except a small quantity shipped at 
 Berwick), paying to custom and subsidy 1 1 marks per sack, were 
 taken into Scotland without paying anything to the king for the said
 
 i 9 4 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 subsidy or custom ; and whereas the king ought to have received 
 a large sum for such subsidy and custom upon the wools taken to 
 Newcastle annually, he had for the last two years obtained nothing, 
 as the accounts of the customers of that port fully show. The king 
 ordered that due remedy should be ordained for this state of things, 
 by the advice of his council. 
 
 June 6. 
 
 The king sends his mandate to Thomas Percy, admiral of the 
 northern parts, and others. In the parliament recently held at West- 
 minster the Commons have petitioned the king and council that, 
 considering the serious peril in which the town of Scarborough and 
 the neighbouring coast are placed by incursions from French men-of- 
 war, they will order and assign vessels of war to guard the said town 
 and coast. And the petition having been considered, with the 
 assistance and advice of merchants in London and from the northern 
 coasts, the king ordains that two ships, two barges, and two ballingers, 
 armed and arrayed for war, shall be provided for such service. The 
 cost is to be defrayed by various levies upon vessels passing through 
 the admiralty jurisdiction of the north ; amongst them a tax every 
 quarter of a-year upon all ships and vessels passing by sea within the 
 said admiralty, laden with coals from Newcastle, of whatsoever 
 tonnage they may be, for each " ton tight," sixpence. The surveyors 
 and controllers of this tax in Newcastle are named by the king 
 William Bishopdale and Robert Oliver. 
 
 November 4. 
 
 Raymond, master-general of the Preaching Friars, grants to the 
 prioress and nuns of St. Bartholomew, Newcastle, in life, in peril, 
 or in death, special participation in all the masses, sermons, preach- 
 ings, fastings, vigils, and other good works of his order. 
 
 Bourne quotes under this year the will of John Coke of Newcastle, 
 who died at Norham, and was brought home and buried in St 
 Nicholas' Church. He bequeathed to the Carmelites a quantity of 
 iron ; to the Black Friars, 26s. 8d. ; to the Franciscans, 2os. ; to the 
 Augustines, 2Os. ; to the high altar of St. Nicholas, 2os. ; to the altar 
 of St. Mary, in the same church, 6s. 8d. ; to the building of the window 
 in the choir of St. Nicholas', 2os. [the great east window ? ] ; to the 
 building of the bridge at Warkworth, in case it was built within two 
 years after the making of his will, 20 marks, and in case it was not so 
 built, the money to go to the bridge of Bolbec ; to William of Durham, 
 his girdle and 2OS. ; to a number of poor men, 27 dozen of russet, etc.
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 
 
 195 
 
 He also left money to chaplains for masses. Bourne leaves the 
 amount blank ; Brand fills up the blank with 3O/. The will closely 
 resembles that of Nicholas Coke in 1 369. 
 
 John Bathre, rector of Gateshead, resigned his living this year. 
 
 1380. 
 
 3 and 4 RICHARD II. 
 
 Bishop of Durham Thomas Hatfield. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs of Newcastle " The same " writes Bourne. 
 
 ARLIAMENT met at Westminster in January, 
 was convened for the i6th, and 
 
 It 
 
 Nicholas Sabram and John Howell 
 
 attended as members for Newcastle. They received 
 payment for sixty-four days' attendance, at 2s. each, 
 I2/. 1 6s. Another parliament assembled at Nor- 
 thampton in November ; but it is not known if Newcastle was repre- 
 sented there. 
 
 March 27. 
 
 The Black Friars of Newcastle received a license from the bishop 
 of Durham, signed at Auckland on this day, to celebrate mass as well 
 for the living as the dead, in the parish church of St. Nicholas, and the 
 chantries thereto belonging, on asking leave of the vicar, although 
 such leave should be refused them. The bishop enjoins that the vicar 
 shall not by himself or his men place impediments in their way 
 without reasonable cause. The Friars on their part are not to act so 
 as to cause any injury to the parish church or the parishioners, and 
 they are especially to avoid giving occasion for the secular chaplains 
 absenting themselves at matins, or during other canonical hours. ' 
 
 August 28. 
 
 Date of a deed by which Katherine Fossour, " who was the wife of 
 John Bishopdale," releases to Masters William of Lanchester, vicar of 
 St. Oswald's, Durham, and William Greystones, chaplain, all right 
 which she had in the lands, tenements, etc., which formerly were 
 William Sire's, in Gateshead, Whickham, and Hebburn. Witnesses 
 Robert Oliver of Newcastle, John Elvet of Durham, Gilbert his son, 
 Hugh of Corbridge, and others. Hodgson quotes a deed of this year
 
 196 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 which mentions a tenement in Gateshead let to Henry Scott, 
 burgess of Newcastle, boundering on the north by the Tyne, and on 
 the west by a tenement of Hugh Mitford ; and another tenement 
 demised to the same Scott, and lying between the tenements of Hugh 
 Mitford on the north, and reaching from the king's highway in 
 Gateshead to the brink of the Tyne. 
 
 December 5. 
 
 Some of the community of Newcastle were involved in the capture 
 of a Scottish merchantman this year, in alleged violation of the truce 
 between the two nations. On the pth July the king orders the sheriff 
 of Northumberland and others to make inquisition as to the circum- 
 stances under which the vessel was taken, " and to our port of the 
 town of Newcastle led," and instructing them to hold the ship in safe 
 and secure custody without diminution or abstraction of her cargo, in 
 order that she may be restored to the Scots. A writ to the admiral of 
 the fleet in the north, dated i6th July, describes the vessel as belonging 
 to North Berwick, in Scotland, and states that she was bound for 
 Flanders, under letters patent from the Earl of Northumberland, 
 warden of the marches, and was captured at Bridlington Hope. On 
 the 22d August mandates are sent to the mayor and bailiffs, and the 
 good men of Newcastle, and to Hull and Lynn, from which it appears 
 that the ship was captured by William Hilton, " and divers other men 
 and our lieges of the towns aforesaid." The authorities are to see that 
 the ship and her cargo are accounted for to the archbishop of York, 
 the Earl of Northumberland, and three others, so that restitution may 
 be made at the next conference on the marches. Finally, on the 5th 
 December, the king, for himself and his council in parliament, sends 
 his mandate to the mayor and bailiffs of Newcastle, stating that whereas 
 divers goods and merchandise belonging to Robert Grant and William 
 Fausyde, merchants of Scotland, among other goods, etc., of other 
 Scottish merchants, were, in a certain ship upon the high seas under 
 safe-conduct, arrested and detained, to the king's discredit and scandal, 
 and the no small damage and injury of the said merchants, and 
 against the form of truce, of which arrest and detention the warden of 
 the marches, on the I4th November, had promised to make compensa- 
 tion namely, to Robert Grant for his goods, etc., I33/. 6s. 8d., and to 
 William Fausyde 75/. 155. ; the king, being willing to do what is just, 
 commands and firmly enjoins the mayor and bailiffs to levy the 
 aforesaid sums upon those within the liberties of the town into whose 
 hands the goods, etc., aforesaid shall have come, and without delay- 
 pay it over to the said warden.
 
 NINTH DECADE 1381-90. 
 
 1381. 
 
 4 and 5 RICHARD II. 
 Bishops of Durham Thomas Hatfield and John Fordham. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs of Newcastle Uncertain. Another " The 
 
 same. 
 
 ARLIAMENT was summoned to meet at West- 
 minster on the 1 6th September, and by proroga- 
 tion on the 3d November. 
 
 William Bishopdale and John Bulkham 
 were the representatives of Newcastle. 
 
 April 1 8. 
 
 Thomas Musgrave, burgess of Newcastle, 
 conveys three messuages and two acres of land in Corbridge to John 
 Fayte of that place, " Sir " Peter Blonk, and " Sir " Adam of Cor- 
 bridge, chaplains. John Fayte occurs elsewhere about this time with 
 the prefix " Dominus," indicating a chantry priest, and the word 
 chaplains is intended most likely to describe all three. 
 
 May 8. 
 
 Bishop Hatfield died at his manor of Alford. " Like his prede- 
 cessor Bury, he maintained a princely hospitality, and dispensed a 
 daily and extended charity ; he was open, generous, and sincere ; to 
 his subjects, just and beneficent ; to his dependants, liberal and 
 indulgent. The cathedral owes some of its fairest ornaments to the 
 age of Hatfield. He raised the episcopal throne on the south side of 
 the choir, in the arch beneath which he prepared an altar tomb of 
 
 14
 
 198 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 white marble for the reception of his own remains. He thoroughly 
 repaired the castle of Durham ; he added a strong tower to its former 
 lines of defence, and rebuilt the bishop's hall and the constable's hall. 
 His body, attended by the bishop of Hereford and a numerous train, 
 was brought to Durham, and interred in the tomb which he had 
 prepared during his life." On the 3Oth May John Fordham secretary 
 to the king, and a canon of Lincoln, was elected his successor. 
 
 December 16. 
 
 John, Lord Neville, appointed keeper or warden of the east 
 marches, which are defined by the writ as bounded on the east, by 
 the sea ; and on the west, by the highway which extends from New- 
 castle to Roxburgh. The Earl of Northumberland is on the same 
 date appointed keeper of the middle marches, whose eastern boundary 
 is the highway above mentioned, and their western limit the line of 
 the west marches. 
 
 Sir Aymer Athol, knight, lord of Jesmond, was high sheriff of 
 Northumberland this year, and knight of the shire. Some account of 
 this personage will be found hereafter under the date 1392, when an 
 indulgence was granted to all the faithful who should, among other 
 things, pray for his health and the soul of his wife, in St. Andrew's 
 Church. 
 
 1382. 
 
 5 and 6 RICHARD II. 
 Bishop of Durham John Fordham. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs of Newcastle till Michaelmas Uncertain. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs elected at Michaelmas : 
 
 MayorWilliam Bishopdale. 
 
 Bailiffs $ Lawrence Acton, William Johnson, 
 
 ' I John Heworth, John Thornton. 
 
 A deed quoted on the next page, dated 13 2 (which may be 
 cither 1382 or 1392, for Bishopdale, in Bourne's List, occurs as mayor 
 in both those years), gives a different list of bailiffs namely, Lawrence 
 Acton,- Richard Scott, Thomas Mordon, and Robert Y .
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 199 
 
 O return for Newcastle appears in the list of members 
 sent to a parliament which met at Westminster in 
 May, but in one which assembled at the same place on 
 the 6th October, Newcastle was represented by 
 
 Sampson Harding and William Redmarshall. 
 
 The king's marriage with Annie of Bohemia this year is noticeable, 
 because it introduced into England and of course into Newcastle 
 the practice of ladies riding on horseback with side-saddles. Before 
 Queen Annie set this example ladies rode horses like men. 
 
 March 26. 
 
 Grant from the king to the new bishop of Durham. His Majesty 
 taking into consideration that the bishop has no lordship or vill near 
 London belonging to his episcopate where his horsemen can be lodged 
 when he comes to parliament or to the council, concedes to the bishop a 
 house at Stratford-atte-Bow, where the men of his family and his 
 horsemen may dwell freely and without impediment, as the men and 
 horsemen of the late bishop were accustomed to do. 
 
 In this year, or in 1392 (the third figure is wanting, and William 
 Bishopdale, mayor, one of the witnesses as before stated, was mayor in 
 both years), Adam Tang, burgess of Newcastle, conveys to Alice 
 Tang, his wife, his tenement called the Fold Hall, which he had by 
 gift of Robert Angerton, situate in the Melemarket Gate, between the 
 tenement which Beatrice of Bedlington holds in fee of the master 
 and brethren of the Virgin Mary Hospital on the south, and the 
 tenement which William Kellawe held in fee of " Sir " Peter Swayne, 
 chaplain, on the north, as it extends in length from the Melemarket 
 Gate to the front of the Westgate ; rendering to the heirs of Robert 
 Angerton 503. per annum. Witnesses William Bishopdale, mayor of 
 the town, Laurence Acton, Richard Scott, Thomas Mordon, and 
 Robert Y- , bailiffs of the same, \Villiam Ogle, chaplain and clerk, 
 and others. 
 
 1383. 
 
 6 and 7 RICHARD II. 
 Bishop of Durham John Fordham. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs of Newcastle See previous year. Bourne 
 makes them all to be re-elected at Michaelmas.
 
 200 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 i 
 
 WO parliaments were held this year. No information is 
 forthcoming as to the representation of Newcastle in 
 the first of them, which assembled at Westminster in 
 February. To the other, convened to meet at the 
 same place on the 26th October, the burgesses sent 
 
 John Bulkham and Robert Oliver. 
 
 May i. 
 
 The mayor and burgesses of Newcastle, disputing with the bishop 
 of Durham his rights upon Tyne Bridge, commenced to build a tower 
 on the bishop's part of the structure, and carried off to Newcastle two 
 stones, called St. Cuthbert's stones, which formed the ancient boundary 
 of the bishopric, claiming a right so to act under a charter of king 
 John. A trial in the King's Bench arose out of these high-handed 
 proceedings, and the mayor and burgesses lost their cause. (See the 
 year 1416.) 
 
 September 10. 
 
 The king writes to John Neville of Raby, that the town of New- 
 castle, facing the marches of Scotland, might be in great peril from 
 the enemy in case of war, and ought to be made the great refuge of the 
 kingdom for the king's faithful subjects in those parts. The king, 
 wishing to provide against the damages and perils which, by the malice 
 of the Scots and their adherents, might happen to the said town and 
 to the faithful lieges in those parts, and for the salvation of the town 
 and the marches in case the truce lately made between him and the 
 Scots should be infringed, appoints him (Neville) to inspect by him- 
 self and his deputies the condition of the town, and its walls, turrets, 
 ditch, and enclosures, and if necessary to have the same repaired by 
 those to whom that duty belongs, and to see that all men of the town, 
 between the ages of sixteen and sixty, according to their respective 
 positions, requirements, and abilities, are furnished with sufficient 
 arms, and for the safe custody of the town are arrayed and placed in 
 array, and so continue, in order that they may be ever prompt and 
 ready to resist the malice of the king's enemies, if they shall presume 
 to enter these parts. The king orders him to do and execute all 
 things whatsoever he shall see to be necessary for the salvation, 
 security, and fortification of the town ; and all and singular the 
 inhabitants or tenants of the town he shall compel and distrain to put 
 themselves in array as aforesaid, and to contribute to the fortification 
 of the town according to their ability, under penalty of incarceration of 
 their bodies, or in such other ways and modes as he shall consider
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 201 
 
 more expedient. The king also gives to the mayor and bailiffs, and 
 the whole community of the town, strict commandment that in the 
 execution of these premises they shall answer, advise, and help as 
 often as they shall be required. 
 
 December 28. 
 
 By a charter bearing this date the king, reciting the statute 9, 
 Edward III. (whereby it is enacted that any person may buy or sell, 
 in any part of the kingdom, notwithstanding any charter to the 
 contrary), and stating that Bishop Fordham had petitioned the king, 
 setting forth that his predecessors used to have a great annual profit 
 from coals within his bishopric and royal liberty of Durham, by ships 
 and vessels plying in the river Tyne, and that the men of Newcastle 
 hindered the bishop delivering his coals there ; grants that merchants 
 and all others may ply on any part of the river on the bishop's side, 
 and load and unload coals, merchandise, or any other things, and 
 carry them where they please without impediment from the men 
 of Newcastle, or any other persons whatsoever. Brand quotes this 
 under date 1384, although at the foot of the page (258, vol. ii.) he 
 quotes the original from the Murray MS., in which the date is given 
 as the 28th December, 7 Richard II. ; which shows that the charter 
 was granted in 1383. 
 
 1384. 
 
 7 and 8 RICHARD II. 
 Bishop of Durham John Fordham. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs The roll appears to have been very imperfect 
 during the latter half of this century. " The same " occurs frequently, 
 and for several years in succession. This year, according to Bourne, 
 the mayor and bailiffs of 1382 still continued in office. 
 
 Sheriff of Northumberland and keeper of Newcastle Henry, Earl 
 of Northumberland. 
 
 ARLIAMENT met twice this year; at Salisbury in 
 April and at Westminster in November. On both 
 occasions the members for Newcastle were 
 
 John Howell and Sampson Harding. 
 
 April 24. 
 Agreement between the Duke of Lancaster, lieutenant of the
 
 202 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 marches of Scotland, and Henry Percy, Earl of Northumberland, that 
 the latter shall dwell in the counties of Northumberland, Cumberland, 
 or upon the marches, from the ist May to the nth June next, to do 
 the best he can in defence and government of the marches, the town 
 of Berwick, and the castle of Carlisle, and in repelling the enemy, 
 receiving for himself and the garrisons of the said town and castle, 
 and the castle of Roxburgh, the sum of 4OOO/. in hand, and before the 
 last day of the present month of April, i666/. 133. 46., and the 
 remainder he shall be paid in Newcastle on the I5th May next. The 
 earl is to have powers by patent to array the men of the counties of 
 Northumberland, Cumberland, and Westmorland, to make truce of a 
 month or two with the enemy, and to summon the men of the liberties 
 of Lancashire and Durham, through their lords, to assemble and come 
 with all their power as he shall direct. The 6d. in the pound of value, 
 and 2s. per ton of weight, granted for the safeguard of the sea in the 
 admiralty of the north, may be spent upon the north sea, in repelling 
 the enemy, and in defence of the realm. 
 
 August 20. 
 
 One of the numerous miracles attributed to St. Oswin of Tyne- 
 mouth is said to have occurred at this date [the day of his feast] in 
 Newcastle. A sailor was cutting a piece of wood on board his ship 
 when he saw blood gush out of it in great abundance. Recollecting 
 the festival he ceased work, but a companion of his, regardless of the 
 miracle, persisted in his business, and the wood, wherever he struck it, 
 bled like a sheep. The miracle was reported to the clergy, who, with 
 the laity, approving of it, the wood was carried to Tynemouth, where 
 the body of the saint reposed, to be preserved in testimony thereof. 
 
 October 20. 
 
 Mandate to the sheriff of Northumberland to cause proclamation 
 to be made in all the cities, boroughs, etc., within his bailiwick, of a 
 truce between England and France. 
 
 October 30. 
 
 The sheriff of Northumberland and others appointed to make 
 inquiry as to all manner of waste and destruction of houses, buildings, 
 walls, and towers, in the castles of Berwick, Roxburgh, and Newcastle, 
 during the past and present reign, and of all destruction and with- 
 drawal of artillery, of forfeitures, peculations, etc., of tenure?, liability 
 to replace and repair, etc., etc.
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 203 
 
 1385- 
 
 8 and 9 RICHARD II. 
 Bishop of Durham John Fordham. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs No change in the list from 1382. 
 
 PARLIAMENT was ordered to assemble at Westminster 
 on the 2Oth October. The members for Newcastle 
 were 
 
 Stephen Whitgray, or Whitgrave, and 
 Sampson Harding. 
 
 Two thousand French auxiliaries having landed in Scotland to aid 
 the Scottish king in attempting to drive the English over the Borders, 
 king Richard ordered a rendezvous of his army at Newcastle on the 
 I4th of July, and, according to Ridpath, placed himself at its head and 
 marched into Scotland. The Scots retreated, and Richard, finding 
 his stores exhausted, returned homeward, after burning Edinburgh 
 and Melrose. Meanwhile the Scots crossed the western border and 
 laid waste the country as far as Newcastle. No record of the king's 
 visit to Newcastle has been found, but in the royal mandate sent to 
 the bishop of Durham, and the other magnates of the kingdom, the 
 king states that he proposes to be at that town on the above named 
 date, and, with the help of God, to punish the rebellion, perfidy, and 
 iniquity of the Scots. 
 
 August 5. 
 
 The burgesses of Newcastle did not quietly acquiesce in the royal 
 order of December 1383, by which the king gave the bishop of 
 Durham power to moor vessels, and load and discharge coals and 
 other goods on the south si-de of the Tyne, without paying them any 
 duty. They brought an action against the bishop, and on this date a 
 writ was served upon him, ordering him to show cause why the mayor 
 and burgesses should not, according to the tenour of their charters, 
 have the whole water of Tyne from the sea to Hedwin Streams. 
 
 1386. 
 
 9 and 10 RICHARD II. 
 Bishop of Durham John Fordham. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs till Michaelmas According to Bourne, Bishop- 
 dale and his colleagues remained as elected in 1382.
 
 204 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs elected at Michaelmas 
 Mayor Adam (or John) Bulkham. 
 
 D -j-fc f Lawrence Acton, Robert Raynton, 
 
 ' 1 Sampson Harding, John Horton. 
 
 Bourne publishes the mayor's name as Adam Bulkham. A deed 
 signed on Thursday after the translation [8th July] of St. Thomas the 
 archbishop, 1388, contains his signature as "John" Bulkham. The 
 name of John Bulkham occurs frequently at this period " Adam " 
 appears only in this connection, and is probably a mistake for John. 
 
 N the parliament summoned to meet at Westminster on 
 the 1st October, Newcastle was represented by 
 
 Lawrence Acton and Philip Howell. 
 July 28. 
 
 License from the king to Thomas Mildecombe, taken prisoner by 
 the Scots, and held to ransom by Earl Douglas on payment of 400 
 quarters of corn and a barrel of wine, that he may collect his ransom 
 in the counties of York and Lincoln, and ship it from Newcastle, Hull, 
 Barton, Grimsby, and Boston, to Scotland. 
 
 October 13. 
 
 Proved at Durham the will of Alicia Elmeden (daughter and heiress 
 of John Chambers, formerly burgess of Newcastle), who made it on 
 the Sunday before the feast of St. Dionysius, with the full consent of 
 William Elmeden the younger, her husband. Directs her body to be 
 buried in the chapel of the blessed Mary of Elmeden. Bequeaths to 
 John Elmeden a tenement lying between the vennel that leads to the 
 house of the Black Friars, and the tenement of Robert Oliver in 
 Newcastle ; to William Elmeden, her husband, William, her husband's 
 father, Joanna his wife, and William Cotingham, parson of St. Mary's, 
 in the North Bailey, Durham, all lands, etc., which she has in the town 
 and territory of Newcastle. Other bequests to Joanna, her husband's 
 mother, and Joanna of Binchester. 
 
 A patent was issued this year for a rent-charge of 135. 4d., to the 
 vicar of Newcastle, Henry Headlam, arising out of a certain messuage 
 in that town.
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 205 
 
 1387. 
 
 10 and ii RICHARD II. 
 
 Bishop of Durham John Fordham. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 John Bulkham Mayor. 
 
 Lawrence Acton, Robert Raynton, ) p -,- 
 
 Sampson Harding, John Horton, J 
 
 The deed before mentioned substitutes the name of Thomas Her- 
 rington for that of Robert Raynton among the bailiffs. [See p. 207.] 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs elected at Michaelmas Uncertain. 
 
 Bourne's List contains an entry of "The same," meaning that 
 Bulkham and his coadjutors were re-elected. 
 
 January 15. 
 
 HOMAS BENTLEY, chaplain, Thomas Strother, 
 knight, son of Henry Strother, and Hugh Hawkin, 
 convey to Lawrence Acton, junior, all right in the 
 lands in Newcastle, Jesmond, Elswick, Cramlington, 
 etc., which belonged to Lawrence Acton, senior. 
 
 February 19. 
 
 Indenture between William, son of Alan Gategang of Gateshead, 
 (see page 137), and the prior and convent of Durham, by which the 
 former binds himself not to alienate his lands in Pipewellgate, except 
 to the said prior and convent, under a penalty of ioo/. sterling. 
 
 July 19. 
 
 An indulgence of forty days granted by the bishop of Durham at 
 Gateshead to those who aided in the reparation of St. Andrew's 
 Church, Newcastle, and prayed for the health of Sir Aymer Athol, 
 knight, and for the soul of his wife and son, in the chapel of the 
 Holy Trinity there. (See the years 1381 and 1392.)
 
 206 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 1388. 
 
 ii and 12 RICHARD n. 
 Bishops 'of Durham John Fordham and Walter Skirlaw. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs of Netvcastle till Michaelmas : 
 John Bulkham Mayor. 
 
 Lawrence Acton, Thomas Herrington, ) r> 'j'ff- 
 
 Sampson Harding, John Horton, I 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs elected at Michaelmas : 
 
 According to Bourne, Bulkham and his bailiffs were in office for 
 the third time, but a deed dated i6th January 1389, quoted by Mr. 
 Longstaffe in the Archceologia sEliana, contains the signatures of 
 
 Mayor Robert Raynton. 
 
 n -j-rr f Lawrence Acton, John Horton, 
 
 I John Aukland, Thomas Grindon. 
 
 ARLIAMENT met at Westminster in February, and at 
 Cambridge in September. 
 
 William Bishopdale and Sampson Harding 
 
 were the elect of Newcastle at the Westminster 
 session ; but in the roll of the Cambridge meeting there is no return 
 for that town. The parliament at Cambridge passed an act, " for 
 the punishment of them who cause corruption near a city or great 
 town to corrupt the air." It recited " that so much dung, and filth 
 of the garbage and intrails, as well of beasts killed as of other 
 corruptions, be cast and put in ditches, rivers, and other waters and 
 places," that the air was consequently infected ; " maladies [malarious ?] 
 and other intolerable diseases " were brought upon the inhabitants and 
 strangers, and some remedy for the evil was imperative. Proclamation 
 was therefore to be made for the removal before Michaelmas of all 
 such nuisances, under penalty of 20. The authorities were to see to 
 it. None of what condition soever were to be exempt. Any offender 
 might be called by writ before the Chancellor by persons endangered, 
 and punished at his discretion. Under this act a writ of the crown 
 was directed to the bailiffs of Newcastle, ordering them to make 
 proclamation to prevent the casting of filth into rivers, ditches, streets, 
 etc., and especially mentioning a road that led near the house of the 
 Augustine Friars, whose inhabitants had been subject to great annoy-
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 207 
 
 ance and peril by the quantity of excrement, filth, and garbage that 
 had been thrown there. [J. C.] 
 
 July 10. 
 
 William Swynhow conveys to William, son of William Durham, 
 draper, the tenement in Newcastle (see 1361) in which Robert 
 Tughale formerly lived, in the street called the Beremarket [Bigg 
 Market], as it lies in width between the tenement of the abbot of 
 Newminster on the north, and the tenement of the same abbot, which 
 was formerly Thomas Musgrave's, on the south, and in length, from 
 the king's highway to the garden of the vicar of Newcastle. Wit- 
 nesses John Bulkham, mayor; Lawrence Acton, Thomas Herrington, 
 Sampson Harding, and John Horton, bailiffs. 
 
 August 19 and 20. 
 
 Battle of Otterburn. The Scots, who had been planning revenge 
 for the burning of Edinburgh and other places by King Richard and 
 his army in 1385, availed themselves of Richard's disputes with his 
 uncle Gloucester and his parliament, and crossing the Border, under 
 command of James, Earl of Douglas, about the 7th August, swept 
 silently yet swiftly through Northumberland, forded the Tyne at 
 Newburn, and began to spoil the county of Durham. Sir Henry 
 Percy (Hotspur), warden of the marches, hearing of the incursion, 
 came with his brother Sir Ralph, and such men as he could raise, to 
 Newcastle, to try and arrest their progress. The Scots, having wasted 
 the bishopric, recrossed the Tyne, and marching down the north side 
 of the river, encamped on the south-west of Newcastle, about Friday, 
 I4th August. It is supposed that they occupied the high ground of 
 the Leazes. In the meantime, the local military forces had been 
 called together ; the country-people flocked in for protection, and 
 Newcastle was so full that, as Froissart relates, " they wist not where 
 to lodge." Frequent skirmishes took place outside the walls ; in one 
 of them Douglas and Hotspur had a hand to hand encounter, and the 
 former had not only the good fortune to unhorse his antagonist, but to 
 snatch from him his spear, with the silken pennon attached. Waving 
 the pennon over his head, Douglas threatened to carry it into 
 Scotland and plant it on his castle at Dalkeith. " That shalt thou 
 never accomplish, Earl Douglas," replied Percy. " Then you must 
 come," answered the other, " and seek it to-night, for I shall place it 
 in the ground before my tent, and we will see if you will venture to 
 take it away." By this time the friends of Hotspur gathered round 
 him and drew him within the gate [Newgate ?]. The Scots, em- 
 boldened by the feat of their leader, brought faggots and other 
 material, which they threw into the moat, and made an attempt to
 
 208 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 enter the town, but were beaten back with considerable loss. During 
 the night the Scots withdrew in the direction of Ponteland, surprising 
 in the early morning Sir Aymer Athol, who occupied a small tower 
 there, to the north of the church, and taking him prisoner. Before 
 nightfall they had reached the high ground above Otterburn Tower, 
 where they pitched their tents. This was on Tuesday the iSth, and 
 next day Sir Henry Percy, having received intelligence of Douglas's 
 proceedings, set out from Newcastle, through Ponteland, in pursuit of 
 him. Soon after, sunset he reached Otterburn, and fell unexpectedly 
 upon the Scottish army. The battle raged all night, and when 
 morning dawned the Scots were masters of the field. 
 
 "Thys fraye began at Otterborne 
 Bytwene the nyghte and the day : 
 Ther the Dowglas lost hys lyfe, 
 And the Percy was lede away." 
 
 Some hours after Hotspur had left Newcastle, the bishop of Durham, 
 with the principal forces of the bishopric and North Yorkshire, arrived 
 to assist the local troops in driving the invaders away. Learning that 
 the English soldiers had gone along the Ponteland road, he ordered 
 supper for his men, and as soon as it was over, followed in the same 
 track. But when morning rose, he met the retreating remnants of the 
 English forces, and learning the result of the conflict, returned with 
 his men to Newcastle. On their way back the Durham troop 
 captured Sir James Lindsay, and brought him a prisoner into the 
 town, where he was detained for some time. A conference was held 
 that evening in Newcastle, and many fresh troops having arrived, 
 it was determined to avenge the defeat of Otterburn next day. 
 Accordingly, when the morning came, the troops mustered on the 
 Sandhill, " before the bridge," and found that they numbered, horse 
 and foot, 10,000 men. Thereupon they marched up the town, through 
 the Newgate, and through Ponteland to the battle-field, the bishop 
 with them. But when they found the Scots ready to receive them, 
 and saw the strong position which the enemy occupied, the bishop 
 and his adherents considered discretion the better part of valour, and 
 for the second time marched back to Newcastle. An interesting 
 account of the battle was published by Mr. Robert White in 1847, 
 from which the greater part of the above summary is taken. 
 
 October 20. 
 
 John, Lord Neville of Raby, died in Newcastle, adding there, just 
 before his death, a codicil to his will, constituting his son, Sir Ralph 
 Neville, one of his executors. His body was buried in Durham 
 Cathedral, where his mutilated monument yet remains.
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 209 
 
 The bishop of Durham, who is said to have inflamed the passions 
 and precipitated the ruin of Richard II., was deprived, but was per- 
 mitted to retire to the see of Ely. Walter Skirlaw, bishop of Bath 
 and Wells, was translated to Durham, by papal bull dated the 3d of 
 April. 
 
 Alexander Neville, archbishop of York, was arrested at Shields for 
 high treason, as he was taking ship to go over sea. Two searchers in 
 the port of Newcastle, John Refham [same name as one of the bailiffs 
 in 1361] and Robert Rypon, discovered him, and delivered him into 
 the custody of the mayor and bailiffs. 3<D/. in money was found upon 
 him, which, by order of the king, dated 4th July, was granted to the 
 two searchers. Drake, in his Eboracum, does not mention this 
 capture. He states that when the Duke of Gloucester raised the 
 standard of revolt, the archbishop, as a friend of the king, was indicted 
 for high treason, and sentenced to perpetual imprisonment in Rochester 
 castle ; but in a poor priest's habit escaped from his palace at Cawood 
 and got beyond sea. Another authority admits the capture " in the 
 north," but adds that the archbishop was allowed to escape by the 
 people. It is pretty certain that he did escape, and after some 
 vicissitudes died in Louvain, as a parish priest and schoolmaster, in 
 1392. There are many pages of the proceedings against the arch- 
 bishop in the third volume of the rolls of parliament. 
 
 William Heron of Ford petitions the king and parliament, stating 
 that some Scottish horsemen, about two years before, in time of truce, 
 entered his lands, killing men and taking cattle to the value of 6oo/. ; 
 that some of his men followed the Scots and made reprisals, for which 
 the Earl of Northumberland compelled him to pay 320 oxen and 
 cows, 1600 sheep, and ioo/. in money to the Scots, promising him 
 restitution of the damage done him by the marauders, but the promise 
 had not been kept. He complains further that he was taken and 
 imprisoned for a long time in Newcastle, and that Henry Lilburn, 
 Thomas Roddam, and other men of the said county, and several 
 others, came by force of arms and in warlike array to a castle of his 
 called Ford, and assaulted it, and took booty of great value, against 
 the peace of the king, etc. Wherefore the said William begs and 
 requires, for God and for right doing, that our lord the king and the 
 lords of parliament will ordain a remedy. Ordered that certain lords 
 be assigned to arbitrate between the parties, and bring them to an 
 agreement.
 
 210 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 1389. 
 
 12 and 13 RICHARD II. 
 Bishop of Durham Walter Skirlaw. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs -of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 Robert Raynton Mayor. 
 
 Lawrence Acton, John Horton, ") 
 
 John Aukland, Thomas Grindon, } 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs elected at Michaelmas Uncertain. Bourne 
 has Bulkham and his bailiffs again, being their fourth term of office. 
 It has been shown that they were not in office in the beginning of the 
 year, and it may well be doubted if they were re-elected in the same 
 order as before. 
 
 January 2. 
 
 ILLIAM, son of William Swynhow, constitutes 
 William Hesilrig and John his son attornies, to 
 deliver seisin of all his possessions in Newcastle to 
 Gerald Heron, knight. 
 
 January 16. 
 
 William Durham (see previous year, loth July) son of William 
 Durham, draper, conveys to William Merrington, chaplain, and John 
 Hesilrig, all the lands and tenements in Newcastle which were Wil- 
 liam Swynhow's. Witnesses Robert Raynton, mayor ; Lawrence 
 Acton, John Horton, John Auckland, and Thomas Gnndon, bailiffs. 
 
 Died about this time Bertram Monboucher, who had been several 
 times sheriff of Northumberland, and knight of the shire, and from 
 whom Bertram Monboucher tower, on the walls of Newcastle, 126 
 yards east of Newgate, was probably named. In the inquisition after 
 death, taken this year at Morpeth, it was found that he died possessed 
 of six messuages in Newcastle, one sixth of the manors of Jesmond 
 and Tynedale, lands at Byker and Shotton, a quarry in Elswick, a 
 husband-land in Heaton-Jesmond, two husband-lands in Cramlington, 
 two tenements and 12 acres of ground in Bebside, a tenement and 2 
 acres of peat land in Ponteland, and other property in the county. Of 
 his Newcastle property, two messuages and an annual rent of los. out 
 of a tenement in Pilgrim Street, were held of the king in free burgagc.
 
 FO URTEENTH CENTUR Y. 211 
 
 He married first, Isabel, daughter of Sir Richard Willoughby of 
 Woollaton, Notts., and secondly, Christian, daughter of Sir Roger 
 Widdrington, by Elizabeth, daughter of Richard Acton of Newcastle. 
 The tower bearing his name had in ward " all the west end of Over 
 Dean Brig [the High Bridge], with the shops betwixt the Fish- 
 shambles and the Bere [Bigg] Market, and from the same Brig end to 
 the Great Nun's Gate." Ten years later, his son appears as holding a 
 sixth part of the manor of Jesmond, and of the advowson of the chapel 
 of St. Mary there ; Shieldficld, in the lordship of Byker ; Heaton, near 
 Newcastle ; four manors in Sussex, and one in Notts., etc. 
 
 1390. 
 
 13 and 14 RICHARD II. 
 
 Bishop of Durham Walter Skirlaw. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs till Michaelmas Uncertain. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs elected at MicJiaelmas : 
 
 Mayor William Bishopdale. 
 
 Bailiffs " The same," writes Bourne, making a fifth term of office. 
 But Brand finds in the Tynemouth chartulary a correction, namely : 
 
 n -j-ff $ Lawrence Acton, Richard Scott, 
 
 ' ( Thomas Grindon, William Johnson. 
 
 ARLIAMENT was ordered to meet at Westminster on 
 the i/th January. The burgesses of Newcastle elected 
 the mayor, 
 
 William Bishopdale, and Stephen Whitgray, 
 or Whitgrave. 
 
 A second parliament assembled at the same place in November, but it 
 is not known if Newcastle was represented there. 
 
 December I. 
 
 The monastery of the Black Friars contained some black sheep 
 about this time, and on the 1st December the king prohibited the con- 
 ferring of the degree of master on certain apostate brethren of that 
 community.
 
 TENTH DECADE 1391-14.00. 
 
 1391. 
 
 14 and 15 RICHARD II. 
 
 Bishop of Durham Walter Skirlaw. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 
 William Bishopdale Mayor. 
 
 Lawrence Acton, 
 Thomas Grindon, 
 
 Richard Scott, } 
 William Johnson, 3 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs elected at Michaelmas : 
 
 Mayor William Bishopdale. 
 
 r> -j-rr f Lawrence Acton, 
 ' (. William Johnson, 
 
 John Aukland, 
 Henry Carliol. 
 
 ARLIAMENT met at Westminster in November, 
 Newcastle being represented by 
 
 William Bishopdale and Lawrence Acton. 
 
 January 25. 
 
 The king, by his letters patent, granted to 
 the mayors of Newcastle the privilege of having 
 a sword of honour carried before them a grant 
 supposed to have been made as a mark of the king's appreciation of 
 the prompt and gallant manner in which the burgesses repelled the 
 Scots in 1388. The document reads as follows: "Richard, by the 
 grace of God king of England and France, and lord of Ireland, to
 
 FO UR TEE NTH CENTUR Y. 213 
 
 whomsoever these presents shall come, greeting. Know ye that we, 
 considering the honour of the town of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, of our 
 special grace concede to our beloved William Bishopdale, now mayor, 
 as long as he shall be mayor, and to all others who in future time 
 shall be mayors of the aforesaid town, that before him and them a 
 sword may be carried. The which sword we concede truly for the 
 cause above written. In witness whereof, etc., at Westminster, the 
 25th day of January, in the fourteenth year of our reign." 
 
 July 15. 
 
 Died Sir Henry Scrope, chevalier, seised of great property in 
 various parts of England, and in Northumberland of half the manor 
 and town of Wooler ; the manors of Whalton, Newham, and Holy- 
 well ; the vill of Little Benton ; 140 acres of land in Great Benton 
 and Killingworth ; the advowson of the chantry of Great Benton ; 
 and half a tenement in Pilgrim Street, and a shop in Skinner Gate, 
 Newcastle. 
 
 Petition to Parliament from the town of Berwick, showing that by 
 statute no person may carry cloth or other merchandise out of the 
 realm of England, and thereby many citizens of York, Newcastle, and 
 elsewhere, are prevented from taking to Berwick cloth and other 
 goods for the loyal inhabitants thereof; prays, therefore, that the 
 statute may be enforced against those only who sell to the enemy 
 outside of the kingdom or outside of Berwick, to those who are not in 
 allegiance. The king accedes to the prayer. Goods may be taken to 
 Berwick, because it is the town of the king and of his allegiance, with- 
 out impeachment and without paying subsidy or custom. 
 
 Jane, widow [second wife] of John Strivelyn, and daughter of 
 Richard Emeldon, died, seised of a third part of the manor of Jesmond 
 (with a third part of the advowson of the church or chantry of the 
 same), held of the king in capite, by faith and homage, and paying 
 2s. 2d. per annum castle-ward to the castle of Newcastle. This 
 property after Jane Strivelyn's death, which happened 6th February 
 1391 [but whether historical or civil time is not clearly expressed], 
 descended to the Middleton family. (See 1378 and 1396.) 
 
 William Bower of Gateshead, and John Bower, chaplain, enter into 
 recognisances, binding themselves to the bishop of Durham, to pay 
 the farm and other profits of the chantry of the Holy Trinity, within 
 the hospital of St. Edmund, Gateshead, within eight days if desired. 
 
 15
 
 214 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 1392. 
 
 15 and 1 6 RICHARD II. 
 
 Bishop of Durham Walter Skirlaw. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 
 William Bishopdale Mayor. 
 
 Lawrence Acton, 
 William Johnson, 
 
 John Aukland, ) n . 7vr 
 u r r 1 \BaUiffs. 
 
 Henry Carliol, ) 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs elected at Michaelmas Another of Bourne's 
 " The same," of which, so far as the mayor is concerned, confirmation 
 is found in a deposition made by Stephen Wressil, on the I4th April 
 J393, before "William Bishopdale, mayor." 
 
 ARLIAMENT was convened to meet at York on the 
 I4th October, but was adjourned sine die on the 8th 
 September ; and nothing is known of the representa- 
 tion of Newcastle therein. Brand quotes from Prynne 
 a statement that a parliament met at Winchester, 
 and that Newcastle was represented by John Moreton 
 and Richard Langston. There was a session at 
 Winchester commencing 2Oth January 1392-3, but Newcastle is not 
 mentioned in the roll. Moreton and Langston were members for 
 Newcastle in 1395. 
 
 September 22. 
 
 In consideration of io/. paid to him by the abbot and convent of 
 Newminster, the king gave a license to Thomas Tughale, parson of 
 the church of Morpeth, and others, to convey to them seven messuages 
 and seven acres of land in Morpeth, not holden of the crown ; to John 
 Stele and Richard Marshall, chaplains, to give them a messuage in 
 Newcastle holden of the crown in free burgage ; and to the same 
 John Stele and Richard Acliff, chaplains, to grant them five mes- 
 suages, a rent of 45. out of a close, without the Close Gate, and three 
 acres of ground in Newcastle, also holden of the crown in free 
 burgage, and in the tenure of William Baron and Edith his wife. 
 
 November 15. 
 
 The king, for a fine of 20 marks, grants a license for the assign- 
 ment to the monastery of Tynemouth by Adam Fenrother, clerk, 
 and others, of two messuages in Newcastle ; and by Alan Whitehead,
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 215 
 
 vicar of the church of Tynemouth, John Dalton, chaplain, and Robert 
 Ambell, chaplain, of three messuages in the same town. " The great 
 stone house of the prior of Tynemouth on the Quayside " is men- 
 tioned in a deed of this year's date. 
 
 Deed enrolled, whereby Robert Wycliffe, constable of Durham, 
 and general receiver of the bishop [fifth year of his ' pontificate], 
 acknowledged the receipt of 3I2/. from the mayor and commonalty 
 of Newcastle for thirteen score keels of coals bought of the said 
 bishop. 
 
 An indulgence of forty days granted by the bishop of Galloway, at 
 York, to those who contribute to the repairing or beautifying of St 
 Andrew's Church, Newcastle, or cause to be sent to the chapel of the 
 Holy Trinity in the northern part of that church, either gold, silver, 
 vestments, books, chalices, or any other ornaments which are wanting ; 
 or who, kneeling before the image of the Trinity, shall pray for the 
 health of Sir Aymer Athol, knight, as long as he lives, and for his 
 soul after his decease, and for the soul of Lady Mary his wife, whose 
 body lies buried in the same chapel. Sir Aymer, lord of Jesmond and 
 Ponteland, was brother of David, twelfth Earl of Athol. Queen 
 Philippa appointed him, and John Strivelyn, Roger Fulthorpe, and 
 William Kellaw, her justices of assize for the franchise of Tindale. 
 The Earl of Athol granted to him the reversion of the manor and 
 forest of Felton, after the death of Mary St. Paul, countess of Pem- 
 broke, which manor and forest he entailed upon his two daughters and 
 their husbands, Sir Ralph Eure and Robert Lisle of Felton. He was 
 sheriff of Northumberland and one of the knights of the shire for the 
 same county in 1381, receiving as payment for his attendance in 
 parliament 45. a-day. He died in 1402, possessed for life of the manor 
 of Ponteland, holden as of the manor of Mitford, with reversion to Sir 
 John Scrope, knight, in right of Elizabeth, his wife, and also of several 
 rents and other property in Yorkshire. There was a tradition that he 
 gave the moor to the town, but Bourne shows that this is highly 
 improbable. He was buried in his chantry at St Andrew's, where for 
 many years the brazen effigies of himself and his wife formed a hand- 
 some monument. The remains of it the knight's feet resting upon a 
 spotted leopard are preserved in the museum of the Newcastle 
 Society of Antiquaries. His wife was probably a daughter of Mary, 
 wife of Sir Aymer Valence, Earl of Pembroke.
 
 2i6 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 1393- 
 
 16 and 17 RICHARD II. 
 
 Bishop of Durham Walter Skirlaw. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs of Newcastle till MicJiaelmas : 
 
 William Bishopdale Mayor. 
 Bailiffs Uncertain, for reasons given in the preceding year. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs elected at MicJiaelmas " The same," in 
 Bourne's List. Yet on page 60 of his History he quotes the 
 foundation deed of St. Margaret's chantry in St. Nicholas' Church, 
 which was signed 2Oth April 1 394, and witnessed by 
 
 Mayor Lawrence Acton. 
 
 Henry Carliol, 
 John Newbiggin, 
 
 Thomas Grindon, ) 
 John Appreton, I 
 
 -,.: 
 
 ARLIAMENT was summoned to meet at Winchester 
 on the 2Oth January. Newcastle does not appear in 
 the published returns. Brand, on the authority of 
 Prynne, mentions a parliament held at Westminster, 
 wherein Henry Kersell and Thomas Dirindon 
 appear as members for Newcastle. These names do 
 not seem to be local, and cannot be found in the 
 parliamentary rolls of the period as representatives of any con- 
 stituency. 
 
 May 1 6. 
 
 Emmotta Grey, and her son John Harle, burgess of Newcastle, 
 release to John Strother all arrearages due to them from Wallington 
 and Heugh. 
 
 The dispute between the mayor and burgesses of Newcastle and 
 the bishop of Durham, respecting the right of the latter over the 
 southern half of the Tyne, was settled for a time by a royal charter 
 confirming to the bishop his moiety of the river, with power to load 
 and unload ships with coal and other merchandise without hindrance 
 or molestation from Newcastle. 
 
 The Sandhill, where the people of Newcastle assembled for
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY 217 
 
 recreation, was beginning to assume the character of a public market 
 Complaint was made of the obstruction, and the king issued a procla- 
 mation ordering the removal of " all merchandise and other stuff," 
 which impeded the free use of the space by the common people 
 for their pleasure and amusement. 
 
 John, son of John, son and heir of John Denton, late burgess of 
 Newcastle, released to John, son and heir of Roger Widdrington, all 
 the right he had in all the lands of Northumberland which had 
 belonged to John Denton, his grandfather. (See 1334 and 1345.) 
 
 The mayor and commonalty of Newcastle received pardon of 
 forfeiture of 50 marks for breach of covenant in certain indentures 
 between them and the bishop of Durham. 
 
 1394- 
 
 17 and 1 8 RICHARD II. 
 Bishop of Durham Walter Skirlaw. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs of Neii'castle till Michaelmas : 
 Lawrence Acton Mayor. 
 
 Henry Carliol, 
 Thomas Grindon, 
 
 John Newbiggen, ) n ./-vr 
 , , \Bailiffs. 
 
 John Appreton, ) 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs elected at Michaelmas Uncertain. Bourne 
 enters them as "The same," meaning the bailiffs of 1391 namely, 
 Lawrence Acton, John Aukland, William Johnson, and Henry 
 Carliol. According to his list these persons were in office for ten 
 years ! 
 
 PARLIAMENT met at Westminster in January. It 
 is not known whether Newcastle was represented 
 there ; if an election took place, the records of it 
 have been lost, for no names of Newcastle burgesses 
 occur in the rolls. 
 
 April 20. 
 
 The chantry of St. Margaret, now called Bewicke's porch, in St. 
 Nicholas' Church, Newcastle, founded by Stephen Whitgray, or White- 
 grave, formerly one of the bailiffs, and Mary his wife, to pray for their 
 souls, and the souls of the faithful departed. The value of the
 
 2i8 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 chantry was 10 marks, arising out of tenements near the Cale Cross 
 and Grindon Chare ; one over against St. Nicholas' Church ; one in 
 Hacker Gate, near the chapel of All Saints' ; one near Kirk Chare ; 
 and others in Pandon, Calegarth in Broad Chare, etc. The first 
 cha; lain was John Etell, and his successor, after the death of the 
 founder, was to be appointed by the mayor and bailiffs and four 
 honest parishioners of St. Nicholas. Witnesses Lawrence Acton, 
 mayor ; Henry Carliol, Thomas Grindon, John Newbiggin, and John 
 Appreton, bailiffs ; Thomas Herrington and John Coket. 
 
 May 26. 
 
 The king, for a fine of 16 marks, paid by the master and brethren 
 of the hospital of the Holy Trinity in Wall Knoll, grants a license of 
 mortmain to John Bamburgh, chaplain, and John Refham of New- 
 castle, empowering them to assign three messuages, fourteen cottages, 
 one toft, three gardens, and 133. of rent, in that town (held of the king 
 in free burgage, and by Agnes Ripon for her life, which, after the 
 death of the said Agnes, would have reverted to Bamburgh and 
 Refham), unto the aforesaid master and brethren, to have and to hold, 
 etc., subject to certain charges, as the said Bamburgh and Refham 
 may order. 
 
 License granted to John Coket to alienate to the mayor and 
 burgesses of Newcastle and their successors, two parts of five mes- 
 suages for the reparation of Tyne Bridge. A grant of customs for 
 a number of years was also made for the same object. Further, the 
 king gave the town some pieces of ground for the convenience of 
 making highways and a bridge, which latter, Brand imagines, was the 
 Nether Dean Bridge, over the Lort Burn, giving access from Pilgrim 
 Street to St. Nicholas' churchyard. 
 
 The rolls of Whitby Abbey show that coals taken thither from the 
 Tyne sold at from 35. 4d. to 45. a chaldron. The following are 
 entries : " For a chaldron of coals from a Newcastle ship, 35. 4d. A 
 ship from Shields, for two chaldrons of coals, 8s."
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 219 
 
 1395- 
 
 1 8 and 19 RICHARD II.- 
 Bishop of Durham Walter Skirlaw. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs of Newcastle till MicJiaelmas Uncertain. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs elected at MicJiaelmas Bourne re-elects 
 Bishopdale, Acton, Aukland, Johnson, and H. Carliol. A deed 
 in St. Andrew's Church, quoted by Brand, contains the correct list 
 namely, 
 
 Mayor Lawrence Acton. 
 
 _ .,._ ( Thomas Mordon, John Newbigging, 
 
 ' I Thomas Grindon, William Redmarshall. 
 
 1ARLIAMENT was ordered to meet at Westminster on the 
 2/th January. 
 
 John Moreton and William Langton 
 were the burgesses elected to represent the town of Newcastle. 
 
 1396. 
 
 19 and 20 RICHARD II. 
 Bishop of Durham Walter Skirlaw. 
 Mayor and Bailiffs of Newcastle till MicJiaelmas : 
 Lawrence Acton Mayor. 
 
 Thomas Mordon, John Newbigging, j 
 
 Thomas Grindon, William Redmarshall, J 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs elected at MicJiaelmas : 
 
 The mayor and bailiffs were reappointed. This is on the authority 
 of a deed at All Saints', dated the feast of St. Mathias, 20 Richard II. 
 24th February 1397. 
 
 Mayor Lawrence Acton. 
 
 p .,.rr f Thomas Mordon, Thomas Grindon, 
 
 ' ( John Newbigging, William Redmarshall. 
 
 August 9. 
 
 IED, Sir John Middleton of Belsay Castle, knight, enfeoffed 
 conjointly with Christiana, his wife, in a third part of the 
 !1 manor of Jesmond.and of the advowson of the chapel there ; 
 also a third part of the water mil!, worth 4/. a-year, which was held of
 
 220 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 the king by military service ; 16 acres of land in Els wick, worth 
 6s. 8d. per annum, held of the prior of Tynemouth ; 52 acres of land in 
 South Gosforth, worth 26s. per annum, held of the lord of Fawdon ; 
 a tenement and 30 acres of land in Cramlington, worth los. per 
 annum, held of the lord of Jesmond ; 5^ messuages in Newcastle, and 
 various other manors, lands, and tenements in Northumberland. 
 
 I397- 
 
 20 and 21 RICHARD II. 
 Bishop of Durham Walter Skirlaw. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 Lawrence Acton Mayor. 
 
 Thomas Mordon, John Newbigging, \ Bailiffs. 
 
 Thomas Grindon, William Redmarshall, ) 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs elected at Michaelmas : 
 Mayor Sampson Harding. 
 
 On the authority of a deed in Gateshead Vestry quoted by 
 Hodgson the following were the 
 
 Bailiffs I Rb ert J onn Coker, 
 
 ' 1 William Redmarshall, Roger Thornton. 
 
 The mayor was a son of Adam Harding of Beadnell, and repre- 
 sented Newcastle in parliament three or four times, besides filling thrice 
 the municipal chair. His son, William Harding, was also mayor and 
 M.P. on several occasions. There is a pedigree of the family in 
 Surtees' History of Durham, vol. H.-252, and a sketch in Hodgson's 
 History of Northumberland, under the heading of " Morpeth," where 
 the Hardings were stewards of the borough. 
 
 N the parliament that met at Westminster in January 
 Newcastle was represented by 
 
 Sampson Harding and William Redmarshall. 
 
 Later on, in September, another parliament 
 assembled at Westminster, and was continued, by 
 
 adjournment, at Shrewsbury in January 1398. The members for 
 
 Newcastle were 
 
 Lawrence Acton, senior, and William Redmarshall.
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 221 
 
 June 25. 
 
 For one mark paid by the master or keeper of the hospital of the 
 Holy Trinity at the Wall Knoll, Newcastle, the king grants a license 
 of mortmain to John Gaudes and Robert Alnwick, chaplains, 
 empowering them to assign to the said master and brethren a 
 messuage in the town held of the crown in burgage. 
 
 July 27. 
 
 Mandate from the king to the vicar, etc., of the provincial chapter 
 of the order of Preachers in England, last assembled at Newcastle. 
 In the recent parliament, held at Westminster, ordinances have been 
 passed for the government of the four orders of Mendicants {inter alia, 
 they are not to purchase degrees out of the kingdom, nor go beyond 
 the seas without license of their superiors], and the king strictly com- 
 mands and enjoins that these ordinances be observed. If any disobey, 
 they are not to be received into convents, but kept in custody until 
 the king shall give orders respecting them. 
 
 October 7. 
 
 The king, in consideration of the great labour and diligence which 
 the bishop of Durham has heretofore shown in the royal service, grants 
 him exemption, for the term of his life, from the obligation to attend 
 parliament or the king's council in person against his will, and gives 
 him authority to appear by his procurators. 
 
 The king granted a license to the merchants of Newcastle (not- 
 withstanding the statute) to carry wool-fells and other commodities 
 for sale to any other foreign port, as well as to Calais, on condition of 
 their paying custom and subsidy. The Commons petitioned his 
 Majesty against the issue of such licenses, and the king replied that 
 the statute must be observed, and the staple limited to Calais, unless 
 by his own special leave, and all other licenses but his own to be 
 considered void.
 
 222 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 1398. 
 
 21 and 22 RICHARD II. 
 Bishop of Durham Walter Skirlaw. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 
 Sampson Harding Mayor. 
 Robert John Coker, 
 
 \Bailiffs. 
 '> 
 
 William Redmarshall, Roger Thornton, 
 
 Bourne's List contains the doubtful entry, "The same," till 1400, 
 and therefore, in the absence of other evidence, the names of the 
 persons elected at Michaelmas are not certainly known. 
 
 February 22. 
 
 ATE of the will of William Bishopdale, late mayor of 
 Newcastle. To be buried in the church of the 
 Friars Minor, Newcastle. Bequeaths to William 
 Dees, his servant, 133. 4d. annual rent during his life 
 namely, 55. from a tenement in Northallerton, and 
 8s. 4d. from lands and tenements in Mundby and 
 Kirkbywiske ; to Cok Cuke, his servant, for life, his 
 tenement in Newcastle, situate on the eastern side of the highway 
 leading towards the New Gate, paying to his assigns an annual rent 
 of i6d. ; to Elizabeth his wife, for life, the tenement in Newcastle 
 wherein he dwells. Orders that all his lands and tenements in 
 Newcastle above named, with all reversions namely, the tenement 
 given to Cok Cuke, the 135. 4d. to William Dees, the tenement which 
 he gives his wife, and all his lands, etc., in the city of Durham, the 
 town of Northallerton, and in other towns and places in Richmond- 
 shire, remain to Joan and Margaret, his daughters, and their heirs; and 
 if they die without heirs, then to Isabella his sister, for life, with 
 remainder to John Pykborne her son and his heirs ; and if John die 
 without heirs, then to Richard Pykborne, son of his sister and brother 
 of John. Bequests of plate and apparel to his wife and daughters, the 
 Friars Minor of Newcastle, Robert and William Swinhow, Robert 
 Butbe, John and Thomas Mountford, the church of Bolton-upon- 
 Swale, John Barber, and William Dees. Residue to his wife. Gilbert 
 Elvet, Henry Bingfield, and Thomas Dees, the executors, to dispose 
 as they please for the good of his soul and payment of his debts. 
 Endorsed " This will was proved in the church of the blessed 
 Nicholas, in the town of Ncwcastle-upon-Tyne, 3d January 1401 " 
 [1402].
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 223 
 
 October 26. 
 
 Convention held at Howdenstank respecting the truce between 
 England and Scotland. The wardens of the marches are to hold 
 every month days of redress for the reform and rectification of all 
 attempts and mistakings done against the truce. Scotchmen who had 
 been received to the fealty of England since the beginning of the 
 truce were, before Candlemas next, to remove their dwellings to the 
 south of the Tyne ; and Englishmen settled in like manner on the 
 Scottish borders were to remove their dwellings from the marches as 
 far as Edinburgh. Various other regulations were agreed upon ; and 
 it was ordained that " the Duke of Rothesay, or else some other 
 great lord of the king's blood of Scotland, with counsel of the king 
 of Scotland, shall be at Edinburgh the ist March next coming, or else 
 on the Sunday three weeks after, etc. ; and the Duke of Lancaster, or 
 else some other great lord of the king's blood of England, with 
 counsel of the king of England, shall be at Newcastle on one of the same 
 days, etc. And they shall send their messages interchangeably, either 
 to the other, to certify the wills of both their kings ; so that ere they 
 depart further from the marches, they shall meet a certain day that be 
 most liked to them both, either at Howdenstank or else at some other 
 place that be more liked to both the parties, and there do and fulfil all 
 that to them pertains of this indenture." 
 
 Brand quotes Anderson's Dictionary of Commerce to show that 
 about this time Newcastle was becoming an important commercial 
 port, exporting woollen cloth, herring, and other commodities to 
 Lubeck, Hamburg, Bremen, Stade, Wismar, Rostock, Stralsund, 
 Dantzic, Konigsberg, etc., besides its increasing trade in coals. 
 
 1399- 
 
 22 and 23 RICHARD II. i HENRY IV. 
 Bishop of Durham Walter Skirlaw. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs Uncertain, for reasons stated in the preceding 
 year. 
 
 1C HARD II. was deposed on the 3Oth September, and 
 his cousin Henry was appointed king by the title of 
 Henry IV. The first parliament of this monarch 
 was summoned to meet at Westminster on the 6th 
 October. The town of Newcastle was represented 
 by 
 
 Lawrence Acton and Roger Thornton.
 
 224 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 November 28. 
 
 The bishop of Durham appointed John Kempe to be the keeper of 
 his park at Gateshead, with the usual allowance of i^d. per day. 
 
 December 3. 
 
 Reginald Porter, vicar of Pittington, who, on the ipth September 
 1378, had succeeded John Gateway as rector of Meldon, and resigned 
 that living in 1381, was appointed by the bishop of Durham to be 
 master of St. Edmund's Hospital, Gateshead. 
 
 I4OO. 
 
 i and 2 HENRY IV. 
 Bishop of Durham Walter Skirlaw. 
 
 Mayor and Bailiffs of Newcastle till Michaelmas Uncertain. 
 
 Elected at Michaelmas : 
 
 Mayor Roger Thornton. 
 
 Sheriff William Redmarshall. 
 
 truce with Scotland expired about the time that 
 Henry IV. ascended the throne, and the Scots made 
 various inroads upon English territory in North 
 Tyne and Coquetdale. The king summoned his 
 army and came to Newcastle in July, where no 
 doubt he would be received in a manner befitting 
 so great a benefactor to the town. The Earl of 
 March, abandoning his native country, entered into a treaty with 
 Henry ; and meeting him by appointment in Newcastle, renounced his 
 allegiance to Robert III., and bound himself to perform liege homage 
 and fealty to the king of England. Henry left Newcastle with his 
 army on the 8th or pth of August, and entered Scotland by way of 
 Kelso. But finding there was no prospect of bringing the Scots to 
 battle, and having in vain attempted to reduce Edinburgh, he returned 
 to Newcastle on his way south. Royal orders are dated at Newcastle 
 on the 5th and /th August, and again, on the return journey, on the 
 3d September. 
 
 May 23. 
 
 On this date the town of Newcastle became independent of the 
 county of Northumberland. The burgesses had broken down step by 
 step the jurisdiction of the county sheriff. First, they obtained the
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 225 
 
 privilege of paying the king's rent direct to the crown, in the shape of a 
 fee-farm ; next, they gained the right to have their own pleas heard in 
 the town ; then they procured the appointment of the mayor to act as 
 escheator, " by which," writes Mr. J. F. Gibson, in an admirable 
 summary of the Newcastle Charters and Improvement Acts, which he 
 published in 1881, "the sheriff was deprived of his last means of fiscal 
 oppression. But he still retained the function of receiving and 
 executing the king's writs. In order to complete the emancipation of 
 the towns it was necessary to remove them altogether from the jurisdic- 
 tion of the county sheriffs, and give to each a county organisation of its 
 own. Such a privilege London had enjoyed ever since the charter of 
 Henry I.; it had been extended to Bristol by Edward III. in 1373, 
 and to York by Richard II. in 1396." The charter conferring this 
 privilege upon Newcastle commences thus : " Henry, by the grace of 
 God king of England and France, and lord of Ireland. To the 
 archbishop, etc., etc., greeting. Know ye that of our special grace, in 
 amelioration, help, and relief of our town of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, and 
 of our burgesses of the same town, their heirs and successors, we 
 have granted to the said burgesses, and their heirs and successors for 
 ever, that the said town, with the suburbs and precincts thereof, 
 according to the true limits and bounds anciently ascertained and 
 established, and which now are situated and contained within the 
 body of the county of Northumberland, shall from the said county 
 hcncefonvard be separated and exempt, as well by land as by water ; 
 and that the said town, and its suburbs, and the precincts thereof, shall 
 be for the future a county of itself, and shall be called the county 
 of the town of Newcastle-upon-Tyne for ever." The charter 
 then proceeds to confer the following "franchises, privileges, and 
 liberties" : 
 
 Sheriff to be Elected. 
 
 i. The burgesses, and their heirs and successors, shall have for 
 ever, in place of the bailiffs of the same town, one sheriff in the same 
 town, suburbs, and precincts, and shrievalty of the same town of New- 
 castle. Which said sheriff, in form underwritten, shall be annually 
 elected and preferred that is to say, that the said burgesses every 
 year, when necessity shall arise, by four-and-twenty of the more fit, 
 discreet, approved, and honest burgesses of the said town, as well of 
 those enrolled as of others their co-burgesses, shall elect one fit person 
 to be sheriff in the town, suburbs, and precincts aforesaid. Which said 
 sheriff, immediately after such election, shall in due form take his oath 
 before the mayor of the said town for the time being, whose name [the 
 sheriff s], under the common seal of the said town, into the chancery
 
 226 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 of us or our heirs shall be sent annually for ever. So always that the 
 same sheriff, of all issues proceeding from his office, to us and our 
 heirs shall answer at the exchequer of us and our heirs afore- 
 said. And that at no future time shall any other sheriff in the said 
 town, suburbs, and precincts, except of themselves as aforesaid, 
 
 exist. 
 
 SJierijf to have full potvers. 
 
 2. The same sheriff of Newcastle-upon-Tyne shall have such 
 power and jurisdiction, and whatsoever other things to the office of 
 sheriff belong, in the same town, suburbs, and precincts, as other our 
 sheriffs elsewhere within our kingdom of England have. 
 
 To hold his Court MontJily. 
 
 3. The sheriff shall hold his county [court] in the town of New- 
 castle, on Wednesdays from month to month [once a month], in the 
 same manner as other our sheriffs elsewhere in the same kingdom hold 
 their counties. 
 
 To account to the Exchequer. 
 
 4. The sheriff for the time being shall every year be able to 
 account for the proceeds of his office before the treasurer and barons 
 of our exchequer, etc., by sufficient attorneys thereunto deputed and 
 to be deputed, by letters patent, signed and to be signed, under the 
 common seal of the said town, etc. ; and the said attorneys may make 
 and render such profits and accounts in place of the said sheriff. 
 
 Burgesses not to plead, etc., out of the Town. 
 
 5. We have also granted, and by this our charter have confirmed 
 for us and for our heirs, as much as in us is, to the same burgesses, 
 their heirs and successors for ever, that none of them shall plead or be 
 impleaded out of the town concerning any tenements or tenures within 
 the same town, suburbs, etc., nor for any trespasses, covenants, or 
 other contracts whatsoever arising within the same town, etc., but that 
 the mayor and sheriff of the town for the time being shall have, and 
 either of them by himself shall have, congnizance of all pleas, as well 
 real as personal or mixed, concerning all lands, tenements, and 
 tenures within the town, etc., and also of all manner of trespasses, 
 covenants, and other contracts whatsoever, arising out of, or made 
 within the same town, etc., before them or either of them, in the 
 Guildhall of the town aforesaid, to be held and determined, as well in 
 the presence of us and our heirs as in the absence of us and our heirs ; 
 so that the stewards and marshals of the cognizance of pleas of such 
 trespasses, covenants, etc., shall in no wise interfere, unless only in 
 trespasses, covenants, and contracts made in the household of us 
 and of our heirs, and between those who are of the same household.
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 227 
 
 Burgesses not to serve on County Juries, etc, 
 
 6. The aforesaid burgesses, their heirs and successors, shall not be 
 placed in assizes, juries, or other inquisitions whatsoever, out of the 
 same town, by reason of their lands or tenements within the town, 
 suburbs, etc., existing. 
 
 Aldermen to be elected. 
 
 7. Further, of our more abundant grace, we have granted for us 
 and our heirs to the aforesaid burgesses, their heirs and successors for 
 ever, that they every year may elect from among themselves six 
 aldermen, from time to time as shall be necessary. 
 
 Mayor and Aldermen to be Justices of the Peace. 
 
 8. The mayor and aldermen, their heirs and successors, mayor and 
 aldermen of the aforesaid town for the time being, or any four, three, 
 or two of them, with the mayor, shall have full power and authority to 
 inquire, hear, and determine all matters, disputes, defects, causes and 
 articles, which to the office of justice of the peace of servants, labourers, 
 and artificers doth belong, and the correction and punishment of the 
 same, as fully and completely as justices of the peace of servants, etc., 
 in other counties of our kingdom of England heretofore have had or 
 exercised. And the justices of the peace of servants, etc., in the 
 county of Northumberland shall in no way interfere with any causes, 
 disputes, matters, defects, or other articles whatsoever to justices of the 
 peace of servants, etc., belonging or pertaining within the said town, 
 etc., from whatsoever cause arising or happening. 
 
 No Jurisdiction in Felonies. 
 
 9. The aforesaid mayor and aldermen, or their successors, to the 
 determination of any felony, without the special mandate of us or our 
 heirs, shall not in any way proceed. 
 
 Reservation of Fines, etc. 
 
 10. We have conceded, moreover, for us and our heirs, as much as 
 in us is, to the same burgesses, their heirs and successors for ever, that 
 the mayor and sheriff for the time being of the aforesaid town may 
 have and hold, and either of them by himself may have and hold, their 
 courts in the aforesaid town, as the mayor and bailiffs before this time, 
 by virtue of liberties granted to them in this behalf by the charter of 
 our progenitors, formerly kings of England, have reasonably had and 
 held ; and shall have and receive the profits therefrom coming as the 
 same mayor and bailiffs had, etc. Saving always to us and our heirs 
 all and singular fines, redemptions, amercements, issues, forfeitures, 
 and other profits whatsoever, as well from the office of sheriff, and
 
 228 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 from the pleas whereof cognisance under this our present charter they 
 newly have and shall have, as from justices of the peace of servants, 
 etc., and in any other way arising, for ever. 
 
 Confirmation), 
 
 Wherefore, we will, and firmly we enjoin, for us and our heirs, as 
 much as in us is, that the aforesaid burgesses, their heirs and suc- 
 cessors, shall have all the liberties and acquittances aforesaid for ever, 
 as aforesaid is ; and them and every of them shall fully enjoy and use. 
 Witnesses the Archbishop of Canterbury, Duke of York, several 
 bishops, Henry, Earl of Northumberland, Ralph, Earl of Westmorland, 
 and others. Given by our hand at Westminster, the 23d day of May, 
 in the first year of our reign. 
 
 June 1 8. 
 
 Mandate from the king to the mayor and sheriff of Newcastle, and 
 to the keepers of passage in the port of that town, commanding them 
 to proclaim within the town and suburbs the following order : No 
 merchant, or other liegeman, of whatsoever state, grade, or condition, 
 under penalty of forfeiture, shall lead any ship, barge, or ballinger, 
 armed as for war, to the damage or injury of Frenchmen, or others of 
 their allegiance, against the form of the present truce between the two 
 kingdoms ; nor take or hold any ships, merchandises, or goods of 
 Frenchmen, or others of their allegiance, which shall be upon the seas 
 or elsewhere, under the same penalty. This exemption, however, is 
 not to apply to any Scots who may be in alliance with France, because, 
 as well in the time of the late king as in the current reign, they have 
 wrought divers damages and evils in the manner of war against forms 
 of truce, and to this day do not desist from such practices. 
 
 July 4. 
 
 The king writes to his council directing that mandates be issued to 
 the mayors and bailiffs of various ports, ordering them to send by 
 sea, wine, flour, corn, and oats, to the port of Tynemouth for the 
 use of the king's household and army at Newcastle, Holy Island, or 
 Berwick, as may be ordered ; reasonable payment for the same to be 
 made by the king's customers. 
 
 July 7. 
 
 By letters patent of this date, the new king continued his 
 favours to the good men of Newcastle. " Henry, etc., greeting. 
 Know ye that the Commons of our kingdom of England, in our last 
 parliament, held at Westminster, conceded to us a fifteenth and a 
 tenth, on certain days to be paid, etc. We, of our special grace, and
 
 FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 229 
 
 on the petition of our beloved lieges, the burgesses and community of 
 our town of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, have pardoned and released to the 
 said burgesses and community, and to each one of them, whatsoever 
 to us belongs of the fifteenth and tenth aforesaid, etc." On the other 
 hand, various licenses to merchants in Newcastle to export certain 
 merchandise to other ports than Calais were partly revoked, on the 
 petition of the mayor and merchants of the staple there. The petition 
 states that, " Whereas, by statutes and ordinances of the parliaments 
 of you and your noble progenitors, the repair of certain commodities 
 of your realm is, and have been, ordained and assigned to be at your 
 town of Calais ; against which statutes and ordinances certain persons 
 have been and now are licensed to pass as they please with the said 
 commodities, to the great abasement of the price of the said com- 
 modities in your said staple, and to the common damage of your 
 realm. May it please, etc., to repel, revoke, and annul all letters 
 patent made or granted to the contrary of the said statutes, etc., etc., 
 for God and in work of charity." Which petition, read and heard, 
 response was made in these words which follow : " The king wills 
 that such letters patent shall be restrained, and especially the letters 
 patent to Roger Thornton, William Essington, Robert Gobefore, 
 William Langton, and William Middleton, merchants of Newcastle- 
 upon-Tyne, and their companions, and to William Blakborn of 
 Richmond, to the end that they ship not, nor make to ship, nor pass 
 by force of those letters patent, any wools except wools grown on 
 the water of Tees ; and that they ship not, nor make to ship, nor pass 
 wools beyond the number of sacks comprised in the said letters 
 patent." 
 
 16
 
 THE NEW GATE (Tctnpvs 14CO).
 
 TURRETS ON THE WALLS OF NEWCASTLE. 
 
 FIFTEENTH CENTURY. 
 
 FIRST DECADE 1401-10. 
 
 1401. 
 
 2 and 3 HENRY IV. 
 
 Bishop of Durham Walter Skirlaw. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff of Neiucastle till Michaelmas : 
 
 Roger Thornton, Mayor, and William Redmarshall, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff elected at Michaelmas The same. 
 
 ARLIAMENT met at Westminster in January. 
 Newcastle is not mentioned in the rolls. 
 Brand, on the authority of Prynne, states that 
 the town was represented by 
 Richard Bennet and Robert Darey [Darcy ?] 
 
 January 1 1. 
 
 Mandate from the king to the mayor, sheriff, 
 and community of Newcastle, to provide one barge for the defence of 
 the kingdom, to be ready, fully armed and equipped, by the feast of
 
 232 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 Easter. Obedience to this command is not to be construed to the 
 prejudice of the town in future. 
 
 February 15. 
 
 By an inquisition held this day in Newcastle before Roger Thornton, 
 escheator, it was found that Thomas Gray, chivaler, died seised, 
 among other things, of 6s. 8d. annual rent arising out of a tenement in 
 the Beremarket-gate, belonging to the prior of Tynemouth, and in the 
 occupation of William Litster [dyer]. 
 
 April 22. 
 
 Brand quotes from a history of Faversham, that on this date 
 William Clerk, hosier, fled to St. Saviour's Church, Faversham, for 
 sanctuary, confessing that on Sunday, the feast of St. Stephen, he 
 feloniously stole from Agnes t Thornton of Newcastle one pair of 
 beads, value 2s., and desired, according to the law and custom of 
 England, that he might be delivered from the church ; on which, being 
 led to the door of the church, he abjured the king of England before 
 the coroner, who assigned him the port of Dover for his passage out of 
 it. Agnes was the name of the wife of the wealthy merchant, Roger 
 Thornton. 
 
 June 25. 
 
 The king commands the sheriff of Newcastle and other places to 
 proclaim within their respective bailiwicks, that every knight, esquire, 
 and gentleman [valettus], who holds any fee, wage, or annuity, by 
 concession of Edward, late king of England, Edward, late prince of 
 Wales, John, Duke of Lancaster (the king's father), Richard II., or 
 the king himself, must, upon their faith and allegiance, and under pain 
 of the withdrawal of those privileges, appear in full array and 
 furnished with arms, according to their state and position, at Lichfield, 
 with all possible speed, so that they may be there by the /th July, to 
 proceed with the king into Wales, to punish Owen Glendower and his 
 adherents, who, against the king and the majesty of his crown, have 
 risen in rebellion. 
 
 December i. 
 
 The bishop of Durham leases to Roger Thornton of Newcastle, 
 lead mines called Blakeden, and Aldwode-clough, and a place called 
 Harderake, for twelve years from Michaelmas last past. Thornton is to 
 pay the ninth load of ore as it shall be wrought, and to keep open and 
 well and sufficiently work all the places during his term, under the 
 supervision of the bishop's inspector, and according to the laws and 
 custom of the Weardale lead mines. The bishop covenants that the 
 lessee shall have such wayleave as may be required, sufficient timber
 
 FIFTEENTH CENTURY. 233 
 
 for the preservation of the mines, and a " sheeld," or shed in Wear- 
 dale forest for feeding the horses used in his operations, paying for the 
 shed to the forester the usual rent. (See Bourne, page 205.) 
 
 William Burnham, prior and master of the Virgin Mary Hospital, 
 Westgate, granted this year a messuage and three shops, before the 
 great gate of the castle of Newcastle, to John White, draper and 
 burgess, at an annual rent of 373. Burnham died in 1412. 
 
 Prices of provisions, labour, etc., during the first half of the 
 fifteenth century : 
 
 1407 Wheat, 35. 4d. ; sowing-wheat, 45. 4^d. ; sowing-oats, 2s. 
 a-quarter ; a cow, 75. ; her calf, is. 8d. ; an ox, us. 66. 
 
 1423 Wheat, 8s. ; malt, 53. a-quarter ; a ram, 8d. ; a cheese, 4d. 
 
 1435 Wheat, 53. 4d. a-quarter. 
 
 1444 Wheat, 43. 4d. ; peas, 33. ; malt, 43. ; oats, is. 8d. a-quarter ; 
 a calf, 2s. ; a goose, 3d. ; an ox, 313. 8d. ; a porker, without the head, 
 33. ; a flitch of bacon, is. 8d. 
 
 1449 Wheat, 53. a-quarter; a sheep, 2s. 5}d. ; a hog, is. ii^d. 
 
 1407 Labourers, 3d. a-day. 
 
 1425 A stone cutter, 4d. ; a sawyer, 4d. 
 
 1446 Bailiff of husbandry, 233. 4d. per annum, and 53. for diet 
 and clothing; carter and shepherd, 2os. per annum, and 45. for 
 clothing; common servant of husbandry, 153. per annum, and 33. 4d. 
 for clothing ; woman servant, los. per annum, and 45. for clothing ; 
 free mason or master carpenter, with diet, 4d., without diet, S^d. 
 a-day ; tiler, slater, rough-mason, mean carpenter, and other artificers 
 building by the day, with diet, 3d., without diet, 4^d. ; other labourers, 
 with diet, 2d., without, 3^d. a-day. From Michaelmas to Easter, 
 masons, carpenters, tilers, etc., had id. a-day less, the days being then 
 shorter. During harvest, a mower, with diet, 4d., without diet, 6d. 
 a-day ; a reaper and carter, with diet, 3d., without, 5d. a-day.
 
 234 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 1402. 
 
 3 and 4 HENRY IV. 
 
 Bishop of Durham Walter Skirlaw. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 
 Roger Thornton, Mayor, and William Redmarshall, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff elected at Michaelmas : 
 Mayor Robert Chirdon. Sheriff John Bywell. 
 
 WO parliaments were summoned to meet at West- 
 minster this year. No returns for the first of them can 
 be found ; to the second, which assembled on the 3Oth 
 September, Newcastle sent 
 
 Richard Beverley and Robert Darcy. 
 
 Hostilities between the English and the Scots broke out again this 
 spring. The Earl of Douglas sent various parties from Scotland to 
 revenge alleged depredations in the Scottish marches ; and one of 
 them was soundly beaten while returning from England with a great 
 booty. Douglas, thereupon, entered England about the middle of 
 August, at the head of an army consisting of ten or twelve thousand 
 men, and destroyed and plundered the country as far as Newcastle. 
 But as they were returning, the Earl of Northumberland, with his son 
 Hotspur and others, came up with them at Homeldon Hill, and then 
 followed (i4th September) the famous battle of that name one of 
 the most fatal to Scotland, says Ridpath, that ever happened on the 
 Borders. 
 
 November 20. 
 
 By letters patent the king, in response to the petition of the 
 Commons of England in parliament assembled, releases the men of 
 Northumberland, Cumberland, and Newcastle from payment of all 
 escapes of felons, fines, issues and amercements, tenths, fifteenths, and 
 arrears of the same, in consideration of the damages and depredations 
 that the counties have sustained, and the labour and expense in which 
 they have been involved by their proximity to Scotland ; and as 
 regards the men of Newcastle, in acknowledgment of their services in 
 placing upon the seas many ships well armed and victualled, and 
 maintaining nightly watches by a hundred persons upon the town 
 walls at their own cost and expense. 
 
 Pardon from the bishop of Durham to Thomas Flesshewer 
 [Flesher] of Newcastle, on account of the death of John Porter, servant 
 of the rector of the church of Gateshead.
 
 FIFTEENTH CENTURY. 235 
 
 1403. 
 
 4 and 5 HENRY IV. 
 
 Bishop of Durham Walter Skirlaw. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 
 Robert Chirdon, Mayor, and John Bywell, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff elected at Michaelmas The same. Bourne's 
 List contains these names for six consecutive years. It will be seen, in 
 1406, from independent evidence, that Bourne was wrong so far as 
 that year is concerned. 
 
 February 12. 
 
 ATE of a deed by which the king, for los. paid into the 
 hanaper, grants to Roger Thornton license to alienate 
 and assign to the mayor, sheriff, aldermen and com- 
 monalty of Newcastle, a piece of ground held in burgage 
 of the crown, 100 feet long, and 24 feet wide, with its 
 appurtenances, whereon the said Roger proposes to build a house to 
 be called the " House of God," in which certain poor persons are to be 
 provided with food and clothing, and to pray daily for the health of 
 the king, the mayor, sheriff, aldermen, and commonalty, and for Roger 
 Thornton while they live, and after their respective deaths for their 
 souls ; also for the souls of the father and mother of the founder, and 
 those of all the benefactors of the house for ever. Similar grant to the 
 mayor, sheriff, and aldermen, to receive and hold the same, but 
 reserving to the lord of the fee his due and accustomed service. 
 
 March 9. 
 
 William Swalwell, burgess of Newcastle, releases by charter all his 
 lands and tenements at Swalwell, etc., to William Redmarshall of 
 Newcastle. 
 
 April i. 
 
 Richard, son of Robert Pikeborne of Scaweby, concedes to Richard 
 Clitheroe of Newcastle the reversion of a tenement, which William 
 Cook held for life from William Bishopdale. (See 1398.) 
 
 May 22. 
 
 William Cheesman of Newcastle conveys to John Dolphanby two 
 burgages in Oakwellgate, Gateshead, lying between a tenement of 
 Dolphanby's and a tenement of the chantry of the blessed Mary in 
 Hilteate.
 
 2 3 6 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 July 24. 
 
 The bishop of Durham appoints Hugh Atte Hall to be keeper of 
 his park at Gateshead, with the usual allowance of three halfpence per 
 day, the same as paid to his predecessors in 1349, 1369, and 1399. 
 
 August 8. 
 
 Confirmation by the prior and chapter of Durham of William of 
 Norham, as chaplain of the chantry of the blessed Mary, in the parish 
 church of Gateshead, founded in 1330 [which see], by Alan, son of 
 Roger, priest, and Alan, called the priest of Gateshead, to pray for the 
 souls of the founders, their parents, and all the faithful departed, before 
 the altar of the Y'rgin in the north porch, and endowed with property 
 as follows : A tc .icment, bounded on the north by one formerly in 
 possession of Adam Brown, on the south by a spring called St. Mary- 
 well ; a tenement lying between the messuage of Gilbert Maitoun and 
 a messuage of Alan Seler ; a messuage in Pipewellgate lying between 
 the land of Gilbert Gategang and that of Robert Tryppe, and extend- 
 ing from the Hengledyk to the ground ebb of the Tyne ; a messuage 
 in Hillgate, between the land of Clement de Bovaria and the common 
 runnel, and extending from the vennel in Hillgate to the ground ebb 
 of the Tyne ; a tenement between the lands of Peter de Lewe and 
 Thomas Vaux, extending from the king's way to the demesne lands 
 on the east ; a messuage between St. Mary's vennel on the north and 
 the ground of Walter Creyk on the south, extending in length 
 from the king's highway to the land of Walter aforesaid, and certain 
 land lying between the road along the churchyard wall to the grounds 
 formerly belonging to Stephen, overseer in Aykewellgate, and in 
 breadth, from the king's highway in Aykewellgate to the land of 
 Richard Schell ; a tenement lying between the messuage formerly 
 belonging to Ralph the dyer and the messuage of Hugh the dyer ; a 
 messuage lying between the messuage formerly belonging to Hugh 
 the fisher and that of John Gategang, and extending from the high- 
 way to the runnel of the fountain of the blessed Helena ; a messuage 
 extending from the king's highway to the Aykewell burn, and lying 
 between the lands of William Lardener and Alan Seler ; a messuage 
 in Aykewellgate, extending from the king's highway to the demesne 
 lands of the bishop of Durham, and in breadth from the lands of Peter 
 the fuller to those formerly belonging to Thomas Mylis ; a rent charge 
 of 6s. 8d. from a tenement lying between the house of Robert Littester 
 and the lands held by Peter Littester, on lease from Gilbert Gategang, 
 and in length from the king's highway to the curtilage of John 
 Roughed. Giving also right of election to the said chantry, by the 
 votes of twelve, ten, or eight honest and trustworthy citizens of Gates-
 
 FIFTEENTH CENTURY. 237 
 
 head, after the death of the first priest, Roger of Thorington. The 
 priests of the chantry to reside there, perform the daily office, 
 under a penalty of dismissal, and obey the orders of the rector for the 
 time being. Witnesses, Peter de Lewe, bailiff of Gateshead, John 
 Gategang, James Gategang, William, son of Hutred, Roger Rede, 
 Robert Home, Thomas Vaux, Stephen Nedeler, Thomas Bowes, 
 Walter Potter, Ralph Brydok, John Lardener, Richard de Tesedall, 
 William Horner, and others. The deed states that the chantry had 
 been founded without the license of the then bishop, and now, on the 
 prayer of William of Norham, custodian of the chantry, all the clauses 
 of the foundation are confirmed by Walter Skirlaw, bishop, by John 
 the prior, and by the chapter of Durham. (See Bourne, p. 206.) 
 
 August 1 6. 
 
 In continuation of the favour shown to the town by the king and 
 parliament in November, His Majesty, by letters patent, signed at 
 Pontefract castle this day, granted to the mayor and burgesses of 
 Newcastle, all and singular the fines, redemptions, amercements, issues 
 and forfeitures and other profits in all pleas of which cognisance had 
 previously been given to them as of justices of the peace of servants, 
 etc., to receive and hold the same in support and reparation of the 
 walls and the bridge of the town. 
 
 September 21. 
 
 John Guildford, William Gategang, senior, and Thomas Hoton, 
 came into the chancery at Durham, and acknowledged that they and 
 each of them owed Katherine, prioress of the nunnery of St. Bartholo- 
 mew in Newcastle, the sum of 4/., to be paid at the feast of the 
 Purification next ensuing ; and if payment was not made then the 
 sheriff of Durham and Sadberge should issue his writ, etc.
 
 238 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 1404- 
 
 5 and 6 HENRY IV. 
 Bishop of Durham Walter Skirlaw. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff of Newcastle all the year: 
 
 Robert Chirdon, Mayor, and John Bywell, Sheriff. 
 
 WO parliaments met this year, but nothing is known of 
 the representation of Newcastle. 
 
 March 4. 
 
 The dispute between the prior of the hospital of 
 St. John of Jerusalem and the town of Newcastle 
 respecting lands at Fenham (epitomised in 1376) resulted in favour of 
 the hospital. There is a receipt of this date, from the attorneys- 
 general of Walter Grendon, then prior, acknowledging payment of 
 I2/. IDS. by the mayor, aldermen, and commonalty, in part settlement 
 of 37/. IDS., due the Michaelmas following, as rent of the Fenham 
 coal mines. 
 
 April 23. 
 
 In the minutes of the king's council of this date is an order upon 
 the treasurers for the war to pay Thomas Beaufort, admiral in the 
 north parts, 133/1 6s. 8d. for wages of mariners employed in conveying 
 certain ships and vessels from the port of Newcastle to the mouth of 
 the Thames, for the safeguard of the sea and the defence of the 
 realm, 
 
 October 20. 
 
 The bishop of Durham, after inquisition by Robert Conyers, issues 
 special license permitting Richard Fishlake, chaplain, to assign to 
 Richard Willesby, chaplain, and keeper of the chantry of St. John the 
 Evangelist in All Saints', Newcastle, a messuage in Gateshead lying 
 between the tenement of Agnes Lutter, formerly held by Thomas 
 Moderby, on the north, and the tenement of Neil Chatton, formerly 
 held by Sir Thomas Surtees, on the south ; and an annual rent of 
 95. 6d. from the tenement of John Cook, deceased, and now held by 
 his widow Margaret, to have and to hold, etc., for the support of the 
 said Willesby and his successors ; reserving to the see of Durham, 
 and to the chief lord of the fee, the accustomed dues and service.
 
 FIFTEENTH CENTURY. 239 
 
 A royal grant was obtained this year for founding a fraternity of 
 St. John the Baptist and St. John the Apostle in Newcastle. No 
 such fraternity appears to have had an independent existence in the 
 town, and Brand suggests that it belonged to the Hospital of the 
 Virgin Mary, which in 1412, when Bishop Langley collated a new 
 master, is styled " the House, or Hospital, of the Blessed Mary and 
 St. John the Evangelist, vulgarly called the West-Spital." 
 
 1405. 
 
 6 and 7 HENRY IV. 
 Bishop of Durham Walter Skirlaw. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff of Newcastle all the year : 
 Robert Chirdon, Mayor, and John Bywell, Sheriff. 
 
 HE king was in Newcastle again this year. An insur- 
 rection against him had been organised by the Earl of 
 Northumberland, who had but recently been pardoned 
 for taking part in the Welsh rebellion. His Majesty 
 ordered the confiscation of all the earl's possessions, 
 and learning that, with a great number of his friends and accomplices, 
 the earl was at Berwick, he directed the sheriff of Yorkshire to 
 summon the whole military force of that county to attend him at 
 Newcastle in June. The king is said to have collected for this 
 expedition an army of 37,000 men. He besieged Warkworth Castle 
 for eight days, and captured it, and thence marched to Berwick, which 
 town surrendered at the first shot from the first cannon used in 
 English warfare. Northumberland, with his grandson, the son of 
 Hotspur, fled into Scotland, and the king returning southward 
 captured Alnwick, while other fortresses belonging to the earl were 
 speedily brought to submission. The Earl of Northumberland shortly 
 afterwards made good his escape into Wales, where he again joined 
 Owen Glendower and other rebels. 
 
 July 28. 
 
 The king granted to Roger Thornton of Newcastle, in considera- 
 tion of the losses he had sustained, and the charges he had borne in 
 the late rebellion of the Earl of Northumberland and others, the 
 manor of Kirklcventon, in Cleveland, the Foucher House, in Whickham, 
 and the manor of Aklome, in Cleveland, to the value of $o/. per 
 annum ; any excess above that value to go to the crown.
 
 240 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 November 5. 
 
 Mandate from the king to the mayor of Newcastle and escheator 
 there, stating that whereas the late King Richard, on i$th July 1393, 
 by letters patent had committed to the prior of Tynemouth, William 
 Emeldon, Thomas Herrington, and others, the custody of all the 
 messuages, lands, rents, etc., in Jesmond, Byker, Little Heaton, 
 Newton near Corbridge, Witwam [ Wylam ? ], and Newcastle, 
 which Sampson Harding and John Cramlington, by virtue of a 
 commission from the late king directed to them, took into the hands 
 of the said king, to be held, etc., until it could be determined in the 
 court of the said king whether the messuages, etc., ought to belong to 
 the king or the prior and others ; and it was alleged that the prior and 
 others had alienated in fee to different persons the greater part of the 
 said messuages, etc., for certain sums of money, and had mortgaged 
 part ; and William Emeldon and three others being dead, had left by 
 their wills certain messuages, etc., to certain other persons, contrary to 
 the rights of the crown, etc. The king commands that if these 
 statements be true, the mayor and escheator shall take into his hands 
 the messuages, etc., and faithfully answer for them and the proceeds 
 thereof in the Exchequer. In the following year (2d May 1406) an 
 inquisition was taken in obedience to this mandate before Roger 
 Thornton, mayor and escheator, by the oaths of Thomas Colman, 
 Roger Lisle, John Stokdale, William Ellerby, Thomas Philip, Richard 
 Norwich, William Gardiner, Robert Titlington, and Robert Swinburne, 
 jurors, who found that the prior and the other persons mentioned 
 had not alienated any part of the property, or placed any part at 
 mortgage, or spent or applied the rents, etc., or bequeathed any part 
 of the premises as suggested. 
 
 December 15. 
 
 Date of an agreement between the king and the common society 
 of the Hanse, given at Dordrecht. There had been a dispute between 
 some English shipowners and merchants and the people of the Hanse 
 towns, and Sir William Esturmey and John Kington, canon of 
 Lincoln, were deputed by the king to demand satisfaction. The 
 commonalties of Wismar and Rostock were charged with having, 
 amongst other things, seized, about Easter 1394, a Newcastle ship, 
 called the Good Year, of 200 tons burthen, the property of Roger 
 Thornton, Robert Gabiford, John Paulin, and Thomas Chester, valued 
 at 4OO/., and laden with woollen cloth, red wine, etc., to the amount of 
 200 marks English, and it was alleged that two of her crew were 
 killed and the rest detained in prison three years. The merchants of
 
 FIFTEENTH CENTURY. 241 
 
 the Hanse complained, on their part, that Albert Redewish of Prussia, 
 having brought goods to Newcastle, and paid the usual custom of 3d. 
 in the pound for all his wares, had been charged by the bailiffs of the 
 town 7/. sterling more than their due. The dispute was settled by 
 Esturmey and Kington, and the Dordrecht agreement placed com- 
 mercial relations between England and the Hanse towns on an 
 amicable footing. 
 
 1406. 
 
 7 and 8 HENRY IV. 
 Bishops of Durham Walter Skirlaw and Thomas Langley. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 Robert Chirdon, Mayor, and John Bywell, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff elected at Michaelmas : 
 Mayor William Johnson. Shreiff William Redmarshall. 
 
 ARLIAMENT met at Westminster on the ist March, 
 and sat by adjournments till the close of the year. 
 The representatives of Newcastle were 
 
 John Paulin and Robert Hibburn. 
 
 March 24. 
 
 Died in peace and honour, full of years and good works, Walter 
 Skirlaw, bishop of Durham. He was buried on the north side of the 
 choir in the cathedral, where his marble tomb with his effigy in brass 
 stood for many years. " He was a pious and humble prelate, whose 
 name is transmitted to posterity only by his works of charity and 
 munificence." His successor, Thomas Langley, afterwards Cardinal, 
 was elected on the i/th May. 
 
 April 6. 
 
 Parliament having agreed that the merchants, mariners, and ship- 
 owners of England should have the keeping of the seas, the king on 
 this date sends his writ to the mayor of Newcastle and the authorities 
 of other ports in the following terms : " Whereas, in our present 
 parliament, with the assent of the lords spiritual and temporal, and 
 the commons of our kingdom of England in the same parliament 
 assembled, it was agreed that the merchants of our kingdom of 
 England aforesaid shall have the custody of the seas from the ist 
 May next coming, to the feast of St. Michael next following, and for a
 
 242 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 year after ; and for that custody shall receive 33. on each tun of wine, 
 I2d. in the , the fourth part of the subsidy of wool, hides, and 
 woolfells from the 1st April instant till Michaelmas twelvemonth, so 
 that the same merchants shall place upon the seas certain men-of-war 
 sufficiently furnished ; and that such sum as the said tonnage, 
 poundage, and fourth part may realise from Candlemas to the ist 
 May next, the said merchants shall have and take from the other 
 three parts of the said subsidy on wools, etc., shipped after the 
 ist May next ; and that the same merchants shall render a faithful 
 account of all they receive from the aforesaid tonnage, poundage, and 
 fourth part ; and that one of the collectors of the tonnage, poundage, 
 and subsidy shall be nominated by us, and the other by the said 
 merchants. We, willing to observe and fulfil in all respects the 
 aforesaid agreement, command and firmly enjoin that you call before 
 you the aldermen of the town and such other merchants of the town 
 as to you may appear most expedient, for common counsel and assent, 
 and the aforesaid agreement, wisely, discreetly, and quickly as you 
 can, complete, fulfil, and follow ; taking care that by your negligence 
 or lukewarmness the said agreement be in no way broken, set aside, 
 or impeded, nor any damage or peril be occasioned to us, or our 
 kingdom, or our lieges. And in this, as ye respect the state and 
 prosperity of us, and our kingdom, and the public welfare of all our 
 people, ye shall nothing omit, as ye would wish to avoid our indigna- 
 tion, and the peril which may follow if the premises are not carried 
 out." A similar writ, dated i6th August, is sent to the mayor and 
 sheriff of Newcastle ; in the previous document the mayor only 
 appears. In the autumn so many complaints arose of the manner in 
 which the merchants were fulfilling their part of the agreement, that 
 parliament interposed and petitioned the king to withdraw it. On 
 the 2Oth October the collectors of custom and subsidy at Newcastle 
 and other places were ordered to hold the above-named proportions 
 of taxation in hand as and from the I4th September ; and the 
 merchants being relieved of their undertaking, the question of paying 
 for the services of ships, men, etc., was referred to the king's council. 
 
 November 14. 
 
 Date of a deed by which William Hoton of Brandon quits claim 
 to master John Fayt, clerk, a tenement called the Pold-hall, in the 
 Mele Market, Newcastle, between a tenement which Beatrice Bedling- 
 ton holds in fee of the master of West Spital on the south, and a 
 tenement which John of Aukland held in fee of John Bulkham on the 
 north, and in length from the Mele Market to the street of Westgate. 
 Witnesses William Johnson, mayor; William Redmarshall. sheriff;
 
 FIFTEENTH CENTURY. 
 
 243 
 
 Roger Thornton, William Essington, William Langton, and others. 
 In the Archceologia sliana y vol. ii-33, new series, this is printed "8th 
 November, 14 Henry IV.," an evident misprint for I4th November, 
 8 Henry IV. 
 
 1407. 
 
 8 and 9 HENRY IV. 
 Bishop of Durham Thomas Langley. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 William Johnson, Mayor, and William Redmarshall, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff elected at Michaelmas Uncertain. Bourne 
 continues the mayor and sheriff of 1402*- 
 
 Robert Chirdon and John Bywell. 
 
 ARLIAMENT was summoned to meet at Gloucester 
 on the 2Oth October. 
 
 William Johnson and William Langton 
 were the members for Newcastle. 
 
 June 27. 
 
 Several sums of money had been advanced by various persons, 
 among others, the bishop of Durham 100 marks, for payment of the 
 wages of soldiers, artificers, and other officers employed in the town 
 and castle of Calais ; and on this date the king sends his mandate to 
 the collectors of customs and subsidy in the port of Newcastle and 
 other towns, stating that he is anxious to pay off these sums, and to 
 secure prompt payment of wages to his servants at Calais in future ; 
 to which end the collectors are to send their collections to the 
 Exchequer every fifteen days after shipment of goods upon which 
 customs and subsidy are payable.
 
 244 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 1408. 
 
 9 and 10 HENRY IV. 
 Bishop of Durham Thomas Langley 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff elected this year Uncertain. See previous year. 
 
 February 19. 
 
 ATTLE of Bramham Moor. The Earl of Northumber- 
 land returned from Wales at the beginning of the year, 
 and being joined by several of his adherents, marched 
 into Yorkshire. At Thirsk he issued a manifesto 
 containing the reasons why he had taken up arms 
 
 against the king. His forces were attacked at Bramham Moor, and 
 the earl being slain, his head was sent to London, and one of his 
 quarters to Newcastle. 
 
 February . 
 
 In Hilary term a cause was heard respecting the tenure of three 
 acres of land called Sandyford Flatt, with a windmill below Jesmond, 
 which had been taken into the hands of the king. The jury found 
 that this property was not held of the king in capite, but of the keeper 
 of the chapel of St. Thomas the Martyr on Tyne Bridge. 
 
 July 29. 
 
 Date of probate of the will of Cecilia Homildon. Directs her 
 body to be buried in St. Nicholas' Church, Newcastle. Bequeaths to 
 the high altar of that church for forgotten tenths, 6s. 8d. ; to the fabric 
 of that church, 2O/. ; to the priest celebrating divine worship there, if 
 she can do so, 14 marks for three years ; to the anchorite of the said 
 town, to celebrate, etc., for one year, 8 marks ; for her funeral 
 expenses, 10 marks ; to be distributed amongst the poor, 403. ; to the 
 brethren of the religious orders in Newcastle, 2os. each ; to the chapel 
 on the bridge, I2lbs. of wax, a table-cloth, etc. Other bequests to the 
 prior of Durham ; William Weremouth ; Thomasin, daughter of John 
 Paul ; Thomas White ; Agnes, maidservant of Andrew Bulkham ; 
 Agnes Lely ; Agnes Schales ; Repowne, clerk ; John Wee, chaplain ; 
 John Hall, chaplain ; Thomas Stanhope ; and William Couseby 
 parochial chaplain. Executor, William Wearmouth, with Thomas 
 White as coadjutor. 
 
 August 5, 
 
 Date of an indenture between William Syre of Gateshead and 
 Thomas Fournays, for building a staith of square stone. Fournays 
 undertakes to complete, faithfully and well, for the said William,
 
 FIFTEENTH CENTURY. 245 
 
 a staith upon his capital messuage in Pipewellgate, upon the water of 
 Tyne to the north, and extending 18 feet in the ground-ebb of the 
 Tyne. The first hundred of tailstones to be of two and a-half feet, 
 and the residue of three feet, and greater outside than inside, and the 
 western part of the staith to be firmly bound together with coggle- 
 stones. The work to be completed about the feast of St. Nicholas 
 next following, unless it should be hindered by tempests, floods, or 
 the malice of the men of Newcastle. A sufficient latrine within the 
 staith to be provided. And for this work, without defect completed, 
 William is to pay Thomas 10 marks sterling. Witnesses Peter 
 Lewe, bailiff of Gateshead, Alan Gategang, James Gategang, Peter 
 Tinctor [dyer], Roger Reed, Cuthbert Clerk, and others. 
 
 1409. 
 
 10 and n HENRY IV. 
 Bishop of Durham Thomas Langley. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff' of Newcastle till Michaelmas Uncertain. 
 Bourne's List has 
 
 Robert Chirdon, Mayor, and John Bywell, Sheriff, 
 who were the mayor and sheriff of 1407. 
 
 Mayor- and Sheriff elected at Michaelmas : 
 Mayor William Langton. Sheriff William Middleton. 
 Bourne spells the mayor's name " Aughton." 
 
 HIS was a singularly uneventful year in Northumber- 
 land and Durham. On the Borders, the men of 
 Teviotdale took to arms and captured Jedburgh, but 
 a truce was soon afterwards concluded. All over the 
 kingdom tranquillity prevailed, and continued for 
 several years. 
 
 March 20. 
 
 Letters of protection for twelve months granted to the bishop of 
 Durham, who is proceeding to Tuscany, and other parts beyond the 
 seas, on business touching the king and the kingdom of England. 
 
 Deed enrolled at Durham whereby Master Allan Newerk, master, 
 and the brethren of Sherburn Hospital, grant to John Boterell certain 
 tofts, etc., in the vill of Gateshead, for a term of forty-seven years, at 
 a rent of 145. per annum.
 
 246 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 1410. 
 
 ii and 12 HENRY IV. 
 
 Bishop of Durham Thomas Langley. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 
 William Langton, Mayor, and William Middleton, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff elected at Michaelmas " The same," in Bourne's 
 List. 
 
 O returns to the parliament which assembled this year 
 at Westminster, so far as the county of Northumber- 
 land is concerned, can be found. 
 
 June 1 8. 
 
 Another stage was reached in the controversy between the mayor 
 and burgesses of Newcastle and the bishop of Durham. The bishop 
 pleaded, in Chancery, that from time immemorial he and his prede- 
 cessors had held, peaceably and freely, the county and liberty of 
 Durham, within the waters of Tyne and Tees, to the middle parts of 
 those waters, with the exception of the middle part of Tyne Bridge, 
 lying next to Gateshead, concerning which middle part Bishop Ford- 
 ham, and all his predecessors in the see, had been peaceably seised 
 until, in the second year of Fordham's consecration [1383], William 
 Bishopdale, the mayor, and the bailiffs of Newcastle, began to build a 
 tower upon the half of the bridge adjoining Gateshead, which tower 
 they completed in the time of Bishop Skirlaw, and removed certain 
 stones lying in the middle of the bridge, and also the metes and 
 bounds between the bishopric and the town, to the damage of the 
 bishop and the disinheritance of the Church, pretending that the 
 bridge belonged to the town of Newcastle, and was held with it by 
 payment of the fee-farm rent. The bishop appeared in person, and 
 the mayor and burgesses by Roger Thornton, William Johnson, 
 Robert Gabefore, or Gabiford, John Wall, William Redmarshall, 
 John Paulin, Robert Whelpington, Thomas Smith, and Nicholas Wym- 
 byssh, their attorneys. There was an adjournment, and the bishop 
 offered the mayor, and Roger Thornton, William Johnson, and John 
 Paulin, burgesses, that if they and eight other sufficient burgesses of the 
 town would swear singly and specially that the temporal jurisdiction 
 of the liberty of the bishop extended to any certain place, limited and 
 assigned by them, on the bridge, and that beyond that place his 
 jurisdiction never had extended, then the bishop during his life would
 
 FIFTEENTH CENTURY. 247 
 
 never exercise his jurisdiction beyond that place. Whereupon 
 Langton, Thornton, Johnson, and Paulin, with John Bywell, William 
 Essington, Robert Chirdon, William Redmarshall, Robert Hebburn, 
 William Middleton, John Wall, and Robert Swinburne, appeared 
 before the bishop and his council in the chapter house at Durham, on 
 25th March [1412], and swore as follows : " I say by mine oath, that 
 the franchise and temporal jurisdiction of St. Cuthbert of Durham, and 
 of Thomas, bishop of the church of St. Cuthbert of Durham, and of 
 his predecessors, sometime bishops of the same church, extends him 
 out of the town of Gateshead towards the town of the Newcastle, in 
 the highway that lies over the bridge to a place that is called Jargon- 
 hole, and no further on the same bridge in the way towards the town 
 of the Newcastle from the aforesaid town of Gateshead. And that 
 the predecessors of the same bishop, nor their ministers in their name, 
 have no further rightfully used temporal jurisdiction on the same 
 bridge." The Court of Chancery did not think this oath sufficient, 
 and ordered the cause to stand over for a further reply from the 
 mayor and burgesses. 
 
 John Claton, Esquire, enters into recognisances to the bishop of 
 Durham to permit his wife Matilda to levy and collect certain rents in 
 Newcastle, Gateshead, and Boldon, " during the time of their existing 
 discord," and to assign certain lands to her in the event of her 
 mother's decease. 
 
 Brand mentions that in Dodsworth's collections in the Bodleian 
 Library he finds a reference this year to the White Cross, which 
 stood between the Dominican Monastery and St. Andrew's Church, 
 near the northern entrance to what is now called Low Friar Street. 
 
 Tin WHITE CROSS (17S4V
 
 SECOND DECADE 1411-20. 
 
 I4II. 
 
 12 and 13 HENRY IV. 
 
 Bishop of Durham Thomas Langley. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 
 William Langton, Mayor, and William Middleton, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff elected at Michaelmas "The same" in 
 Bourne's List. 
 
 EMBERS elected to serve in the parliament sum- 
 moned to meet at Westminster on the 3d 
 November 
 
 Roger Thornton and Roger Booth. 
 
 February 7. 
 
 Date of the will of Sir Robert Ogle, who 
 married Joan, third daughter and co-heir of Sir 
 Alan Heton, lord of Bothal. Bequeaths to each of the mendicant 
 orders in Newcastle 2os., or the value of it, at the discretion of his 
 executors ; to William Carr, for life, all his lands and tenements in 
 the vill of Heaton, near Newcastle ; and to Thomas, son of Robert 
 Hebborn of Newcastle, two mares, with their belongings. Adminis- 
 tration granted on the 25th August. 
 
 March 8. 
 
 The bishop of Durham granted an indulgence of forty days, to 
 continue in force a year, to any one who, confessing his sins, and being 
 truly contrite and penitent, should contribute to the ransom of Simon
 
 FIFTEENTH CENTURY. 
 
 249 
 
 Chandy of Newcastle, who had been taken prisoner by the French, 
 and could not obtain his liberty but by the payment of a great sum. 
 
 June 6. 
 
 On this date Pope John XXIII. presented the bishop of Durham 
 with a cardinal's hat. " For what special service or merit this 
 distinction was bestowed," adds Hutchinson, " is not known." 
 
 Pardon granted to Roger Thornton of Newcastle this year for 
 purchasing without license from Thomas, brother of Hugh Redheugh, 
 Gateshead, the manor of Axwell. 
 
 1412. 
 
 13 and 14 HENRY IV. 
 Bishop of Durham Thomas Langley. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 William Langton, Mayor, and William Middleton, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff elected at Michaelmas " The same " in 
 Bourne's List. 
 
 June 10. 
 
 E of a royal license to Roger Thornton to found 
 and endow the Maison Dieu of St. Katherine, or 
 Thornton's Hospital, on the Sandhill, Newcastle, 
 and the chantry of St. Peter, in the church of All 
 Saints. In 1403, as already shown, leave was given 
 to Thornton to assign to the mayor and burgesses a 
 piece of land for the erection of the Maison Dieu, 
 and it may be supposed that the building was by this time approach- 
 ing completion. The license states that in consideration of a certain 
 sum of money lately paid into our chamber, license is granted to the 
 said Roger to found, create, and establish a certain hospital in honour 
 of St. Katherine, in a messuage of his in part lately built on the 
 Sandhill, 100 feet long by 40 feet broad, for a chaplain to celebrate 
 every day therein divine worship for the health of the said Roger 
 during his life, and for his soul after his death, and for the souls of his 
 father and mother, and Agnes, lately his wife, their ancestors and 
 successors, and for all the faithful dead ; and for nine poor men and 
 four poor women in the said hospital continually residing. The
 
 250 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 chaplain is to be master of the hospital, and in the name of the master, 
 brethren, and sisters, the hospital is to be capable of holding lands, 
 receiving rents, etc., to plead and be impleaded, and to have a common 
 seal. Leave is also given to the said Roger to make, found, and 
 establish a chantry for one chaplain to perform the divine office every 
 day in the chapel of All Saints, at the altar of St. Peter, according to 
 the ordinance of the said Roger, or his executors ; and to give and 
 assign to the master, brethren, and sisters of the hospital, the above 
 named messuage and its appurtenances for their habitation and 
 sustenance ; and also that he, his heirs, assigns, or executors, shall 
 have power to give lands, tenements, and rents, to the value of io/. 
 per annum, which he holds of the king in burgage, and to acquire 
 lands not so held, and at discretion to apportion the same between 
 the hospital and the chantry. 
 
 August 9. 
 
 William Burnham, prior and master of the Virgin Mary Hospital 
 in the Westgate, died this day. He left behind him only two regular 
 brethren William Carliol and Robert Leckinfield who, on the 26th 
 October, transferred to Cardinal Langley, the bishop of Durham, their 
 right to elect a new master. The cardinal made no appointment till 
 nearly twelve months afterwards, when he collated one of the 
 survivors William Carliol to the office. It is noticeable that in the 
 bishop's letter of appointment this foundation is denominated, " the 
 house or hospital of the Blessed Mary and St. John the Evangelist, 
 vulgarly called the West Spital." 
 
 CHANCEL OF THE VIRGIN JURY HOSPITAL (1844).
 
 FIFTEENTH CENTURY. 251 
 
 1413. 
 
 14 HENRY IV. and i HENRY V. 
 
 Bishop of Durham Thomas Langley. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff of Newcastle till Michaelmas: 
 
 William Langton, Mayor, and William Middleton, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff elected at Michaelmas " The same " in Bourne's 
 List. 
 
 HE king died on the 2Oth March, and was succeeded 
 by his son, under the name and style of Henry V. 
 
 Richard Dalton and Robert Whelpington 
 
 were sent by the burgesses of Newcastle to Henry 
 V.'s first parliament, which assembled at West- 
 minster on the I4th May. 
 No mention is made of confirmations or grants to Newcastle 
 in this reign 1413-22. His Majesty did not visit the town, and 
 indeed spent most of his time in France, of which kingdom he was 
 appointed regent and heir. In the North of England his reign was 
 uneventful. Rymer describes it as a period " wherein lived no writer 
 of note to describe or transmit the transactions to posterity." 
 
 August 21. 
 
 Date of a writ from the king to the mayor and sheriff of Newcastle 
 and the authorities throughout England, ordering proclamation to be 
 made against the sect called the Lollards, who, in the preceding reign, 
 had alarmed the clergy by preaching against their enormous revenues. 
 In the 2d of Henry IV. an act was passed for burning these obstinate 
 reformers, and in May this year a convocation of the clergy was held, 
 at which strong measures were advocated, and the king was induced, 
 as above stated, to issue a proclamation, forbidding the Lollards to 
 hold meetings, or any person to be present at such meetings, under 
 penalty of imprisonment and forfeiture. In September, Sir John 
 Oldcastle, Baron of Cobham, a former companion of the king, was 
 cited to appear before the ecclesiastical courts as a Lollard, and 
 neelectin the citation, was seized, tried, and condemned to be burnt. 
 
 o o 
 
 He contrived to escape into Wales, and remained at large till 
 February 1418, when he was again taken, and burnt in St. Giles' 
 Fields, London.
 
 252 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 1414. 
 
 i and 2 HENRY V. 
 
 Bishop of Durham Thomas Langley. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 
 William Langton, Mayor, William Middleton, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff elected at Michaelmas : 
 Mayor Robert Hebborn. Sheriff William Middleton. 
 
 EMBERS of parliament for Newcastle : first, 
 William Middleton and Robert Swinburne, 
 
 who each attended forty days, and received S/. for 
 their pay ; and, in the autumn, 
 
 William Johnson and Robert Whelpington. 
 
 January 28. 
 
 The king commands the sheriff of Newcastle to proclaim within 
 the town and suburbs that a truce has been arranged with the king of 
 France and his allies, the kings of Scotland, of the Romans, Castile 
 and Leon,. Bohemia, Navarre, and of Aragon, the Dukes of Holland 
 and Brabant, Earl March of Scotland, the lord of Man, and the lord of 
 the Scottish Isles, to remain in force, by land and sea, for a year from 
 the rising of the sun on the day of the purification of the most blessed 
 and glorious Virgin next ensuing, until the setting of the sun at the 
 following feast of the purification [Feb. 2, 1415]. February 4. Similar 
 writ to the sheriff of Newcastle, ordering proclamation to be made of 
 a truce with the Duke of Brittany to last for ten years, from the 3d of 
 January last past. February n. Writ to the sheriff of Newcastle 
 stating that representatives of England and Flanders are to meet in 
 the Marches of Picardy on the i$th May, for the reformation and 
 reparation of attempts against the form of provision and security 
 arranged between the two peoples, and ordering him to proclaim 
 throughout the town and suburbs, that any one who can give 
 evidence of such attempts, may appear in person, or by sufficient 
 procurators, before the said representatives at Calais on the day above 
 named. February 12. Similar writ to the sheriff of Newcastle 
 respecting the truce with Brittany. Witnesses are to appear in the 
 Isle of Guernsey on the 1st May. The same day the king orders
 
 FIFTEENTH CENTURY. 253 
 
 proclamation to be made in Newcastle of the truce with the king of 
 Castile and Leon, and that no subject shall arm any vessel, or do 
 any damage by land or by sea to goods or persons in that king's 
 allegiance. 
 
 September 26. 
 
 Mandate from the king to the collectors of customs and keepers of 
 passage in the port of Newcastle, commanding that no merchant or 
 any other person, of whatsoever state, grade, or condition, shall 
 transport any gunpowder from the port to places beyond, without 
 the king's special permission. 
 
 John Dolphanby of Gateshead, the younger, enters into recog- 
 nisances to the bishop of Durham for the payment by John 
 Dolphanby of Gateshead, the elder, of 100 marks for the farm of the 
 coal mines of that vill. 
 
 2 and 3 HENRY V. 
 Bishop of Durham Thomas Langley. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff of Newcastle till Michaelmas: 
 Robert Hebborn, Mayor, and William Middleton, Sheriff. 
 
 Hebborn died in his mayoralty, and his will was proved at 
 Durham on the 27th September. Yet in Bourne's List he is 
 re-elected at Michaelmas two days after probate. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff elected at Michaelmas Unknown. 
 
 HE members of parliament for Newcastle this year 
 arc not recorded. 
 
 February 24. 
 
 Date of a writ from the king to the sheriff of 
 Newcastle, ordering him to proclaim a prolongation 
 of the truce with the king of Castile and Leon for 
 another year, commencing at the feast of the purification of the 
 Virgin. 
 
 April ii. 
 
 The king, by his letters patent, appointed Nicholas Mauduit, his 
 sergcant-at-arms, to impress vessels of 20 tons and upwards in the
 
 254 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 water of Thames, and in each port upon the coast as far as Newcastle, 
 and in that port until the ist May ensuing ; and such vessels 
 so arrested, which belong to the kingdom, are to be taken to South- 
 ampton, and vessels not belonging to England are to be conveyed to 
 Winchelsea, London, or Sandwich, so that they be at those places not 
 later than the 8th May. All and singular sheriffs, mayors, bailiffs, 
 seneschals, constables, provosts, keepers of ports and passage, and 
 all masters and mariners of ships, etc., are to give aid and counsel. 
 
 May 21. 
 
 Murdoch of Fife, son and heir-apparent of the Duke of Albany, 
 who had been taken prisoner at Homeldon Hill in 1402, was to have 
 been exchanged for Sir Henry Percy, son of Hotspur, and grandson 
 and heir of Henry, Earl of Northumberland. Under this date 
 instructions were issued by the council to John Hull and William 
 Chancellor, Esquires, to convey Murdoch to the North, for the purpose 
 of completing the exchange in due form at Berwick ; they were 
 first of all to bring him to Newcastle, "and at their coming to present 
 to the mayor and sheriff of that town letters from our lord the king 
 addressed to them under the Privy Seal," and afterwards convey their 
 charge to Warkworth. For some unknown reason the exchange was 
 not effected at this time, and Murdoch, after attempting to escape, 
 was brought back a prisoner to England, where he remained till the 
 close of the year, when the exchange was completed. 
 
 June 23. 
 
 Date of the will of Lord Scrope, among whose bequests were a 
 book of meditations, commencing " Cum bona aventura cum Passione," 
 to the bishop of Durham, for a remembrance ; and a sum of 133. 4d. 
 to the recluse in the house of the Friars' Preachers, or Black Friars, 
 at Newcastle. 
 
 August 2. 
 
 Sir Thomas Grey of Wark tried at Southampton, and confessing 
 that he had conspired, with others, to kill the king, was decapitated, 
 and his head sent northward to be placed upon one of the gates of 
 Newcastle, " in view of the people passing by." 
 
 August 3. 
 
 On this day Robert Hebborn, mayor of Newcastle, made his will 
 which was proved on the 2/th September as follows : I, Robert 
 Hebborn, mayor of the town of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, sick in body 
 but sound in mind, considering the deceitfulness of this world, the 
 imminent peril of death, and that here we have no abiding city, but 
 seek the future, on Friday the $d day of August, in the year of our
 
 FIFTEENTH CENTURY. 255 
 
 Lord 1415, at the said town of Newcastle, make my will in this 
 manner : First, I leave my soul to God, blessed Mary, and all the 
 saints, and my body to be buried in the church of All Saints' in the 
 said town, before the altar of the chantry of St. John the Evangelist. 
 I give and bequeath to Agnes my wife all that capital messuage, my 
 burgage, with its appurtenances, lying in the said town of Newcastle, 
 in the street called the Close, bounded on the west by the tenement of 
 Robert Clifford, to have and to hold, etc., for her life, and after her 
 death to Thomas, my son and heir, and his heirs and assigns, for ever. 
 I give and bequeath to Robert, my son, all my lands and tenements, or 
 burgages . . . outside the gate of Sandgate, with remainder to my son 
 Thomas. I give and bequeath to Roger, my son, all lands and 
 tenements in the said town which I hold in fee from the master and 
 brethren of Wall Knoll, above the Quayside or below Pandon, with 
 remainder to my son Thomas. I will that all my movable goods 
 after full payment of my debts shall be divided so that one part 
 shall remain to my executors, to be distributed as they shall see fit for 
 the good of my soul, another part to my wife Agnes, and a third part 
 to my sons, their legacies notwithstanding. I give and bequeath to 
 Margaret, my daughter, 40 marks, provided always that she marry by 
 the advice and counsel of my executors and Richard Dalton, and 
 other of her brothers aforesaid. Residue to Agnes, my wife, and 
 Thomas, my son, to distribute for the good of my soul. Executors 
 Agnes, my wife, Thomas, my son, and Richard Dalton. 
 
 August 7. 
 
 Writ from the king to the sheriff of Newcastle, and other towns 
 and counties, ordering him to make public proclamation that the men 
 of the town are to keep watch from night to night in the town, until 
 the feast of All Saints' ensuing, as before this time they were 
 accustomed to do ; that none of the king's lieges who keep common 
 inns are to allow any unknown stranger to remain in their houses 
 beyond a day and a night without manifest knowledge of his business 
 in so remaining ; and that if any such stranger, so remaining beyond 
 a day and a night, shall refuse to reveal or disclose his business, the 
 authorities shall arrest him and commit him to prison, there to remain 
 until the king shall order his liberation. 
 
 October 25. 
 
 The bishop of Durham appointed John Boterell to be bailiff of 
 his manor and vill of Gateshead, to hold courts there, and levy rents 
 for his several fisheries in the Tync and elsewhere belonging to that 
 manor.
 
 256 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 November 28. 
 
 The mayor " and bailiffs " (?) of Newcastle are commanded to 
 proclaim that, or one year from date, none of the king's lieges shall 
 presume to go to insular parts of the kingdoms of Dacia and Norway, 
 and especially to the island of Iceland, to fish, or for other causes, 
 except as they have anciently been accustomed. 
 
 December 2. 
 
 In the Cotton MSS. is a copy of a letter from the king to some 
 person apparently in authority on the Tyne, whose name does not 
 appear. The king states that his good friends, lieges of the town of 
 Newcastle Robert Hornse and John Strother grievously complain 
 that the Scotch lately, with divers ballingers arrayed as of war, 
 assailed them upon the sea-coast, and took their bodies, goods, and 
 chattels, to the great destruction and impoverishment of these poor 
 lieges ; whereupon the said Robert and John, in resistance of the 
 malice of the king's enemies, armed at their adventure and cost two 
 ballingers, and took two ships of Flanders, laden with divers goods, 
 chattels, and stuffs, which they brought into Shields. The person to 
 whom the letter is addressed had, in conjunction with others, taken 
 possession of the prizes and carried them to Newcastle, and there 
 detained them without warrant. The king taking into consideration 
 that which is above written, and also the great cost and expense which 
 the said Robert and John have had in capturing the said ships, 
 commands that the goods, chattels, and stuffs be delivered to Robert 
 and John without delay, or cause be shown before the council at 
 Westminster. On the 3Oth January the council record in their 
 minutes that the vessels above mentioned had been restored to their 
 Flemish owners, according to the terms of the truce between England 
 and Flanders. 
 
 In the rolls of Bishop Langley (tenth year) is a recognisance 
 entered into by John Alnwick of Newcastle, butcher, John Boterell of 
 Winlaton, John Kempe of Durham, and John Dyghton of Durham, 
 for the appearance of the said John Alnwick before the bishop's 
 justices, to answer concerning a ballinger and another vessel called 
 " Busse," laden with merchandise, which had been seized in the port 
 of Holy Island by the bishop's officers. Same year is a similar 
 recognisance from John Birtley of Birtley, John Dolphanby of Gates- 
 head, John Gildford of Gateshead, and others, for the payment of all 
 rents, etc., received by Birtley as coroner of Chester ward, and arrears 
 thereof, or in default to surrender himself at the gaol of Durham ; and 
 that he shall duly execute the said office. Birtley and Gildford were 
 commissioners of array two years later.
 
 FIFTEENTH CENTURY. 257 
 
 A petition to parliament this year asks for consideration of the 
 poverty and mischief in which the lieges of the king dwelling in 
 the counties of Northumberland, Newcastle, Cumberland, and the 
 bishopric of Durham, and upon the coasts from the Sea of Orwell 
 to Berwick-upon-Tweed, are placed, and notably by the mischief of a 
 statute and ordinance passed in the parliament at Leicester in the 
 second year of the king's reign, by which statute, among other things, 
 it was ordained and declared that murders, robberies, spoilings, etc., 
 etc., committed by any of the lieges and subjects of the king within 
 the realms of England, Ireland, and Wales, or upon the high seas, are 
 adjudged to be high treason, whereas, before the passing of the said 
 ordinance, the principal remedy of the petitioners was by impounding 
 or distress, in default of redress from the Scots. The petitioners ask 
 that the statute may be repealed, so far as it affects them, and that 
 they may have their former remedies restored. The reply is : " Let 
 modification of it be made by the king our sovereign lord, according to 
 his very high and wise discretion, and that by the authority of this 
 present parliament." 
 
 I4l6. 
 
 3 and 4 HENRY V. 
 
 Bishop of Durham Thomas Langley. 
 Mayor and Sheriff of Newcastle till Michaelmas: 
 
 Mayor Unknown. Bourne's List continues Middleton as sheriff 
 for the seventh time. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff elected at Michaelmas : 
 Mayor Roger Thornton. Sheriff John Strother. 
 
 Two parliaments were summoned ; but no records of elections in 
 Newcastle have been discovered. 
 
 end was made this year to the protracted dispute 
 between the mayor and burgesses of Newcastle and 
 the bishop of Durham, respecting the boundaries of 
 the bishopric in the Tyne and on Tyne bridge. In 
 May 1383, William Bishopdalc, then mayor, and the 
 commonalty of the town, as already recorded, began 
 to take very active measures against the bishop, for 
 pretending that they had authority under the charter of king John,
 
 258 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 they erected a tower on the bishop's side of the bridge, and took away 
 the boundary stones of his liberty. The court of chancery sent the 
 case to the king's bench, which latter court did not approve of these 
 lawless adventures on the part of the authorities in Newcastle, and in 
 the end the bishop won, and the corporation were obliged to surrender 
 their tower and restore the boundary stones in presence of eighteen 
 knights, twenty-one esquires, and other persons a most humiliating 
 termination of their high-handed proceedings. Vol. xxxvi. of the 
 Mickleton MSS., in bishop Cosin's library, contains the subjoined 
 epitome of the proceedings, which has not before been published 
 " Thomas Langley, bishop of Durham, in the first year of the reign of 
 king Henry the Fifth, did exhibit a bill unto the king in parliament, 
 complaining of certain wrongs done unto his predecessors in the time of 
 king Richard the Second, against the mayor and commonalty of the 
 town of Newcastle-on-Tyne, as in usurping upon his liberties and fran- 
 chises, and entering into a moiety of the bridge extending over the 
 river of Tyne, between the said town of Newcastle-on-Tyne, upon the 
 north, into the town of Gateshead, upon the south, which his prede- 
 cessors had been seised of time out of mind ; and for removing and 
 carrying away two stones, called Cuthbert stones, being bounders 
 betwixt the jurisdiction and liberty of the said bishop and the said town 
 of Newcastle-on-Tyne ; and for building of a tower upon the said 
 moiety of the said bridge ; which bill was endorsed and sent into chan- 
 cery, giving the chancellor that then was, and should be, full power and 
 authority to take and hear their complaints, answers, reasons, and alle- 
 gations concerning the said matter in controversy, and to examine the 
 circumstance of the same, and to do right unto the said parties at the 
 direction of the said chancellor, in which the parties pleaded unto 
 issue. And upon a new bill exhibited into parliament at Leycester the 
 last day of April, in the 2d Henry V., and endorsed, authority was 
 given to the chancellor to deliver or send over the said record unto the 
 king's bench, and by the same authority was given unto the justice of 
 the said bench to proceed to trial and award process unto the 
 counties of Westmoreland and Cumberland, which record was 
 delivered in the said bench accordingly by the said chancellor. And 
 issue being joined, process was awarded against certain jurors of 
 the counties of Westmoreland and Cumberland, which at the last 
 appeared, and found two parts of the moiety of the said bridge to be 
 the right of the said bishop, and to belong unto him, in right of his 
 church of St. Cuthbert of Durham, and assessed damages for the 
 wrongful entry into the said two parts of the said bridge, as for 
 removing of the said mete stones. Whereupon judgment was 
 given that the said bishop should recover the said two parts of the
 
 FIFTEENTH CENTURY. 259 
 
 moiety of the said bridge, which two parts makes and contains a full 
 third part thereof, and the tower which the mayor and commonalty 
 had builded thereon, and damages as well for the said entry and 
 usurpation as for removing the said bounder stones as by the record 
 thereof more at large appeareth, which recovery was executed by 
 a writ directed to the sheriff of Westmoreland, and possession 
 delivered of the said two parts of the said bridge and tower accordingly 
 unto Sir Raufe Eyre, knight, and others by warrant of attorney, made 
 by the said bishop, bearing date the [blank] day of [blank], in the 
 fourth year of the reign of king Henry the Fifth, at which possession 
 taking were present 18 knights, and 21 esquires and gentlemen, as by 
 the said warrant of attorney doth appear." Brand, on the authority 
 of the Aubone MS., quotes from a book belonging to the corporation, 
 from which it appears that the execution was opposed, though it is not 
 stated how far the opposition went. The book quoted from stigmatises 
 the decision of the jurors of Westmoreland and Cumberland as " the 
 false verdict." Surtees states that the formal surrender took place on 
 the 3d of August, when the bishop took possession, "with all his 
 chivalry." 
 
 February 2. 
 
 William Carliol, one of the two surviving brethren of the Virgin 
 Mary Hospital, who, as recorded in 1413, had been collated by the 
 bishop of Durham to the mastership, received under this date a 
 citation from the bishop, announcing his lordship's intention to visit 
 the hospital, and enclosing a commission for the safe keeping of 
 the goods of the same. A fortnight afterwards Carliol resigned, and 
 in the following year (28th October 1417) the bishop collated John 
 Fitzhenry, canon of the priory of Newburgh, Yorkshire, to succeed 
 him. 
 
 March 15. 
 
 Date of the will [proved 23d February 1417] of William 
 Essington of Newcastle, burgess. Desires that his body may be 
 buried wherever God disposes. Bequeaths to the high altar of his 
 parish church for omitted tenths and oblations, 2Os. ; to the fabric of St. 
 Nicholas, 3O/. ; to the chapel of St. John, 5 marks ; to each of the men- 
 dicant orders in Newcastle, 133. 4d. ; to each of the bedridden poor 
 in the town, 6d. ; to his son Nicholas, all his lands and tenements within 
 Newcastle and outside the walls, and if Nicholas shall die without 
 heirs, the same to be sold, and the proceeds distributed for the good of 
 his soul and that of the wife, Alicia, and their children ; to his aforesaid 
 son Nicholas, all his property in his chamber, hall, kitchen, malthouse, 
 brewhouse, and stable, with all arms and armour, offensive and
 
 260 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 defensive ; the residue of such property to son Nicholas and putative 
 sons Henry and William, to be equally divided ; to Henry aforesaid, 
 4O/. ; to William his brother, 4O/. ; to son Nicholas, all jewels and 
 ornaments of head or body, and also women's ornaments and 
 belongings, including saddles, which the aforesaid Alicia had assigned 
 to his daughters Elizabeth and Ellen in their own right ; to sister 
 Matilda, 10 marks ; to priests to celebrate the divine orifice for his soul 
 and those of his wife and children and all the faithful dead, 2OO/. 
 Residue to son Nicholas. Executors Nicholas his son, " Sir " John 
 Etal, chaplain, Richard Forster, clerk, and William Cornford ; 20 
 marks to be divided amongst them for their labour. Witnesses 
 William Redmarshall, John White, draper, John Pomfret, cordwaincr, 
 and John Tosson, glover. 
 
 April 8. 
 
 Being the Wednesday before Palm Sunday, John Stockdale, 
 burgess of Newcastle, and brazier, being of sound mind, and proposing 
 to visit foreign countries for the purpose of trading, makes his will, 
 which was proved in London on the I2th June. John Weremouth, 
 chaplain, and William Caistor (his blood relations), are his heirs, and 
 he assigns to them his lands and tenements in Newcastle and Gates- 
 head, and all his goods on this side and beyond the seas. Witnesses 
 Adomar Herring, John Barker, merchant, John Moreton, merchant, 
 Robert Witton, clerk, Robert Fletcher, and others. 
 
 October 3. 
 
 Mandate from the king to the keepers of passage in the port oi 
 Newcastle, announcing the commencement of another truce between 
 the king and his allies and the king of France and his allies, to last 
 from the feast of St. Dionysius, 9th October, until the feast of the 
 Purification ensuing, and ordering the same to be strictly kept and 
 observed. 
 
 The loss of their case in the king's bench does not appear to have 
 deterred the Corporation from attempting to prevent the bishop of 
 Durham's interference with the commercial monoply which they 
 claimed to enjoy in the river. A MS. in the Cottonian collection 
 contains instructions drawn up this year by prior Wessington, for 
 counsel to plead in a cause that was depending between church and 
 town, about holding markets at South Shields for fish, bread, and 
 beer, and the right to wrecks and fishery in the Tyne.
 
 FIFTEENTH CENTURY. 261 
 
 I4I7- 
 
 4 and 5 HENRY V. 
 Bishop of Durham Thomas Langley. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 Roger Thornton, Mayor, and John Strother, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff elected at Michaelmas " The same " in 
 Bourne's List. 
 
 EMBERS sent to represent Newcastle in parlia- 
 ment, which was to meet at Westminster on the 
 1 6th November 
 
 Roger Thornton and John Strother. 
 
 Brand quotes from the Murray MSS. an inquisi- 
 tion taken at Newcastle on the Tuesday in Easter 
 week, " 5 Henry V. or VI.," in which it is stated that anciently all those 
 fishermen that went out to fish at sea from that port were accustomed 
 to live in a street assigned to them called Fishergate, to prevent 
 the re-grating of the fish before they were brought up to that town, 
 and had paid the king his custom and prises. Fishergate was at the 
 south-eastern corner of the Stock Bridge, leading to the Wall Knoll. 
 By another inquisition in Newcastle on the Thursday following, it 
 appears that complaints had been exhibited against the priors of 
 Durham and Tynemouth, and the abbot of Newminster, for making 
 weirs in the Tyne, which encroached on the deep course of the water 
 that is, the king's stream, called the channel and middle-way, and for 
 having nets of such small size as to destroy the brood of salmon and 
 other fishes. 
 
 September 1 8. 
 
 Date of an order from the bishop of Durham enjoining penance 
 upon two women who had ventured to approach the tomb of St. 
 Cuthbert in the cathedral. The order, freely translated, runs thus : 
 " The official of the lord bishop of Durham to the parochial chaplains 
 of the churches of St. Nicholas and All Saints, in the town of Ncw- 
 castle-on-Tyne health, through the Author of health. Whereas, 
 lately, Matilda Burgh and Margaret Usher, servants, as they declare, 
 to Peter Baxter of the said town, led by devilish incitement and 
 audacious boldness, came clad in men's clothes to the cathedral 
 church of Durham, with this purpose and intent, that they might 
 in person come to the feretory of the most holy confessor Cuthbert, 
 
 18
 
 262 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 knowing that this is forbidden to all women whatsoever, under pain of 
 the greater excommunication and violation of church liberty. And 
 whereas, they have been convicted of, and have confessed this great 
 crime before us sitting in judgment ; and whereas, from such crimes, 
 an intention to proceed to others afterwards is inferred ; we, with the 
 acquiescence of Master John Houteman, of our episcopate of Durham 
 vicar-general, and of other judges then sitting with us., have 
 enjoined upon the said women, in form of law, for their deed, the 
 following penance viz., that they, and each of them, shall go before 
 the procession [of the Host] on three festival days, round the church 
 of St. Nicholas ; and on three other festival days, round the church of 
 All Saints, aforesaid, in the same men's clothes, and in the same 
 manner and form, in which so rashly they came to the cathedral 
 church of Durham. We, therefore, enjoin and command you, 
 regarding the said women performing the said penances, that, as is set 
 forward before, ye shall summon them into your churches on alternate 
 days, and shall, before the people, publicly and solemnly declare the 
 reason why they perform such penance, so that no other women here- 
 after shall dare to break forth into such boldness of crime: summoning, 
 nevertheless, the said Peter Baxter and his wife, that they appear 
 before us or our commissary in the Galilee of Durham, on the next 
 Monday after the coming feast of St. Nicholas, to allege and show 
 reasonable cause, if they have any, wherefore they ought not as 
 promoters, abettors, and counsellors, in this affair, to be punished 
 according to law, and afterwards to do and receive what justice 
 demands. And what ye shall do regarding the aforesaid matters, 
 ye shall certify us openly, on the said day and place, with these 
 letters sealed with your seal Given at Durham, this iSth day of 
 September, A.D. 1417." 
 
 Then follows a certificate of the penance : 
 
 " By authority of this mandate I summoned the under-mentioned 
 Matilda and Margaret to the penance judicially imposed upon them 
 by you, who humbly submitting, appeared and fully performed the 
 said penance, in going around the church of All Saints' before the 
 procession on last Sunday, according to the manner and form 
 imposed upon them ; and on the other Sundays they are ready 
 for the said penances, if they are not able to find better grace. 
 Nevertheless, it is well that it should be graciously spared them, if it 
 please you. And so I am ready in all things to fulfil your worshipful 
 order ; and the aforesaid Peter I have summoned according to your 
 command, and the wife of the aforesaid Peter hath so travailed with 
 twins that she is not able honourably to appear. By me Robert Croft, 
 chaplain of the church of All Saints."
 
 FIFTEENTH CENTURY. 
 
 263 
 
 The bishop of Durham granted this year to Thomas Hebborn, son 
 of Robert Hebborn, merchant of Newcastle [see the will of the latter, 
 3d August 1415], a dispensation to marry Isabel, relict of William 
 Strother, the parties being too nearly related to go together lawfully 
 without such a license. 
 
 Pardon granted to William Bowet by the bishop of Durham for 
 having stolen divers goods and chattels belonging to Thomas Spenn 
 of Gateshead, litster, his master, including two masers [bowls or 
 goblets] and a crucifix of silver. 
 
 1418. 
 
 5 and 6 HENRY V. 
 Bishop of Durham Thomas Langley. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff of Neivcastle till Michaelmas : 
 Roger Thornton, Mayor, and John Strother, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff elected at Michaelmas " The same " in 
 Bourne's List. 
 
 This year Roger Thresk, or Thirsk, vicar of Newcastle, exchanged 
 livings with William Glyn, of St. Michael's, Coventry. Brand states 
 that the institution of Glyn occurred 2oth January, but whether he 
 means old style or new style is not clear. 
 
 <*&T !^7^^-*^^^-- ~^~ *ttVr^^ 
 
 $^ 
 
 \1. '''!' ' l :!- |i ''i' ''si.",', .. i .'.III !l!i.'!!..' i '...'l!'!! 1 ' ii.,: !:^.i !!!.;' ''ll.i Hi.ljtlMnlllil L I'll 
 
 E 
 
 KFFIOY IN ST. NICHOLAS" Ciuutii.
 
 264 
 
 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 1419- 
 
 6 and 7 HENRY V. 
 
 Bishop of Durham Thomas Langley. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 
 Roger Thornton, Mayor, and John Strother, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff elected at Michaelmas " The same," writes 
 Bourne. But a deed quoted by Brand, signed on the feast of St. 
 Michael, 1420, which was before the election of mayor and sheriff that 
 year (for the elections took place on the Monday after Michaelmas 
 day), contains the names of 
 
 John Strother, Mayor, and William Ellerby, Sheriff. 
 
 HE parliamentary representation of Newcastle was 
 continued in the hands of 
 
 Roger Thornton and John Strother. 
 
 March 19. 
 
 Mandate from the bishop of Durham to the 
 archdeacon of Northumberland and the vicar of 
 Corbridge, to receive in St. John's Church, Newcastle, the purgation 
 of William Medcalf of Morpeth, clerk, charged with stealing a horse 
 and saddle, value 2OS., from John Rauchif of Morpeth. Medcalf had 
 been put in gaol for the theft, and claimed to purge himself ecclesiasti- 
 cally, in order that he might be restored to his previous good 
 character. Therefore, the bishop, through the dean of Auckland, 
 orders proclamation to be made in the churches of Newcastle, the 
 church of Morpeth, and elsewhere, that on a certain day, in the church 
 of St. John at Newcastle, Medcalf will appear before his clerical 
 judges, and that John Rauchif, or his executors, or any one who can 
 allege any reason why Medcalf should not proceed with his purgation, 
 are to come forward and give evidence. 
 
 July 28. 
 
 Writ from the king to the sheriff of Newcastle, announcing a 
 renewal of the sufferance, security, and provision with Flanders, for 
 the ordinary course of merchandise, the transit of clergy and pilgrims, 
 and the business of fishing, until the feast of All Saints ensuing, and 
 ordering them to proclaim it, and charge all persons firmly and 
 inviolably to keep and observe it.
 
 FIFTEENTH CENTURY. 
 
 265 
 
 1420. 
 
 7 and 8 HENRY V, 
 
 Bishop of Durham Thomas Langley. 
 
 Mayor and Slieriff of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 
 John Strother, Mayor, and William Ellerby, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and SJteriff elected at Michaelmas Uncertain. Bourne 
 continues Roger Thornton as mayor, and names John Bywell as 
 sheriff. 
 
 HE members of parliament elected to represent New- 
 castle were 
 
 John Wall and Roger Booth. 
 
 January 20. 
 
 Writ to the sheriff of Newcastle, as in the 
 previous year, to proclaim a renewal of the truce, 
 etc., with Flanders, until All Saints' Day following. 
 
 August 4. 
 
 Died at the early age of twenty-three, Thomas, last male heir of the 
 ancient family of Redheugh, Gateshead. Alexander of Redheugh 
 occurs in a charter of about 1280, and Surtees, in the second volume of 
 the History of Durham, supplies a pedigree of the family and their 
 successors, the Whites, down to the sale of the property to the 
 Liddells of Ravensworth. 
 
 October 3. 
 
 Quittance made to the mayor and corporation of Newcastle by 
 John, prior Durham of 9/. 33. 4d., being payment of the annual 
 pension left to the monastery on the Fame Islands, payable at the 
 feast of St. Michael the Archangel. 
 
 N<n>ember 12. 
 
 From a receipt given to the mayor, sheriff, and burgesses of New- 
 castle by Ralph, Earl of Westmorland, Lord Neville, and Marshal of 
 England, bearing this date, it appears that an annuity granted to the 
 Nevilles by Edward III., i6th July 1352, out of the fee-farm of 
 Newcastle, was still enjoyed by that family. The receipt is for 
 9O/. 1 6s. 8d. 
 
 In the rolls of Bishop Langley (i$th year), John Tawer, otherwise 
 called John Stillyngton, of Stillyngton, in the county of York, tailor, 
 has pardon for the death of Elizabeth Brown of Gateshead, feloniously 
 killed by him in a house within the old borough of Durham.
 
 THIRD DECADE 14.21-14.30. 
 
 1421. 
 
 12 and 13 HENRY V. 
 Bishop of Durham Thomas Langley. 
 
 Mayor and Slieriff of Newcastle till Michaelmas Uncertain. See 
 previous year. 
 
 Mayor and S/teriff elected at Michaelmas : 
 William Essington, Mayor, and Lawrence Acton, Sheriff. 
 
 WO Parliaments were summoned to meet this 
 year. To the first, which met in May, 
 
 John Strother and Emeric Hering 
 
 were sent as representatives of Newcastle ; of 
 the second, in December, the Newcastle mem- 
 bers were 
 
 William Ellerby and Roger Booth. 
 
 The king returned to England in the beginning of the year, after 
 three years' absence in France ; James, king of Scotland, accompanied 
 him. The Earl of Douglas entered into a contract with Henry to 
 provide two hundred men-at-arms and two hundred mounted archers, 
 who were to be at Henry's service at Newcastle, in Easter week, if 
 ordered to muster by land, or at Berwick, if summoned to proceed by 
 sea ; and James agreed with Henry that, if in three months after 
 an expedition into France, for which the two kings were preparing, he 
 should deliver, as hostages, some of the chief men of his kingdom, he
 
 FIFTEENTH CENTURY. 267 
 
 should be allowed to go into Scotland for a time. Henry's death in 
 France, in the following year, prevented these arrangements from 
 being carried out. 
 
 January 16. 
 
 Matilda, daughter and sole heir of Robert Dalden, widow of Sir 
 William Bowes, knight, and mother of Sir Robert Bowes, knight, who 
 was slain this year at the battle of Baugy Bridge, in Anjou, made her 
 will on this date at Streatlam. Among her bequests are a quarter of 
 corn, and an annual rent of 75., during her term, from a tenement at 
 Seaton, near Seaham ; the former to each of the four orders of 
 brethren in Newcastle, and the latter to be divided amongst them. 
 
 March 22. 
 
 Sir John Lumley of Lumley Castle, knight, slain in Anjou. In his 
 will he desires to be buried at Chester-le-Street church, between the 
 two columns where his wife, Felicia, daughter of Sir Matthew Red- 
 mayne of Newcastle, one of the heroes of Otterburn, was interred ; 
 and directs his executors, in the first year after his decease, to provide 
 seven chaplains to say masses for his soul and the souls of his wife and 
 parents. Sir John was buried in the cathedral yard at Durham, and 
 it was not until 1594 173 years after his death that his bones and 
 monument were removed to Chester-le-Strcet. 
 
 April 10. 
 
 John Dolphanby of Gateshead (who died on the i6th October this 
 year) granted all his lands in Gateshead to Henry Eton, rector of that 
 place, John Vesci, and Robert Helton, chaplains namely, fifty-three 
 tenements held of the bishop, value 8/. ; nine tenements held of the 
 rector, value 26s. 8d. ; twelve tenements in Pipewellgate, held of 
 William Gategang, value 403. ; \gl. 73. rent, from divers other tene- 
 ments, etc. On the 29th of June he gave and confirmed to John 
 Vesci and his successors, chaplains of the chantry of SS. John the 
 Apostle and Evangelist and John the Baptist, lately founded by him 
 in the church of St. Mary at Gateshead, fourteen tenements in that 
 town as follows : i. In Akewellgate, one lying between John Wear- 
 mouth's on the north and church property on the south. 2. Tenement 
 in the Westrawe, between Euphemia Copper's on the south and 
 Robert Heworth's on the north, and extending from the king's high- 
 way to the Holchare. 3. Two in the Westrawe, between Thomas 
 Flesher's on the south and Agnes Surre's on the north, and extending 
 from the king's highway to the garden of a tenement belonging to the 
 founder, and held by Christopher Charles ; together with a garden 
 surrounded by Charles' garden and William Bulmer's croft, both held
 
 268 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 of the founder, the garden of Robert Whelpington, and Dolphanby's 
 own garden. 5. A tenement in the Westrawe, at the corner of Pipe- 
 wellgate, between the tenement of Agnes Surre's and Pipewellgate 
 vennel, and between the king's highway and the tenement of Roger 
 Thornton. 6. A tenement in the Estrawe, between the tenement of the 
 late John Bank and that of William Codling, leased from the founder, 
 and between the king's highway and the ground ebb of the Tyne. 
 7. A tenement in the Estrawe, between the Helgate vennel and the 
 tenement of William Screwane, and between the king's highway and 
 the tenement lately held by John Stokdale. 8. A tenement in the 
 Estrawe, between the tenement lately held by William Langton and 
 the Overkirk Chare, and between the king's highway and the said 
 Kirk Chare. 9. A tenement in the Estrawe, between that lately held 
 by Hugh Barber and that of Robert Whelpington, and extending from 
 the king's highway to the common gutter ; with two ridges of land 
 between land of Sir Thomas Surtees, knight, and William Hilton, and 
 from the king's upper highway to the Durham road. 10. Four 
 tenements in the Estrawe, between Adam Graunge's and John 
 Gilford's, n. A tenement in Estrawe, between that lately held by 
 Robert Gabefore on the north and John Sutton's on the south, extend- 
 ing from the king's highway to Akewellgate. Witnesses Henry 
 Eton, rector of Gateshead ; Robert Hilton, William Gategang, John 
 Gilford, William Boltby, Robert Cok, Thomas Headlam, and others. 
 Dolphanby appears to have been a great benefactor to the church in 
 Gateshead, and a worthy contemporary of his generous neighbour 
 across the water Roger Thornton. Besides this chantry of St. 
 John, he founded in the same church twenty years later the chantry of 
 St. Loy [see 1442]. His son, Robert Dolphanby, received from Vesci 
 and Hilton, in 1429, all the lands whereof they were, with Henry Eton, 
 enfcoffed, except these fourteen tenements which Vesci held in right 
 of his chantry. Robert Dolphanby's daughter, Joan, married Conan, 
 one of the Yorkshire Bartons, and carried the Gateshead property 
 into that well-known family. (See Bourne, p. 209.) 
 
 May 2. 
 
 Among the petitions from the Commons to the king this year is 
 one touching the coal dues at Newcastle, as follows : " The Commons 
 pray that as from each chaldron of sea-coals sold to men not free in 
 the port of your town of Newcastle-on-Tyne, two pence of custom are 
 due to you ; and in the said port are certain vessels called keels, by 
 which such coals are carried from the land to ships in the said port, 
 and each of the said keels ought to be of the burthen of 20 chaldrons, 
 and according to the said burthen the above-written custom is taken ;
 
 FIFTEENTH CENTURY. 269 
 
 and there are men who have made keels of the burthen of 22 or 23 
 chaldrons, and your custom is taken as upon a burthen of 20 chaldrons 
 only, in deceit of you, very sovereign lord ; may it please your royal 
 Majesty to ordain, by the authority of this present parliament, that all 
 keels now in your said port, and such as shall come there in future, 
 may be measured by such commissioners as you may please to assign, 
 and marked of what burthen they are, before any carriage may be 
 made by them, under pain of forfeiting to you and your heirs the said 
 vessels called keels, by which any such coals shall be carried before 
 they are marked in the manner aforesaid." The answer is : " Le Roi 
 le voet ; " and an Act 9 Henry V. cap. 10 was passed accordingly. 
 (See page 170.) On ipth September is a patent of the king, appoint- 
 ing the mayor of Newcastle ; William Glyn, the vicar ; the collectors 
 of customs ; with John Strother and William Bedford, to be com- 
 missioners during pleasure, for marking and measuring the keels as 
 suggested in the petition. 
 
 1422. 
 
 10 HENRY V. and i HENRY VI. 
 Bishop of Durham Thomas Langley. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 William Essington, Mayor, and Laurence Acton, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff elected at Michaelmas : 
 
 Mayor William Essington. Sheriff Thomas Chirdon. 
 
 "John " Chirdon, in Brand's List. 
 
 OME doubt is thrown upon Bourne's repetition of 
 Essington as mayor, by a confirmation of a grant 
 to Roger Thornton, in connection with the Maison 
 Dieu on the Sandhill, dated 6th July 1424. In that 
 
 document the king cites a valuation of certain property 
 
 with which Thornton proposed to endow the hospital, as having been 
 made by inquisition of " John Wall, lately mayor of Newcastle, and 
 'our' escheator in that town." The infant king was then in the 
 second year of his reign only, and if the word " our " is personal to the 
 monarch, and not continuous, as of the crown, Wall's mayoralty may 
 have commenced this year. He was elected one of the representatives
 
 2 ;o NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 of the town in parliament two years before ; and, as will have been 
 seen in preceding lists, the representation of the town in parliament 
 and the mayoralty were honours that were conferred upon leading 
 burgesses, with no long interval between. 
 
 The king died in France on the 3ist August, and was succeeded 
 by his infant son Henry VI. 
 
 Robert Whelpington and Emeric Herring 
 
 were the members returned by the burgesses of Newcastle to the 
 first parliament of the young king, which met in the autumn of this 
 year. 
 
 In the Collectanea is a copy of an inquisition taken at Newcastle 
 before the king's escheator in Northumberland, by the oaths of 
 William Benet, Thomas Musgrave, Richard Chambers, and others, 
 when it was found that William Heron, knight, was nearest heir of 
 John Hawkeswell, and that he was twenty-one years of age and 
 more. The following note is appended : " This document was 
 picked up in the street by Sir Thomas Phillips, baronet, at the 
 destruction of the Lords and Commons by fire. It had been carried 
 by the wind to about three yards from the mob, and the next gust 
 would probably have blown it under their feet." 
 
 1423. 
 
 i and 2 HENRY VI. 
 
 Bishop of Durham Thomas Langley. 
 
 Mayor- and Sheriff of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 
 William Essington, Mayor, Thomas (or John) Chirdon, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff elected at Michaelmas : 
 Mayor William Ellerby. Sheriff Thomas (or John) Chirdon. 
 
 N the parliament which met at Westminster on the 2Oth 
 of October the members for Newcastle were 
 
 Robert Whelpington and Roger Booth. 
 
 The Commons presented a petition respecting the 
 touching and marking of silver, praying that it might be ordained "in 
 the city of York, Newcastle-upon-Tyne [and five other towns], that
 
 FIFTEENTH CENTURY. 
 
 271 
 
 one have diverse touches, after the ordinances of the mayors, bailiffs, 
 or governors of the aforesaid towns. And that no goldsmith, nor 
 other workers of silver, nor keeper of the aforesaid touches, within 
 these towns, put unto the sale, nor touch no silver in otherwise than it 
 is ordained before within the city of London, in pain of forfeiture." 
 The reply was favourable, and the Act 2 Henry VI., cap. 14, was 
 passed in accordance. 
 
 February 24. 
 
 Date of license, under privy seal, to the merchants and burgesses 
 of Newcastle, that in relief of grievances and impoverishment they 
 may export, for one year, wools, wool-fells, and hides grown in 
 Northumberland, Cumberland, Westmorland, and Durham, to the 
 number of 1000 sacks, and sell the same abroad, having first paid the 
 duties and customs, according to the customs of the ports of England. 
 The Earls of Northumberland and Westmorland, and Sir Ralph 
 Cromwell, to make inquiry therein from time to time. 
 
 June 10. 
 
 Inquisition after the death of William Mitford, son of Sir John 
 Mitford of Mitford, knight. William Mitford had been a com- 
 missioner of array against Scotland, high sheriff of Northumberland 
 in 1415, and one of the knights of the shire in two parliaments. The 
 inquisition was taken in Newcastle, and the jurors found that he 
 owned several messuages in that town, and various large estates in 
 the country. 
 
 September 23. 
 
 Bishop Langley assigned Henry, parson of Gateshead, John Vescy, 
 chaplain, John Gilford, Esquire, and John Cok, to levy certain tolls to 
 be applied to the making and mending of the pavement in his vill of 
 Gateshead. The tolls are payable from the date of the deed, for one 
 year. Among them occur the following : Upon each horse, mare, ox, 
 or cow sold, a halfpenny ; upon each skin of the same, fresh, salted, or 
 tanned, a farthing ; upon each hundred skins of lambs, young kids, 
 hares, rabbits, foxes, cats, and squirrels, a halfpenny ; each sack of 
 wool, twopence ; each salmon, fresh or salt, a farthing ; each barrel of 
 wine or oil, three-halfpence ; each cart or waggon of iron, lead, boards, 
 or building timber, a penny. 
 
 Brand quotes under this year's date a grant from the king to the 
 mayor, sheriff, and commonalty, of certain customs to be received from 
 every ship entering the port of Newcastle.
 
 272 
 
 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 1424- 
 
 2 and 3 HENRY VI 
 
 Bishop of Durham Thomas Langley. 
 
 Mayor and SJteriff of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 
 William Ellerby, Mayor, Thomas (or John) Chirdon, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff elected at Michaelmas "The same" in 
 Bourne's List. 
 
 HE king of Scotland, James I., who had been long a 
 prisoner, married Jane Somerset, cousin of King 
 Henry, in the beginning of February. In March the 
 royal pair came to Durham, where hostages were 
 exchanged, and a truce with Scotland for seven years 
 was concluded. At the end of that month James left Durham, and 
 was conducted by a numerous train of his own subjects and the gentry 
 of Northumberland to Scotland. Whether he passed through New- 
 castle is not certain, but we find him a few days later at Melrose, where 
 he ratified the treaty concluded at Durham. 
 
 July 6. 
 
 Date of letters patent from the king, stating that whereas his 
 majesty's grandfather Henry had given leave to Roger Thornton, his 
 heirs, etc., to acquire for the master, brethren, and sisters of the hospital 
 of St. Catherine, called Thornton's Hospital, and the chaplain of St. 
 Peter's chantry, in All Saints' church, lands, tenements, and rents, as 
 well those held in burgage of his grandfather as others not so held, 
 to the yearly value of io/., to be apportioned at their discretion, he, 
 therefore, gave license to the said Roger, his heirs, etc., to assign for 
 these purposes portions of ten messuages and ten tofts, with their 
 appurtenances, held of the king in burgage, of the value of 7/. per 
 annum, " as by inquisition of John Wall, lately mayor of Newcastle, 
 and the king's escheator there, doth appear." 
 
 October 7. 
 
 Confirmation under the common seal of the chapter of Durham of 
 letters patent, granted 1st June 1421, by the bishop to John Dolphanby 
 of Gateshead, to found the chantry of St. John in St. Mary's church 
 there, and provide a chaplain to pray for the health of the said bishop 
 and the founder during their lives, and for their souls after death, and 
 for the soul of William Johnson, lately burgess of Newcastle, and the 
 souls of all their fathers, mothers, wives, children, brothers, sisters, 
 parents and benefactors, for ever.
 
 FIFTEENTH CENTURY. 273 
 
 1425. 
 
 3 and 4 HENRY VI. 
 
 Bishop of Durham Thomas Langley. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff of Newcastle till Michaelmas ; 
 
 William Ellerby, Mayor, and Thomas (or John) Chirdon, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff elected at Michaelmas : 
 
 Mayor William Ellerby. Sheriff John Jay. 
 
 Bourne spells the sheriffs name Tray. 
 
 William Meadowcroft and Adomar Herring 
 were the representatives of Newcastle in parliament this year. 
 
 February 17. 
 
 1ISHOP LANGLEY heard on this date some evidence 
 in a dispute between William Glyn, vicar of New- 
 castle, and William Boston, prior of the Carmelites 
 there, about an offering of wax candles at the feast of 
 the Purification. The case was adjourned to the 22d, 
 when both parties attended at the cathedral, and the vicar exhibited 
 seven articles against the prior, the details of which are not given. 
 Boston denied five, admitted one, with a qualification that where it 
 was put, " ought to be deprived," he had said, " might be deprived," 
 and as to the seventh said he did not believe it. At the same time, he 
 offered to prove the contents of a schedule in his own handwriting, 
 which he had produced on the first hearing, if the case was adjourned 
 to the ist March, declaring that he was willing to be reproved and 
 corrected by his lordship if he failed in his proof. At the adjournment 
 he proved nothing, and the bishop ordered that on Palm Sunday he 
 should retract in the following form : " I, brother William Boston, of 
 the order of Carmelites, acknowledge fully and openly that the 
 offering of candles upon Candlemas Day, the which are wont to be 
 offered in parish churches, of custom, convenience, and law approved, 
 ought to be given and offered in the parish churches where the people 
 are bound by custom and law to receive their sacraments. And it 
 forethinks me [I repine, or regret] that any occasion should be given 
 by me in derogation and hindering of the custom and use approved 
 aforesaid, and that any man should by words conceive anything 
 privily or openly unto the hindering or withdrawing of the aforesaid
 
 274 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 offering. And it forethinketh me that I have in these matters any 
 word of hastiness or malice said . . . with my own heart and mouth 
 I affirm the same, to the end that I have forgiveness of that I have 
 said ; and as St. Austin saith, better is an error and default to be 
 correct and amended than with folly to be sustained and defended." 
 
 April 7. 
 
 Sentence of excommunication issued by the bishop of Durham 
 against persons unknown, for stealing from the house of Richard 
 Clitherow, Esquire, in Newcastle, six silver goblets, some of them gilt, 
 thirty silver spoons, a silver powder-box, two silver phials, five 
 tablecloths, and various other articles, including jewels. 
 
 1426. 
 
 4 and 5 HENRY VI. 
 
 Bishop of Durham Thomas Langley. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 
 William Ellerby, Mayor, and John Jay, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff elected at Michaelmas : 
 Mayor Roger Thornton. Sheriff John Jay. 
 The members of parliament for Newcastle were : 
 Simon Weldon and Robert Swinburne. 
 
 January 15. 
 
 HE sheriff of Newcastle was commanded, with other 
 sheriffs, to proclaim open war and enmity between the 
 king of England, his realm and subjects, and the 
 Duke of Brittany. 
 
 January 20. 
 
 The ordinary of the Incorporated Company of Coopers in New- 
 castle bears this date [1426-7 ?]. The fraternity are to go together 
 yearly at the feast of Corpus Christi, in procession like other crafts, 
 and play their play (that is, have a mystery or miracle play) at their 
 own charge. Each brother is to attend at the hour assigned him at the 
 procession, on pain of forfeiting a pound of wax. No brother is to 
 take for apprentice a Scotsman born, nor set any such to work, under 
 penalty of forty shillings, whereof 26s. 8d. is to go to the fraternity,
 
 FIFTEENTH CENTURY. 
 
 2/5 
 
 and 133. 4d. to St. Nicholas' church work. No brother is to take 
 more than one apprentice in seven years. All turners and pulley 
 makers coming to Newcastle to be bound by the same ordinary. 
 Brand states that the above is the earliest notice he had found of 
 any of the Corpus Christi exhibitions in Newcastle. 
 
 July 30. 
 
 Writ from the king to the sheriff of Newcastle, commanding him 
 to proclaim freedom of intercourse between England and Flanders. 
 All persons within the realm of England are to treat the people of 
 Fianders as the king's good, true, and loyal subjects in his kingdom of 
 France are treated namely, they are to communicate and converse 
 on sea and on land, commercially or otherwise, amiably, simply, and 
 surely, as subjects under one lord ought to do. 
 
 The mayor and commonalty of Newcastle appointed this year 
 John Crofte to be master of the chapel of St. Thomas, on Tyne 
 Bridge, and collector of the bridge rents. 
 
 Brand quotes from Warburton and Dodsworth a statement that 
 William Harbottle died this year, seised of the advowson of St. 
 Mary's chapel, Jesmond. 
 
 OK ST. MARY'S CHATKI., .Ir.sMOM).
 
 276 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 The staple of wool, and freedom to export merchandise, which we 
 have already seen tampered with, and changed at various times, 
 appear to have been sources of revenue to successive monarchs. This 
 year the king, according to Sir Robert Cotton, renewed a license, 
 granted originally in 1397 and partly revoked in 1400, to certain 
 merchants of Newcastle to transport their wool to other places than 
 Calais. The consideration is not stated, but the merchants always 
 had to pay. 
 
 1427. 
 
 5 and 6 HENRY VI. 
 
 Bishop of Durham Thomas Langley. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 
 Roger Thornton, Mayor, and John Jay, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff elected at Michaelmas " The same" in Bourne's 
 List namely, 
 
 Mayor Roger Thornton. Sheriff John Jay. 
 
 EMBERS of parliament for Newcastle summoned to 
 meet at Westminster on the I3th October this 
 year 
 
 William Meadowcroft and Robert Rhodes. 
 
 July 5- 
 
 On this date the Council at Westminster considered a petition 
 from the merchants, burgesses of Newcastle, that they might export to 
 any place they thought proper 2000 sacks of wool, etc., the growth of 
 Northumberland, Cumberland, Westmorland, and the bishopric of 
 Durham, paying first the accustomed dues, subsidies, etc., " considering 
 in your very noble discretions the poor condition of the said wools and 
 woolfells, and that they are of so little value that they cannot be sold 
 at the staple of Calais, bearing the charges, etc., without great loss." 
 The petition was granted. (See Feb. 1423.) 
 
 In the Randall MSS. Brand finds this year John Bonour entered 
 as rector of Gateshead in succession to Henry Eton.
 
 FIFTEENTH CENTURY. 277 
 
 1428. 
 
 6 and 7 HENRY VI. 
 Bishop of Durham Thomas Langley. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 Roger Thornton, Mayor, and John Jay, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and SJieriff elected at Michaelmas : 
 Mayor Lawrence Acton. Sheriff John Jay. 
 
 Bourne and Brand have John Rhodes as mayor, but a deed quoted 
 by Mr. Longstaffe in the Archceologia SEliana, bearing date 29th 
 November, proves that Acton was in office at that date two months 
 after the annual election. 
 
 January 5. 
 
 'XCOMMUNICATION fulminated by the bishop of 
 Durham against those who abstract and to unknown 
 places convey books, chalices, and other jewels and 
 ornaments of the Virgin Mary Hospital, called the 
 West Spital ; and against those who detain, conceal, 
 or hide lands, rents, possessions, charters, letters, and muniments ; and 
 also against those who cut down and lead away trees belonging to 
 the said hospital at St. Mary Shields, and Chesterhope. 
 
 August 20. 
 
 Pardon from the bishop of Durham to Thomas Portyngton and 
 John Fenwick, chaplains, for acquiring from Thomas Surtees, knight, 
 a tenement on the west side of Oakwellgate, Gateshead, upon land of 
 William W T hitchester, knight, and a tenement by the name of an 
 aqueduct, and a messuage built thereon, on the east side of Oakwell- 
 gate, between the tenement of the rector of Gateshead and the 
 tenement of John Dolphanby. 
 
 November 29. 
 
 Inquisition taken at Newcastle before Lawrence Acton, mayor and 
 escheator. The jurors found that Eleanor [daughter of Roger 
 Middleham], wife of Conan Ask, who died 5th October, held in her 
 demesne, as of fee, the half of a third part of the waste messuage 
 called Emeldon Place, in the suburbs of Newcastle, near the hospital 
 of the blessed Mary Magdalene, without the New Gate. This third 
 of the waste was held in free burgage of the king, rendering to the 
 master of Tyne Bridge towards the repair thereof 2d. annually, but 
 now of no value. 
 
 19
 
 278 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 December I. 
 
 The king issued letters patent granting safe-conduct and protec- 
 tion to James, king of Scotland, coming to Newcastle or to Durham 
 at his option, with 1000 horsemen, to confer with the most reverend 
 cardinal of St. Eusebius. 
 
 1429. 
 
 7 and 8 HENRY VI. 
 Bishop of Durham Thomas Langley. 
 
 Mayor and SJieriff of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 Lawrence Acton, Mayor, and John Jay, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff elected at Michaelmas : 
 Mayor John Rhodes. Sheriff John Clark, 
 
 EMBERS of parliament for Newcastle this year 
 Robert Rhodes and Thomas Papeday. 
 
 January 2O. 
 
 Thomas Petyngton, vicar of Hartburn, and John 
 Fenwick, chaplain, release to Roger Thornton all right in the vills 
 and territories of Witton-by-the- Water, Wingate, etc., etc. ; Shieldfield, 
 with a mill near the town of Newcastle ; the advowson of the 
 chantry of St. Nicholas, in Witton Church ; four tenements in New- 
 castle, near St. Nicholas' Pant, and two tenements in the Side, in the 
 same town, held by William Pert and John Glover, etc. 
 
 March 12. 
 
 John Vesci and Robert Helton, chaplains of Gateshead, grant to 
 Robert Dolphanby all the lands whereof they were, with Henry Eton, 
 formerly enfeoffed [see 1421] by John Dolphanby, except fourteen 
 tenements, which Vesci retained in right of his chantry in St. Mary's 
 Church there. 
 
 May 13. 
 
 Writ from the king to the sheriff of Newcastle, ordering proclama- 
 tion to be made for observing the staple of Dacia. All the king's 
 subjects proceeding to Dacia for commerce or fishing, are to go to 
 the town of Nordbarn, that being the seat of the staple, and not to 
 Fynmark, or any other place in the said kingdom.
 
 FIFTEENTH CENTURY. 279 
 
 In the twenty-fourth year of Cardinal Langley, Thomas and William 
 Bulteflour became sureties for the keeping of the peace for seven 
 years by Richard Fleming of Gateshead towards Geoffrey Holden, 
 Henry Ravensworth, and Thomas Mody, and the public generally. 
 
 Robert Castell, son of Isabella, daughter of William Redheugh, 
 and next heir of the said William, obtains in his favour a writ of 
 amoreas from the court at Durham, with respect of one acre of land in 
 the eastern fields of Gateshead, not held of the bishop. 
 
 Hugh Cook of Gateshead, burgess, and John Wall and William 
 Stothard of Newcastle, merchants, bind themselves to pay the bishop 
 of Durham, or his executors, 2i/. 135. 4d. at the feast of the nativity 
 of the blessed Virgin. William Ellerby of Newcastle, merchant, 
 in like manner binds himself to pay the bishop i6l. 135. 4d. at the 
 feast of the Exaltation of the Cross. Four years later Ellerby, having 
 been bailed by Thomas Colville and John Kemp of Durham, had super- 
 sedeas of a writ for his arrest. In the twenty-fourth of Bishop Langley, 
 William Medecroft of Newcastle, merchant, bound himself to pay the 
 bishop four separate sums of 4O/. each ; and Robert and Alexander 
 Swinburne of Newcastle, merchants, to pay 2O/. iis. 8d. at the feast of 
 the nativity of the Virgin. [J. C] 
 
 The staple of wool was ordered to be kept at Calais, and the 
 special leave renewed to Newcastle merchants in 1426 to transport 
 their wool to other ports besides Calais was again repealed. In the 
 rolls of parliament appear a string of petitions from the Commons 
 about the staple remaining at Calais. One of them which, perhaps, 
 embodied the general sentiment against special privileges being 
 granted to Newcastle merchants runs thus : " Forasmuch as great 
 noise runneth by men of Newcastle and Berwick, that if they brought 
 their wools to the staple at Calais they should be undone and 
 destroyed, of which the contrary is sooth and well proved, for the 
 mayor of the said staple, and his fellowship, will give them for the 
 quantity of their wools and fells, like as the king has been answered 
 hereof, one year, with another of custom and subsidy, as much as they 
 have been sold for in Flanders, and in other places where they repair, 
 to be paid at reasonable terms in gold and silver, to be brought into 
 this realm ; whereas by them there cometh now no penny, considered 
 that the costs be less at Calais than they be in Flanders, as it is well 
 known by true and discreet men. Wherefore, like it the king our 
 sovereign lord that their licenses may be repealed, in hindering of his
 
 2 8o NE WCASTLE AND GA TESHEAD. 
 
 customs and subsidies, and abating the price of commodity of his 
 realm ; and if any man of evil will sell or carry any wool, woolfell, 
 hides, lead, or any other merchandises of the staple, in defrauding of 
 the king, or hindering of the commodity of his kingdom, into Scotland, 
 that he forfeit the same goods, with the double value, and his body to 
 prison the space of a year," etc., etc. 
 
 1430. 
 
 8 and 9 HENRY VI. 
 
 Bishop of Durham Thomas Langley. 
 
 Mayor .and Sheriff of Newcastle till MicJiaelmas : 
 
 John Rhodes, Mayor, and John Clark, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff elected at Michaelmas "The same " in Bourne's 
 List, and there is confirmation of it in a deed dated 3ist January 
 1430-31, quoted by the Rev. John Hodgson, in the old series of the 
 Archcaologia sEliana, vol. iii., p. 80. 
 
 January 3. 
 
 T the beginning of this year Newcastle lost its most 
 opulent merchant and most liberal benefactor Roger 
 Thornton. An old rhyme, used, with variation of 
 place and patronymic, to express the lowly origin of 
 great or wealthy persons, says of him 
 
 "At the West Gate came Thornton in, 
 With a hap, a halfpenny, and a lamb's skin." 
 
 And though this "jingle" is not to be taken in a strictly literal sense, 
 yet it sufficiently conveys the fact that Roger Thornton began life in 
 a humble sort of way. How he obtained a footing in Newcastle does 
 not appear, but it is conjectured that he may have served his time 
 under the protecting care of John Thornton, who appears as one of 
 the four bailiffs of the town in 1382. He married Agnes Wanton, and 
 before the century was out the name of Roger Thornton was one of 
 some mark in Newcastle. In 1397 he was one of the bailiffs ; in 1399 
 he was elected to represent the town in parliament ; and in 1400, 
 when Newcastle was made a county, and obtained the privilege of 
 electing its own sheriff (probably through his influence), he was chosen 
 mayor. That office he filled seven times afterwards, and was four times
 
 FIFTEENTH CENTURY. 281 
 
 altogether elected parliamentary representative. Materials for his 
 history have been recorded in this volume, under various dates, since 
 the first year of the century. His will, proved at Durham on the iQth 
 January, shows his generosity, and the inquisitions post mortem 
 exhibit the extent and value of his possessions. The will is as 
 follows, accurately copied from the probate in Bishop Langley's 
 Register, and published by the Surtees Society : 
 
 " In Nomine Patris et Filii, et Spiritus Sancti, Amen. The thursday 
 next before yoleday in y e yeer of our lord M.CCCC.XXIX I Roger 
 Thornton yelder makes and ordeynes my testament and my last wyll 
 in yis form folowyng yat is to say I com'end my soule to ye mercy of 
 god and my body to be beryet beside my wyfe in Alhalovvekyrke of 
 Newcastle Also I wylle yat eu'y prest seculer beyng at myn entier- 
 ment haue to pray for my saule and to be at my dirges and 
 forthbryngyng j noble Also I wille yat c l be spended and delt at 
 myn entierment yanis of Roger my son Also I gyf to the vicare of 
 seint Nicholas kyrk for forgetyn tendes c s 
 
 It' to ye Kirk of seint Nicholas for repac'on and eno r ments yerof 
 xl m'rcz also to Alhalowe kyrk in lyke fourme xx 1 
 
 It' to seint John kyrk iiij fothers leed 
 
 It' to seint Andrewkyrk ij fothers leed 
 
 It' to ye Chappell of seint Thomas vpon Tyncbrygg vj fothers 
 Iced 
 
 It' to repac'on of Westspittell ij fothers leed 
 
 It' to ye Walknoll repac'on of yeir kyrk ij fothers lecde 
 
 It' to ye repac'on of ye nunnes of Newcastell ij fothers leede 
 
 It' to ye lepremen of Newcastell xl^ 
 
 It' to rep'ac'on of Tynebrygge of Newcastell c mrc' if so bee yat ye 
 mair and ye comyns will relesse me alle acc'ons as- 1 yat neu' hindret 
 yaim nor noght awe yaim at my wetyng, but yis I desir for 
 eschewyng of Clamour 
 
 It' to ye mesondieu of sint kateryne of my foundacion for yair 
 eno r ments xx 1 
 
 It' to my Chauntry of seint petirs in alhalowc Kirk for ye 
 eno r ments yerof x 1 
 
 It' to ye Chapel of Wytton by ye water vj mrc 
 
 It' to eu'y hows of almouse ordeynet for bedrydens in Newe Castle 
 j marc whilk shal be parcel of ye said som'e yat shall be spendet vpon 
 myn entierment 
 
 It'm to ye repa'c'on of yose tenementes yat I haue gyun to ye 
 foresaid mesondieu and to ye said Chauntry xl 1 
 
 It' I wylle yat xxx prestes syng for me two yeers next after my 
 discesse ilk prest hauyng for his sould by yeer viij mrc'
 
 282 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 It'm I wylle yat cccc marc' whilk yat ye priour and Couent 
 Hexham awe me bee dispendet vpon bygging of yeir Kyrk if yei wol 
 make greable seurtez yat it shal soo be deuly doon 
 
 It' I gif to ye hous of Blauncheland ij fothers leed 
 
 It'm to Brenkburn ij fothers leed 
 . It'm to Coketeland j fother leed 
 
 It'm to repac'ac'on of ffarnelande j fother leed 
 
 It'm to ye nunnes of halyston j fother leed 
 
 It'm to eu'ylk ord'r of ye iiij ordres mendicants of Newcastell to 
 pray for my saule x marcs to be departet to eu'y freer conuentuell by 
 yarn's of my son 
 
 It' I wyll yat ye recluse of Newcastell and S r henr' ffenwyk and 
 S r henr' Lincoln prestes be p'cel of ye xxx prestes for ij yeers and 
 after ye said two yeers I wyll yei iij singe for me taking eu'y prest 
 of yaim ij seculers viij mr'cz and ye recluse yeerly vj mrc' to c mr'cz 
 be dispendet if yei lif soo longe and elles to be dispendit for my saule 
 by yanis of my Son 
 
 It' I forgif to ye hous of Gysburn xxx 1 whilk yei awe me beside 
 ye c 1 yat I haue gyuen yaim afore yis tyme so yat yey fynde me 
 a prest p'petuall synggyng for me in yeir hous like as yeir couenant is 
 maid. 
 
 It' I wyll yat c mr'cz be forgyuen emongs my poer ten'ntz by 
 yanis of my son to yaim yat may nat wel pay 
 
 It' I gif to ye Couent of Yarom and to ye Couent of hertylpole to 
 pray for my saule x mr'cz to ayther hous to be dep'ted emong 
 hem by yanis of my son 
 
 It' I gyf to ye rep'ac'on of ye stepil of ye mynster of duresme j 
 fother leed 
 
 It' to eu'y monk of Chartyrhouse at Mountgrace to pray for my 
 saule a noble 
 
 It' to eu'y monk of Newemoyster a noble 
 
 It' to eu'y monk of Tyn mouth a noble 
 
 It' to eu'y monk of Whitby a noble 
 
 It' I gyf to S r Thomas Pityngton vicar of hertburn c s 
 
 It' to S r John ffenwyck x 1 
 
 It' to S r William harwod xx s 
 
 It' to margaret my su'nt in peny and in pcny worth vj xx and x 
 mr'cz And also for terme of hir lyfe yat hous in Bradechair yat 
 Nichol Baxster dwellcth Inne 
 
 It 1 to Roger Corbett iiij 1 And also yat he haue terme of life ye 
 almous of ye mesondieu so yat he dwelle not yereinne 
 
 It' to hawlay my s'unt xl s 
 
 It' to John Gofden xx 8
 
 FIFTEENTH CENTURY. 2.83 
 
 It' to Robert hall my s'unt xl 8 of ye dette whilk he awe me 
 
 It' to John desbrugh iiij 1 of dctte whilk he awe me 
 
 It' to Thomas yat was my s'unt a noble 
 
 It' to Agnes Hume xx 8 
 
 It' to Agnes ward xx s 
 
 It' to Ellen ward xxs 8 
 
 It' to Maryon wann xx s 
 
 It' to old Gillot xx 8 
 
 It' to Johannet Pryddowe xx 8 
 
 It' to Sr Henr' lincoln a m'rc 
 
 It' to Willia' mawe if he make trewe reknyng xx s 
 
 It' to Thomas Gentylman xx 8 
 
 It' to John Tynmouthe xx 8 
 
 It' to Emery heryng c s To willia desburgh c 8 
 
 It' to Henry Thernton c 8 
 
 It' to John wharnowe I s of his dette 
 
 It'm to Rob't Barker a mrc 
 
 It' to Thomas Skynner ye Skynner iiij 8 
 
 It' to John Sharp xv s 
 
 It' to John Moreton xx 8 
 
 It' to William Walker xx 3 
 
 It' to Chirnsid a noble 
 
 It' to John fielton his hous fre term of his lyfe he to reparcll hit 
 and corrodye in seint katerynes term of his lyfe 
 
 It' I forgyfe to John Whelewryght xx s of his dette 
 
 It' I gyfe to Thomas Croxton a marc 
 
 Also I will yat xl 1 be in my sonnes 'disposic'on to yis en tent yat 
 if any poer laborer or oyer p'son claym any p'cell of dette by me 
 owyng he to dispoyn and yaim pay of yat somme by his discrec'on 
 in dischargying of my saul as he wol answer to god 
 
 It' I gif to Gerard Mitford c 8 
 
 It' to John Robynson of Thornton if he make trewe reknyng c s 
 
 It' to yong John Robynson his son c 8 
 
 It'm to John Bru'pton xl 8 
 
 It' to Cok my s'unt xx s 
 
 It' to George my s'unt a marc 
 
 It' to Margory Corbet xl 8 
 
 It' to Margt dalton xx* 
 
 It' to Alyson my s'unt a noble 
 
 It' to Robert Killyngworth a marc 
 
 All yees goodes and p'celles aforesaid I wyll my son doo and dis- 
 poyn as he wol answer afore god And alle remenant and residewc of 
 my goods moblez and vnmoblez with alle my landes yat I or any
 
 284 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 oyer in my name or to my vse are enfeffet in except ye lancles gyffen 
 to my mesondieu and to my Chauntry I gife fully cleerly and freely 
 to my said son Roger and to his heirs and assignes for euermore and 
 to fulfill yis my testament and last wylle I make and ordeyn ye same 
 Roger my son to bee myn executour in presence of S r John ffenwyk 
 Emery Heryng and Marget my s'unt be yis presente day and yer 
 aforesayd selet with myn own handes." 
 
 The inquisition post-mortem as to the property belonging to 
 Roger Thornton in London shows that he held there: I. A 
 messuage in Seacoal Lane of no yearly value, because ruinous. 2. A 
 messuage in Turnagain Lane, yearly value los. 3. Four cottages and 
 one small house in Turnagain Lane, each cottage of the yearly value of 
 8d., and the mansion 8d. 4. Three parts of a messuage called 
 Tannersheld in Cheap, of the value [the three parts] of 403. All 
 the above are held in free burgage. Roger is his son and heir, and 
 is upwards of twenty-three. 
 
 At York the jurors found that he held in Yorkshire the mansion 
 of Kirkleventon for life from John, Duke of Bedford, Yearly value iS/. 
 
 The inquiry as to his Northumberland property was held 2d March, 
 before William Strother and others. The jury found that he held 
 in conjunction with John de Fenwycke, chaplain, one-half of the 
 manor of Great Benton, and one-half of the manor of Stannington, 
 and six fields in the vill of Trenwell. 
 
 In the half of the manor of Great Benton : I. Ten messuages, 
 each of the yearly value of ^.d. 2. Two cottages, each of the yearly 
 value of 2d. 3. One-half of a windmill, of no yearly value, because 
 all the mill there is destroyed. 4. Forty-eight acres of demesne 
 land, each acre of the yearly value of 2d. 5. Twelve acres of 
 meadow land, each acre of the yearly value of lid. 6. Fifteen 
 fields, each of the yearly value of 43. From, this moiety of the 
 manor of Great Benton there arise certain rent charges, etc. : I. 
 Thomas Hesilrigg holds South Wyteslade for three weeks' servitude 
 and yearly payment of 43. 4d. 2. Thomas Pityngton, chaplain, 
 holds one messuage, and 60 acres of land and one windmill, on 
 condition of perpetual fealty and payment yearly of 4d. 3. The 
 same Thomas holds one messuage and 120 acres of land in the 
 vill of Benton, on condition of fealty and payment yearly of 6d. 
 4. Adam Killingworth holds one-half of a messuage and 120 acres 
 of land in the vill of Killingworth, on condition of three weeks' 
 servitude and payment of 363. gd. yearly, 5. Robert of Killingworth 
 holds one messuage and 60 acres of land in Killingworth, on condition 
 of perpetual fealty and yearly payment of 43. 6d., and of two 
 pounds of pepper at the feast of St. Martin in the winter. 6. The same
 
 FIFTEENTH CENTURY. 285 
 
 holds one messuage and i acres in Killingworth, on condition of 
 three weeks' servitude at Benton and yearly payment of 2s. 6d. 
 7. Margaret, who was wife of John Ashton, knight, a moiety of the 
 manor of North Wyteslade, on condition of three weeks' servitude at 
 Benton and six parts of a knight's fee. This moiety of Great Benton 
 manor was held of the king in capite, etc. * 
 
 In the moiety of the manor of Stannington : I. Sixty acres of 
 demesne land, each acre valued yearly at 2d. 2. Four acres of 
 demesne meadow land, each acre valued yearly at 6d. 3. Sixteen 
 fields, each of the yearly value of 45. 4. Six cottages, each of the 
 yearly value of I2d. 5. Eight messuages, each of the yearly value of 
 4d. 6. A certain place for brewing, of the yearly value of 2s. 
 Certain rent charges, viz.: I. John Widdrington, knight,. for the manor 
 of Plessey and the vill of Shotton, pays perpetual homage and one 
 pair of gilt spurs yearly, and 2os., castleward of the castle of 
 Newcastle. 2. John Belsize, for half of a piece of arable and 
 pasture land in the vill of Stannington, perpetual homage and I3d. 
 yearly. 3. Certain land in the vill of Trenwell of the yearly value of 
 2s. The above moiety of the manor of Stannington and the six fields 
 in Trenwell are held from the king, on condition of perpetual fealty, 
 payment of i8d. for castleward of the castle of Newcastle, and I3d. 
 cornage. The whole of the above were made over by Thomas 
 Griffith to the said Roger, John de Fenwycke, and Thomas of Chester, 
 without royal license. But afterwards Henry, the late king of 
 England, grandfather of the present king, condoned the offence on 
 3<Dth January in the seventh year of his reign [1406], and confirmed 
 the transfer. 
 
 At the inquisition held at Newcastle on the 2/th March, before 
 John Rhodes, mayor John Pray, Thomas Penreth, William Pray, 
 William Stodert, Nicholas Gabefore, William Whetworth, William 
 Gray, Robert Akum, Thomas Dumley, Robert Hawson, William 
 Reede, and John Fourbour, sworn ; Roger Thornton's property in 
 Newcastle was set down as follows : 
 
 1. One messuage in the Broad Chare, " in which the said 
 
 Roger lived at the time of his death," of the yearly value 
 of 4Os. 
 
 2. Four small messuages " lying on the south side of the gate (or 
 
 door) of the preceding messuage " each of the yearly value 
 of 6s. 
 
 3. Two messuages in the Broad Chare, on the West Row each 
 
 of the yearly value of los. 
 
 4. Three messuages lying together at the south end of the Broad 
 
 Chare each of the yearly value of 6s. Sd.
 
 286 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 5. Seven messuages lying together in the Narrow Chare, other- 
 
 wise called Collier Chare each of the yearly value of los. 
 
 6. One messuage, with an orchard, lying on the east side of 
 
 Pandon Burn of the yearly value of 6s. 8d. 
 
 7. One messuage near the north end of the Broad Chare of no 
 
 yearly value, because ruinous. 
 
 8. One messuage under the east end of the cemetery of the 
 
 church of All Saints of no yearly value, because it is 
 ruinous. 
 
 9. Five messuages lying together on the south side of that 
 
 cemetery each of the yearly value of 53. 
 
 10. One garden lying within Pandon Gate of the yearly value 
 
 of6d. 
 
 1 1. Two gardens lying outside Pandon Gate each of the yearly 
 
 value of I2d. 
 
 12. Three gardens lying outside Sandgate, at the east end of 
 
 Sandgate each of the yearly value of 4d. 
 
 13. One messuage in Philip Chare of no yearly value, because 
 
 ruinous. 
 
 14. Seven messuages lying in the Close, on each side of the Long 
 
 Stairs each of the yearly value of 55. 
 
 15. Three messuages lying at the west end of the Close each of 
 
 the yearly value of 6s. 
 
 1 6. One messuage in the Side, called Lyle Place of no yearly 
 
 value, because ruinous. 
 
 17. Three separate messuages lying in the Side, below the castle 
 
 of no yearly value, because ruinous. 
 
 1 8. One messuage in the Cloth Market, on the north side of St. 
 
 Nicholas' churchyard, next to the North Kirkstile of the 
 yearly value of 2OS. 
 
 19. One messuage in Skinnergate of the yearly value of 6s. 8d. 
 
 20. Two other messuages in Skinnergate each of the yearly value 
 
 of 33. 4d. 
 
 21. One messuage on the west side of the Meal Market of the 
 
 yearly value of 2s. 
 
 22. One messuage on the east side of the Meal Market of the 
 
 yearly value of 33. 4d. 
 
 23. Two messuages in the Meal Market each of the yearly value 
 
 of 55. 
 
 24. Four messuages lying together in Denton Chare each of the 
 
 yearly value of 45. 
 
 25. One messuage in the Nete Market of no yearly value, because 
 
 ruinous.
 
 FIFTEENTH CENTURY. 287 
 
 26. One messuage in the Nete Market, in which Robert Singilton 
 
 lives of the yearly value of 2os. 
 
 27. Six messuages lying together outside the New Gate each of 
 
 the yearly value of 35. 
 
 28. Two parts of a close of the annual value of 2S. 
 
 29. Three messuages lying opposite the chapel of the blessed 
 
 Mary Magdalene each of the yearly value of 33. 4d. 
 
 30. One messuage, outside Pilgrim Street gate of the yearly 
 
 value of i os. 
 
 31. One messuage there of no yearly value, because ruinous. 
 
 32. One ridge of land there called Leyrigg of the yearly value 
 
 of I2d. 
 
 33. Two gardens there each of the yearly value of I2d. 
 
 34. One ridge of land there of the yearly value of I2d. 
 
 35. Four messuages lying in Pilgrim Street each of the yearly 
 
 value of 6s. 8d. 
 
 36. One messuage in Pilgrim Street, near the west end of All 
 
 Hallow Gate, in the tenure of Thomas Duche of the yearly 
 value of 2d. 
 
 37. One rent-charge of i6s. 8d. from that tenement in which 
 
 Thomas Penreth, draper, now lives in the Cloth Market. 
 
 38. One rent charge of i6s. from one messuage in the Nete Market, 
 
 now in the tenure of William Aysmyth. 
 
 39. One rent-charge of los. from one tenement outside the New 
 
 Gate, now in the tenure of John Halton. 
 
 40. One rent-charge of 55. from one tenement now in the tenure of 
 
 Ellen Savage. 
 
 41. The advowson of the hospital of the blessed Catherine, called 
 
 Thornton Hospital. 
 
 42. The advowson of a chantry at the altar of St. Peter, in the 
 
 church of All Saints. 
 
 43. The advowson of a chantry at the altar of St. Elgy in St. 
 
 Nicholas'. 
 
 44. The advowson of a chantry at the altar of the Holy Trinity 
 
 in St. Nicholas'. 
 
 In the bishopric Thornton possessed Axwell, Swalwell, Bradbury, 
 with the Isle, the tower and manor of Ludworth, and other property. 
 
 Thornton's altar tomb, in All Saints' church, was a handsome 
 piece of sculpture. The front was enriched with beautiful Gothic 
 compartments and armorial bearings, over which rose an elliptic 
 canopy surmounted by a spiral arch, rising in the centre and 
 terminating with a tower. A large brass plate, 7 feet 5 inches by 
 4 feet 3 inches, covered the top of the altar, on which were engraved
 
 288 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 the figures of Thornton and his wife, with numerous effigies of the 
 apostles and saints. The inscription may be translated thus : " Here 
 lies Domicella Agnes, formerly wife of Roger Thornton, who died in 
 the vigil of St. Katherine A.D. 1411. May God propitiate. Amen. 
 Here lies Roger Thornton, merchant, of Newcastle-on-Tyne, who 
 died A.D. 1429, 3d January." 
 
 February 25. 
 
 John Hunt, sergeant-at-arms, and John Hart, appointed to impress 
 ships of twenty to a hundred and forty tons burthen, in all ports 
 and places, from Newcastle to Sandwich, and cause the said 
 vessels to be at Sandwich about the i6th of April, for the king's 
 service in travelling to France. The ships are to be properly manned, 
 and the king will pay a reasonable sum for them while in his 
 employment. 
 
 June 12. 
 
 At an inquisition after the death of William Redheugh, held at 
 Durham on this date, mention is made of an -acre of land at Gates- 
 head, called Bell's-acre, held under the chantry of the Holy Trinity in 
 St. Edmund's Hospital there, and lying between the land of John 
 King, chaplain and keeper of the said chantry, and abutting towards 
 the west end upon the king's highway, towards a certain cross 
 standing on that way, at the head of Gatcshcad, 
 
 ROGER THORNTON'S M.VISON DIEV, SANDHILL (DEMOLISHED 1823).
 
 FOURTH DECADE -1431-40. 
 
 1431. 
 
 9 and 10 HENRY VI. 
 
 Bishop of Durham Thomas Langley. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 
 John Rhodes, Mayor, and John Clark, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and SJieriff elected at Michaelmas : 
 Mayor John Rhodes. Sheriff John Clark. 
 
 (EMBERS of parliament for Newcastle this 
 year 
 
 Laurence Acton and Robert Rhodes. 
 
 January 19. 
 
 Order from the Duke of Gloucester, keeper 
 of England, to the sheriffs, to proclaim the 
 renewal of a truce with Scotland from sunrise on 1st May ensuing 
 until sunset on that day 1436 five years. 
 
 April 1 8. 
 
 Robert Conyers of Sockburn, son and heir of Sir John Conyers, 
 making his will on this date, bequeaths to the Augustine friars of 
 Newcastle 6s. 8d. 
 
 The " north country " was not satisfied with the repeal in 1429 
 of the license which for short periods had been given to the merchants
 
 2QO 
 
 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 of Newcastle in the matter of the -staple of wool, etc. The counties 
 of Northumberland, Cumberland, Westmorland, and the bishopric of 
 Durham petitioned parliament, stating that by a certain license 
 granted by the crown to the merchants of Newcastle, they were able 
 to purchase all manner of wools, hides, fells, etc., from the counties and 
 bishopric, to carry them to Newcastle, there ship them, and thence 
 convey them to any part where the friendship of the king enabled 
 them, paying the customs, subsidies, and other duties, according to 
 the custom of other ports in the kingdom ; by which license, so granted 
 and being in force, the said merchants of Newcastle bought wools, 
 hides, and fells in the counties and bishopric aforesaid, to the great 
 ease, comfort, and sustenance of the possessors, and to the relief of all 
 the inhabitants and residents in the said counties and bishopric. 
 And now lately, by authority of the parliament last held at West- 
 minster, the said license so granted to the said merchants had been 
 repealed, by which repeal the wools, etc., remained in the hands of 
 their possessors unsold, to the probable destruction of those possessors, 
 great impoverishment of the counties and bishopric, and to the loss of 
 customs and subsidies to the king of 1000 marks per annum. Where- 
 fore they prayed that parliament would entreat the king to restore the 
 license to the merchants of Newcastle, and enable wools, hides, etc., 
 to be purchased by the merchants and their servants, and to be carried 
 abroad wheresoever the merchants should please to take them within 
 the king's treaties. They further asked parliament to consider the 
 poor quality of the wools, hides, etc. ; that they were of so little value 
 that they could not be sold at the staple of Calais, paying the accus- 
 tomed charges and dues there; and also that, by the repeal of the 
 license, the men of Scotland had sold their wools this year to a greater 
 value, and in larger numbers and quantities, than for many years past, 
 to their great increase, and damage of the king and all his lieges. 
 The response to this petition is : " Le Roy s'advisera " The king 
 will take it into consideration which is the equivalent of a polite 
 refusal.
 
 FIFTEENTH CENTURY. 291 
 
 1432. 
 
 10 and ii HENRY VI. 
 Bishop of Durham Thomas Langley. 
 
 Heretofore Bourne's List of mayors, bailiffs, and sheriffs, with such 
 corrections as local charters or deeds of property afford, has been 
 followed. Now comes in an independent document known in local 
 history as the Carr MS. Bourne, who had never seen it, gives the 
 following account of its origin from another MS. written by one of the 
 town chamberlains : " There was in the Garth [Castle Garth] a house 
 wherein William Robinson dwelt, who was Deputy Herrald under 
 Norroy King-at-Arms. This Man wrote in a Book the arms of all the 
 Mayors of this Town, from Laurentius Acton until his Time. And 
 when I was Chamberlain of the Town, which was about the Time of Sir 
 Nicholas Cole's being Mayor, in the Year 1640, it was then in the 
 Town's Chamber ; when Trollop built the Town-Court he borrow'd it 
 but would never restore it." The copy of this roll afterwards in the 
 possession of the Carrs of West Auckland is generally supposed to 
 have been that which was retained by Trollop. After some strange 
 vicissitudes and rejections by Newcastle antiquaries, it was purchased 
 by Mr. W. H. D. Longstaffe, who edited it as an appendix to the 
 Heraldic Visitation of the Northern Counties in 1530, by Thomas 
 Tonge, Norroy King-at-Arms, which forms vol. xli. of the Surtees 
 Society's Publications. It is entitled, " A cathelogue of all the Maiores 
 and Sherifs of his Maiestye Towne and countye of Newcastell-upon- 
 Tyne,with they re Cotes of Armes,and the Reignes of the several Kinges 
 and Queenes of this lande, with sarton brefes of cronicles that hapned 
 in theyr several reignes sence Anno Dom, 1432." There is a sub- 
 stantial agreement between the Carr MS. and Bourne's List as respects 
 the mayors ; but for the first fifty of the two hundred and two years 
 over which the MS. extends the sheriffs are different. The sheriffs of 
 the Carr MS. from 1432 to 1481 are just a year behind those of 
 Bourne, as if the compiler of one or the other had had two slips of 
 names before him, one of the mayors and the other of the sheriffs, and 
 had allowed one of them to slide up or down a year. Bourne is the 
 backslider, for deeds quoted by Brand agree with the Carr MS. in the 
 years 1433, 1437, 1 4S I > an d T 45^ ; similar documents quoted in a MS. 
 compiled by John Trotter Brockett, now in the castle library, con- 
 firm the Carr list in the years 1449, 1470, 1474, and 1475, while St. 
 Nicholas' and St. John's registers corroborate in 1590. Having, there- 
 fore, nine independent confirmations of the accuracy of the Carr
 
 292 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 MS., that document is assumed to be correct, and the mayors and 
 sheriffs in the following pages have been altered from the lists of 
 Bourne and Brand, and appear as the unknown compiler of the MS. 
 wrote them. 
 
 Mayor of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 Mayor John Rhodes. Sheriff John Clark. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff elected at Michaelmas : 
 Mayor Lawrence Acton. 
 
 Arms : Argent, saltire gules and a chief sable, charged with three bezants. 
 
 Sheriff Edward Bartram. 
 
 Arms : Or, an orle azure, in middle chief a crescent sable. 
 
 [Bourne's Sheriff Thomas Chirdon.] 
 In the parliament which met at Westminster in May, 
 
 Lawrence Acton and Robert Rhodes 
 were re-elected to represent Newcastle. 
 
 January 2. 
 
 ATE of a deed by which Henry Clitherow, brother of 
 Richard Clitherow [see 1425], and John Lacy, execu- 
 tors of the said Richard, grant to Hugh Clitherow of 
 Hull all that capital messuage in Pilgrim Street, 
 Newcastle. Witnesses John Rhodes, mayor, John 
 Clark, sheriff; Thomas Papeday, William Middleton, and Thomas 
 Penrith. 
 
 March I. 
 
 Another proclamation to be made by the sheriff of Newcastle that 
 traders and fishers doing any business in the kingdom of Dacia, 
 Norway, and Sweden, are not to use any other town than that of 
 Northbarn, where the said king has his staple. 
 
 June 26. 
 
 Mandate from the king to the Earl of Northumberland, conservator 
 of the truce between England and Scotland, the mayor of Newcastle, 
 and William Lambton, to inquire as to the capture of four Scottish 
 vessels, one from Aberdeen, one from Montrose, and two from Edin- 
 burgh, which had been taken on the high seas, against the form of 
 truce, and brought to Newcastle. 
 
 September 19. 
 
 Died, William Gategang, a prominent inhabitant of Gateshead. In 
 the inquisition after death the jurors found that he held, by virtue of
 
 FIFTEENTH CENTURY. 293 
 
 a certain fine, in the time of Bishop Bury, between Alan Gategang 
 and Agnes, his wife, and Nicholas Gategang, deforceant [one who 
 withholds by force], four messuages and four crofts in Gateshead, and 
 nine acres called Joppesriding ; also in fee tail, by virtue of the same 
 fine, 146 acres in Gateshead, fourteen acres called Salt Meadows, the 
 place called Pipewellgate, Camerdykes, twenty-four acres called 
 Strother Meadow, and fourteen acres at Rikburnhead. Heir, John 
 Gildford, aged twenty-four, grandson of Sibilla, his sister. Shortly 
 after his death pleas were heard in the chancery at Durham respecting 
 a portion of his land in Gateshead, claimed on the one part by 
 Gildford, the heir, and on the other by Thomas Lyes and Richard 
 Bukley, clerks. 
 
 1433. 
 
 ii and 12 HENRY VI. 
 Bishop of Durham Thomas Langley. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 Laurence Acton, Mayor, and Edward Bartram, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff elected at Michaelmas ; 
 
 Mayor Laurence Acton. 
 
 Arms as before. 
 
 Sheriff Thomas Chirdon. 
 
 Arms : Ermine, two bars gules, over all a cross crosslet botonie or. 
 
 [Bourne's Sheriff Thomas Parpdie.] 
 
 HE members of parliament elected this year by the 
 burgesses of Newcastle were 
 
 William Harding and Robert Rhodes. 
 
 May 27. 
 
 Date of a deed by which the king remitted to the mayor and 
 commonalty of Newcastle all kinds of taxes, tallages, tenths and 
 fifteenths, and moieties of tenths and fifteenths, which had been 
 granted him by his last parliament. His Majesty states that he has 
 granted these favours out of consideration for the immense labour and 
 heavy burthens which his lieges, the mayor and commonalty, had 
 sustained for a long time in the safe custody and defence of the town ; 
 the damage and losses in ships and merchandise upon the sea ; the 
 
 20
 
 294 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 desolation of the adjacent country ; the dearness of corn ; the 
 imminence of war with Scotland ; and the death of no small number 
 of the inhabitants by pestilence in the preceding year. 
 
 August 13. 
 
 Letters under the privy seal addressed to the collectors and 
 comptrollers of customs and subsidies in Newcastle and other ports, 
 commanding them to appear before the treasurer and barons of the 
 Exchequer at Westminster on the morrow of Michaelmas, bringing 
 with them all books, rolls, tallies, money, and other things necessary 
 for their charge and discharge in their accounts, and to make no 
 payments in the meantime. 
 
 This year, writes Bourne, was held, by royal authority, a warm 
 inquisition against Bishop Langley and his royal prerogatives in the 
 county palatine of Durham, first at Hartlepool and afterwards at 
 Newcastle ; the Earls of Northumberland and Westmorland, the 
 mayor of Newcastle, John Horsley, and seven others, being appointed 
 commissioners the said Laurence Acton and John Horsley 
 appointed to be of the quorum. The proceedings, though violent, 
 yet proved a remarkable evidence of the immunities and freedom of 
 the county palatine, and of the bishop's regal authority. 
 
 1434- 
 
 12 and 13 HENRY VI. 
 Bishop of Durham Thomas Langley. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 
 Laurence Acton, Mayor, and Thomas Chirdon, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff elected at Michaelmas : 
 
 Mayor Richard Hall. 
 
 Arms : Gules, three dogs' heads erased argent, collared sable, in the middle 
 chief a crescent or. 
 
 Sheriff Thomas Penrith. 
 
 Arms : Argent, three chevronels braced in the base of the escutcheon gules, 
 on a chief azure, a lion passant of the field, in fess point a crescent sable. 
 
 [Bourne's Sheriff Richard Brown.] 
 
 Brand adds: "In a deed in St. Andrew's vestry, 12 Henry VI., 
 1434, Laurence Acton occurs as mayor, and Edward Berton sheriff."
 
 FIFTEENTH CENTURY. 295 
 
 The 12 Henry VI. began on the ist September 1433, and ended 3ist 
 August 1434, and the deed is a confirmation of the accuracy of the 
 Carr MS., for the mayoralty of Acton and shrievalty of Bartram did 
 not end till 29th September 1433. Brand misleads the reader by 
 inserting the date of the regnal year as 1434, instead of 1433-34. 
 
 AURENCE ACTON, of Newcastle, Esquire [the 
 mayor?], who had been impleaded by the bishop of 
 Durham for a debt, received pardon of outlawry. 
 
 John Galefers, Godfrey Vastrie, Peter Van den 
 Velde, and John Wale, burgesses of Bruges, having complained that 
 their goods embarked on a Flemish vessel sailing towards Scotland 
 had been seized at sea by certain inhabitants of Newcastle as enemies' 
 goods, the bishop of Durham, upon the faith of letters under the 
 common seal of the town of Bruges, orders the goods to be restored 
 to the burgesses as their property. 
 
 I435- 
 
 13 and 14 HENRY VI. 
 
 Bishop of Durham Thomas Langley, 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 
 Richard Hall, Mayor, and Thomas Penrith, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and SJieriff elected at Michaelmas : 
 
 Mayor Robert Whelpington. 
 
 Arms : Gules, a chevron argent, charged with a crescent sable, a chief vaire or 
 and gules, and in base a mullet or. 
 
 Sheriff Richard Brown. 
 
 Arms : Gules, within a bordure a chevron between three lions' gambs erased erect 
 argent, over all a chief of the last charged with an eagle displayed sable, on 
 the chevron a mullet of the last. 
 
 [Bourne's Sheriff Thomas Wardell.] 
 
 Whelpington's mayoralty is attested by the Harleian MSS., wherein 
 is quoted a certificate of John, prior of Durham, Robert Whelpington, 
 mayor of Newcastle, and others bearing date ist May 1436.
 
 296 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 N the parliament summoned to meet at Westminster on 
 the loth October the burgesses of Newcastle were 
 represented by 
 
 Edward Bartram and Robert Rhodes. 
 June 21. 
 
 Thomas Hebbeden, chancellor and examining chaplain to the 
 bishop of Durham, making his will on this day, bequeaths to each of 
 the orders of mendicant friars in Newcastle 6s. 8d.; and to Elizabeth 
 Glasicr, of the same town, a gown and 2os. 
 
 1436. 
 
 14 and 15 HENRY VI. 
 
 Bishop of Durham Thomas Langley. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff of Newcastle till Michaelmas 
 
 Robert Whelpington, Mayor, and Richard Brown, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff elected at Michaelmas : 
 Mayor Richard Hall. 
 
 Arms as in 1434. 
 
 Sheriff Thomas Warde. 
 
 Arms : Azure, a cross patonce, and in sinister chief a mullet or. 
 [Bourne's Sheriff John Chambers.] 
 
 Brand quotes a deed in St. Andrew's vestry, which cannot now be 
 found, in which Robert Whelpington occurs as mayor, and Robert 
 Bothe, or Booth, as sheriff, on St. Matthew's day, 2ist September 
 1437 a week before the expiration of this mayoralty. If 1437 be the 
 correct year, this discrepancy is inexplicable. The names could be 
 made to fit the year before, on the supposition that Brown died during 
 his shrievalty, and that Bothe filled up his term. These are, however, 
 mere guesses ; though quite as probable as some of Bourne's 
 constantly recurring " The sames." " Roger " Booth was one of the 
 representatives of the town in the parliaments of 1420, 1421, and 1423, 
 and he is entered on the roll of thirty-five electors who in 1447 
 returned William Harding and Thomas Morrislaw to parliament.
 
 FIFTEENTH CENTURY. 297 
 
 January 20. 
 
 ATE of incorporation of the Glovers' Society of New- 
 castle. The brethren are to go together in procession 
 on Corpus Christi day in a livery, and play their play 
 at their own expense ; to choose annually three 
 stewards ; apprentices are to serve for seven years, on 
 pain of forfeiting 6s. 8d. to " the light " of the craft ; no Scotsman 
 born to be taken apprentice, nor allowed to work in the town under 
 
 a penalty of 405., etc. 
 
 March 12. 
 
 John Heyworth, vicar of Newcastle, who obtained the living by 
 exchange with William Glyn, was collated by the bishop of 
 Durham to the mastership of St. Edmund's Hospital, Gateshead, 
 vacant by the resignation of George Radcliffe. The following year, 
 at the feast of the Purification, 2d February, Heyworth agreed with 
 the burgesses of Gateshead concerning certain meadows belonging to 
 the hospital, called Ouicking-croft and Milne-flat, and the leys on each 
 side of Bensham, Long-flat, Southfield, Windmill Hill, and Stony-flat. 
 
 December 20. 
 
 John Palman, alias Coke, of St. Andrew's, Auckland, making his 
 will on this date [proved at Durham 3d January 1437], bequeaths to 
 each of the four orders of brethren in Newcastle one " towell " a 
 piece of linen for use at the altar. 
 
 I437- 
 
 15 and 16 HENRY VI. 
 
 Bishop of Durham Cardinal Langley. 
 
 Mayor and SJieriff of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 
 Richard Hall, Mayor, and Thomas Warde, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and SJieriff elected at Michaelmas : 
 Mayor Laurence Acton. 
 
 Arms as in 1432. 
 
 Sheriff John Chambers. 
 
 Arms : Gules, between three pierced cinquefoils a chevron or, charged 
 with a crescent sable. 
 
 [Bourne's Sheriff Thomas Parpdie.] 
 
 ARLIAMENT met in January, and Newcastle was 
 represented by 
 
 Laurence Acton and Robert Rhodes. 
 
 January 14. 
 The oldest ordinary of the Incorporated Company of
 
 298 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 Smiths in Newcastle bears this date. It enjoins that the society shall 
 go together in procession on the feast of Corpus Christi, and play their 
 miracle play or mystery at their own expense, attending at the hour 
 appointed, on pain of forfeiting a pound of wax; that every brother shall 
 be at St. Nicholas' church at the setting forth of the procession on the 
 feast of St. Eloi [the patron saint of smiths and artists] under the like 
 penalty ; that no Scotsman born shall be taken apprentice or suffered 
 to work, on pain of the forfeiture of 403., half whereof to go to the 
 chamber of the town, and the other half to the fellowship ; that no 
 brother shall sell " seyme and roffe " by weight under 33. 4d. per 
 hundred, on pain of forfeiting 6s. 8d. for each offence, etc. 
 
 January 20. 
 
 The skinners of Newcastle, who afterwards amalgamated with the 
 glovers, were formed into a society by deed of incorporation bearing 
 this date. Tuesday after Michaelmas was fixed as head meeting-day, 
 unless Michaelmas day should fall on a Monday, when it was to be 
 held on the Tuesday following. In this document occur the names of 
 Richard Hall, mayor ; Thomas Wardell (or Warde)," sheriff [another 
 confirmation of the Carr MS.] ; Roger Thornton, Robert Whelpington, 
 Laurence Acton, Simon Weldon, and William Ellerby, aldermen. 
 
 May 6. 
 
 Died, aged thirty-five, John Mitford of Mitford, a benefactor to the 
 chantry of St. Thomas, in St. Nicholas' church, Newcastle. He 
 married Constance, daughter of Sir Robert Ogle, and at his death 
 was seised of the manor of Molesden and various messuages at Newton. 
 
 August 10. 
 
 Notice was given that on the night of Friday the 2d instant some 
 thieves had entered a chamber in the inn of John Thornton of 
 Newcastle, where John Bonner of Berwick [probably the bishop's 
 chancellor of that name] was lodging, and stole two chests, commonly 
 called trussing-coffers, containing twenty marks in gold and more, and 
 various obligations, acquittances, and writings belonging to Bonner. 
 Restitution to be made to the bishop, the abbot of Alnwick, or the 
 curate of St. Nicholas', Newcastle, within twenty days, under pain of 
 
 excommunication. , T , 
 
 November 20. 
 
 Cardinal Langley died, and was succeeded in the see of Durham 
 by Robert Neville [fifth son of the first Earl of Westmorland, 
 by his second wife Joan, daughter of John of Gaunt], uncle of the 
 princes who afterwards reigned as Edward IV. and Richard III. 
 Cardinal Langley was buried in the Galilee at Durham. " He had 
 been appointed high chancellor of England in 1405, but resigned the 
 great seal on his consecration by the primate of Canterbury in St.
 
 FIFTEENTH CENTURY. 299 
 
 Paul's cathedral on the 8th of August 1406. On the 6th of June 
 1411 he received the cardinal's hat from pope John XXIII. In 1414 
 he was ambassador in France, and in 1417 (July 23d) again accepted 
 the office of chancellor. He resigned the seals on the death of Henry 
 V., but resumed them at the request of the parliament in November 
 1423, and continued to hold them till 1425, when he finally retired 
 from office. Cardinal Langley's age was spent in honourable retire- 
 ment within his diocese. His public works were munificent and 
 numerous. He built the whole of the old gaol, in the city of Durham, 
 with its massy gateway, and he founded two schools on the Palace- 
 green, the one for grammar, the other for plain-song." 
 
 1438. 
 
 16 and 17 HENRY VI. 
 
 Bishop of Durham Robert Neville. 
 
 Mayor and Slieriff of Newcastle till Micliaelmas : 
 
 Laurence Acton, Mayor, and John Chambers, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff elected at Michaelmas : 
 
 Mayor Robert Whelpington. 
 
 Arms as in 1435, without the crescent. 
 
 Sheriff Thomas Parpdie, or Papeday. 
 
 Arms : Or, a small crescent [apparently for difference only] gules, on a chief 
 engrailed argent, a popinjay vert, beaked and legged gules, between two 
 mullets sable. 
 
 Brand alters the sheriff's name to Pendreth, without mentioning 
 any authority for the change. In Bourne's List, under date 1433, 
 Penrith is misquoted as Parpdie, and Brand probably thought that the 
 same word meant Pendreth again. The difference in the coats of 
 arms shows that Brand was mistaken, and contemporary parlia- 
 mentary rolls and muster rolls of a century later go to prove that for 
 generations there were Papedays in Newcastle as well as Penriths. 
 [Bourne's Sheriff John Castle.] 
 
 April 8. 
 
 HE new bishop of Durham, by deed of this date, 
 appoints Robert Preston to the office of keeper of his 
 park and tower at Gateshead the tower being, most 
 likely, the erection on Tyne Bridge, which the New- 
 castle authorities had been compelled to surrender. 
 Preston is to hold office for life, receiving for the keeping of the park
 
 3 oo NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 three-halfpence a-day from the master forester, and for keeping the 
 tower a penny a-day, to be paid him by the bailiffs or other servants 
 of the bishop in Gateshead for the time being. He is also to have 
 " unam robam de secta valecta " [livery ?], or 8s. a-year in lieu thereof. 
 Bourne is the authority for the date 1438. The thirty-fourth report 
 of the deputy keeper of the public records fixes the appointment in 
 Bishop Neville's fourth year [1441-2]. Surtees quotes it as occurring 
 in 1448 ; but Bourne prints the deed in full, and the concluding words 
 are "Anno Domini 1438, et nostrae iranslat. primo"- the year of our 
 translation the first. 
 
 May 17. 
 
 Mandate from the king to Robert Harbottle, William Swinburne, 
 Matthew Whitfield, and Robert Whelpington, knights, to inquire by 
 the oaths of good and lawful men in Newcastle concerning the 
 Christopher of Aberdeen, belonging to Andrew Brusyard, which had 
 been taken and detained at Newcastle against existing truces, but 
 which, by arrangement afterwards, should have been delivered to 
 Robert Ogle, in recompense for his being unjustly seized and carried 
 into Scotland contrary to the said truces, and there detained a 
 prisoner till he purchased his redemption by a ransom of 750 marks. 
 (See 1442.) They are to inquire into whose hands the ship has been 
 delivered, and where it now is ; and all and singular the persons to 
 whom it shall have come they are to arrest and keep in safe custody 
 until the ship and her cargo, or the true value of the same, shall 
 be delivered to the said Robert Ogle or his attorney. 
 
 Stephen Brown, son of John Brown, grocer, of Newcastle, was 
 knighted and elected Lord Mayor of London, " for the uncommon 
 zeal and disinterested charity he employed in mitigating the terrors of 
 a great famine and pestilence which raged in England and France. 
 The poor people were forced to make themselves bread of fern roots. 
 Sir Stephen, at his own charge, sent several ships to Dantzic to 
 purchase rye, with which they so speedily returned as to depress the 
 markets and check the ravages of famine. He was one of the first 
 who showed the way to the Baltic markets in times of scarcity." The 
 pestilence named in the foregoing extract was unusually severe a 
 bushel of wheat was worth 2s. 6d. and parliament presented a 
 curious petition to the king in the following year, wherein they 
 " beseech your most noble grace in conserving of your most noble 
 person, and in comfort of us all, and of all those that we be come 
 hither for, in eschewing of any such infection to you to fall, which God 
 defend, graciously to conceive how where that any of your said
 
 FIFTEENTH CENTURY. 301 
 
 Commons, holding of you by knight's service, oweth in doing to you 
 homage by your gracious sufferance to kiss you, to ordain and grant, 
 by the authority of this present parliament, that every of your said 
 lieges, in the doing of their said homage, may omit the said kissing of 
 you, and be excused thereof at your will ; the homage being of the 
 same force as though they kissed you, and have their letters of doing 
 of their hemage, the kissing of you omitted notwithstanding." And 
 the king granted the petition. 
 
 Died this year Robert Dolphanby of Gateshead, leaving extensive 
 property in Northumberland and Durham to his only daughter Jane, 
 an infant under two years of age. Robert Strangeways, the younger, 
 was her guardian, and on his death, ten years later, Christopher 
 Boynton of Sedbury, J.P., held the property in trust for the heiress, 
 who afterwards married Conan Barton. The Dolphanbys, as we 
 have seen at various times in these pages, were persons of great 
 wealth and influence on Tyneside. 
 
 1439- 
 
 17 and 18 HENRY VI. 
 Bishop of Durham Robert Neville. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 
 Robert Whelpington, Mayor, and Thomas Papeday, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff" elected at Michaelmas : 
 
 Mayor John Clark. 
 
 Arms : Argent, between two swans a bend gules, charged with three plates, and in 
 
 dexter chief a mullet or. 
 
 Sheriff Thomas Castle. 
 
 Arms : Per fesse indented sable and or, in chief a castle of the last, and in dexter 
 
 chief a crescent gules. 
 
 [Bourne's Sheriff William Harding.] 
 
 October g. 
 
 ISHOP NEVILLE made a grant of the nomination to 
 the parish church of Gateshead, for one turn only, to 
 the university of Oxford, assigning the reasons which 
 follow : 
 
 " Robert, by divine permission bishop of Durham, 
 to the venerable and beloved men, the chancellor of the university
 
 302 
 
 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 of Oxford, and the other residents and non-residents in the 
 same, greeting, etc., etc. : We having been nourished by the 
 refreshment of healthy knowledge from the breasts of the aforesaid 
 university, our Alma Mater, are desirous, by suitable rewards, to 
 increase the study of the same by her fruitful offspring, so that she 
 may make longer her cords in the enlarged place of her tent. Hence 
 it is that we, relying upon your caution and prudence, have given you 
 the special nomination of the parish church of Gateshead for this one 
 time only, when it shall happen next to be vacant, conditioned that 
 you take care to nominate to us or our successor the person to 
 be nominated by you within three months after the vacancy of this 
 benefice occurs, in order that we may .confer upon the person of your 
 nomination for this said once the church of the same, or that our 
 successor may be able to confer it ; we, however, to do, or he to do, 
 those things which in this part are incumbent upon our or his 
 pastoral office." Thomas Tanfeld was rector of Gateshead at this 
 time, and held the living till his death, thirty-six years later. 
 (See 1475.) 
 
 THE ORIGINAL CALE CROSS, SIDE, NEWCASTLE.
 
 FIFTEENTH CENTURY. 303 
 
 1440. 
 
 1 8 and 19 HENRY VI. 
 
 Bishop of Durham Robert Neville 
 
 Mayor and Slieriff of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 
 John Clark, Mayor, Thomas Castle, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff elected at Michaelmas : 
 
 Mayor John Chambers. 
 
 Arms as in 1437. 
 
 Sheriff William Harding. 
 
 Arms : Sable, within a bordure engrailed between three keys erect a chevron 
 argent, charged with a crescent gules. 
 
 [Bourne's Sheriff John Musgrave.] 
 
 July ii. 
 
 RIT from the king to the sheriff of Newcastle, com- 
 manding him to proclaim certain articles of peace 
 and friendship with the Duke of Brittany. 
 
 July 1 6. 
 
 Robert Rhodes appointed to the office of con- 
 troller of the port of Newcastle. Bourne publishes all the documents 
 connected with this appointment, namely: ist. The king's mandate; 
 2d. The royal order to the prior of Durham to receive Rhodes' oath ; 
 3d. The oath itself ; and 4th, prior Wessington's certificate that the 
 oath has been taken. Roughly translated they read as follows : 
 
 ist. The King's Mandate. " Henry, by the grace of God, King of 
 England and France and Lord of Ireland, to all to whom these presents 
 shall come, greeting: Know ye that we have appointed Robert 
 Rhodes our controller of the great and small customs ; of the toll on 
 wool, hides, and fells ; and also of the toll of three shillings on 
 each barrel, and twelve pence in the pound [of value of other 
 merchandise] in the port of the town of Nevvcastle-on-Tyne, and in 
 the several harbours and creeks adjacent to that port ; to have and to 
 hold that office as long as pleaseth us ; and in undertaking that office 
 to find the customary sureties and sign the usual agreements ; that he, 
 the said Robert, shall write our rolls with his own hand, and shall 
 constantly reside there, and shall perform and execute all the other 
 duties belonging to that office in his own person and not by a substi-
 
 304 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 tute according to the statutes of this realm : We also willing that 
 the other part of our seal, which is called a cocket, shall remain in the 
 custody of the said Robert, in the aforesaid port, as long as he shall 
 hold the above-mentioned office. In testimony whereof we have 
 caused these, our letters patent, to be made. Witness myself at 
 Westminster, the i6th day of July, in the igth year of our 
 reign, viz., 1440." 
 
 2. Royal order to the prior of Durham to receive the oath. 
 " Henry, etc., to our beloved in Christ, the prior of Durham, greeting : 
 Know ye that we have given to you power to receive the oath of our 
 beloved Robert Rhodes, controller of our customs great and small, 
 etc., etc., that he will perform well and faithfully that office according 
 to the form of the schedule enclosed with these presents. And 
 therefore we enjoin and command you that ye receive the aforesaid 
 oath in the faith and love which ye bear towards us ; and when ye 
 shall have received it, ye shall hand over to the said Robert our letters 
 patent, made to him for that office, which we send to you by the 
 present bearer : and that to us concerning that oath, when it shall have 
 been so taken, ye shall make record under your seal distinctly and 
 openly, without delay, in our chancery, sending to us this brief. 
 Witness myself, the i6th day of July, in the I9th year of our reign." 
 
 3. The Oath. "You swear that you shall well and loyally serve 
 the king in the office of controller of the customs and subsidies of the 
 king, in the port of Newcastle-on-Tyne, and loyally enter the things 
 that they sell in the said port or export from thence ; and that you 
 take no gift for performance of your office, nor do anything to the 
 king's disadvantage, nor permit any merchandises or other customable 
 goods to pass out of the said port without payment of custom ; 
 and that you hold the office yourself and dwell there in your proper 
 person without substitute, and write the rolls with your own hand, 
 and gather and collect the king's profits to the best of your knowledge 
 and power. So help you God and His saints." 
 
 4. The Prior's Certificate. " Before the king himself in chancery, 
 by the prior of Durham. By virtue of this brief, I, John Wessing- 
 ton, prior of Durham, on Tuesday, the ipth day of September, in the 
 year underwritten, have received the oath of the aforesaid Robert, 
 that he will well and faithfully perform his office according to the 
 form of the schedule in this brief enclosed. 1440."
 
 FIFTH DECADE 1441-1450. 
 
 1441. 
 
 19 and 20 HENRY VI. 
 Bishop of Durham Robert Neville. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 John Chambers, Mayor, and William Harding, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff elected at Michaelmas : 
 Mayor William Harding. 
 
 Arms as in the previous year, but the crescent sable. 
 
 Sheriff John Musgrave. 
 Arms : Azure, six annulets or. 
 
 [Bourne's Sheriff Simon Weldon.] 
 
 February 16. 
 
 'HE king signs at Westminster a confirmation 
 of the charters and liberties of the town of 
 Newcastle. 
 
 May. 
 
 The bishop of Durham granted this month 
 a way-leave to Thomas Kirkeby, " master of St. 
 Edmund's Hospital, Gateshead," for the pur- 
 pose of carrying coals, wrought out of the 
 hospital lands, to the river Tyne, with liberty to build staiths upon the 
 bishop's soil there, paying to the bishop and his successors loos, per 
 annum.
 
 306 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 November 28. 
 
 License from the king to the Earl of Westmorland to give and 
 grant to Richard Caudray, clerk, John Richard, clerk, Richard Drax, 
 clerk, and Robert Cavel, clerk, his manors of Bywell, Bolbeck, and 
 Styford, which he holds of the king in chief; also 9O/. 6s. 8d. of rent, 
 with the appurtenances in the town of Newcastle, of the fee-farm of 
 the said town, the which also he holds of the king. 
 
 1442. 
 
 20 and 21 HENRY VI. 
 
 Bishop of Durham Robert Neville. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 
 William Harding, Mayor, and John Musgrave, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff elected at Michaelmas : 
 
 Mayor Thomas Warde. 
 
 Arms as in 1436. 
 
 Sheriff Simon Weldon. 
 
 Arms : Or, a lion rampant dismembered gules, in sinister chief a mullet azure. 
 [Bourne's Sheriff William Jay.] 
 
 ilARLIAMENT was summoned to meet at Westminster 
 on the 25th January, and Newcastle was represented 
 
 there by 
 
 Robert Rhodes and Robert Heworth. 
 
 During the session two questions of interest to New- 
 castle were considered. The first was the maintenance of vessels for 
 the protection of the coasts against invasion. The Commons 
 petitioned the king to have upon the sea continually, " for the seasons 
 of the year from Candlemas to Martinmas, eight ships with forstages 
 [forecastles] ; the which ships, as it is thought, must have, one with 
 another, each of them 150 men total, 1200 men. Every great ship 
 must have attending upon him a barge and a ballinger [small vessel], 
 and every barge must have 80 men total, 640 men. The eight 
 ballingers must have in each of them 40 men total, 320 men. There 
 must be awaiting and attendant upon them four spynes [pinnaces], in 
 each spyne 25 men total, 100 men. Total of the men, 2240." Each
 
 FIFTEENTH CENTURY. 307 
 
 man was to receive 2s. a-month wages ; the masters and quarter- 
 masters 35. 46. a-month more than the seamen, and the total amount 
 of wages was 334/. a-month. The cost of victualling at I4d. per man 
 a- week was 5277. 6s. 8d. a-month, forming for wages and victualling 
 j6il. 6s. 8d. a-month, or Gogol. 135. 4d. for the eight months in which 
 the ships were to be kept at sea. The vessels were to be placed at 
 Bristol, two ; at Dartmouth, two ; in the port of London, two ; at 
 Hull, one ; and at Newcastle a great ship called the George. The 
 George was also to have a ballinger in attendance. Prizes taken at sea 
 were to be distributed one half of ship and goods to the masters, 
 quartermasters, seamen, and soldiers ; the other half to be divided into 
 thirds ; two parts to go to the owners of the ships, barges, ballingers, 
 and pinnaces, and the other third to the chief captain and under- 
 captains, the former receiving two parts of it and the latter one part 
 The king's reply to this petition was, " Let it be done as is desired 
 during the time of the safeguard of the sea herein specified." 
 
 The other matter of local interest was a petition from the 
 Commons to the king in favour of William Bedford, which sets 
 forth that "forasmuch as by three inquests taken at divers times 
 and places, upon three your several warrants, at the suit of divers 
 Scots, direct to Henry Earl of Northumberland and others, it was 
 found that a ship of Scotland, called Cristofore> of Aberdeen, came, 
 without any compulsion or necessity, and without license, safe-conduct 
 or cause lawful, against the form of truce at that time being betwixt 
 this your noble realm of England and Scotland had and concluded, 
 and arrived in the port of the town of Newcastle-upon-Tyne ; and that 
 the said ship and goods and merchandise therein being, belonged of 
 right, by the cause above said, to the full blessed Prince John, late Duke 
 of Bedford, whose soul God assoil, then being Admiral of England, 
 the which warrants and inquests remain of record in your Chancery ; 
 by force of which William Bedford, that time being lieutenant of 
 Admiralty in those parts, under the said late duke as his servant, 
 seized the said ship, and certain goods and merchandises then 
 therein being took, and to divers persons them for 250 marks, and no 
 more, sold, and the same sum to the said late duke paid ; and not- 
 withstanding the matters aforesaid, long after that payment, it was 
 lately ordained, appointed, and concluded among other things 
 between the commissaries of the said realms assigned to hear and 
 redress attempts done against the form of truce, that forasmuch as 
 Sir Robert Ogle, knight, was within the time of truce, within the 
 ground of England wrongfully by Scots taken prisoner, against the 
 form of the said truce, that the said ship and goods should be 
 delivered to the said Sir Robert, in recompense of 750 marks by him
 
 3 o8 
 
 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 paid to the same Scots for his ransom and deliverance, which 
 ordinance, appointment, and conclusion were not openly proclaimed, 
 nor the said William privy made thereto." The petition further 
 recites that Bedford was imprisoned till he. paid the money to Sir 
 Robert ; and it prays that the executors of the duke be ordered to 
 pay to Bedford such sum of money as he paid or answered for to the 
 duke, and that Ogle's claim be thereby fully discharged. The. reply 
 is " Be it as it is desired by this petition." (See 1438.) 
 
 September 14. 
 
 On the feast of the Holy Cross or Holy Rood Day, John Dolphanby 
 of Gateshead, founder- of the chantry of St. John the Baptist and St. 
 John the Evangelist, in the parish church of that town [see 1421], 
 grants to Richard Dolphanby (and to his heirs for ever), son of his 
 daughter, Alice Dolphanby, the presentation to the chantry of St. Loy, 
 by him lately founded in the same church. 
 
 October 10. 
 
 Date of the ordinary of the Incorporated Company of Barber 
 Surgeons and Chandlers. The brethren are to join the procession on 
 Corpus Christi Day in a livery, and afterwards play at their own expense 
 the mystery or miracle play of " The Baptising of Christ." Every man 
 is to be in the procession when his hour is assigned to him at the New 
 Gate, under a penalty of forfeiting a pound of wax ; to go also with 
 the pageant, when it should be played, in a livery, under the like 
 penalty. No alien born to be taken apprentice, or allowed to work 
 within the town or without, under a penalty of 2os. The society to 
 uphold the light of St. John the Baptist in St. Nicholas' Church as 
 long as they are of ability. No barber, apprentice or servant, to shave 
 on a Sunday, within the town or without by a mile's space. 
 
 ST. MAIIV'S \\KIA., BLACK FRIAUS* MONASTERY, NEWCASTLE.
 
 FIFTEENTH CENTURY. 309 
 
 I443- 
 
 21 and 22 HENRY VI. 
 
 Bishop of Durham Robert Neville. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 
 Thomas Warde, Mayor, and Simon Weldon, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff elected at Michaelmas : 
 
 Mayor John Musgrave. 
 
 Arms as in 1441. 
 
 Sheriff William Jay. 
 
 Arms : Argent, a jay vert, beaked and legged gules, in sinister chief a mullet 
 azure, thereon a crescent or. 
 
 [Bourne's Sheriff Thomas Headlam.J 
 
 February 27. 
 
 N nearly all the parliaments of this, the preceding, and 
 the following reigns, occur petitions respecting the 
 staple of wool, etc. The authorities of the staple at 
 Calais constantly complain of attempted evasions of 
 their privileges ; the merchants of Newcastle and other 
 ports as frequently endeavour to obtain liberty of consignment to other 
 places. In the years 1397, 1400, 1426, 1429, and 1431, the progress of 
 the struggle has been recorded. This year (Feb. 27) the king 
 granted to the burgesses of Newcastle license that by them and their 
 servants " they may buy wools, hides, and wool-fells, of the growing 
 of the shires of Northumberland, Cumberland, Westmorland, and of 
 the bishopric of Durham, counting a last of hides for two sacks of 
 wool, and 200 wool-fell at the least [small ones] and 140 wool-fell 
 above [larger ones] for a sack of wool ; and them to carry to Calais, 
 and to ship them in Newcastle from the feast of St. Michael next 
 coming by two year then next following. And the same wools, wool- 
 fells, and hides to carry unto Bruges in Flanders, during the first year, 
 and for the second year unto Zeland, etc., notwithstanding the statute, 
 etc., and paying customs, subsidies, and duties, etc., with a proviso that 
 they ship none other wools, etc." A few years later we shall find the 
 people of Calais obtaining restrictions. And so the business went on, 
 renewing and repealing, till the turn of the century, when king Henry 
 VIII. gave the merchant guild of Newcastle leave to export wools, on 
 payment of certain duties, to any foreign port. 
 
 21
 
 310 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 March 7, 
 
 Commissioners appointed to impress ships for the conveyance of 
 the army going to Aquitane with the Earl of Somerset, to check the 
 ravages committed there by the adversary and Dauphin of France. 
 Thomas Derlyng and Peter Boweman [two of the number] are to 
 arrest ships from Newcastle and other east coast ports. The king 
 commands the mayor, sheriff, vice-admirals, and customers of New- 
 castle to aid in the impressment. 
 
 June 4. 
 
 The Council, at Westminster, order a letter to be written to 
 the mayor and commonalty of Newcastle, " thanking them of the 
 hundred marks that they had given [lent ?] now the king in these his 
 necessities." 
 
 Died this year, a centenarian, Sir John Widdrington, knight, son 
 of Elizabeth [daughter and heir of Maud or Matilda] Hilton, whose 
 first husband was Roger Widdrington [see 1372], and whose father 
 was Richard Acton of Newcastle [see 1333]. Sir John married 
 Catherine, daughter of Sir William Acton, knight, and was a man of 
 large possessions. At his death it was found that he held the manors 
 of Woodhorn and Plessy ; the manors and vills of Widdrington, 
 West Swinburn, and Colwell, the vills of Shotton, Blagdon, and 
 Newbiggin-by-the-Sea, the hamlet of Druridge, a fishery on the Wans- 
 beck, and lands, etc., in Jesmond, Denton, Hartford, and eighteen other 
 places in Northumberland. 
 
 THE NEW GATE, NEWCASTLE, ami CENTURY.
 
 FIFTEENTH CENTURY. 311 
 
 1444- 
 
 22 and 23 HENRY VI. 
 
 Bishop of Durham Robert Neville. 
 
 Mayor and Slier iff of Newcastle till Micfiaelmas : 
 
 John Musgrave, Mayor, and William Jay, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and SJieriff elected at Michaelmas : 
 
 Mayor William Harding. 
 
 Arms as in 1441. 
 Sheriff Thomas Headlam. 
 
 Arms : Argent, three holly leaves (?) vert, in chief a crescent sable, thereon another 
 
 crescent or. 
 
 [Bourne's Sheriff Thomas Bee.] 
 
 May 12. 
 
 RIT from the king to the sheriff of Newcastle, 
 ordering him to make public proclamation that 
 none of the lieges, of whatsoever state, grade, or 
 condition, transmit or transfer, under any pretext 
 whatsoever, ships or other vessels to islands or 
 other places in the kingdom of Dacia prohibited by the king of that 
 country. 
 
 May 1 8. 
 
 Similar writ from the king, directing proclamation to be made of a 
 prolongation of truce with Scotland, from the date of the completion 
 of the existing truce (ist May 1447) for seven years namely, till 
 sunset on the ist May 1454. 
 
 July II. 
 
 Brand quotes a charter of this date by which the king granted to the 
 burgesses of Newcastle a new privilege. The admirals of England 
 had jurisdiction in maritime causes and contracts made in the various 
 ports of the realm, and by this charter the king exempted the men of 
 Newcastle from their jurisdiction, and from that of the royal con- 
 stables and marshals, and the wardens of the marches and their 
 servants : ordering that no attachment, summons, or execution should
 
 312 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 issue or be made within the town and its liberties except by the 
 servants or officers of the municipality. On page 16 of his second 
 volume Brand dates this charter 1443 ; on page 175 of the same 
 volume he enters it correctly as being sealed at Shene on the 
 nth July 1444. 
 
 August ii. 
 
 Letters of fraternity [entitling the recipient to be addressed by 
 monks and nuns as brother or sister] granted by the prior and 
 convent of Durham to Robert Rhodes, " Esquire, and learned in the 
 law." Rhodes occasionally lived in the South Bailey at Durham, and 
 besides lending the convent money, founded a chantry in the 
 cathedral there. In Durham Household Book are several entries of 
 payments to priests serving in Rhodes' chantry. 
 
 Mrs. Alice Bellasis gave this year to University College, Oxford, 
 a tenement near the New Gate, Newcastle, in the occupation of 
 Thomas Gray, litster [dyer], lying between the tenement of Robert 
 Daunt on the north and the way that leads to the house of the Friars 
 Minor from the church of St. Andrew on the south; also three 
 tenements and two tofts in the same way leading from the said church 
 to the aforesaid house of the Friars Minor. 
 
 The investigation which Cardinal Langley made into the affairs 
 of the Hospital of the Virgin in Westgate, and the excommunication 
 launched in 1428 against those who borrowed or stole any of its 
 property, led to an accurate inventory being taken of the goods 
 owned by the fraternity. Bourne prints the list as it appeared during 
 Harding's mayoralty this year : " Three gilt chalices, one vestment of 
 bloody velvet with gold fringe, one cap, one casule, three albs for the 
 principal festivals. One cap of cloth of gold, of red colour, wrought 
 with golden images, one casule, three albs. One black cap, woven 
 with dragons and birds in gold. One single vestment, wrought in 
 with peacocks, with a corporal belonging to the same. Single vest- 
 ment for the priest, only of white, bordered about with roses, and with 
 a corporal belonging to it. Single vestment for the presbyter, of a 
 bloody colour, with a corporal belonging to the same. Vestment for 
 the presbyter of cloth of gold. Vestment of cloth of gold, interwoven 
 with leopards and birds. One hood or cap, one casule, one alb with a 
 stole. Single vestment for one priest, in the hands of John Fitzberry, 
 the present master. Single vestment for the priest of St. Nicholas. 
 One hood. Cover of bloody velvet for a sepulchre. Two casules, the
 
 FIFTEENTH CENTURY. 313 
 
 middle part of white colour. One hood of a red colour, for an orna- 
 ment to the altar of St. Nicholas. Two linen cloths of a red colour, 
 for the side ornament of the altar. One frontal of satin, of bloody 
 colour, woven with golden images for the altar. One quadrigesimal 
 veil of linen cloth, white, with a red cross below. One table set 
 apart as an ornament for the linen of the altar. One table gilded 
 with the image of the blessed Virgin Mary. Two tables, with the 
 pax, one of them gilded and beset with precious stones." 
 
 I44S 
 
 23 and 24 HENRY VI. 
 Bishop of Durham Robert Neville. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 
 William Harding, Mayor, and Thomas Headlam, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff elected at Michaelmas : 
 
 Mayor William Jay. 
 
 Arms as in 1443. 
 
 Sheriff Thomas Bee. 
 
 Arms : Argent, three bees and in chief a crescent sable 
 [Bourne's Sheriff John Ward.] 
 
 ARLIAMENT assembled on the 25th February, but the 
 returns of the election in Newcastle cannot be found. 
 In granting the king's subsidy from wools, etc., this 
 year, parliament made the following exception: 
 " Every merchant denizen that had any wool or 
 wool-fell in a ship of John Woderoff, or in a ship called Christofore of 
 Newcastle, of which ship was master Alebrande Derikson, or in a ship 
 called John Martin, or in any other ship taken with enemies upon the 
 sea or perished by misfortune, or in any ship that shall happen or 
 perished hereafter whereof the subsidy due or to be due is or shall be 
 duly paid, etc., and such loss is proved before the treasurer of 
 England or the chief baron of the Exchequer . . . that then these 
 said merchant denizens, etc., shall ship when them liketh, as much 
 wool or wool-fell, in the same port or ports in which the same wool 
 or wool-fell was shipped, as was so perished, lost, or taken, without any 
 subsidy."
 
 3H NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 In the inquisitions post-mortem this year it was found that John, 
 Duke of Bedford, deceased, held in burgage, paying 2os. per annum 
 to the keeper of the free chapel of St. Thomas the Martyr on Tyne 
 Bridge, a certain tenement situate in the Close, Newcastle, and called 
 " The Earl's Inn of Northumberland." (See loth April 1482.) 
 
 1446. 
 
 24 and 25 HENRY VI. 
 Bishop of Durham Robert Neville. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 William Jay, Mayor, and Thomas Bee, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff elected at Michaelmas : 
 Mayor William Harding. 
 
 Arms as in 1441. 
 
 Sheriff John Ward. 
 
 Arms as in 1436. 
 [Bourne's Sheriff John Winton.] 
 
 September 4. 
 
 ILL of Robert Hunter of York, scholar. To be 
 buried at St. Olive's, York. Leaves for fifteen 
 masses in St. Nicholas', Newcastle, 53., and for 
 five masses in All Saints', Newcastle, 2od. To 
 Thomas, son of Robert Ellerington, all my books. 
 
 Residue to Robert Ellerington and Elizabeth his wife, my mother. 
 
 Commission to Roland Hardgill, vicar of Haltwhistle. 
 
 Brand, on the authority of the Aubone MS., states that two 
 inquisitions were held this year, "concerning divers rights belonging 
 to the town of Newcastle ; the one found by a jury of Northumber- 
 land, and the other by a jury of that town." (See the following year, 
 under date 4th January.)
 
 FIFTEENTH CENTURY. 315 
 
 1447- 
 
 25 and 26 HENRY VI. 
 
 Bishop of Durham Robert Neville. 
 
 Mayor and SJieriff of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 William Harding, Mayor, and John Ward, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff elected at Michaelmas : 
 Mayor William Harding. Sheriff John Winton, or Ovington. 
 
 Arms of the Sheriff : Argent, three ogresses each charged with a 
 crescent or, in chief a mullet sable. 
 
 [Bourne's Sheriff Robert Baxter.] 
 
 ARLIAMENT was summoned to meet at Bury St. 
 Edmund's on the loth February. Members elected 
 for Newcastle, 
 
 William Harding and Thomas Morrislaw. 
 
 The return for this election was made by the sheriff of Newcastle by 
 indenture, being (says Prynne, quoted by Brand) the first on record 
 after the appointment of that officer. The indenture is made between 
 John Ward, sheriff of the town of Newcastle of the one part, and 
 Roger Thornton, Esquire, Simon Weldon, Roger Harding, John 
 Chambers, Robert Baxter, John Bird, Alan Gary [Qy Carr ?], Robert 
 Langwath, John Penrith, Nicholas Withwam, Robert Elton, 
 Robert Lidster, William Harding, Thomas Wardley, William 
 Medicroft, Thomas Castle, John Baxter, William Rose, William 
 Furnes, John Jay, William Ferrour, John Kempe, William Reed, John 
 Wells, John Musgrave, Roger Buthe, William Barton, Thomas Bee, 
 Alan Bird, John Sample, William Pray, Roland Broughton, John 
 Spencer, William Long, William Ludworth, good men of the town 
 [the electors], on the other part, and it states that due proclamation 
 having being made according to the tenor of the writ attached to the 
 indenture, they had elected freely and impartially two of the most 
 discreet and capable burgesses resident in the town namely, William 
 Harding and Thomas Morrislaw. The seal of the sheriff and the seals 
 of the thirty-five electors are attached, and the date is 1st February. 
 William Harding was in his fourth mayoralty when this election took 
 place ; and two years later, and again in 1452, he was re-elected to 
 both those honours.
 
 3i6 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 January 4. 
 
 Inquisition taken at Newcastle before Thomas Fulthorp, knight 
 [one of the justices of the court of common pleas], William Harding, 
 mayor, Roger Thornton, Robert Rhodes, Roland Tempest, John 
 Musgrave, Thomas Wardale, and John Chambers, by virtue of a 
 royal commission directing them to inquire, by the oaths of good and 
 approved men, into a variety of subjects affecting the town, the river, 
 and the county of Northumberland. The jury consisted of William 
 Jay, William Middleton, William Pray, John Usher, William Rotham, 
 John Forester, John Leynton, Robert Elthom, William Fawcus, John 
 Hilton, John Nicholson, William Hoton, John Wellys, and Robert 
 Bulmer. Several of the commissioners and jurors appear in the list 
 of electors quoted in the preceding paragraph. The jury found that 
 beyond the memory of man the mayor and burgesses of Newcastle 
 had and held of the king now reigning and all his progenitors and 
 predecessors, as burgesses when there was no mayor, and as mayor 
 and burgesses when there was a mayor, the said town ; and that the 
 water of Tyne, and the soil of the same by the water covered, from a 
 place called Spar Hawk in the sea to a place called Hedwin Streams, 
 with the appurtenances, are parcel of the liberties and free customs of 
 the said town held under a fee-farm, saving the rents, prises, and 
 assessments of the king in the port of the said town. And that John, 
 lately king of England, progenitor of our lord the king, by his charter, 
 shown to the jury, confirmed to the burgesses, predecessors of the 
 present mayor and burgesses, the said town with its appurtenances, 
 liberties, and free customs (saving the aforesaid rents, etc.), to hold of 
 him and his successors in fee-farm for ever. And that the said town 
 for all parts of the kingdom of England situate in the east marches 
 over against Scotland, and to the people of the king dwelling in the 
 same, is as a shield of defence and safe refuge against the invasions 
 and frequent incursions of the Scots. And further, that within the 
 said liberties and other customs the mayor and burgesses and all their 
 predecessors from all time had and were seised as parcel of their farm 
 aforesaid, as well of the entire port of the said town as of a certain 
 market on whatever days it may be held in the said town. And also 
 of all stalls, shops, booths, and shambles for trading in all victuals, 
 merchandises, and saleable articles, and wines, ale, and beer ; of inns 
 for all sorts of persons; of herring-houses and fish-houses for making 
 and drying of every kind of herring and saleable fish wheresoever 
 taken within the said water, and wheresoever and in whatsoever 
 manner landed within any part or parts of the said water between Spar 
 Hawk and Hedwin Streams ; and to make, dry, sell, store, etc., within 
 the town and not elsewhere ; and to load, unload, and reload with
 
 FIFTEENTH CENTURY. 317 
 
 merchantable goods, etc., all manner of ships, boats, and vessels, 
 whencesoever coming, or beyond the same water carried, at the said 
 town that is to say, between the bridge and the wall-foot of the town, 
 and not elsewhere, without their license. And of common ovens for 
 baking, and breweries of ale and beer, and offering bread, etc., for sale 
 to any one residing in the parts above written and coming to the 
 town, and not anywhere else. And of seizure and forfeiture of bread, 
 wine, ale, and other victuals, etc., and the correction and punishment 
 of offenders. Also of a certain custom of fourpence for every quarter 
 baked. 
 
 The document then recites the above liberties as specially belonging 
 to the town, and not to be had or held outside of it by anybody else 
 within the limits of the river. The jury also found that the burgesses 
 of Newcastle were seised from the aforesaid time as part of the 
 appurtenances, liberties, and customs of the town and parcel of their 
 farm, of a certain tax or custom upon all goods and saleable articles 
 for the maintenance of the town and farm. Then follows the tariff, 
 showing that the town levied, among other items : Upon ships not of 
 the port entering loaded, and landing cargo, 1 2d. ; upon ships outward 
 with cargoes of customable goods, i6d. ; each chaldron of sea-coal, 2d. ; 
 sack of wool, 6d. ; barrel or pipe of wine, 6d. ; last of red herrings, 2od., 
 and less than a last, on each barrel 6d. ; every dozen grindstones, 33. ; 
 etc. Next comes the king's tax in kind, or its equivalent, upon certain 
 goods, such as two casks of wine from each ship loaded with that 
 article, and discharging her cargo in Newcastle, " one to be taken 
 before and the other aft of the mast, at his choice." And the jury 
 further found that a certain place called North Shields, which erewhile 
 was called Shields, is contiguous and adjacent to the aforesaid water, 
 between the high sea and Hedwyn streams. And that in the court of 
 the late king Henry III., before Robert de Vesey and his associates, 
 justices itinerant, at Newcastle, in the third year of his reign, the 
 then prior of Tynemouth was prohibited from erecting buildings in 
 the place called Shields, to the injury of the town of Newcastle ; and 
 from allowing his men abiding there to bake bread, or brew ale for sale, 
 or make other merchandise, to the injury of the said town. And that 
 for sixty years last past the prior of Tynemouth having demesne lands 
 of his priorate adjoining the said water, at the place called North 
 Shields, had added to his said lands four acres of land within the afore- 
 said water, and the ebb and flow of the same, and by his servants, 
 tenants, and farmers, holding from him, had newly erected 200 
 messuages, and permitted common inns for men and horses, taverns of 
 wine and ale, stalls, shops, booths, and shambles for the sale of victuals 
 and other vendible articles, to be brought together, also herring-houses
 
 3 i8 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 and fish-houses, notwithstanding the prohibition, and had called that 
 place the town of North Shields, where, beyond the water, namely, 
 upon its bank, there had been of old time only three cottages called 
 fisher-lodges ; and had held, and without royal license usurped and 
 intruded a certain new market, to the injury of the said merchant town 
 of Newcastle. The inquisition then sets out the rents and profits 
 derived by the prior and convent from the various houses, staiths, 
 herring-houses, common ovens, etc. The rents amounted to 1500 
 marks, and it is stated that they baked 1000 quarters of wheat in the 
 ovens, and brewed 2000 quarters of malt per annum. The jury found 
 also that the prior and convent, by themselves and their tenants, and 
 John Thornton, monk and cellarer of their house, and other persons, 
 had kept ships, and that by these and the other proceedings enume- 
 rated the mayor and burgesses of Newcastle sustained an annual loss 
 of 34O/. And lastly, they found that for sixty years the prior and 
 convent, by their serving-men, tenants, and farmers, had usurped and 
 taken all manner of wreck of the sea and deodands accruing within 
 the said water, which belonged of right to the king, through his 
 officers and ministers namely, the mayor and bailiffs of Newcastle, 
 to the great injury of all the king's people, as well in the town of 
 Newcastle as in all parts adjacent. 
 
 1448. 
 
 26 and 27 HENRY VI. 
 Bishop of Durham Robert Neville. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 
 William Harding, Mayor, and John Winton, or Ovington, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff elected at Michaelmas ; 
 
 Mayor John Ward. 
 
 Arms as in 1436. 
 
 Sheriff Robert Baxter. 
 
 Arms : Argent, on a bend azure, three estoiles of six points or, in sinister chief 
 
 a crescent sable. 
 
 [Bourne's Sheriff John Richardson.] 
 
 HE mayor, John Ward, was the founder of the chanty 
 known in after years as Ward's Almshouse. It stood 
 in the Manor Chare, and maintained twelve poor men 
 and as many women. In a deed dated 1475 the 
 building is described as "John Ward's Almshouse, 
 standing in Cowgate, nigh the Friars Augustine, lately edified and
 
 FIFTEENTH CENTURY. 319 
 
 builded by the said John Ward." Its fate is recorded by Bourne from 
 the Milbank MSS. as follows: "The chief almshouse in the town is 
 Ward's, near the Manors ; the mills at Pandon-gate should give them, 
 as I remember, 2Os. per annum to buy them coals ; but old Mr. 
 Brandling pulled off the lead, on purpose to expel the poor people, 
 which he did. The mills are now fallen into one Homers's hand, and 
 so is lost for ever. I have seen the writings, and know it." 
 
 King Henry came to Durham on a pilgrimage to the tomb of St. 
 Cuthbert, and stayed with the bishop from the 26th to the 3Oth 
 September. On the 29th of that month, Michaelmas day, it being 
 Sunday, the king attended divine service twice. A letter written by 
 His Majesty from Lincoln, i8th October, shows that he was pleased with 
 his reception : " Blessed be our Lord God, we have been right merry 
 in our pilgrimage. . . The church of the province of York and 
 diocese of Durham be as noble in doing of divine service, in multitude 
 of ministers, and in sumptuous and glorious buildings, as any in our 
 realm. . . . Also they [the people] have done unto us all great 
 hertly reverence and worship as ever we had, with all great humility 
 and meekness, with all celestial blessed and honourable speech and 
 blessing as it can be thought or imagined, and all good and better 
 than we had ever in our life." 
 
 July 27. 
 
 The king issues letters patent, reciting that, on the 4th May, in his 
 twentieth regnal year, he had appointed John Lematon to be clerk of 
 operations at the castles of Berwick and Roxburgh, receiving I2d. per 
 day while he is engaged at those castles, and 2s. a-day when he is 
 travelling about the business of his office. Certain competent sums 
 are to be provided for the repair of those castles and the town of 
 Berwick, and the king grants Lematon 4OO/. a-year for that purpose, 
 to continue until they are duly and reasonably repaired, " as upon the 
 inquiry and evidence of twelve free and lawful men of the county of 
 Northumberland by their oaths legally taken, and before us in 
 chancery, shall be returned." The 400!. is to be contributed annually 
 by Newcastle, London, and Hull, from the customs and subsidies of 
 those ports ; namely, ioo/. each from Newcastle and London, and 
 2OO/. from Hull. 
 
 October 7. 
 
 The bishop of Durham, by deed of this date, appropriated the 
 chapel of St. Edmund, at Gateshead, to the nuns of St. Bartholomew 
 in Newcastle. The document states that the bishop had received 
 a petition from the nuns, stating that, whilst the nunnery had been at 
 first sufficiently endowed, yet now, by fire and other misfortunes, and
 
 320 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 by the non-payment of 10 marks by the church of Wessington 
 (through inability), which payment had afterwards been transferred to 
 the church of Ryton, but had been the source of disputes between the 
 curate of that church and the nuns, the latter were unable to support 
 their house. Wherefore the bishop joins, annexes, incorporates, and 
 appropriates the chapel of St. Edmund to the . nunnery under the 
 following conditions : The annual payment from Ryton is to cease ; 
 the nuns are to find two chaplains of good life and honest conversation 
 to perform the divine office in the chapel, and pray for the souls of 
 the founders, and to keep the chapel and other buildings in repair, at 
 their own (the nuns') expense; the bishop reserves to himself and 
 his successors, out of the revenues of the chapel, an annual pension of 
 6s. 8d., and to the prior and chapter of Durham an annual pension of 
 33. 4d. Under date the 2Oth of the same month, Margaret [Hawkes- 
 well], prioress of the nunnery and the sisterhood, signed a bond for 
 payment of these pensions yearly at the feast of the nativity of St. 
 John the Baptist, agreeing that if payment be not made within a 
 month after that festival, it shall be lawful for the authorities at 
 Durham to distrain upon the lands and tenements of the chapel, etc. 
 In the following year William Hilderskelfe, master of St. Edmund's 
 Hospital, confirms the grant, on condition that the nuns provide a 
 chaplain for the hospital and another for the church of St. Bartholo- 
 mew, either at his death or upon his promotion to any benefice of the 
 clear value of io/. per annum, and upon payment to him (Hilderskelfe) 
 of 10 marks yearly, until he shall have been so promoted. The Pope, 
 by a bull dated i6th November 1458, sanctions the gift, threatening 
 those that should presumptuously infringe it with the indignation of 
 Almighty God and the blessed Apostles Peter and Paul. 
 
 November 7. 
 
 Writ from the king to the sheriff of Newcastle, ordering him 
 to make public proclamation of a truce with Spain, and that any 
 of his lieges who have suffered loss from any Spaniard, and desire 
 restitution, may attend before commissioners appointed to sit in 
 London on the 2d December for the reception of evidence of such loss. 
 
 This year was proved at York the will of Robert Strangeways, 
 who bequeathed all his lands and tenements in Newcastle, etc., 
 to Christopher Boynton, during the minority of Joan Dolphanby. 
 Testator was master-forester under Cardinal Langley, and chamber- 
 lain to Bishop Neville. On the death of Robert Dolphanby of 
 Gateshead, in 1438 or 1439, his only child, Joan, then under two 
 years old, became the ward of Strangeways. She afterwards married 
 Conan Barton, as before related.
 
 FIFTEENTH CENTURY. 321 
 
 I449- 
 
 27 and 28 HENRY VI. 
 
 Bishop of Durham Robert Neville. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff of Newcastle till Micltaelmas : 
 
 John Ward, Mayor, and Robert Baxter, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff elected at Michaelmas : 
 
 Mayor William Harding. 
 
 Arms as in 1441. 
 
 Sheriff John Richardson. 
 
 Arms : Sable, on a chief argent, three lions' heads erased of the field, 
 in fess point a crescent of the second. 
 
 [Bourne's Sheriff Allan Bird.] 
 
 The Brockett MS. in the castle cites a deed in St. Andrew's vestry, 
 dated 2Oth July 1450, in which the accuracy of the Carr list is con- 
 firmed namely, William Harding, mayor ; John Richardson, sheriff. 
 
 ARLIAMENT met on I2th February the members 
 returned by Newcastle being 
 
 William Harding and John Dalton. 
 It met again in November, when 
 Robert Heworth and Robert Baxter 
 
 were elected. Petitions respecting the staple of wool, etc., were as 
 usual presented, and it was ordered that no license should be granted 
 to carry wools, fells, or tin to any place out of the kingdom other than 
 Calais; thus again revoking the liberty granted in 1397, 1426, and 
 1443 to the men of Newcastle to transport their wools to other ports. 
 In one of the petitions mention is made of "your letters patent, 
 bearing date the I3th February, the 26th year of your reign, made to 
 William Neville, the Lord Falconberg, of iooo/. to be paid to him 
 yearly in the time of peace, and 2OOO/. to be paid to him yearly in 
 the time of war between England and Scotland, of all manner of 
 customs and subsidies growing and coming in your ports of Kingston- 
 upon-Hull, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, and Boston, for the keeping and 
 safeguard of the castle of Roxburgh." 
 
 About this time, Margaret Baker and Isabella Fery, labourers of
 
 322 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 Newcastle, stole certain goods and chattels belonging to Humphrey 
 Hedley, and were convicted and sentenced to be hung. Some private 
 influence was brought to bear upon the bishop of Durham, appar- 
 ently that of Humphrey Dacre, and both women were pardoned. 
 
 In the twelfth of Bishop Neville, William Neville, Lord of Falcon- 
 berg, and Christopher Boynton appointed Richard Raket their 
 attorney in a suit aginst Robert Helton of Gateshead, gentleman, 
 for forcible entry into and wrongful possession of messuages in Gates- 
 head, late belonging to Robert Dolphanby, and in the bishop's hands 
 as escheat. 
 
 1450. 
 
 28 and 29 HENRY VI. 
 
 Bishop of Durham Robert Neville. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 
 William Harding, Mayor, and John Richardson, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff elected at Michaelmas: 
 Mayor John Ward. 
 
 Arms as in 1436. 
 
 Sheriff Alan Bird. 
 
 Arms : Argent, three demi-birds azure, rising from wreaths or and gules, 
 in fess a crescent sable. 
 
 [Bourne's Sheriff George Carr.] 
 
 EMBERS of parliament for Newcastle, elected soth 
 September 
 
 John Ward and Richard Weldon, the younger. 
 
 November 20. 
 
 On this date at Westminster, before Peter Ardern, Chief Baron of 
 the Exchequer, appeared John Ward, John Penrith, and John 
 Richardson, junior, merchant denizens, and presented a petition 
 setting forth that on the 8th of March 1446, a ship of Robert 
 Whitehead's, called the Peter of Newcastle, loaded in the port of
 
 FIFTEENTH CENTURY. 323 
 
 Newcastle certain merchandise for various merchants, the king's liege 
 men born, as follows : 
 
 William Boyd, . . i quarter of wool in a poke, and 200 wool-fells. 
 
 John Bird, . . . Half-a-sack and 2 nailes of wool in a poke, and 
 
 200 fells, containing i % sack. 
 
 Hugh Hall, . . .1 sack and 8 nailes wool in a poke, and 135 fells. 
 
 Thomas Hudson, . . 360 fells. 
 
 Robert Forster, . .120 fells. 
 
 John Richardson . . i sack 8 nailes wool and 180 fells. 
 
 Alan Bird, . . .3 sacks 4 nailes wool and 120 fells. 
 
 John Glanton, . . i sack 2 nailes wool. 
 
 John Penrith, . . i sack 8 nailes wool. 
 
 Nicholas Hayning, . 2# sacks 8 nailes wool and 80 fells. 
 
 Thomas Wark, . . iX sacks 12 nailes wool. 
 
 Alan Milne, . . . 2j sacks 3 nailes wool and 80 fells. 
 
 John Ward, . . . i X sacks wool. 
 
 William Roddam, . . i sack 2 nailes wool. 
 
 Thomas Pykedun, . #" sack wool. 
 
 Thomas Cuthbert, . i sack 2 nailes wool and 60 fells. 
 
 Thomas Headlam, . % sack 4 nailes wool. 
 
 for the which wool and wool-fell so shipped the said merchants had 
 paid to the king, by the hands of Roland Tempest and Simon 
 Weldon, customers [collectors] of the custom and subsidy in New- 
 castle, all his subsidy. And whereas, on the 2ist April 1449, in a ship 
 called Mariknighty of Dans, whereof Clays Mulner was master, other 
 wool and wool-fells were shipped in Newcastle by William Horsley, 
 John Penrith, William Laws, junior, John Chambers, John Cuthbert, 
 Thomas Dolphanby, William Rose, Robert Baxter, John Bird, 
 Nicholas Hayning, William Boyd, Richard Stevenson, Thomas 
 Bee, Alan Bird, Alan Carr, Alan Milne, Thomas Durham, John 
 Richardson, junior, Thomas Smith, William Haldmarket and John 
 Acorn, for the which they had paid the king's subsidy to Roland 
 Tempest and John Trollop, the customers at Newcastle. And after 
 the going out of the Peter, viz., upon the Palm Sunday following, in 
 her passage towards Brigges, upon the coast of Flanders, by horrible 
 tempests and great storms of the sea, the said ship was drowned, 
 perished, and lost, without covin or fraud, and without any recovery of 
 the merchandise or any parcel therof,as it is openly known ; and after the 
 going out of the Mariknight viz., on Thursday before Whitsuntide fol- 
 lowing the aforesaid 2ist of April, in her passage towards Middleburgh 
 in Zeland, that ship, by the king's enemies of Depe [Dieppe ?], was 
 taken and lost, etc., etc. The petition then recites the exception 
 quoted in this volume from the rolls of parliament, under date 1445, 
 and prays that, according to the tenor thereof, proof of loss may be
 
 324 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 certified to the treasurer of England and the chief baron of the 
 exchequer, and that the chancellor make and deliver to the merchants 
 as many warrants of their losses as may be necessary, so that they 
 may each export a similar quantity of wool, etc., without paying 
 subsidy. Copies of the manifests of both ships were presented to the 
 court, certified by the customers above-named ; the oaths of Ward, 
 Penrith, and Richardson, and of William Bertram, Esquire, " a trust- 
 worthy man," were duly taken as to the truth of the allegations made 
 in the petition ; and it was ordered by the court that justice should be 
 done as required. 
 
 Brand quotes from Tanner's Bibliotheque a statement that about 
 this time Edward Dynley, born of a good family in Newcastle, and a 
 learned writer, flourished in the house of the Carmelites, or White 
 Friars, overlooking the Close. 
 
 THE WHITE FRIAR TOWER.
 
 SIXTH DECADE 1451-14.60. 
 
 1451. 
 
 29 and 30 HENRY VI. 
 
 Bishop of Durham Robert Neville. 
 
 Mayor and Slieriff of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 
 John Ward, Mayor, and Alan Bird, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff elected at Michaelmas : 
 
 Mayor Robert Baxter. 
 
 Arms as in 1448. 
 
 Sheriff Alan Carr. 
 
 Arms : Argent, between three Cornish choughs sable, beaked and legged gules, a 
 bend of the second charged with three lions' heads erased or. 
 
 Bourne prints the sheriff's name as " George " Carr ; but the 
 accuracy of the Carr MS. is attested both as to the person of the 
 sheriff and his Christian name by a deed in All Saints' vestry, dated 
 3ist May 1452, quoted by Brand, wherein " Robert Baxter" occurs as 
 mayor, and " Alan Carr " as sheriff. 
 
 [Bourne's Sheriff John Baxter.] 
 
 ENEWED hostilities having arisen on the borders, 
 leading to a severe battle in 1448, a meeting x>f 
 commissioners from both kingdoms was held in 
 Newcastle this year for the purpose of arranging 
 another treaty of peace. Safe-conduct was 
 granted to the representatives of Scotland on 
 the 1 7th April, to come to Newcastle with a 
 hundred men, horses, goods, etc.; and on the 
 I4th of August, "in the vestry, within the church of St. Nicholas, and 
 
 22
 
 326 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 situate near the choir of the same church, on the south side," the com' 
 missioners put their seals to a treaty, by which it was agreed that a 
 truce, certain and undoubted, should be observed for three years 
 namely, to the setting of the sun on the I5th August. A protest was 
 entered by the English commissioners on behalf of king Henry's 
 claim to the homage of Scotland in the following terms : " I, Richard 
 Andrew [doctor of laws], in the name, and at the express and special 
 commandment of my lords, Robert, the bishop of Durham, the full 
 noble lord, Richard, my lord Earl of Salisbury, the reverend father, 
 Nicholas, bishop of Carlisle, Henry, Lord Poyning, Thomas, Lord 
 Clifford, William Lucy, James Strangways, knights, Master Robert 
 Dobbs, doctor of canon, here present, and mine, commissioners to the 
 most Christian and most excellent prince, Henry, king of England 
 and France, and lord of Ireland, our all sovereign lord ; and also all 
 other that will be to me adherent in this party : Before you, reverend 
 fathers Thomas, bishop of Withern, called of Galway, Andrew, the 
 abbot of Melrose, Andrew, Lord Grey, Master John Methven, 
 Alexander Hume, knight, and Alexander Napitt, Esquire ; ambassa- 
 dors and commissioners unto the right high and mighty prince James, 
 king of Scots : By way of solemn protestation (which I will betake in 
 manner and form most available in the law), say, open and declare, 
 that it is not our all sovereign lord, nor my said lords or masters, nor 
 mine, nor none of our intents, nor shall be at any time hereafter, by 
 anything said, declared, or done, or to be declared, etc., during this 
 present convention, to touch or attain anything that might in anywise 
 sound to the hurt or prejudice of title, right, or claim that our sovereign 
 lord hath, oweth, or pretendeth to have unto the sovereignty, pre- 
 eminence, resort, or direct domyne of and in the realm of Scotland, 
 homage, or fealty due, to be made unto his highness, by the king of 
 Scots, or any manner of person of the same, etc., etc." 
 
 March 12. 
 
 The ordinary of the Incorporated Company of Slaters bears this 
 date. It enjoins the brethren to go together in livery yearly, 
 at the feast of Corpus Christi, and play their play at their own 
 expense ; each brother to be at the procession when his hour was 
 assigned to him, under pain of forfeiting a pound of wax. No 
 apprentice to serve less than seven years, nor a second to be taken 
 till the first has served six years. No brother to take a Scot as 
 apprentice, on pain of forfeiting 403. If any brother take a slate 
 quarry, or any places to cover with slates, none should undermine 
 him, under a penalty of 135. 46, No brother to work upon St. 
 Catherine's day, on pain of forfeiting a pound of wax.
 
 FIFTEENTH CENTURY. 327 
 
 March 16. 
 
 Writ from the king to the mayor of Newcastle. A diet is to be held 
 at Utrecht in May, for the reparation of attempts against the ancient 
 league and friendship between England and the people of Prussia and 
 The Hanse; and the mayor is commanded to proclaim for three 
 consecutive days that none of the king's subjects are to impede, per- 
 turb, vex, or injure any person of Prussia or The Hanse, either in body 
 or goods, under pain of forfeiture and imprisonment during the king's 
 pleasure. All those who pretend that they have received injury, 
 damage, etc., from persons of The Hanse or Prussia, may personally or 
 by sufficient procurators appear at the diet with their claims engrossed 
 in the Latin tongue, in due form under seal, specifying the damages 
 and injuries they have sustained, by whom made or perpetrated, in 
 what place, order, year, and manner occurring, and to what sum 
 amounting. The mayor is to certify under his seal, distinctly and 
 openly, without delay, to the king's chancery, that he has duly made 
 the proclamation, and return the writ. 
 
 In the fourteenth year of his pontificate Bishop Neville licensed 
 Geoffrey Middleton, sheriff of Durham, to obtain sea-coal at a place 
 near Gateshead called Camerdykes, and to carry or send away the 
 same for the term of ten years. 
 
 Prices of provisions, etc., for the latter half of the fifteenth 
 century : 
 
 1451 Wheat, 8s.; oats, los. io^d. ; beans, 35. 4d., a-quarter; 
 ale, i *4d. a-gallon. 
 
 1453 Wheat, 53. 4d. a-quarter; ale, i^d. a-gallon; fourscore 
 white herrings, is. 
 
 1459 Wheat, 53.; oats, 8s. rod. a-quarter; ale, id. a-gallon; 
 ninety-two white herrings, is. 
 
 1463 Wheat, 2s. ; barley is. lod. ; oats, is. 2d. ; peas, 35. 4d. 
 a-quarter in London. Wheat, is. 8d. ; barley, is.; oats, is.; malt, 
 is. 8d. a-quarter in Norfolk. 
 
 1486 Wheat very dear 243. a-quarter. 
 
 1491 Wheat, 145. 8d. a-quarter. 
 
 1494 Wheat, 45. ; and in 1495, 3s. 4d. a-quarter. 
 
 1497 Wheat, 2os. ; oats, 2s. a-quarter. 
 
 1499 Wheat, 45. a-quarter. A tun of Gascoign wine, 405. 
 
 Wages remained about the same as in 1446. (See page 233.)
 
 328 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 1452. 
 
 30 and 31 HENRY VI. 
 
 Bishop of Durham Robert Neville. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff of Newcastle till Michaelmas: 
 
 Robert Baxter, Mayor, and Alan Carr, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff elected at Michaelmas : 
 
 Mayor William Harding. 
 
 Arms as in 1441. 
 
 Sheriff John Baxter. 
 
 Arms : Argent, on a bend azure, three estoiles of six points or, in sinister chief 
 
 a mullet sable. 
 
 [Bourne's Sheriff John Penrith.] 
 
 March 8. 
 
 HE king renewed the license, so often granted and with- 
 drawn, permitting the merchants of Newcastle to 
 transport their wools to other ports beside Calais. 
 In the Harleian MSS. the original warrant from the 
 king to the keeper of the privy seal, directing him 
 to issue letters patent to the merchants, is preserved. It runs as 
 follows : " Right trusty and well-beloved. We let you know that we 
 have well understood, by a supplication presented unto us on the 
 behalf of the mayor and burgesses, merchants of our town of New- 
 castle-on-Tyne, that whereas the wools, hides, and wool-fells growing 
 in our counties of Northumberland, Westmorland, and Cumberland, 
 and in the bishopric of Durham, where no staples were, might not 
 bear the charges and cost of our staple of Calais, and that we here- 
 tofore, by our letters patent, have licensed the said mayor and 
 burgesses that they and their predecessors should buy and sell the 
 said wools, etc., and them to ship within our port of our said town, 
 and from thence them to carry and lead unto Bruges in Flanders, and 
 unto the town of Middleburg in Zeland, paying there for the customs, 
 etc., as in our said letters patent it may appear more at large. It is 
 so that our said letters patent, so made unto them by force of an act 
 made in our parliament, etc. (Feb. 12, 1449), were revoked and annulled 
 unto the perpetual hurt of the said mayor and burgesses, merchants, 
 and of all other our liege people of the said counties and bishopric
 
 FIFTEENTH CENTURY. 329 
 
 that were accustomed for to buy and sell the said wools, etc., and to 
 have their sustentation by the same. Wherefore we, considering as 
 well the premises, as the great and manifold charges that the afore- 
 said mayor and burgesses sustain and bear daily and yearly in their 
 farm paying unto us, and for the defence of our said town against the 
 Scots, and divers other great cost and charges impoverishing them full 
 grievously, as we be informed, so that without some relief be showed 
 unto them in this behalf, many of them shall be compelled of very 
 necessity to void out of our said town, and like to be within short time 
 final destruction and desolation of the same our town, which God 
 defend, have of our grace especial granted unto the aforesaid mayor 
 and burgesses, merchants of our said town of Newcastle, license that 
 they and their successors, during the term of three years now next 
 coming, shall more freely and unpunished in the port of our said town, 
 by them and by their servants buy [and ship] shorling lamb-skins and 
 calf-skins, growing of the said counties and bishopric, and then so 
 bought and shipped to do, carry, and lead into the said towns of Bruges 
 and Middleburg, and to either of them at their election, without any 
 impeachment, impediment, perturbation, contradiction, hurt, or grief 
 of us our heirs or successors, customers, comptrollers, searchers, or any 
 other our officers or ministers whatsoever they be, paying unto us in 
 our said port, for the said shorling lamb-skins and calf-skins, the sub- 
 sidy called pondage that is to say, I2d. of the for all manner of the 
 subsidies, customs, and duties unto us in that behalf belonging." 
 
 March 28. 
 
 The king to the mayor and bailiffs of Newcastle and seven other 
 ports : " Forasmuch as we from time to time, as well by letters as by 
 credible informations and daily reports, be warned and ascertained 
 that our adversary of France is fully appointed and disposed to come 
 in his own person into our marche of Calais, with all the haste, speed, 
 and diligence possible unto him, to the intent of getting by means of 
 siege our town of Calais, etc. We purposing, with the grace of our 
 Lord, and with the help and assistance of you and of other our true 
 subjects, to withstand and let our said adversaries' malicious purpose 
 without delay or tarrying, write unto you, exhorting, and also 
 heartily praying and requiring you, that ye, in furthering of our said 
 Godly purpose, as ye love the worship and the welfare of us and 
 this our land, these our letters seen, do all the diligence possible unto 
 you to ordain as many ships and vessels that belong to our port of 
 Newcastle as ye shall move to come to our port of Sandwich, without 
 delay or tarrying, etc., there to assemble with great and notable 
 number of carrakes, and also of other ships of this our land ; the which
 
 330 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 we have ordained to intend upon the passage of our own person into 
 our realm of France, as soon as it shall please God that we shall be 
 ready thereto, etc." 
 
 July 25. 
 
 The king writes to Lord Falconberg : " It hath been reported 
 unto us and our council how, that as touching the 1000 marks which, in 
 part payment of iooo/. yearly assigned to you for the keeping of our 
 castle of Roxburgh, ye should yearly take of the customs and profits 
 coming in and upon our port of Newcastle, it was now late accorded 
 and agreed betwixt our right trusty, etc., the Earl of Salisbury, and 
 you . . . that ye should receive and take yearly in our said port two 
 parts of the said customs and profits, and our said cousin of Salisbury, 
 for such duty as belongeth unto him, the third part, unto the time ye 
 were contented of the said iooo marks, to the which accord our said 
 treasurer of England hath agreed him ; and how it be that hereupon 
 our letters patent in due form be made and ensealed ; yet, neverthe- 
 less, the most reverend father in God, John, cardinal and archbishop of 
 Canterbury, our Chancellor of England, deferreth to make deliver- 
 ance of them unto the time that he be certified from yourself of 
 the said agreement Wherefore we write unto you at this time, 
 exhorting that with all diligence and speed possible, ye by writing 
 let our said Chancellor have knowledge of your intent in this 
 behalf, considering that the sooner the said letters be put to execution 
 the rather the effect of the conclusion desired thereby shall ensue." 
 
 September 24. 
 
 By indenture bearing this date, William Strother, son and heir of 
 William Strother, late of Wallington, Northumberland, Esquire, grants 
 to Alexander Cok, clerk, vicar of the church of Newcastle, William 
 Harding, Esquire, John Martin, clerk, Robert Barker, clerk, and 
 others, the manor of Ufferton with its appurtenances, and all his 
 other lands in the county of Durham, to hold of the chief lord of the 
 fee, with warranty ; appointing John Turpin of Newcastle, and 
 William Virly of Ufferton, his attorneys, to give possession. 
 Witnesses John Middleton, William Swinburn, knight, Robert 
 Raymes, Thomas Weldon, Richard Weldon, William Shafto, John 
 Harle, and others.
 
 FIFTEENTH CENTURY. 33I 
 
 M53. 
 
 31 and 32 HENRY VI. 
 Bishop of Durham Robert Neville. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 
 William Harding, Mayor,. and John Baxter, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff elected at Michaelmas :-^~ 
 
 Mayor John Carliol. 
 
 Arms : Argent, on a cross sable a mullet of six points of the field. 
 
 Sheriff John Penrith. 
 
 Arms : Argent, three chevronels braced in the base of the escutcheon gules, on a 
 chief of the same a lion passant in fess point a crescent azure. 
 
 [Bourne's Sheriff Nicholas Wetwang.] 
 
 ARLIAMENT was summoned to meet at Reading on 
 the 6th March, and 
 
 William Harding and Robert Heworth 
 
 were elected members for Newcastle. This parliament 
 granted the king 20,000 archers, but his majesty accepted only 13,000, 
 of which number the proportion to be provided by Newcastle was 53, 
 and by the bishopric of Durham 300. The levying of these men was 
 postponed for two years, unless they should, upon great and evident 
 cause, be sooner required, when three months' notice was to be given. 
 In the same parliament a petition was presented, which set forth that 
 the wardens of the marches adjoining Scotland used to attach men by 
 their bodies in the shires of Northumberland, Cumberland, and 
 Westmorland, and in the town of Newcastle, and in no other places, 
 to answer to indictments taken in the wardens' courts for attempts 
 supposed to be done against the truce within the said shires and town, 
 which, by cause that they stood chargeable to the said wardens, and 
 under their correction and obeisance, among other causes were always 
 discharged of payment of taxes and tenths ; " and now of late time the 
 ministers and officers of the said courts, sometime for their singular 
 lucre, and sometime for malice that they have borne to certain 
 persons, have attached, and take upon them daily to attach, divers and 
 many well ruled persons by their bodies, as well in Yorkshire as in 
 other places out of any of the said shires of Northumberland, Cumber- 
 land, Westmorland, or town of the New Castle, bearing them upon
 
 332 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 hand that they were indicted in the warden court, and some of the 
 same persons have put to great fine and ransom upon such indictment, 
 and other some of them in sore prison by long time have without bail 
 or main prise kept, to the full great hurt, oppression, and importable 
 charge to many of your true and well ruled liege people dwelling out 
 of any of the said shires and town, etc." Wherefore the petitioners 
 prayed the king and parliament to ordain that any person so attached 
 outside of the said shires and town of Newcastle might resist and have 
 an action for trespass or false imprisonment, and recover treble 
 damage; and if in any action the decision was for the plaintiff, the 
 defendant might be imprisoned for two years, and pay to the crown 
 loos. The prayer of this petition was granted. 
 
 February II. 
 
 William Neville, Lord Falconberg, and Ralph Gray, knight, who 
 had been appointed keepers of Roxburgh Castle for twelve years, 
 receiving 2ooo/. per annum in time of war, and iooo/. per annum in 
 time of peace, received under this date a grant from the king (as and 
 from the 3d of July 1452, for twelve years) of all manner of customs 
 and subsidies, as well of wools and wool-fells as of other goods, in the 
 port of Newcastle. On the same date a mandate from the king is 
 directed to the collectors in Newcastle to pay the customs, etc., to 
 Falconberg and Gray from quarter to quarter. 
 
 May 27. 
 
 The truce between the two nations which was arranged in St. 
 Nicholas' Church, Newcastle, on the I4th August 1451, was this day, 
 at Westminster, extended till 2ist May 1457. 
 
 August 27. 
 
 Brand quotes a deed bearing this date to show that Lord Scrope 
 had a house in Pilgrim Street. It relates to property which is 
 described as lying next the tenement of Lord Scrope on the north, 
 and extending in length from the street called Pilgrim Street on the 
 eastern part to the rivulet called Lort Burn on the west. (See 1391 
 and 1455.)
 
 FIFTEENTH CENTURY. 333 
 
 I454- 
 
 32 and 33 HENRY VI. 
 
 Bishop of Durham Robert Neville. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff of Newcastle till Michaelmas: 
 
 John Carliol, Mayor, and John Penrith, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff elected at Michaelmas ; 
 
 Mayor John Richardson. 
 
 Arms as in 1449, but the crescent or. 
 
 Sheriff Nicholas Wetwang. 
 [The Carr MS. spells it " Wet wood."] 
 
 Arms : argent, a fess nebulas and three mullets in chief azure, on the fess a 
 
 crescent or. 
 
 [Bourne's Sheriff William Roddam.] 
 
 HE parliament which met at Reading in the previous 
 year was adjourned, and met at Westminster on the 
 I4th February. On the i6th April a levy was ordered 
 " for the payment of wages of certain lords, and other 
 people that with them shall be accompanied, for the 
 keeping of the sea." The amount levied upon Newcastle was 2O/., to 
 be repaid out of the first money arising from the subsidy of 35. on the 
 ton, and I2d. in the value of merchandise of the staple, " going out 
 of the port of Newcastle, and coming into the same by way of 
 merchandise, by the hands of the collectors of the said subsidy." In 
 the same session there was another petition about the staple of 
 Calais, wherein it was alleged that " by divers and many licenses 
 given by your letters patent, of shipping of wools and wool-fells, and 
 also by colour of shipping of wools and wool-fells in your name, to 
 pass to other places than to the said staple," the revenue at Calais was 
 impaired and the town placed in jeopardy ; for which reason the king 
 was entreated to ordain that " no manner of person for you, nor in 
 your name, nor by any manner of license by you granted or to be 
 granted, nor by any other means do ship, lead, or carry any wool or 
 wool-fells out of this your noble realm of England to any other place 
 than to the said staple of Calais," under penalty of forfeiting fourfold 
 their value. The petition asks also that exception may be made in
 
 334 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 favour of the inhabitants of Northumberland, Cumberland, and 
 Westmorland, and the bishopric of Durham, between the waters of 
 Tees and Tweed, who may accept the king's license to ship in the 
 port of Newcastle, " and in no other port or place, the wools and 
 wool-fells of the growing of the said shires and bishopric, etc., and the 
 same wools and wool-fells so shipped to carry and lead into any place 
 or places out of this realm, at their freedom and liberty, by force 
 of such license, paying the customs, subsidies, and other duties thereof 
 due, according to your laws," without risk of forfeiture. Further, the 
 king is requested to ordain that if any person carry these articles out 
 of any shires or places of the realm " other than of the growing 
 between the said waters of Tees and Tweed, to pass to Newcastle- 
 upon-Tyne aforesaid, for to be shipped and pass at their liberty and 
 freedom as is above rehearsed, that then it be lawful to every person 
 and persons, being your liegemen, to seize all such wools and 
 wool-fells, and keep them to their proper use after such seizure." 
 The answer to this petition was, that the king would advise himself 
 the usual polite method of expressing a refusal. 
 
 November 12. 
 
 Date of the ordinary of the Incorporated Company of Bricklayers 
 and Plasterers. The brethren are to meet yearly at the feast of 
 Corpus Christi, to go together in procession, as other crafts did, and 
 play at their own charge " The Creation of Adam " and " The Flying 
 of our Lady into Egypt." After the plays the wardens were to be 
 chosen by the common assent of the fellowship ; each man of the 
 craft to be at the procession when his hour was assigned to him. No 
 apprentice to be taken, nor any set to work within the town or without, 
 but such as be the king's liegeman, on pain of 2od. one-half thereof 
 to go to the fellowship and the other half to Tyne Bridge. No 
 Englishman, not being a freeman, to work in the town, on pain of 
 forfeiting a pound of wax. If any free brother or his wife die, all the 
 lights of the fellowship are to be borne before them according to the 
 custom of the fellowship. 
 
 According to Brand, a royal commission was issued this year, 
 directed to the mayor of Newcastle and others, for the conservatorship 
 of the river Tyne from Spar Hawk to Hedwin Streams, which was 
 granted by the king to the town of Newcastle.
 
 FIFTEENTH CENTURY. 335 
 
 1455- 
 
 33 and 34 HENRY VI. 
 
 Bishop of Durham Robert Neville. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 
 John Richardson, Mayor, and Nicholas Wetwang, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff elected at Michaelmas ; 
 
 Mayor John Richardson. 
 
 Arms as in 1454. 
 
 Sheriff William Roddam. 
 
 Arms : Gules, on a bend ermine three pierced cinque foils sable, in sinister chief a 
 
 crescent azure. 
 
 [Bourne's Sheriff Thomas Cuthbert] 
 
 EMBERS of parliament elected 2d July for the town of 
 Newcastle 
 
 Alan Bird and John Penrith. 
 
 This year commenced the war of the Roses the 
 thirty years' struggle between the rival houses of York and Lancaster. 
 On the 22d or 23d May the first great battle between the rival 
 factions was fought at St. Albans, where the Yorkists were victorious, 
 and the second Earl of Northumberland, Hotspur's son, was slain, 
 fighting for the king and the House of Lancaster. 
 
 November 15. 
 
 Died, Sir John Scrope of Masham, knight (lord of Felton and 
 Morpeth, 1405), seised of the manors of Whalton and Newham, twenty- 
 four acres of land in Killingworth, the advowson of a chantry at Long 
 Benton, and one house in Pilgrim Street, and one in Bere Street, 
 Newcastle. His elder brother, Henry, married as his second wife the 
 Lady Joan, Duchess of York, and was lord treasurer to Henry V., in 
 whose bed-room he usually lay ; but, says Hodgson, became one of the 
 conspirators who struck the first spark which kindled the furious fire 
 that blazed so long a time in the houses of York and Lancaster. He 
 was executed $th August 1415, when he forfeited the manor of 
 Whalton, then valued at ten marks, and the manor and vill of 
 Newham, valued at six marks per annum.
 
 336 
 
 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 1456. 
 
 34 and 35 HENRY VL 
 
 Bishop of Durham Robert Neville. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 
 John Richardson, Mayor, and William Roddam, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff elected at Michaelmas ; 
 
 Mayor John Richardson. 
 
 Arms as in 1449 the crescent, as there, being argent, and not, as in 145^, or. 
 
 Sheriff Thomas Cuthbert. 
 
 Arms : argent, a covered cup gules, within an orle of eight torteau:;. 
 [Bourne's Sheriff John Nixon.] 
 
 OGER THORNTON, probably the son of the founder, 
 granted to the mayor and community of Newcastle 
 the use of the hall and kitchen of Thornton's Hospital, 
 on the Sandhill, for young couples, when they were 
 married, to have their wedding dinner in, and receive 
 the offerings and gifts of their friends ; " for at that time," adds the 
 Milbank MS., from which Brand quotes the foregoing, " houses were 
 not large." Brand adds that this was an ancient custom, used, it 
 should seem, for the encouragement of matrimony, and cites an 
 authority for a similar privilege existing formerly in the Highlands 
 and North of Scotland. 
 
 The great dynastic struggle for the crown that broke out into 
 open warfare in the previous year produced exciting events in the 
 south of England, but north of the Humber the year was not 
 characterised by any notable incident.
 
 FIFTEENTH CENTURY. 337 
 
 I457- 
 
 35 and 36 HENRY VI. 
 Bishops of Durham Robert Neville and Laurence Booth. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 
 John Richardson, Mayor, and Thomas Cuthbert, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff elected at Michaelmas : 
 
 Mayor John Richardson. 
 
 Arms as in 1449 an< l 
 Sheriff John Nixon. 
 
 Arms : Argent, between two X's (probably sable), a saltire gules, charged with a 
 
 mullet of the field. 
 
 [Bourne's Sheriff Richard Stevenson.] 
 
 ISHOP NEVILLE died in July, after a peaceful reign 
 of nineteen years. He requested with his dying 
 breath to be buried in the Galilee, near the tomb 
 of the Venerable Bede, but his executors directed 
 his burial among his ancestors in the south aisle. 
 By his mother, Joan of Lancaster, sister of Henry IV., he was nearly 
 related to the reigning sovereign ; and his family claimed alliance 
 with all the ancient nobility and gentry of the north. His life 
 appears to have passed in dignified retirement and tranquillity ; the 
 only public business in which he occurs being the negotiation of 
 truces with Scotland transactions which frequently took place at 
 Durham. He built the Exchequer, on the Palace Green, where the 
 Neville's arms and crest still remain above the doorway. Laurence 
 Booth, chaplain to the queen, and dean of St. Paul's, was appointed 
 his successor by papal bull dated the 1 5th September. 
 
 May 3. 
 
 Proved at York the will of Thomas Fulthorp, knight (one of the 
 justices of the Court of Common Pleas, son of Sir William Fulthorp 
 of Tunstall, Durham), bequeathing to the Mendicant Friars in 
 Newcastle the sum of 6s. 8d. 
 
 June n. 
 
 The truce with Scotland, arranged at Newcastle I4th August 
 1451, and prolonged at Westminster in 1453, was this day extended 
 at Coventry to the 6th July 1459, on land, and to the 28th July in 
 that year on the seas.
 
 338 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 1458. 
 
 36 and 37 HENRY VI. 
 
 Bishop of Durham Laurence Booth. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 
 John Richardson, Mayor, and John Nixon, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff elected at Michaelmas : 
 
 Mayor John Penrith. 
 
 Arms as in 1453. 
 
 Sheriff Richard Stevenson. 
 
 Arms : Argent, on a bend gules, three martlets or, in sinister chief, a cross 
 
 crosslet sable. 
 
 [Bourne's Sheriff Henry Fowler.] 
 
 A deed mentioned by Brand, dated 3d September 1459, contains 
 the names of John Penrith as mayor, and " Richard Stevynson " as 
 sheriff, and affords another proof of the accuracy of the Carr MS. 
 
 Nov&inber 16. 
 
 ONFIRMATION by pope Pius of the grant of St. 
 Edmund's Hospital, Gateshead, to the nuns of St. 
 Bartholomew in Newcastle, made by the bishop of 
 Durham in 1448. (See the proceedings at length 
 under date 7th October 1448.) 
 
 Writ of fi,-fa. issued against John Brown of Gateshead, "brasyn- 
 potter," and Robert Robson of the same place, at the suit of Nicholas 
 Holme and Robert Sothern, chaplain. 
 
 The rival houses of York and Lancaster came to an understanding 
 towards the close of the year, and the struggle, in which Newcastle 
 and Northumberland were to bear their share, was postponed. A 
 commission was issued to Henry, Earl of Northumberland, the prior 
 of Tynemouth, Ralph Percy, Ralph Gray, and Robert Ogle, knights, 
 William Bertram, Roger Thornton, Robert Mitford, Robert Rhodes, 
 John Hauboth, and John Cartington, to raise archers in Northumber- 
 land.
 
 FIFTEENTH CENTURY. 339 
 
 1459- 
 
 37 and 38 HENRY VI. 
 Bishop of Durham Laurence Booth. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 John Penrith, Mayor, and Richard Stevenson, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff elected at Micliaelmas : 
 
 Mayor John Richardson. 
 
 Arms as in 1456. 
 
 Sheriff Henry Fowler. 
 [The Carr MS. spells the name " Fwiler."] 
 
 Arms : Argent, a falcon's head erased between three mullets gules, in chief 
 
 a crescent sable. 
 
 [Bourne's Sheriff Richard Stevenson.] 
 
 ARLIAMENT was called together in November at 
 Coventry. The burgesses of Newcastle elected 
 
 John Richardson, the Mayor, and John Penrith, 
 the Ex-Mayor. 
 
 In July commissioners were appointed by the kings of England 
 and Scotland to meet at Newcastle, in order to treat of mutual redress 
 of wrongs committed against the truce ; and on the I2th of Sep- 
 tember, in St. Nicholas' Church, they arranged a prolongation of the 
 truce till July 1468. Among the English commissioners were the 
 bishop of Durham, keeper of the privy seal, Viscount Beaumont, great 
 chamberlain, Richard Andrew, dean of York, and John Lilliford, dean 
 of Auckland. The king confirmed the articles on the 2Oth February 
 1460. 
 
 March 6. 
 
 Date of the ordinary of the Incorporated Company of Saddlers. 
 It enjoins the brethren to go together in procession, in a livery, 
 at the feast of Corpus Christi, and play their own play at their 
 own expense ; each brother to be in his place at the procession 
 at the hour assigned, under penalty of 4od. No Scotsman born to 
 be taken as apprentice, or suffered to work in the town, under a penalty 
 of 2os., and no apprentice to be taken under a term of seven years, on 
 pain of 6s. 8d.
 
 340 NE WCASTLE AND GA TESHEAD. 
 
 October 6. 
 
 Indenture made between Constance, " that was the wife of John 
 Mitford, late of Mitford," and John Mitford his son and heir, that 
 Constance shall have for her dower the third part of all the lands and 
 tenements that were the said John's in Mitford, Newcastle, and else- 
 where. The property in Newcastle is a tenement " wherein John 
 Sanderson now dwells," and the widow's share of it IDS. 
 
 October 18. 
 
 Proved at York the will of Agnes Bedford of Hull, widow. She 
 had been successively wife of John Strother, and of Richard Dalton, 
 who were probably merchants in Newcastle, and was left for the third 
 time a widow in 1450 by John Bedford, a wealthy merchant of Hull. 
 She leaves Nicholas Wetwang [sheriff of Newcastle in 1454 and 1462] 
 a gold broche and pawtener, and his wife a gold ring ; to Agnes 
 Rhodes [second wife of Robert Rhodes] a zone or girdle, embroidered 
 in silver gilt ; to Adomar Heryng [M.P. for Newcastle, 1425] 26s. 8d. 
 and one pair linen cloths sewed with white silk ; to the poor of New- 
 castle 3/. 6s. 8d.; the obits of her husbands, John Strother and 
 Richard Dalton, to be annually celebrated by the Friars Minor in 
 Newcastle ; to John Dalton, her son, for the sustentation of the 
 same, 8s., to be paid at St. Nicholas' stile in Newcastle, as he may 
 provide ; to Thomas Heryng, father of Adomar, 26s. 8d., etc. 
 
 November 20. 
 
 Writ from the king stating that 4OOO/. is due to William Neville, 
 Lord Falconberg, and Ralph Gray, knight, as keepers of Roxburgh 
 Castle (see nth February 1453), and directing that towards Ralph 
 Gray's share 1337. 6s. 8d. should be paid from the customs of 
 Newcastle. 
 
 Died this year, James Kighley of Calais, merchant, appointing his 
 "brother," Sir Richard Kighley, vicar of Mitford, and Alan Bird of 
 Newcastle formerly sheriff and afterwards mayor his executors.
 
 FIFTEENTH CENTURY, 34I 
 
 1460. 
 
 38 and 39 HENRY VI. 
 Bishop of Durham Laurence Booth. 
 
 Mayor and Slieriff of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 
 John Richardson, Mayor, and Henry Fowler, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff elected at Michaelmas ; 
 
 Mayor Robert Baxter. 
 
 Arms as in 1448. 
 
 Sheriff William Roddam. 
 
 Arms as in 1455, but the difference is a mullet or. 
 
 [Bourne's Mayor is "John" Baxter, and Brand copies it. Their 
 Sheriff is Nicholas Hayning.j 
 
 1ARLIAMENT met at Westminster in October, but the 
 names of those who represented Newcastle have not 
 been found. 
 
 June 2. 
 
 Safe-conduct granted to the bishops of Glasgow and 
 Aberdeen, three abbots, and others, to come from Scotland to New- 
 castle, Durham, or York, in order to treat of matters relating to the 
 preservation of the truce, and the redress of wrongs committed in 
 breach of it by the subjects of either nation. But the arrival of Earl 
 Warwick from Calais, and the struggle which followed, resulting in the 
 capture of King Henry at Northampton in July, and the flight of the 
 queen and Prince of Wales to the north, prevented the congress from 
 taking place. The Duke of York laid claim to the crown at the 
 parliament which met in October, and it was arranged that Henry 
 should occupy the throne for the rest of his life, and the duke be 
 protector of the kingdom. The queen and her son refused to accept 
 this compromise, and in a battle near Wakefield on the 3Oth 
 December, between the rival houses, the Duke of York was slain. 
 During these troubles the Scots broke the truce and captured 
 Roxburgh Castle, where the king of Scotland was killed by the 
 bursting of a piece of artillery. The Duke of York was succeeded by 
 his son, aged eighteen, and the king of Scotland by his son, a boy of 
 seven years, who was crowned at Kelso. 
 
 23
 
 342 
 
 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 July 10. 
 
 John Richardson, the mayor, and the community of Newcastle 
 demise to John Ward a certain parcel of waste land within the walls 
 near the gate called Pandon Gate, containing seventeen ells in length, 
 from the wall towards the south, and fourteen ells and a half in width. 
 They grant also to the said John Ward a certain other parcel of waste 
 land, of the trenches called the King's Dykes, outside the wall, and 
 land within the wall to the extent of forty-two ells in length, from the 
 aforesaid gate and along the wall, and in width the same as the King's 
 Dykes, to hold, etc., for the building and constructing upon the said 
 parcel of land, within the wall, a certain water corn-mill, and upon the 
 said parcel of land, outside the wall, a dam for the mill, etc. An ell 
 was fixed by Henry I. at forty-five inches. 
 
 December 28. 
 
 The Incorporated Company of Slaters in Newcastle made an order 
 that no brother should take less than 6s. 8d. for handling a rood of 
 slate covering. 
 
 RUINS OF CORNER TOWER.
 
 SE VENTH DECADE 1461-1470. 
 
 1461. 
 
 39 HENRY VI. i EDWARD IV. 
 
 Bishop of Durham Laurence Booth. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff of Newcastle till MicJiaelmas : 
 
 Robert Baxter, Mayor, and William Roddam, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff elected at MicJiaelmas : 
 Mayor John Richardson. 
 
 Arms as in 1456. 
 
 Sheriff Nicholas Hayning-. 
 
 Arms : Azure, a horse's head erased argent, charged with a crescent gules, 
 on a chief of the second three mullets sable. 
 
 [Bourne's Sheriff Nicholas Wetwang.] 
 
 ARLIAMENT was ordered to assemble at West- 
 minster this year, but the returns are not 
 forthcoming. 
 
 King Henry VI. was deposed by the young 
 Duke of York on the 4th March, and the latter 
 ascended the throne as Edward IV. On the 
 2Qth of the same month the decisive battle of 
 Towton brought the house of Lancaster to the 
 ground. Henry and his queen, who waited the result of the struggle 
 at York, fled to Newcastle, and afterwards to Berwick, accompanied
 
 344 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 by the prince, the Duke of Somerset, Duke of Exeter, Lord Roos, Sir 
 John Fortescue, chief justice, and Sir William Tailbois. Edward IV. 
 followed them as far as Newcastle, and then returned to the south, 
 leaving the Earl of Warwick in charge of the marches on the Borders. 
 At Towton fell the third Earl of Northumberland, John Carliol, and 
 many of the northern chivalry. James Boteler, Earl of Wiltshire and 
 Ormond, was taken prisoner, and brought to Newcastle to the king, 
 " and there his head was smote off, and sent unto London to be set 
 upon London Bridge." Surtees, in vol. iii., page 254, of the History of 
 Durham, states that Sir William Tailbois also was captured and 
 beheaded in Newcastle, but other authorities fix his execution after the 
 battle of Hexham, three years later. It was a time of terror and con- 
 fusion, and the good men of Newcastle, with Lancastrians marching 
 out and Yorkists marching in, and men of high rank losing their heads 
 on the Sandhill, must have been sorely perplexed as to which of the 
 two roses they should wear. 
 
 April 29. 
 
 Robert Rhodes petitions the bishop of Durham for absolution in 
 the following quaint epistle : " Be it to remember, that I, Robert 
 Rhodes, sat at the castle, in the New Castle upon Tyne, in the county 
 of Northumberland, by force of a writ of diem dausit extremum after 
 the death of the Earl of W T arwick, and there took an inquisition of the 
 castle of Barnard Castle, in the bishopric of Durham, and informed 
 them that were sworn in the said inquisition that the said castle of 
 Barnard Castle was in the county of Northumberland, wherein I hurt 
 the liberty and title of the church of St. Cuthbert of Durham, which 
 me sore repenteth. Wherefore I beseech my lord of Durham, of his 
 grace and absolution at the reverence of Jesus. Written of mine own 
 hand at Durham, the 2pth day of April, the year of the reign of king 
 Edward IV. the first." Brand and Hutchinson, quoting Randall's 
 MSS., date this letter the 3Oth April. Mr. Longstaffe, in notes to the 
 Life of Ambrose Barnes, corrects the date to the 29th. 
 
 June 24. 
 
 Date of the will of John Ward, late mayor of Newcastle, and 
 founder of the almshouse which bore his name, by which, among other 
 things, he left lands in trust to find a priest to sing divine service in 
 All Saints' church for his soul and that of Margaret his wife, their 
 ancestors and benefactors, at the altar of St. Loy, paying the priest a 
 yearly fee of eight marks.
 
 FIFTEENTH CENTURY. 345 
 
 1462. 
 
 i and 2 EDWARD IV. 
 Bishop of Durham Laurence Booth. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 John Richardson, Mayor, and Nicholas Hayning, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff elected at Michaelmas : 
 
 Mayor Alan Bird. 
 
 Arms as in 1450. 
 
 Sheriff Nicholas Wetwang. 
 
 Arms : Gules, between three lions' gambs erect erased a chevron argent, charged 
 with a crescent sable, on a chief of the last three escutcheons of the second. 
 An entirely different coat from that of Nicholas Wetwang, the sheriff in 
 
 1454-55- 
 
 [Bourne's Sheriff Henry Foster.] 
 
 HE military events of the year, so far as they concern 
 Newcastle, arc confusing for the historians of the 
 period vary in dates and details. One intelligible state- 
 ment is that Margaret of Anjou, the restless queen of 
 the deposed monarch, finding her intrigues in Scotland 
 weakened by the promises and the money of Edward, went over to 
 France, and obtaining from the French king some money and men, 
 landed at Tynemouth in October with the intention of coming to 
 Newcastle. But the good men of Newcastle had declared for Edward, 
 and the queen re-embarked, and went further north. She effected a 
 landing at Bamborough, and being joined by some English exiles and 
 Scotch followers, succeeded in obtaining possession of that fortress, and 
 of Dunstanborough and Alnwick. Some accounts state that Edward 
 came north to direct the siege of these places, in which case he would 
 pass through Newcastle, but there is no certain evidence of his coming 
 further than Durham, whence, on 3ist December, after the reduction 
 of Dunstanborough and Bamborough by the Earl of Warwick, he 
 wrote to the archbishop of York respecting the siege of Alnwick, 
 where the Lancastrians and their French allies were making a 
 stubborn resistance : " For so much as we have been certainly assured 
 that our enemies of Scotland in as great numbers as they can 
 assemble, as well of the clergy as of the temporality of that land, be 
 fully determined to enter our land on Monday next, coming to the
 
 346 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 intent, not only to rescue our enemies of France, closed within our 
 castle of Alnwick, but to give us battle, which with God's grace we be 
 concluded to resist . . . we therefore pray, and also charge you with 
 all diligence possible, ye give straight warning and charge to all the 
 clergy generally of your province, that they be with us in defensible 
 array upon the Newcastle moor on Tuesday next, coming to assist us 
 in battle the morn next after in the said defence, coming yourself with 
 them ; not failing thereof, as ye desire to stand in the favour of our 
 good grace, and upon the duty of your faith and allegiance to us." 
 
 December 7. 
 
 King Edward, being dissatisfied with the proceedings of the bishop 
 of Durham in espousing the cause of Queen Margaret, previous to the 
 battle of Towton, seized the temporalities of the see, and held them 
 till April 1464. Guardians were appointed, with power to select 
 proper officers to manage the estates of the bishopric. In Randall's 
 MSS., quoted by Hutchinson, is a writ from the king, dated at 
 Durham, 2d January 1463, to Stephen Preston, John Stirgeon, and 
 another, authorising them to have " the keeping and governance of 
 the coals " that belong to the see, and to " sell the said coals to any 
 person or persons that will buy them," such buyers to be held harm- 
 less from the interposition of the bishop or his adherents. 
 
 1463- 
 
 2 and 3 EDWARD IV. 
 
 Bishop of Durham Laurence Booth. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 
 Alan Bird, Mayor, and Nicholas Wetwang, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff elected at Michaelmas : 
 
 Mayor Alan Bird. 
 
 Arms as in 1450. 
 
 Sheriff Henry Fowler. 
 
 Arms as in 1459. 
 
 [Bourne's Sheriff William Blaxton.] 
 
 'ARLIAMENT was summoned to meet this year, but no 
 returns of its members have been preserved. 
 
 King Edward having taken Alnwick early in 
 January, gave it to Sir John Ashley, which gift 
 converted Sir Ralph Grey from a violent Yorkist to 
 a violent Lancastrian ; for he had expected to receive Alnwick for his
 
 FIFTEENTH CENTURY. 347 
 
 support of Edward's claims to the crown. Queen Margaret sailed again 
 to France for assistance, which was denied her, and she remained for 
 some time with her father in Lorraine. In the autumn Sir Richard or 
 Ralph Percy raised the Lancastrian banner once more in Northumber- 
 land, and contrived to bring the deposed monarch Henry from Wales, 
 to give the sanction of his presence to the insurrection. Success for a 
 time crowned the enterprise. Percy and his followers recaptured the 
 three castles of Bamborough, Dunstanborough, and Alnwick, and king 
 Henry's flag waved once more from those formidable strongholds. 
 Edward and his army marched northwards, and when the year was 
 closing in, the relative positions of the contending forces were as 
 described in the following letter : 
 
 " To my right worshipful brother John Paston, the elder, son of 
 John Paston, Esquire, be this delivered in haste. Right worshipful 
 brother, I recommend me to you. Please it you to wit [know] that as 
 this day we had tidings here that the Scots will come into England 
 within eight days after the writing of this letter, for to rescue these 
 three castles Alnwick, Dunstanborough, and Bamborough which 
 castles were besieged as on yesterday, and at the siege of Alnwick 
 lieth my Lord of Kent and the Lord Scales, and at Dunstanborgugh 
 castle lieth the Lord Montague and Lord Ogle, and other divers lords 
 and gentlemen that I know not, and there is to them out of Newcastle 
 ordnance, I know, both for the sieges and for the field, in case that 
 there be any field taken, as I trow there shall none be, not yet, for the 
 Scots keep no promises. My Lord of Warwick lieth at the castle of 
 Warkworth, but three mile out of Alnwick, and he rideth daily to all 
 these castles for to oversee the sieges, and if they want victuals or any 
 other thing he is ready for to purvey it for them to his power. The 
 king commanded my Lord of Norfolk for to conduct victuals and the 
 ordnance out of Newcastle on to Warkworth Castle, to my Lord of 
 Warwick ; and so my Lord of Norfolk commanded Sir John Howard, 
 Sir William Peche, Sir Robert Chamberlain, Ralph Assheton, and me, 
 Calthorp, and George, and others, for to go forth with the victuals and 
 ordnance on to my Lord of Warwick ; and so we were with my Lord 
 of Warwick with the ordnance and victuals yesterday. The king lieth 
 at Durham, and my Lord of Norfolk at Newcastle. We have people 
 I know here, etc. Written at Newcastle on Saturday next after the 
 Conception of our Lady [loth December 1463]. Yours, JOHN 
 PASTON the youngest." 
 
 March 19. 
 
 Date of a charter of definition and confirmation of the liberties of 
 Tynemouth, which contains the following principal clauses : " And 
 whereas a certain statute of the Lord Edward, etc., in parliament at
 
 348 NEWCASTLE AND GATESH^AD. 
 
 York, in the ninth year of his reign, was published that all natives and 
 aliens, and all other persons of what state and condition soever, 
 who wish to sell any merchandise at any town, borough, fair, market, 
 etc. may be able to sell the same without impediment, etc. And 
 whereas the said abbot, prior, etc., have made supplication to us, 
 showing that in their lands near the water of Tyne, towards the north, 
 they have coal and white salt, which are a great part of the commodi- 
 ties and profits of their said church of Tynemouth, and which they 
 might be able to sell to others freely, etc., but that the men of the town 
 of Newcastle-upon -Tyne, for their own profit, impede the merchants who 
 come with ships laden with various merchandise, victuals, and other 
 things for sale within the said water, so that the said merchants cannot 
 sell their goods to the said abbot, etc., or unload their ships, and 
 impose upon the said merchants, if they should do so, heavy fines, etc. ; 
 and that if the said merchants buy any coal, salt, or other goods of the 
 said abbot, etc., and load the said ships, then the men of Newcastle in 
 like manner compel them to pay heavy fines, and the said men, etc., 
 do not suffer the said abbot, etc., to load or unload their own ships 
 with coal, salt, or other goods, and to send them out to other parts of 
 the kingdom for their own advantage, etc. We, on account of the 
 reverence and affection which we entertain for the glorious king and 
 martyr Oswyn, etc., grant and confirm to the abbot, prior, etc., that 
 they, by themselves or their servants, may buy all kinds of victuals, 
 goods, etc., as well for their own use as for the preservation of the 
 castle and priory of Tynemouth, in any manner they like, in the port 
 and water of Tyne, at all times of the year for ever, as well by their 
 own ships and barges as by hired ships, and by all other ships, etc., 
 and to unload and load again, etc., all the said ships with salt, coal, 
 and all other commodities, to the said prior and convent belonging. 
 And that the merchants who buy such coal, etc., may carry the same 
 wherever they like, without any impediment or imposition by the men 
 of Newcastle or any other men, notwithstanding any charter of liberty, 
 etc., that may be set up. So, nevertheless, that no person may carry 
 any wool, etc., or any other merchandise that pays custom, etc., except 
 to those vills and towns which are ordained by us. And also the said 
 abbot, prior, etc., and their tenants, etc., may bake bread for sale, and 
 brew ale and beer there, according to the assize of our realm of 
 England, and may sell salt and fresh fish, taken in the sea or in the 
 water of Tyne, and other victuals, to the mariners and sailors who 
 come thither with ships, and to all other persons whatsoever ; and the 
 ships and barges of their tenants they may unload of fish and those 
 provisions at that place, without paying anything to us, etc., and 
 without any molestation from ourself, our justices, etc."
 
 FIFTEENTH CENTURY. 349 
 
 August 8. 
 
 The prior of Durham announces to John Neville, Lord Montague, 
 that he has sent him a clock. " Please it you to know that I sende 
 unto you a clocke, as ye willed me to do, unto ye at Newcastill, by a 
 good man callid John Stele," who " hath made grete labur, this week 
 passid, to sett ye said clocke in rule for yor singuler pleasir." This is 
 the first mention which occurs of a clock in connection with New- 
 castle. It was sent by prior Burnaby to John Neville, son of Richard, 
 Earl of Salisbury, and brother of Richard, Earl of Warwick, who was 
 himself created Earl of Northumberland in 1465 ; but the title was 
 brought into Chancery, and cancelled in 1469 ; and in 1470 he was 
 created Marquis of Montague or Montacute. In the following year he 
 was at the battle of Barnet, fought between his brother, the Earl of 
 Warwick, and Edward IV. The king was victorious, and the two 
 brothers were slain. The donor of the clock was anxious to conciliate 
 the receiver. " I undrestonde," said he, " yat Umfray Nevill pre- 
 tendith querells against me. What he will do or say I wott noght. 
 Neverthelesse, when I may come unto your presence, I shall opyn my 
 hert unto yor lordshipp." Sir Humphrey, one of the bailiffs of 
 Hexham, was a turbulent agitator, a captain of freebooters, and a 
 conspicuous figure of the times. He " hath been a cummerouse man 
 to me and my brothir," says the poor prior ; " and if he came agayn 
 to our contry to have liberty and rule, as he hade afore, I drede that 
 I and my brothir shall nost rejoyce oure goodis in pease. I trespast 
 never to him, as I will make goode. I beseche you to see for sich a 
 remedy that he do us no harme." [J. C] 
 
 When the third Earl of Northumberland fell at the battle of 
 Towton, the forfeited estates of the family were distributed among the 
 adherents of the house of York. Among other recipients of the 
 new monarch's favour were the mayor and burgesses of Newcastle, 
 who in this year obtained a grant from the crown of the manor of 
 Byker. The heir of the earl, who was not of age when his father was 
 slain, was kept in the Tower of London till the 27th October 1469, 
 when his father's attainder was reversed, and he was restored to the 
 honours and estates of his ancestors, including Byker Manor. (Sec 
 1469.) 
 
 fe 
 
 '2*22
 
 350 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 1464. 
 
 3 and 4 EDWARD IV. 
 Bishop of Durham Laurence Booth. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 
 Alan Bird, Mayor, and Henry Fowler, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff elected at Michaelmas ; 
 
 Mayor John Nixon. 
 
 Arms as in 1457. 
 
 Sheriff William Blaxton. 
 
 Arms : Argent, two bars and in chief three cocks' gules, on the upper bar 
 a crescent of the field. 
 
 [Bourne's Sheriff Nicholas Hayning.] 
 
 ARLIAMENT met by adjournment this year, and the 
 endless subject of the exportation of wool was again 
 discussed. The Commons petitioned the king to 
 ordain and establish that no person after the feast 
 of St. John the Baptist [24th June] ship any wools, 
 wool-fells, shorlyng [shearling], or morlyng [wool of a dead sheep], of 
 the growing within any of the shires of Northumberland, Cumberland, 
 Westmorland, or within the bishopric of Durham, between the said 
 waters of Tyne and Tees, or within the shires called Richmond- 
 shire and Allertonshire, but only at the town of Newcastle, upon pain 
 of forfeiting the same, one half to the king and the other half to any 
 liege inhabitant of Newcastle that should seize it, to be applied to the 
 use and profit of the town. The king's reply was favourable, and the 
 monopoly was established. Later in the session it was represented 
 " that divers persons, by themselves and their factors and servants, 
 buy and gather wool and wool-fell, as well morlyng as shorlyng, of 
 the growing of the shires of York, Lincoln, and Nottingham, and 
 them carry to the port and town of Newcastle, and there the same 
 wool and wool-fell as wool and wool-fell of the growing of the 
 country between the waters of Tweed and Tees, and of Northumber- 
 land, Cumberland, Westmorland, Richmondshire, Northallertonshire, 
 and the bishopric of Durham, and by colour thereof, ship and cause to 
 be shipped and carried to places beyond the sea, other than to the 
 staple of Calais." Order was made that the practice be discontinued, 
 and that only wool, etc., grown between Tees and Tweed be exported 
 other than to Calais, under pain of forfeiting double the value. All
 
 FIFTEENTH CENTURY. 351 
 
 other wools to remain within the realm to make cloth ; all clothiers to 
 make a broad cloth no shorter than twenty-four yards in length and 
 two full yards in breadth ; no yeoman or person under that degree to 
 wear in their array for their bodies any bolsters of wool, cotton, or 
 other stuff, or in their doublet anything save lining equal to the out- 
 side ; no person to wear gown, jacket, or cloak, but of such length as 
 should cover the wearer's buttocks, etc. ; and no man to wear shoes or 
 boots having peaks passing two inches in length, or shoemakers to 
 make them above that size. (See 1469.) 
 
 April 15. 
 
 By authority of parliament the king sends special license to the 
 bishop of Durham, that for the three years next following he should 
 be excused from attending parliament or the king's council, in order 
 that, it is to be presumed, he might devote himself to necessary and 
 useful business in connection with his temporalities, which, two days 
 afterwards, were restored to him. 
 
 April 25. 
 
 Battle of Hedgeley Moor. The military events of the winter 
 and spring are quaintly described in Gregory's Chronicle, a MS. 
 published in 1876 by the Camden Society, and supposed to have been 
 written by William Gregory, who was mayor of London in 1451-52. 
 Gregory gives some details of the treachery of the Duke of Somerset, 
 which had not been previously published. After describing how the 
 king took him into confidence " insomuch that he lodged with the 
 king in his own bed many nights " and how in the summer of 1463, 
 when the men of Northampton were indignant at the favour shown 
 him, the king sent him away for safety, and allowed his men [the 
 duke's] to garrison Newcastle for the king, Gregory proceeds to 
 expose the duke's ingratitude in secretly coming out of Wales to 
 seize the town of Newcastle for Henry VI. : " About Christmas [1463] 
 that false Duke of Somerset, without any leave of the king, stole out 
 of Wales, with a ' prevy mayny ' towards the Newcastle, for he and his 
 men were confederate for to have betrayed the said Newcastle. And 
 in the way thitherward he was espied, and like to have been taken 
 beside Durham in his bed. Notwithstanding, he escaped away in his 
 shirt and barefoot, and two of his men were taken. And they took 
 with them that false duke's casquet and his harness. And when that 
 his men knew that he was escaped, and his false treason espied, his 
 men stole from the Newcastle as very false traitors, and some of them 
 were taken and lost their heads for their labour, etc. And then the 
 king, our sovereign lord Edward IV., had knowledge of his false 
 disposition of this false Duke Harry of Somerset. The king sent a
 
 352 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 great fellowship of his household men to keep the town of Newcastle, 
 and made the Lord Scrope of Bolton captain of the town ; and so they 
 kept it surely all that winter. And about Easter next after the Scots 
 sued unto our sovereign lord the king for peace. And the king 
 ordained commissioners to meet with the Scots, etc., at York. And 
 then was my lord of Montague assigned to fetch in the Scots peace- 
 ably, for he was Warden of the marches. And then my lord of 
 Montague took his journey toward the Newcastle. And by the way 
 it was full falsely provided by that false duke, Harry of Somerset and 
 Percy, with their fellowship associate unto them, that there was laid 
 by the way, a little from the Newcastle, in a wood, that false traitor, 
 Sir Humphrey Neville, with fourscore spears, and the bows there too. 
 And they should have fallen on the Lord Montague suddenly and 
 slain him suddenly, but, God be thanked, their false treason was 
 espied and known. And then the Lord Montague took another way, 
 and made to be gathered a great fellowship, and went to the New- 
 castle, and so took his journey unto Norham ward. And in the way 
 thitherward there met with him that false Duke of Somerset, Sir 
 Ralph Percy, the Lord Hungerford, and the Lord Ros, with all their 
 company, to the number of 5000 men-of-arms. And this meeting 
 [battle of Hedgeley Moor] was upon St. Mark's Day. . . . And there 
 was concluded a peace for fifteen years with the Scots. And the 
 Scots be true, that must needs continue so long ; but it is hard for 
 to trust unto them, for they be ever found full of guile and deceit." 
 
 May . 
 
 Battle of Hexham, and defeat of the Lancastrians by the Yorkists, 
 between Dukesfield and the Linnels, on the south side of the Devils- 
 water. The Year Book, 4 Edward IV., states that " about the feast of 
 Pentecost [May 20] next, before the term of Holy Trinity," Henry 
 VI. was in Northumberland with the queen and their son, Prince 
 Edward; and the Lancastrian lords "took their King Henry, with all 
 their power of people, and took their field in Hexhamshire, in a place 
 called Linells, on the water Devylle, against the Lord of Mountegue," 
 brother of the Lord of Warwick, " who joined battle with them, and 
 had the victory of his enemies aforesaid ; and there the Lord of 
 Somerset was taken, and his head cut off at Hexham, and there he 
 lies; and also were taken Lords Ros, Molins, Hungerford, Findern, 
 with many others, knights, esquires, and other men ; and their heads 
 were cut off, of Lords Ros, Molins, Hungerford, Findern, with two 
 others, at Newcastle-upon-Tyne, in a place called Sandhill; and they lie 
 in the Friars Minors and Augustine ; and after the skirmish aforesaid, 
 whether the king Henry was taken or not, there are divers saying of 
 this." " The other lords and knights viz., the Earl of Kime [Kent],
 
 FIFTEENTH CENTURY. 353 
 
 Grey, Nevel, and Richard of Dunstable, with many others, fled out of 
 the same field called Hexamfield ; and the Earl of Kime was taken 
 in Riddesdale long time after, and his head cut off at Newcastle 
 aforesaid, and he lies in the Friars Minors ; and the said Humphrey 
 Nevel remained in the region of Derwent, within the county aforesaid, 
 in tabis, south of the land, for the space of five years ; and then he was 
 taken in Holdernes, and his head cut off at Everwike [York], by the 
 Lord of Warwike, and many others." The castle of " Dunstanbrught " 
 was afterwards taken, " with a man whom they call Goys," and others ; 
 and he was beheaded at York. " Bambrught," too, " the which Sir 
 Ralph Grey kept against the king Edward IV. after Midsomer," 
 was captured ; and Grey was carried to Doncaster, his spurs were 
 hewed from his feet, and his sword and armour were broken, and he 
 was beheaded. " And the cause of this punishment of him in such 
 manner was by cause of his perjury and doubleness which he had done 
 to king Henry the Sixth, sometime king, etc., and also to the king 
 Edward the Fourth, who now is." [J. C.] 
 
 In the Arundel MSS. the executions are recorded as follows : 
 " 1 5th May, beheaded at Hexham the Duke of Somerset, Edmund 
 Fitzhugh, knight, Bradshaw, Walter Hunt, Black Jack or Jaques. 
 1 7th May, at Newcastle, Lords Hungerford, Ross, and Findern, 
 Edward Delamere, and Nicholas Massam. i8th May, at Midelham, 
 Sir Philip Wentworth, William Penington, Ward of Topcliff, Oliver 
 Wentworth, William Spilar, and Thomas Hunt, the footman of king 
 Henry. 25th May, at York, Sir Thomas Hussey, Thomas Gosse, 
 Robert Merfynn, John Butler, Roger Water, janitor of king Henry, 
 Thomas Fenwick, Robert Cockfield, William Bright, William Dawson, 
 John Chapman. 28th May, at York, John Elderbek, Richard 
 Cawerum, John Roselle, and Robert Conqueror." 
 
 Gregorys Chronicle contains the foregoing list, with a few minor 
 deviations, and adds a remarkable statement about the capture of 
 Tailbois : " And beside Newcastle, the same month [May], there 
 was taken Taillbois in a coalpit, and he had much money with him, 
 both gold and silver, that should have gone unto king Harry ; and if 
 [it] had come to Harry, late king of England, it would have caused 
 much sore sorrow, for he had ordained harness and ordnance enow, 
 but the men would not go one foot with him till they had money. 
 And they waited daily and hourly for money that this Taillbois should 
 have sent unto them or brought it the sum was 3000 marks. And 
 the lords mayny of Montague were sore hurt and sick, and many 
 of his men were slain before in the great journeys, but this money 
 was parted among them, and was a very wholesome salve for them. 
 And in the day following Taillbois lost his head at Newcastle."
 
 354 
 
 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 1465. 
 
 4 and 5 EDWARD IV. 
 
 Bishop of Durham Laurence Booth. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 
 John Nixon, Mayor, and William Blaxton, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and SJteriff elected at Michaelmas : 
 
 Mayor Alan Bird. 
 
 Arms as in 1450. 
 
 Sheriff Nicholas Hayning. 
 
 Arms as in 1461. 
 [Bourne's Sheriff William Thompson.] 
 
 FTER the disastrous defeat of the Lancastrians at 
 Hexham another truce was arranged between Eng- 
 land and Scotland, and on the I2th December this 
 year commissioners met at Newcastle to extend it 
 On the part of England came the Archbishop of 
 York, lord chancellor, the Earl of Warwick, Roger Thornton, and 
 others. Friendly intercourse between the two nations was becoming 
 popular ; there had been a talk of cementing it by a royal marriage, 
 and all the circumstances were favourable to a prolonged cessation of 
 hostilities. The commissioners confirmed the truce of the previous 
 year in all its articles ; " and in consideration of the many experienced 
 advantages that had already redounded from it to both nations, and 
 of the prospect of the increase of such advantages from its longer 
 continuance, extended it to forty years beyond the term before fixed 
 for its expiration that is, to the last of October 1519." 
 
 Thomas Stevenson, "walker," and John Cook, mason, both of 
 Gateshead, became bail for William Assheby, of the same place, who 
 was bound by the same deed to keep the peace towards William 
 Lambe and his men.
 
 FIFTEENTH CENTURY. 355 
 
 1466. 
 
 5 and 6 EDWARD IV. 
 
 Bishop of Durham Laurence Booth. 
 
 Mayor and SJieriff of Newcastle till Micliaelmas : 
 
 Alan Bird, Mayor, and Nicholas Hayning, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and SJieriff elected at Michaeltnas : 
 
 Mayor John Nixon. 
 
 Arms as in 1457. 
 
 Sheriff William Thompson. 
 
 Arms : Per fess argent and sable a fess embattled between three falcons close, 
 all counter changed ; in sinister chief an annulet azure. 
 
 [Bourne's Sheriff Robert Chambers.] 
 
 February 20. 
 
 N a deed of this date, relating to a house in the lower 
 portion of Pilgrim Street, there is evidence that the 
 whole of the street from the Manors to Stockbridge 
 was formerly called Cowgate. The property is de- 
 scribed as lying in Pilgrim Street, between the 
 tenement lately belonging to Laurence Acton on the north, and 
 the tenement lately Thomas Clerk's on the south, and extending 
 in length from the king's highway in front to the way formerly called 
 Cowgate, and now called Austin Chare, at the back. 
 
 October 10. 
 
 The Earls of Warwick and Northumberland, Roger Thornton, and 
 ten others, appointed to meet commissioners from the king of Scot- 
 land at Newcastle, on the 5th December, for the purpose of reforming 
 and repairing quarrels, damages, offences, and attempts committed by 
 the subjects of either kingdom, against the form of truce lately 
 concluded between the two nations. 
 
 This year occurs a grant in fee from John Croft, master of St. 
 Thomas' Hospital, to William Hunter, of a messuage and garden near 
 Pandon Gate, extending to the wall of the house of St. Michael of 
 
 Wall Knoll.
 
 356 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 1467- 
 
 6 and 7 EDWARD IV. 
 Bishop of Durham Laurence Booth. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 
 John Nixon, Mayor, and William Thompson, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff elected at Michaelmas : 
 
 Mayor William Blaxton. 
 
 Arms as in 1464. 
 
 Sheriff Robert Chambers. 
 
 Arms : Gules, between three pierced cinquefoils a chevron or, charged with 
 
 a mullet sable. 
 
 [Bourne's Sheriff John Esington.] 
 
 N the parliament which assembled at Westminster in 
 June, Newcastle was represented by 
 
 John Wod [Wood or Ward?] and Richard 
 Weldon. 
 
 February 26. 
 
 The king grants to the town of Newcastle an exemplification and 
 confirmation of their charters and liberties. Under date the twelfth of 
 the month the king certifies that Robert Fulberry, recorder of the town, 
 appeared before him in his chancery, and declared, on his oath, that 
 the letters patent of Henry IV. to the town had been lost, and that if 
 they should hereafter be found he would produce them. On the 
 twenty-sixth His Majesty ratifies and confirms the charters, etc., on 
 an enrolment of the contents " reasonably testified." 
 
 September 12. 
 
 Letters of fraternity granted by the prior and convent of Durham 
 to Dionysia Moody of Gateshead, widow, for her sincerity and affec- 
 tion towards St. Cuthbert, entitling her to be saluted as sister, and to 
 participate in all masses, vigils, fasts, prayers, divine offices, and other 
 works of piety performed by them or their successors during her life- 
 time, and after her death to be the subject of the usual suffrages of 
 prayer for the welfare of her soul in the future state.
 
 FIFTEENTH CENTURY. 
 
 357 
 
 1468. 
 
 7 and 8 EDWARD IV. 
 Bishop of Durham Laurence Booth. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 
 William Blaxton, Mayor, and Robert Chambers, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff elected at Michaelmas : 
 
 Mayor John Nixon. 
 
 Arms as in 1457. 
 
 Sheriff John Esington. 
 
 Arms : Gules, an annulet between three S's or. 
 
 [Bourne's Sheriff John Cook.] 
 February 10. 
 
 RAND quotes under this date a bond by which J. Blen- 
 kinsop of Chester [le Street], yeoman, and William 
 Billy of the same, held themselves bound in 2O/. 
 to the bishop of Durham, the condition being that 
 John Hylton of Gateshead, chaplain, should, without 
 
 fraud, enter his body in Durham gaol, and remain there for io/. 
 
 owing to the bishop for a certain way, held for carrying sea-coals 
 
 from St. Edmund's Hospital in that town to the bishop's staith 
 
 there. 
 
 In the tenth and eleventh years of the episcopate of Bishop 
 Booth general pardons were enrolled at Durham in favour of Thomas 
 Cock, Thomas Lockvvood, merchant, and Richard Lilburn, merchant, 
 all of Newcastle. 
 
 Enrolled at Durham (in the eleventh year of Bishop Booth) 
 recognisance for a license to carry coals from the Hospital of St. 
 Edmund in Gateshead to the bishop's staiths upon the river Tyne, 
 which had been granted to William Blakiston of Newcastle, merchant, 
 and Roland Rungthwaite of Durham, "fleshewer" [butcher], to the 
 bishop.
 
 358 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 1469. 
 
 8 and 9 EDWARD IV. 
 Bishop of Durham Laurence Booth. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 
 John Nixon, Mayor, and John Esington, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and SJteriff elected at Michaelmas : 
 
 Mayor Richard Stevenson. 
 
 Arms as in 1458. 
 
 SheriffJohn Cook. 
 
 Arms : Argent, three bends sable, on the central one in dexter chief a crescent 
 
 of the field. 
 
 [Bourne's Sheriff John Fisher.] 
 
 October 27. 
 
 HE attainder of the Earl of Northumberland was with- 
 drawn, and the heir, Henry Percy, was released from 
 the Tower [see 1463], taking the following oath of 
 allegiance before the king at Westminster: "Sovereign 
 Lord, I, Henry Percy, become your subject and liege- 
 man, and promise to God and you that hereafter I faith and troth 
 shall bear to you as to my sovereign liege lord, and to your heirs, 
 kings of England, of life and limb, and of earthly worship, for to live 
 and die against all earthly people. And to you and to your command- 
 ments I shall be obeisant, as God me help and his holy evangelists." 
 This proceeding is said to have given great satisfaction to the people 
 of Northumberland, amongst whom the Percy family were held in 
 high esteem. 
 
 The gallants of Newcastle, who, in common with the fast youth of 
 London, had adopted, it may be supposed, the new fashion of wearing 
 boots with long-peaked toes, were suddenly checked in their extrava- 
 gances by the reading of a papal bull, in which his holiness, according 
 to Gregory's Chronicle, cursed those cordwainers who made any long 
 peaks passing two inches in length. " And the king granted in a 
 council and in the parliament that it should be put in execution, and 
 this was proclaimed at Paul's Cross. And some men said that they 
 would wear long peaks whether pope will or nil, for they said the 
 pope's curse would not kill a fly. God amend this. And within short
 
 FIFTEENTH CENTURY. 359 
 
 time after some of the cordvvainers got privy seals and protections to 
 make long peaks, and caused the same men of their craft that laboured 
 to the pope for the destruction of long peaks to be troubled, and in 
 great danger." (See 1464.) 
 
 In the rolls of Bishop Booth (twelfth year of his pontificate) is a 
 precept to the officers of the consistorial court at Durham, to assist 
 Joan, wife of John Robinson, of Newcastle, in recovering judgment 
 obtained by her, and expenses incurred in proceedings in the court 
 Christian and Chancery, against William Bird of Newcastle, she being 
 executrix of the will of John Bird, her late husband. (See 7th June 
 I474-) 
 
 1470. 
 
 9 and 10 EDWARD IV. 
 Bishop of Durham Laurence Booth. 
 
 Mayor and SJieriff of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 
 Richard Stevenson, Mayor, and John Cook, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and SJteriff elected at Michaelmas : 
 
 Mayor William Blaxton. 
 
 Arms as in 1464. 
 
 Sheriff John Fisher. 
 
 Arms : Per chevron argent and azure three fish hooks counter changed ; 
 in chief a mullet gules. 
 
 [Bourne's Sheriff Thomas Lock wood.] 
 
 The Brockett MS. quotes a deed of 2Oth May 1471 to which the 
 names of William Blaxton, mayor, and John Fisher, sheriff, are 
 attached another confirmation of the Carr MS. 
 
 The returns to parliament for this year cannot be found. 
 
 'N October king Henry VI. regained possession of 
 the throne, and held it till the battle of Barnet, 
 which was fought on Easter Day, I4th April 1471. 
 The reign of Edward was then resumed, and his regnal 
 years continued to be reckoned from the 4th of March 
 1461, as if no interruption of his authority had occurred. 
 
 In the early part of this year the nuns of St. Bartholomew lease a 
 tenement to Robert Schyplavv Smith : " This present script indented
 
 ;6o 
 
 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 witness, that we, Anne Danby, prioress of the house of Saint Bartholo- 
 mew Apostle, in the town of the Newcastle-on-Tyne, with full 
 assent and will of the sisters of the said house, grants and gives, and 
 by this present our charter indented, to Robert Schyplaw, Smith, of the 
 said Newcastle, a tenement of ours as it lies next the waste of the said 
 nuns, in the holding of Thomas Sandford of the north part, and one 
 tenement of the said nuns in the holding of Thomas Ochar, WefTar 
 [Thomas Usher, weaver?] of the south part, stretch from the street 
 that is called the Notmarket to the convent orchard, a part of the said 
 orchard in the holding of the aforesaid Ochar, to all the bounds that 
 belongs to the said tenement ; to have and to hold the said tenement 
 for six years to the said Robert and his assigns, from Whitsunday 
 next coming, in the year of our Lord God, 1470, for six year then 
 ensuing next after and fully complete ; paying yearly to us, prioress, 
 and our sisters, 8s. of lawful money of England, at two terms in the 
 year at Martinmas and Whitsuntide by even portions, etc." 
 
 PART OK THE BLACK FRIARS' MONASTERY.
 
 EIGHTH DECADE 1471-80. 
 
 I47I- 
 
 10 and ii EDWARD IV. 
 Bishop of Durham Laurence Booth. 
 
 Mayor and S 'Jieriff of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 
 William Blaxton, Mayor, and John Fisher, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff elected at Michaelmas : 
 
 Mayor John Nixon. 
 
 Arms as in 1457. 
 
 Sheriff Thomas Lockwood. 
 
 Arms : Gules, on a bend or, three padlocks azure, in sinister chief a martlet 
 
 argent. 
 
 [Bourne's Sheriff John Cam] 
 
 April 6. 
 
 ATE of a grant from William Blaxton, mayor, 
 and the town of Newcastle, to John Penrith 
 and Peter Bledy, and their heirs for ever, 
 of a close called the Whin Close, as it lies 
 in the Castle Field, in the northern part of the 
 same, at an annual rent of 135. 4d. 
 
 April 27. 
 
 Mandate from king Edward IV. to, amongst others, the sheriff 
 of Newcastle, ordering him to proclaim, throughout the town and 
 suburbs, the king's resumption of the crown, and his denunciation, as 
 traitors, rebels, and enemies, of " Margaret, calling her queen (which
 
 362 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 is a Frenchwoman born, and daughter to him that is extreme 
 adversary and mortal enemy to all this our land and people of the 
 same), her son Edward," the Dukes of Exeter and Somerset, and 
 eighteen others. All persons, upon pain of death and forfeiture of 
 goods, are to refuse to help, assist, favour, or succour the above-named 
 traitors, or any of their adherents, with persons, goods, victuals, word, 
 writing, or otherwise ; and " if they do the contrary, and any incon- 
 venience and effusion of blood ensue thereof, we call Almighty God 
 to record that it shall be against our will and intent, and in their own 
 forwardness, obstinacy, and default, afore Almighty God and the 
 world." 
 
 May i. 
 
 Date of a deed by which certain property in Durham was 
 conveyed to Anne Danby, prioress, and the nuns of the convent 
 of St. Bartholomew in Newcastle. Later on namely, on 9th October, 
 John Hilton, whose indebtedness to the bishop of Durham for 
 wayleave was recorded in 1468, re-leased to the same convent an 
 annuity of 405. out of St. Edmund's Hospital, Gateshead, which 
 annuity had been granted to him by Margaret Mitford, formerly 
 prioress of St. Bartholomew's. 
 
 REPUTED CHAPEL OF ST. JOHN OK JERUSALEM.
 
 FIFTEENTH CENTURY. 363 
 
 1472. 
 
 ii and 12 EDWARD IV. 
 Bishop of Durham Laurence Booth. 
 
 Mayor and Slieriff of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 John Nixon, Mayor, and Thomas Lockwood, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff elected at Michaelmas : 
 
 Mayor William Blaxton. 
 Arms as in 1464. 
 
 Sheriff George Carr. 
 
 ["John " Carr in Bourne's List for 1471, copied by Brand.] 
 
 Arms : Argent, between three Cornish choughs sable, beaked and legged gules, 
 
 a bend of the second charged with three lions' heads erased or. 
 
 [Bourne's Sheriff Thomas Snow.] 
 ARLIAMENT met at Westminster in October. 
 
 William Blaxton, the Mayor, and Robert 
 Folberry [the Recorder?] 
 
 represented Newcastle. 
 Complaints had arisen that the truce with Scotland concluded at 
 Newcastle in 1465 was not faithfully kept, and in September 1471 a 
 meeting of commissioners representing the two nations met at 
 Alnwick for mutual redress of wrongs committed on the Borders. On 
 the 2$th April this year another great congress of plenipotentiaries 
 was held at Newcastle, who agreed that the long truce between the 
 nations should continue in force, and proclamations were issued 
 requiring the strict observance of it. The agreement was concluded 
 and sealed at Newcastle on the ist May, and on the 2 5th the sheriff 
 of Newcastle was ordered to proclaim it in the following terms : 
 " Forasmuch as the truce and abstinence of war beforetime taken 
 between the king our sovereign lord, and his cousin the king of Scots, 
 and either realms, by the ambassadors and commissioners of either 
 party, at the diet now late holden at the town of Newcastle-upon- 
 Tyne, the 25th day of April last past, be prorogued and renewed to be 
 observed and kept after the form and effect of the same. Our said 
 sovereign lord straitly chargeth and commandeth that none of his 
 subjects presume, do hurt, or take, or make any impediment to any of 
 the subjects of his said cousin of Scots, that may be to the breach or 
 violation of the said truce, etc. (especially to the month of July that
 
 3^4 
 
 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 shall be in the year of our lord 1473), upon pain of the laws and 
 statutes thereupon ordained, at which time a new diet to be holden is 
 by the said ambassadors and commissioners appointed." 
 
 September 6. 
 
 Master William Ecopp, rector of the parish church of Heslarton, in 
 Yorkshire, made his will on this day, and it was proved a fortnight 
 afterwards. Among other bequests he provides for a pilgrim 
 or pilgrims to set out, immediately after his interment, upon a 
 pilgrimage to various shrines, amongst them Jesmond, and offer at 
 each shrine the sum of 4d. The list is interesting, as showing the 
 places which, in the opinion of a clergyman of good position, were 
 most worthy to be visited. They are as follows : The crucifix at the 
 north altar of St. Paul, London, St Thomas of Canterbury, Blessed 
 Mary of Wolsingham, St. Ethelred of Ely, Blessed Virgin Mary of 
 Lincoln, Blessed Mary of Doncaster, St. Thomas of Lancaster, St. 
 Saviour of Newburgh, Blessed Mary of Scarborough, St. Botolph of 
 Hackness, the crucifix of Thorp-basset, Blessed Mary of Guisborough, 
 St. John of Beverley, St. John of Bridlington, St. William of York, 
 Blessed Mary of Jesmond, Blessed Mary of Carlisle, and St. Ninian in 
 the church of " Candecasa " in Galloway. 
 
 December 7. 
 
 Elizabeth, widow of William Lumley, knight, of Ravensholme, 
 lately wife of John Carlell, knight, grants to her son, John Carlell, a 
 messuage and land at Pensher, which she holds as her dower of her 
 son's inheritance, and also forty acres in Jesmond field, which she 
 holds for life of the same inheritance. 
 
 In the fifteenth year of his pontificate Bishop Booth appointed 
 James Horner to the office of parker of the park of Gateshead, and 
 gave him the custody of the tower there ; meaning, no doubt, the 
 tower upon the Tyne Bridge.
 
 FIFTEENTH CENTURY. 365 
 
 I473- 
 
 12 and 13 EDWARD IV. 
 
 Bishop of Durham Laurence Booth. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 
 William Blaxton, Mayor, and George Carr, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff elected at Michaelmas : 
 
 Mayor William Blaxton. 
 
 Arms as in 1464. 
 
 Sheriff Thomas Snow. 
 
 Arms : Argent, three torteaux, in fess a mullet azure 
 [Bourne's Sheriff Robert Harding.] 
 
 September 6. 
 
 NQUISITION after the death of Isabel Bitchburn of 
 London, when the jurors found that she died seised of 
 Strother Meadow, Gilforth Place, and eight burgages 
 in the vill of Gateshead, and that Johanna Robson, 
 aged fifty, and John Brown, aged forty, were next- 
 of-kin and co-heirs. 
 
 The commissioners of truce between England and Scotland met at 
 Alnwick in September, and agreed that the treaty of the previous 
 year, made and sealed at Newcastle, should be observed and kept in 
 all form and effect. Meetings for redress were appointed to be held 
 on the Borders, and the number of retainers which the wardens, 
 lieutenants, etc., might bring to such meetings was defined. 
 "As to the complaint given in by the merchants of Newcastle 
 upon David White, the lords [commissioners] think that the said 
 ship was unlawfully taken by him ; and as for redress that the said 
 merchants desire to have of the said ship of Robert Lauder, William 
 Nesbit, and other their accomplices, the lords ordain them to be 
 summoned to the 8th day of January to answer for themselves."
 
 3 66 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 1474- 
 
 13 and 14 EDWARD IV. 
 Bishop of Durham Laurence Booth. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 
 William Blaxton, Mayor, and Thomas Snow, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff elected at Michaelmas : 
 
 Mayor Nicholas Hayning. 
 
 Arms as in 1461. 
 
 Sheriff Robert Harding. 
 
 Arms : Sable, between three keys erect a chevron argent, charged with 
 a mullet of the field. 
 
 [Bourne's Sheriff William Hodgson.] 
 
 The Carr MS. is proved to be correct by a deed in St. Andrew's 
 vestry, dated 8th August 1475, quoted in the Brockett MS., the 
 witnesses being Nicholas Hayning .... Harden, sheriff; William 
 Blaxton, Richard Stevenson, Thomas Lockwood, aldermen. 
 
 ijRAND states that the king this year "appointed, or 
 rather confirmed, a staple for wools in the northern 
 parts of the kingdom at Newcastle-upon-Tyne," and 
 refers to the sixth volume of the rolls of parliament for 
 details. Reference to that volume, however, proves 
 that the exact contrary took place ; that the privilege which Newcastle 
 had at various times enjoyed of shipping wools, etc., to other places 
 besides Calais, was restricted to Middleburgh, and in a later act of the 
 same parliament which Brand overlooked, to Barowe, in Brabant, or 
 one other port to be named by the king. Thus : " The king re- 
 membering whereafore this time in divers statutes, among other things 
 it is ordained and enact, that all manner wool and wool-fell, and fell 
 called shorling and morling, growing within any part of this realm or 
 Wales, except wool, etc., growing in the shires of Westmorland, Cum- 
 berland, and Northumberland, and the bishopric of Durham, and the 
 shires of Richmond and Allerton, and except wool to be shipped 
 westward, etc., shall be conveyed to the staple of Calais, and to no 
 other place, upon pain of forfeiture, etc. Nevertheless, the said statutes 
 and ordinances notwithstanding, great multitude of wool, etc., growing 
 in Yorkswold, and in the shires of Lincoln, Nottingham, and Derby, 
 and in other shires of this realm, under colour of exception afore 
 rehearsed, in the same north parts, have been carried out of this realm
 
 FIFTEENTH CENTURY. 367 
 
 into Flanders, Holland, Zealand, Brabant, and other ports beyond the 
 sea, whereby not only ensueth great decay of the king's custom and 
 subsidy, but also the anientisment [destruction] of the price of the 
 wool, etc., growing within this realm, to the universal hurt and 
 impoverishment of the same. The king's highness will, that it be 
 enact, ordained, and established by the advice and assent of the lords, 
 etc., and the commons in this present parliament assembled, and by 
 authority of the same, that all wool, etc., growing within this realm 
 other than afore except, to be shipped and conveyed out of this realm, 
 be conveyed to the staple of Calais, and to no other place. And that 
 all wool, etc., growing and being within the said shires of Westmor- 
 land, Cumberland, Northumberland, etc., to be carried out of this 
 realm, be shipped at Newcastle-upon-Tyne only, and from thence to 
 be conveyed to Calais, or New Middleburgh, in Flanders, there to be 
 stapled and uttered, and to no other place. . . . This act to begin and 
 to take effect from the feast of St. Michael that shall be in the year of 
 our Lord God 1474, and to endure by the space of five year only." 
 
 April 20. 
 
 Died Robert Rhodes, the reputed originator of the famous steeple of 
 St. Nicholas' Church. Mr. Longstaffe, in the Life of Ambrose Barnes, 
 has epitomised the career of this eminent Newcastle worthy in some- 
 thing like chronological sequence. He was the son of John and 
 Isabel Rhodes, and his father, or brother John, was mayor in 1429, 1430, 
 and 1431. Robert did not fill the municipal chair, but represented the 
 town in the parliaments that met in 1427, 1429, 1431, 1432, 1433, 
 1435, 1437, and 1442, being elected, in all, eight times. Before 1st 
 September 1435 he had married Joan, daughter and heiress of Walter 
 Hawyck, of Little Eden. In 1437, when he conveyed a house in 
 Gateshead to William Abletson, he is styled as of Newcastle, where 
 he partly resided, in the parish of All Saints. Two years afterwards he 
 lent to the convent of Durham 4O/., and in 1444 that body issued letters 
 of fraternity to " Robert Rhodes, Esquire, and learned in the law." 
 In 1440 he was comptroller of customs for the king in the port of New- 
 castle. The year 1447 saw him seneschal of the prior of Durham, and 
 presenting to St. Cuthbert's shrine a handsome cross of gold, contain- 
 ing portions of the pillar to which Christ was bound, and of the rock 
 in which his grave was hewn. At Durham his residence was in the 
 South Bailey, close to the water gate, which, in 1449, he was allowed 
 by Bishop Neville to annex to his mansion, and to open and shut at 
 pleasure. His wife Joan having died childless, he married, before 
 1459, a lady of some social position, whose maiden name has not been 
 discovered. She first occurs in the will of Agnes Bedford [i459]. who
 
 368 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 bequeaths to Agnes Rhodes a green girdle, silver and silver gilt ; and 
 about the same time the chantry of the two John's in St. Nicholas 
 occurs as founded by " Robert Roodes and Agnes his wife." While 
 Rhodes was steward at Durham, the central tower of the cathedral 
 was erected, and Sir Gilbert Scott considered that there were clear 
 indications of the commencement of a crown or lantern such as that of 
 St. Nicholas. " Though this magnificent conception failed, the 
 kindred though lesser one for Newcastle succeeded. A little worse 
 for smoke and substitutions there it stands, a joy, and aloft in the 
 groining of the coeval tower which supports it we read Orate pro 
 anima Roberti Rodes." The same prayer occurs at St. John's, and 
 did occur in All Saints'. The font of St. Nicholas, which bears his 
 arms on all its sides except two, dates probably after his death. No 
 will of Robert Rhodes has been found, and of the disposition of his 
 property, excepting that which belonged to his first wife, little or 
 nothing is known. His second wife survived him, and in 1495 we 
 shall find the grateful monks of Durham granting her letters of 
 fraternity for " your well-known deeds, your gifts, also and precious 
 presents conferred upon us." 
 
 June 7. 
 
 Letters of fraternity granted by the prior and convent of Durham 
 to John Robinson of Newcastle, merchant, and Joan his wife, who had 
 given to the convent a messuage in Pilgrim Street. And in addition 
 to the fraternal relationship, and the highest interest in all masses, 
 vigils, etc., the grateful monks bestowed upon Robinson and his wife, 
 and the survivor of them, an annuity of six marks per annum, secured 
 upon the tithes of Simonside. 
 
 August 15. 
 
 William Merryman, vicar of the church of Tynemouth, and Robert 
 Hutchinson, chaplain, convey to William Haysand all that messuage 
 in Newcastle which lies in the street called the Mealmarket ; in length 
 from the king's highway in front, on the east, to Pudding Chare at the 
 back, on the west ; and in width between the tenement of Robert 
 Hesilden, which he holds of John Dent, on the south, and the 
 tenement of James Cowper, which he holds of William Eure, knight, 
 on the north. To have, etc., for his life. And after the decease of the 
 said William Haysand, it shall remain to William Werdale and 
 Margaret his wife, daughter of William Haysand, and the heirs of 
 their body lawfully begotten, upon these conditions namely, that 
 immediately after the death of William Haysand, they pay John 
 Brokford of London, draper, 34/., William White of London, draper, 
 7/., and Henry Brice, fuller, and John Bulman of London, 8/.
 
 FIFTEENTH CENTURY. 369 
 
 October 26. 
 
 A negotiation for cementing peace between England and Scotland 
 by a royal marriage was concluded on this day, and an agreement 
 was signed by the commissaries of both nations at Edinburgh the 
 bishop of Durham heading the English list, and the bishop of 
 Glasgow performing a similar duty for the Scots. The document is 
 interesting. " Forasmuch," it states, " as this noble isle called Great 
 Britain cannot be kept and maintained better in wealth and prosperity 
 than such things to be practised and concluded between the kings of 
 both realms, England and Scotland, whereby they and their subjects 
 might be assured to live in peace, love, and tenderness to grow and 
 increase among them, it hath been agreed, accorded, and concluded 
 that, considered the long-continued troubles, dissensions, and debates 
 between the both realms, with great and mortal war that hath 
 followed thereupon, for the appeasing and setting apart of the same, 
 a nearer and more special way is to be found, and had, than only the 
 trust of the truce and abstinence of war that is now, or any other truce 
 that could be devised betwixt both parties. Item, it is agreed, 
 accorded, and concluded, that the most convenient and next means to 
 this is to appoint and conclude upon a marriage to be made betwixt 
 James, the only first begotten son and heir of the right high and mighty 
 prince, James, king of Scotland, and Cecile, the youngest daughter 
 of the right excellent, etc., king of England." But, as the prince was 
 only in the second year of his age, and the princess only four years 
 old, it became necessary to provide for a long interval, and therefore 
 the truce "taken first at York and thereafter prorogued and amplified 
 at the town of Newcastle, the I2th day of December 1465, to endure 
 unto the year 1519, etc., shall be in substance affirmed and ratified, by 
 other letters indented, bearing date like to these presents." The king of 
 England is to give his daughter a dowry of 20,000 marks, to be paid 
 2000 marks within three months, 2000 marks a-year for two years, and 
 afterwards 1000 marks a-year until the whole sum is paid. Should 
 the young prince or princess die, or the marriage be otherwise 
 prevented, the two kings are to endeavour to marry other of their 
 children. And if no marriage at all can be effected, the money paid is 
 to be returned, with the exception of 2500 marks, which the king of 
 England is willing the Scottish king shall retain ; such re-payments 
 to be made in the parish church of St. Nicholas', Newcastle, within 
 four years, by equal instalments on the 3d February in each year. 
 The marriage arranged in this amicable agreement was never com- 
 pleted, for hostilities soon afterwards broke out afresh, and the treaty 
 was annulled.
 
 3/o NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 1475- 
 
 14 and 15 EDWARD IV. 
 
 Bishop of Durham Laurence Booth. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 
 Nicholas Hayning, Mayor, and Robert Harding, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff elected at Michaelmas : 
 
 Mayor John Carliol. 
 
 Arms as in 1453. 
 
 Sheriff William Hodshon, or Hudson. 
 Arms : Per fess embattled or and azure three martlets counterchanged. 
 
 [Bourne's Sheriff John Rample.] 
 
 The Brockett MS. cites a mutilated deed in St. Andrew's vestry, 
 dated October 1475, which shows once more the correctness of the 
 list of mayors and sheriffs in the Carr MS. : ". . . lell, the younger, 
 mayor; William Hudson, sheriff ; John Essyngton . . . Wm. Thom- 
 son, John Fisher, aldermen." 
 
 January 2. 
 
 ATE of the will of Thomas Tanfeld, rector of Gateshead 
 from 1436 till his decease. To be buried in the monas- 
 tery of Peterborough, in the high choir, before the 
 sarcophagus of St. Oswald. Bequeaths to the fabric 
 of the church of Gayton such sum as his brother, Robert 
 Tanfeld, shall please ; to the church of Gateshead a book called the 
 Golden Legend [a collection of lives of the saints made by Jaques de 
 Voragine in the thirteenth century " Legends worth their weight in 
 gold ; "] to the church of Garveston, in Norfolk, a vestment costing 
 405. ; to the church of Gilling, in Rydale, a vestment costing 
 405. ; to the church of Stretton-in-the-Clay, in Notts, a chalice, 
 value 403. ; to the church of Burton-in-the-Clay, 405. ; to the 
 abbot and convent of Burne, in Lincolnshire, ioo/., so that they may 
 hold his obits in perpetuity in the same manner as they hold the 
 obits of a deceased abbot of the same monastery ; and that daily from 
 year to year, for the space of twenty years, they cause a priest to 
 celebrate mass in the chapel of St. John the Baptist for his soul, and 
 the souls of his benefactors, at the discretion of his executors Robert 
 Tanfeld, his brother, and Robert Kirkham. Bequeaths also to the 
 abbot and convent of Peterborough, for his interment, and the susten-
 
 FIFTEENTH CENTURY. 371 
 
 tation of the monastery, io/. ; to the making of two windows in the 
 same monastery, io/. ; to the prioress and nuns of Staunford, 66s. 8d. ; 
 to each of his servants, 133 4d. ; to Thomas Grenlay, 403. Residue to 
 his executors. Witnesses John Glynton, prior of Peterborough, etc. 
 Will proved at Lincoln 6th February, and at York 1 3th February. 
 The Rev. James Raine, in a foot-note to the will, states that Tanfeld 
 was probably a native of the village of Tanfield, Durham. He was 
 born out of lawful wedlock, and had a dispensation on the 4th April 
 1427 to enable him to overcome the inconveniences which resulted 
 from the irregularity of his birth. The following day he was ordained 
 sub-deacon, the cathedral of Ripon giving him a title, and deacon on 
 the nineteenth of the same month. Besides the rectory of Gateshead, 
 which he held for thirty-eight years, Tanfeld had preferment in various 
 dioceses. Archbishop Kempe made him one of his chaplains, and on 
 the 3<Dth June 1442, being then a bachelor in theology, he was instituted 
 to the rectory of Gilling, at the presentation of St. Mary's Abbey. On 
 the ist of January 1446 he was inducted to a stall in the chapel of the 
 Virgin and the Holy Angels at York, which he exchanged with 
 Alexander Elton for the rectory of Laxton, Notts, to which he was 
 instituted on the 2Oth August the same year. On the 3 ist January 
 1449 he was collated to the stall of Tockerington by the archbishop, 
 who also made him master of Kinwalgraves Hospital, near Beverley, 
 on the 3Oth December following. In 1451 he was collated to the stall 
 of Riccall at York. On the 2d October 1459 he resigned the rectory 
 of Stretton-in-the-Clay, Notts, and a fortnight after was made preben- 
 dary of Strensall. For seven years before he obtained the living of 
 Gateshead he was rector of Garveston, in Norfolk. Between 1449 
 and 1451 he was one of the portionaries of Bromyard ; from 1466 to 
 his death he was rector of Castor, in Northamptonshire ; and in 1471 
 and 1472 rector of Gayton, in the same county. 
 
 February I. 
 
 The sheriff of Newcastle is commanded by the king to proclaim in 
 the town and suburbs that an army royal is to be raised for the 
 defence and public weal of the realm, and that all such lords and 
 captains as have " indented to attend upon his most noble person in 
 his said army, and received wages in that behalf," be ready in their 
 " best and most defensible array " to attend and appear at Portdown, 
 in the county of Southampton, on the 26th May next coming, and 
 "from thence to depart with his said highness in his voyage" to 
 France. 
 
 February 25. 
 
 The act of the previous year regulating the staple of wool was
 
 372 
 
 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 altered on this date, in so far as the clause relating to shipment from 
 Newcastle was concerned. It was enacted that " the said act for so 
 much be void, and that in the stead of those words, it stand as 
 followeth : It is by the same authority ordained that all wool, etc., 
 growing and being within the said shires of Westmorland, Cumber- 
 land, Northumberland, bishopric of Durham, Richmondshire, and 
 Allerton, to be carried out of this realm, be shipped at Newcastle- 
 upon-Tyne only, and from thence to be conveyed to Calais, or to the 
 town of Barowe in Brabant, or to another place in certain, at the 
 king's pleasure to be named, there to be stapled and uttered, and to 
 no other place." Provision is made that if the king ordain the wool, 
 etc., so growing, to be stapled in any other place beyond the sea than 
 Calais or Barowe, the place so named shall be openly proclaimed in 
 the shires, bishopric, and town of Newcastle, and three months' after- 
 wards the king's subjects shall be bound to carry wool, etc., to the 
 places so named, under penalty of attainture for felony. 
 
 A royal patent of this year conferred upon Henry, Earl of 
 Northumberland, the offices of justice of all the king's forests north of 
 the Trent, constable, etc., of Knaresborough, constable and porter of 
 Newcastle, sheriff of Northumberland, and constable of Dunstan- 
 borough and Bamborough. 
 
 WEST SPITAL TOWER.
 
 FIFTEENTH CENTURY. 373 
 
 1476. 
 
 15 and 1 6 EDWARD IV. 
 Bishops of Durham Laurence Booth and William Dudley. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 John Carliol, Mayor, and William Hodgson, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and SJierijf elected at Micliaelmas ; 
 
 Mayor John Carliol. 
 Arms as in 1453. 
 
 Sheriff John Semple. 
 
 Arms : Argent, a chevron cheeky or and azure, between three bugle-horns 
 sable, in chief a crescent gules. 
 
 [Bourne's Sheriff Peter Bewick.] 
 July 13. 
 
 ATE of a lease from John Rokesburgh, prior, and the 
 brethren of the Black Friars, near the Westgate, of a 
 certain great close of theirs built round with a stone 
 wall, to William Hays, for the term of his life, at the 
 yearly rent of 253., and allowing him to affix a small 
 leaden pipe, of a bore large enough to admit a wheaten straw, to their 
 aqueduct, running in and through that close to their monastery, in 
 order to supply his fish ponds with water. This deed is supposed to 
 relate to the Warden's close, on the east side of Bath Lane, which 
 long after assisted to supply Newcastle with water. Brand confuses 
 the date of the document, and leaves it uncertain. In vol. i., p. 128, he 
 enters it as I3th July, 16 Edward IV. [1476], and on p. 420 he 
 quotes it from Madox as occurring I 3 th July 1466. 
 
 September I. 
 
 Bishop Booth, who for three years had been chancellor of England, 
 was elevated to the Archiepiscopal see of York, and was succeeded at 
 Durham by William Dudley, dean of Windsor. 
 
 September 12. 
 
 Commissioners appointed to confer with representatives of the 
 duke of Burgundy at Bruges or Ghent, or elsewhere, respecting the 
 
 25
 
 374 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 establishment of a staple of wool in the duke's dominions, for the wool 
 of the northern parts of England, " vulgarly called the wool of New- 
 castle," and to decide where such a staple should be held, under what 
 laws, regulations, ordinances, liberties, privileges, immunities, and 
 exemptions it should be maintained, and to whom power and 
 jurisdiction should be accorded. 
 
 October 30. 
 
 Date of the will of John Trollop, Esquire of Thornley, bequeathing 
 to the house of the Friars Minor of Newcastle, IDS., and to the 
 brethren of " St. Robert of Newcastle-upon-Tyne" [so in the copy], 
 33. 4d. 
 
 November 2. 
 
 Proved at York, the will of John Swan of Hull, merchant, in 
 which occurs a bequest of " one ring of gold " to the wife of Nicholas 
 Wetwang of Newcastle, 
 
 I477- 
 
 1 6 and 17 EDWARD IV. 
 Bishop of Durham William Dudley. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff of Newcastle till Michaelmas: 
 
 John Carliol, Mayor, and John Semple, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff 'elected at Michaelmas : 
 
 Mayor John Cook. 
 Arms : Argent, three bends, and in sinister chief a crescent sable. 
 
 Sheriff Peter Bewick. 
 
 Arms : Argent, between three bears' heads erased sable, five lozenges in fess, and 
 
 in chief a crescent gules. 
 
 [Bourne's Sheriff John Heaton.] 
 
 May 6. 
 
 ATE of the ordinary of the Incorporated Company 
 of Fullers and Dyers. No brother is to strain cloth 
 upon the tentor, to deliver it with the short wand, on 
 pain of forfeiting four pounds of wax, nor tentor cloth 
 on a Sunday, nor " wend to the walk mylne " with any 
 raw cloth on that day, on pain of forfeiting two pounds of wax. No 
 Scotsman born to be taken apprentice, nor any such set to work, 
 under a penalty of 2os., half whereof to go to the society, and half to
 
 FIFTEENTH CENTURY. 375 
 
 the support of Tyne Bridge. No apprentice to be taken for less than 
 seven years. No brother to work carsey under 2d. the yard. The 
 members to attend weddings and burials of the brethren in their 
 livery. To meet in their livery in Carliol Croft on St. John's Day in 
 May, at six in the morning, and upon St. John's Day at Christmas, at 
 one in the afternoon. None of the company to fail being at the 
 setting forth of the procession on Corpus Christi Day, on pain of 
 forfeiting one pound of wax. Each brother to pay 6d. to the 
 procession and play yearly. To choose twelve to be sworn and elect 
 wardens, auditors, and searchers, and the two to attend the mayor and 
 chamber for the year. To work no broadcloth of colour under 4d. 
 a-yard, nor any wadded blue under 2d. the yard, nor any frieze under 
 I }d. the yard, under penalty of one pound of wax. To dight [clean] 
 no gown under 4d., on pain of half-a-pound of wax. Not to sheer [cut] 
 a dozen yards of tilted cloth under 3d., under pain of two pounds 
 of wax; nor fustian under id. the yard, nor broadcloth under 3d. the 
 yard, under penalty of one pound of wax for each. 
 
 Brand states that in the foregoing ordinary occurs the name of the 
 earliest chamber clerk of Newcastle that he could find in local history 
 " John Cartington, common dark." 
 
 June 4. 
 
 The privilege of sanctuary sought, and immunity of the church 
 granted, at Durham, to Christopher Holme. " Memorandum. That 
 upon the 4th June, A.D. 1477, Christopher Holme, personally present 
 in the said church [cathedral] before ' Sir ' Thomas Caly, sub-prior of 
 the cathedral of Durham, a notary, and witnesses named below, 
 confessed that he, Christopher, with Henry Stobbs and Humphrey 
 Usher, upon the 24th April last past, meeting one William Marley in 
 the town of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, then and there fell upon him, and 
 with a certain weapon called wallshbill did grievously beat and 
 wound, so that thereby, and from other wounds then and there 
 inflicted by him, Christopher, and others, death ensued to the said 
 William, as js reported ; whereupon the said Christopher, with all 
 contrition and in humility of heart, instantly begged and obtained the 
 immunity of the aforesaid church, according to the privileges and 
 liberties of the same, for the honour of God and St. Cuthbert, in the 
 presence of Robert Bartram, by apostolical authority public notary, 
 Robert Holburn of Gateshead, and John Lawson of Hilton, specially 
 called to attest the premisses." The sanctuary at Durham cathedral, 
 Mr. Raine tells us, was upon the floor beneath the western tower. 
 The culprit, upon knocking at the ring affixed to the north door, was 
 admitted without delay, and after confessing his crime, with every
 
 376 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 minute circumstance connected with it, the whole of which was 
 committed to writing in the presence of witnesses, a bell in the Galilee 
 tower ringing all the while, to give notice to the town that some one 
 had taken refuge in the church, there was put upon him a black gown 
 with a yellow cross upon the left shoulder, as the badge of St. 
 Cuthbert, whose girth, or peace, he had claimed. When thirty-seven 
 days had elapsed, if no pardon could be obtained, the malefactor, after 
 certain ceremonies before the shrine, solemnly abjured his native land 
 for ever, and was straightway, by the agency of the intervening parish 
 constable, conveyed to the coast, bearing in his hand a white wooden 
 cross, and was sent out of the kingdom by the first ship which sailed 
 after his arrival. 
 
 1478. 
 
 17 and 18 EDWARD IV 
 
 Bishop of Durham William Dudley, 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 
 John Cook, Mayor, and Peter Bewick, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff elected at Michaelmas : 
 
 Mayor Robert Chambers. 
 
 Arms as in 1467, but the difference is a crescent. 
 
 Sheriff John Hilton. 
 
 Arms : Argent, two bars azure, in chief a crescent sable. 
 
 [Bourne's Sheriff John Ridsdale.] 
 
 EMBERS of parliament (elected 1 7th December 1477) 
 John Carliol and John Esington. 
 
 From this date, with one or two exceptions, the 
 returns of members to parliament down to 1542 have 
 been lost. 
 
 October 28. 
 
 Mackenzie quotes from the books of the Barber Surgeons' Com- 
 pany the following bill of fare for the barber surgeons' and wax 
 and tallow chandlers' dinner held in Newcastle on this date. No
 
 FIFTEENTH CENTURY. 377 
 
 fewer than one hundred and twenty-four persons dined, it will be seen, 
 
 for 75. 6d. slightly less than three farthings a-head : . 
 
 s. d. 
 
 2 Loins of veal o 8 
 
 2 Loins of mutton o 8 
 
 1 Loin of beef o 4 
 
 2 Legs of mutton o 2i 
 
 Pig o 6 
 
 Capon o 6 
 
 Rabbit o 2 
 
 Dozen of pigeons o 7 
 
 Goose ... ... ... ... ... ... ... o 4 
 
 Gross of eggs o 8 
 
 2 Gallons of wine i 4 
 
 8 Gallons of ale i 6 
 
 Total 7 6 
 
 Brand states, on the authority of Warburton's MSS., that great 
 numbers of persons died this year of a plague in Newcastle. 
 
 1479- 
 
 1 8 and 19 EDWARD IV. 
 
 Bishop of Durham William Dudley. 
 
 Mayor and SJieriff of Newcastle till Micfiaelmas : 
 
 Robert Chambers, Mayor, and John Hilton, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff elected at Michaelmas ; 
 
 Mayor John Semple. 
 Arms as in 1467. 
 
 Sheriff John Ridsdale. 
 
 Arms : Argent, between three garbs a fess azure, charged with a mullet or. 
 
 [Bourne's Sheriff William Scott] 
 
 May 30. 
 
 OMPLETION of the Black Book of Hexham a rent 
 roll of the prior and convent of that place. The MS. 
 is a thin folio, 12 inches by 9, neatly written on 75 
 folios of parchment, in a uniform hand, with a wide 
 margin. The book has sides of thick, black leather, 
 (whence its name) ; the sides are lined with coarse canvas, and the
 
 378 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 back is of wood. It is folded double, and is secured by a leathern 
 flap. Mr. W. B. Beaumont is the possessor, who inherited it as lord 
 of the manor, and owner of the site of the priory. Mention of the 
 following local property occurs in it: Thomas Woodman holds a 
 burgage in Newcastle west of the Cale Cross, between Coke-rawe and 
 Souter-raw, yielding 45. of annual rent ; and two burgages on the east 
 side of the Sandhill, near the Quay, late Henry Woodman's. Robert 
 Flesher holds a burgage at the will of the prior in Flesher-gate, at the 
 south end of the same, between the burgage of Richard Scott on the 
 north, and a little vennel lying between Flesher-gate and Skinner-gate, 
 which vennel is entered from the way to the Beremarket-gate, yielding 
 annually 2OS. John Howden holds a free burgage, and pays annually 
 I2s., and an adjoining burgage on the south, for which he pays 6s. 
 Henry Barber, alias Wingate, holds a free burgage, lately in the tenure 
 of Robert Penreth, paying 33. 6d. There used to be an annual rent of 
 43. from a burgage held by John Cornforth, now nil, and the site 
 unknown ; and a similar rent from the " stanhous " in Westgate, 
 now nothing, and the site unknown. 
 
 Enrolment of an indenture between the bishop of Durham, the 
 burgesses of the town of Gateshead, and William Brown, freeholder of 
 the said town. The burgesses claimed from Brown every third year's 
 fruit of certain lands held by him, and it was agreed that Brown should 
 pay 2od. annually to the churchwardens of the town in full satisfaction 
 of the demand. 
 
 lit INS or PIXK TOWER.
 
 FIFTEENTH CENTURY. 379 
 
 1480. 
 
 19 and 20 EDWARD IV. 
 
 Bishop of Durham William Dudley. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff of Newcastle till Mic/uielmas : 
 
 John Sample, Mayor, and John Ridsdale, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff elected at Michaelmas : 
 
 Mayor John Carliol. 
 Arms as in 1453. 
 
 Sheriff William Scott. 
 Arms : Or, three lions' heads erased and in chief a mullet sable. 
 
 [Bourne's Sheriff William Bewley.] 
 
 HE merchants' guild of Newcastle, founded by king 
 John, was reconstituted this year, and articles, 
 resembling those of the other incorporated companies 
 in the town were agreed to for six years. Under that 
 agreement the merchants bound themselves to meet 
 and hold their courts at the Maison Dieu Hall, on the Sandhill, on the 
 last Thursday of every month ; guild, or head meeting day, to be 
 called on the Thursday next after " Mid-fast " Sunday. The society 
 to go in procession on Corpus Christi Day [their play was " Hog 
 Magog"], meeting in the Meal-market at seven in the morning [by an 
 after insertion " after high mass be done "]. Members who fill the 
 office of mayor, sheriff, or alderman, to attend with their officers and 
 servants upon the holy sacrament, and according to seniority of office 
 to be principal in the said solemn procession, in which the latest made 
 burgess is to walk foremost. Apprentices to serve for seven years, 
 etc. Thomas Penreth occurs as clerk of the company at this 
 time. 
 
 Richard, master of the house of St. Michael of the Wallknoll, New- 
 castle, of the order of the Holy Trinity and the Redemption of 
 Captives, gives to his beloved in Christ, Ralph Widdrington, and 
 Felicia [Claxton], his wife, the privileges of his house and order. Two 
 years later, for his valour in the campaign against Scotland, 
 Widdrington was knighted on the plain of Sefford by the Earl of 
 Northumberland, who had been empowered to confer that honour.
 
 NINTH DECADE 1481-1490. 
 
 I48l. 
 
 20 and 21 EDWARD IV. 
 Bishop of Durham William Dudley. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 John Carliol, Mayor, and William Scott, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff elected at Michaelmas : 
 
 Mayor George Carr. 
 
 Arms as in 1472. 
 
 Sheriff William Bewley. 
 
 [Brand alters Bewley to Bewick without comment, but the arms 
 are not those of the Bewick family.] 
 
 Arms : Argent, a saltire humette, and between its upper arms an annulet gules. 
 [Bourne's Sheriff William Cunningham.] 
 
 From this date the overlapping of sheriffs disappears. William 
 Cunningham, the sheriff of Bourne and Brand, is not named in the 
 Carr MS., nor does he occur anywhere else in either Bourne or 
 Brand ; but in the receipts of the churchwardens of Gateshead for 
 1490, quoted by Mr. Longstaffe in the Appendix to the Life of 
 Ambrose Barnes, a person of that name is credited with the payment 
 of 4d. for a stall in their parish church.
 
 FIFTEENTH CENTURY. 
 
 381 
 
 RAND, vol. i., p. 1 55, states (giving as his authority 
 Parliamentary History, vol. ii., p. 376) that " an 
 extraordinary grant, which was afterwards most 
 ungratefully repaid, of the wardenship of the 
 north marches, together with the castles, towns, 
 lordships, customs, and fee-farms of Carlisle 
 and Newcastle-upon-Tyne, etc., etc., to be held 
 of the king by knight's service, was made by 
 king Edward the fourth in his 2Oth year, to Richard, Duke of 
 Gloucester, and confirmed by the parliament at Westminster in the 
 year 1482." This statement is repeated in vol. ii., p. 430. But 
 turning to the rolls of parliament, vi., p. 204, it is seen that all this is a 
 mistake. The Duke of Gloucester was appointed warden of the 
 " west " marches, and received the castle, etc., of Carlisle, and " the 
 Castell Maner and Lordshipp of Bowcastell [not Newcastle] and Nicoll 
 Forest," as part of the appurtenances of his wardenship. The act 
 commences : " Where it hath been late appointed and agreed 
 between the king our sovereign lord and his entirely beloved brother, 
 Richard, Duke of Gloucester, that the same duke should have to him 
 and his heirs, etc., the wardenship of the west marches of England, 
 over against Scotland, and the office thereof, etc. And forasmuch as 
 our said sovereign lord, and the lords spiritual and temporal, and the 
 Commons in this present parliament assembled, understand and 
 consider that the said duke, being warden of the said west marches, 
 late, by his manifold and diligent labours and duties, hath subdued 
 great part of the west borders of Scotland adjoining to England, etc., 
 etc. Therefore, the duke shall have the wardenship, etc. And that 
 for occupying of the said office of wardenship, etc., the same duke, by 
 the same authority, shall have and enjoy to him and to his said heirs, 
 etc., the things in this act hereafter comprised that is to say, the 
 castle, city, town, and lordship of Carlisle, and the fee-farm of the 
 same ; the castle, manor, and lordship of Bewcastle, and Nichol Forest, 
 and all other lordships, manors, lands, etc., which the king's grace 
 hath, etc., within the said county of Cumberland." Newcastle is not 
 mentioned in the act.
 
 382 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 1482. 
 
 21 and 22 EDWARD IV. 
 
 Bishop of Durham William Dudley. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 
 George Carr, Mayor, and William Bewley, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff elected at Michaelmas : 
 
 Mayor John Cook. 
 
 Arms as in 1469. 
 
 Sheriff Robert Harding. 
 
 Arms as in 1474, but the difference is a crescent on the chevron. 
 
 OMESTIC feuds in Scotland were followed by disorders 
 on the marches, and the Duke of Albany, brother of 
 the Scottish monarch, by agreement with king Edward, 
 dated at Fotheringay, the loth of June, assumed the 
 title of Alexander, king of Scotland, binding himself to 
 do homage for his crown within six months after obtaining it, and to 
 surrender Berwick to England in fourteen days after an English army 
 had conveyed him to Edinburgh. The Duke of Gloucester, after- 
 wards Richard III., was sent down to the north, where 22,500 men 
 under Henry, Earl of Northumberland, were summoned to proceed 
 into Scotland. The duke's appointment as lieutenant-general of the 
 army is dated I2th June, and on the 3Oth of that month there is a 
 royal order to assign "an hundred pounds for the buying of 120 
 draught-horses for the carriage of our ordnance from our town of 
 Newcastle northwards into Scotland, and 200 marks for the buying of 
 2000 sheaves of arrows, to be bought and spent in the said parts for 
 the subduing of our rebels and enemies." The army penetrated as far 
 as Edinburgh, where a truce was concluded, and Berwick was given up 
 to England after being twenty-one years in the possession of Scotland. 
 The marriage treaty of 26th October 1474 was annulled, and repay- 
 ment of the money sent at various times to Scotland, on account of it 
 was demanded. 
 
 April 10. 
 
 The Earl of Northumberland had a house in the Close, between 
 Tyne Bridge and Javel Group, and on this date, before his departure 
 on the expedition into Scotland, he demised it to his servant, George
 
 FIFTEENTH CENTURY. 
 
 383 
 
 Bird. " Henry, Earl of Northumberland, Warden of East and Middle 
 Marches, etc., to all true Christian men to whom this present writing 
 shall come, see, or hear, greeting in our Lord God everlasting. 
 Whereas my right well beloved servant, George Bird, is seised and 
 possessed, etc., of a tenement, etc., lately called the Earl's Inn, within 
 the town of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, in the street called the Close, 
 betwixt a tenement pertaining unto the hospital of St. Catharine the 
 Virgin, upon the Sandhill of the said town, late in the holding of 
 William Bird, upon the west side, and a vennel called Bower Chare, 
 upon the east side, and extends from the king's highway, before, on 
 the north, unto the ground-ebb of the water of Tyne, behind, on the 
 south, etc., of the gift and feoffment of William Blakston [terms of 
 Blakston's holding follow]. Know ye, me, the said earl, by these 
 presents, to have remised, and released all the right, title, and interest 
 that I have had or shall have in the said tenement, etc., to the said 
 George, etc. And I, forsooth, the said earl, and mine heirs, the said 
 tenement, etc., for the yearly rent of 135. 4d., to the said George Bird, 
 his heirs and assigns, shall warrant and defend against all men 
 without end." (See 1445 and 1489.) 
 
 RUINS OK THE EARL'S INN.
 
 384 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 The bishop of Durham (sixth year of his pontificate) granted to 
 James Horner and Walter Cawod the office of parker of the park of 
 Gateshead, and keeper of the tower there, during their lives and the 
 life of either of them. A previous grant [1472] to James Horner 
 alone was surrendered and cancelled. 
 
 1483. 
 
 22 and 23 EDWARD IV., i EDWARD V., i RICHARD III. 
 Bishops of Durham William Dudley and John Sherwood. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 John Cook, Mayor, and Robert Harding, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff elected at Michaelmas : 
 Mayor John Carliol. 
 
 Arms as in 1453. 
 
 Sheriff Robert Stockett. 
 
 Arms : Three stocks of trees erased (or by their roots), and in chief 
 a mullet sable. 
 
 ING EDWARD IV. died at Westminster on the pth 
 April, and his son succeeded him with the title of 
 Edward V. The reign of this youthful monarch 
 ended in about two months with his murder in the 
 Tower, and his uncle ascended the throne as Richard 
 III., on the 26th of June. As was usual at the commencement of a 
 new reign, the burgesses of Newcastle sought and obtained from the 
 last named king this year a confirmation of their charters and 
 privileges. 
 
 Towards the close of the year (29th November) Bishop Dudley 
 died at Westminster, and was buried in the Abbey. His successor at 
 Durham was John Sherwood, archdeacon of Richmond, a famous 
 ecclesiastical lawyer, and for some time advocate of king Edward IV. 
 at the court of Rome. 
 
 The chaplaincy of St. Mary's free chapel at Jesmond being vacant 
 by the death of Mr. Lumley, was conferred by king Richard upon 
 Dr. Roby.
 
 FIFTEENTH CENTURY. 385 
 
 Roger Thornton of Witton Castle, son of the famous Roger 
 Thornton, died this year. He was the executor to his father's will in 
 1430, a commissioner to raise archers in Newcastle five years later, 
 and an alderman and member of the Skinners' Company in 1437. 
 He granted the use of the hall and kitchen of Thornton's hospital on 
 the Sandhill, Newcastle, for young couples to make their wedding 
 dinner in, was high sheriff of Northumberland in 1457, and between 
 1459 and 1467 was several times ambassador or commissioner on 
 various important negotiations with Scotland. Hodgson thinks that 
 he fought at Towton Field in 1461, or was in some way a favourer of 
 the cause of the house of York, for Edward IV. in that year granted 
 him the manor of Newham, near Bamborough, and in 1466 gave him a 
 pardon for all kinds of transgressions, etc. In Newcastle he seems to 
 have continued his father's business as a merchant for some time, as 
 under that designation he purchased in 1438 the manor of Ludworth, 
 near Durham. His wife was Elizabeth, daughter of John, Lord Dacre, 
 to whom he was married before the 4th February 1428-9. This lady 
 died 24th November 1440, and Thornton afterwards cohabited with 
 Johanna Law, upon whose children, Giles, Roger, and John, he settled 
 in 1470 the manor of Thornton, and all his lands in Yorkshire, and 
 the manors of Bradbury, the Isle, and Ludworth, in the county of 
 Durham. By his wife he had two daughters, Johanna, who married 
 Robert, son of Sir Robert Ogle, and Elizabeth, who married Sir 
 George, otherwise Lord Lumley. 
 
 BYKF.R MANOR HorsE.
 
 3 86 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 1484. 
 
 i and 2 RICHARD III. 
 
 Bishop of Durham John Sherwood. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 
 John Carliol, Mayor, and Robert Stockett, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff elected at Michaelmas : 
 
 Mayor George Cair. 
 
 Arms as in 1472. 
 
 Sheriff George Bird. 
 
 Arms : Argent, three demi-birds azure, rising from wreaths or and gules, 
 in fess a mullet sable. 
 
 CONGRESS of plenipotentiaries met at Nottingham in 
 September, for composing dissensions between England 
 and Scotland, where, amongst other things, a conven- 
 tion for a marriage between James, Duke of Rothesay, 
 heir-apparent of the Scottish king, and Ann, daughter 
 of the Duke of Suffolk, niece of Richard III., as soon within three 
 years as the parties came of fit age, was agreed upon, the whole treaty 
 to be ratified on the 6th December, in the church of St. Nicholas, 
 Newcastle. The death of Richard at the battle of Bosworth, in the 
 following year, put a stop to this project. 
 
 December 20. 
 
 Date of a deed by which Robert Wilson, perpetual chaplain of the 
 chantry of St. John the Evangelist in All Saints' Church, with the 
 consent of the patrons, the vicar, and churchwardens, lets to Alexander 
 Taylor, baker, at a rent of 2s., his tenement in All-Hallow-gate [Silver 
 Street], lying between Heworth Chare on the west, a tenement of Sir 
 George Lumley, knight, on the north, and a tenement of John Carliol 
 on the south.
 
 FIFTEENTH CENTURY. 387 
 
 1485- 
 
 2 and 3 RICHARD III. i HENRY VII. 
 Bishop of Durham John Sherwood. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 
 George Carr, Mayor, and George Bird, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff elected at Michaelmas : 
 
 Mayor Robert [or Richard] Chambers. 
 Arms as in 1478. 
 
 Sheriff Thomas Hardbread. 
 
 Arms : Argent, two bars and in chief three crosses crosslet gules ; the upper bar 
 charged with a crescent or. 
 
 Bourne has the sheriff's name " Harbourn," and Brand follows 
 suit ; but the arms are the same as those of the sheriff in 1493, whose 
 name Brand prints as Hardbread, and Bourne spells " Harbreek." 
 
 ING RICHARD was slain at the battle of Bosworth 
 Field on 22d of August, and Henry VI L, uniting the 
 red and white roses of Lancaster and York, ascended 
 the throne the same day. The burgesses of Newcastle 
 on the 7th December obtained from the new king a 
 confirmation of their charters and privileges. 
 
 March 23. 
 
 The king appoints Alexander Lye, " one of our chaplains and 
 one of our council," to be chamberlain and customer of Berwick, and 
 master and supervisor of works, as well in the town and castle of 
 Berwick as in the castle of Newcastle. 
 
 April 23. 
 
 Proved at York the will of William Lambert, vicar of Gainford, 
 and master of the college of Staindrop, bequeathing to the Augustine 
 brethren in Newcastle the sum of IDS. 
 
 September 12. 
 
 John Preston of Crossgate, Durham, by his last will, signed on this 
 day, bequeathed to the brethren of the house of the Trinitarians at 
 the Wall Knoll, Newcastle, the sum of 35. 4d.
 
 388 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 September 21. 
 
 Date of letters patent granting to William Case, Esquire, for life, 
 the offices of constable of the high castle of Newcastle, bailiff of Fosse, 
 in the city of York, and steward of the lordship of Trowbridge, Wilts. 
 William Case, son and heir to John Case, gentleman, in 1483, was 
 included in Richard the Third's Act of Attainder. 
 
 November 17. 
 
 Date of a commission to John Markham, to be deputy at the port 
 of Newcastle to John Fortescue, knight, chief butler of England. 
 
 December 7. 
 
 Grant in survivorship to Robert Collingwood, Esquire, and John, 
 his son (in consideration of good and gratuitous services performed by 
 them in the east and middle marches of England towards Scotland), 
 of an annuity of io/. out of the customs and subsidies arising in the 
 port of the town of Newcastle. 
 
 i486. 
 
 i and 2 HENRY VII. 
 Bishop of Durham John Sherwood. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 
 Robert or Richard Chambers, Mayor, and Thomas Harbourn, 
 or Hardbread, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff elected at Michaelmas ; 
 
 Mayor George Carr. 
 Sheriff Robert Brigham. 
 
 Arms : Argent, a saltire engrailed vert, in chief a crescent sable. 
 
 May 3. 
 
 N this date the king granted, during his pleasure, to the 
 mayor and burgesses of Newcastle, an annuity of 2O/. 
 per annum out of the great customs of the port of the 
 said town, towards the support and repairing of the 
 bridge and walls of the town. The annuity was given 
 " in consideration of good and gratuitous services to the king, and the 
 great charges and expenses they sustain in the defence of the marches 
 towards Scotland, by sea and by land, and in the maintaining and 
 repairing of the Tyne Bridge there, and the walls of the said town."
 
 FIFTEENTH CENTURY. 389 
 
 August 20. 
 
 Joan Baxter, prioress of the nuns of St. Bartholomew in New- 
 castle, granted in fee-farm to Thomas Lockwood of that place, 
 merchant [probably the sheriff in 1471 and mayor of 1488], a parcel 
 of waste ground, with a croft in Gateshead, at a yearly rent of 6s. 8d. 
 
 1487. 
 
 2 and 3 HENRY VII. 
 Bishop of Durham John Sherwood. 
 
 Mayor and Sfieriff of N ewcastle till MicJiaelmas : 
 George Carr, Mayor, and Robert Brigham, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff elected at Michaelmas : 
 Mayor George Carr. 
 
 Sheriff John Penrith. 
 Arms as in 1453, but the difference is a sable mullet. 
 
 HE king came through the northern counties this 
 summer, investigating the rebellion of the impostor, 
 Lambert Simnel, and punishing those who had taken 
 part in it. His Majesty arrived in Newcastle about 
 the middle of August, and stayed here for some days. 
 On the i /th of that month he issued, from Newcastle, a general 
 pardon, with restitution of lands, to John Tempest, Esquire of 
 Gosburton, Lincolnshire, and Brasewell, York ; and on the 2Oth 
 to " John Auckland, professor of theology, clerk, prior of the priory 
 of Durham." Upon this last-named day, also, the king granted to 
 Robert Tempest the office of collector of customs and subsidies in 
 Newcastle and places adjacent, in the room of John Bird ; and gave to 
 Robert Moulton, knight, the office of surveyor in the port of New- 
 castle, in the place of Edward Benley. During his stay in the town 
 His Majesty sent Richard Fox, bishop of Exeter, and Sir Richard 
 Edgecombe, comptroller of the household, into Scotland to treat with 
 James III. about finally composing all disputes between the kingdoms. 
 
 February 15. 
 
 Mandate from the king to the sheriff of Newcastle : Whereas, by 
 a certain inquisition held before George Carr, late mayor and escheator 
 
 20
 
 390 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 of Richard III. (in fact, but not by right, king of England), in the 
 town of Newcastle, it was found, amongst other things, that Ralph 
 Nevill, late Earl of Westmorland, deceased, held in the said town on 
 the day of his death a certain yearly rent of got. i6s. 8d., to be 
 received yearly by the said earl and his heirs male, of the fee-farm of 
 the said town, by the gift of Edward III. of England, by letters patent, 
 to Ralph Nevill, forefather of the said late earl and his heirs male ; 
 and that Ralph Nevill, knight, now Earl of Westmorland, was his 
 cousin and heir, and of full age ; and whereas the same late king, 
 as is premised, on I3th March of his second year, in consideration of a 
 certain fine paid in the hanaper, received the homage of the said Ralph, 
 the present earl, for all the lands and tenements which the late earl 
 held of the said late king in capite on the day on which he died, and 
 restored to him 'all his lands and tenements, and by his brief directed 
 his escheator in the said town of Newcastle that (fealty being 
 taken, etc.) he should give the said present earl full seisin of all 
 lands and tenements, etc., in the said town, which were in the late 
 earl's possession on the day of his death, and on his death were taken 
 into the hands of the said, as is premised, king. The sheriff is to pay 
 the said earl all arrears of the po/. i6s. 8d., from the said I3th March, 
 and all the said rent yearly from time to time out of the aforesaid 
 fee-farm. 
 
 June i. 
 
 Date of a grant for life to Richard Cholmeley, one of the gentlemen 
 ushers of the king's chamber, of an annuity of 2O/. out of the customs 
 of the port of Newcastle. 
 
 November 9. 
 
 Parliament passed a bill enabling the king to assign certain 
 manors, fees, etc., for the sure keeping of the town and castle of 
 Berwick. The collectors of custom and subsidy in Newcastle were to 
 pay out of their first revenues, for seven years, 2357. per annum, after 
 all ordinary charges were deducted for this purpose. "And if the 
 said collectors of the custom and subsidy afore rehearsed make 
 payment hereafter to any other person, afore the said sum of 2357., 
 and the said ordinary charges be paid, that the payer of the said sums, 
 or any parcel thereof, have none allowance thereof, and yet the said 
 payment to stand, and be sufficient discharge for our sovereign lord 
 against him that shall so receive it."
 
 FIFTEENTH CENTURY. 3gi 
 
 1488. 
 
 3 and 4 HENRY VII. 
 Bishop of Durham John Sherwood. 
 
 Mayor and SJieriff of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 George Carr, Mayor, and John Penrith, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff elected at Michaelmas : 
 
 Mayor Thomas Lockwood. 
 
 Arms : Gules on a bend or, three padlocks azure, in chief a crescent of 
 
 the second. 
 
 Sheriff William Richardson. 
 
 Arms : Sable on a chief argent, three lions' heads erased of the field, in 
 fess a mullet or. 
 
 N this year were framed the following regulations 
 respecting seats in All Saints' Church, Newcastle : 
 
 "These be the statutes made in the third year 
 of King Henry the Seventh, by the worshipful men 
 and the churchmasters, with the whole body of the 
 parish of Allhallows, for the welfare of the church now and in time to 
 come, and for eschewing of malice and evil will within the said parish, 
 and that no man or woman shall challenge nor wrong duties now nor 
 yet in time to come. 
 
 " Imprimis. What woman that will take a stallroom within the 
 church, shall have it whilst she lives, if she dwell in the parish, and if 
 she dwell a twelvemonth and a day forth of the said parish, then it 
 shall be lawful to the churchmasters to let it to another, after the same 
 custom. 
 
 " Item. If a man's wife die in the parish, that hath a stall in the 
 church, when she is dead if her husband will take it again any day 
 within fourteen days next following, he shall have it before any other, 
 and, if he will not, then the churchmasters to let it to another to the 
 behoof and benefit of the church. 
 
 " Item. If a man take a stall again, the which was his wife's stall 
 before, to remain in his hands whilst he provide a wife for it, if it 
 happen that that wife have a stall, then it shall be lawful to the man to 
 take it, in his pleasure, which of these two stalls he will have unto his 
 wife ; and the other stall to be resigned in again to the behoof and 
 benefit of the church.
 
 392 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 " Item. It is agreed that there shall no stall be letten to any man's 
 daughter, except she be handfast, or asked in the church, or else 
 married with a husband. 
 
 " Item. That there shall be no stall letten to any woman dwelling 
 without the parish, because the parishing shall not be unserved of 
 itself in that. 
 
 "Item. If a wife have a stall, and thinks that she sits not well, 
 then if there fall a stall void that the churchmasters thinks lawful by 
 their advice, then they shall change for 4d., and they be both of 
 one price. 
 
 "Item. If a wife may not come to her stall because she is 
 impotent, she shall let it to no other without the churchwarden's 
 license." 
 
 1489- 
 
 4 and 5 HENRY VII. 
 
 Bishop of Durham John Sherwood. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 
 Thomas Lockwood, Mayor, and William Richardson, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff elected at Michaelmas : 
 
 Mayor George Carr. 
 Sheriff William Camboe. 
 
 Bourne gives the sheriffs name as William Chambers, and Brand 
 copies it. The Carr MS. has it " Gamboe," and describes the arms as 
 argent, on a fess gules three bezants, in chief a mullet azure. These 
 are not the arms of any Chambers in the twenty coats of that family 
 enumerated in Robson's British Herald. But they resemble the arms 
 of the family of Cambois or Camoys, and in the Arcluzologia ^ 'liana 
 Mr. Longstaffe quotes a conveyance, dated June 1491, and on page 397 
 of this volume is noted a charter, to " William Camby," which shew 
 that a person of that name had property in Newcastle at this time. 
 
 February 27. 
 
 TCENSE from the king to the governors and common- 
 alty of the merchants' guild at Newcastle, for seven 
 years to come, that they may buy and export to 
 Flanders, Brabant, Holland, and Zeeland, wools and 
 wool-fells of the growth of Northumberland (Berwick 
 district excepted), Cumberland, Westmorland, Durham, Allerton, and
 
 FIFTEENTH CENTURY. 393 
 
 Richmond, at a duty of 33. 4d. the sack only, and 133. 4d. for every 
 240 fells, etc. Further license of retainder is granted to them for 
 three years, of 33. 4d. of the customs upon every of the said sacks, and 
 35. 4d. upon every 200 fells. This grant was made in consideration of 
 the wool from these counties being so coarse, and of so little value 
 that the ordinary duties were considered excessive, and the trade was 
 carried on at a loss. 
 
 April $. 
 
 Joan Baxter, prioress of the nuns of St. Bartholomew in New- 
 castle, granted at this date a lease for 100 years of all that " parcel of 
 ground called the Nun's Moor, as it lieth betwixt the fields called the 
 Castle Moor, on the east and south parts, the field of Fenham on the 
 west part, and the fields of Kenton on the north part," to the 
 mayor and burgesses, at a rental of 233. 4d. per annum. 
 
 April 28. 
 
 Henry, fourth earl of Northumberland, was slain by the populace 
 at Cocks' Lodge, or Cockledge, near Thirsk. Parliament had granted 
 king Henry a subsidy for the war in France, and it was collected 
 without much difficulty in all parts of England, except Yorkshire and 
 Durham, where the people only churlishly recognised the victorious 
 house of Tudor. The collectors applied to the Earl of Northumberland, 
 who was in command of the northern counties, and the earl, having 
 received the king's answer that no part of what parliament had granted 
 should be remitted, assembled his men, and demanded that the money 
 should.be promptly paid. Thereupon the people rose, surrounded the 
 earl's house at Cocks' Lodge, and slew him with several of his attend- 
 ants. The murdered nobleman was buried at Beverley, and a shrine or 
 cenotaph to his memory was set up in St. Nicholas' Church, New- 
 castle. Bourne relates all that is known about this monument : " In 
 this north part of the church of St. Nicholas was a shrine of Henry, 
 Earl of Northumberland, who in the 4th of Henry VII. was lieu- 
 tenant of Yorkshire, and being commanded by the king to levy those 
 monies which were then extorted from the country to carry on the 
 war of Brittany, the vulgar, conceiving him to be the cause of that 
 task, murdered him, etc. ; whereupon he was buried at Beverley, where 
 he hath a stately monument, but much defaced. This shrine [in St. 
 Nicholas] is at present [1736] much more so, being nowhere to be met 
 with ; but Grey tells us [in the Chorographia] that in this part of the 
 church there was such a monument in his time, that was made in 
 memory of him in his own country ; he having a house in this town 
 and parish [the Earl's House, at the east end of the Close, next the
 
 394 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 river (see roth April 1482), bounded on the east by Bower Chare, 
 between Tyne Bridge and the Javel Group], and that part of the 
 inscription upon it was Orate pro anima Henrici Percy 4 Northum- 
 bri<z qui per Rebellium manus occubuit, etc. [Pray for the soul of 
 Henry Percy, fourth Earl of Northumberland, who by the hand of 
 rebels was slain, etc.] The Milbank manuscript says it was in the 
 north corner of the church ; that it was a monument of wood, on 
 which was painted an old man, our Saviour on his right hand, and the 
 Virgin Mary on his left. There came a labil from her mouth, but 
 what it was this authority had forgot ; but that from our Saviour's 
 was Qu<zso Patri fac, quod rogat mea Mater. [I pray thee, Father, do 
 what my mother asks.] Then followed some Latin verses done in the 
 rhyming way of the monks, but they are so dark and obscure that 
 little can be made of them. The manuscript goes on : " When Mr. 
 William Selby was buried [1614] this monument was removed out of 
 that corner, and Sir George Selby did set his magnificent tomb there. 
 After that it was placed against the wall, next to Sir George's tomb, 
 and so continued until Mr. Lane. Hodshon got leave of Vicar Nailor to 
 remove it and place his father. Where it is now I know not." The 
 earl's heir was a boy of eleven years, and during his minority the 
 manor of Byicer was again conferred [as in 1463] upon the mayor and 
 community of Newcastle. 
 
 May 3. 
 
 Edward Edle, or Hedley, conveys to John Allenson of Gateshead 
 a tenement in that town, between the tenement of Robert Tomson on 
 the north and that of Katherine Walker on the south, and extending 
 from the king's highway [High Street] on the east to the Durham 
 highway [West Street] on the west ; paying yearly to the vendor 
 5s. 4d., and to the chantry of blessed Mary of Gateshead 123. of 
 silver. 
 
 May 1 6. 
 
 The abbot and his brethren of Newminster, near Morpeth, received 
 by deed, bearing this date, a grant of lands at Eachwick, from 
 William Thompson, merchant, Newcastle, and Agnes his wife. 
 
 November 6. 
 
 Roger Harding, Esquire, leases to William Hayrbread of New- 
 castle, baker, his tenement near the Quayside in Grype Chare. 
 
 TO
 
 FIFTEENTH CENTURY. 395 
 
 1490. 
 
 5 and 6 HENRY VII. 
 
 Bishop of Durham John Sherwood. 
 
 Mayor and SJieriff of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 
 George Carr, Mayor, and William Chambers, or Camboe, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff elected at Michaelmas : 
 
 Mayor Peter Bewick. 
 
 Arms as in 1477, but the crescent is azure. 
 
 Sheriff Thomas Morpeth. 
 
 Arms : Barry of twelve argent and gules, and a bordure azure, charged with 
 
 eight martlets or. 
 
 An original deed relating to Tynemouth Priory, dated 28th 
 January 1491 [see next year], contains the names of six aldermen, 
 besides the mayor and sheriff i.e. t " Peter Bewick, mayor of the town 
 of Newcastle-upon-Tyne ; Thomas Morpeth, sheriff of the same town ; 
 George Carr, Robert Chambers, Thomas Lockwood, George Bird, 
 Thomas Swan, and John Esyngton, aldermen." 
 
 Governor of the Merchants' Company Peter Bewick. 
 
 January 3. 
 
 |HE privilege of sanctuary was sought at Durham by 
 Alexander Taylerour, baker, of Newcastle, who in 
 presence of William Cawthorne, chancellor, " Sir " 
 George Cornforth, sacristan, Edward Pattinson, 
 William Sawfurth, and Hugh Wall, stated that on 
 Wednesday after the feast of the Epiphany, near the Cale Cross at 
 Newcastle, he feloniously struck one Thomas Smith (in self-defence, 
 as he asserted) with a certain weapon under the left breast, of which 
 the said Smith died the same day. 
 
 August I. 
 
 Date of a pardon to Sir Roger Hastings, knight, who without 
 license had alienated the manor and vill of Medomslcy to George 
 Carr, merchant and alderman, of Newcastle. 
 
 September 17. 
 
 Writ from the king to the sheriff of Newcastle to proclaim a conven- 
 tion between His Majesty and the kings of the Romans and Spain, 
 by which it was provided that if Charles the French king invade the
 
 396 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 two last named kingdoms, or either of them, or the territory of the 
 Duchess of Brittany, their ally, then the three kings are to make war 
 against Charles, by sea and land, to the best of their power. 
 
 November 26. 
 
 Conan Barton [husband or son of Joan Dolphanby of Gateshead], 
 with the consent of Robert, his son, conveys to Henry Bointon of 
 Sadbury, Esq., William Pudsey, rector of Bolton, Roland Pudsey, 
 Esq., Thomas Strangeways of Ketton, Esq., and Thomas Harbottle of 
 Ponteland, one close in the east part of Gateshead, called Abraham 
 Close. 
 
 Newcastle October fair St. Luke's appears to have been 
 established by grant from the king this year. Like many other 
 documents, the original deed has been lost or destroyed, but in Brand's 
 time the fact of the grant being made was recorded in a book of 
 inrolments belonging to the corporation. 
 
 In the appendix to the Life of Ambrose Barnes Mr. Longstaffe 
 prints in extenso a copy of the accounts of the churchwardens of 
 Gateshead for this year, in which occur the following items : Gifts of 
 linen cloth for vestments William Brown's wife, 7 yards ; Steven 
 Byrom's wife, 7 yards ; Richard Lyghton, an alb and chaulese 
 [chalice] ; St. John's Guild, 5 yards ; Robert Robson's' wife, 4 yards ; 
 John Richardson's wife, 2 yards ; Dame Sorelay, 2 yards ; the wives 
 
 of John Layton, Richard Bell, and Younger, and Margaret 
 
 Boroden, Isabel Tuggelk, Thomas Barnes, and Janet Benton, i yard 
 
 each ; Holme's wife, 2 yards ; Dame Esdale, 2 yards ; Alen 
 
 Hawdynettes wife, ^ yard ; Robert Simon, an alb to a child. 
 
 Received : for stalls John Davison, 6d. ; John Fornese, 4d. ; 
 Christian Thomson, 4d. ; Patrick Cramlington, 4d. ; John Scotton,4d. ; 
 William Barlay, 6d. ; William Cunningham, 4d. ; Richard Hall, 4d. ; 
 Robert Totherwick, 4d. ; Henry Sanderson, 4d. ; John Richardson, for 
 his daughter Katherine, 6d ; Thomas Carr, 6d. ; Thomas Wrangwis' 
 wife, 6d. ; John Langschafft, 6d. ; Margaret Hart, 3d. ; Robert 
 Burton, 6d. ; Thomas Rand, 4d. ; John Fresell, 4d. ; Ellen Rae, 4d. ; 
 William Dorram, 4d. Gathered in the kirke to a book, 5^d. ; Janet 
 Benton, to a book, 4d. ; Robert Robson, to the gilding of the cross, 
 I2d. ; gathered in the kirke to the gilding of the cross, 35. id.; 
 Alexander Featherstonhaugh, 33. 4d. ; burial of John Burrell, tailor, 
 35. 4d. ; John White, los. ; Robert Bell, at command of Mister Cook, 
 i6d. ; Robert Robson, cordiner, to the kirk work, 4d. ; William 
 Johnson, for Bensham meadow, 6d. ; Hugh Hodgson, 2od. and 200. ;
 
 FIFTEENTH CENTURY. 397 
 
 Margaret Burrell, for a throughstone, I2d. ; Robert Hodgson, 5d. ; 
 Thomas Harrison, I5d. ; Thomas Fairs, 6d. ; William Hollen, for 
 Whitsunday farm ... 35. 4d. ; Robert Robson, to the kirk work, 
 6s. 8d. ; burial of Robert Robson, 35. 4d.; for "a soke fon in the kirk," 
 2d. ; Ann Robinson, for her farm, 2d. 
 
 Expenses : For an old noble to Bartram Younghusband, 8s. rod. ; 
 " Sir " Thomas Huchonson, for a farthing of gold, 2s. 6d. ; William 
 Brown, for a quarter of an old noble, 2s. 2d. ; quicksilver to gild 
 with, I2d. ; oil to the lamp, 2d. ; gilding of the cross, 2od. ; sawyers, 
 for sawing, nd. and I2d. ; etc., etc. 
 
 At the back of the foregoing account are other items of expendi- 
 ture, but whether referring to the same, or a previous year, is not 
 certain. Amongst them are : Making a supplication, to Andrew 
 Wryter, to one person, 4d. ; painting the cross staff, 4d. ; hallowing of 
 the chalice and two corporals, 2s. ; carriage of the chalice and cruets, 
 8d. ; Richard Postell, for the star making, 6d. and the painting, id. ; 
 mending the lock of the steeple door, id. ; singing the Lady mass, 
 4Od. ; singing a dirge for the wife that gave the scarlet hood, i8d. ; 
 Andrew Writer, for a letter of attorney, 4d. ; sueing Alexander 
 Featherstonhaugh [donor of 33. 4d. above] in the town court, 3d. ; 
 ganging to Durham to " Sir " Edward Chapman, 2d. ; riding to 
 Durham for hallowing the vestments, 7d. ; a string to the little bell, 
 4d. ; Robert Postell, for a "qweyll" [quorle spindle?] to the little 
 bell, 6d. ; Robert Wilkinson, for making of necessaries to the 
 bells, 4d. 
 
 In the Rolls of Bishop Sherwood, fifth year of his episcopate 
 (1489-90), is a charter from Bertram Lumley and Margaret, his wife, to 
 William Camby of Newcastle, merchant, granting certain rents out of 
 tenements in Lamesley as security for payment of money, which 
 payment is further secured by a bond from Bertram Lumley, Robert 
 Cudbert, and Nicholas Turpyn, gentlemen, Thomas Gamylsby, John 
 Watson the elder of Farnacres, and Thomas Huchunson, chaplain of 
 Gateshead. In the same Rolls is a memorandum of surrender made 
 by Thomas Wakefield of Whickham, to George Bird of Newcastle, 
 merchant, of all right, etc., in a close at Whickham and a cottage at 
 Swalwell.
 
 TENTH DECADE 
 
 1491- 
 
 6 and 7 HENEY VII. 
 
 Bishop of Durham John Sherwood. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 
 Peter Bewick, Mayor, and Thomas Morpeth, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff elected at Michaelmas : 
 
 Mayor George Carr. 
 
 Sheriff Robert Harding. 
 
 Arms as in 1474, with the addition of a bordure engrailed argent. 
 
 January 28. 
 
 ATE of inspection and exemplification of a deed 
 by which the monks of Tynemouth, about the 
 year 1141, had given a grant of wheat to the 
 nunnery of St. Bartholomew in Newcastle. 
 Mr. W. S. Gibson, in his History of Tynemouth 
 Monastery ', translates the record of proceedings 
 as follows : " To all the sons of our holy mother 
 the church, to whose notice, etc., Peter Bewick, 
 mayor of the town of Newcastle ; Thomas Morpeth, sheriff of the 
 same town ; George Carr, Robert Chambers, Thomas Lockwood, 
 George Bird, Thomas Swan, and John Esyington, aldermen of the 
 town aforesaid, greeting in the Lord, and to these presents give 
 undoubted faith. Before us, sitting as a tribunal in the court of our 
 most dread lord, the king of England, it was earnestly besought on 
 behalf of the venerable lady, Joan Baxter, prioress of the nunnery of
 
 FIFTEENTH CENTURY. 399 
 
 St Bartholomew in Newcastle aforesaid, that we would deign to 
 notice two sealed deeds to wit, one grant, sealed by the prior and 
 convent of Tynemouth, with the seal of their chapter to wit, with 
 green wax, with the image of St. Oswin, and on the back thereof with 
 the image of St. Mary the Virgin, as to us evidently appeared, made 
 to the nuns of Newcastle of eight seams (London measure) of wheat 
 for their support, to be received every year for ever, from the granary 
 of Tynemouth, and another deed of confirmation thereof, etc., etc. 
 And inasmuch as the aforesaid lady, the prioress, stated to us that she 
 had not her writings and documents in duplicate, and that she was 
 compelled for the preservation and prosecution of the right of the 
 same prioress to present them in divers parts and provinces of the 
 world, etc., she prayed us, etc., to inspect the two original deeds 
 aforesaid, and by our authority to order that the same be exemplified, 
 subscribed, and reduced to public form by the notary public under- 
 written, so that the transcript thereof might have in matters of 
 business credence and authority, as the aforesaid original deeds. 
 [Original deeds quoted.] We, therefore, the mayor, etc., considering 
 that the petition and request of the said lady prioress is just and 
 consonant to reason, have handled, inspected, and carefully examined 
 the said two deeds, etc., in presence of the notary public, and of the 
 witnesses underwritten. And inasmuch as the said original deeds 
 are not erased, not abrogated, nor cancelled, nor in any way (so far as 
 they are concerned) vitiated, but are found, as to us and every of us 
 appeareth, free from all deception and deceit, etc., we have published, 
 etc., the two original deeds, etc. In witness, etc., these are given and 
 done at Newcastle, in the church of St. Nicholas, before us, the mayor, 
 etc., on the 28th January 1490, etc. ; present then and there the 
 discreet masters, Robert Johnson, William Stauper, and Thomas 
 Benton, chaplain, Robert Watson, and Robert Flayn, laymen of the 
 diocese of Durham, to these premises specially called and required." 
 
 June 26. 
 
 William Camby of Newcastle, merchant [sheriff in 1489?], conveys 
 to Christopher Thrylkeld and Joan, his wife, daughter and heir- 
 apparent of Lady Eleanor Percy, late wife of Ralph Percy, knight, 
 deceased, in their possession already being, all right in a waste place 
 upon which a burgage was lately built, as it lies in a street called 
 Sidgate, with [without ? ] the New Gate of the town of Newcastle ; 
 and in twelve ridges of land as they separately lie without the walls of 
 the town in the castle-field [Leazes] ; and in twenty-four ridges 
 without the said town in the W T elflatte, in Elswick-field ; and in all the 
 lands, etc., in Jesmond-field, lately in the tenure of John Yestr' ; and
 
 400 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 in a waste place upon which a burgage was lately built in Newcastle, 
 in the street called the Cloth Market. The Castle Leazes, Mr. 
 Longstaffe points out, were at this time private property, having been 
 granted to those burgesses who suffered by the making of the Castle 
 Moat. 
 
 1492. 
 
 7 and 8 HENRY VII. 
 Bishop of Durham John Sherwood. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 
 George Carr, Mayor, and Robert Harding, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff elected at Michaelmas : 
 
 Mayor George Carr. 
 
 Sheriff Bartram Younghusband. 
 
 Arms : Argent, on a bend sable, three griffin's heads erased or, on a chief azure 
 
 three plates. 
 
 Bourne names the sheriff Earth. Young. The Carr MS. gives 
 the full name as above. " Bartem Yonghosban' " occurs in Gates- 
 head churchwardens' accounts in 1490 ; and in a deed of 1521 a house 
 in the Broad Chare is mentioned as " late of Bartram Yonghusbandes." 
 
 'ARLIAMENT ordered a standard of weights and 
 measures to be kept in every city, town, and borough 
 that had a constable ; and Newcastle was one of them. 
 Three years later an act was passed which limited 
 the number of towns, etc., keeping a standard, and 
 
 Newcastle was appointed to serve for the whole of the county of 
 
 Northumberland. (See 1495.) 
 
 January 4. 
 
 Date assigned to the first appearance of the Trinity House of 
 Newcastle as a corporate body, when the brethren purchased of Ralph 
 Hebborn the site of their present house, for which the acknowledg- 
 ment of a red rose, if demanded, was to be paid yearly at midsummer 
 for ever. The property was previously known as Dalton Place, in the 
 Broad Chare.
 
 FIFTEENTH CENTURY. 4 oi 
 
 March 26. 
 
 The license given by the king in February 1489 to the merchant 
 guild of Newcastle to export wool freely to foreign parts, was on this 
 date made the subject of the following order : Henry, etc., To all 
 manner of officers, ministers, true liegemen and subjects, seeing these 
 our letters, greeting. Whereas we, for certain causes and considera- 
 tions us moving, gave and granted license, by our letters patent under 
 our great seal, unto the merchants inhabited within our town of 
 Newcastle-upon-Tyne, that they, by themselves or their factors, 
 servants and attorneys, during the space of six [seven ?] years next 
 and immediately ensuing, etc., should now provide and buy all manner 
 of wools and fells of the growing of the counties of Northumberland, 
 etc. (See 1489.) And the same by them bought to come unto the 
 port of our said town, there to ship and further to convey it into what 
 part or parts it shall best like them, paying unto us therefor our 
 customs, subsidies, and other duties as appertaineth. It is so, as we 
 be informed credibly, that by the great repair thither of strangers and 
 other our subjects, the said wools and fells be greatly bought, and 
 importunately engrossed and conveyed from thence into Scotland, 
 Ireland, and other countries, whereby our said customs be not only 
 diminished, but also great loss and hindrance hath grown unto our 
 said merchants and inhabitants of the country there, which we will 
 not suffer so to continue. Wherefore, we straightly command you, 
 and every of you, that during the space of four years next following 
 the date of these presents, ye suffer no manner of person or persons to 
 convey or carry any of the said wools and fells out of the counties, 
 bishoprick, and lordship aforesaid, but that ye see the same to be 
 reserved and kept for the said merchants, and such other our subjects 
 as will apply them to make cloth thereof within the country there. 
 And if any of our said subjects or other will presume to attempt 
 anything to the contrary hereof, we, upon your certificate made unto 
 us of the demeanour of the said person, shall so provide for his 
 sharp punition, as shall be example of all other hereafter like 
 offending. 
 
 May 21. 
 
 Secretary Bartolomeo Calcho, writing to Ludovico Sforza, Duke of 
 Bari, from Pavia, informs him that the host of " The Well " had that 
 day come to him, stating that there came to his hostelry, on the 
 previous day, an ambassador from the king of England, on his way to 
 Rome, who was to depart on the morrow. He called himself the 
 bishop of Durham [Bishop Sherwood], and had with him five and 
 twenty horses. [J. C.]
 
 402 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 May 27. 
 
 Confirmation by the king of a charter of Henry IV. regarding a 
 rent-charge in Newcastle granted to the monks of Fame Island. It 
 appears from this document that Edward I. had in his lifetime 
 verbally granted to the monks ten quarters of wheat and two barrels of 
 wine each year from the town of Newcastle ; and because they had no 
 written corroboration of it, his son, Edward II., instead of this wheat 
 and wine, gave them 13 marks and 10 shillings, to be paid every year 
 at the feast of St. Michael by the mayors and bailiffs of the town. 
 This gift of substitution was signed at Roxburgh, 3ist January 1315, 
 and was confirmed by Edward III. at Westminster, 2Oth February 
 1327, and afterwards by Henry IV. in the charter above mentioned. 
 
 Bishop Sherwood's Rolls, seventh of his pontificate, contain the 
 enrolment of a pardon to John [George ?] Carr of Newcastle, merchant, 
 for the acquisition of the manor of Medomsley from Roger Hastings, 
 son and heir of Edmund Hastings, knight, without license, and license 
 to hold the said manor. (See page 395.) 
 
 I493- 
 
 8 and 9 HENRY VII. 
 
 Bishop of Durham John Sherwood. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 
 George Carr, Mayor, and Bartram Younghusband, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff elected at Michaelmas ; 
 
 Mayor George Carr. 
 
 Bourne has " George Bird," and Brand copies him, but the 
 Carr MS. has proved so accurate hitherto, that, in the absence of 
 evidence either way, the MS. is preferred. 
 
 Sheriff Thomas Hardbread. 
 
 Arms : Argent, two bars and in chief three crosses crosslet gules. 
 Bourne prints the name " Harbreek." 
 
 NOTHER of the many truces with Scotland arranged in 
 this century was concluded at Edinburgh on the 25th 
 June. One of the conditions of it was, that proclama- 
 tion thereof should be made within eight days in all 
 places of note in the marches, from Edinburgh to New- 
 castle. The truce was for seven years, ending the last day of 
 April 1501.
 
 FIFTEENTH CENTURY. 
 
 403 
 
 June 1 6. 
 
 Richard Harding of Hollinside, near Axwell, Esquire, grants an 
 annuity of 403. and 4d. to William Baxter, out of his lands in Beadnell 
 and Burradon, and out of the tenement in Burton Chare belonging to 
 St. Loy's chantry in All Saint's Church, Newcastle. 
 
 August 24. 
 
 Sanctuary at Durham claimed by Robert Green, of South Shields, 
 because on the 1st August, in Newcastle, in a street called the Close, 
 on account of an assault made upon him by Robert Nicholson of 
 Winlaton, and several of his adherents, as he asserts, he struck the said 
 Robert Nicholson twice on the breast with a Scots-axe, and feloniously 
 wounded him ; of which injuries and wounds so inflicted the said 
 Robert Nicholson instantly died. For which felony he, the said 
 Robert Green, sought the immunity and liberty of St. Cuthbert, in 
 defence of his body and goods between the Tyne and Tees. Present : 
 "Sir" Robert Milner, master of Durham Grammar School; William 
 Hulet, valet and keeper of the prior's horses ; William and Thomas 
 Green, husbandmen of Wyvestow, witnesses to the premises. 
 
 Bourne supposes that in this year died Thomas Harelred, vicar of 
 Newcastle. The date of his appointment is unknown. He was 
 succeeded by John Deye, D.D., who occurs in the following year as 
 receiving from Humphrey Lisle the surrender of the advowson of 
 South Gosforth. 
 
 ANCIENT WINDOW IN ST. NICHOLAS SOUTH TRANSEPT.
 
 404 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 I494- 
 
 9 and 10 HENRY VII. 
 Bishop of Durham Richard Fox. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 George Carr, Mayor, and Thomas Hardbread, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff elected at Michaelmas : 
 
 Mayor George Bird. 
 
 Arms as in 1484, but no mullet or crescent. 
 
 Sheriff Thomas Green. 
 
 Arms : Argent, on a cross engrailed gules five crescents of the field ; on a chief 
 
 azure three bezants. 
 
 HE bishop of Durham died at Rome (see 2ist May 
 1492) on the nth of January, and was succeeded by 
 Richard Fox. On the day following his death the 
 Cardinal of Sienna, Francesco Todeschini Piccolomoni 
 (afterwards Pope Pius III.), informs Pope Alexander 
 VI. of the death of the bishop on the preceding evening, and begs him 
 not to settle or decide about the see until acquainted with the wishes 
 of Henry VII., the bishopric of Durham being of the greatest im- 
 portance to his majesty's realm. Henry's predecessor, Richard III., 
 was Sherwood's friend and patron ; and in the archives of Venice 
 there is a letter from the last of the Plantagenets to Pope Innocent 
 VIII., dated 1 5th October 1484, congratulating himself that the 
 church of God had been provided with so worthy a pastor, and 
 praying his holiness to raise " our ambassador in the court of Rome," 
 the bishop of Durham, to the cardinalate ; assuring him that during 
 his long residence there, of nearly nine years, he had always notified 
 to his brother Edward and himself whatever tended to maintain the 
 grandeur of the holy see. The honour, however, was not conferred ; 
 the Plantagenet line expired on Bosworth field ; the Tudors came in, 
 and Richard's favourite seems to have been the object of Henry's 
 suspicion. " Sherwood's name," says Surtees, " occurs in no com- 
 mission under Henry VII." He " retired to the Continent " after 
 his patron's fall, "and died at Rome" as above. "Immediately 
 Henry heard of his death, he seized not only on the temporalities of 
 the see, but on the prelate's private possessions." The purse of the 
 Tudor king was ever yawning for a confiscation. [J. C.]
 
 FIFTEENTH CENTURY. 405 
 
 February 15. 
 
 Date of letters patent from the king at Westminster, conferring 
 the office of constable of the castle of Newcastle, vacant by the death 
 of Sir Robert Moulton, knight, upon Roger Fcnvvick, esquire of the 
 king's body, to be held during his life, with wages and fees of 2O/. 
 a-year, to be received out of the issues, profits, and revenues of the 
 county of Northumberland. 
 
 March 20. 
 
 Agreement signed between Humphrey Lisle of South Gosforth, 
 and John Deye, doctor of theology and vicar of Newcastle, by which 
 the former undertook not to meddle with the church or chapel of 
 South Gosforth, nor to put forward any priest to administer the 
 sacraments, nor maintain any man to receive any manner of dues to 
 the church belonging, but peaceably suffer the vicar of Newcastle and 
 his deputies, servants, etc., to occupy, receive, and enjoy all manner 
 of rights there ; from which it may be inferred that Lisle had been 
 claiming the advowson, which for many generations was the inherit- 
 ance of his ancestors, and that by this deed he peaceably surrendered it. 
 
 1495- 
 
 10 and ii HENRY VII. 
 
 Bishop of Durham Richard Fox. 
 
 Mayer and Sheriff of Newcastle till Michaelmas: 
 
 George Bird, Mayor, and Thomas Green, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff elected at Michaelmas : 
 
 Mayor George Bird. 
 
 Sheriff Christopher Brigham. 
 Arms : Argent, a saltire engrailed vert ; in chief a mullet sable. 
 
 ARLIAMENT passed an amended Act for regulating 
 weights and measures, the previous Act of 1492 being 
 too comprehensive. The authorities in Newcastle were 
 ordered to keep a standard by which the weights and 
 
 measures in the county of Northumberland might be 
 
 rectified. The Act of 1487 for the sure keeping of the town and 
 castle of Berwick having expired, another statute was passed in aid of 
 Berwick, and Carlisle was included in it. The contribution out of 
 
 2?
 
 406 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 the customs of Newcastle towards the maintenance of the defences of 
 these two towns was fixed as before at 2357. per annum. 
 
 October 24. 
 
 Letters of fraternity granted by the prior and convent of Durham 
 to Agnes Rhodes [widow of Robert], "for your well-known deeds, 
 your gifts also, and precious presents conferred upon us." 
 
 December 16. 
 
 Sanctuary at Durham claimed by John Boner of Gateshead, 
 labourer, for that he, on Sunday before the feast of St. Peter ad 
 Vincula [August i], fourteen years before, near Doteland Park, in 
 Hexhamshire, assaulted one Alexander Stevenson, and with a dagger 
 called a whinyard feloniously struck him in the breast, of which stroke 
 the aforesaid Alexander instantly died ; for which felony the said 
 John Boner urgently sought the immunity and liberty of St. Cuthbert 
 and the church. Present these honest men : Stephen Byers, butcher, 
 Hugh Wall, and William Blyth, of Durham. 
 
 1496. 
 
 ii and 12 HENRY VII. 
 
 Bishop of Durham Richard Fox. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 
 George Bird, Mayor, and Christopher Brigham, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff elected at Michaelmas : 
 
 Mayor George Bird. 
 Sheriff William Hayning. 
 
 Arms : Azure, a horse's head erased argent, charged with a mullet sable ; 
 on a chief of the second three mullets of the third. 
 
 February 19. 
 
 'ANDATE from the bishop of Durham to William 
 Baker, parochial chaplain of St. Mary's, Gateshead, to 
 induct "Sir" John Turpyne to the chantry of St. 
 Mary there, vacant by the death of " Sir " John Bell. 
 June 14. " Sir " Robert Best, chaplain, was admitted 
 
 by the bishop to the chantry of St. John, in the same church, on 
 
 the presentation of Conan Barton, the patron.
 
 FIFTEENTH CENTURY. 407 
 
 March n. 
 
 Ordained priests by title of the hospital of St. Michael, at the 
 Wall Knoll, Newcastle, Stephen Sheraton and Cuthbert Yonge. 
 
 1497. 
 
 12 and 13 HENRY VII. 
 Bishop of Durham Richard Fox. 
 
 Mayor and SJuriff of Newcastle till MicJiaelmas : 
 
 George Bird, Mayor, and William Hayning, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff elected at Michaelmas : 
 
 Mayor Robert Harding. 
 
 Arms as in 1491. 
 
 Sheriff William Davell. 
 
 Arms : Or, two bars sable. 
 
 March 23. 
 
 RDINATIONS : By title of the Grey Friars in New- 
 castle, Thomas Baxter, priest ; John Cook, John Esby, 
 and William Hudson, sub-deacons ; John and Francis 
 Macklin, acolytes. By title of the White Friars, 
 Robert Benton, priest. September 23. By title of the 
 hospital of St. Michael, Wall Knoll, Robert Wales, priest. 
 
 July 5. 
 
 The king writes to the Bishop of Durham, " keeper of our privy 
 seal," instructions for the appeasing of " such questions and debates as 
 resteth betwixt us and our cousin the king of Scots." Among other 
 things the bishop is to demand the surrender of Perkin Warbeck ; but 
 if the king of Scots will not deliver him up, then an embassy may be 
 sent to England, and a personal interview arranged. " That is to say, 
 that it may like our said cousin first to send his solemn ambassate 
 unto us ; and also, the same our cousin to come in person unto our 
 town of Newcastle, and further within this our realm ; where we may 
 meet, commune, and conclude with him for the observing of the 
 said peace," etc.
 
 4 o8 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 In the fifth year of the pontificate of Bishop Fox a pardon was 
 enrolled for all alienations or purchases of lands made by George Carr 
 of Newcastle, merchant, or any of his ancestors, and for entry upon 
 the same without due suit of livery. 
 
 1498. 
 
 13 and 14 HENRY VII. 
 
 Bishop of Durham Richard Fox. 
 
 Mayor and Slieriff of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 
 Robert Harding, Mayor, and William Davell, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff elected at Michaelmas : 
 
 Mayor George Carr. 
 
 Sheriff John Penrith. 
 
 Arms as in 1453, but the crescent sabb 
 
 January 13. 
 
 ATE of a conveyance from Thomas Scott, master of 
 the chapel of St. Thomas the Martyr on Tyne Bridge, 
 of a tenement in the Side, Newcastle, to John Bewick, 
 merchant. 
 
 April 8. 
 
 In the will of Sir Richard York, knight and alderman of York, 
 signed this day and proved on the I7th July, is a bequest to his son 
 Richard of lands in Newcastle, Berwick, etc. From Sir Richard's son 
 John descended the present family of York of Beverley. 
 
 May 22. 
 
 License granted to John Galilee, chaplain of the chantry of St. 
 Loy, or Elgy, in St. Nicholas' Church, Newcastle, to take annual 
 service for three years, on account of the lowness of the revenues of 
 his chantry. The annual income of this chantry, founded by Robert 
 Castle, amounted to 4/. ios., arising from tenements in the Close, 
 Westgate, and a little field situated without the Westgate, called 
 Goose Green Close. Robert Castle was one of the bailiffs in 1338-9.
 
 FIFTEENTH CENTURY. 
 
 409 
 
 1499- 
 
 14 and 15 HENRY VII. 
 Bishop of Durham Richard Fox. 
 
 filayor and Sheriff of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 George Carr, Mayor, and John Penrith, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and SJieriff elected at Michaelmas : 
 
 Mayor Robert Brigham. 
 
 Arms as in 1486, but the crescent gules. 
 
 Sheriff John Snow. 
 
 Arms : Argent, three torteaux, in fess a crescent sable. 
 
 EFORE this year, but the exact period has not been 
 ascertained, William Fell had succeeded John Deye, 
 D.D., as vicar of Newcastle. Brand quotes from 
 Bishop Fox's Register, under date 1499, a monition to 
 Fell to reside in his vicarage. " Sir " Thomas Arthur 
 ,-as curate of St. Nicholas' on the 8th of October in this year. 
 
 The bishop of Durham went to Melrose to meet King James of 
 Scotland, when the latter proposed a matrimonial alliance between 
 himself and Margaret, daughter of King Henry, as a means of 
 establishing a sure and perpetual peace between the two kingdoms. 
 This marriage was solemnised in 1503, and the reception of the 
 princess in Newcastle, when she passed through the town on her way 
 to Scotland, as described by the Somerset herald \vho accompanied 
 her, forms an interesting picture of local life. 
 
 I':SC!XA IX THE C'RYIT OK ST. N.CIIOLAS.
 
 410 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 1500. 
 
 15 and 1 6 HENRY VII. 
 Bishop of Durham Richard Fox, 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff of Newcastle till Michaelmas : 
 
 Robert Brigham, Mayor, and John Snow, Sheriff. 
 
 Mayor and Sheriff elected at Michaelmas : 
 
 Mayor George Carr. 
 Sheriff William [or Thomas] Riddell. 
 
 Arms : Gules a lion rampant within a bordure indented argent. 
 
 January 10. 
 
 ETTERS of fraternity issued by Thomas Castell, prior, 
 and the monks of Durham, to William Richardson of 
 Newcastle, merchant, and Christiana his wife. Bourne 
 (page 219) prints the letters, but names the wife Jane. 
 No special benefaction from Richardson is recited, but 
 the monks grant the letters on the usual ground, that "the inward 
 devotion and unaffected sincerity of heart which, towards the glorious 
 Confessor, St. Cuthbert, our patron, and towards us and our monastery 
 of Durham, you have entertained and do possess, incite and induce 
 us to offer you our returns of gratitude ; wherefore, by these presents, 
 we admit you to be a spiritual brother and sister of our chapter of 
 Durham, and as far as in us lies, with the divine assistance, we 
 concede to you special participation in all masses, vigils, fasts, prayers, 
 sermons, divine offices, and other works of piety . . . and when from 
 this life you shall be called by death, and this fact shall be certainly 
 intimated to us. we shall offer up for you every year, in perpetuity, 
 the customary suffrages of prayer, as hath been done for other 
 defunct brethren and sisters." 
 
 May 13. 
 
 William Heron of Ford, Esq., gives to his brother Henry all his 
 lands and tenements in North Gosforth, Little Benton, and other 
 places in Northumberland, and a close without the walls of the town 
 of Newcastle, called Wellflatt, and pasture, called Whickham Meadow, 
 in the bishopric of Durham. 
 
 September 16. 
 
 George Carr, merchant, of Newcastle [qy., the mayor of the period], 
 appears to have made his will on this date, leaving property for the
 
 FIFTEENTH CENTURY. 411 
 
 sustentation of the second chantry of Our Lady in St Nicholas' 
 church. Brand quotes from the survey of chantries at the suppression 
 a statement that the value of this chantry was io6/. 8s., " to be paid 
 yearly by the heirs of George Carr, founder of the said chantry, out of 
 the manors of Irby, Medomsley, and Evington, in the county of York 
 and the bishopric of Durham, by way of a rent-charge, as by a 
 feoffment thereof made, and a will declared upon the same, bearing 
 date the i6th day of September (16 Henry VIL), remaining at 
 present in the custody of Henry Whitereason, Esquire, to the king's 
 majesty's use and behoof, is specified and declared, to the finding of a 
 chantry priest," etc. 
 
 The name of Carr* was sufficiently common in Newcastle in the 
 fifteenth century to make it impossible to unite together the 
 various individuals, or to connect them with other families in the 
 northern counties. In 1410-11 Sir Robert Ogle, knight, left his lands 
 in Heaton, near Newcastle, to William Karre for life (Surtees Society, 
 Wills : vol. i. p. 48). In 1441, in a de banco entry (Easter 19 H. VI. 
 m. 295 d.), Robert Karre appears by his attorney, in a plea of debt at 
 Newcastle ; and, ibidem, m. 296 d., so also does Edmund Carre. In 1445 
 Edward Carre of Newcastle, gentleman, is concerned with four other 
 Carres of different places in Northumberland, in a feud with George 
 Burrell at Carham (De banco Mich. 30, H. VI. m. 280 d). In 1436-7 
 John Carr, of the town of Nevvcastle-on-Tyne, is bound to John 
 ffemvyk of Neuborne, and to John ffenwyk his son, for 2O/. 
 (Dodsworth MSS., Bodleian, vol. xliv., p. 42). Connected with this may 
 be the notice in early Chancery proceedings, tern. Edward IV. or 
 Henry VIL, which relates to William Carre, heir to John ffenwyk. 
 It appears that John ffenwyk, feoffee of Woodwards of Colbrook, had 
 a sister Elyn, his heiress, married to Alayn Karre, and that their son, 
 William Carre, was " cosyn and heir to John ffenwyk." And in the 
 same (new numbering, Bundle 48, between 1475 and 1485), " William 
 Carre, your daily oratour," is " son of Aleyn Carre, and executor 
 of the testament of the said Aleyn Carre." Mention is made 
 also of George Carre, captain of one of Aleyn's ships at 
 Brudgys in Fflaunders. Alan Carr of Newcastle was sheriff 
 1451-2. (See page 325.) In 1450 he appears among other creditors 
 to the priory of Finchale (Surtees : cclxiv). In 1 506 Robert Melot 
 and his wife Elizabeth, executrix of the testament of Edward Carre, 
 late of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, cordwener, appear as plaintiffs against 
 the heirs of Alan Carre, late of the same town, merchant, in a plea of 
 debt. 
 
 * For these notes on the name of Carr the editor is indebted to the Rev. 
 T. W. Carr of Eshott Heugh.
 
 4 i2 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 The coat of arms of George Carr, the mayor, is interesting. That 
 which appears in the engraving of shields upon his tomb, in Brand's 
 History (vol. i., 277), is not quite the same as the coat entered in 
 Harvey's Visitation, 1552 (E. 6, Coll. of Arms). The latter has the 
 addition of a third chough, and of an annulet on the bend. Nor is 
 the coat of his wife Margaret Bird in Brand's engraving, three birds, the 
 same as that in the Carr MS. (See p. 322.) The tomb must have 
 been made very early in the sixteenth century. His wife's name 
 occurs Inq. p.m. Court of Wards : Bundle 30, No. 49. 
 
 George Carr was contemporary with Robert Carr, Esquire of the 
 body to Edward IV. and Henry VII., and gentleman porter of 
 Berwick, 1488. Now Robert Carr's arms can be gathered from his 
 brother James Carr's shield in the church of Thornton in Craven, 
 1510 ; and Sir John Carr's coat, son of the said Robert, which is in 
 MS. I. 2. Coll. of Arms, gules on a chevron argent three estoiles sable, 
 crescent for difference ( Vide Genealogist, vol. iii. 198-200, and iv. 169). 
 It is not, therefore, likely that George Carr, carrying a coat so different, 
 could have been a near relation of Robert Carr, or of the Carrs of 
 Hetton. But the Carr coat does not seem to have been well fixed 
 before 1500, so this would not be quite certain, especially as the 
 fashion of canting arms may have suggested the choughs or crows as 
 an appropriate bearing. But if this were so, whence comes the lion's 
 head erased in the bend, and whence the annulet, carried also on 
 the shield by James Carr in 1510, and on the antlers of a hart's 
 head, which is the badge of Sir John Carr in 1515, and forms the 
 crest of the Carrs of Hetton in 1552? On these may it not be 
 the Clifford badge ? 
 
 There was a family of Carrs of Tewkesbury (Visitation 1623), Harl. 
 MSS., 1543, said to descend from "Christopher Carr of Newcastle- 
 upon-Tyne, where his monument is extant." His great grandson 
 John Carr is stated to be set. thirty-six in 1623. The coat in this 
 Visitation retains the annulet on the bend, not found in later coats of 
 Carr of Newcastle than 1552, but has leopards' faces instead of lion 
 heads erased. 
 
 The earlier entries in Visitations are uncertain. In Dugdale, 1666, 
 the Carrs of Cocken put George Carr the mayor's date as 1400, and 
 attempted no descent from it ; and the pedigree of Carre of St. 
 Helen Aukland makes Humphrey Carre son of his son-in-law, 
 John Carre of Wark, and places both at Ford Castle ! A pedigree 
 entered in 1623, in Gloucestershire, referring to the tomb of 
 Christopher Carr, must be received with caution. There was, 
 however, a Christopher Carr of Sherburn House, merchant, about 
 1544 (Appendix I, 37th Report of D. Keeper, p. 20 Calendar
 
 FIFTEENTH CENTURY. 
 
 of Rolls of Bp. Tunstall), and the reference may have been to 
 him. Nicholas was a name in two generations with the Tewkes- 
 bury Carrs, and there is a will at Durham of Nicholas Carr of 
 Newcastle, tanner, i6th October 1645. 
 
 Another family, contemporary with, at all events, the latter part of 
 the life of George Carr, the mayor, is found in 1559, from the will of 
 Humphrey Carr of Newcastle, yeoman, who, as will be seen hereafter, 
 desires to be buried in the church of St. Andrew, beside the bones 
 of his father and mother. He mentions his married sisters, Allison 
 Stampe and Ellinor Ollever, his brother Robert, and Margaret and 
 Christopher, children of his brother William Carr. He also mentions 
 Cuthbert and Margaret Carr, children of his daughter Isabella, wife of 
 John Carr, Captain of Wark. Cuthbert was the ancestor of the Carrs 
 of St. Helen Auckland. 
 
 These scattered notices will prove that it is impossible to bring 
 even the Newcastle Carrs of the fifteenth century into one stock, except 
 on assumptions more or less uncertain. 
 
 September 26. 
 
 Joanna Lavvson, prioress, and the convent of St. Bartholomew in 
 Newcastle, grant to Percival Lambton, for his life, a burgage or waste 
 of theirs in the street called Southgate, near the Cross, Hartlepool, at 
 a yearly rent of I2d. This was probably the property which in King 
 John's reign (1199-1216), was bequeathed to this convent by 
 Marmaduke Tueng and Margaret, his wife, for the singular purpose 
 of purchasing smocks or chemises (cammisias) for the nuns. 
 
 Memorandum enrolled at Durham of a judgment by the bishop's 
 chancellor in a controversy between John Spens of Newcastle, 
 merchant, complainant, and Thomas Taillour of South Shields, and 
 William Denand, defendants, respecting the third part of a ship, 
 called Cuthbert, of South Shields.
 
 THE OLD CHURCH OF ALL SAINTS'.
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 I. Mayors, Bailiffs, and Sheriffs of Newcastle, 
 From 1251 to 1500. 
 
 HE name of the first mayor of Newcastle, in the 
 ordinary meaning of that term, has not come down 
 to us. It is usually stated that he was appointed in 
 1251. Yet the only grant of that year was one 
 enabling the burgesses to appoint coroners ; and while, 
 on the one hand, we find a document of the 28th Hen. 
 III. (1243-44) addressed " Maiori Novi Castri super 
 Tynam," we know, on the other hand, that as late as 
 the year 1300 the principal officer of the municipality 
 wrote himsolf down "Chief Bailiff." 
 
 Some light may be thrown upon a confessedly difficult subject by the cir- 
 cumstance that in 1281 the commonalty of the town had removed Hugh de 
 Merchinleigh, the bailiff who acted for the king's profit, in contempt of the 
 king. They explained that he was none of the commonalty, whereupon he 
 was removed, because he procured murage against them. This reminds one 
 of the " mayor or bailiff" of Hinckley, " who must necessarily be an inhabi- 
 tant residing within the borough," and is sworn in at the court leet of some 
 nominal lords of the manor, which has dwindled down in practice to a 
 yearly dinner. The mimic mayor of Warkworth, who no doubt represents 
 some officer of the old or the new borough there, is a similar instance. The 
 relative, and apparently changing rights of lords and burgesses, even 
 though the latter might hold by a fee-farm rent, are matters of great interest 
 for minute investigation. 
 
 Merewether and Stephens, in the History of Boroughs, state that " the 
 principal officer of the king is the Pnepositus : in the Saxon language called 
 Reeve, in the Norman, Bailiff, Provost, and Maire ; all in effect meaning the same 
 office, notwithstanding so much importance has in some places been attributed
 
 416 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 to the appellation of mayor, as if that term were peculiarly applicable to 
 corporate offices, whereas it only described the usual functionary of the 
 crown, appointed originally by the king to collect his dues ; but as such 
 persons were found guilty of great oppressions, the people of favoured places 
 obtained charters, sometimes upon the payment of considerable sums of 
 money, for the right of electing one of themselves to fill that office a 
 privilege which the king, possessing for his own advantage, could legally 
 grant to others." When the burgesses of Newcastle acquired that right 
 is not certainly known, but in 1290 they were summoned to show in 
 the Exchequer by what authority they exercised it, indicating that, lawfully 
 or unlawfully, they had used the privilege. However that may have been, 
 the first mention of the name of the chief officer in connection with the title 
 of mayor occurs in 1251, when Peter Scott occupied the post. Local 
 historians have accepted chief bailiff Peter Scott as the first Mayor of 
 Newcastle, and the roll of his successors being fairly complete, while 
 little is known of his predecessors, it is as well to accept the position, and 
 begin our enumeration in accordance with tradition. 
 
 The names of the Mayors, Bailiffs, and Sheriffs in this volume, as already 
 explained, were derived from the schedules of Bourne and Brand, supple- 
 mented by local muniments, and corrected, as far as it goes, by the document 
 which, from the name of a former owner, has for some time been known as 
 the Carr MS.; although it should more properly be termed the Robinson MS., 
 from the name of its compiler. On page 291 it is shown that the accuracy 
 of the Carr MS. has received substantial confirmation from a variety of 
 sources; and that, from 1432 downwards, we know with reasonable certainty 
 the names of the burgesses who filled the highest municipal offices in the 
 town. As we recede from that year difficulties of identity increase ; and the 
 rolls contain blanks and doubtful repetitions, into which the unimpeachable 
 evidence of legal documents introduces confusion and contradiction. 
 
 In the absence of official papers, the historian naturally resorts to family 
 records, which are frequently incomplete, and when complete may be im- 
 perfect. Bourne probably made up his List from local codices of that 
 character, doing his best with the names and elates they afforded him. 
 Brand explains, in a note to page 393 of his second volume, that he 
 collated Bourne's List with " other MS. accounts ; " and thus it is pretty 
 clear that the sources of information respecting the earlier magnates of 
 Newcastle were records kept with more or less accuracy by local families. 
 
 While the closing pages of this book were passing through the press, 
 Mr. Longstaffe called attention to a manuscript volume of the character above 
 mentioned, which he had borrowed from William Adamson, Esq. of Culler- 
 coats. It contains a roll of the municipal officers, vicars, benefactors, etc., of 
 the town, and is headed, " The Names of the severall Mayors, Bailiffs, & 
 Sheriffs of the Town & County of Newcastle-upon-Tyne since y e year of our 
 Lord 1251, in the 36th Year of the Reign of K Henry the 3rd." These 
 occupy the right hand pages, and on the left are a series of "Remarkable 
 Passages," or items of local interest, and emendations of the list ; the latter
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 affording evidence that the compiler had seen other schedules and taken a 
 note of differences. With the year 1739 the hand of the compiler dis- 
 appears ; mayor and sheriff for three succeeding years are entered on the 
 wrong side of the page by another person, and then the entries, so far as 
 they relnte to the municipality, come to an end. 
 
 It seemed desirable to collate this codex with the lists previously 
 enumerated, and Mr. Adamson's permission having been, obtained, the 
 document appears in the following comparative statement under the name of 
 the Adamson MS. Where emendations occur the figures 1 and 2 are 
 introduced ; figure 1 indicating the original compilation, and figure 2 the 
 alterations on the left hand page. 
 
 Down to the opening years of the fifteenth century the Adamson MS. 
 agrees rather with Brand's List than with that of Bourne ; though this may 
 indicate no more than that Brand had access to it among his "other MS. 
 accounts," and adopted some of its substitutions. The document certainly 
 goes to show that the overlapping of mayors and sheriffs, described on 
 page 291, occurred in 1420 twelve years before the Carr MS. commences ; 
 of which overlapping it is to be observed that Brand takes no note, although 
 one would suppose he must have seen it in some of the accounts he collated, 
 or have suspected it, from the evidence of the deeds quoted in his pages, 
 which confirm it. From 1432 the Adamson MS., as amended by the entries 
 on the left hand page (No. 2), corroborate the Carr MS. with just those little 
 variations of spelling, etc., which serve to show that the one is not derived 
 from the other. 
 
 The ancient day of election in Newcastle was the first Monday after the 
 feast of St. Michael Michaelmas Monday. In the following lists the official 
 year commences on that day, and extends to the Michaelmas Monday of the 
 succeeding year. 
 
 MAYORS. 
 
 BOURNE. 
 
 BAILIFFS. 
 
 BRAND. 
 
 ADAMSON MS. 
 
 1251 
 
 . io o^v.x , 
 
 | Peter Scott (Br., Ad.)" 
 
 11. Hen. de Karle 
 2. Steph. de Lindesey 
 
 3. Tho. de Merchingle 
 4. Robt. de Galesmith 
 
 Henry de Karle 
 Stephen de Lindesey 
 
 Thomas de Merchingle 
 Robert de Galesmith 
 
 Hen. of Carle 
 f Step, of Lonsey (1) 
 \ Ste. of Londsey (2) 
 Thos. d' Merchingle 
 Rob. d' Galesmith 
 
 1252 
 
 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 1253 
 
 The same 
 
 ' 1. Henry de Karle 
 2. Ro 'er de Finctor 
 3. Tho. de Karla 
 
 Henry de Karle 
 Roger le Dyer 
 Thomas de Karle 
 
 Henry de Karle 
 ROJ:. de Tinctor 
 Thos. d' Karle 
 
 
 
 k 4. Adam Clircus 
 
 Adam Clerk 
 
 Ada. Clericus 
 
 f 1. Robert ile Walettis 
 
 Rol>crt le Valet 
 
 Rob. d' Valetus 
 
 1254 
 
 Hen. Carleiol 
 
 2. Nich' de Wainfonl 
 3. Tho. de Carleol 
 
 Nicholas de \Vainford 
 Thomas de Carleol 
 
 Nic. d' Waiuford 
 Thos. d' Carliolo 
 
 ^ 4. . Nicholas Scott 
 
 Nicholas Scott 
 
 Nic, Scott 
 
 ** Bo. Bourne. 
 
 Br. Brand. 
 
 Ad. Adamson IIS.
 
 4i8 
 
 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 MAYORS. 
 
 
 BAILIFFS. 
 
 
 
 BOURNE. 
 
 BRAND. 
 
 ADAMSON MS. 
 
 
 f 1. Richard de Layhaye 
 
 Richard de la Haye 
 
 Rich, d' Layhay 
 
 
 | 2. Tho. de Karle, Jun'. 
 
 Thomas de Karle, junior 
 
 Thos. d' Karle, Junr. 
 
 1255 The same 
 
 " 3. Barthol' Clircus 
 
 Bartholomew Clerk 
 
 Earth. Clericus 
 
 
 ^4. Walter de Ponte 
 
 Walter de Ponte 
 
 Waltr. d' Poute 
 
 1256 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 
 f 1. Nich. Scott 
 
 Nicholas Scot 
 
 Nich. Scott 
 
 1257* The same 
 
 2. Tho. de Murchingle 
 i 3. Adam Clircus 
 
 Thomas de Merchingle 
 Adam Clerk 
 
 Tho. d' Merchingle 
 Ada, Clericus 
 
 
 1^4. Johan Sant 
 
 John Sant 
 
 John Sant 
 
 1258 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 
 f 1. Tho. de Karle 
 
 Thomas de Karle 
 
 Tho. d' Carle 
 
 1259 The same 
 
 2. Ada. de Blagedene 
 3. Joan Withowle 
 
 Adam de Blagedon 
 John Witherold 
 
 Ada. d' Blackdene 
 John Witherold 
 
 
 i^4. John Sant 
 
 John Sant 
 
 John Sant 
 
 1260 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 1261 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 
 fl. Ada. Clircus 
 
 Adam Clerk 
 
 Ad. Clericus 
 
 
 I 2. Nich. Scott 
 
 Nicholas Scott 
 
 Nich. Scoto 
 
 1262 The same 
 
 3. Ada. Blagedene 
 
 Adam de Blageden 
 
 Ad. d' Blackdene 
 
 
 (_4 William Tunock 
 
 Blank 
 
 Wills. Tunock 
 
 1263 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 
 r l. Rob. Mitford 
 
 Robert Mitford 
 
 Rob. Mitford 
 
 -,001 ( Tho. Carleol (Bo.) ... 
 
 2. Hen. de Scott 
 
 Henry le Scott 
 
 Hen. d' Scott 
 
 ( Thomas Carleiol (Br.) 
 
 3. Joannes de Flemming 
 
 John le Fleming 
 
 John d' Flee.mying 
 
 
 ^4. Hen. de Burneton 
 
 Henry de Burneton 
 
 Hen. d' Burneten 
 
 1265 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 1266 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 fl. Joan. FiliusRogeri 
 
 John Rogerson 
 
 Johes filius Rog'i 
 
 1267 The same - 
 
 2. Hen. Scot 
 3. John Flemming 
 
 Henry Scott 
 John le Fleming 
 
 Hen. Scott 
 John Fleeming 
 
 ^4. Hen. de Burton 
 
 Henry de Burneton 
 
 Hen. d' Burton 
 
 1268 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 "Nich. Scott (Bo.) ..." 
 
 
 
 
 Nichs. Scott, Capitall 
 
 
 
 
 Balivus (Ad.) ... 
 
 
 
 
 ' ' capitalis balivus, " 
 
 1. Hen. de Karle 
 
 Henry de Karle 
 
 Hen. d' Karleo 
 
 j 2G9 J < Br -> 
 
 2. Tho. de Karle 
 
 Thomas de Karle 
 
 Thos. d' Carle 
 
 (Thomas Karleol, 
 
 3. Ada. de Blagedene 
 
 Adam de Blageden 
 
 Ada. d' Blackdene 
 
 mayor, feast of St. 
 
 4. Tho. de Karle, Jun. 
 
 Thomas de Karle, junior 
 
 Thos. d' Karle 
 
 John Baptist (24th 
 
 
 
 
 June) 1270, Surtees 
 
 
 
 
 ^ Soc., vol. Ixxiv. 
 
 
 
 
 1270 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 | 
 
 1. Hug. de Merchingle 
 
 Hugh de Merchingle 
 
 Hugo d' Merchingle 
 
 
 2. Tho. de Karle, Jun. 
 
 Thomas de Karle, junior 
 
 Tho. d' Karle, Junr. 
 
 1271 Tho. de Karle 
 
 3. Robert de Lindsay 
 
 Robert de Lindsay 
 
 Rob. d' Lindsay 
 
 1 
 
 _4. Blank 
 
 Blank 
 
 Blank 
 
 1272 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 * Another list quoted by Bourne on page 31 of his History has Henry de 
 
 Carliol, mayor, and Adam 
 
 Clericus, Thomas de Carliol, John Flemmynge, and John Saute, bailiffs. 
 
 ** Bo. Bourne. 
 
 Br. Brand. 
 
 Ad. Adamson M3.
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 419 
 
 MAYORS. 
 
 BAILIFFS. 
 
 
 BOURNE. 
 
 BRAND. 
 
 ADAMSON MS. 
 
 f 1. Hugo de Merchingle 
 
 Hugo de Merchingle 
 
 Hugo d" Merchigle 
 
 .. f Thos.d'Cariola(Ad.)j * <*- *****'. 
 12 ' 3 { The same (Bo. & Br.) j 3 " Hen ' de Bumeton 
 4. Hob. de Lindisay 
 
 Thomas de Karle, Jun. 
 Henry de Burneton 
 
 Robert de Lindesey 
 
 Thos. d- Karle 
 Hen. d' Burneton 
 \ Rog. d' Lindsley (1) 
 I Ro. d' Lindsay (2) 
 
 fl. John de Flemming 
 
 John le Fleming 
 
 John d' Fleming 
 
 1274 The same 2> A<L d Bla * edene 
 
 Adam de Blageden 
 
 Ad. d' Blacdene 
 
 ' 1 3. Jo. Santmarays 
 
 John Santmarays 
 
 John Santemarays 
 
 (.4. Rich, de Lay-hay 
 
 Richard de la Hay 
 
 Riehd. d' Layhay 
 
 Joan filius Rogeri 
 
 
 
 
 (Bo.) 
 
 1. Rob. de Mitford 
 
 Robert de Mitford 
 
 Ro. d' Mitford 
 
 \ m ** f *t * * * 
 
 1275 John Rogerson (Br.) 
 Johes filius Rog'i. 
 
 2. Joan de Darnton 
 3. Blank 
 
 John de Darton 
 Blank 
 
 John d' Darneton 
 Blank 
 
 (Ad.) 
 
 4. Blank 
 
 Blank 
 
 Blank 
 
 {Tho. de Carliolo (Bo.U 1. Joan, fil Rog. 
 
 John Rogerson 
 
 Jno. Filius Rog'i 
 
 Thomas de Carleol (2. Blank 
 
 John Torrand 
 
 Jno. Torrand 
 
 (Br.) '"S. Henricus Scott 
 
 Henry Scott 
 
 Hen. Scott 
 
 Thos.d'Cariola(Ad.)J 4. Blank 
 
 Blank 
 
 Blank 
 
 
 fi TIT:II:., 
 
 William Francays 
 
 Willm. Francays 
 
 
 1 2. Hen. Scot 
 
 Henry Scot 
 
 Hen. Scott 
 
 1277 Tho. Karle j 3 Tho de Karle> Jun 
 
 . Thomas de Karle, Jun. 
 
 Thos. d' Karle, Juii. 
 
 [i. Blank 
 
 Blank 
 
 Blank 
 
 (Joan filius Rog. (Bo.)"| 1. Hug. de Merchingle 
 
 Hugh de Merchingle 
 
 Hugo d' Merchingle 
 
 John Rogerson (Br.) [2. Joannes leFlemming 
 
 John le Fleming 
 
 Jno. Fleming 
 
 Joh'es filius Rog'i f 3. Ro. de Lindesey 
 
 Robert de Lindesay 
 
 Rog. d' Lindsay 
 
 (Ad.) j 4. Blank 
 
 Blank 
 
 Blank 
 
 fl. Rich, de Hay 
 
 Richard de Hay 
 
 Rich, d' Hay 
 
 ' 2. Hugo de Merchingle 
 
 Hugh de Merchingle 
 
 Hugo d' Merchingle 
 
 1279 Tho. de Karle ... - 3 Hen de Burneton 
 
 Henry de Burneton 
 
 Hen. d' Burneton 
 
 ^4. Rich. til. Rogeri 
 
 Richard Rogerson 
 
 Rich, filius Rogeri 
 
 'John fil. Rogeri (Bo.)") 1. Rich, de Lay -hay 
 
 Richard de la Hay 
 
 Rich, d' le Hay 
 
 John Rogerson (Br.) 1 2. Joan Flemmyng 
 
 John Fleming 
 
 John Fleming 
 
 Joh'es tils. Rog'i, [3. Hen. de Burneton 
 
 Henry de Burneton 
 
 Henry d' Burneton 
 
 miles (Ad.) ... J 4. Joan Gadrick 
 
 John Gadrick 
 
 Jno. Godrick 
 
 Joan. fil. Rog. miles 
 
 
 
 (Bo.) 
 
 1. Robt. de Mitforde 
 
 Robert de Mitforde 
 
 Ro. d' Mittford 
 
 John Rogerson, 
 
 2. Robt. de Lindsey 
 
 Robert de Liudsey 
 
 Ro. d' Lindsay 
 
 knight (Br.) 
 
 "3. Rich. fil. Rogeri 
 
 Richard Rogerson 
 
 Rich, filius Rogeri 
 
 Joh'es fils Rogi 
 
 4. Johan. le Scot 
 
 John le Scot 
 
 Jno. le Ebchott 
 
 miles (Ad.) 
 
 
 
 
 ( I. Jo. de Blamarge 
 
 John de Blamarge 
 
 John Blamarge 
 
 2. Adam de Pampdon 
 
 Adam de Pampdon 
 
 Ada. d' Pampden 
 
 1232 Robert Mitford ... -, 3 Joan de Liudsaye 
 
 John de Lindesay 
 
 Jno. d' Lindsay 
 
 [ 4. Joan le Scot 
 
 John le Scot 
 
 Jno. d' Scott 
 
 (W. de Hawkwell- 
 
 
 
 
 (Bo.) 
 
 
 
 
 William de Hawk- 
 
 1. Tho. de Witham 
 
 Thomas de Witham 
 
 Thos. de Wicham 
 
 well, with the style 
 I'JS-S-, of " custos villae " 
 
 2. Joan <le Heyton 
 
 John de Heyton 
 
 ( Jno. d' Keyton (1) 
 \ Jno. d' Heyton (2) 
 
 (Br.) 
 
 3. William de Ogle 
 
 William de Ogle 
 
 Willm. d' Ogle 
 
 Willm. d' Hawks- 
 
 4. Blank 
 
 Blank 
 
 Blank 
 
 well, custos villa; 
 
 
 
 
 1 (Ad.) J 
 
 
 
 ** Bo. Bourne. 
 
 Br. Brand. 
 
 Ad. Adamsou MS.
 
 420 
 
 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 MAYORS. 
 
 BAILIFFS. 
 
 
 BOURNE. 
 
 BRAND. 
 
 AD AM SOX MS. 
 
 (1. Joan Flands 
 2. Ad. de Pampeden 
 3. Joan le Eschot 
 4. Ro. de Lindesay 
 
 John Flanders 
 Adam de Pampedan 
 John Scott 
 Robert de Lindesey 
 
 John Flander 
 Ad. d' Pamden 
 Jno. 1' Eschott 
 Rob. d' Liusay 
 
 12S5 The same The same 
 
 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 (Hen. le Scot (Bo.^l 1. Joan Flemmyng 
 andBr.) 1 2. Joan le Scot 
 Hen. dictus 1' Scott (3. Hugh de Carliol 
 (Ad.) J 4. Hen. de Le 
 
 John Fleming 
 John le Scott 
 Hugh de Carliol 
 Henry de le Hey 
 
 Jno. Fleming 
 Jno. 1' Scott 
 Hugo d' Carliolo 
 Hen. d' Hay 
 
 r Hen. Scot (Bo. ) o , T j m i 
 M. 4,-ti ! J an de Blagedene 
 The same, with title 
 * - A v i, iv 2 - Tho. de Tindale 
 ,_ ofcapitalisballivus ' 
 1287 { , B . 1-3. Peter Draper 
 
 "' ,,'" '" 4. Joan Surreys 
 1 Hen. Scott, capll. 
 
 1 BaUv. (Ad.) ...J 
 
 John de Blageclen 
 Thomas de Tindale 
 Peter Draper 
 John Surreys, perhaps 
 Surtees 
 
 Jno. d' Blackedc-u 
 Tho. d' Tindale 
 Peter Draper 
 John Sur'eys 
 
 ^ 1. Joan Flemmirig 
 8 ("The same (Bo. & Br.) ' 2. Jo. le Scot 
 (Henry Scott (Ad.) ... f 3. Rich, til Rogeri 
 J 4. Hug. de Carle 
 
 John Fleming 
 John le Scot 
 Richard Rogerson 
 Hugh de Carle 
 
 Jno. the Fleming 
 Jno. the Scott 
 Rich, filius Rogeri 
 Hugo d' Carle 
 
 fl. Tho. de Tindale 
 
 Thomas de Tindale 
 
 Thos. d' Tindale 
 
 2. Hen. de Karle 
 1289 The same 1 3. Petr. Draper 
 [4. William de Ogle 
 
 Henry de Karle 
 Peter Draper 
 William de Ogle 
 
 Hen. d' Karle 
 Peter Draper 
 Willm. d' Ogle 
 
 1290 The same The same 
 
 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 r ~\1. Roger Tunnock 
 Hugh de Carliol (Bo. ^ Hen le Hay 
 
 1291 j andBr.) [3. Pet. Sampson 
 
 Roger Tunnock 
 Henry le Hay 
 Peter Sampson 
 Alexander de Cowgate 
 
 Rog. Tunnock 
 Hen. le Hay 
 Peter Sampson 
 Alex, d' Cowgate 
 
 {Hugo de Carliol (Bo.)1 1. Joan de Surreys 
 Hugh de Carliol (Br.) ' 2. Samp, le Cuttellns 
 H. d' Cariolo Capll [3. Wm. de Ogle 
 Balivus (Ad.) ... J 4. Walter de Cowgate 
 
 John de Surreys 
 Sampson le Cuttelar 
 William de Ogle 
 Walter de Cowgate 
 
 Jno. 1' Sur'eys 
 Sampson 1' Cuttellar 
 Willm. d' Ogle 
 Waltr. d' Cowgate 
 
 1293 The same The same 
 
 The sr.me 
 
 The same 
 
 1294- 
 
 1295 <! 
 
 'Hugode (Bo.)") 
 
 Hugh de Gubyone, 
 "knight, sheriff of 
 N o r th umberland, 
 and custos villss 2. 
 NoviCastri" (Br.) 
 Hugo d' Gubyone... 4. 
 Miles, Viecom' Nor- 
 thum & Cust. Villcc 
 Novicastri (Ad.) ... j 
 
 Hugo de Carleolo"! 
 
 (Bo.) 
 
 Hugh de Carleol or 
 
 capitalis balivus 
 
 (Br.) 
 
 Hugh d' Cariolo Capll 
 
 Ballivus (Ad.) ...j 
 
 Robertus de Mitford 
 William de Ogle 
 Tho. de Whickhara 
 Joannes de Heaton 
 
 Robert de Mitford 
 William de Ogle 
 Thomas de Whickham 
 John de Heaton 
 
 Robt. d' Mitford 
 Wm. d' Ogle 
 Tho. d' Wicham 
 Juo. d' Heaton 
 
 1. Joan de Surties 
 2. William de Ogle 
 3. Samps, de Carleolo 
 4. Walter de Cowgate 
 
 John de Surties 
 William de Ogle 
 Sampson le Cuttelar 
 Walter de Cowgate 
 
 Jno. le Sureties 
 Wm. Ogle 
 Sampson 1' Cuttelar 
 Walker d' Cowgate 
 
 ** Bo. Bourne. 
 
 Br. Brand. 
 
 Ad. Adamson MS.
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 421 
 
 MAYORS. 
 
 r 
 
 Blank in Bo. 
 
 1296 ^ Hugh de Carleol (Br. 
 and Ad.) 
 
 BOURNE. 
 
 Blank 
 
 BAILIFFS. 
 
 BRAND. 
 The same 
 
 ADAMSON MS. 
 
 The same 
 
 Joan. Scot (Bo.) ..." 
 1297- J nn Scot (Br.) 
 Jno. Scott, Capll 
 . Balivs(Ad-) 
 
 i 1. Tho. de Tindale 
 la, J. fil. Ad. de Blagdene 
 j 3. William de Ogle 
 4. Pet. Draper 
 
 Thomas de Tindale Thos. d' Tindale 
 John son of Adam Blagdene Jno. filius Ad. d' Blakeden 
 William de Ogle William d' Ogle 
 Peter Draper Peter Draper 
 
 1298 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 1299 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 1300* The same 
 
 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 1301 As in 1297 
 
 As in 1297 
 
 As in 1297 
 
 As in 1297 
 
 1302 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 1303 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 f Peter Graper (Bo.)...] l ' ck de Carlio1 
 1304-,' Peter le Draper (Br.) <> - de Frismarisco 
 
 1 Peter I' Draper (Ad.) 1 *' * lcha *J de Emeldon 
 L ) 4. Joan. Corane 
 
 Nicholas de Carliol 
 Thomas de Frismarisco 
 Richard de Emeldon 
 John Corane 
 
 Nich. d' Cariolo 
 Thos. d' Frismarisco 
 Richd. d' Emeldon 
 John Corane 
 
 i Peter Graper (Bo. )..." 
 Peter le Draper (Br.) 
 Peter Draper, Capll 
 B (Ad.) ...J 
 
 1. Nich. Scott 
 2. Nich. de Carleol 
 3. Tho. de Frismarisco 
 4. William de Oggle 
 
 Nicholas Scot 
 Nicholas de Carleol 
 Thomas de Frismarisco 
 William de Oggle 
 
 Nich. Scott 
 Nich. d' Cariolo 
 Thos. d' Frismarisco 
 Willm. d' Ogle 
 
 Rich, d' Emeldon 
 (Bo. andBr.) 
 1306 Rich, d' Emeldon ... 
 CapitallBallivus 
 (Ad.) ; 
 
 (The same (Bo. and^ 
 Rich, d' Emilton ... 
 
 1. Nich. Scott 
 2. Adam de Gallowaie 
 "3. William de Oggle 
 4. Tho. de Frismarisco 
 
 Nicholas Scott 
 Adam de Gallowaie 
 William de Oggle 
 Thomas de Frismarisco 
 
 Richard de Acton 
 Adam de Dunelm' 
 William de Burnton 
 
 Nich. Scott 
 Ad. Galleway 
 Willm. d' Ogle 
 Thos. d' Frismarisco 
 
 Rich. Acton 
 Ad. d' Dunelm 
 Willm. d' Burnton 
 
 2. Adam 
 "3. William de 
 
 Capll Ball. (Ad.) ...J 
 
 4. Tho. Frismarisco 
 
 Thomas Frismarisco 
 
 Thos. d' Frismarisco 
 
 {Nich. de Carliol (Bo. "1 
 andBr -) ' 
 Nich. d' Cariolo, C.B. | 
 (Ad.) J 
 
 1. Tho. de Frismarisco 
 2. Blank 
 "3. Tho. de Tindale 
 4. Ad. de Dunelm 
 
 Thomas de Frismarisco 
 Nicholas Scot 
 Thomas de Tindale 
 Adam de Dunelm' 
 
 Tho. d' Frismarisco 
 Nich. Scott 
 Thos. d' Tindale 
 Ad. d' Dunelm 
 
 1309 The same -j 
 
 1. Thos. de Frismarisco 
 2. Gilbert de Flemming 
 3. Tho. do Tindale 
 
 Thomas de Frismarisco 
 Gilbert le Fleming 
 Thomas de Tindale 
 
 The same 
 
 
 4. Ad. de Dunelm' 
 
 Adam de Durham 
 
 
 f 1. Tho. de Carliol 
 ! 2. Gilbert Flemming 
 1310 Sesame 'j 3. Tho. de Tindale 
 
 (^4. Adam de Dunclm 
 
 Thomas de Carliol 
 Gilbert Fleming 
 Thomas de Tindale 
 Adam de Durham 
 
 Thos. d' Carliolo 
 Gilbert Fleming 
 Thos. d' Tindale 
 Ad. d' Dunelm 
 
 * In a deed of the year 1300, quoted in the Archasologia jEliana, O.S. iii. p. 83, Henry Scot is the mayor, 
 
 and Nicholas de Carliol, Thomas de Tyndale, Peter le Graper, and William de Ogle, are the bailiffs. (See 
 page 2.) 
 
 t Richard Emeldon, mayor, and Nicholas Scott, Thomas Tindale, Adam Durham, and Thomas 
 Frismarisco, bailiffs en the morrow of St. Dunstan, 1308. Deed in the Collectanea. (See p. 12.) 
 A deed in the Collectanea has Thomas de Carliol. 
 
 ** Bo. Bourne. 
 
 Br. Brand. 
 
 Ad. Adamson MS. 
 
 28
 
 422 
 
 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 1311 -j 
 
 MAYORS. 
 
 BOURNE. 
 Richard Hn . ld Jl.Th.ilLHiud.ariW 
 
 (Bo. and Br.) 
 
 T* u r\ T> r"- Th. de Frismarisco 
 . Emeldon, C.B. j 
 
 < Ad "> J 4: Blank 
 
 1312 The same 
 
 1313 The same 
 
 1. Tho. Carliol 
 
 2. Gilbert Fleming 
 
 3. Joan Pampden 
 
 4. Hen. le Newton 
 
 f 1. Jo. fil. Hen. Scot 
 
 ] 2. Tho. Frismarisco 
 
 j 3. William Burneton 
 1^4 Joannes Ellickar 
 
 'Tho. fil. Hugo de"l 
 Carliol (Bo.) 
 
 + Thomas son of Hugh ~ T , ~ 
 
 101 1 s i. i /Y \ 2 - Joan de Pampeden 
 
 1314-^ de Carliol (Br.) ... ^ , XT 
 
 3. Hen. de Newton 
 
 1. Gilbert Flemming 
 
 4. Ad. de Dunelm 
 
 1315 
 
 ,o,g 
 
 Thos. filius Hugonis 
 d'Carliolo, cap. B. 
 (Ad.) 
 
 : Richard Emeldon^ 1. Tho. Frismarisco 
 (Bo. and Br.) . .. 1 2. Rich. Acton 
 Rich. Emeldon C.B. [3. Ad. Dunelm 
 (Ad.) J 4. Johan de Pampeden 
 
 1 1. Tho. de Frismarisco 
 'Rich. Emeldon (Bo.) I 2. Eich. de Acton 
 The same (Brand Ad) (3. William de Burneton 
 
 j 4. Ad. de Dunelm 
 
 Emeldon" 
 
 1317 
 
 1318 
 
 (Eich. de 
 (Bo.) 
 The same 
 Ad.) 
 
 {Eich. de 
 (Bo.) 
 The same 
 Ad.) 
 
 (Br. 
 
 ..'1 
 
 and [ 
 
 The same 
 
 BAILIFFS. 
 
 BRAND. 
 
 Hugh son of Thomas de 
 
 Carliol 
 
 Thomas de Frismarisco 
 Adam de Durham 
 Blank 
 
 Thomas de Carleol 
 Gilbert Fleming 
 John Pampden 
 Henry de Newton 
 John son of Henry Scot 
 Thomas Frismarisco 
 William Burneton 
 John Ellickar 
 
 Gilbert Fleming 
 John de Pampden 
 Henry de Newton 
 Adam de Durham 
 
 Thomas Frismarisco 
 Eichard Acton 
 Adam of Durham 
 John de Pampeden 
 "Three of the same 
 bailiffs ; William de 
 Burneton was the 
 fourth instead of John 
 de Pampden " 
 
 The same 
 
 ADAMSON MS. 
 Thos. filius * 
 
 Hugo d' Carliolo 
 Thos. d' Frismarisco 
 Ad. d' Dunelm 
 
 Thos. d' Carliolo 
 Gilbert Fleming 
 John Pampden 
 Hen. le Newton 
 John filius Hen. Scott 
 Thos. Frismarisco 
 Willm. Burnton 
 John Ellerka 
 
 Gilbert Fleming 
 John d' Pampden 
 Hen. d' Newton 
 Ad. d' Dunelm 
 
 Thos. d' Frismarisco 
 Eichd. Acton 
 Ad. d' Dunelm 
 John d' Pampden 
 
 Thos. d' Frismarisco 
 Eichd. d' Acton 
 Willm. d' Burnton 
 Ad. d' Dunelm 
 
 The same 
 
 Tlios. son of Ralph Thorauld Thos. Dankin 
 
 Eobert de Angerton 
 Gilbert Hankyn 
 Adam de Durham 
 
 Thomas de Carliol 
 Eoger Hecham 
 Thomas de Frismarisco 
 Henry de Newton 
 
 Gilbt. Hankin 
 Ad. d' Dunelm 
 Eob. d' Angerton 
 
 Thos. d' Carlio 
 Eog. d' Hecham 
 Thos. d' Frismarisco 
 Hen. d' Newton 
 
 Emeldon ^| 1. Tho. Dunelm 
 
 I 2. Gilbert Hankin 
 
 (Br. and [ 3. Adam de Dunelm 
 J 4. Robert de Angerton 
 
 fNich.de Carliol (Bo. )"1 
 
 L. T . , , , ,.,!. Tho. de Carliol 
 
 II Nicholas de Carliol _ _ TT . 
 
 1319 J (Br) ,2. RogerHeckam 
 
 vr i. j /i v n D I 3 - Tho. de Frismarisco 
 Nich. d Carlio C.B. 
 ,. , | 4. Hen. de Newton 
 
 * Forms one line in the MS., though probably intended to read " Thos. filius Hugo d' Carliolo." 
 
 t A deed in the Collectanea, Top. and Gen. , has Richard Emeldon, mayor, and John Scott, Thomas 
 Frismarisco, William Burnton, and John Elleker, bailiffs, on the 18th April 1315. (See p. 31.) 
 
 I A deed quoted in the Collectanea, dated 30th January 1319, has Richard Acton, William Burnton, 
 Thomas Frismarisco, and Gilbert Hawkin as the bailiffs. (See p. 44.) 
 
 Deed in All Saints' vestry, dated Oct. 29, 1318. 
 
 || Brand ii. p. 404, quotes a deed in St. Andrew's vestry, in which the bailiffs in 1319 are Thomas de Tindale, 
 John de Thornad, Thomas de Frismarisco, and Richard Emeldon. Bourne, page 24, publishes the signatures of 
 "Richard de Emelden, then mayor, Thomas de Frismarisco, Richard de Acton, William de Burneton, Gilbert de 
 Hankyn, bailiffs," "about 1319." 
 
 Bo. Bourne. 
 
 Br. Brand. 
 
 Ad. Adamson MS.
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 423 
 
 MAYORS. 
 
 1320* The same 
 
 BOURNE. 
 
 '1. John de Thorald 
 , 2. Rich, de Emeldon 
 3. Tho. de Tindale 
 . 4. Tho. de Frismarisco 
 
 BAILIFFS. 
 
 BRAND. 
 
 Thomas de Tindale 
 John de Thornad 
 Thomas de Frismarisco 
 Richard Emeldon 
 
 ADAMSON JUS. 
 Jno. d' Dethornold 
 Richd. Emeldon 
 Thos. d' Tindale 
 Thos. d' Frismarisco 
 
 (1. Thos. de Frismarisco 
 
 Thomas de Frismarisco 
 
 Thos. d' Frismarisco 
 
 1321t Richd. Emeldno J 2 ' Gilbert Hankin 
 
 Gilbert Hankin 
 
 Gilbt Hankin 
 
 ' j 3. Rich. Acton 
 
 Richard Acton 
 
 Rich. Acton 
 
 L4. Robert Angreton 
 
 Robert Angreton 
 
 Rob. Angreton 
 
 (Rich. Emeldon (Bo.) ") 1. Thos. de Frismarisco 
 
 Gilbert Hankin 
 
 Thos. d' Frismarisco 
 
 Nicholas Scot (Br.) .2. Wm. de Burton 
 
 Thomas Carlyne 
 
 Willm. d' Burnton 
 
 Richd. Emeldon '3. Gilbert Hankin 
 
 William de Burneton 
 
 Gilbt. Hankin 
 
 (Ad.) j 4. Hugo de Hecham 
 
 Robert de Angerton 
 
 Hugo d' Hecham 
 
 Rich, de Emeldon 
 
 
 
 (Bo.) 1. Tho. de Frismarisco 
 
 Thomas de Frismarisco 
 
 Thos. d" Frismarisco 
 
 1323 Ri c ' iarc l de Emeldon ! 2. Wm. de Burneton 
 
 William de Burneton 
 
 Gilbert Hankin 
 
 (Br.) h 3. Wm. Hankin 
 
 William Hankin 
 
 Willm. d' Burnton 
 
 Richd. Emeldon 4. Hugo de Heckham 
 
 Hugh de Heckam 
 
 Hugos, d' Heckham 
 
 (Ad.) 
 
 
 
 ( 1. Tho. de Frismarisco 
 
 Thomas de Frismarisco 
 
 Thos. d' Frismarisco 
 
 1324 The same .... 2 ' Gilbert de Hankin 
 
 Gilbert de Hankin 
 
 Gilb. Hankin 
 
 3. Wm. de Burneton 
 
 William de Burneton 
 
 Willm. d' Burnton 
 
 U. Rob. deHalliwell 
 
 Robert de Halliwell 
 
 Rob. d' Halliwell 
 
 1 325 The same The same 
 
 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 f 1. Tho. de Frismarisco 
 
 Thomas de Frismarisco 
 
 Thos. d' Frismarisco 
 
 1320 The same . J 2 " William de Buraeton 
 
 William de Burneton 
 
 Willm. d' Burnton 
 
 3. Gilbert de Hankin 
 
 Gilbert Hankin 
 
 Gilb. Hankin 
 
 L4. Hugo de Heckham 
 
 Hugo de Heckam 
 
 Hugo d' Heckham 
 
 Xich. Scott, miles 
 
 
 
 (Bo.) 1. Tho. Hankin 
 
 Thomas Dankin 
 
 Thos. Dankin 
 
 Sir Nicholas Scot 2. Gilbert Hankin 
 
 Gilbert Hankin 
 
 Gilb. Hankin 
 
 (Br.) 3. Wm. de Burneton 
 
 William de Burneton 
 
 Willm. d' Burneton 
 
 Xich. Scott, miles, 4. Rog. de Angreton 
 
 Hugh de Heckam 
 
 Hugo d' Hecham 
 
 C.B. (Ad.) 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 'Xich. de Carliol (Bo.)" 1 1. Th. fil. Hu. de Carliol 
 
 Thomas son of Hugh de 
 
 Thos. films Hugo' d" Karle 
 
 Nicholas de Carliol 
 
 Carliol 
 
 
 1328 -,' (Br.) !*2. Roger Heckhnm 
 
 Roger Heckham 
 
 Roger Heckham 
 
 Xich. Carlio C.B. 3. Tho. de Frismarisco 
 
 Thomas de Frismarisco 
 
 Thos. d' Frismarisco 
 
 ! (Ad.) 4. Hen. de Newton 
 
 Henry de Newton 
 
 H. d' Newton 
 
 * In a deed quoted by Brand, i. p. 215, Thomas Clerk replaces Thomas de Frismarisco. (See p. 51.) 
 
 t Brand and the Adamson MS. refer to a deed at St. Andrew's, in which Nicholas Scot is mayor. Brand 
 obtains from the same deed his list of bailiffs. The return to the parliamentary writ, 2d May 1322, is signed by 
 Nicholas Scott, mayor, Thos. Daulyn, Gilbert Hawkin, Robert Angerton, and William Burnton, bailiffs. 
 (Seep. 53.) 
 
 * In the return to parliament Hugh Hecham replaces Robert Halliwell. (See p. 62.) 
 
 Bo. Bourne. 
 
 Br. Brand. 
 
 Ad. Adamson MS.
 
 424 
 
 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 MAYORS. 
 
 
 BAILIFFS. 
 
 
 
 BOURNE. 
 
 BRAND. 
 
 ADAMSON MS. 
 
 
 '1. Wm. de Burneton 
 
 William Burneton 
 
 Willm. d' Burnetor 
 
 1329 Richard Emeldon .... 
 
 2. Hugo de Heckham 
 3. Jo. de Denton 
 
 Hugo de Heckam 
 John de Denton 
 
 Hugo d' Hecham 
 Jno. d' Denton 
 
 
 > Rob. de Halliwell 
 
 Robert de Halliwell 
 
 Robt. d' Halliwell 
 
 Wm. de Burneton 
 
 
 
 
 (Bo.) 
 
 1. Hugo de Hankyn 
 
 Hugo de Haukyn 
 
 Hugo d' Hankin 
 
 1330) William de Burnton 
 
 2. Jo. Denton 
 
 John Denton 
 
 John Denton 
 
 (Br ) 
 
 ^3. Ro. de Halliwell 
 
 Robert de Halliwell 
 
 Robt. Halliwell 
 
 Willm. d' Burnton 
 
 4. Waleranus Lumley 
 
 Walteranus Lumley 
 
 Walleramus Lumle.y 
 
 (Ad.) 
 
 
 
 
 
 !1. Hugo de Hecham 
 
 John de Denton 
 
 Hugo d' Hecham 
 
 1331* Richard Emeldon ...- 
 
 2. Jo. de Denton 
 3. Rob. de Halliwell 
 
 Gilbert Hawkyn 
 Hugh de Heckam 
 
 John d' Denton 
 Rob. d' Halliwell 
 
 
 4. Waleranus Lumley 
 
 Richard Scot 
 
 Wall. Lumley 
 
 {Richard Emeldon" 
 
 1. Hug. de Heckham 
 
 
 
 (Bo. andBr.) ... 
 The same, made Es- 
 
 2. Jo. de Denton 
 "3. Rob. de Halliwell 
 
 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 cheator(Ad.) 
 
 4. Waleranus Lumley 
 
 
 
 
 r l. Hug. Hecham 
 
 Hugh Heckam 
 
 Hugo Hecham 
 
 1333 Richard Acton 
 (See page 79.) 
 
 2. Gilbert Hankyn 
 3. Waleranus Lumley 
 ^4. Robert Halliwell 
 
 Gilbert Hankyn 
 Waleranus Lumley 
 Robert Halliwell 
 
 Gilb. Haukiu 
 Wilier. Lumley 
 Rob. d' Hallywell 
 
 | Hugh Heckam (Br.) 
 1334 -[Hugo d' Hecham 
 (Ad.) 
 
 1. Gilbert Hankyn 
 1. Rich. Scott 
 3. Jo. Galloway 
 
 Gilbert Hankyn 
 Richard Scott 
 John Galloway 
 
 Gilb. Hankin 
 Riehd. Scott 
 John Galloway 
 
 [ (See page 83.) 
 
 4. Jo. Frysman 
 
 John Frysmau 
 
 John Frisman 
 
 
 '1. Gilbert Hawkin 
 
 
 
 1335 The same - 
 
 2. Rich. Scott 
 3. John de Galloway 
 
 The same 
 
 1, 2, 3, the same 
 4. John Frismarisco 
 
 
 w 4. Jo. de Frismarisco 
 
 
 
 fl. Gilbert Hankyn 
 
 Gilbert Hankyn 
 
 Gilb. Hankin 
 
 1336 John Denton 
 
 2. Robert Shilvington 
 3. Jo. Woodman 
 
 Robert Shilvington 
 John Woodman 
 
 Rob. Shilvington 
 John Woodman 
 
 
 ^4. William Acton 
 
 William Acton 
 
 Willm. Acton 
 
 [Nicholas Scott (Bo. 
 
 1. Robert de Shampton 
 2. Adam de Blakedon 
 
 Robert de Hampton 
 Adam de Blakedon 
 
 Rob. d' Hampden 
 Ada. Blackdon 
 
 1337"! andBr.) 
 1 Nich. Scotto(Ad.)... 
 
 '3. Barthol Clems 
 4. Tho. de Karle, Junr 
 
 Bartholomew Clerk 
 Thomas de Karle, junior 
 
 Earth. Clericus 
 Thos. d' Karle, Junr 
 
 
 '1. Richard Scott 
 
 Richard Scott 
 
 Richd. Scott 
 
 1338 Hugh Hecham 
 
 2. Robert Halliwell 
 3. Peter Graper 
 
 Robert Halliwell 
 Peter Draper 
 
 Rob, Halliwell 
 Peter Draper 
 
 ^4. Rob. de Castello 
 
 Robert Castle 
 
 Rob. Castello 
 
 ( Waleranus de Lumley "| 1. Tho. Burneton 
 
 Tho. Burnton 
 
 Thos. Burneton 
 
 1 (Bo. and Br.) ... 
 
 12. Gilbert Hankyn 
 
 Gilbert Hankyn 
 
 Gilb. Hankin 
 
 1 Walramus d' Lumley 
 
 3. Rich. Scott 
 
 Richard Scott 
 
 Rich. Scott 
 
 I (Ad.) 
 
 4. Rich. Gallaway 
 
 Richard Gallaway 
 
 Rich. Gallaway 
 
 * Brand's list of bailiffs is copied from a deed in Bourne, p. 194. A deed in 
 
 the Collectanea contains the 
 
 names of Richard Emeldon, mayor, and Thomas Daulyn, 
 
 Hugh Hecham, Robert Halliwell, and Waleran Luiuley 
 
 as those of the bailiffs on the 2d July 1331 three mouths before the annual election 
 
 . (See p. 75.) 
 
 Bo. Bourna. 
 
 Br. Brand. 
 
 Ad. Adamson MS.
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 425 
 
 MAYORS. 
 
 BAILIFFS. 
 
 
 tiOURNE. 
 
 BRAND. 
 
 ADAMSON MS. 
 
 William Felton, 
 
 
 
 
 miles (Bo.) 
 Sir William Felton, 
 1010- with the title of 
 custos villae (Br.) 
 Willm. Felton, miles, 
 
 1. Robert Musgrave 
 2. Jo. Woodman 
 3. Hug. Carliol 
 4. Joan Emeldon 
 
 Robert Musgrave 
 John Woodman 
 Hugh Carliol 
 John Emeldon 
 
 Rob. Musgrave 
 John Woodman 
 Hugo Carliell 
 Jno. Emeldon 
 
 custos villa (Ad.) 
 
 
 
 
 fl. Gilbert Hankyn 
 
 Gilbert Hankyn 
 
 Gilb. Hankin 
 
 1341 JohnDenton J 2. Thomas Burneton 
 
 Thomas Burneton 
 
 Thos. Burneton 
 
 | 3. Jo. Galleway 
 
 John Galeway 
 
 John Gallaway 
 
 1. 4. Petrus Graper 
 
 Peter Draper 
 
 Peter Draper 
 
 fl. William Acton 
 
 William Acton 
 
 Willm. Acton 
 
 1342 Robert de Halliwell J J Robt ' Mus ge 
 
 Robert Musgrave 
 
 Robt. Musgrave 
 
 [ 3. Jo. de Durham 
 
 John de Durham 
 
 Jno. Durham 
 
 L4. Tho. Fleaminge 
 
 Thomas Fleming 
 
 Thos. Fleming 
 
 'Richard Galleway-) i. William Acton 
 
 William Acton 
 
 William Acton 
 
 1343 I (Bo.) 
 I Richard Gallaway 
 
 [S Jo * 
 
 John Durham 
 Thomas Fleming 
 
 Rob. Musgrave 
 John Dunelm 
 
 '3. Tho. Fleaminge 
 
 - (Br. and Ad.) ... j 4. Ro bt< Musgrave 
 
 Robert Musgrave of Penrith Thos. Fleming 
 
 fl. Robt. Musgrave 
 
 Robert Mnsgrave 
 
 Robt. Musgrave 
 
 1344 Robert Shilvington \ * f^f"* 1 
 3. Jo. Woodman 
 
 Robert Halliwell 
 John Woodman 
 
 Robt. Hallywell 
 Jno. Woodman 
 
 ^4. William de Acton 
 
 William de Acton 
 
 Willm. d' Acton 
 
 Robt. de Foghale^ 
 
 
 
 (Bo.) 
 
 
 
 
 j. Robert de Foghale 
 
 1. William de Acton 
 
 William de Acton 
 
 Willm. d' Acton 
 
 1345-^ (Br.) 
 
 2. Hugo de Carliol 
 
 Hugh de Carliol 
 
 Hugo d' Carlio 
 
 IRob. d' Toghale, 
 
 3. Jo. de Frismarisco 
 
 John de Frismarisco 
 
 John d' Frismarisco 
 
 custos villae Nov. 
 
 4. Robt. de Penrith 
 
 Robert de Penrith 
 
 Robt d' Penerith 
 
 (Ad.) 
 
 
 
 
 t Robt. de Foghill 
 
 
 
 (Bo.) 
 
 1. William de Acton 
 
 Hugh de Angreton 
 
 ^ 
 
 1346 J Robert de Shilving- 
 
 2. Hug. de Carliol 
 
 John Wake 
 
 1 
 
 ton (Br.) 
 
 3. Jo. de Frismarisco 
 
 John de Emelden 
 
 i- The same 
 
 Rob. d' Toghale 
 
 4. Robt. de Pentrith 
 
 Blank 
 
 j 
 
 1 (Ad.) 
 
 
 
 
 f_ 1 1. William Acton, sen. 
 Peter Graper (Bo.)... , , 
 \ ' 2. Hugh de Angreton 
 134/ -^ Peter Draper (Br.)... k, T ,, 
 A j x 3 - Jo - Emeldon 
 [^ Peter Graper (Ad.)... 4 HugQ de Carliol 
 
 William Acton, senior 
 Hugh de Angreton 
 John Emelden 
 Hugh de Carliol 
 
 Hugo iV Angreton 
 Wm. Acton, senr. 
 John Emeldon 
 Hugo d' Carliell 
 
 ( 1. William de Acton 
 
 
 
 2. Hug. de Angreton 
 1343 The same ' 3 . Hugo de Carliol 
 
 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 i 4. Jo. de Emeldon 
 
 
 
 1349 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 * In a deed, dated 19th February 1344 (Brand i. p. 73), bailiff No. 2 is John Woodman. (See p. 113.) 
 
 t Brand, ii. p. 412, quotes a deed, dated July 1346, to which the signatures of Robert Shilvington, mayor, 
 
 and Hugh Angreton, John Wake, and John de Emelden, bailiffs, are attached. (See pp. 122, 123.) 
 
 Brand, ii. p. 413, quotes a deed in All Saints' vestry, bearing date July 1350, in which the mayor is Gilbert 
 
 de Duxtield, and the bailiffs are William de Acton, senior, Robert de Penreth, John Wake, and John de Emeldon. 
 
 (See p. 133.) 
 
 Bo. Bonnie. 
 
 Br. Brand. 
 
 Ad. Adamson MS.
 
 426 
 
 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 MAYORS. 
 
 BOURNE. 
 
 f _ , ^ 1. William de Acton 
 
 Peter Graper (Bo.) ... 
 
 ! 2. Hug. de Angreton 
 
 1350 <| Peter Draper (Br.) 
 [ Peter Graper (Ad 
 
 1351 Gilbert Duxfteld 
 
 1352 William Strotlier 
 
 Peter Graper (Bo.)... 
 
 1353-^ Peter Draper (Br.)... 
 
 Pet. Graper (Ad.)... 
 
 1354 The same 
 
 (Seep. 144.) 
 
 3. Hugo, de Carleol 
 
 4. Jo. de Emeldon 
 
 BAILIFFS. 
 
 BRAND. 
 
 The same 
 
 AD AM SON MS. 
 
 The same 
 
 (1. William Acton, sen. 
 
 William Acton, senior 
 
 Willm. Acton, Senr. 
 
 2. Jo. Emeldon 
 
 John de Chambers 
 
 John Emeldon 
 
 3. Jo. del Chambers 
 
 Blank 
 
 Jno. d' 1' Chambers 
 
 4. Blank 
 
 Blank 
 
 Blank 
 
 fl. EichardScot 
 
 Richard Scot 
 
 Eichd. Scott 
 
 1 2. Jo, Emeldon 
 
 John Emeldon 
 
 Jno. Emeldon 
 
 1 3. Jo. de Camera 
 
 John Chamber 
 
 f Jno. d' Gamrey (1) 
 ( John d' Camera (2) 
 
 4. William Acton, jun. William Acton, junior William Acton, junr. 
 
 I 1. John de Emeldon 
 I 2. William de Strother 
 j 3. Jo. de Chambre 
 4. Wm. de Acton, jun. 
 
 The same 
 
 John Emeldon 
 William de Strother 
 John de Chambre 
 William Acton, junior 
 
 The same 
 
 Jno. d' Emeldon 
 Jno. d' 1' Chambers 
 Willm. d' Strother 
 Willm. d' Acton, Junr. 
 
 The same 
 
 
 fl. William Acton 
 
 William Acton 
 
 Willm. Acton 
 
 iorr vir-ii- i i no. ^ 2. Richard Scott 
 1355 William del Strother i e 
 \ 3. John Emeldon 
 
 Richard Scott 
 John Emeldon 
 
 Rich. Scott 
 John Emeldou 
 
 
 1^4. Jo. Chambre 
 
 John Chambre 
 
 John Chambers 
 
 
 f 1. Nich. Barrot 
 
 Nicholas Barrot 
 
 Nich. Barot 
 
 1356 The same 
 
 J 2. Blank 
 1 3. Blank 
 
 William Acton 
 Blank 
 
 Will. Acton 
 Blank 
 
 
 1,4. Blank 
 
 Blank 
 
 Blank 
 
 
 f 1. Jo. Emeldon 
 
 John Emeldon 
 
 John Emeldon 
 
 1357 The same 
 
 J 2. Jo. de Camera 
 j 3. Nich. Barrot 
 
 John Chambre 
 Nicholas Barrot 
 
 John Camera 
 Nich. Barott 
 
 
 ^4, Nich. Acton 
 
 Nicholas Acton 
 
 Willm. Acton 
 
 
 f 1. Jo. de Emeldon 
 
 John Emeldon 
 
 1 
 
 1358 The same 
 
 1 2. Nich. Barrot 
 j 3. Jo. del Chambers 
 
 Nicholas Barrot 
 John Chambre 
 
 J- The same 
 
 
 1^4. Will, de Acton 
 
 William Acton 
 
 J 
 
 
 (1. Jo. de Camera 
 
 1 
 
 
 1359 The same 
 
 2. Jo. de Emeldon 
 3. Will, de Acton 
 4. Nich. 
 
 [> The same 
 J 
 
 The same 
 
 1360 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 
 )1. Jo. Emeldon 
 
 John Emeldon 
 
 Jno. d' Emeldon 
 
 Jo. Chambers (Bo.) 
 1361 \ John Chambre (Br.) 
 
 2. Jo. Stanhope 
 3. Jo. de Ruffen 
 
 John Stanhope 
 John de Ruffen 
 
 Jno. Stanhope 
 Jno. d' Ruffen 
 
 John Chamber (Ad.) 
 
 4. Elias de Frawhitt 
 
 Elias de Airwhitt 
 
 Elia. d' Airwhitt 
 
 ** Bo. Bourne. 
 
 Br. Brand. 
 
 Ad. Adamson MS.
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 427 
 
 MAYORS. 
 
 - . 
 
 BAILIFFS. 
 
 
 
 BOURNE. 
 
 BRAND. 
 
 ADAMSON MS. 
 
 Jo. Chambers (Bo.) 
 1362 \ John Chambre (Br.) 
 1 John Chamber (Ad.) 
 
 1. Jo. de Emeldon 
 2. Jo. de Stanhope 
 "3. Elias de Frawhitt 
 4. Robert de Duxfield 
 
 John de Emeldon 
 John de Stanhope 
 Elias de Airwhitt 
 Robert de Duxfield 
 
 Jno. d' Emeldon 
 Jno. d' Stanhope 
 Elia. d' Airwhitt 
 Rob. d' Duxfield 
 
 
 '1. Jo. Emeldon 
 
 John Emeldon 
 
 John Emeldon 
 
 1363 Robert Angreton ...- 
 
 2. Wm. Acton 
 3. Jo. Stanhope 
 ^4. Jo. Byker 
 
 William Acton 
 John Stanhope 
 John Byker 
 
 Willm. Acton 
 John Stanhope 
 John Byker 
 
 f 1. Wm. de Acton 
 2. Jo. de Stanhope 
 1364 The same 3. Jo . Ruffan 
 
 [4. Blank 
 
 William de Acton 
 John de Stanhope 
 John Ruffan 
 Blank 
 
 Willm. d' Acton 
 John Stanhope 
 John Russani 
 Blank 
 
 1365 Richard de Stanhope - 
 
 [ 1. Wm. de Acton 
 2. Jo. Stanhope 
 3. Jo. de Emeldon 
 [ 4. Jo. de Ruffan 
 
 William de Acton 
 John Stanhope 
 John de Emeldon 
 John de Ruffan 
 
 Will. Acton 
 John Stanhope 
 John d' Emeldon 
 John d' Russam 
 
 1366 William de Acton ... 
 
 il. Jo. de Stanhope 
 2. Jo. de Ruffan 
 3. Tho. Graper 
 4. Jo. de Byker 
 
 John de Stanhope 
 John de Ruffan 
 Thomas Draper 
 John de Byker 
 
 Jno. d' Stanhope 
 Jno. d' Russam 
 Thos. Graper 
 Jno. Byker 
 
 
 (1. Jo. de Emeldon 
 
 John de Emeldon 
 
 Jno. d' Emeldon 
 
 1367 The same 
 (See p. 168.) 
 
 2. Jo. de Byker 
 3. Jo. de Preston 
 4. Jo. Houghell 
 
 John de Byker 
 John de Preston 
 John Houghhell 
 
 Jno. d* Byker 
 Jno. d' Preston 
 Jno. Houghill 
 
 1368 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 1369 Robert Angreton ... 
 
 (I. Tho. Graper 
 I 2. Jo. Ruffan 
 1 3. Jo. Bulkham 
 [4. Steph. Whitgrave 
 
 John Draper 
 John Ruffan 
 John Bulkham 
 Stephen Whitgrave 
 
 Jno. Draper 
 Jno. Rusham 
 Jno. Bulkham 
 Step. Whitgrave 
 
 1370 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 1371 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 1372* The same 
 
 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 1373 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 1374 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 (Seep. 184.) 
 
 
 
 
 1375 William Scott 
 
 ( 1. Jo. Stanhope 
 I 2. Jo. de Ruffan 
 j 3. Tho. Graper 
 1^4. Jo. de Byker 
 
 John Stanhope 
 John de Ruffan 
 Thomas Draper 
 John de Byker 
 
 John Stanhope 
 John Rusham 
 Thos. Graper 
 John d' Byker 
 
 
 f 1. Laurence Acton 
 
 Laurence Acton 
 
 Lawrence Acto:i 
 
 1376 JohnBulgham ... 1 2. Robt. Plumber 
 (See pp. 187 & 189.) | 3. Tho. de Horton 
 ^4. William Durham 
 
 Robert Plumber 
 Thomas de Horton 
 William Durham 
 
 Rob. Plummer 
 Thos. d' Horton 
 Willm. Durham 
 
 1377 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 1378 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 * Brand quotes a deed in All Saints' vestry, in which the mayor and bailiffs in 1373 are William de Acton, 
 mayor ; and John Bulkham, John Howden, Thomas Wodman, and Robert Plummer, bailiffs. A deed in the 
 Archccologia sEliana, O.S. iii. p. 84, partly confirms this. (See p. 183.) 
 
 Bo. Bourne. 
 
 Br. Brand. 
 
 Ad. Adamsou
 
 428 
 
 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 MAYORS. 
 
 
 BAILIFFS. 
 
 
 
 BOURNE. 
 
 BRAND. 
 
 ADAMSON MS. 
 
 
 (1. Adam de York 
 
 Adam de York 
 
 Ada. de York 
 
 1379 Richard Stanhope... 
 
 2. Will. Bishopsdale 
 3. Thomas de Morden 
 
 William Bishopdale 
 Thomas de Morden 
 
 Willm. Bishopdale 
 Thos. d' Mordon 
 
 
 4. Robert Oliver 
 
 Robert Oliver 
 
 Rob. Olver 
 
 1380 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 1381 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 
 f 1. Lurentius Acton 
 
 Laurence Acton 
 
 Law. Acton 
 
 1382 William Bishopdale 
 (Seep. 198.) 
 
 J 2. Wm. Johnson 
 1 3. Jo. Heworth 
 1^4. Jo. Thornton 
 
 William Johnson 
 John Heworth 
 John Thornton 
 
 Willm. Johnson 
 Jno. Heworth 
 Jno. Thornton 
 
 1383 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 1384 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 1385 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 1386 Adam Bulkham ... 
 (See p. 204.) 
 
 (" 1. Laurentius Acton 
 J 2. Rob. de Raynton 
 ~| 3. Sampson Harding 
 1^4. Jo. de Horton 
 
 Laurence Acton 
 Robert de Raynton 
 Sampson Harding 
 John de Horton 
 
 Law. Acton 
 Rob. d' Raynton 
 Sampson Harding 
 Jno. Horton 
 
 1387 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 (Seep. 205.) 
 
 
 
 
 1388* The same 
 
 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 1389 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 1390 William Bishopdale 
 
 The same 
 
 (1. Laurence de Acton 
 J 2. Richard Scot 
 1 3. Thomas de Gryndon 
 ^4. William Jonson 
 
 }- The same 
 
 J 
 
 1391 The same 
 
 {! Laurentius Acton 
 2. John de Aukland 
 3. William Johnson 
 4. Hen. de Carliol 
 
 Laurence Acton 
 John de Aukland 
 William Jonson 
 Henry de Carliol 
 
 ( Law. Acton 
 I Jno. d' Aukland 
 -j Wm. Johnson 
 j Hen. Carleolo (1) 
 1^ Henry Carleile (2) 
 
 1392 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 1393f The same 
 
 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 1394 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 1395 J The same 
 
 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 1396 Sampson Harding ... 
 
 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 1397 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 1398 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 1399 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 The same 
 
 * In the Archceologia jEliana, N.S., i., p. 31, is a deed witnessed by Robert de Raynton, mayor, and Lawrence 
 de Acton, John de Horton, John de Aukland, and Thomas de Gryndon, bailiffs. 
 
 t Bourne proves, in another part of his book, that the mayor in April 1394 was Laurence Acton ; and the 
 bailiffs Henry de Carliol, Thomas de Gryndon, John de Newbygging, and John de Appreton. (See p. 216.) 
 
 J Brand mentions deeds in which Laurence Acton is mayor, and Thomas de Mordon, John de Newbigging, 
 Thomas de Grendon, and William de Redmershill, bailiffs, in 1395 and 1396. (Seep. 219.) Adamson, No. 2, 
 notes the same. 
 
 Hodgson gives quite a different list of bailiffs, from a deed in Gateshead vestry. (See p. 220.) 
 
 Bo. Bourne. 
 
 Br. Brand. 
 
 Ad. Adamson MS.
 
 APPENDIX. 429 
 
 II. Mayors and Sheriffs. 
 MAYORS. SHERIFFS. 
 
 1400 Roger Thornton Bourne continues the bailiffs. Brand has "William Redmarshell the 
 
 first sheriff." The Adamson MS. has " Willm. Redmarsha, Prim. 
 Vice comes." 
 
 1401 Roger Thornton William Redmarshaes (Bo.); Redmarshell (Br.); Redmarshe (Ad.) 
 
 1402 Robert Chirdon John Bywellgne (Bo., Br., and Ad.) 
 
 1403 The same The same, Do. 
 
 1404 The same The same, Do. 
 
 1405 The same The same, Do. 
 
 1406* The same The same, Do. 
 
 1407 The same The same, Do. 
 
 1408 The same The same, Do. 
 
 1409+ William Anghton William Middleton, Do. 
 
 1410 The same The same, Do. 
 
 1411 The same The same, Do. 
 
 1412 The same The same, Do. 
 
 1413 The same The same, Do. 
 
 1414 Robert Hebborn The same, Do. 
 
 1415 The same. (See p. 253.) ... The same, Do. 
 
 1416 Roger Thornton John del Strother, Do. 
 
 1417 The same The same, Do. 
 
 1418 The same The same, Do. 
 
 1419 The same The same, Do. 
 
 1420* The same John de Bywell (Bo.); John del Strother (Br. and Ad.) 
 
 1421 William Essington Lawrence Acton (Bo. and Br.) ; John Bywell (Ad.) 
 
 1422 The same Thomas Chirdon (Bo.); John Chirdon (Br.) ; Lawrenc3 Acton (Ad.) 
 
 1423 William ElJerby Thomas Chirdon (Bo. and Ad.) ; John Chirdon (Br.) 
 
 1424 The same The same (Bo. and Ad.); John Chirdon (Br.) 
 
 1425 The same John Tray (Bo.); John Jay (Br.); Thomas Chirdon (Ad.) 
 
 1426 Roger Thornton The same (Bo.) ; John Jay (Br.) ; John Pray (Ad.) 
 
 1427 The same John Jay (Bo. and Br.); John Pray (Ad.) 
 
 1423 John Rhodes The same (Bo. and Br.) ; John Tay (Ad.) 
 
 1429 The same John Clark (Bo. and Br.) ; John Tay (Ad.) 
 
 1430 The same The same (Bo. and Br.); John Clark (Ad.) 
 
 1431 The same Edward Bartram (Bo.) ; Bertram (Br.) ; John Clark (Ad.) 
 
 The Carr MS. begins with 1432. (See p. 291.) 
 
 1432 Lawrence Acton Thomas Chirdon (Bo. and Br.); Edward Bartram (Ad. 1 and Ca.); 
 
 Robert Bartram (Ad. 2) 
 
 1433 The same Thomas Parpdie (Bo.) ; Thomas Penrith (Br.) ; Thomas Chirdon (Ca.) ; 
 
 Thomas Chirdon (Ad. 1) ; Thomas Chirton (Ad. 2) 
 
 1434 Richard Hall Richard Brown (Bo. and Br.); Thomas Pendreth (Ca.) ; Thomas 
 
 Parpdie (Ad. 1) ; Thomas Pendrith(Ad. 2) 
 
 1435 Robert Whelpington Thomas Wanlcll (Bo.) ; Wardel (Br.) ; Richard Brown (Ca. and Ad.) 
 
 1436] Richard Hall John Chambers (Bo. and Br.) ; Thomas Warde (Ca.) ; Thomas Wanlale 
 
 (Ad. 1) ; Thomas Ward (Ad. 2) 
 
 1437 Lawrence Acton Thomas Parpdie (Bo.) ; Thomas Pendreth (Br.) ; John Chamber {Ca.); 
 
 John Chambers (Ad.) 
 
 * William Johanson and William Redmershill. Arch. 1. N.S. ii. p. 33. 
 t William Langton. Arch. JEL O.S., iii. p. 31. 
 
 J John Strother and William Ellerby. Deed in All Saints' vestry (Br.) 
 Lawrence de Acton. Arch. ^El., N.S. i. p. 31. 
 || Robert Whelpington and Robert de Buthe. Deed in St. Andrew's vestry (Br.) 
 
 %* Bo. Bourne, Br. Brand. Ca. Carr MS. Ad. 1 and 2 Adamson MS., No 1. and No. 2. 
 
 Arch. *EL, 0.3. and N.S. Archaolegia ~liana, old and new series.
 
 430 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 MAYORS. SHERIFFS. 
 
 1438 Robert Whelpington ...... John Castle (Bo. and Br.) ; Thomas Pepady(Ca.); Thos. Parpdie (Ad.) 
 
 1439 John Clark ......... William Harding (Bo. and Br.); Thomas Castell (Ca.); John Castle 
 
 (Ad. 1) ; Thos. Castle (Ad. 2) 
 
 1440 John Chambers ......... John Musgrave (Bo. and Br.) ; William Harding (Ca. and Ad.) 
 
 1441 William Harding ......... Simon Weldon (Bo. and Br.) ; John Musgrave (Ca. and Ad.) 
 
 (Thomas Wardell (Bo., Br., and^j 
 Ad. 1) ............ [William Jay (Bo. and Br.); Symond Welton (Ca.) ; Simond Weldon 
 Thomas Warde (Ca.) ...... f (Ad. 1) ; Simond Welton (Ad. 2) 
 Th. Ward (Ad. 2) ...... J 
 
 1443 John Musgrave ......... Thomas Hedlam (Bo.); Thomas Headlam (Br.); William Jaye (Ca.) ; 
 
 Willm. Taye(Ad.) 
 
 1444 William Harding ......... Thomas Bee (Bo. and Br. ) ; Thomas Hedlem (Ca. ) ; Thos. Hedlam (Ad. ) 
 
 f William Jay ( Bo. and Br. ) ...} 
 
 1445<x William Jaye (Ca.) ...... VJohn Ward (Bo. and Br.) ; Thomas Bee (Ca. and Ad.) 
 
 ( Willm. Tay(Ad.) ...... ) 
 
 1446 William Harding ......... John Winton (Bo.); John Winton, alias Ovington (Br.) ; John Warde 
 
 (Ca.); Jno. Ward (Ad.) 
 
 1447 The same ............ Robert Baxter (Bo. and Br.); John Ovengton (Ca.); Jno. Winton 
 
 (Ad. 1) ; Joh. Ovington (Ad. 2) 
 
 1448 John Ward ......... John Richardson (Bo. and Br.) ; Robart Baxter (Ca.) ; Rob. Baxter (Ad.) 
 
 1449 William Harding ......... Allan Bird (Bo.); Alan Bird (Br.); John Richenson (Ca.) ; John 
 
 Richardson (Ad. 1) ; Joh. Richeson (Ad. 2) 
 
 1450 John Ward ......... George Can- (Bo. and Br. ); Allen Byrde (Ca. & Ad. 2) ; Allen Bird ( Ad. 1 ) 
 
 1451* Robert Baxter ......... John Baxter (Bo. and Br.) ; Allen Can- (Ca. and Ad. 2) ; Geo. Carr(Ad.l) 
 
 1452 William Harding ......... John Penreth (Bo. and Br.) ; John Baxter (Ca. and Ad.) 
 
 1453< John Carl' 1 (B \ '" (Nich. Wetwang (Bo. and Br.) ; John Pendreth (Ca. and Ad. 2) ; John 
 
 \John Carlell <Ca! and Ad" 2) '.".) Penrith < Ad ' 1} 
 
 (John Richardson (Bo., Br., and^ 
 Ad. 1) ............ I William Roddam (Bo. and Br.); Nicholas Wetwood (Ca. and Ad. 2); 
 John Richenson (Ca.) ...... | Nich. Wetwang (Ad. 1) 
 Joh. Richeson (Ad. 2) ...... J 
 
 1455 The same ............ Thomas Cuthbert (Bo. and Br.) ; William Roddame (Ca.); Willm. 
 
 Rodam (Ad.) 
 
 1456 The same ........... John Nixon (Bo. and Br.); Thomas Cuthbart (Ca.) ; Thomas Cuthbert 
 
 (Ad.) 
 
 1457 The same ............ Richard Stevenson (Bo. and Br.); John Nixson (Ca.) ; Jno. Nixon 
 
 (Ad.) 
 
 ..,,. /John Penrith (Bo., Br., and Ad. )\ Henry Fowler (Bo. and Br.); Richard Steavenson (Ca.); Richd. 
 { John Pendreth (Ca. and Ad. 2) j Stephenson (Ad. 1) ; Rich. Stevenson (Ad. 2) 
 
 (John Richardson (Bo., Br., and^j 
 Ad. 1) 
 John Richenson (Ca.) ...... f (Ad. 1) ; Joh. Fewler (Ad. 2) 
 
 I^John Richeson (Ad. 2) ...... J 
 
 f John Baxter (Bo., Br., and Ad. 1)1 Nicholas Hayning (Bo. and Br.); William Rodame (Ca.); Richard 
 1 Robert Baxter (Ca. and Ad. 2) C Stevenson (Ad. 1) ; Willm. Roddam (Ad. 2) 
 
 . 1) ............ I Richard Stevenson (Bo. and Br.) ; Henry Fwiler (Ca.); Hen. Fowler 
 
 146l| J Ad t) ChardS n (B " Br " and l Nick WetwanS (B - and BrO; Nicholas Hayninge (Ca.) ; Nich. 
 | John' Richeson (Ca. andld. 2)J ^^ ^ 
 
 * Robert Baxter, mayor, and Alan Carr, sheriff. Deed in All Saints' vestry, dated 31st May 1452 (Br. ) 
 
 ** Bo. Bourne. Br. Brand. Ca. Carr MS. Ad. 1 and 2 Adamson MS., No. 1 and No. 2. 
 
 Arch. JEL, O.S. and N.S. Archccologia ^Eliana, old and new series.
 
 APPENDIX. 431 
 
 MAYORS. SHERIFFS. 
 
 (Allan Bird (Bo. and Br.) 
 Allen Birde (Ca.) 
 Allen Bird (Ad. 1) 
 
 Henry Foster (Bo.) ; Henry Forster (Br.) ; Nicholas Wetwang (Ca. and 
 Ad. 1) ; Nich. Wetwood (Ad. 2) 
 
 I Allen Byrde (Ad. 2) ... 
 
 1463 The same William Blaxton (Bo. and Br.); Henry Fwiler (Ca.); Hen. Forster 
 
 (with various spellings) (Ad. 1) ; Henry Fewler (Ad. 2) 
 
 1464 John Nixon Nicholas Hayning (Bo. and Br.) ; William Blaxston (Ca. and Ad.) 
 
 1465 Alan Bird William Thompson (Bo. and Br.); Nicholas Hayning (Ca. and Ad.) 
 
 (with various spellings) 
 
 1466 John Nixon Robert Chambers (Bo. and Br.); William Tompson (Ca.) ; William 
 
 Thompson (Ad, ) 
 
 1467 William Blaxstou John Esington (Bo. and Br.) ; Robert Chamber (Ca.) ; Robert 
 
 Chambers (Ad.) 
 
 1468 John Nixon John Cook (Bo. and Br.); John Esington (Ca. and Ad. 1): Joh. 
 
 Essington (Ad. 2) 
 (Richard Stephenson (Bo., Br.,^ 
 
 1469< and Ad.) Uohn Fisher (Bo. and Br.) ; John Cooke (Ca.) ; John Cook (Ad.) 
 
 (^ Richard Steavenson (Ca. ) . . . J 
 
 1470 William Blaxston Thomas Lockwood (Bo.) ; Thomas Lokwood (Br.); John Fysher (Ca.) ; 
 
 John Fisher (Ad.) 
 
 1471 John Nixon John Carr (Bo. and Br.) ; Thomas Lockwood (Ca. and Ad.) 
 
 1472 William Blaxston Thomas Snaw (Bo.) ; Thomas Snow (Br.); George Carr (Ca.) ; John 
 
 Carr (Ad.) 
 
 1473 The same Robert Harding (Bo. and Br.); Thomas Snawe (Ca.); Thomas Snow 
 
 (Ad.) 
 
 1474 Nicholas Hayning William Hodgson (Bo.) ; William Hodshon (Br.) ; Robert Harding (Ca. 
 
 (various spellings. and Ad.) 
 
 Seep. 366.) 
 
 1475 j John CarMHCa.)^' " L Jolm Ram P le t 50 -); John Semple (Br.); William Hodshon (Ca.); 
 
 "f William Hodgson (Ad.) 
 John Carliele(Ad.) 
 
 1476 The same Peter Bewick (Bo. and Br.); John Sempell (Ca. and Ad. 2); John 
 
 (with various spellings) Rample (Ad. 1) 
 
 1477 John Cook John Heaton(Bo. and Br.) ; Fetter Bewicke(Ca.) ; Peter Bewick (Ad.) 
 
 1478 Robert Chambers John Ridsdale (Bo. and Br.); John Hilton (Ca.); John Heaton (Ad. 1) ; 
 
 Jno. Hillton (Ad. 2) 
 
 -n/"I ! m ? amP 1 le , ( ^' ""f^'m "') William Scott (Bo.); William Scot (Br.); John Ridsdall (Ca.); John 
 14/9< John Semple (Br. and Ad. 2) ... > ,,., ,, ... ,v T \. D-J IH/AJ o\ 
 
 ' l Ridsdale (Ad. 1) ; John Ridsdell (Ad. 2) 
 ^ John Sempell (Ca.) ) 
 
 (John Carlisle (Bo.. Br. and Ad. 1)"} , T , 
 14SO< John Carlell (Ca.) I William Bewley (Bo.) ; William Bewick (Br.) ; \\ ilham Scott (Ca. and 
 
 (johnCarllell(Ad. 2) ) Ad- * 
 
 14S1 George Carr William Cunningham (Bo. and Br.); William Bwyly (Ca.); William 
 
 Bewick (Ad. 1) ; Will. Bewley (Ad. 2). (See p. 330) 
 
 1482 John Cook Robert Harding (Bo., Br., and Ca.); William Cunningham and Rob. 
 
 Harding (Ad.) 
 
 * A note in Adamson 2 states that " In a deed belonging to St. Amir. Ch., N. 23, bearing date 15 Ed. IV., 
 there's mention of ... lett (perhaps Lancellet) Mungo, mayor; and Will. Hudson, sheriff." (See the same 
 deed quoted from the Brockett MS., on p. 370, and note the confusion here " lett Mungo," for ... " lell tin- 
 younger.") 
 
 %* Bo. Bourne. Br. Brand. Ca. Carr MS. Ad. 1 and 2 Adamson MS., No. 1. and Xo. '2. 
 
 Arch. JEL, O.S. and N.S. Arclucolvr/ia JUliana, old and new series.
 
 432 NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD. 
 
 MAYORS. SHERIFFS. 
 
 f John Carlisle (Bo. and Br. ) . . . ^ 
 14S3< John Carlell (Ca.) I Robert Stockett (Bo. and Br.) ; Robert Stokell (Ca. and Ad.) 
 
 ( Jno. Carlile (Ad.) ... ... ) 
 
 1484 George Carr George Bird (Bo., Br., and Ad.); George Byrde (Ca.) 
 
 Robert Chambers (Bo., Br., Ad. 1)\ Thomas Harbourn (Bo., Br., and Ad. 1); Thomas Hardbread (Ca.) ; 
 Richard Chamber (Ca. and Ad. 2) J Th. Hardbrede (Ad. 2) 
 
 1486 George Carr Robert Brigham (Bo., Br., Ca., and Ad.) 
 
 1487 The same John Penrith (Bo. and Ad. 1); John Penreth (Br.); John Pendreth 
 
 (Ca. and Ad. 2) 
 
 , .gg f Thomas Lockwood (Bo., Br., Ca.)| William Richardson (Bo., Br., and Ad. 1) ; William Richeson (Ca. and 
 (Thos. Locwood(Ad.) j Ad. 2) 
 
 1489 George Carr William Chambers (Bo., Br., and Ad. 1); William Gamboe (Ca.) ; 
 
 Will. Cambee (Ad. 2). (See p. 392) 
 
 1490 Peter Bewick Thomas Morpeth (Bo., Br., Ca., and Ad.) 
 
 1491 George Carr Robert Harding (Bo., Br., Ca., and Ad.) 
 
 { ) Earth. Young (Bo.) ; Bartholomew Young, alias Younghusband (Br.) ; 
 
 1492< The same ) Bartram Younghusband (Ca.); Bar. Young (Ad. 1); Bar. Young- 
 
 ( j husband (Ad. 2) 
 
 , 4 no ( George Bird (Bo., Br., and Ad. 1) I Thomas Harbreck (Bo.) ; -xliomas Hardbread (Br. and Ca.) ; Thos. 
 (George Carr (Ca. and Ad. 2) ... J Herbeck (Ad. 2) ; Th. Hardbreade (Ad. 2) 
 
 IAQAJ n TV i \ Thomas Grame (Bo.) ; Thomas Green (Br. and Ad. 2) ; Thomas Greene 
 
 94 | G< - / (Ca.) ; Thos. Graham (Ad. 1) 
 
 1495 The same Christopher Brigham (Bo., Br., and Ad.) ; Xpofer Brigham (Ca.) 
 
 1496 The same William Hayning (Bo., Br., and Ad.) ; William Haynenge (Ca.) 
 
 1497 Robert Harding William Davell (Bo., Ca., and Ad. 1); William Davel (Br.); Will. 
 
 Davill (Ad. 2) 
 
 1498 George Carr John Penrith (with varied spellings) 
 
 1499 Robert Brigham John Snow (Bo., Br., and Ad. 1) ; John Snawe (Ca. and Ad. 2) 
 
 1500 George Carr William Ridle (Bo. and Ad. 1) ; Thomas Riddell (Ca.) ; Willm. Riddel 
 
 (Br. and Ad. 2) 
 
 ** Bo. Bourne. Br. Brand. Ca. Carr MS. Ad. 1 and 2 Adamson MS., No. 1 and No. 2. 
 
 Arch. jEL, O.S. and N.S. Archceologia JEliana,, old and new series.
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 433 
 
 III. Members of Parliament for Newcastle, 
 From 1295 to 1478. 
 
 YEAR. EDWARD I. 
 
 1295 Hugh Carliol and Peter Graper 
 1'293 Peter Graper and John Scott. 
 102 1 Nicholas Carliol and Thomas Clerk 
 
 ( Nicholas Carliol and Thomas Frismarisco 
 
 1305 Peter Graper aud Thomas Frismarisco 
 
 1306 Peter Graper and Gilbert Fleming 
 
 1307 Nicholas Scott and John Scott 
 
 EDWARD II. 
 
 1307 Gilbert Fleming and Peter Fisher 
 
 1309 John, son of Henry Scott, and Gilbert Hawkin 
 
 1311 Richard Emeldon and Nicholas Carliol 
 
 1312 Gilbert Fleming and John Keteringham(?) 
 1 01 o f Gilbert Fleming and John Keteringham 
 
 ( Thomas Carliol and Robert Surtees 
 1314 Nicholas Scott and Richard Emeldon 
 1320 Nicholas Scott and John Scott 
 1322 N icholas Scott and Robert Angerton 
 
 1324 Richard Emeldon and Gilbert Hawkin 
 
 1325 Richard Enieldon and Adam Graper 
 
 EDWARD III. 
 
 13 9 8 ^ Ri cnar ^ Emeldon and Thomas Danliu 
 ( Richard Emeldon and Adam Graper 
 
 1330 William Buruton and Gilbert Hawkin 
 
 1331 John Denton and Robert Tughale 
 
 1332 Richard Emeldon and John Denton 
 
 1334 John Denton and Hugh Hecham 
 
 1335 John Emeldon and Richard Hette 
 1338 Peter Angerton and Thomas Halliwell 
 
 Robert Halliwell and Thomas Halliwell 
 Nicholas Acton and John Emeldon 
 John Denton and Richard Galloway 
 William Emeldon and Hugh Sadlingstones 
 Edmund Widdrington and John Chambers 
 William Acton and Robert Angerton 
 ( Robert Angerton and Robert Penrith 
 1343 < Peter Graper and William Acton 
 
 (Thomas Worship and John Reynauld (?) 
 1351 John Chambers and Nicholas Roddam 
 1358 William Strother and Nicholas Roddam 
 
 1360 William Strother and John Stanhope 
 
 1361 John Chambers and John Stanhope 
 
 1362 John Chambers and Robert Duxneld 
 
 1365 Robert [Angerton] and William A[cton] 
 
 1366 William Acton and Hugh Hawkin 
 
 1371 Richard Acton and Robert Angerton 
 
 1372 Robert Angerton and Lawrence Acton 
 
 1373 Nicholas Sabram and Lawrence Acton 
 
 1376 Nicholas Sabram and Lawrence Acton 
 
 1377 Thomas Chambers and John Howell 
 
 1339 
 
 1340 
 1341 
 1344 
 1346 
 
 1377 
 1378 
 1380 
 1381 
 
 RICHARD II. 
 
 John Bulkham and Richard Stanhope 
 Richard Stanhope and William Bishopdale 
 Nicholas Sabram and John Howell 
 William Bishopdale and John Bulkham 
 
 1382 Sampson Harding and William Redmarshall 
 
 TEAIl. 
 
 1383 John Bulkham and Robert Oliver 
 
 1384 John Howell and Sampson Harding 
 
 1385 Stephen Whitgray, or Whitgrave, and Sampson 
 
 Harding 
 
 1386 Lawrence Acton and Philip Howell 
 
 1388 William Bishopdale and Sampson Harding 
 
 1390 William Bishopdale and Stephen Whitgray 
 
 1391 William Bishopdale and Lawrence Acton 
 
 1392 John Moreton and Richard Langston (?) 
 
 1393 Henry Kersell and Thomas Dirindon (?) 
 1395 John Moreton and William Langton 
 
 1397 Sampson Harding and William Redmarshall 
 
 1397 Lawrence Acton, sen., and William Redmarshall 
 
 HENRY IV. 
 
 1399 Lawrence Acton and Roger Thornton 
 
 1401 Richard Bennett and Robert Darcy 
 
 1402 Richard Beverley and Robert Darcy 
 
 1406 John Paulin and Robert Hebborn 
 
 1407 William Johnson and William Langton 
 1411 Roger Thornton and Roger Booth 
 
 HENRY V. 
 
 1413 Richard Dalton and Robert Whelpington 
 , ,, . ( William Middleton and Robert Swinburne 
 ( William Johnson and Robert Whelpington 
 1417 Roger Thornton and John Strother 
 
 1419 Roger Thornton and John Strother 
 
 1420 John Wall and Roger Booth 
 
 MOI ) John Strother and Emeric Herring 
 14jl t William Ellerby and Roger Booth 
 
 HENRY VI. 
 
 1422 Robert Whelpington and Emeric Herring 
 
 1423 Robert Whelpington and Roger Booth 
 
 1425 William Meadowcroft and Adoniar Herring 
 
 1426 Simon Weldon and Robert Swinburne 
 
 1427 William Meadowcroft and Robert Rhodes 
 1429 Robert Rhodes and Thomas Papeday 
 
 1431 Lawrence Acton and Robert Rhodes 
 
 1432 Lawrence Acton and Robert Rhodes 
 
 1433 William Harding and Robert Rhodes 
 1435 Edward Bartram and Robert Rhodes 
 1437 Lawrence Acton and Robert Rhodes 
 1442 Robert Rhodes and Robert Heworth 
 1447 William Harding and Thomas Morrislaw 
 1 . .. ( William Harding and John Dalton 
 
 ( Robert Heworth and Robert Baxter 
 1450 John Ward and Richard Weldon 
 1453 William Harding and Robert Heworth 
 1455 Alan Bird and John Peurith 
 1459 John Richardson and John Penrith 
 
 EDWARD IV. 
 
 1467 John Wood and Richard Weldon 
 1472 William Blaxton aud Robert Kolbcrry 
 1478 John Carliol and John Essington 
 
 %* Returns for the rest of the 15th century have been lost.
 
 434 LIST OF ENGRAVINGS, 
 
 LIST OF ENGRAVINGS. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 The Black Gate, east side xii. 
 
 St. Andrew's Church 52 
 
 The Castle .74 
 
 Steeple of St. Nicholas' Church 107 
 
 View in Grindon Chare 136 
 
 The King's Chamber in the Castle 178 
 
 The New Gate in 1400 230 
 
 Turrets on the Walls 231 
 
 The White Cross 247 
 
 Chancel of the Virgin Mary Hospital 250 
 
 Stone Figure in St. Nicholas' Church 2G3 
 
 Ruins of St. Mary's Chapel, Jesmond 275 
 
 The Maison Dieu, on the Sandhill 283 
 
 The original Gale Cross 302 
 
 St. Mary's Well, Black Friars' Monastery 308 
 
 The New Gate, 14th Century (second view) 310 
 
 The White Friar Tower 324 
 
 Ruins of Corner Tower . 342 
 
 Part of the Black Friars' Monastery 3CO 
 
 Reputed Chapel of St. John of Jerusalem ......... 362 
 
 West Spital Tower 372 
 
 Ruins of Pink Tower 378 
 
 Ruins of the Earl's Inn 383 
 
 Byker Manor House . 3S5 
 
 Ancient Window in St. Nicholas', South Transept . 403 
 
 Piscina in the Crypt of St. Nicholas' ......... 409 
 
 The old Church of All Saints' 414 
 
 ERRATA. 
 
 Page 39, line 1, for save and to hold read have and to hold. 
 
 ,, 100 ,, 4 ,, 3s. rent ,, 3s. 4d. rent. 
 
 ,, 138 ,, 19 ,, Henry Glassen Wright ,, Henry Glassen, wright. 
 
 ,, 163 ,, 9 ,, cotton thread ,, linen thread. 
 
 208 36 ,, 1847 1857. 
 
 ,, 241 ,, 14 ,, Shreiff ,, Sheriff. 
 
 ,, 242 ,, 36 ,, quits claim ,, quitclaims. 
 
 ,, 256 ,, 3 ,, or one year ,, for one year. 
 
 ,, 260 ,, 33 ,, monoply ,, monopoly. 
 
 ,, 263 ,, 20 ,, old style or new style ,, historical or legal year. 
 
 ,, 271 ,, 1 ,, one have diverse ,, every one have diverse. 
 
 ,, 275 ,, 12 ,, amiably ,, amicably. 
 
 ,, 291 ,, 39 ,, corroborate in ,, corroborate it in. 
 
 ,, 314 ,, 19 ,, St. Olive's ,, St. Olaves. 
 
 ,, 349 ,, 22 ,, came agayn ,, come agayn. 
 
 359 ,, 35 ,, Robert Schyplaw Smith ,, Robert Schyplaw, smith. 
 
 360 ,, 1 do. do. 
 
 ,, 3G3 ,, 35 ,, presume, do hurt ,, presume to hurt.
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Abell, John, property in Newcastle, 158 
 
 Abletson, William, house in Gateshead, 367 
 
 Abraham Close, 396 
 
 Acknowledgments of married women, 27 
 
 Acliff, Richard, chaplain, 214 
 
 Acton, Catherine, 310 
 
 Acton, Elizabeth, 182, 211 
 
 Acton, Isolda, masses for, 158 
 
 Acton, Lawrence, alderman, 298 ; bailiff, 184, 
 187, 188, 189, 198, 199, 204, 205, 206, 
 207, 210, 211, 212, 214, 219 ; sheriff, 266, 
 269 ; mayor, 216, 218, 219, 220, 277, 278, 
 
 291, 292, 293, 294, 297, 299 ; M.P., 179, 
 181, 183, 187, 204, 212, 220, 223, 289, 
 
 292, 297 ; named, 159, 180, 184, 199, 205, 
 294, 295, 355. 
 
 Acton, Mary, wife of William, 158 
 
 Acton, Nicholas, bailiff, 148, 152; M.P., 
 104 
 
 Acton, Richard, bailiff, 12, 34, 37, 39, 40, 
 43, 44, 49, 53, 58 ; mayor, 79, 83, 88, 92 ; 
 M.P., 179; pardoned, 30; complains to 
 the king, 33 ; marriage of, 81 ; witness, 
 86 ; repair of West Gate, 100 ; fined, 112 ; 
 named, 65, 310 
 
 Acton, William, bailiff, 94, 99, 110, 117, 
 118, 121, 122, 127, 128, 129, 132, 133, 135, 
 137, 138, 141, 142, 143, 144, 146, 147, 148, 
 154, 156, 160, 164, 165, 166 ; mayor, 166, 
 168, 181, 183; M.P., 127, 132, 166; 
 named, 88, 158 ; grant of land to, 76 ; 
 witness, 92 ; house on castle mote, 95 ; 
 summoned to royal conference, 106 ; fined, 
 112 ; charge against, 124 ; to impress 
 ships, 178, 181 
 
 Acton, William, sen., juror, 126 
 
 Acton, William, jun., gift to Virgin Mary 
 hospital, 142 
 
 Acum, John, merchant, 323 
 
 Ada, daughter of Edward II., buried, 59 
 
 Aklome, Cleveland, 239 
 
 Akewellgate, property in, 267 
 
 Akum, Robert, juror, 285 
 
 Alan, priest of Gateshead, 25, 27, 38, 61, 73, 
 77, 236 
 
 Alan, vicar of Whickham, 173 
 
 Aldegaole, the, 93 
 
 Aldermen, to be elected, 227 
 
 Algoi, Alicia, messuage in Newcastle, 39, 76 
 
 Algoi, Simon, messuage in Newcastle, 39, 76 
 
 Allenby, Hugh, property in Newcastle, 158 
 
 Allenson, John, of Gateshead, 394 
 
 Allerton, William, witness, 27 
 
 Allhallow Bank, 50 
 
 Allhallow Gate, 287, 386 
 
 Almsheles, John, of Gateshead, 96 
 
 Almshouses for bedridden people, 281 
 
 Alnwick Castle taken, 345, 346, 347 
 
 Alnwick, John, butcher, 256 
 
 Alnwick, Robert, chaplain, 221 
 
 Alverton, William, witness, 39 
 
 Ambell, Robert, chaplain, 215 
 
 Anchorage School, Gateshead, 107 
 
 Anchoress in Gateshead churchyard, 107 
 
 Anchorite in Newcastle, 244 
 
 Angerton, Hugh, bailiff, 122, 127, 128, 120, 
 
 132, 135, 138 ; witness, 92 ; summoned to 
 
 royal conference, 106 
 Angerton, Peter, M.P., 101 
 Angerton, Robert, bailiff, 43, 53, 54, 58 ; 
 
 mayor, 162, 164, 165, 175, 177 ; M.P., 55, 
 
 127, 132, 165, 179, 181; pardoned, 30; 
 juror, 126; wool weigher, 127; witness, 
 
 128, 145 ; to impress ships, 131 ; property 
 in Newcastle, 158, 199 ; masses for, 158 ; 
 ex-mayor, 173 
 
 Angerton, Roger, bailiff, 66, 69 
 
 Angrym, " Sir " Peter, chaplain, 192 
 
 Angus, Lady Lucy, will of, 36 
 
 Apilby, John, master of hospital, 161, 163 
 
 Appre'ton, John, bailiff, 216, 217, 218 
 
 Archers from Newcastle for the king, 331, 
 
 385 
 
 Ardern, Peter, chief baron, 322 
 Armies (see " Military Array ") 
 Armynn, William, 23 
 Arncliffe, Hugh, priest, 167, 170 
 Arthur, " Sir " Thomas, curate, 409 
 Ashley, Sir John, 346 
 Ashton, John and Margaret, 285 
 Ask, Eleanor and Conan, 277 
 Aspele, John, trial of, 36 
 Assheby, William, of Gatesh,!. 3.14 
 Athol, Sir Aymer, 198, 205, 208, 215
 
 436 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Atte Gore, John, deputy butler, 20 
 Auckland, John, prior, pardoned, 389 
 Audley, Hugh, payment of, 41 
 Audley, James, payment of, 113 
 Aukland, John, bailiff, 206, 210, 212, 214, 
 
 219 
 Aukland, John of, property in Newcastle, 
 
 242 
 
 Austin Chare, 355 
 Axwell, manor of, 249 
 Ayer, Adam, 95 
 Ayremyn, William, rector of Wearmouth, 
 
 41 
 Aysmyth, "William, 287 
 
 Bagot, Nicholas, bailiff, 147, 148, 152, 154, 
 
 156, 158, 160 
 Bailiffs, list of, 415 
 
 Bailiffs, manner of electing the, 115, 125 
 Baker, Margaret, theft by, 321 
 Baker, William, chaplain, 406 
 Balderdale, William, shipowner, 115 
 Baliol renders homage to Edward III., 84 ; 
 
 surrenders his crown, 147 
 Bamborough Castle captured, 345, 347, 353 
 Bamburgh, John, chaplain, 218 
 Bank, John, property in Gateshead, 268 
 Bannockburn, battle of, 31, 32, 33 
 Barber, Henry, property in Newcastle, 378 
 Barber, Hugh, property in Gateshead, 268 
 Barber, John, 222 
 Bardelby Robert, 19, 23, 49 
 Barker, John, merchant, 260 
 Barker, Robert, bequest to, 283 
 Barker, Robert, clerk, 330 
 Barlay, William, 396 
 Barlegh, William, wool weigher, 127 
 Barnardcastle, castle of, 344 
 Barnardcastle, John of, 95 
 Barnardcastle, John, rector of Gateshead, 
 
 166, 186 
 
 Barnardcastle, Richard, clerk, 180 
 Barnes, Thomas, 396 
 Barnet, battle of, 359 
 Baron, Edith and William, 214 
 Baron, John, Pandon, 49, 58 
 Baroun, John, gift to Dominicans, 73 
 Barras Bridge, 184 
 Barrot, Nicholas (see "Bagot") 
 Barton, Conan, 268, 301, 320, 396, 406 
 Barton, Joan, 268 
 Barton, Robert, 396 
 Barton, William, elector, 315 
 Bartram, Edward, sheriff, 292, 293, 295 
 Bartram, Edward, M.P., 296 
 Bathre, John, rector of Gateshead, 195 
 Baty, John, 95 
 Baugy Bridge, battle of, 267 
 Baxter, Joan, prioress, 389, 393, 308 
 Baxter, John, elector, 315 
 Baxter, John, sheriff, 328, 331 
 Baxter, Nicholas, house of, 282 
 Baxter, Peter, and his wife, 262 
 Baxter, Robert, elector, 315 ; sheriff, 318, 
 
 321 ; mayor, 325, 328, 341, 343 ; M.P., 
 
 321 ; merchant, 323 
 Baxter, Thomas, ordained priest, 407 
 Baxter, William, annuity, 403 
 
 Beadnell, 403 
 
 Beards shaven, 147 
 
 Beaumont, Bishop, appointed, 40 ; assaulted 
 
 and captured, 42 ; ordered to return to 
 
 Durham, 58 ; death of, 82 
 Beaumont, Henry, captured, 42 
 Beaufort, Thomas, admiral of the north, 238 
 Bedford, Agnes, will of, 340, 367 
 Bedford, Duke of , property in Newcastle, 314 
 Bedford, William, commissioner of coal- 
 dues, 269 ; petition of, 307 
 Bedlington, Beatrice, 199, 242 
 Bedyn, William, 177 
 Bee, Thomas, sheriff, 313, 314 ; elector, 315; 
 
 merchant, 323 
 
 Bek, bishop of Durham, death of, 18 
 Belford, Amisia, prioress, 163, 170 
 Bell, Gilbert, of Gateshead, 74 
 Bell, Robert, of Gateshead, 396 
 Bell, wife of Richard, 396 
 Bell, Thomas, of Gateshead, 73 
 Bellasis, Mrs. Alice, 312 
 Bellingham, Robert, witness, 186 
 Bell's Acre, Gateshead, 288 
 Belsize, John, land at Stannington, 285 
 Beltoft, Robert, property in Gateshead, 186 
 Benet, Dionysia, land in Newcastle, 14 
 Benet, William, juror, 270 
 Benley, Edward, port surveyor, 389 
 Bennet, Bartholomew,. 30 
 Bennet, Richard, M.P., 231 
 Bentley, Thomas, chaplain, 176, 2C5 
 Benton Great, 284 
 Benton Little, 410 
 Benton, Sir Adam, 29 
 Benton, Janet, 396 
 Benton, John, son of Robert, 171 
 Benton, Robt., ordained priest, 407 
 Benton, Thomas, chaplain, 399 
 Beremarket, the, 207, 211 
 Beremarket Gate, the, 232, 378 
 Bere Street, property in, 335 
 Bermyngham, Robert, monk, 23 
 Bertram, Robert, public notary, 375 
 Bertram, Sir Robt., of Bothal, 128, 140 
 Bertram, William, Esquire, 324 
 Berwick, armed men from Newcastle at, 3C 
 Eery, John, juror, 126 
 Best, "Sir" Robert, chantiy priest, 406 
 Bevercote, William, clerk, 64 
 Beverley, Richard, M.P., 234 
 Bewick, John, merchant, 408 
 Bewick, Peter, governor of the Merchants' 
 
 Company, 395 ; sheriff, 374, 376 ; mayor, 
 
 395, 398 
 
 Bewley, William, sheriff, 380, 382 
 Bicol, Thomas and Agnes, 177 
 Biddick, Norman and Katharine, 92 
 Bille, John, of Gateshead, 96 
 Billy, William, of Chester-le-Street, 357 
 Bingfield, Henry, 222 
 Bird, Alan, elector, 315 ; merchant, 323 ; 
 
 sheriff, 322, 325 ; mayor, 345, 346, 350, 
 
 354, 355 ; M.P., 335 
 Bird, George, alderman, 395, 398 ; sheriff, 
 
 386, 387 ; mayor, 404, 405, 406, 407 ; 
 
 merchant, 397 ; grantee of Earl's Inn, 
 
 383
 
 INDEX. 
 
 437 
 
 Bird, John, collector of customs, 389 ; elector, 
 
 315 ; merchant, 323 ; named, 359 
 Bird, Margaret, 412 
 Bird, William, property in Newcastle, 383 ; 
 
 named, 359 
 
 Birtley, John, coroner, 256 
 Bishopdale, Elizabeth, wife of William, 222 
 Bishopdale, Joan, Margaret, and Isabella, 
 
 222 
 
 Bishopdale, the wife of John, 195 
 Bishopdalc, William, bailiff, 193 ; mayor, 
 
 198, 199, 211, 212, 214, 216, 219, 257 ; 
 
 M.P., 190, 197, 206, 211, 212; property 
 
 in Newcastle, 235 ; controller, 194 ; will 
 
 of, 222 ; witness, 199 
 Bishops, Scottish, at Newcastle, 11 
 Bitchburn, Isabel, property in Gateshead, 
 
 365 
 
 Black Book of Hexham, 377 
 Black Jack, or Jaques, beheaded, 353 
 Blagdon, the vill of, 310 
 Blagdon, John, son of Adam, bailiff, 1, 4 
 Blakeden, Adam, bailiff, 99, 101 
 Blakestou, William, merchant, 357 
 Blaklambe, William, juror, 126 
 Blakston, William, property in Newcastle, 
 
 383 
 
 Blanchland monastery, 282 
 Bland, John, master of Magdalen hospital, 
 
 184 
 Blaxton, William, alderman, 366 ; sheriff, 
 
 350, 354 ; mayor, 356, 357, 359, 361, 363, 
 
 365, 366; M.P., 363 
 Bledy, Peter, property in Newcastle, 361 
 Blenkinsop, J., yeoman, 357 
 Blenkow, Master John, 30 
 Blenkyn, Richard, 62 
 Blida, William, All Saints', 49, 58 
 Blonk, "Sir" Peter, chaplain, 197 
 Blount, Stephen, receiver of victuals, 39, 49 ; 
 
 to distribute wine, 47 
 Blyth, William, of Durham, 406 
 Bointon, Isolda, 44 
 Bointon, William, 44 
 Bolbeck, manor of, 306 
 Boltby, William, witness, 268 
 Bolton, John, chamberlain of Berwick, 17:2 
 Bolton, Matthew, vicar of Newcastle, 184 
 Bolton, Richd. , ordained, 93 
 Boner, John, claims sanctuary, 406 
 Boniface VIII., bull of, 5 
 Bonmarch, Henry, castle encroachment, 95 
 Bonner, John, theft from, 293 
 Bonour, John, rector of Gateshead, 276 
 Booth, Laurence, appointed bp. of Durham, 
 
 337 ; translated, 373 
 Booth, Robert, 296 
 
 Booth, Roger, M.P., 248, 265, 266, 270, 296 
 Boots with peaked toes, 358 
 Boroden, Margaret, 390 
 Boston William, prior, 273 
 Bosworth Field, battle of, 337 
 Bothal, Sir Alan Ilcton of, 248 
 Boterell, John, bailiff of (latcshcad, 255; 
 
 property in Gateshead, 245 
 Boterell, John, of Winlaton, 256 
 Bnvaria, Clement, Gateshead, 236 
 Boweman, Peter, to impress ships, 310 
 
 Bower Chare, 383, 393 
 
 Bower, John, chaplain, 213 
 
 Bower, William, of Gateshead, 213 
 
 Bowes, Adam, bishop's commissioner, 123 
 
 Bowes, Matilda, 267 
 
 Bowes, Sir Robert, 267 
 
 Bowes, Thomas, bailiff of Gateshead, 27, 39 ; 
 
 named, 178, 237 
 
 Bowes, Wni., excommunicated, 117 
 Bowes, Sir William, 267 
 Bowet, pardon for theft, 263 
 Boynton, Christopher, J.P., 301, 320, 322 
 Boyd, William, merchant, 323 
 Bradbury and the Isle, manor of, 385 
 Bradford, Hugh, son of Adam, 38 
 Bradshaw, beheaded at Hexham, 353 
 Bramham Moor, battle of, 244 
 Brampton, John, witness, 188 
 Brand, John, 9 
 
 Brandon, Alicia, property in Newcastle, 158 
 Brantingham, Wm., Gateshead hospital, 192 
 Breddock, Ralph, witness, 27 
 Breton, John, of Gateshead, 96 
 Brice, Henry, fuller, 368 
 Brigge-meadow, Swalwell, 142 
 Brigges, in Flanders, 323 
 Brigham, Christopher, sheriff, 405, 406 
 Brigham, Robert, sheriff, 388, 389 ; mayor, 
 
 409, 410 
 
 Bright, William, executed, 353 
 Brinkburn Priory, 282 
 Britley, John, coal lessee, 170 
 Broad Chare, the, 218, 2S2, 285, 400 
 Brokford, John, draper, 368 
 Brooninghill, John, of Gateshead, 96 
 Broughton, Roland, elector, 315 
 Brown, Adam, Gateshead, 236 
 Brown, Elizabeth, feloniously killed, 2G5 
 Brown, John, grocer, Newcastle, 300 
 Brown, John, of Gateshead, 338 ; named, 
 
 365 
 
 Brown, Richard, sheriff, 295, 296 
 Brown, Stephen, lord mayor of London, 300 
 Brown, William, freeholder of Gateshead, 
 
 378 ; named, 397 
 Brown, William, wife of, 396 
 Bruce, Robert, crowned, 11 
 Brunton, Walter, 30 
 Bru'pton, John, bequest to, 2S3 
 Brusyard, Andrew, shipowner, 300 
 Brydok, Ralph, witness, 237 
 Bukley, Richard, clerk, 293 
 Bulkham, Andrew, 244 
 Bulkham, John, bailiff, 17.', 177, 181, 1 C 1; 
 
 mayor, 184, 187, 188, 189, 204, 206, 207 ; 
 
 M.P., 188, 197, 200; property in Now- 
 
 castle, 242 
 
 Bullock, Ralph, Elswick colliery, 78 
 Bulman, John, of London, 368 
 Bulmer, Robert, juror, 316 
 Bulmer, William, property in Gateshead, 
 
 267 
 
 Bulteflour, Thomas and William, 279 
 Burdon, John, chamberlain of Berwick, 01 
 Burdon, Wm., vicar of Newcastle, 21, UO, 
 
 36, 76, 107 
 
 Burgh, Matilda, penance, 261 
 Burn Bank, accident at, 52, 105 
 
 29
 
 438 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Burn, John, chaplain, 172 
 
 Buruham, William, prior, 233, 250 
 
 Burn toft, Wm., physician, 23 
 
 Buruton, Henry, charge against, 5 
 
 Burnton, Roger, chaplain, 50 
 
 Burnton, Thomas, charge against, 124 ; 
 bailiff, 105, 108, 110 
 
 Burnton, William, bailiff, 12, 28, 31, 34, 35, 
 37, 40, 43, 44, 49, 53, 54, 57, 60, 62, 64, 
 66, 69, 71, 72 ; mayor, 72, 75 ; mayor of 
 Berwick, 91; M.P., 73; pardoned, 30; 
 complaint against, 124 ; witness, 14 
 
 Burradon, 403 
 
 Burradon, Gilbert, 54 
 
 Burrell, John, tailor, 396 
 
 Burrell, Margaret, 396 
 
 Borraden, Gilbert, sheriff of Northumber- 
 land, 104 
 
 Burton Chare, 403 
 
 Burton, Robert, of Gateshead, 396 
 
 Butbe, Robert, 222 
 
 Buthe, Roger, elector, 315 
 
 Butler, James, executed, 344 
 
 Butler, John, executed, 353 
 
 Bury, bishop, appointed, 82 ; death of, 123 
 
 Bury, John, 95 
 
 Byker, manor of, 107, 151, 210, 240, 349, 
 394 
 
 Byker, John, bailiff, 164, 166, 168, 172, 185, 
 186 ; ordained, 88, 100, 102 ; witness, 
 158 
 
 Byers, Stephen, butcher, 406 
 
 Byrom, wife of Stephen, 396 
 
 Bywell, manor of, 306 
 
 Bywell, John, sheriff, 234, 235, 238, 239, 
 241, 243, 245 ; witness, 247 
 
 Caistor, William, 260 
 
 Calais, Newcastle ships at the siege of, 128 ; 
 
 capture of, 131 ; grain to, 135 
 Cale Cross, the, 50, 95, 158, 218, 378, 395 
 Calegarth in Broad Chare, 218 
 Camboe, William, sheriff, 392, 395 
 Cambus, Stephen, 30 
 Camby, William, merchant, 397, 399 
 Camerdykes, Gateshead, 293, 327 
 Garden, John, witness, 73, 74 
 Careaway, John. 191 
 Carlell, Elizabeth, 364 
 Carlell, John, 364 
 
 Carleton, Alicia, property in Newcastle, 189 
 Carleton, William, friar of the Sac, 13 
 Carliol, Alexander, warden, 51 
 Carliol, Gilbert, ordained, 88, 93 
 Carliol, Henry, bailiff, 212, 214, 216, 217, 
 
 218, 219 
 Carliol, Hugh, bailiff, 105, 108, 122, 127, 
 
 129, 132, 135, 138 ; collector of customs, 
 
 7, 17 ; complaint against, 124 ; M.P., 2, 3 
 Carliol, John, mayor, 331, 333, 370, 373, 
 
 374, 379, 380, 384, 386; M.P., 376; 
 
 property in Newcastle, 95, 386 ; slain, 
 
 344 ; witness, 86 
 Carliol, Nicholas, bailiff, 2, 7, 8, 10 ; mayor, 
 
 14, 16, 17, 19, 48, 51, 52, 53, 54, 69, 71 ; 
 
 M.P., 4, 20 ; collector of customs, 7, 17, 
 
 58 ; land in Jesmond, 25 ; sued, 15 ; 
 
 pardoned, 30 ; witness, 29, 6J 
 
 Carliol, Thomas, bailiff, 16, 17, 19, 20, 22, 
 28, 29, 48, 69, 71 ; mayor, 31 ; M.P., 28 ; 
 booth in the market, 77 ; charge against, 
 5 ; collector of customs, 54, 58 ; named, 
 88 ; patron of chantry, 86 ; property in 
 Newcastle, 160 ; witness, 64 
 
 Carliol, William, master of Virgin Mary 
 hospital, 250, 259 ; messuage in New- 
 castle, 76 
 
 Carliol Croft, 375 
 
 Carlisle, bishop of, houses in Newcastle, 32 
 
 Carlyne, Thomas, bailiff, 53 
 
 Carr, Alan, sheriff, 325, 328, 411 ; merchant, 
 323 
 
 Carr, George, alderman, 395, 398 ; sheriff, 
 363, 365 ; mayor, 380, 382, 386, 387, 388, 
 389, 391, 392, 395, 398, 400, 402, 404, 
 408, 409, 410 ; merchant, 408, 410 
 
 Carr family, the, 411 
 
 Carr MS., accuracy of the, 291 
 
 Carr, Thomas, of Gateshead, 396 
 
 Carr, William, 248, 411 
 
 Carter, John, Elswick colliery, 86 
 
 Carter, Nigel and Inacta, 96 
 
 Cartington, John, chamber clerk, 375 
 
 Gary, Alan, elector, 315 
 
 Case, William, constable of the castle, 388 
 
 Castell, Robert, of Redheugh, 279 
 
 Castiellitle, John, fined, 112 
 
 Castle, the, castle ward, 87, 213, 285 ; 
 chaplain of, 166 ; custody of, 26, 33, 34, 
 35, 39, 56, 62, 66, 69, 71, 73, 75, 79, 83, 
 104, 108, 121, 201, 372, 388, 405 ; gate- 
 keeper of, 140 ; repairs of, 33, 84, 89, 94, 
 151, 152, 165, 189, 202, 387 
 
 Castle Field, the, 150, 361, 399, 400 
 
 Castle Moor, the, 393 
 
 Castle, John, son of Robert, 145 
 
 Castle, Matilda, wife of Robert, 145 
 
 Castle, Robert, bailiff, 101, 104 ; founder of 
 a chantry, 408 ; named, 93 ; summoned te 
 royal conference, 106 ; witness, 86 
 
 Castle, Thomas, elector, 315 ; sheriff, 301, 
 303 
 
 Castle, William of the, mason, 151 
 
 Castro, Robert, summoned to royal con- 
 ference, 106 
 
 Caudray, Richard, clerk, 306 
 
 Cavel, Robert, clerk, 306 
 
 Cawcrum, Richard, executed, 353 
 
 Cawod, Walter, parker at Gateshead, 384 
 
 Chambers, Alicia, daughter of John, 204 
 
 Chambers, Catherine, 156 
 
 Chambers, John, bailiff, 137, 141, 142, 143, 
 
 144, 145, 146, 148, 152, 154, 156 ; sheriff, 
 297, 299 ; mayor, 160, 161, 162, 303, 305 ; 
 M.P., 121,137, 160, 161 ; burgess of New- 
 castle, 169 ; burgess of Berwick, 178 ; com- 
 missioner, 316 ; elector, 315 ; ex-mayor, 
 173 ; house in Fishergate, 183 ; house in 
 Pilgrim Street, 161 ; juror, 126 ; to im- 
 press ships, 178 ; masses for, 156 ; mer- 
 chant, 323 
 
 Chambers, Richard, juror, 270 
 
 Chambers, Robert, alderman, 395, 398 ; 
 sheriff, 356, 357 ; mayor, 376, 377, 387, 
 388 
 
 Chambers, Thomas, M.P., 188
 
 INDEX. 
 
 439 
 
 Chancellor, William, custodian, 254 
 Chandy, Simon, a prisoner, 249 
 Chapman, John, executed, 353 
 Charles, Christopher, of Gateshead, 267 
 Charlton, John, receiver of victuals, 68 
 Charters, etc : 
 
 to John Gategang, 25 
 to men of Newcastle, 36 
 of King John confirmed, 46 
 to merchant adventurers, 47 
 mayor to be escheator, 80 
 approving Guild articles, 114, 180, 191 
 to Virgin Mary hospital, 139 
 to work coals, 137, 150 
 exemplification of, 186, 356 
 appointing aldermen, sheriffs, etc., 224 
 confirmation of, 74, 305, 356, 384, 387 
 respecting Admiralty jurisdiction, 311 
 liberties of Tynemoutn Priory, 347 
 to monks of Fame Island, 402 
 Chatton, Neil, Gateshead, 238 
 Cheesman, William, 59, 235 
 Chester, Thomas, shipowner. 240 
 Chesterhope, 277 
 Chester-le-Street Church, 267 
 Chirdon, Thomas, sheriff, 269, 270, 272, 273, 
 
 293, 294 
 Chirdon, Robert, mayor, 234, 235, 238, 239, 
 
 241, 243, 245 ; witness, 247 
 Chirton, Robert and Mariot, 95 
 Cholmley, Richard, annuity, 390 
 Cholter, John, witness, 77 
 Chrislofore, of Newcastle, the, 313 
 Christopfier, of Aberdeen, the, 300, 307 
 Church livings, value of, 47 
 Churches, Chapels, etc : 
 All Saints Church 
 baptism at, 171 
 burials at, 134, 255, 281 
 cemetery of, 286 
 chantry of St. John the Evangelist, 
 
 238, 255, 386 
 St. Katherine, 95, 281 
 St. Peter, 250, 272, 281, 
 
 287 
 
 St. Thomas, 127, 148, 192 
 The Virgin, 86 
 St. Loy, 344, 403 
 chaplains, 25, 150, 262, 386 
 gifts to, 134, 281, 314, 344 
 penance in, 262 
 Boger Thornton's tomb in, 237 
 seat regulations in, 391 
 visitation, 118 
 Gatee/tead Church 
 Alan, priest of, 38, 61, 73, 236 
 anchoress in churchyard, 107 
 buiial in churchyard, 97 
 chantry of Holy Trinity, 177 
 
 St. John, 267, 272, 303, 
 
 406 
 St. Loy, 268, 308 
 
 St. Mary, 61, 177, 235, 
 
 236, 278, 394, 406 
 
 chaplains, 25, 105, 267, 278, 357, 397 
 churchwardens' accounts, 396 
 gifts to, 370, 394, 396 
 patronage of the living, 301 
 
 Churches, chapels, etc. (continued) : 
 (Jateshead Church continued 
 rectors of, 24, 26, 104, 167, 234, 267, 
 
 276, 302, 370 
 Roger, priest of, 236 
 value of the living, 27 
 St. Andreio's Church 
 
 buildings in churchyard, 1S9 
 chantry of the Trinity, 205, 215 
 chaplains, 36, 191 
 gifts to, 281 
 indulgence, 215 
 visitation, 118 
 St. James' Chaptl, 134 
 St. John's Church 
 
 chantry of St. Thomas, 49 
 the Trinity, 190 
 chaplains, 30, 36 
 gifts to, 10, 176, 259, 281 
 trial of a priest, 264 
 visitation, 118 
 St. yicliolas' Church 
 altar of the Virgin, 10, 176, 194 
 
 No. 2, 411 
 
 Black Friars to use, 195 
 burials in, 55, 61, 194, 244 
 chantry of the Holy Trinity, 287 
 
 St. Elpy (or Loy), 287, 408 
 
 St. John, 81, 308 
 
 St. Katherine, 192 
 
 St Margaret, 217 
 
 St. Thomas, 298 
 
 St. Mary, or Our Lady, 10, 
 
 176, 194, 411 
 churchyard of, 286 
 gifts to. 10, 176, 194, 244, 259, 275, 
 
 281, 314 
 
 incorporated companies at, 298, 308 
 inquisition in, 39 
 living of sequestered, 21, 25 
 monument of fourth Earl of Northum- 
 berland in, 393 
 named, 36, 298 
 ordination in, 134 
 penance in, 27, 262 
 rebuilt, 155, 159, 173 
 repayment of dowry in, 369 
 rights of, 189 
 royal marriage treaty to be ratified in, 
 
 386 
 
 steeple of, 367, 368 
 solemn mass in, 55 
 stile in churchyard, 286, 340 
 treaties signed in, 326, 332, 339 
 value of the living, 47, 149 
 vicars, etc., 21, 30, 36, 76, 107, 113, 
 117, 184, 204, 263, 269, 273, 297, 
 330, 403, 405 
 will proved in, 222 
 St. Thomas, Tync Lridgc 
 
 21, 72, 109, 118, 131, 178, 244, 275, 
 
 281, 314, 355, 408 
 Clark, John, sheriff, 278, 2SO, 2S9 ; mayor, 
 
 301, 303 
 
 Clark, William, hosier, 232 
 Claton, John and Matilda, 247 
 Clavering, John, 21 
 Clavering, Robert, heir of William, 132
 
 440 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Claxton, Felicia, 379 
 
 Claxton, Isabella, wife of Sir William, 181 
 
 Clement V., bull of, 26 
 
 Clerk, Bartholomew, bailiff, 99, 101 
 
 Clerk, Cuthbert, witness, 245 
 
 Clerk, Thomas, bailiff, 51, 52, 53 ; collector 
 
 of customs, 4, 13, 15 ; M.P., 4 ; property 
 
 in Newcastle, 355 
 Cliff, Henry, 49 
 Cliff, William, 49 
 
 Clifford, Robert, property in Newcastle, 255 
 Clitheroe, Richard, property in Newcastle, 
 
 235 
 
 Clitherow, Henry and Richard, 292 
 Clitherow, Hugh of Hull, 292 
 Clitherow, Richard, theft from the house of, 
 
 274 
 
 Clock sent to John Neville, 349 
 Clokinthenns, watermill at, 44 
 Clok Mylne, Gateshead, 177 
 Clos (or Cloos), John, ordained, 88 
 Close, the, 14, 92, 128, 255, 286, 314, 383, 
 
 403, 408 
 
 Close Gate, 110, 214 
 Cloth Market, the, 14, 15, 286, 400 
 Coal and the coal-trade, 11, 12, 63, 135, 149, 
 
 164, 166, 167, 169, 170, 171, 215, 218, 238, 
 
 268, 305, 327, 346, 348, 357 
 Cockfield, Robert, executed, 353 
 Cock, Robert, land at Blagdon, 61 
 Cock, Thomas, of Newcastle, 357 
 Cock's Lodge, Thirsk, 393 
 Codling, William, 268 
 Cok, Alexander, vicar of Newcastle, 330 
 Cok, Cuke, servant, 222 
 Cok, John, of Gateshead, 271 
 Cok, Robert, witness, 268 
 Coke, John, will of, 194, 297 
 Coke, Nich., keeper of coals, 171 ; will of, 176 
 Cokele, Ralph, shipmaster, 23 
 Coker, John, bailiff, 220, 222 
 Cokerawe, 378 
 Coket, John, witness, 218 
 Coksour booths, 145 
 Cokstrother, Gateshead, 6 
 Cole, Sir Nicholas, 291 
 Cole, Roger, shipmaster, 23 
 Colewell, Adam, chaplain, 29, 76 ; Elswick 
 
 colliery, 74 
 
 Colewell, Richard, Elswick colliery, 86 
 Collier Chare, 286 
 Collingwood, John and Robert, 388 
 Coleman, Thomas, juror, 240 
 Colonya, Ingram of, 14, 27, 92 
 Colon ya, Joanna of, 14 
 Colville, Thomas, of Durham, 279 
 Colwell Manor, 310 
 Colyer, John, witness, 27, 77 
 Comeris, Ralph, weigher of wool, 43 
 Commercial regulations in Newcastle, 119 
 Comyn, John, 171 
 Conyers, Robert, will of, 289 
 Conqueror, Robert, executed, 353 
 Cook, Hugh, burgess of Gateshead, 279 
 Cook, John, sheriff, 358, 359 ; mayor, 374, 
 
 376, 382, 384 ; ordained, 407 
 Cook, John and Margaret, 238 
 Cook, Nicholas, 154 
 
 Cook, Robert, witness, 19, 29, 76 ; lime- 
 burner, 151 
 
 Cook, William, 235 
 
 Copper, Euphemia, 267 
 
 Coquet Island, 282 
 
 Coquina, John, will of, 39 
 
 Corane, John, bailiff, 7, 8 
 
 Corbet, Margery, bequest to, 2S3 
 
 Corbett, Roger, bequest to, 282 
 
 Corbridge, Adam, 122, 197 
 
 Corbridge, Hugh, witness, 195 
 
 Corbridge, John, robber, 136 
 
 Cornford, William, witness, 260 
 
 Cornforth, John, 378 
 
 Coshale, William, receiver of victuals, 86 
 
 Cotes, Richard, 'custodian of St. Nicholas', 25 
 
 Cotingham, William, parson, 204 
 
 Coupland, John, capture of the Scottish 
 king, 129, 130, 143, 144 ; sheriff of Nor- 
 thumberland, 139, 141, 151 
 
 Couseby, William, chaplain, 244 
 
 Cowgate, 355 
 
 Cowgate, Walter, witness, 10 
 
 Cowper, James, property in Newcastle, 368 
 
 Crabbe, John, to buy boards, etc., 102 
 
 Cragg, John, will of, 134 
 
 Crairilington, 76 
 
 Cramlington, John, 240 
 
 Cramlington, Patrick, 396 
 
 Craucester (Craster), Edmund, 171 
 
 Creyk, Walter, 122, 236 
 
 Croft, John, St. Thomas' hospital, 275, 355, 
 
 Croft, Robert, chaplain, 262 
 
 Cromclif, Richard, 124, 128 
 
 Cross at the head of Gateshead, 233 
 
 Crow, John, land in Newcastle, 14 
 
 Crow, Peter, land in Newcastle, 14 
 
 Croxton, Thomas, bequest to, 233 
 
 Cudbert, Robert, gentleman, 397 
 
 Currency, writ respecting the, 171 
 
 Customs regulations, etc., 6, 7, 13, 15, 16, 
 17, 21, 27, 37, 38, 41, 44, 51, 54, 58, 61, 
 68, 72, 76, 93, 97, 103, 104, 118, 120, 
 127, 140, 147, 154, 155, 157, 159, 162, 
 163, 164, 169, 191, 193, 213, 218, 242, 
 243, 253, 271, 294, 309, 313, 319, 321, 
 330, 332, 333, 388, 389, 390, 393, 405 
 
 Cuthbert, a ship called the, 413 
 
 Cuthbert, John, merchant, 323 
 
 Cuthbert stones on Tyne Bridge, 258 
 
 Cuthbert, Thomas, merchant, 323 ; sheriff, 
 336, 337 
 
 Cunningham, William, sheriff, 380 
 
 Cunningham, William, of Gateshead, 396 
 
 Dacre, Elizabeth, dau. of Lord John, 3S5 
 Dacre, Humphrey, 322 
 Dalden, Matilda, daughter of Robert, 267 
 Dalton, John, chaplain, 215 ; legacy to, 340 ; 
 
 M.P., 321 
 
 Dalton, Margaret, bequest to, 283 
 Dalton, Richard, burgess 103 ; executor, 
 
 255 ; merchant, 340 ; M P., 251 
 Dalton Place, Broad Chare, 400 
 Danby, Ann, prioress, 359, 362 
 Darcy, John, 78 
 Darcy, Robert, M.P., 231, 234 
 Darlington, John, executor, 63
 
 INDEX. 
 
 441 
 
 Darn Crook, 146 
 
 Darrein, Miles, Whittonstall, 172 
 
 Darreys, Robert, sheriff of Northumberland, 
 83 
 
 Dathie, John, to impress ships, 100 
 
 Daulyti, Thomas, bailiff, 53, 54, 75, 76; 
 collector of customs, 58, Gl ; M.P., 69 ; 
 surety, 90 
 
 Daunt, "Robert, 185, 312 
 
 Davell, William, sheriff, 407, 408 
 
 David II. of Scotland in Newcastle, 143, 144 
 
 Davill, Alice, abbess, 146 
 
 Davison, John, 396 
 
 Dawson, William, executed, 353 
 
 Dees, Thomas, 222 
 
 Dees, William, servant, 222 
 
 Delamere, Edward, beheaded at Newcastle, 
 353 
 
 Denand, William, 413 
 
 Denham, Lawrence, burgess of Newcastle, 35 
 
 Denn, William, petition of, 133 
 
 Denom, Christiana and William, 165 
 
 Dent, John, property in Newcastle, 368 
 
 Denton, lands in, 310 
 
 Denton Chare, 286 
 
 Denton, Agnes, daughter of John, 87 
 
 Denton, John, bailiff, 71, 72, 75, 77, 79, 117 ; 
 mayor, 79, 83, 86, 94, 98, 99, 101, 102, 
 103, 109, 110; M.P., 75, 77, 83, 105; 
 collector of customs, 72 ; commissioner of 
 array, 91 ; conveyance of land to, 59 ; 
 fined, 112 ; grants from the king, 92, 98, 
 100 ; liberation of a ship, 90 ; manor of 
 Dentou, 87 ; master of Gateshead hospital, 
 39, 41, 63 ; mills to be provided by, 91 ; 
 murdered, 125 ; widow of, 133 ; witness, 
 49 
 
 Denton, son of John, 217 
 
 Detium, William, 78 
 
 Depynge, Thomas, land in Newcastle, 19 
 
 Derikson, Alebrande, shipmaster, 313 
 
 Derlyng, Thomas, to impress ships, 310 
 
 Desbrugh, John, bequest to, 282 
 
 Desbrugh, William, 283 
 
 Devylle Water, the, 352 
 
 Deye, John, vicar of Newcastle, 403, 405, 
 409 
 
 Dirindon, Thomas, M.P., 216 
 
 Dolphanby, name of, 18, 308 
 
 Dolphanby, Gilbert, charge against, 124 ; 
 executed, 126 
 
 Dolphanby, Jane, 301, 320 
 
 Dolphanby, Joan, 396 
 
 Dolphanby, John, founder of chantry, 272 ; 
 property in Gateshead, 186, 235, 267, 277, 
 308 ; recognisances, 253 ; surety, 256 
 
 Dolphanby, Robert, lands in Gateshead, 268, 
 278 ; death of, 301, 320, 322. 
 
 Dolphanby, Thomas, merchant, 323 
 
 Dorran, William, 396 
 
 Doteland Park, in Hexhamshire, 406 
 
 Douglas, Earl of, at Newcastle, 207 ; to pro- 
 vide troops, 266 
 
 Dousing, John, ordained, 102 
 
 Draper, Peter, bailiff, 1, 4 ; to supply ships, 
 19 
 
 Drax, Richard, clerk, 306 
 
 Drieys, John, the king's waflrarins, 61 
 
 j Driffield, Robert, rector of Pouteland, 5 
 I Druridge, the hamlet of, 310 
 Duche, Thomas, 287 
 
 Dudley, William, appointed bishop of Dur- 
 ham, 373 ; death of, 384 
 Dumbleton, Robert, collector of customs, 44, 
 
 54 
 
 Dumley, Thomas, juror, 285 
 Dunstanborough Castle, 56, 345, 347, 353 
 Duns Scotus, death of, 15 
 Durham Minster steeple, 282 
 Durham, Adam, bailiff, 12, 14, 16, 17, 19, 
 
 20, 22, 31, 34, 37, 3<*, 40, 43 
 Durham, John, bailiff, 110, 121 ; charge 
 
 against, 124 
 Durham, Lawrence, merchant, 61 ; witness, 
 
 49, 64, 77 
 
 Durham, Nicholas, Carmelite friar, 177 
 Durham, Richard, burgess, 118 
 Durham, Thomas, bailiff, 43 ; merchant, 
 
 323 
 Durham, William, bailiff, 187, 188 ; named, 
 
 194, 207, 210 
 Duxfield, Gilbert, mayor, 133, 135, 137, 
 
 141 ; witness, 77, 145, 
 
 Duxfield, Gilbert and Agues, masses for, 156 
 Duxfield, John, complaint against, 124 ; 
 
 juror, 126 ; witness, 76 
 Duxfield, Robert, bailiff, 161 
 Duxfield, Thomas, property in Newcastle, 
 
 171 
 
 Duxfield, William, summoned to royal con- 
 ference, 106 
 
 Dyghton, John, surety, 256 
 Dynley, Edward, writer, 324 
 Eachwick, lands at, 394 
 Earl's Inn of Northumberland, the, 314, 
 
 383, 393 
 
 Ecopp, William, rector of Heslarton, 364 
 Edward I. in Newcastle, 3, 4, 6, 7 ; at 
 
 Tynemouth, 3, 7 
 Edward II. in Newcastle, 18, 20, 23, 24, 31, 
 
 32, 48, 55, 56 ; at Tynemouth, 23 
 Edward III. in Newcastle, 67, 80, 84, 86, 
 
 89, 94, 99, 101, 109, 110, 118, 145, 147 
 Edward IV. in Newcastle, 344 
 Egremont, Nicholas, 123 
 Elderbek, John, executed, 353 
 Elgy, Stephen, messuage iu Newcastle, 35 
 Elleker, Joan, widow of Nicholas, 121 
 Elleker, John, bailiff, 28, 31, 34, 35 ; 
 
 pardoned, 30 ; witness, 49 
 Elleker, Nicholas, pardoned, 30. 
 Ellerby, William, sheriff, 264, 26. r > ; mayor, 
 
 270, 272, 273, 274 ; M.P., 266 ; juror, 
 
 240 ; merchant, 279 
 Ellerington, Elizabeth and Robert, 314 
 Ellerington, Thomas, son of Robert, 314 
 Elmeden, Alicia, will of, 204 
 Elmeden, John, property in Newcastle, 204 
 ' Elmeden, William, the younger, 204 
 Elswick, 187, 205, 210, 220 
 Elswick colliery, 74, 78, 86, 149 
 Elton, Robert, elector, 315 
 Elthom, Robert, juror, 316 
 Elvet, Gilbert, 222 
 Elvet, John, witness, 195 
 El ward, Robert, property in Newcastle, 158
 
 442 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Ely, bishop of, at Newcastle, 11 
 
 Emeldon, Agnes, marriage of, 81 
 
 Emeldon, Alice, marriage of, 81 
 
 Emeldon, Jane, 81, 191, 213 
 
 Emeldon, John, bailiff, 105, 108, 122, 127, 
 128, 129, 132, 133, 135, 137, 141, 142, 
 143, 144, 145, 146, 148, 152, 154, 156, 
 160, 161, 162, 164, 165, 166, 168, 172; 
 M.P., 89, 104 
 
 Emeldon, John, son of William, 87 
 
 Emeldon, Maud, 65, 81, 182 
 
 Emeldon, Richard, bailiff, 7, 8, 51, 52, 53 ; 
 mayor, 12, 14, 20, 22, 28, 29, 31, 34, 35, 
 37, 39, 40, 41, 43, 44, 48, 49, 54, 57, 58, 
 60, 62, 64, 66, 71, 72, 75, 76, 77, 79; 
 M.P., 20, 31, 60, 62, 69, 77; complains 
 to the king, 33 ; death of, 80 ; appointed 
 escheater, 80 ; land at Berwick, 96 ; named, 
 88 ; royal favours to, 35, 44, 47, 54, 56, 
 57, 58, 61, 65, 70; sent to York con- 
 ference, 6 ; property in Newcastle, 191 ; 
 witness, 10, 29 
 
 Emeldon, William, M.P., 108 ; clerk, 87 ; 
 royal grant to, 76 ; named, 240 
 
 Emeldon Place, Newcastle, 81, 277 
 
 Esby, John; ordained, 407 
 
 Esdale, Dame, 396 
 
 Esh, Robert, 9 
 
 Esh, Roger, bishop's commissioner, 123 
 
 Essington, Elizabeth and Ellen, ^\.0 
 
 Essington, John, alderman, 395, ,598 ; sheriff, 
 357, 358; M.P., 376 
 
 Essington, Henry and William, 260 
 
 Essington, Nicholas, son of William, 259 
 
 Essington, Robert, 39 
 
 Essington, William, mayor, 266, 269, 270 ; 
 merchant, 229 ; named, 18 ; witness, 243, 
 247 ; will of, 259 
 
 Estrawe, the, Gateshead, 268 
 
 Esturmey, Sir William, 240 
 
 Etal, "Sir" John, witness, 260 
 
 Etell, John, chaplain, 218 
 
 Eton, Henry, rector of Gateshead, 2G7, 271, 
 278 
 
 Eure, Margaret, will of, 191 
 
 Eure, William, knight, 368 
 
 Fabri, John, son of Thomas, ordained, 102 
 
 Fader, Robert and Isolda, 134 
 
 Fair at Tynemouth, 7, 9 
 
 Fair, St. Luke's, granted, 396 
 
 Fairs, Thomas, of Gateshead, 396 
 
 Famine in the North, 38, 43, 300 
 
 Farndon, Henry, buried, 55 
 
 Fame Island, the Monastery of, 138, 265, 
 
 282, 402 
 
 Farneham, William, 166 
 Farnley, Joan, nun, 170 
 Fauconberg, Walter, warden of hospital, 
 
 106 
 
 Fausyde, William, Scottish merchant, 196 
 Fawcus, William, juror, 316 
 Fawdon, 220 
 Fawdon, Alice, 35 
 Fawdon, John, lord of Jesmond, 76 
 Fawdon, Nicholas, 35 
 Fayte, John, chaplain, 197 
 Fayt, John, clerk, 242 
 
 Featherstonhaugh, Alexander, 396, 397 
 Fee-Farm of Newcastle, 21, 24, 63, 78, 90, 
 
 100, 103, 109, 113, 125, 135, 142, 149, 
 
 170, 246, 265, 306, 316, 381, 390 
 Felingcr, William, constable of Roxburgh 
 
 Castle, 28, 29 
 
 Fell, William, vicar of Newcastle, 409 
 Felton, John, chaplain, 64 ; bequest to, 
 
 283 
 Felton, William, to raise soldiers, 17 ; to 
 
 appraise horses, etc., 35 
 Felton, Sir William, mayor, 105, 108 
 Felton, William, sheriff of Northumberland, 
 
 113 ; to collect wool, 113 ; grant to, 120 
 Fenham, 187, 238, 393 
 Fenrother, Adam, clerk, 214 
 Fen wick, "Sir" Henry, priest, 282 
 Fenwick, John, sheriff of Northumberland, 
 
 62; named, 122, 411; chaplain, 277, 278, 
 
 282, 284, 285 
 Fenwick, Robert, sheriff of Northumberland, 
 
 121 
 
 Fenwick, Roger, constable of Newcastle, 405 
 Fenwick, Thomas, executed, 353 
 Ferrour, William, elector, 315 
 Fery, Isabella, theft by, 321 
 Feux, Gervase, 19 
 
 Fieschi, cardinal deacon, attacked, 42 
 Findern, Lord, beheaded, 352, 353 
 Fishergate, the, 261 
 Fisher, John, alderman, 370 ; sheriff, 359, 
 
 361 
 
 Fisher, Peter, M.P., 12 
 Fishlake, Richard, chaplain, 238 
 Fish-ponds in Newcastle, 373 
 Fish-shambles, the, 211 
 Fitz Godrig, Robert, 27 
 FitzElys, John, 24 
 Fitzhenry, John, master of Virgin Mary 
 
 Hospital, 259 
 
 Fitzhugh, Edmund, beheaded, 353 
 Flayn, Robert, witness, 399 
 Fleming, Gilbert, bailiff, 16, 17, 19, 22, 28, 
 
 29, 31 ; M.P., 10, 12, 22, 28 ; witness, 
 
 14 
 
 Fleming, James, charge against, 5 
 Fleming, Margery, daughter of Gilbert, 183 
 Fleming, Richard, of Gateshead, 279 
 Fleming, Thomas, bailiff, 110, 117, 118, 121 ; 
 
 complaint against, 124 ; fined, 112 ; sum- 
 moned to royal conference, 106 
 Flesher-gate, 378 
 Flesher's Row, 95, 158 
 Flesher, Robert, property in Newcastle, 378 
 Flesher, Thomas, pardoned, 234 ; property 
 
 in Gateshead, 267 
 Flesh Market, 8, 146 
 Fletcher, Robert, witness, 260 
 Foghale, Robert, mayor, 122, 127, 129 
 Foride, Richard, 77 
 Forester, John, juror, 316 
 Fornese, John, 396 
 Forrest, William, park-keeper, 175 
 Forster, Richard, clerk, 260 
 Forster, Robert, merchant, 323 
 Fortescue, John, knight, 388 
 Forth, the, 110 
 Forth, coals in the, 135, 150
 
 INDEX. 
 
 443 
 
 Fortunatus Sicnlus, 21 
 
 Fossour, Katherine, release of land, 195 
 
 Fountain of St. Helena, 236 
 
 Fonrbour, John, juror, 285 
 
 Fournays, Thomas, builder, 244 
 
 Fowler, Henry, sheriff, 339, 341, 346, 350 
 
 Fox, Richard, appointed bishop of Durham, 
 
 404 
 
 Foy, Thomas, witness, 73 
 Fraternity of Saint John, 239 
 Fraternity, letters of, granted to 
 Robert Rhodes, 312 
 John and Joan Robinson, 368 
 Dionysia Moody, 356 
 Agnes Rhodes, 406 
 
 William and Christiana Richardson, 410 
 Free customs of Newcastle, 119 
 Freemarys, John, 171 
 Frer Jake, master, Virgin Mary's Hospital, 
 
 120 
 
 Fresell, John, of Gateshead, 396 
 Frewhitt, Elias, bailiff, 160, 161, 162 
 Friars Augustine, or Austin attendance at 
 royal burial, 59 ; burials in church of the, 
 55, 352 ; burial ground of the, 11 ; filthy 
 road near, 207 ; gifts to the, 3, 11, 17, 30, 
 55, 59, 76, 127, 176, 181, 182, 191, 194, 
 244, 248, 259, 267, 282, 289, 296, 297, 
 337, 387 ; house of, additions to, 59 ; 
 mandate respecting the, 221 ; not to leave 
 England, 68, 221 
 
 Friars Carmelite, or White attendance at 
 royal burial, 59 ; at Wallknoll, 158 ; breach 
 of sanctuary, 26 ; dispute with the vicar 
 of Newcastle, 273 ; Durham, Nicholas, 
 brother of, 177 ; Edward Dynley, 324 ; 
 gifts to the, 3, 13, 55, 98, 127, 176, 181, 
 182, 191, 194, 244, 248, 254, 259, 267, 282, 
 296, 297, 337 : mandate respecting the, 
 221 ; not to leave England, 68, 221 ; 
 ordination by title of, 407 
 Friars Dominican, Preaching or Black 
 apostate brethren of, 211 ; attendance at 
 royal burial, 59 ; burials in church of, 55, 
 191 ; burial ground, 44 ; chapter held in 
 Newcastle, 221 ; church of the, 11 ; close, 
 belonging to the, 373 ; debt forgiven, 55 ; 
 homage in church of, 84 ; garden of, 25 ; 
 gates to be renewed, 117 ; gifts to the, 73, 
 127, 176, 181, 182, 191, 194, 244, 248, 
 254, 259, 267, 282, 296, 297, 337 ; man- 
 date respecting the, 221 ; master-general 
 ef the, 194 ; not to leave England, 68, 
 221 ; pittance received, 55 ; service at St. 
 Nicholas', 195 ; vennel leading to the, 
 204 ; recluse in the house of, 254, 
 282 
 
 Friars Franciscan, Minor or Grey attend- 
 ance at royal burial, 59 ; burials in church 
 of the, 55, 222, 352 ; Duns Scotus, 15 ; 
 excommunication of William Bowes, 117 ; 
 gifts to the, 3, 120, 127, 181, 182, 191, 
 194, 222, 244, ;248, 259, 267, 282, 296, 
 297, 337, 340, 374 ; grant of Seven-head- 
 wells, 117 ; not to leave England, 68, 221 ; 
 ordinations by title of, 407 ; mandate 
 respecting the, 221 ; Robert Bruce, and 
 the, 51 ; way leading to house of, 312 
 
 Friars Trinitarian foundation, 158, 159 ; 
 
 gifts to the, 176, 218, 221, 281, 387 ; 
 
 ordinations by title of, 407 ; property of 
 
 the, 255, 355 ; privileges of the, 379 
 Friars' Goose, 124, 161 
 Friscobaldi, merchant's company, 16 
 Friskenade, Simon, collector of customs, 68 
 Frismarisco, John, bailiff, 83, 88, 89, 94, 
 
 122, 127, 129 ; complaint against, 124 ; 
 
 fined, 112; property in Newcastle, 92, 
 
 128 ; summoned to royal conference, 106 ; 
 
 witness, 86, 128 
 Frismarisco, Thomas, bailiff, 7, 8, 10, 12, 14, 
 
 16, 20, 22, 28, 31, 34, 35, 37, 39, 43, 44, 
 
 48, 49, 51, 53, 54, 57, 58, 60, 62, 64, 66, 
 
 69, 71; M.P., 4, 8; castle rent, 95; 
 
 collector of customs, 61, 68 ; land in 
 
 Newcastle, 14 ; pardoned, 30 
 Frost, severe, 163 
 
 Frost, Walter, to impress ships, 178 
 Frost, William, property in Newcastle, 185 
 Fulberry, Robert, M.P., 363 ; recorder, 356 
 j Fulbury, Adam and John, 77 
 Fuller, Peter, of Gateshead, 61 
 Fulthorp, Roger, coal lessee, 170 ; justice of 
 
 assize, 215 
 
 Fulthorp, Thomas, will of, 337 
 Fulthorp, Sir Thomas, judge, 316 
 Furbury, Adam and John, 77 
 Fumes, William, elector, 315 
 
 Gabefore, Nicholas, juror, 285 
 
 Gabefore, Robert, property in Gateshead, 2C8 
 
 Gabeter, Robert, reputed mayor, 18 
 
 Gabifore, Robert, 229, 240, 246, 247 
 
 Galefers, John, of Bruges, 295 
 
 Galilee, John, chaplain, 408 
 
 Galon, Robert and Maria, 76 
 
 Gamylsby, Thomas, 397 
 
 Galloway, Adam, bailiff, 10, 12 ; pardoned, 
 30 ; witness, 14, 64 
 
 Galloway, John, bailiff, 83, 88, 89, 94, 103, 
 110 ; charge against, 124 ; chaplain, 191 ; 
 fined and outlawed, 112, 133 ; release, 
 165 ; witness, 86 
 
 Galloway, Richard, bailiff, 105 ; mayor, 117, 
 121, 122, 126; M.P., 105; collector of 
 customs, 118 ; fined, 112 ; grant from lin- 
 king, 93 ; summoned to royal conference, 
 106 ; named, 86, 93, 124 
 
 Callow Flat, the, 86 
 
 Gaolegrip, the, 22, 151 
 
 Gardiner, William, juror, 240 
 
 Gategang, Alan, 137, 138, 245, 293 
 
 Gategang, Edmund, 74 
 
 Gategang, Gilbert, 6, 21, 27, 39, 147, 236 
 
 Gategang, Henry, 186 
 
 Gategang, James, 74, 245 
 
 Gategang, John, 6, 8, 9, 22, 27, 39, 61, 73, 
 74, 77, 106, 112, 147, 236 
 
 Gategang, Nicholas, 293 
 
 Gategang, Robert, chaplain, 191 
 
 Gategang, Sibil, 76, 137, 147 
 
 Gategang, William, 186, 205, 237, 267, 202 
 
 Gateshead fair, 96; park, 22, 25, 26; park- 
 keeper, 133, 175, 224, 236, 299, 364, 3s3 
 
 Gaucelin, cardinal, attacked, 42 
 
 Gaudes, John, chaplain, 221
 
 444 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Gavesor, Robert, reputed mayor, 18 
 
 Gaveston, Piers, in Newcastle, 22 ; executed, 
 24 ; jewels of, 29 ; pardon to enemies of, 30 
 
 Gentylman, Thomas, bequest to, 283 
 
 George, a great ship called the, 307 
 
 Getour, William, 45 
 
 Gilbert, the weaver, of Gateshead, 62 
 
 Gildford, John, surety, 256 
 
 Gilford, John, of Gateshead, 268, 271 
 
 Gildforth, John, juror, 96 
 
 Gilforth Place, Gateshead, 365 
 
 Gillot("oldGillot"), 283 
 
 Gillsworth, William, of Gateshead, 96 
 
 Glanton, John, shipper, 323 
 
 Glasier, Elizabeth, bequest to, 296 
 
 Glassen, Henry, wright, 138 
 
 Gloucester, Duke of, not warden of New- 
 castle, 381 ; visits Newcastle, 382 
 
 Glover, John, property in Newcastle, 278 
 
 Glyn, William, vicar of Newcastle, 263, 269, 
 273, 297 
 
 Gobefore, Robert, merchant, 18 
 
 Godeman, William, land at Jesmond, 75 
 
 Godesman, John, hermit at Gateshead, 26 
 
 Godibour, Philip, ordained, 88 
 
 Godibour, Robert, Gateshead, 88 
 
 Godinboure, Robert, chaplain, 73 
 
 Gofden, John, bequest to, 282 
 
 Gold and silver, exportation prohibited, 121 
 
 Good Year, the ship called, 18, 240 
 
 Gore, John atte, deputy butler, 20 
 
 Gore, Sibella, land in Russell chare, 95 
 
 Goosegreen Close, 408 
 
 Gosforth, North, 30, 410; South, 30, 48, 
 220, 403, 405 
 
 Gosse, Thomas, executed, 353 
 
 Goswick, Roger, collector of customs, 61 
 
 Gowland, Margery, 170 
 
 Grant, Robert, Scottish merchant, 196 
 
 Graper, Adam, M.P., 62, 69 
 
 Graper, Cicely, wife of Peter, 86 
 
 Graper, John, property in Newcastle, 158 
 
 Graper, Peter, bailiff, 2, 101, 104, 108, 110 ; 
 mayor, 7, 8, 10, 129, 132, 135, 138, 142, 
 143, 145; M.P., 2, 3, 8, 10, 132; sent 
 to York conference, 6 ; marriage of, 81 ; 
 named, 9, 52, 64 
 
 Graper, Thomas, bailiff, 166, 168, 175, 177, 
 184, 185, 186 
 
 Graunge, Adam, 268 
 
 Gray, John, hostage, 162, 163 
 
 Gray, Thomas, chivaler, 232 ; dyer, 312 ; 
 license to, 147 
 
 Gray, Ralph, knight, 332 
 
 Gray, William, juror, 285 
 
 Greatheacl, Thomas, charge against, 125 
 
 Green, Robert, claims sanctuary, 403 
 
 Green, Thomas, sheriff, 404, 405 
 
 Green, Thomas, Carmelite robber, 136 
 
 Green, William and Thomas, 403 
 
 Grendon, Walter, prior, 238 
 
 Greystanes, Robert, of Durham, 82 
 
 Greystock, Sir Ralph, 59 
 
 Greystock, William, Lord, 155 
 
 Greystones, William, chaplain, 195 
 
 Grey, Emmotta, 216 
 
 Grey, Sir Ralph, becomes Yorkist, 346 ; 
 beheaded, 353 
 
 Grey, Sir Thomas, of Wark, beheaded, 254 
 Griffith, Thomas, land at Stannington, 285 
 Grindon Chare, 218 
 Grindon, Thomas, bailiff, 206, 210, 211, 212, 
 
 216, 217, 218, 219, 220 
 Grype Chare, 394 
 Grys, William, 95 
 Gubuyn, John, charge against, 9 
 Guildmart of Newcastle, the, 15 
 Guildford, John, 237 
 Gunpowder, export of, forbidden, 253 
 Gunter, Adam, witness, 49 
 Gysburn Monastery, 282 
 
 Hacker Gate, 218 
 
 Hacter, Stephen and Isolda, 96 
 
 Halden, Richard, chaplain, 87 
 
 Haldmarket, William, merchant, 323 
 
 Haliwork, tenure of, 6 
 
 Hall, Hugh atte, parker at Gateshead, 236 
 
 Hall, Hugh, shipper, 323 
 
 Hall, John, chaplain, 244 
 
 Hall, Richard, mayor, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298 
 
 Hall, Richard, of Gateshead, 396 
 
 Hall, Thomas, named, 123, 124 
 
 Halliwell, Alicia, 52 
 
 Halliwell, Henry, ordained, 88 
 
 Halliwell, Hugh, witness, 86 
 
 Halliwell, John, complaint against, 124 ; 
 fined, 112 
 
 Halliwell, Robert, bailiff, 60, 62, 63, 71, 72, 
 75, 76, 79, 83, 92, 101, 104, 121, 122 ; 
 mayor, 110, 117 ; M.P., 104 ; complains 
 to the king, 33 ; fined, 112 ; land at Jes- 
 mond, 75 ; pardoned, 30 ; to array New- 
 castle men, 92 ; summoned to conference, 
 106 ; named. 29, 52, 64, 88, 93 
 
 Halliwell, Thomas, M.P., 101, 104 
 
 Halton, John, 287 
 
 Hamsted, John, conservator of the Tj r ne, 49 
 
 Hanse, society of the, 240, 327 
 
 Harbottle Castle demolished, 54 
 
 Harbottle, Sir Robert, 300 
 
 Harbottle, Thomas, of Ponteland, 396 
 
 Harbottle, William, death of, 275 
 
 Hardbread, Thomas, sheriff, 387, 388, 402, 
 404 
 
 Hardgill, Roland, vicar of Haltwhistle, 314 
 
 Harding, Adam, 220 
 
 Harding, Richard, of Hollinside, 403 
 
 Harding, Robert, sheriff, 366, 370, 382, 384, 
 398, 400 ; mayor, 407, 408 
 
 Harding, Roger, elector, 315 ; esquire, 394 
 
 Harding, Sampson, bailiff, 204, 205, 206 ; 
 mayor, 220, 222; M.P., 199, 201, 203, 
 206, 207, 220 ; named, 240 
 
 Harding, William, elector, 315 ; esquire, 330 ; 
 sheriff, 303, 305; mayor, 305, 311, 313, 
 314, 315, 316, 318, 321, 322, 328, 331 ; 
 M.P., 293, 296, 315, 321, 331 
 
 Hardings of Hollinside, 44 
 
 Hareldred, Thomas, vicar of Newcastle, 403 
 
 Harewood, Juliana, 27 
 
 Harewood, William, carpenter, 27 
 
 Harle, John, burgess, 216 ; witness, 330 
 
 Harrington, Henry, 171 
 
 Harrison, Thomas, 396 
 
 Hart, John, to impress ships, 288
 
 INDEX. 
 
 445 
 
 Hart, Margaret, 396 
 
 Hartcla, Audrew, keeper of the truce, 45 ; 
 executed, 58, 59 ; remains given to his 
 sister, 70 
 
 Hartford, lands in, 810 
 
 Hartlepool, convent of, 232 ; grant of pro- 
 perty at, 413 
 
 Hartlepool, Thomas of, ordained, 88, 93 
 
 Harwod, "Sir" William, 282 
 
 Hasleden, Richard, to impress ships, 100 
 
 Hastings, Sir Roger, knignt, 395 
 
 Hatfield, bishop, appointed, 123 ; death of, 
 197 
 
 Havering, John, rector of Gateshead, 24, 26 
 
 Hawkeswell, John, 270 
 
 Hawkeswell, Margaret, prioress, 320 
 
 Hawkeswell, Peter, chaplain of St. Lawrence, 
 107 
 
 Hawkin, Beatrice, wife of Hugh, 95 
 
 Hawkin, Gilbert, bailiff, 43, 44, 48, 49, 53, 
 54, 57, 58, 60, 62, 64, 66, 69, 75, 77, 79, 
 83, 88, 89, 92, 94, 105, 108, 110; M.P., 
 16, 60, 73 ; charge against, 124 ; masses 
 for soul of, 95 ; wool weigher, 37 
 
 Hawkin, Hugh, bailiff, 72, 75; M.P., 166; 
 coal receiver, 167 
 
 Hawkin, Mariot, daughter of Hugh, 95 
 
 Hawkin, Thomas, bailiff, 66, 69 ; pardoned, 
 30 
 
 Hawkin, William, pardoned, 30 
 
 Hawdynette, the wife of Alan, 396 
 
 Hawson, Robert, juror, 285 
 
 Hawyck, Walter, of Little Eden, 367 
 
 Hay, Thomas, hostage, 162, 163 
 
 Hayning, Nicholas, merchant, 323 ; sheriff, 
 343, 345, 354, 355 ; mayor, 366, 370 
 
 Hayning, William, sheriff, 406, 407 
 
 Hayrbread, William, baker, 394 
 
 Hays, William, fish-ponds in Newcastle, 373 
 
 Haysand, William, property in Newcastle, 
 368 
 
 Haxby, John, 134 
 
 Headlam, Henry, vicar of Newcastle, 204 
 
 Headlam, Thomas, merchant, 323 ; sheriff, 
 311, 313 ; witness, 268 
 
 Heaton, 171, 211, 240 
 
 Heaton, John, 30, 52 
 
 Hebbeden, Thomas, will of, 296 
 
 Hebborn, Agnes, wife of Robert, 255 
 
 Hebborn, Margaret, daughter of, 255 
 
 Hebborn, Ralph, property in Newcastle, 400 
 
 Hebborn, Robert, mayor, 252, 253; M.P., 
 241 ; will of, 254 ; witness, 247 
 
 Hebborn, Roger, son of Robert, 255 
 
 Hebborn, Thomas, son of Robert, 248, 255 ; 
 dispensation to marry, 263 
 
 Hebburn, William of, 30 
 
 Heber Tower, 25 
 
 Hecham, Hugh, bailiff, 54, 57, 60, 62, 63, 
 64, 66, 71, 72, 75, 76, 77, 79, S3, 92 ; 
 mayor, 89, 94, 101, 104; M.P., 83; 
 colliery owner, 74 ; death of, 146 ; lime- 
 burner, 72 ; messuage at Berwick, 85 ; 
 to array Newcastle men, 91 ; to impress 
 ships, 100 
 
 Hecham, Roger, bailiff, 48, 69, 71 
 
 Hedgeley Moor, battle of, 351 
 
 Hedley, Edward, property in Gateshead, 394 
 
 Hedley, Humphrey, theft from, 322 
 
 Hedwin Streams, 316, 334 
 
 Hedwin, William, chaplain, 191 ; coroner, 
 
 149 
 
 Hedwyn, William, witness, 186 
 Hedworth, Robert and Julia, 134 
 Heighington, William, chaplain, 139 
 Helperyare fishery, 124 
 Helton, Robert, chaplain, 267, 278 
 Helton, Robert, of Gateshead, 322 
 Hengledyk, the, 236 
 Henry IV. in Newcastle, 224, 239 
 Henry VI. at Durham, 318 ; in Newcastle, 
 
 343 
 
 Henry VII. in Newcastle, 389 
 Henry, the baker, property in Gateshead, 27 
 Hermit at Gateshead, 26 
 Herington, Thomas, vicar of Hartburn, 21 
 Heron, Gerald, knight, 210 
 Heron, Henry, land in Gosforth, etc., 410 
 Heron, John, knight, 162 
 Heron, Robert, 191 
 Heron, William, founder of chantry, 72 ; 
 
 imprisoned, 209 ; knight, 270 
 Heron, William, of Ford, 410 
 Herring, Adoraar, M.P., 273 ; witness, 260 
 Herring, Emeric, M.P., 266, 270 
 Herring, Emery, bequest to, 283 
 Herring, William, witness, 14, 92 
 Herrington, Isolda, Gateshead, 73 
 Herrington, Thomas, bailiff, 205, 206, 207 ; 
 
 named, 218, 240 
 Herrington, William, 73 
 Hertyngdone, Adam, king's clerk, 167 
 Heryng, Adomar and Thomas, legacy to, 
 
 340 
 Hesilden, Robert, property in Newcastle, 
 
 368 
 Hesilden, Walter, bailiff of Gateshead, 178 ; 
 
 coal lessee, 164, 169, 170 
 Hesilrig, John, 171, 210 
 Hesilrig, Thomas, 284 
 Hesilrig, William, 210 
 Heton, Joan, daughter of Sir Alan, 248 
 Hette, Richard, M.P., 89 
 Hett, Thomas, witness, 158 
 Hetton, William, 96 
 Hewell, John, 185, 189 
 Heworth, 9, 123 
 Heworth Chare, 386 
 Heworth, John, bailiff, 198 
 Heworth, Robert, M.P., 306, 321, 831; 
 
 named, 267 
 
 Hexham, battle of, 352 ; church, 282 ; ex- 
 ecutions at, 353 
 Hexham, William, 95 
 Heygrove coalmine, Elswick, 74 
 Heyworth, John, vicar of Newcastle, 297 ; to 
 
 impress ships, 131 
 High Friar Street, 247 
 Hilderskilfe, William, 320 
 Hill, Em na, nun, 170 
 Hillgate, Gateshead, 186, 236 
 Hilton, Sir Alexander, 139, 182 
 Hilton, Elizabeth, 210 
 Hilton, John, sheriff, 376, 377 ; juror, 316 
 Hilton, Maud, or Matilda, 139, 310 
 Hilton, William, 39, 196, 263
 
 446 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Hirlaw, John, vicar of Newcastle, 107, 113, 
 117 
 
 Hodgson, Hugh, of Gateshead, 396 
 
 Hodgson, Robert, of Gateshead, 396 
 
 Hodgson, William, sheriff, 370, 373 
 
 Holburn, Robert, 375 
 
 Holchare, the, Gateshead, 267 
 
 Holden, Geoffrey, 279 
 
 Holland, Robert, attainted, 61, 70 
 
 Hollen, William, 396 
 
 Hollinside, Thomas, of Axwell, 44 
 
 Holme, Christopher, seeks sanctuary, 375 
 
 Holme, Nicholas, chaplain, 338 
 
 Holme's wife, Gateshead, 396 
 
 Holystone, the nuns of, 282 
 
 Homage of Scotland to England, 84, 326 
 
 Homildon Hill, battle of, 234, 254 
 
 Homildon, Cecilia, will of, 244 
 
 Horncliffe, Robert, sheriff of Northumber- 
 land, 71, 73, 78 
 
 Home, Robert, witness, 237 
 
 Horner, John, parker at Gateshead, 364, 384 
 
 Homer, Thomas, ordained, 114 
 
 Horner, William, witness, 237 
 
 Hornse, Robert, capture of ships by, 256 
 
 Horse Mills for grinding, 91, 119 
 
 Horsley, John, 39, 294 
 
 Horsley, Richard, to raise soldiers, 17 
 
 Horsley, Roger, 54, 56 
 
 Horsley, William, 323 
 
 Horton, John, bailiff, 204, 205, 206, 207, 
 210 
 
 Horton, Thomas, bailiff, 187, 188 
 
 Hospitallers of St. John, 186, 187, 238 
 
 Hospitals : 
 
 Gateshead, 30, 35, 39, 40, 41, 47, 63, 82, 
 106, 143, 161, 163, 192, 213, 224, 288, 
 297, 305, 319, 338, 357, 362 
 Mary Magdalen, 184, 277, 287 
 Thornton's 249, 272, 287, 336, 383, 385 
 Virgin Mary, 7, 9, 25, 120, 121, 132, 139, 
 142, 171, 172, 176, 192, 199, 231, 239, 
 242, 350, 259, 277, 281, 312 
 
 Hoton, Thomas, 237 
 
 Hoton, William, 242, 316 
 
 Hotoun, Richard, prior of Durham, 4, 8 
 
 Hotspur in Newcastle, 207 
 
 Houghall, or Howell, John, bailiff, 168, 
 172, 187 
 
 Houghton, Gilbert, receiver of victuals, 82 
 
 Houteman, John, vicar-general, 262 
 
 Howard, Edmund, archdeacon, 113 
 
 Howden, John, bailiff, 181, 183, 187, 189 ; 
 named, 185, 378 
 
 Howell, John, M.P., 188, 195, 201 
 
 Howell, Philip, M.P., 204 
 
 Howell, Robert, 103 
 
 Huchonson, " Sir " Thomas, 397 
 
 Hudson, Thomas, merchant, 323 
 
 Hudson, William, sheriff, 370 ; ordained, 407 
 
 Hugh, the dyer, Gateshead, 236 
 
 Hugh, the fisher, Gateshead, 236 
 
 Hulet, William, 403 
 
 Hull, John, 254 
 
 Hume, Agnes, bequest to, 282 
 
 Hungerford, Lord, beheaded, 352, 353 
 
 Hunt, John, to impress ships, 288 
 
 Hunt, Thomas, executed, 353 
 
 Hunt, Walter, executed, 353 
 
 Hunter, William, property in Newcastle 
 
 355 
 
 Hunter, Robert, will of, 314 
 Huntingdon, John, ordained, 88, 93 
 Hussey, Sir Thomas, executed, 353 
 Hutchinson, Robert, chaplain, 368 
 Hutred, William, son of, 237 
 Hydewyn, William, witness, 182 
 Hylton, John, chaplain, 357, 362 
 Hylton, Thomas, chaplain, 58 
 
 Incorporated Companies : Barber surgeons, 
 308, 376 ; bricklayers and plasterers, 334 ; 
 coopers, 274 ; fullers and dyers, 374 ; 
 glovers, 297 ; saddlers, 339 ; skinners, 298, 
 385 ; smiths, 297 ; merchants, 379, 392, 
 401 ; slaters, 326, 342 
 
 Ingilwood, John, castle encroachment, 95 
 
 Inncks, Ralph, buried, 61 
 
 Isabella, queen, in Newcastle, 23, 55 
 
 Jakemannesough, 99 
 
 James I. of Scotland in Newcastle, 272 ; 
 safe-conduct to, 278 
 
 Jargon Hole, Tyne Bridge, 247 
 
 Jargoun, Emma, castle encroachment, 95 
 
 Javel Group, 22, 151, 152, 382, 394 
 
 Jay, John, elector, 315 ; sheriff, 273, 274, 
 276, 277, 278 
 
 Jay, William, sheriff, 309, 311 ; mayor, 313, 
 314 ; named, 316 
 
 Jesmond, 35, 191, 205, 210, 213, 215, 219, 
 240, 310; chapel, 139, 211, 213, 219, 275, 
 364, 384 ; field, 364, 399 ; mill, 25 ; wind- 
 mill near, 244 
 
 John, king of France, a prisoner, 147 
 
 John Martin, ship called the, 313 
 
 Johnson, Robert, witness, 399 
 
 Johnson, William, bailiff, 198, 211, 212, 214, 
 219; mayor, 241, 243; M.P., 243, 252; 
 named, 242, 246, 247, 272 ; of Gateshead, 
 396 
 
 Joppesriding, 137, 293 
 
 Jordan, chaplain of Newcastle, 173 
 
 Kablyncroft, Gateshead, 147 
 
 Kal, Hugh, acolyte, 88 
 
 Karr (see "Carr") 
 
 Karle, Thomas, jun., bailiff, 99, 101 
 
 Katherine, prioress, 237 
 
 Kelson, Thomas, property in Newcastle, 158 
 
 Kellaw, William, justice of assize, 215 ; 
 
 property in Newcastle, 199 
 Kellawe, bishop, death of, 40 
 Kemp, John, of Durham, 279 
 Keinpe, John, elector, 315 ; parker, 224 ; 
 
 surety, 256 
 
 Kent, Earl of, beheaded, 352 
 Kenton, 393 
 Ken ton, John of, 33, 94 
 Kersell, Henry, M.P., 216 
 Keteringham, John, M.P., 22, 28 ; breach 
 
 of sanctuary, 26 
 
 Kibblesworth, William and Cecilia, 76 
 Kighley, James, of Calais, 340 
 Kighley, "Sir" Richard, vicar of Mitford, 340 
 Killingworth, laud at, 385
 
 INDEX. 
 
 447 
 
 Killingworth, Adam, 284 
 Killingworth, Agnes and John, 171 
 Killingworth, Robert, 283, 284 
 Kilvington, Richard, rector of Gateshead, 
 
 104, 105, 167 
 
 King, John, hospital warden, 288 
 King's Dykes, the, 342 
 Kington, John, canon of Lincoln, 240 
 Kingston, Roger, 29, 49 
 Kirkby, Richard, tailor, 157 
 Kirkeby, Thomas, hospital warden, 305 
 Kirk Chare, 218 
 Kirkleventon, 284 
 Kirk-stile (St. Nicholas'), 286 
 Kirkyare, Gateshead, 124 
 Kissing the king, 301 
 Knight, Matthew, 95 
 Knights Templars, the, 13, 21, 187 
 
 Labour, cost of, 3, 140, 233, 327 
 
 Lacy, John, executor, 292 
 
 Lambe, William, of Gateshead, 354 
 
 Lambert, William, vicar of Gainford, 387 
 
 Lambley, convent of, 161 
 
 Lambton, Percival, 413 
 
 Lambton, Robert, 96 
 
 Lambton, William, 292 
 
 Lancaster, Earl of, in Newcastle, 22, 23 
 
 Lane, Geoffrey, Elswick colliery, 86 
 
 Lanchester, William of, 195 
 
 Langley, Cardinal, bishop of Durham, 241 ; 
 death of, 298 
 
 Langschafft, John, 396 
 
 Langston, Richard, M.P., 214 
 
 Langton, Alan, burgess, 10, 14 
 
 Langton, W T illiam, mayor, 245, 246, 248, 
 249,251, 252; M.P., 219, 243; named, 
 18, 229, 243, 246, 247, 268 
 
 Langwath, Robert, elector, 315 
 
 Lardener, John, 237 
 
 Lardener, William, 96, 236 
 
 Laton, William, 88, 191 
 
 Latrine in a staith, 245 
 
 Lauder, Robert, 365 
 
 Law, Joanna, 385 
 
 Lawrence, the moneyer, 38 
 
 Lawrence Acton's Waste, 180 
 
 Laws, William, junior, merchant, 323 
 
 Lawson, Joanna, prioress, 413 
 
 Lawson, John, 182, 375 
 
 Layton, the wife of John, 396 
 
 Lead mines in Weardale, 232 
 
 Leaute, William, 9 
 
 Leek, John, 59 
 
 Leckingfield, Robert, 250 
 
 Lely, Agnes, bequest to, 244 
 
 Lematon, John, clerk of works, 319 
 
 Lene, Geoffrey, Elswick colliery, 86 
 
 Letwell, John, mason, 151 
 
 Lewe, Peter, bailiff of Gateshead, 73, 74, 
 245 ; land in Gateshead, 236 
 
 Leynton, John, juror, 316 
 
 Leybnrn, Sara, sister of Andrew Hartcla, 70 
 
 Leyrigg, without Pilgrim Street Gate, 287 
 
 Liddells of Ravensworth, the, 265 
 
 Lidster, Robert, elector, 315 
 
 Lilburn, Sir John, sheriff of Northumber- 
 land, 75 
 
 Lilburn, Henry, charge against, 209 
 
 Lilburn, Richard, merchant, 357 
 
 Linnels, the, near Hexham, 352 
 
 Lincoln, "Sir" Henry, priest, 282, 283 
 
 Lindsay, Sir James, captured, 208 
 
 Lisle, Humphrey, South Gosforth, 403, 405 
 
 Lisle, John, sheriff of Northumberland, 69 ; 
 
 named, 7, 92, 102 
 Lisle, Roger, juror, 240 
 Littester, Hugh, 95 
 Littester, Robert and Peter, 236 
 Littester, William, 232 
 Lockwood, Thomas, alderman, 366, 395, 
 
 398 ; sheriff, 361, 363 ; mayor, 391, 392 ; 
 
 named, 357, 389 
 
 Lokington, Hugh, hospital warden, 35 
 Lollards, proclamation against the, 251 
 Long Flat, Gateshead, 297 
 Long Stairs, the, 286 
 Long, William, elector, 315 
 Lort Burn, the, 50, 158, 218, 332 
 Lound, Thomas, surgeon, 56 
 Lowder, Robert, envoy, 78 
 Lowther, Robert, witness, 182 
 Luda, Robert, breach of sanctuary, 27 
 Ludworth, manor of, 385 
 Ludworth, William, elector, 315 
 Lumley, Bertram and Margaret, 397 
 Lumley, Elizabeth, 364, 385 
 j Lumley, Sir George, 386 
 Lumley, Sir John, 267 
 Lumley, Mr., chaplain, 384 
 Lumley, Thomas, 128 
 Lumley, Waleran, bailiff, 72, 75, 76, 77, 79, 
 
 83 ; of Gateshead, 134 ; mayor, 104, 105 ; 
 
 fined, 112; summoned to royal conference, 
 
 106 ; named, 92, 128, 142 
 Lumley, William, knight, 364 
 Lutter, Agnes, Gateshead, 237 
 Lye, Alexander, chamberlain of Berwick, 387 
 Lyes, Thomas, clerk, 293 
 Lyghton, Richard, 396 
 Lyle Place, 286 
 Lyons, James, to impress ships, 178, 1S1 
 
 Macklin, John and Francis, acolytes, 407 
 Maison Dieu, the, 235, 249, 281, 379 
 Maitoun, Gilbert, Gateshead, 236 
 Makson, Hugh and Christiana, ISO 
 Maleyare, near Redheugh, 124 
 Malton, Nicholas, land in Gateshead, 134 
 Manors, the, 318, 355 
 Mareschal, Walter, 178 
 
 | Margaret, queen of Henry VI., at Tyne- 
 
 mouth, 345 
 
 Marguerite, queen , in Newcastle, 3, 6, 7 
 Mari-knigld, a ship called, 323 
 Mariners, payment of wages of, 237 
 Market Gate, the, 171, 185 
 Market Place, Newcastle, 76 
 Markham, John, deputy butler, 388 
 Marley, William, killed in Newcastle, 375 
 Marriage custom in Newcastle, 336 
 Married women's acknowledgments, 27, 96 
 Marshal, Peter, buried at St. Nicholas', 55 
 Marshall, Richard, chaplain, 214 
 
 ! Massarn, Nicholas, beheaded at Newcastle, 
 353
 
 448 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Martin, John, clerk, 330 
 
 Mauduit, Nicholas, to impress ships, 253 
 
 Mauduit, Roger, sheriff of Northumberland, 
 
 79, 89, 95 
 
 Mawe, William, bequest to, 283 
 Mayors, list of, 415 
 Mayor of Newcastle, manner of choosing the, 
 
 115, 125 
 Mayors of Newcastle, sword of honour 
 
 granted to the, 212 
 
 Meadowcroft, William, M.P., 273, 276 
 Meal Market, the, 368. 379 
 Medcalf, William, of Morpeth, 264 
 Medecroft, William, merchant, 279 
 Medicroft, William, elector, 315 
 Medomsley, manor and vill of, 395 
 Mekilmuk, Richard, 97 
 Melemarket, the, 242 
 Melemarket Gate, the, 199 
 Melot, Robert and Elizabeth, 411 
 Menville, William, release, 165, 172 ; will 
 
 of, 181 
 
 Merchants of Newcastle summoned to con- 
 ference at York, 6 
 
 Merchingley, Hugh, charge against, 5, 88, 415 
 Merfynn, Robert, executed, 353 
 Merlay, Robert, chaplain, 173 
 Merrington, William, chaplain, 210 
 Merryman, William, vicar of Tynemouth, 
 
 368 
 
 Midford, Robert, charge against, 5 
 Middleburgh in Zeland, 323 
 Middleham, Roger, 277 
 Middleton, Geoffrey, sheriff of Durham, 327 
 Middleton, Gilbert, rebellion and capture of, 
 
 42, 43, 44, 59 
 
 Middleton, John, 76, 191, 330 
 Middleton, Sir John, 219 
 Middleton, William, sheriff, 245, 246, 248, 
 
 249, 251, 252, 253; M.P., 252; named, 
 
 18, 229, 292, 316 
 Milbourne, Robert, coroner, 76 
 Mildecombe, Thomas, prisoner, 204 
 Military array, etc. : 
 At Gateshead, 5, 90 
 
 At Newcastle, 16, 17, 21, 24, 32, 35, 
 37, 41, 45, 48, 55, 57, 67, 80, 84, 
 85, 89, 91, 99, 106, 109, 121, 145, 
 157, 168, 203, 207, 239, 266, 346 
 At Wooler, 5 
 
 Miller, Marion, of Gateshead, 73 
 Miller, William, of Gateshead, 73 
 Mills (see " Windmill " and "Horse Mill") 
 Milne, Alan, merchant, 323 
 Milne-flat, Gateshead, 297 
 Milner, "Sir" Robert, 403 
 Milson, Thomas, property in Newcastle, 158 
 Miracle in Newcastle, 202 
 Mitford, Constance, 340 
 Mitford, Gerard, 283 
 Mitford, Gilbert, 76, 131 
 Mitford, Hugh, 185, 196 
 Mitford, John, 186, 298, 340 
 Mitford, Sir John, 271 
 Mitford, Margaret, 362 
 Mitford, William, 271 
 Moderby, Thomas, 193, 237 
 Mody, Thomas, 279 
 
 Mohaut, Hugh, Kepier hospital, 23 
 Molesden, manor of, 298 
 Molins, Lord, beheaded, 352 
 Monasteries (see Friars) 
 Monboucher tower, 210 
 Monboucher, Bertram, 185, 186, 210 
 Money coined in Newcastle, 48 
 Monteith, Earl of, to be executed, 131 
 Moody, Dionysia, of Gateshead, 356 
 Morden, Thomas, bailiff, 193, 198, 199, 219, 
 
 220 
 
 More, Randal, envoy, 78 
 Morpeth, John, skinner, charge against, 124 
 Morpeth, Thomas, sheriff, 395, 398 
 Morton or Mordon, Robert, prior, 176 
 Moreton, John, M.P., 214, 219, 260, 283 
 Morrislaw, Thomas, M.P., 296, 315 
 Mortimer, Roger, 59, 64 
 Moulton, Robert, port surveyor, 389 
 Moulton, Sir Robert, constable of Newcastle, 
 
 405 
 
 Mountain, Alan, to receive stores, 32 
 Mountford, John and Thomas, 222 
 Mountgrace, charterhouse at, 282 
 Mowbray, John, keeper of Newcastle, 34 
 Mowbray, Roger, constable of Prudhoe, 65 
 Mulner, Clays, shipmaster, 323 
 Multgreve, John, 62 
 Murdoch of Fife, prisoner, 254 
 Murray, Andrew, keeper of Scotland, 93 
 Murray, Earl, captured outside Newcastle,110 
 Musgrave, John, sheriff, 305 ; mayor, 309, 
 
 311 ; commissioner, 316 ; elector, 315 
 Musgrave, Robert, bailiff, 105, 108, 110, 117, 
 
 118, 121, 122 ; named, 71, 102 
 Musgrave, Thomas, named, 197, 207, 270 
 Mydding Place, the, 99 
 Mylis, Thomas, Gateshead, 61, 235 
 Mysteries, the twelve, 114 
 
 Narrow Chare, 286 
 
 Nedeler, Stephen, witness, 237 
 
 Nesbit, John, 61 
 
 Nesbit, William, 365 
 
 Nete Market, the, 286 
 
 Nether Dene Bridge, 218 
 
 Nether Heworth, 123 
 
 Netherton, Adam, 95 
 
 Neville, Archbishop, captured at Shields, 
 
 209 
 Neville, Bishop, appointed, 298 ; death of, 
 
 337 
 
 Neville, Sir Humphrey, 349, 352, 353 
 Neville, Lord John, brilliant sally by, 110 
 Neville, John, Lord Montagu, 349, 352; 
 
 warden of east marches, 198, 208 
 Neville, William, Lord Falconberg, 321, 322, 
 
 332 
 
 Neville's Cross, battle of, 129 
 Newbiggin, vill of, 99 
 Newbiggin-by-the-Sea, vill of, 310 
 Newbiggin, John, rector of Gateshead, 93 
 Newbiggin, John, bailiff, 216, 217, 218, 219, 
 
 220 
 
 Newbiggin, Thomas, 138 
 Newcastle taken into the hands of the king, 
 
 111, 122 ; restored, 113, 125 
 Newerk, Alan, Sherburn hospital, 245
 
 INDEX. 
 
 449 
 
 Newcastle, the walls of, 13, 25, 67, 76, 84, 
 
 100, 105, 110, 133, 134, 135, 162, 200, 233, 
 
 237, 342, 388 
 
 New Gate, the, 222, 277, 287, 312, 399 
 Newham, manor of, 335, 385 
 Newham, William of, ordained, 118 
 Newton, property at, 298 
 Newton, Henry, bailiff, 22, 28, 29, 31, 48, 
 
 69, 71; pardoned, 30 
 Nicholas, chaplain, 25 
 Nicholson, John, juror, 316 
 Nicholson, Robert of Winlaton, 403 
 Ninepennys, Adam, chaplain, 95 
 Ninepennys, John, ordained, 88 
 Nixon, John, sheriff, 337, 338 ; mayor, 350, 
 
 354, 355, 356, 357, 358, 361, 363 
 Noble, Alan, 126 
 
 Norfolk, Duke of, at Newcastle, 347 
 Norham, William, chaplain, 236 
 Norray, Robert, property in Newcastle, 158 
 Norreys, Robert, charge against, 124 
 Norreys, Thomas, heirs of, 95 
 Northumberland, Earls of, 196, 202, 209, 
 
 239, 244, 254, 292, 294, 335, 344, 355, 
 
 358, 372, 379, 382, 393 
 Norton, William, 172, 176, 193 
 Norwich, Richard, juror, 240 
 Notmarket, the, 360 
 Nun's Gate, the, 211 
 Nun's Moor, 146, 393 
 Nuns, bequest of chemises to, 413 
 Nunnery of St. Bartholomew, 30, 52, 76, 
 
 146, 157, 163, 166, 167, 170, 189, 190, 
 
 194, 236, 237, 281, 319, 338, 359, 362, 
 
 389, 393, 398, 413 
 Nuttle, Peter, 143 
 
 Oakwellgate, Gateshead, 61, 236, 277 
 
 Oat Market, 146 
 
 Ochar, Thomas, weaver, 360 
 
 October Fair, Newcastle, granted, 396 
 
 Ogle, Constance, daughter of Sir Robert, 298 
 
 Ogle, Gilbert, 30, 49 
 
 Ogle, Henry, 49 
 
 Ogle, Joanna, 385 
 
 Ogle, John, 182, 186 
 
 Ogle, Peter, 145 
 
 Ogle, Robert, 130, 158, 186 
 
 Ogle, Sir Robert, 248, 300, 307 
 
 Ogle, William, bailiff, 1, 2, 4, 8, 10 ; chaplain, 
 
 199 
 Oliver, Robert, bailiff, 193; M.P., 200; 
 
 collector of customs, 44, 54 ; property in 
 
 Newcastle, 204 ; shipping tax controller, 
 
 194 ; witness, 195 
 Ollever, Ellinor, 413 
 Orchard, William, clerk, 180 
 Ord, Adam, witness, 158 
 Osegodeby, Adam, 19, 23 
 Otterburn, battle of, 207 
 Overdene Bridge, 15, 211 
 Overkirk Chare, Gateshead, 263 
 Ovington, John, sheriff, 315, 313 
 Owe, Peter del, witness, 61 
 Oxen sent to Newcastle, 165 
 Oxford University, 302, 312 
 
 Page, Adam, 5, 05, 39, 77, 88, 93, 93, 102 
 
 Palfreyman, Adam, servant, 126 
 
 Palman, John, will of, 297 
 
 Palmer, Gilbert, 132 
 
 Palmer, Thomas, 49, 58 
 
 Pandon, 218 
 
 Pandon Burn, orchard near, 286 ; overflow 
 
 of river in, 52 
 
 Pandon Gate, 286, 319, 342, 355 
 Pandon, John, bailiff, 22, 28, 29, 31, 34, 37, 
 
 39 ; witness, 14 
 Papeday, Thomas, M.P., 278; sheriff, 299, 
 
 301 ; witness, 292 
 Parlebien, John, 95 
 Parry, Thomas, 97 
 Paston letter quoted, 347 
 Paton, John, 93, 102 
 Patoun Field, 186 
 
 Patun, Bartholomew and Christiana, 11 
 Paul, Thomas, burgess, 62 
 Paul, Thomasin, daughter of John, 244 
 Paulin, John, M.P., 241; shipowner, 240; 
 
 witness, 246, 247 
 Paving the vill of Gateshead, 271 
 Payntor Hugh (Painter Heugh), 183 
 Pelham, John, clerk marshal, 32 
 Penington, William, executed, 353 
 Penrith, John, sheriff, 331, 333, 389, 391, 
 
 408,409; mayor, 338,339; M.P., 335, 
 
 339 ; named, 54, 315, 322, 323, 361 
 Peniith, Sir John, buried, 55 
 Penrith, Robert, bailiff, 113, 122, 123, 127, 
 
 129, 133, 135 ; M.P., 132; named, 373 
 Penrith, Thomas, sheriff, 294, 295 ; named, 
 
 285, 287, 292, 379 
 Peusher, land at, 364 
 Percy, Lady Eleanor, 399 
 Percy, Henry, 68 
 Percy, Lord Henry, 23, 143 
 Percy, Sir Henry, 207, 254 
 Percy, John, 35 
 
 Percy, Sir Ralph, 207, 346, 399 
 Percy, Thomas, 194 
 
 Pert, William, property in Newcastle, 273 
 Pestilence, in Newcastle, 126, 134, 135, 300 
 Peter, son of Sampson, land in Newcastle, 
 
 14 
 
 Peter of Newcastle, a ship called the, 322, 323 
 Petyngton, Thomas, vicar of Hartbura, 27o, 
 
 282 
 
 Philip Chare, 286 
 Philip, Thomas, juror, 240 
 Pickering, Richard, witness, 39 
 Pilgrim Street, Newcastle, 29, 76, 146, 210, 
 
 213, 218, 287, 292, GG2, 335, 355, 363 
 Pilgrim Street Gate, 117 
 Pilgrimage to Jesmond, etc., 364 
 Pipewellgate, Gateshead, 56, 131, 137, 205, 
 
 245, 267, 293 
 
 Pityngton, Thomas, chaplain, 254 
 Plague in Newcastle, 377 
 Plessey, manor of, 235, 310 
 Plessy, John, 30, 61, 62, 120 
 Plummer, John, coal lessee, 164, 169, 170 ; 
 
 witness, 158 
 
 Plummer, Robert, bailiff, 131, 1S3, 187, 1S3 
 Plummer, William, bailiff, 187, 1S9 
 Fold Hall, the, 199, 242 
 Pollowe, John, executor, 63
 
 450 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Population of Newcastle in 1377, 190 
 
 Porter, John, servant, 234 
 
 Porter, Nicholas, breach of sanctuary, 26 
 
 Porter, Reginald, 224 
 
 Porter, William, 49, 58, 161 
 
 Portyngton, Thomas, chaplain, 277 
 
 Postell, Richard, 397 
 
 Postell, Robert, 397 
 
 Potter, Walter, witness, 61, 73, 74, 237 
 
 Poveray, John, the king's clerk, 5 
 
 Pratyman, Gilbert and William, 151 
 
 Pray, John, juror, 285 
 
 Pray, William, elector, 315 ; juror, 285 
 
 Preston, John, bailiff, 168, 172 ; named, 161 ; 
 
 will of, 387 
 
 Preston, Robert, park-keeper, 299 
 Preston, Stephen, coal-keeper, 346 
 Prester, Alan, (see "Alan Priest") 
 Prester, William, 88, 109 
 Prestwick, William, 30 
 Prices of food, etc., 3, 4, 140, 233, 327 
 Prior of Tynemouth, 47, 74, 78, 149, 261, 
 
 317, 348 
 
 Prizes at sea brought to Newcastle, 256 
 Prvddowe, Johannet, bequest to, 283 
 Pudding Chare, 368 
 Pulhore, Alan, 76, 192 
 Pulhore, John, 26, 76, 127, 148, 192 
 Pulhore, Robert, 124 
 Pulhore, William, 88, 93 
 Purveyance, exemption from, 40 
 Pykborne family, the, 222 
 Pykedun, Thomas, merchant, 323 
 
 Quare, Robert, witness, 158 
 Quarel-dyke, the, 150 
 Quay, the, 378, 394 
 Quelwrith, William, 6 
 Quicking-croft, Gateshead, 297 
 
 Radcliffe, George, master of hospital, 297 
 
 Rae, Ellen, 396 
 
 Raket, Richard, attorney, 322 
 
 Ralph, the dyer, Gateshead, 236 
 
 Rand, Thomas, 396 
 
 Raton Raw, 14, 15 
 
 Rauchif, John, of Morpeth, 264 
 
 Ravensworth, Henry, 279 
 
 Ravensworth, Richard, 96 
 
 Raymes, Robert, collector of customs, 54 ; 
 
 witness, 330 
 
 Raymond, Dominican master-general, 194 
 Raynington, Robert, 39 
 Raynton, Robert, bailiff, 204, 205 ; mayor, 
 
 206, 210 
 
 Rede, Roger, witness, 237 
 Redely, Robert, 39 
 
 Redesdale, Roger, land in Gateshead, 61 
 Redewood manor, 87 
 Redewish, Albert, of Prussia, 241 
 Reed, Roger, 134, 245 
 Reed, William, 285, 315 
 Radhead, Adam, 189 
 Redheugh family, the, 249, 265, 279, 288 
 Rcdmarshall, William, bailiff, 219, 220, 
 
 222; sheriff, 224, 231, 234, 241, 242, 
 
 243; M.P., 199, 220; named, 235, 246, 
 
 247, 260 
 
 Redmarshall, William, clerk, 114 
 Redmayne, Sir Matthew, 267 
 Refham, John, burgess, 218 
 Refham, John, searcher, 209 
 Regnauld, John, complaint against, 124 
 Relics at Scone, inquiry concerning, 11 
 
 Repowne, , clerk, bequest to, 244 
 
 Rente, Thomas, of Poutoise, 63 
 
 Reynauld, John, M.P., 132; burgess, 169; 
 
 witness, 49, 58 
 
 Reynauld, Robert, burgess, 169 
 Rhodes, Agnes, wife of Robert, 340, 368, 
 
 406 
 
 Rhodes, Joan, wife of Robert, 367 
 Rhodes, John, mayor, 278, 280, 285, 289, 
 
 292, 367 
 
 Rhodes, Robert, M.P., 276, 278, 289, 292, 
 
 293, 296, 297, 306 ; commissioner, 316 ; 
 controller, 303 ; death of, 367 ; letters of 
 fraternity to, 312 ; petition from, 344 
 
 Richard II. in Newcastle, 203 
 
 Richard, John, clerk, 306 
 
 Richardson, John, sheriff, 321, 322 ; mayor, 
 
 333, 335, 336, 337, 338, 339, 341, 342, 
 
 343, 345; M.P., 339; named, 322, 323, 
 
 396 
 Richardson, William, sheriff. 391, 392, 
 
 410 
 Riddell, William, keeper of the truce, 44 ; 
 
 to distribute wine, 47 
 Riddell (William or Thomas), sheriff, 410 
 Riddell, Sir William, sheriff of Northumber- 
 land, 35 
 
 Ridsdale, John, sheriff, 377, 379 
 Riggthorne, William, buried. 55 
 Ripon, Agnes, 218 
 
 Ripon, Robert, fined, 112 ; searcher, 209 
 Robson, Johanna, 365 
 Robson, Robert, of Gateshead, 338, 396 
 Robinson, Ann, 396 
 Robinson, Joan, 359, 368 
 Robinson, John, 283, 359, 368 
 Robinson, William, deputy herald, 291 
 Roby, Dr., chaplain at Jesmond, 384 
 Rodclam, David, property in Newcastle, 
 
 158 
 
 Roddam, Nicholas, M.P., 137, 152 
 Roddam, Thomas, 209 
 Rodclam, William, sheriff, 335, 336, 341, 
 
 343 ; merchant, 323 
 Roger, priest of Gateshead, 77, 236 
 Rokesburgh, John, prior, 373 
 Rokesburgh, William, petition of, 91 
 Ros, William, benefaction, 17 
 Rose, William, 315, 323 
 Roselle, John, executed, 353 
 Roses, war of the, 335, 352, 387 
 Rote, Thomas, castle gatekeeper, 159 
 Rotham, William, juror, 316 
 Roughed, John, Gateshead, 236 
 Royal letters, mandates, etc., respecting 
 
 Berwick, disturbances at, 36 
 
 Burgesses to be sent to the council, 6, 64, 
 121, 161, 176 
 
 Bishop of Durham excused from attending 
 parliament, 351 
 
 Bishop's coal lessees, 169 
 
 Calais, capture of, 131
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Royal Letters, man dates, etc., continued 
 Castle, custody of the, 26, 34, 159, 372, 
 
 388, 405 
 
 Castle, repair of the, 90, 95, 165, 202, 387 
 Coals, 135, 166, 167, 269, 346 
 Collectors of customs, etc., 97, 294, 389 
 Compensation, 32, 196, 256, 292, 295, 
 
 309 
 
 Convention with Rome and Spain, 395 
 Corn during famine, 38 
 Custody of prisoners, 11, 130, 139, 162, 
 
 163 
 
 Deserters, 81, 86, 101 
 Duke of Brittany, 274 
 Dacia, staple of, 278 
 Exportation prohibited, 83, 119, 146, 159, 
 
 162, 163, 164, 183, 253, 401 
 Fair at Tynemouth, 9 
 Fishing in Norway, 256, 292, 311 
 Flanders, trade with, 275 
 Foreign money, 171 
 French ships, 228 
 Friendship with Prussia, 327 
 Hartcla's quarters, 70 
 Inhabitants of Newcastle fined, 111 
 Knights Templars' suppression, 13 
 Lollards, 251 
 
 Mortimer and the Queen, 64 
 Mills for corn, 91 
 
 Municipal regulations, 115, 125, 191 
 Pardons, 30, 389, 390 
 Passports, 35, 57 
 Payment for services, goods, etc., 21, 24, 
 
 27, 29, 35, 41, 47, 68, 91, 101, 113, 120, 
 
 130, 310, 319, 321, 330, 332, 340, 388, 
 
 390 
 Quitting the kingdom, 68, 71, 134, 135, 
 
 139, 146 
 Kent, remission of, 63, 70, 234, 237, 271, 
 
 293 
 
 Resumption of the crown, 361 
 Robert Rhodes, 303 
 Safe-conduct, 11, 29, 139, 143, 144, 180, 
 
 278, 325, 341 
 
 Scotsmen to be entertained, 69 
 Scotland, liberty to trade with, 154, 157 
 Security of the town, 200 
 Seizure of men or goods, 113, 300, 307 
 Ships, 8, 19, 24, 45, 85, 90, 92, 98, 100, 
 
 108, 131, 178, 181, 231, 253, 288, 310, 
 329 
 
 Ships of foreigners, 180 
 Stores to be supplied, 24, 32, 39, 49, 54, 
 68, 82, 86, 87, 91, 98, 100, 102, 106, 
 
 109, 118, 128, 228, 382 
 
 Staple of wool, etc., 188, 221, 271, 276, 
 
 350, 366, 372, 401 
 Taxation, 16, 17, 30, 38, 41, 103. 109, 155, 
 
 159, 162, 194, 242, 243, 293, 309 
 Towns forfeited and restored, 113, 122, 125 
 Troops, raising, etc., 16, 21, 28, 32, 34, 
 
 37, 45, 85. 92, 98, 106, 157, 168, 232, 
 
 346, 371 
 Truces, etc., 158, 180, 182, 202, 252, 253, 
 
 260, 264, 289, 311, 320, 363, 402, 407 
 Tyne, river, 33, 85, 334 
 Watch and ward, 60, 255 
 Wine, price of, 144 
 
 Ruffan, John, bailiff, 160, 161, 161, 165, 
 
 166, 168, 175, 177, 185, 186 
 Rungthwaite, Roland, butcher, 357 
 Russel Chare, 95, 96 
 Russell, Isabelle, prioress, 157 
 Rutyare, 124 
 
 Rypon, Robert, searcher, 209 
 Ryton church, payment from, 320 
 
 Sabraham, Nicholas, marriage of, 81 
 Sabram, Nicholas, M.P., 183, 187, 195; 
 
 witness, 185 
 Sadler, William, 15 
 Sadberge, John, 191 
 Sadlingstones, Hugh, M.P., 108 
 Salkeld, Thomas, rector of Clifton, 173 
 Salt Meadows, the, 293 
 Salt-works of Tynemouth, 348 
 Sample, John, elector, 315 
 Sancto Botho, William, merchant, 61 
 Sanctuary, breach of, 26 
 Sanctuary claimed, 375, 395, 403, 406 
 Sanctuary, privilege of explained, 375 
 Sanderson, Henry, 396 
 Sanderson, John, Newcastle, 340 
 Sandford, Thomas, property in Newcastle, 
 
 360 
 
 Sandgate, 96, 151, 286 
 Sandhill, the, 99, 249, 336, 378, 379, 383 ; 
 
 executions on, 352 ; recreation ground, 
 
 216 ; troops mustered, 208 
 Sandyford Flatt, 244 
 Santmarays, or Sautmarays, John, 5 
 Savage, Ellen, 287 
 Schales, Agnes, bequest to, 244 
 Schell, Richard, land in Gateshead, 236 
 Scholes, John, witness, 27 
 Schyplaw, Robert, smith, 359 
 Scrope, Sir Henry, 213 
 Scrope, Sir John, 335 
 Scrope, Lord, 254, 332, 352 
 Screwane, William, 268 
 Scothowe, Thomas, 95 
 Scotland, the king of, killed, 341 
 Scots repulsed, and Earl Murray captured, 
 
 110 
 
 Scott, Gilbert, juror, 126 
 Scott, Henry, mayor, 2 ; charge against, 5 ; 
 
 named, 52, 185, 196 
 Scott, John, bailiff, 31, 34, 35; mayor, 1, 
 
 4 ; M.P., 2, 3, 12, 16, 51 ; charge against, 
 
 5 ; witness, 58 
 Scott, John, son of Henry, bailiff, 28 ; 
 
 pardoned, 30 
 
 Scott, John, of Pandon, 88, 90, 93, 134 
 Scott, Nicholas, bailiff, 8, 10, 12, 14 ; 
 
 mayor, 53, 99, 101 ; M.P., 12, 31, 51, 55 ; 
 
 pardoned, 30; sheriff of Northumberland, 
 
 33 ; named, 5, 9, 52, 95, 114, 126, 158 
 Scott, Sir Nicholas, mayor, 66, 69 
 Scott, Richard, bailiff, 75, 77,83, 88, 89, 94, 
 
 101, 104, 105, 141, 142, 144, 145, 146, 
 
 198, 199, 211, 212 ; burgess, 169 
 Scott, Richard, of Ben well, 149 ; surety, 90; 
 
 property in Newcastle, 132, 378 ; witness, 
 
 199 
 
 Scott, Robert, witness, 39 
 Scott, Thomas, St. Thomas' hospital, 40S
 
 452 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Scott, William, sheriff, 379, 380; mayor, 
 
 385, 386 
 
 Scotton, John, 396 
 Scowland, William, 170 
 Seacoal Lane, London, 284 
 Selby, William and Agnes, 186 
 Seler, Adam, Gateshead, 236 
 Semple, John, sheriff, 373, 374 ; mayor, 377, 
 
 379 
 
 Seven Head Wells, the, 117 
 Seyton, John, hanged at Newcastle, 11 
 Shafto, William, witness, 330 
 Sharp, John, bequest to, 283 
 Sheraton, Stephen, ordained, 407 
 Sherburn hospital, 245 
 Sheriff of Newcastle to be appointed, 224 
 Sherwood, bishop, appointed, 384 ; at Pavia, 
 
 401 ; death of, 404 
 Shieldfield, the, 186, 211, 278 
 Shields, disputes with Newcastle, 9, 10, 97, 
 
 317 
 Shilvington, Robert, bailiff, 94, 99 ; mayor, 
 
 121, 122, 127, 128 ; collector of customs, 
 
 118 ; sub-sheriff of Northumberland, 113 ; 
 
 named, 92, 100 
 
 Shireokes, Henry, receiver of victuals, 54 
 Shotton, vill of, 285, 310 
 Shutlyng, Alan, 166 
 Side, the, 146, 278, 286, 408 
 Sidgate, 399 
 Silksworth, John, 39 
 Silksworth, Mary, 39 
 Silksworth, Thomas, 19, 29 
 Silver, the marking of, 270 
 Simon, Robert, 396 
 Simon, with the beard, 14 
 Simonside, tithes of, 368 
 Singiltou, Robert, 287 
 Sire, William, Gateshead, 195 
 Skinner Gate, the, 213, 286, 378 
 Skirlaw, bishop, appointed, 209 ; death of, 
 
 241 
 
 Skynner, Thomas, the skinner, 283 
 Smith, Thomas, merchant, 323 ; murdered, 
 
 395 ; witness, 246 
 Snow, John, sheriff, 409, 410 
 Snow, Thomas, sheriff, 365, 366 
 Somerset, Duke of, beheaded, 352, 353 ; 
 
 sends men to Newcastle, 351 
 Sorelay, Dame, Gateshead, 396 
 Sorrais, Robert, witness, 76 
 Sothern, Robert, chaplain, 338 
 Souter-raw, 378 
 
 Southampton, Robert, bailiff, 99, 101 
 South-field, Gateshead, 297 
 South Shields, dispute respecting, 141 ; 
 
 markets at, 260 ; ship belonging to, 413 
 Spar Hawk, 316, 334 
 Spen, William, of Gateshead, 96 
 Spencer, John, elector, 315 
 Spemi, Thomas, dyer, 263 
 Spens, John, merchant, 413 
 Sperrnan, Richard, pensioner, 185 
 Spicer, Peter, charge against, 124 
 Spilar, William, executed, 353 
 Spynn, William, keeper of Tyne Bridge, 
 
 131 
 St. Albans, battle of, 335 
 
 Staith in Gateshead, 164, 244 
 Stamp, Allison, 413 
 
 Stanhope, John, bailiff, 160, 161, 162, 164 
 165, 166, 168, 185, 186; M.P., 157, 160; 
 named, 145, 158, 183 
 
 Stanhope, Richard, mayor, 165, 166, 168, 
 172, 193; M.P., 188, 190; named, 174, 
 183, 193 
 
 Stanhope, Thomas, bequest to, 244 
 
 Stanhous in Westgate, 378 
 
 Stanlawe, Richard, bishop's bailiff, 9 
 
 Stannington, manor of, 284, 285 
 
 Staple, mayor of the, election of, 64 
 
 Staple of wool, etc., 51, 64, 68, 161, 175, 
 181, 188, 221, 229, 271, 276, 279, 290, 
 309, 313, 321, 328, 332, 333, 350, 366, 
 371, 374, 392, 401 
 
 Staunford, Lady Idoma, 189 
 
 Stauper, William, witness, 399 
 
 Stele, John, chaplain, 214 ; clock bearer, 
 349 
 
 Steel, Robert, to select ships at Newcastle, 
 86 
 
 Steele, Thomas, 138 
 
 Stevenson, Alexander, killed, 406 
 
 Stevenson, Richard, alderman, 366 ; sheriff, 
 338, 339; mayor, 358, 359; merchant, 
 323 
 
 Stevenson, Thomas, fuller, 354 
 
 St. Helen's Well, Gateshead, 62, 147 
 
 St. John's Guild, Gateshead, 396 
 
 St. Lawrence's chapel, 107 
 
 St. Luke's fair established, 396 
 
 St. Mary Shields, 277 
 
 St. Mary's Vennel, Gateshead, 236 
 
 St. Mary's Well, Gateshead, 236 
 
 St. Michael's Mount (see "Friars, Trini- 
 tarian Order") 
 
 St. Nicholas' Pant, 278 
 
 St. Robert, brethren of, 374 
 
 Stillyngton, John, pardoned, 265 
 
 Stirgeon, John, coal-keeper, 346 
 
 Stobbs, Henry, 375 
 
 Stockbridge, the, 261, 355 
 
 Stockdale, John, brazier, 260 
 
 Stockett, Robert, sheriff, 384, 386 
 
 Stockton, free customs of, 119 
 
 Stockton, Nicholas, St. Thomas' chapel, 
 109 
 
 Stodert, William, juror, 285 
 
 Stokdale, John, juror, 240; property in 
 Gateshead, 263 
 
 Stony Flat, Gateshead, 297 
 
 Stothard, William, merchant, 279 
 
 Stoweford, William, the king's clerk, 17 
 
 Strangeways, Robert, 301, 320 
 
 Strivelyn, Jane, widow of John, 213 
 
 Strivelyu, John, justice of assize, 215 
 
 Strivelyn, Sir John, death of, 191 ; mar- 
 riage of, 81 
 
 Strother Meadow, Gateshead, 293, 365 
 
 Strother, Henry, property in Newcastle, 
 205 
 
 Strother, Isabel, dispensation to marry, 263 
 
 Strother, John, sheriff, 257, 261, 263. 264, 
 265; M.P., 261, 264, 266; commissioner 
 of coal dues, 269 ; named, 216, 256, 340 
 
 Strother, Thomas, knight, 205
 
 INDEX. 
 
 453 
 
 Strother, William, bailiff, 142, 143, 145; 
 mayor, 141, 142, 145, 146, 147, 148, 152, 
 154, 156, 157, 160; M.P., 152, 157; 
 masses for, 158 ; named, 145, 284, 330 
 
 Styford, manor of, 306 
 
 Surtees, Jocelyn, 142 
 
 Surtees, Robert, M.P., 28 
 
 Surtees, Sir Thomas, 186, 191, 238, 268, 277 
 
 Surre, Agnes, Gateshead, 267 
 
 Sutor, Benedict, 95 
 
 Sutton, John, 268 
 
 Swain, Nicholas and Thomas, 5 
 
 Swalwell, cottage at, 397 
 
 Swalwell, William, burgess, 235 
 
 Swan, John, will of, 374 
 
 Swan, Thomas, alderman, 395, 398 
 
 Swayn, Dionysia, 7 
 
 Swayn, Lawrence, 7 
 
 Swayn, Peter, 25, 163, 199 
 
 Swinburn West, manor of, 310 
 
 Swinburne, Adam, sheriff of Northumber- 
 land, 39, 42, 65 
 
 Swinburne, Sir Adam, 182, 191 
 
 Swinburne, Alexander, merchant, 279 
 
 Swinburne, Barbara, 191 
 
 Swinburne, Sir John, 29 
 
 Swinburne, Robert, M.P., 252, 274 ; named, 
 240, 247, 279 
 
 Swinburne, William, 149, 171 
 
 Swinburne, Sir William, 300, 330 
 
 Swinhow, Robert, 222 
 
 Swinhow, William, 160, 207, 210 
 
 Sword of honour granted to mayors of New- 
 castle, 212 
 
 Syre, Eve, 134 
 
 Syre, William, 134, 142, 195, 244 
 
 Tabeler, Adam, chaplain, 180 
 
 Tailboys, Sir William, executed, 344, 353 
 
 Tailboys, Walter, son of Henry, 182 
 
 Taillour, Thomas, South Shields, 413 
 
 Talliage, assessors of, 29 
 
 Tanfeld, Thomas, rector of Gateshead, 302, 
 
 370 
 
 Tanfield, Durham, 371 
 Tang, Adam and Alice, 199 
 Taverner, John, 167 
 Taverner, Robert, 95 
 Tawer, John, pardoned, 265 
 Taxation in Newcastle, 13, 179, 190, 194, 
 
 229, 242 
 
 Taylerour, Alexander, seeks sanctuary, 395 
 Taylor, Alexander, baker, 386 
 Team, the, 6 
 
 Tempest, John, pardoned, 389 
 Tempest, Robert, collector of customs, 389 
 Tempest, Roland, commissioner, 316, 323 
 Terry, Nicholas, chaplain, 19 
 Tesedale, Richard, witness, 61, 237 
 Textoris, Walter, ordained, 102 
 Thew, John, 95 
 
 Thirsk, Roger, vicar of Newcastle, 263 
 Thloyt, Griffin, buried, 55 
 Thomson, Christian, 396 
 Thompson, Agnes, of Newcastle, 394 
 Thompson, Robert, of Gateshead, 394 
 Thompson, William, alderman, 370 ; sheriff, 
 
 355, 356 
 
 249 
 272 
 249 
 268 
 
 Thornton, manor of, 385 
 
 Thornton, Agnes, married, 280 ; masses for, 
 
 249 ; theft from, 232 
 Thornton, Elizabeth, wife of Roger, junior, 
 
 385 
 
 Thornton, Henry, bequest to, 283 
 Thornton, John, bailiff, 198 ; the inn of, 
 
 298 ; monk and cellarer, 318 ; named, 280 
 Thornton, Roger, bailiff, 220, 222 ; mayor, 
 
 224, 231, 234, 257, 261, 263, 264, 274, 
 
 276, 277; M.P., 223, 248, 261, 264; 
 
 alderman, 298 ; commissioner, 316, 354, 
 
 355 elector, 315 ; grants to, 235, 239, 
 inquisition, 240 ; license to, 229, 
 lease of lead mines, 232 ; pardon to, 
 named, 18 ; property in Gateshead, 
 release, 278 ; shipowner, 240 ; will 
 
 of, 281 ; witness, 243, 246 
 Thornton, Roger, son of Roger death of, 385 
 Thornton's hospital, 272 
 Thorald, Dionysia, masses for, 158 
 Thorald, Thomas, masses for, 176 
 Thorald, William, masses for, 158, 176 ; 
 
 named, 142 
 
 Thoraud, Ralph, bailiff, 43 
 Thorauld, John, bailiff, 48, 51, 53 
 Thorauld, William, witness, 92 
 Thoresby, John, hospital warden, 82, 106 
 Thorington, Roger, chaplain, 73, 237 
 Thorp, Robert, ordained, 102 
 Thribley, Thomas, property in Newcastle, 
 
 189 
 
 Thrylkeld, Christopher and Joan, 399 
 Thyngden, John, receiver of victuals, 109, 
 
 111, 112, 118 ; to repair the castle, 95 
 Thyngden, Robert, chaplain, 166 
 Tickhill, Roger, park-keeper, 133 
 Timber not to be exported, 119 
 Tinctor, John, charge against, 5 
 Tiuctor, Peter, witness, 245 
 Tinctor, Thomas, 19, 39 
 Tindale, Thomas, bailiff, 1, 2, 4, 12, 14, 16. 
 
 17, 19, 48, 51, 52, 53 ; collector of 
 
 customs, 13, 15 
 
 Tindale, William, sheriff of Northumber- 
 land, 75 
 
 Tinkler, Thomas, 95 
 Titlington, Robert, juror, 240 
 Tonge, Robert, receiver of victuals, 86, 89, 
 
 91, 100, 102, 106 
 Tosson, John, glover, 260 
 Toulershill fishery, 124 
 Tournament at Newcastle prohibited, 28 
 Totherwick, Robert, 396 
 Tower on the bridge, 246, 258, 299 
 Town Moor, the, 215, 346 
 Towton, battle of, 343 
 Trenwell, vill of, 284, 285 
 Trewyck, John, 25, 35, 76 
 Trilbye, Thomas, bailiff, 184 
 Trinity House, the, 400 
 Trollop, John, will of, 374 
 Truces, etc., 4, 44, 48, 52, 53, 57, 67, 89, 9:5. 
 
 94, 109, 118, 139, 141, 202, 223, 252, 2^, 
 
 260, 264, 289, 300, 311, 320, 325, 331, 337. 
 
 339, 341, 352, 354, 355, 363, 365, 369, 3?0, 
 
 402 
 Tryppe, Robert, Ontoshcad, 236
 
 454 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Tudhoe, Adam, surety, 90 
 
 Tueng, Marmaduke and Margaret, 413 
 
 Tuggelk, Isabel, 396 
 
 Tughale, Thomas, parson, 214 
 
 Tughale, Robert, M.P., 75 ; collector of 
 
 customs, 72, 93 ; property in Newcastle, 
 
 160, 207 ; receiver of victuals, 102 
 Tunnikysiman, Matilda and Robert, 9 
 Tunnok, Roger, witness, 19, 29 
 Tunnok, William, mariner, 92 
 Tunnokman, Robert, witness, 49 
 Tunnokson, Richard, witness, 49 
 Turald, John, land in Gateshead, 6 
 Turnwater fishery, 124 
 Turpin, John, of Newcastle, 330 
 Turpyn, Nicholas, gentleman, 397 
 Turpyne, "Sir" John, chantry priest, 
 
 406 
 
 Tuthill, the, 13 
 Twisel, John, ordained, 102 
 Tymper, Robert, to supply ships, 19 
 Tyue Bridge, 21, 72, 97, 105, 109, 131, 162, 
 
 178, 200, 218, 237, 246, 258, 275, 277, 
 
 281, 334, 375, 382, 388, 408 
 Tyne Conservancy, 50, 316, 334 
 Tvne river and the bishops of Durham, 33, 
 "56, 85, 96, 122, 124, 141, 169, 200, 201, 
 
 203, 216, 246, 255, 257, 260, 261, 299 
 Tynemouth, Prior and Priory of, etc., 6, 10, 
 
 30, 149, 215, 261, 282, 317 
 Tynemouth, John, bequest to, 283 
 Tyrwhitt, Elias, juror, 126 
 
 Ufferton, manor of, 330 
 Ufton, Nicholas, castle gatekeeper, 140 
 Ullesam, William, drowned, 97 
 Underwood, Cecilia, will of, 120 
 Usher, Humphrey, 375 
 Usher, John, juror, 316 
 Usher, Margaret, penance, 261 
 Usher, Thomas, weaver, 360 
 Utrickson, Thomas, 134 
 
 Vallens, John, rector of Gateshead, 26 
 Vanden Veld, Peter, of Bruges, 295 
 Vastrie, Godfrey, of Bruges, 295 
 Vaus, Richard and Matilda, 95 
 Vans, Thomas, witness, 27, 39, 61, 73, 74 
 Vaux, Thomas, Gateshead, 2o6, 237 
 Vesci, John, chaplain, 267, 271, 278 
 Vesy, Thomas, 178 
 Vicarage of Newcastle, value of, 47 
 Vicar's garden, Newcastle, 207 
 Virly, William, of Ufferton, 330 
 Visitation of clergy in Newcastle, 118 
 
 Waffrarius, the king's, buried, 61 
 
 Wages, rates of, 3, 140, 233, 327 
 
 Wake, John, bailiff, 122, 127, 128, 133, 
 
 135 
 
 Wakefield, Thomas, of Whickham, 397 
 Wakeh'eld, William, Trinity hospital, 158, 
 
 176 
 
 Wale, John, burgess of Bruges, 295 
 Wales, Robert, ordained priest, 407 
 Walker, Katherine, of Gateshead, 394 
 Walker, William, bequest to, 283 
 Wall, Hugh, of Durham, 406 
 
 Wall, John, mayor, 269, 272; M.P., 265; 
 
 merchant, 279 ; witness, 246, 247 
 Wallace, Sir William, executed, 9 
 Wallknoll, the, 13, 105, 261, 355 (see also 
 
 "Friars, Trinitarian Order") 
 Wallington, John, witness, 182 
 Wallsend, Henry, messuage in Pandon, 49 
 Walter the cutler, Gateshead, 38 
 Walton, Thomas, feoffment, 162 
 Wandesford, Geoffrey, fined, 112 
 Wann, Maryon, bequest to, 282 
 Wanton, Agnes, wife of Roger Thornton. 
 
 280 
 
 Ward of Topcliff executed, 353 
 Ward, Agnes and Ellen, bequests to, 282 
 Ward, John, sheriff, 315 ; mayor, 318, 321, 
 
 322, 325 ; M.P., 322, 356 ; grant to, 341 ; 
 
 merchant, 323 
 Ward's almshouses, 318 
 Warde, Thomas, sheriff, 296, 297, 298; 
 
 mayor, 306, 309 
 Warden's Close, the, 134, 373 
 Wardley, Thomas, commissioner, 316 ; 
 
 elector, 315 
 
 Wark, Thomas, merchant, 323 
 Warwick, Earl of, in Newcastle, 354, 355 
 Water brought into Newcastle, 134 
 Water Mill at Pandon, 342 
 Water, Roger, executed, 353 
 Watford, William, castle gatekeeper, 140 
 Watson, John, of Farnacres, 397 
 Watson, Robert, witness, 399 
 Wawayn, John, rector of Brancepeth, 107 
 Wayleave for coals at Gateshead, 305 
 Weardale, lead mines in, 232 
 Wearmouth, John, 49, 58, 267 
 Wearmouth, Roger, 96 
 Wearmouth, William, 244 
 Wederhale, Thomas, ordained, 88 
 Wcdirhall, John, shoemaker, 76 
 Wee, John, chaplain, 244 
 Weights and measures, standard of, 400, 405 
 Weldon, Richard, junior, 322; M.P., 356; 
 
 witness, 330 
 Weldon, Simon, alderman, 298 ; sheriff, 306, 
 
 309 ; M.P., 274 ; customer, 323, ; elector, 
 
 315 
 
 Weldon, Thomas, witness, 330 
 Welford, Geoffrey, 19, 49 
 Wellflatt Close, 410 
 Welflatte in Elswick field, 399 
 Wellis, Robert, booth-holder, 145 
 Wells, John, 315, 316 
 Welsh infantry in Newcastle, 55 
 Werdale, Margaret and William, 368 
 Wenlall, Richard, messuage in Newcastle, 
 
 145 
 
 Weremouth, John, chaplain, 260 
 Wessington, prior of Durham, 303 
 West Gate, the, 15, 100, 408 
 West Spital, the, 237, 277, 281 
 Westgate Street, 242 
 Westmorland, Earl of, 294 
 Westmorland family annuity, 142, 2C5, 306, 
 
 390 
 
 Weston, John, the king's clerk, 21 ; cham- 
 berlain of Scotland, 24 
 Westrawe, Gateshead, 267
 
 INDEX. 
 
 455 
 
 Wentworth, Sir Philip, executed, 353 
 Wentworth, Oliver, executed, 358 
 Wetwaug, Nicholas, sheriff, 333, 345, 346; j 
 
 legacy to, 340 ; wife of, 374 
 Whalton, manor of, 335 
 "VVharnowe, John, bequest to, 283 
 Whelewr3'ght, John, oequest to, 283 
 Whelpington, Robert, mayor, 295, 296, 299, 
 
 301; M.P., 251, 252, 270; witness, 246, 
 
 298 ; property at Gateshead, 268 
 Whelpington, Sir Robert, 300 
 Whetworth, William, juror, 285 
 Whickham, 124, 164, 239 
 Whickham Meadow, 410 
 Whickhain, William, 33 
 Whin Close, the, 361 
 Whitby, monks of, 282 
 Whitchester, William, knight, 277 
 White, David, 365 
 White, John, draper, 233, 260 ; of Gates- 
 
 licad, 396 
 
 White, Thomas, bequest to, 244 
 White, William, draper, 368 
 White Cross, the, 247 
 Whitehead, Alan, chaplain, 161 
 Whitehead, Robert, shipowner, 322 
 Whitereason, Henry, 411 
 Whites of Redheugh, the, 265 
 Whitfield, Sir Matthew, 300 
 Whitgrave, Stephen, bailiff, 175, 177 ; M.P., 
 
 203, 211 
 
 Whitgray, Stephen and Mary, 217 
 Whittingham, John, friar, 191 
 Wicklilfe, John, 177 
 Widdrington manor, 310 
 Widdrington, Edmund, M.P., 121 
 Widdrington, Edward, 124 
 Widdrington, Gerard, 65, 130 
 Widdrington, John, 87 
 Widdrington, Sir John, 285, 310 
 Widdrington, Ralph and Felicia. 379 
 Widdriugton, Roger, 65, 87, 162, 182, 217, 
 
 310 
 
 Wilkinson, Robert, 397 
 Willesby, Richard, chaplain, 238 
 Wilson, Robert, chaplain, 386 
 Wiltshire, Earl of, executed in Newcastle, 344 
 Windmill-hill, Gateshead, 297 
 Windmills to be made in Newcastle, 91 
 Windmill, customs respecting, 119 
 Wine duties (see " Customs regulations ") 
 
 Wine, prices of in Newcastle fixed, 144 
 Wingate, 278 
 
 Wingate, Henry, property in Newcastle, 878 
 Winlaton, coals sent to Windsor from, 
 
 167 
 
 Winton, John, sheriff, 815, 318 
 Witche, Henry, land in Newcastle, 14 
 Withwam, Nicholas, elector, 315 
 Witton-by-the- Water, 278, 281 
 Witton, Robert, clerk, 260 
 Wod, John, M. P., 356 
 Wodcroff, John, shipmaster, 313 
 Wolteby, Philippa, prioress of SL Bartholo- 
 mew, 52 
 
 Women at St. Cuthbert's tomb, 261 
 Woodhorn manor, 92, 310 
 Woodman, Henry, property in Newcastle, 
 
 378 
 
 Woodman, Hugh, juror, 126 
 Woodman, John, bailiff, 94, 99, 105, 108, 
 
 109, 117, 118, 121, 122; charge against, 
 
 124 ; juror, 126 
 Woodman, Thomas, bailiff, 181, 183, 184 ; 
 
 named, 378 
 Wool, (see "Customs regulations" and 
 
 "Staple") 
 
 Worcester, bishop of, in Newcastle, 19 
 Worship, Thomas, M.P., 132 
 Wrangis, wife of Thomas, 396 
 Wressil, Stephen, 214 
 Wryter, Andrew, 397 
 
 Wycliffe, Robert, constable of Durham, 215 
 Wyk, John, 92 
 Wymbyssh, Nicholas, 246 
 Wyndas Place, 99 
 Wyteslade, south, 234 ; north, 285 
 Wyvestow, 403 
 
 Yarm, convent of, 282 
 
 Yestr', John, 399 
 
 Yonge, Cuthbert, ordained, 407 
 
 York, Archbishop of, at Newcastle, 11, 354 ; 
 
 captured at Shields, 209 
 York, Duke of, slain, 341 
 York, Adam, bailiff, 193 
 York, Margaret, a nun, 190 
 York, Sir Richard, lands in Newcastle, 408 
 
 Younger, , the wife of, 396 
 
 Younghusband, liartram, sheriff, 400, 402 ; 
 
 named, 397 
 Yungesswen, William, land in Gateshead, 8 
 
 Printed by WALTER SCOTT, Filling,
 
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