M UC-NRLF $B 23T lb^ ICKENSS * # » Dictionary OxRORn *V»/Avi,VAVAVj8^/^> '^'^ }\AemiikH 8cQ' 1555 2^ ^ •' EDITED BY CHARLES DICKENS J. G, Cobriwi, MACMILLAN AND CO. 1885. so? DICKENS'S DICTIONARIES. NEW EDITIONS YEARLY. Diciens's Dictionary of London. Dicltens's Dictionary of tlie Tliames. Dicljens's Dictionary of Paris. DicJiens's Dictionary of.tke Mfsrsity of Oxford. DiclLcns's Wcfi®ffl^-if ihell6ii.iffirsitx,Qf Cambridge. PRICE ONE SHILLING EACH. Dicltens's Continental ABC Railway Guide Is Published on the ist of every Month. PRICE ONE SHILLING. LONDON: MACMILLAN AND CO. A DICTIONARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD. Abbott Scholarships, The.— Three in number, tenable for three years, are open to sons of clergyinen of the Church of England who need assistance to enable them to prosecute their studies at the University. If matriculated, they must not exceed three terms of residence, nor hold a Scholar- ship or Exhibition worth more than ;,^5o a year. Natives of the West Riding of Yorkshire are, ccetei^is paribus, preferred. Admission. — Students may be admitted as members of the University either as members of a College or Hall, or Non-Collegiate. In the former case, application should be made in good time to the Head of the College or Hall selected, when its particular requirements may be ascertained. As a rule an Examina- tion has to be passed, and in almost all cases an admission fee and a certain sum by way of Caution money have to be paid. Particulars as to these matters will be found under the head of each College or Hall. For any further in- formation application should be made at Oxford itself. Persons desirous of becoming mem- bers of the University without joining a College or Hall, must apply to the 2488f Delegates of Non- Collegiate Students through the Censor, whose duty it is to make inquiry as to their character, etc. An Examination of such candidates is held at the beginning of every term, in the following subjects : (l) Three books of Homer, or one Greek Play, or an equivalent amount of some other Greek author. (Candidates are advised to offer either the Hecuba or the Alcestis of Euripides ; or Homer, Odyssey VI.- VIII., as these are the most useful books.) (2) Three books of Virgil's ^neid, or three books of the Odes of Horace, or an equivalent amount of some other Latin author. (3) Trans- lation from English into Latin. (4) The elements of Greek and Latin Grammar. (5) Arithmetic, including Fractions, Decimals, and Proportion. (6) Euclid, Books I., II., or Algebra, the first four Rules, Fractions, and Simple Equations. Each candidate must forward to the Censor, at the Old Clarendon Building, Broad Street, Oxford, some time before the day appointed for the Examination: (i) a testimonial of good conduct and cha- racter ; (2) a certificate of his parents' or guardians' consent to his living in lodgings, or of his being of age. The fees payable by unattached students >/. B 2 ADM— ALL •./4 at matricuJhp.tii)iJ €D:€>'^£' 40?; ^ac^J to the Univar^Tiy^ incJ i^i lQ'yleg^tfe§;:ij5/.* Library entrance fee; £i ys. 6d, entrance tuition fee ; and £2 Caution money, returnable on removal of the name from the Delegates' books. JE grot at. — A candidate for Honours in any school who satisfies the Examiners that illness has prevented him from obtaining a place in the class list may receive an -^grotat degree ; or if part of the work in the schools has been done, but illness has prevented the whole Examination being completed in the ordinary way, the Examiners may allot the candidate a pass degree. In Oxford these degrees were for a long time unknown, until revived in 1885. AfB.liated Colleges.— The Ox- ford University Calendar gives the following summary of the conditions under which certain institutions may be admitted to the privileges of an Affiliated College: "By a Statute of the University passed in 1880, any College or Institu- tion within the United Kingdom or in any part of the British Dominions, being a place of education in which the majority of the students are of the age of seventeen at least, may on certain conditions be admitted to the privileges of an Affiliated College. The conditions are in effect as follows : The College or Institution must be incorporated by Royal Charter or otherwise established " *(5n a permanent and efficient footing ; it ^,isaust allow the University to be repre- sented on its Governing Body and to take part in its examinations ; it must have been admitted to the privileges of an Affiliated College by a vote of Con- vocation ; and the connection between it and the University must be terminable at the will of either body. Any person who has completed a course of three years at such a College, and obtained Honours at its second or final Examina- tion, may, without being previously matriculated, be admitted to the First Public Examination in this University ; and if he passes that Examination, and is matriculated in the next following term, he is absolved from Responsions, and may, as regards all provisions affecting academical standing, reckon the term in which he was matriculated as the fifth term from his matriculation. If further he obtains honours at the First or Second Public Examination, he may be admitted B. A. after eight terms of academical residence, provided he has then passed his Final Examination. The effect of this Statute is to reduce the period of necessary academical residence for a person coming from an Affiliated College from three to two years. The institutions at present admitted to these privileges are : 1880, June I, St. David^s College, Lampeter; 1882, June 15, University College, Nottingham." ALL SOULS' COLLEGE. All Souls' College, High Street, was founded in 1437 by Archbishop Chichele, its beginning having been as a chantry where prayers might be said for the souls of soldiers slain in the French wars. Above the entrance are statues of Henry VI. and the founder, and a group of figures in relief, variously said to represent the delivery of souls from purgatory and the resurrection of the dead. The first quadrangle is in much the same con- dition as it was in the founder's time. The second quadrangle was built by Hawksmoor, and is noticeable for its twin towers, and a rather incon- gruous sun-dial, said to be designed by Wren. The Chapel, which faces the visitor on entering the first quadrangle from the High Street, is open free on week-days from 12 to i and from 2 to 4, except on Good Friday and All Souls' Day. It is ap- 5 ALL—ALL proached by a gateway with fine vaulted roof with fan tracery, and is deservedly one of the sights of Oxford. A fifteenth-century reredos was discovered in 1870 behind a painted plaster screen, in a ruined condition, but with much of the old canopy work entire, and the old colour still remaining in places. It was restored by the munificence of the late Earl Bathurst, and the niches were filled with statues, the work of Mr. E. E. Geflowski. The principal figures comprise a number of very dis- similar personages, such as, besides a large collection of saints, the Duke of York ; John Talbot of Shrewsbury, planting his flag under the walls of Rouen ; Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester ; Catherine of France ; Thomas, Duke of Clarence ; John o' Gaunt ; Margaret of Anjou ; Henry V. ; Cardinal Beaufort ; and Earl Bathurst. The floor of the chancel is of great beauty. In the ante-chapel are the tomb and bust of Thomas Hoveden, 1614, and a few brasses, one dated 1490, another 146 1. Eastward of the Chapel is the Hall, containing several busts, among others one of Bishop Heber by Chantrey, and one of the founder by Roubiliac, as well as several portraits. Among the curiosities in the College is a very ancient salt-cellar of silver-gilt, supported by an armed figure, presented to the College by one of the descendants of the founder. The north side of the second quadrangle is occupied by the Library, built with money left by Colonel Codrington in the early part of the last century. In it is a planetarium, a statue of Colonel Codrington, and a fine collection of books, more especially of a legal character. Sir Christopher Wren's original designs for the building of St. PauFs are also here. One of the curious old customs, which are one by one disappearing from the Oxford of to-day, was annually celebrated at All Souls'. It was a tradition that when the foundations of the College were being prepared, a very large mallard flew from one of the drains, and that this circumstance gave rise to the adoption of a mallard as the College crest. On the Gaudy Day or annual festival, a song and chorus in honour of the mallard was sung by the Fellows ; a verse of this song, quoted by Shrimpton's local guide, is not calculated to inspire one with much idea of the versification of its author, or with much regret at the custom of singing it having fallen into desuetude. The first verse runs thus : Griffin, bustard, turkey, capon, Let other hungry mortals gape on : And on the bones with stomachs fall hard. But let All Souls' men have their mallard. Chorus. Oh, by the blood of King Edward ! Oh, by the blood of King Edward ! It was a swapping, swapping mallard. Among the distinguished members of All Souls' College were John Linacre, the physician; Leland, the antiquary; Jeremy Taylor; Sir Christopher Wren ; Dr. Sydenham, and Lord Chancellor Talbot. ALL-ALL 6 Chancellor of the Universiiy. The Marquis of Salisbury, D.C.L. Visitor. The Archbishop of Canterbury. Warden, Sir William Reynell Anson, Bart., D.C.L., elected in 1881. Estates Biirsar, Francis Compton, D.C.L. Domestic Bvrsar, William Markby, D.C.L. Sub- Warden. Thomas Ryburn Buchanan, M.A. Librarian. John Andrew Doyle, M.A. Chaplains. Rev. Arthur Henry Johnson, M.A. Vacant. Fellows. Hon. and Rev. Henry William Bertie, D.C.L. Charles Cavendish Clifford, D.C.L. Francis Compton, D.C.L. Hon. Charles Wrottesley, M.A. Sir R. G. Wyndham Herbert, D.C.L. Friedrich Max Muller, M.A. Charles Henry Robarts, M.A. Montagu Burrows, M.A. John Andrew Doyle, M.A. Thomas Ryburn Buchanan, M.A. Charles William Buller, M.A. Robert Gray Cornish Mowbray, M.A. Henry Offley Wakeman, M.A. Thomas Erskine Holland, D.C.L. Rev. Francis G. Cholmondeley, M.A. Charles Algernon Whitmore, M.A. Rowland Edmund Prothero, M.A. Thomas Raleigh, M.A. George Earle Buckle, M.A. Harry Duff, M.A., B.C.L. James Rochfort Maguire, M.A. William Paton Ker, M.A. Henry Rudolph Reichel, M.A. Charles R. L. Fletcher, M.A. Arthur Henry Hardinge, M.A. Albert Venn Dicey, M.A. William Markby, D.C.L. Charles W. C. Oman, M.A. Hon. G. N. Curzon, B.A. Samuel Rawson Gardiner, M.A. Francis William Pember, B.A. Herbert Hensley Henson, B.A. Honorary Fellow. Right Hon. W. E. Gladstone, M.A. FELLOWSHIPS. The intention of the founder was to encourage the study of the canon and civil law, and the original Foundation provided for a Warden, forty Fellows, and two Chaplains. The 1882 Statutes make mention of fifty Fellow- ships. Of these thirty-eight are ten- able for seven years, and are of the annual value of £200. The remaining twelve, also tenable for seven years, and of the annual value of ;^5o, are open to persons who have been Fellows. Of the Open Fellowships fourteen are awarded after examination in subjects connected with the studies of Law and History ; seven after examination in such other subjects as the Warden and Fellows may from time to time deter- mine ; seven are to be filled up by a Board consisting of the Warden and four Fellows, the Bodleian Librarian, and three persons appointed by the Hebdomadal Council, tenable on con- dition of undertaking some literary or scientific work in or under the direction of the College or University ; three are tenable in connection with certain College offices by persons who have been Fellows ; tv/o are tenable in con- nection with certain University offices by persons who have been Fellows ; and five are tenable in connection, respectively, with the Chichele Chair of International Law, the Chichele Chair of Modern History, the Regius Chair of Civil Law, the Vinerian Chair of English Law, the Chair of Political Economy. The College may also elect to Fellow- ships without emolument not more than, three persons who have attained dis- tinction in the service of the Crown, the profession of the law, in literature, science, or art ; and may also elect any Public Reader of the University whose chair is wholly or partly endowed by the College to a Fellowship with- out emolument tenable during his tenure of office. The next election for Fellowships will be on November 2, 1885. Anatomy, Dr. Isee's Reader in, is appointed; mainly by Christ Church, for life, is required to reside within the University during six months, and to lecture in two at least of the three University Terms, Easter and Trinity Terms being counted as one. His Lectures are to extend over a period of not less in any term than six weeks, or less in the whole than fourteen weeks. His remuneration for such duties is a yearly sum of ;^400, and in respect of such duties as he has to perform for Christ Church itself, he is to receive such an additional stipend as the Governing Body may from time to time determine. The total amount to be paid by the House to any Reader, in respect of his duties for the House and for the University, is not to exceed £700 per annum. The Reader is John Barclay Thompson, M.A., B.Mus., Student of Christ Church. Anatomy (Human), Tlie Reader in, lectures and gives in- struction as Demonstrator in conformity with the requirements of the Royal College of Surgeons and of the Ex- amining Board for England. His salary •is ;!^300 a year, and he is not entitled to take fees. He holds the office for five years, but may be reappointed. He is not allowed to practise during his tenure of office. The Reader is Arthur Thomson, M.B. Edin., M.A. Oxon. Anatomy (Human and Com- parative), The Linacre Pro- fessor of, shall be entitled to a stipend of £']00 per annum, in addition to the emolument of his ^x-^a^ Fellow- ship from Merton College, a member of which shall always be on the board of electors to the office. The Professor is Henry Nottidge Moseley, M.A., Fellow of Merton. Anglo-Saxon, The Hawlin- sonian Professor of, lectures and -gives instruction principally upon the Anglo-Saxon language, literature and history, in addition to which he may vtreat of the ancient Teutonic dialects ANA— A RN and of their relation to modern lan- guages. His emolument is derived from the University Chest, and it is provided under the Statutes that the Professorship may be united with the Merton Professorship of English Lan- guage and Literature, in which case the Statutes of the College provide that the holder of the two Professorships shall not receive less than £900 a year. The Professor is John Earle, M.A., late Fellow of Oriel. Anthropology, The Header in, lectures at least once a week during six weeks of the three University terms, and twice a week he gives informal in- struction. His stipend is ;^20o a year, but he may demand a sum not exceed- ing £2 per term from each student receiving informal instruction. The Reader is Edward Burnett Tylor, M. A., Hon. D.C.L., Balliol, Arabic, The Laudian Pro- fessor of, lectures and gives instruc- tion on the Arabic, Syriac and Chaldee languages and literature. The emolu- ments are derived from the benefaction of Archbishop Laud, supplemented by an annual sum of ;^45o from St. John's College, the President of which is always a member of the board of electors to the office. The Professor is Robert Gandell, M.A., Fellow of Hertford. Archaeology and Art, The Lincoln Professor of, lectures for fourteen weeks in the year on the arts and manufactures, monuments, coins, and inscriptions of classical an- tiquity, and on Asiatic and Egyptian antiquities. He undertakes the charge of any museum or collection connected with his chair which the University from time to time assigns him. He is entitled to the emoluments which by the statutes of Lincoln College are appropriated to his Professorship. The Professor is William Mitchell Ramsay, M.A., Exeter. Arnold Historical Essay.— A prize, open to all Graduates of the University who on the day appointed ARN-ART for sending in the compositions have not exceeded the eighth year from matricu- lation, is given annually for the best essay on some subject of Ancient or Modern History. Its value is;£"42. Art. — As a school for Art education in the particular sense in which the term is usually employed, Oxford presents many advantages to those who have the time and the will to avail themselves of them. The Ruskin Drawing School, situated ontheground floor of the south-west wing of the University Galleries, is under the superintendence of Mr. MacDonald, and is conducted on much the same princi- ples as most of the Government Art Schools of the country. On the upper floor of the same build- ing will be found, distributed among various rooms, a series of casts from statues representative of Egyptian, Greek, Roman, and Italian plastic Art. These are the memorial of a well-meant but not very successful en- deavour made by Mr. W. B. Richmond, a former Slade Professor, during his short tenure of the chair, to encou- rage the study of drawing from the figure among Undergraduate members of the University. A second collection of casts, repre- sentative of Greek Art in its best period, will be found on the ground floor. Even those who have most conser- vative reverence for ancient association must sometimes deplore, as every stranger does, the manner in which the University collections are scattered — the Arundel Marbles on the walls of the dark old School of Moral Philosophy in the quadrangle of the Bodleian, unknown to the majority of Undergraduates, who have not now even that temptation to become better acquainted with them which was for- merly given them, as they waited their turn for vivd voce in the Pass Schools ; others hidden away in the cellars of the Ashmolean Museum, now so cast into the shade by the new Museum at the corner of the Parks. Were these brought forth into the light, and wor- thily displayed in company with a complete representative series of castSy one more reproach might be taken away from Oxford. At present the impres- sion produced is that these collections are uncared for, an impression strength- ened by the aspect of the galleries of the Taylorian, where the one marble that finds a place upstairs — a female bust, with shoulders and drapery of a fine and strong simplicity, and a head of Roman work of a much later date — has, after many years of hesitation, now finally parted with her nose, which her head, long left negligently awry, bids fair soon to follow. The stranger, again, will wonder why the separation of the many fine pictures in the Taylorian from those in the Bodleian is so long maintained ► The drawings of Michael Angelo and Raphael, in the former, are a complete collection in themselves, as are the Turner water-colours presented by Mr. Ruskin ; but that the oil paintings of the University should not be united in one gallery is regrettable. Arts, Degrees in.— Except in the case of Music, the degree of Bachelor of Arts is necessary in every candidate for University Honours, the superior Faculties of Law, Medicine, and Divinity only conferring degrees upon those who have already passed the necessary Examinations in the Faculty of Arts. Except in the case of a student from an Affiliated College {which see), twelve terms of residence are necessary before the degree of Bachelor of Arts can be taken, and it is possible for this stage in an Oxford career to be reached in rather less than three years. The Examinations which are neces- sary for all candidates for the degree of B.A., are Responsions before the Masters of the Schools, the First Public Examination before the Moderators, and the Second Public Examination before the Public Examiners. In the case of Responsions, there are several exceptions to the rule which renders the Examination obligatory; persons who have passed the Previous Examination at Cambridge, who have satisfied the Oxford and Cambridge Schools' Examiners, who have obtained a special certificate at the Examination of senior candidates in the Oxford Eocal Examinations, who have obtained Honours in the Final Examination at an Affiliated College, or who are selected candidates for the Indian Civil Service, being excused this Examination. Other candidates for a degree in Arts have to pass Responsions, and may or may not be members of the University. In either case the names of candidates must be given to the Junior Proctor not less than six clear days before the Examination, together with a fee of ;f 2. The Examinations are held four times a year, namely, on a day between September 27 and October 5 (this is known as the Examination in lieu of Responsions); Michaelmas Term; Hilary Term ; and in Trinity Term. The Exami- nation, which consists partly in answer- ing questions in writing, and partly vivd, voce, is in the following five sub- jects : (i) Algebra or Euclid ; (2) Arith- metic; (3) Greek and Latin Grammar; (4) Translation from English into Latin Prose ; and (5) one Greek and one Latin author. It is necessary that candidates should satisfy the Examiners in the whole of these subjects, failure in any one being fatal to success. Candidates who are successful in all the subjects receive from the clerk of the schools a written certificate or Testamur signed by the Examiners. Those who fail, present themselves for examination at a future time. The First Public Examination, tnore familiarly known as *' Modera- tions," has to be passed by all, but candidates are divided into those who do not go in for Honours, and those ■who aspire to Honours in Classics and Mathematics. The Classical Examina- tion, in one or other of its forms, must of necessity be passed by all candidates, the Honours Examination in Mathe- 9 ART— ART matics being voluntary. The Examina- tion for those who do not seek Honours is held in Michaelmas Term and in Trinity Term. Successful candidates in all the subjects receive from the clerk of the schools a written certificate or Testamur signed by the Moderators. Candidates must have entered upon the fourth term from their matriculation, and must have passed Resp6nsions or the Examination in lieu of Responsions, or must present one of the certificates which are accepted in their stead. A fee of £1 \os. is required. The subjects of examination are five in number, and candidates must pass in each and all of them. The Examinations are conducted partly in writing and partly vivd voce, and the subjects are : (i) The Four Gospels in Greek; (2) Logic or Mathe- matics ; (3) Translation of English into Latin; (4) Three books, of which one at least must be Greek, and one either an historical or philosophical work to be selected from a list which is issued from time to time by the Board of Studies, and (5) Translations from Greek and Latin books, which have not been specially offered. In the event of the Examination in the Four Gospels being objected to on religious grounds, another Greek book may be substituted. Can- didates who fail to pass the Examina- tion may try again, so long as the Regulations laid down by the several Colleges admit. The Examinations of those who seek Honours in Classics are held in Michaelmas Term, and in Easter and Trinity Term, candidates being subject to the same conditions as those who do not seek Honours, except that they must have entered upon their fifth, and not have exceeded their eighth term from the time of their matricula- tion inclusive. The subjects of the Examination, which is conducted chiefly in writing but partly vivd voce, are : (l) The Four Gospels in Greek ; (2) Greek and Latin Literature, according to the list of books, etc., issued from time to time by the Board of Studies. As in the case of those who do not seek ART-ART 10 Honours, another Greek book may be substituted forthe Four Gospels. Success- ful candidates are divided into three classes, the names in which are arranged alphabetically, and candidates who are thus placed receive a certifi- cate. Such candidates as are not deemed worthy of being placed in a class list, but who have passed such an Examination as would have been satis- factory if they had not been candidates for Honours, are entitled to receive a Testamur to that effect. The Examina- tion of those who seek Honours in Mathematics is held in Michaelmas and Trinity Terms. Candidates must have begun the fourth and not exceeded the eighth term from the time of their matriculation inclusive ; they must have passed Responsions or one of the alternative Examinations, and are required to pay a fee of £l. The subjects are : ( i ) Algebra, and the Theory of Equations ; (2) Trigonometry ; (3) Plane Geometry ; (4) Geometry of three Dimensions ; (5) The Differential Calculus ; (6) The Integration of Differ- ential Expressions; and (7) The Elements of the Calculus of Finite Differences. Successful candidates are divided into three classes, the names in which are arranged in alphabetical order. The Second Public Examination consists of: (i) An Examination in the Rudiments of Faith and Religion ; (2) An Examination for candidates who do not seek Honours ; (3) An Examina- tion of candidates for Honours in the Schools of Literoe Humaniores, Mathe- matics, Natural Science, Jurisprudence, Modern History, and Theology. Al- though candidates may pass the Second Public Examination, either by obtain- ing Honours in any of the six schools above specified, or by passing the Examination for those who do not seek Honours, all candidates must satisfy the Examiners in the Rudiments of Faith and Religion, or in the sub- jects which those who object to the Examination on religious grounds are permitted to substitute. Candidates must have passed the First Public Examination, or they must have passed the General Examination at Cambridge and have been incorporated at Oxford. Candidates are admitted to the Ex- amination in the Rudiments of Faith and Religion, or in the substituted matter, in any term subsequent to that in which they passed the First Public Examination. Candidates who seek Honours must have entered upon the twelfth term from their matriculation ; but no one is admitted as a candidate in any Honour School after the lapse of sixteen terms from the term of his matriculation in- clusively, unless he has been classed in some other school of the Second Public Examination, in which case he may be admitted up to the twentieth term inclusively. Candidates who do not seek Honours are admitted to the Pass School, or any part of it, in any term subsequent tc^ that in which they have passed the First Public Examination. The Examination in the Rudiments of Faith and Religion held in Michael- mas and in Hilary Terms begins on the Saturday in the seventh week of full term. The Examination of candidates who do not seek Honours begins in Michaelmas Term on the Monday in the eighth week of full term, and in Trinity Term on the Monday in the week before Commemoration. The Examination in the School of Literse Humaniores begins not earlier than some day in the week before Com- memoration. The Preliminary Honour Examination in the School of Natural Science begins in Michaelmas Term on the Thursday in the sixth week of full term, and in Easter or Trinity Term on the Thursday in the third week before the Commemoration. The Final Honour Examination, held only once a year, begins not later than seven days after the end of the Preliminary Honour Examination in Easter or Trinity Term. The Examinations in the Schools of Modern History, Jurisprudence, and Theology begin not earlier than some day in the week before Commemora- tion. The Examination in the School of Mathematics begins in Trinity Term on the Thursday immediately following the eighth week of full term. The fees payable by candidates will be found in the list of Fees payable to the University on various occasions. At the close of the Examinations in ■each of the Honour Schools the suc- <:essful candidates are divided in order •of merit into four classes, the names in which are arranged alphabetically, ■certificates being issued by the Ex- aminers to all who appear in the Honours lists. Candidates who have •not succeeded in obtaining Honours, but have done sufficiently well to satisfy the Examiners in the Pass School, receive certificates to that effect. For full lists of the subjects and books appointed for the Honour Schools reference should be made to the regula- tions issued by the Board of Studies. For the degree of Master of Arts no ■further Examination or exercise is required ; a Bachelor of Arts, by pay- ing the necessary fee, can proceed to the degree of Master in the twenty- seventh term from his matriculation, provided that he has had his name on the books of some College or Hall, or upon the Register of the Delegates of Non-Collegiate Students for a period of twenty-six terms. Ashmolean Museum, at the hack of the Sheldonian Theatre, and hard by Exeter College in Broad Street, was founded by Elias Ashmole in 1679, from which period the present edifice dates. The collections here, although not large, are of their kind good, and consist of Chinese and Japanese curiosities, flint implements, ancient pottery, arms, daggers, Polynesian weapons, Esquimaux and North American Indian objects, and a variety of relics interesting no less from their rarity than for their historical associations. Among the most notable objects may be mentioned — starting from I ART— AT H the right on entering — some Burmese and Malabar MSS., written on talipot leaves ; a fine old carved powder-flask ; Charles I.'s spurs ; a mosaic portrait in shells of Pope Leo XIL ; the sword sent by Leo X. to Henry VHI. with the title of Defender of the Faith, with a crystal handle highly wrought ; King Alfred's jewel, enamelled in gold, and bearing the inscription in Saxon, '* Alfred ordered me to be made ; " Queen Eliza- beth's watch and riding-boots ; Charles II. 's bellows ; a glove which belonged to Mary Queen of Scots ; Henry VIII. 's hawking-glove ; and Oliver Cromwell's watch. The '^ Oxford Collection " com- prises a variety of implements, and of pieces of pottery discovered in the town during the process of excavations. Des- cending the staircase to the left, there will be found a number of clubs, arrows, patu patus, and other implements of war from Tongataboo, Fiji, New Zea- land, and various parts of Polynesia, and on the basement are the celebrated Arundel Marbles. In the museum is a portrait of Ashmole, in a frame carved by Grinling Gibbons. The collection can be seen (fee ^d. ) daily from 1 1 to 4. The Keeper is Arthur John Evans, M.A., Brasenose. Astronomy, The Savilian Professor of, lectures and gives instruction on Theoretical and Practical Astronomy. His emoluments are de- rived from the benefaction of Sir Henry Saville, or from the University Chest ; he is also to receive the annual sum of £400 and the payment of an ordinary Fellow from New College, the Warden of which is always a member of the board of electors to the office. The Professor is Charles Pritchard, D.D., Fellow of New College. Athletics. — The University Athletic Ground is situated on the Iffley Road, a few minutes' walk from Magdalen Bridge, and just beyond Christ Church Cricket Ground. The Running Path is laid down in cinder, and is one-third of a mile round. There ATH— ATH 12 is a good straight of about 150 yards. The turf inside is rented by Hertford College as a Cricket and Lawn Tennis Ground. The University Athletic Club is open to all members of the University on payment of a subscription of 15^-. annually, in Michaelmas Term, which entitles to admission to the ground at any time during the year. The Fresh- men's Sports are held here in the Michaelmas Term, and the University Sports in the Lent Term. The Path is open for practice every day, and the sports of the various Colleges are held on the ground at frequent intervals throughout the Winter Term. These afford many opportunities for outsiders to test their powers in the Strangers' Handicaps which are almost invariably a part of the programme. Members of a College Club whose Sports are being held, are admitted free to the ground for that day only, the College paying;^! per diem for the use of the ground, and 3^. for each of its members so admitted. The Oxford University Sports took place on March 7 and 9, 1885, the re- sults of those events which bore upon the Inter- University contests being as follows : High Jump, — W. P. Montgomery (Merton), 5 ft. 6 in., l ; G. F. Hornby (Corpus), 5 ft. 5 in., 2; W. R. Macray also competing. Quarter -Mile Race. — A. S. Blair (Brasenose), i ; M. H. Paine (Merton), 2; H. R. Strange (Keble), 3; W. Madeley (New), o. Won in 5 if sec. by a yard. Throwing the Hammer. — J. H.Ware (Brasenose), loi ft., I ; J. H. Murray (Magdalen), 94 ft. 3 in., 2. One Mile Race. — T. A. Brassey (Balliol), I ; E. R. Holland (Pembroke), 2; F. E. J. Smith (New), 3. Also ran : E. de L. Collinson (New), H. Gordon (New), A. J. M. Duncan (New), C. J. Lavie (New), and E. R. Neville (Lincoln). Time, 4min. 37f sec. Won by a foot. Smith only a yard behind the second. One Hundred Yards. — A. S. Blair (Brasenose), i ; M. H. Paine (Merton), 2 ; H. H. Minton (St. John's), 3 ; G. B. Green (University), A. Vian (Balliol), and G. C. Lindsey (Wadham), also running. Won by 3 yds. ; a yard between second and third. Time, io| sec. Wide Jump. — A. G. Grant - Asher (Brasenose), 21 ft. ijin., i; W. P. Stud- holme (Magdalen), 18 ft. ll in. ; H. G. Farrant (New, 18 ft. II in.; T. H. Bailey (University), 18 ft. 7 in. ; R. B. Stewart (Magdalen), o. Puttiiig the Weight.—]. H. Ware (Brasenose), 42 ft., I ; G. F. Hornby (Corpus), 37 ft., 2 ; E. Money- Wigram (Oriel), 36 ft. 6 in., 3 ; A. S. Blair (Brasenose), 34 ft. i^^ in., o; H. C. Formby (Hertford), 31 ft. i in., o.. One Htindred and Tzventy Yards Hurdle Race.— A. M'Neill (Trinity), I ; H. T. Bowlby (Balliol), 2 ; G. F. Hornby (Corpus), 3 ; A. G. Grant-Asher (Brase- nose), o ; F. E. Cummins (University), o. M *Neill drew away and won very easily by half-a-dozen yards in 17I- sec. Three Miles Race.— ]. H. A. Marshall (University), I ; E. De L. Collinson (New), 2; W. L. Marshall (Ch. Ch.), 3 ; T. A. Brassey (Balliol), o ; M. V. James (Lincoln), o ; C. H. Mead (Lin- coln), o ; E. R. Neville (Lincoln), o ; J. A. Perkin (Lincoln), o. Won by 80 yds. ; 100 yds. between second and third. Time, 15 min. 50 sec. THE INTER - UNIVERSITY SPORTS took place at Lillie Bridge on March 27, 1885, Oxford having the best of it by five and a half points to three and a half. Putting the Weight.—]. H. Ware (Brasenose, Oxford), 36 ft. ilin., i; E. O'F. Kelly (Caius, Cambridge),. 36 ft. 6in., 2 ; A. G. Paterson (Queens',. Cambridge), 32 ft. 9^ in., 3 ; E. Money- Wigram (Oriel, Oxford), 31 ft. l in., o. One Hundred Yards Race. — H. E.. Booty (Clare, Cambridge), i ; A. S.. Blair (Brasenose, Oxford), 2 ; C. H- Lowe (Trinity), 3 ; H. H. Minton (St. John's, Oxford), o. Won by a foot in I of sees. High Jump, — G. F. Hornby (Corpus, Oxford), 5 ft. 6| in.+ ; W. P. Mont- gomery (Merton, Oxford), 5 ft. 6|in.t; S. O. Purves (Queens', Cambridge), 5 ft. 6iin.t; T. H. Marsh (Pembroke, Cambridge), 5 ft. ^\ in., o. One Mile Race.—Y.. R. Holland (Pembroke, Oxford), i ; J. C. Waters (Jesus, Cambridge), 2 ; F. E. J. Smith (New, Oxford), 3; T.A.Brassey(Balliol, Oxford), 4; W. D. M. La Touche (Pembroke,Cambridge), o ; H. Armitage (Jesus, Cambridge), o. Won by 10 yds. Time, 4 min. 37f sec. Four Hu7idred and Forty Ya7'ds Ra. e, — A. S. Blair (Brasenose, Oxford), i ; H. C. L. Tindall (Christ's, Cam- bridge)t; M. H. Paine (Merton, Ox- ford)!; P' M. G. Maclagan (Pembroke, Cambridge), o. Won after a good race by % yd. in 5 if sec. Throwing the Ha7Jimer. — J. R. Orford (King's, Cambridge), 99 ft. 7 in., I ; H. Neilson (Clare, Cam- bridge), 95 ft. 7 in., 2; J. H. Ware 13 ATH— BAL (Brasenose, Oxford), 93 ft. i in., 3 ; J. H. Murray (Magdalen, Oxford), 90 ft. 10 in., o. One Hundred and Twenty Yards Hurdle Race.— A. M'Neill (Trinity, Oxford), i; J. R. Orford (King's, Cambridge), 2; H. L. Bowlby (Balliol, Oxford), 3 ; S. Joyce (Caius, Cam- bridge), o. This was a runaway affair, M'Neill going right away from the start, and winning as he liked by half- a-dozen yards in i7f sec. Wide Jump. — A. G. Grant- Asher (Brasenose, Oxford), 19 ft. 10 in., I ; F. B. Roberts (Selwyn, Cambridge), 19 ft. Si^in., 2; F. C. Palmer (St. John's, Cambridge), 19 ft. 5i in., 3; H. G. Farrant (New, Oxford), 19 ft. 2\ in., o. Three Miles Race.—E. F. W. Eliot (Trinity, Cambridge), i ; J. H. O. Marshall (University, Oxford), 2 ; E. de L. Collinson (New, Oxford), 3 ; J. A. Perkin (Exeter, Oxford), o; L. W. Reed (St. John's, Cambridge), o ; J. E. Howard (Trinity, Cambridge), o. Won by 7 yds., Collinson being 200 yds. behind. Time, 15 min. 27^ sec. BALLIOL COLLEGE. Balliol College is in Broad Street and Magdalen Street. The date of the foundation of Balliol by Sir John Balliol, of Barnard Castle, Durham, the father of John Balliol, King of Scotland, is somewhat obscure. The year was perhaps 1268. The College has been practically entirely rebuilt, a small portion only of the older buildings now remaining, no part of the College being older than 143 1. The south front, with the massive tower, was built about 1870 by Waterhouse, and ten years earlier the Chapel was built from designs by Butterfield, who here employed the red and white Gothic, which he afterwards developed more fully at Keble. The Library and Hall, which have been enlarged, are of older date than most of the remainder of the College ; on the west of the Broad Street entrance is a very beautiful oriel window. In the Hall are some portraits, and the Library has a good collection of illuminated MSS. Opposite the door of the Master's lodging in Broad Street are four small stones set crosswise, and it is supposed by some that it was here that Cranmer, Ridley, and Latimer suffered martyrdom. Other authorities are quite certain that the stones do not exactly mark the actual scene of the auto-da-Je. Several Archbishops of Canterbury and a great number of other BAL-BAL 14 distinguished ecclesiastics have been trained at Balhol ; and Dr. Adam Smith ; Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester (one of the founders of the Bodleian Library) ; Sir William Hamilton ; and Robert Southey are among the most celebrated of its lay members. Visitor. Vacant. Masier. Rev. Benjamin Jowett, M.A. (1842), elected 1870. Classical Tutor and Senior Dean. James Leigh Strachan-Davidson, M.A. Classical Tutor and Junior Dean. Richard Lewis Nettleship, M.A Tutor in Law. Robert Grey Tatton, M.A Classical Tutors. William Henry Forbes, MA. Francis de Paravicini, M.A. Classical Tutor and Librarian. Evelyn Abbott, M.A Tutor in Modern History. .\rthur Lionel Smith, M.A. Theological Tutor. Hon. and Rev. William Henry Fremantle, M.A. Tutor to the Indian Probationers. William Markby, D.C.L. Chaplains. Rev. Richard William Massy Pope, B.D. Hon. and Rev. William Henry Fremantle, M.A Senior Bursar. Arthur H. Dyke Acland, M.A Junior Bursar. Evelyn Abbott, M.A. Tutors and Lecturers not on the Foundation. John Wellesley Russell, M.A, Merton [Mathematical). George Frederick Nicholl, M.A, Balliol [Lecturer in Oriental Languages). David George Richie, M.A, Jesus [Classical Tutor). Alfred Marshall, M.A [Lecturer in Political Economy). Duke of Bedford' s Lecturer i?i Physics. Harold Bailey Dixon, M.A., Trinity. Fellows. William Lambert Newman, M.A. James L. Strachan-Davidson, M.A' John Purves, M.A. Richard Lewis Nettleship, M.A. Robert Grey Tatton, M.A William Henry Forbes, M.A. Evelyn Abbott, M.A. Francis de Paravicini, M.A. MoNiER Williams, M.A., Hon. D.C.L. Arthur Lionel Smith, M.A. John William Mackail, B.A. Hon. and Rev. William Henry Fremantle, M.A. William Markby, D.CL. Alfred Marshall, M.A William Ross Hardie, B.A. Honorary Fellows. Robert Browning, M.A, Hon. D.C.L. Ven. Edwin Palmer, D.D. William Stubbs, D.D. Rev. James Franck Bright, M.A. ADMISSION. The Examination, which is not com- petitive, usually takes place on the Wednesday of the first week of term, when candidates assemble at nine in the morning. Candidates can be provided with board and lodging during the Examination at a very moderate charge. The subj ects comprise Divinity, including the Gospels in Greek ; written or vivd voce translations from Thucydides or Demosthenes, Cicero or Livy, Homer and Virgil ; translation from English into Latin prose ; a vivd voce Examina- tion in Greek and Latin Grammar; English Composition ; the first two books of Euclid, or the first part of Algebra ; and Arithmetic as far as Decimals. Candidates can also present themselves for examination in History, Composition in Modern Languages, and Advanced Mathematics, and success in these sub- jects is under certain circumstances accepted as a substitute for classical knowledge. For a resident in College an admission fee of ;^5 if a commoner, and jCs if a scholar is charged, and Caution money to the amount of ;£"2i has to be deposited. Residents out of College pay ^5 for Caution money, and an admission fee of £2. The Caution money is returned on the removal of the name from the College books. SCHOLARSHIPS, EXHIBITIONS, ETC. The following Exhibitions and Scholar- ships are awarded annually : Three Foundation Scholarships of an annual value of ;^8o during residence ; one Mathematical Scholarship of a like annual value, open to all persons who have not exceeded one year from their matriculation ; one Modern History and one Natural Science Scholarship, also of the annual value of ^80 each, open to candidates who have not exceeded two years from matriculation ; three or four Classical Exhibitions, each of the annual value of £^0, open to all persons who have not exceeded eight terms from their matriculation ; one Snell Exhibition, open under certain restric- tions to members of the University of Glasgow, tenable for five years and of the annual value of ;^iio, the Exami- nation for this Exhibition taking place in Glasgow ; one Blundell's Scholarship of the annual value of £60, confined to persons educated at I'iverton School ; and two small Exhibitions, one of which is reserved to Tiverton School, and the other to Ludlow School. In addition to these is the Jenkyns Exhibition, of the annual value of jftioo? which is tenable for four years, and two College Ex- hibitions, also tenable for four years, and of the annual value of £^0 each. FELLOWSHIPS. These are divided into Tutorial and Non-tutorial. The numbers of the former are not to be less than seven or 15 BAL-BAM more than eleven, while the latter are not to exceed nine in number. Under certain circumstances a Tutorial Fellow may marry without vacating his Fellow- ship. The yearly value of an ordinary Fellowship is;^200 ; to which is added, in the case of Tutorial Fellows, £^0 to a Fellow who gives his entire ser- vices to the College, and a payment from the Tuition Fund which begins at jC lOOf and may rise to ;£'340 per annum. EXPENSES. The annual tuition fee is £25. Resi- dents in College pay annually £22 lOi". for ' * establishment" (bedmaker. Library, porter, shoe cleaner, etc. , gas and water). The annual charge to residents out of College is £3 Ss., which includes the subscription to the Library. The cost of rent of rooms and hire of furniture is estimated at ;i^20 a year. In addition to the University fees, the College degree fees are, B.A. £4. 4s., and M.A. £6 6s, COLOURS. The Eight wear a red jacket trimmed with white, white jersey with red stripes, white cap with the College arms in red and blue. The ordinary uniform is blue coat and cap, embroidered with the College arms. Bampton Lectures . — Under the will of the Rev. John Bampton, eight Divinity Lecture-Sermons are preached on Sunday mornings, '* between the com- mencement of the last month in Lent Term and the end of the third week in Act Term, upon either of the following subjects : to confirm and establish the Christian Faith, and to confute all heretics and schismatics — upon the divine authority of the Holy Scrip- tures — upon the authority of the writings of the primitive Fathers, as to the Faith and Practice of the primitive Church — upon the Divinity of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ— upon the Divinity of the Holy Ghost — upon the Articles BAM-BED 16 of the Christian Faith, as comprehended in the Apostles' and Nicene Creeds." The appointment, which can only be held for one year, is now worth about £200 to the Lecturer, who must be a Master of Arts of Oxford or Cambridge, and is chosen by the Heads of Col- leges on the fourth Tuesday in every Easter Term. The Lecturer for the ensuing year is the Rev. Charles Bigg, D.D., Chaplain of Corpus Christi College. Bathing - Places. — The nearest bathing-place available for residents in Oxford is that known as " Parson's Pleasure," on the Cherwell. It lies at the south-east corner of the Parks, close to the head of the walk called Meso- potamia, and may be reached either by way of Holywell Church or from the Parks Road by turning down by the Museum. Within a small enclosure of turf, shaded by lofty willows, will be found a row of dressing-boxes, with spring-boards and stages for headers at various heights. Towels can be pro- cured from the attendant at a charge of 6d. The stream is sluggish and not particularly inviting. The University Bathing - Place is situated on the right-hand side of the Gut, on a back-water which leaves the main stream just below Clasper's Boat House. Here the space is almost as confined as at Parson's Pleasure, though there is more air and brightness, and here again the water is turbid. A charge of 3^. is made for the use of towels. Twenty- five pounds a year is contributed to this bathing-place from the University Chest. The more pleasant bathing-places are those unofficial nooks which one can choose for oneself. Such may be found above King's Weir, where few boats pass, the lock below Eynsham being one of the most enjoyable. Here there is clear bright water, flowing with a steady rush past the single gate, usually left open, whose arm furnishes an excellent stage for a header. Below Iffley there is Sandford Lasher, of evil repute for bathers, as its obelisk testifies. Still there is a charm in the brisk seething eddies, and save / when the river is high and the bather / foolhardy, there is little or no danger/ for capable swimmers. Baths. — There is a well-manage Turkish Bath {2s. 6d.) in Merton Streetl with an excellent swimming bath (u. I attached. This latter is not patronised by Undergraduates to the extent that it deserves. It is warmed to a pleasant temperature in winter. Baths can be obtained at the Oxford Racquet Courts Company's premises at Holywell, and in Museum Terrace, at a cost of 6d, each, hot or cold. Battels.— Battels is properly a designation of the food obtained from the College Buttery. An account of this, and of the amount due to the Kitchen, is sent in to every Undergraduate weekly, hence these bills also are known as "battels," and the name further is extended to the total amount of the term's expenses furnished by the College. In some Colleges it is made essential to the keeping of an Undergraduate's term that he should battel, i.e., obtain food in College on a certain number of days in each week. {See also tinder Com- mons.) Bedels. — There are an Esquire Bedel and three Sub-Bedels. The Esquire Bedel is appointed by the Curators of the University Chest and the Pro-Vice- Chancellors, subject to the approval of Convocation. He receives £200 per annum, and his duties are to register matriculations, to give due notice to those who are to preach before the University, to escort such preachers from their College or Hall to the University Church and back, to act as private secretary to the Vice- Chancellor, and give his whole time to the service of the University. The office of Esquire Bedel will cease with tlie present holder. There will then be four Bedels : one junior appointed by the Vice- Chancellor, and in constant attendance upon him, at a salary of ;^I20, rising to £130 after five years; and three senior Bedels appointed by the Vice- Chancellor and Proctors at a salary of ^£'40 each. They will be in attendance at all University Sermons, at Congregations, the admission of Proctors, and all State occasions. When in attendance on the Chancellor or Vice- Chancellor, the three senior Bedels shall carry gold staves, and the junior a silver staff, all wearing the usual gown and round cap. They are to be con- stantly resident in the University, and hold ofiice subject only to dismissal by the Vice-Chancellor and Proctors for incapacity, neglect of duty, or scandalous conduct. At the Encaenia, and on special occasions, the Vice- Chancellor may appoint an extra- ordinary Bedel and Sub-Bedel. The Esquire Bedel is William Waters Har- rison, M.A,, Brasenose. Bicycling.— The University Bi- cycle Club is open to all members of the University proposed and seconded by members of the Club. The sub- scription is l^s. a term, which covers the hire of accommodation for bicycles at Wyatts', in St. Giles's. There are frequent Club Runs throughout the terms. The annual races of the Club are held on the path at the O.U.A.C. ground in the summer term. The con- test with Cambridge is held alternately at that place and on the Oxford Run- ning Ground. The last Inter-University contests took place at Lillie Bridge on July 2, 1884, the first and second places in all the events being filled by the representatives of Cambridge. There was no contest in 1885, owing to the collapse of the Oxford club. Bidding Prayer.— The Bidding Prayer is repeated before the delivery of the University Sermon on Sunday BED-BOA mornings and afternoons in St. Mary's, the congregation all standing. It is a detailed petition for the welfare of the University and its benefactors, officials, r.nd Colleges, and especially for that of the preacher for the day. Billiards.— The best private rooms are Beechey's, in Alfred Street. There are private tables also in Blue Boar Lane and at Gare's in St. Aldate's, in Broad Street, a few doors from Kettle Hall, in Holywell Street, in the Turl, and in Magdalene Street. The usual charge is 2s. per hour. There are public tables at most of the hotels. Billiard-rooms are liable to be cleared by the Proctors after 9 p.m. Under- graduates found there after that time may be fined 10^. The last Inter-University Matches were played at Cambridge on March 18 and 19, 1884, Oxford winning in both the double-handed and single-handed games. In the former C. T. Douglas Lane and H. Groves (Brasenose) de- feated F. Hamilton (Caius) and P. Groves (Clare) by 92 points ; and in the latter Lane beat Hamilton, scoring 500 to his opponent's 433. Oxford has now won ten and Cambridge seven double-handed matches ; and Oxford eleven and Cambridge six of the single- handed contests. Boards of Paculties, — (^^ especially in his last year, which he may miss the chance of finding out if he confines himself to one set of com- panions, and to one daily beat of occupation. Beside the official boating course there are a hundred pleasant forms of aquatics offered by the river at Oxford. There is canoeing below locks and on the Cherwell, or above Medley Lock by the Port Meadow, and the long stretches of the pleasant Wytham fields, or the dingey may be preferred, either for solitary excursions or with a companion. The dingey, indeed, is the form of craft which offers more advantage to the aquatic lounger than any other. In it he has thorough independence, he enjoys considerable freedom of move- ment without fear of an upset, he can jDass almost anywhere, can drift with the stream, or make a good pace if he chooses, he can stand up and punt, or lie in the stern on a long cushion and read in the shade. The *' whiff" is a vessel which recommends itself to few save the ambitious freshman and a certain class of upper river habitues. It combines the disadvantages of a dingey and a skiff, with the excellences of neither. If a man Ukes fast going, and can make a whiff travel and turn in safety, he may as well take to a skiff, if not he will be much happier in a dingey. Punting on the Cherwell is one of the special delights of the Summer Term. The functions of the crew of two are of unequal arduousness. One occupant reclines in the bows upon two large square cushions, and devotes himself to keeping his books from getting splashed ; the other wields the pole in the stern. The cockle (a kind of magnified walnut-shell) is also popular in summer on the Cherwell. The upper river, besides being the crowded resort of the " unprofessional " boating undergraduate world, is a capital piece of water for "centre-board- ing." The "centre-boards," mostly built at Southampton, though not diffi- cult to manage even to beginners, repay 19 BOA— BOA skill and experience, especially on stormy afternoons, when they are liable to capsize or rush ungovernably into the bank on the shortest notice if not knowingly handled. They may be hired for 2.S. the afternoon. For an afternoon's row, a dingey may be taken in summer down to Sandford. or Nuneham, and back, or up the Cher- well to Islip — through some rather troublesome bends and shallows — or above King's Weir to Eynsham, or branching off up the Evenlode. {See Dickens's Dictionary of the Thames.) The University Boating Club (whose head-quarters are the University Barge, and the new Boat House built in 1881, with a commodious basement for the storage of racing boats) is open to all members of the University on the following terms : Any Graduate paying £2, or any Undergraduate by paying ^'3 loj., be- comes a life member. Any member of the University by paying £1 may be- come a member for one term, not being thereby qualified to row or steer in any of the University races (a privilege re- served for life members, or for those who have paid four terminal subscriptions). The University races of the past year took place as under : The final heat of the University Cox- swainless Fours in 1884 was rowed on November 7, and resulted as follows : Station 2 : Magdalen, i. „ I : New, o. Lincoln, Trinity, Corpus, and Christ Church were defeated in the preliminary heats. The Magdalen crew consisted of N. Radclifi"e, G. S. Bayley, H. Girdle- stone, and W. S. Unwin (stroke). The Trial Eights were rowed in De- cember, 1884, from the Great Western Railway Bridge, Moulsford, to Cleeve Lock, about a mile and a half. Balfour's Crew, i ; Unwin's Crew, o. Balfour's Crew : N. Radcliffe, Mag- dalen ; S. H. Fothergill, New ; L. S. R. Byrne, Trinity ; F. E. Cuming, Uni- BOA— BOA versity; J. H. Ware, B.N.C. ; C. R. Carter, Corpus; F. O. Wethered, Christ Church ; H. Balfour, Trinity (stroke); W. E. Maynard, Exeter (cox.). Unwin's Crew : C. K. Bowes, Christ Church ; J. S. demons, Corpus ; G. Trower, Keble ; H. Girdlestone, Mag- dalen ; G. F. Hornby, Exeter ; P. W. Taylor, Lincoln; H. H. Walrond, Exeter ; W. S. Unwin, Magdalen (stroke); H. E. Bull, Magdalen (cox.). The Torpids in 1885 were rowed on February 19 to 25, the order of the boats at the start and finish being : First Division. — Start : Corpus, Brase- nose, New I, Magdalen i, Christ Church I, Trinity, Exeter i, Keble i, Balliol i. Queen's, Pembroke, Wadham, Lincoln, Christ Church 2. First Division. — Finish : Corpus, Brasenose, New i, Exeter, Magdalen, Christ Church i. Trinity, Balliol I, Queen's, Pembroke, Keble i, Wadham, Christ Church 2, St. Catherine's. Second Division. — Start : Christ Church 2, Hertford, Worcester, St. Catherine's, Oriel, University, New 2, Jesus, St. John's, Keble 2, Merton, Balliol 2, Magdalen 2, Exeter 2. Second Division. — Finish : St. Ca- therine's, Oriel, Lincoln, Jesus, Hert- ford, Worcester, University, St. John's, Magdalen 2, New 2, Keble 2, Merton, Exeter 2, Balliol 2. Oxford v, Cambridge. In 1885 the race was rowed on the 28th March, with the following result : Oxford I Cambridge ... ... ... ... o The following are the names and weights of the crews : OXFORD. St. lb. W. S. Unwin, Magdalen (bow) . . 10 xo% J. S. demons, Corpus .. .. 11 9 P. W. Taylor, Lincoln . . . . 13 6^ C. R. Carter, Corpus . . . . ..132 H. Maclean, New .. ,. .. 12 12 F. O. Wethered, Christ Church .. 12 6 D. H. Maclean, New .. .. ..13 iK H. Girdlestone, Magdalen (stroke).. 12 7 F. J. Humphreys^ Brasenose (cox.) 8 2 20 lb. 3^ 8 11^ CAMBRIDGE. st. N. P. Symonds, Lady Margaret (bow) 10 W. K. Hardacre. Trinity Hall .. 10 W. H. W. Perrott, First Trinity .. 12 S. Swann, Trinity Hall . . . . 13 F. E. Churchill, Third Trinity .. 13 E. W. Haig, Third Trinity .. .. 11 R. M. Coke, Trinity Hall . . . . 12 F. L Pitman, Third Trinity (stroke) 11 G.Wilson, First Trinity (cox.) .. 7 11 Won easily by three lengths in 21 min. 36 sec. College Eights, May 14 to 20, 1885. The boats started thus : Exeter, Corpus, Magdalen, Brasenose, Keble, Christ Church, New, Trinity, Hert- ford, Pembroke, St. John's, St. Catherine's, Balliol, Worcester, Queen's, Merton, University, Oriel, Lincoln, Jesus, Wadham, St. Edmund Hall; and finished in the following order r Corpus, Magdalen, New, Exeter, Brase- nose, Keble, Christ Church, Pembroke, St. John's, Balliol, Trinity, Oriel, Hertford, St. Catherine's, Worcester^ Merton, Lincoln, Wadham, Queen's, University, Jesus, St. Edmund Hall. The Corpus men were : C. W. Dunn (bow), R. F. Cholmeley,S. G.Williams, T. N. Arkell, G. F. Hornby, C. R. Carter, J. S. demons, H. A. Poweli (stroke), Ellise (cox.). University Sculls. Final Heat, June 3, 1885. Station 2. — W. S. Unwin (Magda- len) 1 Station i.— S. R. Fothergill (New College) Q E. G. Vickers (University), W. F. Anderson (Oriel), L. S. R. Byrne (Trinity), T. A. Brassey (Balliol), and G. E. H. Pratt (St. John's), were defeated in the preliminary heats. Challenge Oars. Final Heat, June 9, 1885. Station 2.— H. Maclean and D. H. Maclean (New) i Station i. — J. S. Clemons (Corpus) and H. Girdlestone (Magdalen)... o F. O. Wethered and C. R. Bowes (Christ Church), and F. B. Hewett and W. S. L. Robertson (Wadham), were defeated in the preliminary heats. Boden Sanskrit Scholar- ships. — To these, which are of the annual value of ;!^5o, and tenable for four years, one scholar is elected every Hilary Term, from candidates who are members of some College or Hall, and have not exceeded their twenty-fifth year. The holders of the Scholarship are required to keep statu- table residence of three terms in each year, to attend the lectures of the Boden Professor, and to satisfy him periodically of their proficiency in Sanskrit. Bodleian Library.— This famous library, now one of the most important in existence, had a very humble origin. It was named the Cobham Library, after its donor, and was situated in the north-east of St. Mary's Church. It was begun about 1367, and fully fitted out about 1409. The portion of the present Library used by readers was finished about 1480. As Duke Humphrey assisted in the undertaking by gifts of money, books, and MSS., he is commonly considered its founder. In 1550 Edward VI. sent Commissioners, who destroyed all illu- minated MSS. and books which they considered tainted with Popery, and so reduced the Library that by 1556 it had become a timber-yard. Sir Thomas Bodley, at one time British Minister at the Ilague, began the restoration in 1598, and finished it in 1602. The library now numbers over 450,000 volumes. The librarian is Mr. Edward "Williams Byron Nicholson, M.A., Trinity. That portion of the Library which is accessible to the public is just over the Divinity School and the Picture Gal- lery. The entrance is in the south-west corner of the quad. It is open from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. in April, May, June, and July; from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. in February, March, August, September, 21 BOA— BCD' and October; from 9 a.m. to 3 p.m. in January, November, and December. It is closed entirely on certain feasts and fasts, during Easter week, and on the first seven days of October. Gradu- ates, and other persons who have been admitted after a suitable recommenda- tion, have the privilege of reading here. If the sight-seeing visitor be not accom- panied by a member of the University in academic dress an admission fee of 3^ ; S. J. Buchanan (New), K— total 5>^. Cambridge. -J. D. Roberts (Sidney), I ; H. G. Gwinner (Trinity), o ; H. W. Sherrard (Non-Collegiate), i^ ; F. M. Young (Trinity), I ; J. T. Gibson (Clare), o; R. C. Allen (Pembroke), ij^ ; C. E. Chepmell (Trinity), i>^— total 6>^. The score of the matches since 1873, the year of their institution, shows that Cambridge has won nine (82 j^ games), and Oxford three (62^ games), that of 1883 having resulted in a draw. Chest (University).— The an- nual income of the University falls into two main heads, according as it is re- ceived from external or internal sources. Under the first head there is paid into the Chest annually, from rents and profits of estates about £12,000, from dividends on stocks upwards of ;!^2,ooo, and from the Oxford Market and Wine licenses a sum varying from ;^6oo to £800. From internal sources the University receives Matriculation fees to the amount of nearly ;^2,ooo, for Degree fees upwards of ^8,000, as University dues upwards of ;!f 10,000, and from fines and miscellaneous fees about ;^5oo per annum, besides pay- ments of from ^1,000 to ;^2,ooo from the University Press, the annual receipts thus amounting to from ^£37,000 to ;£"38,ooo. The expenditure from the Chest includes stipends to University officers about if 3, 500, to Professors about £5,000, Examiners nearly ;(f 4,000, Preachers about £200. On institutions and public buildings jif 9,000 or;!^io,ooo a year is expended, and upwards of ;^2,200 on the Oxford Joint Police and the University Police together. On estates about £4,000, miscellaneous nearly ;!^3,ooo, and extraordinary expenses varying in different years, according to the amount of building, purchases of estates, etc., undertaken by the University, to meet which sales of stock are occasionally made. The receipts above mentioned do not of course include the moneys received by the University from trust funds which 27 CHE— CHR have been instituted for special purposes by benefactors, and from which various Professorships and Scholarships are paid* {Seealso Common University Fund.) Chinese, Professor of. — In 1876 James Legge, LL.D., was created Professor of Chinese Language and Literature for his life, receiving £\0(y a year from the University Chest (the emoluments of a Fellowship of Christ Church College) and the annual interest of a sum of ^3,000 subscribed by pro- moters of the btudy of Chinese. He is^ required to reside for six months in the University between October 10 and July I in each academical year. He is to be ready to give instruction in Chinese Language and Literature ta members of the University, subject ta such regulations as the University may make from time to time respecting the number and time of lectures, the mode of teaching, and the examination of pupils. ChoragUS.— This officer, who is to ** attend in the School of Music to give instruction to students," receives- ;!^I3 6j-. %d. per annum from Dr. Heather's endowment. He also shares the fees paid by students with the Coryphaeus or Precentor. He plays the organ in St. Mary's, and instructs the choir employed there. The Choragus is Charles Hubert Hastings Parry,. D.Mus., Exeter. CHRIST CHURCH. Christ Church, the largest of all the Oxford Colleges, but known as **The House," was founded by Cardinal Wolsey in 1525, and was originally intended to be called Cardinal's College. On the fall of Wolsey the College was seized, and the foundation suspended by King Henry VII I.,, who re-established it in 1532. In 1546 the see of Oxford was removed from Osney, and the church of St. Frideswide, in connection with the College, became the Cathedral, and to the whole was given the name Christ Church. The principal entrance is in Aldate Street, under the gateway of the tower in which hangs the bell known as Great Tom. The tower was part of Wolsey's design, but was left unfinished by him, and was completed by Sir Christopher Wren in 1682. "Tom" originally came from Osney Abbey, and has been more than once re-cast. He is CHR-CHR 28 one of the largest bells in England, and weighs 17,000 lbs. Every night at closing time, five minutes past nine, Tom tolls loi times, that having been the original number of the students. The great quadrangle is generally known as Tom Quad, and is of imposing dimensions, although the effect is a little bare. Should the contemplated cloisters (part of the original design) ever be built, the effect of the quad will be greatly enhanced. In the north-east <:orner are the Dean's apartments, and, in the south-east, a gateway, under a statue of Wolsey, in the tower leads to a staircase with a beautiful fan roof springing from a single pillar — a noticeable archi- tectural triumph, even in a city so rich in such matters as Oxford. This staircase leads to the Hall, the finest refectory in Oxford, and perhaps in the world. It has a grandly-carved oak roof, with pendants, etc., and at the upper end two splendid bay windows, somewhat similar in character to those at Hampton Court Palace. The walls are adorned with a number of interesting portraits by Holbein, Zucchero, Lely, Law- rence, Janssen, Hoppner, Van Dyck, Kneller, Hogarth, Reynolds, Gains- borough, and other masters. All the pictures bear labels with the names of the originals and of the painters. The Hall was used on the occasions of several royal visits for theatrical performances, and in it King Charles I. held a parliament. At the bottom of the Hall stairs is the great kitchen, which is said to be the oldest part of the building. Nearly opposite the principal entrance to Tom Quad is the entrance to the Cathedral, which is also the Chapel of the College. It was founded on the remains of the church of the Convent of St. Frideswide, a more or less mythical heroine of the middle of the eighth century. It was conse- crated in 1 180. The tower contained ten bells from Osney Abbey, which, in consequence of some doubts as to the safety of the Cathedral spire, now hang in the tower over the Hall. It is said by Warton that Dr. Johnson was moved to very Johnsonian wrath on viewing some of the Osney remains which had been moved to Christ Church. The verger will be found in the Cathedral from 11 to i and from 2.30 to 4.30, except on Sunday, and at other times at Meadow Gate. No fees are permitted. The Cathedral consists of choir, nave, aisles, and transepts, and is gene- rally Norman in character. The roof of the choir, with its elaborate fan tracery and groining, which is particularly noticeable ; the oak pulpit ; the carved wood and iron-work in the choir, and its inlaid pavements ; together with its new bishop's throne of carved walnut with a medallion portrait of the late Bishop Wilberforce ; are all well worth careful inspec- tion. There are a few brasses in the Church, one in the north-west dated 1602, one in the south-east with the date 1587. North of the choir are two aisles, the first the Lady or Latin Chapel, and the second the Dean's or St. Frideswide's Chapel. The Latin Chapel was built 1346 by Lady Montacute, the donor to the College of Christ Church Meadows. Her tomb is between the two chapels to the eastward. On it reposes a full- length figure of the lady, the costume, especially the head-dress, being very interesting. In niches around the tomb are figures of her children. I^ext to Lady Montacute, and to the westward, is the tomb of Prior 29 CHR— CHR Guymand, said to be of the middle of the twelfth century, with effigy of the prior under a highly ornamented canopy. Further still to the west- ward is the tomb of Sir George Nowers, who died in 1425. The figure of Sir George is clothed in armour. At the foot of this tomb is the tablet to the memory of Burton, the author of the '' Anatomy of Melancholy." The inscription, written by himself, says : Paucis notus, paucioribus ignotus Hie jacet Democritus junior Cvi vitam dedit et mortem Melancholia Obiit VIII ID JAN AC MDCXXXIX. To the extreme east, beyond the tomb of Lady Montacute, is what is called the shrine of St. Frideswide. It dates from 1480, and is a richly ornamented wooden structure, raised upon a tomb. It is supposed to have been in fact the chamber of the keeper of the shrine, which was at one time in high repute with the gift-bearing faithful. In St. Frideswide's Chapel will be found some good carved oak-work and some old stained- glass windows. In the south aisle is a curious mural monument in memory of Sir W. Brouncker and wife, 1 645-1 649. They are represented sitting with their elbows leaning on a table, on which stands a skull, the prolonged contemplation of which, no doubt, has produced the dejected appearance for which the faces of the figures are remarkable. In the south transept is a window made up of fragments of old stained glass. In the centre of it is a representation of the murder of A'Becket ; the hole which will be observed in the glass is where the head of the martyr was punched out by an unappreciative Cromwellite. In the north-west is a remarkable window, signed Abraham Linge, dated 163-, the last figure undecipherable. There is a vast number of slabs and mural tablets, amongst which may be mentioned those of Dean Aldrich and Bishop Tanner. In the north corner of Tom Quad are a gateway and passage leading to Peckwater Quad, so called from its having been built on the site of the inn kept by a certain Peckweather, once Mayor of Oxford. It was re- built from designs by Dean Aldrich, except as regards the Library side, in 1795- The Library is on the south side. The entrance hall contains a fine statue of Dean Cyril Jackson, by Chantrey, and several busts of Christ Church worthies and others. The lower storey is used as a picture gallery, and contains a collection of unequal merit. The pictures, all of which are labelled with subject and name of painter, contain examples of Tintoretto, Holbein, Titian, Paolo Veronese, Botticelli, Parmegiano, Van Eyck, Velasquez, Carlo Maratti, Spagnoletto, and others. Ihere is a sketch for a fan-mount by Guido, and a singular picture of a butcher's shop by A. Caracci, the butcher and his assistants being caricatures of the artist and of some members of his family against whom he had a grudge. The visitor, descending the stairs to the Library, is faced by a marble bust of Proserpina, by Hiram Power, and in a niche on the right CHR— CHR 30 is a full-length statue of John Locke, by Rysbrach. From the window on the landing is a splendid view of the Cathedral. The Library is a fine room, with curious plaster decorations on the walls and ceiling ; the woodwork is of Norwegian oak. The Library contains many treasures, including a letter from Charles IL, signed Sunderland, expelhng John Locke from his studentship at Christ Church for misdemeanour ; and an illuminated lectionary for the use of Wolsey, said to be the last in this style executed in England. On the right, leaving the Library, is Canter- bury Quad, in which noble Undergraduates are usually quartered, and where a large gateway in the Classic style leads to Oriel, Corpus, and Merton. The new buildings of Christ Church are in the south, facing the meadows and the river. The distinguished members of the " House" have been very numerous, and representative of many diverse walks in life, as the names of the Duke of Wellington ; Sir Robert Peel ; Sir Phihp Sydney ; John Locke , William Penn ; John and Charles Wesley ; Otway, author of " Venice Preserved ;" Ben Jonson ; Dr. South ; and John Ruskin ; will attest. John Henry Onions, M.A. Rev. Robert Lawrence Ottley, M.A. Viszfo7'. The Queen. Dean. Henry George Liddell, D.D., appointed in 1855. Siib-Dean. Charles Abel Heurtley, D.D. Canons. Charles Abel Heurtley, D.D. William Bright, D.D. Edward King, D.D. Ven. Edwin Palmer, D.D. William Ince, D.D. Samuel Rolles Driver, D.D. Treasurer. Rev. Robert Godfrey Faussett, M.A. Librarian. Rev. Thomas Vere Bayne, M.A. Lees Reader in Chemistry and Tutor. Augustus G. Vernon Harcourt, M.A. Lxes Reader in Anatomy and Tutor. John Barclay Thompson, M.A., B.Mus. Censor and Mathematical Tutor. Rev. Edward Frank Sampson, M.A. Theological Tutor. Rev. Henry Scott Holland, M.A. Censor a?id Lee's Reader in Physics. Robert Edward Baynes, M.A. Tutors. Richard Shute, M.A. Rev. William Warner, M.A. John Alexander Stewart, M.A. Assistant Tutor. WiNFRiD Oldfield Burrows, B.A. Lecturers. Sidney James Owen, M.A. Frederick York Powell, M.A. Lecturers not on the Foundation. James Walker, M.A. [Mathematical). Thomas Banks Strong, B.A. Students. Rev. Thomas Chamberlain, M.A. Rev. Henry Anthony Jeffreys, M.A. Rev. George Andrew Ward, M.A. Rev. Thomas Jones Prout, M.A. Rev. Robert Godfrey Faussett, M.A. Rev. Richard Meux Benson, M.A. Henry Parry Liddon, D.D. Rev. David Edwards, M.A. Rev. Thomas Vere Bayne, M.A. Students under the Ordinance of iZ^'j and the Statutes ^1882. Rev. Thomas Jones Prout, M.A, Rev. Thomas Vere Bayne, M.A. Rev. Chas. Lutwidge Dodgson, M.A, Augustus G. Vernon Harcourt, M.A. Rev. Charles Holland Hoole, M.A. John Emilius Lancelot Shadwell, M.A. John Barclay Thompson, M.A.„ B.Mus. Arthur Cornwallis Madan, M.A. Rev. Edward Frank Sampson, M.A. Rev. Henry Scott Holland, M.A. Richard Shute, M.A. Robert Edward Baynes, M.A. Rev. William Warner, M.A. Rev. William Henry Payne Smith, M.A. John Alexander Stewart, M.A. John Henry Onions, M.A. Rev. Robert Lawrence Ottley, M.A. Arthur Herbert Dyke Acland, M.A. F. York- Powell, M.A. Arthur Hassall, M.A. Rev. Henry Bernard Hodgson, M.A. Sidney James Owen, M.A. WiNFRID Oldfield Burrows, B.A. Richard Edmund Mitcheson, B.A. Honorary Students. Right Hon. W. E. Gladstone, M.A. John Ruskin, M.A. Rev. Sir F. A. G. Ouseley, Bart., M.A., D.Mus. Sir Henry Wentworth Acland, K.C.B., D.M. Lord Carlingford, M.A. Earl of Selborne, M.A. Charles Brodrick Scott, D.D., Cambridge. Right Hon. Sir J. R. Mowbray, Bart. , M.A. Right Rev. William Stubbs, D.D. Samuel Rawson Gardiner, M.A. Steward. Arthur Herbert Dyke Acland, M.A, ADMISSION. The Examination takes place twice a year, on the Thursday and Friday following the loth of October, and in the third week before Commemoration. The subjects are Greek and Latin, the candidate being left very much to his own choice of authors ; Latin prose com- position ; Latin and Greek Grammar ; Arithmetic ; and the first two books of Euclid, or Algebra to Simple Equations, the former being preferred. The entrance fee, except for College Exhi- bitioners who are exempt from it, is ^5. Scholars and Exhibitioners pay £\2 los. Caution money, returnable on removal of the name from the College books, and commoners £2^^ half re- turnable on taking the B.A. degree, and the balance when the name is taken off the books. I CHR— CHR SCHOLARSHIPS, EXHIBITIONS, ETC. Three scholars are elected each year from Westminster School. The Scholar- ships are of the annual value of £80 each, and are tenable for two years, which term may be extended for three years more. Five Open Scholarships are awarded every year, one at least for proficiency in Mathematics, and one at least in Natural Science. The annual value of these is £Zo each, and the period of tenure two years, which may be extended for a further term of two years, and for yet another of one year. Two Scholarships of the annual value of ;^8o each are awarded each year among Undergraduate members of the House who have been in residence for at least three terms. These are tenable until the end of the sixteenth term after matriculation, a period which, under certain circumstances, may be extended for another year. The Governing Body may award to any selected candidate for the Indian Civil Service a Scholar- ship of the value of £^0 a year, such Scholarships never to exceed six at one time. There are also Open Exhibitions of 3^45 a year each, in addition to tuition and dinner free, which may be competed for by candidates who can satisfy the Dean that they cannot maintain themselves at College without assistance. These are tenable for two years, a term which can be extended as in the case of the Open Scholarships. The four Fell Exhibitions, tenable for four years of continuous residence, and of the value of £\o a year each, are open to competition among commoners of the House who have resided not less than three terms. The Slade Exhibi- tion of £2P for one year, is open to any one not yet matriculated. The three Holford Exhibitions are worth £6q a year each, tenable for five years, and are offered preferentially to candidates from Charterhouse School. There are also eighteen Careswell Exhibitions open, to candidates from Shrewsbury and certain other schools in Salop. CHR-CHU 32 FELLOWSHIPS. Under the Statutes of 1882, there is at Christ Church a body of students, equi- valent to Fellows, who are divided into . two classes. The non-official students are elected after Examination, of which at least thirty days' notice must be given by the Dean. They are tenable for seven years and are worth £200 a year. The official students are chosen from the non-official list, and hold their positions for fifteen years, renewable under certain conditions for successive periods of not more than ten years. The yearly stipend of an official student is ;^200, £100 out of the Corporate Revenue, and a con- tribution from the Tuition Fund. Under certain circumstances an official student who has held his Studentship for seven years may marry without vacating his Studentship, and if he marry prior to the expiration of the seven years, and so va- cate his Studentship, he maybe re-elected . EXPENSES. An annual tuition fee of £2\ is pay- able by every resident member until the end of the sixteenth term from matricu- lation so long as he is reading for a University Examination. The College charges amount annually to £\<^iox resi- dents in College, and £^ for residents out of College. The rent of rooms varies from about;^ i o to £20^ annually. Degree fees, B.A. and M.A., are £3 3^. each. COLOURS. The uniform is a blue coat with a cardinal's hat on the breast, the same upon a blue hat-ribbon, or in the case of the Eight, a blue and white hat-ribbon, and white jersey striped with blue. Clmrclies. — It is natural that in a city so intimately connected with our ecclesiastical history as is Oxford, the number of its churches should be considerable, and that some of them at least should be of more than passing interest. Of these the most important is the Cathedral {see Christ Church). The various College Chapels will also be found described in their proper places, and, of the churches in the city, the following will be found in- teresting to sightseers : St. Mary the Virgin, the Uni- versity church in the High Street, isy with curious twisted pillars, elaborately- decorated fa9ade, and beautiful spire,, one of the most prominent buildings in the city. It was built under the super- intendence of Adam de Brome, almoner to Eleanor of Castile, whose tomb is in the north chantry. On the south wall, under the tower, is a brass, apparently to Edmund Croft on, 1507, and over the door are some very curious carvings. The chancel and nave are separated by an organ-screen and loft. The Lenten University Sermon and Bampton Lectures are delivered here. In the south part of the nave is a brass inscription to William Tillyard, 1587, Peter Pory, 1 6 10, and Elizabeth their wife, 1 62 1. The stained glass on the south side of the nave is exceedingly good. By the reading-desk in the chancel, covered by a mat, is a marble slab let into the pavement, bearing the following inscription : ** In a vault of brick, at the upper end of this quire, was buried Amy Robsart, wife of Lord Robert Dudley, K.G., on Sunday, 22nd September, a.d. 1560." St. Aldate's is dedicated to a British Saint, who lived about 450, and is supposed to have been originally founded by the Britons. Speed says it was founded or restored about 1004. It subsequently belonged to the Priory of St. Frideswide, and to the Abbey of Abingdon. The present building is of various dates and styles. The oldest remains — an arcade of five small circular-headed arches, apparentl)* of Norman work — were removed at the enlargement in 1862 from the chancel to the east end of the north chancel aisle. A recess in the north wall of the chancel, with a flat pointed arch of later date, probably once used as an Easter sepulchre, now contains a good alabaster altar tomb to the memory of John Noble, Principal of Broadgates Hall (the origi- nal of Pembroke College), who died 1522. The north aisle, originally called St. Saviour's Chapel, was built in 1455 ^y Philip Pol ton, Archdeacon of Gloucester. The south aisle was built early in the reign of Edward III. by Sir John de Docklington, several times Mayor of Oxford, and in its original state must have been a fine specimen of decorated work. The old tower and spire were of about the same date, but being in a dangerous state were taken down and rebuilt 1873-74. A number of brasses are in the church, but, as is unfortunately the case in too many of the Oxford churches, the interior is so dark as to preclude the possibility of deciphering the inscriptions. The church possesses a fine old carved font, sup- ported at the foot by carved monsters. Hearne states that it was the custom for the people of this parish to eat sugar sops out of the font on Holy Thursday. St. Mary MAGDALEN,bet ween Balliol and Cornmarket Street, is a very ancient church, the original edifice dating from before the Conquest, but has been re- built, repaired, and restored from time to time down to 1875, when the tower arch was opened up. It has a Perpen- dicular battlemented tower, partly built from materials taken from Osney Abbey, on the Cornmarket side of which will be observed in a niche a small cunningly- wrought stone effigy of St. Mary. The north, or martyr's aisle, was added by Sir Gilbert Scott in 1841. Here is the old oak door, surmounted by carvings of Ridley, Latimer, and Cranmer, which formerly stood in the old city gaol, the Bocardo, at the entrance to the cell in which the martyrs were confined. On the wall facing the old font are one or two old brasses : one to Jane Fitzherbert, 1574; another, with a kneeling figure, to General Smithers, 1580. Against the west wall of the south aisle is a slab (1735) to the memory of Francis Seely, late of the University of Oxford, Barber and Periwig Maker, *' who, in the rela- tion of a husband, a father, or a friend, was equalled by few, excelled by none." A slab in the vestry records in peculiar language the virtues of Mrs. Elizabeth Bay lie, "niece to yt glorious Martyr 3 CHU-CIV and Asserter of the Church of England, Dr. William Lavd, Arch-Bpp. of Cant." Under the west window by the organ is a finely-carved old oak-chest, called The Jewel Chest, formerly used as a recep- tacle for the old Catholic communion plate. St. Michael, in Cornmarket Street, was restored by Mr. Street in 1855, and has a coloured marble altar-piece, his gift. In the lady- chapel on the north is an elaborately-painted brass with kneel- ing figures of Alderman Randolphus Flexney, and Catarina his wife, who died respectively in 1578 and 1567 ; close to which will be found an extra- ordinary stone carving of a man, a woman, and a skeleton. Here also is a brass, ^'Joannis Pendarve?," 161 7, and a stone with an incised portrait, dated 1603, of Walter Dotyn. St. Peter's-in-the-East, by St. Edmund Hall, the back of which runs along the churchyard, is a very ancient church, dating probably from the twelfth century. The crypt, sometimes called Grymbald's, with its rows of squat co- lumns, is probably the oldest part of the building. A door is here pointed out, in connection with which is a Fair Rosa- mond legend . The south door, which is a unique specimen of Norman work, and the groined roof of the chancel with its appropriate chain ornaments, should be noted. The Petworth marble tomb to the memory of Sir R. Atkinson, 1574, four times Mayor of Oxford, is in the choir-room ; but, as it is covered with a deal bookcase, it is quite impossible to say more of it. On the right of the en- trance to the crypt is a small but fine window. Civil Service of India.— Persons admitted at the Entrance Ex- amination for the Civil Service of India, being bound to spend the two years succeeding their admission at some recognised place of study, not un- frequently become members of the University of Oxford, entering their names at some College (Balliol being C CIV— CLU 34 that most usually selected). No Uni- versity Examinations are necessarily passed, but it is usual for those attached to Colleges to go in for Moderations, after passing which, if the College certifies that the student is likely to take high Honours in a Final School, an extra year's residence may be per- mitted by the India Office to enable him to take his degree. The lectures of the Readers in Indian Law and History, and of the Sanskrit Pro- fessor and teachers in Eastern languages, have to be attended, and Oriental languages may be offered instead of Latin and Greek for Moderations. Special Junior Studentships have been offered at Christ Church to Indian civilian students. Clarendon Bnilding, in Broad Street, behind the Bodleian, was origi- nally built for the printing-office of the University in 1 713, from the profits of the sale of Lord Clarendon's *' History of the Rebellion." It is at present used for various offices by the governing body of the University. The present printing-office stands to the northward of Worcester College. Clarendon Laboratory, for the study of Physics, is attached to the University Museum, and contains, be- sides the requisite laboratories, a Lecture Theatre, etc. The instruction given in the Clarendon Laboratory is divided into {a) the Lecture Course, which is general and more or less ele- mentary in its nature, and consists of two lectures weekly during Michaelmas and Hilary Terms, an entrance fee of £1 being required ; and {d) the Labora- tory Course for more advanced students, and for those going in for Honours in Physics in the School of Natural Science, the fee for students working three days a week being ^3 per term. ^ Clubs.— Oxford Clubs may be di- vided into University Clubs and College Clubs, and these again into public and private, according to the conditions of their constitution. The larger University Clubs, existing only for the encourage- ment of various forms of exercise, such as the Boat Club, the Athletic Club, the Cricket and Football Clubs, and the Gymnasium, are open uncondition- ally to all members of the University on payment of the usual subscription. In the less general, such as the Racquet, Tennis, Lawn Tennis, and Bicycle Clubs, there is the slight formality preliminary to admission of being nomi- nated by some member of the body and proposed for election in committee. The same is the case with social or semi-social Clubs, such as the Union or the Chess Club or the Musical Club, which are practically open to all who have matriculated, on introduction by friends who are already members. Can- didates may of course be excluded by a ballot of the whole Club. In the several Colleges the public Clubs are usually the Boating, Cricket, Football (Rugby Union or Association, or both), and Lawn Tennis Clubs. Although these still continue in some Colleges to be separate institutions, membership of which is optional, the practice has of late years become general of amal- gamating them under one corporate management, with special sub-com- mittees to act as an executive in the respective branches, one subscription sufficing for the whole. This subscription will range from £1 to £2 per term, and is in some instances collected by a charge in the College Battels. The more private Clubs open to members of the University are such as Vincent's, the numbers of which are limited to a hundred, and which, though originally composed of Brasenose and University men only, is at present practically open to members of all Colleges, provided they are rendered eligible by some supposed social or athletic excellences. The " BulHngdon " is another Club, formerly somewhat renowned in Oxford by its cricket, but now chiefly social. The sky-blue and white stripes which are its distinctive colours are still con- spicuous in the summer term, but in cricketing reputation its place has been taken by the Oxford Harlequins (blue, brown, and red), composed chiefly of men who have represented their Uni- versity at the wickets. The Polo Club is another institution necessarily limited to men of more than the usual Under- graduate income, and without scruples as to spending money on their enjoy- ments. The most noteworthy of the Uni- versity Political Clubs are the Canning and Chatham, Conservative, and the Palmerston and Russell, of the opposite persuasion. These have weekly meet- ings for the reading and discussion of papers on social or political subjects, and the Palmerston gives an annual dinner, at which many distinguished Liberals are usually present to speak to the regulation toasts. There is a University ''Browning Society." Of College social or convivial Clubs, which vary much in size and constitution, the most celebrated is the Phoenix, of Brasenose, which dines at a separate table in Hall weekly during the October and Lent Terms. The numbers are strictly limited. The Octagon Club in the same College is of a somewhat similar nature. In other Colleges there are either **Wine Clubs," as at Queen's, Worcester, and St. John's, or institu- tions having the same object — the promotion of good-fellowship — under special names, as the Adelphi and Falconian at Exeter, the Loders and Rousers at Christ Church, the Myr- midons and Elysians at Merton, the Vampires at B.N.C., and the Pande- monium at Trinity. At other Colleges the Junior Common Room may fill the place of a Wine Club. In most Colleges there are Debating Societies — one or more, according to the size of the establishment, admission to which is by the usual form of pro- posal by a member, subject to a ballot of the Club. Literary or Dialectical Societies are common institutions, the procedure at meetings differing from 35 CLU— COL that of the Debating Societies in that the basis of discussion is usually in the form of a paper or essay prepared by one member, upon some subject of social or literary interest which some other members of the society are ex- pected to be prepared to throw further light on. Of a kindred nature are the Shakespeare and other similar Societies which periodically spring up and flourish for longer or shorter periods among the Undergraduates. Coaclies. — The customaiy payment to a Coach, or Private Tutor, for one term's reading is ;^io, or for half a term, ^5. This covers three hours' private tuition per week for the term of eight weeks. {See Reading.) Cobden Prize.— This prize, of the value of £60, is awarded once every three years, after examination in Political Economy. Members of the University who have not exceeded twenty-eight terms from matriculation are entitled to compete. The next award will be in 1886, and the subject chosen is the following : " Political Economy and Socialism : What is the Teaching of Political Economy as to the Effects of Private Property and Free Exchange on the one hand, and of State Property and Regulated Contracts on the other hand, on the Production and Distribu- tion of Wealth ? " Essays must be sent in by May i. Collections. — The terminal for- mality of "Collections" is a ceremony which retains of what it once was the name alone, its original intent having entirely vanished, and been replaced by a new procedure. The name is a reminiscence of the time when those who took in hand to lecture to or other- wise instruct students in College, were bound by the rules of the University to collect their fees in person at the end of each term (M.As. of noble or royal family were exempt from this regu- lation). Hence the gathering in Hall C2 COL— COM 36 of the students before being permitted to go down at the close of each term. It is not fees that are now *' collected," but the Undergraduate himself, and not the body of him alone but his scraps of knowledge and shreds of character. Until recently the proceedings con- sisted in most Colleges of a half- hearted Examination lasting for one day, about which nobody troubled himself very much, and an interview with the College authorities at High Table assembled. Conduct was in- quired into by the Head, and reported formally upon by the Dean, and the victim was then released with a con- gratulation or a caution as the case might be. In some Colleges leave to go down is to be then formally prayed for in Latin. Of late years, following the example of Balliol, the languid Examination above referred to has been developed into an instrument of prac- tical utility in testing the progress and directing the course of reading of the Undergraduates, who are required, ac- cording to their length of residence, to present themselves for examination in certain portions of the work they have to get through for their particular school. In some Colleges, prizes are given for excellence evidenced in these periodical Examinations. Where they have been so extended they are usually not held every term. Colleges. — The following is a list of the Oxford Colleges in the generally accepted order of their Foundation. Full particulars of each College will be found under the distinctive headings. University, Merton, Balliol, Ex- eter, Oriel, Queen's, Nev^, Lin- coln, All Souls', Magdalen, Brasenose, Corpus Christi, Christ Church, Trinity, St. John's, Jesus, Wadham, Pembroke, Worcester, Keble, Hertford. Commemoration, or the Encae- nia, is perhaps the feature of Oxford life by which it is best known to strangers. The period of festivity now understood by the name has grown up round the ceremonial in the Theatre which has taken the place of the old Act or Incep- tion, at which the newly-admitted Graduates were required publicly to read and to dispute in their several Faculties. The solemnities begin, usually, on the Sunday opening the eighth week of the full summer term, with the influx of visitors, whose bright pre- sence in the city, and traditional promenade among residents and mem- bers of the University, in the Broad Walk, on the evening of that day, have earned it the name of Show Sunday. The promenade in question is losing its prestige, and showing signs of the de- cadence and vulgarisation which seem to be the inevitable fate of such institu- tions. On the Monday the high revels begin. In the afternoon of this and the two following days there will be a varied choice of entertainments. There is the river, with the supplementary attrac- tions of Bagley Wood and Nuneham. There are the annual institutions of the Flower Show of the Oxford Horti- cultural Society, and the Masonic Fete, held in the gardens of Worcester, Wad- ham, or St. John's. There are concerts in the Theatre by the Philharmonic or Choral Societies, and, failing attendance at these, there are usually private parties in abundance for those who have friends among residents or Heads of Houses. In the evening of Monday, at 7 p.m., takes place the annual Procession of Boats, in which the head boat of the river takes its place opposite the Uni- versity Barge, and is saluted by and salutes, by tossing of oars, the other boats, as they row past it with flags in their bows and their crews girt with enormous scarves of their College colours. The performance is not considered complete without the upsetting of one or more of the lower boats, organised ad hoc. In the evenings of Monday, Tuesday, and Thursday usually take place the Christ Church, Masonic, and Uni- versity Balls respectively, generally held in the Corn Exchange, of which the second is the most popular. On Wednesday occurs the great central ceremony of Commemoration of founders and benefactors. The humours of the scene are more or less familiar to all. The gates of the Theatre are opened at 11.30, the Undergraduates throng the upper gallery, for which a certain number of gentlemen's and ladies' tickets are issued to the autho- rities of each College for distribution among applicants. The lower gallery is filled by the holders of square tickets (Undergraduates being put off with a triangular one) issued to Gradu- ates only. The "pit" is filled with B.As. ani M. As, , who are condemned to stand throughout the performance. During the hour intervening between admission and the commencement of the proceedings, musical selections are played by the organist, and the Under- graduate world lets loose its satire upon the Proctors, the seniors herded in the pit, and the Doctors told off to hand the ladies to their seats, and shows its gal- lant appreciation of the charms of the lady visitors. At the end of this period the Vice-Chancellor enters in solemn procession, accompanied by the Heads of Houses, and takes his seat upon the central throne. Then the personages whom the University upon this occasion delights to honour with a D.C. L. degree, are ushered in, and one by one pre- sented by the Public Orator, each with a short appropriate speech, to the Vice- Chancellor, who projDoses to the Con- vocation that the degree shall be granted them in a formula which it is the peren- nial delight of the gallery to catch up and repeat with him, and on the pro- posal being carried nem. con., the per- sonage is admitted ad gradtwi Doctoris in Jure Civili, honoris causd, and set on the right hand or the left of the Vice-Chancellor. The subsequent pro- ceedings consist of the delivery of the Creweian Oration by the Professor of 37 GOV!— COM Poetry or the Public Orator, in turns year by year, and the recitation of por- tions of the University Prize Compo- sitions, of which the Newdigate English Verse is the most interesting. All who ascend the rostrum become the butts of kindly satire of a stereotyped kind. At the close of the last recitation the Vice - Chancellor dissolves the Con- vocation, and the variegated crowd streams out into the sunshine of the Broad and through the archways and quadrangles of the Old Schools build- ings. The afternoon is spent either in leave-takings of Oxford or in further attendance at gatherings in College gardens ; but the great event of Com- memoration is over. Common Room.. — The Senior Common Room is an institution of every College ; the Junior Common Room of but a few. The first is the common room of the Fellows and Tutors of the College. Here they meet before Hall, and take wine and dessert with their guests after dinner ; here they hold meetings to discuss questions of College economy and discipline ; and here will the ordeal be undergone by offending Under- graduates of being * * called before the College." It is a Club-room and a Court of Star Chamber, and its periodi- cal literature ranges from Punch to the Porters' Lists. The Junior Common Room, in those Colleges where it exists, is a club-room for Undergraduates. Here their College meetings will be held ; here in some cases they may breakfast, and lunch, and drink wine after dinner. In other Colleges the room is more strictly a reading-room, with a grocery and wine- dealing establishment attached, from which such articles as are given in the tariff below may be obtained. Sub- scription to a Junior Common Room is a voluntary affair. The institution is usually under the management of a Committee of Undergraduates elected by the members. COM-COM 38 Below is a table typical of the prices charged at a Junior College Room or College Store : s. d. s. d. Tea, per pot o 3 too 9 Coffee, ,, o 2^ o 9 Milk o o^ o I Cream 02 03 Chocolate 06 10 Muffins, Crumpets ...02 — Tea Cakes 03 — Toast 03 04 Anchovy Toast, per round 04 05 Eggs o i4 o 2 Common articles of grocery, such as tea, coffee, sugar, candles, soap, sar- dines, potted meats, pickles, lamp oil, matches, biscuits, jams, marmalade, effervescing waters, fruits, etc. , may be obtained at something like the ordinary shop prices. Cigars and wine will in some cases be supplied, and cups and mulls sent into rooms at a reasonable cost. Common University Fund.-— This Fund was created under a Statute of the University of Oxford Commis- sioners of 1877, passed in 1881, and the moneys accumulated on its behalf are to be devoted to the payment of stipends to Readers and Extraordinary Professors or Lecturers within the University, and to other purposes specified in the Statute and in the Uni- versities Act of 1877. The Fund is to be under the administration of a Dele- gacy, consisting of the Vice-Chancellor and some fifteen other persons. All moneys received by the Curators of the University Chest from Colleges in the University as contributions for Uni- versity purposes, and not appropriated by any special Statute made by the Commissioners, are to be carried to the credit of this Common Fund, together with any other sums which by any Uni- versity or College Statute, or by decree of Convocation, are or shall be directed to be paid thereto. If, in the year 1884 or any subsequent year, the total amount paid from the above-mentioned sources shall be less than ;^3,ooo, the deficiency is to be made up out of the University Chest ; and so soon as the revenues of the University shall in the judgment of Convocation be sufficient, the total amount to be annually carried to the credit of the Fund shall be raised to a sum not less than ;^5,ooo. The purpose to which payments may be made from this Fund include the '* en- dowment of research," the provision of retiring pensions for Professors and Lecturers, the fitting out of libraries, laboratories, collections, etc., and the founding of University Scholarships, and the provision of tuition for un- attached students. Commons. — The normal portion or quantity of any kind of food supplied from a College kitchen or buttery is known as a " commons." From the buttery are supplied, in most Colleges, bread, butter, cheese, milk, all kinds of liquids, sugar, lemons, etc. From the kitchen, meats of all kinds, soups, fish, sweets, preserves, etc. The prices of food vary slightly in the different Colleges, according to the method adopted for defraying the expenses of the kitchen and buttery establishments. In some the tariff is adjusted with a view to covering these by the payments for food consumed, in others the market rate, approxi- mately, is charged, and either a special payment required terminally from each Undergraduate towards these establishments, or a percentage added to the amount of the kitchen and buttery account in the battels. The kitchen and buttery will usually supply commons to residents in lodg- ings ; they must, of course, in this case be sent for to College. Subjoined is a list of the commons generally provided, with the limits of their prices : Kitchen. ^^ ^^ ^ ^^ Soles (filleted) '— 08 Mackerel o 6 to o 10 Codfish o 8 ,, I o Herrings o 4 ,, o 6 Bloater o 2 ,, o 6 Whiting o 9 ,, I o Kitchen {con tim 'ied). s. d! s. d. Haddock o 6 to o 9 Kippered Herrings ... o 2i,. o 6 Steak o 9 M I 3 Chop ... o 7 n o 8 Cutlets o 4 .1 o 9 Sausages o 4 M o 8 Kidneys and Bacon ... o 7 M I o Omelette o 6 „ I o Buttered Eggs o 9 M I o Ham and Eggs o 9 .» I o Poached Eggs o 6 _ _ Half Fowl I 6 ,, 2 o Cold Meats, Pies, Col- lared Head, etc. : Half Commons o 6 „ O 8 Whole Commons ... o lO ,, I o Soups (various) o 6 „ b 9 Pigeon Pie (commons) I o ,, I 6 Pastry o 4 M o 6 Pudding o 4 »» o 6 Cold Game (according to market prices). Watercress, Celery , etc. o 2 ,, o 3 Buttery. Bread, per commons... o I .. o i^ Butter... o I M o il Cheese— Cheddar ... o T M o iJ Stilton o I .f o 2 Milk o oi ,. o I Ale — Common per pint o 2 ,, o 3 College ... o 3 .. o 4 Strong ... o 4 _ Stout o 4 _ _ Burton Ale ... ,, o 4 - - I COM— COR Congregation. — [See Govern- ing Body. ) In addition to the modern Congregation, the duties of which in regard to the government of the Uni- versity are set forth in 17 and 18 Vic, cap. 81, there is the Congregation of Regents {see Regent), the Ancient House of Congregation, for the granting of degrees, and ratifying the nomina- tions of Examiners. The members of this House are Doctors of Faculties, Masters of Arts, Heads of Colleges and Halls, Professors, Censors of Non- Collegiate Students, Masters of the Schools, Deans of Colleges, etc. Conington Prize, The, of the value of about ;^I20, is offered once in every three years for a dissertation either in English or in Latin, at the option of the competitor, on some subject belong- ing to classical learning. It is open to all members of the University who have passed the Examination for the degree of B.A., and have completed six, and not exceeded fifteen, years from matriculation. Convocation. — {See Governing Body.) - CORPUS CHRISTI COLLEGE. Corpus Christi College is at the back of Christ Church, at the comer of King Street. It was founded in 15 16 by Richard Fox, Bishop of Win- chester. The quadrangle, which is approached through a gateway with good vaulted roof, contains a curious cylindrical sun-dial with perpetual calendar, bearing on the summit the arms of the University, of Henry VIL, of the founder, and of his friend, Bishop Oldham. The pelican over the College gateway, and its companion owl, also commemorate the founder and his friend. A description of the sun-dial is in the Library, which contains also Fox's set of the Aldine Classics, and many other early-printed books and MSS. Here also is the University chest or cista, an iron chest only accessible by several keys, kept by the Vice- Chancellor, the Dean of Christ Church, the President of Corpus, and other heads of houses. The founder is commemorated by some fine plate and a crozier preserved in the College. The Hall is a fine room adorned with portraits, and in the Chapel is an altar-piece by Rubens. COR— COR 40 From the roll of members of Corpus Christi College may be selected the names of John Keble ; John Conington ; Cardinal Pole ; Bishop Jewell, of Salisbury ; and Hooker, author of " Ecclesiastical Polity." Visitor. The Bishop of Winchester. President. Rev. Thomas Fowler, M.A., elected 1881. Vice-President. William Little, M.A. Corpus Professor of Latin, Henry Nettleship, M.A. Divinity Lecturer, Rev. Charles Plummer, M.A. Tutors. Arthur Sidgwick, M.A. Thomas Case, M.A. Librarian. Thomas Case, M.A. Corpus Professor of Jurisprudence, Frederick Pollock, M.A. Professor of Chinese. Rev. James Legge, M.A. Chaplains. Rev. Charles Plummer, M.A. Charles Bigg, D.D. Bursar, Thomas Mosley Crowder, M.A. Lecturers not on the Foundation, Arthur El am Haigh, M.A., Hertford {Classical Lecturer), Rev. Arthur Henry Johnson, M.A., All Souls' [Lecturer in Modern History). Edwin Bailey Elliott, M.A., Queen's [Mathematical Lecturer), George Baird Burnham, B.C.L., M.A., University [Law Lecturer). Edward Charles Everard Owen, B. A. , New College { Classical Leeturer), Fellows. Rev. Charles Trimmer, M.A. Arthur Martin, M.A. John William Oddie, M.A, Robert Laing, M.A. Henry de Burgh Hollings, M.A., B.C.L. Edmund Robertson, M.A. William Little, M.A. Henry Nettleship, M.A. Rev. Charles Plummer, M.A. Rev. Frederick Arthur Clarke, M.A. Arthur Sidgwick, M.A. Thomas Case, M.A. Frederick Pollock, M.A. Honorary Fellows. John Ruskin, M.A. Ven. Edwin Palmer, D.D. Sir Henry James Sumner Maine, M.A. Shadworth Hollway Hodgson, M.A. Alfred William Hunt, M.A. ADMISSION. The Matriculation Exam'nation is held at the same time as the Scholar- ship Examination, early in June. The subjects are translation from English into Latin prose, translation from Greek or Latin into English, portions of two Greek authors and one Latin author, or two Latin authors and one Greek author, selected by the candidate from the books named in the Responsions Lists ; Arithmetic and the first and second books of Euclid, or Algebra to Simple Equations ; and an English Essay. Special arrangements are made for candidates desirous of reading for Honours in Mathematics, Natural Science and Modern History ; and candidates having taken Honours in the Oxford and Cambridge Schools Exami- nation, or in the Oxford Local Exami- nations, are exempt from certain portions, and in some cases from the whole, of the Matriculation Examination. The Caution money for commoners or exhibitioners is ;£'30, returnable on re- moval of the name from the College books. No Caution money is required from scholars. SCHOLARSHIPS, EXHIBITIONS, ETC. The Scholarships are about thirty in number, each of the annual value of ;zJ'8o, and tenable, under certain con- ditions, for four or five years from matriculation. Of these six are usually- awarded annually, four for Classics, one for Mathematics, and one for Natural Sciences. There are also certain Ex- hibitions to be competed for yearly by commoners of the College. FELLOWSHIPS. There are at present fourteen Fellow- ships, two of them professorial. The proceeds of one Fellowship are added to the stipend of the present Professor of Chinese. The income of a Tutor, in addition to his stipend as a Fellow, is £150 from the Corporate Revenue and a sum not exceeding ;!^45o from the Tuition Fund ; and that of an Assistant Tutor, a Fellowship, with an additional stipend. Under certain conditions Official Fellows are permitted to marry. EXPENSES. The tuition fee is £2.'] annually for three years, and the College establish- ment charges amount for residents in College tO;,^i3 lOi-., and for residents out of College to £'] \os. per annum. Room rent ixoT£i£\o to £16 per annum. Degree fees, M.A. £\^ B.A. ioj. COLOURS. Blue and crimson. The Eight and Torpid wear a cap with broad circular stripes of these colours, and zephyr jersey trimmed with the same. Costume, Academical.— Uni- versity costumes increase in beauty as they decrease in frequency. The Com- moner's gown is a hideous square frag- ment of bombazine with a flapping collar, two slits at the edges for arm- holes, and two loose strips representing what once were sleeves. The Scholar's gown is a vast improvement, its full circular sleeves and more ample skirts rendering it a really becoming costume, and a very serviceable protection on a rainy evening. The Bachelor's gown resembles it, save that the sleeves are longer and sharply pointed. The 41 COR— CRI Bachelor in full academical costume wears a black silk hood, edged with white rabbit-skin. A Master of Arts wears a gown with square-ended sleeves of a peculiar cut, and a black silk hood lined with crimson. The dress gown of a Doctor of Divinity is perhaps the most handsome of any, being of scarlet cloth, with round sleeves of black velvet, the hood black and scarlet also — a splendid sight at the University Sermon or at a Convocation in the Theatre. The Proctor's gown is of rigid black material, with full black velvet sleeves and facings of the same, and a large hood of ermine. The above are the costumes likely to be met with on ordinary occasions. The less frequent birds have more delicate plumage ; the Bachelor of Music a hood of lilac silk and white fur, the Bachelor of Civil Law light blue silk, the Bachelor oi Medicine dark blue silk with the same. The Doctor of Civil Law has sleeves of crimson, the Doctor of Medicine sleeves of roseate silk, while the Doctor of Music is all glorious within and without in white and crimson damask silk and broidered satin. What kind of gown the Chancellor wears, or should wear, tailors may tell. At the University he is but seldom seen, so that his magnifi- cence can hardly be claimed as academic. Academical dress has to be worn at all lectures and ceremonies of the Uni- versity, and by Undergraduates in the mornings and after dusk. Craven Scholarships, The.— Six in number, tenable for three years, and of the annual value of £80 a year each. Two scholars are elected every Trinity Term, after an Examination in Greek and Latin Scholarship, from candidates who have passed the Second Public Examination, and who have not exceeded the twenty-fourth term from matriculation. Cricket.— The University Cricket Ground, opened in the Parks in 1881, is now one of the finest in England, CRI— ORI 42 and University batting has shown a marked improvement since the Club migrated from its former swampy habitat at the Magdalen Ground on the Cowley Road. Nets for practice are set up to the west of the present ground, and professional bowlers are in attend- ance. A favourite practice ground for ''irregular" players is at the "White House," beyond Folly Bridge. The grounds of the College Cricket Clubs are situated, with a few exceptions, at Cowley Marsh — reached by the trams — or on the Cowley Road. Merton College has the field lying behind Wadham Gardens for its cricketing quarters. Christ Church occupies a fine ground be- tween the Iffley Road and the Cherwell, next to the Running Ground, which is used for those University matches (such as that against the Australians) at which gate-money is to be taken, public feel- ing having frustrated a project for en- closing the new ground in the Parks. Hertford rents the centre of the Running Ground, and Keble a ground to the north of the town. The following are the full scores of the match with the Australians in 1884, and of that with Cambridge in 1885 :— Oxford v. Australians, May 15 and 16, 1884. AUSTRALIANS. ist inn. 2nd inn. A. C. Bannerman, c Hine- c Nicholls, b Haycock, b Whitby . . 32 Bastard . . o P. S. M'Donnell, c Ni- st Kemp, b cholls, b Whitby . . 5 Nicholls . . 36 W. L. Murdoch, c Ni- cholls, b Whitby ,. II b Bastard .. o G. Giffen, c Nicholls, b c Cobb, b Page .. .. .-14 Bastard .. 9 G. J. Bonnor, c Ni- c Nicholls, b cholls, b Whitby . . 2 Page . . 11 J. M'C. Blackham, b c and b Bas- Whitby 20 tard_ .. 18 W. Midwinter, c Grant- c Brain, b Asher, b Whitby . . 20 Whitby , . 45 H. J. H. Scott, c Ni- c Kemp, b cholls, b Whitby . . 10 Whitby . . 21 G. E. Palmer, b Page . . 8 c O'Brien, b Page . . 7 H. F. Boyle, b Whitby.. 5 not out ..8 F. R. Spofforth, not out 6 c Key, b Bas- tai-d . . 3 Bii,lb4 .. .. 15 B9,lbi.. 10 Total .. 148 Total 168 OXFORD UNIVERSITY. T. R. Hine-Haycock, c Boyle, b Spofforth o M.C.Kemp, runout 13 A. R. Cobb, b Palmer o J. H. Brain, c Giffen, b Spofforth . . 8 T. C. O'Brien, b Boyle .. .. ..92 H. V. Page, b Palmer 33 A. G. Grant-Asher, run out . . . . 2 K. J. Key, b Scott 30 B. E. Nicholls, not out .. .. ..16 H. O. Whitby, c Bonnor,, b Boyle . . 10 E. W. Bastard, b Palmer o B3,lb2 5 Total 209 In the second innings T. R. Hine-Haycock scored (not out) 25, M. C. Kemp ('not out) 63, A. R. Cobb (c sub, b Boyle) 6, T. C. O'Brien (b Spofforth) 13, H. V. Page (c Palmer, b Boyle) I ; b 1, 1 b i — total no. Oxford thus winning by seven wickets. Oxford v. Cambridge, June 29, 30, and July I, 1885. OXFORD. ist inn. 2nd inn. J. H. Brain, c Rock, b Toppin . . . . . . I 1 b w, b Rock o E. H. Buckland, b Rock 16 b Smith . . o K. J. Key, b Toppin . . 5 c Hawke, b Toppin .. SI T. C. O'Brien, c Smith, b Rock 44 run out . . 28 H. V. Page (captain), b Smith 22 not out . . 78 L. D. Hildyard, b c Wright, b Toppin 13 Buxton .. 18 W. E.T. Bolitho, b Toppin 24 b Smith . . 30 A. E. Newton, 1 b w, b Toppin .. .. ••. ^ b Smith .. 11 A. H. J. Cochrane, bToppin i b Smith . . o H. O. Whitby, b Toppin i c Hawke, b Rock . . o E. W. Bastard, not out . . 4 b Smith .. 12 B2, lb2 .. .. 4 B 6, lbs ..II Total .. 136 Total 239 CAMBRIDGE. C. W. Wright, b Whitby . . .... 78 H. W. Bainbridge, c Cochrane, b Brain . . loi Hon. M. B Hawke (captain), b Cochrane 17 C. W. Rock, b Cochrane 6 J. A. Turner, b Whitby 3 G. M. Kemp, c Bolitho, b Whitby . . 29 C. D. Buxton, c Newton, b Whitby . . 2 F. Marchant, run out 8 P. J. De Paravicini, b Cochrane . . . , o C. Toppin, not out .. .. .. .^.11 C. A. Smith, c O'Brien, b Bastard . . 23 B4,lb5 9 Total 287 43 CRI— DEN In the second innings C. W. Wright scored (c Buckland, b Bastard) 15, H. W. Bainbridge (1 b w, b Bastard) 7, Hon. M. B. Hawke (not out) 5, G. M. Kemp (b Bastard), 26, C. D. Buxton (not out) 36 — total 89. Cambridge winning by seven wickets. Oxford has now won 23 matches and Cambridge 26, two having been left unfinished. Davis Chinese Scholarship, The, is worth ;^5o a year, and is open to members of the University who have not exceeded twenty-eight terms from their matriculation. It is tenable for two years conditionally on the scholar keeping a certain statutable residence, and continuing his Chinese studies under the supervision of the Professor. If none of the candidates, at the time of the election, are deemed worthy of the Scholarship, the election may be post- poned for two years or less, and in that case the annual stipend or a smaller sum may^ be paid under the name of an Exhibition, to a person who may be desirous of pursuing the study of Chinese. The Exhibition is tenable during the period for which the Scholar- ship election has been postponed, and otherwise under the same conditions as the Scholarship itself. Degradation.— This is the solemn cancelling in Convocation of the degree held by a member of the University. When scandalous conduct appears to justify this, the ofifender may be brought before the Vice-Chancellor in Convoca- tion, by the Bedels ; and after the former has detailed his offences, the Sub-Bedels are to remove the insignia of his degree one by one— his cap, his hood, and his gown— and is then to hustle Xproiurbare) him, thus stripped {tiudatum), forth from the doors of the House. If he be not present in Oxford he is declared deprived of his degree by the vote of Convocation. Degfrees.— The degrees granted by the University are : (i) In Arts, Bachelor and Master (B.A. and M.A.). (2) In Music, Bachelor and Doctor (Mus. B. andMus. D.). (3) In Civil Law, Bachelor and Doc- tor (B.C. L. andD.C.L.). (4) In Medicine, Bachelor and Doc- tor (M.B. andM.D.). (5) In Divinity, Bachelor and Doctor - (B.D. andD.D.). The Faculties of Medicine, Civil Law, and Divinity are denominated superior Faculties, and candidates for degrees in them must have passed the Examination necessary to the attainment of the degree of Bachelor of Arts. In all cases the consent of their College or Hall, or of the Delegates of non-collegiate students, must be obtained by the candi- dates and must be given to the Registrar in writing. The names of candidates are also read out in Congregation, and they must furthermore inscribe their names in a book which is kept at the Vice-Chancellor's house. No tests are required on taking degrees beyond a promise to conform to the Statutes of the University, and in regard to the privileges of the House of Congregation, except that those who are admitted to degrees in the Faculty of Divinity have to assent to the Thirty-nine Articles and the Book of Common Prayer. (For particulars of time required for Degrees, Examinations, Fees, and General Con- ditions, see Arts, Divinity, Law, Medicine, and Music.) Sometimes, but very rarely, degrees are granted out of the ordinary course, by Decree of Convocation, or by Dip- loma, to persons who have not, as well as to persons who have, been previously members of the University; and less rarely they are given honoris causd^ without the full rights which ordinarily belong to them. Demyships. — [See Magdalen College. ) Denyer and Johnson Theo- logical Scholarships, The, are two in number, of the annual value of £<,o each, are open to Bachelors of Arts who have not exceeded twenty-seven terms from matriculation, and are DEN-DIS 44 awarded, after Examination, in every Hilary Term. Derby Scholarship.— This Scholarship of the annual value of ;^ 15 7, tenable for one year only, is awarded to the candidate who has attained the highest academical distinction in classi- cal scholarship. Candidates must be members of the University who have completed their twentieth, and not completed their twenty-fourth terms, and who must have attained the follow- ing distinctions : (i) A first in Classics at the First Public Examination ; (2) A first class in Literis Humanioribus, or a second class in Literis Humanioribus at the Second Public Examination, to- gether with two of the three Chancellor's Prizes, of which one must be that for Latin Verse ; (3) Two of the three Classical University Scholarships, name- ly the Hertford, the Ireland, and the Craven. Dinners. — Dining elsewhere than in the College Hall is not encouraged by the University or College authorities. Moreover, it is almost impossible to obtain a cheap and comfortable meal out of College. The prices at all the hotels are high — in the more preten- tious they are outrageously so, especially if wine be brought into the question, and there is always the chance that dis- covery by a zealous Proctor may add ;^l to the account, although discipline on this point has been somewhat relaxed of late years, and an Under- graduate belated for his College Hall may count pretty surely on being per- mitted to feed and pass out in peace, provided he does not sit too long. In most Colleges there is a particular night in the week assigned for the entertain- ment of guests in Hall, when a special strangers' table is provided. On ordi- nary nights any guest who may be invited will sit with his host at the common table. If an Undergraduate it will be safer for his host that he should brirg cap and gown. The number of guests who may be intro- duced by one man is limited to two, or in some cases, as at Christ Church, to three. {See also tinder Hall. ) Dinners in Rooms are almost unknown. No College which aims at encouraging frugality in its inmates would tolerate them. Still, in special cases they may be permitted by the authorities, when they will be charged for either by the head or by the dish, as may be arranged with the College cook. The alternative to a Dinner in Rooms is a supper, or a "smug tea," the latter being merely a small and solitary edition of the former, indulged in by those who have reasons for regarding their moments as precious, under shadow of approaching schools, or for avoiding the heavy menu of the Hall. Only cold meat can be sent into rooms in the evening. Discipline. —Every Undergra- duate, on his admission to the Univer- sity by the Vice-Chancellor in the ceremony of matriculation, is presented by an attendant functionary with a copy of an octavo book, bound in cloth, of a colour varying in successive years, and bearing in gilt letters the title " Statuta Universitatis Oxoniensis." For this book he will pay the sum of ^i, an amount which it is to be hoped he will find the contents worth to him, for the second-hand market price of the work is nil. The Statutes which it embodies are mostly in Latin, as being the one lan- guage commonly understood by the students who flock to Oxford from all nations of the world. They form a summary of the theoretical discipline of the University, but it may be doubted whether many Undergraduates arrive at their knowledge of that discipline from a study of these pages. A few days' residence will put most men in possession of a sufficient working know- ledge of the functions and habits of the Proctors, who with their pro's, and staff of Bulldogs form the police of the University, and enforce its commands and its prohibitions. The first thing that will be learnt in connection with these officers is that they every evening perambulate the streets of the city, when their most common and mechani- cal duty is to arrest, and inquire the name and College of, any Undergraduate found in the streets without cap and gown. Any one so found after 7. 30 or 8.0, when the Proctors are certain to be upon their rounds, will be invited to call upon his captor next morning, and, failing a reasonable excuse for his infringement of the regulations as to attire, will be requested to pay 5^. into the University Chest, represented on these occasions by a white pudding- plate. A similar penalty may be inflicted for appearing without cap and gown in the morning, and for the not unfrequently concurrent offence of smok- ing in the streets. In the afternoons Undergraduates are practically at liberty to infringe these regulations, though instances have been known of their enforcement by Draconian Pro-proctors even before Hall time. The desirability of the regulations as to the wearing of cap and gown is much canvassed, and Proctors vary considerably in their zeal to prevent their infringement, but it is safer for any one who cares about his crowns to wear his cap and gown when he goes out after Hall. It is not diffi- cult to discern the approach of a Proctor and his staff, nor, if they are observed in time, to avoid beingaccosted by them by availing oneself of a side street, but the most wary of Under- graduates will occasionally be surprised. The penalty of unsuccessful flight is an increase in the fine payable, and flight from a Bulldog is not always successful. In the course of his rounds the Proctor will visit the public rooms of hotels, with the view of dispersing any Under- graduates who may there be collected for purposes of festivity. The penalty for being found in such a gathering is £1. Billiard rooms will also be cleared after 9.0 p.m., and loj". or £1 will probably be added to the expenses of each of the players therein discovered. Other sumptuary regulations are the 45 DIS— DIS prohibition of driving, unless permission have been obtained from the College authorities and the Proctors {tandeins being under all circumstances forbidden), and of attendance at race meetings, etc., by Undergraduates. The more serious duties of the Proctors are concerned with the maintenance of the morals of the University, and indeed of the town so far as the University is likely to be affected by them. The Bulldogs are in reality a force of detectives, and are in constant communication with various sources of information in the city. The power of the Vice- Chancellor and Proctors within the area under their jurisdiction far surpasses that of any other constituted authority in any town of the kingdom, except that occupied by the sister University. Any Under- graduate convicted of the offences, the temptations to which it is the main object of the Proctorial system to re- move, will hardly escape expulsion from the University. The disciplinary systems of the several Colleges, while alike in most general features, vary in minor points according to the special rules which the prevailing type of Undergraduate frequenting the special College has made necessary. The rule that all men residing in College are to be within gates by 12 at night is universal, and applies equally to lodging-houses and their inmates ; its infringement is a serious offence. The College gates are usually closed at about 10 minutes past 9, when "Tom "has ceased tolling his loi strokes. The fines exacted for coming in after the closing of the gate vary according to the time of entrance ; in some Colleges none are exacted. Doors in lodgings are closed at 10 p.m. Each College porter and lodging-house keeper sends in a weekly return of entrances after closing of gates, thus furnishing a rough criterion of the amount of a man's evening reading, though only of a negative kind. Too frequent "knocking in" will lead to the "gating" of the offender, by which is implied that he will not be allowed to be DIS-DIS 46 out of College before 2 p.m. (except for lectures) or after Hall. *' Gating" is a convenient and much-resorted-to form of punishment for minor offences. It is sometimes inflicted for considerable periods, when it becomes a real incon- venience. It has the merit of en- couraging reading. Fines or Sconces are also employed for the correction of small peccadilloes. In some Colleges a fine is inflicted concurrently with every ** gating." The early rising of Under- graduates is promoted by the system of Chapels, of which a certain number have to be attended in every week in most Colleges. The morning services are usually at 8 a.m., and the evening in some Colleges before Hall, in others at 10 p.m. or thereabouts. "Where atten- dance at Chapel is not so rigorously enforced (and in some Colleges there is no compulsory attendance), a Roll Call is held at 8 a.m. which must be answered a certain number of times in the week or in the term. This institu- tion furnishes another means of correct- ing minor offences, of a nature equally salutary with that of gating; the obliga- tion to keep a// Roll Calls being, especi- ally for out-College men of somnolent temperament, a somewhat unpleasant one. Chapel attendance on Sundays, morning and evening, is in most cases compulsory. It is seldom that ** impo- sitions " or '* lines " are resorted to as a punishment. They are marketable commodities in Oxford, and commend themselves to few sensible men as a desirable method of enforcing discipline. For graver offences, such as occasion- ally succeed large wines, rioting, hay- making, the lighting of bonfires, screw- ing-up of doors, etc. , severe gating may be considered a sufficient penalty, or the offender, if a scholar or exhibitioner, be fined by a deduction from his Scholar- ship, or he may be "sent down" for a period, it being generally understood that the estimate formed of the severity and degradation of that punishment by a man's home circle, combined with his deprivation of the pleasures of resi- dence, will amount in most cases to a very effective deterrent, while the check given to his studies will probably be but small. For less pardonable breaches of College Law — such as contumelious treatment of authorities, contempt of gating, notorious and persistent gambling (all gambling being for- bidden by University Statute), repeated failures in the schools — Undergraduates may be requested to remove their names from the College books, in which case they may find refuge in a Hall, or become Non-Collegiate students, while it is only for offences of a disgraceful character that expulsion from the College is resorted to. In most Colleges there are by-laws of a more or less stringent character against the introduc- tion of dogs into College, the playing of pianos except in certain hours, walking on the grass of the quads, etc. , enforced by no penalty except after repeated breach. In addition to the compulsory Chapels, a certain number of Halls have in some Colleges to be kept, or at any rate paid for, in every week of term, or in the course of the whole term {see Hall). At each term's end, inmost Colleges, more or less of a ceremony in the form of Col- lections has to be gone through before an Undergraduate is at liberty to go down. Any Undergraduate desirous of residing in Oxford during vacation must obtain permission from his College authorities, and, if he resides in lodgings, from the University authorities. Absence from Oxford by night or by day is forbidden, but leave may be obtained, on sufficient reason shown, from the College autho- rities. Further information as to the discipline of the University, of a nature rather unwritten and customary than formulated in statutes and rules, may be gathered from the articles on Fresh- men and Undergraduates. Discommoning. — The "thunder- bolt of discommoning," wielded by the Vice-Chancellor, is the power of for- bidding dealings by any member of the University with a tradesman who has incurred disgrace by fraud, extortion, or other offence. The Vice-Chancellor, with or without the advice of the Proctors, may thus summarily ' * boycott' ' any one within the precincts of the University, Divinity, Degrees in.— Can- didates for the degree of Bachelor of Divinity must have been Regent Mas- ters of Arts for three years, and before being admitted must exhibit to the Vice-Chancellor their letters of Priests' Orders, or a certificate from the Registrar of the diocese in which they have been ordained. They are required to read before the Regius Professor in the Divinity School two dissertations upon subjects previously approved by the Professor, and to pay to the University a fee of;,^ 14. Candidates for the degree of Doctor of Divinity must have been for four years Bachelors of Divinity, and are required to read in the Divinity School three exegetical lectures upon portions of Holy Scripture, and to pay to the University a fee of ;^40. A Master of Arts who has completed fifteen years from his admission to Regency may, with the consent of Convocation, take the two degrees in Divinity by accumulation, that is, both at the same time, doing the exercises for one of the two only, whichever he may choose. In this case a fee of £5 is charged in addition to the fees in both degrees. Divinity, Margaret Profes- sor of. — Elected by the Graduates in Theology and by Masters of Arts in Holy Orders who are members of Con- gregation, or have resided for twenty weeks in the University previous to the election. The Vice-Chancellor has a casting vote in the election. He is subject to the ordinary Professorial regulations as to the instruction he is to give. The Professorship is the oldest in the University, having been founded in 1502, by Margaret, Countess of Richmond, mother of Henry VIL A 47 DIS— DUE Canonry at Christ Church is attached to this chair, which is now occupied by Dr. Charles Abel Heurtley, late Fellow of Corpus. Divinity, Regius Professor of, is to lecture on some portion of the Holy Scriptures, or to discuss questions connected with the study of Theology. He is subject to the usual regulations as to the residence and lecturing of Professors. A Canonry at Christ Church is annexed to the chair, the original emolument of which was £40. The Regius Professor is William Ince, D.D. Divinity School, in the same quad- rangle as the entrance to the Bodleian, is particularly noticeable for the extreme beauty of its stone roof, with elaborate groining, tracery, and pendants. The ancient disputation pulpits are still pre- served, and stand in either side of the school. It was here in 1555 that Bishops Ridley and Latimer were tried; and when Parliament sat at Oxford in 1625 to avoid the Plague, the Divinity School was assigned to the use of the House of Commons. It afterwards fell upon evil days, and was for some time used as a storehouse for com, but even this was not so bad as the fate that had befallen it at the time of Ed- ward VI., when it was used as a pig- market. In the Convocation House, which leads from the school, is a good roof, and pictures of Lords Eldon and Stowell, by Owen. The oak panelling in the building is attributed to VVjren. Driving. — Pony carriages can be hired for los. 6d. for the day, and prices rise from this minimum in proportion to the dignity of the equipage required. Permission to drive must be obtained from the Proctors, who make little difficulty of granting the privilege on production of the necessary certificate of the sanction of the authorities of the applicant's College or Hall. Tandems and four-in-hand driving are forbidden. Dues.— (vS*^^ Fees.,) ECC-EXA 48 Ecclesiastical History, Regius Professor of.— Subject to the same regulations as the Regius Professor of Pastoral Theology. The emoluments are those of a Canonry of Christ Church, assigned to this chair in 1840. Present Professor, William Bright, D.D., Christ Church, elected 1868. Ecclesiastical History, The Header in, lectures twice a week dur- ing term time, and twice in those weeks gives informal instruction to those who desire it. His salary is ;^300 a year, and he may demand a fee of not more than £2. a term from those receiving informal instruction. The Reader is the Rev. Edwin Hatch, M.A., Vice- Principal of St. Mary Hall. Eldon Law Scholarship, The, is tenable for three years from the 4th of June, conditionally on the scholar keeping his terms regularly at one of the Inns of Court. Candidates must be *' Protestants of the Church of England, and members of the Univer- sity of Oxford, who, having passed their Examination for the degree of Bachelor of Arts, have been rated in the first class in one branch at least of examination, or have gained one of the Chancellor's Prizes, and who intend to follow the profession of the Law. " All applications are to be addressed to the Secretary to the Trustees of the Foun- dation (George Lewis Parkin, Esq., 5, New Square, Lincoln's Inn, London, W.C.), and no application made by or on behalf of a candidate to any indi- vidual Trustee is entertained. If this scholar is called to the Bar, or com- mences practice, he ipso facto vacates the Scholarship. Ellertou Theological Essay. — This prize, value £2.1^ is aM^arded annually " for the best English Essay on some doctrine or duty of the Christian religion, or on some of the points on •which we differ from the Romish Church, or any other subject of Theo- logy which shall be deemed meet and usual." The competition is open to members of the University who have passed the B.A. Examination, and have begun the sixteenth term from their matriculation for the space of eight weeks previously to the day appointed for sending in the Essays, and have not exceeded the twenty- eighth term from their matriculation on the day in Trinity Term on which the subject of the Essay is proposed. English Language and Literature, The Merton Pro- fessor of, is to lecture and give instruction on the history and criticism of the English language and literature, and on the works of approved English authors. He shall be entitled to a stipend of ;f 700 per annum, in addition to the emolument of his ex-officioY€^o^- ship in the College, from Merton Col- lege, a member of which shall always be on the board of electors to the office. The Professor is Arthur Sampson Napier, M.A, English Poem,— (vSV^ Newdi- GATE.) English Poem on a Sacred Subject. — A prize of the value of about ;^io8 is given once in every three years for an English Poem on a Sacred Subject of not less than sixty or more than three hundred lines. It is open to all members of the University who, when the subject is announced, have passed the Examination for the degree of B.A. The subject for 1887 is the "Preaching of John the Baptist." Decasyllabic verse rhymed in couplets or stanzas, or blank verse. The dra- matic form is inadmissible. Examinations. — Such particu- lars of the Preliminary and Final Exami- nations as the space at our command ad- mits of, will be found under the respective heads of Arts, Divinity, Law, Medi- cine, and Music ; but it may be men- tioned that full information as to the time of holding and manner of con- ducting these and all other University Examinations, the standing at which 49 EXA— EXE candidates may offer tliemselves, the Exegesis, Dean Ireland's subjects to be taken in for examination Professor of. — Instituted under and the books in which they may be Dean Ireland of Westminster's will in studied, and the exemptions which are 1 843. He is to reside six months and in certain cases allowed, will be found to deliver two courses of lectures in the stated officially in the Examination year, each lasting for six weeks at least Statutes, which are published annually in the term, at the rate of two lectures at the beginning of Michaelmas Term. a week, on the exposition of the Holy The papers and questions set at all Scriptures. Twice a week at least the the Examinations in Arts are published Professor is to assign an hour for in- at the Clarendon Press Depository, 116, formal instruction to students who may High Street, Oxford. The names of desire it. He is elected by the Heads candidates for Examinations, and also of Houses. The emolument of the the results, are published from time to chair is the interest at ^t, per cent, of time in the University Gazette, a sum of ^10,000 bequeathed by the founder. Professor, William Sanday, Excursions. — {^See Sight-See- M.A., Fellow of Exeter. ING.) EXETER COLLEGE. Exeter College, Turl Street, founded in 1314 by Walter de Stapleton, Bishop of Exeter and Lord High Treasurer, is entered by a fine tower gateway with heavy bosses, and has been almost entirely rebuilt at one period or another. The first quadrangle contains both the Hall and the Chapel. The Hall possesses a fine open timber roof, and portraits of the founder, Charles L, Archbishops Seeker and Selden, and one of Dr. Prideaux, who from a scullion in the College rose to be rector of it, Bishop of Worcester, and — greater dignity of all, perhaps, in University esteem — Regius Professor of Divinity. The elaborate oak screen appears to have been painted and varnished, and spoiled, by some spick-and-span paint-loving Goth. The Chapel, rebuilt about twenty years ago from designs by Sir Gilbert Scott, ];ias an apse, with fine Salviati mosaics, and some good modern stained-glass windows. On the floor of the nave are three brasses, dated 1624, 1627, and 1636, to the memory of three children of the Dr. Prideaux above mentioned. The Chapel, with its high- pitched roof and small but graceful spire, is considered to be a master- piece of Gothic architecture. The Library fronts towards the Fellows' garden, and is a modern Gothic building also by Scott. Here will be found Henry VIL's fine illuminated Mass-book, and a number of other rare and interesting works. At the bottom of the garden is a large chestnut-tree, overshadowing Brasenose Lane and Heber's rooms in that College, whence it is called Heber's tree ; and another curiosity is Dr. Kennicot's fig-tree, concerning which some curious stories may be gleaned by the inquisitive visitor. Exeter College has contributed many Archbishops and Bishops to the Church, and has also numbered among its students Sir Charles Lyell, the geologist ; the Rev. Alexander Dyce, the commentator on Shakespeare ; Professor Maurice ; and James Anthony Froude, the historian. EXE—EXE 50 Visitor. The Bishop of Exeter. Rector, John Prideaux Lightfoot, D.D., elected 1854. Bursar. Major Charles Thomas Wilson, late 4th King's Own Royal Regt. Lecturer in Modern History and in Hebrew, and Librarian. Rev. Charles William Boase, M.A. Chaplain. Thomas Henry Sheppard, B.D. Catechist. Rev. William Walrond Jackson, M.A. Tutor and Dean. Paul Ferdinand Willert, M.A. Sub-Rector. Lewis Richard Farnell, M.A. Tutors. Lewis Richard Farnell, M.A. Rev. Henry Fanshawe Tozer, M.A. Henry Francis Pelham, M.A. Paul Ferdinand Willert, M.A. Mathematical Lecturer. Charles James Coverly Price, M.A, Lecturer in Theology. Ret. William Sanday, M.A. Lecturers not on the Foundation, John Charles Wilson, M.A., B.CL. {Jurisprudence). William Lewis Morgan, M.A. [Biology]. Harold Bailey Dixon, M.A. Trinity {^Physics). Archibald Barwell How, B.A. {Classics). Fellows. Rev. Charles William Boase, M.A. Thomas Henry Sheppard, B.D. Rev. William Walrond Jackson, M.A. Ingram Bywater, M.A. Edwin Ray Lankester, M.A. Lewis Richard Farnell, M.A. Rev. Henry Fanshawe Tozer, M.A. Henry Francis Pelham, M.A. William Mitchell Ramsay, M.A. Charles James Coverly Price, M.A. Paul Ferdinand Willert, M.A. Rev. William Sanday, M.A. Honorary Fellows. Right Hon. Lord Coleridge, M.A., Hon. D.C.L. James Anthony Froude, M.A. William Ince, D.D. Edward Burne Jones, Hon. D.C.L. William Morris, M.A. ADMISSION. The Examination, which is not com- petitive, is held once in each term. The subjects are two Greek Plays by the same author ; three books of the Odes of Horace and the Ars Poetica ; Arith- metic ; the first two books of Euclid or Algebra to Simple Equations ; Latin Prose Composition; and unseen trans- lation from Greek and Latin. Holders of certificates exempting from Re- sponsions are also exempted from the Matriculation Examination. The ad- mission fee is £5, and the Caution money £2.^^ the latter returnable on removal of the name from the College books. SCHOLARSHIPS, EXHIBITIONS, ETC. Beades the Open Scholarships, the number of which is fixed from time to time by the College, and which are of the annual value of ;^8o, there are eight Stapleton's Scholarships of the annual value of £60, limited to persons born or educated in the Diocese of Exeter, and one or two King Charles I.'s Scholar- ships of the value of £%o per annum, limited to persons born at any of the Channel Islands, or educated at Victoria College, Jersey, or Elizabeth College, Guernsey. Candidates for all these Scho- larships must be under nineteen years of age, and the Open Scholarship elections take place in Hilary Term. In default of duly qualified candidates for the limited Scholarships, these may for the time be thrown open. There are also three other Scholarships, each of the annual value of ;^8o, for one of which, founded by Mr. George Carter, persons born in the county of Kent and already members of the College have a prefer- ence, c ceteris paribus, over other candi- dates ; while the other two, founded by Miss Marianne Hasker, are open to all persons needing assistance at the Uni- versity, and intending to study theology with a view to taking Holy Orders. For the Carter and Hasker Scholarships there is no limit of age. There are numerous Exhibitions in the gift of the College, many of which are open to general competition, while others are restricted to members of the College. There is no limitation as to age. Of the Special Exhibitions may be men- tioned the How, two in number, of the annual value of £35, limited to the kin of the founder, or to the sons of clergy- men resident in Somerset or Devon, or to sons of clergymen of the Church of England generally ; one Gifford, value £'jo per annum, limited in the first in- stance to persons educated at Ashburton School ; King Charles I.'s, two or more, limited as in the case of King Charles I.'s Scholarships ; the Symes, two, worth about £60 per annum each, limited in the first instance to persons born or educated in the counties either of Somerset or Dorset ; and a Michell, worth about £40 per annum. The Symes and Michell Exhibitions are restricted to students of Divinity. FELLOWSHIPS. There are at present twelve Fellow- ships, Ordinary and Tutorial. Tutorial Fellowships are tenable in the first in- stance for fifteen years, with possible re-election, once for ten years, and then for periods of not more than five. The yearly stipend is from ;^200 to ;^300, in addition to a sum not exceeding £600 from the Tuition Fund. Subject to certain conditions. Tutorial Fellows are permitted to marry. EXPENSES. The tuition fees are £22 is, annually for Undergraduates, with certain re- missions. The College dues are, until taking the degree of B. A. , £^ gs. per annum ; the establishment charges are, for residents in College £1^^ los., for residents out of College £y loj-., to- gether with certain percentages on articles supplied from the kitchen or the buttery, and payments to bedmaker. Room-rent varies from ;!^io to £16 per annum, furniture, as a rule, to be taken 51 EXE-EXP at a valuation. The degree fees are, B.A. £^ 13^. 6d., and M.A. £^ $s, COLOURS. The Eight wear a red jacket trimmed with black, black hat with red ribbon, and white jersey trimmed with red. The ordinary uniform is black coat trimmed with red, or blue with the College arms on the breast. Expenses.— It is exceedingly dif- ficult, in a general article, to give the detailed information so often desired by those who are contemplating an Oxford career. In fixing the annual sum which will suffice to maintain him there com- fortably and creditably, very much depends upon the character and tastes of the individual, much upon the estab- lishment to which he attaches himself. There used to be a tradition that £100 per annum was, with care, an adequate allowance for a member of a College. It is exceedingly doubtful whether at the present day it would be possible for any but an unattached student to obtain his B.A. degree at a less cost than £yxif exclusive of all pocket and personal expenses. Let us consider the necessary dis- bursements of an Undergraduate at an ordinary College. On matriculation he will pay to the University ;^2 lox., and to his College ^5 as an entrance fee. The University fee is invariable ; the amount quoted as payable to the College is that charged in the ma- jority of cases, though at Balliol it is as low as £2, and rises, at St. John's College, to £6 31. He will further be required to make a deposit of Caution money, usually ^^30, though in several cases £2<^, and, in a few, as low as ;^20. At certain of the Halls, where a system of prepayment is allowed, Caution money is, if advantage be taken of that system, not required. Being now a member of the University and College, he will take up residence either in rooms within gates or in lodgings. The systems of the various Colleges in regard to the disposal of their freshmen EXP-EXP 52 in this respect are very different. Some prefer that the new-comers should reside in College, and turn the third or fourth year men out of gates ; others look upon residence as a privilege accorded to seniority, and turn their freshmen into the town. In others, again, a man's whole course may be passed either in lodgings or in rooms, according to his own option. We will assume for the present that the freshman has ob- tained rooms in College immediately on matriculation. If so, he will have in most cases to pay out a further sum of from ;^2o to £60 for the furniture of his rooms, unless, as is usual in a few Colleges and permitted in the case of particular sets of rooms in others, he arranges to rent the furniture from the College. We will let him down easily, and say £2,0, including the valuer's fee and the stamp. He will next be made aware of a further necessity for disbursement on account of various minor articles of household necessity not deemed worthy of being numbered among the perma- nent furniture, and absorbed by the scout of the staircase at each occupant's removal, unless he carries them with him. A list of these will be furnished by the thoughtful scout, who will gene- rally sell the new-comer the articles required. If the latter prefers to have them new, and at a price more pro- portionate to their value, he will pur- chase them at an ironmonger's, having first inquired of his scout the names of the two or three tradesmen whom he would recommend in that line in order that he may know whom, at any rate, to avoid. The articles required will probably be, bath and water-can, chamber-set, two brooms, a coal-scuttle, tin bowl, tea-tray, kettle, saucepan, and boot-brushes. I f the following requisites have not been brought from home, viz. , sheets, tablecloths, towels, toilet-covers, glass-cloths, dusters, tea-set, breakfast- set, knives, spoons, and forks, tumblers, wine-glasses, decanters, small plates, salt-cellars, cruet-stand, and candlesticks, they, or such of them as are wanting, will have to be procured. A lamp is also desirable. This batch of requisites will probably come to another £3. Certain groceries will also have been provided by the fatherly attendant from his favourite tradesmen, who should be noted for avoidance. This will, how- ever, remind our student that he must get his groceries (tea, coffee, sugar, and biscuits are the only indispensable ones) somewhere, and that this will be one of his terminal expenses. He should order them himself and have them sent in (unless he can get them from the College Common Room or ^-tore), and pay for them at the time. In some Colleges no commissions may be executed by scouts without a written order ; this is a wise regulation. After joining, the Undergraduate will have a short period of repose from ex- penditure, but soon will come upon him the necessity of choosing his line in amusement and exercise. If he joins his College Boat Club — and in a small and united College he will be sure to do so — in any he will be wise to do so, —he will be called upon for a terminal subscription of £i at least. If the College is one which does not provide its own practice boats, he may have to subscribe to Salter's as well, if he sticks to the river. The gymnasium, if his tastes be that way, is more expensive. Lawn-tennis will also cost him more ; racquets or tennis more again. The quietest of boating men will probably find his exercise cost him £2 a term, at least, and boating is the cheapest form of recreation, unless a man is prepared to sacrifice more to economy than economy is worth, and to confine himself to constitutionals. Passing over the appeals which will be made to him for charitable and mis- sionary subventions, as being concerned with his privy purse, and not with what we may regard as his public expenditure as an Undergraduate, we must take account of the subscription which he will probably pay to some social club — the Union, or his School Club. His entrance fee and subscription to the latter — which, if he is of the average moderate type of Undergraduate, he will probably join, and will certainly do well in doing so, even if only for a time — will amount to £2. ^s. But his first term is not only concerned with recreation and acclimatisation. He must pass his Smalls, respond for form's sake in the Farvisum, if he have not before matriculation obtained a school certificate, or passed the ** Ex- amination in lieu.''^ This will mean another fee of £2 to the University, which we may most fairly bring to account among the expenses of his first term, even though in the alternative cases referred to it will have been paid before actually coming into residence. If he now pass, the item will not recur, and we will pay him the compliment of omitting it from our reckoning in future terms. His remaining official expenses will be connected with going down for the vacation. On this occasion he will, in accordance with unwritten but inflex- ible custom, pay his scout £iy and his scout's assistant los. Perhaps he may have to pay something additional for shoe-blacking, but generally not. Then there are the messenger and the under porter to be remembered, and then away to the station for the journey home. But our Undergraduate has not all this time been living on air. On the contrary, he has been attending lectures, and multiplying convolutions in his gray cerebral matter ; he has been feeding in Hall ; he has been eating Oxford breakfasts and drinking Oxford ale ; he has been rowing in scratch fours and improving his appetite and his digestion ; he has entertained his friends at dinner, and has knocked in late at night. Of the pecuniary mean- ing of all this he has had periodical reminders in the form of weekly battel bills, detailing the rest of his daily consumption from the kitchen and buttery, his washing, his fuel, and sundry other minute items. How low. 53 EXP— EXP on an average, may these weekly battels be kept ? The ordinary estimate for a moderate and economical man, who eats and drinks healthily, and enter- tains quietly, is about £2 a week. A moment's consideration of the items will justify this estimate. Breakfast rated at IS. 3^. ; lunch at 6d. — and most men will take meat or pastry for their lunch, which will mean a higher average — and dinner in Hall at 2s. 6d. — which we will count as occurring every day to allow for the compensation for absences by the introduction of strangers — these amount tOjf I. loj-., leaving los. for wash- ing, fuel (which is generally charged at about 3i-. 6d.), and occasional entertainment at breakfast or lunch. Where the Hall charge is less than 2J-. , this estimate will be fairly easy to conform to ; but in most Colleges the battels will not be kept much lower without some self-denial, and even self-reproach. One large breakfast will raise them 50 per cent. These weekly battels will be summed up and presented with the other terminal College charges for payment at the com- mencement of the term succeeding that in which they were incurred, or in some cases at the end of the same term. At the head of the composite account will appear the item — University and *' Col- lege Dues." The University dues amount to £2 per annum — say 13^. 4^. a term — though they are really paid quarterly. The " College Dues " vary ; they are a mysterious item. We will take them at 30J. a term, which is a low figure, considerably exceeded in most Colleges, and rising to ^3 35". Poor Rate will be charged on the value of the rooms occupied in some Colleges, in others this and the municipal dues are paid in a lump by the College and covered by the ** College Dues " item. As however at Jesus these dues are as low as the figure we have quoted, and no Poor or other Rate is charged to Undergraduates, we will allow this one College to take away the reproach of worse-managed ones, and make no EXP-EXP 64 -estimate for these Rates in our imaginary Undergraduate's terminal battels. These will next present an item of from £"] to £9 for tuition ; we will take the lowest figure as nearest the average. Next, a charge for establishment, service, or general expenses, treated very differently in different Colleges, in some of which it appears in one item, in others as two or three, while in others, as Trinity, Exeter, and New Colleges, a certain percentage is added to the kitchen and buttery account to defray one section, while a fixed charge is made for the remainder ; £^ to £<, a term is a com- mon amount for these expenses. Finally, for room-rent we may put down £5 as an average terminal charge for the whole period of residence. The account then will stand somewhat as below : Is, d, A. University Dues o 13 4 College Dues, Rates, etc. ... i 10 o Tuition 700 Room-rent 500 Service and Establishment {say) 4 10 O Weekly Battels (including Washing) 16 o o ;f34 13 4 A small bill for window-cleaning and -chimney-sweeping is also commonly pre- sented, either by the scout or in the battels, at the commencement of each term, which, with repairs and sundries, may be taken as bringing the above amount up to ^7^35. We must add to these the informal terminal expenses already enumerated : Is. d. B. Scout and Assistant ... i 10 o Tips to Messengers, etc. ... o 5 o Boating or other Exercise (subscription) ... ... 2 o o Club or Society (jffjv) ... i 10 o Groceries {say) o 15 o l^ o Q which brings us to a total of £^\^S2^ low figure for the bare working expenses of each term. We have seen that for the first term we must add : £s, d, C. Matriculation and College Entrance Fees ... ... 7 10 o Caution Money 25 o o Furniture [say) 30 o o Hardware 300 Responsions Fee 2 o o £6j 10 o so that, adding in the fee for Modera- tions of jfi lOi-., which may as well be counted in the first year as the second, we get for the first year's amount, £1^1 to be provided. And this exclusive of any allowance for books which must be bought, and clothes which must be worn (not to mention the cap and gown), and rail- way journeys up and down. How much are these to add to the 3^123 per annum which we found was requisite even after the Undergraduate was fairly started? A careful man will hardly escape getting into the wrong half of the second hundred, without reckoning for his maintenance in the vacation, with which we have nothing to do. Such will be the first year, and the second year will closely resemble it, assuming that our subject is to remain two years resident in College, except that he will probably have exceeded the estimate in the first by quite as much as he can recoup by care and experience in the second. In the second year he will have no heavy expenses, unless he seeks them in the picture and furniture shops, or takes to Poker and Unlimited Loo. If he remain in College for his third and fourth years, he will still make no saving worth mentioning, except in his kitchen and buttery bills, though his added experience will probably keep the total from rising. In his third or fourth year, according to the school he selects, he will pay to the University ;£"i for the privilege of obtaining his Tes- tamur in the Rudiments of Faith and Religion, and £1 loj. for entry to an Honour School or the three Pass Schools together. His degree will cost him altogether about £io loj*., the University claiming jf 7 10^., the College a fee of from;» '» 40 12 9 6 ,, ,, 45 II 7 o ,, ,, 50 10 4 o ,, M 55 910 ,, ,, 60 7 15 6 „ ,, 6s 690 ,, ,, 70 He will then retain for life all the rights and privileges belonging to his degree, provided he keeps his name on the books of some College oi Hall, or upon the Register of Unattached Students, but not otherwise. Pellowship,TTniversity.— (5V^ Radcliffe's Travelling Fellow- ships.) Pellowsllips.— Almost every College has some specialty of its own in regard to its Fellowships, and, if exact information is required in regard to any particular case, reference should be made to the Statutes passed by the University Commission in 1881, and approved by the Queen in Council in 1882. These contain practically the whole of the infoi-mation on the subject. As a general rule Ordinary Fellowships are granted, after examination, to candi- dates who have attained the degree of Bachelor of Arts, and who, at the time of election, are unmarried and are not possessed of an income from other sources of ;^50O a year. Ordinary Fellows receive £200 a year, with rooms and dinner in Hall ; are elected for seven years ; and are not compelled to remain unmarried after election. Official or Tutorial Fellows receive, in addition to the stipend of an Ordinary Fellow, such sums as may be attached to their respective offices ; they are elected for varying and renewable terms ; and subject to the proportion of un- married Official Fellows in residence being kept up to a certain standard, are permitted to marry. After a certain term of service pensions may be con- ferred on Official Fellows. Particulars of the duties and emoluments of Official Fellows will be found under the head of each College. Fencing. — Practice and lessons may be had either at the Gymnasium, or at Blake's School of Arms in Holy- well, at each of which there are annual competitions in this exercise. Fine Arts, Slade Professor of, founded in 1869 under the will Or Fredejick Slade, Esq., endowed by his executors with a capital sum of ;!fi2,ooo Reduced Three per Cent. Annuities. The Professor is elected for three years (and may be re-elected), by a Board consisting of the three Curators of the University Galleries, Bodley's Librarian, the President of the Royal Academy of London, the President of University College, London, and one other person appointed by Mr. Slade's executors. He is to give annually a course of not less than twelve lectures ** on the history, theory, and practice of the Fine Arts, or of some section or sections of them," Pre- sent Professor, Mr. Hubert Herkomer, A.R.A. Fives. — Fives may be played in the courts of the Oxford Racquet Courts Co., at Holywell, and in Museum Terrace, at the rate of 2s, for an hour. Football. — The University Rugby Union and Association Clubs each play frequent matches during the season. There are also general games from time to time, open to all members of those Clubs, the subscription to which is trifling, and periodical games be- tween selected sides. Several of the Colleges are represented by both Rugby Union and Association teams, though the former game is the more prevalent. The grounds lie in the Parks. Play is confined to the Michaelmas and Lent Terms, during which there are continual inter-collegiate and other matches. The University Association team wear a dark-blue and white Harlequin shirt and cap, and dark-blue knickerbockers and stockings. The Rugby Union - XV., a white jersey with a crown em- broidered in blue on the left breast, and repeated in white on the dark- blue coat; the cap is of dark-blue velvet with double line of silver round the edge, and a silver tassel. The match against Cambridge Uni- versit/, under Association rules, was played at Kennington Oval on 59 FIN— FRE February 24, 1885, Cambridge win- ning by I goal to o, thus making their score to date 8 matches won, as against Oxford 4. The Oxford team consisted of G. G. S. Vidal (New), goal ; P. M. Walters (Oriel) and L. T. Thring (New), backs; W. H. Edgar (BalHol) and R. Stuart- King (Hertford), captain, half-backs; F. W. Bain (Christ Church) and H. Chitty (Balliol), left wing ; T. Pellatt (Trinity ) and H. Guy (Hertford), centres; and O. Scoones (Christ Church) and A, C. N. Treadgold (Hertford), right wing. The match under Rugby Union rules, played at Blackheath on December 10, 1884, resulted in favour of Oxford by 3 goals and a try to a try, the score now standing : Oxford 6, Cambridge 2, drawn 4. The Oxford players were : H. B. Tristram (Hertford), back; C. G. Wade (Merton), G. C. Lindsay (Wadham), and A. S. Blair (Brasenose), three-quarterbacks; A. G. Grant- Asher (Brasenose), captain, and A. Rother- ham (Balliol), half-backs; W. H. Squire (St. John's), C. W. Berry (Brasenose), R. E. Inglis (University), H. V. Page (Wadham), B. A. Cohen (Balliol), A. B. Turner (Keble), P. Coles (University), A. M'Neill (Trinity), and R. C. Kitto (St. Catherine's), forwards. Freshmen. — The increasing so- phistication of modern society, and the development of the systems of primary education and cheap excursion trains, have done much already towards the extinction of the freshman as a class distinguishable by attributes other than those of shortness of residence and length of gown. Most of those who go up to the University from public schools have already some familiarity with the manners and customs of Oxford, ac- quired either from Scholarship-hunting visits or from former schoolfellows. Few such on their first arrival will find themselves without acquaintance in their own College and dependent entirely upon the paternal attentions of their scout ; but as the University is at FRE— FRE 60 the present time steadily and continu- ously widening the field from which she draws her students, there will still be, each October and January, a considerable number to whom the atmosphere and surroundings will be utterly new and strange, and for whose information it may be well to enter into particularities of detail which others might consider unworthy of notice. We will suppose, then, the case of a freshman whose acquaintance with the University is confined to the details supplied to himself or his guardians by the Dean or other executive officer of the College he purposes to join, and such estimate of that functionary's cha- racter as may be formed from his hand- writing. The freshman will make his debut in Oxford either as a member of a College or Hall or as an Unattached Student. In each case he will most probably have been required to pass some kind of examination as to his fitness to be received as an inmate, or to furnish satisfactory testimonials of his ability to pass the periodical Examinations for a degree. Informa- tion as to the conditions of entrance to the several Colleges is given elsewhere under the proper heads. If a Matricu- lation Examination, or the Examination in lieu of Responsions, is to be passed by the candidate for admission, he will have an opportunity of looking about him before the actual commencement of the term in which he joins. The Matriculation Examination he may be required to pass some time previously, as for instance, in May, with a view to commencing residence in October, or he may have been examined only a few days before the date appointed for the meeting of the Undergraduates. The Examination in lieu of Respon- sions is held at a date ranging between the 27th of September and the 5th of October in each year, just at the time when Oxford is waking from her Long Vacation torpidity. Candidates at the College Matriculation Examinations will usually, if these are held in vacation, be permitted to lodge in the building and to battel in College. If this facility is not offered, or it is the ' ' Lieu" which has to be faced, lodgings must be found in the town for the three or four nights to be passed there. The terms asked by the lodging-house keeper will probably strike the uninitiated as some- what high {see Expenses), for in the majority of cases, in addition to a suf- ficient weekly rent all imaginable '* extras " are charged for at the most amazing rates. This we say of the majority ; not a few, especially in the newer portions of the city, are reason- able. During the few days' anticipatory taste of Oxford air which he will thus enjoy, he will get some shadowy ac- quaintance with the outside of the Uni- versity world, with the river and the buildings, and perhaps one or two of the dons of the College he wishes to join, though, failing introductions, this will be but slight. Morning and after- noon he will have his paper work, in the evening he runs the risk of finding himself somewhat dull and lonely. The Union, even if he has a friend to intro- duce him, shuts early; the billiard- rooms are deserted. If his matricula- tion has engaged him at the end of the summer term, after the Colleges have gone down, the long evenings will be pleasant enough, and he cannot but begin to love the place ; if in the autumn or winter he will, we fear, have a first impression less favourable. Should he be accepted for matriculation, he will have at least a few days left before the commencement of term in which to make the necessary preparations for his new life. He should obtain from the College a list of the outfit recommended by the authorities in the matter of linen, china, etc. Part of this he will find it cheaper and more convenient to obtain out of Oxford. The requisite ironmongery and hardware it may be as well to order there. Every one on receiving the list of articles will be able to judge what will be most convenient to himself and his family. AMien the day appointed lor the return of Undergraduates arrives, the freshman, whether he have had this preliminary glimpse of Oxford or be perfectly strange there, will be found among the crowd which some express train pours forth at the station. He will probably be fain to succumb at the outset to the forces of extortion by which all Undergraduates, and freshmen in particular, are perpetuallybeleaguered , and after agreeing with his adversary the cabman with all speed possible, will engage one of the amphibious temporary porters who have access at these times to the station, to rescue and embark his belongings. His cab will be ac- companied to its destination by an in- dividual of unprepossessing appearance, who will expect to be permitted to carry his boxes to his room at a remuneration of i^. If this is not acquiesced in, and the job is left to the College porters and the new arrival's scout, whose business it is, and the unsolicited courtesy of the '^runner" in pushing forward to lift down the luggage from the cab be not acknowledged in coin, he will show signs of discontent and a sense of injury. In bringing our freshman to the porter's lodge we have assumed that he has joined a College and has been granted rooms within the gates. If he has chosen, or has been obliged to live in lodgings on first coming into residence, he will have to pay the porterage alluded to. It may be as well here to observe that when there is any power of choice we would very strongly recommend that the freshman should begin with residence in College. He will more quickly fall into the spirit of the place, more early gain ex- perience and acquaintances, than he will in lodgings. The expense for him of living within gates will probably not be greater, though it is impossible to pronounce universally upon this point, which must be studied in detail {see Expenses). In the majority of cases a freshman will be expected to reside in College. By the time that he has FRE-FRE had two or three years in rooms, he will probably not be sorry to go into lodgings ; his friends will be made, and the migration will not sever him from them ; he will have formed regular habits of reading, and of such economy as it suits him to practise, which he can carry with him and follow out more comfortably in the greater liberty of lodgings. But the freshman needs experience ; he needs contact with his fellows ; he has not learnt, and will not for some time learn, how best to use his time and money ; and though boys of exceptionally indus- trious and conscientious habits may be able to read more in lodgings in their first term than they could in College, it is not the first term or two, precious as all time is, that are most precious for reading. Modern study of methods of education has led to the increase of the opinion that it is not well to press young children with early book lessons at a period of their lives when they are learning so much in other ways. It is so with freshmen. They will not lose so much in their first term by the slight difference residence may make in their evenings' reading (for the morn- ings should, from the first, be rigidly kept sacred in all cases), as they would lose in Undergraduate vitality by "smug- ging " in a two-pair back, even if they were not wasting their substance at the Union on coffee and cigars. In College, then, our freshman is arrived. His portmanteau and book- box have been taken to his rooms, he following. He will probably spend the time till Hall in unpacking his things, or strolling in the town, buying a cap and gown as he passes. At Hall -time, having arrayed himself in these — if he has not bought them, his scout will lend him some — he will drift about the quad among his fellows, glad indeed if he find some half-acquaintance among the fresh- men, or is recognised by a Senior. In the Hall the freshmen will find their own table and their places thereat by a slow process of gravitation, and by the end FRE— FRE 62 of dinner it is to be hoped some of them will be at ease together — sufficient, perhaps, to justify an invitation to one to come up and have a look at the rooms of another. Freshmen, unless they fancy themselves habitues, do not need introduction to one another; a com- mon isolation makes them one. The fewer friends one has among his seniors in the College, the quicker will he get to know his contemporaries, upon whom, throughout his time as an Undergraduate, he will have most to rely for his companions. Therefore let him put aside at once all gent and want of ease. There exists at Oxford among Under- graduates a system of etiquette probably unique. It is, of course, always liable to suspension, and the more a man is gifted with good sense and proper feel- ing the less will he enforce it ; but it is always liable to be enforced, and every man is constantly prepared to be con- fronted by its effects. Hence arises a peculiar defensive attitude and guarded self-restraint in the Undergraduate temper. This code, which binds no one and which yet binds every one, which may so constantly be set aside and yet can never be assumed to be set aside, prescribes or justifies such social procedure as the following. You know at your home a man who is your senior at College ; you must not be surprised if he cuts you in the High, he may be a very good fellow all the same. Even if you meet and talk to one another and are in the same College you must not call upon him until he has called on you. If you meet strangers in the rooms of a friend who are not intro- duced to you, you will mutually ignore each other's existence without doing a noticeable or offensive thing. You will on no account shake hands with any one. This is a convenient Oxford habit which is made necessary by the circumstances of the place in College, and extends into universal practice. If you are introduced to strangers or to senior men in your own College, they need not know you again unless they feel disposed. If you happen to read with a coach, however unconstrained may be your intercourse during the hours you spend with him, he may pass you without recognition out of doors. This code of etiquette, about which much more might be written and which has its peculiar developments in different Colleges, is always latent, and though a man of straightforward and healthy mind may generally go right when he spontaneously ignores it, yet he may expose himself to severe snubbing or to the unruffled impenetrability of an Oxford cut. For nearly all its laws have under particular circumstances very sufficient justification, and ridicu- lous as is the excess to which they some- times lend themselves they must from this very basis of convenience always preserve some vitality. A freshman need not trouble himself too much about them. If he is a good fellow he will find most men are good fellows too. Moreover, the affectation and artificiality of Undergraduate life have their cycles of growth and decline, and at the present time (1885) we believe they are on the decline, and common- sense and kindly human feeling, such as has been much more the character- istic of Cambridge, coming in. Cam- bridge has had less of the idle and extravagant waistcoat-block class than Oxford. Very shortly after coming into resi- dence the freshman will be called to confer with his tutor as to his course of reading, and the lectures he is to attend. Here he will find much left to his own responsibility, and must be on his guard not to be misled by the changed relation in which his teachers stand to him. At school his work was set him. All that he had to do was to follow the card. Here, after the first advice, he will be left much to himself. Some task work, in the form of compositions for Moderations, he will have, and his lectures will be mapped out for him, with some option as to which he will attend. Too many lectures are not desirable, and he should review the condition of his knowledge of the books he has to take up before deciding which to attend. His tutor will not, in most cases, tell him many things which it might be better he should, for fear of appearing too much in the character of the school- master. Therefore, let the freshman keep his eyes open and his wits on the alert to learn what will most help him to success in the schools, and if he cares as he should about that, let him question his tutor freely on all points that suggest themselves to him. {See Reading. ) For making closer acquaintance with his fellows, senior as well as junior, there is hardly anything which will serve him so well as attendance at the boats. Dreary and irritating is the labour of the tub pair at first ; looking back on it, it seems strange, even to rowing men, that they should have endured and stuck to it until the beginnings of proficiency developed themselves. A bondage it is, compared with the life of the loafer, but it is a bondage to which we would strongly recommend all freshmen to stoop their necks, though we are not unmindful of the counter attractions of the many other forms of exercise. In his work and in his play, in his reading and his exer- cise, the freshman becomes merged in the Undergraduate. In his first term, however much he may shun the mani- festation of freshness as a shameful stigma, he will remain recognisable as such. Not a tradesman, not a loafer in the city, but will **spot" him at a glance, and act accordingly. At no time in his life, however, will he find happiness more cheap. The restraints of school are gone, the cares of degree, of disappointed expec- tations, of possible debt, are not yet. The wonderful city is putting forth her charms upon him, soaking him with that unreasoning and undefinable love for her which shall never leave him. 63 FRE— FUR And he is growing, body and mind, and can feel his growth and know that it is felt, and the dangers and possible penalties of growth are not yet come upon him. He enjoys a new freedom, and is conscious of new responsibilities; and yet his freest action is not without guidance, and his responsibilities are neither onerous nor unpleasant. Furniture.— The systems followed with regard to furniture in various Col- leges range themselves into two main types. Either the furniture found in the rooms will be bought by the in- coming from the outgoing tenant at a valuation fixed by an agent selected by the College, and resold, at a fresh valua- tion, on relinquishing possession ; or it may be the property of the College, and a certain terminal rent, or percentage on the value, paid for its use, with, in some cases, a lump sum on quitting the rooms on account of deterioration esti- mated to have been suffered by the stock. The former system is the more truly economical for the Undergraduate if he is careful of his " bits of sticks " and fortunate in his treatment by the valuer, for, although the payment down of from ;^20 to ;^6o in addition to other fees on matriculation may be in many cases a somewhat heavy call, the interest on the sum so paid, to- gether with the decrease in the value under reasonable usage, will probably be less than the amount fixed as an average by the College, which will average £i and upwards per term, while the assessment for deprecia- tion may be put down at jf 3 and up- wards. If no charge is to be made for depreciation the payment for rent will be proportionately higher. In Keble College, however, among other regula- tions aimed at securing severe economy, the buying or owning of certain sorts of furniture is forbidden. Thus the pro- hibition of sofas gives birth to various types of elongated arm-chairs and hyper- trophied ottomans. At this College, such furniture as is thought necessary is FUR— GOV 64 provided, and the rent included in the annual charge of £^2, so that a real economy is probably secured to the oc- cupant, who has also the advantage of exemption from the payment of a lump sum at the outset for furniture. Such extra articles as are put in by Under- graduates themselves are usually dis- posed of in this College by auction or private contract to other members. This system probably ensures the fairest price being obtained, though there will always be a loss, here as in other Colleges, on furniture put in new by the tenant. Such furniture, however, he has always the option of carrying away with him. Gaisford Prizes, The.— These are two in number, of the annual value of about £i(^ each, and are awarded annually in Trinity Term, one for Greek Verse, the other for Greek Prose. They are open to Undergraduates who, on the first Saturday in Easter Term, have not completed the seventeenth term from matriculation. Gardens. — Considering the ex- ceeding beauty of the gardens of some of the Colleges it is astonishing how little they are frequented by Under- graduates. Those of New College, Trinity, St. John's, Wadham, and Worcester remain to many men utterly unknown throughout their whole resi- dence. Members of those Colleges indeed, especially since the invasion of lawn-tennis, do make use of them more or less, but to an out-College man, save when he has female visitors on his hands, they are generally a strange country. Thereby he loses much, for to those who know them well they remain ever among the most soothing and sunny of all the clinging memories of Oxford. Nor is the Old Botanic Garden less kindly remembered. {S^e also Botanic Garden.) Gate. — [See Discipline.) Geology, The Professor of, is to lecture and give instruction on Geology and Palaeontology, and is en- titled to receive the sum of 3C400 per annum from the University Chest, to be increased "when and as the revenues of the University shall, in the judgment of the University, be sufficient for the purpose," to not less than ;^7oo or more than ;^900 per annum, ** unless provision for a payment of corre- sponding amount shall have been made from some other source." The Pro- fessor is Joseph Prestwich, M.A., Christ Church, Geometry, The Savilian Professor of, is to lecture and give instruction in pure and analytical Geometry. He is entitled to certain emoluments derived from the benefac- tion of Sir Henry Savile, or from the University Chest, and also to an annual sum, in addition to the stipend of an ordinary Fellowship, of ^400 from New College, the Warden of which is always a member of the board of electors to the office. The Professor is James Joseph Sylvester, Hon. D.C.L., M. A. Cantab., Fellow of New College. Golf is played during the Michael- mas and Lent Terms over the Cricket Ground at Cowley Marsh. The Uni- versity Club plays several matches in the year. Governing Body.— The govern- ing body of the University of Oxford consists, for practical purposes, of the Hebdomadal Council, the Congrega- tion of the University, and Convoca- tion. Of these the Hebdomadal Coun- cil consists of the Chancellor, the Vice- Chancellor, the Proctors, six Heads of Colleges or Halls, six Professors of the University, and six members of Convo- cation of not less than five years' standing, such Heads, Professors, and members of Convocation to be elected by the Con- gregation of the University. Every Statute framed by the Hebdomadal Council has to be proposed for accept- ance or rejection in Congregation, which is composed of the following members of Convocation : the Chancellor, the High Steward, the Heads of Colleges and Halls, the Canons of Christ Church, the Proctors, the members of the Heb- domadal Council, the Professors, the Public Examiners, certain officers of the University, and all resident members of Convocation. Statutes which have passed Congregation are submitted after a certain interval for final rejection or adoption to Convocation, which is a body consisting of all persons who have taken the degree of Master of Arts, or of Doctor of Civil Law or Medicine. The practical details are principally carried out by the Vice-Chancellor and the Proctors, assisted by certain Dele- gacies or Committees. The Boards of Faculties, consisting of elected and ex- ^^/^ members, supervise the teaching of the various Professors and Readers, and the Visitatorial Board, which consists of the Vice- Chancellor and six elected members, exercises a general control over the conduct, etc., of such Professors and Readers. The principal executive officer.^ of the University are the Chancellor, Vice- Chancellor, High Steward, Public Orator, Proctors, Bedels, and Registrar. For their several duties see separate headings (Chancellor, etc.). Greek, The Regius Profes- sor of, is to lecture and give in- struction on the history and criticism of the Greek language and literature, and on the works of classical Greek authors. The stipend is a yearly sum oi £yy:>iiQXi\ Christ Church, in addition ex officio to the emolument of a non- official student, subject to certain con- ditions. Provision is made in the Statute of 1882 for the augmentation of the stipend to the sum of £^00 per annum, including the emolument of a student, subject to the condition that the Professor shall be or become a student of the House. The Professor is Benj. Jowett, M.A., Master of Balliol. Greek Language and Lite- rature, The Reader in, lectures 65 GOV- HAL twice a week during term time, and twice in those weeks gives informal in- struction to those who desire it. His salary is £300 a year, and he may demand a fee of not more than £2. a term from those receiving informal instruction. The Reader is Ingram By water, M.A., Fellow of Exeter. Green's (Mrs. T. H.) Prize is awarded every three years for a dis- sertation on some subject relating to Moral Philosophy. It is of the value <^f £lP* Competitors must have been admitted to, or qualified for, the degree of M.A. Gulph. — The aspirant for Honours in any Final Honours School for which there is a corresponding Pass School, whose name fails to appear in the class list, has still left to him the hope that, though he has thus been swallowed up by the Schools, he may yet find that the Examiners have been willing to grant him a Testarmir as for the corresponding Pass School. Should it be in the Honour School of Lit. Hum. that this sad shipwreck has befallen him, he may similarly be allowed a Testamur as for one branch of the Pass School. Gymnasium (situated in Alfred Street). — Fencing, boxing, single-stick, and regular daily instruction in gym- nastic exercises are here provided. The subscription is £2 2s, a term, with 2s, 6d, for the use of the dressing-room, and IOJ-. entrance fee. This institution is open to all members of the University. Hall. — Dinner in Hall commences usually at 6, in some cases at 7 p.m. The ordinary fare consists of soup or fish, an entree, and joints. The charge for this averages 2s. Bread, butter, cheese, and beer are extras, as coming from the buttery. Sweets will also be charged as a separate item in most cases. Attendance in Hall at least five times a week is compulsory in most Colleges ; and on those days when absence is intended, names must be taken off in the morning, or the usual D HAL— HEB 66 charge will be made. Even when the name is removed, a few pence figure in the battels for the privilege of absence. On other days, even if presence in Hall be not compulsory, the full charge is as a rule made as for a dinner eaten. At Balliol, Christ Church, and more rarely elsewhere it is permitted to remove the name, under special circumstances, from the Hall list for the term, but this ex- cludes from the privilege of dining there on any day of that term, or entertaining guests at the strangers' table. Gowns must be worn in Hall, and in some Colleges there is a regu- lation that only black coats shall be permitted at dinner. Slight offences against this rule are usually punished by a sconce, but coats of too striking a pallor may draw down the notice of the High Table in the form of a request that the obnoxious garment may be changed. Hall is a hurried meal, rarely lasting more than thirty or thirty-five minutes ; its object is feeding, and conversation is subject to many restrictions and dis- couragements. (5^^? Sconce. ) Under- graduates usually sit at table in an order depending on seniority; the B.As. and scholars separate from the commoners, and the men of each term sit together. Hall and Hall-Eoughtou Prizes. — These prizes are : i. Two Greek Testament Prizes, (a) £30, after examination in the New Testa- ment, and open to candidates who have completed their eighteenth term, have passed the Examination for the degree of B.A., and are of not more than twenty-eight terms' standing ; (d) £20, after examination in the Gospels and Acts of the Apostles, and open to candidates of not more than eighteen terms' standing. 2. The Septuagint Prizes, (a) £2^, after examination in the Septuagint Version of the Old Testament, in its relation both to the Hebrew Scriptures and to the Greek of the New Testament, and open to can- didates who have completed their eighteenth term, have passed the Examination for the degree of B.A., and who are of not more than twenty- eight terms' standing ; (d) £15, after examination in such Book or Books of the Septuagint Version as the Trustee shall appoint, and open to candidates of not more than eighteen terms' stand- ing. 3. The Syriac Prize, £1^, after examination in the ancient versions of the Holy Scriptures in Syriac, in re- spect of translation, criticism, and interpretation, and open to candidates of not more than twenty-eight terms' standing. All these prizes are awarded in Hilary Term. Halls.— (6' from All Souls' College, in addition to £20^ per annum, the stipend of a Fellow of the College, a nominee of which is always to be a member of the board of electors to the office. The Professor is Montagu Burrows, M.A., Fellow of All Souls'. History (Modern), The Re- gius Professor of, receives from the University Chest a yearly sum of ;^300, together with the emolument of an ordinary Fellowship, and a further sum of ;^400 from Oriel College. The Professor is E. A. Freeman, M.A., D.C.L., Hon. Fellow of Trinity. Hostel.— (6V^ Halls.) Icelandic Literature and Antiquities, The Reader in, lectures twice a week during term time, and twice in those weeks gives informal instruction to those who desire it. His salary is ;^300 a year, and he may demand a fee of not more than £2 a term from those receiving informal 69 HIS— IND instruction. The Reader is Gudbrand Vigfusson, M.A. Incorporation. — Members of the Universities of Cambridge or Dublin, if they have kept as much residence in their own Universities as is required at Oxford, may be received as members of that University at their own standard and degree, under certain conditions, which are thus described in the Oxford University Calendar : * ' Persons apply- ing for incorporation must first have been matriculated in this University, and must before the expiration of twenty- one days in full term after their matricu- lation have transmitted to the Registrar certificates of the date of their matricu- lation in their own University, of due residence, of terms, and, in the case of Graduates, of admission to a degree. An Undergraduate can count no term except one kept by a residence of six weeks. A Graduate must have kept nine terms by a residence of at least the greater part of each of them before he was admitted to his first degree. Graduates- in Divinity incorporating are required to subscribe the Declaration of Assent. Graduates in Law and Medi- cine can be incorporated only upon passing the Examinations in those Faculties respectively, and they must also have passed at their own Universi- ties all the Examinations required for the B.A. degree. No Graduate in any Faculty can be incorporated without the express consent of the Hebdomadal Council." Indian History, Header in, nominated by the Vice- Chancellor and Proctors, the Regius Professor of Modern History, and the Professor of Sanskrit, to hold office (except in the case of the present Reader, who is ap- pointed for life) for seven years. He is required to give lectures and informal instruction in Indian History and Geo- graphy. He receives jfsso annually from the University Chest and certain fees from students. Present Reader, Sidney J. Owen, M.A. Christ Church, elected 1884. IND-JES 70 Indian Institute.— The new building destined for the home of this society is placed at the east end of Broad Street. The Institute is intended as a social and literary club for natives ot India and those otherwise interested in that country. It is hopedthat the holders of the Government Scholarships assigned to natives of India will make the Institute their academic home, and that the Indian civilians in training at the University will do the same. The Committee are also desirous that the instruction and examination of the latter may before long be left entirely to the Institute. The Institute is also to become a centre from which an interest in Indian studies and Indian affairs may spread itself through the University, so that those educated there may im- bibe correct notions about the country. Indian Law, B.eader in, is nominated by the Vice-Chancellor and Proctors, the Professor of Comparative Philology, and the Corpus Professor of Jurisprudence, to hold office for seven years. He is to lecture three times a week for six weeks, or twice a week for eight weeks, in each term, giving papers on the subjects of his lectures to be worked on at home by students, which he is to look over. The lectures are to treat of Indian Law, and the Indian Systems of Land Tenure and Land Revenue. He receives an annual stipend of £300 from the University Chest, and fees from students. Reader, William Markby, M.A. Merton, D.C.L., elected 1878. Institutions.— The principal In- stitutions for the study of Art, Letters, and Antiquities are the Ashmolean Museum, Bodleian Library, Rad- CLiFFE Library, University Gal- leries (and Ruskin Drawing School), and the University Museum, all of which will be found described under their respective heads. Interpretation of Holy Scriptures, Professorship of the. — This, which is called the Oriel Professorship, is to be permanently annexed and united to the Canonry of Rochester Cathedral, heretofore annexed to the Provostship of Oriel College. The Professor must be in Priest's orders of the Church of England, but the Professorship is not tenable with a benefice for the cure of souls. It may be held together with Dean Ireland's Professorship of the Exegesis of Holy Scriptures. The Professorship is vacant. Ireland Scholarships.— Dean Ireland's Scholarships were founded '' for the promotion of Classical Learn- ing and Taste," and one scholar is elected every Hilary Term, from among candidates who are Undergraduate members of the University, and have not exceeded the sixteenth term from matriculation. These Scholarships are worth 3^30 each, and are tenable for four years, conditionally on the scholar keeping by residence two terms in each year. JESUS COLLEGE. Jesus College, Turl Street, opposite Exeter, was founded in 1571 by Dr, Price, treasurer of St. David's, though Queen Elizabeth, who contri- buted to the expense, is more generally recognised in that capacity. Jesus was originally intended for Welshmen, a rule that has been departed from, but is commemorated in some quaint lines in an old pamphlet, two of which run ; Hugo Preesh built this Collesh for Jesus Creesh, and the Welsh geesh, Who love a peesch of toasted cheesh — here it ish. 71 JES— JES In the first quadrangle are the Chapel, Hall, and Library. The Chapel, which was restored in 1864, is on the right. Over the entrance door, carved in stone, is the motto, '' Ascendat oratio, descendat gratia." Beyond a good east window the Chapel has little to detain the visitor. In the Hall is a fine Jacobean screen and a good bay window. On the walls are some portraits; Charles I., by Vandyck ; Charles II.; Sir Leoline Jenkins, Principal of the College at the Restoration, and a conspicuous benefactor; "Nash, the architect, by Sir Thomas Lawrence ; and Queen Ehzabeth, a bust of whom will be found over the mantelpiece. The Library contains some curious Welsh MSS., and in the bursary is an enormous punch-bowl, holding ten gallons, while the ladle carries half a pint. The notable names on the roll of Jesus College include many Bishops of Bangor, Ossory, and Llandaff; Nash, the architect; Dr. James Bandinel, the first Bampton lecturer; and others more or less known to fame. Rev. William Hawker Hughes, M. A. Rev. Frederick Henry de Winton, M.A. David George Ritchie, M.A. John Rhys, M.A. John Rougier Cohu, M.A. Wallace Martin Lindsay, M.A. Edward Ross Wharton, M.A Honorary Fellows. Lewis Morris, M.A. William Boyd Dawkins, M.A. Whitley Stokes, Hon. D.C.L. ADMISSION. The subjects for the Matriculation Examination comprise Latin Prose Com- position, Greek and Latin Grammar, the first two books of Euclid or Algebra, and portions of a Latin or a Greek author. The admission fee is £2 loj-., Caution money ;^20. SCHOLARSHIPS, EXHIBITIONS, ETC. There are twenty-four Foundation Scholarships, four Meyricke Scholar- ships, and one King Charles I.'s Scho- larship. Of these twelve Foundation Scholarships are open without restriction as to place of birth. The King Charles I.'s Scholarship is restricted to candidates born in Jersey or Guernsey or one of the islands adjacent to them, or educated for two out of the three years last preceding the election either at Victoria College, Jersey, or Elizabeth College, Guernsey. The other Scholarships are restricted Visitor. The Earl of Pembroke. Pri7zcipal. Hugo Daniel Harper, D.D., elected in 1877. Junior Bursar. John Griffiths, M.A. Vice-Principal, Lecturer, and Chaplain. Rev. Llewelyn Thomas, M.A. Dean a?id Chaplain. Rev. William Hawker Hughes, M.A. Librarian. David George Ritchie, M.A. Bursar. John Rhys, M.A. Tutors. John Griffiths, M.A. Rev. William Hawker Hughes, M.A. David George Ritchie, M.A. Assistant Tutor and Latin Lectwxr. Edward Ross Wharton, M.A. Lecturer in Theology. Francis Henry Woods, B.D. Lecturer in Law. John Baron Moyle, B.C.L., M.A. Lecturer in Natural Science. Edward Bagnall Poulton, M.A. Fellows. Rev. Thomas Richards Morice, M.A. John Griffiths, M.A. Rev. Llewelyn Thomas, M.A JES-KEB 72 to candidates who are either (i) natives of Wales or Monmouthshire; or (2) sons of parents who have been resident in Wales or Monmouthshire for a period of not less than seven years immediately preceding the day of election ; (3) or have a knowledge of and are able to speak the Welsh language ; or (4) have been edu- cated for the three years last preceding the election (or last preceding their ma- triculation if already members of the University) at a school or schools in Wales or Monmouthshire. The Foundation Scholarships and King Charles I.'s Scholarship are open only to candidates under nineteen years of age ; in the case of the Meyricke Scho- larships there is no such restriction, and all Scholarships are of the annual value of;^8o. There are sixteen Meyricke Exhibi- tions, and two King Charles I.'s Exhibi- tions, under the same restrictions as the Scholarships on the same Foundation and of the annual value of £so each ; the Assheton Smith Exhibition, limited to natives of Carmarthenshire, and the Phillips for a pupil from Llandovery School. Certain other Exhibitions are awarded from time to time to Under- graduate members of the College. FELLOWSHIPS. The total number of Fellowships is not less than ten or more than fourteen. Of these the Official Fellowships are not to exceed six at any time. They are tenable for seven years, and are renew- able for similar periods. The value of Official Fellowships is ;^300 a year each in addition to the emoluments of any office which the Fellow may hold. Under certain circumstances Of&cial Fellows may marry. The value of an ordinary Fellowship is ;^200 per annum. EXPENSES. The tuition fees are £2 1 per annum, and the establishment charges amount to about ;^I3 yearly. Rooms are let furnished from £S to £16 per annum. Degree fees ;^3 is. each. COLOURS. Eight and Torpid : white and green, with Prince of Wales's feathers on the coat. Ordinary: blue, with the Col- lege arms. Johnson Memorial Prize.— This prize, for an Essay on some Astro- nomical or Meteorological subject, is a Gold Medal of the value of ;^io ioj-., together with a sum of money amounting to about £30, and is offered for com- petition among all members of the University once in every four years. Johnson University Scholar. — {See Mathematical Scholar- ships.) Jurisprudence, The Corpus Christi Professor of, is to "lecture and give instruction on the history of laws and the comparative jurisprudence of different nations ; in addition to which he may, if he think fit, treat of the prin- ciples of laws in general, or of any other matters relevant to the subject of his Chair which he may judge to be advis- able." His emolument consists of an ordinary Fellowship at Corpus Christi College, in addition to a stipend, if he be resident, of ;^7C>o per annum, and if iiot, ;^300 per annum. Two represen- tatives of Corpus Christi College are always members of the board of electors to the office. The Professor is Frederick Pollock, M.A., Fellow of Corpus. KEBLE COLLEGE. Keble College is nearly opposite the new University Museum in the Parks and in Keble Road, which runs out of St. Giles's. This, the youngest, and in many respects the most remarkable, of the Oxford Colleges, was erected in 1868-70, in memory of the Rev. John Keble, the author of "The Christian Year." A sum of;^5o,ooo was subscribed for the site and collegiate buildings, and the execution of the work was en- 73 KEB— KEB trusted to Mr. Butterfield. The general intention of the foundation is to provide University education for young men whose means do not enable them to prosecute their studies at the older and more expensive Colleges, and it is supposed to be especially adapted to the requirements of Divinity students, although it is not confined to them. At the same time it is stated in a somewhat deprecatory manner, that " it is not to be in any invidious sense a poor man's College, though it will be possible to live there on a smaller income than elsewhere.'' The present buildings are only a portion of the scheme intended to be carried out, and, as Keble has already become very popular, it is probable that the proposed extensions will not be long delayed. The style of architecture adopted is that Decorated Gothic of the thirteenth century which involves lavish use of many-coloured bricks and stone dressings. Opinions vary greatly as to the general effects attained, but there can be no doubt that a certain restless and uneasy feeling is produced upon the spectator by the want of repose and tone inseparable from this peculiar style of colouring. And if this feeling is produced by the exterior of the buildings, it is intensified a thousandfold in the interior of the Chapel. In this magnificent building, which was erected at the cost of W. Gibbs, Esq., of Tyntesfield, near Bristol, and is crowded with mosaic and other decorations of the most elaborate kind, there is actually — it is not too much to say — no single point to which the eye can turn for relief or calm. The mosaics, according to the explana- tion on a tablet in the vestibule, are intended to illustrate "after the manner of * The Christian Year,' " the successive dealings of God with His Church, Patriarchal, Jewish, and Christian. The Chapel is open from lo to noon, and from 2 to 4 in winter, and from 2 to 5.30 in summer. It is always closed between noon and 2 o'clock. The Chapel attendant is strictly forbidden to receive gratuities. The Hall is a handsomely proportioned building, in strict consonance with the rest of the College, and in the Library hangs Holman Hunt's famous picture, " The Light of the World." Visitor. Tutors. The Archbishop of Canterbury. rev. Walter Lock, M.A. Warden. Frederick William Spurling, M.A. Rev. Edward Stuart Talbot, M.A. Rev. Aubrey Lackington Moore, M.A. S ub- Warden ajid Librarian. Edward Bagnall Poulton, M.A. Rev. Walter Lock, M.A. rev. W. J. Heathcote Campion, M.A. Bursar. rev. George William Gent, M.A. Henry Offley Wakeman, M.A. Henry Offley Wakeman, M.A. Dean. Rev. George William Gent, M.A. Council. Lecturer in Law. Earl Beauchamp, M.A. John Charles Wilson, M.A., B.C.L. Viscount Cranbrook, M.A. Lecturer in Natural Science. John A. Shaw Stewart, M.A. Sir John Conroy, Bart., M.A. William Bright, D.D. Lecturer in Moder?i History. Henry Parry Liddon, D.D. Dudley Julius Medley, B.A. Rev. Peter Goldsmith Medd, M.A. Precentor. Henry Hucks Gibbs, M.A. Charles Harford Lloyd, Mus. Bac. Right Rev. Edward King, D.D. (1871), M.A. (1875). Hon. Charles Lindley Wood, M.A. KEB— LAT 74 Frederic Bulley, D.D. Lt.-Col. the Hon. William Edward Sackville West, M.A. Rev. Richard Temple West, M.A. ADMISSION. The Examination is held in October, and the subjects are, the Hecuba and Medea of Euripides, or the Ajax and Electra of Sophocles ; the Georgics or the first three books of the Odes of Horace with the Ars Poetica ; the first two books of Euclid or Algebra ; Arithmetic, Greek and Latin Grammar, Latin Prose, and easy passages of Greek and Latin not previously pre- pared. Except as to the two last subjects, candidates who have passed Examinations exempting from Respon- sions, are also exempt from this Ex- amination. No fees are required. SCHOLARSHIPS, EXHIBITIONS, ETC. Four or more Scholarships of the annual value of from £60 to /^8o are awarded annually after Competitive Examination, and are practically open, except that candidates must be members of the Church of England, and below nineteen years of age. In a few cases the limit is twenty years. Of these Scholarships, two at least are given for Classics, one for Modern History, and one either for Natural Science or Mathe- matics. The Examination is generally held at the beginning of the Easter vacation. EXPENSES. An annual charge of £82, payable in equal instalments at the beginning of each term, covers rent, board, tuition, and all necessary expenses except wash- ing, lights, and beer. Extras are pro- vided according to the College tariff, and the maximum of the terminal account for such matters is fixed at ^1^5. A fee of los. is charged for each degree. COLOURS. The Eight wear a white coat and jersey, trimmed with red and .blue. The ordinary uniform is a blue coat, trimmed with red and white cord, and straw hat with blue ribbon, with narrow^ stripes of white and red. Kennicott Hebrew Scliolar- ship. — To this Scholarship, which is worth about ;^i5o, and is tenable for one year — subject to certain conditions of residence, amounting in all to twenty- one weeks in the year — the election takes place in Trinity Term. Candidates must have passed the Examination for the degree of Bachelor of Arts, and must not have exceeded twenty-eight terms from matriculation. Lady Margaret Hall.— Lady Margaret Hall and Somerville Hall pro- vide for ladies advanced educational op- portunities. At Lady Margaret, or Lady's Hall, the expense is about £7$ per annum, in addition to about ;^I5 per annum fees for instruction. Two Exhi- bitions were lately awarded — one of ;!f 35 a year for two years, and one of ;^25 for three years. At Somerville Plall, ;^2i per term of eight weeks is charged for board and lodging; £6^ for the whole year of three terms, which gene- rally correspond to those of University residence. There is an extra charge of ;^2 2s. for rooms in the new wing. The lecture fees will amount to about £1^ extra. One or more Exhibitions are annually offered for competition. Full particulars in regard to these novel and useful institutions may be obtained as to Lady Margaret Hall, from Miss Wordsworth, the princi- pal, the Hon. Mrs. Talbot, Keble College, or Mrs. A. H. Johnson, 22, Norham Gardens, Oxford; and as to Somerville Hall, from the secretaries, the Hon. Mrs. Harcourt, Cowley Grange, Oxford, and Mrs. T. H. Ward, 5, Brad- more-road, Oxford, or the Principal, Miss M. Shaw Lefevre. Lampeter. St. David's Col- lege.— {See Affiliated Colleges.) Latin Language and Litera- ture, The Corpus Christi Pro- fessor of, is to lecture and give in- struction on the History and Criticism of the Latin Language and Literature, and on the works of Classical Latin authors. His emolument is, in addition to an ordinary Fellowship of Corpus Christi College, "a stipend of ;^7oo per annum, until the bequest of the late Professor John Conington for the endowment of his Chair is received," and then **such annual stipend as will, with the annual sum arising from that bequest, amount to £700." Two representatives of Corpus Christi College are always mem- bers of the board of electors to the office. The Professor is Henry Nettle- ship, M.A., Fellow of Corpus. Iiatin laiterature, The SiOader in, lectures twice a week during term time, and twice in those weeks gives informal instruction. His salaiy is £300 a year, and he may de- mand a fee of not more than £2 a term from those receiving informal in- struction. The Reader is Robinson Ellis, M.A., Fellow of Trinity. Ziaw. — The Chancellor has juris- diction in almost all cases in which scholars or privileged persons residing within the precinct of the University are parties. His Court is held every Friday morning during term, by the Vice- Chancellor, in the Apodyterium of the Convocation House, the two Proctors sitting, if they please, as his assessors. He also appoints some Doctor or Bachelor of Civil Law to sit with him as assessor, and to act as judge for him in his absence, with an annual stipend of ;^40. Proctors in the Vice-Chan- cellor's Court, who must be Masters of Arts or Bachelors of Civil Law, or else either barristers or solicitors, are appointed and admitted by the Vice- Chancellor to practise in the Court. The University solicitor is Frederic Parker Morrell, M.A., St. John's. Law (Civil), Degrees in.— Candidates for the degree of Bachelor of Civil Law must have been admitted to the degree of Bachelor of Arts, and must have had their names on the book -of a College or Hall, or on the Register of Non-Collegiate Students, for twenty- 75 LAT— LAW six terms. The Examination is held in Trinity Term. The names of candidates must be given, with certificates of ma- triculation and of admission to the degree of B.A., to the Superior Bedel of the Faculty of Law seven days before the Examination, when payment of a fee of 3(^1 is also required. The general sub- jects of the Examination are Jurispru- dence (General or Comparative), Roman Law, English Law, and International Law, and notice must be given to the Regius Professor of Civil Law, four weeks at least before the first day of Trinity Term, of the particular subdi- visions of those subjects which the candidate offers. The fee payable on taking the degree is £(i \os. Bachelors of Civil Law are, after five years, eligible for the degree of Doctor of Civil Law, and a candidate for the degree of D.C.L. is required to read publicly within the precincts of the schools a dissertation composed by himself on some subject pertaining to Civil Law approved by the Professor, and must deliver to him a copy of it. The fee payable to the University on taking the degree of D.C.L. is £40. Law (Civil), The Regius Pro- fessor of, lectures and gives instmc- tion in Roman Law, its Principles and History. He is entitled, according to the Statute of 1882, " to the emoluments now assigned to the Professor (exclusive of any temporary payment, which by any Statute in force at the time when this Statute comes into operation may be provided for the Professor from the University Chest)," as well as to such a sum from All Souls' College as shall amount, together with what he shall receive in respect of his Professor- ship from other sources, to ;£"7oo. In addition to this he receives ;^200 per annum as the emolument of a Fellow of the College. The Professor is James Bryce, D.C.L., Fellow of Oriel. Law (English), The Header in, lectures twice a week during term LAW— LIB 76 time, and twice in those weeks gives informal instruction to those who desire it. His salary is ;^3oo a year, and he may demand a fee of not more than £2. a term from those receiving informal instruction. The Reader is Thomas Raleigh, M.A., All Souls'. Law (Englisli),The Vinerian Professor of, "shall receive the annual proceeds of the trust estate of Mr. Viner's Foundation remaining after payment of the statutory emoluments of the scholars of that Foundation," and is also entitled to such a sum as will make his income, including his receipts from the Vinerian Foundation, ^/JOQ per annum from All Souls' College, a repre- sentative of which is always a mem- ber of the board of electors to the office. In addition the Professor receives an annual sum of ;^200 as a Fellow of the College. The Professor is Albert Venn Dicey, M.A., B.C.L., Fellow of All Souls'. Law (International), The Chichele Professor of, is to lecture and give instruction on Public and Private International Law, including, as a part of Public International Law, the history and obligation of Treaties. His emolument is an annual sum of ;^700 from All Souls' College, in ad- dition to £100 per annum, the stipend of a Fellow of the College. A nominee of the Warden and Fellows of All Souls' College is always on the board of electors to the office. The Professor is Thomas Erskine Holland, D.C.L., Fellow of All Souls'. Law (Roman), Reader in.— The Statutes approved in 1882 provide that ** until the Regius Professorship of Civil Law shall fall vacant, or until the existing Regius Professor shall by his own consent become subject to any Statutes for the futureregulation of that Professor- ship and the duties of the Professor, which may be made by the University of Oxford Commissioners, a Reader in Roman Law shall be appointed from time to time for successive periods of three years. " He is required to reside within the precincts of the University for six months in each year, between the loth of October and the ist of July, and to lecture twice a week during seven weeks of each term, Easter and I'rinity Terms being counted as one. He is also to give private instruction to students attending his lectures. His remunera- tion is a sum of £4CK) a year from All Souls' College, a nominee of which is always to be a member of the board of electors to the office. The Reader is Erwin Grueber, Jur. Doc. Un. of Munich, M.A. Lawn Tennis.— The University Lawn Tennis Club has its grounds at the end of Norham Gardens, to the north-east of the Parks. The entrance fee is £2^ and the terminal subscrip- tion IOJ-. Only Undergraduates are eligible as members, on being proposed and seconded in the usual form. The Inter- University match on the All England Lawn Tennis Ground at Wimbledon in June, 1885, again resulted in the complete success of the Cam- bridge men, who won in both the four and the single-handed games. The Oxford players were : H. Pease, J. Foreman, H. Grove, T. M. Burton, T. R. Gray, and H. Emmons. Lenten University Sermon. — On one of the afternoons in Lent a Sermon, for which there is a special benefaction, is preached in St. Mary's, upon the Jewish interpretation of Prophecy. Libraries. — In addition to the Libraries belonging to individual Col- leges, the principal Libraries at Ox- ford are the famous Bodleian; the Rad- cliffe, principally devoted to Physical Science ; and the Taylorian, the specialty of which is Foreign Literature. All these institutions will be found described under their proper heads. 77 LIN— LIN LINCOLN COLLEGE. L'lNCOLN College, Turl Street, next to Exeter and opposite to Jesus, was founded in 1427 by Richard Flemyng, Bishop of Lincoln. The south quadrangle was added by Bishop Rotherham in 1479. The entrance from Turl Street is by a tower gateway with groined roof, and to the east of the first quadrangle is the Hall, the exterior of which remains nearly in its pristine state ; the interior was remodelled in 1701. The Chapel was built in 1629 by Archbishop Williams. It is wainscoted with cedar, and the heavy roof and screen are of the same wood. The seats are surmounted by a number of carved figures which are said to be the work of GrinUng Gibbons. There is some remarkable stained glass in the windows, of which that in the east is particularly fine. The glass was brought from Italy by Archbishop Williams, and is said to be at least 500 years old. It appears from the date (i 631) on the glass itself to have been placed in the Chapel at that date. In the inner quadrangle is a luxuriant vine, said to be cultivated in consequence of the heart of Bishop Rotherham having been so touched by a sermon preached by Dr. Tristoppe, the rector, from the text, '^ Behold and visit this vine," that he was moved to build the second quadrangle. One of the principal names associated with Lincoln is that of John Wesley, who was a Fellow of Lincoln in 1726. Visitor. The Bishop of Lincoln. Rector. Rev. William Walter Merry, M.A., elected 1884. Domestic Bursar. Samuel Alexander, M.A. Estates Bursar. John Lancaster Gough Mow at, M.A. Sub-Rector and Librarian. William Warde Fowler, M.A. Chaplain and Dean of Degrees. Rev. Andrew Clark, M.A. Tutors. Rev. Andrew Clark, M.A. William Warde Fowler, M.A. Lecturers {hi common with Oriel College). J. C. Wilson, M.A. {Philosophical). Rev. W. W. Merry, M.A. {Classical). Rev. J. R. King, M.A. {Classical). Rev. a. G. Butler, M.A. {Classical). W. W. Fowler, M.A. {Historical). Rev. F. H. Hall, M.A. {Historical). Richard Lodge, M.A. {Historical). E. A. Whittuck, M.A. {Jurisprudence). Rev. Andrew Clark, M.A. {Logic). Rev. R. H. Charsley, M.A. {Mathe- matical). Fellows. Washbourne West, B.D. Hugh Edward Pigott Platt, M.A. William Warde Fowler, M.A. Nathan Bodington, M.A. Rev. Andrew Clark, M.A. Samuel Alexander, B.A. John Edward King, M.A. William James Ashley, M.A. ADMISSION. The Examinations are held at the beginning of each term, and the sub- jects are : Latin Prose Composition ; unprepared Translations ; a portion of some Greek author and a portion of some Latin author, such as are required in Responsions ; the first two books of Euclid, or Algebra to Simple Equations inclusive, and Arithmetic. Candidates holding certificates of the Oxford and Cambridge Joint Board, or of having passed an Examination accepted in lieu of Responsions, are excused this Exami- nation. Admission fee £2> 3-^-» Caution money £30, of which £10 is returnable on taking the B.A. degree, and ;^io on taking the M.A. degree, and the balance on removal of the name from the College books. EXHIBITIONS, SCHOLARSHIPS, ETC. There are at present twelve Scholar- ships open without limitation of age, of the annual value of from £60 to £80, LIN— LON 78 and tenable for four years. Under the same conditions are the* Matthews and Radford Scholarships. The Tatham Scholarship is awarded by preference to persons born or educated in the county of Bucks. To two other Scholarships the Rector nominates. FELLOWSHIPS. The Fellowships are ten in number, and worth about ;!f300 per annum. Holy Orders are obligatory within ten years from admission, except on the two Senior Lay Fellows. Except in the cases of the holders of the College livings of All Saints' and St. Michael's in Oxford, Fellowships are vacated by marriage. EXPENSES. Tuition fees, £21 a year during resi- dence in Oxford. College charges, jf 3 per term. Room-rent from £10 to j^'15 a year, furniture at a valuation. Degree fees, £^ 4>s". each. COLOURS. Light blue and dark blue. The Eight wear a dark blue jersey with white stripes, dark blue coat with light blue edgings, and a mitre embroidered on the breast ; hat-ribbon, dark blue edged with light blue. Torpid : the same without the mitre. Ordinary uniform : blue coat with mitre on breast. laocal Examinations.— Dele- gates are appointed by the University to conduct Examinations where there is effective demand for them, for youths or women, the standards of examination being graduated with reference to age, and pass certificates in the several divisions, with Honour Certificates in separate subjects, awarded to those deserving of them. The Examinations are held simultaneously in all centres to which Examiners have been assigned. The expenses of the Examination must be guaranteed by the applicants for the privilege. The Secretary to the Delegates is Mr. George E. Baker, M.A., of Magdalen College. Lodgings. — Licensed Lodgings, of which a list is issued terminally by the Delegates of Lodging Houses, must lie within a circle of a mile and a half radius round Carfax Church. The rooms vary much in price, those in the High Street being naturally the most ex- pensive, while the cheapest, and by no means the least comfortable and cleanly, are to be found in the newer portions of the town between Walton Street and the Woodstock Road. {See articles on Reading and Expenses.) Logic, The Wykeham Pro- fessor of, is to lecture and give instruction on the principles of Logic, and its connection with Mental Philo- sophy, the Laws of Evidence, and Natural Science. He is to receive from the University Chest a yearly sum of ;^400, and also from New College the emolument of an ordinary Fellow- ship and an annual sum of ;!^300. The Warden of New College is always a member of the board of electors to the office. The Professor is Thomas Fowler, M.A., President of Corpus. Long Vacation ii — Oxford in the Long Vacation falls into a long torpor, so far as University life is concerned. By the end of June few members of the College will be left there, save the Examiners and such Undergraduates as pass through for their viva voce. There is none of the systematic reading which goes on at Cambridge in the corresponding period, the Parks are deserted, and the river is almost aban- doned to the Town Rowing Clubs and the College servants. But residence in the town during the Long Vacation, for those who have friends among the stationary population, is most enjoy- able. Undergraduates whose homes are elsewhere are expected to obtain leave from the Proctors to lodge in Oxford out of term time, which will be in most cases readily granted, while for a visit of a night or a few days only this medieval regulation may be safely ignored. Plenty of lawn tennis, cricket, and boating and picnicking excursions are among the relaxations of resident Undergraduates in the Long, and at no time of year are the river and the country more attractive. 79 MAG— MAG MAGDALEN COLLEGE. Sx Mary Magdalen College, at the end of High Street, was founded in '456 by William of Waynflete, Bishop of Winchester, on the site of an mcient hospital of St. John the Baptist, which afforded rest and refreshment to the pilgrims to the shrine of St. Frideswide. The pilgrims' wicket is still recognisable by persons who possess faith and a lively imagination. The foundation-stone of the new College was laid in 1474. If c>ny one thing can be said to be the best in such a wonderful collection of combined architectural and natural beauties as is presented by Oxford, Magdalen College has certainly the right to the first place. Its situation is perfect, its buildings are most beautiful and interesting, and among all the spires of Oxford there is not one so graceful as the tower of Magdalen. The College is entered by a small door at the right of a gateway, designed by Pugin as late as 1844, and the condition to which the stone has been reduced in thirty-five years is conclusive proof, if proof were needed, of the unfitness for its purpose of the material generally selected for the buildings in the University. Opposite the entrance is the west window of the Chapel, and in the south-west corner is a stone pulpit, from which, on St. John the Baptist's Day, a sermon was preached, the court being decorated with boughs and rushes to represent the wilderness. On the opposite side of the court, in the gate-house, is the grand oriel window of what is known as the Founder's Chamber. On the left of the court are the President's apartments. From the small court near the stone pulpit is a very good view of the tower. The principal quadrangle is of the time of the founder, and is one of the few cloistered quads in Oxford. Above the cloisters are a number of grotesque figures of sandstone, which were erected in honour of a visit of James I., and are in the maddest style of emblematical art. Some idea of the peculiar notions of the sculptor may be gleaned from the fact that the figure of a hippopotamus, carrying his young upon his shoulders, is supposed to be the " emblem of a good tutor or fellow of a College, who is set to watch over the youth of a society, and by whose prudence they are to be led through the dangers of their first entrance into the world." The strange wild fowl, by which the artist has endeavoured to represent sins and vices, defy description. To the north of the great quadrangle is the new building erected in 1733, and remarkable for the ingenuity of the architect in designing a building which should be in all respects out of keeping with the ancient and beautiful portions of the College. There is some compensation in the gardens, and the water-walk along the Cherwell, just beyond the gardens, is most beautiful. The walk to the left is named after Addison. The Hall is remarkable for its oak wainscot, and contains portraits of many distinguished men, alumni or benefactors of Magdalen, among others the founder ; Cardinal Wolsey, who built the tower ; Cardinal Pole; Dean Colet ; Prince Rupert; Dr. Sacheverell ; Dr. Hammond; and Addison. The Chapel has an entrance in the first court, and in the archway leading to the first quadrangle. It is open daily from 11 to 12.30. MAG— MAG 80 The ante-chapel contains some brasses, one of W. Grey, 1605 ; above this is a tomb with bust of W. Langton, 1626 ; and on the opposite 5ide is a similar monument, with the date 1589. It is, however, owing to the dark colouring of the great west window, difficult to discern objects in the ante-chapel with any degree of accuracy. The Chapel itself is remark- able for its elaborate carved stalls and sconces. The altar and the stone screen of the organ should be observed. Before the altar is a nodern brass to the memory of Dr. Routh, late President, who died in his hundredth year. On the north of the altar is a small oratory, with groined roof, in which is the tomb of the founder's father, Richard Patten, removed from Waynflete. It is an altar tomb with recumbent figure, at the head of which sits the diminutive effigy supposed to be that of the founder himself. At 5 o'clock on May morning the choristers of the College ascend the tower and sing a Latin hymn. In addition to the names mentioned above, those of Professor Wilson, John Hampden, Gibbon, and Charles Reade are intimately associated with Magdalen College. Attached to the College is Magdalen School, also founded by William of Waynflete. Boys, not being choristers of the College, are admitted between the ages of nine and fifteen, after passing a preliminary Examina- tion. The total ordinary fixed payment for day boys is £i\ 45-. dd. per annum, or ^7 \s. 6d. per term. Extra subjects are not obligatory. Sixteen choristers of Magdalen College are educated at the school, with free board, lodging, and instruction in ordinary subjects. Their school subscriptions and weekly allowance are fixed at ^3 3^". a year. The charge for boarders, with the head and other masters, is fixed at ^94 los. per annum, exclusive of tuition fee, but including weekly allowance and general subscriptions, such as cricket, boating, etc. There is a Head Master's Exhibition of ^30 per annum for three years, tenable at either University if the holder obtain an Open Scholarship or Exhibition. Ten Exhibitions of ^22 is. a year each are given in the school. Visilor. Junior Bursar. The Bishop of Winchester. Rev. Harman Chaloner Ogle, M.A. Preside7it. Waynflete Professor of Moral a?td Meta- Vacant (September, 1885). „ physical Philosophy. : ^' Henry William Chandler, M.A. Vice-President and Librarian. ,^^ n . r^ r r ^7 Rev. Henry Austin Wilson, M.A. „, Waynflete Professor of Chemistry. William Odling, M.A. Senior Dean of Arts. Waynflete Professor of Physiology. Thomas Herbert Warren, M.A. ^^^^ gcoTT BuRDON-SANDERsoNf'M.A. Junior Dean of Arts. Sherardian Professor of Botany. George Edward Underhill, M.A. Isaac Bayley Balfour, M.A. Dean of Divinity. Fellows. Rev. Henry Ramsden Bramley, M.A. Rev. John Fisher, D.D. Home Bursar. g^^' GEORGE Theophilus Cooke, B. D. ■^ T-, „ ^, . Rev. John Rigaud, B.D. Frederic Pocock Bolley, M.A. ^^^ \^ E. Fowler Garnsey. B.D. Estates Bursar. Rev. Llewellyn Meyrick, M.A. George Edward Baker, M.A. Rev. Henry Hansell, M.A. Edvard M ANSEL Miller, M.A. REGiNALD Bird, M.A. Rev. Henry Ramsden Bramley, M.A. Rev. Harman Chaloner Ogle, M.A. Rev. Walter Lock, M.A. Charles John Francis Yule, M.A. Rev. "William Augustus Brevoort coolidge, m.a. Rev. Henry Austin Wilson, M.A. Thomas Herbert Warren, M.A. Rev. Thomas Robert Terry, M.A. Rev. Thomas Field, M.A. George Edward Underhill, M.A. John Andrew Hamilton, M.A. John Scott Burdon-Sanderson, M.A. Edward Chapman, M.A. Alfred Denis Godley, M.A. Isaac Bayley Balfour, M.A. Honorary Fellows. Earl of Selborne, M.A. John Obadiah West wood, M.A. ADMISSION. The Examinations take place at the end of each term and at the beginning of Michaelmas Term, the subjects being the same as those required at Responsions. There is no admission fee, and Found- ationers pay no Caution money, which in the case of commoners is £40, return- able either upon taking the degree of B.A., or the removal of the name from the College books. SCHOLARSHIPS, EXHIBITIONS, ETC. The Scholarships at Magdalen are called Demyships — eight Seniors, of the value of ;^ioo per annum each, open to members of the University who have passed all the Examinations required for the degree of B.A., and thirty Juniors, the annual value of the latter being ;^8o each. The Examination for Demyships takes place in the week after the Encaenia. FELLOWSHIPS. Under ihe present Statutes the number of Fellowships is to be not less than thirty or more than forty. Of these Fellowships, four are attached to the four Waynflete Professors in the Univer- sity, one to the Professorship of Botany, and one to the Professorship of Mine- ralogy. The Fellowships are divided 81 MAG— MAT into Ordinary and Official, the latter not exceeding eleven in number. The yearly emoluments of an Official Fellow holding a Tutorship amount to jf 300, in addition to a payment from the Tuition Fund. Official Fellows holding any other office receive £2^ Unattached Students.) Nottingham University Col- lege. — {See Affiliated Colleges.) Omnibuses.— Conveyances of this nature, though somewhat cut out of their occupation by the institution of the tram-cars, still run between the principal Hotels— " The Mitre," "The Clarendon," and "The Randolph" — and the Railway Stations, to meet the principal trains. ORIEL COLLEGE. Oriel College, opposite Corpus and the Canterbury Quadrangle entrance to Christ Church, was founded by Adam de Brome in 1324, and reconsti- tuted by Edward II. in 1326. The origin of the name is very doubtful. It is said that the building which originally stood here was a monastery of Le Oriole, but it does not seem that the authority for this statement is to be relied on. The buildings of Oriel are not so remarkable as those of many other Colleges, but are very picturesque, and present an appearance of greater age than they can in fact lay claim to. Entering from Oriel Street, the Chapel and Hall are on the opposite side of the quadrangle. In the centre of the block of buildings stand three statues, of Edward II., Edward III., and the Virgin Mary. The Chapel is plain, and there is ORI— ORI 90 little of interest in the Hall except its excellent roof and a few portraits. The College possesses, among other rare plate, a cup of Edward II., and one of Bishop Carpenter, 1476. The common room contains a picture by Vasari, but is most interesting from its associations connected with the days of the early activity of such men as John Henry Newman, Keble, Arnold, Wilberforce, and Pusey. Oriel also claims the following cele- brated men : Bishop Butler, author of the " Analogy of Religion ; " Sir Walter Raleigh ; and Gilbert White, author of the " Natural History of Selborne." The Library has been rebuilt, and is of comparatively modern date (1788). Indeed, none of the buildings are older than 1620. Edward Poste, M.A. Henry Parker, M.A. Rev. Arthur Gray Butler, M.A. James Bryce, D.C.L. Charles Lancelot Shadwell, M.A. William James Lewis, M.A. Rev. Francis Henry Hall, M.A. Rev. John Richard King, M.A. John Cook Wilson, M.A. Rev. Lancelot Ridley Phelps, M.A. Francis Charles Montague, B.A. Edward Augustus Freeman, M.A., Hon. D.C.L. Honorajy Fellows. Right Rev. James Eraser, D.D. GOLDWIN Smith, M.A., Hon. D.C.L. Very Rev. Richard William Church, M.A.,Hon. D.C.L. Right Hon. George Joachim Goschen, M.A., Hon. D.C.L. RobertSamuel Wright, M. A., B.C. L. Visitor. The Queen. Provost. David Binning Monro, elected in 1882. Dean. Rev. Francis Henry Hall, M.A. Sub-Dean and Librarian. John Cook Wilson, M.A. Treasurer. Charles Lancelot Shadwell, M.A. Regizis Professor of Modern History. Edward Augustus Freeman, M.A., Hon. D.C.L. Oriel Professor of the Interpretation of Holy Scripture. Vacant. Tutors. Rev. Arthur Gray Butler, M.A. Rev. Francis Henry Hall, M.A. Rev. John Richard King, M.A. John Cook Wilson, M.A. Lecturer. Rev. Lancelot Ridley Phelps, M.A. Lecturers {in co?nmon with Lincoln College). J. C. Wilson, M.A. {Philosophical). Rev. J. R. King, M.A. {Classical). Rev. W. W. Merry, M.A. {Classical). Rev. a. G. Butler, M.A. {Classical). W. W. Fowler, M.A. {Historical). Rev. F. H. Hall, M.A. {Historical). Richard Lodge, M.A. {Historical). Edward Arthur Whittuck, M.A. {Jurisprudence). Rev. Andrew Clark, M.A. {Logic). Rev. Robert Hervey Charsley, M.A. {Mathematical). Other Lecturers. F. H. Woods, B.D. {Divinity). Rev. Lancelot Ridley Phelps, M.A. [Political Economy). Fellows. Drummond Percy Chase, D.D. ADMISSION. An Examination is held in every term, the subjects being the same as are re- quired for Responsions, together with translation papers from Greek and Latin authors. The admission fee is ;^5 ; and the Caution money for scholars, exhi- bitioners, and clerks, jfio, and for commoners, £2,0, returnable on removal of name from College books. SCHOLARSHIPS, EXHIBITIONS, ETC. There are ten Scholarships, open to persons under the age of nineteen, of the annual value of £2>o each, and four Exhibitions, known as Adam de Brome's, of a like value, and confined to those who have need of support at the Uni- versity. These Scholarships and Ex- hibitions are tenable for four years, which may be extended to a further term of one year. In addition to these are three Robinson Exhibitions, tenable for three years, and worth about £s8 per annum, open to all members of the College ; four Beaufort Exhibitions, tenable for seven years, of the annual value of £2^ each, and restricted to norninees of the Duke of Beaufort, or to natives of Gloucestershire, Monmouth- shire, and Glamorganshire ; two Ireland Exhibitions, of the annual value of ;^30 each; and two Bible Clerkships for persons in need of assistance at the University, of the annual value of ^100 each, and tenable for three or four years from matriculation. The Hughes Scholarships, of about £70 per annum, are open to members and sons of members of certain co-operative societies. The next Scholarship Examination will begin on January 12, 1886. FELLOWSHIPS. These are divided into Ordinary and Tutorial, the former not to exceed nine, and the latter five, in number. In addition to the emolument of an Ordinary Fellow, a Tutorial Fellow receives a sum of not less than ;^i5o a year, rising to a maximum of ;^6oo. They are appointed for a period not exceeding fifteen years, with power of extension, and under certain circum- stances are permitted to marry. EXPENSES. The tuition fees are ;,f2i per annum ; College charges, for residents in College ;^22, and for residents out of College £7 los. per annum ; the average annual room-rent is £1 1. Furniture to be taken 9' ORI— PE^t at a valuation. The degree fees are i B. A., ^4 2s. 6d, ; and M.A., £S is. COLOURS. The Eight wear a white jersey and coat, trimmed with three blue stripes, white straw hat, with ribbon of two- white stripes on a blue ground. Ordi- nary uniform: blue, with College arms. Oriel Professorship.— (^^^ In- terpretation OF Holy Scriptures Professorship.) Parliamentary Constitu- ency. — The electoral body for the return of the two University Members to Parliament consists of the whole House of Convocation, who may re- cord their votes either in person or by duly attested proxy. The present Burgesses representing the University are: Right Hon. Sir John Robert Mowbray, M.A., Hon. D.C.L., Hon. Student of Christ Church, Hon. Fellow of Hertford ; John Gilbert Talbot, M. A. Christ Church, Hon. D.C.L. Pastoral Theology, Kegius Professor of, is to reside in the University for six months in the aca- demical year, to lecture six weeks in every term, three times in the week, giving due preliminary notice of the course. He is required by Statute to- hold catechetical lectures for classes of limited numbers. A Canonry of Christ Church is annexed to this Professorship,, which is filled by Rev. F. Paget, M.A. Peckwater.— (5V^ Christ Church.) PEMBROKE COLLEGE. Pembroke College, founded in 1624 by Richard Wightwick and named after the then Chancellor of the University, in St. Aldate Street, is entered by a very fine gateway, with a handsome oriel. It consists of two quad- rangles. The Hall, which was built in 1848, has a good roof. The founder's arms decorate the windows, and on the walls are a few portraits, in- cluding Charles I. ; Queen Anne ; and Dr. Johnson, who was a servitor of the College, by Sir Joshua. The Chapel is a plain, unpretentious building of no interest, architectural or otherwise. In the Library is a bust of Johnson by Bacon^ and a few of his College exercises are here PEM— PEM 92 treasured. The College possesses a small collection of plate, including some seventeenth century cups and a handsome chalice. Bishop Bonner; George Whitefield ; Pym, the patriot; Camden, the historian ; and Sir Thomas Browne, of the " Religio Medici ;" were educated at Pembroke. the annual value of £80 each inclusive ; and there are two other Open Scholar- ships of the annual value of /■115 and £go respectively. There are also a number of Scholarships, varying in yearly value from £60 to £80, and re- stricted to certain schools. There are two Exhibitions, value ;^5o a year each, restricted to natives of the Channel Islands and scholars from Victoria College, Jersey, and Elizabeth College, Guernsey ; and other Exhibi- tions given to members of the College who may need assistance in the prose- cution of their studies. The Examina- tion for open Scholarships will be held in June or July, 1886. FELLOWSHIPS. Fellowships are not to be fewer than three Ordinary, or more than five Tutorial. The emoluments of the latter, which are tenable for ten years, and renewable for similar periods, are, in addition to the payment of an Ordinary Fellow, £50 per annum from the Cor- porate Revenue, and a varying payment from the Tuition Fund. A Tutorial Fellowship is vacated by marriage* Two of the Fellows are called Shep- pard Fellows, and of these one must be called to the Bar, and the other proceed to the degree of D.M. EXPENSES. The tuition fee is;^23 annually for all residents, until the B.A. degree is taken. Residents in College pay about ;^2i per annum for College dues and charges, and the annual room-rent varies from eight to sixteen guineas. Degree fees, B. A., ^7; M.A., £5. COLOURS. Eight : black and white straw hat with cerise ribbon, white coat with cerise binding and a rose on the breast ; white jersey trimmed with cerise, white, Visitor. The Chancellor of the University. Afaster. Evan Evans, D.D., elected in 1864. Vice-gereni. Rev. Bartholomew Price, M.A. Senior Dean and Chaplain, Rev. R. G. Livingstone, M.A. Junior Dean. Alfred Thomas Barton, M.A. Senior Bursar. John L. G. Mowat, M.A. Junior Bursar. Charles Leudesdorf, M.A. Mathematical Lecturer. Charles Leudesdorf, M.A. Classical Lecturer. George Wood, M.A. Divinity Lecturer. Rev. Douglas Macleane, M.A. Lecturer. Rev. Arthur Henry Johnson, M.A., All Souls' College. Tutors. Alfred Thomas Barton, M.A. Rev. R. G. Livingstone, M.A. Fellows. Rev. Bartholomew Price, M.A. Henry William Chandler, M.A. Alfred Thomas Barton, M.A. 'Rev. R. G. Livingstone, M.A. John L. G. Mowat, M.A. Charles Leudesdorf, M.A. George Wood, M.A. Charles W. M. Moullin, D.M. Rev. Douglas Macleane, M.A. Thomas Frederick Tout, M.A. Honorary Fellow. Right Rev. John Mitchinson, D.C.L. ADMISSION. The Examination is held two days before the beginning of term, the sub- jects being the same as those required for Responsions. The admission fee is;^5, and Caution money £30, return- able on taking the M.A. degree. SCHOLARSHIPS, EXHIBITIONS, ETC. There are eight Open Scholarships of and blue. Ordinary uniform : blue coat with cerise and white cord binding. Philology (Coniparative),The Corpus Ohristi Professor of, is to lecture and give instruction on the history and Comparative Philology of different languages. He is entitled to a stipend of ^£"700 per annum, in addi- tion to the emoluments of an Ordinary Fellowship, from Corpus Christi College, a member of which is always on the board of electors to the office. The Professor is F. Max Miiller, M.A., Fellow of All Souls'; Deputy-Professor, Archibald Henry Sayce, M.A., Fellow of Queen's. Philosophy (Experimental), The Professor of, *' shall lecture and give instruction on some part or parts of Experimental Philosophy, com- prehending under that designation the mechanics of solid and fluid bodies, sound, light, heat, electricity, and magnetism." He shall be entitled, from various sources, including annual payments from Wadham College and , the University Chest, to an annual sum, exclusive of fees, of not less than £500 per annum, which amount, "when in the judgment of the University its revenue shall be sufficient, is to be raised to not less than ;if 700 or more than ;^900 per annum, exclusive of fees. " The Professor is Robert Bellamy Clifton, M.A., Fellow of Merton and of Wadham. Philosophy (Moral and Metaphysical), The Waynflete Professor of, is to lecture and give instruction on the principles and history of Mental Philosophy, and on its con- nection with Ethics. He is to receive, in addition to the emoluments of a Fellowship, the annual sum of £600 from Magdalen College, the Visitor and President of which are always members of the board of electors to the office. The Professor is Henry William Chandler, M.A., Fellow of Pembroke. Philosophy ( Moral), Whyte's Professor of, is to lecture and give 93 PEM— PHY instruction on the principles of Moral Philosophy, and on Ancient and Modern Ethical Systems. In addition to the emoluments derived from the benefaction of Thomas Whyte, D.D., he is to receive from Corpus Christi College, in addition to the stipend of an Ordinary Fellowship, such a sum as will, together with any other emolument of the chair, except fees, make up £700 per annum. Two representatives of Corpus Christi College are always on the board of electors to the office. The Professor is William Wallace, M.A., Fellow of Merton. Philosophy (Natural), The Sedleian Professor of, shall lecture and give instruction in Mathe- matical Physics. He is entitled to the emoluments derived from the bene- faction of Sir William Sedley, and to an income from the funds of Queen's College, which is thus described in the Statutes approved in 1882 : "The yearly sum of ^270 now payable to the Sedleian Professor of Natural Philo- sophy shall continue to be paid to him by the College. This sum shall, when and as the revenues of the College will admit, be raised to such an amount as, added to the income of the funds or property constituting the endowment of the Professorship, will amount to ;!^900 a year." The Provost of Queen's College is always a member of the board of electors to the office. The Professor is Bartholomew Price, M.A., Fellow of Pembroke. Physics, Dr. Lee's Reader in. — Except as regards the subject- matter of the lectures, the duties and emoluments of this office are identical with those attached to the Readership in Anatomy [which see). The Reader is Robert E. Baynes, M.A., Student of Christ Church. Physiology, The Waynflete Professor of, is to lecture and give instruction on Human and Comparative Physiology, with Histology, and is entitled to receive, in addition to the PHY— POR 94 emoluments of a Fellowship, the an- mial sum of £600 from Magdalen College, the Visitor and President of which are always members of the board of electors to the office. The Professor is John Scott Burdon-Sanderson, M.A., Fellow of Magdalen. Poetry, Professor of. — The chair of Praelector of Poetry was founded by John Birkhead, of All Souls' College, in 1708. The Professor is to deliver one lecture on Poetry during each term ; he is to be elected by Convocation for a period of five years, and may be once re-elected. His successor must not be chosen from the same College. The endowment is fixed at;^ioo per annum. The Professorship is at present (Sept., 1885) vacant. Police, University.— There are ten "Delegates of University Police" — viz., the Vice-Chancellor, the Pro- Vice- Chancellor, the Proctor, and three resident members of Convocation, nominated in Convocation by the Proctor. These Delegates form, with other persons appointed by the City, a PoHce Committee for the government of the joint force of University and City Police. Each Proctor appoints his own attendant, who receives ;^30 from the University Chest. Besides these special attendants there are not more than eleven ''Proctors' ser- vants" ("Bulldogs"), the head . of whom is styled the Marshal. They are nominated by the Delegates, under the Oxford Police Act. A certain number are specially appointed to watch the river. The University Police Station (" Spinning House") is in the basement of the Clarendon Building, in Broad Street. One thousand pounds per annum is allowed for the expenses of the University Police, with special allowance for such special constables as it may be thought necessary to appoint, and an annual contribution of about ^1,200 is made from the Uni- versity Chest to the expenses of the Joint Police. Political Economy, The Pro- fessor of, is entitled to the emolu- ments derived from the benefaction of Henry Drummond, Esquire, and also, to such a sum from All Souls' College as, together with what he shall receive from Mr. Drummond's foundation, shall amount to £300. Furthermore he is to receive ;^200 a year as the stipend of his Fellowship in the College, a repre- sentative of which is always on the board of electors to the office. The Professor is Bonamy Price, M.A., Hon. Fellow of Worcester. {See also Cobdei;* Prize.) Polo. — The playing ground of the Polo Club is situated at Cowley, upont the hill above the College Cricket Ground, not far from the Military College. The Club consists chiefly oi members of Christ Church and Merton College. The Inter-University match was played at Hurlingham on June 20, 1885, when the Oxford team, consisting of Mr. R. Lawson, Viscount Valletort Lord W. Bentinck, and Mr. J. M, Fuller, defeated Mr. W. F. Inge, Mr^ R. D. Harrild, Mr. W. G. Rutherford^ and Mr. W. D. Cunliffe-Smith, whd represented Cambridge, by 7 goals to 3, Port Meadow.— This is the town meadow of the city of Oxford, whose freemen have the right of grazing stock thereupon. It is a magnificent stretch of marshy turf, extending from below Medley Lock to Godstow, between the railway and the river. It measures some two miles in length, and from one-half to three-quarters of a mile in breadth. The turf is sodden and spongy, and only dry during the summer months. In winter, when the floods are high, it forms a fine sailing-ground for centreboards, which can be hired at the lock. When well frozen it is one of the best of the many good skating- grounds to be found round Oxford in hard winters. 95 POS— PRO Postmasters. — {See Merton College, under head Scholarships, ETC. ) Private Halls.— A Statute passed in 1882, in substitution for one of 1855, enacts that any member of Convocation above the age of twenty-eight may, under certain conditions, obtain from the Vice-Chancellor, with the consent of the Hebdomadal Council, a license to open a suitable building as a Private Hall for the reception of academical students with the title of Licensed Master, and make provision for the oroper government of the students ander his charge. They are subject to all the Statutes of the University, and they partake in its privileges and are admissible to its degrees in the same way as other students. {See Chars- ley's Hall, Turrell's Hall.) Prizes (College).— At most Col- leges prizes of books are given to those who take first-class Honours in Moderations or the Final Schools, generally to the value of £5 and ;^io respectively. Prizes are also given at the periodical College Examina- tions, which have attached themselves to the *' Collections " held at the end of each term ; these, and occasional prizes for College essays, etc., rise to ^20 in some instances. Small Exhi- bitions are also granted for excellence in College Examinations. Prizes (University).— The following is a list of the Prizes awarded by the University, particulars of which will be found under their respective heads : Arnold Historical Essay Prize ; Chancellor's Prizes ; Cobden Prize ; Conington Prize ; EUerton Theological Essay Prize ; English Poem on a Sacred Subject Prize ; Gaisford Prizes ; Hall and Hall- Houghton Prizes ; Johnson Memorial Prize ; Marquis of Lothian's Historical Prize ; Mrs. T. H. Green's Prize; Newdigate Prize; Rolleston Memorial Prize; Stanhope Historical Essay Prize. Proctors. — Two Proctors are elec- ted yearly in Lent Term, entering on their ofEce shortly after Easter : they are selected from certain Colleges and Halls in a fixed rotation determined by what is called the Procuratorial Cycle, extending over a period of thirty years. Each Proctor is chosen by his College, from among those who have passed their fourth, but not attained their sixteenth year from the taking of/ their Master's degree. The form of their admission to office in Convocation is very analogous to that followed at the election of the Vice-Chancellor. Each Proctor nomi- nates two deputies, or Pro- Proctors, who are bound by the same oaths. It is one special duty of the latter to *' range the streets, lanes, eating-houses, and wine- shops during sermon-time, when more especially the younger sort are in the habit of patrolling the streets in disre- gard of the laws of the University." It is the Proctors' duty to look after the business of the University, to be as- sessors of the Chancellor or Vice- Chancellor in the causes heard in the University, to count the votes in the Houses of Convocation and Congre- gation and to report the result to the Vice-Chancellor, to sit with the Vice- Chancellor at the granting of degrees, to attend the Hebdomadal Council, to sing or read the Litany at the com- mencement of term, or appoint Masters of Arts to do so in their place, to read the letters sent to the University, to enter in a special register, kept by the Senior Proctor, the names of those banished or expelled from the Uni- versity, disturbers of the public peace, etc., etc., to maintain the nocturnal discipline of the streets, and to exact fines and other penalties for breaches of University discipline among Under- graduates. They have charge of the Charter and muniments of the Uni- versity, and are seldom to quit its boun- daries, never without urgent reason. They are to pay over all fines to the University Chest, and in cases of grievous offence, to report the delinquent to the Vice-Chancellor. Each Proctor re- ceives a stipend of ^^350, each Pro- Proctor ;^8o. PRO-PRO 96 Professors. — The duties of a Pro- fessor in the University of Oxford, as set forth in the Statutes approved by the Queen in Council in 1882, are, in his department, to give instruction to students, assist in the pursuit of know- ledge and contribute to the advance- ment of it, and aid generally in the work of the University. He is to lecture in such manner and form as he may judge to be best for the instruc- tion of students and the advancement of knowledge, and to give to students attending his ordinary lectures assistance in their studies by advice, by informal instruction, by occasional or periodical examination, or otherwise as he may judge to be expedient. For receiving students who desire such assistance he shall appoint stated times in every week in which he lectures. At the request of any student who has regularly attended any course of lectures he shall certify in writing the fact of such attendance. The ordinary lectures of every Pro- fessor shall be open to all members of the University without payment of any fee, unless the University shall other- wise determine. But the University may, if it should deem it expedient to do so, by Statute or Decree authorise any Professor to require payment of fees, not exceeding a specified amount, in respect of all or any of his lectures or of the instruction to be given by him. Every Professor shall, in addition to his or- dinary lectures, deliver from time to time, after previous public notice, a public lecture or lectures, to be open to all members of the University without payment of any fee. The regulations as to periods of re- sidence and the number of lectures to be given in the course of the academical year vary in different cases, but, for the most part, residence is required during six months at least in each academical year between the ist day of September and the ensuing ist day of July. The Vice-Chancellor may, on account of ill- health of a Professor or other urgent cause, grant him for a short time dis- pensations from his duties or from re- sidence. Such dispensations are imme- diately to be reported to the Visitatorial Board {which see), in whose hands is the power of granting leave of absence or dispensation from duty for a longer time, not exceeding an aggregate period of eight weeks in any two consecutive years. Leave of absence or dispensa- tion for longer periods can only be granted by decree of Convocation after a report has been made to the Heb- domadal Council by the Visitatorial Board. The following is a list of the principal Professorships in the Univer- sity of Oxford, particulars as to the special duties and emoluments of which will be found under their respective heads : Faculty of Theology.— Divinity (Regius); Divinity (Margaret); Hebrew (Regius) ; Pastoral Theology (Regius); Ecclesiastical History (Regius) ; Exe- gesis (Dean Ireland's); Interpretation of Holy Scriptures (Oriel). Faculty of Law. — Law, Civil (Regius) ; Law, English (Vinerian) ; Law, International (Chichele) ; Juris- prudence (Corpus). Faculty of Natural Science, INCLUDING Medicine and Ma- thematics. — Anatomy, Human and Comparative (Linacre) ; Astronomy (Savilian) ; Botany (Sherardian) ; Che- mistry (Waynflete) ; Geology ; Geo- metry (Savilian) ; Medicine (Regius) ; Mineralogy (Waynflete) ; Philosophy, Experimental ; Philosophy, Natural (Sedleian) ; Physiology (Waynflete);, Rural Economy (Sibthorp) ; Zoology (Hope). Faculty of Arts. — Anglo-Saxon (Rawlinsonian) ; Arabic (Laudian and Lord Almoner's) ; Celtic (Jesus) ; Chinese ; English (Merton) ; Fine Art (Slade) ; Greek (Regius) ; History, Ancient (Camden) ; History, Ancient (Wykeham) ; History, Modern (Chi- • chele) ; History, Modern (Regius) ; Latin (Corpus) ; Logic (Wykeham) ; Music; Philology, Comparative ( Corpus) ; Philosophy, Moral (Whyte's) ; Philo- sophy, Moral and Metaphysical (Wayn- flete) ; Poetry ; Political Economy ; Sanskrit. > Public Orator.— The office of Public Orator was instituted in 1564. " Upon a strong rumour that the learned Queen Elizabeth would visit the Uni- versity and abide there several days, a worthy person was elected to keep the place of Public Orator for term of life, and a yearly pension of twenty nobles was allowed to him and his successors." From that date to the present, Public Orators have been elected by the whole House of Convocation. The duty of the Orator is to represent the University on State occasions, when an address is made by way of a speech to a royal or other distinguished person visiting Oxford, or when addressed at some other place. He is required to write and sub- mit to the Vice-Chancellor all letters formally written in the name of the University. He delivers, alternately with the Professor of Poetry, the Creweian Oration at Commemoration. He is, ex officio^ one of the persons to adjudge the Newdigate and several other prizes for 97 PUB-QUE composition, and he presents, with a suitable introductory address, those persons upon whom the University confers honorary degrees. The stipend of the post is ;^I30 per annum from the University Chest, and £20 from Lord Crewe's benefaction. The post is at present filled by the Rev. W. W. Merry, M.A., Rector of Lincoln College, who has held it since 1880, Fusey and EUerton Hebrew Scholarships.— These are three in number, and are each of the annual value of;^55- One scholar is elected every Trinity Term from candidates who are members of the University under the degree of Master of Arts or Bachelor of Civil Law, or, if of either of these de- grees, not above twenty-five years of age. Each Scholarship is tenable for three years, subject to certain periods of residence, and conditionally on the scholar continuing the study of Hebrew. QUEEN'S COLLEGE. Queen's College, High Street, was founded in 1340 by Robert de Egles- field, Chaplain to Queen Philippa. The present buildings are compara- tively modern, being the work of Wren and Hawksmoor, and dating from 1 7 14. The first quadrangle is entered under a cupola containing the statue of Caroline, the consort of George II. The buildings are plain, and of no particular interest. The Chapel is chiefly remarkable for its windows and marble pillars. The Hall, like all Christopher Wren's rooms, is of fine proportions, and has a lofty arched roof. On the walls are portraits and armorial bearings of the founder and benefactors to the College, including several kings and queens. The procession of the Boar's Head is an annual custom at Queen's on Christmas Day, and is carried out with much pomp and antique ceremony. There is another odd custom on New Year's Day, when the Bursar presents to each guest a needle and thread, with the words : '' Take this and be thrifty." With that love of far-fetched derivation which appears to be indigenous to Oxford, this custom is said to be a punning allusion to the name of the founder. But the most abandoned writer of burlesques, the most case- hardened perpetrator of japes, would scarcely be bold enough to derive Eglesfield from aiguille dindjil. The Library, which is close to the Hall, was first started in 1691, and is now the largest and most valuable collegiate library of printed books. Among the curiosities of Queen's are the ancient drinking horn, presented by Queen Philippa ; the cocoanut cup of Provost Bost (1503) ; and the brasses of Robert de Eglesfield and Dr. Langton (1518). QUE--QUE 98 Its celebrities include Henry V. and the Black Prince ; Cardinal Beaufort, and John Wicliff, the translator of the Bible. Addison was also for a short time at Queen's College. Visitor. The Archbishop of York. Provost. John Richard Magrath, D.D., elected in 1878. Dean. Rev. Thomas Hodge Grose, M.A. Settlor Biirsar. Edward Armstrong, M.A. Junior Bursar. Albert Curtis Clark, M.A. Librai'ian. Rev. Robert Lowes Clarke, M.A. Chaplain. Rev. Robert Powley, M.A. Precentor. Rev. Thomas Hodge Grose, M.A. Tutors. Rev. Thomas Hodge Grose, M.A. Rev. Robert Lowes Clarke, M.A. Lecturers. Edward Armstrong, M.A. Edwin Bailey Elliott, M.A. Rev. Edward Mewburn Walker, M.A. Albert Curtis Clark, M.A. Edward Moore, D.D. John Charles Wilson, M.A., B.C.L. George Francis Lovell, B.D. Fellows. Henry George Mad an, M.A. George Augustus Simcox, M.A. John White, M.A. Edward Armstrong, M.A. Edward Bond, M.A. Rev. Archibald Henry Sayce, M.A. Rev. Thomas Hodge Grose, M.A. Rev. Francis David Morice, M.A. Rev. Robert Lowes Clarke, M.A. Henry Wm. Gegg Markheim, M.A. Edwin Bailey Elliott, M.A. Rev. Edwd. Mewburn Walker, M.A. Albert Curtis Clark, M.A. William Edward Long, B.A. Honorary Fellows. Rev. Bartholomew Price, M.A. Samuel Birch, Hon. D.C.L. Rev. John Pentland Mahaffy, M.A. Dublin. Henry Schliemann, Hon. D.C.L. ADMISSION. Examinations take place several times in the course of the year, the subjects being : Greek and Latin Grammar ; Translations from English into Latin Prose ; the Hecuba and Alcestis of Euripides ; the first five books of the ^neid, or equivalents; Arithmetic; and the first two books of Euclid, or Algebra to Simple Equations inclusive. The admission fee is ;!^5, or for students of Music, £\ loj. The Caution money for scholars is ;!f 15 ; for commoners, £ZO, returnable in equal proportions at the B.A. degree, the M.A. degree, and removal of the name from the College books. SCHOLARSHIPS, EXHIBITIONS, ETC. There are twenty open Foundation Scholarships, of the inclusive annual value of ;i^8o, one of which is awarded every year for Mathematics, and one for Natural Science. Five Eglesfield Scholarships of a like value are open to natives of Cumberland and Westmore- land, the limit of age for both Founda- tion and Eglesfield Scholarships being nineteen years. The Jodrell Scholar- ship in Classics and Divinity, of the annual value of £90, and tenable for four years, is awarded every fourth year, being open to persons under twenty years of age, the candidate who most re- quires assistance to have the preference. Two Bible Clerkships, worth £80 a year each, with free lodging, are in the gift of the Provost. The twenty- five Hastings Exhibitions, of the value of £90 per annum each, are open without restriction of age to candidates from certain schools in Cum- berland, Westmoreland, and Yorkshire. Other close Exhibitions are : the Fitz- gerald, worth ;^66 per annum, tenable for seven years, and open, without re- striction of age, to natives of Middlesex ; the Thanet, annual value £41, open to , all persons educated at Appleby School ; the Fox, ^34 ioj". per annum, for four years, limited to natives of Cumberland and Westmoreland, not more than twenty-one years of age, who have been educated at St. Bees School ; the Dixon (two), each worth £t,6 per annum, for four years, open in one case to all natives of Whitehaven, and in the other to natives of that place who have been educated at St. Bees, the age of can- didates not to exceed twenty-one ; the Wilson (two), one value £22, open to persons educated at Kirkby-Lonsdale School; the other, value £17, to per- sons educated at Kendal School. There are also numerous minor Exhibitions, and also five others of importance, which, although tenable at the College, are not awarded by it. In the course of the next year four Scholarships of the value of £80 a year, two for Classics, one for Mathematics, and one for Natural Science, will be awarded after examination; also an Eglesfield Scholar- ship of the same value, confined to natives of Cumberland and Westmore- land ; the age in each case is limited to under nineteen. The precise date of election has not yet been fixed. FELLOWSHIPS. The Fellowships number from four- teen to sixteen, and are divided into Ordinary and Official. The Official Fel- lowships are held by Tutors, Lecturers, or Bursars, and are tenable for fifteen years, with reappointments of not more than seven years each. Official Fellows receive, in addition to the stipend of Ordinary Fellows, ;^ioo a year out of the Corporate Revenue and a varying amount from the Tuition Fund. The three Senior Official Fellows and the Senior Bursar are permitted to marry. EXPENSES. The tuition fees are jf 24 a year for three years. Residents in College pay about £20 per annum for College charges and dues. Residents out of College pay about £^. The rent of rooms is from £^ ioj. to ;^ 15 per annum. 99 QUE— RAD Some sets are let furnished. Degree fees: B.A., £$ 5^. ; B.Mus., £2; D.Mus., £-3; M.A., £2, 6s. COLOURS. Blue coat, white edging, one red eagle on breast ; ribbon, three white stripes and two blue. The Eight wear the same coat with white shield and three eagles on breast ; same ribbon, but broader. The Eleven wear a coat and cap striped blue and white. Rabbinical Iiiterature, Tlie l^eader in, lectures twice a week for six weeks in each term, and twice in those weeks he gives informal instruction. His stipend is 3^200 a year, and in addition he may charge £2 a term to those who receive informal instruction. The Reader is Adolf Neubauer, M.A., Exeter. Ilacq.uets. — There are good Racquet Courts at Holywell and in Museum Terrace. The charge for play- ing is 5i'. an hour at the former, and 4i-. an hour at the latter, or 6s. for credit. The Inter- University matches took place at Prince's Club, Hans Place, London, on March 31 and April i, 1885, both being won by the Cam- bridge men. The Oxford players in the four-handed match were : J. H. B. Noble (Balliol) and E. H. Buckland (New) ; the latter gentleman represen- ting his University in the single-handed contest. RadclifEe Librai^y is the circular building at the back of St. Mary's Church and in the centre of the square in which are the schools of Brasenose and All Souls' Colleges. The fine building, now known as the Camera Bodleiana, was formerly the home of the Radcliffe Library, and was founded by Dr. Radcliffe, a great benefactor of the University, who left a sum of ^40,000 for the erection of the build- ing, and certain annuities for the pur- chase of books and the payment of a librarian. The domed hall is now used as a supplementary reading-room of the Bodleian, and is appropriated to English periodicals and books added E 2 RAD— REA 100 since i860. It is open from 10 a.m. to 10 p.m. for those who have the entree. The books comprising the Radchffe Library which are confined to the various departments of scientific litera- ture, will now be found in the upper west corridor of the University Museum, the Library being divided into the principal book-room and the reading- room. It is open to members of the University daily from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m., and on Mondays and Thursdays during term time from 7 to 9 p.m. Visitors are admitted after 2 p.m. The Librarian is Sir Henry Went worth Acland, D.M., K.C.B., late Fellow of All Souls', and the Sub-librarian, Henry Robert Hall, from whom all information in regard to regulations, etc. , may be obtained. Radcliffe's Travelling Fel- lowships. — These Fellowships are three in number, each of the annual value of £200, and tenable for three years only. The election is held each year in Hilary Term. *' Candidates must have passed all the Examinations required for the degree of Bachelor of Arts, and must either have been placed in the first class in one at least of the Public Examinations of the University, or have obtained some University prize or Scholarship open to general competition. Each candidate must declare that he intends to graduate in Medicine in the University of Oxford, with the view of engaging in the prac- tice of medicine, and to travel abroad with a view, to his improvement in that study ; and no one is to be elected who is legally authorised to practise as a Physician. But in case neither any person willing to make such a declara- tion nor any person of sufficient merit for election shall offer himself as a can- didate, the Fellowship then vacant is to be thrown open to all persons who have been placed in the first class in the School of Natural Science, whether authorised to practise or not, and the person then elected is not to be required to make such declaration." A Fellow forfeits his Fellowship by spending more than eigh- teen months within the United Kingdom. Readers or Lecturers.— Of these the older are Dr. Lee's Readers in Anatomy, Chemistry, and Physics, and the Readers in Roman Law, Indian Law, and Indian History. The authori- ties are invested with power to elect other Readers, who will be paid out of the Common University Fund. Several have been appointed during the last two years. Particulars will be found under the heads of the subjects in which they lecture, Reading. — It is common to as- sume that some men come up to the University to "read" and others for some different purpose — to amuse them- selves or gain experience possibly. Hence the rough classification which speaks of one class as ** reading men," and the other as not reading men. University life adapts itself excellently to the habits of either set, until the Schools are reached, when there occasionally result inconveniences from belonging to the latter class. It adapts itself equally well to a judicious combination of steady reading and amusement, without the inconveniences referred to. Why the reputation of a reading man should be shunned, as to some extent it is, is a question which might form the theme of a prolonged ethical disquisi- tion. It is possible to do all the reading necessary for the highest honours without in the least incurring the imputation of *'smuggishness." It is the excess of reading that runs into the category of vice, and Aristotelian Oxford hates that which is excessive. Reading, moreover, if it be a virtue, is eminently one of the self- regarding class, and too much devotion to it, to the detriment of public spirit and good- fellowship, is resented by companions as a form of selfishness. There is also remaining in all Undergraduates a large portion of the old schoolboy leaven, which is responsible for some regarding of industry as task work, and conscientious application as a virtue of mere convention. Every sensible man who joins the University will either work steadily from the commencement of his course, or will learn at some period thereof that it is best for him to do so. Even if it be learnt only in the last year, one of the most valuable lessons of the University, that of getting through heavy task work when required, will not have been missed. The course of a man's reading will depend much upon the school in which he chooses to take his degree, but all roads will run together for the first year, as far as Moderations, which measure all men by the same standard of classical knowledge. Responsions are now so frequently passed at school, or at the Examination before matriculation, "in lieu of Responsions, " and they are, after all, for most men who have not so passed them, such a mere interlude or preamble to the University course that it is hardly necessary to make any special recommendations as to the method of reading for them. Each man will get sufficient guidance for this from his tutor, whom he will do well to regard from the first as well disposed to assist him in all ways in his power. Before we proceed to any detailed consideration of the reading necessary for the Public Examinations, we may deal generally with the subject of the disposal of the time of an Under- graduate. The whole Oxford day is, like Gaul of old, divided into three distinct parts, the occupations proper to the first two of which are pretty rigidly determined by custom, while in the use of the third there is more liberty of private judgment. The first corporate manifestation in a College of each morning's awakening is the ceremony of Roll Call, or attendance at chapel. Eight o'clock is the official hour thus prescribed for the commencement of the day. Breakfast may be obtained some half-hour later, and disposed of by the energetic by nine o'clock. From this meal till lunch-time is the first period. Lunch begins to make its presence felt in the establishment by one o'clock, and dies away at two, most of the co-operative forms of exercise I. RE A- RE A purs(;e<^ by iJ>n4erg,radipt^s; d/imanding tlifeir p'lesehce, "in 'fittih^ c6stume, shortly after that hour. The maximum length of the morning is thus four clear hours; those who are dilatory with their breakfast, and must have a smoke, a talk in the quadrangle, and the morning paper, before setting to work will generally find it reduced to three hours, ten o'clock being a con- venient period for a commencement. But the prudent will make it nine. Every one who has worked much knows the value of the morning hours, and this one may be saved with less self-denial, and with much more advantage, than an extra hour in the latter half of the day. Reading before breakfast will always be a rare practice. In the Michael- mas and Lent Terms it is too dismal and chilly an occupation; in the sum- mer term, for those who having left their beds can resist the temptation to a walk or a bathe, it may be the best economy of their time to put in an hour or an hour and a half then, leaving them free to enjoy the long evenings without any reproaches of conscience. For those indeed who are in training for the boats, or who play cricket regularly, or who other- wise make the best use of the summer weather, an hour or two before break- fast will be almost a necessity if their reading is not to fall to a bad daily average. A certain portion of most mornings will be occupied by attendance at lectures. Some of these begin as early as nine, and others will coincide with the successive hours, ending at one p.m. or even two. Those which fall in the last hour are fortunately not frequent ; they are unmitigated nuisances. Those occupying the earlier hours, if more than one have to be attended in the morning, will obviously cut it up considerably, especially if, as will not unfrequently be the case, they are delivered at a distant College. There can be no more fatal error than regard- ing the attendance at lectures as con- stituting a satisfactory and sufficient REA-REA KX2 morning^«"'w ork. .Much may be ksrnt ,, especially in the earlier part of the pre- paration for a school, from lectures, but their value varies very much, according to the talent of the lecturer, the school for which the student is reading, and the particular subject lectured on in that school. Those which are to be attended will be selected for the Undergraduate at first by his College authorities, more liberty of choice being permitted to himself towards the end of his time, especially in the term immediately preceding an Examination. The object and chief advantage of lectures is to throw light on work already familiar ; it is no use to take an unprepared book into the Classical Lecture Room, nor to expect to learn History from the generalisations of a Professor. The material must have been to some extent assimilated before- hand. It will be obvious from this that the books and subjects, on which the Undergraduate is directed first to attend lectures, should be among the first portion of the mass he has to grapple with for the schools to which he directs his energies. College lectures are usually arranged with reference to the principle that there are certain parts of the work for each Honour school which should unquestionably be dis- posed of first, so far as the first reading of them goes. Where there is a rational and thought fully -arranged scheme of collections, these periodical Examina- tions will generally embody the mature experience of competent judges as to the best order of reading, and should be taken as a guide from the commence- ment of residence. Before quitting the subject of Lectures in general, we may observe that the multiplication of note- books does not necessarily increase wisdom, and that, when an author has been properly studied beforehand, an interleaved text will be found to supply ample space for all the notes that are likely to need recording. The notes taken in each terminal course of lectures should be run through with the book in the early part of the succeeding vaca- tion. This will not take long, and it will be found a useful habit. The most fortunate man in the matter of lectures is he who has not more than two in any morning, and these in con- secutive hours. If one can get his two or three hours' private morning reading regularly throughout residence, that will be a great deal towards the maxi- mum of application necessary. It is easiest to read in the mornings ; they are a time universally understood to be dedicated to that occupation, and no man disturbs another in his rooms until the bustle of returning scouts announces the approach of lunch-time. After lunch the afternoon comes, when it is as im- pious a thing to work as before it was to play. Every Undergraduate is assumed to be furthering his physical develop- ment between the hours of two and five. From four till five men will be returning from the river, the football ground, the racquet or lawn-tennis court, changing their clothes and preparing for the quiet hour before Hall. Six o'clock is the most usual time for this meal, though in some Colleges it is at seven, or as at Exeter, at six for junior, seven for senior men. Where the earlier time is the regulation, it will require some little efibrt to utilise a clear hour for reading before the bell rings. Returning in flannels to College a man is fain to dawdle away the time in luxurious ablution, or to rest in the arm-chair by the fire talking to com- panions who have entered with him., till it is hardly worth while to make a start with the books before dinner. Then again there are the attractions of the Union coffee, and once there, is it not a duty to look through the day's papers or the periodicals in the Maga- zine-room? Where Hall is at seven, there is little excuse for not putting in an hour or an hour and a half s work at this time, after a cup of tea, and any one who wishes to make the best use of his time will be careful not to let the opportunity slip, especially if his morn- ing's reading has been short. After Hall, a period of apathy will 103 REA—REA naturally supervene, and not until eight or nine o'clock will even " reading men " recommence their industry. As to late reading, it is a truth of which it is very difficult to convince young men, that no permanent good is likely to result from continuing work up till midnight ; they had much better break off at half-past eleven at latest, have a smoke and a chat, and, pace Sir Wilfrid, a glass of grog, and to bed by twelve o'clock. In reading, the most valuable qualities are steadiness and regularity. The habits of men with regard to their reading vary greatly according to temperament, but it is the low-pressure workers who win. The schools are intended as a test of ability, not of mere brilliancy, and the power of application which will enable a man to make rules for himself and stick to them gets its full reward as a quality more valuable, on the whole, than the uncertain gift of working harder and quicker under high pressure, and performing prodigies of diligence under the shadow of the schools. If the read- ing done in term averages six hours a day all through, and proper use be made of the vacations, this will be suffi- cient to ensure that a man will do him- self justice in any school. An average of seven hours is high. If four hours are stuck to in the morning, the hour before six o'clock Hall may fairly be given up to the newspapers, letter- writing, and other *' sundries " of civi- lised life. Then, to make up seven hours, three hours must be set aside every night of the week, and three hours is as much as it is good to devote to hard work at that time. But this may be taken as a good and not oppres- sive rule, that four hours' work shall have been done every day before six o'clock Hall. If this be observed, the daily average for the term will probably come to about six hours, without much austerity of self-discipline. But it must be clearly understood by every one who goes up to Oxford, that to read well and steadily there is not the easiest thing in the world. The differ- ence between three hours and four in the morning means a great deal in the long run, but it seems very little on each particular occasion. It is always possible to be doing something else than reading ; there is always agreeable occu- pation to lure the student from his books. Even in the mornings it is not unpleasant to spend an hour between lectures in fine weather in a stroll in cap and gown round the Parks, or Christ Church Meadow, or Magdalen Walks. And are there not the College Gardens and the Parks, where those who list may delude themselves with the ostentation of a book, of which the sunshine and the swallows and the flowers (to say nothing of nursemaids) will make them sadly oblivious ? But these indulgences must be shunned ; they grow upon him who yields to them, and from thence to the billiard-room, during the corre- sponding hours on wet days, is but a step. The summer term, as concerns read- ing, stands somewhat by itself. We have spoken thus far mainly with refer- ence to the other two, occupying the sober winter season. But in the May Term, not only are the amusements that will attract Undergraduates more anta- gonistic to reading than at any other time, but the arrangements for Hall, or for the supper which is sometimes sub- stituted for the regulation dinner, will be modified. The members of that not unimportant body, the College eight, with the one or two reserve men and their coaches, will probably dine, with such of the rest of the College as can stomach the barbarous practice, at two or three in the afternoon. This will give them longer time for reading in the morning, which they will need, both on account of the time lost them by their Homeric breakfast and the lethargy which follows, and because they will have little oppor- tunity or inclination for work during the rest of the day. They will go down to practice at 4.30 or 5, and return to a supper at 7.30 or 8, after which they will wine together, and must be in bed REA-REA 104 by 10.30. Some men can read fairly well while in training, but few can do such good work during that regime as at other times. Heavy feeding and severe physical exertion are not conducive to intellectual activity. Cricket is perhaps even more fatal to reading. Players have in general to start away from College gates at 1.30 for matches on Cowley Marsh. When an out match against a school is in question, or an Under- graduate represents his University, the day's work is practically sacrificed unless early rising be resorted to. If dinner in Hall be at seven, it is probable that the cricketers will have supper in the rooms of one of their number, as it is difficult to get back and change by that hour. Where, as is sometimes arranged, supper is served in Hall for whoever comes in, and is prolonged till eight or later, these suppers in rooms will not be so necessary, and the special conviviality of the cricketer will not receive so much encouragement. Few men will feel inclined for an evening's grind after an afternoon of cricket, and the bodily refreshment rendered neces- sary thereby. And when this comes four or five times a week, the evening reading will not amount to a high average figure. Besides these two staple recreations there are the varied attractions pre- sented by the river and the country round. Long canoeing or dingey ex- peditions above the town entrap many a steady-reading man into that beginning of evil — a supper laid in rooms to await his return at dusk. It is not only the "non-reading" man who succumbs to the seductions of the summer term and recklessly goes, "in his youth and the sunshine rejoicing, to Nuneham and Godstow." He who manages a five hours' average in the summer term is not to be condemned ; he who rises to six is indeed to be congratulated. Most men will find it easier to read in lodgings than in College. There is nothing to prevent an early settling down to work in the morning as soon as breakfast is cleared away ; there is less likelihood at all times of the pleasant interruption of a passing friend. A third or fourth year man, again, will have fewer intimates in College whose rooms will be an attraction to him, and once in lodgings in the evening the temptation to do anything but work is very slight. College will seldom be re-entered after Hall, and friends who may have accompanied him to his rooms will begin to drop off about nine or soon after, to save their gate bills. Sunday or Saturday evenings are those to which, as a rule, later gatherings in lodgings are confined. It is owing to the greater encouragements to reading that lodgings present, that most Col- leges favour the system of turning their Undergraduates out of residence at the end of their second or at latest their third year, when with Greats in prospect, application has become a necessity. The change also gives an opportunity for the breaking off of undesirable habits, and the inauguration of such improvements in diligence and economy as the ex- perience of two years' residence and the reading for Moderations have suggested. The vacations should be regarded as opportunities, no less important than the terms, for advance with work. Every one who comes up from a school in October will have had some ten or eleven weeks' holiday since the end of his last school term. He will probably be familiar with one or two of the books which he will have to offer in Modera- tions. If he be prudent, and desirous of lightening his future labours — and no man within a month of the schools is ever satisfied that he is forward enough with his work — he will look over his Virgil or his Thucydides, or whichever author suits him best, during the time now at his disposal. Two or three hours a day will go a long way in this respect. On coming up, he is certain to be recom- mended to attend lectures on the books he must offer. He should choose those first which deal with the books with which he thinks himself most familiar. He will be assigned regular hours for bringing composition to his tutor, and 105 REA— REA duringthe time he spends with him should not fail to let him know how his general work progresses. In much of it, if he is reading for Honours, he will get little help from lectures, and be scarcely- tested before he is in the schools. The College Examinations will, as we have said, furnish him with some guidance as to the portions to be first digested. The First Public Examination is, it will be remembered, primarily an Ex- amination in pure scholarship. It is a comparatively young Examination, and was instituted with a view to extending the scope of the Final Classical School, without sacrificing the claim of the Uni- versity to be a school of Greek and Latin language. Into the controversy respecting the merits and advantages of a classical education we do not propose here to enter. The University has partially admitted the insufficiency of that form of training by the development of the Final Classical School into one which is really mainly concerned with the history of Greece and Rome, and of Moral and Political Philosophy and Logic. True it is that this is not yet admitted in the Examination Statute, and that the school still retains such fragments of what is properly charac- teristic of the Examination for Modera- tions as prose compositions and unseen translations, which take up four papers. But with regard to Moderations, thorough knowledge of the classical authors se- lected, and that elegance which is im- plied by the word " scholarship," are the chief points to be aimed at. The work is a continuation of the Public School course. The special subjects in Honour Moderations, such as the Ele- ments of Logic, or Comparative Philo- logy, are less important than any of the others to a man whose chief object is to get a first class, though they have more relation to the subsequent Greats work. It is possible for a man to get a second class in Moderations and be ploughed in Honour Greats, and the former Ex- amination is still the most valuable in the eyes of the classical schoolmaster. During his first year, then, the fresh- man should have thoroughly rolled out his statutory books ; he will have been working concurrently at such composi- tion as he intends to present as special subjects — Latin prose being alone com- pulsory. If he intends to proceed to Honour Greats he had better offer, as other special subjects, Aristotle's Poe- tius, and the History of the Greek Drama, or of Roman Poetry to the end of the Augustan Age, and one of the Alternative Logic Subjects. The special subject of Comparative Philology, un- less he has a particular bent that way, is difficult in itself, and not likely to help him so much as the other two towards the work for his final schools. ■ He should go in as early as possible for Moderations, unless he is quite confident that delay will make the difference between a first class and a second, and this is of practical importance to him. Otherwise his time will be better em- ployed in reading for the Second School. When a Pass in Mods, is taken, with the intention of reading for Honours in a Final School, this is self-evident. When the intention is to read for Lit. Hum. , it will generally be as well to take Honour Mods, on the way ; but if the educational advantage of the reading for Greats be the thing aimed at, it will be folly to spend an entire six months over the more spe- cialised reading for Moderations. For any of the other schools, by taking a Pass in Mods., two years' clear reading, or, if desired, three years, will be made available for preparation. There is no reason, indeed, why, during the first year, reading for the Final School, or for Honours in Mathematical Modera- tions, should not have gone on side by side with that for Classical Moderations, which to a sixth form Public School boy will not give very much trouble. With respect to Mathematical Honour Moderations it will be observed, from a reference to the Examination Statute, that these bear somewhat the same relation to the Final School as Classical Moderations do to Lit. Hum. They are an examination in Pure Mathe- RE A— REG 106 matics. The number of men who graduate in Mathematical Honours is comparatively small ; the tradition being, of course, that Mathematical youths should be sent to Cambridge. But the teaching available, especially in pure Mathematics, is of the first order. Men arriving from large schools will be surprised to find how little the Classical, and how much the Mathe- matical tuition excels that to which they have hitherto been accustomed. As with Moderations, so with the Final Schools ; the solid masses of the books should be mastered in the first year by those who seek Honours. Nothing is more fatal than to have an undigested block of heavy reading in- truded into the last two terms before the Examinations, which should be devoted to that pulling together of the whole work offered, which is the most valuable part of the Schools training. The best use of a coach is to help in this process, and if it be thought desirable to read with one for an Honour School, it will be best to begin not later than in the term preceding that in which the Schools are held. A thorotighly good coach (and there are few such for the Honour Schools) may do much for a clever man who is dis- satisfied with his College tuition; but for one who is on good terms with his instructors in any of the most intellec- tual Colleges, the gain of going to a man but little his senior, and with no guarantee of his ability for the work he undertakes beyond that of a First Class in the particular school, will be very slight. For Pass Men the case is different. If there is a slight chance of their being ploughed, going to any of the better-known coaches v.^ill almost certainly make the necessary difference in their fitness to meet the Examiners, while if they cannot secure the services of one of these, they may resort with confidence to less known men guaranteed by a high class. The limits of our space forbid us to extend this very general sketch of the methods to be followed in reading at Oxford, by any detailed recommenda- tions with regard to the studies required in the various Final Schools. Regency. — All members of the Old House of Congregation were styled Regents. All Masters and Doctors were "necessarily regent " for two years, or by special dispensation, one year after taking their degree. The form of admission to Regency was by an oath administered by the Senior Proctor, which bound the Master to observe all the statutes, privileges, customs, and franchises of the University, not to reveal the secrets of the Houses of Con- gregation or of Convocation, not to im- pede the worthy or advance the un- worthy, to read and sing in the solemn processions according as the Proctors should assign and dispose, on pain of a fine of 5^-. The inevitable fee had to be paid on admission to Regency. Optional Regents were those who had already served their time, but retained their connection with the University, either by holding office or residing therein. Kegistrar in the Vice-Chan- cellor's Court must be an M.A. or B. C. L. , selected by the Vice- Chancellor. He must attend the Vice-Chancellor or his deputy at the public or private hearing of judicial cases, keep the Register of the Court, and the Black Book of the Vice-Chancellor, wherein are inscribed the nanies of all those found guilty * ' majorzim criminumJ^ He must attend at, and record the admis- sion of Principals to, the several Halls, and perform all business arising from the authority of the Chancellor. Present Registrar, Frederick Parker Morrell, M.A., St. John's. Registrar of the University, The, is elected by Convocation. Must be at least an M.A. or B.C.L. He is required to attend, either in person or by deputy, all meetings of the Houses of Congregation and Convocation, or of the Congregation of the University, to record their acts, to affix the Common Seal of the University and the Official Seal of the Chancellor to documents requiring either ; to transcribe such documents into suitable registers, and generally to perform all duties necessary for carrying on the business of the House. He must attend all meetings of the Delegates of Appeal in Congregation or in Convocation, and record their proceedings and acts, attend all meetings of the Hebdomadal Council, prepare a paper of Agenda for each meeting, and keep minutes of the proceedings, and generally act as secretary to the Council and to com- mittees of the Council. He conducts the official correspondence of the Uni- versity. He is bound also to furnish copies from his register of records of Matriculation, Examination, and Gradu- ation on payment of statutable fees (usually IS.). The annual stipend is ^600. Present Registrar, Edward Tindal Turner, M.A., Fellow of Brase- nose. Responsions. — ('S'-?^ Arts, Degrees in.) "Rivev, — The lower river below Christ Church Meadow is that which is officially known as "the River." Here are the College Boat-houses and Barges. The regulations as to the side of the river to be followed by boats are formu- lated with a view to allowing those coming up to pursue the straightest course possible. Starting from Iffley Lock, on the Oxfordshire side, a boat coming up must cross to the Berkshire side at the White Willow, follow that side until the Gut is nearly cleared, when it must take to the Oxfordshire side again, passing along under the Willows as far as the Red Post on the same bank, then cross to the Berkshire side, and remain in that water for the rest of the journey. Boats going down must, of course, take the reverse course. 107 REG— 3AI Rolleston Memorial Prize, The, consisting of two years' income of a fund of about ;^i,200, is offered for competition once in two years for original research in any subject (at the candidate's option) connected with Animal and Vegetable Morphology, Physiology and Pathology, and Anthropology. The competition is open to members of the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge who have not exceeded ten years from matriculation. lowing.— {See Boating.) Rural Economy, The Sib- thorpian Professor of, lectures at least twelve times in the academical year. He is elected for three years, and may be re-elected for another three years, but no longer. The emolument is jif 200, derived from the benefaction of Dr. John Sibthorp. The Professor is John Henry Gilbert, M.A., Magdalen, elected 1884. Ruskin Drawing School. — {See University Galleries.) St. Alban Hall.— This Hall was founded by Robert de St. Alban in the early part of the fifteenth century. In the following century it came into the possession of the Warden and Fellows of Merton College, and was some time after established as an Academical Hall. The Hall became, by virtue of a Statute made by the University Commissioners in 1 88 1, united with Merton College, in which its property, site, and build- ings are now vested. St. Catherine's Club.— This is the style of the Unattached Students* Amalgamated Club. St. Catherine's Hall, at the east end of Broad Street, used to be its head-quarters ; but this is nov/ closed, and the Library, Reading Room, etc., have been transferred to the first floor of the Clarendon Building. ST. EDMUND HALL. St. Edmund Hall, New College Lane, opposite Queen's, into the possession of which College it passed in 1557, consists of one small quadrangle, and is not particularly attractive to sightseers, except for its magnificent wisteria, which covers the outside of the walls, and is the SAI— SAI 108 finest in England. Members of this Hall are admitted to the Lectures in Queen's College. The Statutes approved by the Queen in Council in 1882 provide for a partial union of St. Edmund Hall with Queen's College on the first vacancy in the office of Principal of the Hall, or on the passing of certain resolutions. The practical result of this will be that St. Edmund Hall will be under the governing body of Queen's College, though it will continue to be a distinct academical society. Principal. eludes all expenses of board, furnished Edward Moore, D.D., appointed 1864. lodging, tuition, and, indeed, all charges Vice-Principal. except laundress, and fire and lights in George Francis Lovell, B.D. private rooms. Undergraduates not making: this arrangement pay an en- SCHOLARSHIPS EXHIBITIONS, ETC. trance fee of £s ; £14 Caution money, The Librarianship and Organistship, returnable on removal of the name from each of the value of;^24 per annum, ^he books; tuition fee, £5 5^. per and tenable for three years, are awarded ^^^^ f^j. ^hree years, £2 2s, afterwards, after competitive examination, with- if tuition is still necessary ; and about out restriction as to age. Other small fio a year for Hall charges and ser- Exhibitions are occasionally given. vants, except bedmakers ; room-rent, Probable next vacancy of Librarian- rg to ;^I2 a year, and furniture can be ship, January, 1886 ; of Orgamstship, ^ired from the Hall, in which case the October, 1886. Caution money is increased by £y, EXPENSES. Degree fees, B.A. and M. A., each ;^49J-. An annual sum of £^l, payable in COLOURS. advance by three equal instalments, in- Orange and red. ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE. St. John's College, St. Giles's Street, was grafted in 1555 on to the previous foundation of Archbishop Chichele, by Sir Thomas White, Lord Mayor of London, as the outcome, or so it is said, of a dream, in which he was warned to build a College for the education of youth in religion and learning. The College is fronted by a row of elms and terrace-walk. The front and a portion of the first quadrangle are parts of Archbishop Chichele's original structure, St. Bernard's ; but the Hall in the latter is a plain modernised structure, which it is proposed to replace by a new building. It contains an elaborate mantelpiece and a number of portraits, including that of the founder ; Archbishop Juxon ; Sir Walter Raleigh ; George III., in his coronation robes ; and many others of inferior interest. The Chapel, built in 1630, and restored by Blore in 1843, contains some monuments of importance. The founder and Archbishop Laud are buried beneath the altar. Under the east window of the ante- chapel is an altar tomb, with recumbent figure, to Dr. Baylie, President of the College in the time of Charles I. There is a monumental urn, said to contain the heart of Dr. Rawlinson, with the inscription, " Ubt thesaiirics ibi cori^ and a monument, with the laconic epitaph " PrcBivit^'^ and in the wall, left of the entrance, are some old brasses ; many old mural monuments ; and a stone figure, kneehng, of Richard Latewan, 1603. Through a fine vaulted passage, with richly- traced roof, we reach the inner quadrangle, partly designed by Inigo Jones, and built at the 109 SAl— SAI expense of Archbishop Laud. The gate towers are ornamented with bronze statues by Fanelli of Charles I. and Henrietta Maria. The southern and eastern sides of this court are taken up by the Library, which contains much to occupy the visitor, and deserves a lengthened inspection. Here Laud entertained his royal master, and a play, written and acted by members of St. John's, was presented for His Majesty's entertainment. In the Library will be found the red skull-cap in which Laud was executed, his MS. diary, and a crozier, found, built in the wall, in repairing the President's lodgings, which is presumed to have belonged to that prelate. There is a splendid copy of Caxton's Chaucer, some fine old Bibles and Psalters, a fine thirteenth century MS. Bestiarium, and, peculiarly in- teresting to ladies, some magnificent fifteenth century embroidered vest- ments, banners, and an altar-cloth, unique specimens of ancient needle- work. The eastern wing of the Library, Laud's wing, affords fine views of the extensive gardens (five acres), which are perhaps the most beautiful in Oxford. From the gardens. Laud's wing of the Library presents a most picturesque appearance, with its gables and oriels. King Charles L's window being a prominent feature. Archbishops Laud and Juxon ; Killigrew, the dramatist and wit; and Francis Tresham, of the Gunpowder Plot, are among the more familiar names in the St. John's College list. Fellows. Charles Lempriere, D.C.L. Charles Alleyne Summers Austin, D.C.L. Henry Deane, B.D. William Frederick Traill, D.C.L. Stephen Nottidge Tebbs, B.D. Edward Conduitt Dermer, B.D. Lancelot Lambert Sharpe, B.D. Herbert Armitage James, B.D. Robert Holford Macdowall Bo- sanquet, M.A. Henry Jardine Bidder, B.D. James Trengove Nance, B.D. Sidney Ball, M.A. Rev. Alfred Thomas Goodrick, M.A. William Holden Hutton, M.A. ADMISSION. Examinations take place at the be- ginning of every term, the subjects being Latin Prose Composition ; Greek and Latin Grammar ; Arithmetic ; the first two books of Euclid, or Algebra in- clusive of Simple Equations ; the Hecuba and Alcestis of Euripides and the first five books of the ^neid, or equivalents ; Translation into English of a passage of unprepared Latin, and an English Essay (with Greek sight translation optional). Candidates who have passed certain Examinations are Visitor. The Bishop of Winchester. President. James Bellamy, D.D., elected in 1871. Vice-President. Edward Conduit Dermer, B.D. Principal Bursar. Thomas Stewart Omond, M.A. Bursar. Lancelot Lambert Sharpe, B.D. Deans of Arts. Edward Conduit Dermer, B.D. Sidney Ball, M.A. Lecturer in Jurisprudence. John Charles Wilson, M.A., B.C.L. Lecturer in Natural Science. William Hatchett Jackson, M.A. Lecturer in Mathematics. John Wellesley Russell, M.A. Lecttirer in Theology. Francis Henry Woods, B.D. Lecturers. Sidney Ball, M.A. Thomas Collins Snow, M.A. Ttitors. James Trengove Nance, B.D. Rev. Alfred Thomas Goodrick, M.A. Rev. Robert Ewing, M.A. Librarian. Rev. Alfred Thomas Goodrick, M.A. SAI-SAI NO exempt from this Examination. Ad- mission fee, £() 3J". ; Caution mone)^, £Zo, of which ;^20 is returnable at the B. A. ; balance on removal of the name from the books. SCHOLARSHIPS, EXHIBITIONS, ETC. There are thirty- eight Scholarships in all. Of these twenty-two are of the annual value of;^ i oo each , six being open , fifteen restricted to Merchant Taylors' and other schools ; the limit of age is nineteen. Eight are open, and of the annual value of £%o each ; four (the Casberd Scholarships) of a like value, open to members of the College who have been one year in residence ; and four Senior Scholarships of the yearly value of ;^i5o each, tenable for four years, and open to former members of Merchant Taylors' School of less than twenty-eight terms' standing at the University. There are several Exhibi- tions, some of which are open. The next Scholarship Examination will probably be held in June, 1886. FELLOWSHIPS. The Fellowships are not fewer than fourteen or more than eighteen in number, of which not fewer than seven are Ordinary Fellowships, tenable for seven years. The Official Fellowships are not to exceed seven in number, and are tenable for renewable periods not exceeding ten years each, by Tutors, Lecturers, and Principal Bursar. The emoluments, in addition to the stipend of an Ordinary Fellow, may be £100 a year from the Corporate Revenue, and a varying amount from the Tuition Fund. Under certain conditions Official Fellows are permitted to marry. EXPENSES. Tuition fee, jf 21 per annum for three years, after which £}, per term. College dues and charges, bedmakers, wash- ing, etc., amount to about £17 or £18 per annum for residents in College. Residents out of College pay about £^ annually for dues and charges. Room- rent is from £(> ds, to j^'14 14^-. an- nually. Furniture in most rooms may be hired. Degree fees : B. A.,;zf 6 "js. 6d. ; M.A., £6 I5J-. COLOURS. Eight : white coat with blue trimming and cross on breast, white straw hat with blue and white ribbon and blue cross. Ordinary uniform ; blue with College arms. ST. MARY HALL. St. Mary Hall, Oriel Street, was formerly the Parsonage-house of St. Mary's Church, was given in 1325 by Edward II. to Oriel College, and was established by that Society as a separate place of education in 1333. Under the Statutes approved by the Queen in Council in 1882, St. Mary Hall, on the first vacancy of the office of Principal, is to be completely united to Oriel College. ^30, preference being given to the kin of the founder or his wife, then to the lawful descendants of the Rev. John Rawbone (sometime Vice-Principal of St. Mary Hall) by Jane Mary, his wife. Principal. Drummond Percy Chase, D.D. Vice-Principal. Rev. Edwin Hatch, M.A. Mathematical Lecturer. Rev. Robert Hervey Charsley, M.A. Classical Lecturer. Rev. Lancelot Ridley Phelps, M.A., Oriel College. SCHOLARSHIPS, EXHIBITIONS, ETC. The Nowell Exhibition, tenable for four years, is of the annual value of EXPENSES. An annual sum of;^76 16^-., payable in advance by three equal instalments, includes all expenses of board, fur- nished lodgings, tuition, and, indeed, all charges except laundress, and fire and lights in private room. Those adopting this plan pay an entrance fee of £5 ; others pay an admission fee of ;if 12 2s. 6d. and Caution money ;^30, returnable half on taking the B.A. and half on taking the M.A. degree. In this case the tuition fee is £20 annually for three years, about £17 per annum being charged for dues and establishment charges, and the rent of rooms varying from £12 to ;^20 per annum. The degree fees are, B.A. £^y and M.A. ^4. COLOURS. Eight : sky-blue coat with white fleur- de-lys on breast, white jersey with dark blue ditto. Ordinary uniform : dark blue with fleur-de-lys. Sanskrit, Boden Professor of. — This chair was founded under the will of Colonel Joseph Boden, of the East India Company's service, in the year i860. The Professor is elected by Convocation from among the mem- bers of Colleges or Halls, and is to hold office for life on condition of satisfactory conduct and orthodoxy, and of his holding no other Professorship in Oxford or elsewhere. He is to lecture and give instruction in Sanskrit as the University shall direct. The annual stipend is ;^900, which may be increased by accumulation of the capital fund to £1,000. Professor, Monier Williams, M.A., University Hon. D.C.L., CLE., elected i860. Sdiolarships, College.— (-S"^^ tinder the descriptions of the respective Colleges.) Scholarships, University.— The following is a list of the University Scholarships, full particulars of which will be found under their respective heads: — Abbott, Boden, Burdett-Coutts, Craven, Davis (Chinese), Denyer and Johnson (Theological), Derby, Eldon (Law), Hertford, Ireland, Kenni- cott (Hebrew), Pusey and EUerton (Hebrew), Mathematical, Taylor, and Vinerian (Law). Ill SAl— SCO Schools Examination Board (Oxford and Cambridge).— This joint Board of the two Uni- versities examines such schools as have a regularly constituted governing body or prepare a fair proportion of their boys for the Universities, and also grants certificates to boys and girls at such schools or at other schools in certain convenient centres, which cer- tificates confer exemption under certain conditions from various Examinations {e.g. * ' Responsions " at Oxford, and " Previous" at Cambridge). The Exami- nation of a school maybe {a) on the gene- ral work of the whole school, or (b) on the work of the whole school in any main subject or subjects, or (<;) on the work of the highest division of the school, so as, if required, to place the boys of that division in order of merit, and to award Exhibitions, Scholarships, and prizes. Information will be found in the regulations of the Board, which are published by the Oxford and Cam- bridge University Presses, and may be procured from their agents. All com- munications relating to the Examina- tions should be addressed to one of the Secretaries, E. J. Gross, Esq., M.A., Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, and J. S. Lockhart, Esq., M.A., Hert- ford College, Oxford. Sconce. — This term has slightly different special meanings in the several Colleges, though it universally denotes a fine or penalty of some kind. In some a Sconce is an official fine, to be paid to the College in money ; in others it is of a less formal nature, and takes the shape of a condemnation to pay a bottle of wine or a quart of beer to the table in Hall, in consequence of some breach of etiquette or standing custom. Such minor offences as "talking shop" at table, quoting Scripture, and punning, or abuse of one's neighbours, or other transgression against "good form," will be visited by the head of the table with such a fine ; and appearing without gown, or in too light a coat, sec— SMA 112 will earn the same penalty. There is a custom in some Colleges, where Sconces are paid in wine, to permit the bottles to accumulate until there are sufficient to provide the whole table, on a stated night, with sherry to their soup. In others, where beer is the current liquor, there are severe regula- tions as to priority in drinking from the flagon, a violation of which will entail a fresh Sconce on the offender. If he can "floor" his Sconce — i.e., drink off the quart without taking breath — he may sconce the man whose information led to his own sconcing. Scout. — The servant who attends upon residents in College, and who is known at Cambridge as a " gyp," is at Oxford called a Scout. [See Expenses. ) Sheldonian Theatre, between the schools and Broad Street, was built by Gilbert Sheldon, Archbishop of Can- terbury, and opened in 1669. The architect was Sir Christopher Wren. This handsome hall is used for the Encaenia, or annual commemoration of founders, when prize competitions are recited and honorary degrees conferred amidst the freely expressed comments of the Undergraduates who occupy the upper gallery. The ceiling is the work of one Streater, sergeant-painter to Charles I., whose artistic views and execution are very much on a par with those of Verrio. From the top of the building an excellent view of Oxford is obtained. A small fee is expected by the custodian, who will take visitors to the upper regions. Sight -seeing. — Naturally the most interesting sights of Oxford are to be found in its Colleges, all of which will be found described under their respective heads, and reference to the accompanying map will act as a con- venient guide to their whereabouts. As a rule, where Chapels, etc., are not open for public inspection at stated hours, application should be made at the porter's lodge of the College. A small fee is expected, which will generally frank the visitor to the Hall, Chapel, and Library. There are plenty of guides always hanging about the streets, especi- ally in the neighbourhood of the Shel- donian Theatre, whose charge is is, per hour, but except to point out the localities of buildings, they are of little use. Some of the Churches {see Chur- ches) are well worth inspection, and access to them is not more difficult than is generally the case with eccle- siastical edifices in England. The excursions to places of special interest or beauty in the neighbour- hood of Oxford are very numerous, among the most interesting being Blenheim, Woodstock, Stanton Har- court, and the lovely river trip to Nuneham Courteney. Visitors to Ox- ford desirous of fuller information in regard to sight-seeing and excursions than can be afforded in the limited space at our command, may be recommended to apply to Messrs. T. Shrimpton & Son, of 23 and 24, Broad Street, Ox- ford, who publish a great variety of amusing and practical guide-books ; while for Nuneham Courteney and all the other favourite riverside resorts of holiday-makers, * * Dickens's Dictionary of the Thames" should be consulted. Visitors should come to Oxford in the summer term, either during the Eights or for Commemoration. By choosing the latter time they will less interrupt the morning studies of their Undergraduate friends, which are prone to suffer considerably in the summer term under any circumstances. Lunches and teas are the meals at which visitors are most usually entertained in College, though small parties may be invited to breakfast. A College lunch will usually strike visitors as of a somewhat oppres- sive sumptuousness ; indeed, it is fre- quently complained by such that they are expected to do more eating during their stay in Oxford than even the severe pedestrian exercise of the morn- ing's inspection of Colleges, Libraries, Chapels, and Museums, justifies. " Smalls."— (3V^ Responsions. ) Somerville Hall.— (^^^ Lady Margaret Hall.) Stanhope Historical Essay. — This prize, of the value of £20 in books, is awarded annually in Trinity Term, for an essay on some subject of Modern History (Foreign or English) between the years 1300 and 18 15. It is open to Undergraduates who, in the term in which it is to be awarded, shall not have exceeded the sixteenth term from matriculation. Swimming. — {See Bathing- Places and Baths.) Swimming lessons may be obtained by private arrangement with the attendant at Parson's Pleasure or the University Bathing- Place. The University Swim- ming Races are held at the end of the Summer Term. The usual events are : Headers, 100 Yards Race, 350 Yards Race, 50 Yards Race, Object Diving, Half-Mile Race, Distance Diving. The races are swum off in the portion of the river just above Clasper's Boat-house. Tavern, The. — {See New Inn Hall. ) Taylor Institution, The, for the promotion of the study of Modern Languages. Besides giving instruction, at very moderate fees, in French, German, and Italian, the institution carries out its objects by lectures on subjects connected with foreign literature, and by the annual award of a Scholarship and Exhi- bition. The institution also includes a library, which is open to members of the University between the hours of 1 1 and 5 ; except from August 16 to September 14, and from Christ- mas Eve to January 2, when it is en- tirely closed. Full particulars of the regulations under which books, etc., may be borrowed, are to be obtained from the Librarian, Heinrich Krebs, Hon. M.A. Ta^rlor Scholarship and Ex- hibition.^One Scholarship, worth £$0, and one Exhibition, worth £25, each tenable for one year only, are awarded annually for proficiency in one or more of the languages taught in 113 SOM-TOW the Taylor Institution. Candidates must not have exceeded the twenty- third term from matriculation. Terms. — The four terms of the academical year are Michaelmas, be- ginning on the loth of October and ending on the 1 7th of December ; Hilary, beginning on the 14th of January and ending on the day before Palm Sunday ; Easter, beginning on the Wednesday after Easter Day and ending on the Friday before Whitsun Day ; Trinity, beginning on the day before Whitsun Day and ending on the Saturday after the first Tuesday in July. For many purposes Easter and Trinity Terms together count as only one. Michaelmas and Hilary Terms are kept by six weeks' residence in each ; and Easter and Trinity either by three weeks' residence in each, or by forty-eight days' residence in the two terms jointly. Town V. Gown.— The **Town and Gown Rows " are an ignoble survival of encounters having their origin in the concurrent authority in municipal matters of the University and the city, aggravated by the jealousy which had existed from time immemorial between the unruly among the youth of each body. The University has by degrees surrendered a great portion of its strictly municipal functions to the Mayor and Town Council, but it still retains a Police Force of its own, with powers to act for the preservation of order in matters concerning the morals and be- haviour of Undergraduates and members of the University. The Vice-Chan- cellor also remains the licensing autho- rity for wines, etc., within the precincts of the University, as well as for theatres, and dramatic or other public perform- ances. The University controls the Market, and is represented by delegates on the Local Board. The modern dis- turbances on the Fifth of November take the form merely of an aimless parade of the streets by the more foolish among the freshmen, and by the least respectable among the town apprentices, TOW— TRI 114 roughs, and gutter-snipes, accompanied by much shouting, and occasional head- long flights before the Proctors and their special constabulary. Trams. — Amid much lamentation on the part of aesthetic Undergraduates and some of the senior members of the University, tramways were laid down in the years 1882-3 in the principal streets of Oxford. Concurrently with their introduction Magdalen Bridge over the Cher well was widened, amid a more exceeding outcry. When, however, the alterations to the last-named structure were com- pleted, the Balaams of High Art, who were called upon to curse the effect of the change in the proportions, appeared somewhat inclined to regard the widen- ing as not so objectionable after all. The tramway runs from the Railway Station to Carfax (fare id.); thence over Magdalen Bridge to the Cricket Grounds at Cowley {id. from Carfax). Another line runs from Carfax through the Corn Market, whence one branch turns down Beaumont Street, and follows Walton Street till it reaches the lane leading to Medley Lock (fare from Carfax id.), the other branch running through St. Giles's to Summertown (fare id.). TRINITY COLLEGE. Trinity College, standing a little back from Broad Street, next to Balliol, was originally founded by the Priors of Durham at the end of the thirteenth century. Sir Thomas Pope founded a new College on the ruins of the old College of Durham in 1555. The entrance is under the tower, which adjoins the Chapel. These buildings were erected by Dr. Bathurst in the last years of the seventeenth century, and are in the classical styles. The Chapel contains a fine alabaster tomb with recumbent figures of the founder and his wife. It is particularly noteworthy for the extremely beautiful carved screen and altar-piece in cedar and lime, unusually fine specimens of the work of Grinling Gibbons. The plain panels are of oak. The Library contains many rare works, and some ancient stained glass. Among the curiosities of Trinity is a large chalice brought from St. Alban's Abbey. The Library possesses a few portraits. The Library and Hall are not shown to casual visitors, an introduction from a Fellow being necessary. The gardens are extensive, and celebrated for a beautiful lime-tree avenue. William Pitt, Earl of Chatham ; Sir John Denham, the poet ; John Evelyn ; Ludlow, the republican ; Lord North ; and Walter Savage Landor are among the varied names which make up the roll of Trinity College worthies. The Bishop of Winchester. President. Rev. John Percival, M.A., elected in 1878. Vice-President. Robinson Ellis, M.A. Bursar. Rev. Henry George Woods, M.A. Librarian. Martin Holdich Green, M.A. Dean. Charles Cannan, M.A. Tutors. Franklin Thomas Richards, M.A. Charles Cannan, M.A. Lecturers. Robinson Ellis, M.A. Martin Holdich Green, M.A. James Saumarez Mann, M.A. Rev. Henry George Woods, M.A. Lecturer in Modern History. Rev. Arthur H. Johnson, M.A., All Souls'. Millard Lecturer in Physics. Harold Bailey Dixon, M.A. Lecturer in Law. Archibald A. Prankerd, B.C.L., M.A. Fellows, Robinson Ellis, M.A. John Gent, M.A. Robert William Raper, B.C.L., M.A. Martin Holdich Green, M.A. Rev. Charles Gore, M.A. Rev. Archibald Robertson, M.A. Rev. Henry Whitehead, M.A. James Saumarez Mann, M.A. Franklin Thomas Richards, M.A. Rev. Henry George Woods, M.A. Charles Cannan, M.A. Charles N. Edgcumbe Eliot, B.A. Honorary Fellows. His Eminence John Henry, Cardinal Newman. Edward Augustus Freeman, M.A. Samuel William Wayte, B.D. ADMISSION. Examinations are held in January, May, and October, the subjects being Translation from English into Latin Prose ; Translation from a passage of unprepared Greek into English ; Latin and Greek Grammar, or English Essay ; two plays of Sophocles and five books of the ^neid, or equivalents; Arith- metic, and the first two books of Euclid, or the first part of Algebra. The admission fee is ^^5, Caution money ;^30, £20 returnable on taking the M.A. degree, balance on removal of the name from the College books. SCHOLARSHIPS, EXHIBITIONS, ETC. Sixteen Scholarships, of the annual value of £%o each, are open to candi- dates under nineteen. The Heneker Scholarship, also open, is of the annual value of £2^, There are several Open Exhibitions, and three (Ford) Student- ships, one of ;^5o a year, open to students at King's School, Canterbury, and two of £2^ a year each, open re- spectively to students from the Gram- mar School, Ipswich, and from the Grammar School at Brentwood. FELLOWSHIPS. These, twelve in number, are divided into Non-Official and Official, the num- ber of the latter not to exceed seven. They are tenable for fifteen years, re- newable for successive periods of ten 115 TRI— UNA years each, and the emoluments, in addition to the stipend of a Non- Official Fellow, are ;^ioo a year from the Corporate Revenue and a varying payment from the Tuition Fund. They are tenable by Tutors, Lecturers, and Bursars, who are, under certain con- ditions, permitted to marry. EXPENSES. Tuition fees, ;!f22 \s. per annum. College dues and servants, in addition to a charge of fifteen per cent, on the amount of buttery and kitchen ac- counts, amount to about ;^i8 per annum. Room-rent from £\2 \2s. to £\(i per annum. Furniture to be taken at a valuation. Degree fees, B.A., £Z i6j.; M.A.,;^6 \s. COLOURS. Blue coat edged with white, the Eight wearing a blue and white striped jersey. Turrell's HaU.— This is a private hall, under the superintendence of the Rev. H. T. Turrell. Members may lodge in the Hall, or if above twenty- five years of age may live in lodgings. In the former case the annual cost of residence and tuition will amount to about £v\o. The fees to the Hall for non-residents are estimated at £"] per annum, and those for tuition at from £8 to ;^io per term. The entrance fee to the Hall \.%£2 \os. Unattached Students (or, more properly, Non-Collegiate Students) are those who do not belong to any College or Hall. Since 1868 persons have been allowed to become members of the University without being members of any College or Hall, and such students are, as to all the privileges of the University, on an equal footing with all its other members. They are to keep residence in houses or licensed lodgings within a mile and a half of Carfax, and are under the control of a Delegacy, of which the Vice-Chancel lor, the Proctors, the Controller of Lodging-houses, and the Censor, are official members, and to which three members of Convocation are elected by Congregation. The UNA-UND 116 Censor is nominated by the Vice- Chancellor and the Proctors. A staif of Tutors is also appointed for the benefit of the unattached students. The Statutes passed in 1881 provide for an annual payment of £400 to the Dele- gates, "to be applied in or towards payment of the stipend or stipends assigned by any Statute of the University to the Censor or Censors of students not attached to any College or Hall ; " and also for an annual payment of ;i{^6oo, * * to be applied in payment of Tutors or Lecturers for the said students, or in maintaining Scholarships or Ex- hibitions tenable by such students, or otherwise encouraging study among them, or diminishing the expense of their University education." {And see Admission, Discipline, and Ex- penses.) Undergraduate Life. — What the main object and advantages of a University education are or should be, is a question on which there always have been, and always must be, very different opinions. To begin with, there are the opinions of the University world and the opinions of the non- University world, whose judgments of the proper functions of Universities and their relations to the society in which they are set are pretty sharply dis- tinguishable. The ideals, again, of those who pass through and away from Oxford will be of a different character from those of the permanent staff— the Congregation — who form the real Aca- demical element so grievous to many modern children of light, leavened though it has been of late years by a distinct spirit of progress. All then, the Public, the Graduate world, and the world of Dons, have formed judgment on the life of the Under- graduate, and yet there is no con- sensus of counsel as to what that life in its highest type should be. Nor is this unnatural, seeing that the judgment must depend upon the aims in life of each of the passing units, and that an Undergraduate, however he may be distinguishable from other men by certain generic characteristics, is really only a man in course of forma- tion. He enters the University with certain antecedents and circumstance?, certain mental bents, and certain re- sponsibilities, varying in almost every individual ; he will go out, after passing through the common grooves and being tested by the common standards, to this or that profession or position. And the best life that he can lead in the transi- tion must at any rate be one that shall leave him ready without breach of con- tinuity to take his place outside the University in the work of the world. If it be the duty of Oxford to enable him to do this, the question is in what sense is this duty to be interpreted ? Is it desirable, as many hold, that the curriculum of studies should be, both at school and at college, devised with strict and immediate reference to the professional qualifications which will be necessary for the student after he goes down, or is the object to be the mainte- nance of a certain standard type of culture and temper which shall impress itself on all who pass through, whether they will or no, and shall thereby diffuse itself through all professions and occu- pations alike ? The latter is the more general view among those, at any rate, who have taken University degrees. In one great function of the Uni- versities — the education of teachers and schoolmasters — the two objects might be supposed to coincide, if we were certain that the ordinary school curri- culum, which is reflected to so great an extent from that of the University, was the most useful and desirable that can be imagined, or that any attention was given to, or any success attained in, the training of those destined for the profes- sions in question in the art of teaching. At any rate, he who intends to become a schoolmaster, or aspires to an ed ucational or academical career, either in Oxford or any other centre of learning, will see his interest in attaching special importance to the mere book-work of the Univer- sity, and will keep in the first place among his aims as an Undergraduate the attainment of those Honours which will, as such, have for him a permanent marketable value. Those again whose thoughts are turned towards Holy Orders will expect to find in Oxford special training and traditions whereby they may be fitted for the walk in life they have set before them. These will find the Theology School, though many who read for Honours will prefer the special school matured by the Univer- sity, Greats, or Literse Humaniores, and they will do well in so choosing, whatever effect the choice may have upon their intentions for their subse- quent life. The future barrister, again, may win himself some preliminary prestige, and floor some of the reading necessary for his Bar examinations by graduating in Jurisprudence, though that school will not turn him out equipped for practice in the Courts. But, after taking account of those to whom success in the schools is of high and permanent importance, there remain the great majority of the Undergraduate world who are either satisfied with a pass degree or contend for the highest -honours merely from a feeling that •noblesse oblige^ or because the reading for them furnishes the highest form of education which the University, as a teaching body, holds out. Too many men, perhaps, regard a University training as an end in itself; there is a tendency to arrogance in those who have gone through it, which is due almost as much to the opinion of the public with respect to its value as to the atmosphere of the University itself. Those, indeed, who have had their three or four years at Oxford, if they have not to look back at them as un- happy or unprofitable through faults of their own, however much this bloom of insolence may wear off as they realise more and more that the attributes of perfect humanity are not after all summed up, nor even all recognisable, in every Graduate in those Litercs which claim no more than to be Humaniores, will always carry with them an unshaken consciousness that r UND— UND they have had some advantage over other men, if not of a kind to make them in any way superior, yet in the form of an enduring experience, a per- petual fund of sunny association and memories for which they can always be- grateful, and whose aroma will keep their lives the sweeter, and save them from that disbelief in the happiness or worth of life which at times overtakes so many. Pessimism has little vitality in Oxford Undergraduate thought or feeling. " I send my son to Oxford to obtain a liberal education." This is the common expression of a father who has. himself not passed through the Univer- sity. Those who have done so are prompted by the same motive (with the added consciousness that they them- selves have enjoyed that advantage). This education of the Undergraduate will be mainly by friction among his fellows, by finding his balance and value among the members of a society drawn from all parts of England and from many classes of Englishmen. Therefore let him court this friction in friendly intercourse and community of amusement. Public opinion, no- where stronger than in the Under- graduate world, and yet inclining ever to the side of geniality, will form him unconsciously to something of the com- mon type. He will live by admiration, hope, and fear, and find worthy ideals for the first, worthy objects for his aspiration, and a fairly wholesome tradition of avoidances. The imitative instinct of youth is still strong in him — almost too strong for him sometimes^- but it will at any rate teach him of what qualities to avoid the seeming^ And in this connection he should be oii his guard, for the tendency of Oxford life is rather to be enslaved to the outsides of things, and to be ashamed of those feelings which are not custo- mary. The result is a very general habit of reticence as to private opinions upon subjects of more than passing interest — an clpoavela, as Aristotle calls it, not of the most wholesome kind. UND— UND 118 Beneath this insouciant exterior there may be deep convictions, but its main- tenance is apt to be an influence discouraging to the formation of any opinions at all, and fostering an under- estimate of that duty of right think- ing and intellectual coherence which is coming upon the growing man. And this habit of mind is to a considerable extent fostered by the course of studies selected by the Uni- versity, or rather which has resolved itself by natural selection therein, as its most important and characteristic test of ability. The object and effect of the Honour School of Literae Humaniores is not to teach men thoughts, but to teach them to think, and on its philo- sophical side it aims at rendering its students familiar — so far as is permitted by the shortness of the time available, and the pressure of the historical and philological portions of the course — with the best that has been thought, and the best methods for criticising all thinking. It leads to a habit of mentally enquiring not so much what beliefs of mankind are or have been right as how it was that the beliefs came to be held. ' The result is very naturally a wholesome diffidence of one's own conclusions, and a disinclination to dogmatise thereon among one's fellows, or to exhibit dis- agreement when a contrary opinion is advanced. The University is, as a rule, a bad school for earnestness, though, if ever the breath of any purpose comes upon it, it cannot but fan up, among so many young and vigorous hearts, strong glows of energy, passing for the most part, but permanent in their effects through some at least of the generation that knew them. Oxford is the home of ''movements," from the days of Lol- lardry to those of East End Settlements, but no one can say what shall endure there, or what shall be the tradition four years hence of that w^hich now seems the most significant characteristic of Undergraduate thought around him. For the only elements of permanence in Undergraduate feeling on matters concerning the actual world are found in the influence of the preachers, of one or two Heads of Colleges, and of such of the younger Dons as have not suc- cumbed to their position. We have touched upon the subject of the Honour School of Literse Humaniores as being the most charac- teristic and significant among the direct educational instruments of the Uni- versity. A fuller handling of that and other schools will be found in our article on Reading, but it seems proper here to give some further con- sideration to the merits of the intellec- tual education offered to the Under- graduate by this Board of Studies. The majority of persons who have not passed through the Univer- sities have perhaps an exaggerated idea of the significance of the letters B.A. after a man's name. Mr. Feeder was well aware of that superstition of the class from which his pupils were drawn. And he who can write himself down M.A. is commonly regarded as exalted above the mere B.A. by an altitude really quite out of proportion to the superiority in solvency implied by the fact that he has paid £\2. more to his Univer- sity, not to mention the College fee and dues for four years longer. But the B.A. degree has a value merely as a testimonial to a certain amount of intel- lectual training, though that be only half of what the older Universities have to give. All who obtain it must have at heart such a familiarity with classical literature and history as will enable them to pass Moderations, after which they will be free to choose their line in the Final Schools. The reading for the Pass Schools {see Ex- amination Statute) is of fairly wide scope, if superficial, while that for any Honour School will leave the successful student in possession of a more thorough grasp of the subject in which he has graduated, than will be possessed by the greater proportion of the men whom he will meet in daily life. It is the opinion of some of the highest authorities in the University that it is absolutely easier for a man who has passed Moderations to take a Class in an Honour School than the ordinary Pass Degree, and certainly preferable as an intellectual training. That it may be easier in certain schools, as Law and Theology, we do not doubt, in the case of the History or Greats Schools the reading must be, at least, considerable, while the Oxford Mathematical and Science Standards are byno means contemptible. But we do question the superior value of the reading which will secure a Fourth Class in any Honour School save those of History and Greats as compared with that necessary for the despised Pass, while the man who fails to secure his ' ' Fourth " after four years' residence will find himself indeed in miserable plight. Of the Honour Schools of Modern History and Literse Humani- ores, it may be claimed that they are a valuable educational instrument, the latter being indeed far the superior of the two, but the former also a whole- some discipline in sound methods of thinking. The Undergraduate who values himself most truly will read for Honours in the Final Classical School. The History School in many cases is, it is to be feared, the refuge rather of those who value a class, and distrust their capacity for Greats. As a School of History it is fragmentary and in- complete indeed, but as a mental training second only in value to the other. As regards learning, however, the chief value of University studies, to those by whom high Honours are not sought as a professional testimonial, will be in teaching men to perceive what they have yet to learn when they leave the University for the world. Already at Oxford the Undergraduate is quick to apprehend what things he is expected to know something about, and to conceal ignorance and gain credit for non-existent knowledge must be instinctively the aim of a being so subject to examination. It is said that the effect of the Greats School upon him is to render him willing to under- 119 UND-UNI> take to write an essay or give an opinion upon any subject that can be mentioned. The fact is that he usually does throw himself heart and soul into a great many varied interests during his four years. He is pre-eminently among Englishmen of the type of Plato's Democratic Man. Not that the Conservatism for which Oxford is famous, and which prevails perennially in the divisions of the Union,, is of the Tory Democrat order, nor that the bulk of the Liberalism there found is of the most uncompromising type. The most levelling of Radicals might well incline to the austere respect- ability of Republicanism in face of the idea of an enfranchisement of the * ' Carfax Club, " or of politicians of the type of the Jericho Rough. The Democratic Man, as portrayed by Plato, is however so evidently a re- flection of the Idea which now has its most perfect phenomenal presentation in the Oxford Undergraduate that we cannot refrain from quoting his descrip- tion, with the necessary changes of local colour : " He lives from day to day to the end of his time in subjection to the impulse of the moment, now drinking himself drunk to the sound of Slap- poffski's band, and presently putting himself into training ; sometimes idling and bidding the Schools be hanged, and then passing studious nights in all the odour of philosophy. And often he takes the lead in College meetings, and memorialises the Dons on the subject of Hall, or starts up at the Union, and speaks and acts according to the im- pulse of the moment. Now he is filled with martial ambition, and joins the O.U.R.V.C, or anon he conceives he has a genius for business, and takes shares in a Universities' Co-operative Association. And there is no method or constraining rule in his life ; but this method of living he finds agreeable and in good form, and follows it out to the end." (Plato Rep. 561 c.) Or, again, the encomium of Pericles upon the qualities of Athenian democracy has something of the true ring of Under- graduate arrogance about it : ** We do UND— UND 120 not copy our neighbours, but we are an example to them. . . . When a citizen is in any way distinguished, he is pre- ferred to the pubHc service, not as a matter of privilege, but out of apprecia- tion of his merit. Neither is poverty a bar, but a man may benefit his College whatever the obscurity of his condition. And we have not forgotten to pro- vide for our weary spirits many relax- ations from toil. We have regular games and ceremonies throughout the year ; at home the style of our life is refined, and the delight which we daily feel in all these things helps us to banish melancholy. Because of the greatness of our University the fruits of the whole earth flow in upon us. We are lovers of the beautiful " — and don't mind pay- ing a good price for it — **and we culti- vate the mind without loss of manliness. , . . We alone regard a man who takes no interest in public affairs not as a harmless, but as a useless character." " To cultivate the mind without loss of manliness" is, indeed, the best use that an Undergraduate can make of the wealth of opportunities for study and for healthy recreation that lie at his command. It rests with himself, to an extent which few men realise when they first come up, to make or miss the best of what his University has to give him. All want of steadiness and waste of time, whether from inexperience or idleness, he will surely one day regret, though fortunate in this, that they will do him less serious injury than if he were already launched in the world. Here, with increased responsibilities and more varied openings for energy, he will learn a savoir-faire and self- reliance which would have cost him more elsewhere. University life is a trial trip in sheltered waters before the working journey is begun. In these four years he can hardly fail to make friendships, some of which will last for life; acquaintances many, with men whom it will always be a pleasure to meet again as they turn up in odd corners of the world. His friends will necessarily be mostly among the men of his own years. Oxford society is very distinctly stratified according to periods commencing with successive Octobers ; even as a freshman he will have nothing to fear from his seniors ; if any one takes advantage of his sim- plicity it will be his more brazen con- temporaries, and with those who are commencing their third year when he comes up he will scarcely be brought into contact, except at the boats, or on the cricket field. When a College is large there will also be a considerable amount of vertical cleavage in Under- graduate society, and the men of each year will separate into groups having a partial intermixture with the years im- mediately above or below them. Where this system of cliques prevails to a marked degree it detracts considerably from the agreeableness of College life. Each clique is looked at with some contempt by all the others, and the various College institutions, which tend to become each the distinctive nidus of some particular set, all suffer in vitality, and lose the hearty and cor- porate support of the College. This is one of the reasons why some of the smaller Colleges have always been to the fore in the different sports of the University. Oxford is at present in a transition state owing to the multiplication of married Fellows and Tutors, and the rise and progress of Colleges for women in con- nection with the University. Many terrible results have been prophesied, and many desirable developments may be confidently hoped for. There is a movement towards breaking down the wall of separation which still hedges, to a great extent, the Academic from the Philistine world, towards reminding the Undergraduate more than formerly that he is a part of that Philistine world, and that he will do well to think of this even in the charmed circle of his arti- ficial life. The air of Oxford needs such periodical ventilation. The Don of tradition is almost a being of the past; the majority in Congregation is Liberal, not to say Radical ; the general 121 UND-UNr characteristic of the new type is a term time, which is used also for a praiseworthy ardour for the religious, newspaper reading room. It is open to moral, social, or artistic regeneration of all members of the University after one the world. Reformatory zeal on the term's residence. Freshmen may use last three lines is a comparatively new the Club without membership during thing, and must tell on the tone of their first term on payment of a sub- Undergraduate society. scription of £l 5^. The names of can- didates for admission must be posted for Union. — This body has developed five days with those of a proposer and from the small Union Society which seconder, already members, after which existed as a mere debating club of no they are generallyelected without further fixed habitation fifty years ago, to be question, though a ballot may be called one of the most characteristic and im- for. The entrance fee is £i, and the portant of Oxford institutions. It is terminal subscription £i ^s. After now the Club of the greater number of three years no further payment is re- Undergraduates at the University ; the quired for life membership. Strangers premises comprise a large library, are admissible to the debates by tickets, writing rooms, smoking rooms, magazine which are limited in number ; and room, cofiee room, lavatories, etc., be- visitors are admitted for a few days to side the great hall for the weekly the use of the premises on introduction debates held on Thursday evenings in by a member. UNIVERSITY COLLEGE. University College, the oldest in Oxford, on the south side of the High Street, nearly opposite All Souls', was not founded by King Alfred, as has been frequently asserted. Its first endowment was from William of Durham in 1249, but its first Statutes date from 1280. The present buildings extend along the street a distance of 260 feet, with two courts and two towered gateways. The first stone was laid in 1634. Over the gateway leading" into the west quad is, on the outside, a statue of Queen Anne, and on the inside one of James II.; the statues over the eastern gateway are those of Queen Mary and Dr. Radcliffe. The Hall contains an extensive fire- place, designed from a tomb in Ely Cathedral, in the centre of which is a medallion marble bust of King Alfred. The walls are hung with portraits of Archbishop Potter, Bishop Bancroft, Dr. Radcliffe, Sir Roger Newdigate, Lord Eldon, and Lord Stow^ell, by Hoppner, Sir Thomas Lawrence, and others. The Hall has been several times altered and restored, and was lengthened in i860, and has been provided with new oak doors. The Library dates from about the same period as the last alteration to the Hall, and was designed by Sir Gilbert Scott. It contains two colossal statues, exhibited in the Exhibition of 1862, of Lords Eldon and Stowell. These were intended for Westminster Abbey, but were rejected on account of their size. The Chapel was remodelled in 1862 by Sir Gilbert Scott, when the roof and east window were added. There is some fine stained glass by Van Linge. A carved altar-piece by Grinling Gibbons, that formerly stood in the Chapel, is now to be found in the bursary. In the ante-chapel, on the north wall, is a monument by Flax- man to Nathan Wetherell, formerly Master, v^ho died in 1807. Here is also another monument by Flaxman representing Sir W. Jones, once a UNI— UNI 22 Fellow, engaged in the study of the Indian Vedas, which two Brahmins expound to him. There is also a stained-glass window given by Dr. Radcliffe. Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester ; Lord Eldon ; Lord Stowell ; Shelley ; and Dr. Radcliffe ; are representative names among the alumni of University College. Visitor, The Queen. Master. Rev. James Franck Bright, M.A., elected in 1881. Steward of Estates. Charles Alan Fyffe, M.A. Bursar and Dean. Arthur Dendy, B.C.L. Suh-Dean and Librarian. Frederick Cornwallis Conybeare, M.A. Dea7i of Degrees. Charles Joseph Faulkner, M.A. Lectwers. Frederick Cornwallis Conybeare, M.A. Lewis Amherst Selby Bigge, B.A. John Thomas Augustus Haines, B.A. George Baird Burnham, B.C.L., M.A., University. Rev. Arthur Henry Johnson, M.A., All Souls'. Tutor in Mathematics. Charles Joseph Faulkner, M.A. Tutor in Classics and Theology. Albert Sidney Chavasse, B.C.L., M.A. Fellows. Charles Joseph Faulkner, M.A. Albert Sidney Chavasse, B.C.L., M.A. Rev. Sydney William Skeffington, M.A. Edward John Payne, M.A. Arthur Dendy, B.C.L. Frank Hesketh Peters, M.A. Frederick Cornwallis Conybeare, M.A. Joseph Thomas Cunningham, B.A. Lewis Amherst Selby Bigge, B.A. John Thomas Augustus Haines, B.A. Reginald Walter Mac an, M.A. Civil Law Fellow. John Davenport Rogers, B.C.L., M.A. Honorary Fellows. Sir Travers Twiss, D.C.L. GoLDWiN Smith, M.A. Very Rev. George Granville Bradley, D.D. Horace Davey, M.A. ADMISSION. The Ordinary Examinations are held in the term previous to residence. There is also an open competition for ad- missions at the Scholarship Examina- tion in February. The subjects are : Portions of a Greek and Latin author ; Translation from English into Latin Prose ; Grammar and Parsing ; English Composition and miscellaneous ques- tions ; Arithmetic ; and the first and second books of Euclid, or Algebra up to and inclusive of Simple Equations. Certain special subjects may be offered as alternatives. Admission fee £^^ Caution money ;^30, returnable on removal of the name from the books. SCHOLARSHIPS, EXHIBITIONS, ETC. There are seventeen Scholarships open to candidates not exceeding nine- teen years of age, of the annual value of £80 each. They are tenable for two years, which term may be extended to four, and in special cases even to five years. Of the Exhibitions the Heron and the Lodge (two), annual value £']0y are open to all persons in need of sup- port at the University, not being more than twenty-one years of age, or of six terms' standing ; the Freeston (three), ;^5o a year each, are restricted to the Grammar Schools of Normanton, Wake- field, Pontefract, and SwiUington ; while the Gunsley (four), £45 a year each, are open to students of the Grammar Schools of Rochester and 123 UNI-UNI Maidstone. These Exhibitions are tenable in the same manner as the Scholarships. FELLOWSHIPS. The number of P'ellowships is twelve, in addition to the Stowell Civil Law Fellowship. With certain exceptions Fellowships are vacated at the end of seven years. Prselectors or Tutors are ap- pointed for renewable periods of twelve years, and may receive, in addition to the ordinary emolument of a Fellow, £loo a year from the Corporate Revenue and a varying sum from the Tuition Fund. Prselectors and Tutors are per- mitted, under certain conditions, to marry. EXPENSES. Tuition fee, jf 25 per annum ; room- rent, from £() ds. to £\% i8j.; furni- ture is usually taken at a valuation, but in some of the smaller rooms it may be hired at a yearly rent of about £^. On the whole the Battels of the most careful men range between £%o and ;^90, including every expense of living in College, except a fixed pay- ment to servants of;^i 10s. a term, and groceries. COLOURS. Blue coat, edged with yellow. The Eight wear a yellow cross on the breast of the coat, and on the breast and arm of the jersey. University Museum. — The buildings known as the University Mu- seum are situated in the Parks, opposite Keble, and comprise the following de- partments : Medicine and Public Health (lower north-west corridor), Sir Henry Wentworth Acland, K.C.B., D.M., Re- gius Professor of Medicine. Anatomy and Ethnology (lower north corridor and north-east annex), Henry Nottidge Moseley, M.A., Fellow of Merton, Linacre Professor of Human and Com- parative Anatomy. Physiology (lower south-west corridor), John Scott Burdon- Sanderson, M.A., Fellow of Magdalen, Waynflete Professor of Physiology. Zoology (upper south corridor), John Obadiah Westwood, M. A., Hon. Fellow of Magdalen, Hope Professor of Zoology. Experimental Philosophy {see Claren- don Laboratory). Chemistry (south annex), William Odling, M.A., Fellow of Worcester, Waynflete Professor of Chemistry. Geology, Joseph Prestwich, M.A. Christ Church, Professor. Mine- ralogy, M. H. Nevil Story- Maskelyne, M.A., Hon. Fellow of Wadham, Wayn- flete Professor of Mineralogy. Radcliffe Library {which see) and University Con- servatory, Charles Pritchard, D.D., Fellow of New College, Savilian Pro- fessor of Astronomy. The Museum, the keeper of which is Edward Burnett Tylor, M.A., Hon. D.C.L. Balliol, is open to members of the University from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m., and to visitors from 2 p.m. to 4p.m. Full particulars as to lectures, fees, etc. , can be obtained at the Museum or of the respective Pro- fessors. University Galleries, in Tay- lor's Buildings, corner of St. Giles's and Beaumont Street. The University Galleries were erected partly from a legacy bequeathed by Dr. Francis Ran- dolph. They comprise galleries for ancient and modern sculpture, including the original models for the works of Sir Francis Chantrey, which are on the ground-floor ; rooms for collections of drawings by Michael Angelo and Raf- faelle ; and a large gallery for paintings. The entrance is from Beaumont Street. The galleries are open daily from 12 to 4, except at intervals, of which due notice is given. Application for per- mission to copy must be made to the keeper of the galleries. The Ruskin School of Drawing is open during term. Visitors can see it on Monday and Thursday from 2 to 4, and on Wed- nesday and Saturday from 12 to 4, and during class hours on personal applica- tion to Mr. Macdonald. In the ante- room is a portrait of Lady Betty Paulet, wife of Sir Thomas Pope, founder of Trinity College, attributed to xMytens ; some sketches by Professor Ruskin ; and a view of Sheerness by J. M. W. Turner. In the room to the right are UNI— VIC 124 ten drawings by Turner, executed for the Oxford University Almanack ; a number of sketches presented by Pro- fessor Ruskin; and the Eldon Art Library. In the gallery which contains the Raffaelle and Michael Ahgelo draw- ings, which are of the greatest art value, 13 a copy, supposed to be by Giulio Romano, of the School of Athens fresco, by Raffaelle, in the Vatican. The pic- ture gallery contains a number of works of varying merit. Among them will be found some curious specimens of the earlier masters of the Florentine school ; scenes from the life of Caesar Aretino ; an upright landscape with cattle, Gains- borough ; horses with figures hunting, G. Morland ; landscape, R. Wilson ; a small landscape, John Constable ; two fine Sir Joshuas, one a portrait of Mrs. Meyrick, the other James Paine, archi- tect, and his son ; Hogarth's sketch for the Enraged Musician ; the Flute Player, Caraveggio ; a Sea-shore, Willarts ; the Village Surgeon, Teniers ; Pilgrimage of Roman Virgins, Fillipo Lippi. There are also examples of, or attributed to, Van Dyck, Fra Angelico, Opie, Snyders, Zoffany, Canaletto, Andrea del Sarto, and Paolo Veronese. Among the pictures attributed to Canaletto are views of Chelsea, Greenwich, Lambeth, and the Temple Gardens. Vice -Chancellor. — This, the most important office in the University, is filled by nomination of the Chan- cellor. The appointment is for one year. The holder may be reappointed, and usually continues in office for four years, or any other Head of a College may be nominated, by letter of the Chancellor, to succeed him ; the person so nominated is bound not to decline the office. The following is the form of admission : "The Vice-Chancellor, on receipt of the Chancellor's letter, wherein he nominates the Vice-Chan- cellor of the following year, shall . . . at a Convocation appointed for the purpose shortly before the beginning of Michaelmas Term, hand the letter to the Senior Proctor to read aloud ; and when it has been read, and the consent of the Doctors and Masters present has been asked, the Vice-Chancellor, after shortly speaking of his office and the events of the year, and lodging the Statute Book, keys, and Chancellor's seal of office in the hands of the Proctors, is to leave the chair to his successor. " The oath of allegiance to the Queen and of fidelity to the duties of his office is then administered by the Senior Proctor to the new Vice-Chan- cellor, who receives the insignia of ^ office above mentioned, and after going up to the chair and making a short speech, he is to deliver into the hands of the Proctor a paper containing the names of four Heads of Colleges whom he chooses to act as his deputies, and who take similar oaths to that sworn by himself. " This done, he shall in the first instance, accompanied by the Doctors and Masters, see the Vice-Chancellor of the former year home, and he must then be invited home by the same persons, dressed in the habit befitting their degrees." Whatever is competent by the Statutes or customs of the University to the Chancellor, when present, may in his absence be done by the Vice-Chan- cellor, except that in weighty matters the advice of the former must be taken. The Vice-Chancellor must reside in the University, except when the affairs of the University or urgent private business necessitate his absence. He is to take care that the discipline of the University is maintained, and that the Proctors and other officers carry out ' the duties of their appointments, that the Sheriff and Under- Sheriff of Oxford- shire give their annual security, that the market is properly regulated, and that the streets of the city are kept pro- perly cleaned and repaired, etc. The annual income is made up to £600 from the University Chest. The present Vice-Chancellor is Benjamin Jowett, M.A., Master of Balliol. The Vice-Chancellor's deputies for 125 VIC— WAD the year 1886 are the Master of Pem- broke, the Principal of Jesus, the Pre- sident of St. John's, and the Principal of Hertford. Vinerian Law Scholarsliips, The, three in number, are tenable for three years, each being of the annual value of £80. One scholar is elected every Hilary Term, from candidates who have completed two years, and who have not exceeded six years from matriculation. Each scholar has to satisfy the Vice-Chancellor every year that he is a member of one of the Inns of Court, or is studying English Law. Visitatorial Board.— (^^^ Governing Body.) Volunteers. — The Oxford Uni- versity Rifle Volunteer Corps forms the First Volunteer Battalion of the Oxford- shire Light Infantry. The Colonel is Field-Marshal H.R.H. the Prince of Wales, the Lieutenant-Colonel G. Herbert Morrell, and Adjutant Captain W. H. Holbeach, Brevet - Major K.R.R.C. The uniform of the Corps is scarlet, with dark blue facings. The rifle ranges are situated at South Hinksey, about a mile from the city. The matches at Wimbledon in which the Universities meet are those for the Chancellor's Challenge Plate and the Humphry Challenge Cup. In 1885, during the trial for the former event, Oxford scored a total of 610 against 606 made by Cambridge ; but, owing to the rifle used by Mr. Joyce not standing the test for trigger-pull, the winning team was disqualified. An offer to shoot the match over again was made, but the Council considered that such a course would form an inconvenient precedent. The Oxford men were : Lieutenant Foulkes, Corporal Barnett, Lieutenant Strange, Captain Russel- Rendle, Private Whitehouse, Private Joyce, Colour- Sergeant Hard wick, and Corporal Wilkinson. Oxford, the holders of the Humphry Cup, again succeeded in retaining the trophy, having made a total of 706 as against 662 scored by Cambridge. In this match Oxford was represented by Lieutenant Foulkes, Private Evered, Captain Russel-Rendle, and Corporal Barnett. WADHAM COLLEGE. WadhAM College, Park Road, opposite the gardens of Trinity College, was founded in 1 610, on the site of a monastery of the Austin or Augustine Friars, by Dorothy Wadham, according to the wishes of her husband, Nicholas, who died in 1609. The buildings are Gothic. The entrance gate is under a square tower with a handsome window, and in the quadrangle on the eastern side are the Chapel and Hall. The Hall has a fine though rather heavy open timber roof, and a good oak screen of curious design. The portraits of Nicholas and Dorothy Wadham hang with others on the walls, amongst them being a portrait of Dr. Wright, the first Warden. Tradition has it that it was the foundress's intention to marry Dr. Wright, and to take up her quarters with him in the Warden's Lodge. Whether or no Dr. Wright was a con- senting party to this arrangement, and obtained the office of Warden under condition that he took the lady as one of the fixtures, does not very clearly appear. After his appointment he certainly preferred to remain single. Whether it was a case of breach of promise, or only of mis- placed confidence, the spretce injuria formce asserted itself, and it was made a condition that the Warden should be henceforth a bachelor. It was not until the beginning of the present century that this restriction was abolished, although it is on record that Oliver Cromwell, who had a way WAD—WAD 126 of his own of dealing with pious founders and statutes which were not to his hking, granted a special dispensation to Dr. Wilkins, one of the founders of the Royal Society, the Warden in his time, whose portrait will be found in the Hall. The Chapel is a remarkably fine building, and is particularly notice- able for its old stained glass, the work of Bernard van Ling in the year 1622, as is shown by the date on the great east window. The glass for this and other windows in the Chapel was made in the precincts of the College. In the ante-chapel is the good marble tomb of Sir John Portman, with date 1624. The garden of Wadham, though not so extensive as the pleasaunces of many other Colleges, is very prettily designed and laid out, and contains numerous fine trees, among which the cedars are prominent. Sir Christopher Wren; Lord Westbury ; Admiral Blake ; .Sydenham, the translator of Plato ; and Dr. Wilkins, founder of the Royal Society, are among the best-known Wadham men. Visitor. The Bishop of Bath and Wells. Warden. George Erlam Horley, M.A., elected in 1881. Sub- Warden. Rev. Patrick Arkley Henderson, M.A. Senior Bursar. Henry Studdy Theobald, M.A. Junior Bursar. Joseph Wells, M.A. Librarian. Herbert Paul Richards, M.A Tutors. Rev. Patrick Arkley Henderson, M.A Herbert Paul Richards, M.A. Joseph Wells, M.A. Lecturers. Rev. Patrick Arkley Henderson, M.A. {Divinity). Thomas Bowman, M.A. {Mathematics). John Charles Wilson, M.A, B.C.L. {Jurisprudence). Charles Robert Leslie Fletcher, M.A., All Souls* {Modern History). William Lewis Morgan, M.A. {Natu- ral Science). Henry Deane, B.D. {Hebrew), Chaplains. Rev. Patrick Arkley Henderson, M.A. Rev. Anthony Lawson Mayhew, M.A. Fellows. Henry King, M.A. Richard Calthorpe Whitmore Ryder, M.A. Rev. Robert Henry Codrington, M.A. Ernest Ridsdale Ellaby, M.A. Alfred Stowe, M.A. Rev. Patrick Arkley Henderson, M.A. Herbert Paul Richards, M.A. Henry Studdy Theobald, M.A. Robert Bellamy Clifton, M.A. Joseph Wells, M.A. Honorary Fellows. Mervin Herbert Nevil Story- Maskelyne, M.A. Thomas Graham Jackson, M.A. ADMISSION. The subjects of the Examinations are : One Greek and one Latin author ; Translation from English into Latin Prose ; Greek and Latin Grammar ; Arithmetic ; the first two books of Euclid, or Algebra up to Simple Equations inclusive. Admission fee £^, Caution money ;£"30, returnable on removal of the name from the books of the College. SCHOLARSHIPS, EXHIBITIONS, ETC. The eighteen Scholarships include five on the foundation of Dr. Hody, and are of the annual value, inclusive 127 WAD— WAS of rooms, of ;^8o each. Of the Hody Scholarships two are given for pro- ficiency in Hebrew and three for proficiency in Greek. For the Hebrew Scholarships the limit of age is twenty, for the others nineteen. The Philip Wright Exhibitions (two), of the annual value of £$o each, are restricted to scholars of the Manchester Grammar School. The Symons Exhibition, of the annual value of ;^30, is given by the Warden to a commoner. There is also a General Exhibition Fund for the assistance of deserving Undergraduates of the College. The next Examination for Scholarships begins on Thursday, November 26, 1885. FELLOWSHIPS. The number of Fellowships is limited to ten, of which six may be Official Fellowships, tenable for renewable periods not exceeding ten years by Tutors, Lecturers, and Bursars. EXPENSES. Tuition fee, £22 ioj*. per annum ; College dues, not including bedmaker, fc[r residents in College ;^I2, for others ,9 per annum ; room-rent, ;^g to 18 a year ; furniture to be hired from the College. Degree fees, B. A. £4. ^s. ; M.A. £8 4s. COLOURS. Eight : white coat trimmed with pale blue, and pale blue cross on breast and arm, straw hat with pale blue ribbon. Or- dinary uniform : blue, with College arms. Walks. — Walking, for its own sake, is not a very favourite occupation among Undergraduates. On week-days there are usually so many competing forms of exercise that it will rarely occur to a man to avail himself of the pleasures held out by the woods and fields. Owing, perhaps, to this cause, and also to the fact that academic resi- dence in Oxford does not fall in the most favourable time of year for enjoy- ing the country, the attractions of Oxford surroundings are very unduly undervalued, so much so that it is a common tenet among Undergraduates that the neighbourhood of the town is dull and uninviting. The average Undergraduate is no " naturalist, " and it is usually some interest in Botany, Entomology, or Geology, that intro- duces the stranger to the charms of the Oxford district ; but those who have set themselves, from any impulse, to explore it, will testify that the city has as fair a setting as most in the land. To do even the scantiest justice here to that setting is impossible ; w^e can only recommend that all fine Sundays should be utilised, to the neglect of protracted breakfasts, among the influences of the rich woodlands, the breezy hills, and quiet river meadows which fence the valley of the winding Thames. Bagley Wood — incomparable in spring, with its sheets of azure hyacinth, and hollows of primrose and wood anemone — and lower down the stream the crescent hill of Nuneham, where the golden larches glow dimly through November river- mists, while the beeches and the syca- more and the cherries are burning all shades of orange and scarlet above, these are friends of many of Oxford's sons. But fewer know the haunts of the saxifrage and columbine beyond Headington over to Stow Wood, or the sandy flanks of Shotover and the woods at his back. Matthew Arnold's '' Thyrsis " and ** Scholar Gipsy " may serve as a guide to many to the delights of the Wytham district and of Cumnor, and all that irregular upland of coral- line grit which overlooks the great levels of the Thames above Eynsham. The Long Vacation is indeed the time at which Oxford and Berkshire do them- selves most justice, but explorations even in the most cheerless season will rarely fail to repay those who undertake them. Washing. — The laundry arrange- ments of Undergraduates are conducted under the regulation of the College authorities. A laundress is assigned to each staircase, or batch of rooms, and continues her ministrations in most cases when her clients have gone into lodg- ings. The tariff charged is not higher than in London and most English towns. WIN— WOM 128 Wines are an expiring institution at Oxford. Except in the form of semi- public festivities, such as Freshmen's Wines or Mods. Wines, they hardly survive. The **big drunk" given by private individuals for its own sake has indeed a fitful vitality in some Colleges, but wine-drinking is parsing away with other customs of former generations. The procedure at a private wine is generally much as follows. During Hall, if not at an earlier period of the day, the College Messenger notifies to the in- tended guests the desire of the giver of the entertainment that they should drink a glass of wine with him after Hall. On arriving in his rooms, an expanse of polished table vi^ill be discovered, sur- rounded by chairs, and covered with fruit, dried and fresh, cakes, and biscuits, with decanters of wine. The company having arrived and seated themselves the proceedings will usually open with mulled claret, and a desul- tory attack be made upon the sweets. It may be that musicians have been hired for the occasion, and the "quad- rille band " of the White or the Black *'Slapp" will perform beneath the window or in the ** scout-hole," as the regulations of the College or the accom- modation of the rooms permit. Pipes and cigars succeed the dessert, and some noted songster will be called upon to entertain the company, thereby acquir- ing a title to nominate his successor in melody. The chief excellence of a song on these occasions consists in its chorus. Roaring this in company pro- motes good-fellowship immensely, as is evidenced by the walnuts and biscuits which will begin about this time to fly fitfully across the room. Mr. Slap- poffski will be called upon for his cele- brated song, or his violin fantasia, other songs follow, with the usual intervening applause, coffee and anchovy toast are brought in, followed after an interval by punch. The mixture of liquids is imimaginable. Hilarity will by this time have become general, except in the case of the gentleman sitting very quiet in the window-corner and Slap- noodiln poffski's clarionet-player, who is moodiljL extracting the fragments of a melo3' from the throat of his instrument. The band retire, much obstructed in their exit by a gentleman who is sitting on the floor with his head through the seat of a cane-bottomed chair. Then more singing, without distinction of air, end- ing up with **Auld lang syne " sung by the whole company standing on chairs or other points of vantage round the room, with linked hands and stormy swayings to and fro, ending with general collapse of the ring and dispersal, with discordant whoopings about the quad- rangles, alarums and excursions upon the staircases, post-horns sounding from distant windows, and strayed revellers "escorting" policemen to their lodgings. A Bump Supper combines the fore- going procedure with a preliminary supper, and probably more uproarious results. It is held in the College Hall and attended by members of the Senior Common Room. Each member of the College subscribes and may introduce one or two guests. In some of the smaller Colleges a "Mods. Wine" is given after the First Public Exami- nation by the Honours men who have just finished their paper- work, and it is the custom in some that the fresh- men at the end of their first, or in their second term should entertain the seniors. A large wine may cost from £5 or £6 upwards, the dessert being obtained either from one of the city grocers, who will charge very high, or from the College Common Room. The more usual manner of entertaining friends is naturally by inviting a few at a time to come into one's rooms after Hall, where a mull of claret, and two or three bottles of wine and a small dessert will provide the most comfortable and rational form of social stimulus. Women, Examination of. — The foundation of Colleges for Women at Oxford has not unnaturally led to the hope that the University may, in process of time, be induced to recognise them as students on the same footing IS men. At present no degrees are granted to women, but on April 29, 1884, it was decided by a vote of Con- vocation, after much agitated discus- sion both in the University and the public press, that women should be permitted to be examined and placed in classes according to merit, by the same Examiners and with the same papers as Undergraduates of the Uni- versity, in the Honour Schools of Moderations, Classical or Mathematical, and the Final Honour Schools of Modern History, Mathematics, and 133 WOM-WOR Natural Science. Candidates are at liberty to offer a part or section of the subjects of examination without being required to offer the whole, and the class lists made out are to be pub- lished, and certificates awarded, by the Examiners. It will be noticed that women are not examined in com- pany with members of the University, nor awarded the University degree, nor are they as yet admitted to the Honour School of Literse Humaniores — the principal Oxford school— nor to the Schools of Law or Theology. WORCESTER COLLEGE. Worcester College, facing the end of Beaumont Street, was founded in 1714 by Sir Thomas Cookes, on the site of Gloucester Hall, a Bene- dictine establishment dating from 1283. The principal attraction to visitors at Worcester will undoubtedly be the gardens, which are of con- siderable size, and contain a fine sheet of water apparently well stocked with fish, including, according to local tradition, pike of that abnormal size only obtained in waters where fishing is prohibited. Here, during Commemoration, is held the Flower Show. The Hall is a fine room, and is surrounded by oak panelling with the armorial bearings and names of members who subscribed towards its erection. The mantelpiece is of an elaborate character. The Chapel is gorgeously decorated with mediaeval groups on dead-gold ground, and the roof is richly ornamented in similar style, the whole after a design by Mr. Burges. The fine tesselated marble pavement contains portraits of King Alfred, Bede, and many saints, in- cluding St. Oswald, St. Boniface, St. Gregory, etc. In the language of an ecclesiological critic, Worcester Chapel is one of the richest interior in the University, and one of the finest examples of the Renaissance in England. Among notable Worcester men are Coryate, the traveller ; Lovelace, the poet ; De Quincey, " the English Opium-Eater ;" and Samuel Foote, the actor and dramatist. Visitor. The Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain. Provost. Rev.Wm. Inge, M.A., appointed in 1881. Vice-Provost. William Odling, M.A. Bursar. Rev.Chas. Henry Olive Daniel, M.A. Dean. Thomas Watson Jackson, M.A. Mathematical Lecturer. Henry Tresawna Gerrans, M.A. Law Lectiirer and Librarian. Henry Allison Pottinger, M.A. Tutor. Thomas Watson Jackson, M.A. Lecturers not on the Foundation. J. E. Thorold Rogers, M.A. {Political Economy). R. W. Massy Pope, B.D. {Divinity). Rev. Walter Lock, M.A., Magdalen {Divinity). Rev. John Henry Mee, M.A., Mertofi {Ancient History). Rev. Arthur Henry Johnson, M.A., All Souls' {Modern History). F. C. Conybeare, M.A. {Ancient Philosophy). William Henry Hadow, B.A. {Literce Humaniores). WOR~ZOO 134 Fellows. Rev. James Hannay, M.A. Rev. George Stott, M.A. Rev. Charles Henry Browne, M.A. Rev. Robert Blayney Wright, M.A. Rev. Henry Moore, M.A. [M.A. Rev. Charles Henry Olive Daniel, Thomas Watson Jackson, M.A. James William Browne, M.A., M.B. William Odling, M.A. Henry Tresawna Gerrans, M.A. Henry Allison Pottinger, M.A. Honorary Fellows, Charles Thomas Newton, M.A. Francis William Newman, B.A. Bonamy Price, M.A. ADMISSION. The subjects for the Examinations, which are held at the beginning and end of every term, are : the Hecuba and Alcestis of Euripides, and Cicero De Amicitia and De Senectute, or equivalents ; Latin and Greek Grammar ; Translation from English into Latin Prose ; Arithmetic ; and the first two books of Euclid, or Algebra up to and in- cluding Simple Equations. Certificates exempting from Responsions also exempt from this Examination. Admis- sion fee for commoners ;^8, Caution money £20, of which half is returnable on taking the M.A. degree and half on removal of the name from the books ; for Fellow commoners £28, with Caution money ;,^30, of which ;^20 is returnable on taking the M.A. degree ; and for scholars£8, Caution money £\o. SCHOLARSHIPS, EXHIBITIONS, ETC. The nineteen Scholarships comprise the Barnes, value ;!^I20 a year, tenable for four years, with no limitation of age or other restriction ; the Sir Thomas Cookes (five), ;^8o a year each, for students at Bromsgrove School ; the Finney, open, of the value of ;^8o per annum ; the Mrs. Eaton ( four), value £80 a year each, for sons of clergymen requiring assistance ; and eight Open Scholarships of a like value, five of which are known as Dr. Clarke's. There are from six to ten Exhibitions of about the annual value of £20 to £1^ each, of which three are restricted to Broms- grove School, and two to Charterhouse School. The next Classical Scholarship Examination will be in the Easter vacation, 1886; the next Mathematical in November, 1885. FELLOWSHIPS. These are nine or ten in number, tenable for seven years, and each worth from ;i^i50 to jC^oo a year. Tutors or Lecturers are appointed for a period of " not more than fifteen years, renewable for terms of ten years, are under certain circumstances permitted to marry, and may receive, in adriition to the Ordinary Fellowship stipend, ;^ioo a year from the Corporate Revenue ^nd a varying sum from the Tuition Fund. EXPENSES. Tuition fee £21 annually. College dues, £12, for commoners, £1"] for Fellow commoners. Room-rent, £<^ 9J. to 3^15 per annum ; furniture can be hired from the College. Degree fees, B.A. £3, M.A. £n. COLOURS. Black and pink. Wycliffe Hall.— This theological College is situated at the corner, be- tween the Banbury Road and Norham Gardens, at the north-west extremity of the Park. Series of lectures, some of which are open to all members of the University, are given during term time to men reading for Holy Orders. Principal, Rev. J. B. Girdlestone. Zoology, Hope Professor of, founded in i86i by the Rev. Frederick W. Hope, M.A., and Hon. D.C.L., formerly of Christ Church, and endowed by him with a capital sum of ;£" 10,000 New Three per Cent. Annuities, to which were added, by his widow, one- third of the dividends payable on a further sum of ;i^i 0,000. The Pro- fessor is elected by the Curator of the Hope Collection and the Linnaean Pro- fessor of Physiology. He must be an M.A., or a B.C.L., or M.B. His duties are to superintend and arrange the Hope Collection of Annulose Animals and to take charge of the Natural His- tory portion of the Hope Library. Pre- sent Professor, J. O. Westwood, M.A., Hon. Fellow of Magdalen. A DICTIONARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF - CAMBRIDGE x ^o-i I885-I886 {SECOND YEAR) EDITED BY CHARLES DICKENS MACMILLAN AND CO. 1885. DICKENS'S DICTIONARIES. NEW EDITIONS yEARLY. Dickens's Dictionary of London. Dickens's Dictionary of tlie Thames. DiclLcns's Dictionary of Paris. Dicliens's Dictionary of tlie University of Oxford. Dickens's Dictionary of tlie University of Cambridge. PRICE ONE SHILLING EACH. Dickens's Continental ABC Railway Guide Is Published on the ist of every Month. PRICE ONE SHILLING. LONDON: MACMILLAN AND CO. RIFLE OR POLO G R O U N O BARTOW RQAP \Sii«aitBrooksDay JtSon Irfh. A DICTIONARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE. Abbey Church.— The Abbey Church, or St. Andrew's-the-Less, formerly part of Barnwell Abbey, is a good example of the Early English style. The triplet of lancet windows at the east end is particularly beautiful. Abbott Scholarships (two of ;^6oforthreeyears), and Bell (two annu- ally of ;^57 for four years), in Divinity, Mathematics, and Classics, are for Undergraduates in their first year, sons of clergymen being preferred. A b S i t . — Every Undergraduate wishing to leave Cambridge for a whole day, whether including a night or not, must obtain an " absit " from his Tutor. Permission to go away for a longer period, either at the end of the term or in the middle, is called an ** exeat," and no Undergraduate should go down without obtaining his " exeat." Act. — Candidates for the degrees of Bachelor and Doctor of Medicine, and of Doctor of Laws, and also for the B.D. degree (unless a dissertation is presented instead), have to passa Special Examination in the public schools, which is called keeping an Act, and is con- ducted in the following way : The can- didate reads a thesis composed by him- self (in Latin for the Divinity degree, in English for the others) on some sub- ject approved by the Regius Professor of Physic, Civil Law, or Divinity re- spectively ; and the Professor or his deputy brings forward arguments or objections in English for the candidate to answer, and examines him in English orally as well in questions connected with his thesis as on other subjects in the Faculty of a more general nature ; the whole exercise being made to last at least an hour. The degree cannot be obtained, unless the Professor or his deputy consider this exercise to have been satisfactory. For the M.D. de- gree the candidate before reading his thesis has also to write an extempore essay on one of four topics submitted to him, relating severally to Physiology, Pathology, Practice of Medicine, and State Medicine, and the oral examina- tion, which is somewhat prolonged, is restricted to the three last-named sub- jects, and the subjects of the thesis and essay. Adams Prize (about ;^i6o) is given biennially for a Mathematical Essay, open to all Graduates. Subject for Essay, to be sent in on or before December i6, 1886, is " EUipsoidal and Spheroidal Harmonic Analysis." B 2 ADA— ANA A {See full particulars of this thesis in the Calendar. ) A.D.C. — The Cambridge Amateur Dramatic Club is a famous old institu- tion, which performs annually for four or six nights in the October Term. Its origin and early history are given in Mr. Burnand's "Personal Reminis- cences of the A.D.C." (Chapman and Hall.) Addenbrooke's Hospital. — This hospital, founded in 1719 by Dr. Addenbrooke's will, has now a long and handsome front, standing back from Trumpington Street. It is a " general " hospital, with accommodation for 120 patients. Medical students in the Uni- versity have opportunities of gaining here a considerable foundation of know- ledge and experience, as much attention is given to the teaching side of the institution ; but naturally they require to walk, for a short period at the end of their course, one of the larger London hospitals to complete their training. Additional Hxamiuation. — Candidates for Honours (except selected candidates for the Civil Service of India) are required to pass, besides the two parts of the Previous Examination [which see)^ the Additional Examination in Mathe- matics. The ** Additionals" consist of three papers: (i), Algebra as far as Logarithms ; (2), Elementary Trigono- metry ; (3), Elementary Mechanics. Admission. — Members of the University must be first members of one or other of the Colleges or Hostels, or else Non-Collegiate Students. The mode of admission to these bodies is described under the separate Colleges, etc. Membership of the University is then obtained by Matriculation {which see). Admission from other Uni- versities. — Students in stahi pupil- lari who have kept terms by bond fide residence at the University of Oxford or of Dublin, and migrate to Cam- bridge, are allowed terms correspond- ing to those that they have kept. A Graduate of either of the above-named Universities may be admitted by incor- poration to the same degree or degrees as those which his own University had conferred upon him, if such admission be approved by a special Grace of the Senate, the candidate having previously resided at Cambridge during the greater part of one term at the least, or in default thereof holding some office either in the University or in one of the Colleges. {See also Affiliated Colleges.) Admission to Degrees.— (-5V^ Degree Day.) Aegrotat. — A candidate for Honours in any Tripos, who is pre- vented by illness or any other sufficient cause from attending part of the Examination, may receive an Aegrotat degree, if, in the opinion of the Ex- aminers, he has so far acquitted himself as to deserve either {a) an Honours degree, or {h) an Ordinary degree ; or {c) he may be excused the General Examination for the Ordinary degree. Aegrotat Term is one allowed to count a^ having been kept, although an Undergraduate has been prevented by illness or other very urgent cause from residing for the whole of the necessary three-fourths. (6'f^ Residence.) Affiliated Colleges.— Any per- son who has completed a course of three years at an Affihated College, in accord- ance with regulations to be prescribed from time to time by the University, and who has passed the Examinations connected with that course in prescribed subjects, is entitled to be excused the Previous Examination, and further to reckon the first term kept by residence at the University as the fourth term, provided he obtains a B.A. degree by any Tripos. The Colleges at present affiliated to Cambridge are University College, Nottingham, and St. David's College, Lampeter. Anatomy, Professor of. — Founded 1707 ; election now regulated by the 1882 Statutes [see Professors), stipend being 3^600, exclusive of fees (£400, if Professor holds a Fellowship or Headship). The Professor is assisted by a Demonstrator (stipend ;£"200, raised for present Demonstrator, A. Hill, M.A., M.B., to £250), who, besides demonstrating, helps to look after the Anatomical Museum. The present Professor is A. Macalister, M.D. ^Dublin), F.R.S., Fellow of St. John's. Anglo-Saxon, Elrington and Bos worth Professor of —This Professorship was founded, 1878, from an endowment left by Dr. Bosworth, Pro- fessor of Anglo-Saxon at Oxford, and his wife (formerly Mrs. Elrington). The stipend is about ;^5oo, and the electors are the Vice-Chancellor, the Oxford Professor of Anglo-Saxon, the Masters of Trinity, Caius, and Corpus, and the Professors of Greek, Modern History, and Sanskrit. The Professor is W. W. Skeat, M.A., Fellow of Christ's. Antiquarian Society (Cam- l}ridge). — This society pursues the study of History, Architecture, and Antiquities, both local and general. With these objects in view it holds about two meetings every term, indulges in occasional excursions, and issues pub- lications from time to time. The affairs of the society are managed by a Council, elected from such of the members as are Graduates of the University ; but ordinary members need not belong to the University. The subscription is one guinea a year, or ten guineas for life. Any person, not being resident in the county of Cambridge, nor a member of the University, may be elected hono- rary member, with right to attend meetings and to receive all publications of the society. In balloting for the election of members, one black ball in four excludes. The collections and library belonging to the Cambridge Antiquarian Society were, at the end of 1883, handed over to the University, •under certain conditions, and are now > ANA-ARC placed in the new Archaeological Mu- seum [which see). Arabic, Professors of.— There are two Professorships of Arabic, which may be held in conjunction : ( i ) founded by Sir T. Adams, 1632. Future elec- tions will be regulated by the 1882 Statutes [see Profes.^ors). The sti- pend is now 3C500, but will be £700 on the next vacancy. The present Pro- fessor is W. Wright, LL.D., Fellow of Queens'. (2) The Lord Almoner's Professor of Arabic, appointed (since 1724) by the Lord Almoner, with a stipend of ;^50 paid from the Almonry bounty. The present Professor is W. Robertson Smith, LL.D. (Aberdeen), Fellow of Christ's. Archaeological Museum. — The Archaeological Museum, a mean building externally, behind the Church of St. Mary the Less, was opened in May, 1884. It consists of two parts, the Museum of Classical Archaeology, inclu- ding four Galleries containing over 600 Casts, a Library, and a Lecture Theatre ; and the Museum of General and Local Archaeology, occupying four other gal- leries. The Classical Section is really a portion of the Fitzwilliam Museum, which would have been enlarged to contain it, if the site had permitted ; the Casts were some of them previously in that Museum, and the rest have been purchased from the accumulations of the Fitzwilliam income. The collec- tion, which is arranged chronologi- cally, is perhaps second only to that at Berlin. The public are admitted every week- day, except Friday, from 10 to 4 (10 to 6 in summer months). Fridays are reserved for members of the University and friends accompanying them. The Museum is closed on Sunday, Christ- mas Day, Ash Wednesday, Good Friday, and Ascension Day. The Museum of General and Local Archaeology was most of it presented on certain conditions by the Anti- quarian Society, and is under the ARC— AST management of the Antiquarian Com- mittee, partly appointed by that Society, and partly by the Fitzwilliam Museum Syndicate. The General Section includes important ethno- logical collections from Fiji, and casts of some remarkable sculptures from Central America ; and the Local Section consists of numerous specimens of Roman, Saxon, and Medieval pottery, etc., discovered in the Eastern counties. The Museum is open usually from lo to 5. The Curator is Baron Anatole von Hiigel. Archaeology, Bisney Profes- sor of. — Founded in 185 1 by Mr. John Disney. The stipend is about ;^ioo, and the electors are the Vice-Chan- cellor and Heads of Colleges. The Professor, who is elected for hve years, but may be re-elected, must deliver at least six lectures during the year on Classical, Medieval, or other an- tiquities, including Art and all things therewith connected. The present Pro- fessor is Percy Gardner, M.A. Arts, Proceedings in. — TheB.A. or Bachelor of Arts degree can be taken after a residence of nine terms, or three years, if the following Examinations for an Ordinary or Honours degree respec- tively have been previously passed, viz. : (A.) for an Ordinary B.A. or "Poll" degree, (i.) the Previous Examination, open to all students in their first or any later term of residence ; (ii. ) the Gene- ral Examination, open to all students who have entered on their fourth term 'at least, having previously kept three terms and passed the Previous Exami- nation ; (iii. ) a Special Examination in one of seven branches of study, open (all students who have entered on their ninth term at least, having pre- viously kept eight terms and passed the Previous and General Exami- nations {see Previous, General, mtd Special Examinations). (B.) For a B.A. degree in Honours, (i. )the Previous Examination, including the Additional Examination, in the first or any later term of residence ; (ii. ) one or more of the following ten Triposes, generally at the end of the third year, viz.. Mathematical, Classical, Mora! Sciences, Natural Sciences, Theologi- cal, Law, Historical, Semitic Lan- guages, Indian Languages, and Medieval and Modern Languages (for subjects and further particulars see Mathematical Tripos, etc. ). Examiners in any Tripos may declare candidates who do not de- serve Honours to have acquitted them- selves so as to deserve an Ordinary de- gree, or so as to deserve to be excused the General Examination ; and such candidates will be admitted to the B.A. degree without further examination, or after passing one of the Special Exami- nations for the Ordinary degree respec- tively ; but no student may be a candi- date for the same Honours Examination more than once {see also Aegrotat and Degrading). The above Examinations having been passed, the student is admitted to the title of Bachelor Desig- nate in Arts at a Congregation {see Degree Day); and a Bachelor Designate becomes a complete Bachelor of Arts by Inauguration on the last day, or last but one, of the following Michaelmas Term. A B.A. may be admitted tO' incept in Arts {i.e. to the title of Master of Arts) at any time after three years have passed from the completion of his Bachelor's degree ; and an Inceptor of Arts becomes a complete Master of Arts with all the privileges of the degree by Creation on the Tuesday immediately preceding the last day of Easter Term. Candidates are not obliged to be present at the com- pletion of their B.A. or M.A. degree, but the names being read over, in a certain order, the Senior Proctor pro- nounces them to be actually Bachelors or Masters of Arts. Astronomy, Professors of— (i.) The Plumian Professorship of Astronomy and Experimental Philosophy, founded 1704 by Dr. Plume, Archdeacon of Rochester, to which the election is- now regulated by the 1882 Statutes {see Professors). The stipend is £800 (3^600 if held with a Fellowship or Headship). The present Professor is G. H. Darwin, M.A., F.R.S., Fellow of Trinity. (2.) The LowNDEAN Professorship OF Astronomy and Geometry, founded 1749 by Thomas Lowndes; the electors are the Vice-Chancellor, the Presidents of the Royal Society and the Royal Astronomical Society, the Astronomer Royal, and the Lucasian, Plumian, and Lowndean Professors. The stipend of the present Professor, J. C. Adams, M.A., F.R.S.,F.R.A.S., Fellow of Pembroke, is about ;^450 a year, and he receives also ;^250 as Director of the Observatory. On the next vacancy the salary will be ;^8oo. Athenseum Club.— This Club exists for social purposes. There are not more than twenty members, and the subscription is about £4 a term. The Club rooms are at 23, Trinity Street. Athletic Club, Cambridge TJniversity. — Each College Athletic Club pays to the C.U.AX. a poll-tax of 2s. 6d. a year on each of its members, who thereby become members of the University Club. Any member of the University whose College has no Club may join the C.U.A.C. by paying 2s. 6d. direct to that Club. The Presi- dent (or, in his absence, the Secretary) of each College Club, and any who have competed in the Inter-University Sports, may attend and vote at the general meetings, and from these are chosen the officers and Committee. The President of the C.U.B.C. and Captain of the C. U. C. C. are also ex-officio mem- bers of the Committee, which has the entire management of all the University sports and the selection of the competi- tors for the several events against Ox- ford. Competitors for the University or Inter - University sports must not have completed their fourth year of residence. Besides the sports of each of the College Clubs the fixed meetings of the year are the Freshmen's Sports, AST-ATH the University Handicaps, and the Uni- versity Sports ; the last is the meeting by which mainly the competitors against Oxford are selected, but a man who is second or third in one of the events is not necessarily chosen by the Committee to compete in the corresponding event against Oxford. The Inter- University Sports are usually held at Lillie Bridge the day before the Boat Race. The Cambridge University Athletic Sports took place on March 11 and 13, 1885, with the following results, as re- garded the events for which candidates had to be selected to represent their University against Oxford. Throwing the Hammer. — J. R. Or- ford (King's), 98 ft. 3 in., I ; H. Neilson (Clare), 89 ft. 2 in., 2; H. D. Taylor (Peterhouse), %(> ft. 3 in., 3. Wide Tump.—Y. B. Roberts (Sel- wyn), 21 ft. 10 in., I ; F. C. Palmer (John's), 21 ft. %yz in., 2. One Mile.—]. C. Waters (Jesus), i ; H. Armytage (Jesus), 2 ; S. H. Whate- ley (Queens'), 3. Won by 25 yds. Five yards between second and third. Time, 4 min. 35 sec. Ten ran. Putting the Weight.— E. O'F. Kelly (Caius), 37 ft. 6 in., i ; A. G. Paterson (Queens'), 34 ft. 9 in., 2 ; H. Neilson (Clare), 33 ft. 10 in., 3. One Hundred Yards. — H. E. Booty (Clare), i ; C. H. Lowe (Trinity), 2 ; E. B. Brutton (Jesus), 3. Booty showed good form and won by 2 yds. Half that distance divided second and third. Time, io|- sec. One Hundred and Twenty Yards, over Hurdles (10 flights).— J. R. Orford (King's), I ; S. Joyce (Caius), 2 ; S. O. Purves (Queens'), 3. Won by half a yard. A foot divided the second and third. Time, 17 sec. High Jump. — S. O. Purves (Queens'), 5 ft. 7X in., I ; L. Barlow (Pembroke), 5 ft. 2^ in., 2. Quarter Mile.—VL. C. L. Tindall (Christ's), I ; P. M. G. Maclagan (Pembroke), 2 ; B. Pollock (Trinity), ATH— AYE 3. Won easily by 4 yds. Half a yard separated the second and third. Time, 52f sec. Three Miles. — E. F. W. Eliot (Trinity), i ; L. W. Reed (St. John's), 2 ; J. E. Howard (Trinity), 3. Won by 130 yds., 20 yds. between second and third. Time, 15 min. 33! sec. Seven ran. THE INTER-UNIVERSITY SPORTS took place at Lillie Bridge, on March 27, 1885, Oxford winning by 5^ events to 3>^. The results were as follows : Putting the Weight),—']. H. Ware (Brasenose, Oxford), 36 ft. 11 in., i ; E. O'F. Kelly (Caius, Cambridge), 35 ft. 4 in., 2 ; A. G. Paterson (Queens', Cambridge), 32 ft. 9>^ in., o ; E. Money-Wigram (Oriel, Oxford), 3 1 ft. I in., o. One Hundred Yards. — H. E. Booty (Clare, Cambridge), i ; A. S. Blair (Brasenose, Oxford), 2 ; C. H. Lowe (Trinity, Cambridge), o ; H. H. Minton (St. John's, Oxford), o. Won by a foot in I of sec. One Mile.—E. R. Holland (Pem- broke, Oxford), I ; J. C. Waters (Jesus, Cambridge), 2 ; F. E. J. Smith (New, Oxford), o; T. A. Brassey (Balliol, Oxford), o; W. D. M. La Touche (Pembroke, Cambridge), o ; H. Army- tage (Jesus, Cambridge), o. Won by 10 yds., in 4 min. 37f sec. High Jump. — W. P. Montgomery (Merton, Oxford), G. F. Hornby (Corpus, Oxford), and S, O. Purves (Queens', Cambridge), tied at 5 ft. 6% in. ; T. H. Marsh (Pembroke, Cambridge), 5 ft. 5>^ in. Quarter Mile. — A. S. Blair (Brase- nose, Oxford), I ; H. C. Tindall (Christ's, Cambridge) and M. H. Paine (Merton, Oxford), tied for second place ; P. M. G. Maclagan (Pembroke, Cam- bridge), o. Won by % yd., after a very good race, in the excellent time of 51I sec. Throwing the Hammer. — ^J. R. Or- ford (King's, Cambridge), 99ft. 7 in., i ; H. Neilson (Clare, Cambridge), 95 ft^ 7 in., 2 ; J. H. Ware (Brasenose, Ox- ford), 93 ft. I in., o; J. H. Murray (Magdalen, Oxford), 78 ft. 4 in., o. One Hundred and Tweiity Yardy, over Ten Hurdles. — A. M'Neill (Trinity,. Oxford), I ; J. R. Orford (King's, Cam- bridge), 2; H. T. Bowlby (Balliol, Oxford), o ; S. Joyce (Caius, Cam- bridge), o. Won by 8 yds., in 17*- sec. Wide Jump. — A. G. Grant- Asher (Brasenose, Oxford), 19 ft. 10 in., I ; F. B. Roberts (Selwyn, Cambridge), 19 ft. 8;^ in., 2; F. C. Palmer (St. John's, Cambridge), 19 ft. ^% in., o; H. G. Farrant (New, Oxford), 19 ft. 2% in., o. Three Miles. — E. F. W. Eliot (Trinity, Cambridge), i ; J. H. A. Marshall (University, Oxford), 2 ; E. de L. Collinson (New, Oxford), o ; L. W. Reed (St. John's, Cambridge), o ,- J. E. Howard (Trinity, Cambridge), o ; J. A. Perkin (Exeter, Oxford), o. Won by 8 yds. ; 200 yds. between second and third, Time, 15 min. 27 sec. Ayerst's Hall. —This private hostel was opened at the beginning of 1884, chiefly to enable students at the University **to qualify for Ordination within the same time and at the same cost as at Theological Colleges ; " but students in other courses besides the Theological are also admitted. The hostel is in Queen Anne's Terrace^ Parker's Piece. Principal, Tutor, and Chaplain. Rev. W. Ayerst, M.A. Assistant Tutors. H. E. Dixon, M.A. Rev. G. W. Collins, M.A. W. H. Smith, B.A. G. H. Ayerst, B.A. ADMISSION. Application for admission should be made to the Principal. The Caution money, paid on admission and returned on leaving, is ;^io. EXPENSES. The terminal charge is;^25 for board, lodging, and tuition, including all University fees and the fees of such intercollegiate lectures as the student may attend with the sanction of the Principal. In addition to the public tuition private assistance is given as it is needed. SCHOLARSHIPS. There are four Scholarships of ;[^20 a year each, tenable for two years during residence ; two, to be offered for competition at the end of the Easter Term in each year, to be awarded only to members of the hostel of at least a year's standing, who are likely to take a Degree in Honours. Backs. — The " Backs " of the Colleges are exceedingly beautiful, thickly shaded with ancient trees, between which the buildings of the various Colleges in turn peep out. They may be seen in two ways, by road or river. Going down Silver Street and crossing the bridge, from which a lovely view is gained, the road passes round Queen's Green, one side of which is called "Erasmus's Walk," and then on the left hand are the Fellows' Gardens of King's, Clare, and Trinity, and the Cricket Ground of St. John's, and on the right views of King's Chapel, the buildings of Clare, Trinity Avenue and Library, and St. John's College. If the river route is preferred, a boat may be taken in Silver Street or in the grounds of Trinity, and the same buildings and the same old trees and grassy swards are seen from a different standpoint, with the added beauties of bridges and still water. Balfour Studentship (;^2oo a year for three years) is given for original Biological research to persons nomi- nated by the Managers of the Trust and elected by the Special Board for Biology and Geology. Vacant in 1886. Barnes Scholarship {£60 for four years) in Divinity, Law, Mathe- AYE— BIO matics, and Classics, is for Under- graduates in their first year, those from Christ's Hospital, Merchant Taylors', and St. Paul's Schools being preferred. Bathing.— The Bathing Sheds of the University Swimming Club [which see) are in one of the fields on the way to Grantchester. The river here is six feet or more in depth, and a shallower bay constructed for non-swimmers is generally choked up with weeds ; a teacher of swimming is, however, on the spot. The public bathing-places are on an island called Sheep's Green, where a shed is provided and ladders placed at different points, some of them deep and some quite shallow. A little way above Grantchester Mill, about two-and-a-half miles from Cambridge, is Byron's Pool, which is said to be forty feet deep — a depth quite sufficient for most divers. Battie Scholarship.— (^ Cra- ven Scholarship.) Beast. — Any one who has left school and come up to Cambridge for study, before entering the University, is called a *' beast," because he is neither man nor boy. Bell Scholarship.— (fe Abbott Scholarship.) Bicycle Club, Cambridge University. — President and Trea- surer, J. W. L. Glaisher, M. A., F.R.S. (Trinity). Entrance fee is 5^-., and terminal subscription i^s. (which may be compounded for in advance, for three or more terms, at certain reduced rates). The Club premises are at the back of 51, St. Andrew's Street, and the riding-path, always open to members, is in a field at the Backs, next to Trinity Cricket Ground, approached by a lane by the side of St. John's Cricket Ground. The Club offers facilities for learning to ride the bicycle, and holds periodical races. The annual Club races took place in 1885 on June 15, the Two Miles Race (open) being won by M. Webber, of the Invicta B.C., in 5 min. 44I sec. ; the BIG— BOA 10 Mile Handicap by G. Gatehouse, Christ's (scratch), in the excellent time of 2 min. 46f sec. ; and the Five Miles Race for Novices by E. T. Wigram, Trinity Hall, in 14 min. 56f sec. The Oxford Club having ceased to exist, no match with that University took place in 1885. At the meeting M^ith the London Bicycle Club on June 6, 1885, on the University path, G. Gatehouse, C.U.B.C., won the Four Miles Race in 12 min. 13 sec, and the Fifteen Miles Race in 48 min. 5 sec, but was beaten in the Mile Race by J. S. Whatton, L.B.C. (formerly C.U.B.C). Silliards. — There are several bil- liard-rooms in Cambridge, e.g.. Berry's, Edwards's, Newman's, Thomas's, and others. The usual charge is \s. 6d. to 2s. an hour for the table. The Inter- Uni- versity Billiard Matches were omitted in 1885. On March 18 and 19, 1884, Oxford won in both the double-handed and single-handed games ; in the former, C. T. Douglas Lane and H. Groves (Brasenose) defeated F. Hamilton (Caius) and P. Groves (Clare) by 92 points ; and in the latter. Lane beat Hamilton by 500 to 433. Oxford has now won ten and Cambridge seven double-handed matches ; and Oxford has won eleven and Cambridge six single matches. Blazer, — A flannel jacket, worn by a member of any of the Athletic Clubs, of the proper Club colours, is called a ** Blazer." The name was probably first given to the scarlet jacket of the Lady Margaret Boat Club. Boat Club, Cambridge Uni- versity. — The University Boat Club consists of the members of the several College (including the Non-Collegiate) Boat Clubs, each of which pays a poll- tax, settled from year to year, according to the number of its part and full subscribing members. The Club is managed by a President, Vice-President (who is also Secretary), Treasurer (always a Graduate of the University), the Cap- tains of all boats rowing in the regular University races, and all who have been members of the University crew. At the end of every Michaelmas Term a race takes place near Ely between two University trial eights, who have been practising throughout the term. From these the University eight is mainly chosen, which begins practice early in the Lent Term on the Cam, and as soon as the necessary residence for the term is over migrates to the Thames, for training on a fuller scale. The race against Oxford, over the Putney to Mortlake course, usually takes place on the Saturday before Passion Week. In 1885 the race was rowed on March 28, Oxford winning easily by three lengths. Oxford has now won twenty-two races against Cambridge's eighteen, that of 1877 having resulted in a dead heat. The names and weights of the crews were as under : CAMBRIDGE. St. lb. N. P. Symonds, Lady Margaret (bow) to 8 W. K. Hardacre, Trinity Plall W. H. W. Perrott, First Trinity S. Swann, Trinity Hall F. E. Churchill, Third Trinity E. W. Haig, Third Trinity . . R. H. Coke, Trinity Hall . . F. I. Pitman, Third Trinity (stroke) G. Wilson, First Trinity (cox.) .. 711 OXFORD. , ,, St. lb. W. S. Unwin, Magdalen (bow) . . 10 io% J. S. Clemons, Corpus .. .. 11 9 P. W. Taylor, Lincoln . . . . 13 6J< C. R. Carter, Corpus 13 2 H. Maclean, New 12 ib F. O. We thered, Christ Church .. la 6% D. H. Maclean, New ^3 ^/i H. Girdlestone, Magdalen (stroke).. 12 7 F. J. Humphries, Brasenose (cox.).. 8 2 The Trial Eights were rowed on December 6, 1884, between the follow- ing crews, Bristowe's winning easily by three lengths : W. K. Hardacre, Trinity Hall ; W. Michell, Caius ; H. Armytage, Jesus ; T. W. Lambert, Pembroke; R. H. Coke, Trinity Hall; A. E. Chaplin, First Trinity; A. P. Pott, Jesus; C. J. Bristowe, Trinity Hall (stroke) ; G. Wilson, First Trinity (cox.). C. H. Bicknell, Jesus ; E. W. Haig, Third Trinity; G. E. Hale, King's; 12 I . 13 4 • • 13 .. II 1 12 3 ) XI 13 W. p. Gore-Graham, Caius ; J. E. G. Bigwood, Trinity Hall ; J. C. Brown, Lady Margaret ; W. H. Perrott, First Trinity ; N. P. Symonds, Lady Mar- garet (stroke) ; L. R. Tanner, Clare (cox.). There are three annual competitions rowed in heats as time races — for the Cam is not wide enough for two boats to race abreast: (i) The University four-oared races, in which the winners hold a silver bowl for the year and each receive a silver cup ; (2) the Mag- dalene Silver Pair-oars, in which the winners also receive a silver cup each, besides holding the silver oars for the year ; and (3) the Colquhoun Silver Sculls, raced for in the October Term under the management of the Lady Margaret Boat Club, who also present the winner with a cup. The final heat for the University Fours was rowed on November 8, 1884, and resulted as follows : Third Trinity: St. C. A. Donaldson (bow and steerer), E. W. Haig, F. E. Churchill, and F. I. Pitman (stroke) ... ... ... ... I Jesus : H. Armytage (bow and steerer), E. P. Alexander, A. P. Pott, and E. H. Bicknell (stroke) o The final heat of the race for the Magdalene Pairs was rowed on May 9, 1 885, and won very easily by R . H. Coke and S. Swann (Trinity Hall), beating A. M. Hutchinson and S. Fairbairn (Jesus) by 90 yards. C. J. Bristowe and W. K. Hardacre (Trinity Hall), and C. de Coetlogon and D. R. P. Stephens (Selwyn), were defeated in the preliminary heats. The final heat of the race for the Colquhoun Sculls, which was rowed on November 20, 1884, was easily won from the first station by F. I. Pitman {Third Trinity ), beating F. E. Churchill, of the same college ; S. F. Hancock (Jesus), B. Vaughan-Johnson (P'irst Trinity), R. McKenna (Trinity Hall), L. A. Francis (Lady Margaret), H. Armytage (Jesus), N. P. Symonds ^ He in 1558 obtained letters patent of Philip and Mary for refounding this Hall, under which it was called Gonville and Caius College. The name in ordinary use is simply Caius (pronounced Keys) College. The first or Tree Court was enlarged and rebuilt in 1868 by Mr. Waterhouse, the architect, in the style of the French Baronial mansions of the time of Francis I., such as Chateau Blois. It is built of Ancaster stone, and the front looking down King's Parade is particularly fine. Over the gateway are statues of the three founders, Gonville, Bateman, and Caius ; while the side along Trinity Street is adorned with medallion busts of thirteen distin- guished ahcmni of the College, viz.. Bishop Lynwode, J. Caius, Harvey (discoverer of the circulation of the blood), Dr. Glisson, Dr. Wollaston, Jeremy Taylor, Bishop Cosin, Samuel Clarke (the metaphysician), Jeremy Collier, Jan Gruter (professor at Heidelberg), Dr. Brady, Sir T. Gresham (founder of the Royal Exchange), and Bishop Mackenzie. Inside the Court is also a statue of Dr. Perse (founder of the Grammar School in Cambridge, called after his name). The smaller gateway towards Trinity Street is inscribed with the word " Humihtatis," in recollection of the original Gate of Humility which Caius built in 1565 at the entrance of the College, and which is now built into the wall half-way down Senate House Passage. The second or Caius Court is entered through the Gate of Virtue, a fine example of Italianised Gothic, built in 1567, according to Fuller " one of the best pieces of architecture in England." This Court has hardly been altered at all since Caius built it, with its south side left open " for fear the air should become foul." The gateway leading from it to the old schools and the modern Senate House, and called the Gate of Honour, was built from the designs of Caius after his death. It is very picturesque, and contains specimens of the Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian orders ; but the elaborate carvings are much worn away by the peeling of the stone. On the north side of the Caius Court is the Chapel, built at the close of the fourteenth century, but subsequently altered out of all recognition. Quite recently an apse has been added, together with other improvements. Conspicuous is the monument of Dr. Caius, a large alabaster sarcophagus under a canopy supported by Corinthian columns, with the epitaph "Vivit post funera virtus" round the top, and the simple inscription "Fui Caius" on the sarcophagus. There are also 15 CAI-OAI large monuments of Dr. Legge and Dr. Perse. Oyer the communion- table is a copy of the " Annunciation " by Carlo Maratti. On the floor of the ante-chapel is a brass to the memory of Martin Davy, D.D., Canon of Chichester, and Master of the College 1803-39. By the side of the Chapel is tht entrance into the third, the old Gonville Court, entirely refaced with stone and changed from its original appearance in the eighteenth century. The Hall and Library, as well as the kitchens, are entered from this Court. The Hall is a modern room, in the Jacobean style, built, together with the adjacent part of the College, by Salvin, in 1854. Its ceiling and windows are decorated with the armorial bearings of Masters, benefactors, and distinguished members of the College. It contains portraits of Caius, Harvey, Baron Alderson, Jeremy Taylor, Dr. Samuel Clarke, and others. The adjoining Combination Room is equally handsome, and is adorned with three good portraits by Holbein, of Mr. and Mrs. Trappes and Mrs. Frankland, benefactors of the College, besides portraits of Dr. Parr and Dr. Caius. The Library, which is also near the Hall, contains about 15,000 printed books and 700 MSS., including the Medical MSS. in Greek and Latin of Dr. Caius, and numerous and im- portant Heraldic MSS., the gift of Mr. Knight. The Master's Lodge, a modern and spacious white-brick house, with a garden in front, contains portraits of several of the former Masters. Caius left to the College what he called the Caduceus prudentis gtcbernattoms, a silver mace, 2^ feet long, crowned with four serpents erect and meeting at the head, to be carried before the Master at College festivals. It is to be noticed that this College has always been pre-eminently the Medical College, and this character is in part maintained by the Tancred Medical Studentships {sec below). Master, Lecturer in Law. Rev. Norman Macleod Ferrers, C. H. Monro, M.A. •' ^••^•^* Lecturer in Physiology, and Director of President. Medical Students. B. H. Drury, M.A. A. S. Lea. M.A. Tutors. PrcBlector in Chemistry. J. S. Reid, D.L. M. M. Pattison Muir, M.A. E. S. Roberts, M.A. ^ ' Dean. Assistant Tutors. Frederick Wallis, M.A. J. B. Lock, M.A. „ Vacant Bursar. A . • n^ .r. .■ E. J. Gross, M.A. Lecturers in Mathematics. o^ ^ J. B. Lock, M.A. ^ „ , ^, Steward. Vacant. J- B. Lock, M.A. Lecturers in Classics. Registrary. E. S. Roberts, M.A. J. B. Lock, M.A. J. S. Reid, D.L. Prcelector Rhetoricus. Lecturer in Divinity. F. Wallis, M.A. Frederic Wallis, M.A. Librarian. Lecturer in Moral Science. R. L. Bensly, M.A. J. Venn, Sc.D., F.R.S. Auditors. Lecturer i?z Hebrew and Syriac. B. H. Drury, M.A. R. L. Bensly, M.A. Vacant. CAI— CAI 16 Senior Fellows. William Henry Drosier, M.D. Rev. Benjamin Heath Drury, M.A. Francis Nonus Budd, M.A. Thomas Walker Wiglesworth, M.A. Rev. Thomas Charles Henry Croft, M.A. John Venn, Sc.D., F.R.S. Charles Henry Monro, M.A. Edward John Gross, M.A. Rev. Ernest Stewart Roberts, M.A. Rev. John Bascombe Lock, M.A. Rev. James William Warren, M.A. Fellows. George Constantine Calliphronas, M.A. Robert Lubbock Bensly, M.A. James William Sharpe, M.A. Frederick Brian de Malbisse Gibbons, M.A. Henry Milton, M.A. Rev. Frederic Wallis, M.A, James'Smith Reid, D.L. Cecil Bendall, M.A. William Ridgeway, M.A. ^osEPH William Wilson Welsford, M.A. George Edward Paget, M.D., F.R.S. Matthew Moncrieff Pattison Muir, M.A. John Robert Seeley, M.A. William Hay Caldwell, M.A. Ernest Arthur Gardner, B.A. Honorary Fellows. The Lord Bishop of Carlisle, D.D. Sir George Burrows, Bart., M.D., F.R.S. Lord Justice Sir Richard Baggal- LAY, M.A. ADMISSION. Candidates for admission should send in their names to one of the Tutors with certificate of character. There is an Entrance Examination of an elementary character, which is held in March, June, and at the end of September. SCHOLARSHIPS, EXHIBITIONS, ETC. There are twenty-four Scholarships on the Foundation, of different values between £60 and ;^20, but subject to increase or diminution according to a scholar's performances in the Annual Examinations. All are tenable until the scholars are of standing to take the degree of B. A., but the Governing Body may, in cases of special merit, prolong the tenure until the holder is of stand- ing to take the degree of M. A. Scholar- ships are offered for open competition in each year to persons under nineteen years of agewho have not commenced residence at the University; these are tenable for one year, after which the holder may be elected to a Foundation Scholarship. Candidates are examined in Classics or Mathematics or Natural Science, or in any two of these combined. Can- didates intending to enter in October, 1886, should apply to the Senior Tutor for the date of the Scholarship Examina- tion, which is not yet announced. There are also two Scholarships, of the value of £60 each and tenable for three years, founded by the late Dr. Shuttleworth, of Berne. These are awarded for proficiency in Botany and Comparative Anatomy (including "Zoo- tomy and Comparative Physiology"), and are open to all registered Medical Students of the University who are of not less than eight terms' standing, and have passed the Additional Previous Examination required from candidates for Honours. The successful candi- dates for these Scholarships must remove to this College, if they are not already members of it. The next Scholarship ' Examination will be held in the be- ginning of October, 1885, when Entrance Scholarships, of values varying from £^0 tO;^8o, will be offered, and other Scholarships open to freshmen (irre- spective of age). There are also connected with the College five Studentships in Medicine, founded by Christopher Tancred, Esq., each of the annual value of;^ioo. The candidate who is elected to one of these Studentships is obliged to enter at this College, or remove hither if he be a member of any other College. The students are required to pro- ceed to the degree of Bachelor of Medicine, as soon as they are of suffi- cient standing, and may hold the Studentships for three years after their , degree, ^ The Tancred Speech, in Latin, in perpetual remembrance of the Foundation, is delivered annually on October 21 by one of the Tancred students. Forms of petitions and all information respecting the Tancred Studentships, may be obtained from B. J. L. Frere, Esq., 28, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London. EXPENSES. The Tutor's fee is £^ per term, out of which allowances may be made, not exceeding ;^3, for Lectures given out of the College. The College fee for the B.A. degree is £a^ \\s. [See general article on Expenses. ) FELLOWSHIPS. By the 1882 Statutes the government of the College is in the hands of the Master and twelve Fellows. The Fel- lows are to be chosen from Graduates of the College, or, if the Master and Seniors shall at any time think fit, of the Universities of Cambridge or Ox- ford, who have distinguished them- selves in some department of science, learning, or art. The Fellowships are not vacated by marriage, but terminate in general at the end of six years from the time of election. They may, how- ever, be retained if the Fellow at the end of that time be holding certain University or College offices ; or shall have held some one or more of such offices during the space of fifteen years ; or shall have been permitted by a special vote of the Master and Fellows to retain his Fellowship on account of 17 CAI-CAV his literary or scientific reputation or labours. The stipend of a Fellow can- not be more than ^^250, excluding rooms and commons. CLUBS. Athletic Club. — Entrance fee, u. ; subscription, ^s. a year. Boat Club, — Entrance fee, £1 5^. ; subscription, £\ \s. a term. Cricket Club. — Subscription, £1 is, a year. Football Chtb {Associatio7i and Rugby Union). — Subscription, "js. 6d. a year. Lawn Tennis Club. — Entrance fee, 5i-. ; subscription, 5j-. in October and Lent Terms ; ioj-. in May Term. The Caius colours are light blue and black. Musical Society. — Entrance fee, 2s. 6d. ; subscription, 5^. a term. Carlton Club, Cambridge University. — This Club seeks to do good in the world by the dissemination of Conservative principles. President, Lord Randolph Churchill, M. P. The Club rooms are in Rose Crescent, and the terminal subscription is lOJ". (including the stamping of letters). The Long Vacation counts as a term for those who use the rooms at that time. Eight terms' subscriptions make life member- ship. Cams Frizes (Theological books to the value of about ;^io) are given annually, one for Undergraduates and one for Bachelors, for knowledge of the Greek Testament. The Examination is held in November. CAVENDISH COLLEGE. This College was founded in 1873 by the County College Association with the following objects : (i) to enable students somewhat younger than ordinary Undergraduates to pass through a University course and obtain a degree ; (2) to effect this with the greatest possible economy in cost as v^^ell as time ; and (3) to train in the art of teaching those who intend to become schoolmasters. The work of the College began in a private CAV— CAV 18 house, at the corner of Norwich and Panton Streets, enlarged and adapted for the purpose, until the present buildings, begun in 1876, were ready for habitation. The College, which is the first to greet the traveller to Cambridge from the south, stands on the right of the railway, a short distance from the station, and just outside the Borough boundaries. At present it consists of parallel blocks connected by other blocks at right angles, somewhat after the fashion of a game of dominoes, and is built of red brick, in the Elizabethan style. When finished, there will be accommo- dation for 300 Undergraduates, and a corresponding staff of Tutors, with a lodge for the Warden and a Chapel and Lecture Theatre. The College is surrounded by grounds, in which cricket, lawn tennis, etc., are played. There are now about 80 students in residence. Originally students of the College were admitted to the University through the Non-Collegiate Board ; but in November, 1882, Cavendish College was recognised as a Public Hostel, and thereby became independent of the Board. President. The Duke of Devonshire. Warden. John Cox, M.A., late Fellow of Trinity College. Chaplain. Rev. M. C. Sturges, M.A. Tutors. J. H. Flather, M.A. W. H. Whitfeld, M.A. Rev. M. C. Sturges, M.A. Bursar and Pi'celector. J. H. Flather, M.A. Secretary. R. Booth, Esq., 4, Stone Buildings, Lincoln's Inn, London. ADMISSION. All applications for admission to the College, and for other information, should be made to the Warden. There is an Entrance Examination consisting of two papers: (i) in Latin and Greek Accidence, with a few lines of translation, to be done with Dic- tionaries ; (2) in Arithmetic, Algebra to Simple Equations, and Euclid, Book I. SCHOLARSHIPS, EXHIBITIONS, ETC. Scholarships, probably three or four in number, will be given by examina- tion early in August, 1886, worth £^02, year, tenable for three years, for students under 1 7 years of age. Scholars will be required to enter in the following October, and to pass in due course the Examination for an Honour degree. They will be awarded for proficiency in one or more of the subjects of examina- tion, viz. (i) Latin and Greek, Trans- lation and Composition ; (2) Arithmetic, Euclid, Algebra, Trigonometry ; (3) not more than two of the following branches of Natural Science, viz.. Elementary Physics, Chemistry, Botany, and Geo- logy. Candidates must send in their names to the Warden at least a week before the Examination, and candidates in Natural Science must give notice of the subjects in which they wish to be examined, a fortnight beforehand. EXPENSES. An inclusive charge of eighty guineas a year for the course of three years is made for every Undergraduate of the College, which covers all University fees, up to and including the fee for the B.A. degree, and all College ex- penses, for tuition and board (including washing), during a yearly residence of about 40 weeks (including the Long Vacation Term). There are a few extra fees for medical students. CLUBS. All the clubs are amalgamated into one, styled the General Club. The 19 CAV— CHE entrance fee is one guinea, and sub- scription one guinea per term, and half-a-guinea in the Long Vacation Term. Those who pay this subscrip- tion become honorary members of the Boat, Cricket, Football, Lawn Tennis, Athletic, and Newspaper Clubs, with right to wear their colours. To entitle to active use of the Clubs, there is further an entrance fee of 2s. 6d., and 2s. 6d. annual subscription to the Athletic Club, and entrance fees to Boat Club 2s., Cricket Club 2s. 6^., Football Club is. 6d., Lawn Tennis Club IS. There is no extra entrance fee or subscription to the Debating Society or the Newspaper Club. The colours of the Boat, Cricket, Lawn Tennis, and Football Clubs are chocolate and blue, combined in various ways. Chancellor— William Cavendish, Duke of Devonshire, LL.D. (Trinity). — The highest officer in the Univer- sity is the Chancellor, who is elected by the Senate for two years, or for such time beyond two years as the tacit consent of the University per- mits. His duty is to govern the Uni- versity according to the Statutes, and *'he adjudicates in all causes between members of the University, except in matters of mayhem and felony." {See Vice -Chancellor and Judicial Proceedings.) Chancellor's Classical Me- dals (two Gold Medals annually), by Examination in the Lent Term, are open to those who have kept at least eight, and not more than ten terms. Chancellor's English Medal is given annually to such Undergraduate as shall compose the best Ode or Poem in heroic verse, of not more than 200 lines. Subject for next Poem, to be sent to the Vice-Chancellor on or be- fore February i, 1886, is "Bruges." Chancellor's Medal for Study of English Law, is open to candidates for the Law Tripos of the current year, and also to Graduates of a standing below Masters, and is awarded — but only in cases of excep- tional merit — to the candidate most distinguished in those parts of the Law Tripos which relate to English Real Property Law, English Personal Pro- perty Law, English Criminal Law, and English Legal and Constitutional History. Charon's. — The ferry across the river at Chesterton, at the point where the towing-path changes sides, near the end of the Racecourse, is called "Charon's Ferry" in University lan- guage, or briefly "Charon's." Mem- bers of any College Boat Club in boating costume have free passage over Charon's, for which right each Club pays, through the University Boat Club, ^s. a term. Chemistry, Professor of.— Founded by the University in 1 702 ; mode of election governed by the 1 88 1 Statutes. (6*^^ Professors.) The stipend is now £500, but by the new Statutes will be ;^85o. The present Professor is G. D. Liveing, M.A., F.R.S., Fellow of St. John's, under whom are two Demonstrators — W. J. Sell, M.A., and H. J. H. Fenton, M.A. (See also Natural Experi- mental Philosophy, Professor of.) Chess Club, Cambridge Uni- versity. — Entrance fee 5^., subscrip- tion ^s. a term, for life members £2, The Club meets for practice twice a week, and holds tourneys once a term. The winner of the May Term tourney, open only to Undergraduates, holds the Challenge Cup for the year. There is also an old-established Senior Uni- versity Chess Club confined to Graduates. The Inter-University Matches were played on March 26, 1885, at the St. George's Chess Club, London, the following being the ofiicial score : Cambridge.— J. D. Roberts, i ; H. G. Gwinner, o; H. W. Sherrard, 1% ; F. M. Young, I ; J. T. Gibson, o ; R. CHE— CHE 20 C. Allen, 1%; C. E. Chepmell, i^. Total, 6% games. Oxford.— C. D. Locock, o ; G. E. Wainwright, 2 ; J. W. Walker, J^ ; R. M. Barnett, o ; F. G. Newbolt, 2 ; H. A. Crump, ^ ; S. I. Buchanan, %. Total, 5^ games. Cambridge thus won the match with 6%, games to Ox ford's 5X- The score of the matches since 1873, the year of their institu- tion, shows that Cambridge has won 9 matches (82^ games), and Oxford 3 matches {()2% games). The match of 1883 resulted in a draw. Chest (University).— The an- nual income of the University paid into the Chest is derived from the following sources: (i) Common Rents (specially the Rectory at Burwell) and Dividends, amounting to about £3,000; (2) Degree Fees, about £11,500; (3) Fines and Licenses, about ;^I50; (4) Fees for Matriculation and Examinations, about ;!f 10,000; and (5) Capitation Tax on every member of the University, over £10,000. The total in 1884 amounted to about ;^3 5, 000. The payments from the Chest were, in 1884, (i) for stipends of Chief Officers about;^2,70o. Servants about ;f 750, Examiners about ;!£"3,ooo, certain Professors about £6,000, other Officers nearly ;^4,ooo, Rector and Curate of Burwell £450, total about ;^i7,ooo; (2) Expenditure on University Church, Senate House, Observatory, Botanic Garden, etc., with rates and taxes, about ^3,400 ; (3) General Building Fund £1,000, Museums' and Lecture Rooms' Maintenance Fund and Museums' Reserve Fund ;,f4,ooo ; (4) University Library, ;^3,5oo; (5) Mis- cellaneous, about £3,400; (6) Extra- ordinary, including advance of ;^3,400 on account of new buildings, over ;^5,400 ; making a total charge on the Chest of over £37,700. Some portion of several of the Professors' stipends, as also the University Scholarships and Prizes, are met from distinct Trust Funds, of which an account is published annually, with the rest of the University accounts. There is also, created by the 1882 Statutes, a second income accru- ing to the University, which has to be kept distinct from the Chest. This is the Common University Fund {which see), annually contributed by the several Colleges for University purposes. Subject to certain deductions in respect of Professorial Fellowships {see Pro- fessors), each College pays to this fund a percentage on its income, fixed for any year by the Financial Board, so that the total contribution for each of the years 1885-7 shall lie between ;^io,oooand;^i2,ooo; 1888-90, between £15,000 and ;£"i8,ooo; 1891-3, be- tween ^20,000 and ^24,000 ; 1894-6, between £25,000 and ;<^*30,ooo ; and for every subsequent year, between ;^30,ooo and £30,500. Out of this fund, payments for the following pur- poses only are to be made : (i) Stipends of Professors, Readers, and University Lecturers ; (2) Pensions of Professors and Readers ; (3) Salaries of Demon- strators, Superintendents, and Curators; (4) Erection of Museums and other University buildings, including pro- vision of sites and payment of interest and sinking fund on loans for the same ; (5) Maintenance of such buildings ; (6) Endowment of research. The amount expended in any year under (4) and (5) must never exceed one-third of the income of the fund. For the present, of course, many of these expenses are still in part charged on the Chest ; and it is clear that the arrangement of the University accounts must be in a tran- sitional state for the next twelve years at least. 21 CHR-CHR CHRIST'S COLLEGE. In 1439 ^^^ William Byngham, much concerned for the lack through- out England of schoolmasters of grammar — i.e., the Latin grammar and language — obtained license from Henry VI. for the foundation of a school of grammar in Cambridge, to be called God's House. This was established near Clare Hall, but a few years later moved, to make room for King's College, into the parish of St. Andrew. The institution never seems to have had more than four scholars, under a Proctor or Master, until Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Richmond and Derby, mother of Henry VII., in 1505 enlarged, enriched, and practically refounded it under the name of Christ's College. Lady Margaret was also the foundress of St. John's College. There are several portraits of her, generally in the attitude of prayer, in each of these Colleges, besides two at Trinity College and one in the University Library. The front of Christ's College, opposite St. Andrew's Church, except the gateway and the whole of the first court, has lost its ancient appearance under an eighteenth century monotonous stone casing. Opposite the entrance are the Master's Lodge, a small plain erection, and the Hall, lately rebuilt and enlarged, in a style copied from the old Hall. The Lodge contains amongst its portraits a good painting by Lely of Dr. Covel, a former Master ; and in the Hall is one of the portraits of the foundress. She also hangs in the Combination Room, in company with Archdeacon Paley and John Milton, and again in the Chapel. The latter is a very plain building, next to the Master's Lodge. In the east window is some old stained glass, representing the Crucifixion, and over the altar is a picture of the Descent from the Cross. There are numerous memorial tablets and slabs, and two brasses, one within the altar rails to Dr. Hawford, Master, and one in the ante-chapel to Edith Fowler, gentle- woman to Lady Margaret, and her husband. The Library occupies two rooms on the west side of the court, and contains a few curious books and MSS., altogether about 9,000 volumes. The block of rooms on the east side of the second or Tree Court is the best bit of architecture in the College ; it is in the Renaissance style, built in 1642, perhaps after designs by Inigo Jones. Beyond this is the Fellows' garden, one of the prettiest gardens in Cambridge. Here is the mulberry-tree said to have been planted by Milton, looking very ancient with all its props and wraps, but still producing much sweet fruit every season. There is a swimming-bath in the garden, surrounded by busts of Milton, Cudworth, and Saunderson, and an urn to the memory of Joseph Mede. The College has some very beautiful and rare specimens of ancient plate, left by the foundress, specially two hourglass-shaped salt-cellars, most deli- cately engraved, and six apostle spoons, one representing the Saviour with orb and cross in His hand being particularly rare. Among the famous members of this College were John Leland, the antiquary ; Hugh Latimer ; John Milton, and his friend Edward King ("Lycidas") ; Joseph Mede ; Francis Quarles ; Ralph Cudworth, Master of the College ; Archdeacon Paley ; the Earl of Liverpool ; and Charles Darwin. CHR— CHR 22 Visitor. The Vice-Chancellor with two Senior Doctors in Divinity, or, if the Vice- Chancellor be of Christ's College, the Provost of King's. Master. Rev. Charles Anthony Swainson, D. D., Lady Margaret Professor of Divinity. Tutors. Rev. James William Cartmell, M. A. Edward Seymer Thompson, M.A. Lecturers in Classics. John Peile, Litt.D. Edward Seymer Thompson, M.A. John Archibald Sharkey, M.A. Lecturers in Mathematics, Ernest William Hobson, M.A. John Greaves, M.A. Lecturer in Hebrew. Rev. William Henry Lowe, M.A. Lecturer in Natural Science. Sydney Howard Vines, M.A. Lectu7-er in Law. Henry Bond, M.A., M.L. Lecturer i7i Theology and Religious histructor. Rev. J. A. Robinson, M.A. Dean. Rev. J. A. Robinson, M.A. PrcElector, E. S. Thompson, M.A. Steward. John Greaves, M.A. Readers in Chapel. Rev. J. A. Robinson, M.A. Rev. Frederick Henry Chase, M.A, Fellows, [a) Philip John Hensley, M.A., M.D. \b) Rev. James William Cartmell, (fz) John Peile, Litt.D. [M.A. \b) Sydney Howard Vines, M.A. (^1 John Archibald Sharkey, M.A. \b\ Edward Seymer Thompson, M.A. lb) Ernest William Hobson, M.A. (<5) John Greaves, M.A. [M.A. (^) Rev. Walter William Skeat, {c) Philip Henry Clifford, M.A. \c) Charles Anthony Vince, M.A. \c\ Rev. Joseph Armitage Robinson, \c) Archer Green, M.A. [M.A. {c) Harry Marshall Ward, M.A. William Robertson Smith, M.A. {a) Fellows under the Statutes of i860. ib) Senior Fellows under the Statutes of 1882. ic) Junior Fellows under the Statutes of 1882. Honorary Fellows. Rev. Miles Joseph Berkeley, M.A., F.R.S., F.L.S. Ven. Samuel Cheetham, D.D. John Robert Seeley, M.A. ADMISSION. Every candidate for admission must send to the Tutor a certificate from a graduate of some English University, if possible from his Head Master (or House Master) or his private Tutor. There is no Entrance Examination. The admission fee is £1 ; and the Caution money, which is returned when the student becomes M.A., or ceases to be a member of the College, is ;!^I5' These sums have to be paid at the time when the student's name is placed on the Boards of the College. SCHOLARSHIPS, EXHIBITIONS, ETC. The scholars, about thirty in number, are maintained either from the Scholars' Fund, v^^hich receives annually one- fifth of the divisible income of the College, or from various Trust Funds. The stipends vary from about £'if> to j^'ioo a year ; and students may be elected at any of the annual College Examinations for proficiency in the subjects of any of the nine Triposes. Scholarships are tenable till the holders are of standing to take the B. A. degree, but in any case of special merit one may be extended until the scholar is of standing to become M. A. There is also an annual election to Entrance Scholar- ships from students vi^ho intend to com- mence residence at Easter or Michael- mas ; the next Examination v^ill begin on January 5, 1886, when scholars will be elected for proficiency in Classics, Mathematics, or Natural Science, or any two of these branches of study. These are tenable for two years, unless in the meantime the holder has been elected to a Foundation Scholarship. There are two Exhibitions of ;^50 a year each, and four of £'}p a year each, with preference to certain schools ; and other small Exhibitions are annually dis- tributed to the most deserving Under- graduates. There are ul prp^ent four or five Sizarships given to stuaents whoce means are inadequate without such help to bear the expenses of a University Course. No Examination is demanded, but the candidate may offer evidence of having passed with credit in some pubHc Examination, although the Master and Fellows do not bind themselves to give a preference to any candidate on this ground. The appointment is made at the end of the Easter Term, and is for one year only, but may be renewed if the conduct of the sizar has been in all respects satisfactory, to the end of the ninth term from the commencement of residence. The emoluments of a sizar are : Exemption from College payment (.^3 IOJ-.) and tuition fee (£6), and allowance of £2 for room-rent (if in College) each term, also allowance for fees due to the University and College after the time of his appointment — viz. for Matriculation, Previous, General, and Special Examinations, B.A. degree fees (to College and University). In some cases also the cost of dinner in Hall {is. lod. a day) may be allowed. Christopher Tancred, of Whixley Hall in the County of York, Esq. , founded four (now increased to five ; or more when the annual income will permit) Divinity Studentships, for student^ to be educated at this College, to which the Governors and Trustees of his Charities are the electors. A student, when elected to the Charity, must have attained the age of sixteen years, and be under that of twenty- two years. He is required to be admitted of this College, and to proceed to the degree of Bachelor of Arts as soon as he is of proper standing. He may hold his Studentship for three years after the degree of Bachelor of Arts, but no longer.* The annual income of each student is ;!^ioo. * Forms of Petitions and all information respecting the Tancred Studentships may be had of Bartle J. L. Frere, Esq., Clerk to the Governors and Trustees, 28, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London. 23 CHR— CHR- FELLOWSHIPS. The Fellowships under the new Statutes are divided into Senior and Junior Fellowships. The number of Senior Fellows must not exceed two- thirds nor be less than one-third of the whole number, excluding Supernu- merary and Honorary Fellows. All Fellows must be Graduate members of the College, or of the University of Cambridge or of Oxford. A Junior Fellow may be of any standing at the time of his election, and holds his Fellowship for six years from election or until he has been elected to a Senior Fellowship. In order to be elected to a Senior Fellowship it is necessary either {a) to hold one of certain speci- fied offices in the College or University ; or {b) to be engaged in other specified work under University sanction, either at Cambridge or elsewhere ; or [c) to be a person of known ability and learning engaged in research in any art or science. A Senior Fellow, who for twenty years has held one or other of the qualifying offices or employments, may retain his Fellowship for life with- out further obligation to service. Each Fellow receives a dividend from the annual balances of the College, not ex- ceeding ;^250 ; and those in residence are entitled also to rooms rent free and a weekly allowance for commons. EXPENSES. The following are the fixed termi- nal charges : Payment to the College, £7, los. ; tutor, £6 ; dinner in Hall, £^ los. (on the average, is. lod. a day). A resident B.A. pays as tuition fee £1 los. only, unless he is preparing for the second part of a Tripos, in which case he still pays £6. The rent of rooms in College varies from £2 to £"] 6s. Sd. a term. The College fee for the B.A. degree is £4. {See aha general article on Expenses. ) CLUBS. Membership of the six College Clubs- (Athletics, Boat, Cricket, Football, Lawn Tennis, and Musical) may be had on payment oi £\ los, as entrance fee. OHR— CLA 24 and £i lis. 6d. terminally. Where the payment of this sum is beyond the student's power, he may become member of one Club only at a lower rate by an arrangement made by his Tutor with the secretary of that Club. The colours of the Boat Club are dark blue and white ; and of the Athletics, Cricket, Football, and Lawn Tennis Clubs, chocolate and white. Member- ship of the Debating Society is Fvee. There is also a Natural Science Club, and a Musical and Social Club, called '''The Original Christy Minstrels." Cliurcli Missionary Union (University). — This Society is in connection with the Church Missionary Society, but is intended to unite all members of the University who are in- terested in Protestant missions. The reading-room, open daily, is at Car- rhe 1 ous ■ and ■ . of ■ penter's, All S^i^t.,' Passage. The magazines and reports of the various missionary societies are taken in, and there is also a library for the use of members. The subscription is 2s. a term. Meetings are held on Monday evenings at 6.30. Church Society (University). — This Society includes members of the University of all shades of belief, but belonging to the Church of England. It may thus be compared to the Church Congress. Meetings are held periodi- cally for discussion, introduced by papers on some subject connected with the work of the Church. The management of the Society is in the hands of a Junior Committee, consisting of resident members below the standing of M. A. ; but there is also a Senior Committee (of advice or reference), composed of Graduates of M.A. or higher standing. CLARE COLLEGE. This College, the oldest but one in the University, was founded under the name of University Hall in 1326, by Richard Badew, Chancellor of the University. After sixteen years '' a casual fire reduced the house to ashes ; " but it was rebuilt, re-endowed, and re-named by Lady Elizabeth de Clare, daughter of Gilbert de Clare, Earl of Gloucester and Hertford. From that time it has variously been called Clare House, Clare Hall, and lastly Clare College. The College of the foundress was falling into decay by the beginning of the seventeenth century, and the present building was begun in 1635, a little to the north of the former site, a portion of which was given to King's College in exchange for a piece of ground at the back. The great lawn of the latter College is overlooked by one side of Clare, the best view of which is obtained from King's Bridge. Clare College is perhaps the most elegant building in Cambridge, the front towards the river being specially beautiful. The single court of this College is approached through a small open space bounded on two sides by iron railings, and on the north side by the Chapel (1763-9), the exterior of which is ornamented with Corinthian pilasters, and topped with a cornice and balustrade. The ante-chapel, entered inside the court at the north-east corner, is an octagon, lighted from a richly-coloured dome, which gives a calm and sombre effect. The interior has a coved ceiling of stucco-work, seats and wainscoting well carved in Norway oak, and black and white marble floor. The chief object of interest is a fine altar-piece of the "Salutation," by Cipriani. The communion plate is of pure gold, richly embossed. Amongst the other plate belonging to the College is a curious cup, under the charge of the Master, called the *^ Poison Cup." It was presented by 25 CLA— CLA. William Butler, a distinguished physician and almoner of the College, who died in 1617-8, and is made of glass enclosed with filagree work. A stone which crowns the lid has the peculiar merit of splitting whenever poison is present in the cup. Happily no attempt has been made ta poison the authorities of Clare by any draught placed in this cup, and the stone is consequently still unsplit. The Hall, which occupies nearly half the length of the north side of the court, is a very handsome room, decorated in 1870 by Sir M. Digby Wyatt. It contains a music gallery at the west end,, leading into the Combination Room, which is one of the finest in the University. Here are portraits of the foundress (a copy by Freeman) ; Thomas Cecil, Earl of Exeter, by Mirevelt; Archbishop Tillotson ; the Duke of Newcastle, by Shackleton, and others. The Library, opening out of the Combination Room, is of about the same size as the latter, and extends to the end of this side of the court. Its fittings are of Norway oak. This Library is not very rich in rare books and manuscripts, but it contains a copy of the suppressed Folio Bible of Pope Sixtus V. The Master's Lodge occupies the northern part of the west side of the court, and behind it the Master's garden slopes down to the river. The west gateway leads — over the bridge of three arches, agreeing in style with the building — into a broad avenue of limes, which opens on the Backs. Beyond, on the other side of the public road, is the large Fellows' garden. Clare Avenue, which is broader than its famous rival at the back of Trinity, but not so long, resembles in its proportions rather the nave of a Norman cathedral, while the other may be compared to a long and lofty Gothic aisle. On the bridge the stranger may try to solve the problem of counting the number of stone balls which orna- ment it, or may gaze in both directions on the loveliest river scenery. Among the distinguished sons of this College were Hugh Latimer, bishop and martyr ; Nicholas Ferrar, founder of the Protestant monastery^ at Little Gidding ; John Tillotson, Archbishop of Canterbury ; and James Hervey, author of " Meditations." Ralph Cudworth was at one time Master, afterwards Master of Christ's. Visitor. Dean and Prcelector. The Chancellor, with two persons H. W. Fulford, M.A. appointed by Grace of the Senate. Bursar Master. , , . L. EwBANK, M.A. Edward Atkinson, D.D., elected in 1856. Librarian. Tutors. H. W. Fulford, M.A. W. Raynes, ma. ^ . ^ ,, W. L. MOLLISON. M.A. ,^ „, Senior Fellows , ' *Rev. Woodthorpe Scholefield* Lecturers. Collett M A W. Paynes, MA ^^^ William Raynes, M.A. \J\ ^^l^""^' ^'\. A ^LUCAS EWBANK. M.A. W. L MoLLisoN, M.A. P,^^ ^^^^ p^^^^ Taylor, M.A. H. W. Fulford, M.A. ^^^^ Charles Albert Stokes, M.A Assistant Lecturer in Theology. W. E. Barnes, MA. * Fellows under the old Statutes. CLA— CLA 26 George Herbert Lock, M.A. James Rendel Harris, M.A. William Loudon Mollison, M.A. Junior Fellows. Rev. Henry William Fulford, M.A. George Newton Pitt, M.A., M.D. Rev. Charles Lett Feltoe, M.A. John Reynolds Wardale, M.A. Thomas M 'Kenny Hughes, M.A. Robert Davies Roberts, M.A. Walter Gardiner, M.A. ADMISSION. Candidates for admission must make application to the Senior Tutor, who will forward the necessary forms. They have to undergo an Entrance Examina- tion, held at the end of the Lent and Easter Terms, and at the beginning of the October Term ; or occasionally an Examination is held privately in July or August. The subjects are Elementary Latin and Greek, Arithmetic, Euclid (Books I. -III.), and Algebra to Quad- ratic Equations. SCHOLARSHIPS, EXHIBITIONS, ETC. The Foundation Scholarships are as follows : Eight of ^60 per annum ; eight of £/\,o per annum ; eight of ;^20 per annum ; three of about £60 per annum, tenable for three years, with preference to sons of clergymen ; four of ;^5o per annum each. Three Minor Scholarships, at least, usually of ;^6o value, are offered annually for competi- tion among students intending to begin residence in the October Term, one of these being offered for proficiency in Natural Science. There are seven Ex- hibitions of value from £2^ to ;^50 per annum, with a preference to persons educated at certain schools. Grants from time to time are made from the Scholarship Fund to deserving students in straitened circumstances, whether scholars or not. FELLOWSHIPS. There are eight Senior and seven Junior Fellowships. The Fellowships are open to Bachelors of Arts or persons of a higher degree, without restriction as to marriage, and become vacant in five years eleven months, or before if the holder is presented to a College benefice worth £Apo. If Fellow hold the office of Professor. Public Orator, Registrary, or Librarian in the University, or the office of Tutor, Dean, Bursar, or Lecturer in the College he retains his Fellowship during tenure of such office ; and if he has held one or more of the College offices for twenty years in the aggregate, he may remain Fellow for life. There is one Profes- sorial Fellowship, and one may be held by a person not a member of the Uni- versity of Cambridge or of Oxford at the time of his election. For the re- maining Fellowships none but Graduates of the two Universities are eligible. The Senior and Junior Fellows enjoy the same privileges and receive the same emoluments, viz., a share of the Divisible Fund, not exceeding ;^25o, besides rooms and commons. EXPENSES. The ordinary College charges are as follows : tuition, £6 a term ; establish- ment charges, ;^io per annum; dinner in Hall, about 2s. a day; rent of rooms from ;^3 to £'] a term. The College fee for B.A. degree is £3 ioj. {See also general article on Expenses, and Fees, University.) CLUBS. Athletics. — Entrance fee, lOJ".; sub- scription, lOi". a term. Boat. — Entrance fee, £1 ; subscrip- tion, £1 per term. Colours, yellow and black. Cricket and Lawn Tennis. — No entrance fee ; subscription, £l 55-. a term (Lawn Tennis only, £l is. a term). Colours, yellow and black. Football. — (i) Association or (2) Rugby. No entrance fee ; subscription, ^s. a term. Colours, yellow and black. Musical Society. — Subscription, ^s. a term ; for honorary (non-singing) mem- bers, 2s. 6d. a term. Debating Society is open to all the College without subscription. There is also the Dilettanti — a social and literary society, limited to thirty- five members, subscription about 4f. a term. f a 1 5or, ■ 'ian fl ^or- ■ 27 CLA~CLA Classical Tripos. —The Classical Tripos consists of two parts, of which Part I. can be taken in the second or third Easter Term after the first term of residence, or, if previous Honours have been taken, in the fourth Easter Term ; and Part I. having been passed in a previous year, Part II. can be taken in the third or fourth Easter Term. If Part I. is passed in the third Easter Term a student can take his B.A. degree without further examina- tion ; but if Part I. is taken in the second Easter Term a degree can only be obtained either by passing a further Honours Examination of any Tripos, or one of the Special Examinations for an Ordinary degree. Part I. consists of four composition papers (Latin Prose, Greek Prose, Latin Verse and Greek Verse) ; two half papers, (i.) on Greek History (including Literature) and An- tiquities, (ii.) Roman History, etc. ; and two half papers, (i.) on Greek Grammar and Criticism, (ii.) Latin Grammar, etc. ; and five translation papers containing passages from the best Greek and Latin authors, with questions arising imme- diately out of the passages. Candidates who deserve Honours are placed in three classes, each class containing one or more divisions, the names in each division being arranged alphabeti- cally. Part II. consists of five sec- tions, A, B, C, D, E, of which A must be taken by all candidates, to- gether with one or two (but not more than two) of sections B, C, D, E. Section A comprises one paper for translation from English into Latin Prose, one from English into Greek Prose, one from Latin into English, and one from Greek into English. Section B (Ancient Philosophy) com- prises four papers, with passages for translation and questions on ancient philosophy arising therefrom, partly from a list of works selected from time to time by the Board for Classical Studies, and partly from other ancient philosophical works ; and one paper containing a number of alternative subjects for an English Essay. Section C (History) comprises five papers : (i), on general Greek and Roman History, political, constitutional, social, and literary (chronological limits prescribed from time to time) ; (2), on a special period of Greek History, with passages from the ancient authorities, including inscriptions for translation ; (3), on a special period of Roman History, with passages from the ancient authorities^ including inscriptions for translation ; (4), on general Greek and Roman Law in its historical development, with questions and passages for explanation from selected ancient writings bearing upon Law ; and (5), alternative sub- jects for an English Essay. Section D (Archaeology) comprises five papers : (i), on history of ancient Greek and Roman Art; (2), on Mythologies and religious beliefs, religious usages and customs of the ancient Greeks and Romans ; (3), on either a special class or group of monuments, or on the chorography, topography, and monu- ments of a special site or district (a) of the ancient Greek world, and (/3) of the ancient Roman world ; (4), on the art and handicraft, and the in- scriptions of the ancient Greeks and Romans, in relation to their domestic and national life ; and (5), alternative subjects for an English Essay. Dis- tinction in this section may be obtained by a thorough knowledge of a part of it. Section E (Language) comprises four papers: (i), (a) on Greek Ety- mology and history of Greek dialects, (/3) on Greek Syntax, and (y) Ety- mology and usages of the Greek and Latin languages compared with one another ; (2), (a) on Latin Etymology and history of cognate Italian dialects, {(3) Latin Syntax, and (y) Latin and Greek Etymology, etc., compared ; (3), (a) on Sanskrit Grammar, specially as illustrating Latin and Greek, (/3) trans- lation from selected Sanskrit authors [this paper is not essential for obtain- ing a First Class] ; (4), (a) on the •CLA— COM 28 general comparative grammar of the Indo-European languages, with special reference to Greek and Latin, (/3) history of alphabets, and (y) on selected por- tion or portions of the comparative grammar of the Indo-European lan- guages. No essay is set in this section, but any candidate is at liberty to send up (a fortnight before the Examination begins) an English Essay on some sub- ject comprised in it, upon which Essay he is examined viva voce, as the Ex- aminers think fit. Selected subjects and books for all the sections are pub- lished by the Board of Classical Studies at least two years before the Examina- tion. Those candidates who pass with credit are placed in three classes, arranged alphabetically ; and in the case of every student in the First Class the class list shows (i) the subject or subjects for which he is placed in that class ; and (2) in which of those sub- jects, if any, he passed with special 7, if a man gets rooms in College, which is not often the case, in his first term ; or between £22 and £^,7 if he goes into lodgings. The lower figure can hardly be improved upon, but of course the upper figure can be easily exceeded. (3) Cost of Livings and College estab- lishment charges : (a) Room-rent varies considerably in different Colleges, partly because rates, taxes, and fixtures are sometimes included and sometimes charged separately ; and where it is high. Undergraduates can choose lodgings, the cost of which varies from ^5 to ^16 a term, according to size and situation. This rent in- cludes attendance, which in College is charged at from £1 to £2 a term. A low estimate for rooms, attendance, taxes, etc., is ^f 16 5^-. a year. {b) Coals and laundress may be put at between £8 and £\\ 2l year. (r) The establishment charges vary in different Colleges, and in some cases are charged in a lump sum, and in others distributed in particular items. The usual charge is about £\o 2^ year, and the highest (at Trinity) £20. (^) Meals : Dinner in Hall is a com- pulsory meal {i.e.^ attendance on it and payment for it are compulsory, except under special leave of absence), and the charge at different Colleges and at different times varies from \s. 6d. to 2s. 6d. a day, say, on an average, about 2s. "Commons," i.e., bread, butter, and milk, are supplied for breakfast and tea from the buttery in fixed quantities, at from 6d. to lod. a day, but less may be ordered, if desired, or these provisions may be obtained from tradesmen in the town. Dinner and commons together will therefore amount (at the lowest estimate of 2s, 6d. a day for twenty-six weeks) to £22 155-. a year. There will be, besides this, the necessary item of groceries, amounting at the least to £i a term, and more often to £2 or more. Further, there is the more or less neces- sary "cook's bill," for dishes supplied for breakfast or lunch, and for extras in Hall ; "various restrictions are made at different Colleges as to its amount. Some students spend little or nothing under this head, but ;^5 a term is not an uncommon amount, and in many cases it is very considerably more." The minimum expenditure on board and lodging is thus seen to be about sixty guineas a year. £ ^' Rooms, Attendance, etc. 16 5 Coals and Laundress ... 80 Establishment Charges 10 o Dinner and Commons ... 22 15 Groceries 3 o Cook's Bill 3 o Total ... £6^ o Residence during ihe months of July and August is allowed to steady students reading for Honours ; and such students, if living in lodgings, are generally required to come into College, but no rent is charged for rooms. The total cost of this Long Vacation residence need not be more than;^io or;^i2. (4) Tuition is charged at every College at a fixed rate, usually £6 a term (but at King's ;^7, and Trinity £^), The Tutor's fee covers all lectures and other teaching given in the College, as well as paying for the Tutor's salary and expenses, connected with the collection of College payments, and the general supervision of the pupils under him. Where the teaching given in College is not sufficient for any student, he is generally allowed the cost of a certain number of University or Inter- Collegiate Lectures ; but some will find it necessary to have further recourse to private tui- tion. This is generally only required in the Long Vacation, when lectures are scarce ; or for a few terms only in some special subject. However, men who aim at high Mathematical Honours for the most part still read with a coach, although some of the Colleges are now making special efforts to provide the full teaching required in Mathematics as well as in other studies. Backward students also, who can afford it, often indulge almost every term in a Poll Coach, whom they expect to do all the necessary cramming for them. Under the head of cost of learning must also be reckoned the Bookseller's Bill, say from £6 to £io a year. The lowest annual expenditure on studies is there- fore about ;i^26, or if a man resides in the Long Vacation about £36. (5) Personal Expenses of course vary more widely than any other kind of expenditure. \a) Travelling to and from Cam- bridge three times in the year is a con- siderable item, say on an average £6. (<^) Amusements and recreation may be had very cheaply by men who are content to take their daily exercise in walks ; and subscription to the various College Athletic Clubs is quite volun- tary. The subscription to the College Reading Rooms is very slight ; but most men who can afford it join the Union {which see). (<;) Dress need cost no more at Cam- bridge than anywhere else, specially if the ready money system is followed. {d) Hospitality^ shown principally in giving breakfasts or luncheons (as din- ner is a common meal), is of course a 43 EXP— FEE very variable quantity. ** Breakfasts" in especial, by an unfortunate custom, have come to be absurdly heavy meals, but of course an Undergraduate pos- sessed of a little courage may invite one or two friends to a simple and inex- pensive meal. Any one who contemplates entering the University will be able to judge for himself, from the above particulars, how far, if at all, he would be able to reduce his annual expenditure below ^140. ZTxperimental Physics, Pro- fessor of. — This Professorship was established by the University in 187 1 for the advancement of the knowledge of Heat, Electricity, and Magnetism especially, and was intended to termi- nate with the tenure of office of its first holder, J. Clerk Maxwell. It was made permanent under the 1882 Statutes, by which the stipend was raised to ;^85o, and mode of election, etc., regulated {see Professors). The present Pro- fessor, Joseph John Thomson, M.A., F.R.S., Fellow of Trinity, was elected in December, 1884. He is assisted by two Demonstrators (salary £\^o each), R. T. Glazebrook, M.A., F.R.S., Fellow of Trinity, and W. N. Shaw, M.A., Fellow of Emmanuel, and two Assistant Demonstrators. This Pro- fessor is sometimes called the Caven- dish Professor, as he has charge of the Cavendish Laboratory. Fees (University).— ('SV^ also Expenses.) Matriculation, £ s. d. Nobleman ... 15 10 o Fellow Commoner 10 10 o All other persons 5 o o All other persons matriculated by special permission on any other day than a day of General Matriculation (excepting candidates for Musical Degrees), an extra fee of ... o 10 6 FEE— FEL 44 Capiiation Tax. £ s. d. All members of the Uni- versity, per annum ... o 17 o Exam inations. Previous Examination (for each of Parts I. and IT., or on exemption from either of these parts) ... ... i 5 o General Examination ... i 5 o On admission to a Tripos Examination (to come into force on first day of Easter Term, 1887) 220 On admission to any Special Examination (to come into force on first day of Easter Term, 1887) 220 Bachelor of Medicine (First Examination, for each of the two parts) ... ... i 11 6 Bachelorof Medicine (Second Examination, for each of the two parts) i il 6 Bachelor of Surgery... ...220 Master of Surgery 3 3 o State Medicine (for each of Parts I. and II.) 4 4 o Bachelor of Music (Part I.) (to come into force on first day of Easter Term, 1887) 220 Bachelorof Music (Part III.) 330 Doctor of Music ... ... 3 3 o \^ A candidate who has once paid the fee for a. Tripos Examination, does not pay it again on admission to any other Examination for a Tripos. To the Regius Professor of Laws (Papers 4, 5, and 6 of the Tripos Examination, when taken alone for the LL.B. or LL.M. degree) jf3 3 o To the Regius Professor of Laws (the Act for the de- gree of LL.D.) 10 10 o £ s d. B.A. or LL.B. at other times 10 10 o M. A. or LL.M 12 o o M.B 800 M.B. (if B.A. or LL.B. pre- viously) 200 M.B. (if B.C. previously) ... 6 o o B.C 800 B.C. (if B.A. or LL.B. pre- viously) 200 B.C. (if M.B. previously) ...600 M.C 800 B.D 800 Mus. B 500 Mus. D 10 o o Doctors in all other Faculties 20 o o Privy Councillors, Bishops, etc., admitted to degrees conferred honoris causa, pay twice the ordinary fee for the degree, and £\o \os. in consideration of the Orator's Speech. Persons admitted to degrees conferred honoris causa " for conspicuous merit," pay the ordinary fee for the degree, and £5 5>r. in consideration of the Orator's Speech. Persons admitted to Titular degrees pay no fee. Candidates for degrees conferred in Iheir absence pay ;^5 in addition to the ordinary fee. The fees for the incorporation of a Graduate from Oxford or Dublin are the fee for matriculation, and that for the degree to which the candidate is admitted. Degrees, B.A. or LL.B. at times of General Admission ... 7 Fellow -Commoners. — Under- graduates and Bachelors who are allowed to dine with the Fellows, and have some other privileges for the payment of higher fees, are called Fellow-com- moners. The class has now nearly died out, except at Downing College, where, according to the 1884 Calendar, there are twenty-one Undergraduate Fellow-commoners, against four only in all the other Colleges put together. Fellows. — There are about 350 Fellows altogether in the different Colleges. They are for the most part chosen from among the B.As. of the College, who have taken the best degrees ; but at Trinity there is a stiff Examination and a dissertation to be written for a Fellowship ; at St. John's also there is a Fellowship Examination, and at King's a dissertation is required. The number and conditions of the Fellowships at each College are given under the separate Colleges. By the 1882 Statutes their value in each case is limited to £250, exclusive of rooms and commons ; and the actual value, which depends on the available balance for distribution at the end of the year, is in many cases at present much less than that amount. The tenure is also limited to about six years unless the Fellow holds certain College or Uni- versity offices, and the Fellowship is vacated on presentation to a College living worth ;^400. The new Statutes have altogether removed the mediaeval remnant of celibacy, as a condition in the tenure of College Fellowships. Till that date, in many Colleges a Fellowship could be retained for life, though the Fellow was living in New Zealand, as long as he remained un- married ; while residents, working hard for their College, lost their Fel- lowship as soon as they lapsed into matrimony. One disadvantage of the system is illustrated by the following story : A. B. , Fellow of Col- lege, went to Australia, married, and continued to draw his annual stipend, forgetting to tell the College of his wedding ; when he died, his widow applied for the money to be continued to herself. Now nothing is said about marriage, but some of the Fel- lows are obliged to reside within the precincts of the College during term time. Trinity Hall and Jesus College have built houses adjoining the College for married Tutors, and other Colleges may one day follow suit. 45 FEL— FIT Fine Art, Slade Professor of. — Established in 1869 on an endow- ment left by Mr. Felix Slade, which produces an annual stipend of about £350. The Professor is elected for three years, but may be re-elected ; the electors being the Vice- Chancellor, three persons on the Electoral Roll appointed by the Senate, the Presidents of the Royal Academy and of Uni- versity College, London, and Mr. A. W. Franks, the last being nominated for life. The Professor is not bound to reside at the University, but must give a course of not less than twelve lectures every year. Since 1873 the post has been held by Sidney Colvin, M. A. Fitzwilliam Museum.— Richard, Viscount Fitzwilliam, dying in 1816, bequeathed to the University his fine collection of pictures, books, illuminated MSS., engravings, etc., together with £100,000 South Sea Annuities, the dividends of which were to be used for the erection of a museum to contain the collection. Various benefactions have since been received. The building was begun in 1837, from the designs of Basevi, and was carried on after his death by Cockerell ; the galleries were opened in 1849, but by that time the accumulated funds were exhausted, and not till 1870 was the completion of the entrance hall, etc., undertaken. The Fitzwilliam is one of the finest modern Grecian buildings in existence ; the noble portico, with its Corinthian pillars and sculptured pedi- ment, the warmly decorated entrance hall, and the beautiful rooms, are alike effective. The Picture Galleries, how- ever, which are all on the first floor, are rather too lofty for their purpose. Convenient movable catalogues are placed in each gallery, so that it is un- necessary to specify many of the prin- cipal pictures. There are but few representative examples of the greatest masters : e.g., *' Hermes, Herse, and Agraulos," by Paul Veronese, repre- senting the moment when Agraulos is FIT- FOO 46 being turned to stone for jealousy of her sister ; a "Venus and Cupid," by the elder Palma ; a fine " Portrait of a Dutch Officer," by Rembrandt, and tv/o good portraits by Hogarth. The hand of Titian can be traced in parts of the important work of his school, a ** Lady and Gentleman," erroneously called for a long time " Philip II. and the Marchioness D'Eboli " ; and there is a copy of Giorgione's ** Venus" at Dresden. Of great masters on a lower level, there are several excellent ex- amples : e.g.^ Gerard Dow, specially his "Schoolmaster"; Adam Elsheimer of Frankfort, ' ' Latona and the Shep- herds," and "Cupid and Psyche"; Teniers and many other Dutch and Flemish painters, and some of the modern English school. One of the greatest treasures of the Museum is a cabinet containing twenty- five water- colour drawings by Turner, presented by Mir. Ruskin, which can be seen by any Graduate. On the ground floor is the Sculpture Gallery, in which are some fine antique maibles, chiefly those col- lected by Mr. J. Disney ; and here is also an instructive series of Greek vases from Colonel Leake's collection, together with other miscellaneous an- tiquities and an ivory model of the Tagh Mahal. The casts of ancient sculptures formerly in this room have been re- moved to the Arch geological Museum. The Library, next to the Sculpture Gallery, includes ' ' an important library of printed and manuscript music, il- luminated books and miniatures, and a magnificent series of engravings of the old German, Netherlandish, Italian, and Flemish masters," all collected by Fitz- william. The music has been supple- mented by a collection of musical works presented by Mr. Fendlebury, which may be borrowed from the Library (three volumes at a time) by any Graduate or any person on recommen- dation of the Board of Musical Studies. The engravings, formerly pasted in books, are being separately mounted, and a selection of them is always on public view in stands placed in the Picture Galleries. The Library can only be inspected by Graduates and their friends whom they accompany, or by Un- dergraduates -with an order from their College Tutor. The Picture and Sculpture Galleries are open to the public, every week-day except Friday, from lo to 4 ( 10 to 6 in the summer months). Fridays are reserved for Graduates and Under- graduates in cap and gown, and friends accompanying them. Football Clubs, Cambridge University. —(I.) The Rugby Union Football Club won six matches out of ten last season, and lost only three, one of which was the match against Ox- ford, played on December 10, 1884, and lost by a try to three goals and a try. The Cambridge team in this match consisted of H. F. Adams (Queens'), back ; C. E. Chapman (Sidney), C. H. Sample (Em- manuel), and J. Le Fleming (Clare), three-quarter backs ; E. A. Douglas (Christ's) and C. H. Neilson (St. John's), half-backs ; C. B. J. Milne (Pembroke), H. F. Ransome (Caius), G. Jeffrey (Caius), V. C. Le Fanu (Trinity), H. W. Sample (Peterhouse), F. G. Swayne (Trinity), L. E. Stevenson (Christ's), W. T. Plews (Trinity Hall), and E. P. Alexander (Jesus), forwards. The result of this match left the score — Oxford 6, Cambridge 2, drawn 4. The United Universities played against London, on Nov. 9, and were very easily defeated, London winning by two goals and three tries to nothing. (2.) The Association Football Club, Captain (1884-5) W. N. Cobbold (Jesus), won fourteen matches out of twenty-one, including that against Oxford at the Oval on February 24, 1885, and lost four. The Cambridge team in the match with Oxford consisted of M. J. Rendall (Trinity), goal ; A. M. Walters (Trinity) and H. Buckley (Jesus), backs ; A. Amos (Clare), T. W. Blenkiron (Trinity), and F. E. Saunders (Caius), half-backs ; B. W. Spilsbury (Jesus) and T. H. Marsh (Pembroke), right wing ; T. Lindley (Caius), centre ; and W. N. Cobbold (Jesus), captain. 47 FOO-FRE and F. Marchant (Trinity), left wing. The result of this match left Cambridge with eight wins against four scored by Oxford. On January 10,1885, the United Universities played against London and the South, and won easily by six goals to one. The Inter-Collegiate Associa- tion Cup was won by Jesus College. Footlights, The.— This dramatic Club was established in 1883, in order to develop latent histrionic talent in such members of the University as choose to join it. Social evenings, with songs, recitations, etc., by the members, are held every term ; and to these gather- ings members are at liberty to introduce friends. Public entertainments are given from time to time at the Theatre Royal. {See also A. D. C. ) Freshmen. — An Undergraduate is properly a Freshman till the end of his first year, but he forgets the fact by the end of his first term, and wishes others to forget it before the end of his first week. If he would be successful in hiding the natural disgrace of verdancy, a few elementary precautions must be taken. First, he must Jiot alight on the Cambridge platform with high hat on head, or hat-box in hand ; chimney- pots and their cases must on all accounts be left at home. In the matter of hats, there is safety in the ordinary hard round felt ; even a straw hat should not be brought up, as the colour of the straw and of the ribbon will depend on the College Club which is eventually joined. Scotch bonnets, wide-awakes, and other soft things may be donned later according to taste, but the diffident ones had better begin with billycocks. Morning coats may be brought in the portmanteau, but the short tailless jacket looks more natural on the back. Having arrived, one of the first things is to get a cap and gown, which have to be worn in a peculiar way ; the latter with the loop inside, and the former so placed on the head that the wearer can see one of the four corners (there is only one way of doing this). This academical dress has to be worn after dark, and in attending lectures, etc., according to University and College regulations ; and by the more crushing laws of custom gloves, sticks, and umbrellas cannot be carried at the same time. But enough of dress. Only one other accoutrement must be mentioned as absolutely to be left behind, along with boyhood, viz. , sugar- tongs ; for lump sugar, in Cambridge, is generally passed round and taken with the clean finger and thumb. The hands have little other social use, for there is total abstinence from handshaking, ex- cept on the first and last occasion of seeing an acquaintance in any term. When two men meet in the street or road who have nothing to say, they do not stop and say it, nor even mutter in passing, " Do ? " but the tiniest nod or the least perceptible motion of the near eyelid suffices. The fresh springy youth, who comes up with some boyish bubbling gush and sentiment, need not let himself be frozen by the seeming coldness and formality of the social atmosphere ; and must never imagine himself "cut," but rather believe, till he meets with proof absolute, either that his seeming haughty senior is really short-sighted, or that his own sight is not clear enough to distinguish the courtly motion of the eyelid. A shy and lonely lad has often found his first term disappointing, from the lack of friends or even speaking ac- quaintances he has made ; it is almost as easy to live alone in Cambridge as in London. But on the other hand a little courage will melt the frozen surface, and persistency will even pierce the stony case of formality, and the Cam- bridge waters of comradeship will flow free and friendly. For instance, in most Colleges, a Freshman will find cards left upon him by the unseen hands of men senior to him ; such calls he must perseveringly return, and that too, until he finds each of his several callers in ; the ordeal may be severe, but among them all he is sure to find some whose acquaintance vvill be agreeably FRE-GEN 48 and perhaps one whose friendship will be valuable ; the others will doubtless drop away gradually. If these calls are not returned as soon as possible, the term will soon slip by, and one opportunity of knowing these slightly older men will have gone, never to return. However, of course the largest number of close friendships will naturally be made with other Freshmen ; for are they not ' ' fed at the same Hall, struck by the same novelty, subject to the same lectures, tubbed in the same boats, inspired and depressed by the same Little-go and chance of being ploughed therein?" But even these frequent means of intercourse must be cultivated, or they will be barren. There are other cards and circulars, which a Freshman will find on his table very punctually, besides those of the mysterious second year man, viz., those of tradesmen, and those of secre- taries of every species of Society or Club. The former may be used as pipelights, or at any rate need not be "returned" at once. The latter also should not be hastily answered ; even the College Clubs need not be joined, if a man has resolved that walking is the most suitable exercise for his muscles and his purse, and no Societies outside the College except the Union need be considered in the first term at least. A book called "A Compendium of University Regulations " will be given to the Freshman on his first arrival ; this he will do well to glance at — it is written in plain English — in order to find out what he is expected by the authorities to avoid, ^.^., smoking in the streets, dabbling in debts or other kinds of wastefulness, promoting horse- races or driving tandems. Disregard of these regulations, when discovered, is met with more or less serious dis- comforts. The Proctors, who attend to some of these matters, cannot be safely run away from, unless the flight be successful. One other matter of be- haviour is not specified in the Com- pendium. There is a horrible tradition, still simmering at Cambridge, that one mark of an Undergraduate is to attend public entertainments at the Town Hall, and make a disturbance ; or to parade the streets on the 5th of Novem- ber and try to provoke a town and gown row. These things become rarer every year : and that they occur only in the October Term is due to the fact that only Freshmen take part in them. Any Freshman, therefore, who does not wish to air his greenness, will avoid this blackguard rowdyism. Gate-fines. — All College gates and the doors of all licensed lodgings are locked at ten o'clock, and '' Gate-fines " are inflicted on Undergraduates and Bachelors coming in after that hour. These fines, as a rule, only begin to be serious when midnight is passed ; and the transgressor in such cases will often find himself called upon to pay a matu- tinal visit to the Dean or Tutor. Gating is a punishment inflicted for breaches of discipline, and consists in being obliged to be in by some hour earlier than ten o'clock. A man who is "gated "and comes in late, without being able to give a good reason for it, is liable to something much more serious than "Gate-fines." General Examination {see Arts, Proceedings in). — The General Examination consists of papers on (i), The Acts of the Apostles in the original Greek ; (2), a Latin Classic ; (3), a Greek Classic ; (4), Algebra; (5), Ele- mentary Statics, treated so as not necessarily to require a knowledge of Trigonometry; (6), Elementary Hydro- statics and Heat. No person shall be approved by the Examiners unless he show a competent knowledge of each of the above subjects of ex- amination. There are two additional papers, one containing one or more passages of English for translation into Latin Prose, and the other contain- ing one or more subjects for an English Essay and questions on a selected play of Shukespe^e or portion of the works of Mil* on. These papers are not obligatory. The Examination is held twice a year in the Easter an^ Michaelmas Terms, and the selected Latin, Greek, and English subjects foe any year are an- nounced in the Easter Term of the previous year. The Examination is conducted entirely by printed papers ; and the successful candidates are placed in four classes, arranged alphabetically. Geological Museum. — This museum is in Senate House Passage, under Cockerell's Room in the Library, but the entrance is through the old gate of King's opposite Clare College. 49 GEN-GIR The collection was started by Wood- ward, founder of the Geological Pro- fessorship, and was largely increased under Sedgwick, the late holder of that chair, in memory of whom a new Geological Museum will shortly be built, when the rooms of the present Museum will probably be incorporated into the Library. The public are admitted between lo and 4. Geology, Woodwardiaix Pro- fessor Oi. — Founded by Dr. Wood- ward in 1727 ; election in future re- gulated by the 1881 Statutes [see Professors). Stipend ;^5oo, to be raised on next vacancy to £700. The present Professor is T. McK. Hughes, M.A., Fellow of Clare. GIRTON COLLEGE. This College for the higher education of women was started in 1869, in a hired house at Hitchin, with six students. A few Graduates were induced to go all the way from Cambridge to lecture once, or more often, every week, but the manifest inconvenience of the distance led to a removal nearer Cambridge. The authorities could not, however, persuade them- selves to settle in the heart of the University ; they therefore alighted on a spot about two miles from the centre of the town, on the Huntingdon Road, in the parish of Girton. Here a convenient red-brick building was opened in 1873 J it was enlarged in 1878, and again in 1883-4, so that it now contains rooms for the Mistress, resident lecturers, and about eighty students, with Hall, Lecture-rooms, Library, Gymnasium, and Hospital, etc. From 1873 to 1 881, students of the College were informally admitted to various University Examinations, qualifying for the B. A. degree, after having fulfilled conditions of residence, etc., similar to those of members of the University. Since 1881 they have been admitted formally to the Previous and Tripos Examinations {see Women at the Univer- sity), and some students have been also examined informally, as before, in the Examinations for the ordinary degree. The Executive Committee consists of about thirty ladies and gentle- men, with the following officers : Ho7t. Secretary. Miss Davies, 17, Cunningham Place, London, N.W. Secreta7y. Miss Kensington, 22, Gloucester Place, Hyde Park, London, W. Bursar. Mrs. Croom Robertson, 31, Kensington Park Gardens, W. Mistress. AIiss Welsh. Secretary to the Mistress. Miss Ward. Resident Lecturers. Miss Jex-Blake [Classics). Miss Sheldon [Mathematics). Miss Anelay [Natural Science). Miss C. Jones [Moral Science). GIR-GOV 50 ADMISSION. Candidates for admission, who, ex- cept in special cases, must not be under the age of eighteen, have to undergo an Entrance Examination, held in London and other centres, in March and June. Application should be made to the Secretary for Forms of Entry "in time to return them, filled up, with the Examination fee (£i) not later than January 31 for the March Examina- tion, and April 30 for the June Examination." Holders of certain Examination certificates are excused this Entrance Examination. *' Students are not obliged to reside for the whole course of nine terms, but any one who can only afford a shorter time may enter and share in the advantages of the College for such time as she may be able to stay." SCHOLARSHIPS, EXHIBITIONS, ETC. About six Scholarships or Exhi- bitions, worth from ;^30 to £80 a year each, and tenable for three years, are annually awarded on the results of the Entrance Examinations, or of an Exami- nation in some special subject held at the same time. Particulars of those to be offered on any occasion may be obtained from the Secretary. " The Scholarships may be augmented in special cases of prom.ising students who need further assistance. There are also possibilities of assistance, by way of loan on easy terms, to students unable to meet the whole expenses " (as to which application should be made to the Secretary). EXPENSES. **The charge for board, lodging, and instruction is £35 per term, paid in advance. This sum covers the whole of the University and College charges," including Examination fees. Students residing during part of the Long Vacation are charged in accordance with the number of weeks for which they stay. CLUBS AND SOCIETIES. There are in the College Lawn Tennis Clubs y entrance fee 55-., sub- scription 2s. 6d. a term ; Gymiusium Chtbj entrance fee is., subscriptton 6d, a term ; Racquet Court Clnb, entrance 6d. ; Dra?jiatic Club, entrance (>d. , and other literary clubs ; a Choral Society ; Debating Societies ; and Fire Brigade. Golf Club, Cambridge XXni- versity. — This Club, established in 1876, has now over 100 members. The subscription is \os, a term, and entrance fee £\ \s. There is a terminal com- petition for the * ' Linskill " Challenge Cup and the "Pirie" Medal. In the 1884-5 season the Club lost the match against Oxford by one hole to thirty- nine. Gonville and Caius College. — This College, founded by Edmond Gonvil in 1348, and refounded by Dr. John Caius in 1558, is commonly called Caius (now pronounced "Keys") Col- lege. As Fuller says, Dr. Caius ' ' gave it a new name, to be called Gonville and Caius College ; but as in the con- junction of two Roman Consuls, Bibulus and Caius Julius Csesar, the former was eclipsed by the lustre of the latter, so this his namesake Caius, hath in some sort obscured his partner, carrying away the name of the College in common discourse." {For particulars see Caius College.) Governing Body.— The legisla- tive body of the University is called the Senate, and its meetings (or Congrega- tions) are held in the Senate House. The Chancellor, Vice - Chancellor, Doctors of Divinity, Law, Medicine, Science, and Letters, Bachelors of Divinity, and Masters of Arts, Law, and Surgery, who retain their names on the University Register by payment of the necessary fees, have votes in this assembly. Every proposal — or Grace, as it is called — offered to the Senate for confirmation must first receive the sanction of the Council of the Senate. This body consists of the Chancellor and Vice - Chancellor as ex - officio members and four Heads of Colleges, four Professors, and eight other members of the Senate, chosen from and by the Electoral Roll at biennial elections to hold office for four years. The Electoral Roll is composed of resident members of the Senate, together with all officers of the University Keing members of the Senate, the Heads of Houses, the Professors, and the Public Examiners. The executive officers of the Uni- v-ersity are the Chancellor, High Steward, Vice-Chancellor, Commissary, Sex Viri, Public Orator, Librarian, Registrary, Proctors, Esquire Bedells, and University Marshals. For their several duties, see separate headings. Grace.— (^^^ Governing Body.) Graduate.— Any member of the University who has been admitted to the Bachelor's, or any higher degree, is a Graduate ; but Bachelors of Arts or of Law are still in statu pupilla7'i, and Bachelors of Arts, Law, Medicine, or Surgery do not enjoy the higher privi- leges of Graduateship, specially mem- bership of the Senate. Greek, Regius Professor of. — The appointment to this Professor- ship, founded by Henry VHL, 1540, is by the Council of the Senate. The stipend is now £^^0 a year with a Canonry in Ely Cathedral. On the next vacancy the Canonry will be severed from this Professorship, and the stipend will then be £650 (inclu- ding a Fellowship at Trinity College). The present Professor is B. H. Ken- nedy, D.D., Honorary Fellow of St. John's. Grind, — There are three kinds of *' grind " in Cambridge ; (i), a chain- ferry ; (2), a constitutional walk, par- ticularly the Grantchester *'grind"; (3), laborious study. Gymnasium, in Market Passage, is open to members of the University every week-day, except Wednesday, from II to 4.30. Wednesday is the ladies' day, and the evenings are for townsmen. I GOV-HAR Gyp. — The male servants who attend to College rooms are called Gyps. 3Iall. — One of the most conspicuous buildings in every College is the Hall, used, of course, primarily for dinner, but also for the Annual College Ex- aminations, and in some cases occasion- ally as a Lecture Room. In University colloquialism, * ' Hall " is synonymous v/ith ''dinner in the College Hall." Halls. — The Colleges at Cambridge were all originally named " Houses " or "Halls." Gradually the name Col- lege, at first applied only to the mem- bers of the establishment, was extended to the buildings. Now the only Halls are Trinity Hall and Ridley Hall. The former differs in no respect from a College, and only retains the older name, to distinguish it from its larger neighbour. Trinity College ; while the latter is only for Graduates. Hare and Hounds Club, Cam- bridge University . — This Club meets for a run over the suitable country round Cambridge usually twice a week during the Michaelmas and Lent Terms. In the season 1 884-5, the Club was successful against the Oxford University Club for the fourth time in succession ; but was defeated by the South London Harriers. The team against Oxford consisted of L. W. Reed (St. John's), S. H.Whateley (Queens'), R, R. Conway (St. Catharine's), T. H. Kirby (St. John's), and F. A. Dale (Corpus). Hare Prize (about £()o) is given once in four years for an Essay on Ancient History or Philosophy, open to Gradu- ates of not more than ten years' standing. Harkness Scholarship.— Mrs. Pearson, of Penrith, who died in 1884, bequeathed £1,750 to the University of Cambridge, to found a Scholarship in Geology and Palaeontology, to be named after her late brother. Professor Hark- ness, of Cork. Regulations for this Scholarship are not yet framed. Mrs. Pearson also left money for a similar Scholarship open to students of Girton and Newnham Colleges. HAR-HON 52 Harness Prize (about ^15), for best English Essay on some subject connected with Shakespearian Litera- ture, is given triennially ; open to Undergraduates and Bachelors. Sub- ject for Essay, to be sent up on or before January 30, 1886, is ''A Critical Examination of the Influence exercised by Marlowe upon Shakespeare's Earlier Style." Hawks' Club.— This is a cricket and social club; entrance fee £1 is., subscription £1 is. for the October and Lent Terms, and ^i 6s. for the May Term. It consists of present or past members of the University ; and the election is by ballot of the com- mittee, one black ball excluding. The Club Rooms, open daily, are at Car- penter's, All Saints' Passage. Hebrew Prize (about ;£"2o) is given to the best candidate in Hebrew in the second part of the Theological Tripos. {See also Mason's Prize, for Hebrew.) Hebrew, Regius Professor of. — The appointment to this Professor- ship, founded by Henry VIII., 1540, is by the Council of the Senate. Salary £/^o a year, with a Canonry at Ely Cathedral ; the Professor, whether Fellow of Trinity or not, is also entitled to rooms (unless married) and to com- mons in that College. The present Professor is A. F. Kirkpatrick, M.A., Fellow of Trinity. High Steward— Earl of Powis, LL.D. (St. John's).— The High Steward (elected for life) has special power to take the trial of scholars impeached of felony within the limits of the University, and to hold and keep a leet according to the established charter and custom. His deputy, who receives a stipend of £^, is F. Barlow, M.A. (Trin. Hall). Historical Tripos.— The His- torical Tripos has to be taken in the third Easter Term, or, if previous Honours have been obtained, it may be taken in the fourth Easter Term after the first term of residence. It comprises papers on: (i), English History; (2,^3, 4), Special subjects, to be selected, gene- rally speaking, from the periods termed Ancient, Medieval, and Modern respec- tively. (Either 3 or 4 to be always taken from English History. In sub- jects 2, 3, and 4, some knowledge of the chief original sources will be ex- pected.) (5), Principles of Political Philosophy and of General Jurispru- dence ; (6), Constitutional Law and Constitutional History ; (7), Political Economy and Economic History ; (8), Public International Law in connection with selected Treaties ; (9), Subjects for Essays. The selected periods are announced by the Board of Historical Studies three years before the Exami- nation of any year, and the Board may publish from time to time a list of books recommended. Candidates who deserve Honours are placed in three classes in order of merit. History (Modern), Professor of. — This Professorship was instituted by George I., 1724, and has been con- tinued by each succeeding Sovereign, with whom the appointment rests ; the stipend is £371, to be raised on next vacancy to ;^8oo. The present Pro- fessor is J. R. Seeley, M.A., Fellow of Caius and Honorary Fellow of Christ's. {See also Ecclesiastical History.) Hobsou's Conduit.— A curious conduit at the town end of the brook on the Trumpington Road is called Hobson's Conduit, in memory of the famous carrier immortalised by Milton. The water in this brook comes from the Nine Elms springs at Shelford, and sup- plies the unique brooklets on either side of Trumpington Street and St. Andrew's Street, as well as the swimming-baths of Emmanuel and Christ's Colleges, and the fountain on Market Hill. Hobson used to let horses, and always let them out in turn ; hence arose Hobson's choice, '* This or none." Honours.— (6'^ 3, year each, one to be awarded in November in each year to a Non-Col- legiate Student of at least a year's stand- ing who shall be recommended by the Censor. Each of these latter Exhibi- tioners attaining his B.A. degree re- ceives an additional sum of ;^io from the Company, and if his name appears in the Honour list of any Tripos, a further award of ;^20. EXPENSES. The necessary fixed expenses of a Non- Collegiate Student, if he takes the B.A. degree at the end of three years. Caution Money (ultimately re- turned) Entrance Fee (including 5^. for Library) Terminal Fee of 30J. to the Board... University Capitation Tax (17J. a year) ... Matriculation Fee Previous Examination Fees ... Tripos Fee (for Honour Men) B.A. Degree Fee £ d. 300 13 10 o 5 o Total . 220 700 '•'£37 18 o For men proceeding to an Ordinary Degree there are, instead of Tripos Fee of £2, 2.S., a Fee of the same amount for the Special Examination, and a Fee for the General Examination of £. '■ d. Making the Total ... ;^39 3 o As to expenditure which is necessary, but variable, the following figures are based on information given in the ** Student's Guide" (ed. 1880), by the late Censor of the Non-Collegiate Stu- dents, with slight alterations, in con- sequence of recent changes : Cap and Gown {say) . . . Board and Lodging (including washing, coals, etc. ) for a total residence of 75 weeks, at from £1 zs. 6d. to £2 6s. 6d. a week ... Tuition, either (i)Fees for College and Pro- fessors' Lectures {say £2 2s. a term, on average) or (2) Private Tuition (at_^9aterm) Total Add fixed Charges ... Minimum. £ s.d. I II 6 76 18 18 o 104 17 37 18 o 142 15 o Maximum. £ ^'d. 2 12 6 174 7 6 258 39 o o 3 o 297 3 o Thus the cost may be roughly said to range from £50 (or even less) to £100 a year, exclusive of books, stationery, travelling, clothes, and other personal expenses ; and exclusive, of course, of all cost of living in the vacations. It will be readily understood that the NON— OXF 78 lowest figure will be possible only with men who are able to exercise watch- fulness and economy in their domestic arrangements ; on the other hand the expensive item of private tuition may be generally dispensed with, save per- haps for a term or two, except in two cases, (i) the very backward, who find difficulty in passing any Examination, (2) the very forward, who aim at high Mathematical Honours {see Coaches). As a matter of actual experience, the average expenditure of a number of students who furnished the Censor with voluntary returns in 1877-8 was found to be "under £7S} exclusive of private tuition ; inclusive of this it was under ;;f 80. It will not be far from the truth to infer that the average expenditure in Cambridge of Non-Collegiate Students of all classes living in lodgings is be- tween ;^7o and ;^8o a year, including in the reckoning books, stationery, post- age, and amusements, but not clothes nor travelling expenses." CLUBS. The Boating, Cricket, Football, Lawn Tennis, and Newspaper Clubs, and the Debating Society are united in one called the Amalgamation Club. The subscription is £1 is. a term. Colours, blue and salmon for Boat Club. For Cricket, etc.. Clubs, blue and old gold. Students unable to join the Amalgama- tion may be members of the Newspaper Club only on payment of 2s. entrance fee and subscription of 2s. a term. ^ Norrisian Prize (about £60) is given quinquennially for Essay on some sacred subject, open to Graduates of not more than thirteen years' standing. Observatory. — The Observatory is on the Madingley Road, about a mile from Cambridge, upon a slight eminence. It was erected in 1822-4, ^.nd contains residences for the Superintendent, Pro- fessor Adams, and two Assistant Observers. In the main building are a fine transit circle, mural circle, and other instruments necessary for the full equipment of a first-class observatory ; and in a separate building, erected for the purpose with a revolving dome, is the magnificent Northumberland Tele- scope, presented by the Duke of Nor- thumberland in 1835. The observations which are regularly made are published, and distributed to the principal observa- tories, etc. The Observatory is open to members of the University with their friends every week-day betvv^ecn 12.30 and 1.30. Omnibuses.— The Lion Hotel Omnibus starts from the Hotel, Petty Cury, for the Railway Station, at 9.0, 9.25, 10.25, 10.55, 12.55, 1.30, 3.45, 4.15, 5.20, 6.20, 6.30. Fare, 3^. each person from or to Market Hill, Hotel, and Station, without luggage ; 6d. with luggage, between the Station and any part of the town. The Great Northern Omnibus starts from Messrs. Newman & Sar- geant's Yard, Trinity Street, and the Market Hill, for the Railway Station eight times daily. Fare, 3^. each per- son, without luggage. The Bull Hotel Omnibus runs to and from the Station to suit the con- venience of the Hotel. Optime. — All in the second class of the Mathematical Tripos are called Senior Optimes, and those in the third class Junior Optimes. The word is derived from the complimentary ex- pressions used by Examiners in the oral Examinations of former times, e.^., ** Optime quidem disputasti." (See Mr. C. Wordsworth's *'Scholse Academicse.") Ordinary. — [See Arts, Proceed- ings in.) Oxford and Cambridge Schools Examination Board. — This joint Board of the two Uni- versities examines such schools as have a regularly constituted governing body or prepare a fair proportion of their boys for the Universities, and also grants certificates to boys or girls at such schools or at other schools in certain convenient centres, which cer- tificates confer exemption under certain conditions from various Examinations held by public bodies {e.^. " Respon- sions " at Oxford, and " Previous" at Cambridge). The Examination of a school may be {a) on the general work of the whole school, or [d) on the work of the whole school in any main sub- ject or subjects, or {c) on the work of the highest division of the school, so as, if required, to place the boys of that division in order of merit, and to award Exhibitions, Scholarships, and prizes. Information, both about school Examinations and Examinations for cer- tificates, will be found in the regulations of the Board, which are published by the Oxford and Cambridge University Presses, and may be procured from their agents. All communications relating to the Examinations should be addressed to one of the Secretaries, E. J. Gross, Esq., M.A., Gonville and Caius Col- lege, Cambridge, and J. S. Lockhart, Esq., M.A., Hertford College, Oxford. 79 OXF— PEM Parker's Piece. — This, the public playground of Cambridge, is a fine open space, given to the town in 1 613 by Trinity College in exchange for part of the "Backs." Its name comes from one Parker, who had held it on lease from the College. Parliament. — The University is represented by two Members of Parlia- ment, chosen by the members of the Senate, who give their votes in writing, in person, or by voting papers tendered for them. The present Members are A. J. B. Beresford-Hope, LL.D. (Trin.), and the Rt. Hon. H. C. Raikes, M.A. (Trin.). Pathology, Professor of.— This Professorship was established in 1884, under the provisions of the new Statutes, with a stipend of ;^8oo (^600 if held with a Fellowship or Headship). The present Professor is C. S. Roy, M.D. Edinb. PEMBROKE COLLEGE. This College was founded by Mary de St. Paul, daughter of Guy, Count of Chatillon and St. Paul, and wife of Aymer de Valence, Earl of Pem- broke, in 1348, and by her named the Hall or House of Valence Mary. It soon went by the name of Pembroke Hall, and later Pembroke College. There has been a great deal of rebuilding and restoration in this College since 1870. The new Hall, the Library, the Master's Lodge, and the south part of the front in Trumpington Street, were built between 1870 and 1875, of red brick and stone, in modern French Gothic style, by Mr. Waterhouse, the architect. More recently Mr. G. Scott, jun., has restored the old part of the first court, and designed a large and handsome stone building containing several sets of rooms east of the Master's Lodge in Pembroke Street. None of the courts are now completely surrounded by buildings. The principal entrance is near the corner of Pembroke and Trumpington Streets, and on the left of this is seen what was the original chapel, and afterwards the library of the College. The room is worth a visit for the sake of its decorated ceiling and wood-carvings on the walls, removed from the ends of the old book- cases. Along part of the west side of the court is a curious piece of cloister, with rooms above, leading to the Chapel. Matthew Wren, Bishop of Ely, in gratitude for his release from the Tower in 1658, after sixteen years' imprisonment, built this Chapel for his College, and was buried in it. The architect was his nephew, Sir Christopher Wren, and PEM— PEM 80 it is in the Corinthian style. Over the communion table is a painting of the " Burial of Christ" by Barroccio, which once belonged to Sir Joshua Reynolds. The new Hall stands on the east side of the court, and con- tains portraits of Bishop Ridley, John Bradley, and others, and a bust of William Pitt by Chantrey. The former Hall, on the same site, was one of the oldest and most interesting buildings of the kind in Cambridge, but its foundations were weak, so it had to come down. The Combination Room at the end of the Hall has portraits of the poets Edmund Spenser, Gray, and Mason — the last by Reynolds — and one of WilHam Pitt, taken after his death, by Harlowe. The second court, entered through the Hall passage, is very picturesque, ivy-clad and old. The Library forms the upper part of a handsome building standing by itself, at the south-east corner of the College, and under it are lecture-rooms and Undergraduates' reading-rooms. It contains about 20,000 well-classed and choice books, and a few manuscripts. Amongst the relics at this College is the "Anathema Cup," so called from its inscription, ** Qui alienaverit, anathema sit." It is of silver-gilt, of the probable date I48i,andwas presented to the College by Bishop Langton. Of somewhat later date is another smaller cup of silver-gilt, long supposed to have been the gift of the foundress, but apparently given about 1500 by a former Fellow, Richard Sokborn. The silver-gilt pastoral staff and the mitre of Bishop Wren have recently been dis- covered, after lying buried with the Bishop for 200 years. "The latter is probably a unique specimen of a post-Reformation mitre, and has repousse decorations in place of jewels." Pembroke has been called ** Collegium Episcopale," from the large number of Bishops here educated, of whom a few may be named : Archbishops Rotherham and Grindal, Bishops Langton, Andrews, and Ridley ; besides Ridley, the martyrs John Bradley and John Rogers were of this College ; and of poets, Edmund Spenser, whose mulberry-tree still remains in the garden, Gabriel Harvey, Richard Crashaw, Thomas Gray, the manuscript of whose Elegy is in the College, and William Mason. Among other celebrities of this College may be mentioned Dr. Thomas Wharton, the anatomist, who died 1673, ^^^^ William Pitt. Visitor. Divi?tity Lectm'O's. The Queen. ' F- H. Chase, M.A. Master. E. J. Heriz Smith, M.A. Rev. Charles Edward Searle, M.A., Treasurer elected 1880. W. Burnside, M.A. President. George Gabriel Stokes, M.A. Bursar. Tutors. J. H. PiLKINGTON, M.A. The Master, and C. H. Prior, M.A. Classical Lecturers. t tt t. f/T* R. A. Neil, M.A. J- ^- Pilkington. M.A. J. S. Retd, Litt.D. Dean. W. S. Hadley, M.A. E. j. heriz Smith, M.A. Mathematical Lecturers. C. H. Prior, M.A. Librarian. W. Burnside, M.A. R. A. Neil, M.A. Fellows. \Charles Octavus Budd, M.A. John Couch Adams, M.A., F.R.S., F.R.A.S. ^EORGE Gabriel Stokes, M.A., F.R.S. /"iLLTAM Michael Spence, M.A. iv. Charles Herman Prior, M.A. IN. Edward Bickersteth, M.A. kv. Ernest John Heriz Smith, M.A. ^ILLIAM BURNSIDE, M.A. RbBERT Alexander Neil, M.A. Jchn Frederic Adair, M.A. Rp. James Holme Pilkington, M.A. Gi Morgan Edwardes Jones, M.A. "William Sheldon Hadley, M.A. ADMISSION. Candidates for admission must apply to the Master, stating full particulars of age, parentage, etc. The Entrance Examination will take place in March or April, 1886, for admission in October, in Elementary Mathematics and Classics. The admission fee is £(i 2s. 6d.^ in- cluding the University matriculation fee of £5 ; and the Caution money is ;^I5' SCHOLARSHIPS, EXHIBITIONS, ETC. There are at present twenty-nine open Foundation Scholarships ; three of £^0 a year, nine of ;^6o, eight of £^0, and nine of ;^20 ; and a further Scholarship of £60, with a preference to candidates who have been two years at the Free School of Bowes in Yorkshire. There is an Exhi- bition of £'jo a year for a student educated at Blackrode School. The next Entrance Scholarship Examination will begin on December 8, 1885, when about six Scholarships will be offered for Mathematics (Euclid, Algebra, Tri- gonometry, Elementary Mechanics, Geometrical and Analytical Conic Sec- tions) or Classics (Translation and Prose and Verse Composition). Can- didates' names should be sent to the Tutor before December 3. EXPENSES. Tuition fee is £6 a term. Establish- ment charges £1 12s. 6., being forbid- are noticeable features, and the rudely- den to reside in the University for the carved animals at the spring of the remainder of a term or for a longer semicircular arch inside separating period, is called Rustication. the tower from the nave. The pillars of the nave are of the twelfth century, St. Eeiie't's Clmrch. — The but the rest of the church is mostly Church of St. Benedict is the oldest modern. ST. CATHARINE'S COLLEGE. This College, till lately called St. Catharine's Hall, was founded in 1473 by Dr. Robert Woodlark (or Wodelarke), of Wakerley, in Northampton- shire, Provost of King's, and Chancellor of the University, "from the singular devotion vv^hich he had to St. Katharine, Virgin and Martyr." It was subsequently enriched by various benefactors, particularly in 1743, by Mrs. Ramsden, of Norton, in Yorkshire. Nothing remains of the original buildings. The present main court was begun about 1680, the small court behind the Hall about 1634. The former is open towards Trumpington Street, with a piece of ground in front planted with elms ; the north side is occupied by the Chapel, Hall, Combination Room, and Library, and the other two sides by sets of rooms. A gateway in the Tuscan style opens from the middle of the west side into Queen's Lane. The Master's Lodge, a handsome red-brick modern residence, is a separate building in this lane south of the College. It contains some good pictures, including four portraits by Sir Godfrey Kneller. The Chapel is rectangular, and intensely neat and simple, but the woodwork is good. In the ante-chapel is a handsome monument to the wife of a former Master. The Hall contains portraits of the founder, and of benefactors, and a picture of the patron saint. Among the pictures in the Combination Room is another St. Catharine, and a portrait of Charles II. when a boy. The Library, which is over the Hall and Com- bination Room, is large and well stocked with books. Among the worthies of this College were John Bradford, the martyr ; Archbishop Sandys ; John Ray, the naturalist ; and two liberal benefactors to the town and University of Cambridge, William Worts and Dr. John Addenbrooke, the latter of whom founded Addenbrooke's Hospital. Visitor. Tutor. The Crown. E. T. S. Carr. M.A. Ayf^rf^^ Assistant Tutor. Master. A. W. Spratt, M.A. Rev. Charles Kirkby Robinson, D.D., ex officio Canon of the Cathedral Lecturer in Modern History ^ Philosophy, Church of Norwich, elected 1861. T. W. Levin, M.A. President. Mathematical Lecturer. E. T. S. Carr, M.A. E. Temperley, M.A. Bursar. E. T. S. Carr, M.A. Prcelector and Steward. A. W. Spratt, M.A. Dea7i and Chaplain. W. T. Southward, M.A. Fellows. Rev. Edwin Trevor Septimus Carr, M.A. Albert William Spratt, M.A. Alfred Pretor, M.A. Rev. Walter Thomas Southward, M.A. Sklrne Fellow. William Henry Parr, M.A. ADMISSION. Evety candidate for admission must send name, parentage, and address to the Tutor, with a certificate of conduct and attainments, and pay ;^i5 Caution money, and ^^i entrance fee. There is no regular Entrance Examination. SCHOLARSHIPS, EXHIBITIONS, ETC. Of the twenty-six Scholarships, four- teen are of the annual value of £apy four are of the annual value of £^0^ six of £z^, andtwoof;^25. There is also a fund of about ;^3,ooo in Consols, for the support of students of the College. From these funds Scholarships varying in value Woxvl£^o per annum to 3^25 are annually given after open competition, or at the College Examination in June. Besides these Scholarships there is an annual surplus from which grants are made to deserving students of the College. All the Scholarships are open to candidates from any school or place of birth. The Open Scholarship Examination usually takes place in the May Term, when the exact value and number of Scholarships awarded depend on the merits of the candidates. The subjects are in Mathematics, Arithmetic, Euclid, 93 SAI-SAI Algebra, Trigonometry, and Geometrical and Analytical Conic Sections ; and in Classics, Greek and Latin Translation and Composition. No candidate will be elected unless he show a fair ele- mentary knowledge of Arithmetic and Euclid, and of Latin and Greek. Bishop Sherlock founded the Libra- rianship, worth ;^20 per annum with allowance for chambers. He also con- siderably augmented the salary of the Master's Sizar, the present value of which is £40 per annum, with chambers rent free. The Bible Clerk receives his commons, with chambers rent free. These two Sizarships are in the absolute gift of the Master, to whom application should be made. FELLOWSHIPS. There are six Fellowships (one being Professorial) open to Graduates of Cam- bridge or Oxford. They are tenable for six years ; but if the Fellow at the end of that time is a University Pro- fessor, or holds in the College the office of Tutor, Senior Mathematical or Senior Classical Lecturer, he retains his Fellow- ship during tenure of such Professorship or College office, and after holding one or more such College offices for twenty years, he may keep his Fellowship for life. Each Fellow receives a dividend not exceeding ;^25o, exclusive of com- mons and rooms. EXPENSES. The average College expenses, in- cluding College maintenance fee, com- mons and buttery expenses, rooms, coals, attendance, tuition, and University tax, are £2.^ a term, or £']^ a year, excluding the Long Vacation Term. The rent of rooms in College varies from £^ to £\2. per annum. Tuition fee is ;^6 a term, special arrangements being made with B.As. The College fee for B.A. degree is £a^ 2s. {See also general article on Expenses.) CLUBS. The College colours are claret and white. SAI-SA! 94 ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE. Although Peterhouse is the oldest collegiate foundation in Cambridge,, St. John's College is derived from the oldest foundation ; for about 1135 one Henry Frost founded a small hospital for the reception of the sick poor, on the site of this College. This was shortly after dedicated to St, John the Evangelist, and placed under the management of Augustinian friars. The friars were at some subsequent date recognised as members of the University and took degrees therein. An attempt made by Hugh de Balsham, Bishop of Ely, to graft secular scholars on the foundation, ended in disagreement between the religious and secular brethren, and led to the separate foundation of Peterhouse {see St. Peter's College) The Hospital dragged on a not very brilliant existence for 220 more years, when it was dissolved in 15 10 into the College of St. John the Evangelist, in accordance with the intention and will of Lady Margaret Beaufort, mother of Henry VH., who also founded Christ's College and a Professor- ship of Divinity. Her grandson, Henry VIII., appropriated nearly all the estates which she bequeathed to the College, and handed to her executors some smaller estates as compensation. However, St. John's has grown by the numerous gifts of more noble benefactors, till it is now only second to Trinity in size and wealth. There are four courts, all lying " tandem ; " three built chiefly of brick on the east side of the river, and the fourth of stone on the other side. The front of the first court retains its original appearance^, with its handsome tower gateway adorned with a statue of St. John^ the arms and supporters of Lady Margaret, and studded over with the marguerite (her flower), the Tudor rose and Beaufort portcuUis. This court was begun in 15 10, and finished 1616 ; but the south side v/as re- faced after a fire in 1772, and the court was enlarged by the pulling down of the old Chapel and the erection of the new Chapel beyond its site, in i 1864-9. Sir G. Scott was the architect of this Chapel, which is one of the finest modern churches in England, and one of the most beautiful buildings in Cambridge. It is in the Early Decorated style, and consists of a choir and transepts, the latter forming the ante-chapel;, over the middle of which rises a lofty tower. The exterior is most elaborately carved ; the principal entrance is in the east face of the south transept, and is guarded on either side by statues of Lady Margaret and her chief executor, Bishop Fisher. In the ante-chapel are several monuments removed from the old Chapel. The most conspicuous are a seated statue of Dr. Wood, Master 1816-39, ^^^ the tomb of Arch- deacon Ashton, with two effigies of him, one lying in his robes and • the other wasting in his coffin underneath. The altarpiece from the old Chapel, by A. R. Mengs, the "Descent from the Cross," hangs in the south transept. The great west window, representing " The Last Judgment," is by Clayton & Bell, who also executed the new window in King's Chapel depicting the same subject. This is a bold and brilliant composition. Over it, in one of the windows of the lantern stage of the 95 SAI— SAI tower, are fragments of beautiful old glass. The piers which support the tower and the sides of the windows are set off by coloured shafts of Devonshire, Irish, or Serpentine marbles, or Peterhead red granite, and the abaci of the piers are of black Derbyshire marble. The wooden jscreen at the entrance of the choir is elaborately carved. The carved ,oak stalls are about half of them from the old Chapel, and the rest new, JDeautifully carved in similar style. The floor is of Purbeck and Sicilian marbles, and encaustic tiles ; the steps leading to the altar in the five- sided apse are of similar marbles with inscriptions and numerous symbolical figures. The altar is of oak with a marble slab, its front and sides carved with figures in panels. Round the apse are angels playing divers instruments, and over them five windows, by Clayton & Bell, representing scenes from Christ's life, death, and resurrection. On the right side of the apse is placed the double piscina which belonged to the original Chapel of the Hospital, and was discovered in the wall of the old College Chapel when it was being pulled down. The roof of this choir is divided into nineteen compartments, the one at the end being filled with a representation of Jesus enthroned, and the others with figures of saints and famous people who lived in the eighteen centuries since the first. The Hall, on the west side of the first court, was lengthened at the time the old Chapel was removed and the new Master's Lodge was built, by taking in the former Combination Room. The old bay-window which was at the end of the Hall was retained, and a second similar one added at the new upper end. It is now a few feet longer than the Hall of Trinity, but not so wide ; the dark old oak panelling and ceiling, lightly touched with gilt, is very handsome. There are portraits of the foundress, Bishop Fisher, Words- worth, Dr. Bentley, Henry Martyn, Bishop Stillingfleet and others. The Combination Room, entered at the upper end of the Hall, is a long room (93 ft.) occupying part of the first floor of the north side of the second court. Here was originally a gallery 142 feet long, which was afterwards divided into rooms for the Master's residence, but, when the new Lodge was built, a great part of the gallery was opened out again to form the Combination Room. This contains portraits of Sir J. Herschel, Bishop Selwyn, W. Wilberforce, and others. The second court, built 1 595-1620 by Ralph Simons, is of red brick surmounted with gables, a tower gateway on the west side, and turrets in two of the corners. It has a chaste and picturesque appearance, untouched by the rude hand of the restorer. On the north side is a doorway leading to the grounds of the Master's Lodge. This is a large and handsome building in red brick and stone ; among its pictures are two curious portraits of the foundress, one reputed to be by Holbein, another portrait by Holbein of a bishop (perhaps Fisher), and portraits of Queen Elizabeth, Mary Queen of Scots, Cecil Lord Burleigh, the poets Prior and Cowley, and Thomas Earl of Strafford from the original by Vandyke. The statue of the Countess of Shrewsbury, at whose cost principally the second court was built, is in a niche over the arch of the gateway leading into the next court. The Library on the north side of the latter was finished in 1624, which SAI-SAI 96 date is marked over the large oriel projecting towards the river. The room contains about 26,000 books and 400 manuscripts, many of them left by Lord Keeper Williams, afterwards Archbishop of York, Matthew Prior, Thomas Baker, and other members of the College. The collection is rich in rare specimens of the early printers, and there is a copy of Cranmer's Bible on vellum, supposed to have been originally Cromwell's copy. The Library is open daily, and books may be taken out. The south and west sides of this court were finished in 1699, in a style more classical than the Library. From the small piece of cloisters on the west side, a covered bridge of one arch leads to the fourth court. This bridge, sometimes called the Bridge of Sighs from a distant resem- blance to the bridge of that name at Venice, is a convenient spot for com- paring the different styles of architecture in the two parts of the court just described, the court on the other side of the river built about 1830, the Master's Lodge to the north, and on the south the picturesque old bridge of three arches, with the buildings of Trinity beyond. Proceeding towards the new court one notices the pleasing effect of arches of different sizes and axes crossing one another, as the bridge is not in a straight line with the cloister which runs along the south front of this court with open Perpendicular windows on its outer side. The middle of the northern side is occupied by a massive projection with corner turrets, and lofty lantern rising from its centre ; this, with the stately wings on either side, forms a striking picture. One day two Undergraduates lounging on Trinity Bridge were reproved by the Master, who asked what they supposed the bridge was built for ; they answered : "To get a view of the new buildings of St. John's." A serious-minded man who compared the dates of building of this bridge and the new Johnian Court, might fail to see the joke, which has indeed lost much of its point in these days when the rivalry between these Colleges has lost all its former bitterness. This has lately been testified by the erection of a light iron foot-bridge over the narrow stream which separates the grounds at the back of the two Colleges. The walks behind St. John's, entered by an elegant gateway in the middle of the cloister of the new court, are extensive and picturesque. A part of the grounds is shut in for the Fellows' private use, called the Wilderness or the Isle of Patmos, and planted with trees in the form of a church. Westwards, on the other side of the public road, is the College Cricket Ground, with the Racquet Court. Among the many eminent men of this College may be named Roger Ascham, Cecil Lord Burleigh, Ben Jonson, the Earl of Strafford, Mat Prior, Richard Bentley (afterwards Master of Trinity), Rowland Hill, William Wilberforce, Wordsworth, and Lord Palmerston. Visitor. President. The Lord Bishop of Ely. Peter Hamnett Mason, M.A. Tutors. Master. John Edwin Sandys, M.A. The Rev. Charles Taylor, D.D. Edwin Hill, M.A. I 97 SAI -SAI William Emerton Heitland, M.A. Joseph Timmis Ward, M.A. Peter Hamnett Mason, M.A. William Francis Smith, M.A. Mathematical Lecturers. William H. Besant, Sc.D., F.R.S. R. Pendlebury, M.A. R. R. Webb, M.A. J. T. Ward, M.A. Joseph Larmor, M.A. Classical Lecturers. Charles E. Graves, M.A. John Edwin Sandys, M.A. William F. Smith, M.A. William E. Heitland, M.A. Charles E. Raskins, M.A. Theology Lecturers. H. M. Gwatkin, M.A. F. Watson, M.A. W. A. Cox, M.A. Moral Sciences Lecturer. H. S. FoxwELL, M.A. Natural Sciences Lecturers. P. T. Main, M.A. J. E. Marr, M.A., F.G.S. S. L. Hart, M.A. Medical Subjects Lecturer, D. McAlister, M.D. History Lecturers. J. R. Tanner, B.A. J. B. Mullinger, M.A. Hebrew Lecturer. Peter Hamnett Mason, M.A. Linacre Lecturer of Physic. John Buckley Bradbury, M.D. Superintendent of the Laboratory. P. T. Main, M.A. Senior Dean. Alfred Freer Torry, M.A. Junior Dean, William Albert Cox, M.A. Senior Bursar. Robert F. Scott, M.A. Junior Bursar. Harry Rede Tottenham, M.A. Steward. William Francis Smith, M.A. Auditor. William H. Gunston, M.A. Librarian. James Bass Mullinger, M.A. Organist. George M. Garrett, M.A., Mus.D. Fellows. Henry Thompson, M.D., F.R.C.P. Rev. John Eyton Bickersteth Mayor, M.A. Rev. Peter Hamnett Mason, M.A. Rev. Thomas George Bonney, Sc.D., B.D.. F.R.S.,F.S.A., F.G.S. Rev. Henry Russell, B.D. Rev. Alfred Freer Torry, M.A. Philip Thomas Main, M.A. Rev. Eric John Sutherland Rudd, M.A. Rev. Edwin Hill, M.A., F.G.S. William Francis Smith, M.A. John Edwin Sandys, M.A. Rev. Alfred James Stevens, M.A. Rev. William Albert Cox, M.A. Rev. William Griffith, M.A. Richard Pendlebury, M.A. Rev. George Herbert Whitaker, M.A. William Emerton Heitland, M.A. Charles Edmund Haskins, M.A. Robert Rumsey Webb, M.A. Herbert Somerton Foxwell, M.A. Rev. William Taylor Newbold, M.A. William Mitchinson Hicks, M.A., F.R.S. Rev. Joseph Timmis Ward, M.A. Henry Wage, M.A. Robert Forsyth Scott, M.A. Rev. William James Furneaux Vashon Baker, M.A. Arthur Milnes Marshall, M.D., F.R.S. Henry Walrond Simpkinson, M.A. Donald McAlister, M.A., M.D. Fellows under the 1882 Statutes. Rev. Frank Dyson, M.A. Hume Chancellor Pinsent, M.A. Rev. Alfred Williams Momerie, M.A. William Hewison Gunston, M.A. Thomas Wilson Dougan, M.A. George Downing Liveing, M. A. , F. R. S. E SAI-SAI 98 Rev. William Warren, M.A. Harry Rede Tottenham, M.A. Joseph Larmor, M.A. Rev. Alfred Caldecott, M.A. John Edward Marr, M.A., F.G.S. Francis Henry Colson, M.A. Charles Card ale Babington, M.A., F.R.S., F.L.S., F.G.S. Edwin Charles Clark, LL.D. John Shapland Yeo. M.A. Thomas George Tucker, M.A. Rev. Stephen Parkinson, D.D., F.R.S. Alexander Macalister, M.A., M.D., F.R.S. John Ambrose Fleming, M.A. Samuel Lavington Hart, M.A. John Cottam Moss, M.A. Charles Maddock Stuart, M.A. Rev. John Brill, M.A. Walter Frank Raphael Weldon, M.A. Alfred Robert Johnson, B.A. George Frederick Stout, B.A. George Ballard Matthews, B.A. Alfred Marshall, M.A. Rev. Benjamin Hall Kennedy, D.D. Honorary Fellows. Very Rev. Charles Merivale, D.D. John Couch Adams, M.A., F.R.S. James Joseph Sylvester, M.A., F.R.S. Rev. Churchill Babington, D.D., F.L.S. ADMISSION. Every candidate for admission must apply to one of the Tutors, sending the name of his parent or guardian, and cer- certificates of birth, of baptism (if pos- sible), and of character. Unless the candidate furnishes satisfactory evidence of attainments in the form either of a certificate from some public examining body, or of a statement from the head master of his school, certifying that in his opinion the applicant is likely to pass the University Examinations in due course, he will be required to pass an Entrance Examination. Such Examination may be passed before the beginning of any term, and the subjects are Arithmetic, Algebra, and Euclid, and either the Little-go classical subjects for the cur- rent or the following year, or equivalent books offered by the candidate in lieu thereof at time of entering his name. SCHOLARSHIPS, EXHIBITIONS, ETC. The Foundation Scholarships, sixty in number, are elected from students of the College, or from such other persons and of such standing as the Council may think fit, vacancies being filled in June. Scholars if not Graduates must proceed to some degree at the regular time. A Scholarship is of the annual value of from £dp to ;^ioo, and is tenable till the twelfth term from com- mencement of residence, and the tenure may be prolonged till the nineteenth term. It is vacated if the scholar be elected to a Fellowship in this or any other College. Five Minor Scholarships are awarded annually in December. Minor Scholar- ships are of the annual value of not less than ;^5o, nor more than ;^8o, are open to all persons under nineteen years of age, who have not commenced residence, and are tenable for two years or until election to a Foundation Scholarship. Two Exhibitions of £^o per annum tenable for two years, together with some other Exhibitions, are annually awarded at the same time as, and open to the same persons as, the Minor Scholarships, but without restriction of age. These Minor Scholarships and Exhibitions are awarded for proficiency in Classics, Mathematics, Natural Science, Hebrew or Sanskrit. A sum of ;^88o is assigned annually in Exhibitions to the most deserving students, to be called Wood's and Hare's Exhibitioners, account being taken of their pecuniary circumstances as well as of their moral and intel- lectual qualifications. There are about fifty Exhibitions dif- fering in value from £\o \.o£^Q attached by way of preference to certain schools, most of which are awarded as they fall vacant at the Examination in the be- ginning of the Michaelmas Term, at which Sizarships are awarded. In the case of a vacancy of any of these Ex- hibitions, to which the College elects, it is competent for the College Council, if no candidate from such school of sufficient merit shall offer himself, to throw the same open to competition as they may think advisable. The greater number of Sizars at this College are chosen by an Examination, which takes place on an early day of the Michaelmas Term in each year. The candidates are examined in the Ele- ments of Geometry, Arithmetic, Alge- bra, Trigonometry, certain selected Greek and Latin subjects, also unseen Translation, and Latin Prose composi- tion. Two Sizarships are annually awarded by the Senior Local Examina- tion, and a few by the Minor Scholarship and Exhibition Examination. About eighteen in all are usually awarded ; and their value consists entirely in re- duction of charges^ usually estimated at over;^30 a year. There are nine Sizars, called Proper Sizars, on Dr. Dowman's Foundation, who have reductions equivalent to about ;i^40 per annum. They are chosen from the other Sizars (after a residence of at least three terms) by the College Council, preference being usually given to those who have ranked high in the classes at the College Ex- aminations, and by their conduct have obtained the approbation of the College. In the case of all candidates for Sizar- ships definite assurance must be given that they stand in real need of assistance. The following Studentships are open to members of the College of not less than nine nor more than eighteen terms* standing, but are not tenable with a Fellowship : (i) three (Nad en) Divinity Studentships, of the annual value of about £80, tenable for three years from elect ion , but subj ect to residence ; ( 2) four (McMahon) Law Studentships, of the annual value of ;^l5o, for students who bond fide intend to prepare themselves for practice in the profession of the law, tenable for four years ; (3) two (Hutch- inson) StudentshijDS, of the annual value of about ;^6o, for Physical or Natural Science, or Indian or Semitic Lan- guages, tenable for two years ; (4) Mrs. Ann Fry's Hebrew Scholarship, of the 99 SAI— SAI annual value of ^30, tenable for three years from election (but not with a Fel- lowship), is open to persons of a similar standing ; and in default of qualified B.As. of the College, it is open to other B.As. of the University. FELLOWSHIPS. There are fifty-six Fellowships, of which five must be Professorial {see Professors), and the rest are open to Graduates of the College, or other Graduates of Cambridge or of Oxford. Fellowships are vacated after six j'-ears, or sooner if the Fellow has attained ten years' standing from his first degree, or if he be presented to a College benefice worth £,^00 ; but in special cases the College Council may extend the tenure for periods of five years, and those holding certain University or College offices do not vacate by lapse of time. The annual value of a Fellow- ship does not exceed £250, besides rooms and commons. EXPENSES. The tuition fee {£^ a term) and other charges at this College are similar to those at most other Colleges. Fees for Inter-Collegiate Lectures, up to a certain amount, are paid by the Col- lege. The College fee for the B.A. degree is £5 u. {See general article on Expenses. ) CLUBS. Athletic, — Subscription, los. 6d, per term. Boat. — Entrance fee, £2 2s. ; sub- scription, £1 IS. per term. Colours, scarlet. This club goes by the name of the Lady Margaret Boat Club, and is never called St. John's Boat Club. Cricket. — Subscription, {^1 per term. Colours, scarlet and white stripes. Football. — Subscription, ^s. 6d. per term. Colours, scarlet and white. Lawn Tennis. — Subscription, 5^-. per term. Colours, white, with narrow scarlet stripe. Musical Society. — Subscription, 6s, per term. Debating Society, — Entrance fee, 3J, SAI— SAI 100 There are also several limited Clubs, e.g. the Eagles, the Ivexp^-essibles^ and the Thespids (a Dramatic Club). St. Michael's Church,— This church was built, in 1327, by Hervey de Stanton, and, having suffered little alteration, is a beautiful example of pure Decorated style. The piscina and sedilia in the chancel, and the tracery of the west window, should be noticed. The stained glass in the east window is by Hardman. In the north aisle is a picture of Charles I. spurning his crown (in contempt of history), modi- fied from the frontispiece of * ' Eikon Basilike." St.PatQ's Hostel.—This hostel, founded and endowed by the late Robert Potts, M.A., the well-known editor of ** Euclid,'' received a charter of in- corporation on July 18, 1884. The objects of its constitution are to pro- vide a home for natives of India and the colonies and others, desirous of studying at the University, at the smallest possible cost. The peculiar feature will be that residence will be provided all the year round for those who have nos homes in England, and wish to save the: expense of finding lodgings during the; vacations. Pecuniary aid may be granted by the Governors to deserving] and needy students. The internal and domestic government of the Hostel and its inmates is to be under the charge of a Principal. The Governors — not fewer than five nor more than ten — of whom the Principal is one, are to examine the accounts and administration of the Hostel, and to frame regulations for its good government. The present body- of Governors includes — Right Rev. Jonathan Holt Titcomb, D.D., late Bishop of Rangoon. Rev. William Gray, M.A., of Trinity College, Dublin. Richard Nugent, J, P. for the counties of Cavan and Meath, Ireland. Henry John Reynolds (Bengal Civil Service), late Fellow of King's College. Principal. Vacant. Visitor. The Chancellor of the University. ST. PETER'S COLLEGE. St. Peter's College, or Peterhouse, is the oldest College in Cam- bridge. In 1257 Hugh de Balsham, sub-prior of Ely, bought two hostels occupying the site of the present College, and with them endowed a foundation of ^* Ely Scholars," who were placed with the brothers of the Hospital of St. John {see St. John's College). The monks and secular students could not agree, so in 1282 the latter were removed by Hugh de Balsham, now Bishop of Ely, to the aforesaid hostels, and further endowed by him with the rights and tithes of the adjoining church of St. Peter, etc., and by his will " with 300 marks, wherewith was bought and built a fair hall and court, since much beautified and enlarged." The Church of St. Peter gave its name to the College and also served as the College Chapel, till in 1350 it fell to the ground, and in its place was built the existing Church of Little St. Mary. This also was used as the College Chapel till 1632, when the present Chapel was opened. It is built in the Italian Gothic style, and stands in the middle of the first court. Over the altar is a fine old window of stained glass, copied from Rubens's picture of the Crucifixion in the Museum at Antwerp, and the side windows are brilliant specimens of modern Munich glass. The Library on the south side of the first court contains about 6,000 printed books (many of them of early dates), and some antique portraits of former Masters and Fellows. This 101 SAI— SAI court is separated from the street by iron railings, and from the second court by cloisters. On the south of the latter stand the Hall, recently restored, and the new Combination Room, which contain some of the most beautiful windows in Cambridge, by William Morris and Burne- Jones. The third or Gisborne Court was built in this century, from the endowment of the Rev. Francis Gisborne, a former Fellow. The passage to the Hall leads into a grove overlooked by the Fitzwilliam Museum, in which a few deer are preserved, and beyond the grove is the Fellows' gar-den, to which the public are generally admitted. On the south side, as one returns from the garden, may be seen an ancient turret staircase which formerly led from the Master's chamber over the Combination Room to the Hall and to the garden outside. Part of the Hall and a plain pointed doorway at the south end of the Hall passage are remains of the original structure built before 1307, and are the oldest bits of collegiate building in Cambridge. The north side of the College was connected with the Church of St. Mary the Less by a gallery and staircase, part of which still remains. At one of the windows of the second storey, overlooking the churchyard, are iron bars, supposed to have been placed there by the poet Gray, who was nervous about fires, and kept a rope ladder in his room. Some playful but unfeeling students placed a tub of water under his window, and shouting *'fire," had the satisfaction of seeing Gray hastily descend into the tub. The offended poet is said to have migrated to Pembroke College in consequence. The Master's Lodge on the opposite side of Trumpington Street is a square red-brick house bequeathed to the College in 1725. Archbishops Whiteley and Whitgift, and Isaac Barrow (afterwards at Trinity), were members of this College. Visitor. Librarian. The Lord Bishop of Ely. ^^ j^ C. Allen, M.A. Master. Rev. James Porter, D.D., appointed Chatlain 1876. Tutor. "^HE Master. J. D. H. Dickson, M.A. Assistant Tutor. T. M. DoDDS, M.A. Lamplugh Brougham Ballantine Dyk.es IvI a Mathematical Lecturer. Charles Abercrombie Smith. M.A. E. J. Routh, M.A., Sc.D.,F.R.S. gj^ William Thomson. LL.D.. Classical Lecturer. F.R.SS.L. &E. R. A. Neil, M.A. James Smith, LL.D. Dean. . Samuel Garrett, M.A. J. M. Dodds, M.A. James Douglas Hamilton Dickson, Senior Bursar. M.A., F.R.S.E. T M Dodds MA Rev. Andrew James Campbell Allen, cv .' c M.A. T T^ AVf'^'T. o^'oc^'v ^ ^ John Macalister Dodds. M.A. J. Dewar. M.A.. F.R.SS.L. & E. j^^^s Dewar. M.A.. FR.SS.L. & E. Prcelector. Micaiah John Muller Hill, M.A. J. M. Dodds, M.A. John William Marshall, M.A. Fellows. SAI-SAI 102 Honoi'ary Fellow. Edward John Routh, M.A., Sc.D., F.R.S. Bye Fellow. Richard Boteler, M.A. ADMISSION. A candidate for admission must send to the Tutor (i) a certificate of birth, (2) name of parent or guardian, (3) cer- tificate of his moral and intellectual qualification to be admitted a member of the University from some M.A. (at least) of Cambridge or Oxford, and (4) the usual Caution money, which is ;^i5 for a Pensioner ; and the entrance fee is jf2 12^. There is no Entrance Examination. SCHOLARSHIPS, EXHIBITIONS, ETC. There are twenty- two Scholarships, four of £80 a year, ten of ;^6o, one of ;£"5o, four of ;^40, and three of £20, Some are given as Entrance Scholar- ships, tenable for two years at least, open to candidates under nineteen years of age ; and the others are Founda- tion Scholarships for Undergraduates in their first term (irrespective of age), tenable for three years at least. They are given for proficiency in Classics, Mathematics, or Chemistry and Physics ; candidates not being examined in more than one of these branches of study, except so far as to show that they have sufficient knowledge to pass the Previous Examination in due course. The subjects of the Examination are : (i) Greek and Latin Translation, and Composition in Prose and Verse; (2) Euclid, Algebra, Trigonometry, Geo- metrical and Analytical Conic Sections, Elementary Statics and Dynamics ; (3) Chemical Laws and Principles, Properties of the Commoner Elements and Compounds, Spectrum Analysis and Practical Work, Properties of Matter, Elementary Mechanics, Optics, Heat, Electricity and Practical Measurements. There is an Exhibition from the Company of Clothworkers and another from the Company of Ironworkers ; also the Miller Exhibition for boys from Huntingdon Free Grammar School, but thrown open if none such are qualified. FELLOWSHIPS. Under the new Statutes there are eleven Fellows, exclusive of Super- numerary and Honorary Fellows. One Fellowship is reserved for a University Professor {see Profes- sors), and the others are given to Graduates of the College, unless the Society think fit to elect from other Graduates of Cambridge or of Oxford. A Fellowship is tenable for six years only, but must be vacated one year after presentation to a College benefice of £apo or over. When, however, a Fellow occupies one of certain College offices, the time during which he holds the office is not reckoned as part of the six years' tenure, and if he keeps the office for twenty years, he retains the Fellowship for life ; also any Fellow holdinga Professorship in the University, or the office of Public Orator, or Registrary, or University Librarian^ retains his Fellowship while he holds such office. Each Fellow receives such sum as the Master and Fellows shall fix for the dividend for the year from the available balances, not exceeding £250, exclusive of rooms and commons* EXPENSES. College charges, including tuition fee (;^i8), establishment charges, din- ner in Hall, rent of rooms, etc., but exclusive of groceries, books, clothes, and other tradesmen's bills, and travelling expenses, amount on an average to about £\QO a year. The College fee for B.A. degree is;if 5. i^See also general article on Expenses^) CLUBS. The financial affairs of the Athletic^ Boat, Cricket, Football, Lawn Tennis, and Swimming Clubs are managed by the Amalgamation College Com- mittee. Non-active membership of all these clubs may be had by payment of a guinea entrance fee, and a guinea a ro3 SAI-SCH term subscription to the Amalgamation Club. For active membership of any one of the Clubs the following additional terminal subscription has to be paid : Athletic IS. 6d., Boat 3^., Cricket 3^"., Rugby Union or Association Football IJ"., Lawn Tennis 2i-., Swimming is. The Boat colours are blue bound with •white ; Cricket, blue and white stripes ; Football, half blue and half white shirt ; Lawn Tennis, black ground with yellow and red stripes, and Amalgamation Club, for non-active members, blue with arms on the pocket. There is a Musical Society, for which associates subscribe 2s. 6d. a term, and members 5^., and a Reading Room (called the Sexcentenary) where the principal papers and magazines are taken. Sandwich Boat. — The boat which rows at the bottom of one division and top of another is called ^'Sandwich Boat."— (^^^ Boat Races.) Sanitary Science. — An Exami- nation in so much of State Medicine as is comprised in the functions of Officers of Health begins yearly on the first Tuesday in October. Any person whose name is on the Medical Register of the United Kingdom may present himself for this Examination provided he be in his twenty-fourth year at least when he presents himself for the first part of the Examination, and have attained twenty-four years of age be- fore he presents himself for the second part. The Examination is in two parts, each part occupying two days, and being oral and practical as well as in writing. Candidates may present themselves for either part separately or for both together at their option ; but the result of the Examina- tion in the case of any candidate will not be published until he has passed in both parts. Every candidate is re- quired to pay a fee of four guineas before admission to either part of the Examination. Every candidate who has passed both parts of the Examina- tion to the satisfaction of the Examiners receives a certificate testifying to his competent knowledge of what is re- quired for the duties of a Medical Officer of Health. The holders of these certificates are designated briefly by the letters "S. Sc. Cert. Camb." AU applications for admission to this Examination, or for information re- specting it, should be addressed to Professor Liveing, Cambridge. Sanskrit, Professor of. — This Professorship was established by the University in 1867, for the term of the Professor first appointed, but made permanent under the 1882 Statutes, by which the stipend and mode of election, etc., will be regulated in future {see Professors). Present stipend ;^5oo, to be raised on next vacancy to £joo. The present Professor is E. B. COWELL, M.A., Fellow of Corpus. Scarlet Days. — The Scarlet Days, when Doctors appear in their robes, are Christmas Day, Easter Day, Ascension Day, Whit Sunday, Trinity Sunday, All Saints' Day, the First Sunday in November (Commemoration of Benefactors), Commencement Day (the Tuesday next preceding June 24), , and any other day for which the Vioe- Chancellor gives notice. Scholarships and Exhibi- tions. — For those offered by Colleges see under the separate Colleges. Many public schools give Scholarships to the best of their pupils entering the Uni- versities ; and Exhibitions are also given by certain trustees, e.g. the Gil- christ and Whitworth, and by some of the City Companies, e.g. the Gold- smiths', Leathersellers', Drapers', and Grocers', for particulars of which appli- cation should be made to the respective secretaries of such bodies. The University has the disposal of the following Scholarships, for par- ticulars of which see under the separate headings, viz., Abbott, Bell, Barnes, Craven, Battie, Davies, Pitt, Browne, Waddington, Person, Crosse, Harkness, SCH— SEO 104 Lightfoot, Sheepshanks (Exhibition), Tyrwhitt, Whewell, Balfour (Student- ship), Lumley (Exhibitions). These are generally tenable only during residence, and candidates must in most cases send in their names through their College Tutors. Not more than one of a similar kind can be held by the same person. Scholastic Agency.— A Cam- bridge University Scholastic Agency has lately been started. University men desiring assistant-masterships or tutorships should apply to the Secre- tary, Professor Lewis. The fees are half-a-crown on application, and about one per cent, of first year's salary of appointment obtained, payable at end of first quarter. Scholelield Prize (about £1$) is awarded to best candidate in Greek Testament and Septuagint in the second part of the Theological Tripos. Schools. — Part of the site of the University Library has been occupied for over 500 years by the Schools, where the Professors used to lecture, etc. The little court shows some few traces of the fifteenth century building, but the rooms themselves are uninteresting architectu- rally. All have been incorporated with the Library, except two which are still used for the keeping of Acts, and for meetings of the Senate for discussion of measures, before they are offered for voting in the Senate House. The Pro- fessors and other University Teachers have, for the most part, been accommo- dated elsewhere. {See Divinity School, and Museums.) Schools Examinations,— The Syndicate, entrusted with the manage- ment of the Local Examinations, also sends Examiners to inspect and report upon any schools which make applica- tion for such Examinations. {See also Oxford and Cambridge Schools Examination Board.) Science and Letters, Pro- ceedings IN.— Students in Science or in Letters, who having already taken a degree in Arts, Law, Medicine, or Sur- gery, have given proofs of distinction by some original contribution to the advance- ment of Science or of Letters, may be ad- mitted Doctors Designate in Science or in Letters respectively, and be created Doctors of Science or of Letters at the usual time {see Commencement Day), on the following conditions : Any person may be a candidate who is a Master of Arts, Law or Surgery, of not less than five years' standing, or is a Bachelor of Medicine of not less than seven years' standing. Such candidate applies in writing to the Chairman of the Special Board of Studies with which he con- siders his original contribution is most nearly connected, specifying the printed contribution or contributions upon which his claim for a degree is based. The Special Board, if of opinion that the contributions constitute a primd facie qualification for the degree, obtains confidential reports on them from at least two persons, after which if a majority is in favour of the degree being granted, a communication to that effect is made to the General Board of Studies, accompanied by the reports of the referees ; and, if the General Board concurs in the recommendation, the degree is conferred. Science Schools. — {See Mu- seums.) ^ Seatonian Prize (about ;^4o) is given annually for a Poem on a sacred subject, open to Masters of Arts. Sedgwick Prize (about £60) is given triennially for Essay on Geolog}^ or the kindred sciences, open to Gradu- ates who have resided sixty days during the twelve months before Essay is sent in. Subject for next Essay, to be sent in on or before October i, 1885, is "The Jurassic rocks of the neighbourhood of Cambridge." 105 SEL-SEL SELWYN COLLEGE. Selwyn College was founded in 1882, by public subscription, in memory of George Augustus Selwyn, late Bishop of Lichfield, and formerly Missionary Bishop of New Zealand. The object of the institu- tion, according to the terms of its Royal Charter, is to provide " persons desirous of academical education, and willing to live economically, with a College wherein sober living and high culture of the mind may be combined with Christian training, based upon the principles of the Church of England." The College is governed by a Master and Council, of not more than sixteen members. It was recognised by the University as a Public Hostel in February, 1883. Selwyn College stands in about six acres of ground, on the Grange Road, Newnham. The buildings, not yet completed, are of red brick with stone facings, in the domestic Tudor Gothic style. In the year 1883-84 there were over sixty Undergraduates. Visitor. The Archbishop of Canterbury. Master. Hon. and Rev. Arthur Temple Lyt- TELTON, M.A., appointed 1882. Tutors. The Master. Rev. George Herbert Sing, M.A, Rev. Frederick Charles Searle, M.A. Classical Lecturers, Rev. G. H. Sing, M.A. H. J. C. Knight, M.A. Mathematical Lecturers. C. A. E. Pollock, M.A. F. C. Searle, M.A. Theological Lecturers. The Master. H. J. C. Knight, M.A. Hebrew Lecturer. Rev. F. C. Searle, M.A. Dean, The Master. Precentor, Rev. G. H. Sing, M.A. Bursar and Prcelcctor, A. P. Humphry, M.A. ADMISSION. Candidates for admission must be members of the Church of England. The Entrance or College Matricula- tion Examination takes place early in June, for those intending to enter in October ; application should be made to one of the Tutors for the exact date. The subjects of the Examination are elementary Latin, Greek, and Mathe- matics, and candidates are merely re- quired to show a likelihood of being able to pass Parts I. and II. of the Little-go not later than the end of their third term. SCHOLARSHIPS, EXHIBITIONS, ETC. About two Scholarships of £50 a year each are offered, generally every other year, in June, for proficiency in Mathe- matics or Classics. They are tenable for two years, but may be extended for a further one or two years. Candidates, who must be under nineteen years of age, should apply to the Master about a week before the Examination. EXPENSES. The College charge is £27 a term, to be paid in advance, at the beginning of each term. This includes board (breakfast, lunch, and dinner being common meals in Hall), rent of fur- nished rooms, tuition, attendance, Uni- versity capitation tax, and College dues, but not University fees (for matricula- tion. Examinations, and degrees). There is no entrance fee or Caution money. CLUBS. The Athletic, Boat, Cricket, Foot- ball, and Lawn Tennis Clubs, are SEL— SEN 106 united in one. The entrance fee is jf I IS., and the subscription £i is. a term. The subscription to the Musical Society is 2s. 6d. a term, and to the Junior Combination Room 2.s. 6d. Selwyn Divinity School.— (^^^ Divinity School.) Semitic Languages Tripos. — The Semitic Languages Tripos in 1887 and subsequent years will be held in the Easter Term instead of the Lent Term. It will be open to any student who has entered on his eighth term at least, having previously kept seven terms, provided that eleven complete terms shall not have passed after the first of the said seven terms ; but may be taken later, in some cases as late as the six- teenth term, if certain other Honours Examinations have been passed, or one of the Special Examinations has been passed, or later still under certain other circumstances with the special per- mission of the Council. The Examina- tion consists of the following papers : ( I ), Translation into Arabic ; (2), Selected portions of the Kor'an, with Arabic commentary, and Arabic Grammar, with passages for translation into English from a selected work of some native Grammarian ; (3), Selected Arabic works ; (4), Passages for translation into English from unspecified Arabic works ; (5), Translation into Hebrew, and passages for pointing ; (6), Selected books of the Hebrew Scriptures, with a selected Hebrew commentary on one of the said books ; (7), Passages for translation into English from unspecified books of the Hebrew Scriptures ; (8), Paper on post-biblical Hebrew (partly on selected, and partly on unspecified books) ; (9), Translation into Syriac, and selected books of the Syriac Versions of the New Testament; (10), Biblical Chaldee, and selected books of the Targums and of the Syriac Versions of the _ Old Testament; (11), Selected Syriac works ; (12), Passages for trans- lation into English from unspecified Syriac works ; (13), Comparative Gram- mar of the Semitic Languages; (14), Literary History of the Semitic Lan- guages. The selected books are an- nounced by the Board of Oriental Studies two years before the Examination of any year; the Board also publishes from time to time a Hst of books bearing on the last two papers. Candidates who deserve Honours are placed in three classes, arranged alphabetically, and no one can obtain a First Class who does not show a competent knowledge of two of the three languages, Arabic, Hebrew, and Syriac, and also of the Comparative Grammar of the Semitic languages. Senate.— ('SV^ Governing Body.) Senate House. — The Senate House is one of the three imposing and central University buildings which are somewhat overshadowed by the more imposing Chapel of King's Col- lege ; the other two being the University Library and the University Church. The Senate House was completed in 1730 by the architect Gibbs ; it is a rectangular building, in the finished Classical style of that day. The in- terior is a large and well-proportioned room, with carved panelling and gal- leries on all sides of Norway oak. The floor is of black and white marbles, and the ceiling is richly decorated. The Chancellor's chair is on a raised dais at the west end, at which end the twa tiers of windows running all round the building are without lights. Near the entrance are a statue by Rysbrack of Charles Seymour, Duke of Somerset, and an excellent statue of Pitt by NoUekens. Congregations of the Senate are held here for the purpose of voting on Graces offered by the Council ; discussions, when necessary, are held on a previous day in the Schools. Degrees are also conferred at Congregations. The ceremony of matriculation,and most of the University Examinations take place in the Senate House ; but when several Examinations occur at the same time, or the candidates are too numerous for the Senate House, other University 107 8EN-SID rooms are used, and the Guild Hall or has power to punish by deprivation or Corn Exchange is sometimes hired as suspension of degree, or any lighter well. sentence, but there is liberty of appeal Sex Viri.-The Senate elects six ^^ ^^^ ^^"^^^ ^^^"^ '^^ '^^'''''''''' officers, called wSex Viri, to hold office Sheepshanks Astronomical for two years, who, with the Chan- Exhibition (;£"50 for three years) is cellor, constitute a Court to hear all open to all Undergraduates, successful accusations against members of the candidate to become a member of Trinity University, not zn statu pupillari^ for College (at which College the Exami- offences against the statutes or ordi- nation is held) if not already so. Next nances of the University. The Court ExaminationinMichaelmas Term, 1885. SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE. Like Emmanuel College, Sidney Sussex (commonly called Sidney) College was founded on the site of a suppressed religious house. The Franciscan or Grey Friars settled here about 1240, but, on the suppres- sion of the monasteries in 1538, Henry VI H. granted their grounds to Trinity College. Lady Frances Sidney, widow of the third Earl of Sussex, and aunt of Sir Philip Sidney, left at her death, in 1595, a legacy for the foundation of a College in Cambridge to be called after her name, the College of Lady Frances Sidney Sussex. Her executors obtained the site from Trinity College, which still receives from Sidney the annual rent of £\z 6s. Sd. There are two courts, both open to the street on their western sides ; the northern court was first built in 1 596-9 by the architect, Ralph Simons, of red brick with stone facings in picturesque, ram- bling Elizabethan style, and the entrance was in the middle of the west side ; Sir Francis Clarke soon after built a block in similar style to the south, which, with the Chapel subsequently erected, formed the south court. The present proper and symmetrical appearance was given to the College about 1830 by the architect. Sir J. Wyatville, who covered the whole with a stucco veneering, and added embattlements and gables, and placed the new gateway between the two courts, conveniently giving entrance to both. The present Chapel on east side of south court was built in 1780, but made uniform with the other buildings in 1830 ; it con- tains a beautiful altar-piece of the Venetian school, *^The Flight into Egypt," by Pittoni. The Library, north of the Chapel, has a fair collec- tion of sixteenth and seventeenth century printed books, and some valuable manuscripts ; it contains a bust of Oliver Cromwell, by Bernini, taken from a plaster impression of his face after death. The Hall and Master's Lodge are both entered by the porch projecting in the middle of the east side of the northern court. The former is a large room with a handsome semicircular bay-window at the upper end, near which is a portrait of the foundress. The Lodge is one of the best in Cambridge, and has amongst its pictures the finest extant portrait of Cromwell, in crayon, by Samuel Cooper. The Master's garden behind the Lodge and the Fellows' garden north of the College are both of them large and tastily arranged. The College possesses a fine silver-gilt ewer and basin, once attributed to Cellini, but SID-SID 108 really of English make (1610), presented by Sir John Harrington, one of the executors of the foundress. Oliver Cromwell entered at Sidney College, but left without taking a degree, apparently to manage his property on his father's death. Another distinguished member was Thomas Fuller, the antiquarian and historian. ADMISSION. A candidate for admission must send to the Tutor a certificate from a Graduate of Cambridge or Oxford, stating that he is of good moral cha- racter, and that he possesses sufficient knowledge of Classics and Mathematics to qualify him to become a member of the University of Cambridge. The candidate should also send his name in full, date of his birth, name and resi- dence of his father or guardian, and name of school where he was educated. There is no Entrance Examination. Each student on admission pays an entrance fee of £2 2s., and deposits ;^I5 as Caution money, to be returned when the name is removed from the College boards. Visitor. Philip Sidney, Baron de L'Isle and Dudley. Masfer. Rev. Robert Phelps, D.D., elected 1843. Tutor. Charles Smith, M.A. Assistant Tutor. G. M. Edwards, M.A. Bursar. The Master. Dean. Rev. J. W. Hicks, M.A. Steward. Rev. J. F. Hardy, B.D. Prcelector. Rev. J. F. Hardy, B.D. Lecturer in Classics. G. M. Edwards, M.A. Lecturer in Mathematics. Charles Smith, M.A. Lectzirer in Natural Science. F. H. Neville, M.A. Lecturer in Theology. Rev. J. W. Hicks, M.A. Taylor Lecturer. Rev. George Hale, MA. Lecturer in Hebrew. Rev. Edward George King, D.D. Fellows. Rev. Charles Gutch, B.D. Rev. John Frederic Hardy, B.D. Most Rev. Robert Machray, D.D. Charles Smith, MA. Francis Henry Neville, M.A. Rev. John Wale Hicks, M.A. John Iddon, MA. Gerald Maclean Edwards, M.A. William Fenwick Stokes, M.A. Sidney Luxton Loney, M.A. SCHOLARSHIPS, EXHIBITIONS, ETC. There are four Lady Sidney Scholar- ships of at least £(iO per annum ; two Brereton Scholarships of ;^5o per annum ; six Taylor Scholarships of ;£"5o per annum ; six Taylor Scholar- ships of ;f 30 per annum ; and six others of;^40. Three Blundell Exhibitions, for Tiver- ton School, £60 per annum ; four John- son's Exhibitions, with preference to Oakham or Uppingham Schools, £^^0 per annum ; two Lovett Exhibitions for clergymen's sons, with preference to those educated at Grantham or Oakham Schools, £50 per annum ; two Barcroft Exhibitions for clergymen's sons, £\z per annum. Students are elected to the Scholar- ships and Exhibitions after the Annual College Examination in the Easter Term, for proficiency in Mathematics, Classics, Divinity, and Natural Science. There is also an Examination for Entrance Scholarships in the Lent Term of each year, open to all under nineteen years of age who intend to commence residence in the following October, and tenable for two years. The next Ex- amination will begin on January 5, 1886. There are six Sizarships, worth £24. a year each, awarded by examination to students in need of assistance. FELLOWSHIPS. There are ten Fellowships, one of which is a Professorial Fellowship. The Fellows must be elected from Graduates of the College, or, if the Governing Body think fit, from among Graduates of the University of Cambridge or of Oxford. A Fellowship is vacated one year after presentation to a College benefice worth not less than ;C4^^i but is otherwise tenable for six years, provided that the time during which a Fellow has been College Tutor or College Lec- turer is not reckoned in his term of six years, and provided that a Fellow who has held the ofiice of Tutor for fifteen years, or of Lecturer for twenty years, or the offices of Lecturer and Tutor in succession for twenty years, retains his Fellowship for life, unless he is offered a life pension of £s^o a year or a College benefice as aforesaid. Each Fellow receives a dividend of not more than ;^25o a year, besides rooms and commons when in residence. EXPENSES. The average amount of College bills is about £go a year, including : tuition, ;£"l8 a year ; general establishment charges, £12 a year ; rent of rooms, if in College, varying from £7 tO;^i6 a year ; payments to bedmaker and laundress, and for dinners in Hall, cook's bill for extras, buttery bill (bread, butter, etc.), coals, and milk. Tradesmen's bills are not included in the College account ; the tradesmen must, however, inform the Tutor of any which exceed £^. The College fee for B.A. degree is £3 los. {See also general article on Expenses.) CLUBS AND SOCIETIES. Athletic Club, — Subscription, 7^-. dd. per annum. 109 SID-SIZ Boat Club. — Entrance fee, £\ \s.\ subscription, £\ \s. per term. Cricket^ Lawn Tennis, Football, and Fives A??talgama'ion C/z/(5.— Entrance fee, 5^-. ; subscription, £1 per annum. Colours, dark blue and crimson. Debating Society, — Subscription, 2s. 6d. per term. Musical Society. — No subscription. Sight-seeing. — What is chiefly worth seeing in Cambridge will be found described under the separate Col- leges, and under Library, Museums, and Senate House. The tourist whose time is short, will find a scheme of sight-seeing conveniently laid down for him in the " Railway Traveller's Walk through Cambridge" (u., published by Metcalfe & Son), or in Professor Humphry's "Guide to Cambridge" (ij-., published by W. P. Spalding). Both are excellent guides : the former is more descriptive, and has pictures ; the latter, more historical and anti- quarian, is not illustrated, but includes a brief account of the churches in the neighbourhood. Messrs. Macmillan & Co. have also published several interest- ing and useful books on Cambridge and its neighbourhood. Sizar. — Poor students, who re- ceived allowances in the shape of ** commons," were called " sizars," from the word " size." Formerly they were obliged to perform some of the duties of College servants, and were looked down upon by their richer fellow students ; but now all these indignities have been removed, and a sizar, who still in some but not all cases receives part of his emoluments in the shape of free commons, is in effect in a similar position to an Exhibitioner or a Scholar; the only difference being that before being admitted to a Sizarship, which is usually awarded by competitive exami- nation, a candidate must prove his need of pecuniary assistance, which is not required in the case of Exhibitions and Scholarships. SIZ-SPE HO Size (either from Assize, Fr. asseoir, to set down, or from scittdere^ to cut). — This ancient University word, formerly employed both as a verb and as a noun equivalent to sizings [zvhich see)i is now almost confined to the former use ; and to *' * size' at dinner, is to order yourself any little luxury that may chance to tempt you, in addition to your general fare ; for which you are expected to pay the cook at the end of term." Sizings.—" Sizings in hall " are the little luxuries ordered, or sized for, beyond the fare provided. " Sizings " is also still used occasionally for the daily supplies of bread, butter, etc., provided in College rooms from the buttery, which are more generally called *' commons." Smith's Prizes {£22, each). These prizes, founded by Dr. R. Smith (1768) for two commencing Bachelors of Arts, the best proficients in Mathematics and Natural Philosophy, will, under recent regulations, be given for the future to two Bachelors of Arts who present the Essays of greatest merit on any subject in Mathematics or Natural Philosophy, to be sent, in during the Christmas vacation next but one following the Examination in Parts I. and II. of the Mathematical Tripos for which they were entitled to enter. SopllS. — Second year men are called Junior Sophs, and third year men Senior Sophs. In this way the gradual growth of wisdom in the Undergraduate mind is expressed. Special Examinations {see Arts, Proceedings in). — The Special Examinations are held twice a year, in the Easter and Michaelmas Terms, but the Music Special only in the Easter Term, and the selected subjects for any year (being the same for the Michaelmas as for the preceding Easter Term) are announced in the Easter Term of the previous year. The Exami- nations are conducted entirely by printed papers (except in the Natural Science and Music Special) ; and the successful candidates in each are placed in two classes, the names in the first being arranged in order of merit, and those in the second alphabetically (in Theology there are three classes, the first arranged in order of merit, and the second and third alphabetically). There are seven ** Specials," viz. : I. Theology, embracing obligatory papers on (i). Selected Books of the Old Testament in the English Version ; (2), One of the four Gospels in the original Greek; (3), One or more of the Epistles of the New Testament in the original Greek ; (4), {a) the Outlines of English Church History down to 1830; {d) a selected subject or period of English Church History ; and (5), an optional paper on a selected portion of the Old Testament in Hebrew. II. Moral Science.— The Exami- nation is held in Logic and Political Economy (three papers in each) as alternative subjects, no student being examined in more than one subject. III. Law and Modern History, only one branch being taken by any student. _IV. Natural Science. — The Exa- mination consists of elementary ques- tions in the following four branches, only one of which is taken by any student: (l), Chemistry; (2), Botany; (3), Zoology ; (4), Geology. V. Mechanism and Applied Science. — The Examination consists of five papers, on (i), Mechanics, includ- ing Statics, Dynamics, and Hydro- statics ; (2), Heat ; (3), Mechanism, and the general principles of Machines ; (4), Theory of Structures, Strength of Materials, and Principles of Surveying and Levelling ; (5), Electricity and Magnetism. The first two papers are obligatory on all candidates, and each candidate has to choose one, and only one of the other three. VI. Music. — The Music Special is the same as the Preliminary Examina- tion for degrees in Music {see Music, Degrees in). The subjects of the Examhation, which is conducted partly by paper and partly viva voce^ are ( i ), Acoustics (no knowledge of Mathe- matics beyond Arithmetic will be re- quired to satisfy the Examiners in this subject) ; (2), Counterpoint in not more than three parts ; (3), Harmony in not more than four parts. VII. Modern Languages.— The Examination is held in (i), English Language and Literature ; (2), French Language and Literature ; (3), Ger- man Language and Literature. Candi- dates are required to pass in (l), and in either (2) or (3). In each division questions are set on special books and periods of literature, as well as general questions on the language. State Medicine.— (6>^ Sani- tary Science.) Studies, Boards of.— (i.) Spe- cial Boards of Studies. — Under the provisions of the 18S2 Statutes, Special Boards of Studies are appointed for all the important departments of study recognised in the University, consisting of the Professors of the corresponding subjects, together with such Readers, University Lecturers, Examiners, and other persons as may be appointed by Grace of the Senate. It is the duty of every Special Board to consult together on all matters which relate to the studies and Examinations of the University in its department, and to prepare, when desirable, and present to the Vice-Chancellor a report to be published to the University by him. Each Special Board has also to frame a scheme of lectures in every year, taking care to distribute the several branches of learning in its department among the said Professors, Readers, and University Lecturers ; and having regard to such regulations and instructions as the General Board of Studies may issue. Every scheme so prepared by any Special Board must be approved by the said General Board. These Boards also nominate Examiners and issue from time to time lists of books recom- HI SPE— SUR mended for study, and also lists of set subjects appointed for certain Examina- tions. (2.) The General Board of Studies consists of the Vice-Chancel- lor, one member of each Special Board of Studies elected by that Special Board, and eight members of the Senate elected by Grace ; the members retiring by a regular system of rotation. It is the duty of the General Board to consult together on all matters which relate to the studies and Examinations of the University, including the maintenance and improvement of existing institu- tions, and the provision of new insti- tutions. The General Board also issues regulations and instructions respecting the subjects and character of the lectures to be delivered, the superintendence of laboratory work, the subordination when necessary of the Readers and University Lecturers to the Professors, and the dis- tribution of their work of teaching. Supplicat. — A supplicat is a docu- ment, in a prescribed form, signed by the authority of a Colege, Hostel, or Non-Collegiate Board, on behalf of any candidate for a degree, requesting that the degree may be granted. Supplicats must in every case be presented to the Council of the Senate, and are read out by the Senior Proctor on Degree Day {which see). Surgery* Proceedings in. — For degrees in Surgery, students who have not already graduated in Medicine have to do all that is required for the M.B. degree, with the exception of the Act [see Medicine). There is one further Examination for the degree of Bachelor of Surgery (B.C.), which may be taken after the first part of the third M.B. Examination has been passed, and in the same term therewith, but the degree cannot be obtained till the second part of that Examination has also been passed. The Examination, which is partly in writing, partly oral, partly practical, takes place in the Michaelmas and Easter Terms, in the following subjects : Surgical Opera- tions, the Application of Surgical Ap- SUR— SYN 112 paratus, the Examination of Surgical Patients ; and successful candidates are arranged in alphabetical order. Students before admission must have attended a course of instruction in Practical Surgery, and the surgical practice of a recognised hospital for two years at least, and also acted as dresser or house surgeon at a recognised hospital at least six months. For the degree of Master of Surgery, candidates are required to have done all that is required for the B. C. degree, and then after two years at least have elapsed have to pass an Examination in Pa- thology, Principles and Practice of Surgery, Surgical Anatomy, Surgical Operations, a surgical case and a topic relating to surgery to be submitted in writing to the candidate, on one or both of which at his option he is required to write extempore a short essay. This Ex- amination is held in the Michaelmas and Easter Terms, and is partly in writing, partly oral, and partly practical. Suc- cessful candidates are arranged in alphabetical order. Surgery, Professor of.— This Professorship was established in 1883, at the suggestion of G. M. Humphry, M.D., F.R.S., who offered to retire from his Chair of Anatomy, and to undertake the duties of a Professor of Surgery ^ without any stipend, till the University should otherwise provide. The election is governed by the 1882 Statutes, but the Professorship may per- haps be discontinued on a vacancy, if the University does not by that time see its way to providing a salary. Swimming Club, Cambridge University. — Subscription, \os. a year, or a guinea for life. This Club has sheds, with diving-boards, etc., in one of the Granchester meadows ; members are given a key of admission, and the subscription covers the use of towels, which are obtained at a cottage close at hand. A teacher of swimming is always present to instruct members for a moderate fixed fee. Any mem- 1 bers of the University, who do not belong to the Club, may use the sheds by payment of 6d. on each o::casion. The C.U.S.C. holds swimming races in the May Term and also in ihe Long Vacation. The May races, on the 6tli, 8th, and 9th of June, 1885, resulted as follows : Quarter-Mile Race. — W. Winslow (Caius), i; P. G. O'Connell (Pem- broke), 2; G. Steel (Non-Coil. ), 3; E. F. Batty (Corpus), o. Won by about 10 yds. Time, 4 min. 12 sec. Fifty Yards Race,—Y. R. Cleave (St. John's), I ; S. H. Whateley (Queens'), 2; P. G. O'Connell (Pembroke), 3. Won by a foot. Time, 34^ sec. Two Hundred Yards Handicap, — H. E. Stack (Pembroke), 35 sec. start, I ; G. P. Bidder (Trinity), 30 sec, 2; S. H. Whateley (Queens'), 20 sec, o ; C. W. Herbert (Trinity), 25 sec, o. Won by a yard. Time, 4 min. 17I sec. One Hundred Yards.—?. G. O'Con- nell (Pembroke), i ; P. R. Cleave (St. John's), 2 ; W. Winslow (Caius), 3. Won by a foot. Time, i min. 28 sec. Aquatic Steeple- Chase Handicap, — E. Newton (Pembroke), 18 sec. start, I ; W. Carpmell (Jesus), 14 sec, 2 ; A. G. McArthur (St. Peter's), 12 sec, 3. Won by about 5 yds. Two Hundred Yards Race. — S. H. Whateley (Queens'), i ; P. R. Cleave (St. John's), 2 ; P. G. O'Connell (Pem- broke), 3. Time, 2 min. 2f sec. One Hundred Yards Handicap. — S. H. Whateley (Queens'), 3 sec. start, i ; G. Steel (Non-Coil), 3 sec, 2; P. R. Cleave (St. John's), 3 sec, o. Time, 56f sec. Distance Diving.— k. Heathie (St. Peter's), 91 yds., i ; G. P. Bidder (Trinity), 83 yds. 2 ft., 2. Headers. — L. Cobbett (Trinity), I ; H. Wilford (Jesus), 2 ; S. H. Whateley (Queens'), 3. Syndics are the members of special committees (Syndicates) of members of the Senate, appointed by grace of the Senate, from time to time, for specific duties, either permanent or occasional. Teachers' Training Syndi- cate. — The scope of University work has been much extended in recent years, so that itis no longer a stationary institu- tion, educating in a few old-fashioned subjects such students as choose to come to it and learn. In many senses it has ceased to stand still ; not only does it gradually admit into its curricu- lum every recognised and recognisable study — the study of Ghosts is shortly expected to have a Tripos to itself— but it sends out its sons to carry on the work of education and examination, under fixed rules and standards, all over England. Local Examinations and Local Lectures were established first, and these have been lately fol- lowed by a scheme for training Teachers and testing their proficiency. After almost all other sciences had been taught and examined, the Science of Education was at last recognised. In 1879 the University appointed a Syndicate to organise Courses of Lec- tures on the Theory, History, and Practice of Education, and to organise and superintend Examinations in the same subjects, and to award certificates of proficiency on the result of the Examinations. The next Examination, to be held at Cambridge and in London in June, 1886, open to candidates over twenty years of age, who are Graduates of some University, or have passed one or other of certain University Examina- tions, will be in the following subjects : (i). Theory of Education, including {a) scientific basis, and {d) Elementg of the Art of Education ; (2), History of Edu- cation in Europe since the Revival of Learning generally, and specially John Amos Comenius by Professor S. S. Laurie, and the Life and Work of Arnold ; (3), Practice of Education, embracing {a) Method, and (d) School Management. A fee of ;,^2 lOi-. is paid by each candidate. Those who have obtained a certificate of theoretical efficiency in one of these Examinations may be awarded a certificate of practi- cal efficiency, after a year's work in 113 TEA— THE some school or schools recognised by the Syndicate, such certificate being based upon (l), Examination of the class taught by the candidate ; (2), inspec- tion of the class while being taught ; (3), questions put to the teacher in private after the inspection ; and (4), report made by the head master or mistress. Further information as to the work of the Syndicate may be obtained from the Secretary, Mr. O. Browning, King's College, Cambridge. Tennis. — The double - handed Tennis match between the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge took place at Lord's on July 1 1, 1885. H. E. Crawley (Trinity) and H. Eaton (Trinity) won the match for Cambridge by three sets to one ; Lord Robert Cecil (University) and H. Emmons (Balliol) representing Oxford. Ten Year Men.— Under an old Statute of Elizabeth's reign, clergymen in priest's orders coming to the Univer- sity at twenty-four or more years of age might proceed, after ten years, to the degree of Bachelor of Divinity, without first taking any degree in Arts, provided they fulfilled all other requirements for a Divinity degree, their nine terms* residence being spread over the ten years. The last of this class is now passing through his course. Terms.— By Statute there are three terms in every year, including at least 227 days. Michaelmas Term begins on October i and ends December 19, Lent Term begins January 8, and Easter Term ends on June 24. Lent Term ends and Easter Term begins accord- ing to the position of Easter. {See Residence, also Long Vacation Term.) Theological Tripos.— The Theological Tripos consists of two parts, of which the first part only or both can be taken: {a), in the third Easter Term after the first term of residence; (/^), in the third or fourth Easter Term if another Tripos THE— TOVy 114 Examination has been passed in the second ; (<:), in the fourth or fifth Easter Term if the B. A. degree has been taken on a Tripos Examination passed in the third Easter Term ; and {d), Part I. having been passed in one year, Part II. may be taken the next year, pro- vided it be not later than the fifth Easter Term ; also Part II. only, with three papers of Part I., viz. (i). Old Testament, General (English) ; (2), New Testament, General (Greek) ; and (3), either Histories of the Church, or His- tories of Christian Doctrine, may be taken {e) in the third or fourth Easter Term, when any other Tripos Exami- nation has been passed in the second ; (/), in the fourth or fifth Easter Term, when the B. A. degree has been taken on any Tripos Examination passed in the third Easter Term. A student obtaining Honours in Part I. only may take his B.A. degree without further examination. Part I. consists of eight papers: (i), Old Testament (General) ; (2), Genesis or some other specified historical portion of the Old Testament in Hebrew ; (3), Transla- tion from Historical Books of Old Testament generally, with questions on Hebrew Grammar and easy Hebrew Composition ; (4), New Testament (General) ; (5), the Gospels in Greek, specially one selected Gospel ; (6), Acts, Epistles, and Apocalypse, in Greek, specially a selected portion ; (7), History of the Church to the death of Leo the Great, specially a selected work on some portion of the history ; (8), History of Christian Doctrine to the close of the Council of Chalcedon, with special reference to the Ancient Creeds and other original authorities. Part II. consists of four sections, of which not more than two can be taken by any candidate. Section I., Old Testament, comprises papers on (i), Isaiah (Hebrew) ; (2), selected portions of Poetical and Prophetical Books (Hebrew and Septuagint) ; (3), Trans- lation from Hebrew Old Testament generally and Hebrew composition. Section II., New Testament, papers on (i), a selected Gospel (Greek) ; and (2), a selected Epistle or Epistles (Greek), with some Patristic Commen- tary and the Latin Versions; (3), the New Testament (Greek) generally, with Greek Composition. Section III., History and Literature, on (i), selec- tions from the Apocrypha, the Apocry- phal literature, Philo and Josephus ; (2), selected Greek and Latin Ecclesi- astical writings, and two Historical Periods with selected illustrative docu- ments, viz., (3), between death of Leo the Great and taking of Constanti- nople ; and (4), between taking of Con- stantinople and the present time. Section IV., Dogmatics and Liturgi- ology, comprises (i), History and De- velopment of a selected Doctrine ; (2), a subject from Modern Theology in connection with original documents ; (3), History of Christian Worship, with special reference to selected ancient Liturgies and Service Books, and to the history and contents of the Book of Common Prayer ; (4), an Essay on some theological question arising out of these subjects. The variable subjects selected for any Ex- amination are published two years beforehand. Candidates who pass either part with credit are placed in three classes, arranged alphabetically. In the Class List of Part I. marks of distinction may be affixed to the names of those candidates who also take one paper in the Old Testament or New Testament, or both sections of Part II. ; and in the case of every student placed in the First Class of Part 11. , the list shows (i), the section or sections for which he is placed in that class ; and (2), in which of those sections, if any, he passes with special distinction. Town and Gown. — Formerly the University had many privileges in the town which, combined with ex- tortionate charges made by lodging- house keepers and tradesmen, were the most fruitful source of town and gown rows. These privileges have nearly all ri5 TOW—TRI passed away, except the two follow- have really disappeared ; only a slight ing — no theatrical performance can ebullition occasionally arises from con- he held within fourteen miles of tact between small boys and a few noisy Cambridge, and no wineshop can be Freshmen, opened in the town without leave from the University. The town, by its Tramway. — Cars start from the Council or other legitimate means, Post Office at 8.5 a.m., and every ten occasionally kicks against the theatre minutes during the day, and from Great rule; but Uiis quarrel has lately fallen St. Mary Church at 8 a.m., and every asleep peacefully. Recently this has twenty minutes during the day. The been supplanted by a dispute about the fare a// the way to the Railway Station mode of rating the Colleges in connec- is 2.d, each person, or from or to Hyde lion with the new drainage scheme, long Park Corner, id. Books containing required and now imminent. But the twelve tickets may be purchased at the ancient town and gown street rows Office (2, Alexandra Street) for u. dd, TRINITY COLLEGE. This " royal and religious foundation," which is far larger than any other in Oxford or Cambridge, was formed in 1546 by Henry VIII. by the union and enlargement of several earlier foundations. Of these the chief were ; (i) King's Hall, which occupied the northern part of the present great court, and was founded in 1337 by Edward III. for the reception of the King's scholars maintained since about 13 16 by his father ; (2) Michael- house, which occupied the south-western part of the court, founded in 1324 by Hervey de Stanton, Chancellor of the Exchequer in the reign of Edward II. ; (3) Fyswick Hostel, at the south-east corner of the court, founded by W. Fisshewik, Esquire Bedell of the University, and left by his will in 1384 to Gonville Hall, and by the latter handed to King Henry VIII. for the consideration of ;^3 a year, which sum is still paid to Caius College by the Crown. Queen Mary added considerably to the endowments, *' in expression of her private affection to her father's memory," since the clergy thwarted her laudable desire to institute public prayers for the soul of " one dying so notorious a schismatic." The greater part of the east front of the College is concealed by the houses of Trinity Street ; only the great gate and one end of the Chapel are visible, with the block of rooms between, which is the oldest part of the College. The beautiful tower gateway, called the *' King's Gateway," is adorned in front with the statue of Henry VIII. and the arms of Edward III. and his sons; the wooden vaulting is decorated with the arms of former Masters ; on the inside are statues of James I. and his wife and son, Charles. The great court, perhaps the largest closed quadrangle in the world, has all the greater sense of openness from the comparative lowness of most of the buildings. On the north side is the Chapel, a plain building externally, and next to it the Clock-tower, with a statue of Edward III., which was formerly a gateway, south of King's Hall, standing where the sun-dial now is. The Master's Lodge, opposite the entrance, with a Jacobean porch and handsome bay window, has a long lov/ front, and TRI-TRI 116 next to it the Hall lifts its high-pitched roof and lofty lantern. On the south side is another tower, the " Queen's Gateway," with a statue of Elizabeth. In the midst of the court is a conspicuous fountain, put up by Dr. Neville, in whose mastership (about 1600) the court assumed nearly its present appearance, under the skilful hand of Ralph Simons, the architect of Sidney, Emmanuel, and the second court of St. John's. The chief external alteration since is in the part south of the Hall, which received its plain facing at the hands of the architect, Essex, in 1774, when the quaintly picturesque front of the old Hall of Michael-house was pulled down. The Chapel (open to the public daily between 11 and 12, and 2 and 3), built in the reigns of Mary and Elizabeth, was recently restored and richly decorated ; at the same time the organ was moved westwards to give more room in the choir, and, in the rebuilding, was enlarged by Messrs. Hill, so that it is now, if it was not before, one of the finest instruments in England. In the ante-chapel is Roubiliac's great statue of Isaac Newton, with seated statues of Bacon, by Weeks, and of Barrow, by Noble, on his right and left. Statues of Macaulay and Whewell, by Woolner, are also here ; and busts of Porson, by Chantrey, and of Locke, by Roubiliac. The woodwork in the choir, as well as the organ-loft and organ, and the incongruous huge classical canopy over the altar, hiding the east window, were put up in the mastership of Bentley (1700-1742); but the stained glass, and the frescoes, and the illuminated ceiling are present day productions. The Master's Lodge, the front of which was " modernized " in Bentley's time, but restored to its Gothic character in Whewell's mastership by the liberality of Mr. A.J. B. Beresford-Hope, M.P. for the University, is a large house, containing state apartments for Majesty to occupy whenever it honours Cambridge with a visit ; here also the Judges stay when on circuit. Among the numerous portraits are those of Henry VIII. (represented half as large again as life-size) by Lucas de Heere; Queen Ehzabeth in one of her rich dresses; Queen Mary; Sir Isaac Newton, by Thornhill; and Scaliger, by Paul Veronese. The Hall, built in imitation of the Middle Temple Hall, is a large and well-proportioned room, with a richly ornamented screen and gallery at the south end, and a wide dais with two Fellows' tables at the upper end lighted by two lofty bay windows. Sir Isaac Newton again holds the place of honour in the middle of the north wall, and among the other portraits round the room are Bacon, Barrow, Bentley, Chief Justice Coke, Cowley, and Dryden, also the present Master, Dr. Thompson, by Herkomer ; but the gem of all is a painting by Reynolds of the Duke of Gloucester when six years old. There are two Combination Rooms south of the Hall, in which are a fine painting of the Marquis of Granby leaning on a horse, by Reynolds ; the Duke of Gloucester, by Opie; Marquis of Camden, by Lawrence; and miniatures on ivory, by Sir W. Ross, of Queen Victoria and the Prince Consort, with other portraits. The kitchen, when its huge fires are all alight, and the horizontal rows of spits are strung with their full quota of joints, is a wonderful and suggestive sight. 117 TRI-TRl The passage between the Hall and kitchen leads to the Cloister or Neville's Court ; of this, the northern and southern cloisters with the rooms above were begun in Neville's time, but lengthened in Barrow's mastership to make the court nearly a square with the Library on the west side, which he began in 1676, Wren being its architect. About 1755, Essex, the architectural leveller before mentioned, built against the west side of the Hall a Doric screen to harmonize with the Classical Library, besides replacing the gables on the other sides of this court with a balustrade. Wren's noble building is a most beautiful example of the Classical style. It rests upon massive piers along the east side, a row of Doric pillars in the centre, and a thick wall on the west side having windows filled with iron grating and three iron gates leading to the grounds ; thus a wide piazza is formed, which, with the connected cloisters on the north and south sides, gives a covered walk for a rainy day, an eighth of a mile in length. The western elevation of the Library is simple, but towards the court it is adorned with Ionic columns, surmounted by a balus- trade on which stand four statues of Divinity, Law, Physic, and Mathematics. The entrance is at the north end (pubhc admitted between 2 and 3 p.m.) by a wide marble staircase. The room is large, well-proportioned, and exceedingly beautiful ; lighted so perfectly that the lofty bookcases of dark Norway oak seem to cast no shadow. These are adorned with exquisite carvings in lime-wood by Gibbons ; on the top of them are busts of ancient authors on the east side and modern ones on the other, while underneath on pedestals all round the room are busts of distinguished members of the College, including John Ray, Coke, Barrow, Newton, Bentley, and Bacon, by Roubiliac ; and Tennyson, R. Leslie Ellis, A. Sedgwick, and Julius Hare, by Woolner. The short bookcases of a lighter colour, standing on the floor of black and white marble, help to close in the vista, at the end of which is the grand, calm statue of Byron by Thorwaldsen. The short cases contain books left by Whewell, Julius Hare, and W. Grylls ; the last is the largest and most valuable collection of the three, including copies of the first four folios of Shakespeare, and many other rare books, secured by a wire netting under lock and key. The tops of these cases are filled with curiosities of various kinds, among which are a good collection of coins and some beautiful illuminated manuscripts. Under a separate glass case is a manuscript of several of Milton's poems, some in his own handwriting, with the rough notes for *^ Paradise Lost," as first planned for a drama. Any Undergraduate can borrow books from the Library, by obtaining an order from his Tutor. At the south-west corner of the great court is a passage leading to Bishop's Hostel, also entered from Trinity Lane ; this small block, forming three sides of a rectangle, was originally Gerard's or Garret Hostel (which name still remains in the adjoining Garret Hostel Lane, leading to Garret Hostel Bridge), but on being rebuilt by Hacket, Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry, in 1670, was renamed Bishop's Hostel. It has been recently restored and a new block of rooms built round two TRI— TR I 118 sides of it, on the site of former stables, etc. West of this is a tower gateway leading into the new court, built 1823-6 by the architect Wilkins, partly stone and partly stucco, in consequence of a fire which occurred during the building. It is in the substantial Gothic style which the architect employed in his buildings at Corpus and King's. The north side opens into the cloister court by a row of six arches, and the tower gateway on the west side leads to the stately avenue, *' that long walk of iimes," planted on the College side of the river in 17 16 and on the other side in 1671. The arrangement of the walks has given this part of the grounds the name of " Gridiron," the bridge and the first part of the avenue forming the handle. Further west, on the other side of the public road ^ is the Fellows' garden or " Roundabout," so called from its circular path- way ; south of this a public footpath, Burrell's Walk, leads to the College cricket-ground. On the east side of Trinity Street, opposite the main entrance of the College are two small courts built by Dr. Whewell, and called from him the Master's Courts, running through to Sidney Street. Visitor. The Queen. Master. Rev. William Hepworth Thompson, D.D.. F.S.A. . Vice-Master. Rev. Coutts Trotter, M.A. Tutors. Joseph Prior, M.A. James Whitbread Lee Glaisher, M.A., F.R.S. Vincent Henry Stanton, M.A. Richard Appleton, M.A. Assistant Tutors and Lecturers. R. D. Archer-Hind, M.A. {Classics). A. H. F. Boughey, M.A. [Classics). A. W. Verrall, M.A. (Classics). W. W. R. Ball, M.A. (Mathematics). F. J. H. Jenkinson, M.A. (Classics). J. Ward, M.A. (Moral Sciences). R. T. Glazebrook, M.A., F.R.S. {Natural Sciences). R. St. John Parry, M.A. (Classics). A. R. Forsyth, M.A. (Mathematics). PrcBlector in Ancient Philosophy. H. Jackson, Liu. D. Birkheck Lecturer in Ecclesiastical History. A. J. Mason, M.A. Clark Lecturer in English Literature. Edmund Gosse. Lecturer in Mathematics. H. M. Taylor, M.A. Lecturer in Law. C. S. Kenny, M.L. Lecturers in Classics, J. M. Image, M.A. R. D. Hicks, M.A. J. P. Postgate, M.A. H. C. Goodhart, M.A. Lecturers in Natural Science. J. N. Langley, M.A., F.R.S. A. Sedgwick, M.A. Senior Dean. Rev. R. Appleton, M.A. Junior Dean. Rev. a. H. F. Boughey, M.A. Senior Bursar. William Aldis Wright, M.A. Junior Bursar. Gerard Francis Cobb, M.A. Auditor. John Willis Clark, M.A. Fellows. Rev. Charles William King, M.A. Rev. Henry Richards Luard, D.D. Joseph Prior, M.A. Rev. Coutts Trotter, M.A. Gerard Francis Cobb, M.A. Henry Jackson, Litt.D. 119 TRI-TRl Henry Martyn Taylor, M.A. Basil Edward Hammond, M.A. John Maxwell Image, M.A. James Stuart, M.A., M.P. Sidney Colvin, M.A. Rev. Edward Bickersteth Birks, M.A. Michael Foster, M.A., F.R.S. James Whitbread Lee Glaisher, M.A., F.R.S. Rev. Alexander Francis Kirk- patrick, m.a. Rev. Vincent Henry Stanton, M.A. Rev. Richard Appleton, M.A. Richard Dacre Archer-Hind, M.A. Rev. Robert Burn, M.A. Rev. Anchitel Harry Fletcher boughey, m.a. Arthur Woollgar Verrall, M.A. Arthur Cayley, M.A., F.R.S. Walter William Rouse Ball, M.A. James Ward, M.A. Robert Drew Hicks, M.A. James Gow, Litt.D. John Newport Langley, M.A., F.R.S. Richard Tetley Glazebrook, M.A., F.R.S. William Aldis Wright, M.A. Francis John Henry Jenkinson, M.A. John Percival Postgate, M.A. James Parker Smith, M.A. Walter Gordon Michell, M.A. Stephen Edward Spring-Rice, M.A. James George Frazer, M.A. Adam Sedgwick, M.A. Edward Vernon Arnold, M.A. Joseph John Thomson, M.A., F.R.S. Homersham Cox, M.A. Rev. Reginald St. John Parry, M.A. Andrew Russell Forsyth, M.A. Harry Chester Goodhart, M.A. Robert Samuel Heath, M.A. Alfred Ernest Steinthal, M.A. Frederick Brooke Westcott, M.A. George Howard Darwin, M.A., F.R.S. Robert Alfred Herman, M.A. William Wyse, M.A. James Duff, M.A. Charles Llewellyn Davies, M.A. William Ritchie Sorley, B.A. Henry Francis Wilson, M.A. John Arthur Platt, B.A. Francis Stanton Carey, B.A. William Edward Barker, B.A. Alfred North Whitehead, B.A. Henry Sidgwick, Litt.D. Herbert Hall Turner, B.A. Thomas Little Heath, B.A. Robert Lachlan, B.A. Edward Gurner Gallop, B.A. William Brawell Ransom, B.A. Honorary Fellows. Sir George Biddell Airy, M.A., F.R.S., K.C.B. Lord Tennyson. The Lord Bishop of Durham, D.D. Right Rev. Richard Chenevix Trench, D.D. Lord Rayleigh, M.A., F.R.S. Edward Herbert Bunbury, M.A. William Henry Waddington, LL.D» Chaplains. Rev. Louis Borissow, M.A., Pre- centor. Rev. Francis George Howard, M.A. Rev. Stewart Gordon Ponsonby, M.A. Rev. William Cunningham, B.D. Librarian. Rev. Robert Sinker, B.D. Regius Professor of Divinity. Rev. Brooke Foss Westcott, D.D. Regius Professor of Hebrew. Rev. Alexander Francis Kirk- patrick, M.A. Regius Professor of Greek. Rev. Benjamin Hall Kennedy, D.D. Organist. Charles Villiers Stanford, M.A. ADMISSION. Every candidate for admission must send to one of the Tutors a certificate of good moral character, signed by his schooknaster or tutor, and must undergo an Entrance Examination. The principal Examination for those intending to come into residence in October, 1886, will be held on March 24 and 25 ; and an additional Examination to fill up vacancies that remain will be held on October 7 and 8. The necessary sub- jects will be Xenophon Oeconomicus^ ch. I — 10, Virgil Aeneid ii., Latin and Greek Grammar, Arithmetic, easy Algebra (including Quadratic Equa- tions), and Euclid i., ii., iii. ; but credit TRI— TRI 120 will also be given for the following subjects, in which candidates will not be required to pass, viz., translation from other Greek and Latin authors, also from French and German, Latin Prose Composition, Algebra (beyond Quadratic Equations), Trigonometry and Elementary Statics. Those who distinguish themselves in the Minor Scholarship Examination, or who pro- duce a qualifying certificate from the Oxford and Cambridge Scholars' Ex- amination Board, may be excused the Entrance Examination provided they apply sufficiently early. The Caution money, ;^I5 (for sizars jC^o), and the admission fee, £$ (for sizars ;^2 i5j.)> have to be paid directly after the Entrance Examination is passed, SCHOLARSHIPS, EXHIBITIONS, ETC. The Scholarships are divided into Major Scholarships (of which there are at least seventy-four) and Minor Scholar- ships, of which about six are annually offered. Ordinary Major Scholarships are tenable for five-and-a-half years from beginning of residence, and are worth ^looayear to a resident Undergraduate, and £80 to a resident B.A. Major or Minor Scholarships awarded before commencing residence are tenable for two years only, unless the tenure be prolonged by the Council, or the scholar be elected to an Ordinary Major Scholar- ship after commencing residence. En- trance Major Scholarships are worth £80, and Minor Scholarships £75 or ;^5o a year. At the Scholarship Examinations, Exhibitions of about ^4^ ^^^ awarded on the same conditions as the Minor Scholarships, one at least (value £s^) being for Natural Science. There are also about six Special Exhibitions for candidates from certain specified schools, worth about;^4o; and three of £6 1 3^. 4^. each, for poor scholars, awarded from time to time. There are sixteen Sizars upon the foundation, who are entitled to com mons and allowances of the value of more than £go per annum each, the value of a Sub-sizarship being about ;i^5o. Sub-sizars are usually elected at the Entrance Examination. Candidates for Sizarships may be either Sub- sizars of the College, or persons under nineteen years of age not yet members of the University. The Examination is the same as for the Scholarships. Sub- sizars also, who distinguish themselves in the College Examination in June, are eligible to Sizarships as vacancies occur ; or they may receive, instead, pecuniary rewards. Candidates for Sizarships or Sub-sizarships must offer proofs of pecuniary need. The next Scholarship Examination will begin on December 10, 1885. About eighteen Major Scholarships, open to Undergraduates of the College or to candidates (under nineteen) who are not yet resident members of the University, and seven or more Minor Scholarships and Exhibitions open to the latter class only, besides Sizarships, will be offered for proficiency in Classics or Mathe- matics, or both, or Natural Sciences, or Moral Sciences ; the Moral Science Scholarships will be open to any Under- graduate of the University who has passed the Previous Examination, in- cluding the Additional subjects. Can- didates for any of these emoluments who are not already members of Trinity College must send certificates of birth and character to one of the Tutors before the end of November. LECTURESHIPS. The Birkbeck Lectureship in Eccle- siastical History, in the gift of the Council of this College, is tenable for two years, and the emoluments are about £^6. The Clark Lecturer in English Literature from Chaucer to the present time, is appointed for three years, with an annual stipend of >C300> is eligible for re-election, and is re- quired to deliver a course of not fewer than twenty lectures in full term. FELLOWSHIPS. The ordinary Fellows {i.e., about fifty-four out of the sixty) are chosen from among Graduate members of the 121 TRI— TRl larger amount, if he has held certain College offices, according to the length of tenure of such offices. EXPENSES. The principal regular charges are : Tuition fee, ;^8 (for sizars £2) a term ; Steward's Account, including (i) dinner in Hall at rate of 2.s. id. 2. day, (2) establishment charges £^ a quarter (for sizars £\)\ rent of rooms from £-i^ 6r. %d. to £\o a term ; cook's bill for private supplies to rooms or extras supplied as **sizings" in Hall. The College fee for B. A. degree is £5. {See also general article on Expenses, and Fees, Uni- versity.) CLUBS. Athletic Club, — Annual subscrip- tion, lOi". Boat Club (commonly called First Trinity Boat Club), open to all members of Trinity. Entrance fee to the T. B. C. is ;^3, and terminal subscription £1 \s. Colour, dark blue, and black and white straw hat.— The Third Trinity Boat Club is confined to men from Eton and Westminster Schools. Entrance fee, ;^4 45". ; terminal subscription for row- ing members £l, non-rowing \Qs. ; or a composition of £10 for the former and £(i for the latter. Colours, white and dark blue. Cricket Club, — Entrance fee, £i 10^. ; subscription, £1 \s. a year. Football Clubs. — Association: (i), Old Harrovians ; (2), Old Etonians ; (3), *' Trinity Rest," i,e., the rest of the College. Also (4) Kugby Union, The entrance fee to each is usually 2s, 6d. , and annual subscription $s. Lawn Tennis Club (Number of mem- bers limited). — Entrance fee, "js, 6d.i subscription, ys. 6d, a year. College, or occasionally of other Col- leges, whose standing from their Bache- lor's degree does not exceed three years. A Fellow so elected usually vacates his Fellowship after six years from election, or one year after presentation to a College living worth over ;i^400 ; but if beholds one of the University Professor- ships or Readerships, or one of the University offices of Public Orator, Registrary, and Librarian ; or one of the College offices of Prselector, Dean, Bursar, Tutor, Assistant Tutor, and Lecturer (but not Assistant Lecturer), he retains his Fellowship during tenure of such office, and after holding one or more of these College offices for fifteen years, he may keep his Fellowship for life. The Regius Professors of Hebrew and Divinity (whether Fellows or not) are entitled to rooms (unless married) and commons in the College, free of charge ; and the Regius Professor of Greek, unless a Master or Fellow of another College, must be elected a Fellow of Trinity. In addition to the Fellowship attached to the Professor- ship of Greek, five other Fellowships are reserved for Professors of the Uni- versity. The Council may elect to a vacant Fellowship any person (although of more than three years' standing from his first degree) who holds the office of Bursar, Praelector, or Lecturer, or whom they propose to appoint at once to the office of Dean ; or any Professor or Reader of the University, or any person eminent for science or learning, not being a Master or Fellow of another College. Each Fellow (not being an Honorary or Supernumerary Fellow) receives, besides rooms and commons, a dividend not exceeding £250, or a TRINITY HALL. William Bateman, Bishop of Norwich, and a native of that city, in 1350 founded a College for the study of canon and civil law, and willed that " the house which the said college should inhabit should be named the hall of the Holy Trinity of Norwich." This foundation has retained its old name of Trinity Hall, instead of adopting the style of " College/' to distinguish it from Trinity College. (See Halls.) TRI— TRI 122 Architecturally this is one of the least interesting Colleges in Cambridge. The first court, which occupies the original site, received its present facing of stone and general appearance during the first half of the eighteenth century ; but the east side, facing the street, was rebuilt after a fire in 185 1 by Salvin, in a different style from the rest and a storey higher. The Chapel was restored and fitted up as it now stands in 1729 by the master. Sir Nathaniel Lloyd. The coved ceiling is adorned with arms of benefactors. Over the altar is a fine picture of " The Presentation," by Stella, presented by Dr. Chetwode, a former Fellow. The Hall was built in 1743 from the benefaction of Sir N. Lloyd, a portrait of whom hangs over the Fellows' table. The room is of good proportions and decorated in the Italian style. It contains a bust of the Earl of Mansfield, by NoUekens. The Hall passage leads to the picturesque garden court, open on the west side. The south side is occupied by the Master's Lodge. On the north stands the Library, which has retained its ancient appearance better than any other in the University. The original reading-desks and benches remain, also the iron bars in front of the shelves to which each book was formerly fastened by a chain. The Library contains a very valuable collection of law books. Amongst the MSS. are a history of the Monastery of St. Augustine, Canterbury ; an extremely old Bible ; a copy of the ^^ Chronica Mundi" (Nuremburg, 1493) quaintly illustrated; and a history of the College compiled about 1750 by W.Warren, a Fellow. The third court is a small one south of the main court, the front of which has recently been rebuilt by Waterhouse. To the north of the College has lately been built a red-brick house as a residence for a Tutor and his amily. The Fellows' garden, entered from the garden court, is one of the prettiest in Cambridge, giving a delightful view of Clare Gardens across the river, and the bridges. The garden has some very fine chestnut-trees, the branches of two of which have bent to the ground and struck roots for themselves. A very ancient piece of plate (1350) belongs to the College, the founder's cup, being, next to the alehorn at Corpus, the most ancient in the University. Amongst the eminent men of Trinity Hall may be named Bishop Gardiner, Lord Howard of Effingham, the Earl of Chesterfield, John Sterling, Lord Lytton, and Chief Justice Cockburn. Visitor. Mathematical Lecturers. The Crown. George Barnes Atkinson, M.A. Master. Walter George Bell, M.A. Sir Henry James Sumner Maine, Classical Lecturers. LL.D. E.A. Beck, M.A. Vice-Master. Alfred William Winterslow Dale, Henry Latham, M.A. M.A. Law Lecturer. Tutors. Thomas War AKER, LL.D. ?; V.^^^^^^.l}'b^r:^ u^^.,..,. ^, A Ucturer in Moral and Historical Frank Lawrence Hopkins, M.A. Sciences Assistant Tutors. THOMAS Thornely, M.A. William Walton, M.A. PrcBlector, Edward Anthony Beck, M.A. W. G. Bell, M.A. 123 TRI-TRr Bursal'. A. W. W. Dale, M.A. Steward, W. G. Bell. M.A. Librarian, A. W. W. Dale. M.A. Fellows. John Watts Ebden, M.A. Rev. H. Latham, M.A. Rev. F. L. Hopkl\s, M.A. W. Walton, M.A. E. A. Beck, M.A. John Mason Lightwood, M.A. James William Clark, M.A. Edward Lovett Henn, M.A. Charles Farquhar Findlay, M.A. W. G. Bell, M.A. A. W. W. Dale, M.A. Henry Henn, M.A. Honorary Fellow. John Richard Westgarth Hild- YARD, M.A. ADMISSION. Every candidate for admission must send to the Tutor, if possible not later than May in each year, his name, age, etc., with a certificate from some M.A. or LL.M. of Cambridge, or a Graduate of the like degree of Oxford, that he is competent in point of .classical and mathematical attainments to enter on the University course with a fair prospect of passing the Examina- tions, and that he is likely to be a creditable member of the College ; and must pay the Caution money (£15) and entrance fee (£3)> which are both re- turned if he does not eventually come into residence. The Entrance Examination is held at the beginning of the October Term, easy papers being set in Latin, Greek, and Mathematics. Students in the sixth form of the Classical Depart- ment of great schools are excused the Entrance Examination, 2& also those who have acquitted themselves credit- ably in the College Examination for Minor Scholarships. SCHOLARSHIPS, EXHIBITIONS, ETC. Scholarships are tenable up to the time of taking the B.A. or LL.B. degree ; they are at present sixteen ia number, and vary in amount from ^21 to jf 70. The Scholarships are awarded according to the results of the various College Examinations in Classics, Mathematics, Law and History. The , Scholarships of the largest amount are usually given to students who have just concluded their first year. Scholarships obtained at one Examination may be augmented on a subsequent occasion. Minor Scholarships and Exhibitions of the value of £70 and others of smaller value, tenable during the first year of residence, are awarded by an Examination usually held about Easter. They are open to all persons under nineteen years of age, who have not commenced residence in the University, but successful candidates must come into residence in the following October and are expected to proceed to a degree in Honours. The subjects of this Examination are : Latin and Greek Translation and Composition ; Euclid, Books L, II., III., IV., VI. ; Arithmetic and Algebra ; Plane Trigo- nometry ; Conic Sections (Geometrical and Analytical) ; Elementary Statics and Dynamics. There are three or more Law Student- ships tenable for three years, and of the annual value of ;^5o, given to Graduates of the College in Arts or Law, who intend to prepare themselves for practice in some branch of the Legal profession. The holders of these Studentships are not required to reside in the University. EXPENSES. The annual amount of the College bills of a Pensioner, comprising all expenses except tradesmen's bills, ranges from ^fSo to £130. The bed- makers and all other College servants are paid by the College sufficiently, and Undergraduates are requested not to give them extra gratuities. The total of a student's expenses can hardly be less than £140 and is often about £250 per annum. The College fee for B.A,. TRI-UND 124 degree is ;^3, with a fee of £i for Prselector. {See also genei'al article on Expenses.) CLUBS. Boat Club, — Entrance fee, £\ \s. *, subscription, £\ *]s. 6d. a term. Cricket Club. — Entrance fee, 5^. ; subscription, \os. 6d. a year. Football Chib. — (i), Association, sub- scription, 5^. a year ; (2), Rugby Union, subscription, first year only, 5^. Lawn Tennis Club. — Entrance fee, 8j". 6d. ; subscription, about 12s. 6d. a year. The Trinity Hall colours are black and white. Tripos. — The strange genealogy of the Cambridge term *' Tripos," as equi- valent to * ' Honour Examination, " is traced by Mr. Christopher Wordsworth in " Social Life in the English Uni- versities in the Eighteenth Century," as follows: 1. The B.A. who sits on a three- legged stool to dispute with the *' Father" in the Philosophy School on Ash Wednesday, was called Mr. Tripos, from that on which he sat. 2. The satirical speech made by him was called the Tripos speech ; and 3. His humorous verses, distributed by the bedells, were called Tripos verses. 4. His office became obsolete in the last century ; and similar verses being still circulated by authority, each sheet of verses was called a " Tripos " or ** Tripos Paper." 5. On the back of each sheet, after the year 1748, a list of "Wranglers" and *' Senior Optimes" or of * 'Junior Optimes " was published. These lists w^ere called the ' ' Triposes " or first and second "Tripos lists" respectively. 6. The Mathematical Examination, whose interest centred in this list, was called the Tripos. 7. —When other Honour Examina- tions were instituted, they were dis- tinguished as the "Classical Tripos," etc., from the "Mathematical Tripos." There are now ten Triposes (de- scribed under separate headings), I founded in the following order : Mathe- matical, Classical, Moral Sciences, j Natural Sciences, Theological, Law, i History, Semitic, Indian, and Medievalj and Modern Languages. Tutor. — The College officer with whom the Undergraduate has most frequent contact is the Tutor. He not only directs the studies of his pupils, but also deals with them in all points, material as well as intellectual. He collects the College bills, and generally acts as agent for the College in all business transactions with its members. Undergraduates will do well to take advantage of all openings to real friend- ship with their College Tutor, who should be regarded ifi loco parentis, as he is always quite prepared to hear and advise in any case of difficulty presented to him. The Tutor himself does not necessarily lecture or teach. Private Tutors are called Coaches. Tyrwhitt Hebrew Scholar- ships (one of ;f 30 and one of ;^20 for three years) are offered annually to Bachelors, by Examination held in the Easter Term. ■D'ndergraduates(j^^ also Fresh- men, and Reading). — tjndergraduates are those members of the University who have taken no degree (or gradus), have received, that is to say, no certifi- cate of learning from their Alma Mater. The many elements that combine to form the Undergraduate cannot be en- larged upon here, nor need the dis tinctions between the Oxford and Cam- bridge Undergraduate be here discussed. Suffice it to mention a few broad features of Undergraduate life at Cambridge, and to leave the development of cha- racter out of this life to the speculation of philosophers. The average Undergraduate gets up for breakfast between eight and nine, 125 UND— UNI and is sometimes out before eight at his College Chapel. Lectures often begin at nine, so that the virtue of early rising is more or less involun- tary. The few who scramble out of bed straight into the leciure-room suffer from the postponement of break- fast and sow the seeds of future dyspepsia. The still fewer who miss lectures suffer from the severe censure of the authorities. Happy is the man who has but one lecture in the morn- ing, for he then has time to get through some reading if so disposed, and to sit down to lunch by one o'clock with an expanded conscience. This meal is rarely later than two o'clock. It is sometimes the occasion for small hospitality, but is usually solitary and simple. Breakfast is almost more often the meal chosen for a party, and by a cruel custom, protested against so often that it may probably one day die out, it then often consists of so many courses as to require an hour's smoke after it, and the ruin of a morning's work besides. The afternoon is spent in boating or other athleticism, or in walks over the much-abused country round Cambridge. Those who walk far enough will find considerable variety in the peaceful villages and gentle scenery, relieved by few hills it is true, but by many trees, and above all by some of the finest skies and sunsets to be seen in England. Such walks — of course chiefly in pairs — are the times when men come to know one another more intimately than at any other, and are afterwards among the most remem- bered events of Cambridge life. It is possible that athletic men miss some- thing of this intimate one-and-one intercourse, although they gain in the physical and the more widely sociable directions. Time before Hall is still left for the papers at the Union. The hour of Hall varies generally from 5 to 7 ; in the May Term the hour is often from 1.30 to 2.30 ; in some Col- leges there is more than one dinner hour, at Trinity there are three Halls, roughly divided among the men of the three different years. This is the jonly common meal (except at the Hostels), and is not made enough of from the social point of view, it is too often hurried over. The hour after Hall is most calming and delightful, to those at least who meet in small coteries in one another's rooms for wine and smoke, or more often coffee and tobacco. Con- versation flows smoothly and whist often follows, but only for a rubber or two, not on into the night. Crack whist-players of course have their longer gatherings on certain nights, but the average man only is here con- sidered. About eight o'clock the man who wishes to read goes to his rooms and solitude ; if it be Tuesday, many are off to the debate at the Union; and on Saturday most of the smaller societies, debating or otherwise, fore- gather, as that is a general holiday evening. The man who for any reason is not disposed to read, will find many ways of spending the time ; he may call on a similarly or not similarly dis- posed person, or on a few evenings only during the term he will find the Theatre open, or a Concert or other entertainment at the Town Hall. The hour of midnight is now nearly reached, when all are inside the walls if not in bed ; and here the curtain may be fitly drawn. Union Society (Cambridge). — This Society is by far the largest and most important club in Cambridge. The building is behind the Round Church, and contains a large reading- room in which the debates are held ; an excellent lending library of 18,000 volumes, with writing, smoking, and other rooms. Additional accommoda- tion has been provided by an extension of the building begun in 1884. The number of resident members is about 1,500, and there are over 8,000 honorary or life members. Meet ings for debate are held every Tues- day during full term. Members may UNI— VIC 126 obtain for their friends tickets of ad- mission to the strangers' gallery during debates ; but no members of the Uni- versity who are not members of the Union may be admitted to the strangers' gallery except at the first two debates in every term. Any member of the University may join the Union, on the proposal of one member thereof. The entrance fee is £i, and the subscription j£i a term for nine terms, after which the member becomes a life member ; or a composition of yCy los. may be paid on entrance. Members of the Oxford and Durham Union Societies, and of the Dublin ''College Historical So- ciety," may use the rooms and take part in debates, but not in private business meetings of the Cambridge Union. ITniversity. — The University of Cambridge is a body which grants degrees to those of its members who have fulfilled certain conditions of resi- dence and passed certain Examinations. The University also, by its Professors and Readers, etc., and by its Museums and Laboratories, gives instruction; and further provides by regulations for the good behaviour of its younger members, and seeks to enforce such regulations by the vigilance of Proctors. The Uni- versity is not bounded by any four walls, but breathes, as it were, in the atmosphere of Cambridge ; it has no distinct habitation, although by the Statutes it has "precincts," inside the limits of which residence must be kept, as a rule, either in lodgings licensed by the University, or within the walls of a College or Hostel. All members 'of the University must first become mem- bers of a College or Hostel, or come in under the Non- Collegiate Students' Board ; these institutions exercise a more particular discipline, always sub- ject to the paramount laws of the Uni- versity, over their members. Each of the Colleges and Hostels also provides a kind of family life as well as instruc- tion, in addition to that given by the University. XTniversity Churcli.— The ; parish church of St. Mary the Great \ has been used for nearly 600 years by ; the University for religious services, and formerly also for other proceedings, such \ as lectures and dramatic performances* i The present building was begun in 1478, I and the tower was finished in 1608, 1 The nave is a good example of late Per- [ pendicular, and the bright effect of the \ clerestory and oak roof is very pleasing, i The alabaster reredos and the chancel ' walls are well carved. At the Uni- j versity Services, on Sunday at two, the \ stalls are reserved for Heads of Houses, i Doctors, and Professors ; the nave for * other members of the Senate ; the oak ; galleries and a few back seats for Bache- , lors and Undergraduates, while the \ greater part of the aisles are open to-j the general public. The service consists- : only of a Hymn, the Bidding Prayer, ' and the Sermon by one of the Select I Preachers. | Up and Down. — Cambridge men | of course consider their University to I be the " hub of the universe," and so a ; man comes "up" to Cambridge, and \ at the end of the term goes " down,'* ! even if he is going to London. Vice-Chancellor — N. M. Ferrers, D.D. (Caius, 1884-5).— In the absence of the Chancellor, or, with his \ consent, in his presence, or in the vacancy | of the office, the Vice-Chancellor acts '■ with the full powers of the Chancellor. ^ He presides at Congregations and other ^ University meetings, confers degrees, ] etc. He takes care that all officers of ^ the University properly perform their j duties ; and has power to punish per- 1 sons in statu pupillari by suspension \ of degree or other lighter sentence. \ Serious breaches of discipline are « dealt with by the Vice- Chancellor's \ Court [see DISCIPLINE). In conjunction \ with the Proctors, the Vice-Chancellor \ has charge of the Common Chest, in '. which are kept the University Seal and : other valuables. For the performance \ of these duties he receives a stipend of \ 127 VIC— WOM jf 400. He is chosen annually in Novem- ber from among the heads of Colleges, two of whom are nominated by the Council and proposed to the Senate for election, but enters upon office on the following January 10, or if that day be a Sunday, on January 11. Vice -Chancellor's Court.— {Sei Discipline.) Volunteers. — The Cambridge University Rifle Volunteers form the 2nd Cambridgeshire Battalion ; Colonel, H.R.H. the Prince of Wales; Lieut. - Colonel (commanding), R. T. Caldwell. There are six Companies, one filled with Johnians, and two made up almost entirely of Trinity men. Any member of the University may join, as an Enrolled Member^ -by pay- ing his first annual subscription of ^i \s. The Orderly Room is at 19, Rose Crescent. The Prince of Wales' and the Long Range Challenge Cups are competed for by members of the whole corps every Easter Term; and the *'Peek" Challenge Bowl, every term. There are also Chal- lenge Cups in each company; and a silver Challenge Bowl annually awarded to the most efficient company. The University Range at Newnham is a particularly fine one. The matches at Wimbledon in which the Universities meet are the Chancellor's Challenge Plate and the Humphry Chal- lenge Cup. In 1885 the former fell to Cambridge, with a total score of 6c6 against Oxford's 610, of which 75 was disallowed on account of a light trigger. Cambridge was represented by Colour- Sergeant Drury, Colour - Sergeant Callendar, Sergeant Pixley, Corporal Richardson, Corporal Grimley, Colour- Sergeant Searles, Corporal Simpson, and Sergeant Crommilen. Of these the first four also represented their Uni- versity in the Humphry Cup, which was again won by Oxford, scoring 706 against 662. Waddington Scholarship,— (i*^^ Craven Scholarship.) Wheweil International Law Scholarships (one of ;!^ 100 and one of £S^ foi^ four years) are offered annu- ally to all persons under twenty-five years of age, the successful candidates being entitled, and if not already members of some other College in Cambridge, being required to become members of Trinity College. Williams Prize (about fy) is awarded to best candidate in Doctrine or the Ancient Liturgies in the second part of the Theological Tripos. Winchester Reading Prizes (about ;^20 and ;f 10 respectively), open to those who have kept at least eight and not more than fourteen terms, are given for reading in public passages in (a) Classical English Prose and Poetry, \b) the Bible and the English Liturgy, and [c) a selected standard English Divine. For next Examination, in Easter Term, the selected Divine is "The Select Discourses of John Smith" (University Press Edition, 1859). Women at the University.— For some years previous to 1 881 women were informally examined by the Ex- aminers in the Previous Examination and in various Triposes, and privately in- formed of the place they would have occupied in the list. This plan, which depended upon the courtesy of indi- vidual Examiners, was manifestly in- convenient and unsatisfactory, and was abandoned in 188 1 for a system approved by an overwhelming majority of the Senate. Under this all women who have fulfilled the conditions respecting length of residence and standing which mem- bers of the University are required to fulfil, are admitted to the Previous Ex- amination, and afterwards to any of the Tripos Examinations, but not to the Examinations for an Ordinary degree. Such residence must be kept at Girton or Newnham College, or within the precincts of the University under the regulations of one or other WOM— zoo 128 of these Colleges, or in any similar institution hereafter recognised by the University. The names of successful candidates are published in separate class lists, arranged according to the same standard with the class lists for members of the University; and in cases where the names are placed in order of merit, the place which each would have occupied in the men's list is indicated. Those who fail to reach the Honours standard may be declared, if the case be so, to have reached the standard required for the ordinary B. A. degree. Women are also admitted to the Examinations held for degrees in Music, without any conditions of resi- dence, provided they have passed the Previous Examination or one of the equivalent Examinations required of students in Music. They are not at present admitted to any of the degrees, but receive instead a certificate signed by the Vice-Chancellor, declaring the conditions under which they were ex- amined and the place obtained by them. Wooden Spoon.— The last man of the Junior Ops (or Optimes) is called Wooden Spoon, and is often presented with one when he takes his degree. Wort's Travelling Pund.— From this fund grants are made from time to time by the Senate for anti- quarian or scientific research in foreign countries. For some years lately a grant has been made from the Fund to Dr. Dohm's Zoological Institution at Naples, which enables the University to send a student there to study at one of the Tables. Wrangler. — All in the first class of the Mathematical Tripos (Parts I. and II.) are called Wranglers; the word being derived from the dispu- tatious character of the oral Examina- tions of former days. Yorke Prize (about ;£"ioo) given annually for an Essay on the Law of Property, open to Graduates of not more than seven years' standing. Sub- ject for Essay, to be sent in before December i, 1885, is, "The History and Policy of the Law restraining the Alienation and Settlement of Land in England." Zoological Station at Naples. —{See Wort's Travelling Fund.) Zoology and Comparative Anatomy, Professor of.— Founded by the University in 1866. The stipend is ;£"300, to be raised on next vacancy to £700^ and the elec- tion will be regulated by the 1 88 1 Statutes {see Professors). The pre- sent Professor is A. Newton, M.A., F.R.S., Fellow of Magdalene. The Professor has under him a De- monstrator of Comparative Anatomy (S. F. Harmer, B.A.), part of whose duty it is also to look after the Museum, specially the Physiological specimens. The Professor also ap- points a Curator in Zoology (A. H. Cooke, M.A., Fellow of King's), sti- pend ;^I00. (Late SNOXBLL & SPENCER), ESTABLISHED 99 YEARS. Manufacturer of every kind of GYMNASTIC APPARATUS, For Indoor and Outdoor use, GYMNASIA FOR SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES, Swings and Apparatus for the Garden or Lawn, NURSERY GYMNASIUM. Estimates and Plans Furnished for Complete Gymnasia^ Fencing Requisites^ &»c. 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