SOME EAKLY TEEATISES ON TECHNOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY. JOHN FERGUSON, M.A., LL.D.. RKNirS I'KOFF.SSOK (IF CUKMISTKV IN THK r.NIVKKSITY OK fJLASCidW. UKAl) TO THK rUILOSOPHlCAL SOCIETY OF (ILASflOW. .lANTAKV C. Ihsi;. GLASGOW: I'llINTEl) HV KOBERT ANDERSON, 2-' ANN STKEICT. 1888. A 55-/^3 5 -Some early Treatises on Technological Chemistry. By John Ferguson, M.A., Professor of Chemistry in tlie University of Glasgow. [Read before the Society, January 6, 1886.] § 1. — During the sixteenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth cen- turies there was produced a considerable number of books dealing with the marvels of nature, with popular science and medicine, and with practical receipts for domestic and workshop use, which went under the common title of "secrets." Elsewhere* I have enumerated some 300 of these, which have come under my notice from time to time, and have endeavoured to show that they are possessed of diflferent degrees of mei'it, both as concerns their contents and them- selves. Among them there are upwards of a score which, though published under difierent names, in different languages, and at different times, exhibit such close relationship to each other that they are obviously variations and extensions of one work. They are practically unknown to bibliographers and to the historians of chemistry, and there is nothing more than a hint existing as to their origin and authorship. Although I have mentioned most of them in the papers referred to, I have not exhausted what may be said about them, and I propose in the following to give a list of them in chronological order, and such descriptions as may exhibit their history and connection with one another. I have tried to make the list as complete as possible, but I do not doubt that there ai-e editions of some of the forms of the collection which have escaped me. If it be so they must be even scarcer than those now described, all of which, the earlier editions especially, have been most difficult to procure for examination. § -2— 1. — 1531. Rechter Gebraiich d' | Alchimei, Mitt vil bissher verborgenen, nutzbaren vmid \ lustigeii Kiinsten, Nit allein den furwitzigeii * In my Bibliographical Notes on Histories of Inventions and Books oj Secrets, communicated to the Archaeological Society of Glasgow, and printed in their Transactions for 1883 and 1SS5. The present notes may be regarded as a supplement to tliese papers. 1050408 2 Philoso]yhical Society of Glasgoio. Alchimis- | misten (sic), Sonder alien kuiistbaien Werckleutten, | in vnd ausserhalb feurs, Auch sunst aller | menglichen inn vil wege zuge- I brauclien. | d Die Character, Figurliche bedeuttungen, vnd namen der Me | tall, Corpus vnd Spiritus. j ^SS" Der Alchimistischen verlateineten worter ausslegung. | (J Register am volgenden blat. j Small 4to, ff. xxvii, and one blank. Type of a somewhat florid kind is used for the title-page. Without place and printer's name. The date : M.D.XXXI. is on f. xxvii. verso. There is a vignette of a jeweller's shop on the title. On the reverse of the title are the symbols and names of the metals, &c., a list of certain Latin alchemical words, with their meanings, and the beginning of the table of contents, which ends on the reverse of f. ii. The text begins on f. iii., and runs on to f. xxvii. The first receipt is how to make nnitation amber: Agatateyn zumachen artlich vnd klar, and the last to refine gold: Wie sich clax golt gradirt. This is the earliest edition of the collection that I have seen, ■ and I judge it to be the first, because I have found no reference to any one before it, and because it contains less matter than any of its successors. The book is not mentioned by any authority except Schniieder,* who says that it was written by George Agricola, the metallurgist, and that it was })rinted at Cologne, but there is no evidence in . support of these statements in the book itself, and both of them are v.ery questionable, if not demonstrably erroneous. As to the place of printing. Two years later, in 1533, Christian Egenolph, at Frankfurt-am-Main, printed a little tract of 39 leaves, entitled : Bergwerck .vnd Problrbuchlin, including (iilbertus Cardinal on solution and parting of the metals, to be noticed below in connection with Kertzenmacher. On f, 32 of this tract there is the identical woodcut of a jeweller's shop — not a mere copy — which forms the vignette of the present treatise. Further, the Bergwerck. . .biichlin contains woodcuts of a muffle and furnace for assaying which were used over again in 1574, by the Iieirs of (christian Egonolpli, for a book entitled Prohier Buchlein. Now, in tiie preface to tliis latter work, and the head-line of each page, the same florid type is used as in the title-page of the 1531 edition. I have no hesitation in inferring from those coincidences that this first ('iliLi(tn was ))rint('d l)y Egonolpli at Frankfurt. I^ator editions (Nos. 7 .md 1 1) woro piintod ])y Egenolph and his heirs, as well as an edition of Kertzenmacher, in 1574 (No. 12), which is uniform with tlu; I'rolner /luchlcin of the same year, iibove mentioned, an were only slightly known after the most tentative fashion. The receipts arc not arranged in any regular- way, but for our present purjjose it may suffice to consider very briefly the contents (;f tlu; book under two main heads : A. substances, and B. processes. A. — Tlic substances which bulk most largely in the receipts are naturally the metals :ind .some metallic compounds. Gold and silver, mercury, antimony, tin, lead, bisnuith, copper and iron arc commonly spokciu about. Brass was made from coi:)per and calamine ; amalgams of gold and silver were familiar, and the solvent power of mei-cury for these metals was cmi)loyed for rouioving tluim from the others, as well as for getting calx of gold, that is, gold in a line state of division. The parting of gold Mr. J. Feuguson on Treatises on Tedinoloyiccd Chemistrij. o from copper by antimony and by liquation with lead, the cementa- tion and cupellation of gold, the separation of gold by aquafortis were all operations well-known at the time. Other operations were used for silver. Gilding and silvering were largely practised, and the giving of a yellow and white appearance to other metals without the use of either gold and silver was often employed. But the method of distinguishing between true and imitation gold by streak and aquafortis is described also. Mercury was much employed for the 2:)urposes above mentioned. Oinnal)ar was made from it artifically by heating it with sulphur; and sublimate is also refex'red to. Copper was quite familiar. Besides being gilt, silvered, and tinned, it was converted into verdigris by acetic acid, from which a green colour was obtained ; by the action of calamine it was made into brass ; it was whitened by treatment with arsenic. Lead was used in cupellation and liquation : it was converted into white lead by the action of acetic acid, and the pi'ocess closely resembled that pursued at the pi'esent day ; red lead was made by heating it in a furnace ; and the so-called lac virginis was made by digesting litharge got in cupellation with acetic acid. Tin was used chiefly for coating other metals and for alloying. Bismuth is mentioned ; a fusible alloy was employed for making- casts ; it was got by melting together lead, tin, and bismuth. This therefore is a very old alloy. Of the compounds of iron, green vitriol and crocus martis are mentioned, as Avell as the red solution of ferric acetate. Antimony is only mentioned in connection with the pui'ification of gold. White arsenic, orpiment, and realgar, are referred to. Arsenic was used for whitening copper. It was fused with saltpetre, and the residue (consisting mainly of potassic arseniate) was called fixed arsenic. A solution called aqua causata was made by boil- ing together arsenic, realgai", calcined tartar, sal ammoniac, with a ley of ashes and quicklime. Zinc itself is not alluded to, but lajns calaminaris or (jalmeij, native carbonate of zinc, and white vitriol are mentioned. Of the acids, the only two that are distinctly specified are acetic acid and nitric acid. The latter was made by heating together saltpetre, alum, and vitriol. Though sulphur was much used, there is no reference either to 6 Philosophical Society of Glasgoic. the acid spirit or acid oil of sulphur — that is, sulphurous or sulphuric acid. Two kinds of oil of sulphur ai-e described, one made by distilling linseed oil with sulphur, the other by digesting sulphur with oil of tartar — that is, with a strong solution of carbonate of potash, but these are oils in a very different sense of the term. The list of saline substances is comparatively limited. Besides those already quoted, it includes common salt, which was sub- jected to an elaborate but very imperfect purification ; tartar, calcined tartar, ashes, sal alkali, caustic potash, both solid and in solution, made by boiling ashes with quicklime, which in its turn was got hj calcining egg shells when wanted particularly pure ; sal ammoniac, alum, and an artificial substitute for borax, consisting of carbonate of potash and common salt, or of tartar and common salt. B. — The processes arc of a very rudimentary character, and relate mainly to gilding, silvering, tinning, and calcining the different metals, under which term was included, in pure ignorance of the different results, a good deal more than would be understood now, purification and refining of the metals and alteration of their appearance and properties, the separation or parting of the metals, the rendering of them more malleable, the formation of various solutions or waters as they were called, the preparation and purifi- cation of the salts and compounds above mentioned. There are besides some miscellaneous receipts. The very first receipt in the book is to make imitation amber. This was done by boiling turpentine and oil together till thick, stirring well, and pouring into a mould and exposing to the sun for eight days. Out of this could l)e cut Paternoster beads, knife handles, ttc. Another metliod was to make a mixture of egg yolks, gum arable, and cherry gum, and allow it to liarden in the sun. It became trans- parent, and " when iiibbod, it attracted straws like other amber." According to another, gems were polished with jiowdered antimony (that is, tlie native sulphide) on a leaden sheet. A pyrophorus was made l)y heating a loadstone with sulphur veiy slowly up to incandescence, keeping it in that state for three days and nights, and then allowing it to cool. When moistened it burns. Imitiv tion pearls were made from mussel and snail shells, thoroughly clean, powdered in a mortar, washed on a cloth in the sun, dried and calcinr;d. 'i'lu; residue jiowdered, was added to pure white of ••gg and thoroughly stirnid in, a,nd then moulded "with carefully Mr. J. Kekgusox 0)1 T realises 0)1. Technological Cheinistry. 7 washed hands" to the required size, a hole drilled througli the pearls while still soft, which were afterwards dried in the sun. They were finally polished in red wine, and fair pearls were thus got. Scented pastilles were made with labdanum, storax, cinnamon, and other odoriferous substances mixed with charcoal powder, the whole converted into a paste with gum tragacanth and water, which was then moulded into pastilles with the hand. Petroleum was obtained by soaking bricks or tiles in oil and then distilling at a high temperature. These operations involved furnaces aud vessels which are mentioned as things sufficiently well-known, and the operations themselves consisted in digesting with acetic acid and other menstrua, in crystallization, precipitation, sublimation, cupellation, cementation, roasting, fusion. In no case is there any explanation of a process given — in no case does there appear to have been even a rudimentary concep- tion of the rationale of it. On the contrary, the results were sometimes entirely misunderstood, substances or products were misnamed, and there was no notion of the permanence of the matter operated on, or of the constancy involved in the various changes. There is, for example, a process for " hardening mercuiy" which, assuming that the substances employed were the same as those denoted by the names now, and so far as the operations are intelligible, could not lead to the result supposed. A small hollow or depression is made in melted lead before it solidifies. Over this a cloth is placed, and then mercury on the cloth, and the whole is set in warm ashes till the "mercury" becomes hard. The " hardened mercury " is broken into pieces and placed in strong "vinegar," or in juice of the plant ox-tongue, vinegar, and oil, and boiled for a quarter of an hour. The " mercury " is mixed with sal ammoniac and vinegar in a luted vessel and left for 8 or 10 days; the "vinegar extracts all the roughness from the mercury;" the "mercury" is transferred to another vessel in a wind furnace, where it is heated gradually to redness till it detonates. The "mercury" is then hung in a pot with sulphur at the bottom of it, and a gentle heat is applied to vaporise the sulphur. This is to be repeated once a day for 30 days. The " mercury " is now removed, and can be hammered and fused. This " mercury," melted with twice its weiglit of copper, gives a product which behaves to all tests like genuine silver. So far as one can see, the sole result of this curious operation, lasting five or six weeks, is to vield the lead that was begun with. 8 Philosophical Society of Glasgou: or sulphide of lead, while a quantity of mercury is sent up the chimney of the wind furnace. Time and reiteration were important factors with the early chemists. Hei'e is another example : " To make gold from mer- cury." A parting water (nitric acid) was made out of vitriol (sulphate of iron), saltpetre, and plumose alum, into which crude mercury was put. The " water " was distilled off and poured back again, or new "water" was added, and the whole was put in a long-necked flask to which a little alembic was well luted, with a receiver, and the water distilled away from the mercury by means of a gentle tire till the mercury became red like blood, and gave no fume when heated, "which will happen in three months" (!!). '• Test it for two or three months, the mercury will become fixed, reduce it quickly with borax or saltpetre and it will be changed into true gold." Here, again, there is a consumption of three whole months, an endless amount of labour and expenditure of material to make what appears to be nothing more than red oxide of mercury. As for the transformation into true gold, that may have been due to the mercury containing some gold when used for the operation described, or it may not have been gold at all. It is almost useless to try to determine what the authors of these methods exactly intended, or whether the substances are the same as ours, or wliether they were pure or not, or, in short, anything about the details. All the processes are quite empii'ical, and as the chemical properties of the substances employed were virtually unknown, they must have often neutralised each other's effects instead of contributing to the wished-for result. That, however, was inevit- al)l(; in the then state of science ; rather we may wonder that so much was known as seems to have been the case. This collection forms the groundwork of the edition of 1537, and is contained in whole or in part in almost every one of the editions. 2. — 1532. Kunstbiichlciii. AUcrley Mackcl vnd Kleckcn ;uis gewaud, .Saininnt ('s(V^, Scidcn, etc. zu bringen. Dazu aiich wic cinoni jcglioh Gcwaiul scyn verlorne farlj wider zu bringou soy, dcsgl. (jlaru und Lciiiwand zu farl)un etc. Niirnb. d. Cunigund Ilcrgotiu 1532. iii-4^. (2 til. Lcmpertz.) This Ijook is quoted by Graessc [Trcsor de Livres Bares, Dresden, 1863, t. iv,, p. 53), but I have not seen it. To judge from the title, it is (juite different from No. 1 ; but it would be Mr. J. Ferguson oh Treatises on Technological Cliemislry. 9 interesting to know if it is the iirst, or an early edition of the tract with the same title, on the same topic, which is incliidetl, along with No. 1, in the 1537 and others of the later editions. That could only be settled by actual comparison of the contents. It may be mentioned here that Graesse quotes other two tracts entitled Kunstbuchlin. One was printed at ErfFort in 1599, the other, compiled by Heinr. Vogtherr, appeared at 8trassburg in 1538. Tliese tracts seem to be quite distinct from the series now under consideration. I have not seen them. 3. — 1537. Kunstbiichlin, gerccht- | ten gruiultliclicii gcbrauclis | allcr kunstbarcn Wercklciit. \ Ertzarbait, inn viid ausseilialb feiirs, auss Alcliimistischem | vncl natijrlichem gruiul, nemlich, Hiirtcn, Weychcu. Scluneltzcn, Schaidcn. Abtrcyben, Probiern. ,, , Ldtcii Etzcu. Abforinen, Abgicssen &c. Jedc farbeii zuberaitcu, crlialtcn, besscrn vnd widcrbringen, als zuin Malcn, .Schrcyben. Illuininicni, Vcrguklen. iStickeii, Edelgcstain &u. AUes Jnhalt zu end beygelegten Rcgistcrlius. M.D. XXXVII. Small 4to, (T. xxxvii., and 1 of mdex. The vignette contahis pictures of the instruments employed in the processes. Colophon : Getruckt zu Augspurg, durcli Heinrich Steyner, | am XVIII. tag Junij, im ^.D.XXXVII. (sic) Jarr. This book may be divided into two parts. Leaves IG verso to 37 contain a simple reprint of the whole contents of the edition of 1531, No. 1, about which, therefore, there is nothing more to say. The preceding leaves, however, contain additional receipts, of which the following is a brief abstract: — Leaves 2-6 are occupied with receipts for working with iron and steel. These metals Avere tempered by heating with horn shavings, or blood, or leather, the colour of the steel was noted, and degrees of temper were given to different tools by quenching in water, in infusions of plants, in tallow, in oil, in soap, and other substances. The so-called solders were fusible mixtures of various kinds. One employed for joining iron in the cold was made up of sal ammoniac, common salt, calcined tartar, bell-metal, antimony. 10 Philosophical Societij of Glasyoio. all ground intimately together, and made into a paste with glue. This was heated very slowly to fusion, then, when cold, it was reduced to fine powder. The two pieces of iron, fitting as closely as possible, were fastened to a board, with paper below, the powder was laid on, and moistened with wine, in which borras (I presume the artificial mixture already referred to under No. 1) ■was dissolved; after the ensuing ebullition Avas over the action was complete, and the superfluous material was rubbed off". Sup- posing there was an action, it is not easy to see what part the diflferent ingredients took in it. For copper, a solder was made of copper and white arsenic, and brass filings were also used. Fluxes for ores were made of sandever, ashes, lime, pounded salt, tartar and saltpetre, all powdered together and thrown upon the oi'e. Another contained sulphur, lead, litharge, saltpetre, salt, sandever, all well powdered and mixed. These nnxtures would undoubtedly slag or vitrify when heated. Etching upon iron and steel was carried out by coating the surface of the object with wax, or with massicot or red lead and oil, cutting the pattern through the film, and then acting on the metal thus exposed with a water containing verdigris, mercury sublimate, vitriol and alum, or laying on mercury sublimate and moistening with strong vinegar. This seems to have been one of the way.s for ornamenting armour. Metal objects received a gold colour by being covered with yellow varnish. Copper was silvered by grinding intimately on a slab tartar, alum, salt, and silver leaf, adding water and dipping the copper in it, and then brushing with a scratch brush. Iron or steel was prepared for gilding by depositing copper on it from a mixture of verdigris and sal ammoniac. Leaves G-7 contain the receipts for taking spots and stains out of clotli. The title of this section corresponds exactly with that of the preceding work, No. 2; and I have little doubt that a por- tion, if not the whole, of that tract is incorporated in the edition of 1537. 'I'lic detergent eniployod was chiefly wood ashes causticizcd with slaked lime, and in this tho stains were steeped and the fabric afterwards thoroughly rinsed with water and hung up in the air to dry. 'I'hi; operator is warned to keep coloured fabrics out of the sun, lest the colours fade; and among the receipts under this division is one for stifl'ening silk with gum. Tlif n-cciptH altont ink (occupy leaves 8-10. The materials used Mr. J. Fkrguson on Ti-fuUises on Technoloyical Chcminlrij. 1 1 were nut galls, green vitriol, and gum water; ])ut they were applied in a variety of ways, and, singularly enough, the importance of using proper proportions was insisted on as a preliminary instruc- tion. Invisible ink was procured by writing with vitriol and then washing with infusion of nut galls. Another plan was to write with white of an egg, wash ink over the whole surface, and then scrape with a knife where the writing was to be read. Writing was obliterated by washing it with the distillate from a mixture of sal ammoniac and alum. Leaves 10-lG contain the sections upon colours and tlieir use. The colours were partly ve^retable, partly mineral. Thus, a red colour, a lake, was got from Brazil wood, alum, and lime water, gum being added. A bronze colour was made from the same wood with galitzeiistein, that is, native white vitriol. Yellow was made from saffron, and from the yolk of eggs. Green was obtained from buckthorn and alum ; verdigris was used, and also a mixture of indigo and orpiment. What was called Greek green was merely verdigris. Blue colours were got from plants — the juice of elder berries with alum and lime water, of bilberries, of mulberries, and of corn flowers. A mixture of white lead and indigo was also used. The preparation of mosaic gold is given in tolerable detail ; the materials employed were sal ammoniac, mer- cury, contei'fey (a fine coloured brass) and sulphur. Another mixture was tin, bismuth, mercury, sal ammoniac, and sulphur. Mosaic silver was merely tin amalgam. An extraordinary method of cettins: a sold colour was to blow an egg, till it with mercury rubbed up with egg-yolk, lute the holes and put the egg, along with half-a-dozen others, to be hatched ! ! At the end of three weeks the colour is ready. Gold leaf was used. The metal was ground with honey and salt and put in a shell, then it was applied with gum water and burnished with a tooth. Another way of applying metals was to write wdth finely powdered crystal or pumice and gum water, then rub on the metal till thei-e was enough, and finally burnish. Several receipts of a similar kind are given. The next section refers to the dyeing of horn, feathers, bone, parchment, and the methods were the same for all. Feathers, for example, were steeped in alum and then put into the colouring material. Yarn and cloth were dyed in the same way. Thus, to 1l' Fliilosophical Society of G'/(tsi/ow. (lyo a red, the clotli was limed and then steeped in Brazil-wood and alum; cinnabar also was used and lees of red wine, but no distinction is drawn between mordant and pigment colours. The preceding, without exhausting the variations in the receipts, will give some notion of the substances employed and the processes pursued. Cei-tain practical results were undoubtedly attained, but at a great expenditure of time and of material, and with an uncertainty inherent in every empirical process, in which what is essential and what non-essential to success are unavoidably con- fusetl. These receipts, however, were plainly considered of the very best and most authentic kind, and they are therefore well worth notice and consideration. 4. — 1538. Kuustbuehleiii gerecbten giiiudlichen Gebi-aiiclis aller kunstbareu Werkea. Von Ertzarbeyt etc. Hiirten, Weychen, Loteu, Etzen, Abformen, Malen, Schreyben, Lumiiiiren, kStickeii etc. Augsp., H. Steyner 1538. m-4\ (38 ti.) Av. tig. en bois. ('22 gr. Lempertz. ) This is a second edition of the previous work, No. 3, 1537. The title is taken fi-om Graesse, Tresor de Livres Rares, Dresden, 1863, t. iv., p. 53. See also No. 7, 1550. Graesse does not mention the previous edition. 5. — 1539. Alchimia. Wie man alls farben, wasser, olea, salia vud alumina, damit man alle corpora, spiritus vnd calces preparirt, sublimirt vnd tixirt, machea sol. Vnd wie mann dise ding luitze, autf das Sol vnd Luna warden miig. Anch vom soluiren vnud schaidung aller metal, Polirung aller luiudt edel gestain, fiirtreflichen wassern zum etzen etc. eiii km-tzer begrif. Strassb. Cammerlander, 1539. kl. 4. Mit Holzschn. Hlbldr. This title is taken from the Aiitiqiiaiischer Katalog of C. H. Beck, Nurdlingen, No. 1G5, 1885. The book itself I have not seen, but to judge from the title it is an early edition, perhaps the first, of the work that bears the name of Tetrus Kertzenmacher. See No. 9, 1570; No. 12, 1574; No. IH, 1589; No. 21, 1G13; No. 20, 1720. and No. 29. 0. - b")4!t. CI KnnatlJoeck. | NyciiHjck | wti-n Alclicinisticlischon | gront vergadert, 'J'racturende | van alien grontlijcke gebriiyc- | kinghen dor cunaten. Nutlijck | voor alio wercluide, als Munt | meestere, ( toltwerckerf', sohey | deren, (Joltsmeden, schilderen | en alle ander werchiydo, were- | kende in stael, Yser, coeper, en | alle antlere niutalun. | Q i/lc((l C/teinisfri/. 17 with 110 notice of him, ■•iiid the name may be tictitious. Jii his preface he says that all art is from Gocl, who imparts it to those who desire it of him. ]\Ieii desire wliat is most of use to them ; they therefore seek out strange crafts, but only for their own advantage, not for God's glory, and thus they but seldom succeed. Among the arts, " Alchimia" is tlie best and highest, for whoever has it overcomes everything. But it is very obscure, for the old masters of the art would not teach it to their children and friends. Happy, therefore, is he who finds it, for it is not soon found. Laboui', however, conquers all things, and if one seeks right arts with diligence and earnestness it will not be in vain. In this art of Alchimia one must know the materials (which Kertzenmacher undertakes to describe), such as cinnabar, ultra- marine, verdigris, white lead, green vitriol, alum, white vitriol, tartar, zinc white, calamine, orpiment, arsenicum, sulphur, sal ammoniac, saltpetre, sal alkali, sal preparatum, sal borax, and the seven metals — gold, silver, mercury, iron, tin, lead, and copper. He next points out that certain of the substances are called bodies, such as gold and silver, which are fixed when heated; while others are called spirits, such as sulphur, mercury, sal ammoniac, and arsenicum, which cannot abide the fire, but fly' away. Whoever will have a true knowledge of the art must be able to make the spirits become bodies, so as to remain permanent in the fire. How this is to be done Kertzenmacher promises to teach, and he ac- cordingly divides his treatise into two books, the first descriptive of the materials, the second of their use in transmutation. To judge from tlie preface, Kertzenmacher claims — at all events he does not disclaim — the authorship of the work ; but when we come to the first book we find it introduced by the following title :— RechtergebraiK'h der Alchiniei, mit vicl biszher verborgen, niitzhareii viul lustigen Kitiisten, nit alleiii den Alchimisten, sender alien Kunst- baren ^Yerckleuten, auch sonst aller meniglich inn viel wege ziige- brauchen. — which is to all intents identical with that of 1531. Like the title, a considerable portion of the first book is taken from tlie 1531 edition, but there are some transpositions and variations and a few additions, such as the description of furnaces ; while the receipts in the first edition, which were considered as not ))earing upon transnuitation, have been onutted. Kertzenmacliei"s work is therefore only a selection from the main scries, but us 18 Philosophical Society of Glasgow. such 1 have considered it necessary to include it in the present list, especially as the compiler has seen tit to appropriate the original title. The recei[)ts in this book relate to the substances above enumerated, and include the calcination of the metals, the preparation and purification of some salts, and the making of certain solutions or waters, which have been already alluded to under the first edition, 1531. Book two deals with what was called transmutation, in reality tlie formation of white and yellow alloys and amalgams, or, in certain cases, of mixtures containing gold or silver. The few receipts on this subject which are to be found on ff. 17-19 of the 1531 edition are included, but the greater part of the book is either altogether new, or is taken from some other work with wliicli I am unacquainted. The receipts are purely empirical, and much lalx)ur and time were spent in repeating over and over again such operations as solution, crystallization, sublima- tion, with the view of getting the materials into the proper state for the required action. As these operations were performed without any principle, the results expected were never attained at all, or, if they were, the same results could be got at now with vastly gi-eater rapidity and sureness. In the sixteenth century, however, the knowledge was non-existent, and the experimenter could work only according to his lights, as has to be done at the present day. The concluding operation of this book is the separation of gold and silver. Aquafortis is poured into a glass with a long neck, wliich is set in ashes over a furnace and heated by a gentle fire. Till' alloy in small ])ieces is thrown into the flask, a condenser is adapted to it, and the whole is distilled to dryness. After the flask is cold the gold is found at the bottom, the silver adhering to the flask like crystal. On breaking tlie glass the two j)roducts are kept apart; each is melted with a little borax, and in this way good gold and silver are separated from one another. If all the receipts were as clearly described as this there would be Utile room for criticisn\, and coiisiderable cause for surj)rise and a(hiiiration. (Compare No. 6, 1549, Tract V.) A]ip('iiilc(l to Kcrtzeiimacher's treatise is a reprint of the tract on tlif .solution and parting of metals by Gilljcrtus Cardinal ; on the ]>oii.shing of precious stones; on excellent waters iov etching, |i;ut iiig, and di.saolving ; on ])1(<;hi( ions to be taken ag.unst the poisonous vapours of metals. 'Iliesi^ tracts, so far as I know, first .'ili|ii'ar(!d ;ilong wi(li the Ihrriirerck vitd I'rohir hiichlin, printed by Mr. J. Fekgusox on Treatises on Technoloijiciil Cheniisir>j. 19 Christian Egenolph at Fninckfurt in 1533, in square 8vo, of 3D leaves. They are included in all the editions of Xertzenmacher's work subsequently quoted (No. 12, 1574 ; No. IG, 1589; No. 21, 1613; No. 26, 1720), but they do not form part of the present series of receipt books. The Bergwerck viid Frohir hilcldin, liowever, is of special ini})ortance, as atibiding part of the proof that the same Egenolpli was the printer of the Redder Gebrauch d'Alchimei, 1531. See No. 1. 10. — 1573. In the British Museum there is au edition of the Secrets of Alexis, in French, printed at Paris, in this year, by Hierosme de Marnef and Guillaume Cauellat, in a fat little ICmo of 911 pages, besides a loni^ index of 80 images. It was eilited by Dr. Christofle Landre, who added to the original work of Alexis collections of secrets from other sources. One of these was the Kuii.slhorck of Audriessen, of which a ti-anslation in hill is contained in pp. 700 846. Like it, the translation is divided into six tracts, which follow in the same order as in the Dutch. The tirst tract treats of metals, and begins : Pour em/urcir lejer. The second : Povr rendre d un drap sa coidtur perduS. The third : Poiir teindre filet ou toille en hrun. The fourth : Pour preparer le Mercure. The fifth : Pour sepm-er I'or de I'argent. The sixth: Pour /aire or de Mercure, and it ends: Pour ijradir I'or. In this French version there are a few minor diffei'ences ; but Landre simply incorpoi-ated the wliole contents of the 1549 edition in his collection of receipts. From the division of the translation into six sections, it nuist have been made either from the iJutch, or from some otlur similarly-arranged edition which I have not seen, and not from the German of 1537, which, as has been already pointed out, runs on without any formal sectional arrange- ment. The remainder of Landres work has nothing to do with the present series of receipt-books. For later reprints, see No. 13, 1576; No. 23, 1637; and No. 25, 1691. 11. — 1574. Kuustbiichlin, | Giiindtlichen | rechteu gcbrauches, | aller Kunstbaren AVcrekleut. Von | Ertzarbeyt, in vnd ausserhalb Feuwcrs, auss I Alchinustischem vn naturlichem grunde, Nemlich: | Hiirten, Weychen, Schnieltzen, Scheiden, Abtrei- | ben, Probirn, Liitun, Etzen, Ahformen, Abgiessen, &c. | Jede Farben zubereyten, erhalteu, bessern, vnud wi- | derbringcn : Als ztim Malen, Schreiben, Ilhi- | minii-en, VcrgUlden, 8ticken, | Edelgesteyn, &c. | A Iks .Tnnlialt zu endt l)cygelcgten Registers. | Mit Rum. Key. Maic. Priuilegien. | 1574 1 20 Philosophical Societij of (Jhtsgow. Franckfort, Bey Cliri. Ege. Erl)en. | Small Svo, ff. 84, aud Inulialt, ff. [3]. Title red and black. The viguette is a mau cutting discs on an anvil with hammer and punch. Colophon : — (Jetruckt zu Franckfort | am Majni, bey Christian Ege- | nolifs Erben, In verlegiing D. Ada- | mi Loniceri, M. Johannis Cnipij, vnd | Paul! Steinmeyers, Jm jar | nach der Geburt Christi | vnsers Erlosers, ] M. D. LXXIIII. The title is from a copy in the British Museum [1033, c. 12 (3)]. Tliis is a reprint of the 1537 edition, No. 3. 12. — 1.574. Alchimia, | Das ist, | Alle Far- | ben, Wasser, 0- | lea, Salia, vuud I Alvmiua, damit man alle Cor- | pora, Spiritvs vnnd Cal- | ces I'repariert, Sublimiert vnnd Fi- | xiert, zubereyten. Vnnd wie man di- I se ding nutze, auff das Sol | -STind Lvna werden \ mcige. | Auch von Soluiern vnnd schey- | dung aller Metall, Polierung allerhandt | Edelgestein, fiirtretiiichen Wassern zum Etzen, | scheyden vnnd Soluiern. Vnnd zuletzt wie die | giiftige DampfF zuuerhiiton, eiu kur- I tzer bericht, kc. | Cum (Jratia & Priuilegio Imperiali. | Getruckt zu Franckfort am Mayn, | M. D. LXXIIII. 8mall 8\'o, rt". 79, and Register f. [1]. Title red and black. Woodcuts of stills and furnaces. Colophon : — Getruckt zu Franckfurt | am Mayn, bey Christian Ege- | nolft's Erben, In verlegung D. Adami j Loniceri, M. Johannis Cnipij, vnd Pauli | Steinmej'ers, Jm jar nach der | Geburt Christi vnsers | Ei'liisers, | M. D. LXXIIII. TIk' copy of this in the Bi'itish Museum wants ff'. 9-24 ; that iu Miy own po.ssession is perfect. It is a simple reprint of No. 9, 1570. A third \oluiiic, unitunn with this and tlic preceding, published iu the .same year, and witii the same colophon, is the Probier /iiichli ill avff (lohll, Silber, Erlz vnnd Mctlial, mit ril kuKtlichen Atrhiiiiistisclii'n K a listen. Tliis is the j'oprint of a treatise with an idiiiost identical title, which apjx'arcd without place, date, or primer's name several years earlier. Thoui,di this 1574 reprint does not form one of the present scries of hooks, it also is of importani-c, as furnishing,' evi(h'nc(> that tin; first edition of all, that of l").')!, Wiis printed by Kgenolpli. See No. 1. i:*.. 1. ",'•>. LuH Secrets l)v Scigiievi- Alexis I'icmontois, DivisezEn Dovx I'articH, . . . Avec La TniiHicmc I'artic Dcs reccptes de diners anthcurs, tnutcs liicn cxpii inientt'es & aprouui'cs : . . . Par Cluistollc I/mdn', . . . Mr. J. Feiuu'sox mt Treatises uu TecJuioloyical Clieinislrij. 21 A Paris, l)e rimpi-iimirio de HiorosiiU! do Miirncf, it (Juillaimiu Cauelhit, . . . 157(J. 32mo, pp. 911 ; Table, sigiiaturus MMM— QQQ viii (?) This is ;i reprint of No. 10, 1573, iind, as in it, ])p. 700 — 81G of Part III. contain the translation of Andricssun's Kunstlxicck. The translation is ilivided into tlie six tracts, arranged in the same order as in the earlier edition and in the Dutch. 14. — 1581. Een schoon Trac | taet van sommighe werckiii- | gen der Alchemistische dinghen, om | Gout, siluer te maken, ende oock van alle calcione- | ringhe der Planeten, ende andere Materien | waeteren ende olyen der seluer te maeken, | om wonderlicken daer mede te wercken. | Noch een Schoon Tractaet | Boecxken, Inholdende van alderley | verwen te maecken, ende ooc hoemen alderleye Ver- | wen wrijuen ende legi^hen sal, Ende is seer goedt | ende profijtelijcken, voor alien Schrijiiors .Schil- | ders, Conterfeyters, en andere Stofiier- | dors, Oock alien anderen Liefheb- | bers der Consten. Inholdende. | xxxiiij. Capittelen. [ Ghecopuleert ende toesamen ghe- | bracht doreh Synion Andriessen, | van Aemstelrodani | Gedruckt toe Roess, By my Derick | Wijlicx van Santen. Anno. 1581. I Small Svo, ff . xxviij, numbered ; Tafel, 2 leaves not numbered ; ^^ Een schoon Tractaet van de Alchcmistery" 2 leaves, not numbered, at the end of which is the Colophon: Gedruckt toe Reess, By my Derick | Wylicks van Santen. I Anno. 1581. | It is printed in black letter. This little volume contains two tracts. The first, beginning : " Eerst Goudt wt Mercurio te maecken," and ending: " Hoemen dat Goudt gradiert," corresponds with the sixth and last tract in the edition of 15-49, No. 6, and therefore with the last half of the edition of 1531, No. 1, or with leaves 25-37 of the 1537 edition, No. 3. The second tract consists of a series of receipts, dealing chiefly witli the pi-eparation of colours for the use " scribes, painters, copyists, decorators, and other lovers of the arts." Though it contains two or three of tlie receipts on colours which appeal- in the 1537 edition, No. 3, and in the thii'd tract of that of 154i), No. 6, tlie order is different, and tliere are l)oth omissions and large additions. The origin of these receipts I do not know ; they appear for the first time in this edition as forming part of this series of books. They are distinguished from the bulk of the other receipts by the very minutely detailed descriptions and by the precise nature of ilu' preparations, and the directions given show what trouble the old artists took to have their substances in the best possible state. The first receipt is how to make 22 PhilosojMcal Societij of Glasyoiv. varnish for scribes. Egg shells, thoroughly clean and dry, were reduced to an impalpable powder by pounding and sifting, and then mixed most intimately with the finest wliite or yellow frankincense. This, when required, was dusted from a box with small holes, till the material got a smooth surface. Another mixture was oyster shells and rosin intimately mingled. This was cheaper, but it had the disadvantage of being brown. Scribes' chalk was made by pounding the best white dry chalk as fine as possible. White of e>^'^ whipt and filtered was mixed with milk, and this in successive portions was added to the chalk and the whole beaten and stirred till a perfectly smooth thin fluid was obbiined. This was filtered through bags, and, after the fluid had jDassed through, the bags and the contents were allowed to dry spontaneously at an airy window for thirteen or fourteen weeks. Red ink, or, rather, a red paint, was made from finely powdered vermilion mixed by an elaborate process with white of egg. This was a general method for the utilisation of natural mineral colours: they were ground and sifted, or elutriated and dried — the operations being repeated as often as was deemed neces- sary, — and then the colour was used with gum water or white of egg. Green and blue colours from copper and white lead are mentioned. Vegetable colours were extracted from flowers and from coloured woods, Brazil \vood being frequently employed. This was boiled, sti-ained, and treated Avith alum and lime, or with ammoniacal urine. A " lake " was formed, which was applied with gum water. Different shades were got by varying the proportions, or by mixing the colours. A few artificial colours were made. Mosaic gold — Aurum JMusicum — is very cai-efully described. Tin amalgam was heated with sulphur and sal ammoniac, the product thoroughly ground and used with gum water. Gold was prepared for gilding I)y gi'indiug the leaf gently for a long time in successive small quantities with salt and strong gum, made of the purest gum arabic and distilled or rose water. -Miicli trouble was expended in getting the gold into the finest state. Several sections are devotcul to the laying on of gold, the gilding of books, tlie colouring of parchment for receiving gold and Kilv(!r writing, and oilier fine arts. Th(! directions give some insight, though not nearly enougli, inio tlie methods and mutoii.ils oi' (lie, old illuminators, whose Mr. J. Feiujuson oit Treatises on TecJinnlogical Cheiiiistr/j. '2'^ work seems to-day as brilliant as when it was first executed, and the results tliey attained show that work which is to be per- manent must liave much time and tliou<^lit and labour expended in its production. 15. — 1583. A profitable boke | declaring dyuers approoued re- | niedies, to take out spottes and staines, in Silkes, | Veluets, Linneii and Woollen I clothes. I With diners colours how to die Vel- | vets and Silkes, Linnen and Woollen, Fustian | and Threade. | Also to dre.sse Leather, and to CO- | lour Felles. How to Gylde, Graue, Sowder, and Ver- | uishe. And to harden and make softe | Yron and Steele. | Very necessarie for all men, speciallye for those | which hath or shall haue any doinges therein : with | a perhte table herevnto, to fyude all | thiuges readye, not the like reuealed | in English hereto- | fore. | Taken Ovt Of Dvtche, | and englished by L. M. | IT Imprinted at London by Thomas | Purfoote, and \Villiani Pounsonbie. | 1583 | Small 4to. Title leaf, and pp. 78. Table, pp. [6]. Printed in black letter. The preceding is from the copy in the British Museum (C. 31, c. 18), and I presume it is the first edition of this translation. It was reprinted in 1596, No. 17, and again in 1605, No. 20, each succeeding edition being inferior to its pi'edecessor. An account of the contents is given under No. 17, 1596. IG. — 1589. Alchimia, | Das ist, | Alle Far- | ben, Wasser, | Olea, Salia, | vnnd Alvmina, | damit man alle Corpora, Spiri- | tvs vnnd Calces Prepariert, | Sublimieret vnnd Fixiert, zubereyten. | Vnd wie man diese ding nutze, auff | dass Sol vnd Lvna wer- | den mcige. | Audi von Soluieren vnnd | scliey- | dung aller Metall, Polierung, allerhandt | Edelgestein, fiirtreiilichen Wassern zum Etzen, | scheyden vnnd Soluieru. Vnnd zuletzt wie die | gifftige Diimpff ziiverhuten, ein kur- | tzer bericht, &c. | Cum Gratia & Priuilegio Imperiali. | (Jotruckt zu Franckfort am Mayn, | M.D. LXXXIX. Small Svo, ff. 79 [1]. Pictures of furnaces, flasks, and otlier apparatus. The title is printed in red and black. Colophon : — • Zu Franckfort am Meyn, Bey | Christian Egenolffs Erben. | This is the fourth issue of Kertzenmaclier's book. See Nos. 5, 1539; 9, 1570; 12, 1574; 21, 1613; 26, 1720; and 29. 17. — 159G. A profitable booke | declaring dyuers approoued re- | medies, to take out spotts and staines, | in Silkes, Veluets, Linnen, and | WoUen Clothes. | With diners colours how to die Veluets | and Silkes, Linnen and woollen I'ustian | and Thieade. | Also to dressc Leather, and to colour Felles. | How to (iild, Graue, Sowder, and 24 Philosophical Societi/ of Glasgow. Vernislie. | And to harden and make soft | Yrou and Steele. | Very neoessarie for all men, specially for those | which hath or shall haiie any doings thei-eiu : with | a perfect table hereunto, to find all things I readie, not the like reuealde in Eng- | lishe heretofore. | Taken Ovt Of D\i;che, | and Englished by L. M. | H Imprinted at Loudon by Thomas | Purfoot, dwelling in the news | Kents. 1596. | Small 4to. Title leaf ; pp. 78, numbered ; Table, pp. 6, not numbered, followed by a blank leaf. Printed in black letter, except the title- page and the titles of the diflferent receipts. This edition, wliich is not in the Museum, is a simple reprint, on inferior paper and with less distinct type, of the edition of 1583, contained in that collection, and already quoted, No. 15. The treatise falls into two main parts: the first, pp. 1-58, contains receipts for taking out stains, for dyeing and colouring, and for dressing leather; the second, pp. 55-78, deals with iron and steel, etching on metals, gilding, and soldering. The receipts for removing spots and stains are numerous, but they are mere modifications and variations of a general process, depending on the fabrics, and in a few instances on the kind of stains. Grease spots were removed by ashes, or oil of tartar, or a mixture of lime and ashes. " Walkers claye, called Fullars earth," is mentiimed, and burnt alum mixed with soap. Ink and iron .spots wei-e ti-eated with tlie juice of a lemon, or very sour orange, or craV) apple, or with common salt and juice of an orange, or the ])oiling juice of sorrel. Oily spots in paper were got rid of by putting over tliem a layer of well burnt bone ash and pressing between two liard Imai-ds for eight-and-forty hours. A way to take wax and rosin spots out of clotli was to drop tallow on tliem, and then placing brown paper over tlie spots, to apply a hot iron till tli(! rosin and tallow melted together and were absorliod by the piper. Perfumes fjr clothes are described ; and to keep away moths a j)0\v(ler of dried orange peel and elecampane root was recommended. The receipts for dyeing are similar to those already so often quoted. The substances omployed were woad, Brazil wood, "greiiing woedo," indigo, oak bark, g.dls, verdigris, copperas, iron scales, alum, arsenic, ashes, and a solution of chalk in vinegar mixed with alum, which shows at how early a period acetate of alumina was in use. A considerabh; iminber of shades were (ilitained. All these roceipis are. very cleai' and (jxact. Skins were treated wiili lime and alum, and ('(^loured with cojipcras. Mr. J. Fekgusox on Treatises un Tiu-li auloyical Clieinlstnj. Ii5 madder, Brazil wood, and other suhstaiiccs ; and a incthod of gilding leather is also given. The contents of the second division are metallurgical. Nume- rous methods are described for softening and hardening iron and steel, some of which are to be found in the 1537 edition. No. 3. There are also receipts for soldering iron, varnishing it, prepaiing it for gilding, etching upon it. Most of these also have been already mec with in the L537 edition. This work has been translated from Dutcli and not from German ; but, if it be not a compilation as well as a translation, I am not acquainted with any edition in either language of winch this is an exact transcript. If the two divisions have been taken from different sources, the second would correspond with the first tract in the 1549 edition, No. 6, so far as it goes, for the English version is fuller; but there is nothing in any of the editions to correspond in extent and detail with the first division about cleansing and dyeing.* Tliis confirms me in the belief that the present list does not exhaust all the extant variations of the series. 18. — 1596. A I Booke of Secrets: | Shewing dhiers waies to make and pre- pare all I sorts of Inke and Colours: as Blacke, White, | Blew, Greene, Ked, Yellow, and other Colours. | Also to write witli Gold and Siluer, or any kind of Mettall | out of the Pen : with many other profitable secrets, | as to colour Quils and Parchment of | any colour: and to graue with | strong Water in Steele | and Iron. | Necessarie to be knowne of all Scriueuers, Painters, | and others that delight in such Arts. Translated out of | Dutch into English, by W.P. | Hereunto is annexed a little Treatise, | intitided, Jnstructions for ordering of Wines: | Shewing how to make Wine, That it may continue | good and faint not, Neither become sower, nor loose colour. And I how you may remedie faint Wine, take away the hoari- | uesse, with other instructions for the pre- | seruation of the same. | Written first in Italian, and now newly translated | into English, by W.P. | London, | Printed, by Adam Islip for Edward | White, and are to be sold at his shop | at the little North dure of Poids, | at the signe of the Gun. | 1596. Small 4to. No pagination, but it contains ft'. 19. Black letter. The title of this rare pamphlet is from a copy in the British Museum. The first tract is a translation of the Ettliche Kutiste, No. 8, 1563, but it includes only the sections relative to inks and colours. Some of the methods for making colours, and all about * It may be possibly a translation in full of the Kunstliiirhlein of 1532, No. 2, which I have not seen, or of a Dutch version of it. 20 Philosopliical Society of Glasgoio. cleaning silk and dyeing leather have been omitted. Tlie trans- lator's name was W. Phillip. The second tract has no connection with the other or with the present series. 10. — iGOO. Eeii sclioon Trac- | taet van sommighe werckinghen | der Alcliimistische diiigen, om Gout, Sil- | ver ende oock van alle calcion- eringe der Plaueten, | ende audere Materien, Watere ende Olyen der sel- I ver te niaken. Item noch een Tractaet boecxken, | inhoudende van alderley Verwente maecken, ende | oock hoemen alder leye Verwen wryven en leggen | sal. Ende is seer goet ende profytelijcken voor al- I len Schryvers, Schilders, Conterfej^ters en | andere Stoffierders. Oock alien Lief- | hebbers der Consten. | Noch een schoon Konst-boec, seer | nutlick voor alien Werclieden, als Muut- I meesteren, Goiidtwerckers, vScheyderen, Goudt- | smeden, Schilderen ende alien Werckliedeu, were- | kende in Stael, Yser, Koper, ende alle ander Meta- | len. Item om alderhande plecken wt te doen. Om I alderhande coleuren te verwen. Van vergul- | dinglie ende versilveringhe. Ende van | werckinge der Alchimistissclien | diughen, etc. I Ghecopuleert ende te samen ghebraclit ] door Synion Andriesseu van I Amstelrcdam. | Gliedruckt t'Amstelredani, hy Cornells | Claessz opt Water int Schrijf-hoeck. | Anno IGOO. | Small Svo. First book, If. xxvj ; Second book, ff. xxvj. Contents, ff. [4]. It is printed m black letter. This is a conjoined issue of the two preceding Dutch versions and it is in two Ijooks. Book I. is a rejn'iut of the 1581 edition, No. 11, and it consists accordingly of two tracts. The first begins : " Eerst om Goudt wt Mercurio te maecken," and ends : " Hoemen dat Gout gradiert," and it is a reprint, therefore, of the sixth tract in the edition of 15-19, No. G. The second tract relates to the making and using of colours, of which, as has been already shown, the first aj)pearance was in the 1581 edition. The second book has a separate title-page as follows : — Const-Hoeck: | Niuulijck wtden | Alcliimistisuliengront vergadert. | Tractcrende van alle grontlijcken | ghebruyckinghe der Consten. | Nutlijck voor alien Werckliedeu, als | Muntmeesteren, Goudtwerckers, Scheyderen, | Goudtsmeilen, Schildero ende alien Wercklieden, | wcrckcnde in Stael, Yser, Koper ende alle ander | Metalen. Item cm alderhande plecken wt te doen. | Om alderiiande colueren te verwen. Van ver- | guldiiige ende versilveringhe. Kudu [ van weickinglie der Alche- I niLstissclien dingon, etc. | (ihecoUigecrt ende eeiisdeels glietranslatocrt, door | Symonem Andrce van Anisterchim. | Nicmandt en liaet die Koiist, dan | die onwc^tciKk:. | (ihedi'uckt, Anno KHK). I Mr. J. Ferguson on, Treatises on Technological CJiemislrij. 27 This title is a reprint witli two or three additions of that of 1549, No. 6, and this second book contains the first five tracts of that edition, the sixth tract having lieen put in the preceding book. It is a somewhat curious arrangement, and looks as if the compiler had had both the 1549 and 1581 editions before him, but instead of reprinting the 1549 copy as it stood, and making a seventh tract of the section of I'eceipts about colours from the edition of 1581, printed off first the 1581 copy, and then added the remaining tracts from the earlier edition. The result of course is the same although the arrangement is inverted. This is the last edition in Dutch, so far as I know; if there were any later no mention of them and no examples have come under my notice. 20. — 1G05. A I Profitable | Bookc, declaring diuers approo- | iied Remedies, to take out spots | and staines in .Silkes, Veluets, Linnen | and Woollen Clothes : ] With diuers Colours how to die | Veluets and Silkes, Linnen and Woollen, | Fustian and Thread : | Also to dresse Leather, and to colour | Felles. How to guild, graue, sowder, and ver- | nish. And to harden and make soft | Yron and Steele. | Verie necessarie for all men, specially for those | which haue or shall haue any doing therein : with | a perfect Table hereunto, to finde all thiuges rea- | die, not the like reuealed in Eng- | lish heretofore. | Taken out of Dutch, and Englished by L.^I. | Imprinted at London by Thomas | Purfoot, dwelling within the new I Rents, in S. Nicholas Shambles. 1G05. ] Small 4to. Title leaf, and pp. 78. Table, pp. [6J. Black letter. The collation is from the copy in the British Museum, C. 31, c. 20. This is another page for page reprint of No. 15, 1583, but it is as inferior to the 1596 edition as that is to the edition of 1583. The paper is very poor, the printing wretched. Deterioration, however, in the quality of successive reprints of a book seems, from the numerous instances which have come under my notice, to be the rule. 2L — 1613. Alchimia, | Dasist, | AUe Farben, | Wasser, Olea, | Salia, vud Alvniina, damit man | alle Corpora, Spiritvs vnd | Calces Pmeparirt, Sublimirt vnd Fi- | xirt, zubereytcn. Vnd wie man diese ding | nutzo, aufl" dass Sol vnd Lv- | na werden miige. | Audi von Solviren vnd Scheidung | aller Metall, Polierung allerhand Edelgestein, fur- | trcttlichen Wassern zum Etzcn, Scheiden vnd Sol- | viren : Vnd zuletzt wie die gifftigc Diimptl' zu- \ verliuteu, ein kurtzer Bericht, &c. I Cum Gratia & Priuilegio Imp. | Franckfurt am ^biyn, in verlegung Viii- | centii Steinmeyer.s, Jm Jahr I iMDCXIII. 28. Philosophical Society of Glasgoii: SmallSvo, pp. 130; Index[3]; Coloijhou [1]; '2blank. Tlietitlc is printed in red and black, and pp. 7-15 are taken up with pictures of furnaces of various kinds. The colophon runs thus : Gedruckt zu Darmbstatt, bey Bal- | thasar Hofmann, in verlegung Vin- | centii Steinmeyers: j Jm Jahr MDCXIII. | The device is an altar with fire upon it. This is anotlici- reprint of Kertzenmacher"s book, No. D, 1570. See also No. 26, 1720. 22. — 161G. Kunstbtichlein | auilmaucherley weissDin- | ten vndaller handt Farben zu berey- | ten. Audi Goldt vnd Silber, sampt alien | jMetallen auss. der Federn zu schreiben, mit viel an- | derii nutzlichen Klinstlein Schreibfederu vnd Per- | gameiit, niit allerley Farben zu farben. Audi I wie man Schrifft vnd Gemiilde auff | Stiiglene, Eisene Watfen, | vnd dcrgleichcu | Etzcn soil. | Etliche zugesetzte Kunst- stiickleiu, vor- | mals iiidruck nic aussgangeii. | Allen iSchreiberii, Brieffmaleren, | Sampt andern solcher Kiinsten Lieb- \ haberu, gantz liistig vnd frucht- | bar zu wissen. | Gedruckt zu CiJllen, Bey Peter von | Brachcl, vuder der Gulden Wageu I Jm Jahr 1G16. IGmo, or very small Svo. Pp. 43. Iiihalt, pp. [3], Title red and black. Pagination very irregular. Colophon : — (Jedruckt CiJllcn bey Peter von | \ on (sic) Brachcl vnder der Gulden | Wagen. Jm Jahr 1G16. | There is a copy of this in the British Museum [1037, a. 10 (3)]. It is a reprint of the Ettliche Kiinste, No. 8, 1563, and is therefore composed of excerpts from the 1537 edition. Like the earlier issue of 1563, it contains the section on leatlier dyeing, but that upon removing spots and stains from siik, ttc, is not inchidcd. 23. — 1037. Lcs Secrets Dv Seigncvr Alexis Picmontois. Keueu, et aug- mente d'vnc infinite de rares Secrets. A Roven, chez lean Berthelin, dans la Cour du Palais. . M.DC.XXXVII. Small Svo, pp. iSIT^ ; Talkie, 70. Tliis is a reprint of Landrcs edition of 1573, No. 10, and accordingly it includes (p]). 56-1-631) the .French translation of Andriessen's Knnstbocck, divided, as in the previous issues, into six tracts. It is a shabbily got-up book, badly printed on poor paper, and apparently uK-ant for circidation as a chap-book. 21.— l(i,S7. KunHt-IJudiicin, | Odor \ (iriindlidicr Gebrauch von | Etz- .\rl)eit, ill iiml aiissurhalb | Keuers aus Aldiymischcn | und natiir- lidieii(;nmde, |Ncliinlidi, | llartcii, Wcicheii, Sdinieltzcn, | Scheideii, .Abtroibcii, I'robieren, | Liitcii, Etzcn, Abformcn, | Abgiessen, &c. | Wie audi | Jcdc l'\iibcn zubcrcitcn, crhal- | ten, bcssern und wiedcr -Mr. -J. Fkugtsox o// Treati$i't< VII Tic]ini>ln(i'ifv rRINTHU FOR THE ROVAL PIIILOSOrillCAl- SOCIKTV OF GLASGOW BY CARTER & PRATT, LTD., 51-6r> CANAl. STKFKT. S..S 1910. VOic nmnn aWc farbcfJt / wAp frr/ olea / falia vnb damim I txmit maniialk (o:pot«}/fptnri!drn6cal CC6 prrparirt/ fudlimiir rri&fjxirt/ fitflc^en fol « Una toic m»;n 5ifc J>in0 MtjRC/ miff 6tio Sol vnb ilimawcr* ben rti(50 • 2lu<^ voii! foluiKH viin6 fc^KJibun^ alUr metal/ Polmin^al Xtt^xnht _ fojiiimt/ »nb jlAjl t»icbu £*i(f^t0e ^ J>Anip|f5uccrl)UtcciMfuri3£ib0rif '^ ^ym^mcrlunbcr 311 Stra^biirjj . dE^^^ ^^^ From ilie Proceediit^i^'s oi \.\\v Rnyal I'hilnsnpliiiMl Society of Glasfjow.] Some Early Treatises on Tecliiioh\\:;ical CJiemistry. Supplement II. By John Ferguson, M.A., LL.I)., Rei^Mus Professor of Chemistry in the University of Glasgow. [Read before the Society, 15th Deccmher. 1909.] 1. It was at a meeting of this Society on January 6, 1886, that I read a paper oil the above topic,^ and to it added a Supplement on May 2, 1894,- the two together containing an account of forty- nine books and editions in various languages : Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Italian, on the preparation and use of some chemical substances for practical purposes. The present Supplement is in two parts and deals, first : with an undescribed edition in German, and, secondly : with two or three editions that have to be added to the list of those in English. 2. These books of chemical receipts fall into half-a-dozen or so well marked groups or types, but comparison of their contents shows that they are all more or less closely connected with one another. 3. The earliest formofthe collection of receipts appeared in 1531. without the printer's name, and is entitled : — Rechler Gebrauch d"Alcliinu'i, mil \il hissher verl)orgenen, nutzl)aien vnnd lustigen Kiinsteii, . . .■' In 1539, another collection was printed by Cammcrlander. witii this title : — Alchimia, wie man alle faibcn, wasser. olea, salia vnd aliimina. . . . machen sol.^ which, however, has as its sub-title, the title of 1531, and purports ' Proic'cditti^^s of the Philospphical Socirly of Glasi^oii\ iSSS. .\IX.. pp 126-159. '^ Ibid, 1S94, XXV., pp. 224-235. '^ Ibid, 1 888, XIX., p. 126. ^ Ibid, p. 137. 4 Royal rhilosnphicaJ Society of Glasgow. to have been compiled by a certain Petrus Kertzenmacher. This book, as well as that of 1531, ran through several editions, which were enumerated in the 1886 paper referred to above. There the 1 531 book was described from an actual copy, but the notice of the 1539 edition of the Alchiinia, was not taken from the book itself, but was copied from the description in a second-hand book catalogue of C. H. Beck's at Nordlingen, and on the strength of that I inserted it as probably the hrst edition of Kertzenmacher's work. 4. Since the reading of the first paper four and twenty years ago, I had neither heard nor seen anything of this book, until the summer of the present year, when, happening to visit once more the great Germanic Museum at Niirnberg, I spent some time in the department devoted to Chemistry and Pharmacy. There, while looking at the display of manuscripts, books, prints, portraits and pictures relating to these subjects, I observed a small pam- phlet with the title : — Alchimia, wie man alle farhen, wasser, olea, salia vnd alumina, machen sol. 5. This title was quite familiar to me, though the title-page was not, and, as it had all the look of having been printed in the first half of the sixteenth century, it seemed possible that here at last was a copy of Cammerlander's edition of 1539, or, if not, that it might be a copy of an unknown and undescribed edition, which would be equally interesting and valuable. My curiosity having been aroused, I applied to the Director of the Museum, Or Von Petzholdt, for permission to examine the .book. This was im- mediately and most courteously granted, and in the Library of the Museum I was able to make a minute inspection of the volume at my leisure. Not only so, but further permission was given mc to have the title-page photographed, which was undertaken for me by Mr Christoph Miiller, who does the Museum work, and by that means I am enabled to illustrate this [)aper with a facsimile of the title-page and its curious border. As I had surmised, the volume proved to be a copy of the 1539 edition of Kertzenmacher's tract, which, so far as 1 know, is the first of that particular tyi:)e. 6. An account of the book and a list of its contents will now be given, so as to fill up Beck's description as quoted in my original paper. The title may be transcribed as follows : — Sonw Early Treatises on Technological Chemistry. 5 Alchimia. Wie mann alle farljeri was- ser, olea, salia, vnd alumina, damit mann a'le corpora, spiritus vnd cal CCS preparirt, subliniirt vnd fixirt, machen sol. Vnd wie man disc ding nutze, auff das Sol vnd Luna wer- den mog. Auch vom soluiren vnnd schaidung aller metal, Polirung a) ler handt edel gestain, Fiirtreflicli- en wassern zum etzen, schaiden vnd soluiren, vnd zletst wie die gifi'tige dampff zu veihUtc ein kurtzer bgrif. Bvm Camerlander zu Straszburg. Small 4". 4 leaves not numbered, the signature, probably A, if there was one, has been torn off; B to M in fours ; or ff. [4 not numbered], B to Mj numbered [i] to xlj, [3 leaves not numbered] ; so in all there are 48 leaves. There are 30 lines to the page, and the book is printed in bold black letter. In this copy the numbering of K is in arabic numerals 33-36 ; all the rest are in roman, but in tliis copy Kiiij and Lj (that is ff. 36 and xxxvij) are awanting. On the verso of Mj (f. xlj) is the colophon : Gedruckt zu Stras'-Viurg bei IVI. Jacob Caunnerian- / dern von Mentz Anno M.D. XXXjX. / In lliis copy sheet H seems to be printed on different — apparently thinner^ jxiper, and the edges are uncut while the others are cut. Collation. (.•\j) The title. (Aij 7-ecto) I'etrus kartzenniachcr / clwan Innger zu Mentz, ein berhtinUer Al / chemist, wlinscht dem Leser alles guts. / ends verso, followed by a woodcut of a " circulatorium," and a jar. (.•\iij ;•. ) Woodcuts: Calcinir offen, Violglass and Circulirglass. 7'. Woodcuts : Alembicus rostratus, Circulatorium, Referber offcn, Cucurbita, Pellican. (.\iiij /•. ) Woodcut of a furnace, a still with alembic and receiver ; praclically the Offen, Cucurbita, Alembicus and N'iolglass combined. Woodcut : Balneum Maii;c. 1; j /•. (f. j) the Text begins : Rechter gebrauch der Al / cliimei, mil vil bissher verborgnen, nutrbaren und lusti / gen kunsten, nit allein den fiirwitzigen .\lchimisten, sunder / alien kunstbaren wercklewien, auch sunst aller menigklichen / in vil weg zugebrauchen. l-'ii) /. (f. xix ;-. ) \'orred in dz ander buch. On Kiiij or Lj begins the " Bericht " 01 Gilberlus Cardinalis, but llie be- ginning is unfortunately wanting. It ends on — -Mj verso (f. xlj v.) followed by the colophon and a wocdcul, ahead)' given. 6 Royal PhilosopJiical Society of Glasgoiv. There is probably a woodcut at the beginning of this tract. Mij r. Register disz buchs, ends vey-so. Miij ;-. Woodcut : Figur dess faulen Heintzens. V. ^Voodcut : Schaid offen. Miiij ;-. Woodcut : Balneum ]\Iariix', quite different from tiiat on Aiiij v. The distilling apparatus is within a case above a boiler on a furnace, so that it is really heated by steam. Outside is the receiver. Miiij V. Cammerlander"s device : a winged draped female figure, with a band over her eyes, standing on a ball over a landscape, and carrying a shield in her right hand. Besides the woodcuts already mentioned some of them are repeated in the text : f. X ;-. Viol glass, f. xiij r. Alembicus rostratus. f. xviij V. A man working at a furnace, assaying (?), and llie interior of a mine, f. xxj V. \'iol glab.> again, f. XXV ;-. Viol glass again. f. 36 or xxxvij may contain a woodcut at the beginning of Cardinalis' tract, f. xlj V. Cucurbita and pellican. All these are repititions, except those on f. xviij v. They are identical with those in the folio editions of Ulstadius and Geber, published about this time. The border round the title-page is a reproduction of the same pieces ol apparatus. 7. As the index in this edition differs in detail from those in later editions which I have seen, it may be reproduced here for the convenience of those who may wish to compare any of those editions with it. Register disz buciis Mij recto. Alle ertz fliissig machen xxxvij. Alranient machen iiij. Alun calcinirn v. Aquam causticani UKu.lien vij. Aejuam Mercurij maclien viij. Aquilla wasser machen ix. Alle metal schaiden xxvvj. Alle spiritus fixirn xiij. Alle spiritus nider in jr erste materi zulningen xvij. Borax vj. Blcych golt ferben xxxvj. Calccm Lune |)rcparirn ad Calcem .Solis xiiij. e , Calcinir often zumaciien iij. Cinobcr j ij. Crocuni Marlis zemaciien x. Ducaten golt vnd poslulalz gulden zemachen xxxvj. Eyerschalen calcinirn iiij. I'.lixir xxxiij. ICyn starck wasser das cisen scluucll/.l xsxviij. Soiiic Early Treatises tut Tcc/i/iolos^ica/ Chemistry. 7 Goklt VDii kupffer schaideii xxxiiij. Golt von vergultem kupffer schaiden xxxvj. Jouem calcinirn xvj. Ivoleni verborgne kunst voni goklt nmclieu xxxiij. I.ac virginis wasscr x.cmarhcn i\. I-asur j. i). I.unain niaclicu xvij. \\\\\. Marl'jiu calcinirn wij. Mcrcuriuni confrelirn \ii(l hcilcn "J- Mcrcurium subliniirn • xj. Oleum tarari {sic) x. ( )lcuni heiulicluni ^sic) x. ( )kum sul|)huris x. I'elruleum x. Mij x-crso. I 'Iciw ciss iiij. Tolirung aller handt edel gestain xxxvij. Sal comnuine v. Salarnioniac v. Sal alkali vj. Salpeter vij. Saturnum calcinirn xvj. Spangriin ij jij. Semperardes wasser x. Solem calcinirn xvj. .Sulphur purgiren und suMiniircn xj. Solcni niachen xxij. Seyffen goldt xxxiiij. Sol von luna schaiden xxx\. .Silijer soluiren xxxv. Silber von schweffel bringen xxxvj. Thutiam calciniren iiij. \ enereni calcineren xiiij. Under welchc planetc gut odcr l)os.s in fewr werckt- xxxvij. Wasser dz alle metal durchschineltzt in einer stud xxxviij. Wasser .sal alkali ix. Weinstein calcinirn iiij. e Wie man man {sic) alle metal haniniern sol. xvij. Wie niaiin ein drittagig fewr machen sol. xx. e e Wie man sich hiiten sol vor den gifftigen bosen dampffen / der metal xxxviij. e • Ausslegung etlicher latinischen worter. Sol goldt. Luna silber. .Mercurius <^|uecksilber. Mars eisen. Jupiter zin. !~aturnus blei. Venus Kupffer. Allunien allun. Sulphur schwefiel. Aqua Wasser. Jgnis fewr. Acetum essig. Antimonium spiess glass. Calx puluer. Calciniren zu puluer machen. Coagulirn schmeidig machen. Corpus ein jedes metal oder maleri. Soluirn, zertreiben, zerscheyden. I'reparirn bereyten. I'urgiren reinigen. Reducirn wi der biingen. This list of words is contained in most of the edition^. 8. To complete the view of the contents of tlie treatise and to facilitate comparison of this very rare first edition with tiiose which came after, a list of the chapters under whicli the subject is com- prised may be given. J'iova/ Philosophical Society of Glasgozv. BOOK I. Fol. j r. Cap. ]. Wie man C3"nober macheii sol. ij. Wie man Lasur machen sol. 7: iij. Lasur zumachen. ij r. iiij. Eyn ander kunst Lasur zumachen. 7'. V. Kyn ander kunst Lasur zu maclien. vj. Cynober zu machen. \ ij. Spangrlin zu machen. iij r. viij. Eyn ander ler von Spangriln. i.\. Eyn ander ler von Spangrtin. V. X. Wie mann pleiweiss mache. e xj. \'on den often, xij. ^ On dem calcinier offen. iiij ;•. xiij. Norn often sublimationis. xiiij. \Vie man weinstein calcinieren soil. V. XV. V'om besten atrament. xvj. Wie man eyerschaln calcinieren soil. xvij. Wie man Thutian soil calciniren. xviij. Wie man j\.lun calcinieren soil. V r. xjx. Wie mann sal commune sol machen. 20. \'om sal armoniaco. vj ;-. xxj. Wie mann sal alkali sol machen. xxij. Wie mann sal borax machen sol. V. xxiij. Eyn ander kunst Korax zumachen. xxiiij. Vom goldtschmidt Borax, vij ;■. 25. Wie mann Salpeter sol machen. 26. \'on den wassern. 7'. xxvij. Wie mann aquam causticam sol machen. viij ;•. xxviij. Wie mann Mercurium congelieren vnd herten sol. T. 29. Wie mann aqua Mercuij sol machen. ix ;•. XXX. Von wasser Aquila. xxxj. Wie man das wasser lac virginis sol machen. T. 32. \'oni wasser salis alkali. 3 j. \'om wasser crocus Marlis. 34. Ein apder ler von croco Martis. X r. 35. \'om wasser semper ardens. f. 36. Wie mann oleum Tartari machen sol. 37. Wie mann Petroleum mochen (si,) stil. xj ;■. 3'^ (*/' 1^1 »■ 3S). \"om oleo benidicto. 39. Wie mann oleum sulphuris .sol maciicii. Wie mann sulphur puvgicren sol. Sulphur zu sublimieren. Wie mann Mercurium sublimieren sol. Wie mann alio sjiiritus fixiren sol. I Die sieben I'laneten calcinieren, is.c.'] Wie mann .Solem calcinieren soil. 7'. 40. 41. xij r. 42. xiij r. \ 1 1 i i . V. 44. iiij ;•. 45- Some Early Treatises on Technological Chemistry. 9 46. Wie mann Lunam calcinieren sull. 47. l'2yn ander calcinatio Solis. 4S. l"'yn ander calcinatio Solis. l'"nl. 7'. 40. Wie man calceni Lune sol preparitien ad calccm Solis. 50. Wie mann Venerem soil calcinieren. XV ;•. 51. I'in ander kunst Venerem zu calciniren. 52. Kyn ander calcinatio Cupri. 7'. 55. ICyn ander calcinatio \'eneris. xvj ;•. 54. I'^yn ander calcinatio Veneris. 55. W^ie mann Saturnum calcinieren sol. 71. 56. l\yn ander calcinatio Jouis vnd Saturni. xvij ;•. 57. 1', in ander calcinatio Jouis. 58. Wie mann Martem calcinieren sol. V. 59. Kyn ander calcinatio Martis. 60. Wie mann alle spiritus wider in jr erste materi bringt. wiij y. 61. Wie mann alle mctalla hammcrn kan. BOOK II. Fol. xix ;•. Cap. j. Wie mann Lunam machen sol. e XX 7'. ij. Wie man eyn drittagig feur machen sol. xxj r. iij. Ein ander operatic ad Lunam. xxij 7'. iii). Solem zumachen. xxiij ;•. V. Eyn bewerte operatio ad Lunam. xxiiij ;-. vj. Eyn ander operatio ad Lunam. vij. Eyn ander operatio ad Lunam. V. viij. De Sole bono. XXV -'. ix. Eyn ander operatio ad solem. x. Eyn ander operatio ad Solem. XX vj r. xj. Ad augmentationem Solis. 7'. xij. Eyn ander operatio ad Solem. xiij. Ad .Solem. xxvij ;•. xiiij. Eyn gut operatio ad Lunam. XXX 7'. XV. Operatio ad Solem und Lunam. xxxj r. xvj. [No title, but apparently the same continued.] xxxij V. xvij. Wie mann Solem machen sol. Tf'i, r. 18. Von atrimenti {sic). 19. Eyn wasser aqua lilij. t'. XX. [Archilaus. Solem machen. Primuni — quartum Elixir.] 34 V. 21. Kolenus, vom goldt machen. 22. Eyn ander operatio ad solem bonuin. 35 r. Cap. xxiij. Seyfl'en goldt machen. V. 24. Wie mann golt von kupfler schaiden sol. [Two leaves are wanting here. In the 1589 edition they contain the following sections : 10 Royal Philosflphical Society oj Glasgow. Cap. XXV. Wie man Solem von Luna scheiden soil. Gilbert! Cardinalis kunst alle Metall zu soluieren, with a woodcut of a man distilling. Silber zu soluiern. Silber von Schwefel zubringen. Ducaten golt von Pcstulatz gulden zumachen. Goldt vom vergullen scheyden. ] Fol. xxxviij r. Alle metal zu schaiden. Bleych goldt ferben. Alle Ertz fliissig machen. e Die Planeten darunder gut oder boss in fewr wercken. Win polirung allerhandt edel gesleyn. Kyn starck wasser das eisen schmeltzt. Kyn bewert wasser das alle metal durrh schmeltzt in einer stund. e Eyn wunderbar starck wasser viler kraft't. e e e \"on den gifftigen bosen dampffen vnd rauchen der Metal, wie man sich dabei halten, vnd dero gifift vertreiben sol. ein kurtzer bericht an gmeine goldt schmit. \"on dem dampft" des Quecksilbers, IJieis, vnd andern metal damit die Goldt schmit gewonlich vmb gan. e Wie man den schaden diser dampft" sol mindern vnd wenden. 9. The second part of this Supplement contains additions to the list of English editions described in the original paper. The English version may have been made from a Dutch or German original, but possil)ly it is a collection from several sources, as formerly explained. I o. Ik'sides the editions there described I have found mention made of other three, though it has not been my good fortune to sec any of them. The references, however, help to construct what, I should presume, is a complete list so far as it goes, unless there be an edition between 1588 and 1596, which is not impossible. They may be taken chronologically : Sonic riarly Trcatisa on Tccli/tol()s:;iial Cliciiiistry. \ \ 1583. 'I'his iias been already (iescribed.' 1588. 1596. Already described. - 1 600. 1605. Already described/' 1606. The undcscril)ed editions may now be considered briefly. 11. 1588. The title here given is copied from Andrew ^[aunsell, and is obviously contracted.'* Remedies to lake out Spottcs and Staines, in Silkes, Veluels, Linnen <.\: WoUen clothes. Also how to Die .Silks, Linnen, and Wollen, etc. Also to dresse Leather, dt to colour Fells, Howe to Gylde, Graue, Sowder, and \'^ernishe, and to harden and make soft Iron & Steele, tianslated hy L. M. Prin. by Tho. I'urfoote. 158S. 4". This edition is quoted by W. Carew Hazlitt'' without detail, as follows, but he does not say where a copy is to be seen. A profitable booke declaring dyuers approoueil remedies to take out spottcs and staines, in silkes, volucts, .Xic. Translated out f)f Dutche. l.ond. 15SS. 4to. 12. 1600. In the same place Hazlitt t[UOles an edition of this date : London Printed by lolin Wolfe, and are to be sold 1)_\' lulward White, &c. i6oo. 4t<). With woodcuts. If it contain woodcuts it differs from all the editions which I have seen. 13. 1606. I'or this edition Hazlitt refers tt) the Harleian Cata- logue, but supplies no particulars, and I have seen no other notice of it. As there was an edition of 1605, already described by me, it is not likelv th.at a new one was called for in 1606. It seems more [jrobable that the reverse was the case ; that the sale of the book had slackened and that a new dated title-page was inserted to give it a recent look. That however is a mere conjecture. ^ Protctdhi^s of ihc Philosophiial Society of Glasgo%v, 1888, XL\. p. 148, Xo. 15. - Ibid, p. 148, No. 17. * Ibid, p. 152, Xo. 20. ■* Maunsell, Catalo;^iic oj English priiilcd Book'cs, London, 1595, Part II.. 1>- 23. '"Handbook lo tin- Popular . . . . I.ittraturc 0/ Ciral Britain, 1S67, p. .382. 12 Royal Philosophical Society of Glasgo7V. 14. The possibility of the existence of an edition between 1588 and 1596 is based on the interval of four or five years between the other editions, which makes the gap of eight years anomalous. If this were a solitary instance there would be no reason to take notice of it, but there are so many examples of editions of these receipt books being published every four or five years, that, as I have pointed out elsewhere, one may almost calculate on the recurrence of new editions at that interval. So there may have been an edition of this tract about 1592 or 1593. 15. According to most authorities, the translator's initials L. M. stand for Leonard Mascall, whose name I did not know in 1888. There is some diversity of opinion about him, owing to the dates assigned to his works making it difficult to believe that they can be the composition of one person. Leonard Mascall is mentioned as early as 1 5 1 4 ; Leonard Mascall was clerk of the kitchen to Matthew Parker, Archbishop of Canterbury in 1573, and his death is placed in 1589. On the other hand a book under his name was published in 1596, and Leonard Mascall is called farrier to King Jame?, which would bring him down to 1604. Pending the solution of the problem of one, or of two, or more Mascalls, it may be stated that a person of the name had the reputation of being skilful in the breeding and treatment of horses, dogs, cattle, sheep, goats, and hogs, skilful too in arboriculture, agriculture, country sports, raising of poultry, fishing, grafting, and practice of medicine, and he published books on these topics. Having given elsewhere some account of Mascall and his books, it is unneccssarv to say more about him here.' ^ Transact ions of the (:ias,i;ow Anh:cobi:;ical Society, \ Ol. \. p. 135, and Addenda. (Reprint, 190S, .Siipplemcnl V. §g 17-21, and AiUUnda.) SOME EARLY TREATISES ON TECHNOLOGICAL CHEMISTIiY SUPPLEMENT III. liV JOHN FERGUSON, LL.D., REGflS PROFKSSOR OI" CHEMISTRY I.V TlIK INIVERSITY OF tll.ASCOW. G L A S G O \y : PRINTED FOR TlIK ROVAL I'l 1 1 [.OSOrillCAL SOCIKTV OK GLASCOW. BV CARTER & PRATT, LTD., r.l-C.'. f.WAI. STRKl-T. S.S. 191:?. soil-: EARLY TREATISES ON TECHNOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY SUPPLEMENT III. BY JOHN FERGUSON, LL.D., KEGUIS PROFESSOR OF CHEMISTRY I.N THE UNMVERSITY OF GLASGOW. G L A S G O \\- : PRINTED FOR THE ROVAL I'll II.OSOI'IIICAL SOCIETY OF GLASGOW. 1?V CARTER & PRATT. LTD.. r.l-O:, C.VNAL STKKLT. S.S. 1912. Wlicbe Kuiifte niancberlev xvcyfc iDinten vnt) allcr^nb 5<^tbcn jube^ rcytm/'2(iid:)(5olbt\>nO Silbcr fampt cX^ len rtOctallcii/aug bet fe^et^u fd)i:cvben/ (iOitvi! anient iiaQlid)cnlKijn(lld»/ Qd)reibfe^em vnt> Pcr^amen/allcrlcy farben jii ferbcn, Slucb wie matt fd)riffc vrl ^ettielbc^iuff ^K\^^\xiU cyfcnc waffcn/vn be^^leycben/c^en fol 3(llcii©d)reybem/!^rtcffm(;lcm/fartipt M<^m fold)cr 'kiin jlen liebl^abcrn / ^oxit^ liijli^ vnb frucbcbarlid) $u ti'ilfm* CvDeii tnbalt allct "Riinffe bifed ^ud)!fti0 /pnbct mow in nad)uol^cn^cr fcj^tcn byfce blabd/na^ o;bnim^ cina ^c^iJTere/vcricicbDCt. (BebrucFt %\x niirmbcr^ burA ©mwil piittcfd (m (©,1D,w:ri. jar* TI II r.-l',\(;K, IKACT 1. [From the Procctcli/t^^s of the Royal riiilosophical Socieiy of Glasgow.] Soi/ie Early Treatises on Technolo^^ical Chemistry. Sui)plemenl III. By John Ferguson, LL.D., Regius Professor of Chemistry in the University of Glasgow. Read holore the Society, Wednesday, 29th Novenibt-r, 191 1. 1. Since tlie last Supplement was submitted to the Society two se.ssions ago, some more of these treatises have come to light. They happen to be valuable by their su{)plying dates, as well as the first form of material which was utilized to a greater or less extent in subsequent publications. One of them I accjuired four or five years ago, and it might have been included in the last Supplement. As it happens, how- ever, it goes better with the other two tracts to be described, than with that of Kertzenmacher, which deals with a different branch of the subject. 2. The recent acquisitions may now be discussed in the order of their dates. FIRST TRACT. The first tract is concerned with the preparation of inks and colours, and for its identification I have added a facsimile of the title-page, as well as a transcript of it. So far as I have ascertained there is no copy in the British Museum. Artliche kunste mancherley weyse Dinten vnd aller hand Farben zube- reyten, Auch Goldt vnd Silbcr .sampt al- ien Metallen, ausz der Feder zu schreyben, e Mit vil andern niitzlichen Kunstlein, Schreibfedern vnd Pergamen, allerley Farben zu ferben. Auch wie man schrifft vn gemelde auff staheline, eysene waffen, vn deszgleychen, etzen sol Allen Schreybern, Brieffmalern, sampt andern solcher Kiinsten liebhabern, gantz liistig 4 Roval J'hilosopliicai Societv of Glasg(nv. vnd fruchtbarlich zu wissen. ^ Den inhalt aller Kiinste dises Buchlins, findet man in nachuolgender seyten dyses blads, nach ordnung eins Registers, verzeichnet. Gedruckt zu Niirenberg durch Simon Dunckel im j\I. D. xxxj. Jar. Small 4". A, H, C in fours, of which Ciiij is blank, or pp. xxij. [2 blank]. 30 lines to the page. Two sizes of black letter. Ornamental capitals. No colophon. For comparison and reference a transcription of the contents follows. ^ Innhalt dises Buchlins. Am iij. iiij. v. vj. wirt hcschriben mancherley weys dinten zu machen. Am vij. Dinten in der noth. Das die dinten nit verdrticknet oder eindorret. Das das papier von den motten vnd meiisen nit gefressen werd. Am viij. On dinten zu schreyben, das mans nit lese, man ziehs. daii duch ein wasser. Kin schwartzen brieff mit weysser schrifft. Schrifft auff pergamcn ausz zuleschen. Am i\. X'on rolhcr farb, vh wie man prcsilgen setit. Am X. Purpur farb, Rosin farb. Fewer farb. Braiin farb. e e Am xj. Von galben farben. Auripigmentimi, vnnd von grunen farben. Am xij. \'on grunen farben, vnd safftgrun vber jar zu behalten. .All) \iij. Grtuispan zu temperiern. Cjriechisch grun zu machen, vnd von hiawen farben. Am xiiij. Fasur zu machen. o Am XV. \'on weyssen farben. Krcyden atisz der feddern zu schreyben. \'on golt ferben, vnd aurum musicmn zu machen. Am xvj. Argentum musicum. l'".in schone gokltfarb goldl ausz der federn zu schreyben. e xvij. Alle metal zu schreyben, vn cin schone goltfarb. Am xviij. f ioldt auff |)apier vnd glasz zu legcn. Am xix. \\. \\\v. man etzen sol in stahel, schrifft vnd gemeldt. .\ni wj. wij. I'cdern vnd pcrgamen mancherley farben zu ferben. S(>//ic Jiarly 'J^/rti/ists on Te':/iii<>l(>\:^ical Cluniiislrv. 5 3. As this tabic is a mere summary, I have thought it desirable to enumerate the titles of the individual recei|)ts. i )inten zu machen behend vnnd kiinslh'eh, auff mancherley art vnnd weyse, den Schreybern fast niit/hch /ewissen. |). iij. 1 )inten aiiff Papier. Dinten zum Pergamen. p. iiij. l*"-in andere Dinten \\\x\ andere auff die weyse, vnd leichter. p. v. Vaw andere. Vaw andere. I'^in andere.' p. vj. Eyn andere. P.yn andere Dinten. Jicliend in der noth dinten zu niaehen. I'^in andere in der noth mit geringern kosten. j). \ ij. J )inten zu behalten, das sie nit verdrucknet, auch das sie nit schymlet, vnd die Motten vnnd Meiiss das Papier nicht fressen. On dinten zu schreyben, das man nit lesen kan, man zyhe es dann durch eyn wasser Ein schwartzen brieff mit weysser schifft zu machen. j). viij. Schrifft auff pergamen aus zu leschen. Ein anders. Von Rothen Farben, vnd zum ersten von der IVesilgen. p. ix. Auff ein ander weyse Presilgen zu sieden. Rothe Farb. P- x. Pur[)ur Farb. Ivosin Farb. Eyn ander Rosyn farb. F'ewer Farb. P.raiin Farb. P- >j- A'on Gelen Farben. o Ein ander guth Gelb. lun ander Gelb. Auripigmentum. e Grune Farben. P- >^'j- Safftgrun vbers jar zubehalten. Iliibsch (]run. Blawe Farb. P- ^''j- 6 Royal Philosophical Society of Glasgow. Lasur zu machen. p. xiiij. Lasur zu temperirn. e o Zu schonen blumen. p. xv. Von Weyssen Farben. Kreyden ausz der Feder zu schreyben auff schwartze e tafelin. Kalck von oyer schalen wirt also gemacht. o Eyn guthe Weysse Farb. Von Goldt Farben. Aurum Musicum. Also sol man es temperieren. p. xvj. Argentum Musicum. Goldtfarb zu schreyben. p. xvij. Goldt ausz der feder zu schreyben. Von alien Metallen zu schreyben o Kin gute Goldtfarb. p. xviij. o Cioldt auff zu legen. Goldt auff glas aufifzulegen. Wie man in Stahel vnd Eysen, schrifft vnd geiiialde etzen sol. Ein andere art, mit wassern zu etzen. Eyn anders vnd scherpffer. Federn vnd Pergamen, mancherlcy Farben zuferbcn. e Federn grun zuferben. Rothe Federn. Gelc Federn. Schwartze Federn. Mancherlcy I'urbcn Pergamen zu ferben. 4. Where these receipts came from and by whom they were gathered and put in this tract, I do not know. 'rherc is no sign of a previous edition in German or otlier language, so that it may be concluded that this is the first i)ubHcation of the collec- tion. The receipts were reprinted several limes and some of them survived till well on in the eiglit(;enth century, as I shall try to show in a future coniiiiuiiication. 5. Ill my oiJLjinul jiaper, under No. 27, there was ciuoted an edition of lliesu rec(;ipts on inks and colours in the llritisli Museum p- XIX. p XX. p- xxj. p- xxij. Some Early Treatises on Tec/mo/oi^ical Cliemislrv. 7 [1036. a. 10. (4.)], which was put down as an earlier edition of the Etiliche Kiinsfe, 1563, or of the 16 16 Kiinsthiichlein. Since acquiring this 1531 edition, I have compared it with tliat in the Museum, and as the account given in 1886 is meagre, I may extend what was then said about it. The Museum copy [new press mark, 1036. a. 48] unf(;rtunately wants the title-leaf, so that one can only surmise that, as the book resembles the 1531 edition in other respects, the title will be the same also. The heading of the book is as follows : it is the same as that of '531- o Dinten zu mach- | en behend Vnnd Kiinstlich | au ff niancherley art vnd weyse, | den Schreybern fast nutz- | lich zu wissen. | Aj wanting, Aij to Ciiij in eifjhts ; or pp. [title-leaf wanting] I-XXXV. [Inhalt 2, I blank J. 24 lines to the page. Two .sizes of black letter ; ornamental capital.s. Ciiij 7-ecto, tlie colophon . H Gedruckt zu Aug.spurg durch | Hans Zimmerman. | The date assigned to this book in the British Museum cata- logue is (1620?). It seems to me, however, to be earlier, say about 1540, if that be not before Zimmerman's day. 6. Another point of resemblance between it and the edition of 1531 is the table of contents, which is constructed on exactly the same plan. It is reproduced here for comparison. e Inhalt dises Buchlins. Am j. ij. iij. iiij. v. vj. vij. wirdt beschribenn mancherlay weisz dinten zumachen. viij. ix. X. Dinten inn der not. Das die dinten nit der trucknet oder eindorret. Das das papir von den motten vnd meijsen nicht gefressenn werd. On dinten zu schreyben, das mans nit lose, man ziehe ehs dann durch ein wasser. X. xj. xij. Ein schvvartzenn brieff mitt weysser schrifft. Schritilt auff Pergamen ausz zu leschen. ^'on roter farb, vnd wie man I'resilaen seiidt. 8 Royal Philosophical Society of Glasgow. xiij. xiiij. xv. Purpur farb. Rosin farb. Fewer farb. liraun farb. A^)nn gelen farben. e xvi. xvij. xviij. Auripigmentum. Vonn grunenn farben, \\\d *-, o safft grun vber jar zu behaltenn. Indig vnd Auripigmentum e o zusamen temperiert. Grunspan zu temperirn. e o xix. XX. Griegisch grun zu machenn, vnd von blawen farben. XX. xxj. Lasur zu machen. Lasur zu Temperieren. xxij. xxiij. xxiiij. Von weissen farben. Kreiden ausz der federn zu schrciben. o Von gold farben, vnd Aurum musicum zu machen. XXV. xxvj. Argentum musicum. Ain schone Gold farb. Gold ausz der federn zu .schreiben. Alle metall zu schreyben. xxvij. xxviij. Ain gute gold farb. Gold auff papir vnd glasz zu legen. xxviij. xxix. XXX. xxxj. Wie man etzen soil in Stahel, schrifft vnd e gemalde. xxxij. xxxiij. xxxiiij. xxxv. F"ederen vnnd Pergamen mancherlay farben zu ferben. This is obviously a reprint of the previous taljle, and the two editions are practically the same. 7. When the English version of 1596 was formerly described (1886, No. 18), from the copy in the British Museum (C. 31. c. 21), I was unable, of course, to compare it with the German of 1 531. I have done so now, and have no doubt that " W. P." made the attemjjt to turn the contents into V^nglish. Comparison of the two books, however, shows differences that may have to be accounted for in more ways than one. The Englisli tninslation is a small (]uarto pamphlet, A to E in fours, without leaf or [)age numbers. It is in l)lack letter, except the title page, running title, and the headings of chapters, which are in mniaii. Ihit in the title there are some italics and black- letter as well. The Museum coi)y wants Ai, either a blank leaf, or containing a large A, with possibly a typographical ornament, or a title slij). 'I'he text of the ink and colour receipts runs from A3 rcc/o, to C4 Vt'fso, i.e. 10 leaves. 'J'iie second part, from the Italian, containing "Instructions for So??ie Early Trcalisa oti Tec/mological Chci/iisfry. ordering Wines," runs from Di redo, to E4 verso, i.e. 8 leaves. Il has no connection with the present series. These with the missing first leaf and the title-leaf make up the 20 leaves. 8. As this pam[)hlet is not provided with a table of contents or index, I have thought it necessary to furnish a list of the receipts which have been included in the translation. And first to make Inke in diuers maners i'o make Inke to write vpon paper To make Inke for parchment Another sort of Inke ' Another of the same sort, but easie to make Another Another Another Another To make inke vpon a suddaine, to serue in an extremitie To keepe Inke that il sinketh not into the paper neither that it come not off, and that moths nor mise hurt not the paper To write without inke, that it may not be seen, unlesse the paper be wet with water l\) take Inke out of paper or parchment Otherwise Of red colour, and first of Brasill To seeth Brasill another way Another red colour Purple colour To make Rosin Another Rosin Fire colour Tawny colour .Yellow colour Another good yellow Another yellow Otherwise Auripigmentum Greene colour A faire greene colour A3 rec/o A3 verso A 4 recto A4 verso Ri recto Bi verso B2 recto 152 verso 153 recto Wx verso 10 Royal Philosophical Society of Glasgozv. To temper or prepare Verdigreece B4 recto To make good greene Blew colour To make Azure B4 verso To temper or prepare Azure A faire blew Ci recto White colour To make chalke of egshels A good white colour Gold colours. To make Aurum AFusicum Ci verso Otherwise Argentum Musicum C2 recto To write a gold colour 'I'o write with gold out of a pensill To write all mettals out of the pen C2 verso A good gold colour To lay gold vpon anything To lay gold vpon glasse C3 recto End of the colours. How to graue in iron and steel, or in other mettals with strong water Another way to graue with water C3 verso Another way, but more piercing To colour quils and parchment of diuers colors C4 recto To die (|uils greene Red quils C4 verso Yellow quils JMacke quils To colour i)archmcnt and vclim of diuers colors 9. In going over the translation with the original German, I made a few notes which may as well be reproduced. For con- venience of comparison the tables of contents given above, §i^ 3 and 8, may be used. ( icrin:m. J). vj vij vij 'I'hc 2nd receipt is omitted. 'I'he ist reccijjt is omitted. 2nd receipt: ])/. sic aber nit schymlet werd, so thu ein wcnig saltz darcin. En<;Iisli. A 4 7) Br r Oernian. VI ij X XJ xij XVJ Some Early Tnatises on Technological Chemistry Translalioii : And lluit il may not come off, put a little salt into it. I'he German of 1 53 1 means : " in order that it may not grow mouldy, |)ut a little salt in it." The I St receipt is omitted. 2nd receipt : heydelber (bilberry), is called Heidleber in the English version. 3rd receipt : Rosin Farb (crimson colour) is translated: "To make Rosin." 4th receipt : Eyn ander Rosin Farb is trans- lated : "Another Rosin." 5th receipt : Methwertz is omitted in the translation. ,, ,, zinoper (cinnabar) is translated "gineper." I St receipt : The first part is omitted in the English. 3rd receipt: The translation runs: "Take the bark of a tree," instead of "apple-trees." 2nd receipt : Sap-green is omitted in the translation. 3rd receipt : To make a fine green : this pas- sage is commented on below § 12. Sections 4, 5, and 7 are omitted but the tempering of verdigris is given. I St receipt : To make blue colour. The translation omits holderbern (elderberries) atligbern (dwarf elderberries) heidelbern (bil- berries) and Methwertz. Lines 16 and 28 : Wissmat (bismuth) is translated Tartarum. thus dann in ein glasz mit eym langen halsz, verkleyb das glas vmbher mitguthen leymen, &c. Translated : " Put it in a glass with a long neck wel stopped Line S l^nglisli. Bi V B2 V B2 V B2 V B3r B3r B3r B3r B3Z/ B3 2' B4r B4 r Ci V Ci V 12 Royal Pliilosflpliical Society of Glasgotv. German. Englislu witli luttum," which is not a rendering of this German. The glass vessel is to be coated with a good lute, so as to protect it when heated in the furnace, and nothing is said about stopping it. xvij 2nd receipt : 2nd section, Saltzstein (rock- salt) is translated Saltstone. C2 r 3rd receipt : the 2nd section is omitted. C2 v xviij 2nd receipt : the ist section is omitted. C2 v 4th receipt : about etching on steel ; in the C3 r 2nd section the directions about linden charcoal are omitted and the use of a paste of red lead and oil, &c., is put after the 3rd section. The fourth is omitted. xxj ist receipt : 3rd section about colouring red feathers green is omitted. C4 7' The translation concludes with the colouring of parchment and "velim." The sections about dyeing horn and bone, colouring leather, and a few receipts about taking out spots and stains from velvet, silk and other fabrics, included in the 1563 edition, are omitted. 10. Consideration of these differences — and a closer scrutiny than I have given would doubtless reveal others — raises the question, what was the cause of tiiem ? 1 1 . Some of the receipts have i)een omitted because the trans- lator may have thought duplicates su[)erflu()us. Other omissions, however, must be ascril)ed, I fear, to tlie translator not being sure of the meaning of tlie (Tcrman, at least of some of the technical terms used, or the processes described. Two or tliree of the examples (luoted abovr (and there are others), show this, I think, pretty clearly. lb- found it safer, presumal)ly, to omit a receipt altogether, or an ingredient, than to risk an erroneous or un- intelligible version. 12. 'I'here is another (|ucsti(»n. \\\va\ edition did he use? That it was not tiial of 1531 is |)ro\ed, 1 think, by his version Some Early Treatises on '/\r/i/io/ai^i(a/ Chemist rv. 13 of tlie receipts to make a fine green colour. In iluj edition (jf 1531, p. xij., the first two receipts are as follows :- " Nini honig, giesz ein wenig niehr dan des honigs ist essig dran, niisch es vvol in eym verglasten oder kupfern gefesz, verstopffs oI)en wol, vii setz es xij tag vnder eine warmen mysthauffen, oder an ein andre warnie slat. o Item, Nachtschatten bletter reyb mit kreyden, vnd sihe zu, das dii der kreyden nit zuuil nemest." That is : "Take honey, pour on it a little more vinegar than there is honey, mix it well in a glazed or copper vessel, stop it up well, and set it for twelve days in a warm manure-heap,' or some other warm place. Item, rub leaves of nightshade witii chalk, and see that y(ju do not use too much chalk." 13. Now in the 1537 reprint, these two receipts have been run together, perhaps by a blunder of the copyist (jr printer. But however it has come about, the result is this : — " Nym honig, geijsz ein wenig mehr dan des honigs ist essig daran, mische es wol in eynem verglasten oder kupffern gefesz, verstops oben wol, o vnd setz es xij tag vndter eynen mist, sehe zu das du der kreyden nit zeuil nemest." Here all about rubbing nightshade leaves with chalk is dropped, and the concluding caution not to use too much chalk is tacked on to the previous receipt, with which it has nothing to do, and thus makes nonsense. 14. The same combination of the two receipts occurs besides in the undated reprint of the 1537 edition (1886, No. 7); Eitliche Kiinste, 1563 (1886, No. 8); KunsthiUhlin, 1574 (1886, No. 11); Kunstbiichlein, i6i6 (1886, No. 22); Kimst-Biichlei/i, 1687,(1886, No. 24); Zimmerman's edition (15 — ?) (1886 No. 27); and an imperfect copy in the British Museum (with date wanting) (1886, No. 28). Of the 1538 edition I cannot speak, but not one of these has been copied from or compared with the 1531 edition, visk Gr<^nt Farffve. Tag Honning, oc Adicke lidet meer end Honningen er, formeng det vel udi et Glas eller Kaaberkar, stop det vel til, oc set det 12 Dage udi en Mnt> f lecke aua gcmnD Bammat^/ec^Oert/(0ult)irtcn (!ucf m/ :BIeyb«rn ic. ju bnn^cn / if a fein ©Amdltx flaFc Ae aWte lej^c^du^ en fc&Abcn / mtt tpaflVm^bbn: (AU^cn/ trie C6 bAnn ynn bicrem £>ucl^(cyn/ 0clm oub/ 5U polbidi0en* ©9r5u aucb roie ey nem ^e^Iicbcrt ®et»nb lUr ntr At /aiK)^ ^oln vR beyn/ moncbctUjr /AcbenZ/ttbcnf^f ^, Ja. XXXIL rrn K talk, i r.\( r ii. Some Early Treatises on Technological Chemistry. 15 No. 2) from Graesse, and I have enumerated certain reprints of it, though the 1532 edition itself I have not yet come across. It does not appear in the British Museum Catalogue under " Kunst- hiichlein," the first word of the title. Happening, however, to turn, by the merest chance, to the heading "Mackel" in the Cata- logue, I found there a treatise on taking out spots and stains, which was new to me. As it appeared obviously to be one of the set, I examined it and made the notes on it which follow. In its case also I have added a facsimile of the title-page, which is not without interest. The press mark of this book is B. M. 7742. aa. I 8. 19. [Allerley Mackel] | vnd Flecke aus gcwund [Sammath, Scyden, Guldinen stucken, Kleydern dsic. zu bringen, Es sein Schmaltz flecke] Oel oder Wein flecken, oder wie die mugen ge nennet werden, Vnd das alles leychtlich on schaden, mit wassern odder laugen, wie es dann ynn diesem Buchleyn, gelert wird, zu vol bringen. [Darzu auch wie eynem] yeglichen Gewand, sein verlorne farb wider zu bringen sey, Desgleychen wie man Garn vnd Leynwat, auch holtz vn beyn, mancherley farben, ferben sol. [M. D. XXXII.] / Small S''. A 8 leaves, B 4 leaves, of which tlie last is blank ; or, pp. [22, 2 blank]. No page or leaf nnmliers. 25-26 lines. Title red and black, the red portions are here enclosed in the heavy brackets. Three sizes of black letter, an ornamental and also a roman capital N. The colophon is on Biij verso : (iedriickt yfi der Churfurstliche stadt Zwickaw, durch Wolffgang meierpeck 20. Immediately following the title is the table of contents : — Inhalt dieses buchleins. Einem yeglichen Gewand sein verlorne farb wider zubringen. e Flecke vn mackel aus wuUe tiich zubrTgc. 16 Royal Philosophual Society of Glasgow. Mackel vn fleckc aus weisse tuch zubrige. Schmaltz odder uel flccken aus weyssem tuch zu bringen. schmaltz oder ol flecke aus allerlei tuche. e Wein flecken aus alle tuchern zubringen. Flecken aus scydene schleyern zubringen. Allerlei mackel aus de samaht zubringe. Ein weychen Sammath hart vnd steyff zu machen. e e Allerley mackel aus Guldinen stucken zu bringen. Perlin zu machen die den guten Perlin / gleych sehen. Garn vnd Leynwath Braun, Blaw, vn roth zu ferben. Holtz vii Beyn allerley farben zu ferben. Horn weych zu machen. Horn so weych zu machen das man bildwerck in forme, damit drucken mag. Horn zu giessen in formen wie bley. 2 1. The headings of the separate chapters are a little different from the preceding table of contents, and they may therefore be given in detail. Einem yegliche gewand sein verlorne farb wider zu bringen. :\ij v Flecken aus dem wullen tuch zu bringen. Ein Anders. Aiij r Ein anders. Aiij v Ein Wasser zu machen, damit man Hccke, aus M'eissem gewand mag bringe. e Wie man schmaltz oder ol flecken, aus weyssem tuch bringen soil. Aiiij r Wie man schmaltz oder ol flecken ausz allerley gewand on aus weissem, vertreyben sol. Ein anders, Schmalcz flecken zu vortreiben {sic). Aiiij v Wein flecken aus allerley tuch zu bringen. Allerley flecken aus seydenen schleyern zu vertreyben. Allerley mackel vii flecken aus dem (?armesin Sammat zu bringen. Av r Ein Sammath der do weych ist, steyff vnd starck zu machen. Av v Ein wasser das alle mackel vnd flecke aus (iuldinen stucke vii Sammat hinwegt nimpt. Perlin zu machen die den guten Perlin in aller gestalt gleych sehen. Avj r Avj V Avij r Avij V Aviij r Aviij 7< J''j r Bj V Bij r Some Early Treatises on Tcchnolo'^ical Chemistry. 17 darn vnd Lcynwal I>iauii /u farhcii. Oarn \iul Leynwat l>la\v zii fcrbcn. Ein JJIawe farbc, allcrlcy mil vw fcrljcii. Rot zu ferljcn Kin andcM^ Rote faib. ^V'ie man Holt/, IJcjn vnd Horn, ferljon sol. Grun zu fcrhen. Ein atulcr ( Irun. loin anders. Roth zu tV'rbcn. Oehl zu fcrl)cn Swarcz zu ferben. Horn AV'uychen. Horn so Weych zu machen, das man bilduerck in for- men, damit druckcn mag. Bij v Yaw anders auff die weise. Biij ;' Horn zu giesscn inn formen wie Bley. Biij r ends v. 22. These receipts are re[)rinted in the 1537 Kiinstbilclilin (18S6, No. 3), as follows: S[)ots and stains (Aij v. to Av z'.) are contained in 1537, ff. vi /-. to vii V. Colours and softem'ng of Horn, (.\:c. (Avj v. to the end, Biij r.) are contained in 1537, ff xv r. to xvi v. One receipt, to make pearls, is omitted in the 1537 edition. Another receipt for this purpose is given in it, on f. xvii r., but it is not the same. Portions are also reprinted in Alangvieistety (see § 29), viz : Spots and stains (Aij v. to Avj v.) are contained in Aiij v. to l^j v_ (Cap. ij). Colours (Avj V. to Aviij r.) are contained in Aij r. to Aiij v. (Cap. j). The receipts for making Pearls and softening Horn (Bij r. to Biij r.) are omitted. 23. The question arises as to the connection of this edition with the 4to of the same date printed at Niirnberg (1886, No. 2, 1532), referred to above. Did they come out simultaneously, or did one precede the other, and, if so, which came first? How was it that they appeared in the same year ? It is possible, of course, that, though of the same date, one is a mere reprint of the other including the date, and they need not, therefore, have appeared simultaneously ; but, if so, it is not common, when such reprints 18 Royal Philosophical Society of Glasgow. exist, to find them of different sizes, and it is more likely that in the present case thy were independent publications. As to their contents one can only suppose that they were identical. All such questions and suppositions, however, are just so much futile specu- lation, and by it one gets no nearer the facts. What is wanted is a copy of the Niirnberg edition for comparison to answer these and other questions that might be asked, but at present I do not know where one is to be seen. 24. When it is considered that the receipts in the 1532 tract are reprinted both in the Kiinstbiichlin of 1537, and the Alang- meistery (§ 29), but that those on making pearls and softening horn are omitted from the latter, it may be asked further what edition did the compilers use, and does their use throw any light on the contents of the two issues respectively? If the Niirnberg edition, like that of Zwickau, contain these receipts, then either may have been employed for the 1537 col- lection. But, if it do not contain them, it may have served for the reprint in the Maiigmcistery. At the same time, the editor of the latter, whatever original he copied, may have deliberately left out those receipts as not bearing on his special subject. There is another possibility, that an edition exists without those receipts, and that it was the model of the Afa?igmeistc?y reprint. That, however, is improbable, and it is impossible to say anything definite and useful about a book that one has not examined. THIRD TR.\CT. 25. Some six months ago I chanced to see in a foreign cata- logue a pamphlet, which I judged by its title must belong to this research on chemical receij^ts, and after capturing it I found my anticipations confirmed. It was not, however, a mere reprint, but a new member of the series, differing in parts from those already described. Of one section, indeed, it is the oldest form I have as yet i)erused, but whether it is tlie original, or a ri'|)rint from a still earlier edition, or a translation (as miglit be surmised), I am unable at present to decide. 26. The title of the tract is as follows. Its appearam-c with the vignette may l^e judged of by the facsimile. Mangmeistery. \'on mancherlei farben auff gam, U;in- wadl, holtz, be)n, Icdcr, 4nb /(3tfmrTWi/fci i>€n/gUlbenfiudci\/Heib(rctiX(, leid^tlid? mitiwof jucerttciCscn. ®o[5 tJnb filbtc farbcn/auff ciri jc&ce mc ral m<:nc^rUy txxi f*€/em Ftmjc an (Semscfrii; @tr4^burd>)ir^^j[4c^b C4mcd4n»a« TlTLK-rAGic. ri:Arr 111. Some Early Treatises on Tecluioloi^ieal Chemistry. 19 wandt seinvcrloren nirhwidcrWiingcii soil. Item s(:liniall/,6llleckcn, oder was nur fur Heckeii seind, ausz gewand, Sanimat, sei den, giildenstiickon, kleideren, p}iical Society of G/asgojv. observed. Anyhow it is a rarity, which may be due to its small size, and to its having been used up during the last three hundred and seventy years. 'I'he wonder is that a copy should have come down to the present time at all. Perhaps even a greater wonder is that it should turn up just in time to take its place along with the family of treatises to whicli it belongs. What were the chances that it missed recording altogether and having its connection with the other items of the series exhibited ? It is the collocation of these tracts which enhances their value from every point of view. 28. The word J/az/xmeistery in the title, is the first thing that attracts attention, for it has not occurred before in anv of these books. The meaning attached to the word ma/ii^e is threefold.^ First, it denoted a machine used in war for casting great stones, a sort of ballista, or catapult, or mangonel, which is from the same root. Secondly, perhaps from some real or fancied resemblance, it denoted and still denotes a machine for rolling and smoothing woven goods. It was, therefore, a mangle, which word also is probably of the same origin. Moreover, if one remembers the old box-mangle, one can perhaps trace the connection between it and the war engine. For it consisted of an oblong box filled with big stones, attached by a rope at each end to a central roller turned by a handle, so that as one rope was wound up and pulled the box in one direction, the other unwound and allowed it to travel along. '^ The articles to be smoothed and pressed were wrapped round hard wood cylinders, carefully turned, which were put between the box and the smooth solid level bed over which the box passed to and fro. The place where this rolling operation was carried on was ^ Matlliias Lexer, Miltilhoihdcutsilus IlaitdworUr/nivh, Leipzig, 1872, L cols., 2029, 2030, 2031. - Readers of " Nicliolas Nicklchy"" may remcml)er the picture of the box- mangle, at wiiich inexorable fate l)roii^(), No. i) and the others just described, make up the conjoined edition of 1537, as I have tried to exhibit in the accompanying parallel table of contents (^5 41). It will be observed, liowever, that there are differences which might make it more correct to say that the tract Alangmeistery is itself a conjoined edition of that of 1532 with possibly one on iron and steel, which, however, I have not seen mentioned anywhere, and the existence of which I infer only from its presence in the Mangmeistery itself and the Kiinstbiichlin. On the other hand that section may have been printed in one of these for the first time. It seems also open to question whether the Mangmeistery tract was prior or subsequent to the Kibisthiichlin^ because it includes the section on the dyeing of leather, which so far as one can judge from the title is not contained in the 1532 Niirnberg tract on taking out spots and stains, is certainly not in the 1532 Zwickau edition, and as certainly is not in the 1537 Kiinstbiichliti. From this I think it can be inferred that the com- piler of the 1537 Kiinstbiichlin reprinted the 1532 tract, and not the Alangmeistcry. It does not follow from that that the Mangmeistery is later than 1537, but proI)ably it is, for otherwise the receipts about leather would hardly have been omitted. 2,2,. There remains still the (juestion whether the Mangmcisteiy is an original work or a lianslulion from the Dutch, in whole or in part. This is difficult to settle, for 1 have not seen an earlier Dutch version of any part of the collection than of 1549. On the other hand, in Mascall's translation, there is a number of the receipts about colours and leather, in the same order too, which appear to have been made from a Dutch and not from a German original. The earliest Dutch version I have seen, that of 1549, contains the sections on dyeing linen, removing stain.s, and on iron and steel, which appear in the Mangmeistery^ and the author, Andree or Andriessen, speaks of his work as a translation and comjjilation, which gives us no help out of the clifficuhv. The Some Early Treatises, on Techno/oi:^ical Chemistry. 25 existence, iherefore, of an uarly Diitcli version, wliich may have been used l)y Mascall, must remain, in the meantime, an uncon- firmed possibility. The detailed evidence c)n this topic will be given afterwards, but tlie chief reason may be stated briefly. In the course of his translation Mascall seems sometimes to have hesitated about the exact meaning of a word and correct rendering of a plirasc, and then he added the doubtful word or phrase to avoid error, or misconce[)tion. This has happened about twenty times, and it is observable that the equivalent words (Quoted are never in German, but always in Dutch. Now if he had been translating from a German, and not dealing with a Dutch original, it is not easy to see what inducement he had to introduce Dutch words as he has done, besides stating categori- cally that they were Dutch. 'J'he natural thing would have been to insert the doubtful German word, and not go out of his way for a Dutch one. Presumably, tlierefore, in these cases, the original was Dutch. I am nc^t now sure, however, that these intrusive words, curious iind numerous though they be, are of themselves sufirtcient to prove the existence of an entire Dutch edition, but they cause a difficulty and require further examination. 34. 'J'iie theme has developed by the acquisition of tiiis material, and it has thereby received fresh interest. The subject is turning out rather more involved than one would have antici- pated, when the attempt is made to "redd marches" betwixt these dated and undated tracts. 'J'he later reprints present less difficulty, but the early editions are not so easily put in their places on account of apparent gaps, which leave the sequence or arrangement doubtful. 35. This is illustrated by the contents of the tracts respectively, comparison of which at least suggests, if it do not justify, certain deductions : — 1°. The Rechter Gebrauch d'Alc/iimei imd the ArtlitJie Kuiiste, both printed in 1 531, are the first editions of these books and the first books of the series. 2°. In 1532 appeared the first editicMi of the receipts for taking out spots and stains, and restoring faded colours, but whether at Niirnberg or Zwickau first, or simultaneously, is not yet determined. 3°. There may have been, besides, a contemporary tract on the 26 Royal Philosoplucal Society of Glasgow. hardening and softening of iron and steel. If there be such a thing, I have not seen it or any mention of it, but the receipts appeared in Mangmeistery. 4°. All these, as I have already said, were reprinted in 1537, under the title " Kiinstbiichlin " ; unless the last mentioned section upon iron and steel appeared in it for the first time. It is difficult to say which of these alternatives is the more probable. 5°. With regard to the receipts for the dyeing of leather they too may have appeared in a separate pam[)hlet, afterwards in- cluded in Mangmeistery —\:>M\. it is also possible that they were printed for the first time in that collection. 36. This research is not yet complete, for as long as there are editions mentioned which I have not seen, and others which, as I have been showing, may be deduced from incidental remarks, it is not possible to stop. 37. 'The Niirnberg edition of 1532 is still to examine.* I have now little doubt that it was incorporated in that of 1537, but apparently it did not contain the sections on leather dyeing, or if it did they were omitted in the reprint. As has been already said these sections, as far as I know at present, appeared for the first time in the Mangmeistery, which unfortunately has no date. 38. The 1538 reprint or reissue of the 1537 edition has also escaped me. 39. I have already pointed out in connection with MascalTs translation the possible existence of an edition or editions in Dutch, as yet unmentioned by the bibliographers, not to speak of the sources from which he got the receij^ts not extant in the other collections. There may be others. 40. For, if after collecting tiiese l)o()ks for four and thirty years,' examining others elsewhere and hunting in every available list, the tracts now described appeared all at once without any warning of their existence, what guarantee is liiere that others, also (juite unknown, may not start up as suddenly as these have done and involve some new consideration ? I do not think that any material modification of view is iikel)-, but one can never be sure. I have had sullicicnl experience of the unexpt'cled in l)ook col- ^ I got Andrec's Kunsthocflc, 1549, in February, 1877. I liavc never seen or lu-ard ol anollier C"|)y since. Some Early Treatises on Tec/ino/oi^iiai Chernistry. 27 Iccting to refrain from shutting the door and affirming that none of these wanted will ever aijpear. They may one or all do so at any moment, and in tlie most unexpected locality. I sui)pose I had better wait and sec. Ikit I wish that tiic unknown nLunbers would make haste to present themselves and enable one to substitute certainty for speculation. 41. The following table exhibits in a form convenient for com- parison the contents of the earliest editions of these collections which I have seen in German, Dutch and Flnglish. They are arranged chronologically, the only doubtful point in the table, as has been noted above, being whether the Kiinstbiichlin of 1537 should come before or after the Maiii:;meistery. From the fact that it is a reprint of the others and includes what aj)pears only in the Ma?igfneistciy, one would suppose that it must be subsequent to it. On the other hand the Maiv:;meisfcry contains some sections which the 1537 book does not contain, and one might therefore infer that it came later and had taken in those parts. But again both omit the receipts about dyeing wood and softening horn contained in the 1532 collection, so that these sections require further elucidation, but for that purpose the material is not forthcoming at the present moment. As far as the table is concerned it makes no difference, though it gives a better view of the contents of the 1537 edition, to j^ut it after the others. ERRA-J'UM. Supplement II. >; I, line 5, dt-lclc '" Ilalian." So far as I know there was 111) edition in Itiiliiin of anv of tiie.se books. 28 Royal Pliilosdf'liical Society of C/aSi^o7V. To make amber, iVc. on to To exalt gold Inks . - - . Colours - - - - To write with gold - To etch - - - . To colour quills, iVc. To dye linen - To dye wood, bone, horn To soften horn To take out spots and "\ I stains - - H To make pearls To dye leather To put silver and gold "J colours on metals j i To harden and soften iron > To harden and soften steel i To solder iron, &c. - To etch on iron and steel Rechler Ge- brauch d' Alchimei Artliche Kunste Allerley Mackel . . . aus gcwand . . zu bringen Mang- nieistery 1531 1531 1532 n. d. ff. III. ; to XXVII. t;(i) pp Pl> pp pp pp . iij-ix . ix-xvi) . xvij-xviij . xix-xx xx-xxij I 1 Avij-Aviij Aviij-Bij Bij-Biij Aij-Av Avj I. Aij-Aiij Aiij II. Aiij l!j III. Bj-Biij 11 1 1. Biij-Biiij V. Biiij-Cj Cj-Cij Cij-Ciij Ciij-Ciiij (') This is the whole book. ('-) This is contained in Parts IV., V. and \'l. with a ijortiuii ol Pail 111. Mf)st of the receipts in the 1531 Gi/iiaiirh are included. Some however are omitted, there is occasional alteration of the order, and receipts have been a(l(ie(l from other sources. Some Early Treatises on Technoloi^ical Chemislfv. 29 Kiinst- biiclilin 1537 H. XVI. to X XXVI I. VIII. -X. X.-XIII. XIII.-XIIII. XIIII.-XV. XV. XV. -XVI. XVI. \I.-\II. V.-VI. II. II. III. III.-IIII. IIII.-V. Kunst- hoeck 1549 Tract. III. ff. .xvij to . VI. ^° liij (^) III. xiij-.\v. xv-xvj xvj-xvij II. ix-xiij i:illicli Klin si I •5(^3 Aij-Avij Avij-Bvij Bvij-Bviij Bviij-Cij (^ij-Ciij (liij-Ciiij Cvij-Cviij (■*) Ciiij-Cvij V1J-1.\ i-iiij (') V-VJ vj-vij Hviij Cij A profitable Book A Booke of Secrets 1583 1596 A3-B2 B2-C2 C2-C3 C3-C4 C4 pp. 44-49 pp. 71-72 pp. 59-70 {•') PP- 73-75 pp. 76-78 1 (■"') The receipts for hardening iron and steel come first and those for softening them next. (■•) Only four of the receipts in Mnii^'nirisUiy Arc re[)rinted. (5) Here again are several receipts not contained in the others. The receipts for softening iron and steel and those for hardening them are kept apart. sOjMI'] eaiily treatises ON TECHNOLOGICAl. CHEMISTRY. SU IMPLEMENT IV. 15V JOHN FEKdUSON, LL.D., REGIfS PROFl'.SSOK OF CHEMISTRY IN TIIK CXIVKRSITV OK til.ASlJOW. G L A S G O ^^' : TRIXTED FOR THK ROYAL PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIKTV OF GLASGOW, BV CARTER & PRATT. LTD.. ol-C. CA.NAL STKKKT. S.S. 1018. SOMI'] EAIILY TREATISES ON TECHNOLOGIGAl. CHEMISTRY. SUl'lMiEMENT IV. I'.V JOHN FEIK^USON, LL.D. KK(iIlS PKOFISSOK OF CHKMISIKV IN Till-; rNiVKRSiTV oi' (;i.Asc:o\v. GLASGOW: I'KINTKI) FOR THE ROVAL PHILOSOPHKAI. SOCIKTV OF GLASGOW, BY CAKTHR \: I'RATT, LTH., r.l-c:, CANAL STKKICT. S.S. litis. 5lrt(ic|e futifle maticberlev voctfc ^in ten vn^ aUer t>art^ ^arbert jubereitett. 3tudi (Bolt vnX> 0ilbef \^ampt alien iHTetallen/ one ^«: 5e»t>«:rt ?» p^t^V^* MTi^vicl ^ut^^ gmmngii rtllo-lcy fairbai/ jiifffben* 2tu<^ »!€ wi4n fdjnfT^ vH gemel:>i4iif^&tel)chn£/ StyfcH* Hk waffiOT/ vnt> Pes g!eyc^«i/|>hical Sncicly of (il;\s};n\v.] Some Early Treatises on Techiioloi^ical Chemistry. Siipplemcut IV. By John Fkrouson, LI^.D., Regius Professor of Chemistry in the University of Glasgow. [l\ea(l before tlie Society, Wednesday, 4th December. 191 2.] 1. At the close of my last paper (Supplement III.)' I suggested that there might be editions of these books not yet discovered, and that it might be well to see what fortune would bring. I had not long to wait, for though none of the editions suggested as possible and desirable have presented themselves as realities, yet in confirmation of my forecast (ii 39, 40) that examples of un- known editions might turn up without warning at any time, two such came to my knowledge in July last, as unexpectedly as the copies had shoitly before arrived at the Library of the Patent Office in London, where they now are. By the kindness of the librarian, Mr Hulme, I have had access to these books, so that I can furnish not only a description of them, but facsimiles of their title-pages as well. They contain nothing new, but the date of one of them involves the reconsideration of a problem already stated, while it makes the solution of it rather harder than it seemed before. An account of these books may now l)e given and their relationship to the ether editions examined. FIRST TRACT. 2. The earlier of the two books by date, 1532, has the follow- ing title-page : — [.Vrtliche kunste] mancherley weise Din [ten vnd aller hand Farben zuberciten. Auch Golt vnd Silber sampt alien Metallen,] aus der Feddern /.u schrcyben. Mil vicl andern e e nutzlichen Kunstlin, .Schreybfeddern vnd I'er- ' Proceedings of the Royal Philosophical Society, Glasgow, 1911- 12, vol. xliii., p. 232. 4 Royal Philosophical Society of Glasgow. gamenen allerley farben, zu ferben. Audi wie man schrifft vn gemelde auff Steheline, Eysen- ne waffen, vnd des gleychen, Etzen sol Allen Schreybern, Brieff malern, sampt an- e dern solcher Kunsten liebhabern, gantz lu- stig vnd fruchbarlich zu wissen. [Den ynhalt aller Kun-] ste deses Buchlins, findet man an der er- sten seiten des nachfolgenden blats, nach ordnug eins Registers, verzeychnet. [M. D. XXXII.] Small 8vo. A, B in eights; or pp. xxxi., and the hxst blank. Black letter of several sizes. Ornamental capitaJs. Title red and black. The red is within heav\- l)rackets. p. i. The Title ; p. ij. blank. p. iij. Inhalt discs buchleins. p. iiij. The text begins, and ends p. xxxi., followed by the colophon: — Gedruckt ynn der Churfurstlichen Stadt Zwickaw durch Wolff Meyerpeck M. D. XX.XII 3. 'I'his book is a reprint in small octavo form of the (juarto of 1 53 1, described in Supplement III., i 2. The .special interest, however, lies in its being printed by Meierpeck, whose edition of the receipt book for taking out spots and stains, (!v:c., was likewise described in .Sui)[)lement III., § 19. That book also was printed in 1532, in the same style and size as the present one, so that it may be inferred that Meier[)eck had an eye for uniformity, as well as a desire to publish books of practical utility. 4. This edition calls for no special remark. It is simply a reprint with the change of a word here and there, l)ut the receipts arc identical, and even the construction of the table of contents is ten grundthc(?en gcb29ucl?0 ^ V^n< t>nt> mmUdncm grwnC^/nemKcJ)/ Bd)mcJ^n/©ct)aibcft. 2lbrreyb€H/p^0bient. 2tbfo:mcrt/2tbgief|ert ?c, '^ctnfAvbin 56berai«rt/cr^lmt/ 6c(jcrrt vn^ wbcrbzmgcn/^b juttl tlTkloi/Scbjeybcrt. 3(lummicm/t)ergulbcn. Stuf eft/t:^b«lgejlrtm K, 4lI«e3rtb^lt5S mbdt^d(^n ^cgi(?«(in9. M, D. XXXV. Ti I I I-. r \':i:. 'I'l; \' i II. i I aili. i IjIi S()iiie Early Treatises on TechnoUn^ical C/iei/iis/ry. 5 tlie same, only wilh the pai^iiiatioii necessarily altered to suit the different size of the volume. 5. One point, however, may be noticed. In Supplement III., j.^ 12-17, attention was directed to the receipt fcjr making a fine ureen colour, which in succeeding editions underwent varitjus alterations from the original as published in 1531. In this edition of 1532, however, the receipt (p. xvij.) " Hiibsch Griin," is re- [irinted exactly as it stands in the edition of 1531. 6. In Supplement III., i 23, the (juestion was discussed whether the Nurnberg and Zwickau editions of the receipts for taking out spots and stains, both dated 1532, were published simultaneously, or, if not, which came first. In the absence of a copy of the Nurnberg edition it is impossible to decide. Con- sidering, however, that the present edition of the Artliche Kunste is unquestionably a reprint, the inference is plausible at least that the other, uniform with it in every respect, and similar to it in subject, is also a reprint. Comparison of the facsimiles of the title-pages demonstrates that they are companion volumes and may have been brought out together by i\Ieier[)eck intentionally. The publication by Meierpeck of these two books in uniform style may have suggested to some one, perhaps to Steyner, the printer, himself, the plan of gathering the separate tracts into one volume, the Kiinstbiichliii, so often referred to, being the result. SECOND TRACT. 7. The other tract is an edition of the said Kiinstbiichlin, dated 1535. Both it and the edition of 1537 were printed by Steyner at Augsburg in the same form ; in fact they are practically identical. I give a facsimile of the title-page of each, that of 1535 from the copy in the Library of the Patent Otifice, and that of 1537 from the copy which has been in my possession since December, 1879, and was described by me in 1886.^ 8. The following is an account of the book : — Kunstbuchlin, gerecht- ten griindtlichen gebrauchs aller kunstbaren Werckleiit. ^ Proceedings of the \^Royal'\ Philosophkal Society, Glasgow, 1888, vol. xix., p. 134. Royal J'hi/osophiciil Society of Gi(isx( Von f Ertzarbait, in vn ausserhalb feiirs, auss Alchimistischem I vnd natiirlichem grund, nemlich, Harten, Weychen. Schmeltzen, Schaiden. Abtreyben, Problem. Loten, Etzen. Abfornien, Abgiessen &:c. I Jede farben zuberaiten, erhalten, bessern vnd widerbringen, als zum I Malen, Schreyben. I Illuminiern, Vergulden. (^ Stricken, Edelgestain &:c. Alles Inhalt zu end beygelegten Registerlins. [\'ignette] M. D. XXXV. Small 4'. A to H in fours, J six, or ff. xxxvii. [i]. Jvi. !-€c/o, the colophon, after the table of contents: (jctrucktzu Augspurg, durch Heinrich Steyner, | am XVI. tag Junij, im M. D. XXXV. Jare. | The verso is bhink. 9. 'I'iiis edition of 1535 .supersedes, of course, that of 1537, in all that has been said throughout this research in connection therewith. Hitherto the KiinstbiicJilin of 1537 has been assumed by me as the first collected edition, so to speak, Init it proves now to be not the first, but merely a reprint. There is, therefore, but little to add about the 1535 edition exce[)t to indicate in what respect that cjf 1537 differs from it. 10. The 1537 edition is a page for page and, with only a few exce[)tions, a line for line re|)rint of that of 1535, and the contents are identical. l!ut there are more misspellings, and the impression is not (juite so clear and carefully done. Such falling off is a common featiu'e of successive editions, and in this case the printer may have hurried out the new edition to supply the demand. 11. Some other differences which distinguish the two editions from each other may be rt^ferred to. 'I'he signatures ot:cup\- differeiil positions at the fool of the page, relatively to the line of text above. ten griind tlicbcn gcbwucbe 2ft)trcybcri/p:obiarm ^[e^efarbcfi jfibcraitcrt/er^Wft/ bcflfcm »rt^ m>erP:mgcrt/4l65um tTkleii/Qdizcybeit. I 3^mimerrt/t?cmn(t>eii. 2roca>^>5crtbbey3clegtji^/i(i/ C/ieuiis/rv. 9 ■53^ J 53') 1532, respectively. 'I'lie inference is obvious that the fourth tract, in order to be conjoined with the others, must also have existed separately prior to 1535. The only edition, however, of the fourth tract at present known to me was printed by Cam- nierlaiuler under the name Alangmeisiery. 'J'his book is ncjt dated, though, if it could be shown, that it was puljlished before 1535, or, in general, before any edition of the Klinsfluich/in, there would be no further difficulty, as all four tracts would be accounted for. l-5ut Cammerlander's book on account of its size, printing, illustra- tion, ivrc., is probably later than 1537, and it so closely resembles tjie book published l)y him in 1539, described in Supplement II.,' that it may have the same date, or, .say 1 540, assigned to it. Assuming that date to be correct, there are two ways of account ing for the presence of the fourth tract. 16. Since it forms an integral part of the collection the inference as I have just said is unavoidable that like the other three parts it existed sej)arately in an edition befc^re 1535. If that be so Cam- merlander's undated edition is merely a reprint or new edition of this one. I have not seen or heard of such an edition, but that has no significance. The other explanation of the fourth tract is that the receipts composing it were collected by the editor, or by some one for him, and published for the first time in tlie KiinstbnihHn in 1535, or in an earlier edition of it, if such there were. Afterwards these receipt.s, thus constituting the fourth tract, were published separ- ately by Cammerlander under the title Mangmeistery in, say, 1540. 17. It must be observed, however, that the undated Man^- tiuistcry contains receipts on dyeing leather and making pearls which are not in the Kiiiisibiichliri. Now, if there was an earlier se])arate edition uf the fourth tract, whether it went by the name Ma/ig?neistery, or any other, makes no difference, did it, or did it not, contain these extra receipts? If it did, why were they omitted when the tract was included in the Kiinstbiichlin? If it did con- tain them, naturally when (Cammerlander reprinted the book, those receipts were reproduced also. But if it did not contain them, that explains why they do not appear in the Kiinstbiichlin^ but in that case Cammerlander must have obtained them from some other source and added them on to his reprint. Can there have ^ Proceedings of the Royal Philosophical Society of Glasgo^v, 1910, vol. xli., p. 113. 10 Royal Pliilosopkiial Society of G/asxoiv. been a separate tract containing those receipts, and, if so, is there a copy of it anywhere in existence? If there be no such tract, where did they conit; from ? 1 8. Which alternative then is the more probable: that the tract we know as Maiigmeistery — with certain omissions — went along with three other . tracts X.o the making of the 1535, or earlier, KiinstbUchlin, or that the fourth section of the Kiitistbiichliti first collected and published in it, was printed separately with certain additions under the title jSfangmcistery ? If the latter, did the editor of the Kiinstbiicliliii himself compile the Maitgmeistery and add the extra receipts? When one considers that the first three tracts in the Kiiustbiichliii are reprints of extant editions, one would like to know definitely in what position the fourth tract, corresponding to the Ma/ig- meistery, in the 1535 collection, stands to Cammerlander's edition which was almost certainly later than 1535. It seems to me much simpler to assume that there was an early edition of the Ma/ig- meistery which was reprinted in the Ktiiistbiicldiu. But if on the other hand it is the Mangmeisfefy which is the reprint from the Kuustbiichliii, from what source were the receipts which it contains originally derived? The problem of origin is thus removed only another stage backward. If the Maiigmeisti'ry is not the original collection, where is it, and what is its name ? If it be the original, why were receipts it contains omitted when it was transferred to the Kunstbuchlin. If it be not the original l)ut a re[)rint from the Kiinstbucldin collection, where did the additional receipts come from thai differentiate Cammerlander's edition from the Kunst- bucJiliii version ? The answer is ])robably {^uite easy, but no data are forthcoming for it. .\ copy of a pre- 1535 Afaiigmeisfety might dispel the whole difficulty. 19. It would appear as if copies of these books had been at one time in existence or may be so now, but until ihey are available fli/.abelh"s time, over three hundred years ago, even thougii the original was sixty years earlier; It is easier to com|)are the actual translation with the original, and to indicate what appear to be nusunderstandings and to catalogue omissions. Any notes also thai may be necessary will be more intelligible ; As the book is a rare one the transcription will at all events preserve the contents should the original ever go astray and it will also make them more readily accessible to those who may feel some curiosity about the subject. Reference may be made to Supplement III. ^ 3, for the con- tents of the original German (jf 1531, and to j 8 for the contents of the present l^nglish translation. Comparison of the two will show what receipts ha\e been omitted. In i 9 are some notes on the differences between them, and these in a more extended form are given in the present paper at the end of the reprint of the text. A BOOKE OF SECRETS; S^hewingdiucrs waies to make and prepare all fottjB! of jnUe, atit) £oloiir0 : n^ BlacHe, naintc^ iSlctu, C!5repne,V\eD, J^ellolu, anDot!)erColour0. jaWototoMtciDUli ©oIDfinD'§ilufr,e^ anJ•^.lnDof iT.3cnalI outoftlje JQtti: tDitlimftnpotljer pjoritablffccrttsi, (15 ro celeur^nils ano Parc5nifnt of anp colour: anDtoGrgurtuu^j arong anatetin'i)tetU ana 3ton. NcccfTarle to be knownc of all Scrlueners , Pair tcrS/ and others tlut Jelighi la futhArts. Traoflac^d ©uc of Duich )nco EiigliHijby W. V, Hereunto is annexed a little Trcatife^ infiruled, Jnflruff tons for orderit?^^ of Wines : Shewing how to make Wine , That it may continue ■ g«oii aiitl famt rior,i\Jcitl'cr become (owcr,nor loolc colour. An J how you ma)' rcmedic taint Wirrc, take aw.iy the hoati- nefltfjWidi other inftruftions tot tbc }Jre- fciijationof ihclamc, IVnttef] fn-fiin Iralun, ay$dnsvp nervlji trAnJiated V> ^ ^ ^c^ Vvt^-> ^y^ LONDON, Printed by Adam lllip for Edward White J and arc to be fold at his iliop at the httic North dorc ot Pouls^ at the fignc ot'thc Ouii. A BOOKE OF SECRETS: Shewing diners waies to make and prepare all sorts of Inke, and Colours : as Blacke, Wliite^ Blew, Greene, Red, Yellow, and other Colours. Alsolo write with CmUl and Siluer, or any kind of Mettall out of the Pen : with many other profitable secrets, as to colour (^uils and Parchment of an\' colour : and to graue with stron:c. But the author neglects to say that the mixture is to be put into the empty eggshell, before it is laid under the hen. This curious receipt was (juoted in my first pai)er, (1888, §3). C2 /-. 1. 28 'Saltstone.' In Sup|)lement III. ^ 9 under this word I indicated that in translating ' Saltzsteyn ' 'saltstone,' W.F. had made a mistake for 'rock- salt.' I am not certain now that the criticism was justified, but, whether ox not, it is a more con- fused piece of nomenclature than I was aware of. In the first i)lace ' stein-salz ' is 'rock-salt,' natural crystallized salt which is mined, as at AVieliczka. In the second ])lace ' salzstein ' according to JJenecke and J^cxer is eciuivalent to S(»/ic Early Treatises on Techiiolin^ical Chemistry. 41 'salzkrystall,' which I take it is imich tlie same as the preceding. J^ut il is alscj cciuivalent to 'Pfannenstein,' tliat is the stony deposit or in- crustation which forms in the pans when the salt is boiled and which consists of difficultly soluble salts of lime and magnesia with other impurities. It is not (juite plain in which sense the word is used in the present receipt, and whether the translation is correct or not. Now, according to Murray, the word ' saltstone ' is equivalent to 'salzstein,' and signifies 'rock-.salt,'as he illustrates by various quotations. Again, if 'saltzsteyn ' in the receipt meant 'rock-salt', W.P. was correct in translating it 'salt-stone,' as ttiat was a current English word. But if it denoted 'Pfannenstein,' which is apparently the common use of the word, then 'saltstone' was not a satisfactory rendering of it. Perhaps the translator did not know there was any difference. C2 V. 11. 7-8 Between these lines another method is given in the 1531, 1537 and 1563 editions, ])ut omitted in the English : — 'Take tripoli with which the barbers rub their basins, and sugar Benit or candy : grind them with warm gum water, write with it, let it dry, and then rub it with the metal as above said.' The word 'Benit' is Middle-German for a species of barley sugar, made by concentrating honey till it forms a stick or rod. 1. II 'leaded pipkin,' German: 'verglassten;' 'soft fire,' German: 'kolenfewer.' C2 V. 1. 12 The translation seems to be the reverse of the original: 'setz es auff ein kolen fewr, thu jhm nit zu heyss, roste es wol, biss es Schwartz wiirt wie ein kol, reibs dann vff dem stein,' i\:c. the direction being to roast it well till it grows as black as a coal. 1.18 'leaded pot,' German: 'verglasten hafen.' 1. JO After 20 is a receipt in the 1531, 1537 i^nd 1563 editions, omitted in the English version ; — 42 Roval Philosophical Society of Glasi:;o7V. Take strained, or litiuid, or virgin honey (honig- seini) mix it with glue and write with it. Let it dry a Httle, then lay silver or gold on it and when quite dry, polish it. C3 r. 11. g-i8 This paragraph is not a very close rendering of the original. It is printed in the 1531 and 1563 editions but not in that of 1537. In the trans- lation the first paragraph about etching has been shortened and differently arranged so that it has become unintelligible. Shortly it is as follows: — Make a thick paste of lime-tree charcoal, vitriol, and salammoniac with vmegar. Then sketch or write what you wish to etch with red lead and linseed oil and let it dry. Then lay on the paste about as thick as the little finger, and heat it, short of burning it. AVhen it is quite dry rub off the powder, and wipe the picture. Another mi.xture was vitriol, alum, zinc sul- phate, vinegar, salt and linden charcoal. C3 V. 1. 6 The punctuation here , is wrong. Instead of 'Mercuric, sublimated victriall,' read 'Mercuric sublimated, victriall.' C3 V. 1. 14 The punctuation here is most misleading. After "longer" there should be a full stop and then a new paragra])h should begin and run thus: If you will grave any sunk writing or carving, then spread the iron or steel with a thin layer (jf wax, write with an awl or l)<)dkin (IMriemen) in the wax down to the metal, {)our I he water on it and it eats its way in. 1 23 'Tartarum,'' read 'tartar,' (jcrman 'W'einstein." W.V. uses the word 'tartarum' for two absolutely different substances. See ("1 f'. 1. 22. 1. 27 The translator has omilled from the original the words:- 'and that whidi )()u mean to clch and is to be raised or in relief, ilnnv with linseed oil and massicot (lileigelb), let it dry,' &c. as in the translation. 1. 29 'leaded,' German is 'glazed.' Some Early Treatisi-s on 'ft'c/i/ioloi^iail Chemistry. 43 C4 r. 1.3 The conclusion of this receipt is not satisfactory ; it may run thus: 'afterwards rub it off with ashes or unslaked lime, taking care that what you are etching is covered with the massicot, in all directions where it should be entire.' I. 6 'cut away the felhers," 'with a sharp knife' is omitted. 1. 7 the German is: ' that the skin of ihc ([uill be quite clean and smooth.' 1. 14 'strike them over with a cloath betweene two lingers.' The German is: 'spread on them a very thin coat of [)ainters' \arnish between two fingers.' 1. 18 'in the aire,' 'in a place where there is w> dust,' is omitted. I. 26 'leaded,' German : 'glazed.' 1. 27 'Greekish green.' See 1^4 ;-. 1. 7 and note. 1. 28 after 'mixed,' add: 'provided it is not made too thin with the vinegar.' C4 V. 1. 1 after 'warm ' add ; 'and moist.' C4 V. 1. 13 'aple trees.' See B3 /■. 1. 1 (j and the note. 1. 18 'green pils of walnuts.' The German is; the 'juice of walnut shells.' 1. 2T^ 'vnto a l)ord.' The (ierman is *ein schlechtes brett," 'a smooth boa^d.' 1. 25 before 'yellow,' insert 'green.' 1. 27 'stroke it ouer,' add 'quite thin with painters' varnish.' 22. To ensure accuracy and facilitate com{)arison, phototyj^es are here added of the title-pages of three of the editions which have been described in previous papers. They may be either kept here together, or distributetl in the volumes of the Proceedings where the descriptions occur. 'I'hey are as follows : — 1. ' Rechter Gebraucli d' .Alchimei,' 1531. JVoeeedings, 1888, vol. .\i.\., ]). 126. 2. 'A profitable Hook,' 1583. Proeeetiinj^s, 1888, vol. xi.\., p. 148. 3. ' I'.n liden dog konsterig Bog,' 1648. Proceedings, 1894, vol. XXV. p. 2 2^:-,. There are two or three other editions of which 1 hope to give similar facsimiles on a future occasion. I miflrtt/ ^.ont)etf a Wen fttnfi6rtrm ©ercfleutte «/ . in t>n^ au(]cr§a(6 fmra» §Kw(^ funflrtlkc nun^Iic^cntnni^dvpc^eiu^e^ . C^e0i(Tetr ii ^oo^anmmfilfi^^^. SOME EARLY TREATISES ON TECHNOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY. SUPPLEMENT V. JOHN FMEGUSON, LL.J)., EMBKlTfS CROF^SOK 01- CHEMliiTRV. THE UNIVKHSITV OF GtASGOW: GLASGOW : PRINTED FOR THE ROYAL PHILOSOPHICAL SOQETY OF GLASGOW. 1916. 4d r SOME EARLY TREATISES ON TECHNOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY. SUPPLEMENT V BY JOHN FEEGUSON, LL.D., EMBRITUS PROFESSOR OK CHtMlSTRY, THE L'NIVERSITV OF (JLASGOW GLASGOW : PRINTED FOR THE ROYAL PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY OF GLASGOW. 1916. [from the proceedings ok thk royal philosophical society or GLASGOW.] Some Early Treatises on Technological Gheniistri/. Supplement V.^ By Professor John Ferguson, LL.D. [Read before the Society, Wednesday, 9th February, 1916.] 1. In the second of these supplements, JilO, - reference was made to " A profitable boke (ieelaring dyuers approoved remedies, to take out spottes and staines," translated out of " Dutch," by Leonard Mascall. Six editions were enumerated, of which three had been previously describtxl from copies, the remaining three were taken from catalogues. 2. One of the latter was dated 15<<8, and the only accoinit of it that could be obtained was given by Maunsell and by Hazlitt. • ). Quite reeentlv 1 found a copy of it in the Huiiterian Library, and I take this opportunity of comparing it with the others. It will help to complete the list. ' It may be observed that a portion of the material in this paper was gathered more than twenty j'ears ago, and all of ii before 1914. - Proardini^s of the Royal Philosophical Society, 1909-10, .\U., p. I'iO. For some account of Mascall and his works, see Transactions oj tiie Ann- leological Society, N.S., Glasgow, 1915, VII. Pt. 1, " Notes on . . . Books of Secrets," § (3. i 4 The Royal Philosophical Society of Glasgoiv. 4-. The title pa l.")S8 edition are sinular to those ah-ead}- described. The title is as follows : — A profitable booke declaring dyuers approoued re- medies, to take out spottes and staines, in Silkes, Ve/uets, Linnen and Woollen Clothes. With diuers colours how to die Vciuets and Sylkes, Linnen and woollen, Fustian mid Threade. Also to dresse Leather, and to co- lour Felles. How to Gild, Gi-aue, Sowder, and Ver- nishe. And to harden and make softe Yroii and tSteele. Very necessarie for all men, specially for those ivhirJi ha,fh or xhall hdiw any doluyes therein irilh a perfite table hereunto, to finde all things readye, not the like reuealde in Eng- lise heretofore. TAKEN OVT OF DVTCHE, and englished by L. M. [Ornament.] 11 Imprinted at London by Thomas Purfoote, dwelling in the newe Rentes. 1588. Small 4'. A to Lin fours (J^4 blank) ; or pp. [2] 78 [6, 2 blank], I'.lack hotter : but most of the title and the headings of the paragraphs are in ininan. 'I'wo oiiiameiital capitals. The pages are numbered AV. instead of raye. Al Title; A2 to K4 Text; Ll-3 Tabic; LI blank. Some Earhj Tri'dtincs im 'J'lc/niD/oi/irtif ('In mlxlrif. 5 ■ ). As this cohcIikIcs the talc of editions at present known to ine, attentic)n may now he (hreeted to cei'tain topics wliieh have aiiscn in th(^ course of the research, hut ha\c not Ijcen (hscussed. Even supposintc tliat soine of the involved prohlenis cannot yet h(> solved, it will he convenient to have them enunciated, so tiiat they can he disposed of wlicn the facts have hcen ascertained. (>. One of the topics is tlie existence of a nunilnr of hooks, which, though not helonging to the two st-iies hitherto dealt with, are, nevertheless, linked to them, not only hy similarity or identity of theme, hut hy containing several of the Jictual receipts. In my attempt, therefore, to produce as complete a view of the suhject us practicahle, these books cannot well he passed over. Besides possessing intrinsic interest, they exhibit the vitality of some of the rec(Mpts. These reappear in collections ]. A word, or two, however, may be said about the man himself. 9. He was a native of Rufach"' in Uppei' Alsace, a small town on the Ombach, south of Colmar, and about halfway to Miihlhausen. It lias liad a stirring past, and it is not impossible tliat it may have its formcu- (^xperi(!nces, but intensified, over again before its future; is decided. I'hough 1 have not ascertained tlie year of his bii'th, it nuist have l)een in the early part of th(> sixtetMith century. 10. He is lirst heai'd of as I )iac(>nus at I'libingen, and in 1539 as the translator into German prose of tlie Comedies of 'IVrence, thus showing even then his liking for the drama. According to •"■ He calls himself Boltz von Ruffach. possibly to avoid confusion willi an old noble faniily of the .same name in Silesia. Ruffach or Rufach (called Ruheaquuni, Ruheacum, Rufacuni, and Kufiana) belonged to the bishop of Strasburg, but in spiritualities io the bishop of Basel. King l)agol)ert built there the castle of Isenburg, or Kisenburg, one of the oldest in Alsace and often the residence of tlie Merovingian kings. IJoth it and the town were harried with fire and sword by the Kmperor Henry IV., and again by the Kmperor I'liilip. In the war between the rival I'lmperors, Adolph and Albrecht, the town was besieged by the former, but it made so stout a resistance that he liad to wilhchaw on the advance of Albrecht. In 1 034 it was stormed by the Swedes, but taken again b)- the Imperialists. \n \iVii^^ it was captured iiy the I'lmch rmni Colmar. Theft was punished at Rufach with such vigour lliat llie coninion saying was that "the okl gallows at Rufach does not want for stout oal<.'" It must liave been something like the kind gallows of Orieff. A modern castle has l)een erected on King Dagobert's old foundations. The district was called Mundat. or Munus datum, because it was given in renee. Holt/ says that from Terence, ajid Plautus, and Virgil, he had learned to understand the " Ijatin Evaiigelium," .sY/rrr/ »",(■ //?vYy//(^////,s. Km- as (hnl hath given us the fine arts through the heathen, who so de.spistvs art, despises God the giver, and then Bolt/, lilames the (h^rrnans for neglecting their own language, which c(>itaiidv was crude; enougli then/' Degen had a great o])i)n'on of IJoltz, even though he admitted that his diction was rough. 11. As its readers were unconscious of this ilefect, the transla- tion was successful. Tt appeared first in 1539, witlnmt place, but probably at Tubingen ; then in 1540, there ; * in 1544, 1559, and 1567. Degen gives a specimezi of the translation.''^ In 1546 Bolt/ was preacher— Spitaljn-edigei-, or Spitalpfari-er- at Basel, and his earliest play, "Paul's Conversion," was put on the stage in the same year. An account of this event is giveji bv Pastor .Johaim Gast in his Taifohxich, or diary. "^ He als(» expres.ses a I'ather unfavourable criticism of Boltz as a preachiM- and of a sermon he delivered on Ascension dav (May 10th), 1548, and complains that in the sermon he advanced nothing w(»rthv '^•f * ■* Johann Friedrich Degen, Versiic/i eiiicr vollstiindii;eii l.i/teiatiir di r deutschcn [/ebcrscfzi/in^ru drr Roi>i exact. The following version is fuller : — I'ublii Tcrentii -Vphri seclis verleutschle co- moedien auss eygen angehorner Lateini- ■schcn spraach. auffs Irewlichsl Irans- ferirl. (ielruckt zu Tiihingen von I'hich Morharl. MW. 4". " A German translation of Terence had been printed at Strasburg by Griininger in 1499, probably before Bolt/, was born. '^ Edited by Buxtorf-Falkeiscn, Basel, 1856. 8 I'he Royal PhUoxophical Society of Glasgorv. leaint'd man. If one may judge by the quotations given, it must have been a sermon to the people, in the people's language, with illustrations and appeals that the people could understand and respond to. Boltz, possibly, had his own opinion of his con- temporaries as they of him, but whether they approved or not, he played to his audience in the pulpit, as well as on the boards, and he was apparently fully appreciated in both roles, for crowds went to the sermon. 12. His greatest literary work was the drama, " Weltspicgel," the "Mirror of the World," which was acted on 11th and 12th May, 1550. The charactei-s — mostly allegoi-ical — amount to 158, and the play is a sort of satirical review of life as it then appeared. It was printed the same year ■' at Basel by Jacob Kiindig, and again in 1551. A new edition appeared in 1891.'" Boltz's third play, the " .Anointing of David,"' was performed in 1554, and was published in that year. It is a dramatized version of the history of >Saul and David, and it also involves a large number of actors, amounting to sixty-two.' ' ■'The first edition, 1550, is of the utmost rarity, the only copy known, apparently, being that described by lirunel, Manuel dii I.ibrairc, Paris, 18(50, 1. col. 1080. He also mentions the other two dramas : " Pauli Bekehrung,'' I}a.sel, 154() ; " Oelung Davidis," Basel, 15.i4 ; and quotes the prices (a few francs only !) which they fetched at different sales. "'This reprint of the 1551 edition is contained in Sclnveizerischc Schau- spielc des Scchszehnieii Jahrhitiidcrts, bearbeitct . . . iinter Leitung von Jakob Biichtold, Zuricii, 1891, vol. ii. pp. 113-153. The text of the play is preceded, pp. 99-112, by an introduction about Boltzs life and writings by the editor. Dr. Albert Gassier. lie merely refers to the lllumimrbuch by name, but says notliing about it. ' ' There is a copy of this book in the liritish Museum (11745, l^bb. 7). The title is as follows : — Oelung Daui | dis dess Jiinglings, \ and | .sein strait wider den Ri- | sen Goliath. | Durch Valentinum Boll/. | von Ruffach. | [vignette] Gedruckt zu Basel b\- iiarlholomc | Stahriliii. 1554. I It is a small 8vo, a to 1 in eights, m tliiee leaves, the fourlh (blank ? or with a device or colophon ?) wanting, and is neatly printed in various sizes of type, with head and tail pieces. The vignette is a tentefl field, with David and with ( ioliath in iiis panoply in the foreground. ( )n b7 verso is a wciodcut of Samuel pouring oil on David's head. If the other ])lays are got up in the same style, the three would form ;i rhoicc morsel for the book lover. Sotiic Earhf Treat Oil's on 'ri-i-liitoJini'iriit ('himistrij. '.) Other plays are iiK'ntioiied as having Ijcin wiitten by I'oltz, but they do not seem to have been printed. 13. Besides the plays, a translation in \ers(! is attributed to him by Graesse, ^- which I liave not oUsi-rvcd quoted bj' any other authority : — Senece gsprachbiichlein wider dii; umcrsehenc zuffil (A'n vers rimes.) Basel, Jac. Kiindig, 1552, in 8°. Av. fig. en bois. (?,th. Heyse.) Bolt/.'s death is said tu have occurred in 1 500, at Bingen in Badt;n. 14. Into the meiit of these plays it is not the business of the present. paper to inquiie. They have been reviewed ^'^ and their importance appraised as illustrative of the then mode of thought, the manners and customs, and the morals, or want of them, which the preachers of the period fulminated against. Jiut it is as well to know that our author was more prominent in dramatic and other literary piu'suits, than in the obscure art of illumination. 15. In the midst of all his preaching and play-writing and acting, one rather wonders how he found time to acquire the knowledge and skill which his book about colours and illumina- tion shows he possessed, or to practise the art as he nuist have done. But, howevei- it is to be accounted for, the book was certainly written and published by him, for it is referred to by his biograjahers. The subject, however, seems so incongruous with his other occupations, that it is not sui'prising that the plays and the book on colours have been assigned to different authors. 16. Whether the date of the first ech'tion be 1517 or 15-49, does not affect the value of the book as being the liist of a contenqiorary series which traverses nearly the same grountl as that done by the KvusthiirhJlu, but, with certain exceptions, furnishes a different set of receipts, besides treating of a subject not alluded to in any of the other books. On the other hand a large portion of its contents has been transferred to the Sccrt'i't- Boeck of Carolus Battus, to be mentioiied subsequently, « here it accompanies receipts contained in books already anah'si'd. I tideed '- 7'ri'sor (A' /./rres A'a/cs c'/ JVc'i/eitx. Drcsde, IS.V.I. I. 478. "By Gessler already quoted, and liy Jacob Biichtold, it'is first edition was ])riiit('(l at an eaily date. They may be enumerated. 1<'^. 1547. The following notice is i;i\en by Christophorus Hendreich : — ' ' BoLTZirs Valcntinus Rubeaquensis. De coloribus eoruraqiie pncparatione, Mixturis. Item nonnulla secreta pictune it aliarum artium. Basil. 1547. As the othei' editions which he enumerates are preceded by the word " Germanice, ' one is almost justified in assuming that this edition was in Latin. No other of earlier date is recorded, so that it may be considered the first, until one before it is found. Only Hendreich refers to this edition, but he gives no description of it. 19. 1549. Farbbiich oder llluminierbuch durch Valetim"! Boltz. mdxlix. Getmckf. zii. BamI, vffdcm Xiiircii Plntz, hjj Jacol) Kiindi;/, in-12, de .■!72 pp., 118 fig. s. bois. This is th(^ title as given by P>runet. ^ ■^' He adds this not(^ : — " An interesting book for the history of tlie art of miniature : it describes the composition of all the colours employed at the beginning of the XVIth century; M. Didot is of opinion that the title-page of the liegister is a composition of Holbein's." Tlicjc can be hardly a doubt about this edition. It was printed by Kiindig, who also printed " Der Weltspiegel."' A point of importance, however, is the inmilx'r of woodcuts it contains, for in that respect it dillers fiom all the later editions 1 havi^ examined. Moreover it appears to bo considerably larger, because the 16.'50 edition, for exam})]e, contains only 131 i)ages, with 7 of index. Wlictlier this (lilTcrence be due nierelv to the '* randiilii' Ihandeiilmri^iiiF, Berolini, Ui!>9, p. (i.S4. ^'' Man III I dn l.ihraire, Supplcnunl, Talis, 1S78, I. col. l-4'.t. ]5rimet unfortuiKilely dues not .say wIktc lie saw lliis copy. Some Earlif Treatises oii 'rechiiolinfuud iHuunsI nj. 11 style itf printing, or perhaps to the illustrations, or to an actual cui-tailnient of the matter in later editions, 1 am unable to say, as I have not seen this book. Nor is there any account nf the oinaiiu'ntcd title-page ascribed to Holbein. 20. It is from these entries one infers that the ijook was published iirst in Latin in 1547, as Hendrcich implies, and that it was almost inuncdiatel}' turned into German and published hi 1")49. On these points there is uncertainty from want of copies, but whether or not there was a Latin edition to begin with, there was none afterwards, so far as 1 know. It seems quite certain, liowt^ver, that there was a Gf^rman version in 1549. Brunei could not well have invented the title he gives : he must have taken it from a copy, for it is obviously genuine. ■_'l. The edition of 1549 is (|uoted also by Graesse, '" as follows : — Neu herfiirgesuchtes lUuminirbuch kunstlieh alle Farben zu machen uud bereiten etc. Basel, Jac. Kiindig 1549, iii-S. A v. fig. en bois. (Uth. R. Weigel.) This title diverges so widely from Brunet's as to engender doubts. When the following list is examined it will be seen that Brunet's form of the title with the word " Farbbucli " does not occur again, while Graesse's form does not appear till 1645 and 1()61. Of the editions whicli 1 have not seen I can, of course, .say nothing, but, the edition of 1550, presumably, will either resemble its predecessor of 1549 and contain the worri "Farbbuch," or it will have dropped it and intioduced the form which is found in the edition oi 15(56, and its successors. As to that of 1579, it will probably be tlie same as that of 1566 or 1589. The following ([uestions, therefore, remain unanswered, for want of data : — 1 Is the title, as givi-n by IJruuet, eonijilete, or has il been curtailed, or is it merely descriptive \ ■r Is Graesse's version of the title c-omplete, and, if so. what has become of the word " Farbbuch .' " 3"^ If Graes.se's be the full title, why was it altered subse- quently by the omission of the introductory worils .' "'• '/'n'sor dc Livrcs Rairs et /Wiutiv. Dresde, IS.IO, I. p. 478. 12 Thr Roijal Fhilosophicfil Soriffy of Glasgotv. ■4 Why was Graosses version returned to after the lapse of a hundred years ? 5" Is it possible that the book was issued m 1549 with two quite different title pages ? 22. All these difficulties miirlit disappear if one could lay hands on a copy of Iviindiir's edition and on those of 1550 and 1579 as well. In their absence, however, 1 am inclined to regard the title given by Brunet, if not complete, as more nearly genuine than Graesse's. In the latter case it is difficult to reconcile the late form with the first publisher, or to believe that Graesse had a copy of the book before him and did not transfer the entry from Weigel's second-hand book-catalogue, price and all. If so the burden of the anomaly falls upon the dealer, and not upon the Dresden Royal librarian, but it is remarkable that on this occasion Graesse should have passed Brunet by, from whom he has taken so much for his own book at other times. This edition is not included in Hendreich's list. It is referred to in passing by recent writers on Boltz, but without detail, and without displaying an}- first-hand knowledge, so presumably it was not examined. The biographers, moreover, seem to attach no importance to this aspect of Boltz's activities, for th(>y have said nothing about it, thereby displaying their own want of knowledge and appreciation. The fact of its being foreign to his other work should have emphasized its individuality and significance. lUit then they knew nothing about the subject.' " 23. 1550. After the entry of the 1547 edition quoted above Hendreich adds: " Germaiuce, F. a. M. 1550." Appaiently he did not know the iiasel edition of 1549, and the word "Germajiice," as has been already pointed (Jut, seems to impl}' that the 1547 edition was in Latin. I have not seen a copy or any other notice of a 1550 edition. Could there have been so brisk a demand for the book as tt; necessitate such a rapid output? It is possible, and theconsumpt may account for the scarcity of all three editions. The run iijion them, however, seems to have stopped as quickly as it arose, for '" l*crliaj)S .Sclificr may l)c excepted. He Says : " Beside.s tlic drama and pnacliiiif; IJoltz understood llie leclmifiuc of painting. Ili.s Illuminiiliuch. 1.'349, leaclics the preparation of ctjlours.' Alli^enieiiw Deitlsclu- l^ioi^rapliie. Leipzig, 1876. III. 11-1 : Iml lie ma\- iiave copied tlial from Graesse. Sonif' PJurlij TnuUlses oit, Tecltituhxilcttl CU'iitlstiij. 13 there is no indication of Boltz liavin^ hiought out an edition between 1550 and 15(50, the reputed year of his d(!ath. In fju;t the next edition I have n\v,t with d'\i\ nut ajjpear till six years later. 24. 1566. The following account is taken from thc^copy whieli is in the Bx-itish Museum [104'J. c. -H. (l.)| and is the c^arhest edition 1 have seen. T [ 1 1 u m i n i r - -^ buch, Kunstllch] alle Farben zumachen vnnd hereyten, Allen Schreibern, [Brieffmalern], vnd andern solcher Kiinsten liebhabern, gantz Iti- stig vnd fruchtbar zuwissen, [Sampt etli chen newen zugesetzten Kunstucklin,] vormals ini Truck nie aussgangen. [Durch Valentinum Boltzen von llufach.] [15] [Vignette] [60] [Den Innhalt dises Biichlins, sampt dem Register findestu am ende, iVc] Small 8'. A to H in eights, T four leaves : or, ft'. [2] 60 [6, llegister]. Title red and black ; the i-ed parts are within heavy brackets. The vignette is a representation of the tools used in illuminating. On the recto of the last leaf, [iiij., after the index, is the colophon : — Gedruckt vnnd vollendet Jm Jar nacli der Geburt Christi 1 .566. There is ni-ither place nor pi-inter"s name, but from iIh- tlorid capitals emi)loyed it may have emanated from Egenoltt's pri'ss. The type is smaller than usual, but, from its neatness and the clear spacing, it is much mori" legible than the onhnary con- temporary printing. Altogether it is a rather elegant little book, far superior to the later issues. The printed p.iuv measures 4 ,"*., inches. 14 Thf' RoijfiJ Phi/osophical Society of (rlasffdn-. This coj-iy agix'cs with the otlier.s of latei* date wliich T have had for comparison, l)ut, as ah'cady remarked, it is difficult, to reconcile its size, pp. l-!2, with the 37-! pp. of that of 1549. The 11 (S woodcuts of the latter also present a difficulty, for in none of the editions I have collated are there any woodcuts, and, truth to tell, one does not very well see what the)^ could he used to illustrate. The 15(i(i edition is included hy Graesse, hut bv no other authority 1 have ccmsulted. 25. 1571. An edition of this year, in 8" at Frankfurt, is mentioned by (xi-aesse, but bj- no one else. 26. 15(S9. The edition of this year is one of those known to Hendreich. There is a copy in the British Museum [1043. b. 41. (2.)] of whicli the followinj? description may be given. [ I 1 1 11 m 1 n i r b u c h K ii n s t 1 i c h all v F a r b e n z u m a-] chen vnnd bereyten, Allen Schrei- Inn-n, [Brieti'nialeiii,] vnnd andern solcher Klinsten liebhabern, i^antz lllstiij; vnd fruchtbai' zu wissen, [Sampt etlichen neuwen zuge- sezten Kunststiicklin,] vormals im Truck nie auss- gangen. [Durch Valentinum Boltzen] von liufach. [Vignette.] [Den Innlialt (Heses Biichlins, sampt deni] Register tindestu am Fnde, ite. 1 5 S !) . Small Svo. A to 11 in eight.s, llviij is blank; or, ffi [2] 55 [6, IJegister and colophon] [I blank]. Title I'cd and black ; the red parts are put within heavy brackets. The vignette is identical with tliat in tlu^ loOd edition, but the book itself is not nearly so neat and attractiv(\ Some Edrlif Treatise's an 'ricfiuohx/iral (Jhennstrij. 15 The colophon is on Hvij recto, as follows : — Getruckt zu Franckfort am Mayn, bey M a i- 1 i n Lee h lorn, In verleguni^ P)ar1)ara, weilandt Doct, Johannis Cnipij, vmid Maria, weilandt Pau- li Steinmeyers, beyder nacligelassen Witti- beii, als Christian Egenolffs seligen Erben, Jm Jar naeh der Geburt Christi, vn sers Erlo- sers. [Device] M. D. LXXXIX. The device is Egenolff's : an altar with fire burning on it. The printed page measures 4y"|j inches. 27. The 1613 edition is also in the British Museum (787. c. 2. [2.]), and is as follows : [ 1 1 1 u 111 i n i !• 1) u c h, ] Darin begriffen, ^^/"[ie man al- ▼ ^ le Farben machen] vnd liereyten soil: Allen Schreibern, Brieffmahlern, vnd andern solcher Kiinsten Lieb- habern, gaiitz lustig vnd nutzbar zuwissen. [Sampt etlicheii iiewen zugesetzten Kunststiick-J lein vorinals in Truck nie aussgangen, Dureh [ V a 1 en t i II u HI IJoltzen \t>u llufach.] [Vignette.] [Den Inhalt dieses l^iichleins, sampt dem] llegister findestu aui Ende, i\:c. [Franckfurt bey V'^ineentio Steimn. Kil''..] Small .^vo. A to F in eights, G four leaves ; oi-, pp. 98 [(>, Register]. Title red and black ; the red portions are those within lieavy brackets. The vignette is the .same as that in the ir)(iG edition. 16 lite Royal Philosophical Society of Glasc/oir. There is a eoloplioii nii Oiiij r/^rso, after the "Register" : — Ge<]ruckt /. ii Davinbstatt, bey Bal- tliasai- Hofmaun, in Verlegung Vineentij 8teinmevers, im Jahr 1613. The print+^d page, exclusive of tlie head-line and the catchword line, measures 4{j^ inches. This edition is given bv Hendreich, both under the title : "llluniinir-Buchlein," and the Latin title: " D(> coloribus eoruiiique pra-paratione, . . ."" Whether he thought these were two separate works or not, 1 am unable to say. The 1613 edition is not nientionerl anywhere else. I'S. 1630. The next edition is not in tlie British Museum, a)i(l is not referivd to in anv of tin- notices or lists. [ I 1 1 11 ni 1 n 1 r b LI c h , K 11 n s t 1 i (• b a 1 1 e F a r b e ii z u III a c li e 11 \ n (1 b e r e v t e n, ,\. 1 1 e n S c h r e i - ^ beru, Bri(>ff uialerii, vnd andern solcher Kiin- .sten liebhabern, gantz lustig \"nd fruchtbar zu wissen, Samptettlichen newen zugesetzten Kunststuck- lein, vornials im Truck nie aussgangen. Durch ^ A" a 1 e n t i n u m B o 1 t z e n v o n J llufach. [Den' Inhalt dieses Biichleins, sauipt demj Register findestu am Ende, etc. [Vignette.] [Gedruckt zu Strassburg, bey MarxJ von der Heyden am Kornniarkt, 1630. Small .'^vo. A to I ill eights; or, pp. [-1] [1-2] 3- (mis-printed 2) I.; I |!» Kegistei- (Contents)]. 'I'itle red and black, the red parts arc within heavy brackets. The vignette represents the top of twfi tables, on which are lying the pencils, pots, saucers, etc., used in illiiMiinating. Some Earl If Tri'rn, viid aiidern soldier Kiinsten Lichhiiheni, n'aiit/ lustiy viiiid fnichtbar zu wisseii, Sampt etlichen newen zui^'esetzteii Kunststiickleiji, vornials im Truck nie aiiss!j^an;?eii. Dm-cli ^' a 1 e n t i 11 u in I' o 1 t z e n \ o n |{ ii f a c h . j \'i<(n('tte. I Den .1 11 h a 1 t dieses H ii e h 1 e i n s, sampt deni Register findestn am Ende, i^e. H a in b u r g, bey H e i n r i c h W e r n e r n. Gedruckt Jm Jabr HUT). 8mall Kvo. A to H in eights: or, p]j. [4] 114 [10 Registerj. The vignette is a coarse copy of that in the 1566 edition. The printefl page, exclusive of the headline and rule, and catchword line, is +|^ inches. Som(> are 5 inches. This edition may be compared with that of 1661. It is this version of the title which is given l)y Graesse as that of the edition of 1549. The copy described is in the British Mu.seuin, 1043. b. 41. (.'5.). 30. With regard to the following Danish translation, it is a coincidence that it sln)ukl prove to be immediately connected with tlu; two Danish tracts alread}^ referred to in the first supplement so long ago as 1S1)4, at which time 1 had no inkling of a third part. The connection may be thus demonstrated. The first tract is entitled : CEconomia eller midvendige Beretuing oc Anleding, hvorledis en gandske Huuszholding )iaa det n\'tteligste oc beste . . . Kand anstillis. It is a translation from the (Jcnuaii, of a liook by Caspar Jugel on Household Management, but it has nothing t<) do with the subject under consideration. It is in 4 , -signatures A to E in fours, F '1 leaves, or pj). 41 [2, table of contents, 1 blank]. In the British Museum copy this is followed bj- the Danish translation of the tract on inks and colours, etc., ascribed to 18 'Jlie Koijal Philosophical Society of Glasgoiv. Alexis. It has a sepai-ate title-page, pagination and index, but the signatures are taken up from those above and run on from G to O in fours, P 2 leaves, or pp. 64 [4]. The first tract was mentioned incidentally, but the second was described and analysed in the first supplement (§§11-12).^® Sub- sequenth' I obtained a separate copy of this tract and from it was taken the facsimile of the title-page which was appended to the fourth supplement.'-' The British Museum copy of the third tract, being the translation of Boltz's book, is bound apart from the other two in a different volume, and there is nothing in the Museum Catalogue to indicate that it is a portion of a volume, though that is clear from the signatures, as well as from the printer, the date, and the t}'pography of it. The curious thing about this volume is that the parts seem to have 1)een sold each by itself or collectively as was desired. Since the parts are ct)mplete in themselves no one would suppose they had connection with any other, except for the running on of the signatures in parts II. and TTI. I have not seen a sepai-ate copy (jf the fii-st part, but no doubt it may be met with. 31. 1648. The following is the title from the Museum copy, 1044, d. 9. (1.).-" En Xy oc Konstrig I 1 1 u n^ i n e r - B o g Det er : Hvorledis konsteligen er at giore oc berede alleslags FarfiVer, som er meget lystig oc gafiiilig at ^■ide for Skriftvere, Malere oc aii(li-c som I'lske saadan Konst, .sampt nog- le nye tilsatte Konst-stycker, som til- forne aldrig ere udgangne paa Prent. Ved Valentinum Bo It en aff llufach. Oc iiu paa Danske udsat, oc til Trye (•ken forfo'i-diget. Tryckt i KiohenhaH'ii, Aar 1648. Air Petei- Hake. I'aa .lorgeii Holstis Bogf. Bekostning oc findis hos hainiem tilkiobs. — . * — •^ Ih'oceedhios. 189:i-!»4, x.w., p. 232. ' ' J'rocei'diiia^s, 1912- 13, xliv. , plate viii. ■-'"TIk- acconipanyinjj fac-simile cxliihiLs the appeaiance of llie tillc-p:iL,'c'. It sliouUi 1)C r(;ni|>aic(l witii that of the .second tract in Supplement IV., refeircfi In in nole l!t. aliove. wm aK4» «S»» 'tVf «S^ ut one advice lie gives Snmi' Miirlif Trt'dtlstK <,ii TcrlnidliKiK-dl ('luniislr!/. 1\ wliicli is to see that in inakiiii;- the <;(j1(1 i^iduiid the skv is free £ri)iii clouds, just like Bia/il colour, which must also have a bri^'ht sky ; "this cxpcriciicc has taught me," he adds.'-' Various ways of prepai-iii<^ mosaic ,u'old, as it was railed, are given, but they all turn on the use of tin, mercurv, or tin- amali;am and sulphur, with salamniimiac. The details are full and precise, and the vessels required are described. One or two of the methods appear in certain of the earlier receipt books. Anothei* material employed wjis h;«matite, an ochreous eartli, tlie best coming from Africa and Arabia, and api)arentlv much the same as ruddle. .39. With this begins the second pai-t of the first rlivision relating to colours. Among the reds the first is artificial cinnabar, made by heating together mercury and sulphur. The receipt is the same as that given in the previous series. Boltz, however, adds the medimn, white of egg prepared as detailed in the first part. Anther red colour was made from Brazil-wood by boiling it with lye, straining and adding powdered alum. Modifications yielded different tints, but the essential constituents were alum and the Brazil-wt)od colouring-matter. Othei- lefl coloui-s were lac, dragon's blood, sarcocolla, and red lead. A brown colour was obtained frou) Brazil-wood and white vitriol. Liver colour was got from mixing ruddle with the black or grey residue of calcined tartar. Fii-e colour was a mixture of orpiment, a little ciuTiabar or massicot and red lead. Another was aurum musicum and red lead. Several yellow colours were known. What was called rauschgelb, seems to have been a mixture of realgar and sattron. Boltz warns the artist not to let it into the mouth, and not to temper it with gum arabic. "Orpiment is a dangerous but beautiful colour. When grinding it see that your mouth and nostrils are covered to stop the dust and fume. Temper it with parclnnent glue, or gum water, and see tliat you don't lick the hair pencil with this colour on it, for it is hurtful ; ' so that is an old trick of artists! Massicot is one of the yellow colours, but there is no hint as to - ' Compare "A Booke of Secrets. " B, rer/o. reprinted in ."^upplenient I\' rro,,:i/iiii;y\ 1912-13, vol. \liv. See also §.")(), below. 22 Tlte Eoyal Philosophical Society of Glasgoiv. its formatiou, onlj- its purification, for use with parchment ghie. Buckthorn berries give a \-ellow colour with ahim, and another was the flos tinctorins (or dutch pink) used by dyers. The flowers were boiled with lime, the liquor strained and treated with finely powdered alum and chalk, but care was to be taken that it did not fly up when the chalk and alum were mixed. Saft'ron tempered with Avhite of egg medium, orpiment ground with goat's or bulloch's gall and saS'ron added, and ochre were employed. Green colours were of both mineral and vegetable origin. Verdigris was made by the action of vinegar on copper. Greek green, as it was called, or Spanish green, was made much in the same wav. Sap green, from hawthorn berries with alum, was a lake, like most of these vegetable colours. The blue colours were azure, smalt, ultramarine, litmus, woad, indigo, the juice of dane wort berries, and some others. Con- siderable attention is given to these. The mode of preparing a purple colour from bilberries is stated in terms identical with those in the Knnstbuehlin of 1537. Compare " A Booke of Secrets " in Supplement IV. Bo verso. Among other colours is one deiived from wood soot by boiling with a sharp lye and straining. It was used for shading. Black was a fine charcoal made from peach stones by heating them out of contact with the air. AVhite colours consisted of white lead, made from lead by hanging it in a vessel with strong vinegar in a warm place "for three or five weeks.'' As the \-essel was closely covered the product could hardly be the basic carbonate. Chalk and eggshells and powdered glass were also employed. A gr(^y colour was obtained from these by adcHng a little indigo and l)lack as was leqiiisitc. A dun colour was made l)y mixing ochre and soot colour. +0. The .scconil dixision of the tract contains directions for using tlic colours and nicdiunis in the actual work of painting and sliading. It ai)p('als specially to the artist and illuminator as being of impoitance to him in his choice of colouis and their coMiltinati(»ns, i)ut as it does not invohn' any clieniical process or action, it lies outside the sco})c of these notes. It reveals, liowev(^r, the pleasure which ihf author Ivid in the art, and his eiitluisiasiu over the beauty of tlie results. 11. The third division is rather miscellaneous, 'j'here is a Some Ei Treat ixi's on Tirjuiiitiujuiil ( 'hcniistrif. 'J3 way to ri'iidci- purclunent colDiircd ;uul tnuisparent, tod tools do half the work. So with painting : good Itrushes make merry painters, but bad brushes breed many a bungler." and he tells how to set about making good ones. 42. Etching both in relief and incised is described. Tn tlie former case the design was made on a plate of iron or steel, with a mixture of massicot and linseed oil, and when it was dry and firm, a liquid consisting of verdigris, plumose alum, salammoniac, tartar, green vitriol, common salt, all in strong vinegar, was poured on the plate till sutHciently corroded. As a glimpse of empirical chemistry it is instructive. The sunk etching was done in the usual way by coating with wax, drawing the design with a sharp point and corroding the metal with a mixture of verdigris, corrosive sublimate, green vitriol and alum in strong vinegar. Feathers and bone were coloured red by boiling in Brazil wood ; green in verdigris and salammoniac ; yellow in barberries, and blue in bilberry juice ; but all feathers, bone, hair and wood must be previously "mordanted"'^- with alum. Various methods and mixtures are given for " lutum sapienti;e," but the main constituents are fire clay and horse dung, or iion filings quicklime, white of egg, in different combinations. Another was potter's clay with cow hair or Hocks, or horse dung. These werv him, howcxcr, that calls foi- notice here is the SoiiH' I'Jdrli/ 7'r'iifi.^i-s 11,1 7'i'c/i/i(,/(it/l,a/ ('In'mistri/. 25 paiuplilet afort'saitl, of which I have seen copies of (i\f e(Uti<»ii3. These do not exhaust all that were published, for iIk-ic was certairdy one earlier tliaii any I liave met with, and it is |> ] »■■' drosses Universal Lexicon, Halle u. Leip/ig. 73."). xii.. col. 1.S03. 26 Thf Royal FhUosophical Society of Ofas(jo7v. Small 8vo. A to E in eights. No pagination. Title red and black, the red portions are indicated in this and the other transcriptions by being enclosed in heavy brackets. There is no table of contents or index. On Eviij. recto is the colophon : — Gedruckt zu Witteberg, Durch Lorenz Sclnvenck. 1 r> 7 4 . The verso is blank. This edition is not in the British Museum. The book is dedicated to the Honourable and Prudent " Ern Busso Sandaw," burgher and councillor at Halle, and the dedication is dated 1567, so presumably it has been reprinted from the edition of that date. Apparently it was the habit of the Halloren and the Hallunken to drop their h's. 48. 1590. This edition is in the British Museum, 725. a. 15. (2.). Kunstbiichlein [W'ie man auff M a r m e 1 s t e i n , K u p f f e r , M e s - J s i 11 <;• , Z i h n , S t a h 1 , E y s (> n , H a r - nisch vnd AVaften, etc. Etzen, viid kiinstlich vergiilden sol. Mit vorgehendem Bericht: [ W i e man D i n t e n , D i n t e n - pulucr, Presilgen, vnd alle MetallfarbenJ zum schrc'iben. ManclK^rlcy Farben, Perganient vnd Federn zu ferben. Alle Metallen aus den Fcdern zu schreiben. Gold vnd Silber Fundamentleiu, vnd Goldwasser auff allerley Ballerey, vnd derglei- chen nielii-, niacheii vnd temperiren sol. [Z u d i n s t vnd 1'] li r c n a lien S c li i- 1' i -J belli, auch den vnerfahrncn dcr Etzkunst, zusaiiimen hracht Durch [ A n fl )■ (• a 111 H e 1 m r e i c h , R e c h e n - J iiieister zu Hall, \'(>ii ncweiii \ liiTsclien, geuicli i-et \ nd gebcsscrt. Small Svo. A to I'l in eights. No )>agiiiati<)ii. 'i'itle red and black. The bonis contains neitlier talile of contents nor alpha- betical index. Sdiiii' I'jiirlif Trial isrti mi 'I'lrli iiiiliii/iriil (' lii'tnixtflj. '11 Oil Kvii j, n-i-U) is the colophon : — (J('(h-iU'kt zu lx'ij)/.ig, bey Jijhau : J-Jeyer. •Ini Jahr : M. I). XC. This is a r('|>iiiit of the ITjT I edition, l)ut it contains half-a-dozun additional paragiaplis, whicli appear in suhsje(|uent editions also. The dedication, as in the 1574 edition, is to the author's good friend, " Errn Busso Sandaw," and is dated 1567. 49. IGOl. This also is in the British Museum, 10:^(5. a. 10. [ Kunsthiiehiein. W i e m ci n D i n - ten, D i n t e n p u 1 u e r , P r e s i 1 ] gen, V n n d a 11 e M e t a 1 1 f a r h e n /. u ni schreiben : Maneherley Faiben, Parga- nient vn Federn zu ferben : Alle Mi'talli'ii aus der feder zu schreiben : (iold vn Silber Fuiida mentlein, vnd Goldwaseer auff allerley Ballerey, vnd deigieichen mehr, machen vnd teniperie- ren sol. ^ J t e ni , \\ i e ni an auff M a r - nielstein, Ku})ffei\ Messing, Zihn,J Stahl, Fisen, Harnisch vnd Waffen, kz. etzen, vnd kiinstlich veigiilden sol. Zu dit'iist vnd Ehren ^ A I 1 e n S e h r e i b e r n, S c h ii 1 e r n, v n d J der Etzkunst vnerfahrnen, zu.sarfien ge- bracht, vnd auU's new geniehret Durch [ A 11 (1 r e a m II e 1 ni r e i c h, W e e h e n - J rni'ister zu Halle. [tSeroll ornament. | [ ( ; e d r u e k t z u Stettin, Anno 1 <> 1 . ] Small Svo. A to \\ ill eights. No pagination. Title red and black. There is no table of contents or inde.x. On Evij. verso, innuediately after tlu- text, but separated by a typogiaphical ornament, is the colophon : — Gedruckt zu Alten Stettin, durch Jochiiii llheten. Jill .lalirc M. D. ('. I. followed by a .small ornament. 28 The Royal Philosophical Society of Glasgow. JCviij., probably blank, is Avanting in the B.M. copy, as well as sheet D. It will be noticed that the title in this edition is arranged in an order different from that in the others. The dedication also is called " Preface to the Reader," and to suit this change the introductory and concluding sentences are modified, though the body of the address remains the same. The date, 1567, is not altered. 50. The following edition, uiulated, but early in the 17th century, is not in the British Museum. [ W i Kunstbiichlein, man a u f f Marmelstcin, Kupffer, Messing, J Zihn, Stahl, Eisen, Harnisch und AVafFen, itc, etzen, vnd kiinstlich vergiilden sol. Mit vorgehendeni Bericht : [ W i V m a n I) i n t e n. Dint e n p u 1 v e r, Presilgen, vnd alio Metallfarben, zumj schi-eiben manchcrley Farben, Pergament vnd Federen zu ferben : Alle Metal len aus der Feder zii schreiben : Gold vnd »Silber Fundament- lein, \iid Coldwasser auff mancherley Ballerty, vnd dei'gleichen mehr, machen vnd tenipe- )-irn sol. [^Z II Diciisl \ 11 d Khren alien 8chrei-J hern, audi den Vnerfahrnen aller Etz- kunst, zusammen bracht, Diiifli [A 11 (1 r V a 111 Mel in r e i c li , II e c li c n -]| uieistcr /.u Ilailc. \i)ii iicwen vbei'seheii, gemchret vnd gebessert. [Leipzig, licy Nicol. \iid Christoph. Ncrlicli.] Small S\<). A to 10 ill eights, lOviij. hlaiik. No pagination. 'I'itic red and hlack. No date. 'I'here is no table of contents or index. Tlie receipts added to the 151)0 edition are reprinted here. Some. Early Trrafisfs on TedinoltKiii-a) (!heminlry. 29 The address, dated 15G7, is now diicctcd to " Herr Biisso Sandaw." 51. The next edition is in the Britisli Museum, 104 1. a. 1 I. ( 1.). Kiinstbiichh-in [Wie mann auff M a r in I! 1 s t e i n , K u p f f c )• , M e s - J sing, Zihn, IS t a hi, Eysen, Harnisch vnd Waffen, etc. etzen vnd kiinstlich vergiilden sol. Mit voigehendem Bericht : ^ W i e man D i n t e n , I) i ii t e n puluer, Presilgen, v ji d alle Mi- tall] farben zura schreiben, Mancherley far- ben, Pergament vnd F(;dern zu ferben. Alle Me- tallen aus der Federn zu schreiben. Gold vnd Silber Fundamentlem, vnd Goltwasser aufl'allerley Ballerey, vnd dergleichen niehi-, machen vnd tempeii- ren sol. f Z u Dienst vnd Khreii alien Scln-ei-J bein, auch den vnerfahrnen der Etz- kunst, zusammen bracht- Durch ^ Andr(>am Helmreich, l\echenmeistei- ] zu Halle. Von newen vbersehen, geniehret vnd gebessert. Small 8vo. A to E in (ughts. No pagination. No date. Title red and black. No tabk^ of contents or index. On Eviij. verso, immediately after the text, is the eolo})lion: — Gedruckt zu Franckfurt an di-r <>- der, durch Nicolaum Voltzen, Jji vorlegung Nickel Nerlich. This edition agrees with that of 15!)() in containing the additional i-eceipts. The dedication is reprinti-d. It may be remarked that the various editions ;i))prari(l at different places or l>y different printeis. 52. Tn the dedication of the book to his friind and pati'on 30 The Jioijdl PhiloSDphicaf Society of Glasgow. afoi'esaid, Heluireich, like IJoltz, indulgt's in tlie laiulatiim of the arts and of the skill of workers, which is not only a divine gift, but which has divine sanction, as lie illustrates by the example of Bezaleel and Aholiab and Hiram of Tyre. After expounding this topic he adds that he too had found pleasure in pursuing the art of colouring and of etching on metals, on armour and on weapons, as opportunity offered, and had brought the subject into order in a little book, together with what more especialh' belonged to pen-writing, with which he was every day occupied. This manual he had published (urged thereto by many friends, altht)ugh he had for certain i-easons refrained for a long time from complying) with no other object than to oblige his friend and well-wisher and put it out under his name, begging him to accept the small compliment, and to Vie gratified with the great diligence exhibited by him in it. 53. Helmreichs book runs almost parallel with that of Boltz, but with a different pur|)ose. For whereas Boltz treats of painting and illumination and hair pencils, Helmreich deals with inks and quills, and there is not so much in common as one might expect. 54. The Kitnstbiichlhi is in four divisions. 1° Black ink. 2" Coloured inks. 3° Prepai'ation of metals for writing. 4° Etching on marble and metals. Undei- these heads are also some miscellaneous receipts. 55. In the first dixision the author describes the materials for black ink : galls, copperas, gum arabic, vinegar, urine, salt, alum, stale or stagnant water, and then follow certain curious directions, one or two of which are a little superstitious. The essentials are galls, copperas, gum and water, along with one or more of the others ; but the details of preparation are different, as well as the time spent upon them. Helnu'eich goes into this minutely and di.scu.s.ses the uses and merits of the constituents and of the products. It is noteworthy that none of the pr^)ces.ses correspond exactly with thost' contained in the Kininihiichllii of 1537. 56. The second di\ision is concerned with coloured inks which also are diffei'ent from the earlier preparations, though the materials are ])retty nnicli the same. For red ink digest Hra/.il-wood in beer or wine ; let it stand Some Earljj Tri'(tf,isi>,s on Technologiail ChemiHtrif. 31 f)ver night and "in the morning when the sky is l»cautit"ul and clear," ^^ boil it to half its l)ulk. Then add alum, and gum arabic, stir and boil again, uIIom- to eool, strain anfi you will get a fine red ink. But, if you want it to be brown, add a little chalk when it is boiled, but take cai-e it does not run over. Tliis receipt is not in Boltz's form, but the reference to the clear sky and to the effervescence points either to a common source or to Helmreich having transferred it from Boltz aftei' his own fashion. Another red colour is got from ciiuiabar, but he does not say how cinnabar is to be made, but only how it is to be tempered. The other colours are briefly treated. The yellows are orpiment and lead yellow, w^hich are pigments and not true inks ; blue, azure ; white, white lead ; green, bilberry juice and alum, ground with verdigris and tempered with gum water ; nightshade leaves, or rue, also afforded a green colon i-. A few paragraphs are devoted to the colouring of paichmcnt and paper. The parchment was nailed out on a smooth Ixiard with the hair side outwards, and the colour was spread upon it. For black was used pine or rosin soot tempered with gum traga- canth and thin glue ; for 3'ellow, Inickthorn berries with gum arabic, or with vinegar and alum : for red. Brazil-wood extract; for green, verdigris ground with buckthorn juice ; or berg- griin -'' and verdigris with glue water, or buckthor?i and l)ruised daisies : for blue, azure in pui'e thin glue, or bilberries with alum, tempered with thin alum water ; foi- brown, Brazil extract and Avhite vitriol, tempered with a little gum arabic. Afterwai'ds the parchment or paper should be gone over with thin varnish. The dyeing of feathers is carried out with the same colours and in almost the same way as presci'ibed by Boltz. Foi- black the feathers are cleaned, steeped in ahnn water, allowed to dry and treated with galls, and wallnut shells and white of egg. The process as given is rather elaborate. For green, verdigris and salammoniac in a copper vessel with vinegar were u.sed, the feathers being turned round and round in the coloui-. The feathers, prepared with alum, were innnersed in Brazil colour ' * See §38 above. *"* This seems to he chrysoiolla, copper silicate. 32 Till- liiii/dl /'Iii/(>s(>j)IiicaI Scclefi/ of Glasyow. to make them red ; for bi'owii, white vitriol was added, and for yellow, buckthorn berries were employed. After they are eoloured and thoroiiohly dry the feathers sliould be varni.shed. 57. The third dixision dcsi-rihes the mode of preparing the metals for writing w itli a pen. For this purpose a (iiiantit\' of common salt was fused and allowed to cool. Then the metal was ground with a portion of it along with gum water an hours so as to crush and break up the gold, after which the gold was w^ashed from one vessel to anothiM- and finally prcsersed in a mussel shell to be used as required and tempered not with gum but with Tlorenwasser.-'' 59. There is a " watei- '" which reduces all metals to a powder fit for writing with. it was madc> with .salt, salanimoniac, sal alkali, xcrdigris, feather alum, green \ itiiol and alum, giound to a fine powder, urine pouted on and the whole allowed to stand for nine claj's in a vessel closed with wax. The water becomes of a fiiK! green colour, it is decanted oil', and when a nietal is put in it it falls to pow^der. The powder is washed, tempered with gum and used. It shines like a mii'i-or. But one does not (piite follow the j)rocess or the action of the licjuid. The metals so picpaicd, mixed with veiy strong gum tragacanth, are used for writing on wood. For laying gold or silver on glass or harness, not gum, but '•"' ( "()ii(iiiit 111 pipe water ? Sou/r /•Jiir/i/ 'rriiil if«-s nil Ticli iii>lii fouruJatiMii.s lui- .^<)id and .sil\er, as in the gilding of hooks, and consist of various •^unis. Tlie mixtures ure empirical and invohc no cliemical action. Characteristic of tlie authors own needs are the ri-ceipts for making green and nd .seaHngwax, the proportifins varying for winter and .sunnner. The materials were wax, tuipentine, olive- oil and verdigris. Ked wax was similai-, l)ut C(»ntainerl einnahar. 61. Another requisite tor an accountant was a note hook, or tahlet, on wiiich he could write and nnkon. It was made hy burning the leg hones of sheep to an ash, grinding it fine, mixing it with wai-m thin i;lue and sj)reading it on parchment. Tt could be made vell<'W witli sallVon and covei'ed with thin Danzig varnish. 62. Th(^ fourth (li\ision ri'lates to etchinu and tin- first receipt is to etch on mai'hle. It is notable as an example of a process empirically stiecessful, without any knowledge of the materials and actions involved. Lapis emediti.s (the very name is inaccurate), a red hai-d stone, is ste.(>ped in a(|ua forti.s, bi'ok(>n down in a mortar, grouiid to dust on a hard stone and levigated. When the powder is dry it is rubl)ed \\\> with lin.seefl oil and a few droi)s of varnish, and it is written with on the marble. It is dried on a stove till it is (juite hard. The stont; has a border of yellow wax put i-ound it : aipia fortis and vinegar in etjual proportions are poured on, and the stone " boils." When W\v li(|uid is run otl", the stone is examined to see if it has gone deep enough. Tt takes about an hour or more. Tt is not said how the wi-iting paste was to he removed so as to leave tlie characters in relief. Another mixture for writing with was levigated massicot, ground with linseed oil. This was u.sed foi- metals, copper, tin or brass, and the etching li<|uid was a mixture of alum, verdigiis, salt and .saltj)etre ground tn powder with sharp vinegar and poured on the metal. Etching on iron or steel, on ainidur and wi'.ijxms, was a more elaborate atlair, .so as to get a good result. The writing liipiid was the .same, but the etching licpiid consisted of -verdii^ris, white vitriol, salannnoniac, corrosive sublimate and saltpetre mixed with sour beer. After standing for a night it was jiouretl warm upon the steel, until it had corroded it sutliciently. after which 34 The Royal Philosophical Society of Glasgo?v. the metal was washed, treated with quick lime and rubbed. The yellow colour was removed by fat or tallow, and the plate carefully cleaned. 63. Elaborate directions are given for gilding on iron and steel. A "goldwater" was made from copperas, alum, white \-itriol, feather alum, sal gem, and common salt, but the author seems to have omitted verdigris. With this water the metal was inscribed, when it became of a copper colour. The red poitions were treated with mercury, and the gold was laid on the mercury, and pressed down, and the object heated to volatilize the mercury. Afterwards it was cleaned very carefully and the steel heated till it had a fine blue colour. The other method of etching is also described. The metal was coated with wax, the writing or di'awing cut through it with a sharp point and aqua fortis poured on. Other ways of gilding and etching are described, liut the materials are pretty much the same. Silvering on copper or brass was effected by spongy silver precipitated from the nitrate. The concluding paz'agraphs contain metliods for making fine glue. 64. Not very many of Helmreich s receipts occur in the earlier books, l)ut a few are to be found in Etlliche Kilnste of 1563, and two or three resemble corresponding receipts in Boltz's Jllnntiiiirbuch. III. Cai{olu.s Batin ok Battus. 65. In the third Supplement-" to my "Notes on Books of Receipts," )*eferencc was made to a collection in Dutch of which two editions were quoted, one dated 1601, in the Biitish Museum, the othei- dated 1609, in my own possession ; the earlier one anonymous, the other with the name Carel Batin, respecting whom 1 had at tht; time no information. Although the contents were rehearsed pictty Inlly, it was not observed that certain sectiojis coi'r(!spondefl to some of those in the Recfitfr O'ebrexch d'Alrhihiei, described in 1886. The Dutcli book, however, '" 'I'laiisai lions of the C,las};oiv Anliicoloi^iial Society, IMidS, in. \i. WiVa (Reprint 1.S9K, Siii)i). ill. pp. .S!t-40). Snii/r I'Jiirlii 'I'ri'i ill SI'S 1)11 'I'l'i-h iiiiliiii'ii-iil ( 'hfiiiislri/. .'55 iiicliulcd so iiiiicli iiioic that the reix'ijjts in (iuc.sti(jii ucic lost siylit of. Rc'ct'iitly I .yot another Dutch collection, which, as it was nominally by a tlifl'erent author, I did not at tirst recoj^nize. Examination, however, jufived that it was another editicjn of the book wliich had been described as Hatins, and this led to a comparison of its contents with those of the other inenibers of thf; series which have been so lon<; midei- I'cxiew. 66. In this last edition the authoi' was called Carohrs iJattus, which afforded a fresh clue, as this name occurs in some of the biograpiiical dictionaries, thou;;h not much is said aixjut it.s owner. What the reason was for this channi- of name is not explained, but, so far as he is concerned, it has had the effect of making him the theme of biographies which do not tallv so well as could be desired and which leave some importont matters in doubt, moie particularly his parentage. 67. According to Jocher-" he was a son of Hartholonueus Battus, and therefore a brother uf Levinus Battus, a [jhvsiciau and chemist, who practised medicine at Antwerp, Hamburg and Dordi-echt towards the close of the sixteenth centur)-, and wrote an epistle included in the Misce/koiea of H(>nricus Smetius, his cousin-german if Jocher be correct, besides medical and chirurgical works, including the book of Seci-ets. This is repeated In' Panckoucke, -'■' but the relationship with Bartholoma'us Battus is not coniirmed or even I'eferred to by any authority T have l)een able to consult. 6S. Indeed when the amount of his conti-ibution.s to medical literature is considered, it is remarkable how his name has In^en passed over by writers from whom one woulil ha\e looked for information. He is omitted by Adamu.s, ''" by Andreas,''^ by Stolle,"'- and by Manget.'''' Only tlu' " Epistola? "' are quoted by Van der Linden,''* and Mercklin,''-"' omitting Carolus -* All,i;c>neiiies Celilntfii- 1 twiioii, Leipzig, IT.IO, i. S.Vi. -'■' Hio_!riaphu Medicah\ I'aris. IS-Jd. ii. p. ."{.'t. '" ]'itir Ciennaiioruni Mediioruni. 1 laidelbcrtj.v, Ki'iO. •' ' Bibliotkcia Bcli^ica, Lovanii, l(i43. ■''- Anltitiiiii^ zitr Ilistorii- der Mcdiciiiisilun Ge/a/irJteit, ]m\\:\. \~'.\\. ""' Bibliotheca Sniptontm Mediiorii/ii, Gi-ncv;i.-, 1731. "* De Soipfts Mi-dicis lihri duo, .\mslclro(la:iii, U)37, p. 94. ^'' Liiideitius reiiovatiis, Norimbergcu, 1>J8»), p. 3)&. 36 The lioijal Fhilotfophiral Society of Glasyotc. altogethei', assigns them to Coiiradiis Battiis, a son of Levinus above mentioned. Zedler"'" mentions him, but suppHes no dates and no parentage. Paquot ^ " calls him a Flemish writer of the sixteenth century, "unknown to our book-sellers," who was " Medecin ordinaire " of Dordrecht in 159.'i and 1598, and who translated several medical and chirurgical books into Dutch from French and German, of which he enumerates five with their editions. Van der Aa^*" calls him a Netherlander, who was town physician (Stads Geneesheer) at Dordrecht from 1593 to 1598 (which is difierent from Paquot), and who trans- lated numerous medical wc)rks into Dutch, of which a list is given. 69. The most recent account is that by Ph. Blommaert,^^ which supplies some additional information. He is entered undei' the name Baten, not Battus, and is said to have been bom at Ghent in the middle of the sixteenth century. On the arrival of the Duke of Alba, he, sharing the reformed views, quitted the country and did not return till after the troubles were over. Then on his appointment as town physician of Dordrecht he settled there and became highly esteemed. 70. In none of these is there any mention of his ]>iii('ntage or account of his early life or education, though they all agi'ee in stating that ht^ was a physician at Dordrecht, but we are not left entirely without a notice of it. The following thesis is extant:—*" Propositiones cle Morho Gallico, de (piilius Doctore Henrico Broucjeo Pi'ivside, respcm- debit pro gradu licentia?, Carolus Battus. Disputabitur autem die. Septembiis in auditorio niaiori. 1569. liostochii in ollicina Jacobi Lucii. Small 8vo. A in eights ; no pagination. Printed in italics. " Grosses Universal /.iwicon, IlalK- ii. Leipzig, M'.^'.). III. cnl. 7'i-. ^' Rhhiioircs four servir a V Hist aire litU'rixhy lies iii.\-srp/ l'ro','inccs des Pays-Bas . . . Louvain, 1703-70, ii. (1768) p. (i71. '" Hiographisih Woordenbork der Ncderlandcii, Haarlem, ISAS, II. i. p. 170. ^^ Biographic Nalioitale ptiblii'i' par l\\iadi'inie Royalc d(s Stietues, des Icttns ct dcs Ih-aux-Arls de Bcli^iqiii , r.nixelks, l.S(i(i, i. cols. 77'2-77.S. ^" British Museum, 1179, a. 2. (1.). The only aulhoiilies who inciuinn this thesis, so far as 1 have observed, are I'anckoucke and Van der A;i. S'>)ii/' Knrlif Tn-atiscs on l'i'r}ianhiiiii-a\ ('lu'.iuintry. '-^1 Al title, verso bl;uiU. A2-8 recto, Pi-opusitioiies, f)0 in all. A8 verso, blank. 71. From this it may be inferred that on the arrival in 1567 of the Duke of Alba as Governor of the Netherlands, Carolus Battiis, when he left, removed to Rostock, studied at the University there, and graduated in medicine in 1569. Assuming that he was then twenty-one years of age, the yeai* of his birth would be 1548. He may, however, have been young(T when he graduated. 72. For some time lie puisued "chymistry" and "chymical' medicine, but when he saw that others, much more })roficient than himself, could do no better than the ordinary physician, he turned from it and went back to the Hippocratic methods. After settling in 1 )oi(lri'cht he devoted hiinself to pi-actice and to writing and translating medical and surgical works. An enumeration of these would be out of place here, but tlu>re may be mentioned, as illustrating his literary diligence and the success of his wt)rks, which were in considerable demand if one may judge by the number of their editions, the following treatises. Wirtminys Work on Mfdicinf : (rui/lemean's IVorks on. Snrtjerij and Ojj/if/i ffi, 1 blank]. Tiie frontis- piece (included in ihc pagination) icpresenis I'ausL within a magic circle encompassed hy demons and monslrositics. on the walcli loi liim to come out. lie looks at liis wit's I'nd and ralhcr imhapi)y. The sci'ne is laid in a Wood. I Sonir Karly Trcdt/isi's on 7'f.chnofof/ical Chf/mistrij. .'59 press. Considering too that Caiolus Hattus was a "partisan nf the new views," the printer may have secured In'iii as the translator, though then^ is always th(; possihiHty that it was some other Carol. B. Medic, who was the translator. That, however, is not probable. 76. Another treatise was written by him, also on a topic apart from his usual pursuits, nanKily on the soul of man and its immortality and the difference between it and that of irrational animals, a position which would find numerous assailants at the present day. 1 have not had the fortune to see a copy of the book, which is probably not without interest. The title, as quoted by Blonunaert, ^ ■' is as follows. T hav(! not seen it referred to by anyone else. Van de ziele des menschen, ende van de on- sterffelickheydt des menschen ziele. Waerin door vele natuerlike redenen ende sterke argu- menten, door diversche schriften der philosophen, sommigen oud-vaderen bewesen, ende door de H. Schrift gheconfirmeert wordt dat de ziele des menschen niet en is te vergelycken met de ziele der onvernuftige dieren, dat oock de ziele des menschen (jnsterffelic ende onver- ganckelic is. Tot Dortrecht, by Alex. Canin, IGOl : in 8vt). 77. Reserving the " Secreet-boeck " for special notice, reference may be made to the letter which he wi'ote against Dr. Josephus Michelius, a notable Paraciilsian, which ai)peared in the collection made by Henricus Smetius. Miscellanea Hcnrici Snu-tii . . . medica Cum prajstantissimis ([uimiue Medicis . . . couuuuiiicata, et in Libros XII. digesta . . . Anno MDCXl. Impensis Jon;e llhodii, . . . Franc ofurti . . . 8vo. Books V. and VI. treat of Paracelsus and his opi)onents. Book XII. contains twenty-two h-tters about Paracelsu.s, which passed between Leviiuis IJattus, at Ro.stock, above mentioned, *'' Bioj^rufi/iif AW/oiia/e . . . dc H>ii;i,/iu\ Uruxelles. 18(56, I. col. 773. 40 77/'' Ri'i/(il Phil()si>jilii<-erson's supervision. 79. Regarding his parentage it may be usefid to sunnnarize the arguments for and against Carolus Battus being a son of Bartholoma-us Battus. The facts wliich may be ipioted in supjxirt of .focher's state- ment are these. He was born at Ghent in tlie middle of the sixteenth century. He left Ghent on account of the religious troubles in 1567, when the Duke of Alba, arrived as governor of the Netherlands. He went to lvi)stock and graduated in 15(5!). A letter by him was printed by Smetius, assigned ei-roneously to Conradus Battus, by Mercklin. There is no great weight in these facts, l)ut their pertinency depends upon their flates and ui)on their cunuilative effect. As few dates are given by the chroniclers, one must fall back u})ou inferences. 80. Baitho]om:eus Battus was boin at .Most about 1515, and died i)i January, 155S, ** when he was presumably 43 years of age. He had a famil)^ of nine children, and he may hav(> been married wlien he was five and twentv, t>r perhaj>s even younger. His V)ook, published in .August, 155S, was dedicated to his sons Peter, Joannes and Ijcxiinis, wlio was I)oin in 1545. Assuming that these sons aic in order of seniority, the eklest may liave been '' l'Aij,'aie ("oL'iiuins (Hio};iafelgi5S. the dale of llie dedication of his hook. Hul lu' has forgotten tliat at tliis time the year was reckoned from March. Ii \\n on account of a thrc^at of renewed persecution he travelled to Kostock in 155(5, where lie died two years later. There is no lividenci' of the date of his iinjirisonnient, hut from the figures now given it must have heeii in I54."i or 1544, and he settled in Ghent about 1545. 81. TjeA'inus, ' •'" his son, was born at (ilieiit in 1545. After his schooling and two years in Antwei|> stiidvinu mathematics, he followed his father to Rostock, sjieiit a eou|ile of years there, went to Wittenberg t() h(^ar Melanchthon and graduated in 1559, aged fourteen. His father was then dead. S2. What bearing has this on Caiolus Battus ? He was born at Ghent, left it in I5()7, and liiadiiatiil in medicine at Ivostock in 15G9. If, like Ijevinus, he graS, II. jjp. 6(59 and 670, and also in the Hiographii: Natioiiak . . . de Be/xii/iu , lS»i(5, I. cots. 771 and 77''>. 42 Thf' Royal PhUotp. 14G-.'3r)G in the edition of 16()i), or to pp. 5-220, and pj). 221-57."^ in the edition of 1661. Tliis, liowever, requires coiitinnation. Only th(! first part about trees, llowns, etc., is (|Uoted by Blouimaert. * " 87. 1599. According;' tt) Panckoucke ' " there was a tran.s- Uition into EngHsh of th(> Secreet-boek, pi-inted at Ijondon, 1599, 8vo. 88. 1601. The next edition of tlir Seereet-l^>oeek whirl i [ have seen is that of KiOl. ft is unnecessary to go into details about it, as I printed an account of it in 1S!)8,''' but the title and collation may be repeated. Secreet-Boeck | waer in vele diveische Secre- \ ten, ende herrlicke Consten in \celdei- leye verscheyden materien, wt seker Latijnsche, Frausoysche, Hoochduytsche, ende Nederlandt- > sche Authoren, te samen ende by een ghebracht ] /.ijn : Waer van iXcn meestendeel der voor- | schreven Authoren nanien daer by \ gheciteei't worden. [Device. | Tot Dordrecht. | By Abraham Canin, Int ] .laer ons Heeren, 1601. Small 8vo, A to Z in eights, A to D in eights, E one leaf; or 4 pp. prelim, and te.xt, pp. Hi), so numbered, but pp. 180-189 (inclusive) are numbered twice. Black letter. The device is a lion holding a book. The preliminary pages i-ontain title, privilege-, and author's preface. This copy is in the British Museum, 103G. c. o. (2.). *' Bii\^^>a/'hie j\a/iona/c . . . de Bc'/i^ii/ur, Hruxclles. ISCiti, I. col. 773. *^ flh^rafhh- MAiii-alc, Tails, 1S20, 11. p. .S.".. *'■" 7'iaiiiiKtioiis of ike A)r/iiiolo,i;i not seen these editions. ^" '/'ratisac/ioHS, >j^r., Glasgow, 1S!IS, .N'.S. III. '.VM. (l\<.i)riiit. Sv\\)\). III. p. -10.) ^' Paiideil,, liraudciihitri^iiif. I'ciolini, lti9!t. lol. .f.7/. ''^Grosses Universal- Lexicon, Ihilleiind Lcip/.iij, 17-^.'{, 111- I'l'l. Sovif Early Traalinvx mi 'I'l ilniiillaek letter, including the section titles : Init tiie title-page, preface, head lines, titles of the paragraphs and index are in roman. i)(). 1()()4. Secret boek van heerlyke Konsten in veelerley Materien. Ijeeiiwaarden, 1()()4. Svo. This edition is mentioned l»y Paiickoueke.' ' I liavr not seen it. 97. This is an extensive hut rather miscellaneous gathering, and Battus has laid the leading secret-mongers under contri- bution, not always with discrimination. A considerable part of the book does not concern our subject, hut he has included many receipts and processes which were already extant in the Knnst- ''" Riographie Ali-dicah. Paris, 1S20. II. p. -'C). 48 The Ruyal PJiUiMophical Society of (Jlasgoir. hiirhlin, and othei'S which are given by Boltz and Heluireich. A short enumeration of them will suffice to exhibit the con- nection between these books. The edition of Battus's work oi 1661 as the latest known to me may be vised for comparison. 98. The first two hundred pages or thereby treat of the ele- ments, the body and mind, various diseases, beasts, insects, reptiles, fishes, birds, plants, and metals. Then he deals with the metals, in particular copper, hardening and softening of iron and steel, etching upon them, the colon i-ing of metals and laying one upon another, several of which are in the Kinistbdchlin of 1537. A section which has been treated more fully than in most of the other books is that upon taking out spots and stains, for effecting which several of the receipts in the Kunsthiichlin have been copied. 99. Under the title of "The Secrets of Illumination and of making all sorts of colours," Battus has appropriated nearly tlie whole of Boltz's book, with the exception of the division about painting and shading and a receipt here and there, but liattus practically begins with tempering mediums, and (Mids with the receipt how to strengthen porous paper so as to kee[) colour from soaking through or running, just as Boltz does. 100. The foregoing receipts comprise all which are in the 1609 edition connected with the present subject, for those which come after i-elate to quite other topics, meteorology, cookeiy, distillation, the making of oils, balsams, and so forth. In the 1661 edition, however, thei-e is an appendix which includes the making and preservation of wines, the preparation of colours and of inks, and the secrets of writing. 101. The receipts for colours correspond with those already described, as far at least as the materials are concerned, but the methods of preparation, though with ])oints in common, indicate either a diJierent .source, or else considerable revision and extension of the oldei' inethods, besides some additions to the niateiials employed. Among the concluding paragraphs, how- ever, iivv some which agree almost vei'bally with those in lioltz s manual, and some that are identical with tlK)se in the /(iinnt- hiirhJiii of 15.37 and tiie FjlVtrhc Kiins/i' of I56.'>. The analogies will he best luidci'stood from a tahular airangement which I h<>p<' to iiK-lude in tlie next Su)>)ilemeiit. Some reci'i|)ts F have not siicceeiled in tracing to their prohahle sour(!(!S. Some. Eavlji l^'i'af is''s <»i, Tt'i-hmtloiiirnl ('lnmt!r. from the outer one radiate nine groups of lines. The two ornaments are quite dissimilar and are easily identified. Various typographical differences might be pointed out, especially in the relative position of the signatures to the text in the two issues, which prove that the book was set up twice, at any rate. 109. The next edition is in the British Museum (T. 501. (1)). Das aufs neue | wohl zuberitete | Tinten-Fass: | oder, I Anweisung, | Wie man gute schwarze, biuitfarbige, | auch andere curiose Tinten auf mancherlei | Weise zubereiten, auch wie man uiit Gold, Silber | und andern Metallen aus der Feder auf Pappier, Per- | gament und andere Dinge schreiben [ soil : | Nebst noch andern | zur j Schreiberei | gehorigen nohtigen und nlitzlichen Stiicken. | [Vignette] Dritte vermehrte und verbesserte Auflage. | Helmstadt, | Zu finden im Ruchlad(Mi. 1733. | Small 8vt). A to D in eights ; or pp. (U. The vignette is an inkbottle with a (juill pen in it. This edition contains a number of receipts not in the previous editions, but the others are i-epeated without change. 110. The " Tintenf ass " seems to have had as great an initial success as Boltz's manual, for this is the fourth issue within three years. When one recalls the skill and practice recjuired for making a <|uill pen, long before th(> iridium-pointed gold pen was dreamt of, or the fountain-pen, a revived invt^ntion of the eighteenth century, was introduced, and remembers the atti- tudes assumed by untrained youth in tlieir early attempts at "putting pen to paper," which had to be corrected, the writing masters of a luiiuired and fifty years ago may have made their pupils l)uy tliis book in order to 8tiid\' the eighth and ninth chapters, and so exhausted the editions. \yv that as it may, the demand in this case also secMus to have suddenly ceased, for there was notlhiiL; more of the l)ook till I79l', and when it did appear it was under a new name. If there w(M"e editions in the sixty years" interval, which is not unlikely, not a sign of one has (;oine before me. I'hcy mav, however, have been published under other names, in which case oidv chance might bring them to one's ac(|uaintan(e. Some Early Treatises on Te.ehii,oJoiileal (Jheinislrif. 53 111. The 179'J edition lius llie following title: — Gelieimnisse, aller A r t e n Tin t e n /.u miichen, und niit Musclieln, Gold und Sillier v.w schreiben. [OiiicUiient.] Leipzig und Alton;i, hey J. H. Kaven, 1792. Small 8vo. A to f) in eights. D 8 is blank ; or pp. [1-3 J 1— G2 [2 blank] Ornamental head- and tail-piece. 112. It is not necessary to enter into an examination of this book for the more important parts, the materials and methods, have been discusseil already under Helinreich. As for the chapters about writing they are apart from the present subject. V. Fleckenkunstlek. 113. The last of the books which 1 have to refer to is " Der Fleckenkiinstler." The. author's name is not indicated, and the edition to be described is the only one known to me at present. There may be others which T have failed to ob.servc. Its title is as follows : — Der vollkommene Fleckcnkunstler; eine Anweisung alle Fett-Rost-Dinten-und andere Flecken aus Gold und silbernen Stucken, und seidenem Zeuge, Sammct, Scharlach und anderen Tiichern, wie nuch aus Papier herauszubringen nebst vielen bisher geheim gehaltenen Kunsten von Farben und Firnissen. bei Tobias TioetHer in M.iniilieim 1797. Small Svo. A to D in eights, E seven leaves; or pp. [2] 78. E8 has been used for the title-leaf, cutoff, and pasted on in front. 54 The Rnyal PhifosophicaJ Society of Olasgoic. 114. The title: Der vollkoinme7ip FJeckenkUnstJer, or, "The Accomplished Smudge- Artist, " is rather a misnomer, for while the first sixteen pages describe methods for removing spots and stains from a variety of fabrics, the remaining four-fifths of the tract are occupied with cures for diseases, with colours and varnishes, with inks, witli metal-work, with destruction of vermin, general and personal, and with a lot of miscellaneous receipts. The compiler, whoever he was, had no thought or care for his reader, for he has not arranged his receipts, say 190 all told, systematically, and he has not compensated for this defect by an alphabetical index, or even by a table of contents. Of these receipts most are of comparatively late origin, but a number are extant in the older collections. 115. Of the first section about removing spots and stains, not one is taken from the earlier works, or corresponds to any which were reproduced in Supplement IV. The substances used, how- ever, were effective enough, Venice soap, almond soap, ashes, salt of tartar, and these causticized with quick lime, but some are included of which the detergent properties are not obvious. These are succeeded by the treatment of various diseases, both of men and cattle, which is empirical and sympathetic and useless ; tlien come cements for broken i)ottery, ne.\t the destruc- tion of vermin, in the middle of which receipts are introduced for black ink. The first is one marked N.B. in the Tliden- fhfis of 1732, so that it has probably been copied from that book. There is a resemblance in one oi' two others, but it is not conclusive as to copying. A method for feeding horses and cattle economically, one to destroy field mice, and a cure for epilepsy, are followed by three receipts to make tempering waters for illuminating, taken almost verbatim from Boltz, along with those about isinglass, gum tragacanth, and varnish for parchment. Several others are aildeii which do not occur in the older books. Receipts for colours : purple, rose red, green, have been already (juoted. The concluding paragraphs deal with a variety of topics. One is to draw the green colour from copper, so that "it will never be green again, hut remains permanently white," a statement which gives a glimpse of ideas, old ones, which were still ci^ri'cnt at the end of the bStli century ; but another is to whiten it by treatment with arsenic. The process in given in detail. Varnishes, oil colours, gilding, silvering and coppuring of earthenware and etching iipjii iron Some Early Trea(ise« on Tcrlitioloi/irtil f'heniinh-y. 5f) are described briefly. The ctcliing agents and the nietliods are similar to those already refei'red to. The Fleckenkihislh'r is a poor higgledyi'lggiedy pri.duction, and, except that it contains excerpts from books two hundred and fifty years old, wuuld not have been included in the present lists. 3 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY Los Angeles This book is DUE on the last date stamped below. ^'AHGE-c UHi '(^:f'' 11979 Form L9-50w-4,'(51(B8'J94s4)4 1! ^f^2U Ferpuson - T^^F^s Some early treatises on TecTTholopicai chemistry! Z A3^F3s UCLA Young Research Library Z5524.A35 F3s y UC SOUTHERN REGIONAL LIBRARY FACILITY nil ll'lll" '' '" ' 'il ! 11 !'