PATRIOTIC ILLUSTRATIONS FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS WILL. H. BROWN Patriotic Illustrations for Public Speakers BY WILL H. BROWN Author of ' ' The Call of Service, " " The Legacy of the Golden Key, " "Illustrative Incidents for Public Speakers, " "Wil and Humor for Public Speakers, ' ' ' 'Poems of Pep and Point for Public Speakers, " "The Sex Life of Boys and Young Men," Etc., Etc. CINCINNATI The Standard Publishing Company Copyright, 1919 The Standard Publishing Company DEDICATION To the Instructors of the Youth of the World Parents in the Homes, Teachers in the Schools Workers in the Churches, and the Leaders in every Organization looking to the right guidance of Boys and Girls, who will be the Men and Women of the Coming Generation. "Train up a child in the way he should go, and when he is old he will not depart there- from." Prov. 22:6. Loyalty to the welfare of humanity must rest upon an understanding of the rights of human- ity. A properly instructed and guided child will produce a Loyal Citizen. 2033445 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION PAGE The New Patriotism; The Conduct of Nations; Real Patriot- ism Exalts; Beginning of a New Era 7 CLASSIFIED ILLUSTRATIONS SUBJECT PAGE Activity 11 Agitation 12 America 13 Appreciation 16 Belgium 18 Bible 19 Brothers 23 Brotherhood 25 Camouflage 36 Character 41 Childhood 50 Coincidence 53 Comradeship 55 Conservation 58 Consistency 59 Co-operation 61 Courage 64 Cowardice 69 Cruelties 71 Death 83 Deception 85 Deficiency 87 Disease 92 Dogs 95 Duty 97 Economy 98 Educational .. .. 101 SUBJECT PAGE Efficiency 104 Emblems 113 Equipment 120 Faith 123 Financial 127 Foresight 129 Freedom 132 Gratitude 136 Greed 138 Hatred 144 Helpfulness 145 Heroism 151 Home 154 Honor 157 Indians 160 Industry 161 Information 168 Initiative 169 Justice 171 Letters 175 Love 178 Loyalty 179 Memorial 190 Morale 192 Morality 198 Mortality 200 Motherhood .. .. 201 CONTENTS Music 207 Names 218 Negroes 221 Optimism 223 Orphans 225 Patience 227 Patriotism 229 Perseverance 231 Personal 236 Personality 237 Pioneers 240 Prayer 244 Preparation 245 Protection 248 CKOSS-BEFERENCES.... Providence 251 Religion 253 Sacrifice 261 Salute 269 Self-control , 270 Service . 273 Slackers 283 Spies 286 Strength 288 Temperance 289 Thoughtfulness 292 Training 293 Treachery 295 Womanhood 297 301 INTRODUCTION THE NEW PATRIOTISM;. Man has been taught for ages that patriotism is: "Love of one's country; devotion to the welfare of one's country; the passion of inspiring one to serve one's country." America's participation in the great world war has enlarged that definition. It must now be: "Love of the world; the passion inspiring one to serve humanity." America, of all nations, was best fitted for setting forth the larger meaning, for here all races have a home under the flag that spells freedom wherever it waves. In one training-camp on American soil were the sons of parents who came here from fifty-seven other countries, from the uttermost parts of the earth, to find a home where justice reigns. Yes, stalwart, loyal sons, ready to fight for world freedom, whether it be for brave little Belgium, struggling for its very existence, or for big and ponderous Russia, with its 170,000,000 inhabitants; for the people of a nation fighting against an out- ward foe, or for those of a nation oppressed, deceived and threatened by their own heartless, autocratic rulers. America stands for the liberty of the world. THE CONDUCT OF NATIONS. " Righteousness exalteth a nation, but sin is a reproach to any people," we read in Prov. 14: 34. As a nation holds to the true or the false in civilization, will it be lifted up or debased. "Made in Germany," formerly a mark that meant honor in the world of nations, has been driven by Germany from the face 7 8 INTRODUCTION of the earth, at least for a time, for now it is everywhere known that the most destructive, cruel, corrupting force in all history was also "made in Germany." The sin which the rulers of Germany have brought upon their own people is only comparable to the suffering they have caused, both at home and in other lands. At the opposite extreme stands America, with no selfish inter- ests at stake; America, spending billions of dollars and sending men by the hundreds of thousands over the sea, to fight for the common rights of all people everywhere, forever blotting out national limits of patriotism and responsibility. RF.AI. PATRIOTISM EXALTS. We hear it said that war has a brutalizing effect. Yes, upon the nation engaging in it for selfish ends, and perhaps upon a few individuals in other countries. It is probable, however, in the latter instance that war only brings to the surface whatever of grossness and brutality may be smoldering in the heart. It has been noticeable that even some public speakers, under the guise of patriotism, have taken advantage of the highly wrought-up feelings of our citizens to resort to the language of the bar-room. Coarseness of speech everywhere and always leada to coarse thought, which in turn results in coarse conduct. The high ideals for which America entered the great war which threatened the peace and safety of the world must not be dragged into the dust on any pretense whatever. Real patriotism exalts both in speech and conduct. America, through the Boy Scouts, the Y. M. C. A., the high schools and the universities, has encouraged "clean speech" for our boys and young men, with very satisfactory results, and public speakers should scorn to lower the standard in the least. Imagine the surprise and shock that would come to every one on a crowded street-car should a Boy Scout, clad in his manly uniform, enter the car and, in conversation with an acquaintance, INTRODUCTION use the word "damn," as some speakers have had the effrontery to do, in discussing the great war. Every one would feel that the Boy Scout had no right to the uniform he was wearing. Leave the low language to those who, in their ignorance and degradation, do not realize the meaning of what they say. BEGINNING OP A NEW ERA. It has been truly said that because of the great war the world will never be the same again. Certain it is that America will never be the same. A new page has been opened. Our giving, toiling, serving, sacrificing, even to the lives of some of our most precious boys, has made us all one in a sense never before realized. The rich, the poor, the official, the laborer, regardless of race or religion, working, suffering, fighting side by side, have been brought to a new and higher appreciation of the things for which our beloved America stands. In harmony wjth the new spirit in the world, this volume of t( Patriotic Illustrations for Public Speakers" has been prepared, covering every possible phase of the new patriotism. In addition to the index, with a classification of about eighty subjects, will be found, on page 301, many cross-references. In the future the public speaker, in societies, clubs, fraternal organizations, on the lecture platform, the rostrum and in the pulpit, will have greater need of modern, thrilling incidents of patriotic devotion to high ideals, hence many of the illustrations here given are chosen from the most impressive and outstand- ing features of the world struggle. Here are scores of heart- searching incidents and experiences which we should never forget, nor permit the coming generations to forget, whether we be public speakers or private citizens. The loyalty, the heroism, the sacrifice, the love and devotion, the giving and serving, such as here recorded, should be cherished by one and all, that America and the world may go onward and upward to a glorious destiny. WILL H. BROWN. CLASSIFIED ILLUSTRATIONS ACTIVITY PREFERRED REAL ACTION. An American Indian, who enlisted in Uncle Sam's army and returned to his reservation on a furlough, vas asked what ho thought of being a soldier. Recalling the drilling and the neces- sary formalities for the maintaining of discipline, he replied with disgust: "No much good. Too much salute; not enough shoot." When asked if he knew what our country was fighting for, he brightened up and promptly answered: "To make the whole world the Democratic party I" WHEN THERE'S SOMETHING DOING. "You don't mind how many of your men are shot," said an old soldier, "when you are charging forward. It is when you are standing still and men are falling all about you that it has a terri- bly depressing effect upon you. But when you are rushing for- ward you do not see it." This is just as true in any calling in life. When you are making progress, or helping the community to go forward in all that makes for the best things of life, you don't stop to worry over discouragements or apparent failures. Anything you do for the good of others is true patriotism. PRIZED SERVICE MORE THAN MEDAL. Thor Rayward, a San Francisco young man, was so anxious to help France in the great war that almost immediately after the 11 ]_2 PATRIOTIC ILLUSTRATIONS Germans began their devastating march through Belgium, he rushed to Canada and enlisted in the Eighteenth Battalion of the Second Canadian Contingent. He was made a non-commissioned officer, and rendered such distinguished service on the field of battle that he was notified to appear in London to receive the famous Military Cross at the hands of King George. Upon his arrival in the great city he learned that the decoration would not take place for four days, so did not wait for it. "When there is so much doing in France and the need of men is so great," he said to a friend, who reported his action to his home folks, "I don't like to hang around London four extra days." He at once departed for France. AGITATION IN A DIFFERENT WAY. Harkins: "There goes a man who has done much to arouse the people." Clark: "Great war agitator, I suppose t" Harkins: "No; manufacturer of alarm-clocks." DEMONSTRATING HORSE SENSE. A citizen of Albany, N. T., went to Washington, determined to stir things up in behalf of war sentiment. In an effort to demonstrate that what the United States needed was confidence and horse sense, he mounted a horse and galloped the animal up the Capitol steps. Policemen who arrested him agreed with his sentiments, but sent him to an insane asylum. TALK ABOUT THE WAB. It will be remembered that for some time after the great war broke out and before the United States was drawn into it, people FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS [3 were urged to refrain from discussing the matter in a \vay that would hurt any one's feelings, and especially German sympa- thizers. In many places the sign, "No War Talk Here," was posted. When we entered the war, however, the sentiment changed, and gradually became so pronounced that the person who didn't "talk war," and stand up for Uncle Sam, was suspected of dis- loyalty. Then these same signs were ordered down. One chief of police, in doing so, said: "We want war talk now." WHAT WOMAN COULD DO. Just prior to the Civil War, Susan B. Anthony was endeavor- ing to enlist the support of Horace Greeley, editor of the New York Tribune, in the cause of woman's rights. The great editor was opposed to woman's suffrage, among other reasons declaring that women were useless in wartimes. "What would you do," he demanded, "in the event of civil wart" "Just what you would do, Mr. Greeley," promptly replied Miss Anthony. "I should sit in my office and write articles urging other people to go and fight." AMERICA FRIDAY ALL EIGHT FOE US. Columbus sailed for America on Friday and landed here on Friday, according to an Eastern magazine, which also says that the "Mayflower" reached Provincetown Harbor on Friday; that the Pilgrim Fathers landed on Plymouth Eock on Friday; that George Washington was born on Friday; that St. Augustine, Fla., the oldest settlement in the United States, was founded on Fri- day, and that it was on Friday that John Adams made the motion that the United States should' be made independent. H PATRIOTIC ILLUSTRATIONS AMERICA FIGHTS FOB THE WORLD. Belgium fought for her homeland, And held back the tide of the Hun, Sacrificed all for her honor, And priceless the glory she won ; She feared not the wrath of the Kaiser, Against him her own power she hurled. Belgium fought for her homeland America fights for the world 1 France fought for personal freedom That her own republic might live; Laid everything on the altar And her sons she gladly did give; She poured out her blood so freely, The tricolored flag she unfurled. France fought for personal freedom America fights for the world 1 England fought for right in Europe, And to help her allies to live; To crush the New Barbarian, She gave all a nation could give; To curb the beast without honor,. Her national anthem she purled. England fought for right in Europe America fights for the world 1 Jacob H. McCartney, in San Francitco Call. "AMERICA SHOULD WORRY." "America's trade with Germany shows one great feature," says Herbert Bayard Swope, in his book "Inside the German Empire ' ' ' ' and that is we can more readily do without Germany than she without us." He then gives our table of imports and exports with Germany since 1912, as follows: IMPORTS. EXPORTS. 1912 $186,042,644 $330,450,830 1913 184,211,352 351,930,541 1914 149,389,366 ' 158,294,986 1915 _ 44,953,285 11,788,852 1916 (Jan.-Apr.) 3,141,791 58,646 FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS 15 The noticeable decrease in trade in 1916 was due to the tightening of the British blockade and the blacklist. The Kaiser's petulant remark to Ambassador Gerard, "I will stand no nonsense from America after this war," caused no anxiety in our country. OUE EESOUECEFUL NATION. Of all the nations in the world, the United Statea is the most independent industrially. Within our confines there is produced every cereal, every vegetable and every fruit grown in any zone. In our forests may be found every wood ; from our mines are extracted ores of every metal precious or base; our supplies of coal and of fuel oil are practically inexhaustible; in our machine- shops and furnaces and forges and shipyards is made everything from a hair-pin to a steamship ; and there is not a tissue of cotton, wool, silk or hemp, from a spool of thread to a carpet, that is not made in our factories. Oakland Tribune. THE COST OF OUR COUNTRY. That we as Americans may the better appreciate our beloved nation, it is well for us to keep in mind at least a part of the awful cost of it in lives of our citizens. While the cost to the Union Army was $8,000,000,000 for the four years of the Civil War, the cost in lives was terrible. Of the 2,200,000 different men in the Union Army, the death-roll was 359,528, including the killed, deaths from wounds and disease. This does not include many thousands who died of wounds after being mustered out, which would bring the total up to about 400,000, or about one- sixth of the entire number. The losses to our brothers of the South were proportionately large. So heavy were the losses it was necessary for mere boys to enlist, and while boys under eighteen were not supposed to be in the army, yet many were so anxious to help save the Union that they gave their ages as "going on nineteen." Rev. J. C. Jackson, ]6 PATRIOTIC ILLUSTRATIONS in an article in the Christian Endeavor World a few years ago, gave these figures: "Of the 2,200,000 men in the Union Army, 412,000 were en- listed as professedly eighteen, although many were younger (as already stated) ; 212,000 were nineteen, 173,000 were twenty, 184,000 were twenty-one, and 153,000 were twenty-two. It will be seen that more than half of them were twenty-two or under. In a literal sense it was proper to speak of them as 'the boys in blue.' "The Government finally began to enlist boys as young as eleven, as powder-boys on men-of-war, as musicians, orderlies and the like, so that there were 39,590 boys in the army under eighteen years of age." Rev. Mr. Jackson, in giving the percentage of losses of. some of the great wars of the world, says: "There has never been BO desperate fighting at any other time in the annals of warfare as in the struggle for the Union.'' APPRECIATION TO HELP PAT AN OLD DEBT. An American farmer sent a check of $50 to President Poin- caire, of France, accompanied by a letter saying it was one-tenth of all he possessed, but that he was glad to give it to help pay the debt of the United States to General Lafayette. The incident provoked much enthusiasm in France, following its publication in the French papers. YANKEE WHISTLE CAUSES TROUBLE. Because American soldiers at a moving-picture show in France whistled lustily when a picture of Premier Clemenceau was thrown on the screen, some French soldiers rushed at them in anger, but before coming to blows it was explained to them that when Amer- FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS icans whistled at ,a show it was always an expression of their hearty appreciation. It was then the Americans learned that whistling in France was always an expression of displeasure or disapproval. With this the friendly feeling between the repre- sentatives of the two friendly nations was speedily renewed. ENLARGED HIS CODE. A man in Cleveland who had made it a rule, when fortunate enough to get a seat on a street-car, to keep it, with but three exceptions giving it up to an elderly woman, to a woman carry- ing a child, and to a sick person one day suddenly enlarged his code of street-car courtesy. Springing to his feet and giving his seat to a plainly dressed woman, a friend who knew of his former rule looked at him questioningly, whereupon he explained: "That woman has a husband, a son or a brother in the army. But probably you didn't notice it." "Notice what?" queried the friend. "Her service badge." W. JB. Ross, in Cleveland Plain Dealer. GEEMAN SNEERS GIVE WAT TO WONDER. An American soldier in France, among the first to go over there, wrote back home to a relative, in the fore part of 1918: "When we first came here last year and were not as many as now, the German prisoners, from officers to privates, sneered at us and evidently thought we did not amount to much. As the con- course of ships increased, and thousands upon thousands of husky khaki boys and millions of tons of war munitions showed up, and the Germans saw with their own eyes how our officers treat us, how well we are paid and fed and cared for, their demeanor changed. They now ask about different parts of the United States, whether Americans hate Germans as much as English, French and Belgians do, and if they will be allowed to come over without returning to Germany. ' ' PATRIOTIC ILLUSTRATIONS BELGIUM THE HUNGRY LITTLE HEARTS. He was a little Belgian lad Whom war had somehow failed to mar. Almost a baby face he had, Bewildered now and vaguely sad. "Where are you going in the wind And raint And must you travel far!" He said, "I've started out to find The country where the mothers are." Good Housekeeping. THE KAISER AND THE ELEPHANT. In his native land the elephant has an enemy in the chacanas, a little animal about the size of a mouse, and much resembling it. When the big, clumsy elephant is feeding, the chacanas runs up his trunk, digs its tiny claws into the flesh, poisoning the blood and often causing death to the elephant. Once the little animal gets in the trunk, it can not be dislodged by any effort the elephant can make. The big creature has learned to dodge this little enemy whenever possible, having learned from experience that size cuts no figure in the case. If the Kaiser, representing the big German Empire, had used as much sense in regard to little Belgium in August, 1914, he could have saved himself and his people a lot of sorrow and loss, even though his wicked selfishness would have no regard for other nations. WHEN BELGIUM WAS INVADED. When Germany tore up that "scrap of paper" which guaran- teed the integrity of Belgium, every patriotic man there volun- teered for the defense of his country and shouldered a rifle, though he had never fired a blank cartridge, and put on some kind of a uniform, though he had never drilled in a barrack square. Lawyers, merchants, schoolmasters, poets, actors, singers, FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS [9 farmers, peasants, rushed to take up arms, and when the van- guards of the German army struck across the frontier they found themselves confronted, not only by the small regular army of Belgium, but by the whole nation. Even the women helped to dig the trenches at Liege, and poured boiling water over Uhlans who came riding into Belgian villages. The German generals were afraid of a nation where every man or boy who could hold a gun shot at the sight of a pointed helmet. Those high officers to whom war is a science, without any human emotion or pity in its rules, were determined to stamp out this irregular fighting by blood and fire, and ' ' f rightf ulness " became the order of the day. Philip Gibbs, in "The Soul of the War." BIBLE A WONDERFUL RECOED. Within one year from the time America entered the great war, the American Bible Society had issued in its army and navy editions over two million copies. The greater part of these were free gifts to chaplains of the United States Army and Navy, and to the War Work Council of the Y. M. 0. A., for distribu- tion among troops. BIBLE CLASSES IN ARMY CAMPS. The Y. M. C. A. began a systematic movement for organizing Bible-study classes in the various camps within a few months after the United States declared war against Germany. This met with almost immediate success. The soldiers were eager for the studies. Not many weeks had elapsed until a Bible class had been organized in every squadron of four regiments at Waco, Tex., with six thousand members. Results similar to this were obtained in other camps. 20 PATRIOTIC ILLUSTRATIONS More surprising still was the fact that over four hundred thousand copies of the four specially prepared courses of Bible study in book form were called for, most of them actually pur- chased by soldiers. It was soon found that no studies were so attractive to the men of Uncle Sam's great new army as those which relate to the life and teachings of Christ. The leaders of the Bible-study groups were chosen from among the soldiers themselves, as there were tens of thousands of college graduates and members of the Y. M. C. A. in the army, capable of acting as leaders. BIBLES SAVE LIVES OF SOLDIERS. There aro many well-authenticated instances of copies of God's word shielding their owners from death upon the battle- field, by receiving the bullets which otherwise would have inflicted mortal injuries. The great world war had many such instances, among which may be mentioned the following: William R. Wilson, a nineteen-year-old youth of New Castle, Pa., had a narrow escape from death while on duty in the American Army in France. A German sharpshooter fired at him so accurately that he would have been killed had it not been that a Bible in his left breast-pocket arrested the bullet suffi- ciently to cause only a slight wound. A young officer was given a Bible which he carried in his hip-pocket. His mother had written on the fly-leaf the seventh verse of the ninety-first Psalm: "A thousand shall fall at thy side, and ten thousand at thy right hand, but it shall not come nigh thee. " A shrapnel shell burst close to him, a piece of it struck the Bible and cut through to Psalm 91, blackening the very page containing the verse quoted, but glanced off and the officer's life was saved. "One of the most frequently recurring reports coming from the trenches is that men are more and more turning to religion and to the Bible for strength and for peace of mind and soul," FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS says the Ladies' Home Journal, in its December (1917) issue adding : "As one author quotes a soldier: 'Strange as it sounds and I am far from being a religious man the biggest factoi in the war is God. However little religion you've got at home the biggest blackguard in the ranks prays as he goes into action. There are no skeptics in the trenches. ' ' THE POCKET TESTAMENT LEAGUE. The conditions of membership in the Pocket Testament League are very simple the promise to carry a pocket Testa- ment and to read one or more chapters daily. The league was originated a number of years ago in Birmingham, England, by Mrs. Charles M. Alexander, wife of the well-known gospel singer, and has spread rapidly throughout the world. During the first three years of the great war nearly four hundred thousand British soldiers became members. The league met with a hearty welcome in all of the United States Army camps, at home and abroad, and our boys in khaki joined by the thousands. Many distinguished Americans belong, including President Wilson, Speaker Champ Clark, Secretary of the Navy Daniels, Henry Ford, John Wanamaker and H. J. Heinz. ATTRACTIVE BIBLES FOR SOLDIERS. The great publishing-houses of America and Great Britain have brought out many attractive editions of the Bible for soldiers and sailors. The American Bible Society received one order for one million copies for distribution to the armed forces of our country. This edition was bound in khaki and also in navy blue, and bears this imprint on the cover: "Army and Navy Edition. ' ' Another is printed with khaki binding, with the flag and the words, "Active Service Testament," embossed in colors on the cover. In addition to special helps are indicated selections for 22 PATRIOTIC ILLUSTRATIONS the enlisted man to read when he is lonely, troubled or in danger. Inside the back cover is a page marked "My Decision" what it means to accept Christ as the Saviour which soldiers and sailors have signed by the tens of thousands. THE BOOK FOB THE TRENCHES. Every one knows it is the Bible. It is the exception in modern warfare when a soldier in the American Army, as well as in the armies of Great Britain and some other countries, does not carry with him a copy of the New Testament. In one very popular edition for soldiers is printed a message to the soldiers from President Wilson, as follows: "The Bible is the word of life. I beg that you will read it and find this out for yourselves read, not little snatches here and there, but long passages that will really be the road to the heart of it. You will not only find it full of real men and women, but also of the things you have wondered about and been troubled about all your life, as men have been always; and the more you read, the more it will become plain to you what things are worth while and what things are not, what things make men happy loyalty, right dealing, speaking the truth, readiness to give everything for what they think their duty, and, most of all, the wish that they may have the approval of the Christ, who gave everything for them and the things that are guaranteed to make men unhappy selfishness, cowardice, greed, and everything that is low and mean. "When you have read the Bible, you will know that it is the word of God, because you will have found it the key to your own heart, your own happiness, and your own duty." Another popular edition of the New Testament contains the following message from General Pershing: "To the American Soldier: Aroused against a nation waging war in violation of all Christian principles, our people are fighting in the cause of liberty. Hardships will be your lot, but FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS 23 trust in God will give you comfort; temptation will befall you, but the teachings of our Saviour will give you strength. Let your valor as a soldier and your conduct as a man- be an inspiration to your comrades and an honor to your country." BROTHERS SIXTEEN FEOM EIGHT FAMILIES. There were eight pairs of brothers in Company H of the Ohio National Guards, in 1918. Their pictures, which appeared in a popular magazine, showed them to be an attractive bunch of fellows. TO AVENGE DEATH OF BROTHER. Within twenty-four hours after news reached West Hammond, Ills., of the death of Private Joseph Lietzan on the battlefields of France, four of his brothers residing there enlisted, and with raised hands took an oath to avenge the death of Joseph. SIX SONS IN THE SERVICE. Press dispatches from Springfield, Ills., in July, 1918, announced that a service flag of six stars adorned the window at the home of Mr. and Mrs. Jacob Widner, in that city, and that two other sons of this couple might join the service under "Old Glory" within another year. A GOVERNOR'S SIX SOLDIER BOYS. Six sons of Governor and Mrs. Richard I. Manning, of South Carolina, have entered their country's service. On the enlistment of the sixth son the New York Herald sent his father a telegram of congratulations, to which this reply was wired: "My sixth son, Vivian Meredith Manning, is enlisting as a volunteer. My seventh son is only fifteen years old." Christian Herald, June, 1918. 24 PATRIOTIC ILLUSTRATIONS SEVEN BROTHERS JOIN NAVY. Edward, Rudolph, George, John, Oscar, William and Flavus Eskew, seven well-to-do brothers living near Havre, Mont., enlisted in the U. S. Navy in the summer of 1918. No one of them owns less than three hundred acres of land, and Edward, Flavus and John are married and have children. They are of German descent. ADVICE FROM! AN OLDER BROTHER. An American soldier in France, upon hearing that a younger brother in the United States had enlisted, making three from the same home, wrote him quite frankly, saying: "I am sorry you didn't stay home with mama and Lucy, but, since you have enlisted, let's make the best of it. Make good. That means a decent life. Cut the rough stuff women and booze. Venereal disease must cease, to make a better army to win the war. There are unusual opportunities for advance- ment. The man who is on the jump is going to get there eventually. "Remember, we three want to go back home to mama and Lucy, whole and in good health. This means the better you take care of yourself, the better resistance to disease and the better chance to return. I know how it feels to receive all this dry stuff, but I learned it in two years, and I don't want you to make any mistakes. "Write often to mama and Lucy and keep t^iem encouraged. Mama is old and needs encouragement. You will realize this after awhile. Now remember, old top, soldier: Don't try to burn the candle at both ends. Go to church and pray to God to help us all, especially mama." "BROTHER O' MINE." Signaler Tom Skeyhill lost his sight in the great war in France, while fighting as a member of the Eighth Anzac Bat- FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS 25 talion. Fortunately, his sight was restored after coming to America. While in this country, lecturing in various cities, tell- ing of his war experiences, he wrote this beautiful poem as a tribute to his brother of eighteen, who enlisted for the war after Tom himself became blind: "You're only a lad of eighteen years. All of them spent -with the one whose tears Have guarded you through life's early spheres, Sharing with you in your joys and fears, Brother o' mine I "Your limbs are clean and your heart is true, And somehow I think you'll see it through, So come back again when peace is new, Then we'll pay you the homage due, Brother o' mine! "Remember your oath when under fire, And let neither fear nor base desire Stem the flood of your youthful ire, But march to the front and never retire, Brother o' mine 1 "And should you fall 'neath an alien sky, I'll always mourn, but I'll never cry, For you'll not be dead only cowards die! And we'll meet again yes, you and I Brother o' mine." THE CONDUCT OF GOOD SOLDIERS. General Foch, commander-in-ehief of the Allied armies in the great war, gave rules of conduct for all soldiers under his com- mand, among which were the following: "Be of good cheer and high courage, shirk neither work nor danger, suffer in silence, and cheer the comrade at your side with a smile. "Be merciful to the women of your foe and shame them not, for you are a man; pity and shield the children in your captured territory, for you were once a helpless child. 26 PATRIOTIC ILLUSTRATIONS "Bear in mind that the enemy is your enemy and the enemy of humanity until he is killed or captured; then he is your dead brother, or your fellow-soldier beaten or ashamed, whom you should no further humiliate." ENEMIES FRATERNIZE IN SUFFERING. These touching incidents are related by Philip Gibbs, in his book, "The Soul of the War": "A French soldier gave his water-bottle to a German officer who was crying out with thirst. The German sipped a little and then kissed the hand of the man who had been his enemy, saying: 'There will be no war on the Other Side.' Another Frenchman found lying within a yard of him a Luxembourgeois whom he had known as his chasseur in a big hotel in Paris. The young German wept to see his old acquaintance. 'It is stupid,' he said, 'this war. You and I were happy when we were good friends in Paris. Why should we have been made to fight each other T' He died with his arms around the neck of the soldier who told me the story, unashamed of his own tears." CHINESE USE SHOVELS AND RIFLES. Within a year from the time America entered the world war there were one hundred thousand Chinese also "over there," not with rifles, but with picks and shovels. Their principal work was back of the lines, doing all sorts of necessary labor and they did it so well that some of the British officers gave them credit for playing a large part in bringing about some of the Allied successes. On one occasion, when a large number of Chinese were work- ing under American engineers just back of the fighting-line, it was announced that the Germans were coming. Immediately the engineers mustered them in platoons, distributed rifles and ordered a counter attack. "They fought with surprising gal- lantry," said one officer. They held their line, and begged to FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS 27 be allowed to retain their rifles. They had been under fire for a long time, and were delighted at the feel of a rifle to use against the Huns. GERMANS SHELL A CEMETEEY. Here is one cablegram of hundreds that could be given, showing the difference between Americans and Germans in their attitude toward the finer sentiments of human interest: "With the American Army in France. The Germans have been deliberately shelling an American cemetery near the front in Picardy. Eecently one grave was torn up four times. "It may be cited in contrast that the Americans in this sector a few days ago took a German prisoner who was mortally wounded. He died, and was accorded a Christian funeral and burial in the American cemetery near the front. His grave was marked in the same manner as the others." FOR EVERLASTING PEACE. J. Y. Garcia, a native of the Philippines, who died in Cali- fornia in 1918, made a will leaving $140.95 to the United States Government, in which were these words: "That President Wilson, with powers larger and greater than mine, might succeed in bringing everlasting peace." The President acknowledged receipt of the money, and, in a letter to those who had forwarded it to him, said: "I wish that the poor fellow who left the little sum of money might be accessible to a message from me, but since he has gone, I can only express to you the deep feeling which the incident has caused; a feeling of gratitude that the simpler people, as well as the better informed, in the Philippines should have acquired in this short time such friendly sentiment toward this country. I shall not know exactly what to do with the money, but you may be sure I shall try to apply it to the object that Garcia had in mind." 28 PATRIOTIC ILLUSTRATIONS IF THE GERMANS HAD KNOWN. Fifteen young men in Newark, N. J., enlisted to avenge the death of a chum lost on board an American ship that had been torpedoed by a German submarine. When the Germans thought they could accomplish anything with Americans by resorting to methods of ' ' f rightf ulness ' ' and barbaric cruelties, they only showed they had something yet to learn. The incident given is typical of the American spirit of brotherhood. It made the Americans fifteen times aa determined to put a stop to the depre- dations of the "Beast of Berlin" and his followers, once and for all time. BRITISHER GIVEN GERMAN IRON CROSS. During a terrific engagement on one of the French battle- fields a British officer saw a German officer impaled on the barbed wire between the lines, writhing in agony. Notwith- standing the heavy firing, the Englishman deliberately walked out under the storm of shell-fire, released the sufferer and carried him on his shoulder to the German trench. The firing ceased. Both sides watched the act in amazement. Then the commander in the German trench came forward, took from his own bosom the Iron Cross and pinned it on the breast of the British officer, who returned in safety to his comrades. WINNING THE WAR BY KINDNESS. Mervyn R. Loganecker, a California soldier fighting in France, in a letter to his parents gave several instances of kindness manifested by American soldiers to Germans taken captive, and of the surprise this brought to the prisoners. One, who was held four days, enjoying the same food provided for the Amer- icans, was released and went back to his own lines, only to return the next night with fifteen more German soldiers, who gave themselves up. FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS 29 Their reason was that they were tired of being deceived by their officers, claiming they had been lied to continually. They said they had been led to believe the American soldiers would treat them cruelly should they be captured; that Uncle Sam's men were small and would run when the Germans came toward them. "Well, did we run?" one of the American boys asked, good- naturedly. "Yes, you ran all right," replied one of the prisoners, "but in a different direction from that we anticipated. We were in the lead. I hope they got my commander. They tell us lies, and say we are on the verge of victory, when now I can see that we are on the edge of defeat. I wish it would end." THE SECOND LIEUTENANT NEW STYLE. He's younger than the most of us far younger than the Top, And, bein' young, he's full of pep and keeps us on the hop; He hasn't been in long enough to sour on the game; He's tickled as a kid with it that's why we bless his name I He puts us through all sorts of stunts to liven up the drill; He laughs when he turns corners sharp and takes a muddy spill; It's up and in it all the time he never seems to tire, And doesn't know what duckin' means in face of Fritzy's fire. He always calls us "fellows" never pulls the line, "my men;" He likes to think he's one of us; and back in billets, .when He has to make inspections, he'll sit down and chin awhile, And so to all this "Yes, sir," stuff, "Oh, can itl" That's his style. From the "Stars and Stripes," Organ of the American Army in France. OUR BOYS DIDN'T WAIT. Gipsy Smith said to an American audience: "There were thirty thousand of your brave American boys fighting beneath the British flag before you declared war. I know, because I met them and worked with them; I saw them in the hospitals and in the convalescent camps. And do you know what they said to me? They said: 'We could not remain men and keep out of it, sir. We had to get into it to save our manhood.' 30 PATRIOTIC ILLUSTRATIONS And so they crossed the border of Canada and joined the Canadian forces, and some of them have won the D. S. O., and they have won the Victoria Cross and the military medal, and they are entitled to everything they got, God bless 'em ! ' ' THEIR UNCLE'S UNCLE SAM. They're drilling, drilling, drilling, With eyes fixed straight ahead, Determined not to drop this thing Till tyranny is dead. They've come from every station, From mansion, cottage, shack, And some of them are yellow, And some of them are black; But every one is training To throttle greed and sham. No matter who their father was, Their uncle's Uncle Sam. Just out of college, some of them, And some were never in, But they all have learned the lesson That the right has got to win ; Though some are swart of feature And their words are strange of sound, They've caught the noble spirit Of the brothers they have found And you'll weaken, Mister Kaiser, When you get the telegram: "They're landing by the millions And their uncle's Uncle Sam I" Roy Temple Houte. FOR THE LIBERTY OF THE WORLD. Harold Bell Wright, the noted author, says in the American Magazine: "In the ranks of those who carry our country's flag are men of every land and blood. It is the blood of humanity. Jesus said, 'Love your enemies.' Well, this nation sings no hymn of hate. The spirit of those who will carry the 'Stars and Stripes' to Berlin is not the spirit of hatred. When the well-beloved and faithful dog of the household goes mad, and menaces the lives of friends and neighbors, it is not hatred that fires the bullet to end its madness. FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS ' ' Because this ' mad dog of Europe ' must be stopped in his career of death does not mean that hatred has raised the army that will accomplish that necessary end. 'Bless them that curse you. Do good to them that hate you,' said Jesus. Well, the blessings of our cause in victory will be to those men who face our soldiers in battle, as well as to those brave ones in whose support our men are fighting. The good of liberty will be for the German people as well and as truly as for all other peoples of earth. No greater good could come to the people of Germany who are fighting now the battles of their Kaiser than the defeat and utter annihilation of the spirit of that ruler who drives them to the battlefield." WAE INTENSIFIES SPIEIT OF UNITY. In a Bed Cross address in New York some twelve months after the United States became a party to the great war, Presi- dent Wilson said: "Have you formed a picture in your imagination of what this war is doing for us and for the world? In my own mind I am convinced that not a hundred years of peace could have knitted this nation together as this single year of war has knitted it together. Look at the picture. In the center of the scene, four nations engaged against the world, and at every point of vantage showing that they are seeking selfish aggrandize- ment; and against them, twenty-three governments representing the greater part of the population of the world, drawn together into a new sense of community purpose, a new sense of unity of life. . . . Friendship is the only cement that will ever hold the world together. And this intimate contact of the great Bed Cross with the peoples who are suffering the terrors and depriva- tions of this war, is going to be one of the greatest instrumen- talities of friendship the world ever knew. . . . One of the greatest stains that rests upon the reputation of the German army is that they have not respected the Bed Cross. That goes 32 PATRIOTIC ILLUSTRATIONS to the root of the matter. They have not respected the instru- mentality they themselves participated in setting up as the thing which no man was to touch, because it was the expression of common humanity. ' ' "THE NAVY NEVER DIES." Charles F. Church, a first-class gunner's mate of the U. S. Navy, is the author of a poem with the above title, in which he brings in some historic events with the names of great men who have served our country in years gone by, but have passed on: "And many who fought these battlea Sleep under foreign skies, But men may come and men may go The Navy never dies I" Here is the last verse: "We belong to the Navy that Perry Anchored on Nippon's shore; The Navy that took Port Fisher To the tune of its cannon's roar. Brave men, great captains and noble ships Writ large on the scroll of Fame; Brothers are we to the full degree In which we follow the game. We are linked to the past and future While a ship the old flag flies, And while men serve from love of country, The Navy never dies I" AMERICAN GRAVES IN FRANCE. William C. Levere, a Y. M. C. A. secretary in France, wrote to a mother in Maine: "I stood to-day by the grave of your boy, in a little French village near the spot where he fell. A simple cross at the head bears his name and command. The colors of our country are also there. Tenderly and beautifully caring for his quiet couch was a group of little French children. With spade and trowel they planted flowers over the grave of this American boy, who had come to fight for their land and FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS had given his all. For all the future I shall remember the afternoon scene the colors, the children, the hills which sur- round the village like sentinels with protecting arms. It is because I want you to have the same picture with you through the years that I have taken the liberty of writing." WE'RE ALL ONE NOW. The Oregonian, issued by the crew of the battleship "Oregon," published a conversation between two veterans of the Civil War a soldier who fought for the North and a soldier who fought for the South. The argument was in regard to that great conflict, each still contending that the men on his side were the best fighters. Just as the subject was getting quite warm, a procession of boys from the U. S. Navy came along the street, with the "Stars and Stripes" at the head. In an instant the two old soldiers forgot their discussion and stood at attention, while with eager, glowing faces they watched with wistful eyes until the last bluejacket had passed by. Then the two "old vets" turned and looked at each other with lumps in their throats as they clasped hands. Finally the one who had worn the gray said with much feeling: " Fine-lookin ' boys, ain't they?" "They sure are," replied the one who had worn the blue; "I wish we could get into it." SOLDIERS OF MANY LANGUAGES. A young man of twenty at Camp Greene, N. 0., wrote to his father in Detroit that in his tent the soldiers were composed of one Luxemberger, one Parisian, two French Canadians, one Arab, one native of Cyprus and two Americans, including him- self. He added: "French, German, Greek, Arabic, Turkish and English are all spoken in the tent, and my opportunities for learning lan- guages are unequaled." 3 34 PATRIOTIC ILLUSTRATIONS The fact that many nationalities participated in the battle of democracy against autocracy is bringing about a feeling of wonderful world unity that will no doubt go on with increasing power in the years to come. TO THE BLUE AND THE GRAY. This poem, written by George Morrow Mayo, a young Ken- tuckian, formerly a resident of Washington, and later a gunner's mate in the United States Navy, has been pronounced one of the richest poetical gems growing out of the world-war conditions: "Here's to the Blue of the wind-swept North, When we meet on the fields of France; May the spirit of Grant be with you all As the Sons of the North advance. "And here's to the Gray of the sun-kissed South, When we meet on the fields of France; May the spirit of Lee be with you all As the Sons of the South advance. "And here's to the Blue and Gray as one. When we meet on the fields of France; May the Spirit of God be with us all As the Sons of the Flag advance." WHERE BANK CLERK LOVES FIREMAN. Donald Hankey, author of "A Student in Arms," who was killed in action on the western battle-front in France, on October 26, 1916, wrote of the great leveling influence of army life: "Here one sees men as God sees them, apart from externals such as manner and intonation. A night in a bombing party shows you Jim Smith as a man of splendid courage. A shortage of rations reveals his wonderful unselfishness. One danger and discomfort after another you share in common till you love him as a brother. Out there, if any one dared to remind you that Jim was only a fireman while you were a bank clerk, you would give him one in the eye to go on with. You have learned to know a man when you see one, and to value him. FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS 35 "When the war is over, and the men of the citizen army have returned to their homea and their civil occupations, will they, I wonder, remember the things they have learned? If so, there will be a new and better England for the children. In those days men shall be prized for their courage, their honesty, their practical ability. In those days charity and brotherly love shall prevail mightily; for all shall have learned mutual under- standing and respect." A SOUTHERN VOLUNTEER. I was with 'em at Manassas The bully boys in gray; I heard the thunder roarin' Round Stonewall Jackson's way; And many a time this sword of mine Has blazed the route for Lee, But if this old -nation goes to war, Make one more gun for mel I'm not so full of flghtin', Nor half so full of fun, As I was back in the sixties, When I shouldered my old gun ; It may be that my hair is white, Sich things, you know, must be But if this Union's in for war, Make one more gun for me! I hain't forgot my raisin', Nor how, in sixty-two, Or thereabouts, with battle shouts, I charged the boys in blue; And I say I fought with Stonewall, And blazed the way with Lee; But if this old Union's in for war, Make one more gun for me! Atlanta Constitution. AMERICAN COURTESY IN BATTLE. A contrast of the conduct of the Germans in war, with that of Americans, finds illustration in an incident of the great naval battle at Manila, May 1, 1898, when Admiral Dewey's ships destroyed the Spanish fleet. The Spanish admiral in charge 36 PATRIOTIC ILLUSTRATIONS there, seeing that his flagship was doomed and unable to fight, ordered a small boat lowered, and, with a daring crew, rowed to a small gunboat, where he again hoisted his flag. The American sailors refused to fire on the plucky admiral. HATE NOT AMERICAN CHARACTERISTIC. The Stars and Stripes, official paper of the American forces in France, published this story, showing the lack of hate or meanness on the part of the soldiers of Uncle Sam: "After a raid in which the Germans were beaten off, the body of a Ger- man officer was found. From his neck hung an Iron Cross. On his body was his identification tag. Papers and documents were taken in the search for military information, but the Iron Cross was carefully removed and sent to the officer's family in Ger- many through the representatives of a neutral power." CAMOUFLAGE HAMMERING THE KAISER'S HEAD. Sidney Shaw, a soldier in the U. S. Army at Camp Fremont, and also a regimental drummer, was so anxious to "get a whack at the Kaiser" that he had the head of the German emperor painted on the head of his drum, where he could take pleasure in beating it every time the band played. He took much pride between times in exhibiting to his comrades and others what he termed his "drum-drum bullet." FINED FOR WEARING UNIFORM. That it is considered an honor to wear the uniform of a soldier of the U. S. Army has been demonstrated in many ways. In a Pacific Coast city a youth of nineteen was so anxious to make a good impression and to receive coveted attention that he wore a soldier's uniform to a dance, although he had not FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS 37 enlisted. He was fined $50 by the Federal judge who heard his case. The youth said he did not know his action was in violation of law. To prove that his heart was all right, he then and there offered to enlist in the service of his country. ARTISTS FOOLING THE ENEMY. A writer in Scribner's Monthly tells how the camoufleurs were used to help win the war. Just before the attack on the Somme the German aviators were very active and made it diffi- cult, except at night, to move large bodies of troops to the front. One road especially, leading from a small forest, but lying straight and white over the fields, was closely watched. The camoufleurs got busy, and painted on canvas nearly two miles of white roadway, bordered with green. When the enemy aviators arose to reconnoiter they reported, "Nothing moving in the road from Amiens," while all day long, for five long days, a continuous line of heavy artillery and thousands upon thousands of troops passed under the painted roadway to their assigned positions for the great attack. The art has been so well developed that almost any desired situation can be made to appear upon canvas to fool the enemy aviators flying overhead. KAISER'S GOLD CUP WAS PEWTER. After the manner in which the Kaiser violated treaty obli- gations and sanctioned all sorts of hypocrisies and cruelties, it seems a small thing, perhaps, that he should practice decep- tion in the awarding of a trophy. A "gold cup" reputed to be worth $5,000 was presented by the Kaiser, in 1905, to Wilson Marshall, a well-known American yachtsman, as the winner of a race off Sandy Hook. When the big Red Cross drive for $100,- 000,000 was begun in 1918, Marshall decided to give up the cup to be melted, and donate the proceeds to the Red Cross. Before this was done, however, it was auctioned and reauctioned until 38 PATRIOTIC ILLUSTRATIONS it added $125,000 to the fund. Then the truth came out. Instead of being made of gold and worth $5,000, it was found to be made of pewter, with a thin veneer of gold, and worth scarcely $40. Perhaps the Kaiser was just beginning then to learn the art of camouflage. CAMOUFLAGE IN THE ANIMAL KINGDOM. The camouflage practiced in the armies in the big war reminds one editorial writer that it is no new art that among animals it is as old as nature itself. The tiger's stripes make his yellow coat less perceptible in a jungle, and enable him to slip around unnoticed. The humble katydid, when in danger, will extend its wings and lie stiff upon the ground, resembling a leaf, or fall downward in a zigzag fashion, from a tree, just as a leaf would fall. Many butterflies look so much like leaves that, when resting upon them, they can scarcely be seen. "But of all the creatures which practice camouflage," says this writer, "the chameleon is the most successful, for it has the power of changing its color to any background against which it may find itself. At one moment it may be red and the next green. ' ' NEW USE FOB ALAEM-CLOCKS. In order to fool the Germans, an American patrol leader, with an alarm-clock under his arm, quietly made his way into "No Man's Land" at night, placed the timekeeper in a hidden place, and attached to it a wire. Soon thereafter the alarm rang out, whereupon the German soldiers opened fire on the vicinity from which the strange noise came. Then the noise ceased, but the alarm had been arranged to start up intermittently, and each time it did so the Germans wasted a lot of ammunition shooting at the hidden mystery. The Americans, resting in their trenches, enjoyed many a hearty laugh over this variation of army life. FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS 39 GERMANY AND THE TEN COMMANDMENTS. Judge Wilbur, of San Francisco, soon after being elected president of the California North State Sunday School Associa- tion, in 1918, made an address in which he outlined the funda- mentals of Christian civilization. He took up the Ten Command- ments, one at a time, and impressively showed how Germany, through her rulers, had violated every one of them. "It is," he said, "as though the Kaiser had shaken his fist in defiance of almighty God." The following is simply a brief outline of his address, without any of the striking illustrations: 1. ' ' Thou shalt have no other gods before me. ' ' The Kaiser frequently speaks of what he and God are doing, but surely the god he had in mind is not the God of the Bible. The Germans have evidently set up a god of their own. 2. "Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image; . . . thou shalt not bow down thyself to them, nor serve them." (Similar to 1.) 3. "Thou shalt not take the name of Jehovah thy God in vain." Surely, linking the name of God with that of the Kaiser, in all his terrible cruelties, and giving God a portion of the credit for the atrocities of the Germans, is taking the name of God in vain. 4. "Observe the sabbath day to keep it holy." It was on Easter Sunday that the Germans, with their long-range gun, shooting seventy-six miles, killed seventy people worshiping God in a church in Paris. 5. "Honor thy father and thy mother." By Germany's practice of dishonoring womanhood everywhere, bringing tens of thousands of illegitimate children into the world, they make it impossible for many of these to even know who their parents are. 6. "Thou shalt not kill." That is the business of Germany to kill and to destroy all opposition to her selfish plans. 40 PATRIOTIC ILLUSTRATIONS 7. "Neither slialt thou commit adultery." (Similar to 5.) 8. ''Neither shalt thou steal." Germany started out on a plan of world-conquest the most stupendous system of thievery the world has ever known. 9. "Neither shalt thou bear false witness against thy neigh- bor." Witness her false statements for invading the territory of her neighbors, Belgium and France. 10. "Neither shall thou covet thy neighbor's wife," etc. Witness her treatment of the wives of Belgium, France, Russia and other countries. Dr. Newell Dwight Hillis says the Kaiser has taken the * 'not" out of the commandments against wrong-doing. DECOY SHIPS DESTROY U-BOATS. Great Britain used decoy ships with great effectiveness in destroying German submarine boats. The decoy craft were in reality floating batteries, with false sides, and were made to represent lumbering sailing vessels, too slow to escape the U-boats. As a rule, when a German submarine approached, its officers were permitted to go as far as to inquire the nature of the cargo and to order the crew to get into their life-boats. The crew almost invariably included two or three men dressed as women. In getting over the sides they would show great awkwardness, as a part of the game they were playing. Some- times they carried bird-cages or cats. Then, when the unsuspect- ing Germans were about ready to sink the craft, within point- blank range of the gunners on the decoy ships, the concealed guns of the British would be run out and sink the submarine. It is claimed a large number of German U-boats were destroyed in this way. After the sinking it was an easy matter for the British to pick up the men dressed as women, in their own life-boats near at hand. FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS 4\_ CHARACTER NO STANDING STILL FOR NATIONS. Viscount Grey, of Fallodon, who was Secretary of Foreign Affairs under Asquith at the beginning of the world war, in his pamphlet, "The League of Nations," says: "There is more at stake in the war than the existence of individual states or empires, or the fate of a continent. The whole of modern civilization is at stake, and whether it will perish or be submerged, as has happened to previous civilizations of older types, or whether it will live and progress, depends upon whether the nations engaged in this war, and even those that are onlookers, learn the lesson that experiences of the war may teach them. "It must be with nations as with individuals in the great trials of life. They must become better or worse. They can not stand still. If this war does not teach mankind new lessons that will so dominate the thoughts and feelings of those who survive it as to make new things possible, then the war will be the greatest catastrophe, as well as the most grievous trial and suffering, of which the world has any record." SOLDIER SAYS CAMPS MAKE MEN. John R. Glavin, of the 118th Aero Squadron, while stationed at Brooks Field, wrote as follows concerning camp life: "If the mother or wife of any khaki-clad boy now in camp is worrying about him, let her please, in the language of Chimmie McFadden, 'forget it.' He is a better man in every sense than when he left her. His own mother would hardly know him. He is as hard as nails and almost as brown as his shirt. He comes in from a hard day's work with a swing in his gait, a smile on his lips. He is learning that a canvas cot may be sweeter than a couch of down. He is getting good food, well 42 PATRIOTIC ILLUSTRATIONS cooked. He is far from any evil influence, and his life is in the open among simple, pure-minded folks, and the men over him are not only officers, but fathers. He is learning that discipline is the best thing that can come to a man, because it teaches belief in one's self and one's fellow-men. These American sons of American mothers have blossomed into men in the truest sense of the word." CLEANING UP OUE CITIES. Daniel A. Poling, associate president of the United Society of Christian Endeavor, who spent some time in the war zone in Europe, in commenting upon the splendid work done by General Pershing and other army officers, both abroad and at home, in making the surroundings for our soldiers as clean morally as possible, and of the splendid results accomplished, said: "There has been much discussion of the proposition, 'The soldier must be kept fit to return.' As we continue this discus- sion of vast importance, let us not neglect the other proposition, which is equally vital: 'America must be fit for the American soldier to return to.' " Thoughtful people can not fail to feel that it is just as important to have clean surroundings for our boys and young men in their home communities as it is for our boys and young men when in uniform. This being true, Americans owe it to the growing youth, the splendid youth of our nation, to clean up our cities, from the Atlantic to the Pacific, from the Canadian boundary to the Gulf of Mexico. Anything short of this is treason to our future manhood. THE COMMODORE HAD NO PRICE. Real patriotism does not take dollars into consideration. Dr. J. P. Cowan, in the Christian Endeavor World, relates this inci- dent of the Civil War: A bluff old commodore commanded a blockading squadron in the Southern waters so effectually that FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS 43 no ships were able to pass the blockade established by him. One day a finely dressed man, representing certain English firms, came to him and said they were desperately in need of cotton; that the children of the idle cotton-mill operatives at Manchester were starving. While talking he slipped a roll of bills amounting to $50,000 into the commodore's hand, and said: "This is a present to you if you will let one ship go through the blockade." The commodore replied: "This thing is absolutely impossible, sir I Keep your money ! ' ' In a few days the man returned to renew his plea. He spread out $100,000 in bank-notes, but the commodore seized him by the neck and kicked him out unceremoniously. The man never came back. He had learned that the old sailor's patriotism was not for sale at any price. THE WAR MAKES MEN OVER. A Missouri soldier in the trenches in France wrote as follows to a friend in America: "I don't know of a time in my life when I was more care-free, contented and happy than I am right here in my little dugout where shells are flying, and at times it seems as though it is a regular inferno. I can't under- stand just why we should feel that way about it. A man never knows just when he is going to get in front of a piece of burst- ing shell or shrapnel. A man here soon learns to look at things in an altogether different way. It seems like the more chances a man takes, the more contented he is. We are a different bunch of men to-day than we were two months ago. We never grumble any more. ' ' The men who live through this war will certainly be greatly benefited by the experience. Everything is so big over here that a fellow will regard the things that used to worry him at home as mere trifles in comparison with the obstacles he encounters here. Few men are cowards when it gets right down to the real thing. There is no better way to die than in fighting for a 44 PATRIOTIC ILLUSTRATIONS man's country. We used to think we were patriotic, but one doesn't know how to appreciate a great and glorious country like the United States of America until he has fought for it." WHITE IN THE ARMY. In the army it is a term of supreme praise to call a man white. When you say a comrade is a white man there is no more to be said. A man must be brave to be called white, and he must be generous, noble and good. I don't know where the term came from, but I think its footprints could be traced back to the Book of Revelation for its starting-place. In the first chapter we have a picture of Christ as the first "white man." "His head and his hair were white like wool, as white as snow." And surely the climax is reached when we read in the seventh chapter that a great multitude, which no man could number, of all nations and kindreds and peoples and tongues, stood before the throne, and before the Lamb, clothed with white robes. "And these are they which came out of great tribulation, and have washed their robes, and made them white in the blood of the Lamb. Therefore they are before the throne of God." Thomas Tiplady, vn "The Soul of the Soldier." AFTER "THE BOY" LEFT HOME. The following is an extract from a letter of a father to his son after the boy had enlisted and started for France: "It has been something of a grip to your mother and me, my dear boy, these last days. But I hope we have kept our feelings in our pockets. We have tried to look 'right' in the face. We wouldn't have you do otherwise. I would have hung my head in shame if my son had not wanted to go when his country called. God knows I would go with you, shoulder to shoulder, if I could. "It's going to be very hard on your mother. She has been very fine so far. But mothers have a way of lying awake in FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS 45 the darkness and talking to the God of their boys at such times. She has and she will. She is giving all she has; all she can give; and she does it, thank God, with a brave heart. But you are her all. It isn't easy. It's no use to say it is. "But you have a wonderful chance to repay her. You are going into a big thing, standing for a big idea. But don't for- get that the biggest thing about a principle or a battle or an army is a man. . . . Don't forget that when you are invited somewhere to hang up your hat, it doesn't mean to hang up your conduct also. Think of every woman you meet as a member of your mother's sex, and treat her accordingly. Think of every girl you meet as you would Nell, and treat her as you hope every chap in the camp near us will treat her. . . . And when you come back I want to feel that, clean-blooded and clear-eyed, you can look your mother straight in the eye, and that she will feel that most glorious of all exaltations that come to a mother when her mother-heart says within her, 'Thank God, my boy has kept the faith!' " MEN FIND THEMSELVES IN CRISIS. Coningsby Dawson, of British Columbia, who enlisted and served in the British Army in France, wrote many letters back to his parents from the battle-lines. These have been published in a book entitled "Carry On." In one of the letters, written soon after crossing the Atlantic, he says: "Now that at last it has come this privileged moment for which I have worked and waited my heart is very quiet. It's the test of character which I have often doubted. I shall be glad not to have to doubt it again. Whatever happens, I know you will be glad to remember that at a great crisis I tried to play the man, however small my qualifications." In his last published letter were these words: "This war is a prolonged moment of exultation for most of us we are redeeming ourselves in our own eyes. To lay down one's life 46 PATRIOTIC ILLUSTRATIONS for one's friends once seemed impossible. All that is altered. We lay down our lives that the future generations may be good and kind, and so we contemplate oblivion with quiet eyes. Men die scorched like moths in a furnace, blown to atoms, gassed, tortured. And again other men step forward to take their places, well knowing what will be their fate. Bodies may die, but the spirit of England grows greater as each new soul speeds upon its way." THE OLD NAVY AND THE NEW. "To come off leave sober thirty years ago was a sailor's disgrace. To-day it is his pride!" So declared Rear- Admiral Wood at the opening of the Navy Building at Charleston. Ensign Crosby, taking this as his text, wrote a wonderful account of the honor of the present navy, in which he stated: "During a period of three months that one of our greatest ships was in port for repairs, there were sent ashore on liberty over thirty-three thousand men (that is, thirty- three thousand leaves), who, arriving on the dock, were free to choose their own recreation. Out of this total, only fifteen reported back to ship late, and only eight were under the influence of liquor! Truly a record to be proud of. Indeed, what civilian community of like size can equal itf It reveals the navy's high efficiency." PRESIDENT'S COUNSEL TO SOLDIERS. The first soldiers for the American Army raised under the draft law, in September, 1917, were welcomed into the nation's service by President Wilson in a most cordial and affectionate manner. Here is his message: "To the Soldiers of the National Army: You are under- taking a great duty. The heart of the whole country is with you. Everything that you do will be watched with the deepest interest and with the deepest solicitude, not only by those who are near and dear to you, but by the whole nation besides. FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS 47 For this great war draws us all together, makes us all comrades and brothers, as all true Americans felt themselves to be when we first made good our national independence. The eyes of all the world will be upon you, because you are in some special sense the soldiers of freedom. Let it be your pride, therefore, to show all men everywhere not only what good soldiers you are, but also what good men you are, keeping yourselves fit and straight in everything, and pure and clean through and through. Let us set for ourselves a standard so high that it will be a glory to live up to it, and then let us live up to it and add a new laurel to the crown of America. My affectionate confidence goes with you in every battle and every test. God keep and guide you." WHAT " AMERICAN MANHOOD" MEANS. To-day, as never before, American manhood must l>e clean. We must have fitness. America stands in need of every ounce of strength. We must cut out the two cancers of drink and social evil if we would quickly win this war. May America fear moral disease more than German bullets. Those who do the most for clean living and clean thinking do the most for the victory that will make a better world. Secretary of the Navy Daniels, 1917. TWO ENEMIES COMPARED. M. S. Grady, in a letter published in Grit, calls attention to the difference in the enemies of the Civil War and the Germans, the enemies of the United States and other nations in the world war. In the days of 18C1-65, "when officers and men were forced to search an enemy's house, they knocked at the door for admittance, raised their caps and talked bareheaded to the woman of the house, asked to be excused for intruding upon the privacy of the home, explaining that duty demanded that the house be searched from cellar to garret. Then, after this 48 PATRIOTIC ILLUSTRATIONS duty was performed, the officer thanked her and bowed himself and men out of her presence. "Quite a contrast in our enemy of to-day, is it notl There were no assaults and outrages upon defenseless women and girls, little children were not persecuted and made hideous cripples, babies were not snatched from their mothers' arms and killed before their eyes. The men were gallant and courteous, and fought on both sides as men, and when tho war was over they clasped hands as brothers, and many a happy marriage took place between our Northern and Southern lads and lasses. "As the war with Germany goes on, and we learn more and more of the awful deeds enacted by the enemy, we wonder if it will ever be possible for us to respect and consider Germany as a brother nation. The deepest regret is not that our boys are forced to fight, but that they are called to fight a foe seem- ingly devoid of all sense of honor and modesty, and cruel beyond expression. ' ' PERSHING'S CARE FOR HIS MEN. Perhaps no officer in the history of the world ever manifested such genuine interest in the welfare of his soldiers as did General Pershing, who was sent to France in charge of our forces over there. Dr. Luther H. Gulick, who returned from France after two months' study of the moral conditions of the American army, said the most reassuring thing he got was General Persh- ing 's attitude toward his men: "On his breakfast table every morning is a report on the condition of the men from the different parts of the field. He has reduced the rate of venereal disease below that of any army in the world, and way below that of the civilian rate in America. Up to the date of my sailing for America (spring of 1918) it was but one-third of one per cent. This means that there is only one man out of each three hundred who is incapacitated for service by venereal disease. This is lower than can be found FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS 49 among any other group of men in America or elsewhere. The army, instead of debauching men, is cleaning them up, making a more moral atmosphere, and giving them better opportunities for clean recreation than any city or town in America. "No soldiers debark until there are adequate preparations on shore to take care of them in ways that are clean and fine. . . . On their leave they can go to Aix les Baines, to which place have been moved the best operas from Paris, where seats were from $3 to $7 apiece, and given to the soldiers with seats at twenty cents apiece. The speakers, singers, quartets, bands and players are among America's most noted. "No such piece of team-work designed to improve the fiber and grip and fighting quality of men has ever been put up as between General Pershing and the Y. M. C. A. Never in the history of the world were men given such splendid ways to fill their hours." HELPING ENLISTED MEN TO LIVE CLEAN. No other Government ever before made such determined and far-reaching efforts to aid its soldiers and sailors in living the clean life as did the United States after calling the young manhood of the country to the national colors in the war against Germany the war of democracy against autocracy. While the warring of these forces rages, there is always and ever another war the fight of the right against the wrong, the uplifting against the degrading, the clean against the unclean; the fight of self-respect and self-control against lust and passion and loss of manliness. When the United States Government announced its attitude toward these forces of evil, for the good of our enlisted men, it was just as determined to conquer as when it announced the policy of America against Germany. The forces of the under- world are just as far from real civilisation as the forces of the Kaiser. 4 50 PATRIOTIC ILLUSTRATIONS When our Government issued orders that all cities and com- munities within a certain radius of camps and naval stations must clean up and stay clean, the officials in most places took Uncle Sam at his word, and got busy driving out the saloons, gambling-joints and red-light inhabitants. Where the officials refused to do so, the Government did the job for them. Con- spicuous examples of this action are the cities of Vallejo and Philadelphia. In the latter city, where vice conditions were permitted to continue after the notice had been issued, the Government took the police department out of the hands of the mayor and hia appointees, and placed it in charge of Capt. William B. Mills. In assuming control he issued orders to the police force, among other things saying: "Get out of politics, pay no political assessments, forget your friends who want political favors, and do police work only, if you wish to hold your jobs. This is my first order, and it will not be repeated. " Eesponsibility for police work will reach from the patrol- man on his beat all the way up the line. "And remember, orders will be issued once. There will be no reminders." CHILDHOOD GERMAN CHILDREN IN REFORMATORIES. , Not only did German cruelty, well directed and intentional, greatly afflict the children of Belgium and France, but it has reacted upon the children of Germany. A report sent out from Amsterdam stated that Westphalia, considered the worst part of Germany in this regard, had only 4,832 prosecutions of minors in 1913, the year before the war began, against 25,000 euch prosecutions in 1917. The average increase in juvenile crime for all Germany was given as nearly four times as large FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS as in. 1913. According to a director of a big reformatory, who gave out these figures, reformatories all over the country were filled to overflowing and the authorities at their wit's end as to what to do with the ever-growing number of candidates for such institutions. SUICIDE OF CHILDREN IN GEBMANY. The Atlanta Journal quotes a Berlin paper as authority for the statement that among the schoolchildren of Germany there is at least one suicide a week, which ia attributed largely to the ruthless school system prevailing, and which existed for years before the war. The German idea of kultur and efficiency is so strict and exacting that it has largely taken the joy out of child- life and crushed the child's spirit into a mold of heartless discipline, the one purpose of which is to make the child a competent slave for the empire. Children barely out of baby- hood are hustled into the hands of severe educational drill- masters. A process of schooling that kills fragile bodies, and crushes every free and generous impulse, was the ideal of Prussianism. And this is the kind of civilization that Germany wished to fasten upon the world, under the domination of the Kaiser 1 THE LOVE OF CHILDREN. Men who are truly great are possessed of noble minds, tender hearts, love of the pure innocence of childhood and the sacred- ness of motherhood. Measured by these standards, there are but few really great men in Germany to-day instead, they are great brutes. When Marshal MacMahon had won the battle of Magenta, and was entering Paris amid the plaudits of the thousands, a little girl approached him with a bouquet which she held up in her childish way. The great man stopped and picked her up, placing her before him on the saddle. She put her little arms 52 PATRIOTIC ILLUSTRATIONS around his neck and kissed the soldier's bronzed face, and he returned her caresses as tenderly as a father. Not all his brave deeds called forth so much applause as this one simple act. Here was the measure of the man. A DOLL AS A WAE "ORPHAN." Lieut. Jack O'Brien, who was relieved from the French Foreign Legion to do recruiting service in Canada, used a doll with great effect in his campaigns. He explained that the doll was handed to him by a seven-year-old girl in France, with the request: "I want you to take my dolly to freedom." The Germans were then approaching the village in which she lived, which they finally captured. Later they were driven back, and Lieutenant O'Brien said: "I found the town a scene of terrible desolation. Among the dead was the little doll-mother who wanted her 'baby' to have the freedom of which she had been robbed. I buried her in the village from which the Germans had been unable to drive her, and promised myself that I would indeed take her dolly to freedom. ' ' MILLIONS OF EMPTY CRADLES. A correspondent of the London Times, in May, 1918, gave some startling figures on the decrease of population of European nations, aside from the millions of deaths due to the war. In terms of percentage he says Germany lost 5; Austria, 5; Hungary, 7; Italy, 3; France, 6; Great Britain, 4. He sums up the situation in these words: "War empties cradles, while it fills graves. It is no exag- geration to say that the war, by the fall of the birth-rate, has cost the belligerent countries of Europe not less than 12,500,000 potential lives." Add to these the number of the killed and those dying from disease and wounds, the grand total had up to that date reached FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS 53 the astounding total of approximately twenty million lives. One of the dark phases of the situation is that the nations lost through war the very best of their men, leaving the weakened and otherwise undesirable to become the fathers of future gen- erations. It will require many years to overcome the handicap due to the war along the line of numerical and physical strength. AMERICAN BABIES IN ONE YEAR. During 1917, according to figures compiled by baby-welfare organizations, 2,678,000 babies were born in the United States. This is considered very encouraging for the future welfare of the race, for these babies will not be taught national greed and cruelty as they grow up into manhood and womanhood, as is the custom in Germany. It should be considered an encouraging fact, also, that in the same year the birth of babies in Germany decreased 50 per cent. No friend of humanity can rejoice in the increase of a population which means no good fortho world. At the same time one can not help but feel sympathy for the mites of humanity in Germany. It is to be hoped that with monarchy there dethroned the rule of kindness and love shall take its place. COINCIDENCE WAR AS A GREAT LEVELER. The Wall Street Journal tells the story of Jack McFadden, a popular society leader, who was serving in the French ambu- lance corps. While on the battlefield he picked up a soldier who was so badly wounded he could not talk at first. Placing him on his back, McFadden carried him to the ambulance. On the way the man's cheek, with two weeks' growth of stubbly beard, rubbed against McFadden 's smoothly shaven chin. "Excuse me, Mr. McFadden," said the soldier, who suddenly had found his voice, "I couldn't help it." 54 PATRIOTIC ILLUSTRATIONS "Why, that's all right," said the society leader, "but how do you know my nameT" "The last night you were in New York you were at a dinner party at the Biltmore. Do you remember ?" the soldier asked. ' ' Perfectly, ' ' answered M cFadden. "I was your waiter that night," said the wounded soldier. We can imagine McFadden pressing the fellow a little closer to his heart, glad that he could serve him now. TROUBLES MULTIPLIED. A soldier in the English Army wrote home as follows, accord- ing to a Philadelphia paper: "They put me in barracks; they took away my clothes and put me in khaki; they took away my name and made me 'No. 575'; they took me to church where I'd never attended before, and made me listen to a sermon forty minutes long. Then the parson said, 'No. 575, art thou weary, art thou languid f and I got seven days in the guard- house because I answered that I certainly was." REMARKABLE WAR SOUVENIR. Of the many unusual things that happened during the big war, here is one related by the Pall Mall Gazette: A British aviator flying over the German lines was soon in the midst of a whining swarm of bullets. The Germans in the trenches were firing straight up at his machine, evidently hoping to pierce his gasoline tank. With wonderful self-possession he watched their operations, when all of a sudden he saw a bullet slowly ascend the last few feet of its maximum height. To him it seemed to stop perfectly still for an instant, and he quickly reached for it, grabbed the bullet and put it in his pocket to keep as a souvenir. So exceptional was this incident, it is safe to presume that no other soldier of all the millions in the great war obtained a souvenir under similar circumstances. FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS 55 COMRADESHIP THE WISE SEA-GULL. H. M. Delanty, an officer at the naval training-station at the University of Washington, in a letter to a friend, shows how even sea-gulls love the sailor, associating the blue with their native instincts of home life: "While motoring in eastern Washington, accompanied by a bluejacket, we came on a sea-gull, sitting on a fence post, the picture of despair. On getting a look at the sailor, the bird set up a chattering as if he had met a long-lost brother. The gull associated the bluejacket's uniform with the sea, and rightly reasoned we were headed for salt water. He followed us forty miles, chirping with delight as he wheeled around and around our machine. ' ' When the sea-gull sees the blue of the sailor's uniform, it feels a sense of comradeship. We Americans know how to sym- pathize with this bird of the seas, for when we see the red, white and blue of the American flag floating anywhere in this big world we at once feel at home. "THE BELOVED CAPTAIN." Donald Hankey, who gave his life for France, fighting as a subject of Great Britain, wrote in "A Student in Arms" of hia captain: "We felt that he was a credit to us, and we resolved to be a credit to him. There was a bond of mutual confidence and affection between us, which grew stronger and stronger as the months passed. He had a smile for every one, but we thought that he had a different smile for us. We looked for it and were never disappointed. On parade, as long as we were trying, his smile encouraged us. It was not monotonous like the smile of 'Sunny Jim.' It meant something. When we failed him, when 36 PATRIOTIC ILLUSTRATIONS he was disappointed in us, he did not smile. He did not rage or curse. He just looked disappointed, and that made us feel far more savage with ourselves than any amount of swearing would have done. It was not what he said. He was never very good at talking. It was just how he looked. And this look of displeasure and disappointment was a thing we would do any- thing to avoid. The fact was that he had won his way into our affections. We loved Mm. And there isn't anything stronger than love, when all's said and done." WHEN A FELLOW FINDS A DAD. While Dr. Allen A. Stockdale was at Camp Sheridan a soldie- remarked to him: "Stockdale, while these Y. M. C. A. huts are open, it makes a fellow feel as if he had a dad in camp." From this remark Dr. Stockdale wrote the following poem, pub- lished in Association Men: "It's a bloomin' new experience When a fellow goes to war; Sure you're brave and know exactly What your country's fighting for. But the camp life is not home life, Nor the days like what you had, And there often comes the feeling That you'd like to talk to Dad. "Soon you see the T* huts open On the job from morn till night, With a husky bunch of workers And the stuff that steers you right. They are quick to tell a fellow What is good from what is bad, And you feel when they're around yon That in camp you have a Dad. "Mother's tender love is with you, 'Round your heart it throws a spell, And her honor-call controls you, Love more precious none can tell. But the counsels of a father, In a world gone fighting mad, Is a help a fellow longs for From the cool old head of Dad. FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS 57 "So you seek the 'T' hut often, Clean and active, made for man; You believe they really mean it When they say, 'Come when yon can.' There you get a lift in thinking When your whole insides are sad, For the strong men in the 'Y' huts Take the place in camp of Dad." ''COMRADES IN SERVICE." This is the name of an organization started for soldiers in the army of Uncle Sam, by Dr. O. D. Foster, formerly on the Faculty of the University of Chicago, and later religious director of the Army Y. M. C. A. at Camp Custer, Mich. From the first the organization enlisted members rapidly in many of the can- tonments, and had a most wonderful influence in building up and maintaining high standards of conduct among the soldiers. The only pledge the Comrades took was printed on a card, as follows : "Having answered the call of my country and recognizing that on me falls the obligation, as a soldier of the American Army, to be the strongest and best man possible in service, and realizing my need of help in meeting this obligation, I do hereby pledge myself to an organization known as 'Comrades in Ser- vice,' to be maintained in the company of which I am a member, for the purpose of enlargement and enrichment of character and life." Swearing, gambling and the unclean story were practically eliminated from some of the cantonments through the Comrades' work, says one writer. Hundreds of instances of the good influ- ence of the organization could be given similar to one in a cantonment where, at a meeting of the Comrades, a big private offered the following prayer: "O God, I know I'm a tough guy, but I want to amount to something and live straight and white. I want to do something worth while for the other fellows what needs it worse than I do. 58 PATRIOTIC ILLUSTRATIONS I hope you'll come across and let Jesus be our chum. Make us hard-workin ' and talk good and do good, and " Here the strong soldier in khaki broke down, and, quivering with emotion and with feelings he could not express, sat down. Soon the soldiers went out from the room with a strange light in their eyes, and a determination to make a stronger, cleaner army. CONSERVATION STANDING THE TEST. During the days when the American people were required to practice economy by ' ' Hooverizing, " Dorothea Childs, of the Los Angeles High School, wrote the following (with apologies to Kipling) : "If you can eat your grab when all about you Are Hooverizing theirs, and saving too; If you can eat and eat, and make them doubt you, By thinking that to Hoover you are true; If you can eat and not be sick by eating, And still look patriotic and 'TJ. S.,' And talk about 'how Uncle Sam is beating The Germans by a long sight,' so you guess t If you can drink your coffee without thinking Of only putting in one lump or two, But throw in four without an eyelash blinking, And fool 'em all by looking sad and blue I If yon can manage to get fat, and fatter, Without exciting people to suspect That of this food control and 'Hoover mattei Tou take the leading 'antis' so select; And if you think you'll fool 'em all the season You'll soon find out, before all's said and done, That Hoover will be asking for the reason, And what is more he'll get you soon, my son." PERMANENT BENEFITS MAY RESULT. As a result of enforced conservation of certain food products, compelling people to use other substances, some predict per- manent benefit, claiming that many new combinations have proven helpful and wholesome. The sentiment is expressed in the fol- FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS 59 lowing words, sung to the tune, "The End of a Perfect Day," at a Bible-class conservation banquet held in the First Presby- terian Church of Atlantic City, N. J. : "When you come to the end of a meatless day, And you peacefully lie in your bed, Let your thoughts revert in an amusing way To the food which to-day you've been fed. When you think of the cheese and the beans and fish And oysters you've had to eat, Do you feel regrets for the 'good old day' ? Did you really miss that meat? "Well, this is the end of a wheatless day; You have eaten no cookies nor pie; You have had no bread that was made with wheat; It was made out of corn and rye. But you'll like it so well that, when war is past, And a glorious victory won, You'll keep on observing these 'wheatless' days, And you'll chew rye bread for fun I" GOOD ADVICE FOE WIVES. The Boston Transcript says the best food-conservation slogan to date is: "Don't stuff your husband, but husband your stuff." "Kaiser Bill he went up-hill To whip the American nation. Bill fell down and lost his crown He stuck on conservation." CONSISTENCY A LOGICAL MIND. A new recruit was on sentry duty for the first time at night, when he saw some one approaching. "Who comes there?" he challenged sharply. "The officer of the day," said the other. "Then," was the sentry's unexpected inquiry, "what in Sam Hill are you doing out at night?" 60 PATRIOTIC ILLUSTRATIONS BONDS AND BONDAGE. In St. Louis, during the third Liberty Loan drive, five hun- dred saloon-keepers were ordered to appear before the Excise Commissioner and produce evidence that they had purchased Liberty Bonds. Those who had not done so were denied a renewal of their license. Inasmuch as saloons place many of their patrons under bondage as enslaving and cruel as German autocracy, those who make money out of the business should at least be willing to help bring about liberty for others. SAYING AND DOING. Undemonstrative persons are often misjudged. We Ameri- cans place so much stress upon "pep" with noise in it that we sometimes forget the quiet man may possess more real loyalty than a dozen of the "hurrah" kind. Ponder these lines: He didn't rave when the Banner Was passing by in parade; He sometimes forgot to arise When the National Air was played. He didn't enthuse at the bugle, Or the speeches the mayor read He'd lost his lote for the country, The people around him said. He didn't come to the town hall, Cram-full of us patriots bold, Who gloried long to the echo When tales of prowess were told. He seemed to think we were boasting We growled at the things he said We thought him poltroon and coward, And that's why we cut him dead. But now we've found that the cheering Isn't all that the Nation needs; That noisy toasts to the Banner Had better be backed by deeds. Misjudged him) Sure; and I tell you That some of us feel quite queer, To think that he's in the trenches, And all of us loud ones here I FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS CO-OPERATION MORMONS RELEASE MUCH GRAIN. For the first time in a generation the great granaries of the Mormon Church in Utah were empty when, in June, 1918, the church officials turned over to the U. S. Food Administration 250,000 bushels of wheat which had been saved on the tithing plan established by Brigham Young, the object being to create reserve supplies that would protect the people against a day of possible famine. The system in Utah is that the Mormons who are farmers contribute one-tenth of their crops each year for the reserve supply. GREETINGS TO OUR ALLIES. We're Yankees, and there are a lot of us, And we're coming, from preacher to sot of us; There's a whole nation-wide melting-pot of ns, And we're with you for all that we've got of us. The Land of the Free is the nest of us, And we're fighting, 'cause deep in the breast of us We know, though it may take the best of us, We must make the world clean for the rest of us. (. Ray Phelps, in Oakland Tribune (1917). A LAW-ABIDING ARMY. Joseph H. Odell, writing in The Lookout, one year after America entered the world war, says that one of the most astounding things about the cantonments was the ease with which the heterogeneous mob settled down into orderly, obedient and cheerful units. He referred to a statement from Maj.-Gen. J. Franklin Bell concerning Camp Upton, L. I., which was prac- tically true of all the camps in the country: "We have a democratic army, where no one shirks, but every one does his utmost to help. Do you know that we have had the troops at Camp Upton, thirty thousand of them, for two 62 PATRIOTIC ILLUSTRATIONS months, and not a single court-martial? We have had no court- martial because nobody has done wrong intentionally. We are all learning, beginners as it were, but all of us are doing our best." AMERICA'S ALLIES IN THE WAR. Their trials, our trials, nothing can abridge; Their Verdun, our Verdun, ghosts of Vimy Ridge. Their ocean, our ocean ; ever must it be Their safety, our safety, on the rolling sea. Their sorrows, our sorrows; history will tell Their losses, our losses, in a seething hell. Their wounded, our wounded, all to us the same; Their triumph, our triumph, Victory its name I Their future, our future, when "the die is cast" ; Their soldiers, our soldiers, brothers to the last. Irving J. A. Miller, in Grit. TO HELP GREAT BRITAIN. England's provinces responded loyally to the call of the mother country in her time of threatened danger from the Ger- mans. Some of them sent tens of thousands of soldiers many thousand miles overseas to fight for human liberty. Among them, in addition to Canada, Australia and New Zealand stand out conspicuously. Those who followed the progress of war events no doubt often saw mention of the brave deeds of the "Anzacs" -the successive letters of that coined word standing for ' ' Australia New-Zealand-Army-Corps. ' ' FILIPINOS DO THEIR PART. Fourteen months after the United States entered the war to make the world safe from Hun rule, twenty thousand Filipino soldiers were trained and ready for service in France, as a part of the American Army under General Pershing. Brig.-Gen. Thomas L. Hartigan, of Manila, says of them: "There are no better soldiers in the world than the Filipinos. They take to military training naturally, and their development FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS 63 is amazing. Physically, there are no better men anywhere. Their muscular development is almost unbelievable. Their mental growth is in keeping with their physical development. They will drill cheerfully all day. Their bravery makes them ideal soldiers. The Philippine Division is commanded by about three hundred American and six hundred native officers, who have been grad- uated from training-camps." OUE PAET. Our part may not be at the front, Where cannon roar and thunder. Our part to plan 'midst war's dark ban The type of new world wonder 1 Ours to keep what they shall win In Death's great holocaust; Ours to see, though we anxious be, The part reserved for us. t Ours to back with soul and might Those at the battle-front; Force back the sigh, stifle the cry, For those who bear the brunt. Ours to rally "round the flag And ever loyal be ; Make freedom strong, put down the wrong, For all eternity I H. M. Griffiths, in High School. EAILEOAD SHIPPED TO FBANCE. During the third year of the world war, when there was a possibility of a crisis in handling supplies on the western front in France and Belgium, Canada tore up one thousand miles of railway to meet the emergency. The rails were shipped to France to be relaid there in building the necessary tracks from a French port to the fighting-line. After our Government took over the railroads of America, Mr. McAdoo, appointed as director of the same, ordered one hundred thousand new box and coal cars to meet the increased shipping demands of Government materials for prosecuting the war. 64 PATRIOTIC ILLUSTRATIONS WHO MADE THIS FLAG? A flag was raised over the Jamestown worsted-mills which was made of wool from American sheep, sorted by an American, carded by an Italian, spun by a Swede, warped by a German, dressed by an Englishman, drawn in by a Scotchman, woven by a Belgian, supervised by a Frenchman, inspected by an American, scoured by an Albanian, dyed by a Turk, examined by an Irish- man, pressed by a Pole. Where else could this be true except in the "land of the free and the home of the brave"? Phila- delphia Public Ledger. OF ONE MIND. Our hands and our boys' hands Are joined in a grip unbroken, Though they fight in far stern lands 'Mid tragedies unspoken. Our eyes and our boys' eyes Gleam with one high decision. Our skies and their skies Shine with one bright, dear vision. Our wills and our boys' wills Are tense for the great endeavor. One thought our mind fills: All peoples free forever. Our lives and our boys' lives Are gifts to the mother nation, While the new world in travail strives For birth's great consummation. Lynn H. Hough, in Epworth Herald. i COURAGE COSSACKS' AMAZING HORSEMANSHIP. The Cossacks, who claim to be pure Russian stock, and point proudly to the fact that they fought for Russia as far back as the tenth century, now number about 1,600,000 men. They are capable of doing almost anything in the saddle, and amuse them- selves by such feats as leaping from the saddles while the horses FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS 65 are going at full gallop, and then remounting, springing from one horse to another, riding double, snatching from the ground a man supposed to be wounded, and picking up coins as they hang head downwards from the saddle, while the horse is travel- ing at full speed. The Cossacks, by reason of their military prowess, have for centuries past lived on land granted them by the Bussian Government as part payment for the military service required of them. Tit-Bits, 1917. PRAYING SOLDIER PROMOTED. The "Washington Post published this incident: A soldier at Camp Meade, who knelt beside his cot every night in prayer, before retiring, was jeered and mocked by his associates in his barrack house. Everything possible was done to make life miserable for him. The captain of the company heard of their conduct, and made it a point to watch and listen. For three nights he heard the ridicule heaped upon the fellow who had grit enough to obey his conscience. On the third night the captain broke in upon the group and severely reproved the scoffers. Then, turning to the young man on Ms knees, he said: "I shall recommend that you be made the first sergeant of this company." The recommendation was promptly approved by the regi- mental commander. Another paper, in mentioning the incident, said: "The captain ought also to be promoted." BOY CAPTURES TWO GERMANS. Two Germans who had escaped from a prison camp near London were walking along a road when they encountered Thomas Gibson, a sixteen-year-old boy, who was small for his age. He was carrying a shotgun, and forced the two to walk ahead of him to the nearest police station. Although his gun was not loaded, the Germans did not know it. He recognized them from a newspaper picture as fugitive enemies. 5 66 PATFUOTIC ILLUSTRATIONS "WHAT'LL WE DO WHEN WE'RE BACKf" A poem by Robert E. Brown, in Association Men, pictures the dissatisfaction of soldiers, after the war, with the things that once satisfied a round of life in the store, the shop, the field; of social affairs and a general condition of ease. "Who wonders that men who have danced with death, And thrilled with the strange embrace, Would rather die than come home to lie In the arms of an indolent peace!" He asks, and then proceeds: "This we will say battles are hero waiting your courage and skill; Waiting to test your manhood out brains and heart and will." A portion of the rest of the poenT follows : "Battles demanding as brave a soul as ever a soldier had, Battles between the false and true, between the good and bad. Greed is here, and lust and pride, foes of freedom's increase; For every blow you've struck in war there's a hundred to strike in peace. "Enemies trenched and armed and trained, sneering at moral law; Enemies fighting with dollars and votes, rather than tooth and claw; Brutal foes of womanhood pure, and childhood glad and free; What care they for the wrath of God or the threats of such as we! "What'll we do when the war is o'er? Finish the fight at home I For all the cost of a world at war will be waste till that is done. Belgian, Armene, Servian, Pole and millions more beside Will still be bound with the tyrant's chains perhaps you'll think he died ? "Well, change your 'think' ; he'll still be here, no war has hurt him much ; So, homeward come in your fighting mood, come home for a closer clutch. Grapple the spirit of evil here as you've gripped his body there; Live in peace as you liye in war, with a soldier's do and dare." FACING THE FIRE OF RIDICULE. Rev. A. C. Preston, who was camp pastor at Camp Sheridan, Ala., told in the Christian Endeavor World of a soldier in the 146th Infantry who was called "Smiles" by his comrades, because he was always cheerful. At night he would read his Bible and say his prayers aloud by his cot. The corporal of the FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS 67 squad made things just as hard for this soldier as possible, but, no matter how disagreeable the task assigned, he would just smile. The captain of the company heard of the rough treatment, so one night about bedtime took occasion to walk by this par- ticular tent. He found ' ' Smiles ' ' upon his knees and the others gambling. He also heard a coarse remark from the corporal to the praying soldier. The captain then and there told the corporal what he thought of him, and that the one he was ridiculing could outdrill him any day. Before taking his departure the captain ordered that the others were to be confined to the com- pany street for two weeks for gambling, and that "Smiles" was to be let alone. Not long after this the corporal was sent to the hospital with a severe case of pneumonia. A few days later it was said he could not live. That afternoon he sent a message to ' ' Smiles ' ' to come and pray with him, notwithstanding the latter was on the drill-field. The captain at first objected to releasing him from the drill, but the one whom the captain had found upon his knees in his tent while the rest were gambling, said to him: "Captain, my corporal is dying, and has sent for me." Then permission was readily granted. In the hospital the brave soldier knelt by the bed of his corporal, who had persecuted him, and prayed earnestly that his life might be spared. The corporal recovered, contrary to the opinion of the doctors that he could not live, and one evening a few weeks later, when the captain again walked down the com- pany street, he looked in and found the whole squad studying the Bible, with "Smiles" as leader. HIS NERVE WAS TESTED. Of a hundred business men from a near-by city, who visited a camp of soldiers, one of them says that, in a tent where he sat talking to the men, a soldier asked if it was possible to live 68 PATRIOTIC ILLUSTRATIONS the Christian life in the army. A young man in khaki, who had been rather quiet, pointed to a tent across the way, and said: "In there is a youngster who has made it a rule night and morning to kneel by his cot and pray; this he has done in the face of ridicule and persecution, even the corporal joining in. The captain of the company is a Christian man, and a few days ago, after hearing of the treatment this boy was receiving, sent for him, but he wouldn't say a word about it, being unwilling to 'squeal' on his tent mates. The captain then sent for the corporal and got him to acknowledge he had persecuted the boy. Turning to him, he said: 'Corporal, you are reduced to the ranks.' Then addressing the other, he said: 'And you are pro- moted to the position of corporal.' To my mind," said the one who related the incident, "that's an example of what a fellow can be in camp if he has a mind to, and we all respect the boy for hia true courage." CONFESSED SAVIOUR BEFORE COMRADES. It is a fine thing to be possessed of sufficient courage to face any danger on the battlefield, but it is even better to have the necessary moral courage to follow the dictates of conscience in relation to the Christian life. J. S. Kobison, a Y. M. C. A. worker at Camp Jackson, sent a report of this splendid and unusual incident to Association Men: The camp pastor had been informed by the secretary that a certain soldier wished to take his stand for the Christian life, and be received into church membership. At that very moment the company to which the young man belonged was leaving the camp for the train, with orders to go to France. The pastor followed, hoping for an opportunity to speak to hini. They marched several miles, and finally, when they halted, the minister spoke briefly to the captain, stating his purpose in being there. The captain kindly called out the name of the soldier. Instantly a rugged youth stepped three paces to the FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS 69 front, and stood at attention while every man in the company watched him with keen eyes, wondering what was going to happen. The camp pastor stepped up and extended his hand. In answer to several questions, which the soldier answered in a clear, steady voice, the minister said he was ready to receive him into church membership, to which the young man responded heartily: "I am glad." With every comrade listening intently, there under the beau- tiful Southern sky, the minister clasped his hand and said : "I rejoice to receive you as a member into the church of Christ." ' ' To whom shall I send your certificate of membership I " he then inquired. With a slight quiver in hia voice, the strong young man in kh^ki replied : "Send it to my wife; she will put it in the little church at home." After a parting "God bless you," the captain gave the order, ' ' Forward, march ! ' ' With a new light in his eyes, and no doubt a new peace in his heart, the new soldier of Jesus Christ marched away with his comrades to fight for the very things for which he had just taken his courageous stand peace, honor, justice, truth and righteousness upon the face of all the earth. COWARDICE WHERE RANK DIDN'T COUNT. When Tim should have been on duty he was discovered by his sergeant in a hole, out of the reach of even a stray bullet. ' ' Get out of that ! ' ' commanded the sergeant ; ' ' get out of that hole immediately. ' ' The good-natured Irish face looked up pleasantly, but with stubborn resistance 'written on every feature as he replied: "Yez may be me superior officer, but O'im telling yez Oi found this hole fir-rst, sorr!" 70 PA TRIOTIC ILLUSTRA TIONS EXACTLY THE SAME. Simpson joined the army and learned to drill. One day he took part in a sham battle. He heard the general say before the battle started, "Everything is to be done exactly the same as in actual warfare." No sooner was the first blank cartridge fired than Simpson dropped his gun and took to his heels. "Hey! Simpson, what are you running away for, and going so fast?" shouted the general as the recruit dashed by him. ' ' Just as I would in actual warfare ! " he called back over his shoulder, gasping for breath. GOOD FOOT-EACEES. Said a German prisoner to a British soldier on guard: "You'll have to admit that in that last retreat of ours we didn't lose a man." "Nor a minute," quickly retorted the guard, and Fritz said no more. KAISEE SEES BATTLE BY TELESCOPE. Emperor William of Germany lost no opportunity, appar- ently, to impress his subjects with his greatness, and he was also an adept at appearing very courageous. On one occasion, after the Germans had made some advance on the battle-front, the Kaiser, who was near enough to see the fighting, called some soldiers to him as he was taking his departure, and told them of the success, saying: "Tell it to your comrades! Tell them that they, too, may rejoice I Tell them also that I have told you I, in the midst of the fighting!" This was reported by Karl Eosner, the Kaiser's favorite correspondent, otherwise it would be difficult to believe such con- ceit, even in the Kaiser. FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS _7J. Throughout the progress of the war he was frequently reported as being near the front about twenty miles to the rear, one reporter gave it. The emperor often watched the battles of his armies through a telescope. The comment of the St. Louis Post-Dispatch is very appropriate: "The point is that he was so far behind the line that he had to use a telescope ! ' ' CRUELTIES AEMS OF CHILDREN SEVERED. Emmett Hogan, an American soldier in France, wrote to his sister : "A person can not realize what war is until he sees what the French have endured during these years of war. In the town at the post at which we disembarked I saw many French babies and children without arms, legs, etc. In Paris it is said that facts are being preserved to show the world. If this is true, Germany will be an outcast of the civilized world for a century to come. Everybody here will be glad to come home when this is all over, but I don't believe there is an American here to-day who would return, even if it were possible, until Germany is beaten into the realization of her foolishness." Others have written of seeing Red Cross nurses with their wrists broken to prevent them ministering to wounded Allies. LIKE THE "HUNS" OF OLD. In response to the request, "Please give me the origin of the term 'Hun,' as applied to the Germans," Caleb Cobweb replied as follows in the Christian Endeavor World: "Huns were a savage and powerful nation, probably of Tartar stock, which originated in northern Asia, and in the fifth century, under the leadership of Attila, overran the Roman Empire and almost destroyed it. The Germans are called Huns 72 PATRIOTIC ILLUSTRATIONS because of the remark attributed to Emperor William, urging his soldiers to exceed the Huns in frightfulness. I believe that Budyard Kipling was the first to apply the epithet." A DISGRACE IN OUE HOMELAND. Americans, with the rest of the civilized world, have been horror-stricken over the atrocities of the Germans, many of us seemingly forgetful of our atrocities at home. The Christian Herald, in referring to the negroes' memorial to the President and to Congress on rynchings in the United States, calling atten- tion to the fact that the record shows 222 lynchings in this country in one year, says: "If we are to command the respect of the world, even our- selves, we must awaken to the hideous American atrocity that is occurring almost daily and with scarcely any public comment or official check. The well-behaved negro is no safer than the ruffian, for nearly all the colored victims of 1917 were subse- quently proved to have been innocent of the wrong-doing. It is not a sectional shame, for the most cruel of all massacres have taken place north of the Mason and Dixon line." Eev. C. A. Tindley, of the Colored Methodist Church, address- ing a conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church in June, 1918, turned to the flag in the auditorium and said, speaking for the negroes of America: "Old Glory, we have never stained you! And, Old Glory, wherever you go we have gone. We came from Bunker Hill to Antietam, from Antietam to San Juan Hill, from San Juan Hill to Mexico, and we are in the trenches now. Old Glory, when you come back, will you give my race a chance to livet Old Glory, will you try our criminals with moral justice? But do not lynch them give them a fair chancel If you do, we will clear your fields and stand with all your people on the edge of the Monroe Doctrine, daring any other nation of the world to trespass on it! " FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS 73 President Wilson, in a statement to the public July 26, 1918, condemned mob law in severe terms, closing with these words: "I can never accept any man as a champion of liberty, either for ourselves or for the world, who does not reverence and obey the laws of our own beloved land, whose laws we ourselves have made. He has adopted the standards of the enemies of his country, whom he affects to despise." "GERMANY REFORMING ITS ARMIES." The above headline in an American paper was followed by the statement: "Germany is reported to be enrolling criminals in her army. If there are enough yeggmen, murderers, sneak- thieves, swindlers and second-story porch-climbers to go around, such a step ought to raise the moral tone of the German army considerably. ' ' It might be that men of this class would object to fighting under such leadership as the unprincipled Kaiser, "the Beast of Berlin," and his officers. In many instances there has been found honor even among hardened criminals. A common mur- derer, who kills to enlarge his bank account, might well hesitate to join in the slaughter of women and children, and in com- mitting all sorts of atrocities upon them, just for the amusement of his superiors. LEST WE FORGET. Many Americans have the impression that the atrocities practiced by the Germans upon the Belgians, French and others in the great world war, were peculiarly distinctive to the war, entirely aside from the usual attitude of Germany toward weaker peoples. Lest we forget, it will be well for us to keep in mind this statement from a daily newspaper in a great Western city: "Cruel and bestial as Germany's conduct has been during the course of this war, it is no worse than her behavior for many years past in her South African and Polynesian colonies. 74 PATRIOTIC ILLUSTRATIONS Humanity stands aghast at the revelations of her worse than savage treatment of weaker races whose lives the German nation held in trust. A courageous German, Dr. Schaedler, speaking only a few years before the outbreak of the war, called the history of German colonies one of 'embezzlements, falsehoods, sensual cruelties, assaults upon women, horrible ill treatment.' Germany's murder of sixty thousand Herreros out of a total population of eighty thousand, turning one of her colonies into a vast graveyard, is but a single count in the long indictment against German colonial rule." GERMAN SOLDIERS GLAD TO SURRENDER. In one of the great battles in France, officers of the U. 8. Army found that many German soldiers were anxious to sur- render to the Americans, believing they would be treated humanely. One of the prisoners, a boy of eighteen, said German military draft officers came to his home when he was seventeen and showed false papers, making him eighteen, and that his parents objected to such proceedings, whereupon both were shot. "FRENCHMEN, NEVER FORGET." Rheta Childe Dorr, the newspaper writer, puts a vital ques- tion squarely before the American people: "Can you imagine what it would be for our soldiers to come home from the war and find their wives and daughters with German babies in their arms? This is what many French and Belgian soldiers have had to endure. You will not persuade any of these men to listen to arguments in favor of peace with- out victory. "All over France you will see in homes, in shop windows, on blank walls, a poster, bearing just three words: 'Frenchmen, Never Forget!' In the upper right-hand corner of the poster there is a picture of some woeful thing that has happened since the German hordes began to overrun the world. Sometimes the FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS 75 picture is of a burned and desolate village, a shattered hulk of what was once a beautiful old church. Oftener it is a picture of ruined womanhood, blasted childhood. "In the lower left-hand corner of the poster is a picture of a smooth German salesman trying to sell something in France. 'Frenchmen, Never Forget!' They never will forget. They have tenacious memories, our French allies." SOLDIER TELLS OF GERMAN GAS. A California soldier, with the American Army in Franc, wrote to a friend of the three principal kinds of gas used by the Germans: "When the gas shells are fired, a fellow wants to get his mask on in a hurry, or he will have a permanent home in France. A good whiff of it will kill him. The mustard gas eats right into your flesh, so a fellow has to cover himself. Then there is the tear gas, which affects the eyes and nearly blinds you." A fourth kind of German gas might be mentioned as "Kaiser gas." While the German soldiers were busy using the other kinds, the Kaiser was busy talking, talking, talking. His gas has caused more sorrow and suffering in the world than all the other kinds put together. It poisoned the minds of many of his own subjects, with false ideas of life; it has caused the spread of incurable diseases which have eaten "right into the flesh" of its victims; it has blinded the eyes of millions of women and children with tears that have fallen like rain amid the wreck and ruin caused by the Kaiser. No, the world has never before known anything so ghastly as "Kaiser gas." SCIENTIFIC CRUELTIES OF GERMANS. Dr. Newell Dwight Hillis, pastor of Plymouth Congregational Church, Brooklyn, N. Y., who was sent by the United States Government to Europe with the Bankers' Commission to ascer- tain at first-hand if the stories of German cruelties were true, 76 PATRIOTIC ILLUSTRATIONS told of what he saw, upon his return to America, and showed pictures of many of the terrible scenes witnessed. Pictures were exhibited of women, girls and children with their arms and legs hacked off, and their corpses in such condition that the most casual observer could but conclude as to the treatment they had received before death mercifully ended their agonies. He told of the crucifixion of girls; of the killing of old men and women; of the murder, under most revolting circum- stances, of over one hundred beautiful young women of Gerber- villiers; of the systematic poisoning of wells and other drinking- water; of the taking of one hundred thousand girls into slavery, and of other cruelties too terrible to print. During his recital of the atrocities in some of his public lectures, accompanied by pictures of cruelties that could not be denied, it was not an uncommon thing for women to cover their tear-dimmed eyes, and to hear men sob as they whispered venge- ance upon the head of the Kaiser and his followers. GERMAN CRUELTIES CENTURIES AGO. Pomponius Mela, a Roman Spaniard, whose writings appar- ently date from the year 42 A. D., gives a description of the Germans as they appeared in those days. Strange as it may appear, this account of their ancestors actually appeared in the Berlin paper called Tag, on March 5, 1917, from which it would seem, as a London paper says, that the present-day Germans are proud of the barbarity of their forefathers, and still show a desire to live up to the old customs of their race: "The Germans are of well-developed physique and courage, due greatly to their natural wildness. They accustom their bodies to all kinds of hardships and fatigue, and especially to cold, the younger generation remaining naked in all kinds of weather until they arrive at the stage of manhood. They live in a constant state of warfare with their neighbors, not really out of sheer lust for battle, or in order to extend their land FOR PUBLIC SPEAKER 77 possessions, but more out of pure wantonness. They find pleasure in seeing their peaceful neighbors suffer; they delight in destroy- ing the crops and plundering the villages of other more indus- trious tribes. "They are also not ashamed of open highway robbery, but, on the other hand, they show hospitality to their guests. "Raw flesh of wild as well as of tame animals is their staple food, and they camp in such places where good grazing-ground for their cattle is to be found. "They are of such warlike spirit and wildness that even the women take part in their battles, and, in order to have full freedom of their right arms, it is the practice to burn out the right breasts of all female children shortly after birth. "Biding and hunting is the day's work of young girls, and for an adult not to have killed an enemy is counted as a disgrace. ' ' GERMAN YOUTH TELLS OF BRUTALITIES. A young man living in America, who was born in a little village in Germany, about two hundred miles from Berlin, wrote a letter for the American Magazine on the subject, "Why I Don't Want the German Emperor to Rule Me," in which he showed that German cruelties were not a product of the big war: "As brother and I (we were twins) drew close to the age when every German has to give himself up to the monarchy and spend a required time in training for a soldier, our parents bought us tickets to America. Understand, we were not desert- ing because we were cowards, but because a soldier in Germany is looked down upon with shame, with fear, with dishonor; and if you saw the crimes these men standing behind the Emperor, guarding him, commit, you wouldn't wonder at the tales of the deeds the Huns are now practicing, deeds especially in regard to, young girls and women. Why, man and woman, these things have been occurring in Germany ever since I can remember 1 78 PATRIOTIC ILLUSTRATIONS "One scene I shall never forget, and this occurred one morn- ing when news was spread that soldiers were passing through our village. The women-folks flew into their little huts, down into the cellars, locked themselves up, and breathlessly, fearfully, refused to come out until they were convinced that every soldier had passed out of our village, and even then, in fear, they would not step out of the house for days." The writer says that after all plans were made for the sailing of himself and brother for America, his brother, thinking he was already free from German authority, gave his opinion of the German Emperor and the monarchy. The next morning he was arrested and that afternoon led away. The letter concludes: "In fear that they might take me, too, I sailed for America immediately. We never heard a word from my twin brother from that day to this, and have no idea what happened to him. That's only one reason of the many hundred more why I wouldn't care to live if the Emperor ruled the world." "THE MAD WOMAN OF DIXMUDE." Private Paul Stevens, of Santa Rosa, Cal., in writing a letter to a friend, sent a clipping from the Spiker, the monthly issued by the engineers with whom he was serving in France, telling of "the mad woman of Dixmude." Here are the facts as given: A few weeks after the war began this French woman saw German aeroplanes flying over the town in which she resided, dropping bombs. One of them destroyed her home, killing three of her children. Soon after this the Uhlans came experts in cruelty murdered her young son, severed the breasts of her nineteen-year-old daughter, then shot her dead before her mother's eyes. When the mother witnessed this last awful scene she went mad. So far as known, she had only one relative living, and to this home she was sent, in another town. Her insanity was not of the raving kind, so she was given the task of tending FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS 79 the cows, in the meantime weaving baskets from reeds while the cows grazed by the brookside. So passed the days for her, except when something would occur that seemed to remind her of the terrible tragedy in her life. For instance, when a cloud would pass between her and the sun, she would suddenly look up, gaze in fear, and shield her eyes with her hands as she searched the sky for the dreadful aeroplanes. Whether or not she would sight one of these birds of destruc- tion, it had the same effect, for her imagination pictured the horrible reality that had caused her mind to break. With her cane she would take aim upward in imitation of the anti-aircraft guns, then, as if the bombs were falling, run for shelter, covering her head with her arms. While the spell is on, she again sees the Uhlans drag her son into the yard, and draws back in terror as they stab him to death. Still in the sway of her awful agony, she clasps her breast as her mind pictures the soldiers overpowering her daugh- ter, draws her hand, knife-like, across her throat, then sinks to the ground, exhausted, and muttering to herself. After some of these spells she has been seen to sit for hours. The chill of approaching night arouses her, and, rounding up her cows, she starts for the village. Thus she lives and does her work, even while her poor, broken mind is practically a blank much of the time. Every one in that part of France knows of the tragedy of "The Mad Woman of Dixmude." GERMANS OBJECTED TO ENEMY CUBES. William Allen White, in some of his talks, throughout America, on German cruelties, told of a hospital being bombed a few miles back of the Allies' line on the French battlefield, not- withstanding it was marked in every possible way to show that it was a hospital carried huge red crosses on the main building and on the wings, and at night carried distinctive lights, placed 80 PATRIOTIC ILLUSTRATIONS by agreement on tho hospitals on both sides, in order that neither army should bomb them by mistake. German airmen fired pointblank into the doctors and nurses who were trying to get the patients out of the burning building, which German bombing had set on fire. On the final trip the Germans dropped a paper bearing this message: "If you don't want your hospitals bombed, move them farther back of the lines. ' ' This, as Mr. White explained, was to force the Allies to move the hospitals so far back that the wounded men would develop gangrene before it was possible to get them there, so they would be put out of the war entirely. It had been found that if wounds could be cared for within a few hours, danger from gangrene would be averted, and thus the soldier stood a good chance of getting back into the firing-line within a few days or weeks. Improved surgical methods, many of them dis- covered under the stress of war emergencies, permitted sending eighty per cent, of the wounded men back to the fighting forces within three or four weeks, if taken in time. Formerly it took months to effect the same cures. The bombing of hospitals, and the attempt to force them farther back of the lines, was a carefully studied plan of the Germans to reduce the fighting strength of the Allies. In other words, in German eyes the hospitals of their enemies were not for works of either mercy or efficiency so long as either of these results would help to hold back the hordes of the cruel and merciless Huns. THE BRUTALIZING GERMAN SYSTEM. Thousands of Americans, upon hearing of German atrocities, could hardly believe that the average German soldier would bo so brutal. A wonderful letter dictated by a soldier wounded in the Kaiser's army, while in a French hospital, and for whom there was no hope of recovery, throws much light on the subject, FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS 811 and to some may explain a condition that has been very perplex- ing. The letter was to his mother, who was an American woman, then living in the Netherlands. His father was a German and the son was born in Germany, hence a German subject. Extracts from the letter follow: "You dreamed to make me a great violinist. It was my dream, too, mother. All through my boyhood it made life a heaven for us together. When I entered the German army the dream left me. Something else entered my soul, ugly, cruel, stiff. I lost my individuality. I became a goose-step, a fear of my officer. I became a Prussian. When I finished my first service you took me to America. There a great freedom entered me, and I felt the old life. I dreamed again. You said to me, ' Fritz, you are a man again; you do not look a stone.' "Then the strange letter called us to Berlin that spring of 1914, promising me the wonderful situation in a publishing-house of music. So many others were called then. I went. War came, the great madness. I scarcely knew my own comrades, from their fierceness, that first night in the Unter den Linden, nor on the terrible march to Belgium. We were all mad, part of a mad system. But we went. Our souls were not our own. . . . We have been through hell in this war, mother. Many German boya have. I only want to tell you this now that who frees Germany from its rulers, frees a people from a suffering that has become the martyrdom of a nation. ... I am so glad to be out of it all. I die for no country. I die for a terrible egotism that has butchered a nation. Two Germans lie here dying with me. We have talked freely together at last. We begin to understand; That is the only light in this darkness." SATANIC INGENIOUSNESS. Sergeant Goad, a Scotchman who served over two years with the Canadian Army in France, and afterwards made a tour of America, telling of some of his experiences, related instances of 6 82 PATRIOTIC ILLUSTRATIONS German cruelty "not what I have heard," said he, "but what I have seen with my own eyes." "In one little shed, the door of which we opened, we found four bodies, victims of crucifixion, all apparently of one family. The man, whose hands were stretched to the side, with heavy nails driven through them, was placed face to the wall. The woman was treated the same way, except that her back was to the wall. A boy, with feet raised from the ground, so that the entire weight of his body was suspended from his pierced hands. A girl, in the same position as the woman, had evidently been killed outright after being nailed up, for her throat was cut. "An old man we found carrying the body of his fifteen- year-old daughter, whose breasts had been cut off. "An old woman who had gone mad was holding and crooning to a dead baby which she swung in her arms. There was a hole almost entirely through the body of the child, as if a large knife had been inserted and then turned round and round. "In one of our retreats we saw a boy of about seventeen trying to tie up the wound of a still younger brother. Later, in going back over the same ground, we found both bodies dead, with the eyes of the older one gouged out, and several gashes in his face. "In another little house we found the body of a woman who had been crucified with her hands clasped over each other, above her head, and suspended from the ceiling in front of her, the body of a boy of two or three years of age, with a hook through the back of his neck. Both had evidently been placed in these positions alive, for the blood had run down their bodies from the wounds. "We saw many with their noses cut off. If you have never seen a body thus treated, you have no idea how hideous a sight it is. "When we witnessed these cruelties, we would swear that we would treat the Germans the same way, but in our cooler FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS 83 moments we knew we would not do so. I can say before God that I never saw a British, French or Belgian soldier mistreat in any way a German prisoner or wounded man." DEATH "GOING WEST." This expression is said to have originated among the soldiers of the Allies on the west battle-front of France, in speaking of death, although some contend it was used by sailors over a quarter of a century ago. Dan W. Totheroh, a youth from San Francisco, wrote the following after enlisting in the United States Army: " 'Going West' isn't dying; It's just going west, to a glorified rest, As the setting sun, when the day is done, In a glory of red sinks low in the west, Never suggesting a thought of the dead But rather, of rising again in the morn A sun reborn I 'Going West' isn't dying It's just going west to a glorified rest." Lieutenant Odell, of the Twenty-fourth Canadian Battalion, says that what the soldier really means when he speaks of "Going West" is "going Home," the Home on the other side, beyond the setting sun. SOLDIER WANTED NO MOURNING. On April 21, 1918, Lieut. Dinsmore Ely, of -the U. S. Army, whose home was in Wisconsin, was killed in the aviation service in France. It happened that just a few days before his death he had written a letter to his father, which was received after the notice of his death had reached the family. In the letter was this paragraph: "And I want to say in closing, if anything should happen to me, let's have no mourning in spirit or dress. Like a Liberty 84 PATRIOTIC ILLUSTRATIONS Bond, it is an investment, not a loss, when a man dies for his country. It is an honor to a family, and is that a time for weeping? I would rather leave my family rich in pleasant memories of my life than numbed by sorrow at my death." The Christian Herald comments thus upon the incident: "A nation is rich indeed that raises such sons. Not our farms, nor mines, nor mills, nor banks, nor cars, nor ships, make our nation rich. It is the priceless loyalty of our young men like Ely." DYING FOE FREEDOM. A soldier in France, who was severely wounded in the head, asked a Christian worker who bent over him whether the wound meant he would be sent home to his mother or whether it meant death. "You are too far gone," was the reply; "you will never see mother again. Can I tell her anything for youf" "Yes," said the soldier, calmly, "tell her I am not afraid to die; I have found Christ. It is great to die for freedom." Then, pointing to his bleeding head, he said: "Yes, it is battered and broken, but it will be all right when I get the crown." In this faith he passed away as sweetly as a child going to sleep. WHERE EVERY ONE WAS KIND. Thomas Tiplady, in "The Soul of the Soldier," says: "The immediate presence of death at the front gives tone to every expression of life, and makes it the kindest place in the world. No one feels he can do too much for you, and there is nothing you would not do for another. Whether you are an officer or a private, you can get a lift on any road, in any vehicle, that has an inch of room in it. You need never go hungry while others have food. It may be a man's own fault that he took no food on the march, and his comrades may tell him so, but they will compel him to share what they have, just the same. FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS "AH this is the glamour of the front. England feels cold and dull after it. Kindness and comradeship pervade the air in France. You feel that every one is a friend and brother. It will be pretty hard for chaplains to go back to their churches. They have been spoiled by too much kindness. And after preach- ing to dying men who listen as if their destiny depended upon their hearing, how can they go back to pulpits where large num- bers in the congregation regard their messages as of less impor- tance than dinner that is, unless the war has brought changes there also!" DECEPTION SUDDEN CHANGES OF LIQUOR MEN. The Philadelphia North American, an advocate of prohibition, says that a number of years ago literature put out by the liquor interests stated that 600,000,000 bushels of grain were consumed annually in the manufacture of booze in the United States this for the purpose of deceiving the American farmers and impressing them with the big grain market afforded by the liquor trade; then when the big war came on and it was neces- sary for the United States to conserve grain in every possible way, statements were sent out from liquor headquarters that only 140,000,000 bushels of grain were annually used. Regardless of the inconsistency pointed out, the fact that the breweries and distilleries used about 140,000,000 bushels of grain each year in the manufacture of that which not only did not "help win the war," but hindered in the great work in hand, was little short of treason at a time when even children were asked to do without wheat and other nourishing substances, and all were asked to work and skimp and save to the utmost of their ability. But a business so contemptible, selfish, greedy and cursed as the liquor business could not be expected to possess either heart or patriotism, even in the most trying time in the world's history. 86 PATRIOTIC ILLUSTRATIONS It is no wonder that the American people are rallying for national prohibition, for the purpose of once and for all ending the legal existence of a traffic so un-American that it should never have been permitted to see the light of day in an otherwise highly civilized land. GERMAN MASSES IN THE DARK. The German war lords, in planning the conquest of other nations, made the masses of the people of that country believe that other nations would some day attack them. The spirit of fear had been drilled into them as a part of the propaganda to prepare them for the enormous sacrifices which the prepara- tions for war had entailed. Former Ambassador Gerard, who spent four years at the Imperial Court at Berlin, says of this state of mind: "This fear dates from the Thirty Years' War, the war which commenced in 1615 and was terminated in 1645. In 1648, when the Treaty of Westphalia was concluded, Germany was almost a desert. Its population had fallen from twenty million to four million. The few remaining people were so starved that canni- balism was openly practiced. In the German states polygamy was legalized and was a recognized institution for many years thereafter. "Of thirty-five thousand Bohemian villages, only six thousand were left standing. In the lower Palatinate only one-tenth of the population survived; in Wurtemberg, only one-sixth. Hundreds of square miles of once fertile country were overgrown with forests inhabited only by wolves." A TIME FOR WATCHFULNESS. A young man of twenty-one, at Albany, N. Y., who had been blind, was befriended by a good woman of that city, who gave him instructions as to how to earn a living, and took care of him in her own home. His sight began to improve until he FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS 87 was able to see her pocketbook and he took it. He was arrested and pleaded guilty to the theft. Numerous instances have been reported on the battlefields of France where soldiers of the Allies have befriended wounded Germans, and, while endeavoring to help them, were stabbed or shot by the very ones they were assisting. Germany's many peace offers were viewed with suspicion, and no doubt rightly. The autocratic power of the German Empire has proven that it can not be trusted. Kaiserism was as treacher- ous as the blind man, with his sight restored, stealing from his friend, and was the father of the treachery of German soldiers on the battlefield. DEFICIENCY A SADLY AFFLICTED VOLUNTEER. The press dispatches gave the report of a young man in Utah named Henry James, who applied for enlistment in the U. S. Marines at Salt Lake City. When he appeared before the examining physician he was given careful attention, for he seemed very anxious to enter the service of his country. He was much disappointed when told that he failed to meet the requirements. "What's the matter with me?*' he asked in surprise. "You've got scoliosis, phthisis and synoritis," was the sur- geon's reply. The young man blushed and was plainly much disturbed as the expression of amazement spread o'er his countenance. He turned to go, moving slowly toward the door, when the surgeon continued : "Not only that, you're troubled with slight astigmatism, also otitis media and chronic furmunculosis." ' ' Gosh ! ' ' was all the lad could say as he made a break for the door. PATRIOTIC ILLUSTRATIONS NOTED PHYSICIAN ON TOBACCO. The following is from an article in the No-Tobacco Journal, July, 1918, by Dr. Charles G. Pease, the well-known New York physician, a veteran of the Seventh New York Regiment: ' ' When we realize that a prize-fighter would never use tobacco, and that our soldiers are having it furnished to them, seriously undermining their efficiency and jeopardizing recovery from their wounds as every surgeon knows, as per abundance of scientific evidence, within the reach of all greatly lowering accuracy of aim (Bulletin Department of Health, City of New York, September 1, 1917), and ask the question, 'Which is of greater importance, the result of a prize-fight or the result of the war?' we have a picture of the condition of the human race which is appalling. To keep silence in the presence of the under- mining of the efliciency of our army and navy must of necessity constitute a crime against the state and the race." THE CIGARETTE AGAIN. If our country needed you for her defense, wouldn't you hate to think you had made yourself useless to her because you smoked cigarettes? At the time of the Spanish- American War ninety per cent, of the men who volunteered as soldiers, and were rejected because they were not physically able to do their part, were thrown out because they had smoked cigarettes till their hearts were no good. It looks as though cigarettes were unpatriotic, doesn't itf The American Boy. A SOLDIER'S VIEW OF TOBACCO. Dr. J. H. Kellogg gives, in the Good Health Magazine, the result of an interview with a mess sergeant in charge of a battalion in one of the large cantonments. Said the sergeant: "When the boys come here, most of them smoke cigarettes, but they soon find out they are harmful. When they drill with FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS 89 their rifles, for instance, they can not keep the pace. You can always see a number of these fellows trying to catch up and get into line. "And then they have hurdles to jump, sometimes three or four of them. Cigarette smokers that is, those who smoke con- siderably can not jump the hurdles. They go down." "Do the instructors tell the boys that cigarettes are respon- sible for their getting out of breath and failing to meet the requirements?" Dr. Kellogg inquired. "Yes, but they all know it perfectly well." "What do the medical officers say about it?" "Oh, they advise the boys not to smoke* But then, they do not have to be told, for every one of them knows that the smoking does them harm, and a number have stopped Smoking on that account. They simply have to cut out the cigarette to do the work expected of them," said the mess sergeant with deep conviction. "DECAY OF AMERICAN MANHOOD." Tinder the above caption, Dr. J. H. Kellogg, of Battle Creek, discussed in Association Men, October, 1917, the surprising rev- elations made by the work of getting together a large army for the United States. Here are some of his statements: "We are going down mentally and morally at a terrific rate. We have foes at home more deadly and destructive than our European enemies. Recent military examinations have brought out appalling facts. Major Orr, an officer in the regular army, tells us that two to three out of every four applicants for the army are rejected as physically unfit. Draft examinations show more than half our young men unfit for military training. "Eminent medical authorities tell us that every tenth man in the United States has been infected with syphilis. Canadian reports show that one in every seven or eight persons received into the Toronto General Hospital hap syphilis. This disease is 90 PATRIOTIC ILLUSTRATIONS becoming a greater menace than tuberculosis. It does not destroy its victim at once, but kills him by slow torture. A syphilitic father breeds syphilitic children, and so blights his progeny. ' ' Every State has laws requiring the reporting, isolation and quarantine of all infectious diseases. The law is enforced with every disease except syphilis and gonorrhoea. The public must be aroused to demand the suppression of the brothel. Men and women infected with syphilis" and gonorrhoaa must be put in quarantine the same as smallpox patients. "What are the causes of our increasing physical and moral decline? The causes are many. Among the most potent and direct are: The saloon, the brothel and the cigarette. The saloon is passing. But we haven't begun to fight the brothel, and we are encouraging the deadly cigarette. The cigarette is known to be an enemy of scholarship, of culture, of morals, of health and vigor, and yet it is tolerated. The millions of cigar- ettes now being fired at our soldiers will every one hit its mark and do its mischief. More American soldiers will be damaged by the cigarette than by German bullets. A campaign must be waged against the cigarette, the pipe and the cigar until tobacco is buried in the same grave with Barleycorn. We must begin a great campaign for biologic living." EACH SOLDIER'S LIFE PRECIOUS. Tfiat the United States Government had regard for each indi- vidual who desires to serve our country has been emphasized in a most striking manner. A medical officer with the rank of lieutenant was dismissed from the army and sentenced to serve one year in prison at hard labor because he made a careless diagnosis of a recruit at Camp Dix, N. J., and failed to furnish proper medical relief, resulting in the death of the young man. This showed that our Government proposed to care for the highest welfare of every enlisted man; that each one was regarded indi- vidually, and not simply as a small part of a great whole. FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS 91 ONE CAUSE OF SHELL SHOCK. The Good Health Magazine says: "Sir Thomas McClerae, the eminent associate of Dr. Osier in the authorship of his great work on medical practice, after a study of the conditions at the front (on the battlefields in France), unequivocally states that 'shell shock' and 'soldier's heart' are primarily due to tobacco. " There can be no doubt that Sir Thomas is right. The necessary effect of tobacco, as of any other poison, when habit- ually used, is to break down vital resistance. The body is less prepared than in health to meet any hardship, to rise above any emergency, to resist any form of attack which may be made upon it. "An increasing number of intelligent people are getting their eyes open to the fact that the great campaign to raise money to buy tobacco for the boys is being engineered in the interest of the tobacco trust. The great sympathy for the suffering of the poor soldiers in the trenches is fine camouflage. "The less tobacco the soldiers get, the steadier their nerves, the harder their muscles, the more accurate their minds, the better their resistance to disease, and the better their ability to endure hardships to which they are exposed, and to recover from the wounds which they may receive." "WHAT THE WAR HAS DONE FOR ME." The American Magazine, December, 1917, published a number of articles on the above subject. One of them, by a young man signing himself "S. A. W., " contains the following: "I have been before my district examining board and found physically deficient. Uncle Sam has turned me down. He doesn't want a nicotine-saturated, narrow-chested individual like me. I have been denied a chance to make my so-far useless life worth while. If you have ever looked through the wrong end of a telescope, you will understand how I feel. It is all my own 92 PATRIOTIC ILLUSTRATIONS fault. I have failed to build my body clean and strong the least that society asks of any man. "I am unmarried, twenty -nine years old and not a coward. For ten years I have worked at an indoor trade in a large city, spending my salary and my youth as I went along. I am a victim of the common, every-day vices that are daily cutting down America's manhood. "My dad would be proud to see me in uniform. He doesn't say anything, but I know he is thinking. To-morrow morning I will ride to my work on the 7:15 car for the last time. I have quit my job. I am going to hunt a job on a farm. I am not despondent, dejected, or anything like that, but I am ashamed of myself. When I came home from the examining-rooms I sat down and cussed the doctors for a lot of narrow-minded saw- bones, but finally I got to rummaging around inside of myself and discovered that they were right. I will make myself fit to fight. How many times before I have said, 'I will,' and how flat it always sounded. To-day it had a ring to it, and seemed to come from the bottom of my feet. Quitting my job seems to have put some pep into me. I feel that I've got one foot out of the rut." DISEASE HOSPITAL HEROES. The world war developed what was termed "trench fever." That the doctors might carefully study and, if possible, conquer the disease, sixty American soldiers consented to be inoculated with this terrible virus. Amos E. Wells, in a poem in the Christian Endeavor World, lauds this true heroism, closing with this verse: "Hail to the new crusaders! Genuine knights are these, Facing the fiercest invaders, conquering foul disease. And when the final story honors the hero's name, Theirs be a grateful glory, theirs be a lasting fame I" FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS 93 LEPERS LOYAL TO UNCLE SAM Americans were thrilled by the news cabled to our shores stating that the lepers of Molokai, in the Hawaiian Islands, had bought $5,000 worth of the third issue of Liberty Bonds. Even the lepers do not want to be under the control of so degrading a system as that in practice wh%re Germany held sway. SECRETARY DANIELS SOUNDS WARNING. In an address in Chicago, before the Clinical Congress of Surgeons of North America, on October 22, 1917, Secretary Daniels, of the U. S. Navy, appealed to the medical profession to put an end to "the false double standard that decreases military efficiency." The profession, he declared, must share its part of the blame for the "unpardonable prudery that endured a festering evil rather than have it exposed and eradi- cated. ' ' "There is not an army in the field," he said, "whose effec- tiveness is not reduced by reason of immoral disease. The navy suffers likewise, and business halts because these diseases destroy the manhood of workmen and fighters." He gave figures showing that during the preceding fiscal year the American Navy lost 141,378 days' work from the illness of men having sexual diseases an average of 450 disabled for every working-day in the year, which, with the men required to care for them, made enough men on the non-effective list each day to man a modern battleship. Secretary Daniels expressed the belief that the new navy law which stops the pay of aH sailors treated for venereal diseases, would reduce the number to the ratio of the army, where the same law is in force. He quoted Hecht, of Vienna, as stating that at one time sixty thousand Austrian soldiers were under treatment for these diseases; that during the first five months of the German oceupa- 94 PATRIOTIC ILLUSTRATIONS tion. of Belgium with only a small portion of the army there the Kaiser's soldiers had thirty-five thousand such patients; that at that time there were seventy-eight thousand such cases in the British Army; that a Canadian officer had said of the disease: "Its ravages to-day are more terrible for Britain and Canada than Vimy Eidge, the Somme and Lens." ' ' Continence, ' ' Mr. Daniels continued, "is no longer a matter of morals only. It has come to be seen as having its base in the great law of nature. New truths must take the place of ancient lies. We know now by the testimony of -science that there is no foundation for a double standard fbr the sexes. To preach it is to preach immorality and a lowering of manhood. The lie that has lived so long must be driven out by the truth. ' ' To-day, as never before, American manhood must be clean. We must have fitness. America stands in need of every ounce of strength. We must cut out the cancer if we would live." PRISONERS INOCULATED WITH DISEASES. According to an official report received by the Serbian lega- tion at Washington, in May, 1918, Italian and Serbian prisoners in Austria had been inoculated in large numbers with tuber- culosis and other diseases. Ten thousand of these were sent out at one time into Serbia to spread the disease among the people of that country. WOMAN POISON EXPERT INTERNED. Prof. Rhoda Erdmann, lecturer on biology at Yale, was arrested, tried and interned for the period of the great war, as a suspect plotting to kill American soldiers with a virus so deadly as to be terrifying. A bottle of the poison was found in her possession, which the Federal authorities say contained bac- teria sufficient to kill a million men. She was ordered to destroy the poison, and in the presence of witnesses literally boiled the life out of the microbes. FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS 95 DOGS WOUNDED DOG DELIVERS MESSAGE. A crippled dog, one of the heroes of the battle .of the Aisne, was brought to this country in 1917. It is said that this animal was wounded by shrapnel while carrying a dispatch to the first- line trench. With his left fore leg torn away, the brave dog struggled on and delivered the message entrusted to him. An artificial leg was made for the faithful dog, and by its aid he walks. THE DOG TRUE TO HIS MASTER. A poem by Sergt. Frank C. McCarthy, with the American forces in France, published in the American Magazine, contains these lines with reference to a dog on the battlefield: "I found him in a shell-hole, With a gash across his head, Standing guard beside his master, Though he knew the boy was dead. When I crawled back to the trenches, And I took his master, too, Frenchie followed. Guess he figured, Just because of that, I'd do. "You wouldn't say he's handsome, He's been hit a dozen times. But when we boys 'go over,' Over -with us Frenchie climbs. And when for home I'm starting, If I live to see this through, Just one thing is sure as shooting: That my dog is going too." TRAINED DOGS AID THE BLIND. So many men were made blind in France by war injuries that an extensive movement was launched by military authorities for the training of dogs to lead sightless ones about the streets, or wherever they might wish to go. The dogs were first taught not to quarrel or play with other dogs, nor to stop at garbage- 96 PATRIOTIC ILLUSTRATIONS cans or butcher-shops, and how to avoid vehicles in crossing a street. For several days after being assigned to a blind man, they were carefully watched to make sure that they were efficient and reliable. DOGS HELP IN RESCUE WORK. Training dogs for war work is a delicate and exacting busi- ness. The dog must be trained to do special work and to be indifferent to danger; to know whether wounded men belong to his army or to the enemy; to know whether a man is dead or living. If dead, he passes on; if alive, and a member of his army, he is to bring back something that belongs to the man, for identification part of the uniform, a cap, or perhaps some- thing taken from one of the pockets. With this the dog returns to his kennel, barking loudly, when he retraces his steps, with surgeons and stretcher-bearers following him back to the wounded man. It is said to be a touching scene when a faithful canine thus leads the way, eager to again be by the side of the suffer- ing one he has found helpless. Dogs have also been trained to mount guard in a trench at listening-posts for long hours at a stretch, ignoring danger, alert every moment. Some have saved whole companies, especially in fogs, revealing by their growling the nearness of the enemy. That the dog should do all these things and many more) and do them successfully over and over again, as hundreds upon hundreds of them have done, shows to what extent he can be trained. In fact, one writer says he plays the game as if he knew all that lay behind it; that "no man with the highest theories of patriotism could do more than is done by the dog with only his inbred instinct for doing the thing that man asks of him." Not all are dogs of high degree. Thousands have been just "plain dogs." It's what he can do, not his pedigree or where he came from, that makes a dog or a man worth while. FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS 97 DUTY THE WORLD'S GREATEST EPOCH. Secretary of the Navy Daniels' philosophy of wartimes is good for all times : ' ' The thought of the things to be done in the immediate present is too big to leave us time or inclination to think of the future. We are living and working in the biggest epoch of the world's history. Why neglect it for a moment? Our only concern need be that we produce something now that the future will have occasion to be grateful for." THE ROTHSCHILDS IN WAR. During our Civil War there were many instances of relatives being on opposite sides, some in the armies of the North and some in the armies of the South. There were also a number of instances of brothers being in opposing armies during intense fighting, each going where he thought duty called him. Speaking of the big world war, Herbert Bayard Swope says that the Rothschilds family had representatives in the armies of five nations Germany, Austria, France, England and Belgium. THE HARD AND THE EASY. The crew of the U. S. S. "Oregon" began the publication of the Oregonian in April, 1918, issued weekly, with the chaplain as editor. The sailors on this, as on all our Pacific Coast battle- ships, were anxious to leave for the Atlantic side, where there might be a possibility of taking part in the great war. Concern- ing this desire was this statement in one of the early issues of the paper mentioned: "There is just as much honor in being here, if we do our work well. Some one must do it. If the Government sees fit to keep us here, let's do our part well. We should know it takes more grit to stay here than it does to go over to the other 7 98 PATRIOTIC ILLUSTRATIONS side. The marine in Guam, the sailor in the Philippines, are doing their duty as much as those on the firing-line. It isn't a spectacular duty, it is true, but it's a conscientious duty and who could do more?" In every- day life it often requires more real courage to do the commonplace things than to enter largely into the greater strug- gles. "Act well your part. There all the honor lies." ECONOMY SAVING WHAT REMAINS. Some divers have received as high as $500 a week for finding ships that were sunk during the great war. While this work did not await the conclusion of the war, it was estimated that the operations along this line were very small compared to what would come later. The contents of the ships sunk by sub- marines and mines are of almost fabulous value, and many of them are near enough to the coasts for their cargoes to be at least partly saved. They are in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans, the North and Mediterranean Seas, with gold, silver, precious stones, rare pottery, fabrics, diamonds, copper, lead, quicksilver, shipped from India, China, South Africa, Spain and other coun- tries. The ships thus sent to the ocean's bottom during the first four years of the war number considerably over two thousand. GERMANY IN WARTIMES. Much light is thrown on real conditions in Germany by Her- oert Bayard Swope in hia book, "Inside the German Empire," 1917. "Nearly all the horses left in the cities," he says, "were white or flea-bitten. All the other colors are used for army work. The whites are not. Their color is too conspicuous. But the demand for horses has been so great that even the whites are used when they are young by being painted dark. ... It is a rare thing to hear a laugh in Germany to-day, and I visited FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS 99 many theaters without hearing any applause. The Germans take their pleasures seriously. They go to comedy as they would to an execution. It is a duty, they feel, to obtain recreation. Night life has disappeared. The supper restaurants are morgue-like in their lack of cheer. Dancing is an unheard-of pastime, and is actually forbidden, both in public and in private. "As a matter of economy, the coats of both officers and men are cut almost waist high. Nothing is permitted to be carried off the battlefields as souvenirs. Every article that German ingenuity can bring into usefulness again is sent back to the quarter- master's depot." HOOVER'S GOIN' TO GET YOU. Oh, gone now are the good old days of hot cakes thickly spread; And meatless, wheatless, hopeless days are reigning in their stead; And gone the days of fat rib-roasts, and two-inch T-bone steaks, And doughnuts plump and golden brown, the kind that mother makes. And when it comes to pie and cake, just learn to cut it out, Or Hoover's goin' to get you if you don't watch out. Mabel I. Clapp, in Ladies' Home Journal. WAR BREAD IN OLDEN TIMES. War bread is not a modern discovery. Rev. Howard B. Grose, of the U. S. Food Administration, has pointed out the fact that when the children of Israel were defending the city of Jeru- salem against the siege of their enemies, they were required to make war bread, and to use no other kind, for more than a year. That was twenty-four hundred years ago. The record of this is in the fourth chapter of Ezekiel, verse 9: "Take thou also unto thee wheat, and barley, and beans, and lentiles, and millet, and fitches, and put them in one vessel, and make thee bread thereof, according to the number of days that thou shalt lie upon thy side, three hundred and ninety days shalt thou eat thereof." The record further states that they were to eat their food by weighing it out, and to drink water by measuring it. 100 PATRIOTIC ILLUSTRATIONS The supposition is that the inability of the Jews to get wheat in proportion to their former requirement made the use of other grains and vegetables with it an absolute necessity, just as the United States Government declared to be the case in America. WAR WASTE SEEVES AGAIN. Cleaning up battlefields has become a highly organized sys- tem of economy. The amount saved, for instance, by the French Army amounted to several hundred thousand dollars each month. Hardly had the troops passed forward in an attack than a second army, usually of aged territorials, followed them to the battlefield and began the cleaning-up process. Their work, too, was often as dangerous as that of the troops who dashed to the assault, as not only had they to handle abandoned explosives of the most perilous kind, but often their work had to be carried on under a terrific bombardment. Among the material gathered up were the unused French shells which the batteries and trench mortars had to abandon as they dashed forward. Sometimes they were in piles of half a dozen or more. Then, there were the unexploded German shells scattered all about. They might explode at the first touch, but nevertheless must be gathered up, both for the removal of such a menace and for the value of the material they contained. There were also the hand grenades, steel helmets, hundreds of thousands of rifle cartridges (both exploded and unexploded), bayonets, rifles, knapsacks, canteens, straps, shoes, caps, coats, overcoats, and many other things that went into the equipment of an army. Whatever it may have been, of the least value, it was saved for some future use. Behind the battle-lines were established "hospitals" for the repair of battle wreckage of every description tattered clothing, worn-out shoes, broken rifles, damaged cannons, shattered motor- cars, trucks and bicycles. When the repair of an article was not possible it was made into something else. Nearly every FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS 1W particle of wreckage was thus utilized as an aid in winning the war. Sixty thousand pairs of shoes, 90,000 khaki uniforms, 125,000 undergarments, 25,000 steel helmets, 300,000 rifles, and so on, were renovated every month in just one "hospital" for a certain district, thus saving to the Allies many millions of dollars a year. EDUCATIONAL LEARNING TO SPEAK "UNITED STATES." America's first draft army included more than seventy-six thousand foreigners of many nationalities, the Italians, Poles, Russians, Rumanians, Greeks and others being present in large numbers. In camps of thirty to forty thousand men there would be an average of nearly five thousand who understood and spoke but little English, although all potential Americans. Fred H. Ridge, Jr., tells, in Harper's Magazine, of visiting a number of camps where he observed conditions in this respect, and of the remarkable work of the Y. M. C. A. in organizing and conducting classes for the purpose of teaching such men the English language. In his description of one class of twenty foreigners of several different nationalities, he says: "In half an hour, by the rapid-fire Y. M. C. A. method, they had memorized seventeen sentences in English, and understood them all without the aid of an interpreter. Both officers and men were amazed. New sympathies had been awakened in the officers, new encouragement had been given the men. . . . There are at least 250 classes with four thousand men in each camp where the need really exists." STUDENTS IN THE WAR. In the recent years preceding 1918 there had been from three to five hundred male students graduating from the Uni- versity of California, but in the year mentioned only 105 men 102 PATRIOTIC ILLUSTRATIONS remained to receive their degrees, and many of these immediately thereafter enlisted in some branch of the Government service for winning the war. Pres. Benjamin Ide Wheeler, in his address to the graduates, commending the patriotic spirit of the students which was characteristic of every American university said: "This instinct of liberty looks toward self -development and self-government and the free unfolding of what lies within the life and character of every nation, small and great. The battle is drawn. The two causes face each other in the lists. They are plain antipodes. What one is, the other is not. What one is not, the other is. One is human tolerance, the other materialism ; one is self-government, the other autocracy; one is equality, the other privilege; one is liberty, the other imperialism. The two can not dwell together." FOR ONLY ENGLISH IN SCHOOLS. The National Education Association Commission on the National Emergency in Education, at its session in April, 1918, at Washington, D. C., unanimously adopted a resolution declar- ing as un-American and unpatriotic the practice of giving instruc- tion in the common branches of the schools of America in any but the English language, concluding as follows: "We therefore recommend that the instruction in the common branches in both private and public schools in all States be given in the English language only, and that every legitimate means, both State and Federal, be used to bring about this result." There is no good reason why any other course should be taken. Gen. Z. T. Sweeney says that three-fourths of the telegrams of the world are in English; two-thirds of the letters passing through the Universal Postal Union are in English; that at the convening of the Berlin Congress the proceedings were carried on in English; that at The Hague peace tribunals the principal language is English; that the treaty between Mexico and China FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS [03 is in English; that the South American countries have their customs articles and names in English. ILLITERACY OF AMERICAN ADULTS. The "Bulletin" for April, 1918, issued by the National Education Association, says that at that time there were approx- imately seven hundred thousand men registered for military service in the United States who could not sign their own names, and that many thousands more could barely do so. The order of the War Department in April, 1917, admitting illiterates to the army made their enlistment possible. As a consequence, the American Army then contained many thousands of men w.ho could not read or write. With these figures as a basis, it was estimated that there were at least 4,600,000 persons in the United States above twenty years of age who were utterly illiterate. Secretary Lane points out that the economic loss alone is very great. At the lowest estimate, the average earning capacity of an illiterate is fifty cents a day less than that of an educated person, which means a loss to the country of $700,000,000 a year in productiveness. Stories from one camp of men serving sentences in the guard- house for disobeying orders, revealed the fact that the dis- obedience was not due to intention, but to illiteracy. They were too proud to appeal to comrades to read to them orders that all must obey, and because of their ignorance of the contents of the orders, it amounted to disobedience. One soldier in another camp uttered a self-evident fact when he said sadly: "A man without education ain't got no chance in the army." It is a deplorable thing that men who offer their lives for their country should be so humiliated and handicapped as were many of these men. The army system requires education. When a man goes before an examining board his eyes are tested by printed alphabetic and word cards requiring ability to read. His orders of the day, typewritten, require ability to read. Hia 104 PATRIOTIC ILLUSTRATIONS Bible, now given to practically every enlisted man, is of course in printed form. His signals from the signal corps are alphabetic in form. Then he must be able to write to sign his name here, there and "everywhere." Not being able to read or write, time drags heavily on his hands when not busy. He can not even write to his loved ones or read letters from them. As a natural result, the bars have been put down for lonesomeness and homesickness which might otherwise never come to him in an intensified form. The situation appealed to teachers and others so strongly that in several States in which army camps were located, cam- paigns were conducted for teaching these men to read and write. The time has come in America when, regardless of war con- ditions, it should be considered a national disgrace to longer tolerate such a state of affairs. The unfortunate men may not be to blame in many instances. Circumstances may have been against them. But America, arising in her might to face Kaiserism, should rise in her great power for the education and mental freedom of all her citizens. EFFICIENCY THE WORK OF ONE DESTROYER. A ship in the United States Navy made the wonderful record of convoying 177 troop-carrying ships across the Atlantic in six months, and in doing so traversed one hundred thousand miles. This statement was made by Josephus Daniels, Secretary of the Navy. Commenting upon our navy and army, he said: "Some say we can not fight without hate. This is not true of the American people. We did not go into this war out of hatred, but to save the democracy of the world. When victory comes we will have a high tribunal to settle disputes by arbitra- tion, an international tribunal, and a navy big enough to enforce its decrees." FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS .105 GREAT RECORD OF CANADIAN ACE. In the early part of the world war, when fighting in the air was more or less of an experiment, the man who brought down five or more of the enemy's flying-machines was distinguished by being named an "Ace." As the war progressed, hundreds of men reached this number, many far surpassing it. Among them was Maj. William A. Bishop, with the Canadian aviators. Up to July 1, 1918, he had brought down seventy -two German machines more than any other of the Allies' aviators. He was then transferred to the office of the British chief of the air staff, where his exceptional experience could be utilized in the further organization of the Canadian air forces. TRYING TO DO HIS BEST. Precision in all military movements is well understood as one of the strict rules of the army. The story is told of a negro drill-sergeant who was so anxious to have his men become pro- ficient in drilling that he sometimes said and did quite absurd things. One day he said to them with much dignity: "I wants you niggers to understan' dat you is to car-ry out all o'ders giben on de risin' reflection ob de final word of comman'. Now when we'se passin' dat reviewin '-stan ' down the 'ah, at de comman', 'Eyes Eight!' I wants to hea'h ebery nigger's eyeballs click at de same instan'I" BOYS MAKE THE BEST FLYERS. Lord Robert I. Ker, of the Irish Guards, who arrived in America in the spring of 1918 to recruit Britishers for the Royal Flying Corps, stated that the best aviators in the Allied armies were between the ages of eighteen and twenty-two years. He mentioned a number of noted fliers under the latter age. It seems that a youth over eighteen is old enough to quickly grasp everything necessary for him to learn about aviation, and that at this period his mind is clear and keen, ready to instantly take 106 PATRIOTIC ILLUSTRATIONS in any unexpected situation that may arise, with sufficient initia- tive and courage to do the thing that his best judgment calls for, considering only the thing to be accomplished. ECONOMICAL SHOOTING. The bravery and simplicity of the Babus is proverbial in the British Army. One of these, in the campaign in German East Africa, was in charge of a railway station, where he was besieged by the enemy. He at once telegraphed to headquarters: "One hundred Germans attacking station. Send immediately one rifle and one hundred rounds of ammunition." LONG-RANGE GUNS. Soon after the long-range gun had fired upon Paris from a distance of seventy-six miles, the following, signed by Walter B. Dunn, appeared in the Oakland Tribune: "To THE EDITOR: It may interest you to know that a man has invented a gun which, using heated air as a propelling force, will throw a projectile straight through the earth to Germany. The trouble so far has been that of obtaining a projectile of sufficient density to stand the wear and tear of the trip, the only substance known being pro-German heads, and there ia a law against using them. However., this gnn, pointed upward, will throw a projectile so high that by the natural revolving of the earth it will fall in Berlin.'" INSTANT DEATH FOR POISONER. Otto Kirby, a California soldier, raised on a cattle ranch, where he had learned to shoot a coyote through the head at a distance of five hundred yards, shot and instantly killed a man believed to have been a German spy. The young soldier was on sentry duty at an army cantonment, when he saw the man stealthily climbing one of the camp's high water-tanks, and commanded him to halt. Instead of obeying, the man climbed FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS 107 higher. Kirby again challenged, then fired. On the man's body was found enough poison to have caused the death of all users of the camp's water supply. The vigilance of the soldier no doubt saved the lives of many of his comrades. MODERN WARFARE. " Engaged to four girls at once!" roared the uncle, hor- rified. "How do you explain such shameless conduct?" "Don't know," said the nephew, feigning deep perplexity. "Cupid must have shot me with a machine gun." TIME TO CHANGE THE ORDER. There has been enough of the argument that ' ' we must teach the children German because we shall be doing business with the Germans after the war." Can't the Germans learn English after the war? Cleveland Plain Dealer. HOSPITAL TRAINS FOR WOUNDED. The work of caring for the wounded in the armies of the Allies fighting in France reached a capacity of forty thoroughly equipped hospital trains by May, 1918. These constituted a mobile hospital of twenty thousand beds in daily service, when necessary. It is said that, following some of the great offensive actions, between two and three thousand wounded pass through a casualty clearing-station every day. AMERICA'S FIRST SHOT IN EUROPE. The honor of firing the first American shot against the Germans, in October, 1917, goes to a nineteen-year-old San Francisco youth named Osborn de Varila. It was in the Lor- raine sector, where his battery planted its guns on a camouflage slope behind a little town after dark. He laid and directed the gun, aiming at a communication trench in the German front line, sending eighteen pounds of shrapnel over a distance of forty-one 108 PATRIOTIC ILLUSTRATIONS hundred yards across No Man's Land. Soon the Germans fired in reply, so he and his comrades knew they had the range of the enemy. This young man graduated from Lowell High School in San Francisco a short time before enlisting. He was made a corporal soon after entering the service of his country. SEEKING INFORMATION. An inquisitive woman in conversation with a captain inquired : "Do they kill a man often for betraying his country?" "Only once, madam," was the courteous reply. With a faint "Oh" and a satisfied air, she moved on. FEEDING SOLDIERS ON TRANSPORTS. The matter of food for a big shipload of U. S. soldiers en route to France was one of utmost importance. The thought- fulness in this regard required of those whose duty it is to make provision for the food was shown in the figures. for just one trip of one ship, when 210,000 meals were served, made up of 180 varieties of food, using a total of 750,000 pounds of provisions. The system was so perfect that every one on board was served quickly and agreeably. MACHINE GUN DEADLY WEAPON. According to one authority, a machine gun is worth almost a whole battalion of men armed with rifles. Few soldiers can keep up fifteen rounds per minute, rapid-fire, with a rifle. The average machine gun in the U. S. Army can discharge 600 rounds in a minute, and the Vickers can fire 1,600 rounds with- out stopping. The bullets pour from the muzzle in a rapid, devastating stream, inflicting terrible losses on the enemy in front of it. This gun has an effective range of 1,200 yards and can be fired from a parapet or a stand. In the same man- ner as a fireman plays a hose on a burning building, the gunner, FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS K)9 who grips the handle with both hands, moves the weapon back and forth, mowing down everything within its range. RELATION OF NICOTINE TO EFFICIENCY. There was a time, not many years ago, when liquor drinking in the United States was opposed by but few persons, and they were generally considered fanatics or extremists. Now we are living in the actual experience of our soldiers and sailors going without liquor, by order of the Government, and the liquor busi- ness doomed. We are now living amid the experience of another habit being opposed by but comparatively few people, and they are in turn generally considered fanatics or extremists. Not many years hence, when the people become aroused to the injurious effects of nicotine, the U. S. Government will no doubt prohibit tobacco being furnished to our soldiers and sailors, just as it is now prohibiting liquor for them. And some careful students of the two habits say that tobacco is doing far more harm to the race as a whole than liquor has ever done. The American people received a terrible shock when prepara- tions for our part of the great war showed so many of our young men physically unfit for military and naval service. Of thirty- four hundred applicants at Annapolis, seventy-two per cent, were rejected. Of the hundreds of thousands examined for service in the army, over fifty per cent, were rejected. With this as a basis, it was estimated that there were five million young men in the United States between twenty-one and thirty-one years of age who were physically unfit for military and naval service. The No-Tobacco Journal for March, 1918, says that fifty per cent, of those rejected were turned down because their lungs had been weakened by inhaling tobacco smoke. This agrees with a statement made by the London Lancet: "Cigarette smoking directly paves the way for pulmonary tuberculosis, the great white plague, to stamp out which millions 110 PATRIOTIC ILLUSTRATIONS of dollars are being spent. The stamping out of the cigarette evil would be a step toward this great accomplishment." Dr. D. H. Kress, of the Medical and Surgical Sanitarium, Washington, D. C., says that physical and moral degeneracy is marked in every country where the use of tobacco has become general among the people ; that the Indians are about exter- minated; that Spain is degenerate; that in New Zealand; where the men and women both smoke, the native population has decreased in a century and a half from 121,000 to less than 40,000; that in the Hawaiian Islands, where smoking is common among both men and women, the native population has been reduced from 300,000 to less than 30,000. He does not attribute this degeneracy wholly to tobacco, but says there is no longer any doubt but what it is a factor in bringing about such a deplorable condition. Shall America, after reaching such a high plane in the civili- zation of the world, be conquered by an internal foef It is possible, but not probable. No doubt our beloved America will awake and act according to the gravity of the situation, as she has on the liquor question. WISELY DIRECTED PATRIOTISM. It is one thing to be patriotic, and another to know how to use one's patriotism in accomplishing the greatest possible good. Henry P. Davison, chairman of the War Council of the American Bed Cross, did a most wonderful thing in directing the Red Cross drive for $100,000,000 in May, 1918. Instead of this amount, the campaign resulted in raising $170,000,000 and this was done in seven days, which was at the rate of $24,000,000 a day. Another remarkable feature of the drive was that 43,000,000 people contributed to the fund. "To raise $170,000,000 from 43,000,000 persons in seven days is a feat in finance second to no other in the history of the world," says one great daily paper. FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS This is a stupendous argument in favor of intelligently plan- ning your work, and then energetically working your plan. AMERICA SURPRISES THE WORLD. When the United States entered the great war the statement was made that it would be almost miraculous should Uncle Sam be able to land 200,000 soldiers in France within a year, but the figures were far surpassed. Before the war ended 2,000,000 men had been carried safely over. The feat in building new ships and remodeling old ones, and in every way possible increasing the capacity. of our Government to take men and supplies across the ocean, was equally great and surprising. From a few merchant ships at the beginning of the war, we owned, on July 1, 1918, nearly thirty thousand vessels. On July 4 of the same year nearly one hundred new ships were launched in American shipyards, with the capacity to do still greater things being rapidly increased. TOBACCO FOR THE SOLDIERS. In all parts of the country were those who endeavored to raise money to buy tobacco for the soldiers and sailors, until the impression seemed to have been made on the minds of many that it was a necessity. The fact that the Government also later decided to send tobacco to the men in the service was interpreted by many as an indication that our high officials recognized it as a necessity. It requires but a moment's thought to see that this is not the case. Because of the love of every loyal citizen for the young men who were willing to give their lives, if need be, for the great cause of humanity, and knowing that many wearing the uniform used tobacco, kindly disposed persons took this as one means of showing that love. The statement that tobacco is injurious in many cases goes without argument. The fact that hundreds of firms and corpora- 112 PATRIOTIC ILLUSTRATIONS tions will not employ men who use tobacco shows that it has a handicapping effect on those who use it. That it is injurious to athletes in training is also everywhere recognized. That it is injurious to the bodies of tens of thousands is shown in the large number of young men rejected by the United States examin- ing boards because of weak lungs, in many cases due to the excessive use of cigarettes. One young man who had enlisted wrote to a friend: "I quit smoking a month ago. I figure that it will take the steadiest nerve possible in our work to come, and cigarettes, etc., do anything but steady my nerves." Another wrote that he had received a dozen packages of cigarettes from the war-service committee of his town, adding: "They were of no use to me, as I don't smoke. In my company of twenty-five men there are eighteen who do not smoke, but every man of them is fond of chocolate." From one church organization went ninety-five young men to answer the call of Uncle Sam, and seventy-three of the -number never used tobacco in any form. It is a mistaken conclusion that nearly all of the boys of the army and navy smoked. Keason, not sentiment, should control in this matter. SOME OF OUR COAST GUNS. The War Department has provided for the United States, it is believed, the best system of coast defense possessed by any country. It has become principally a question of marksmanship, and the American coast defenders have solved that problem by becoming the best marksmen in the world. The heaviest guns weigh as much as railroad engines, and shoot a projectile weighing as much as ten ordinary men. No battleship can resist the concentrated force of modern coast-defense guns, which are mounted on disappearing carriages. Two of these are placed in a single pit, and together they can keep a shot in the air nearly FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS H3 all the time, their combined capacity being a shot every fifteen seconds. The biggest gun built prior to 1911 carries a projectile weighing a ton, and can reach an enemy twenty-one miles away. From "The American Government," by Frederic J. Haskin. EMBLEMS THE FRENCH LOVE "OLD GLORY. " On July 4, 1918, many of Uncle Sam's soldiers in France had to do without an American flag because the inhabitants of some of the towns had bought up the entire supply, with which to decorate their homes. The day was celebrated both in France and England on a large scale, the French people in particular showing their love for "Old Glory" in many touching ways. WHAT STAB IN THE FLAG IS YOURS? Every star in "Old Glory" has its place in the field of blue, fixed by executive order, made October 26, 1912. It provides that there shall be six horizontal rows of eight stars each. The start is made at the upper left-hand corner, and the States are in the order of their ratification of the Constitution and admis- sion into the Union: Thus to little Delaware goes the honor of being Star No. 1. Others in the upper row, from left to right, are Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Georgia, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Maryland, South Carolina. Second Row: New Hampshire, Virginia, New York, North Carolina, Rhode Island, Vermont, Kentucky, Tennessee. Third Row: Ohio, Louisiana, Indiana, Mississippi, Illinois, Alabama, Maine, Missouri. Fourth Row: Arkansas, Michigan, Florida, Texas, Iowa, Wis- consin, California, Minnesota. Fifth Row: Oregon, Kansas, West Virginia, Nevada, Nebraska, Colorado, South Dakota, North Dakota. 8 114 PA TRIOTIC ILLUSTRA TIONS Sixth Kow: Montana, Washington, Idaho, Wyoming, Utah, Oklahoma, New Mexico, Arizona. December 7, 1787, was the date on which Delaware's star was placed; February 14, 1912, the placing of that for Arizona. Therefore, the completion of our nation's flag consumed a period of 124 years, 2 months and 7 days; but it is well worth the time spent. State Societies Register. THE SERVICE FLAG. Stars of blue on a field of white. Hemmed by a band of red, Make what we call a Service Flag, Flung to the breeze o'erhead. Careless we count each single star, Losing each one in the whole, Sometimes forgetting that every one Stands for a boy with a soul. A soul that thrilled in quick response. Stirred by his nation's call, Ready to make the sacrifice; If need be, to give his all. Kow in the service for you and me, Facing the fight with its scars, Pray that each soul in his place shall shine Steady and bright as the stars. God 'of the stars that shine above, Hear from our hearts this prayer: Grant that the- stars in our Service Flag May shine as the stars out there. J. Wm. Marson, in New Century Teacher. FIRST AMERICAN FLAG OVER THE TOP. W. G. Clancy, of Texas, a member of the Canadian Field Artillery, had the honor of carrying the first American flag over the top, at Vimy Ridge, in France. He had the flag on his bayonet, and was wounded. Capt. W. L. Smith, a medical officer with the Canadians, operated on Clancy, and turned the flag over to an American correspondent. It was brought to this country and sent to the wife of Captain Smith, residing at FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS H5 Toledo, Ills. Captain Smith was transferred to another artillery, and does not know whether or not Clancy recovered. THE SERVICE FLAG DEFINED. From the office of the Judge Advocate has been issued a statement giving the definition of the use of the Service Flag: ' ' This emblem represents a person or persons from a family, place of business, or club, serving with the colors." It does not, therefore, apply to civilians engaged in Govern- ment work. The Service Flag is made in the shape of a rectangle, or field, whose length is twice that of its width, and whose red border is one-half the width of the white field within. When properly hung, the flag is perpendicular in length. No color of any kind should show beyond the red border. A gold fringe on it is out of place. ORIGIN OF THE SERVICE FLAG. The Rev. Edwin Keigwin, in the Christian Herald, tells the story as follows: "When I returned from the mountains last fall (1917) and saw so many of these flags displayed throughout the city, my curiosity was greatly aroused. It was several days before I found any one who could even tell me the significance of the flag. No one was able to enlighten me as to its origin. Did it originate with the Government? No. Had Congress legislated it into being? No. Yet there it was, this flag of mystery, floating from residence, business house and church. "Then came the surprising revelation that the emblem was born in a father's heart. In a moment of inspired patriotism, Capt. R. L. Queisser, of the Fifth Ohio Machine-gun Company, conceived the idea. Says he: 'The thought came to me that both my boys, who were officers in the Guard, would be called out, and I wondered if I could not evolve some design or symbol by which it might be known that they were in their country's service, and 116 PA TRIOTIC ILLUSTRA TJONS which would be to their mother a visible sign of the sacrifice her sons were making.' " MY SERVICE STAB. Set in a bit of ribbon. I wear a star on my breast. For I've given my boy to his country, To fight for the nations oppressed. No jewels of dazzling beauty Would fill me with half the pride ; With a smile I sent him to battle Where thousands have bled and died. I smiled, though my heart was breaking, For, oh, to me he is dearl And the thought of what may await him Grips my heart with a terrible fear. Must the shot and the shell of battle Rend that form so precious to me t "Dear God," I cry in my anguish, "Why dost thou permit this to be!" Then there seems to hover o'er me The Spirit of infinite love, And there comes to me a whisper From the heavenly Father above: "I, too, gave my Son to suffer For a world that was lost in sin, But the life that is lost in my service All eternity shall win. "Then throughout the countless ages, Sheltered by my tenderest love. They shall serve me in all gladness, Honored by the courts above." Then I answer in contrition, "Father, dear, thou knowest best," And I pity every mother Who's no star upon her breast. tire. G. W. Ingram. \ A TRIBUTE TO "OLD GLORY." This is from Senator George F. Hoar: "I have seen the glories of art and architecture and of river and mountain. I have seen the sun set on the Jungfrau and the moon rise over Mont Blanc. But the fairest vision on which these eyes have FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS 117 ever rested was the flag of my country in a foreign port. Beau- tiful as a flower to those who love it, terrible as a meteor to those who hate it, it is the symbol of the power and the glory and the honor of one hundred millions of Americans." WHEN THE "STARS AND STRIPES" WENT BY. Fourteen Americans who were in Russia, during the wild days of revolution following the withdrawal of Russia from the war, decided to leave for their homeland, and in making the journey had some thrilling experiences, especially in passing through Finland, where the Red and White Guards were battling, with the whole northern border of Finland shut out from the rest of the world by intrenched soldiers. One of the party, after reaching the United States, in speaking of this experience, said: ' ' When it became known that a party of Americans wanted safe conduct, an armistice was declared by both sides for one day. Even there, they looked to America as their one hope for freedom. With only an American flag fluttering in the still cold air above our heads, we went between those battle-lines on which the dead were spread out in dark blotches. Not a machine gun rattled, not a cannon spoke. It was in dead silence that we crossed that frozen ' No Man 's Land ' of ice and snow, while all hostilities were suspended until we were safely over. It was one of the greatest tributes to the 'Stars and Stripes' I have ever seen. ' ' SIAM CHANGES HER FLAG. When Siam placed herself on the side of the Allies against the Germans, she had a new vision, and changed her national flag from that of a white elephant on a scarlet background, to a tricolor, composed of red and white stripes at each end, with a central blue stripe double the width of the others. She has the ' ' red, white and blue, ' ' the colors that inspire America 's millions to higher ideals of national life. 118 PA TRIOTIC ILLUSTRA TIONS THE FLAG IN THE WINDOW. Blue is your star in its field of white, Dipped in the red that was born of fight; Born of the blood that our forbears shed To raise your mother, the flag, o'erhead. And now you've come, in this frenzied day, To speak from a window to speak and say: "I am the voice of a soldier son, Gone, to be gone till victory's won. "I am the flag of the service, sir; The flag of his mother I speak for her Who stands by the window and waits and fears, But hides from others her unwept tears. I am the flag of the wives who wait For the safe return of a soldier mate; A mate gone forth where the war god thrives, To save from sacrifice other men's wives. "I am the flag of the sweethearts true; The often unthought of the sisters too. I am the flag of a mother's son And won't come down till the victory's won." Dear little flag in the window there, Hung with a tear and a woman's prayer, Child of "Old Glory," born with a star Oh, what a wonderful flag you arel William Eertchtll. THE FLAG IN THE DARKNESS. During the Spanish- American War a custom, beautiful and thrilling, prevailed on outbound steamers from the Norfolk harbor a custom which, no doubt, still continues. On dark nights the great searchlight played upon the waters and lifted itself against the sky until the arrival of a psychological moment, when it remained stationary for a minute and held in its arc the American flag on Fortress Monroe. A solid wall of black- ness between sea and sky, but "Old Glory" in her place! Never was a night so dark as the one under which the world now trembles and suffers and groans (the war started by Ger- many) ; the twilight which lingered after the sun had set is gone, the moon has failed to appear, and not a star has twinkled forth. An awful storm rages every soul is drenched with deep FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS H9 anguish. Nevertheless, our emblem of human freedom is still in its place. It floats in America, in England and in France and in spirit, if not in folds of red, white and blue, it will fly to the breezes in Berlin! The time may be long, and the reverses of the Allies multiplied, but the Allies will win the battle their cause is linked with the flag destined to never know defeat. George P. Eutledge, m The Lookout, June 30, 1918. THE NEW "STAB IN THE EAST." Among the discoveries of the scientists during the total eclipse of the sun on June 8. 1918, visible in many portions of the United States, was a new sun, or star. For those who believe in omens, one writer calls attention to the fact that this new star was found in the constellation Aquila, which is the constella- tion of the Eagle, adding : ' ' These are busy times for the American eagle, and astrologers should find it easy to discover all kinds of important prognostications in this discovery." Edgar Lucius Larkin, the noted director of Mt. Lowe Observ- atory, says: "The new sun is second in brilliancy only to the gigantic sun Vega. Only one degree north of the equator, it can be seen by the entire human race, as it is twelve hours right ascension and rises at sunset. It is indeed a star in the east." Within a week after the eclipse the cablegrams from France indicated that the Germans had finally concluded the "Yankee soldiers" were to be reckoned with, after all their bluster and swagger about the inability of the Americans to fight. It may be well to keep in mind that because the boys of the American eagle responded to the call to help put down German cruelty, new hope came to all the races of the earth that autocracy was to be crushed for all time to come. Regardless of any omen con- nected with the new sun, the power of America in the war was in effect a "New Star in the East," strengthening the courage of our allies, and turning the tide toward the victory which came in the overthrow of the Huns. 120 PATRIOTIC ILLUSTRATIONS EQUIPMENT KHAKI SEVENTY YEARS AGO. Uniforms made of khaki were first worn in 1848, by a corps of guides in India, on the suggestion of Sir Henry Burnett Lumsden. Khaki takes its name from the Urdu word khalt, or dust. Oakland Tribune. AN ERA OF BIG THINGS. Some of the purchases made by the British Army in 1917 were 84,000,000 pounds of tea, 177,000,000 pounds of sugar and 145,000,000 cans of milk. The War Office of Great Britain bought for uniforms and other army equipment as many miles of cloth and flannel as would reach around the earth more than six times. SPEEDING UP IN MAKING RIFLES. From the time the United States entered the war, in April, 1917, to June 1, 1918, 1,568,661 rifles had been manufactured for the American Army, which, with what were on hand, made the total over two million. Even at that rate, only five out of the eight factories were working to their planned capacity. At that time ninety thousand men and women were engaged in rifle-making. Y. M. C. A. CAMP AUDITORIUMS. At about twenty of the military camps and cantonments in the United States, in addition to the eight or ten standard service buildings erected in each camp for brigade or regimental use, the Y. M. C. A. also put up a large auditorium, seating twenty-eight hundred men, with standing-room for several hundred more. This type of building was erected for concerts, lectures and the larger religious gatherings, with the central part large enough for two basket-ball courts. FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS BARBED WIRE ON BATTLEFIELDS. The great war made a largely increased demand for barbed wire, because of the use of so much of this material by the armies in their endeavor to head off the advances of their enemies. Tom Sherman, a San Francisco boy with one of the U. S. engineering corps in France, wrote to his father: "If you could but imagine the material used in this war, you wouldn't wonder at the high cost of building material. Why, there seems to be enough barbed wire in this country to go around the world a thousand times." WHAT A SHELL CAN DO. A London paper says that one of the modern big guns built for the United States Navy is sixty feet in length, weighs eighty tons, and fires a projectile weighing 2,100 pounds. The gun was tried with an armor-piercing shell against a thirteen-inch Krupp plate. The shell pierced the plate, went through the heavy tim- bers back of it, also thirty feet of sand, was then deflected and went three-quarters of a mile farther, passing through the cottage of a Government employee at a proving-ground. After doing all this, the shell was fairly intact. RABBITS FOR HATS AND FOOD. Frank G. Carpenter, in the Christian Herald, July 3, 1918, said: "It took thirty-six million rabbits to make the six million hats bought by Uncle Sam for his soldiers since the war began. In other words, every soldier is going about with the fur of about six bunnies on the top of his head." This is from Grit, July 7, 1918: "It is estimated that the birth-rate of jack-rabbits in Wyoming alone is ten million a year. An Eastern promoter is in that State arranging for the slaughter of millions of rabbits and the preservation of the meat 122 PATRIOTIC ILLUSTRATIONS in cold storage until winter, for use in New York and other cities, in combating the fast-increasing cost of beef, mutton and pork. ' ' The shipping of jack-rabbits has already been tried with great success in Kansas. Last winter one man alone, residing at Hutchinson, marketed 170,000 in New York, with a large profit, besides disposing of the hides to manufacturers for conver- sion into felt. He is now breeding Belgian hares on a large scale. ' ' WORLD'S SMALLEST ARMIES. A number of nations have very small armies. Tit-Sits men- tions these: Monaco has seventy-five guards, a like number of carbineers and twenty firemen. The Grand Duchy of Luxembourg numbers 135 gendarmes, 170 volunteers and thirty musicians. The republic of San Marino can put in the field a total of nine companies, consisting of 950 men and thirty-eight officers, commanded by a marshal. The army on a peace footing consists of one company of sixty men. The fighting force of the "Black Republic," Liberia, is com- posed of 700 men. Liberia, however, evidently considers its army a formidable one, since, upon the occasion of hostilities between any of the powers, it always issues a proclamation of neutrality. Americans are proud of the fact that while our country is among the greatest and strongest, it stands for the rights and protection of the smallest and weakest, in contradistinction of the policy of Germany to crush the weak and helpless. President Wilson said in London, at the palace of King George, on Dec. 27, 1918: ''Any influence that the American people have over the affairs of the world is measured by their sympathy with the aspirations of free men everywhere." FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS 123 FAITH THE UNCONQUERABLE SPIRIT. When General Grant was asked, "Do you think you are going to take Richmond?" he replied, "No, I don't think I know we will take Richmond." "When Lincoln lay in his coffin at Washington, the victim of the assassin's bullet, there were people who thought the end of the Union had come, but there were others who seemed to know it had not. At that awful crisis in our country's history, with mobs gathering everywhere, General Garfield quelled an excited, shouting multitude in the streets of New York by mounting a dry-goods box and exclaiming with a faith and courage that was contagious : "Fellow-citizens, God reigns, and the Government at Wash- ington still lives ! ' ' Men may be shot down, but as long as the spirit of right and of honor possesses even one noble soul, standing for a worthy principle, the cause can not be put down nor conquered. TRUST THE GOVERNMENT. In every time of crisis in national affairs there are many persons anxious to give advice to those in authority, and, if it is not followed, they resort to unkind criticism. During the Civil War such a situation was faced. President Lincoln was con- tinually beset by people who not only offered advice, but insisted that their plans for saving the country be carried out. The patient Lincoln heard them all, but one day to an especially insistent group he said: "Gentlemen, suppose all the property you had was in gold and you had put it into the hands of Blondin to carry across Niagara River on a tight rope." (Blondin was a noted tight- rope walker at that time.) "Would you shake the cable! Or 124 PATRIOTIC ILLUSTRATIONS keep shouting out to him, 'Blondin, stand up straighterl' or, ' Stoop a little more ! ' or, ' Hurry a little faster ! ' or, ' Lean a little more to the north or southl'f No! You would hold your breath as well as your tongue, and keep your hands off till he was safely over. ' ' The Government authorities are carrying an immense weight. Untold treasures are in their hands. They are doing the very best they can. Don't badger them. Keep silent, and they will get you safely through." The outcome proved that Lincoln was right. The same prin- ciple holds good to-day in America. PEAYEE AT A CABINET MEETING. As the terrible world war progressed in power and frightful- ness, and the trend of events seemed to be drawing America into the struggle in spite of every honorable effort that could be made to avoid it, men of faith did not forget the God of mercy and justice. The whole country was thrilled to read that at one of the Cabinet meetings President Wilson led the mem- bers of his official family in prayer. Bishop William F. Ander- son, of Cincinnati, tells of the incident: "When the President arrived at the Cabinet meeting his face wore a solemn look. It was evident the serious affairs of the nation were on his mind. He said to the members of the Cabinet: 'I don't know whether you men believe in prayer or not. I do. Let us pray and ask the help of God.' "And right there the President of the United States fell upon his knees and the rest of the members of the Cabinet did the same, and the President offered a prayer to God. While the war rages in Europe we in this country should thank God that in this crisis of the world we have a chief executive who is a servant of God, and who stands with his hand in the hand of God. Every minister in the land should, every time he offers a prayer, take Woodrow Wilson by the hand and lead him I FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS 125 into the presence of God and ask that he be given strength to continue to be the great apostle of peace among men." SOLDIERS OF THE LIVING GOD. Two men went to the Y. M. C. A. director in one of the army camps and said they were in the habit of kneeling in prayer before retiring at night. What ought they to do here! "Try it out," was the reply. They did. The second night two others in the barracks joined them; the third night a few more; gradually the number increased until more than half the men resumed the habit of childhood and knelt by their cots in prayer before closing their eyes in sleep. The captain of a company, who stood before his men at attention the first evening, said: "Men, this is a serious busi- ness we are in; it is fitting we should pray about it." With heads bowed, the officer made a simple, earnest prayer for the blessing of God upon their lives and their work. The impression made upon the men was described as tremendous. Such incidents indicated the general spirit of the new armies. THE FAITH OF SOLDIERS. Many soldiers who were in France tell their friends of the belief, said to be common among men facing the dangers of war, that they will not meet death "until their time comes," as they express it. They seem conscious of a Power directing their lives. It is what the Greek tragedians called Fate. Thomas Tiplady says: "They do not know quite what to call it. Most of them would call it Providence if they spoke frankly and gave it a name at all. One of the finest Christian officers I know told me that he believed that God's finger had already written what his fate should be. If he had to die, nothing could save him, and if he had to live, nothing could kill him. All he was con- 126 PATRIOTIC ILLUSTRATIONS cerned with was to bo able to do his duty, and take whatever God sent him. This, he said, was the only suitable working philosophy for a man at the front. The Christian fatalism at the front destroys no man's initiative, but keeps him merry and bright, and helps him to do his bit." ALWAYS TWO ALTERNATIVES. The importance of the mental attitude of the men who defended Verdun was recognized by the French Army Staff. To keep them from worrying about the outcome of the day's fighting, the Litany was taught to all the soldiers. The result is known the world over. A few changes have been made in the original version so it might conform to American conditions, says a Western publica- tion: "Regarding the war, you are drafted or not drafted. If you are not drafted, there is nothing to worry about. If you are drafted, you have two alternatives: "Either you are at the front or in the reserves. If you are in the reserves, there is nothing to worry about. If you are at the front, you still have two alternatives: "Either you get hurt or you don't get hurt. If you don't get hurt, there is nothing to worry about. If you do get hurt, you still have two alternatives: "Either you get slightly hurt or seriously wounded. If you get slightly hurt, there is nothing to worry about. If you get seriously wounded, you still have two alternatives: "Either you recover or you don't recover. If you recover, there is nothing to worry about. If you don't recover, and have followed my advice clear through, you have done with worry forever. ' ' This is the spirit of the Apostle Paul, in writing to the Philippians: "For I have learned in whatsoever state I am, therein to be content." FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS 127 FINANCIAL OUR SOLDIERS THE BEST PAID. Those who serve in the United States Army, from general down to private, are the best paid soldiers in the world. The principal nations rank in the following order in this regard: United States, Great Britain, France, Germany, Russia, Italy, Turkey. INSURANCE FOR ENLISTED MEN. The Government War Risk Insurance Bureau of the United States had written more insurance for our enlisted men up to August 1, 1918, than was on the books of all the legal reserve life insurance companies of the United States combined. Up to that time almost three million soldiers and sailors had taken out life insurance policies under the Government plan to the amount of over $25,000,000,000. The maximum permitted by law for one person was $10,000. The average per man for the whole number insured was about $8,500. The beneficiary named, in case of the death of the insured, receives the total amount in monthly payments, covering a period of twenty years. THE MOST EXPENSIVE WAR. Modern methods of warfare are much more expensive than anything of the kind in the history of the world. An Ohio editor estimates the average cost of killing a man now is $37,000. The first two and a half years of the great war which began in August, 1914, cost the nations engaged in it $60,000,000,000 or more than twice as much as all the other wars of civilized nations combined since 1793. The expenditure of the $60,000,- 000,000 for the world war, in the time mentioned, means more dollars than the seconds that have been ticked off since the birth of Christ, says Thomas Chatterton, the actor. 126 PATRIOTIC ILLUSTRATIONS The cost to the U. S. Government of the world war for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1918, was $12,600,000,000. The addition of the $1,200,000,000 spent in the three months of war preceding June 30, 1917, brought the total to $13,800,000,000. When these figures were given out, the war expenses for the United States were running $50,000,000 a day. The war made Uncle Sam the greatest financier the world has ever known. AMERICANS GIVE BY BILLIONS. Pledges for the first Liberty Bond loan in the United States ran above $3,000,000,000, but was limited to $2,000,000,000. The total to the second Liberty loan was $4,615,000,000, and the amount accepted was $3,806,000,000. Pledges to the third loan totaled $4,170,019,650, ar over-subscription of thirty-nine per cent, above the $3,000,000,000 minimum sought. The number of subscribers to the three loans was 4,500,000, 9,500,000 and 17,- 000,000 respectively. POPULARITY OF LIBERTY BONDS. In the sale of bonds for the third Liberty loan, the U. S. Treasury Department estimated that of the seventeen million people who bought them, at least five million Americans of foreign birth or extraction purchased $350,000,000 worth. Americans living in Mexico City bought nearly $400,000 worth, while the subscriptions in Shanghai, China, amounted to over $600,000. GERMANY'S SYSTEM OF FINANCES. A few years ago an imaginary scheme for getting rich was published, to the effect that the promoter was going to start a big "rat and cat farm," his plan of operation being to feed the cats on the rats, then kill the cats and sell their fur at a fancy price, at a clear profit; that rat feed would cost him nothing, either, as he would feed the rats on the dead cats. FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS 129 Thus he would maintain the farm, constantly stocked up with rats and cats, each living on the other, while the cat furs would bring him in a perpetual stream of gold. This is very much like Germany's plan of finances, as here given by the Albany Journal: "In Germany, a war loan means that the Government is borrowing from the people some of the paper money which it has issued, and will issue more for future borrowings. But that money will never be good for anything outside Germany." Herbert Bayard Swope, in his book, "Inside the German Empire," published in 1917, says: "Germany's bankers pretend to have no feara of the present system of credit pyramiding, and seem not to be worried by the fact that each new issue of war bonds is purchasable with bonds of the last issue, a method which has been described as being like a snake swallowing itself." FORESIGHT GOLD PIECES FOR BUTTONS. The mother of Bert Martin, of Salt Lake City, before he left for the front after enlisting in the U. S. Army, sewed $2.50 gold pieces in each button of the young man's sweater vest and other articles of clothing, in this way managing to conceal $55. She hoped by this foresight to provide him with the means of sustaining life in case he should be taken a prisoner by the Germans. FARMS FOR THE SOLDIERS. Our Government officials and other thoughtful persons realized that after the war there would be a tremendous readjustment of affairs, both national and individual. The gigantic problem of turning millions of soldiers back to peaceful pursuits without disturbing labor conditions, without creating industrial upheaval, 9 130 PATRIOTIC ILLUSTRATIONS must be faced, and in such a way that every honorably dis- charged soldier and sailor would be assured an opportunity to earn a livelihood. One plan was submitted to President Wilson by Secretary Lane for opening millions of acres of land to the soldiers, to whom the nation owes an incalculable debt. He points out that in addition to over 15,000,000 acres of irrigable lands now in the Government 's hands, there are 230,000,000 acres of unoccupied land in the United States, about one-half of which is cultivable, by clearing, draining, etc. While the use of these vast stretches of land would no doubt prove a great help to many of the enlisted men returning from war, the development of it would also be of great benefit to the nation in the increased output of products of the soil. CARING FOB THE HANDICAPPED. Hitherto in history, after every big war, the cripples, partly or totally disabled, have been left almost entirely to their own resources, perhaps with a small pension. Some have been sent to old soldiers' homes for an existence of doleful monotony. The United States Government does not propose to make thig mistake again. Plans are being worked out to train every physically handicapped soldier or sailor for a job at which he can earn as much as in his former employment. In the meantime his family will be taken care of, and he will be provided, at Govern- ment expense, with an artificial Jimb (if he has lost an arm or a leg), so cleverly constructed that a stranger would not know the man had been injured. As his power to work increases, he gets a new vision of life. The despondency which at first came to him, gives way to optimism as he begins to think of what he will be able to do. Study of the subject in its practical aspects has proved that four out of every five men who have suffered amputations may be FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS enabled, by suitable training, to earn a good living. Of the remainder, three out of four can earn a livelihood in special workshops. THE CHURCHES AFTER THE WAR. Rev. Ira Landrith discussed the above subject in the Chris- tian Endeavor World, in which he said: "A million and a half or two million of the pick of American young manhood, accustomed in war to think only in terms of Calvary for themselves, will hardly be satisfied in peace with a religious life that is content with the lines of least resistance. Pink teas and pretty ecclesiastical millinery and lovely spiritual lullabies will hardly fill the measure of a young man's ideas of Christian activity after he has climbed out of the trenches, or off a man-of-war, or down from the steering-seat of an aeroplane, where he was willing to suffer and serve and die for his neighbor and his country, and for the weal of other countries and their imperiled peoples. "The church work of to-morrow must have in it more of the heroic, more of the sacrificial in a word, more of the Christ- like than much not by any means all of ante-bellum church work seemed to have." WHEN THE BOYS CAME HOME. The right kind of foresight plans further than the task immediately to be undertaken. During the first few months of America's participation in the war we were all concerned about getting as many men to France as possible in the shortest pos- sible time. Everything else was made secondary to this end. Then people began to ask themselves, "What about getting all these boys home after the warf" That is, those who were still living, and naturally it would mean the great majority of them. Senator Cummins introduced a resolution in the U. S. Senate expressing it to be the sense of the United States and 132 PATRIOTIC ILLUSTRATIONS the allied nations that all shipping facilities should be utilized without discrimination after peace is declared in returning troops and war equipment to American ports. The Senator rightly declared that unless some satisfactory arrangement was made to do this in the least possible time, it would mean a serious handicap to the United States, which stopped at no sacrifice to save England and France from the ravages of the Hun. England, he pointed out, was only thirty miles from home with her soldiers and equipment; France and Italy were at home, while the United States was three thousand miles from home. It was but simple justice that America be given every con- sideration possible by the Allies that will aid in the return of our soldiers and our equipment, that we might not be seriously handicapped in the race for commercial success, which was sure to be very active when the world returned to its normal state. BED CROSS SCHOOLS FOB WOUNDED. Anticipating the great need of wounded soldiers returning home from the battle-front for help in learning some profitable trade, the Bed Cross Society decided upon a number of schools, located throughout the country. The first one was opened in New York in July, 1918, with four separate departments teaching the manufacture of artificial limbs, linotype and mono- type operating, mechanical drafting and oxy-acetylene welding. FREEDOM THE ONLY LASTING LIBERTY. The new emblem of liberty rising majestically above the wreck of war and blazoned upon the heavens is the cross. It stands for a righteousness that makes a pledge sacred. It is the pledge of peace, it is the basis of brotherhood and the emblem of human fraternity. The war is becoming a religious FOR PUBLIC SPEAKER T33 war a fight against a nation whose god is the Jove of the cinched and mailed fist, not the Christ of the open and nail-pierced hand. Above the smoke of battle "is seen a form like unto the Son of man. ' ' Our crusaders may not wear the cross on their breasts, but they carry the spirit of the cross within their breasts. They count not their lives dear unto themselves, but Justice and liberty dearest. This cross represents conscience, courage and cleanness against the black background of lying, loot and lust. To statesmen; society and sect; Gentile, Jew and Christian; the man of the street, of the study and of the factory the cross is taking on a new significance and gaining a new reverence. "In the cross of Christ I glory, Towering o'er the wrecks of time ; All the light of sacred 'story Gathers round its head sublime." Association Men, 1917. A LESSON FOE MANY. During a street argument a man swung his arms violently to emphasize what he was saying, and as he shouted, "This is a free country ! ' ' hit a stranger on the nose. "This may be a free country," said the enraged man, "but your liberty ends where my nose begins ! ' ' As the Youth 's Companion says, *'* There are many Americans who need to learn that lesson." FOR THE LIBERTY OF THE WORLD. "The right is more precious than peace," said Woodrow Wilson, after the United States entered the war, "and we shall fight for the things which we have always carried nearest our hearts for democracy, for the right of those who submit to- authority to have a voice in their own governments, for the right and liberties of small nations, for a universal dominion of rights by such a concert of free peoples as shall bring peace and safety to all nations, and make the world itself at last free." 134 PATRIOTIC ILLUSTRATIONS OVER THE TOP WHY? Over the top, for the cause that's right, For the land you love and a fireside bright, For the little school and the church on the hill, For the orchard plot and the fields you till, For the plucky women who work and wait, For the kiddies at home with your household mate, For all that is best, for all that is true. Over the topi And our prayers with you. Over the top, for the rights of men, For the freedom of limb and tongue and pen, For the big round world that hopes to see A larger liberty yet to be, For the babe unborn that will enter in To the grand inheritance you shtDl win, For a world that's safe and a peace that's true. Over the topi And our hearts with yon. Over the top, for yonr God and king, For the thoughts you think and the hymns you sing, For the sky above and the earth below. For the right to breathe the fresh winds that blow. For the life of a man and not of a slave, For the pleasure of digging a tyrant's grave, For the soul of a world 'gainst a hellish crew. Over the topi And good luck to you! Tit-Bits, London. SOME THINGS DEARER THAN LIFE. When Secretary of War Baker returned from Europe, in 1918, after having inspected war conditions abroad, he said in a public address: "I do not love war; I do not enjoy the idea of war; and yet there are some things dearer than life. Our fathers fought from 1776 to 1783 to establish freedom. Would we call back the Continental Annyf Would We send Lafayette back to France and Rochambeau f Would we take Washington 's sword out of his hand and break it oveV our knee and say: 'Don't do that ; we would rather live forever slaves to a tyrannous govern- ment tfian have a fight about it't Would we call back any of the true wars that have been fought for principle and for the establishment of right in this world! No!" FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS T35 TKUE FREEDOM. Is true freedom but to break Fetters for our own dear sake, And, with leathern hearts, forget That we owe mankind a debt? Nol True freedom is to share All the chains our brothers wear, And with heart and hand to be Earnest to make others free I They are slaves who fear to speak For the fallen and the weak; They are slaves who will not choose Hatred, scoffing and abuse, Rather than in silence shrink From the truth they needs must think; They are slaves who dare not be In the right with two or three. James Russell Lowell. OUR FAMOUS LIBERTY BELL. The Liberty Bell was originally cast in England and brought to Philadelphia in 1752. Structural defects required that it be recast twice in the following year. The second time, this inscription was chosen for it: "Proclaim liberty throughout the land, unto all the inhab- itants thereof. ' ' Lev. 25 : 10. At that time there was no controlling thought of American liberty, of freedom from England, although there was wide- spread dissatisfaction with British colonial methods. The bell was hung in Philadelphia and was rung on all noted public occa- sions, and, as a matter of course, it was rung on July 4, 1776, when the Declaration of Independence was signed. After that date it was used only on exceptional occasions the 4th of July and when great patriots passed away. In 1847, Chief Justice Marshall, of the United States Supreme Court, died, and when the bell was tolled in his honor it cracked. However much we may deplore the marring of the bell, the crack in the great mass of metal seems to give it a picturesqueness that would otherwise have been lacking. 136 PATRIOTIC ILLUSTRATIONS GRATITUDE AGED RUSSIAN BECOMES AMERICAN. Julius Lesser, a native of Russia, ninety-four years of age, residing in New York City, has taken out his first citizenship papers, declaring his intention to become a citizen of the United States, and grateful for the opportunity. It seems he had lived in hope that his native country would come out of her trials in an honorable manner during his life- time, but the continued upheavals there apparently caused him to abandon this idea. In speaking of the situation, he said with much feeling: "The way things are going now in the old country, it breaks a man's heart. Now it is Mr. Kerensky, now it is Mr. Trotzky, now it is Mr. Lenine, now it is nobody and now it is everybody. It is time I became a citizen of America, where there is no such changing. ' ' His wife, who is seventy years of age, chimed in: "But it took twenty years to get him to this office. Yes, for twenty years I have been trying to get him to become an American citizen." Notwithstanding his age, Mr. Lesser says his mind is clear and that he can beat anybody playing checkers. MY ADOPTED COUNTRY. America! Land of my choice, None other would I claim mine own. All that I have, all that I am, It shall be thine alone. Behold my heart! Its every beat Is for thy greater weal; My head, my hands and swift my feet Shall wait on thee with zeal. Whate'er to them be thy commands With joy shall be obeyed; Nor any service shall I call Too mean nor yet too great. FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS [37 I came to thy fair, smiling land, Its gates wide open yea! And from thy bounty thou hast given More than I can repay. So use me as thou deemest best; And loyal to the end, I shall with every drop of blood Thy flag my flag defendl WiUatz Johannsen, vn Oakland Tribune. ONE THING TO REMEMBER. There is nothing so painful to the human heart as ingratitude, on the part of those who have been benefited, toward the one who has, perhaps at great sacrifice, brought about that benefit. When our soldier boys came back from the war to our commu- nities, every true American citizen was glad to do all in his power to show his gratitude, and to speak it. Some of the boys are crippled for life. Don't hesitate to make an opportunity, if nec- essary, to let such know that you are grateful, very grateful for we must remember that they enlisted for the U. S., which means "US." We should never forget the terrible experience of Nat Spencer, which has been told again and again, but it can never be told too often. Here it is, briefly given: While Nat and a brother were students in a theological sem- inary in the suburbs of Chicago, in September, 1860, the cry rang out that the "Lady Elgin," an excursion steamer with over three hundred passengers on board, was sinking only a few hundred yards from the shore-line of Chicago. Soon a great crowd had gathered, many of the people panic-stricken, helpless to rescue the passengers of the "Lady Elgin." But Nat Spencer and brother quickly procured a long rope, and, the former being a strong, trained swimmer, it was fastened to his body. He leaped into the waves and fought his way inch by inch out to the ship. In a moment he had a woman in his arms and was pulled back to shore by his brother and others. 138 PATRIOTIC ILLUSTRATIONS After he had in this way saved the lives of seventeen women and children, he sank down exhausted. All the time the cries of distress of those on the doomed ship and their loved ones on the shore were ringing in his ears. By a supreme effort he rallied his strength, and again leaped into the waters. After rescuing a total of twenty-three, his strength entirely failed him. He was carried to his bed, very weak, sick, and almost out of his mind. What about those he had saved? Surely they or their friends let him, know that they were very grateful to him? No. Here is the simple, solemn, awful truth about those twenty-three: Not one of them ever came back to thank Nat Spencer for what he had done. Not one of them even wrote him a letter of thanks. Nat Spencer, the brave, kind-hearted, sympathetic young man, went out into the world an invalid, having given the strength of his youth for twenty-three human beings who did not so much as say "Thank you." Were they worthy of such sacrifice? Are we worthy of the sacrifice our brave, fine soldier boys made for us? If we are, let us show it. TELL THEM so when- ever opportunity affords. GREED GERMANY WANTED THE WORLD. James W. Gerard, American Ambassador to the German Im- perial Court from July 28, 1913, to February 4, 1917, says in his book, "My Four Years in Germany," that the nobles of Prussia are always for war. Here is an extract: "Early in the winter of 1914 the Crown Prince, in conversa- tion with a beautiful American woman of my acquaintance, said that he hoped war would occur while his father was alive, but, if not, he would, start a war the moment he came to the throne. The American woman who had this conversation with him wrote FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS 139 out for me the exact conversation in her own words, as follows: 'I had given him Norman Angell's book, "The Great Illusion," which seeks to prove that war is unprofitable. He [the Crown Prince] said, whether war was profitable or not, that when he came to the throne there would be war if not before just for the fun of it. On a previous occasion he had said that the plan was to attack and conquer France, then England, and, after that, my country [United States of America]. Russia was also to be conquered, and Germany would be master of the world.' " FAKERS TAKE ADVANTAGE OF FEARS. Authorities throughout the United States found that clair- voyant fakers were taking advantage of the natural fears and anxieties of folks with dear ones in the war zones. One paper, in referring to this, says: "It may be said without qualification that all clairvoyants are fakers. But it is not hard to understand how a noble and anxious mother with a son at the front will grasp at any straw to learn something definite of his well-being even will put reason behind her and place herself in the hands of one of these soothsayers. The clairvoyants know this, and make special efforts to catch just such customers." There is no condition of sorrow or poverty that selfish, wicked persons will not take advantage of for their own selfish ends. They deserve the severe contempt of every patriotic citizen. ALEXANDER AND THE KAISER. What seems as one of the most impossible feats of ancient times was that of Alexander the Great, who proposed to have a monster statue of himself cut out of solid rock on a mountain- side. We can imagine, perhaps, something of the size of this statue when we recall that the plan was to have one of the arms outstretched, with a great boulevard running the entire length of the arm, and in the outstretched hand a wonderful big city. 140 PATRIOTIC ILLUSTRATIONS Had this been achieved it would have made all of the other "wonders of the world" seem small by comparison. As impossible of realization as this may seem, it was more within the bounds of reason than the scheme of the Kaiser to conquer the world to hold the world in his hand, as it were and become its conceited, egotistical ruler. The Kaiser finally realized the truth of this statement: ' ' You will never succeed in ruling the world as long as ' Your Uncle Samuel' is a part of the world." DEBAUCHERY OF GERMAN RATIONALISM. Clear thinkers in America have reached the conclusion that one of the principal causes of the great war, if not the under- lying cause, is what is known as German rationalism, which flourished for a century and a half in Germany. George P. Rutledge, editor of the Christian Standard, in an article in The Lookout, June 30, 1918, tells how this system of thinking origi- nated and what it has done: ' ' Voltaireism, enlarged upon and matured in Germany, and now properly called 'German rationalism,' represented the Bible as a collection of ancient literature literature uninspired, exag- gerated accounts of events, Oriental dreams and musings, etc. It declares that there are no Messianic prophecies in the Old Testament, and that Jesus was a mere man a reformer who happened to be an extraordinary thinker, and who planned wisely for many centuries; it repudiates the miracles; it describes God as an evolution in the human mind; its explanation of everything is by some process of evolution. "Rationalism is a system of low thinking. Low thinking develops low ethics. Though regarded in the past as intellectual, it is universally admitted that Germany is the grossest nation under the sun; she has never been noted for chivalry toward women or the exemplification of a single refined human quality. Rationalism, wherever found and in whatever form, develops an FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS I4]_ ambition to wield the scepter. Power is its watchword. In Germany this ambition to rule, like the system which nourished it, assumed colossal proportions. Hence the long-laid and care- fully matured plan, upon the part of Germany, to gain and enjoy world supremacy. "The debased ideals of the German people, promoted through their universities, pulpits and literature, are in conflict with, not only democracy, but high-pitched morality and with religion. Should Germany win this war, she would, as her philosophers, preachers and statesmen have prophesied, proceed to force her shrines upon every nation in the world. But . . . the victory for democracy will be won. " 'Right is right, since God is God, And right' the day will win; To doubt would be disloyalty, To falter would be sin.' " A WEAPON AGAINST EXTORTION. Because of the influence of a free press, the citizens of Los Angeles were enabled to bring a certain male resident of that city to time in short order. The Times exposed the effort of a shark to impose upon a woman to whom he had loaned $200 three years previous, taking a deed of trust on her home as security. During that time she had paid him the amount of the loan, yet so steep was his interest charge, compounded monthly, and his commissions, that he claimed there was still $700 due him. Under the powers conferred by the trust deed he proceeded to advertise her home for sale, and in her distress she could do nothing to save it. She had been unable to raise any more money, as she had two sons with the American Army in France. But as a result of the expose in the newspaper mentioned, over four hundred of the best citizens of Los Angeles were present at the time the sale was advertised to take place, filling the loan shark's office and overflowing into the halls and entrances. A few of those 142 PATRIOTIC ILLUSTRATIONS present quickly raised three dollars, bought a rope and proposed to hang the man out of his own office window, where the body could be seen from the street. Bather than submit to this incon- venience, he made the woman a clear deed to her home, with a receipt in full for all claims he had presented, together with his certiried check for $298, the amount he had collected from her for "commissions." While Americans have been rightly agitated over German greed and cruelty in the war zones of Europe, our country will never be right with her own citizens until such injustice as this beast in Los Angeles was preparing to perpetrate upon the help- less woman with two sons in France has been made impossible. There may not always be a crowd at hand with a rope and will to stop such extortions, so our laws should be made to cover all such cases. GERMANY'S PLOT AGAINST AMERICA. If there are any persons slow to believe that Germany planned the world war and the subjugation of the United States, all doubts will be removed by reading "Conquest and Kultur," com- piled by Professors Notestein and Stoll, of the University of Minnesota, and issued by the Committee on Public Information at Washington, D. C., a copy of which may be obtained by writ- ing to this committee. In this book it is shown that Count von Goetzen, one of Ger- many's military attaches, who watched the war operations in Cuba at the time of the Spanish- American War, in 1898, said to Maj. M. A. Bailey, of the United States Army: "About fifteen years from now my country will start her great war. She will be in Paris in about two months after the commencement of hostilities. Her move on Paris will be but a step toward her real object the crushing of England. Every- thing will move like clockwork. We will be prepared and others will not be prepared. I am not afraid to tell you, because if FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS 143 you do speak of it, no one would believe you and everybody would laugh at you. ' ' Sometime after we finish our work in Europe we will take New York, and probably Washington, and hold them for some time. We will put your country in its place with reference to Germany. We do not propose to take any of your territory, but we do intend to take a billion or more dollars from New York and other places. The Monroe Doctrine will be taken charge of by us, and we will take charge of South America as far as we want to." The invasion of America by Germany was detailed at great length by Baron von Edelsheim in 1901, in his book, "Operations upon the Sea." When he wrote it he was in the service of the German General Staff. He said: "The fact that one or two of her [America's] provinces are occupied by invaders would not alone move the Americans to sue for peace. To accomplish this end, the invaders would have to inflict real material damage by injuring the whole country through the successful seizure of many of the Atlantic ports, in which the threads of the entire wealth of the nation meet. It should be so managed that a line of land operations would be in close juncture with the fleet [German], through whicii we would be in a position to seize in a short time many of those important and rich cities, to interrupt their means of supply, disorganize all Governmental affairs, assume the control of all useful buildings, confiscate all war-and- transport supplies, and, lastly, to impose heavy indemnities. As a matter of fact, Germany is the only great Power which is in a position to con- quer the United States." PUTTING IN HER CLAIM. A greedy Boston woman, who had applied for a pension, was asked by the pension examiner: "Why do you think yourself entitled to a pension?" 144 PATRIOTIC ILLUSTRATIONS ' ' Why, ' ' was the surprised reply, ' ' my husband and I fought all during the Spanish- American War I " HATRED MANY KINDS OF HATRED. One of Henry van Dyke's poems is entitled "Righteous Wrath," in which he speaks of many kinds of hate; some fierce and fatal, mean, craven, selfish; others, the anger of the better against the baser, the false and wicked against the tyrant's sword : "O cleansing indignation, O flame of righteous wrath, Give me a soul to see thee and follow in thy path I Save me from selfish virtue, arm me for fearless fight, And give me strength to carry on, a soldier of the right I" GERMANY'S POEM OF HATE. Soon after the war clouds burst over Europe in August, 1914, Ernest Lissauer wrote "A Chant of Hate Against En- gland," which was published in many parts of the world. The London Times, as did other papers outside of Germany, regarded it, not as the expression of an individual, but as the culmination of the spirit of the German people, commenting: 4 ' We do not remember such hatred as this expressed by any poet. There is something frightful about it, something deadly, concentrated, malignant. It is no hysterical outburst of weak- ness, but a revelation of collected, conscious and purposeful rage. It only sums up in concentrated form many previous expressions of the same feeling, but it does so with an intensity which makes it a portent. Such verses spring only from the heart of a people, and we shall do well to note them." The subsequent atrocities of the Germans seems to have proven the correctness of the interpretation. The first and last verses of the poem will give some idea of the bitterness it expresses : FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS H5 "French and Russian, they matter not. A blow for a blow and a shot for a shot. We love them not, we hate them not. We hold the Weichsel and Vosges gate. We have but one hate and only one hate. We love as one, we hate as one. We have one foe, and one alone. "You we will hate with a lasting hate. We will never forego our hate. Hate by water and hate by land, Hate of the head and hate of the hand, Hate of the hammer and hate of the crown, Hate of seventy millions, choking down. We love as one, we hate as one. We hate one foe. and one alone England !" And yet something must have caused the Germans to regret the production of such a poem, for one year after its publica- tion, which aroused a storm of indignation against the spirit therein expressed, the following appeared in the Literary Digest: "Ernest Lissauer is reported to have repudiated his 'Hymn of Hate,' for which he was decorated with the order of the Bed Eagle of the fourth class, and several German papers have launched a campaign to keep the baleful hymn out of books that children are likely to read." HELPFULNESS MOTHERING CONVALESCENT SAILORS. One of the commendable works of sympathy near the naval stations of our country, which received the endorsement of the Government, was taking sick sailors into private homes during their period of convalescence, to be cared for as tenderly as though they were in their own homes. It had been learned that many sailors experienced intense homesickness while recover- ing from illness at the naval stations. This method not only did much to relieve such a condition, but no doubt aided in the speedier recovery of many of "our boys." 10 146 PATRIOTIC ILLUSTRATIONS SALVATION ARMY GIVES CHEER. Among the splendid organizations that followed the flag to minister to American soldiers was the Salvation Army, with its world-wide plan of helpfulness. Tens of thousands of the mem- bers of this Army were also members of Uncle Sam's Army, loyal in every sense of the word. One correspondent in France wrote as follows of the helpful- ness of the Salvation Army's work there: ''Supplies are hard to get, but the Salvation Army smiles and does its best, and in return is well beloved by the soldier. The Salvation Army is famous for its doughnuts and pies. Men coming out of the trenches there (near Toul) can always count on doughnuts and pies when they get back to the Army hut. Where this is not possible, the Army endeavors to keep many things that the soldiers might want candies, cakes, writing-paper, candles, hot coffee, etc. In the reading-room is a graphophone. The soldier knows he is always welcome to sit over his coffee and cakes as long as he likes while record after record is run off by his comrades. "The work of the Salvation Army is not going to be for- gotten soon by America's fighting army. The little woman in a bonnet standing behind a kettle on the streets at home means more to the American in France than she did before the war. They have seen her sisters at work in the field." A LESSON FROM THE BATTLEFIELD. Coningsby Dawson, in "The Glory of the Trenches," gives this beautiful picture: "Men forgot their own infirmities in their endeavor to help each other. Before the war we had a phrase which has taken on a new meaning now; we used to talk about 'lending a hand.' To-day we lend not only hands, but arms and eyes and legs. The wonderful comradeship learned in the trenches has taught men to lend their bodies to each other FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS 147 out of two maimed bodies to make up one which is whole and sound and shared. This is seen all the time in the hospitals. A man who had only one leg would pal with a man who had only one arm. The one-armed man would wheel the one-legged man about the garden in a chair; at mealtimes the one-legged man would cut up the one-armed man's food for him. They had both lost something, but, by pooling what was left, they managed to own a complete body. By the time the war is ended there'll be great hosts of helpless men who by combining will have learned how to become helpful. They'll establish a new standard of very simple and cheerful socialism." UNDER THE DARK SHADOW. In Robert Herrick's little book, "The Conscript Mother," an officer, pleading with a superior for a pass that the mother might get through the lines to the place where her boy was fighting, said: "It is not much good that any of us can do now in this life. We are all so near death that it seems we should do whatever kindness we can to one another." Even if guns are not thundering around us, we, too, are so near death and the end of our opportunities that we must not fail to do whatever good we can to others. Christian Endeavor World. WHEN FRANCE HELPED AMERICA. Soon after General Pershing landed in France with the first American troops, he was asked to make a speech. His response was in a few words, made at the tomb of Lafayette, but will live long in historical records: "Lafayette, we are here." Although the prevailing sentiment of the French people was in sympathy with America in her struggle for liberty in the war of the Revolution, France was nominally neutral at the time Lafayette came to us, and the French king even tried to arrest him in order to prevent his departure. But, escaping the king's 148 PATRIOTIC ILLUSTRATIONS officers, he brought over a sliipload of war ammunitions, volun- teered to serve in our army without pay, was commissioned a major-general by Congress, though under twenty years of age, and at his own expense equipped the troops which he commanded. The fame of his brilliant exploits and the letters which he wrote home fired the enthusiasm of the French people for our cause, and, because of his exalted rank in the nobility of France, his efforts were largely instrumental in influencing the French Government to enter the war as our ally. With alternating successes and reverses, the war had dragged wearily on for five years, and our people were becoming dis- couraged because the end was not in sight, and the issue was still doubtful when, on July 11, 1780, they were cheered by the arrival at Newport, R. I., of the French Army on thirty-six transports convoyed by seven battleships and two frigates. This army was under command of the Count de Rochambean, a splendid type of the old French nobility. Beginning at the age of sixteen, he had taken active part in three great European wars, and had risen to the high rank of lieutenant-general. After the lapse of 137 years we have sent General Pershing and Admiral Sims in command of our expeditionary army and naval forces to return the memorable visit of Rochambeau and Admiral de Grasse (who came later with his entire fleet of war- ships and three thousand French soldiers on transports) for a like purpose, which we hope they will accomplish with equal glory and success. Comfort, February, 1918. ' MILLIONAIRE SOLDIERS. ' ' This is a title which the French who came in contact with the United States Marines gave to our boys "over there, " because they were so generous in relieving distress. In many instances Marines gave up their entire month's pay to purchase food for destitute French women and children. The Germans, on the other hand, terrorized by the fighting of these troops, dubbed FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS H9 them "Devil-dogs." This gives us a good demonstration of the ability of our enlisted men to manfully meet every situation, combining both mercy and justice in an admirable way. AMERICAN TREES FOR FRANCE. Nothing that the Germans have done in France was more despicable than the deliberate ravaging of the occupied country for no military reason. At every point where they were driven back by the Allies, they destroyed whatever they could not carry off. The spirit of malicious mischief was especially revealed by the spoliation of the forests and orchards. If there was not time to fell trees, they girdled them. The need of repairing this widespread injury after the war will be very great. It is a gracious act, therefore, for the Penn- sylvania Department of Forestry to offer four million white pine seedlings from the State nurseries for this purpose. Philadel- phia Public Ledger. WONDERFUL WAR SURGERY. Surgeon-General William C. Gorgas, of the United States Army, who stamped out yellow fever in Cuba, and by his great improvement in sanitary conditions made possible the building of the Panama Canal, made the statement, as told by Mary B. Mullett in the American Magazine, that, owing to recent wonder- ful advances in fighting disease and in surgery, the proportionate losses in the great world war were very small compared to our own Civil War. He also says there is no finer surgery in the world to-day than that which is being done for our soldiers; that a man who receives an injury now has a much better chance of recovery than a man who received a similar injury in our Civil War; then, if a man had a badly injured arm, it was cut off; if he had a serious knee wound or a shattered bone in the leg, they chopped off the leg. 150 PATRIOTIC ILLUSTRATIONS "Compare this primitive procedure," said Dr. Qorgas, "with the miracles of surgery which are saving the lives and limbs of soldiers to-day. . . . Antiseptic methods are the foundation on which the entire fabric of modern surgery rests. They have made possible an undreamed-of brilliance of technic. We are not only saving lives which in any previous war would have been lost, but we are doing remarkable repair work bone-graft- ing, bone-plating, skin-grafting, plastic surgery, etc." In telling of the latter phase of war surgery, London Tit-Bits says: "The surgeons have become sculptors in human flesh. A man whose face had been blown away by a shell had a new nose and lips grown for him. New chins are no longer a matter for comment. To construct a nose, a piece of gristle is removed from the region of the ribs. A man who could not eat because he had no lower jaw, was given a new one constructed from his shin-bone. New lips are provided with flesh removed from the neck. Broken bones in the cranium are removed and fresh ones put in their place and kept there with metal support." This is from an American daily: "The doctors, ambulance men and Red Cross nurses throw their field hospitals so close to the firing-line that deaths and amputations from wounds have been reduced to the lowest proportion ever known. If the doctors reach a man within four or five hours after he is wounded, they are pretty sure to beat the tetanus and gangrene bacilli. The physician and surgeon have attained complete control of wound infection to the extent that" of those who survive six hours after being hit, ninety per cent, recover; of those who reach the field hospital, ninety-five per cent., and of those who reach the base hospital, ninety-eight per cent." GAVE HIS MONEY TO MARCHERS. During the Red Cross drive of 1918, the citizens of Oakland, Cal., gave a wonderful parade, pronounced the best ever seen in that city. As the- thousands of women participating marched FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS by singing, Jesse D. Parsons, an old man on the curb-line, wept as he saw them, then joined in the singing. Not satisfied with this, he rushed into stores time after time, getting bills changed into coins, which he handed to the marchers for the Red Cross fund, until he had distributed $500. At one time a policeman endeavored to take him away from the line, but the crowd hissed the officer, and the old man called out: "This is my money, SJN? I want to give it in this way!" BOTTLED BLOOD SAVES WOUNDED. Prominent surgeons of the United States in attendance at the convention of the American Surgical Association, at Cincinnati, in 1918, were told how the lives of the fighting men on the battlefields of Europe were being saved by the injection of bottled blood into the veins of the wounded. This blood is known to the medical profession as citrate of blood. Sir Arbuthnot Lane, of London, told the surgeons that in one of the drives of the Germans, when the British Army was forced to retreat, thirty bottles of citrate of blood were captured by the enemy. "I hope the foe will use the blood," said the speaker. "Perhaps it will make better human beings out of them." HEROISM THE MAN AT THE SHIP'S PUMP. A writer gives this incident: "Every student of history remembers Captain Perry's dispatch after the battle of Lake Erie: 'We have met the enemy, and they are ours.' Every one remembers the great and significant result of the fight, but few, perhaps, have heard of one humble worker who served his country just as truly there as if he had been on deck amid shot and shell, earning a glory as well as the reward of a good conscience. Just as the ships were going into action, the mate 152 PATRIOTIC ILLUSTRATIONS of the 'Lawrence' said to Wilson Mays, who was ill and unfit for service: 'Go below, Mays; you are too weak to be here.' 'I can do something, sir,' was the stout reply. 'What can you dof 'I can sound the pump, sir, and let a strong man go to the guns.' Then he sat down by the pump, and thus released for active service a man who had more muscle. And when the fight was over, there he was found, with a bullet through the heart." In every crisis of our country every loyal citizen should say, as did this hero, "I can do something," and do it, with every ounce of energy he possesses. THE HERO DOWN BELOW. This tribute was written by the sweetheart of a fireman OD the U. S. 8. "Olympia": "Though his name is never mentioned, Though we see or know him not. Though his deeds may never bring him worldly fame, He's a man above the others And the bravest of the lot And the hero of the battle, just the same. "He's theTiian who does the work, down below; From the labor does not shirk, down below; He is shoveling day and night, Feeding flames a-blazing bright, Keeping up a killing fight, down below." SHOWER OF ROSES FROM THE SKY. Maj. Raoul Lufbery, aged thirty-four years, was regarded as the best aviator in the American service in France up to the time of his death, on May 20, 1918. At a great elevation, while fighting a giant German biplane, his machine was seen to burst into flames. When eight hundred feet from the earth he leaped from his machine, dropping like a plummet to his death. He had won eighteen battles in the air with the Germans. His body was buried near a village in France. The funeral procession included two hundred American and French officers. FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS [53 The party drew up at the grave, and while the service was being conducted one American aviator after another planed down from the sky, his motor shut off, until he was just overhead. Each threw out great bunches of red roses, which floated down on the coffin and the bared heads of tha officers and caps of the many soldiers who were drawn up at attention, the whole making a most impressive and unusual scene. One can not help but wish that the day may soon come for the whole earth when flowers instead of shells shall be showered upon all mankind. CHERISHED WOUNDS MORE THAN MEDALS. Girardo Nocella is the name of one of the most wonderful soldiers who served in the French Army during the first three years and a half of the war with Germany. He was wounded seven times and received seven medals. He received every honor that could be bestowed upon a private soldier, and was then given an honorable discharge against his will, for he wanted to go on fighting. He was told he had. done his full duty, and must rest and recuperate. So he came to America, to visit an uncle, where the remarkable story of his courage was given to the American people through the newspapers. Novella was shot four times in the legs, once in the abdomen, once in the head and once in the left hand. Although his body is marked with wounds and scars, he is jroud of them. Speaking of them, he said: ' ' I cherish more my seven wounds than I do my seven medals. Each wound tells me I have done something for France I could never do too much." In speaking of the beginning of hostilities by the Germans and the march toward Paris, he said: ''When the call came in August, 1914, it was impossible to stem the tide of enlistment; the spirit tlat went behind it all Was too powerful to reckon with quotas. We shall never stop 154 PATRIOTIC ILLUSTRATIONS fighting until every man of us is dead. The wounded will come from the hospitals, the women will shoulder guns, the little ones will reap the harvests in the fields, for France shall not be beaten. ' ' When the war began he was twenty-four, with a wife and two little boys one of three years of age and the other a babe in arms. When asked if he was not afraid to leave them, to volun- teer at the opening of the war, he replied with fervor, his eyes sparkling with a strange light: " It is for them we fight!" If all goes well, he hopes to send for his wife and children to come to America, and make his home in beautiful California. HOME THE BEGINNING OF PATRIOTISM. Chaplain Dancy, serving with the American Army in France, sent a message to the Executive Committee of the Illinois Sunday School Association, of which he was formerly a member, which contains a statement that every true American should heed. Here is a portion of his message: "The temptations for men to slip spiritually and morally are great, of course, as they always are in army life. But what is really going on is the testing of the work that American homes and churches have done. Where the work has been well done, the soldier will pass through the temptations safely, as a rule. "Every one at home is full of an eager passion to do some- thing for the nation. With all respect to the fine work of the Red Cross, of the Young Men's Christian Association, and of similar organizations, let me say solemnly that none of them offers the opportunity to serve one's country that the Sunday school offers. You can, train a soldier to fight in a year, but it takes all his preceding years to train him morally and spiritually to the sort of manhoql that makes the sort of a soldier upon which his superiors anO his country can rely. It is manhood that FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS T55 counts out here, and that comes only through the Christian home and the Christian church." "KEEP THE HOME FIRES BURNING." The author of this beautiful, popular song, Mrs. Lena Grul- bert Ford, an American woman, was killed in a London air raid by the Germans, in March, 1918: "They were summoned from the hillside, They were called in from the glen, And the country found them ready At the stirring call for men. Let no tears add to their hardships. As the soldiers pass along, And, although your heart is breaking, Make it sing this cheery Bong: REFRAIN. " 'Keep the home fires burning While our hearts are yearning; Though your lads are far away, They dream of home. There's a silver lining Through the dark cloud shining; Turn the dark clouds inside out. Till the boys come home.' "Over seas there came a pleading, 'Help a nation in distress I" And we gave our glorious laddies; Honor made us do no less. For no gallant son of freedom To a tyrant's yoke should bend ; And a noble heart must answer To the sacred call of 'Friend.' " "ANYTHING FROM THE HOMELAND." An American newspaper correspondent in France tells of a large number of American infantrymen who were in a certain section when a deep-toned locomotive whistle was heard. ' ' Sounds like an American locomotive, surer than thunder ! ' ' exclaimed one of the men, while all stopped to listen. Then the "chug-chug-chug" of the engine was heard, all the while coming 156 PATRIOTIC ILLUSTRATIONS nearer. In a few moments a great American locomotive, of the Baldwin type, came out of the woods into full view, pulling a long line of small French freight-cars. The soldiers were imme- diately in an ecstasy of delight. It made every one of them think of "home, sweet home." They stood and watched the sight until the big Baldwin could be seen no more, then started on with lighter hearts than they had known for many days. "We're liable to get shelled here," said one of the men, when they stopped; "but if you fellows are game, I am. I'd take a chance with shells any day to see a Baldwin locomotive with a good old American whistle." The correspondent described the American locomotives as ' ' big, husky ones, making the French engines look like toys ; ' ' and said "the French locomotives have a 'tooter' on them resem- bling an enlarged peanut-wagon whistle, with no bell at all." HIS LETTER HOME. It is his boyish scrawl ; two eyes grow dim A mother's eyes which used to watch for him; A message then to father on the 'phone. For such a treat one should not have alone. Tis read through hurriedly and then again. And once more slowly, for their little Ben Has used strange terms as yet unknown to her. Now father rushes in with manly stir; He, smiling, reads aloud and walks the floor And scans the pages for a wee bit more. The children come from school and each must hear And have explained the names that sound so queer. The passing neighbors ask about "the boy," And mother proudly reads, aglow with joy. Then father tucks the envelope away, And mother's hurt, but will not say him nay; She longs to take it to her club, but well. There's much she's memorized enough to tell. Besides, next day the paper prints it all, And father struts and never looked so tall, And mother cuts it out to put away To keep until he marches home some day. His fairest work, whatever trophies come, I still believe will be his letter home. Rotcoe Q. Stott, in Ladies' Home Journal. FOR PUBLIC SPEAKEFtS HONOR FRIEND OF HUMANITY. Louis XV., King of France, was appealed to in 1757 by an unprincipled courier to permit his cruisers to harass and annoy the workmen engaged in the building of the great Eddystone lighthouse, ''to give light and to save life," but refused to do so, replying: "I am the enemy of England, but not of humanity. ' ' Does any one know of such a sentiment coming from a Ger- man ruler f A WONDERFUL FLAG. When an American visited Mount Athos, the Greek monks of one of the monasteries desired to honor him, but had no American flag, so made one, with which the surprised American was greeted, and escorted to the monastery. The red stripes had been stained with raspberry jam, the blue background of the stars with gooseberry jam, while the stars themselves were star- fish gathered at low tide, baked stiff in an oven and then white- washed. This flag was proudly spread on the table at the banquet given in his honor. BELIEVED IN FAIR FIGHTING. One historian says that when the suggestion was made to Alexander the Great that he plan a night attack upon Darius at Arbela, he replied promptly: "I steal no victory." It is said this became his life motto. KISSING THE AMERICAN FLAG. Soon after the United States became a party to the world jcar, there were many instances throughout the country where trouble arose because Germans or Kaiser sympathizers would not kiss the American flag. Slowly the feeling in this regard 158 PATRIOTIC ILLUSTRATIONS changed, and the question arose: What benefit to the United States if a person should kiss the flag because forced to do so? Arthur Brisbane, in one of his newspaper articles, put it thus: "If a man insulted your wife or your grandmother, you wouldn't insist that he should kiss the lady in order to soothe your feelings. Why do excited groups insist that those who insult the flag shall kiss the flag!" PREFERRED RIGHT TO PRESIDENCY. The memorable address which Abraham Lincoln delivered at the Republican State Convention at Springfield, Ills., June 16, 1858, which has been called the "House divided against itself" speech, related to the slavery question, which was so greatly agitating the country at that time. He submitted this speech, which he had carefully written out, to a dozen or more of his friends, in a little private gathering. Some condemned it, but only one indorsed it. After answering every objection, Lincoln declared : "Friends, this thing has been retarded long enough. The time has come when these sentiments should be uttered, and if it is decreed that I should go down because of this speech, then let me go down linked to the truth let me die in the advocacy of what is just and right." MODESTY OF AMERICAN SOLDIERS. That the soldiers of Uncle Sam in France did not go there thinking of any honors that might be won, but of the important duty they had to discharge, is indicated in the report of a news- paper correspondent on the awarding of the Croix de Guerre to the 104th Regiment and the 122d Massachusetts men for their bravery in repelling the Germans in a most severe engagement. One of the soldiers, who had faced gas, deadly shells and the bayonets of the Huns without flinching, fainted when he was presented his Croix de Guerre. Many of the others looked so FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS T59 serious that their general walked along after the French officers who were awarding the medals and shook hands with his highly honored boys, and, as he took the hand of each, said something to him. Curiosity prompted the correspondent to find out what he said, and so he inquired of one of the onen. It was this: "Cheer up; it's nothing against you." CHARACTER IN A UNIFORM. We will never know how many men in the army and navy have refrained from some things that they otherwise might have done, because they did not wish to bring dishonor upon the uniform. So universal is this feeling of pride in the uniform, even among civilians, that it seems a natural impulse to trust those who wear the khaki or the navy blue. There is another organization in the world which has already won the respect and confidence of people everywhere because of what its members stand for. We refer to the Boy Scouts. These patriotic boys are trusted everywhere, and officially recognized by the U. S. Government. In the Liberty bond sales they sold millions of dollars' worth of bonds. This feeling of confidence in a boy wearing the uniform of the Boy Scouts is illustrated by an incident that occurred on a street-car. A woman entered a crowded car with a large, heavy basket. The conductor directed her to leave the basket on the platform. This she at first would not do, fearing the basket would be stolen. A Boy Scout offered her his seat and volun- teered to watch her basket, but she eyed him skeptically and hesitated about accepting his offer until the conductor said: "He's all right. He'll take care of it for you." When the old woman left the car, the Boy Scout offered to carry her basket home for her, and to this she gladly consented. Then a passenger, who had been watching and listening, asked the conductor what he knew about the boy. "I know nothing of him personally never saw him before," the conductor replied, 160 PATRIOTIC ILLUSTRATIONS ' ' but I know what that khaki suit stands for. You can trust that every time." Condensed from Tarbell's Guide. INDIANS BED MEN PROVE LOYAL. The American Indians bought more than $7,500,000 worth of the first and second Liberty Loan bonds, according to the Com- missioner of Indian Affairs. Several thousand Indians have joined the army and the navy, and approximately eighty-five per cent, of them were volunteers. THE ORIGINAL AMERICANS. Five Indians from the Government school at Fort Bidwell, Modoc County, Cal., were so anxious to do their part for Uncle Sam that, although none of them were over eighteen, they went to San Francisco and enlisted in the infantry. Their attitude was characteristic of many red men throughout the West. TRUE TO INDIAN ANCESTORS. Twenty members of the famous Passamaquoddy tribe of In- dians, from the farthest eastern tribe, near Eastport, Me., had enlisted with the U. S. troops up to July 1, 1918, to fight in France. Members of this tribe have occupied the same reserva- tion in Maine the last 150 years, and in all wars since then in which this country has had a part, have fought for the United States Government. FIRST AMERICANS STAND TRUE. The Commissioner of Indian Affairs issued a statement in July, 1918, in which he told of the response of the Indians on the various reservations to the war needs. Twenty thousand were members of the Red Cross, to which they had contributed more than $50,000 in cash, besides a large number of garments FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS for hospitals. The Omaha tribe held an auction which netted $2,000, including $300 received for a prize goat. An Indian school in Oklahoma reported a Junior Bed Cross society with a membership of nearly two hundred. The boys of a school in the Northwest gathered two thousand pounds of sphagnum moss for surgical absorbent pads. From a northern Minnesota reserva- tion comes this report from the president of an Indian Red Cross auxiliary: "One evening recently an Indian and his wife, living seven- teen miles away, came to the home of the treasurer and inquired about the work being done, the woman bringing her dollar for membership, saying: 'I want to do something for my country.' " INDUSTRY GREAT PLANT IN SHORT TIME. The large engine and airplane plant at Montgomery, Ala., was inspected and officially accepted by the Government on June 11, 1918, just forty-eight days after ground was broken to begin work. The plant consisted of forty-three buildings, and cost, with the machinery installed, the sum of $2,000,000. Uncle Sam knows how to hustle when he tries. FARM TRACTORS TO THE RESCUE. When America entered the world war there were not more than 40,000 tractors in use in American fields. Within a year there were 100,000 in operation, helping to "win the war," by doing the work of at least 200,000 men and 800,000 horses, thus enabling the American farmer to "carry on," even though his sons and his horses had gone to war by regiments and by droves. If the farmer could win out in spite of shortage of help, not only feeding the home folks, but tens of thousands "over there," it means big things in solving the " baek-to-the-soil " problem in America. 11 162 PATRIOTIC ILLUSTRATIONS BLIND WOMAN'S PATRIOTISM. A New York woman wrote as follows to the editor of a magazine: ' ' My grandmother, who lives in a small village in Iowa, is past eighty, has been totally blind for the last twenty-three years, and so crippled for the past ten or twelve years that she seldom moves from the big chair which lias become practically her 'home.' And yet she has knitted many garments for our sailors, and is now making her sixth pair of socks for the Red Cross. Besides this, she" and the daughter with whom she lives have bought two Liberty bonds, which means much sacrifice for both." KILLED BY THE GERMANS. One American death Germany will regret bitterly for many a year. It is the death of an American business, the importation of coal-tar products, aniline dyes especially, from Germany to the United States. When war began we were dependent absolutely upon Germany for dyes. Thanks to the war, this country in 1917 produced $150,000,000 worth of coal-tar products, and exported $11,000,000 worth we had more than we needed I The Kaiser's "brave troops," among other "giant deeds," have killed German industry, exports and imports, and German pros- perity in general, so dead that it will take a century to revive them. Arthur Brisbane. AMERICAN ENTERPRISE IN FRANCE. In June, 1918, a war correspondent of the London Times wrote: "After a fortnight of solid travel I am convinced that what the Americans have accomplished will rank in history as one of the greatest achievements of the war. For instance, out in tho waste lands adjacent to an old French port they have constructed a splendid line of modern docks where ships are now daily dis- FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS 163 charging men, war material, cars and machinery. In the car- assembling shops steel cars are being put together at the rate of a complete train a day. Work is proceeding rapidly on a new 20,000-bed hospital, the largest yet to be constructed. These port schemes are being so well worked out that they are capable of almost unlimited expansion." AGED WOMAN BUSY KNITTING. During the first year after America declared war against Germany, Miss Eleanor Dier, aged ninety-five, of Stamford, Conn., knit two hundred pairs of socks, besides numerous wristlets and sweaters. Her friends believe she is the champion knitter of the world, age considered. She was a member of the Bed Cross and turned her products over to that organization for distribu- tion among the soldiers. GROWTH OF THE KEUPP WOEKS. Germany '& greatest industrial plant, and one of the largest .n the world, was the Krupp Iron Works at Essen, where the great guns were made for the German Army. It is the property of Bertha Krupp, the eldest daughter of the family, who is said to be worth over $500,000,000, and employed in the plant, accord- ing to varying authorities, from sixty to one hundred thousand men and women. One paper, in commenting upon this, says her grandfather, Friedrich Krupp, founder of the works, died from a broken heart because he could not make a success of his foundry! Germany's autocratic system made the business prof- itable. GREAT FEAT OF AMERICAN ENGINEERS. When Russia faced the prospect of again being closed to the world through the freezing of the harbor at Archangel, it was quickly decided to build a railway line from Petrograd to Ekaterina, an open port within the arctic circle, which, because 164 PATRIOTIC ILLUSTRATIONS c-f a tum iu the Gulf Stream, is free from ice the year round. American engineers were called to the work and given the eon- tract to make a standard-gauge, double-track railway, the distance being six hundred miles, mostly across swamps, and to hare it completed within six months, or by the first of October, 1917. The work was completed three weeks ahead of time, notwith- standing the obstacles to be overcome seemed nhnoat insurmount- able. This is considered one of the greatest engineering feats ever performed in wartime. Another feather in America's cap. PRESIDENT DRIVES A RIVET. On Memorial Day, 1918, President Wilson drove a rivet in the keel of the steamer Gunston Hall," a 9,400-ton freighter, built at Alexandria, Va. Robert Mooney, the rivet foreman, had the honor of placing the heavy pneumatic hammer in posi- tion against the rivet head, when the PresiJent slowly pressed down the trigger of the riveter. The rat-tat-tat " sang out clearly, then suddenly the noise ceased. The jarring had shaken the President's finger loose. "Keep on!" called out Mooney, fearing the rivet would cool before the job was finished. Like '.he good American that he is, the Chief Executive of a nation of over one hundred million people smilingly obeyed the foreman and completed the work. As he turned to go, he slapped a sturdy workman on the shoulder and said: "I haven't got my union card, but I guess it's all right." The ship-builder grinned with delight as he replied: "Pretty fair work!" AGED WOMAN'S WONDERFUL WORK Mrs. Harriet Seeber, of Berkeley, CaL, made five hundred handkerchiefs as her contribution for winning the war, from the time she was 100 years of age till she was 102. A portion of the time required to do the work she could scarcely see, so her fingers were forced to feel along the folded hem to guide her FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS needle. Her hems were as straight and her stitches as regular as a machine-made article. Her handkerchiefs, which were cut out for her by a daughter, from material furnished from her own funds, were sent to the soldiers of Great Britain and Italy, and some distributed in other ways through the Bed Cross. One box of the handkerchiefs sent to England brought forth a personal letter of thanks from Queen Mary, with a request for a photo- graph of the donor, which was promptly forwarded to London. Mrs. Seeber greatly enjoyed the work. "It's all I can do," she said, "and I must do something to help win this war." THE KAISER'S COFFIN-NAILS. Leave it to Americans to name a thing. Soon after the great ship-building program of the United States was under way, some one conceived the idea of designating the driving of rivets as "driving coffin-nails in the Kaiser's casket." And it sticks. By the way, the 1918 program of our ship-building enterprises called for the driving of 313,280,000 rivets, or an average of nearly 870,000 a day. In every ship-building plant throughout the country the work- men entered upon the task with great interest, and numerous efforts to break previous high records were reported from time to time. SAYS GERMANS ARE STUPID. Maurice Casenave, Minister Plenipotentiary and financial adviser to the High French Commission at Washington, expressed the opinion that Germany had seen her best days, adding: ; 'If the war was not the biggest crime, it was at least the most colossal stupidity on the part of the Germans. Their com- merce was flourishing, their trade increasing and their manufac- tured goods finding a market in all sections of the world. "But through their stupidity they have abandoned all these advantages. Their trade and commerce will never be revived. 166 PATRIOTIC ILLUSTRATIONS Their supremacy in manufactures has vanished forever. Good will is necessary to trade among nations. A sentiment has grown up against Germany and German brutality which will exist cen- turies after the war. 'Made in Germany/ a phrase which formerly meant much, will disappear from the face of the earth. The people of the United States are not alone practical. They are also sentimental, and their doors will be closed tightly to anything with the imprint of Germany upon it." ONE OF AMERICA'S VICTORIES. When America entered the big world war in 1917 there were less than 45,000 men employed in ship-yards in this country. One year later there were 300,000 skilled mechanics and laborers engaged in building ships, and 250,000 more employed in making the engines, boilers and other machinery necessary to equip them. This tremendous expansion was made possible by a system of instruction given to every man employed who was not already a skilled mechanic, with regular schools for training instructors, and skilled mechanics for teachers. This bringing of America's merchant marine up to such splendid proportions will no doubt long be regarded as one of the most brilliant victories of the war. GOOD AVERAGE BETTER THAN SPURTS. Soon after the ship-building industry took on new life under the spur of Government contracts for great numbers of ships, riveters throughout the country vied with each other as to which could do the biggest day's work; that is, drive the largest num- ber of rivets in a certain length of time. Many wonderful records were made. However, E. N. Hurley, head of the Federal Shipping Board, did not commend the contest idea. Speaking of the work, he said: "The record for a month is much more important than a record for a day. Contests which cause men to overwork them- selves for the sake of establishing new records, with the result FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS that they are incapacitated for several days afterward, and the general system of the yard demoralized, are to be discouraged. What we are trying to do is to encourage a spirit of sportsman- ship that will stimulate all the men to do their best at all times." What Mr. Hurley says of riveting is just as true of every other occupation. America's greatest need is the steady, every- day patriotism of every citizen, in peace or war. Patient per- sistence insures success. THINKS WAR ENDS LONDON SLUMS. Mrs. Inez H. Irwin, American novelist, after returning from the war-torn countries of Europe, where she spent nearly a year in studying conditions back of the battle-lines, was interviewed by a representative of the New York Sun, in which she said: "In London the slums are always just a dead, dull gray. No note of color or joy ever penetrates them. But with En- gland's entrance into the war, the women of the slums went forth to work, first in munition factories, then in scores of other ways. They are to-day earning enough to live cleanly and pros- perously, and to put money in the bank besides. The men of the slums have gone off to war, and they, too, are knowing, for the first time in their lives, what it means to be clean, to get three good meals a day, and to have regular money in their pocket. Neither the men nor women will ever return to pre-war condi- tions. ' ' WTiile war is deplorable, yet much good comes from the changes brought about. What was true of the slums of London was true in a general way of the poor of every large city. War brought millions of half-starved human beings into new and changed conditions, many of them for the first time being given the chance to work in clean and encouraging surroundings. These will never be content to return to the old life. As some one has said of the war, ' ' The world will never be the same agair " 168 PATRIOTIC ILLUSTRATIONS INFORMATION WHERE THE SOLDIER SERVES. When you meet one of Uncle Sam's soldiers on the street, you may be able to tell at a glance in which branch of the service he is enlisted by noting the color of his hat-cord. The various designations are: Blue cord, infantry. Red, artillery. Yellow, cavalry. Red and white, engineers. Lavender and gray, hospital corps. Buff, ammunition and supply trains. Gold, officer of rank of lieutenant-colonel, or higher. Gold and black, officer lower than lieutenant-colonel. Red, white and blue, member officers' reserve camp. THE CAUSE OF THE WAR. On June 28, 1914, Gabreel Principe, a youth of eighteen, assassinated the Austrian archduke, Francis Ferdinand, and his wife, at Sarajevo, Bosnia. The assassination resulted in ao Austrian ultimatum to Serbia, which was accused of instigating the plot. Before Serbia had time to consider, the mobilization of the European armies began. The tragedy, with its inter- national complications, was like the touching of a lighted match to & vast powder magazine. The world rocked with the shock of mighty marching armies as one declaration of war after another came from the great powers of Europe. Within a few weeks from the time that Principe fired the fatal shot that rang around the world, the greatest war in history was well under way. At first, in the awful terror of the times, people were blinded as to the real cause of it all, but gradually as events unfolded themselves it become clear that Germany had FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS 169 taken advantage of the circumstances to launch a war for which she had long been preparing a war for world conquest. Principe, the assassin, died April 29, 1918, of tuberculosis, at the fortress of Theresienstadt, near Prague, Bohemia. INITIATIVE SOME "FIRST" THINGS. The first man to organize an army is said to have been the Greek general Palamedes. He excited the vigilance of sentinels placed around the camp by giving them a watchword. The first great battle of the world was fought nearly four thousand years ago, in 1913 B. C., between Abram and the kings of Canaan. It was a battle of democracy against autocracy. Abram won. The first flag in the world was borne by the Jewish tribes some thirty-four hundred years ago about 1491 B. C. The first military balloon was used in 1794 by Guyton de Morveau, who twice ascended afe the battle of Fleurus and obtained military information of importance. Ladies' Home Journal. HOBSON AND HIS HEROIC BAND, During the Spanish-American "War of 1898, Lieut. Richard P. Hobson, then twenty-eight years of age, obtained permission from Admiral Sampson to make an effort to sink the "Merrimac" in the mouth of the Santiago harbor. His object was to bottle up Admiral Cervera's Spanish fleet. The American admiral made a call for six volunteers to accompany Hobson. The task was con- sidered one of almost certain death, and yet several hundred men immediately volunteered, some even begging for the chance. Six were chosen, and a seventh in some way managed to get aboard without being discovered until the "Merrimac" had started on its mission, which proved entirely successful. It seemed little 170 PATRIOTIC ILLUSTRATIONS short of miraculous that the entire crew of eight escaped unhurt. Edward G. Draper gave expression to the remarkable incident in the following lines: "We have read of the noble six hundred Who rode to the gate of hell; How cannon roared right and left of them. And many a noble man fell. "They were ordered, and each did his duty A soldier must always obey; But the volunteer eight Yankee seamen Have eclipsed the six hundred to-day. "There was death both below and above them, Torpedoes and bullets and shell ; They steamed from our fleet in the midst of it, And their comrades wished them farewell. "God guarded these kings of the ocean, He honored the brave and the true; The nation salutes to their honor; The enemy honored them too." ARRESTING A TORPEDO. When the Spanish fleet was bottled up in Santiago harbor, during our war with Spain in 1898, one of the most unusual incidents of naval warfare occurred. One night Captain Fre- mont, of the "Porter," an American ship, detected something coming on the swell of the tide. He soon saw that it was a torpedo floating, not rapidly, but surely, toward his ship. Ensign Irving Gillis, standing by him, also saw it. Instantly he took off his coat, slipped from his shoes, and clutched the rail firmly, preparing to jump. The captain suspected what he was up to and called out: "Don't do it, Gillis! She's got her war nose on!" At the same time he reached for the ensign, but the plucky boy evaded him and leaped into the sea. With a couple of strokes Gillis reached the side of the torpedo, circled the nose with his arm, and quickly turned the nose of the deadly weapon away from the ' ' Porter, ' ' screwed the firing-pin up tightly, so that it could FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS not operate, and then swam back to the side of his boat, pulling the torpedo with him. The boy and his prize were hauled aboard the ship he had saved from destruction. From Hon. James Earikin Young's "History of Our War with Spain." This is another characteristic incident of American bravery and initiative. When one of Uncle Sam's boys sees an oppor- tunity to render service, he does not wait for orders; he asks for permission, or acts on his own judgment, regardless of the danger to be encountered. JUSTICE RELATION OF CHURCH AND STATE. A writer in the Christian Herald quotes and comments upon a portion of verse 21 of the twenty-second chapter of Matthew: "Render therefore unto Caesar the things that are Caesar's; and unto God the things that are God's." Comment: "Our Lord did not endorse here the union of church and state. They are two separate realms which should act in harmony. When a law is contrary to the moral sense of justice, then we must obey God rather than man. "The true mission of the church is to the individual, and her great text is, 'What shall it profit a man if he shall gain the whole world and lose his own soul?' Here is a question above all state considerations. "Governments, however, are ordained of God, and we are to help uphold the laws of the land, but governments are account- able to the Almighty, and he will judge them. Our duty to the civil government is the same as our duty to our neighbor, helping to save nations as well as souls; helping to blot out national evils, redressing wrongs, purifying peoples, making the things of Csesar the things of God, that his will may be done on earth as in heaven, till the kingdoms of men become the kingdoms of the Christ." 172 PATRIOTIC ILLUSTRATIONS DEALING WITH TEAITOES. During the trying times of the world war, the Americans acted with surprising unanimity, considering the cosmopolitan character of our population and the varied interests to be con- sidered. While in a few places German citizens or sympathizers in this country were treated roughly, even to lynching, Americana protested against the latter almost to a man. The spirit of being human as well as just administering justice with as much mercy as circumstances would permit was the prevailing sentiment. Perhaps on the question of dealing with traitors there was more of a difference of opinion than on most other subjects. Some believe in the death penalty. Col. Theodore Roosevelt ex- pressed it thus: "Every traitor in the United States should be interred, not interned." Samuel J. Kirkwood, the war Governor of Iowa, said in 1861, standing on the steps of the Capitol building: "If any man in this State is a traitor to the cause or insults the flag, shoot him in the act, or in the uttering of the word. I am the Governor. Your pardon awaits you." NOT A EICH MAN'S WAR. Among the vigorous propaganda campaigns near the begin- ning of America's entrance into the war, was the effort to arouse the feeling that this was "a rich man's war." This was un- doubtedly the work of German propagandists. The lie was spread in every way possible, in spite of the fact that the rich man could not buy exemption from conscription in this war as he could in our Civil War; in spite of the fact that no one could hire a substitute to take his place as he could in the Civil War; in spite of the fa'ct that the only exemptions were allowed to poor men with dependents, or to workingmen employed in vital industries. America never before had such just laws in this regard. FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS \73 IT MAKES A DIFFERENCE. "When the big European war broke out, which afterwards developed into a world war, many of the best citizens of the United States were absolutely neutral in their hearts. There were a few who wanted America to get right into it, but their following was small. One of the most popular songs in America at that time was "I Did Not Raise My Boy to Be a Soldier" and Edwin Markham, the poet, wrote this stanza: "Oh, mothers, will you longer give your sons To feed the awful hunger of the guns? "What is the worth of all these battle-drums If from the field the loved one never comes t What all these loud hosannas to the brave If all your share is some forgotten grave!" But when the Germans began to sink ships with American citizens on board, sending women and children to watery graves; when the stories of the awful cruelties being inflicted upon the women and children of Belgium and France were proven abso- lutely true; when there was produced indisputable evidence that the Germans were intent on a war for world conquest, America included the sentiment changed with the quickness and fury of a stroke of lightning. Now, who in America would dare sing the above song within the hearing of even two or three loyal citizens and expect to escape the charge of disloyalty to our country and to humanity? All of this proves that American fathers and mothers do not raise their boys for any specific duty, but to meet every duty like men, even to donning the uniform and shooting down, if need be, the brutes in human form who would dare to take advantage of the peace-loving peoples of the world, thinking they will not fight. If the time should ever come when Americans will cease to fight for the right, it will then be time to change the title "America" to "Arnold." 174 PATRIOTIC ILLUSTRATIONS THE BIG GUN. Soon after the big German gun with a seventy-six-mile range begaa to shell Paris, in 1918, the following appeared in the New York World: "We've made us a gun, a giant gun, That never the world has known; Its thunder flame leaps up to the sun And touches the highest throne. Mere kings and crowns are blown from its path, To uttermost darkness hurled For this is the gun of the people's wrath; Its range is around the world I "We've made us a gun, a glowing gun, A gun of the steel of youth; Its bore is a pit the bad must shun, Its bed is the rock of truth. Jehovah's fingers have set its sight, To carry his righteous curse For this is the gun of a nation's might; Its arc is the universe I "We've made us a gun, a master gun. Whose rumble can shake the earth Till the wolves shall flee from the field they've won Their litter die in its birth. All cannon voices to silence fall, Whenever its words begin For this is the gun of a nation's call, And its shell speaks only 'Win I' " STRUGGLE BETWEEN KINGS AND PEOPLE. "This is a time when kings must stick together." Thus spoke Emperor Charles of Austria. Reduced to its lowest terms, the plea is simply that the jobs of kings are in danger, for, after all, these men are fighting for the salvation of their own personal privileges and profit. In the roster of the Allies there is but one absolute monarch the king of Siam, whose place is. to say the least^ obscure. Such kings as those of England and Italy are so hedged about by constitutional limitations that their Governments differ only superficially from true republics. FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS So it is in fact a war of democracy against autocracy, and -white we admit the truth of Charles' sententious maxim, we see clearly that it carries a corollary; namely, that it is time for the people also to stick together. Tn this contest between kings and the people, who can be for kings? San Francisco Examiner, June 26, 1918. The Philadelphia Ledger, in commenting upon the statement of the emperor of Austria, says: "Perhaps he was thinking of Franklin's prophecy, 'If we don't hang together, we shall hang separately.' " LETTERS TO THE SON HE NEVER SAW. Leaving a wife whom he adored, and a baby boy he had never seen, as the little fellow was born after he went to war, a j'oung French soldier who was fatally wounded, asked his nurse in the hospital to write for him two letters one to his wife and one to the little boy, to be handed to him by his mother when he should be old enough to read it and to understand its mean- ing. The one to his son was never finished, as he passed away while telling the nurse what to say. Here it is: "MY LITTLE SON: I will not see you. You will not know your father. I want you to remomber what I could not know when a boy. You must not grow up as a man to do what you please with your own life. You belong to your country. Through it you will belong to the whole world. Men. like your father died to make one country. Love your mother so much she will find in you the husband she has lost, as well as the son she offered her own life to have. I owe her all my happiness. For her I fought, for her I die. Through you I must live the life I would wish beside her. Do nothing you can not feel your father would wish to do through you. I leave you little in the world; that is well. I leave you the greatest thing I have known in it; that 176 PATRIOTIC ILLUSTRATIONS is better. I leave you your mother, and our beautiful France. Cherish them, honor them, my little son. It is hard that I shall not see you, but " The nurse, in speaking of the last moment of the dying man, said : ' ' The smile on his face was so beautiful I did not like to draw the sheet to cover it. I know that he was very close to his little son and his Jeanne." WAR TEEMS CONFUSED HER. "My dear," said the wife to her husband, "you mustn't let any one read that letter from Cousin George at the front. I'm surprised that he'd write such things." " What's the matter with his letter! It's mighty interest- ing." "Some parts of it are, but his confessions of his disgraceful conduct are dreadful. I wouldn't for the world have any one know of his doings." "I don't get you at all," said the husband, perplexed. "Didn't you read that part where he says he was out with a British tank last night, and they rolled all over the placet" Detroit Free Press. HELPFUL SYSTEM OF COMMUNICATION. The anxiety of parents and other relatives, as well as friends, to know whether or not our soldier boys sailing for Franco had safely reached their destination, was the cause at first of con- siderable expense to some of the American soldiers, who, upon reaching the other side, sent cablegrams to loved ones in America. Later, six or more would join together in sending a cablegram, the one receiving it to notify the relatives of the different ones composing the group. Finally a more satisfactory system, and one free from any excessive expense, was devised by our Government. Telegrams, post-cards or letters were prepared in advance and left in charge FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS of the authorities at the port of sailing. As soon as word was received by cable of the ship's safe arrival on the other side, the telegrams, cards and letters were released to the wires and mails. Not only was much time saved by this plan, but much. money as well. NEGLECT OF MOTHEE REBUKED. During the Civil War, President Lincoln received a letter from the mother of a young army surgeon, telling him she had not heard from her son for a long time, and believed he must be dead, and begged for help in tracing his grave. The President at once began an investigation, and discovered that the young man was alive and uninjured. He had him brought into his presence, and closely questioned him, learning that he had not written to his mother for many mpnths; also that, because his father was unable to assist him in getting an education, the mother had raised some money by selling her husband's watch, a silver teapot and other household articles which she no doubt treasured. When Lincoln learned the whole story he was bristling with indignation, bringing his fist down on the desk with great force as he said: "You poor worm! Her household treasures, sold one by one, for you!" Suddenly the President pointed to his desk, and with a look of utter contempt said: "Sit down and write a letter to your mother. Address it and give it to me, and I'll sep that she gets it. And now, as long as you are in the army, you write your mother once a week. If I have reason to correct you on the matter again, I'll have you court-martialed. ' ' The great Lincoln proved in this incident the importance he attached to a young man showing appreciation of a mother's love by writing to her when absent. 12 178 PATRIOTIC ILLUSTRATIONS LOVE FATHER TAKES DAUGHTER TO CAMP. "When A. W. Carpenter, of Brunswick County, Va., was sum- moned by draft to Camp Lee, that State, he took with him his little three-year-old daughter. He explained to the officers that the mother had deserted the child, and that he was her only support. Nurses at once volunteered to care for her at the nurses' home at the base hospital. HANDICAP INCREASES HER LOVE. Merwin Birdsell, a New York young man, went to Canada and enlisted in the Canadian Army, to fight in France. When he left America he was engaged to Miss Helen Western, of Rochester, and it was understood they would be married upon his return. He lost both arms and legs in the war, and came back to his home in May, 1918, thinking of course there would be no wedding for him, in his radically changed physical condi- tion. He promptly informed Miss Weston that he had released her from any obligation to him, but she insisted that it should make no difference in the arrangements. He told her again and again that his misfortune had released her from her promise. Her final answer was a most beautiful one, and swept away all further argument on his part. Said she: "The soldiers of Belgium love their devastated country aa dearly as they did the smooth fields and comfortable farms, don't they? It is their country and they love it. You are as much to me to-day as you were when I met you three years ago yes, much- more. ' ' Birdsell, fitted with the wonderful artificial limbs that are a partial development of the war, was given a Government posi- tion at Washington, to which city he took his newly wedded bride to live. FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS [79 ONE WIFE, ONE COUNTRY. Theodore Roosevelt says: "Any man who says he loves the country from which he came as well as this country, is no better than a man who loves another woman as well as he loves his wife. ' ' HOW THE JAPANESE SACRIFICE. A well-known Japanese statesman once said: "We do not worship our emperor, we only love him utterly. The commander before Port Arthur called one day for volunteers to cut the barbed-wire entanglements. ' You will never come back, ' he said ; 'nor can you carry a gun. You will take a pair of pliers and cut one or two wires and fall dead; another will take your place and cut one ar two more. But you will know that upon your dead bodies flie armies of our emperor will march to victory.' Whole regiments volunteered for these 'sure death' parties. If your Christians loved your God as we love our emperor, they would long since have taken the world for him." Christian Herald. LOYALTY THREE YEARS WITHOUT FURLOUGH. Private George Davis, a British soldier, has been awarded the "Distinguished Conduct" medal for his wonderful record in not being away from his battalion for a single day during the first three years of war. LOVEB COUNTRY MORE THAN FATHER. A resident of Los Angeles with a German name, who was eighty-one years of age, was interned there as a result of informa- tion given the Government officials by his own daughters. They stated that their father had repeatedly maligned President Wil- 180 PATRIOTIC ILLUSTRATIONS son and the United States; also that he had torn down an American flag they had hung in the home and replaced it with & German flag. The daughters became so indignant over his conduct that, notwithstanding his old age, they decided to inform against him. PAT'S PATRIOTISM. An Irishman, on returning home to his native land, gave vent to his joyful feeling by shouting frequently, "Hurrah for Ire- land! Hurrah for Ireland!" much to the amusement of the passengers in. general, but very much to the disgust of a German on board, who finally retaliated by calling out: "Hurrah for Ireland! Hurrah for hell! " "That's right," answered Pat, "every man for his own country 1" HIS HEART BOTH RIGHT AND WRONG. Notwithstanding his heart was on the right side in his desire to be o*f service to- Uncle Sam, and that he was apparently phys- ically in fine coriditioh, O. Callaway, of Sacramento, Cal., ^was turned down \fy the examining physicians at Camp Lewis, Wash., because it was ascertained his heart was on the wrong side of his body. Under the regulations the army officers could not accept him. It is far* better to be rejected because one's heart of flesh is on the wrong side than to be a slacker in perfect physical condition, TO CLEAR DISHONORED NAME. ' ' My name doesn 't matter, but my mother 's name was Burr, ' ' said a striking-looking private in a Southern camp, whose fea- tures resembled Aaron Burf, after a lecture on "Why We Are in the War." He was asked his name by the speaker. That was his reply, and ho added: "I am in the war because it is my FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS chance to redeem the honor of the name of Burr." Association Men. A BOY'S PATEIOTIC BEQUEST. Carlos Renard, the fifteen-year-old son of a California rancher near Tulare, knocked a panel from a burning fuse-box in a pumping-plant on his father's ranch, and saved the property from destruction. His father asked him what he wanted as a reward, and quick as a flash he replied: "I would like your permission to join the navy." The request was granted. THE AMERICAN'S CREED. The city of Baltimore offered a prize of $1,000 in a "National Citizens' Creed Contest." The following creed, which waa awarded the prize, received the approval of President Wilson, Speaker Clark and many other famous Americans: "I believe in the United States of America as a Government of the people, by the people, for the people ; whose just powers are derived from the consent of the governed; a democracy in a republic ; a sovereign nation of many sovereign States ; a per- fect union, one and inseparable; established upon those principles of freedom, equality, justice and humanity for which American patriots sacrificed their lives and fortunes. "I therefore believe it is my duty to my country to love it, to support its Constitution, to obey its laws, to respect its flag, and to defend it against all enemies." CONVICTS BUY LIBERTY BONDS. The inmates of Folsom State Prison, California, contributed $600 to the Red Cross and invested $800 in third Liberty Loan bonds, in 1918. Many men behind prison bars are as loyal as can be found anywhere. In their human weakness they have stumbled, that's all. 182 PATRIOTIC ILLUSTRATIONS "NO BENT; TAKE IT." Notwithstanding Henry Ford, the well-known automobile man- ufacturer, had done everything ia his power to help keep America out of the war, and all he could to end the war, even to financ- ing a costly expedition to Europe for the purpose of bringing about peace, he worked just as hard .for the success of the United States after our country entered the war, offering him- self and everything at his disposal for the prosecution of the conflict to a satisfactory victory for right and justice. So when the Government sought a location for a terminal supply-station, and his great automobile assembling-plant in Boston was reported as most suitable, a telegram was sent to Mr. Ford asking if the building could be obtained, and, if so, what the rental would be. As quick as lightning could carry the message, came the reply: "No rent; take it." His answer was characteristic of the man, and largely char- acteristic also of the times and of our splendid American people OLD MAN BEADY TO ENLIST. Popular Mechanics, May, 1918, tells of a man in North Caro- lina, seventy-three years of age, who walked six miles from his mountain home to a recruiting-station to enlist to help whip the Kaiser. He stood as erect as a flagpole, and, while thin, his muscles were like iron and his eyes sparkled with the spirit of youth. The recruiting officer did not wish to offend him, so started in by telling the patriotic old man that the drilling and long marches would be very tiresome. 'Don't see no difference," the man replied, "between marching all day or following a plow. Why, young man, if the mules could stand it, I'd plow all day and all night on a full moon. Just try me. I'll show you how to lick the Germans." As no other argument made any impression, the officer told him he could render better service by raising corn and other FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS 183 things to feed the mothers and sisters of the young soldiers. Very reluctantly the odd man yielded and started back, climbing the mountains on his six-mile tramp home. LET HIS GERMAN BLOOD OUT. William Strasburger, an applicant for enlistment in the United States Marine Corps at Newark, N. J., removed his shoe and displayed to the astonished gaze of Sergt. Thomas Green a bandaged toe, saying: "I thought I had a few drops of German blood in my veins, so I pricked my great toe and let them flow out." "How do you know that the blood you let out was German and not some other kind?" asked the sergeant. "I pricked at a point furthest from my heart," replied Strasburger, who is American-born and pugnaciously anti- Teutonic. But he couldn't be a United States Marine. He lacked the weight and height necessary. New York World. LOYAL AMERICANS OF GERMAN BLOOD. The elimination of everything German in America, including German names of things and institutions, and the apparently spontaneous decision in this country to never again depend upon Germany for many things which we formerly bought from that country, have brought forth loud wailing in the German press at these indications that "kultur" has received a death-blow in America. Many Americans of German blood, who sympathized with Germany at the outbreak of the war, changed their attitude to that of absolute loyalty to the United States Government. Among these was Henry Riesenberg, a prosperous business man of Indianapolis. When he became convinced of the great wrong Germany was inflicting upon the world, he traveled all over the country, urging men of German blood to forget their German 184 PATRIOTIC ILLUSTRATIONS sympathies, the German language and everything else German, and become 100 per cent. Americans. In his burning talks he said: ' ' The Germany of to-day of blood and iron, of deceit and duplicity, the land whose brutalities drove us into this war is not the Germany of Goethe and Heine, the Germany that we all loved. It was a soul-crushing moment to me, and to all of us, when Germany was accused of her monstrous crimes. We would not believe it at first, until the situation became clarified. Frojn now on we must be 100 per cent. Americans. We will then feel that the melting-pot has done its work." LABOR'S PATRIOTIC STAND. At the annual convention of the American Federation of Labor, held at St. Paul in June, 1918, the Executive Council made a report to the general body which contained this mag- nificent paragraph : "Workers in war production are practically a part of the fighting force. No action should be taken in the shop or in the field not in harmony with the purposes of the war. No strike should be inaugurated which can not be justified to the man risking his life on the firing-line in France." The exhortation is just as applicable to men and women in every station in life. For any one to be guilty of any act or conduct that would in any way hinder the work of our brave boys for our country is to be guilty of treason. A FAITHFUL COLOR-BEARER. In the State House in Boston, where hang the treasures which Massachusetts soldiers brought back from many a bloody battle- field of the Civil War, there is one pole from which the banner has been entirely torn away. That naked pole is not without its history. It was carried at Fort Wagner, at the head of the colored soldiers of Massachusetts. The color-bearer was wounded ; FOR PUBLIC SPEAKER [85 his flag was torn by shot and shell. But he called out through the agony of the dying men, clasping the naked staff to his bosom, crying over and over again : "It did not touch the ground! It did not touch the ground! " Louis Albert Banks. THE SWEETHEAETS AT HOME. It is no joking matter with the young man who has enlisted and gone to war that there is a sweetheart back home, and that he longs, oh so much, that she will remain true to him. More than oue soldier has given expression to this longing, some in letters, some in conversations and some in songs. Fellows of this class find their feelings expressed in the following verse of a very popular song in some of the armies: "We don't want a lot of flags flying, We don't want yonr big brass bands; We don't want a lot of speechifying, And we don't want a lot of waving hands; We don't want a lot of interfering, When we've safely crossed the foam ; But we do want to find the girls we left behind, When we all come marching home." FRANKLIN'S FAMOUS TOAST. It once happened that Benjamin Franklin dined with men of two other nationalities. It was proposed that each one offer a toast. The Englishman spoke first and said: "Here's to Great Britain, the sun that gives light to all the nations of the earth." Said the Frenchman: "Here's to France, the moon whose magic rays move the tides of the world." Franklin, who spoke last, said with quaint modesty: "Here's to George Washington, the Joshua of America, who commanded the sun and the moon to stand still and they obeyed." AMERICAN GERMANS PROVE LOYALTY. The members of the Joplin Turnverein Club who voted to disband for all time, and to give their $25,000 property to the 186 PATRIOTIC ILLUSTRATIONS Red Cross, deserve the honor of starting a country-wide move that would result in welcome proof of the loyalty of the great majority of the German-born or German-blooded people of our land. The following is an extract from the statement issued just before disbanding: "It is a unique situation, but it is a surprisingly clear and plain situation. We left one country. Why? Because we were not satisfied with our conditions. We entered another country with the full knowledge (unless we were lunatics) that we had to abide by the rules and conditions imposed by this new country. The new country was very lenient with us. We hardly knew that we were being governed. To us this war comes like a bolt out of a clear sky. The object of the Verein is to advance German customs, habits and language. This is, under the condi- tions which have arisen, intolerable snd impossible. Our country- men can not and will not and should not be expected to coun- tenance the existence of our Verein." Joplin (Mo.) Globe. CODE OF MOBALS FOE CHILDREN. The National Institution for Moral Instruction offered $5,000 as a prize for the best code of morals for use in the character- training of children by parents and teachers, and the prize was awarded to William J. Hutchins, of Oberlin, O. This code con- tains a number of short paragraphs on the following subjects: Health, self-control, self-reliance, reliability, fair play, duty, honesty, co-operation, kindness and loyalty. The law of loyalty is prefaced by this statement: "If our America is to become ever greater And better, her citizens must be loyal, devotedly faithful, in every relation of life." This is treated under four heads loyalty to one's family, loyalty to one's school, loyalty to ono's town, State and country, loyalty to humanity closing with this statement: "If I try simply to be loyal to my family, I may be disloyal to my school. If I try simply to be loyal to my school, I may FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS [87 be disloyal to my town, my State, my country. If I try simply to be loyal to my town, State and country, I may be disloyal to humanity. I will try above all things to be loyal to humanity; then I will surely be loyal to my country, my State and my town, to my school, and to my family. ' ' It will be observed that the highest degree of loyalty is that of humanity. It is this kind of lovalty that brought America into the great world war. THE POSTPONED WEDDING. I've thrown up my job at the office, Girl, And I'm going to volunteer. The nation's in need of her loyal sons, And our wedding must waK, my dear. I hear that they're going to use the draft, That's nothing at all to mel For none of my people were loath to serve They were loyal, proud and free. They won't draft a family man, you say? I'm sorry, but this may hurt. Just what would you think of a husband, dear, Who cowered behind your skirt? And what would we say in the years to come For there will be kiddies, you know When the children ask with a wistful look, Why their daddy didn't go? I've thrown up my job at the office, Girl, And I'm going to volunteer! A brave little woman you're going to be, And wait and pray for me here. When, after the war, by the good God's grace, I safely come back to you, We'll hold up our heads with the best of them, And say that we saw it through! E. 0. Colby. THE SIGHT OF OUE FLAG. A Massachusetts soldier in France, standing on a hill and watching a regiment of Uncle Sam's men marching by, with the ' ' Stars and Stripes ' ' floating over them, had the ' ' regular American feeling," and, in telling some friends about it, put it in these words: "Believe me, boys, it's the best flag in this 188 .PATRIOTIC ILLUSTRATIONS world! I don't know why, but my throat was throbbing and I felt like bawling!" TRUE TO HIS COLORS AND OATH. In one of tho Bulgarian regiments marshaled for war against the Turks was a drummer-boy named Sergius, aged fourteen. One day, when an attack was being made on a fortified Turkish stronghold, the regiment to which this boy belonged was ordered to make a charge under a terrific fire. When it was over, the regiment held the stronghold, but its colors were missing and so was Sergius. The survivors were disconsolate. Although a victory had been won, it was dishonor to lose the colors. The next morning the colonel and a number of other officers started out to inspect the battlefield. After riding a long distance they suddenly halted, for a cry was heard. From far out in the center of the field they heard these words: ' ' My colonel, oh, my colonel I ' ' They hastened to the spot, and there, severely wounded, was Sergius. Under his bruised and bleeding body were the colors intact, soiled, but kept as the boy had given his oath they should be kept. He said the color-bearer" was killed, and so he grabbed the colors and was endeavoring to get away, when a shot brought him down. The boy went on with his story: "I saw our men picking up the wounded afterwards, but they could not see me and did not hear me call so I waited. I knew help would come in time. I salute you, my colonel. I tried to do my best." But the salute was stopped, for the gray-haired colonel, veteran of many campaigns, with tears rolling down his cheeks, suddenly rose, with his officers, and oaluted the drummer-boy who had offered himself for the colors and his oath. His life was saved, but he was too weak to walk when orders came for the regiment to move on. Before leaving, the entire regiment marched up to the hospital tent where he lay. He once FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS 169 more saw the colors floating in their prqper place, while his countrymen of the mountains and plains presented arms in his honor! London News. "NO LIBERTY BONDS, NO PAINT." In Stockton, Cal., a city of about forty thousand population, the Painters' Union adopted a resolution refusing to work with any individual or upon the property of any person who had not bought or would not buy a Liberty bond. Every member of the union was the owner of a bond at the time the action was taken. BOER BOY'S WONDERFUL COURAGE. A story of the Boer War is told by Major Seeley, M. P. It is of a little Boer boy who refused to betray his friends, even at the threat of death, as an illustration of deep-rooted love of freedom and country. The major was asked to secure some volunteers and try to capture a commandant twenty indies away. Upon reaching there he found that the Boer general had gone. He rode to the farm- house and found a good-looking Boer boy and some yeomen. Speaking to the boy, he asked if the commandant had been there. Taken by surprise, he promptly answered, "Yes." "Where has he gone?" was the next question. "I will not say," just as promptly replied the boy. The major threatened the little fellow with death if he would not give the desired information, but he persistently refused, so was stood against a stone wall, the major saying he was to be shot, at the same time whispering to his men not to shoot him. Again speaking to the boy, the officer said: "Now, before I give the word, which way has the general gone ? ' ' The major, in telling of it later, said: ' ' I remember the look in the boy 's face a look such as I have never seen but once. He was transfigured before me. 190 PATRIOTIC ILLUSTRATIONS Something greater almost than anything human shone from his eyes. He threw back his head and again answered: '/ will not say .' ' ' ' There was nothing for it, ' ' said the major, ' ' but to shake hands with the boy and go away." MEMORIAL TO THE FIRST FALLEN. They need no stone to tell their fame, These lads who fell beneath "Old Glory" In that fair land across the sea A land whose tale is one brave story. Their fame is sure, though none may know Their names those lads of valor knightly; Upon God's flag of liberty Their stars shall shine forever brightly. Free men were they to freedom born ; Life came to them in plenteous measure; And yet, that others might be free, They gave all, counting death & pleasure. Their fame within our hearts shall live, The years can never dim their glory; They shamed us for our coward hearts, They pointed us the way to glory. Thog. Cwrtit Olark, in Front Rank. BRINGING THE DEAD HOME. When our American boys began to fall before German bullets in France, the question was often asked, "Will their bodies be sent home for permanent burial?" To parents and other near relatives this was a very important matter, and even among friends of men who have given up their lives in the sacred cause of human liberty on foreign soil there was a warm sentiment in favor of their burial in the beloved homeland. Discussion of the subject seemed to indicate that while it was evident this could not be done during the continuance of the war, FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS it would be accomplished when peace had been declared. This proved correct, for near the close of the conflict the U. S. Gov- ernment decided on such a course, where relatives desired the bodies brought home. The American Purple Cross Society, which had been organized to bring about such a result, had been working along that line for a year or more before the war ended, obtaining much informa- tion that was helpful to those who had lost loved ones on the battlefields abroad. THE FIRST OF OUR DEAD IN FRANCE. On the monument erected by the French Government to the uemory of the first three American soldiers killed in the war in France, is the following inscription: (< As sons of their great and noble nation, they fought for right, for liberty and civilization against German imperialism, the scourge of humanity. They died on the field of honor." The names of the three thus honored are: Corp. James B. Gresham, Priv. Thomas F. Enright and Merle D. Hay. It was in November, 1917, that they fell in battle. On the day of their burial a guard of French infantrymen and a detach- ment of American soldiers surrounded the graves. The French officer commanding the division in the section in which they gave up their lives paid a glowing tribute to their courage and sacrifice, in which he said: "They crossed the ocean at great peril; they took their places on the front by our side, and they have fallen facing the foe in a hard and desperate hand-to-hand fight. Honor to them! Men, these graves are as a mark of the mighty hand we and our allies firmly cling to in the common task. Thus the deaths of these humble soldiers appear to us with extraordinary grandeur. We will therefore ask that the mortal remains of these young men be left here, left with us forever. Travelers and men of heart will go out of their way to come here to pay their respective tributes. ' ' 192 PATFUOTIC ILLUSTRATIONS MORALE FROM THE FRENCH GENERAL. General Foch, in command of the Allied armies on the western front in France, upon learning of the gallant stand of some American soldiers soon after our troops were ready for action there, said : ' ' I declare it my conviction that the American troops are the equal of any soldiers in the world to-day." "IN AN AGE ON AGES TELLING.'* Whatever may be the surprises of the future, the achieve- ments of the days in which we are living must ever be regarded as mighty attainments. President Wilson has expressed the opinion that within one year after America entered the great war the American people had been knitted together more closely than would have been possible in one hundred years of peace. If this is true of the spirit of loyal friendship, it seems it is equally true of the great advance in discoveries and inventions, and in the commercial and political accomplishments of our beloved country. When the Panama Canal was completed it was rightly regarded as a wonderful achievement, but under present quickened conditions the task would have been begun as a matter of course as one of many things of equal mag- nitude. This has all been possible largely because of the high, fine morale of the American people. They believe in their country, their Government and in themselves. Without this spirit of cheerful confidence many men would go down under present strenuous conditions. To be exact, some have broken under the strain perhaps given more responsibility than any one person should shoulder. It is truly "an age on ages telling." To be living at this period in the world's history brings with it wonderful possi- FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS 193 bilities and wonderful responsibilities. With humility of heart and faith in God and fellow-men, every American citizen should face the future with resolute courage to help make the world a good place in which coming generations may live in happiness and peace. SLOGANS THAT ENCOURAGE. People outside the armies, as well as the soldiers, will do better work when in ''good spirits," than otherwise. For this reason slogans are adopted to encourage and inspire folks to do their best. During the campaigns in the United States for food production and food conservation the following, with many others, were used with good effect: "Can vegetables and fruit, and can the Kaiser too." "Hohenrakes versus Hohenzollerns, " "Get into the garden trenches," "The hoe is the machine gun of the garden," "Speed up and spade up," and "Tune up the spading-f ork, " were among those for garden workers. "Turn your trash into cash," was used for disposing of use- less trinkets, etc. "Keep the home soil turning," was a clever paraphrase of the title of a famous song, while "Food must follow the flag," and "Shouting the battle-cry of feed 'em," proved effective in saving food here in America for the soldiers following the flag in France. "Every miser helps the Kaiser" was used in selling Liberty bonds and in Eed Cross drives. EED CROSS ENCOURAGES ITALIANS. M. Romeo Gallenga Stuart, Under-Secretary of State for Italy, addressed the American Luncheon Club in London, telling of the conditions in his country shortly after the battle of Capretto, when it looked as though Venice was in danger of the Austrian Army. Said he: 13 194 PATRIOTIC ILLUSTRATIONS "Wo were all anxious and depressed. We were in Venice in the Piazza of St. Mark, and as we were endeavoring to save all we could, we were taking down the bronze horses of the church, the horses that Buskin and every lover of beauty so much admired. Those were terrible moments. In the pale light of the setting sun the dark bronze horses were quietly moving away on the big black Venetian boats. Our hearts went with them. We did not dare to speak; even the pigeons on the piazza did not dare to fly. "Suddenly I turned and saw a small group of well-built, strong young men in khaki. They were Americans, of the Bed Cross! Our hearts seemed to recover from the sadness as by a miracle. In them we saw the young world with all its energies, all its gallant youth, all its power, coming over to save in the Old World all that is good and beautiful. We felt sure then that America would be with us entirely until the day of victory." WHY SOME SOLDIEBS RUN AWAY. A soldier in battle, says the Literary Digest, rarely runs away because of individual, personal cowardice. When a body of troops gives itself up to a wild flight, the act is not that of single persons, but of a crowd as a group. This cowardice has features entirely different from that of an individual soldier. It is a phenomenon of "crowd psychology." LeBon, the French psychologist, taught that a crowd has a mind of its own, in some respects more primitive and uncivilized than the individual mind, and is more subject to unreasoning panic. (Incidentally, it may be remarked that this may account for some of the surprising lynchings that take place, and also for some of the cruelties committed by bodies of soldiers under certain heartless leaders.) Modern warfare takes into account more than ever before the "morale" of the army; the maintaining of a spirit of sanity; of normality; of self-control under the most trying cir- FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS 195 cumstances. This is made a scientific study, in order that the soldiers may, in acting together, act intelligently and according to a predetermined plan, and not as a wild, unreasoning mob, liable to stampede and run away. In a body of men where the morale is high there is little danger of stampede. THE SILVER LINING. That it is possible to be cheerful right in the heart of the war zone has been demonstrated many times. It is fortunate that some soldiers are able to always see the silver lining of the darkest cloud, for this helps to keep up the morale of many others. It is said that two English soldiers went into a restau- rant over on the eastern front and said to the waiter: "We want Turkey with Greece." The waiter looked surprised at first, and then, realizing they were springing a pun on him, came back by replying, "Sorry, sir, but we can't Servia." "Well, then, get the Bosphorus." It took the waiter some time to see through this one, but finally he smiled, and was about to call the boss, when that gentleman, who had heard the conversation from behind a cur- tain, stepped up and said: "I don't want to Russia, but you can't Rumania." So the two Tommies went away Hungary. GERMANS FORCED TO FIGHT. A German-born American woman, of Grand Rapids, Mich., who was in Germany when the war broke out, and could not get away for over three years after, upon reaching America told of being sick in a hospital in Godesberg, where there were many German soldiers confined. The patients there did not know she was an American, as she spoke German fluently, and some of them made surprising statements to her. Said a German major: 196 PATRIOTIC ILLUSTRATIONS "You see, I wear the coat of the Kaiser. I only wish you could know the feeling that lies beneath it. We are not going to stand this forever." One soldier said: "Some day we are all going to put down our arms. Why should we fight? Our officers now, instead of leading us, go behind us with guns at