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 UBRARY OF CONCIttESS 
 
 THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 
 AND ITS WORK 
 
 REPORT PREPARED FOR 
 
 THE COM&nSSION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 
 
 TO THE BRAZIL CENTENNIAL EXPOSITION 
 
 rm^ 
 
 For Di8tr3)ittioii at the Brazil Centennial Exposition 
 1922-1923 
 
 WASHINGTON 
 G0VBKN1«ENT PRINITNG Of nCB 
 
LIBRARY OF CONGllESS 
 
 THE 
 
 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS AND ITS WORK 
 
 Supplementing Exhibit 
 
 of the 
 
 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 
 
 at the 
 
 BRAZIL CENTENNIAL EXPOSITION 
 
 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 
 
 1922-1923 
 
 By 
 
 CHARLFS UPRmS HASTINGS 
 
 Chief of Card Division 
 Library of Congress 
 
_ -^7-- 
 
 ;■/'' LIBRARY vSTAFF 
 
 •*•■•'•*'•'•■ • bENERAL* 'administration 
 
 Herbert Putnam — Librarian of Congress. 
 
 Appleton Prentiss Clark Griffin — Chief Assistant Librarian. 
 
 Allen Richards Boyd— Chief Clerk. 
 
 Jessica Louise Farnum — Secretary. 
 
 DIVISIONS 
 
 Reading Roovi- — Frederick William Ashley, Superintendent; Hugh Alex- 
 ander Morrison, Representatives Reading Room, John Graham Mor- 
 rison, Henry Eastman Lower, chief assistants. 
 
 Division oj Bibliography — Herman Henr}- Bernard ^leyer, Chief. 
 
 Card Division — Charles Harris Hastings, Chief. 
 
 Catalogue Division — Charles Martel, Chief. 
 
 Classification Division — Clarence W. Perley, Chief. 
 
 Division oj Documents — Henry John Harris, Chief. 
 
 Legislative Reference — Herman Henry Bernard Meyer, in charge. 
 
 Division of Manuscripts — Charles Moore, Acting Chief. 
 
 Division of Maps and Charts — Philip Lee Phillips, Chief. 
 
 Division of Music — Carl Engel, Chief. 
 
 Order Division — William Adams Slade, Chief. 
 
 Division of Periodicals — ^Yale Oldknow Millington, Acting Chief. 
 
 Division of Prints — Richard Austin Rice, Acting Chief. 
 
 Semitic Division — Israel Schapiro, in charge. 
 
 Smithsonian Deposit — Paul Brockett, Custodian (oflfice at Smithsonian 
 Institution) ; Francis Henry Parsons, assistant in charge. 
 
 Law Library — Roger Boutell, Law Librarian. 
 
 copyright office 
 
 Thorvald Solberg — Register of Copyrights. 
 
 William Lincoln Brown — Assistant Register of Copyrights. 
 
 library branch, government printing office 
 
 Printing — Sheridan C. Koons, foreman. 
 Binding — Charles F. Weston, foreman. 
 
 LIBRARY BUILDING AND GROUNDS 
 
 Mrs. Harriet de K. Woods — Administrative assistant and Disbursing 
 
 officer. 
 Wade H. Rabbitt, Chief Clerk. 
 Charles E. Ray— Chief Engineer. 
 Damon Warren Harding — Electrician. 
 John S. Deitrick — Captain of the Watch. 
 
 ^Idi- 
 
J 
 
 THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 
 
 The Building 
 
 The building of the Library of Congress, the largest and most costly 
 library building in the world, is located on Capitol Hill, a quarter of a mile 
 east of the Capitol. 
 
 It was begun 1889 and completed 1897 at a cost of $6,347,000, exclusive 
 of the site, which cost $585,000. The original plans were made by Messrs. 
 Smithmeyer & Pelz, but the building was actually constructed and many 
 architectural details worked out under Brig. Gen. Thomas L. Casey, Chief 
 of Engineers, U. S. Army, and his chief assistant, Bernard R. Green. After 
 the death of General Casey, in 1895, the building was completed under 
 Mr. Green. 
 
 The building occupies ^}4 acres. It contains 7,500,000 cubic feet of 
 space and over 8 acres of floor space. 
 
 Its internal arrangements are planned to secure the greatest protection 
 of its contents from loss or injury, which is consistent with the public use 
 of its collections. The shelving for books is metal throughout, combining 
 '^leanliness with convenience. For the preservation of maps, manuscripts, 
 and prints specially constructed cases are provided. Steel safes of special 
 design and make are used for the more valuable manuscripts. All parts of 
 the building are patrolled day and night. 
 
 The original shelving provided for about 2,000,000 volumes. Within 
 its present walls the building contains space for over 3,000,000 volumes 
 without curtailing the space requisite for readers or exhibits. With 
 stacks in the courtyards, its capacity can be increased to over 7,000,000 
 volumes; one of these courtyards has been already utilized. 
 
 It has space at present for a' thousand readers at a time. 
 
 During the year 1920-21 it was visited by 942,972 persons — an average 
 of 2,605 daily. 
 
 DECORATIONS 
 
 The magnificent series of mural and sculptural decorations in the 
 Library of Congress has done much toward placing it among the fore- 
 most of American public buildings. 
 
 For the first time in the construction of its public monuments, the 
 Government called upon a representative number of American painters 
 and sculptors for the decoration of the National Library. Commissions 
 were given to about fifty prominent American artists, and their work 
 
 11191-22 3 
 
 ri005«3 
 
4 TUE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS AND ITS WORK. 
 
 as shown throughout the building not only enriches its architecture but 
 
 affords an interesting study of American art. 
 
 Mr. Elmer E- Garnsey had charge of the conventional color decoration 
 
 of the interior. His reputation had already been established in similar 
 
 work at the World's Fair (Chicago), in the Boston Public Library, and 
 
 in the Carnegie Library at Pittsburg. Mr. Albert Weinert was in charge 
 
 of the stucco ornamentation. Both artists were under the general super- 
 vision of the architect having particular charge of the details — Mr. 
 
 Edward Pearce Casey. 
 
 "In art no one phase, or any one school, predominates. Impres- 
 sionism, classicism, individualism, all are given an equal opportunity; 
 
 and the period of American painting is spread upon the walls in a way 
 
 that is thoroughly representative," as evidenced by the contribution of 
 
 the following painters : 
 
 John W. Alexander : The Evolution of the book. 
 
 George R. Barse, jr.: Lyrica, Tragedy, Comedy, Historj^, Erotica, Tra- 
 dition, Fancy, Romance. 
 
 Frank W. Benson: The Graces, and the Seasons. 
 
 Edward Blashfield: Human Understanding, and Evolution of Civiliza- 
 tion. 
 
 Kenyon Cox: The Arts, and the Sciences. 
 
 Robert Leftwich Dodge: The Elements. 
 
 William de Leftwich Dodge: Ambition, Literature, Music, Science, Art. 
 
 Elmer E. Garnsey : Ceilings of the northeast and southeast pavilions. 
 
 Carl Gutherz : The Spectrum of Light. 
 
 Edward J. Holslag: Decoration in the Librarian's office. 
 
 Walter McEwen : The Greek Heroes. 
 
 Frederick C. Martin: Ceiling of the staircase hall. 
 
 George W. Maynard: The Virtues, and Adventure, Discovery, Conquest, 
 Civilization. 
 
 Gari Melchers: Peace, War. 
 
 Charles Sprague Pearce: The Family, Study, Religion, Labor, Recrea- 
 tion, Rest. 
 
 Robert Reid: The Senses, and Wisdom, Understanding, Knowledge, 
 Philosophy. 
 
 Walter Shirlaw : The Sciences. 
 
 Edward Simmons: The Muses. 
 
 Wm. B. Van Ingen: Audubon, Prescott, and Compositions representing 
 the departments of the Government. Sculpture, Architecture, and 
 Painting (medallions). 
 
 Elihu Vedder: Government, Good Administration, Peace and Prosperity, 
 Corrupt legislation, and Anarchy. 
 
 Henry Oliver Walker : Lyric Poetry. 
 
 The gallery of the rotunda contains heroic statutes in bronze, the 
 
 work of Drominent American sculptors. The stucco ornamentation 
 
THE UBRARY OF CONGRESS AND ITS WORK. 5 
 
 throughout the building, including figures in plaster, contributes much 
 to the beauty of the decoration. 
 
 The selection of the sculptors to be commissioned and of the work to 
 be assigned to each was a matter of careful consideration. To aid in 
 this work the architect secured the advice of the president of the National 
 Sculpture Society, Mr. J. Q. A. Ward, who associated with him two others 
 of the most prominent members of the society. 
 
 Following is a list of the sculptors and their contributions : 
 Herbert Adams: Demosthenes, Scott, and Dante (portico busts) 
 
 Minerva of War, Minerva of Peace (stucco decoration) ; statue of 
 
 Henry, and sculptured panel of mantelpiece in the Senators' reading 
 
 room; finished "Writing" of bronze door begun by Warner. 
 Paul W. Bartlett: Law, and statues of Columbus and Michael Angelo, 
 Theodore Baur : Religion, and statue of Beethoven. 
 George Bissell : Statue of Kent. 
 Wm. Boyd and Henry J. ElHcott: Thirty-three ethnological heads 
 
 ornamenting the keystones of the first-story pavilion windows. 
 John J. Boyle: Statues of Plato and Bacon. 
 C. E. Dallin : Statue of Newton. 
 John Donoghue: Science, and statue of St. Paul. 
 
 Mr. Dozzi : Art (after sketches by Augustus St. Gaudens) . 
 John Flanagan : Commerce, and group ornamenting the great clock over 
 
 entrance to rotunda. 
 Daniel C. French : History, and statue of Herodotus. 
 J. Scott Hartley: Emerson, Irving, Hawthorne (portico busts). 
 Frederick Macmonnies: The Art of printing (central bronze door), and 
 
 statue of Shakespeare. 
 Philip Martiny: Bronze figures and ornamentation of staircase, and 
 
 sides of commemorative arch. 
 Charles H. Niehaus : Statues of Moses and Gibbon. 
 
 Roland Hinton Terry: The fountain (in front of building), and bas- 
 reliefs representing Ancient Prophetic Inspiration. 
 Edward C. Potter: Statue of Fulton. 
 
 Bela L. Pratt: The Seasons, and Literature, Science, Art, Philosophy. 
 F. Wellington Ruckstuhl: Goethe, Franklin, Macaulay (portico busts), 
 
 and statue of Solon. 
 Louis St. Gaudens : Statue of Homer. 
 J. Q. A. Ward: Poetry. 
 Olin L. Warner: Tradition, Writing (bronze doors) and the Students 
 
 (commemorative arch) . 
 Albert Weinert: Stucco ornamentation in Librarian's office, and dome 
 
 of rotunda. 
 
 The mosaic work is represented by the following artists : 
 Frederick Dielman: Law, History, and Mythology. Industry, Peace, 
 
 Truth, Fraud, Discord, and Violence. 
 
6 THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS AND ITS WORK. 
 
 Herman T. Schladermundt : Arts and Sciences, and the decoration of 
 
 vaults of north, south, and east corridors (entrance hall). 
 Elihu Vedder : Minerva of Peace. 
 
 The Library 
 chronology 
 
 1800. Established as a library for Congress in the Capitol building, 
 
 1 8 14. Destroyed in the burning of the Capitol by the British. 
 
 18 15. Reconstructed by the purchase of the library of ex- President 
 t*''i"J^ Jefferson — about 7,000 volumes, cost $23,950. 
 
 1 85 1. Partially destroyed by fire in the Capitol; 20,000 volumes were 
 saved and the Library replenished by special expenditure of 
 $75,000. 
 
 1846-1870. One copy of books, etc., deposited under Copyright Law sent 
 to Library. 
 
 1866. Made custodian of the library of the Smithsonian Institution, with 
 
 its subsequent accessions. 
 
 1867. Purchase of Peter Force collection of Americana. 
 -1870. Made Office of Copyright for the United States. 
 
 1882. Gift of the library of Joseph M. Toner. 
 
 1883. Purchase of papers of the Marquis de Rochambeau. 
 
 1897. Removed to new building. 
 
 1898. Gift of Gardiner Greene Hubbard collection of prints. 
 1 90 1. Purchase of the Robert Morris papers. 
 
 Work of supplying printed cards to other libraries begun. 
 
 1903. Gift of the papers of Andrew Jackson and Martin Van Buren. 
 Made the depository of historical manuscripts in the Executive 
 
 Departments of the Government, resulting in the transfer of the 
 papers of Washington, Jefferson, Madison, Monroe, Franklin, 
 Hamilton, and of the Post-Office Department of the Confederate 
 States. 
 Kohl collection of maps transferred from State Department. 
 
 1904. Purchase of the papers of James K. Polk and Andrew Johnson. 
 
 1905. Gift of a collection of original drawings, prints, and books of 
 
 Japanese artists, by Mr. Crosby S. Noyes. 
 
 1906. Purchase of the "Peace Transcripts" made by Mr. B. F. Stevens,. 
 
 and the Stevens "Catalogue Index" of manuscripts in European 
 archives relating to America. 
 
 1907. Acquisition of the Yudin collection of Russian literature. 
 
 1909. Gift from the Chinese government of the great Chinese encyclo- 
 
 pedia (The Tu Shu Tsi Cheng). 
 
 19 10. Deposit of the John Boyd Thacher collection of Incunabula. 
 
THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS AND ITS WORK. 7 
 
 191 2. Gift of the Deinard collection of Hebraica by Mr. Jacob H. Schiff. 
 Gift of the library of Dr. Henry Carrington Bolton relating to 
 chemistry. 
 
 19 14. Second gift of Hebraica from Mr. Jacob H. Schiff. 
 Establishment of the Semitic Division. 
 
 19 1 5. Henry Harrisse bequest. 
 
 Establishment of the Legislative Reference Service. 
 191 7. Pennell gift of Whistleriana. 
 
 Deposit of the public papers of President Theodore Roosevelt. 
 19 19. Deposit of the public papers of President William H. Taft. 
 192 1. Transfer from the Dep.artment of State of the originals of the 
 Declaration of Independence and of the Constitution of the 
 United States. 
 Deposit of the John Boyd Thacher collection on the French revo- 
 lution. 
 
 PRESENT COLLECTIONS 
 
 It comprised at the end of the fiscal year (June 30, 192 1), according to' 
 the latest count and records of accessions, 3,000,410 (1922) printed books 
 and pamphlets (including the law library); 170,005 maps and charts; 
 954,304 (1922) pieces of music; and 424,783 photographs, prints, en- 
 gravings, and lithographs. 
 
 APPROPRIATIONS 
 
 Appropriations for 1922 were: for salaries, $476,855 (including 8104,740 
 for the Copyright Office, which is offset by fees received) ; increase of 
 Library, $98,000; contingent, $8,000; printing and binding, $250,000 
 (an "allotment," i. e., leave to order work to this amount at the Govern- 
 ment Printing Office and its branches in the Library building) ; to be 
 expended for care and maintenance, $95,265; fuel, light, and miscella- 
 neous, $16,000; furniture and shelving, $17,000. Total, all purposes, 
 $961,120. 
 
 ORGANIZ.\TION 
 
 The administration of the Library is under the Librarian of Congress. 
 He is appointed by the President, subject to confirmation by the Senate. 
 He reports direct to Congress, to which he submits annually estimates 
 of appropriations required for the maintenance of the Library. He is 
 authorized to expend the appropriations granted by law for the purposes 
 designated, to appoint all employees of the Library proper and the Copy- 
 right Office, and is authorized to make rules and regulations for the 
 government of the Library. In addition to the Copyright Office, the 
 Library includes theicSw^Rrg divisions, each under the supervision of a 
 chief: Order, Catalogue, Bibliography, Legislative Reference, Reading 
 Room, Periodical, Documents, Manuscripts, Maps, Music, Prints, Card, 
 
8 THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS AND ITS WORK. 
 
 Classification, Semitic, Smithsonian Deposit, and Law Library; and two 
 divisions. Mail and Delivery and Binding, in charge of assistants. 
 
 The Copyright Office is under the general administration of the Libra- 
 rian of Congress, in particular charge of the Register of Copyrights. 
 During the year 1920-21 there were 135,280 entries for copyrights and 
 $141,199.33 received in fees, this amount more than offsetting the cost 
 of maintaining the office. During the year there were 235,122 articles 
 deposited to perfect the above entries. So far as desirable, articles so 
 deposited are drawn up into the Library to form a part of its collection. 
 
 SERVICE 
 
 The force employed in the Library proper, including the Copyright 
 Office, numbers 468, and in the Disbursing Office and care of Building and 
 Grounds 128; a total under the Librarian of 596; under the Public 
 Printer, but detailed to the Library of Congress for its printing, binding, 
 and repairing, 96 persons. 
 
 NEW CARD CATALOGUE 
 
 This catalogue was begun in July, 1898, when entries for books re- 
 ceived by copyright were first printed on standard-size cards. 
 
 Three copies of the catalogue are prepared, viz, the Public Catalogue 
 in the Reading Room, the New (Second) Official Catalogue in the Cata- 
 logue Division, and the Third Official Catalogue, at present in the Card 
 Division. 
 
 These catalogues all contain printed entries for books received b> 
 copyright since July, 1898, and for books received from sources other 
 than copyright subsequent to January i, 1901. Additional manuscript 
 or typewritten entries are filed in the Public Catalogue only, or in the 
 latter and the New Official Catalogue. They also contain entries for books 
 in recatalogued classes, viz, *Agriculture, Anatomy, Animal culture, An- 
 thropogeography. Anthropology, *Archeology, Architecture, Archives, 
 Astronomy (exclusive of Observations), Bacteriology, Bibliography, and 
 Library science. Biography, Botany, Chemistry, Chronology, Commerce, 
 Diplomatics,, Economics, Education, Engineering, Fine arts, Geneology, 
 Geography (including Voyages and travels), History, Horticulture, 
 Hygiene, International law, *Languages, **Law, Mathematics, Medicine, 
 Meteorology (exclusive of Observations), *Military science, Mineral 
 industries. Music (exclusive of scores). Natural history, *Naval science. 
 Oceanography, Paleography, Physical Geography, Physics, Physiology, 
 Political science. Psychology, Railroads, Science, Sociology, Sports and 
 Games, Statistics, Technology, Topography, Transportation, Zoology. 
 
 In addition to the entries mentioned above, the Second Official Cata- 
 logue contains manuscript author cards for books received by purchase 
 
 * In the classes marked with an asterisk (*) recataloguing has not been entirely completed. ** Law is 
 not reclassified and only in part catalogued by subject. 
 
THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS AND ITS WORK. 9 
 
 and gift in 1900 that have not yet been recatalogued vvilli printed cards. 
 The PubHc Catalogue contains typewritten copies of these entries and 
 also pasted slip entries for books listed in the catalogue of 1864, the 
 accession lists of 18 75- 18 76 and the section of the author" catalogue 
 printed in 1878-1880 (A-Drei), except in so far as these have been dis- 
 placed by printed cards. 
 
 Finally the Second Official Catalogue contains preliminary cards 
 for authors and subjects on which are noted authorities for heading, 
 references made to it, and occasionally definitions and special instructions. 
 
 Secondary title entries are ordinarily filed in the Public and Third 
 Official Catalogues only. 
 
 CLASSIFICATION 
 
 The new system of classification was devised from a comparison of 
 existing schemes (including the "decimal" and the "expansive") and a 
 consideration of the particular conditions in this library, the character 
 of its present and probable collections, and its probable use. It is 
 assumed that the departments of history, political and social science, 
 and certain others will be unusually large. It is assumed that investi- 
 gators will be freely admitted to the shelves. 
 
 The system devised has not sought to follow strictly the scientific 
 order of subjects. It has sought rather convenient sequence of the 
 various groups, considering them as groups of books, not as groups of 
 mere subjects. It has sought to avoid technical, foreign, or unusual 
 terms in the designation of these groups. It has selected for the symbols 
 to denote them: (i) for the classes, a capital letter or a double letter; (2) 
 for the subclasses, these letters combined with a numeral in ordinary 
 sequence. Provision for the insertion of future groups is: (i) in inter- 
 vening numbers as yet unused; (2) in the use of decimals. 
 
 The main classes are as follows: 
 
 A. Polygraphy (collections, encyclopedias, etc.). 
 B-BJ. Philosophy. 
 BL-BX. Religion. 
 
 C. History — Auxiliary sciences. 
 
 D. History and topography (except America). 
 
 E. America (general) and United States (general). 
 
 F. United States (local) and America outside of United 
 
 States. 
 
 G. Geography^Anthropology. 
 H. Social sciences. 
 
 J. Political science. 
 K. Law. 
 L. Education. 
 M. Music. 
 
lO THE UBRARY OF CONGRESS AND ITS W(JRK 
 
 N. Fine arts. 
 
 P. Language and literature. 
 PZ. Fiction. 
 Q. Science. 
 R. Medicine. 
 S. Agriculture. 
 T. Technology. 
 U. Military science. 
 V. Naval science. 
 Z. Bibliography. 
 On June 30, 1922, the classification of practically all classes had been 
 completed, excepting BL-BX (in part) K and P (in part). 
 
 PRINTED CATALOGUE CARDS 
 
 In the Card Division are stored extra copies of the cards which the 
 Library has been printing for its catalogues since 1898. Over 870,000 
 different cards are in stock. The average stock of each is about 75 
 copies; the collection therefore includes over 65,000,000 cards. When 
 the stock of any card is exhausted the card is at once reprinted. 
 
 Since November, 1901, the Library of Congress has been supplying 
 copies of its printed catalogue cards to other libraries, institutions, and 
 individuals for use in cataloguing or for bibliographical purposes. Cards 
 may be ordered by any method which will specifically identify those 
 desired and in any quantity, from a single copy to the full stock. The 
 price per card varies according to the method of ordering and the quan- 
 tity ordered. The average price is about iK cents per card. 
 
 Over 3,000 institutions and individuals are now ordering the cards 
 regularly; their purchases amount to over $100,000 annually. 
 
 Certain libraries in leading centers of research have been made de- 
 positories for complete sets of L. C. printed cards. By consulting a 
 depository set one may find out whether a certain book is in the Library 
 of Congress. Copies of any cards in the depository catalogue may be 
 ordered by number. In order that its collection of books and printed 
 catalogue cards may be fully utilized by Departments of the U. S. Gov- 
 ernment, partial depository sets of the cards have been assigned to 
 the libraries of the Departments, each corresponding in scope to the 
 work of the Department in the library of which it is placed. 
 
 MANUSCRIPTS 
 
 In 1897 the Library of Congress established a Division of Manuscripts 
 with the purpose of creating one central place of deposit in which there 
 should be every precaution taken for the safety of the manuscripts and 
 where there should be a force adequate to listing and making the docu- 
 
THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS AND ITS WORK. II 
 
 ments accessible to the general public. It is fitted throughout with 
 strictly modern appliances for receiving, handling, and storing manu- 
 script material. It contains specially devised cases for the display of 
 the material, with specially designed steel safes for the more valuable 
 documents, with a force of repairers and binders of special skill and 
 knowledge in the delicate task of restoring, repairing, mounting, and 
 binding papers which have suffered injury by moisture, by fire, or by 
 such other chances as threaten old papers kept in private hands. 
 
 The more important collections now in the Library of Congress are : 
 
 1. The Peter Force collection, rich in colonial and Revolutionary 
 history. 
 
 2. From the librarv of Thomas Jefferson were obtained manuscript 
 materials of a unique description, chiefly relating to the colonial history 
 of Virginia. 
 
 3. The Rochambeau Papers purchased by Congress in 1883. 
 
 4. Many volumes relating to the history of the Spanish possesssions 
 in America in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. They have been 
 supplemented recently by the acquisition of the Spanish records of East 
 Honduras, of New Mexico, of Porto Rico, and of Guam. Attention 
 has also been given to the English, Spanish, and Dutch colonies in North 
 America. 
 
 5. Naval papers, like the papers of John Paul Jones, of Edward Preble, 
 of John Barry, of David Porter, and the Marine Committee of the Conti- 
 nental Congress; and in military history many orderly books, covering 
 the wars in which the nation has engaged. 
 
 6. The letter-books and diary of Robert Morris, Superintendent of 
 Finance in the Revolution. 
 
 7. The papers of the following Presidents: Washington, Jefferson, 
 Madison, Monroe, Jackson, Van Buren, Tyler, Polk, Pierce, Johnson, 
 Cleveland, Roosevelt, and Taft. 
 
 8. The papers of the Continental Congress, of Benjamin Franklin, of 
 Alexander Hamilton, and the proceedings of the Loyalist Commissioners. 
 
 9. The papers of the following public men: Duncan McArthur, John J. 
 Crittenden, John M. Clayton, Caleb B. Smith, Daniel Webster, James 
 Brown, Salmon P. Chase, William Plumer, William Allen, John Breck- 
 inridge, Robert J. Breckinridge, W. C. P. Breckinridge, Lyman Trumbull, 
 Elihu Washburne, Virgil Maxey, Francis Markoe, William T. Sherman, 
 John Sherman, George B. McClellan, Gideon Welles, and E- M. Stanton. 
 
 10. The diplomatic papers of the Confederate States of America and 
 those of the Confederate Post-C)ffice. 
 
 11. The papers of John Fitch, William Thornton, Henry R. School- 
 craft, Ephriam G. Squier, and E- B. O'Callaghan. 
 
 12. The commercial papers of Ellis and Allan, Sylvanus Bourne, and 
 from various custom-houses. 
 
12 THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS AND ITS WORK. 
 
 13. The Halliwell- Phillips collection of English bills and accounts of the 
 Seventeenth century. Vernon- Wager Tetters, records of Barbados, and 
 other West India islands. 
 
 14. A collection of the sacred books of Burma on palm leaves. The 
 Rockhill collection of Chinese and Thibetan manuscripts and other 
 Orientalia. 
 
 15. A series of transcripts of documents in the English Public Record 
 Office, and in the French and Spanish archives relating to America. 
 Also the so-called "Peace Transcripts" made by Mr. B. F. Stevens, of 
 documents relating to the Peace of 1783; and the Stevens "Catalogue 
 Index" of manuscripts in European archives relating to America, 
 1 763-1 783. 
 
 16. A large collection of broadsides, theatre programmes, et cetera. 
 
 MAPS 
 
 The valuable maps and atlases belonging to the Library of Congress 
 form probably the most extensive, certainly the most thoroughly equipped 
 and accessible, collection in the United States. 
 
 This collection consists of over 161,711 maps and 5,571 atlases, and is 
 especially rich in Americana, containing many manuscripts illustrating 
 the discovery, settlement, and early wars of the country. The Division 
 is fortunate in possessing, in addition to several small surveys, the large 
 manuscript map made by George Washington to show his land grants on 
 the Kanawha River. These, together with other manuscript maps, old 
 engraved views of various cities and maps of local interest, are to be seen 
 in the exhibition room connected with the Division. 
 
 The collection of atlases is especially noteworthy, comprising as it does 
 nearly all the geographical works of Ptolemy, Ortelius, Mercator, Blaeu, 
 and others. The earliest of these and the first atlas entirely engraved 
 on copper is the metrical translation into Italian by Berlingeri of Ptol- 
 emy's geography, published in Florence about 1480. Also of interest is 
 a manuscript globe, 72 mm. in diameter, made by Caspar Vopel in 1543. 
 This globe is of the utmost rarity, there being only two other examples 
 by Vopel in existence. 
 
 The Division contains a special reading room where every facility is 
 given to students for the examination of material. In addition to the 
 usual readers, the Map Division is consulted in connection with boundary 
 disputes, law cases, and the work of many of the Government Depart- 
 ments. 
 
 MUSIC 
 
 Established in 1897, the Music Division has in its custody all the music 
 and books on music acquired by the Library of Congress either through 
 copyright or purchase. The collections represented on July i, 1922, a 
 
THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS AND ITS WORK. 1 3 
 
 grand total of 954,304 volumes, pamphlets, and pieces, of which 39,491 
 illustrate the history, theory, and study of music. The yearly accessions 
 now amount to more than 35,000 volumes, pamphlets and pieces. 
 
 With the exception of a few rarities the collections, until 1897, were 
 almost entirely the result of deposits under the copyright law. For 
 reasons connected with the history of copyright legislation, only a portion 
 of the music entered for copyright between 1 783 and 1 8 1 8 was in possession 
 of the Librarv^; but that issued since 1819 by the press of the United 
 States was represented in a collection which was fairly comprehensive 
 and, of course, unique. Of European publications, the Library in 1897 
 possessed very few issued prior to 1891, and these principally works by 
 American composers. Since 1891, when protection under our copyright 
 law was extended to the works of foreign authors, the collections came 
 to embrace music which foreign publishers cared thus to enter for protec- 
 tion. As most of the continental countries making important contribu- 
 tions to music, with the exception of Austria- Hungary and Russia, have 
 been included in this protection, and as the European publishers copy- 
 righted the majority of their publications (frequently works by Russians, 
 Austrians, etc.), the Library of Congress, under the international copy- 
 right law of 1 89 1, came to acquire a very extensive and representative 
 collection of contemporary European music. 
 
 Since 1902, however, there has been systematic effort and a very con- 
 siderable expenditure to increase the scope of the Division in order to 
 make it a center of research to the student, critic, and historian of music. 
 Thus the Music Division now possesses, beside a unique collection of 
 Americana — 
 
 1. An exceptionally full collection of printed orchestra scores of operas, 
 new and old, as well as of transcripts made from often unique copies in 
 the libraries of Europe. 
 
 2. The largest collection of opera librettos, including the important 
 Schatz collection. 
 
 3. The complete works of the classic and romantic masters, in definite 
 or uniform editions; also the musical "monuments" and publications 
 issued by various historical societies. 
 
 4. A notable collection of rare historical and theoretical books on 
 music printed before 1800 and a rapidly increasing collection of old music. 
 
 5. A comprehensive assortment of modem books on the history and 
 the theory of music. IMusical biography is particularly Avell represented, 
 that in English being almost complete. 
 
 6. About 120 American and foreign musical reviews currently received. 
 
 7. In recent years the collection of autograph compositions and letters 
 of famous musicians has been considerably strengthened through the 
 acquisition of many rare and valuable items. 
 
14 THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS AND ITS WORK. 
 
 PRINTS 
 
 The collection of prints, July i, 1921, numbers 424,783, covering 
 every process and representing all schools. It is acquired by copyright, 
 purchase, and gift. 
 
 The utility of such a varied collection is further increased for study 
 and exhibition purposes by valuable and interesting loans, notably that 
 of Mrs. T. Harrison Garrett and the late Mr. George Lothrop Bradley. 
 
 The collection has also been enriched by prints presented by the 
 French and German Governments, and a selection of prints and illustrated 
 books by celebrated Japanese artists, the gift of Mr. Crosby S. Noyes. 
 
 In 1 917, Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Pennell, the authorized biographers of 
 James McNeil Whistler, presented their large and valuable collection of 
 Whistleriana. 
 
 There has been recently purchased a collection of 25,000 photo- 
 graphs of paintings and sculpture in European galleries and of foreign 
 architecture. 
 
 With this great collection at hand exhibitions have been made from 
 time to time illustrative of the history of engraving, and presenting the 
 works of the various schools or those of celebrated masters of engraving, 
 such as Diirer, Rembrandt, Haden, and Wliistler. 
 
 The valuable works on the Fine Arts, including Architecture, repre- 
 sented by reference works and periodicals, together with the collection 
 of prints, are placed at the disposal of the art students and readers. 
 Every facility is afforded both for study and general reading. 
 
 LAW LIBRARY 
 
 The Law Library of Congress and the Supreme Court of the United 
 States was established by act of Congress in 1832. It contains over 
 195,000 volumes and is the largest collection of strictly law books in the 
 world. 
 
 Its collections are constantly drawn on by the law officers of the 
 Executive Departments and the judges of the courts located in Washing- 
 ton. To meet the very large number of loans made by the Law Library, 
 many duplicates are carried. 
 
 About 35,000 volumes, a good working collection of English and 
 American law, are located in the Capitol building in the room which was 
 for nearly fifty years the chamber of the Supreme Court of the United 
 States. The rest of the Law Library has received temporary quarters 
 in the Library of Congress building. 
 
 The Law Library contains a very complete collection of Year- 
 books (reports of cases decided in the English courts during the reigns 
 from Edward I to Henry VIII), many early editions of the classical 
 treatises on Anglo-American law, an almost complete collection of the 
 
THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS AND ITS WORK. 15 
 
 first editions of the session laws of Rhode Island and Massachusetts, 
 and it is rapidly developing a good working collection of the modern law 
 literature of all the countries of the world. 
 
 USE 
 
 The lyibrar}' was originally established for the use of Congress merely. 
 It aids with research and the loan of books all branches of the Federal 
 Government, the Supreme Court, the Executive Departments, and the 
 various scientific Bureaus maintained by the Federal Government whose 
 investigations constantly require a reference to books. 
 
 Though still carrying the title "Library of Congress," it is also now 
 a general public library, open as freely for reference use as any in the 
 world. Since its removal to the new building its collections and its 
 service have so extended that it is now familiarly entitled the National 
 Library. Any person from any place may examine within its walls any 
 book in its possession, and may do this without introduction or cre- 
 dentials. The Library is open from 9 a. m. till 10 p. m.; on Sundays 
 and all holidays excepting Fourth of July and Christmas, also excepting 
 Saturday afternoons during July, August, and September, from 2 till 
 10 p. m. 
 
 Books for home use are issued to certain classes designated by statute 
 and, within the District of Columbia, in effect to any person engaged in 
 a serious investigation for which the books are required. 
 
 Of late the Library has also lent books to other libraries in various 
 parts of the United States for the convenience of investigators engaged 
 in research calculated to advance the boundaries of knowledge. This is 
 under a system of interlibrary loan. A condition of the loan is that 
 the book is an unusual book, which it is not the duty of the local library 
 to supply, and that it can at the moment be spared by the Library of 
 Congress, and that the risk and expense of transportation shall be borne 
 by the borrowing library. 
 
 The Library also aids investigators by publications exhibiting materia] 
 in its collections upon topics under current discussion, or within fields of 
 special research. It answers inquiries addressed to it by mail in so far 
 as they can be answered by bibliographic information — that is, by a 
 reference to printed authorities. The number of such inquiries yearly 
 exceeds 25,000. The Library is thus becoming a bureau of information 
 upon matters bibliographic. 
 
 PUBLICATIONS ^ 
 
 The publications issued by the Library are numerous and include — 
 Annual reports, showing the progress of the Library. 
 Bibliographies, exhaustive statements of the literature of certain 
 subjects, e. g., Philippine Islands. 
 
 ' Complete list of publications sent on application to the Librarian. 
 
l6 THE UBRARY OF CONGRESS AND ITS WORK. 
 
 Reference lists, containing principal references to questions of current 
 interest, e. g.. Trusts, Subsidies, Railroad, etc. 
 
 Catalogue, lists of special collections in the Library of Congress, e. g., 
 Washington MSS., John Paul Jones MSS., Maps of America, Newspapers. 
 
 Special publications on library methods, e. g., Catalogue rules. Classi- 
 fication, etc. 
 
 OTHER LIBRARIES AT WASHINGTON 
 
 The Library of Congress is but one of over 50 Government libraries 
 at Washington. There are in the various Departments and scientific bu- 
 reaus of the Government collections aggregating over a million volumes. 
 Certain of these are preeminent in the world within the field with which 
 they deal. With them, the Library of Congress is seeking to form an 
 organic system. It will be this system rather than the Library of Con- 
 gress alone which will eventually form the National Library of the United 
 States. In number of volumes it would already equal any other library 
 in the world. 
 
 BOOKS REIvATiNG TO EIBRARY OF CONGRESS 
 
 Published by the Library: 
 
 Reports of the Librarian of Congress, 1897-192 1. 
 
 (The Report for 1901 contains a Manual of the Constitution, 
 Organization, Methods, etc., of the Library.) 
 History of the Library of Congress, by W. D. Johnston. Vol. I, 
 1800-1864. Price, $1.40. 
 Published by private publishers for sale: 
 
 Handbook of the Library of Congress, by Herbert Small. Boston, 
 Curtis and Cameron. Price, 25 cents. 
 
 o 
 
L'iBFuA.KY SCHOOL LTBRARV 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY 
 BERKELEY 
 
 Return to desk from which borrowed. 
 This book is DUE on the last date stamped below. 
 
 MAY 2 8 1950 
 MAY 4 1964 
 
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H' 
 
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 LIBRARY SCHOOJ. LIBRARY 
 
 This book is due on the last date stamped below, or 
 
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 Renewed books are subjea to immediate recall. 
 
 7 1972 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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