\; Do you know him ?' said Alfred, sharply."— Page 213. RED CARL TRANSLATED FROM THE GERMAN J. J. MESSMER BY MARY E. IRELAND NEW YORK THOMAS Y. CROWELL & CO. 46 East Fourteenth Street 'RESERVATION :OPY ADDED Copyright, 1888, by Thomas Y. Crowell & Co. TRANSLATOR'S PREFACE. This story, which was originally written in German, and published by Messrs. Walden & Stowe, of Cincinnati, under the title Im Stfvm der Zeit^ or " The Tide of Time," contains so much sound teaching in regard to the Labor Question, Socialism, and Temperance, that it seemed well worth putting into English, in order that it might reach a still wider circle of readers. The author has so clearly set forth some of the evils connected with these questions ; he has related his story — which by the way is founded upon fact — so dramatically and at the same time, in such a wholesome, simple style, the thoughts conveyed are so sound and noble, sweet and religious, that it cannot fail to have a deep influence for good. The description of the fortunes of the Neu- mann family illustrates anew the importance of right training for the young : it is a type of hosts of noble men, women, and children, who have come from the German Fatherland, to 3 ivi528458 4 TRANSLATOR'S PREFACE. enrich and benefit the land of their adoption. Each character is alive, and the respect that is aroused by the sterling qualities of Herr Neu- mann is equalled by the love inspired by his daughter, the beautiful Trina, v^ho is one of the sweetest creations of recent fiction. Not less admirable is the genuinely religious spirit of the good nurse, Frau Schlegel. The description of the strike, and the keen analysis of men's motives, as displayed in meet- ing and council, rank the author, who is pastor of a German church in Baltimore, as a worthy descendant of Jeremias Gotthelf, the Swiss classic. The more exciting scenes of the story are well balanced by the views of the charming domestic life of these German colonists. The scenes are laid, for the most part, in a New England manufacturing town, but here again variety is afforded by the migration of part of the family to the far West. It would be difficult to find a healthier, more stimulating, and more suggestive story, to put into the hands of the young. MARY E. IRELAND, Baltimore, Md. CONTENTS. CHAP. PAGE I. Happy Home-Life 7 II. The Excursion 27 III. Red Carl 45 IV. A Secret Leader 63 V. Jealousy 80 VI. Aunt Schlegel's Advice 100 VII. A Pleasant Surprise 116 VIII. Proposing a Strike 138 IX. The Strike Begun 158 X. Holding Out on Principle 183 XI. The Explosion 204 XII. The Confession 223 XIII. The Tragedy 244 XIV. Prairie Life 264 XV. A Charming Outlook 286 RED CARL CHAPTER I. HAPPY HOME LIFE. " Hurry, Trina, hurry ! The whistle has sounded ; father and the boys will soon be here ; is supper nearly ready ? " These words, spoken in a clear, cheerful voice, proceeded from a thick cluster of bean vines in a corner of the garden near the dwelling. They were scarcely uttered when the neat form of a young girl appeared in the doorway, her flushed cheeks showing that she had been in close proximity to the stove. " Supper is nearly ready, mother ; the pota- toes are almost done, the salad is made, I am setting the table, and by the time father comes, the ham will be ready to carve. You had better come in now, for we can eat as soon as they come." ** I will, child, as soon as I finish picking the few beans that remain on this vine." Trina went back to her work, and, a mo- 7 8 RED CARL. ment after, the mother walked briskly up the clean gravel path, bearing a large platter of beans. She was a healthy, fine-looking woman, her ruddy complexion giving evidence of plenty of exercise in the open air. Her rich, light- brown hair was braided and coiled in a thick mass at the back of her head, and her clear blue eyes betokened a cheerful outlook upon the world and all it contained. The sleeve of her print dress was rolled above her elbow, disclos- ing the firm, round arm ; and upon her feet were substantial wooden shoes. Although her countenance was that of one at peace with herself and with her fellow-crea- tures, there was a shade of pensiveness upon it which did not render it less attractive. She placed the platter upon the bench by the door, and having carefully wiped the earth from her shoes, went into a shed back of the house where she removed them and put on a pair made of leather, then went to the kitchen — also used as a dining-room — and threw a searching glance around. She apparently found all to her liking, for she smiled approvingly at her daughter who was busily engaged placing the supper upon the table. She gave some directions with which Trina quickly complied, then put the finishing touches to the meal while the young girl sat HAPPY HOME LIFE. g down in a low rocking-chair, and cast a satisfied glance about her. Although there was a strong resemblance between them, Trina was far prettier than her mother could have been, even when as young as she. Tall and beautifully formed, with clear, deep blue eyes, which had a roguish twinkle and a keen appreciation for all beautiful things in life, Trina was one upon whom it was a pleasure to look. Her golden hair formed a coronet up- on her shapely head, and her simple home attire showed to advantage the perfect symmetry of her form. Her hands, though not strangers to work, were small and well-formed, and her man- ner had the easy grace and vivacity of one un- conscious of her beauty. " It is so nice that we have had the kitchen fixed, mother," said she ; ** it looks so much better, and it is really a pleasure to keep it in order." The mother responded with a nod and a satis- fied smile. Without much pretension, the room was in- deed pretty and comfortable. The walls and ceiling were newly painted, the floor was cov- ered with a new oilcloth, pictures adorned the spaces between doors and windows, and upon the brightly polished stove was the new tin cof- fee pot, and the smoking viands for the evening lO RED CARL. meal. The table, with its coarse but snow-white cloth, was a picture of neatness and order. It was evident that Frau Neumann was well acquainted with the manner of living among the better classes of Germany, as in truth she was, having lived at service for a long time in a cul- tivated family. In the streets could be seen groups of work- men, men and boys with tin pails, and young girls with baskets, all returning to their homes. A clear whistle called Trina quickly to the door, for she knew it was the signal used by her brother Johannes, to announce his arrival, to- gether with that of the others, who were not far behind him. Soon all made their appearance from around the corner. The father, a tall, robust man, with beard and hair already tinged with gray, gave his daughter a pleasant smile ; the brothers had a jesting word for her, and the sisters greeted her with a kiss. " Hurrah ! " cried Johannes, ** I smell some- thing good, and I am glad of it, for I am as hungry as a wolf. Is supper ready } " " Ready } Oh you greedy boy ! well go and wash, and fix up as you always do, and you can sit right down to the table." Johannes would have preferred omitting the time-honored custom, but Trina was firm, so HAPPY HOME LIFE. II while his sisters passed into the sleeping-room to arrange their hair, he went with the men to the shed back of the kitchen, where he washed his face and hands in pure cold water, and a few moments after, clean and refreshed, they sat down to the plentiful and well-prepared viands. % A workingman's meal at the conclusion of his day's labor, is naturally divided into two periods. He is not hurried, he can enjoy it at his leisure, which is not the case with the meals which preceded it. At supper, his day's work being done, he can concentrate his thoughts upon the food before him, and the first period is one of comparative silence, being restricted mainly to monosyllables and questions. When the keen- ness of his appetite is somewhat appeased, he begins to take interest in the topics of the day, discussions upon family matters and interests are entered into, and the laugh and jest is, or should be, circulated freely. Thus it was with the Neumann family, who were healthy, happy, and cheerful, much attached to each other and to their home. They were from Westphalia, where Father Neumann had a good position in a cloth cap manufactory. But sickness in the family, a rise in the price of provisions, and many other ex- penses caused him anxiety for the welfare of his 12 RED CARL. large family of growing children, and he eagerly looked about him for ways and means to better his fortunes. Just at that time he received a letter from a friend who had settled in America, and was doing so well, that he advised Herr Neumann to#leave Westphalia, and come to a country where he would, without doubt, receive better wages for his work, and have the opportunity of getting his sons into business. The subject was agitated in the family, and all the arguments for and against the movement discussed. They considered that by the sale of such household articles and other things as they could spare, they would have means to enable them to make the journey, and have something left to commence housekeeping in their new home. So with cheerful hearts, they took leave of friends and acquaintances, and set sail upon the broad ocean ; and after a safe voyage reached New York, and again took passage on the waters of Long Island Sound for Bridethorp, where their friend resided. As he had told them, they found that a com- petent workman like Father Neumann had no difficulty in obtaining employment. Five years had now passed away since their arrival, and they had become so identified with HAPPY HOME LIFE. n their new home, that it almost seemed to them that they had always lived there. It was true, that like most immigrants, the first years were full of hardships, and they found they could save nothing. They found also that their friend was not to be depended upon, being under the dominion of strong drink. Had it not been thus, Herr Neumann would have pre- ferred his society to that of any other, but he was temperate himself, and could not associate with those who were not. Nothing could have tempted him to lead the miserable life of poor Bernau, and finding his words had no influence over him, considered it best, much to his regret, to hold himself aloof from him. With skilled knowledge of his business and diligent hands, it was not long before Herr Neumann had an assured position in the manu- factory, and had also the opportunity of getting lucrative employment for his sons and daugh- ters. While Trina remained at home to help her mother, the others went to the factory, and in happy and united family life the time passed on. At length an association was formed among the workmen with the object of bringing it within the reach of all to possess a home, and the Neumann family joined heartily in the scheme. H RED CARL. A considerable portion of land was purchased by the society and divided into different sized lots, and each man was provided with capital to build a simple but comfortable dwelling. The workmen were expected to pay a propor- tional sum as first payment, and the rest of the purchase money to lay upon longer time. After a certain sum of the purchase money was paid, the title for the property was given. In order to lighten the burden of this last payment, the workmen formed among themselves building societies ; which, through monthly pay- ments, enabled each member to raise the desired sum when due, and then the property was his own. The Neumann family had a claim upon a very desirable property, in a section which, from year to year, would increase in value. Their dwelling, built for two families, was of two stories ; roomy and convenient, and had a large garden. It was now two years since they had taken possession ; they held receipts for the payments which they had promptly made, and the time was not far distant when they would have a title which would give them undisputed right to the property. Every member of the family took pride and pleasure in their home, and considered plans for beautifying it. The father and sons kept the HAPPV kOME LIFE. is building in perfect condition, and the mother and her daughters kept the garden in order, ex- cept when the work required was beyond their strength ; then the father or sons assisted. They were well repaid for the attention be- stowed upon it, for, beside an abundance of the best of vegetables, their eyes were feasted upon flowers of every hue, and their garden was a spot where every member of the family delighted to spend leisure moments. Yet, with all their zeal to secure a home, the family were too wise to let it overshadow all pleasure in their daily life. Their manner of living was plain, but sub- stantial and comfortable ; their clothing respect- able, and they had all the conveniences which were necessary, enjoyed healthful recreations, and never deprived themselves of the literature of the day. The religious belief of the family was that of the average German ; the children, as is cus- tomary, had received religious instruction, and had been confirmed. They attended the different services of the church ; sometimes partook of the holy com- munion, but that it was a duty incumbent upon them was a thought to which they had given little heed. The Lord's day was frequently spent in pleas- 1 6 ^^D CARL. ure ; their aims were for earthly good, and they scarcely realized the need of laying up treasures in Heaven. Though trusting to their rectitude and moral- ity, they yet had many calls to a more spiritual life. The strict observance of the Sabbath among their American neighbors was a surprise, and the unremitting attention to the means of grace was a subject for reflection. But while they noticed and thought of these things, they considered that every country had its own manners and customs, therefore attri- buted much of the devotion to this cause. But there was one German neighbor whose godly life they could not attribute merely to ad- herence to the customs of the land of her adop- tion. Mother Schlegel was one of the widows of whom Paul wrote to Timothy, — " Now that she is a widow indeed and desolate, trusteth in God, and continueth in supplications and prayers night and day." Mother Schlegel's occupation was that of a nurse for invalids, and she was therefore much from home. Her goodness and usefulness had, in spite of her unobtrusive ways, made her well known in the neighborhood ; and, after the Neu- manns had moved into their new home, she had rendered them many services which had en- deared her to them. Her knowledge of reme- HAPPY HOME LIFE. 17 dies for little ailments had given them confi- dence in her judgment, and she was at all times a welcome guest. While she let her light shine and by her good works glorified her Father in Heaven, she also praised him in words when opportunity was given her. Her admonitions to young people were given with such hearty interest in their well-being, and her advice to elderly ones with such humility and discretion, that neither young nor old could take offence, and Herr Neumann often declared that she was doctor and pastor, both in one. The father had finished his supper, had pushed his plate aside, leaned comfortably back in his chair, and glanced at his wife, who appeared lost in thought. "What is the trouble, mother.-*" inquired he, "you look as though you had something upon your mind." " Oh," replied she, rousing from her abstrac- tion, "nothing that really concerns us, but I cannot help thinking of the Bernau's ; they are in trouble. Frau Bernau was here to-day, and wept bitterly. She says there is every danger that they will lose their property, for they have not been able to make the last two payments, and the agent said that if it were not paid soon the association would have to take back the Ig RED CARL. property, because it could not give such long credit. He advised her to allow the place to be sold, that she might at least save what had been paid upon it." *' I am truly sorry for that, " replied Herr Neumann. ** That man really worries me. If it were not for his miserable habit of indulging in strong drink, all would be well. His family do the best they can, and if he would do right they could pay for their place as well as we are doing ; but his money goes into the hands of the saloon-keeper who will take it and not thank him." ** It is a shame for the saloon-keeper to take all his money," said Trina, indignantly. " You are right, my child," replied her father, " but people must look out for themselves. The innkeeper does not consider it his business to teach the people morals. The more they buy, the better he is pleased. They who are wise will remain away." "But that is what Bernau cannot do, it seems," remarked Johannes. *'When he sees through the window the bloated Gambrinas, with his red nose, raise a glass to his lips, he cannot withstand the temptation to go in. I think our temperance societies, while they require total abstinence, should also require that one should keep out of the way of temptations." HAPPY HOME LIFE. 19 " You belong to a society of this kind, my son," replied Herr Neumann, "and it is right you should, and also right that you endeavor to get others to join it. For my part I never was a drinker, and never shall be one. I feel myself too old and settled to require the binding of myself to a pledge. Every man should have power over himself, and not be a slave to his appetite." *' But not everybody has that power," said his son, " therefore it is good that they should have help from others, and their good intentions be strengthened." " It would be a great joy to me if you could win Bernau to join your society," continued Herr Neumann, " but I have little hope of it. An old stick is difficult to bend. Remember, children, that if Satan gets but a finger he will soon have the whole body. Keep from cards and drink, and in order to do so, remain entirely away from taverns." " There is no place like home," said Heinrich Neumann, as be slyly pinched Trina's cheek as she sat near him. " Was Mother Schlegel here to-day } " in- quired Herr Neumann. " She is a Christian, if ever there was one. I heard to-day at the fac- tory, that she had nursed Griinholtz back to life, had taken care of the Hauflein children. 20 RED CARL. and had spoken to that miserable Schlemmer so plainly that he has faithfully promised to do better. Perhaps were she to see Bernau she might do him some good." " Oh," exclaimed Susie, "she has already tried it, I was there when Louisa burned her hand ; and Mother Schlegel came and dressed it. Bernau had been drinking, and wanted to joke with her, but she rebuked him so kindly yet severely, that he was very shy of her afterward. When she left there he said that she was a good woman, and what she said to him was true, but his nature was such that he could not stop drinking." " Yes, people always make this excuse when slaves of their appetite ; " said Herr Neumann reflectively. ** If he would only try in earnest he could soon break himself of the habit, but the trouble is that he will not try ; strong drink destroys all energy and will-power." "To change the subject," remarked Conrad, the second son, " have you heard that on Sun- day two weeks, there is to be an excursion upon the Sound." " Where is it to start from } Where is it to go t What is the price of the tickets } " said the young people eagerly. " Now be quiet, will you, and I will tell you. I heard from Schilds, that the Bismarck Singing HAPPY HOME LIFE. 21 Society had engaged the steamer Atlanta^ to take them to Brooklyn. They have engaged a full band of music to accompany them, and everything promises for a first-rate time. The tickets are only fifty cents, and we can take bas- kets with our dinner and supper in them, or buy both meals on the boat." ** We must all go," said Johannes, looking with an inquiring glance at his father. ** We have not had any recreation this summer, and this is a good opportunity. We have taken so much dust into our lungs in the factory that a sail upon the water will do us all good." The others eagerly looked at their father to see the effect of these words, and what prospect there was for gaining his consent. " I will not hinder you from going," said Herr Neumann, after a few moments' reflection, "but I would rather remain under my own roof, or what is more likely, in the quietude of the garden ; and I think your mother will think as I do. We old folks have had enough of sailing upon the water, and it will be a great necessity that induces us to try it again." The young people were not satisfied with this, they thought the whole family ought to enjoy the excursion. They insisted that a short voy- age upon a beautiful steamer like the Atlanta, upon the fair Long Island Sound, was a very 22 RED CARL. different thing from a long, tedious voyage as steerage passengers upon an emigrant ship. While these affectionate little arguments were in progress, there came a knock at the door and an elderly woman clad in a simple print dress entered, who was warmly wel- comed. "Ah, good evening, Mother Schlegel," said they, as they shook hands with her, and Trina quickly ran for a chair, and bade her be seated. " Come and have some supper," said Frau Neumann, with earnest hospitality. "I have just finished supper," replied she, **but thank you for your kindness." " You come at a good time, Mother Schlegel," said Herr Neumann, "the young people were just telling of an excursion which the Bismarck Singing Society are to take upon the Sound two weeks from next Sunday, and are trying to persuade us to go with them, but we would rather remain at home. What do you say to it, Mother Schlegel } " The visitor made no reply, but putting her spectacles upon her nose, she took the family Bible from the table at her side and opening to the twentieth chapter of the book of Exodus, she read in reverential tones the words : " Re- member the Sabbath day, to keep it holy. Six days shalt thou labor and do all thy work, but HAPPY HOME LIFE. 23 the seventh day is the Sabbath of the Lord, thy God, in it thou shalt not do any work," then she closed the book, and looked inquir- ingly at them. The reading of the commandment was unex- pected, and the most of her listeners reddened with confusion. They had every respect for Frau Schlegel, and did not wish to make a reply that would vex or wound her. At length the silence was broken by Johannes, though in a diffident and respectful tone. "But, dear Frau Schlegel," said he, ''it is also written in the Bible, that the Sabbath was made for man, and not man for the Sab- bath." " Yes, it was made for man in which to wor- ship the Giver of every good and perfect gift, not to be spent in the excitement and confusion of travelling for what is called pleasure. No, it is a day free from labor, a day free from the cares and toils of life, given us and set apart that we may employ our thoughts on that eternal change which day by day draws nearer." "That is all true," replied Johannes, " but the body must also have rest and recreation. We who work hard all the week need something different from spending the day in the church or sitting in the house," 24 RED CARL. "Are you under the impression that Christians who keep the Sabbath holy, do without consist- ent pleasures ? And would you call it consist- ent or even rational for a Christian to spend the holy Sabbath in a noisy, crowded boat, and per- haps in danger, instead of the restfulness and soothing influence of the hours spent in the house of God ? Our Heavenly Parent allows us to take time for healthful recreation, but he expressly forbids us to desecrate His holy day.'; " You are right," here interposed Herr Neu- mann, "but you must not take it amiss if we differ somewhat from you. We have come from a country wheref the people as you know, hold more liberal views in regard to the Sabbath. In the Fatherland the people, as a rule, go to church in the morning, but the afternoon is given up to recreation in the parks and public gardens." " Yes, God pity them ! " said Frau Schlegel sadly, " but the custom does not make the action right. The Bible expressly says that neither son, nor daughter, nor man-servant, nor maid-servant shall work. When persons are seeking pleasure, some persons must work, in order that they shall have these pleasures. This cannot be right." Herr Neumann would have continued the HAPPY HOME LIFE. 25 conversation in order to bring out further argu- ments, but Frau Schlegel interrupted it by rising to go. " Oh, Herr Neumann," she said, '* it is not my place to bring charges against you, nor yours to make excuses to me. I only pray God to open your eyes, that you may see the matter jn a different and true light ; " and bidding them adieu in her usual kind and friendly manner, she went home. Conrad was angry and disappointed that Mother Schlegel had thus cast a cloud upon the prospect, and sat with lowering brow by the table. " Let the good woman have her opinion," said Herr Neumann, ** she means well ; were all Christians like her, the world would be the bet- ter of it. But what says the clock.? This is the evening the building society meets, and it is time to go." Thus saying Herr Neumann set out, his boys accompanying him part of the way. After the evening work was done, Frau Neu- mann and her daughters sat down in the porch, and prepared the beans for the next day's din- ner, enjoying in the meantime the perfume of the flowers. "The society is getting along nicely," re- marked the father upon his return. "In a few 26 Rl^D CARL. weeks there will be some shares sold, and we can take one or two." In less than an hour afterward, the whole Neumann family were wrapped in slumber, nothing disturbing the stillness, but the chirp- ing of crickets, and the croaking of frogs in a neighboring pond. CHAPTER II. THE EXCURSION. Very stately and graceful appeared the beau- tiful steamer Atlanta, that balmy Sunday morn- ing in June, in which the Bismarck Singing Society and their friends took 'passage for a short voyage upon Long Island Sound. Vol- umes of smoke arose from its stack, and curled lazily into the blue ether; flags were flying gayly, and little white-capped waves were dan- cing merrily upon the bright waters. The wharf at Bridethorp presented a lively appearance ; people were hurrying to and fro ; whole families — mostly German — were at the landing with baskets well stocked with eatables, children carrying their dolls and other toys, all waiting the arrival of the Singing Society. Presently the clash and clang of the band, ac- companied by the beating of a drum was heard, and with gay banners, and in uniform, the Soci- ety came in view, were marshalled on the steamer, and the other excursionists followed. There was a scrambling, and pushing, and laughing and talking, as they scattered about 27 28 RED CARL. the boat. Then the band took the quarters assigned them, and struck up a lively air, the whistle gave a prolonged shriek, the plank was taken up, the ropes cast off from the wharf, and the Atlanta moved off, followed by the cheering and waving of handkerchiefs, by friends on shore. When she had proceeded a short distance on her way, the bystanders left the wharf, and scattered in different directions, and soon the streets wore their customary Sunday air of quietude. Yet it could be gathered from the remarks of some of the spectators, that not every one looked upon the excursion favorably. " What has become of our Sunday laws } " asked an elderly gentleman of another, as they were about entering a church. " Either they have lost their efficacy, or the authorities do not take any trouble to enforce them. The desecration of the Lord's day seems to be car- ried on without any effort to prevent it." " Those people are Germans, and have brought the customs of their country with them," replied his companion. '* They take much upon themselves thus to openly set at defiance the laws of a country which has re- ceived them with such friendly kindness. Our steamboat companies do themselves no credit in thus lending themselves to Sabbath breaking. THE EXCURSION. 29 It appears to me that the love of money makes them indifferent to the injury they are doing." " Yes, our church services are neglected," re- plied the other gentleman; **and the worst feature in the case is, that our young people are enticed away, and grow to lose all interest in religious things. A law that insures rest to all, as far as is strictly possible, is one that should be rigidly enforced, and should be ob- served with pleasure by all good citizens." By this time they reached the basement of the church where the Sunday School was held, and were soon engaged with their respective classes. In the meantime two men, plainly clothed and having the appearance of seafaring men, were discussing the same subject but in a different light. " That steamer Atlanta does not suit my ideas of safety," remarked one of them ; *' did you notice how she trembled with the burden she had } I hope they will have a safe trip, but I fear it." "I have no fear of that," said the other, "for I believe the Atlanta to be seaworthy. My fears run in another channel. These people are well supplied with beer and other liquors, and when they get under the influence of it them- selves, they will treat the crew. A boat with 30 RED CARL. the mass of human beings which the Atlanta carries this morning, needs a clear head and steady hands to guide it. It would be a fright- ful thing if fire should break out, for the boat would burn like a piece of tinder." The speakers disappeared down a small street, and an hour later the bells pealed out from dif- ferent places of worship, and people were wend- ing their way to their accustomed places to listen to God's word. It was a few hours after noon, when a mes- senger might have been seen rushing from the telegraph office in Bridethorp and saying a few hurried words to some bystanders, who quickly entered. Before they could emerge, others had heard that there was something wrong, and were hurrying toward the office. The word was conveyed from mouth to mouth that something had happened to the steamer Atlanta. " What is it } What could have happened, there was no storm. Where did it happen 1 " came from pale lips and anxious hearts. Soon a bulletin was issued, — " The steamer Atlanta on Long Island Sound, near Brook- lyn, is on fire." The reading of this caused exclamations of horror from several present, who had relatives THE EXCURSION. 31 on the ill-fated steamer. The telegraph office was stormed to obtain more information. Many persons openly condemned the Sunday desecration, and said no good could follow ; but to the most of the anxious men, the anxiety for the fate of the excursionists swallowed up every other feeling. Indescribable anguish was in the homes of those who had loved ones upon the steamer. Parents were in agony for the fate of their chil- dren ; husbands, for their wives ; and wives, for their husbands. Minutes seemed like hours while they were between hope and despair. At length there came another telegram which gave comfort to the anxious hearts. " The steamer Atlanta has been burned, and is lost. The steamer Polk came to the rescue, and all the passengers are saved and will reach Bridethorp this evening," Tears of joy streamed from the eyes of many of the bystanders, and although their fears were not altogether allayed, they could wait with a reasonable degree of patience for the arrival of the Polk. Long before it could possibly arrive, crowds of people were assembled upon the wharf ; some speaking in subdued tones for the sake of those who had relatives on board ; others walking about in nervous anxiety, and others making arrangements to have everything in 32 RED CARL. readiness to convey their friends to their homes. Coaches and ambulances for those who were badly burned were in waiting, and every other needful preparation that could be made. It was twilight before the steamer came in sight. How different the scene from that of the morning. Friends were then waiting to see the excursionists off upon a day's pleasure ; now they were watching the deck with eager longing, hoping their dear ones were among those con- gregated there. Tears of joy would rush to their eyes when they happened to catch sight of a dear familiar face, and that anxiety lulled, they would scan the boat narrowly for others. At length the Polk reached the wharf, and the passengers were all safe upon the land. It was a subject for heartfelt congratulation, that most of them were unhurt, and there were but few who required ambulances. But oh, through what a scene had they passed. Some had their heads bandaged, others had their arms in slings made of handkerchiefs and strips torn from wearing apparel, and all in a state of nervous excitement which culminated in convulsive weeping upon meeting their friends. Groups of people were gathered about, listen- ing eagerly to accounts of the catastrophe from those able to tell it, for many were so over- come with fright that they could not make the THE EXCURSION. 33 account intelligible to those who remained at home. The young Neumanns were among the excur- sionists, and their parents had not heard of the catastrophe until near evening. The mother was completely prostrated, and could do nothing but lie upon the sofa and weep. Mother Schlegel came immediately to the house, and with loving words sought to com- fort the distressed woman, while the father hur- ried away to try to gather more information. As soon as the second telegram had been re- ceived, he sent the message directly to his wife, while he hurried to the wharf to receive the young people when they landed. It was almost dark when Johannes appeared at his home. His mother fell into his arms weeping convulsively, and unable to speak. " Be comforted, mother," said he, " father sent me to tell you they are all alive, and none badly hurt. Trina has some insignificant burns, but she does not think of them, we have escaped such a dreadful death. But there is one young man named Braun who is badly wounded, and they are bringing him here. Father would have him brought to our home, for had it not been for him our Trina would not to-night be among the living." This news brought back the natural energy 34 ^^^ CARL. of Frau Neumann. With the help of Frau Schlegel, a room and a bed was prepared for the wounded man, who was a stranger there and had no relatives in Bridethorp. In a few moments the others came, and were received with tears of joy. Trina's arm and shoulder were blistered, and Conrad's clothing was so burned and torn that it was a mystery- how he escaped serious injury. Mother Schlegel was now in her element, and knew exactly what to prescribe for the wounded ones. At length came the ambulance in which was young Braun, and with him a physician. He was placed immediately in bed, and his wounds examined. His right side was quite badly burned, but the worst injury was the breaking of one of his legs below the knee. Through suffering much he was patient and brave ; and after the limb was set and his burns dressed, the physician took his leave, saying that with youth and health on his side, he would soon, if careful, be as well as ever. After the confusion incident to their arrival had in a measure subsided, the family gathered with thankfulness and gratitude about the sup- per table, and each one had ejcperiences of the day to relate, but Johannes was the only one capable of making a clear statement of the affair. THE EXCURSION. 35 "The firemen had been treated by the pas- sengers, and were not altogether sober," said he. " How the fire originated I cannot say, it broke out in the vicinity of the engine-room. I saw the smoke, then the flames, and heard the cry of fire ! A scene of indescribable confusion followed. The passengers rushed frantically from one end of the boat to the other. Some jumped into the Sound, others were knocked down and trampled under foot. The captain was cool and collected, and had command over his men, but not over the frantic passengers. He ordered the course of the steamer turned so that the smoke would not blow directly into the boat, and the hose was used with such good effect that the flames were shortly under control. In the meantime, the Polk came to our relief, and although the fire was nearly subdued, none of us were willing to remain on the Atlanta a second longer than we could help, and the moment the Polk came alongside, we rushed on board. The wind blew the smoke directly over it, but we managed to crowd into it in safety. Conrad and Trina were among the last to leave. Trina had been knocked down by the terror- stricken people, and would have been trampled to death, had not young Braun, by main force, pushed the throng back, lifted her up, and helped her over the balustrade into the steamer 36 RED CARL. Polk. We were already there and received her from his hands. Then poor Braun was pushed back, stumbled over a life-preserver, fell, and could not rise without assistance. We sprang over the edge of both boats and helped him to a place of safety, until the crowd had thinned enough to allow us to carry him on board the Polk. We were just in time. The flames burst forth anew ; the Atlanta was a sheet of flame, and the Polk had to push off to keep from tak- ing fire. We steamed away, while the captain and his men rowed about in boats to pick up any who might have thrown themselves into the water.'* ** Were any lives lost.'*" inquired Mother Schlegel. ** That I do not know. Several sprang into the Sound, who I suppose could swim, and might have been picked up by boats which were sent out from Flushing. We shall know by to- morrow's papers if any were lost." " It was a bitter Sunday's pleasure," remarked she, sadly. ** Oh, Mother Schlegel," said Frau Neumann, ** I know well what you would say. Had we hearkened to your counsel, all this danger and anxiety would have been spared us. Believe me, I will never again give my consent for an- other such excursion on the Sabbath ; we are THE EXCURSION. 37 sufficiently punished, and it is a lesson which I hope we shall never forget." Frau Schlegel was too sensible to add any censure of her own, now that the Master whom she served had taken the matter in hand ; she merely contented herself by congratulating them heartily upon their narrow escape. " It is indeed a mercy of God that you are all spared," said she. " What a fearful thing it would have been had not the Polk come to the rescue. Had it not been in time, it is not prob- able we should have seen any of you again. We should indeed be grateful to God for his goodness to us." Mother Schlegel was to remain to take care of young Braun, and after a little while the whole family sought their needed rest, and silence reigned in the dwelling. In the meantime, Frau Schlegel prepared nourishment for the wounded man, anointed his burns with a cooling salve, and arranged everything which would be needed through the night. Then she drew her chair to the table, placed the lamp where the shade would keep the light from the sleeper's face, took the family Bible upon her lap, and was soon deeply ab- sorbed in reading. After a time she placed the holy book aside, and quietly listened to the deep breathing of 38 RED CARL, young Braun. She tried to keep awake, but she was very weary, a'nd again and again her eyelids drooped, and she dropped into a refreshing- slumber. She might have slept two hours when young Braun became restless. " Water ! " he whispered. " I wish a glass of cool, cool water." Frau Schlegel was awake instantly, and imme- diately brought the water, fresh and cool, from which he eagerly drank. ** My burns sting and smart," said he, wearily. " I am sorry for you," replied she, tenderly ; " I will anoint them again with the salve." She took some fresh bandages from a roll of old linen, spread the salve upon it, removed the others from the painful burns, and put the fresh ones in their places. **0h, I feel so much more comfortable," said he, gratefully ; " now I can go to sleep." In a few moments he was again in deep slumber, and Frau Schlegel took the oppor- tunity to take a long look at her patient. He was tall and slender, and very handsome. His hair and eyes were black, and his well-formed mouth was shaded by a full moustache. His countenance was open, and his expression fine. Although Frau Schlegel had never met with him, there was something in his face that ap- THE EXCURSION. 30 peared familiar. She placed her chair nearer, and scanned every lineament of his sleeping face. "Mother! mother! " whispered he. He was evidently feverish, and the sweet mother face was before him as when in the dear old home. Frau Schlegel was, by the hearing of these words, lost in retrospection. " Mother ! " oh yes, sweet childish voices had once called her by that tender name. But that was in the long ago. She saw herself again a bride in the vil- lage church, leaning upon the arm of the dear husband to whom she had given herself for life. She thought of her happy home — bright with the dear faces of her little ones — in the Father- land. Then came the journey to America, and the sickness and death of her husband. Then followed years of hard work for the support of herself and the ones dependent upon her, when the scarlet fever visited her humble home and took her sweet daughter and her noble boy from her loving care. But the bitter night of sorrow was the sun- rise of her trust in her Lord and Master, and in him she found comfort. "They cannot come to me, but I will go to them," said she, in her great grief ; " behold, I am a handmaid of the Lord ; let His will be done." 40 RED CARL. The wounded man again grew restless, and Frau'Schlegel arose and gave him medicine and a cooling mixture ; then again gave herself up to retrospection. She called to mind her sister who had married and had remained in the Fatherland, with whom a correspondence had been regularly kept up until a few years ago, when Frau Schlegel heard that she had died, leaving a son. Her brother-in-law had married again, and since then she had never heard from him. It was within the limit of possibility that this young man who bore the same name, and strongly resembled her sister, might be her son, and if so, was Frau Schlegel's nephew. She knew that Braun was a v^ry common name in Germany, and the young man was, it was most probable, an entire stranger to her ; yet his accent proved that he had come from the same section as herself. But how did it happen that he had come to the place where she had located.'* Was it intentional or mere chance, if anything under God's ruling could be chance. Perhaps he knew that he had an aunt who would be glad to receive him, and so had come to find her. She smiled to herself over the air- castles she had builded, yet could not keep her mind from the subject. She resolved to question him when he was better, and seeing that he was sleeping com- I am no hypocrite,' replied young Braun." — Page 41. THE EXCURSION. 4 1 fortably, she strove to drive all thoughts of it from her mind, that she might have some needed sleep. In the morning she again dressed his wounds, and then left him in the care of the Neumann family, promising to return in the evening. She was busily and happily employed all day in her little domicile, and when her simple supper was over, she went back to Herr Neu- mann's. She found Trina and her mother busily em- ployed unpacking the boxes of young Braun, and placing his possessions in the places he des- ignated. Herr Neumann had told him he was entirely welcome to make his home with them until he was well. Very gratefully the young man accepted the kind invitation, for he felt much at home with these true and kind-hearted people. Among the articles laid upon the table, was a beautifully bound Bible, on the corner of which in gilt letters was the name of *' Alfred Braun." ** Your mother, I am sure gave you this," said Frau Schlegel, as she took it up to examine it. " Yes," said the young man, coloring slightly, *'and as a memento of her, I value it highly." **And on that account only.?" questioned Frau Schlegel. ** I am no hypocrite," replied young Braun, 42 RED CARL. " and perhaps I entertain as much respect for it, as some who read it more." ** Did your mother belong to the list of those who read it ? " "Yes, but my mother was really a pious woman, and carried her religion not only in her words, but into her daily life." **Then your mother was also no hypocrite, but must have had great reverence for the Bible." "Yes, indeed," replied he eagerly, "she said often that it was her great comfort, and her support in life and death." "I rejoice that you honor the book for your mother's sake, and will pray earnestly to God that you will love it for its own sake. And now I would like to ask you what was your mother's name before she was married, and where was she born } " " Her name was Katherine Reinbach, and she was born in Zwickau. Were you acquainted with her } " said he, noticing the deep emotion of Frau Schlegel. " Did she ever mention a sister who had come to America } " questioned she. " Yes ; when I was about sixteen years of age, my mother died. She knew that I designed coming to America, and requested me to search for her sister. But I had lost the address. I THE EXCURSION. 43 wandered to Bridethorp to obtain employment, always intending to find my aunt, if possible. Perhaps I have found her," concluded he, glancing eagerly at Frau Schlegel. " My name was Maria Reinbach, my sister's name was Katherine , and we were born in Zwickau," replied she, with tears in her eyes. ** No doubt I am your aunt, and will try to be a good one to you, if you will accept of me." " And why should I not t " replied young Braun, taking her hand in both of his. " Have you not been as kind as a mother to me, although you thought me a stranger ? Now I am no longer a stranger in a strange land, I have found a dear and near relative." ** Nor am I alone, now that I have found a nephew," said Frau Schlegel. *' I will try to take your mother's place, and shall correct you when I think you deserve it," added she, smilingly. "I shall be very grateful," replied he, return- ing the smile, " it will keep me straight and do me good to know some one is watching over me." They were mutually pleased with each other, and a long time they conversed on the subject so dear to both. Frau Schlegel saw that he was of cheerful and pleasant disposition, and she believed that with patient trying and prayer, she could win him to the godly life in 44 RED CARL. which she and his departed mother had found their earthly happiness. The Neumanns were full of wonder over this discovery of relationship ; and Herr Neumann assured Frau Schlegel that her nephew should in his house hear nothing which would influence him in a different course in life from that in which she desired him to go. CHAPTER III. RED CARL. Several weeks had passed since the excur- sion upon the Sound, and the burning of the steamer Atlanta had been the prevailing topic of conversation. The catastrophe had caused the death of three men, and many who were wounded languished for longer or shorter time upon their beds of pain. The examination into the cause of the confla- gration had developed no certain evidence. One thing was certain, that where such a large crowd was upon a boat, and liquor circulated so freely, any little mistake or mishap was liable, in the confusion of the moment, to develop into a serious affair, of which this calamity was proof ; the really guilty ones escaping detection. Although many people were of the opinion that it was an accident liable to occur upon any day of the week, and upon any journey upon the water ; yet there were others who spoke openly of the desecration of the Sabbath by excursions, the opening of places of amuse- 45 46 RED CARL. ment and drinking saloons, and many other ways which were getting into use. A meeting was called in which the Sunday laws were to be discussed, and a large number of people congregated in the largest hall in Bridethorp. Eloquent speeches were made, in which was pointed out the injury done to a nation and community by lack of regard for the Sabbath. Resolutions were made, that stringent observance of the Sunday laws should be established, and a committee composed of the law-abiding citizens were appointed to wait upon the mayor and lay their wishes before him. This was done very soon after the meeting, and although the movement promised great things, the result was small. The mayor re- plied in a neat speech, complimenting the citi- zens upon their zeal, and said the matter should certainly receive his serious attention, express- ing at the same time, his wish that the laws should, in all cases, be faithfully observed. No doubt he really meant what he expressed, but political considerations, the interests of differ- ent organizations, and other influences hindered any energetic handling of the matter, and after a time the affair died out without any change for the better. At Neumann's there had been some changes. The family who had rented the other part of the RED CARL. A1 house had moved out, and the foreman of the factory took the opportunity to make a proposi- tion to Herr Neumann to take some of the un- married workmen to board. He assured him that only those whom he could heartily recommend should be sent, and explained so forcibly the advantage which it would be to Herr Neumann in a pecuniary point of view, that the latter became quite anxious to make a trial of it. For several days the plan was eagerly dis- cussed in the Neumann family, the father argu- ing that with the advent of young Braun a beginning had really been raade. Susie, he said, could remain at home and assist in the extra housework entailed by the boarders, and if necessary, Marie could remain also. In fact he came to the conclusion that he would rather they would be out of the factory, and this was an excellent chance for them to leave it. The board money would be almost clear gain, for they raised so many vegetables that they had very little to buy for the table. In the meantime, Frau Neumann had her thoughts upon the subject, and Mother Schlegel whose advice she had asked, agreed with her. " I would gladly have the girls at home with me," said the mother, '* but not at that price. It is not the work that boarders will make that 48 KED CARL, I object to, but I do object to having strange people in our family. We have always lived as we wished, and could have a cheerful, pleasant home for ourselves and children where we could all feel free and at ease, not having the restraint of strange people about us. Besides, they might have a different influence over our young people from what we would wish." To these objections Herr Neumann made no reply, but they had their weight. " Our house will be more public," continued she, " for between a boarding-house and a public- house there is not much difference. The boarders themselves may be all we would wish, but they may have friends whom we would not wish to welcome into our home, and yet could not, without giving offence, refuse them admit- tance. We may get people who will pay promptly, but we have heard instances of people having boarders who stayed with them as long as they could without paying board, then left for parts unknown." These objections Frau Neumann gave to her family at large, but to her husband when alone, she brought forth another and weightier objec- tion. She reminded him that they had three growing daughters, and she felt a great reluc- tance to bringing people of whom they knew nothing into the family. RED CARL. 49 Herr Neumann could see for himself that there was some foundation for this anxiety, and was the more open to conviction from the fact that none of his children viewed the matter in a favorable light, so almost made up his mind to give up the idea. But the foreman had employed several young and skilful workmen, and had entered into obliga- tions to furnish a boarding-place for them. He assured Herr Neumann that he would only send those in whom he had every confidence, and also reminded him that he was master in his own house, and if any of them did not suit him, all he had to do was to send them away. He advised him from the first to exercise judicious control, and there could never be any difficulty. As to the risk of losing board money, he would say that the employers were very particular what class of men they engaged, and if by any chance he lost by them they would see that the loss was made up to him. The objections of Frau Neumann still re- mained in force, but in addition to the persua- sions and assurances of the foreman, the men themselves pressed Herr Neumann to accommo- date them, and at length he complied ; consol- ing himself with the thought that their home would be the sooner paid for by this addition to their income. 50 RED CARL. Herr Neumann's family, in this instance, showed a marked contrast to many others in the same position, who, once in the way to pros- perity, rush into speculation or any other means to increase their stock at the risk of sacrificing comfort, rest, and contented family life. It was not long after the decision was given, until every room they could spare was filled, and Frau Neumann found that she had enough work to make it necessary to keep both daughters at home to assist Trina and herself. Even with their combined help, she felt many times that she scarcely knew what to do first ; so many things were demanding her immediate attention. Had she not been the most efficient of house- wives, and understood managing to save labor, they would all have lost spirit in the enterprise. But she was not only capable, but was strong and expeditious ; everything was done in time, and the boarders were highly pleased with their home. They always found their sleeping-rooms well aired and comfortable, the table well-supplied, and the viands well-cooked ; on their side they were expected to be clean and respectable when they took their places at the board. Herr Neumann and his sons set the example, and soon the strangers would have been ashamed to take place among them until they had done RED CARL. CI the best they could to make themselves pre- sentable. Frau Neumann's motherly heart went out to these young men under her roof, and many a word in season she spoke, hoping that at some time it would bear fruit. If any of them were indisposed, she considered it no trouble to pro- vide some little dainty for them, and any little repairing which their clothing required was un- grudgingly done. Young Alfred Braun, owing to the good care of the family and his Aunt Schlegel, had fully recovered, and the long weeks in which he had been confined to his room, had left their im- pression upon his mind and heart. His thoughts frequently recurred to his dead mother ; and as his unbelief was to be attributed more to the persons with whom he had for the past few years mingled, than to any convictions or reas- onings of his own, he became deeply conscious of the hollowness of it, and remembrances of her words and her counsels came to mind. He turned to his long-neglected Bible, believing he would, like her, find help and comfort. Mother Schlegel supplied him with other books which she thought would aid him ; and young Braun grew day by day more attached to his aunt who was the living image of his de- ceased mother. 5^ RED CARL. Alfred was a zealous searcher after the truth, and his Aunt Schlegel's knowledge of the Bible and its teachings enabled her to meet and van- quish any arguments which modern skepticism had planted in the young man's mind, and in- teresting hours were passed in his room during his enforced absence from his business. In the quietude of his sick room, Alfred re- flected much upon another subject. He noticed the affectionate and obedient manner of Trina toward her parents, her interest in the welfare and happiness of her brothers and sisters ; took heed of her useful and contented life, of her un- tiring industry, her neat and orderly ways, and he loved the gentle girl, and resolved when in a position to marry, to win her for his wife if he could. Trina was also naturally attracted to the one who had saved her life ; he was a nephew of dear Frau Schlegel, whom they all loved, and honored ; he was handsome, and agreeable, and she loved him. Frau Schlegel, whom Alfred had -made his confidant, promised that she would acquaint Herr Neumann with the young people's wishes ; but to the mother it was no surprise, for she had read Trina's heart, and was well satisfied with her choice. So although not formally be- trothed, the parents gave consent to their mar- RED CARL. 53 riage as soon as Alfred was well established in business. Time passed : the glowing summer had de- parted, and the beautiful autumn had taken its place. The woods were glowing in the rich tint of their dying leaves ; an abundant harvest was promised, and the prospect for the winter was full of hope. Yet there was something scarcely understood, which was disturbing the minds of many of the working classes, and which rendered them un- settled and dissatisfied. It was a time when the relations between Capital and Labor were beginning to claim at- tention. In the coal regions, and in the manu- facturing districts of neighboring states, as also in the industrial districts of New England, the working class had united into societies osten- sibly for the support of members in case of need. They also planned a union of the societies into a mighty organization, in the interests of the working man. But the people's minds were not quite clear upon the subject, and many diverse opinions as to the value of the movement were in circulation. It was difficult to tell exactly where the agi- tation arose ; but it is reasonable to suppose that it had its origin in those districts where the workmen had decidedly fortunate situa- 54 RED CARL. tions, and gave free expression to their satis- faction, thus planting seeds of discontent in the minds of those not so well situated. At any rate, the agitation was general ; and it appeared that a secret power kept it on the increase. The movement also made itself felt in Bride- thorp. Pamphlets discussing the labor problem were circulated, and in many families socialistic newspapers found entrance, and were eagerly read. In public houses, clubs, and other places, hours of leisure were employed in talking over the new question. In every company there was generally some uneasy spirit, who, although well situated him- self in regard to occupation, was dissatisfied with the prevailing state of things, and was anxious for any expedient to change it. Such were the spirits in Bridethorp, which as in other places, spread the new ideas, and soon a call for organizing a trades union was formed. The larger portion of the working classes were not eager for a change. The most of them were in friendly relations with their em- ployers, who had in many instances not only advanced them money, but had assisted them in making advantageous purchases for their house- hold. The majority of them felt themselves in much better condition than when in the old country. Their wages were given in accordance RED CARL. 55 with the state of the market for the wares man- ufactured, and were also governed by the cost of living at the time ; so, take it all in all, the most of them desired no change. Contented laborers are not easily won over to revolutionary measures. They are apt to be conservative, and look upon any new movement with distrust. Neither was the new question received with much favor among the families of the working men in Bridethorp, being generally among the idle or contentious only, that the dis- turbance received favor. Just such a contentious, though not idle, char- acter was among Neumann's boarders, by name of Carl Holt. He was a strong, burly, young fel- low, with a not altogether disagreeable counten- ance ; had red hair, and a pair of piercing eyes ; he was quick in his movements, and of nervous temperament. As a good workman and prompt payer, he had been recommended to Herr Neu- mann who had a vacancy in his house at the time ; and with his determined spirit, it was not long before he had complete influence over the young people. From the first moment that he had seen Trina he had admired her, and a smile always illumined his rather sullen visage when his eyes rested upon her. He tried at different times to enter into con- 56 RED CARL. versation with her, but without result ; and when, after silent observation, he became con- vinced that she and Alfred were betrothed, dark looks and sarcastic remarks were given by him whenever opportunity offered. " I am afraid we have taken a black sheep in- to the family," remarked Herr Neumann to his wife one evening when they were alone. "I fear it also," was the reply of Frau Neu- mann. •' Do you notice how his glances follow Trina, and he takes every opportunity to have a word with her. He cannot help knowing that she is the same as betrothed to Alfred." " Yes, but he is one of the kind that prefers forbidden fruit, but Trina is clever enough to settle him if he encroaches, and annoys her," replied the father. " But such a man has it in his power, when his enmity is raised, to do a person much in- jury. That he hates Alfred is very evident. I wish the insolent fellow were well out of the house." "But yet," said Herr Neuman, reflectively, " he has not given us any particular reason to find fault with him ; had he done so we could make short process with him ; and until he does so we cannot dislodge him. I wish, however, that he would take a notion to go ; he is a rest- less disagreeable kind of a fellow. The social- RED CARL. 57 ists have an active helper in him ; he is quick and smart, and has a tongue like a two-edged sword." ** I always notice when the young people are together, that he has the most to say. I think you had better give the boys a word of caution." *' They would not pay much attention to that," said the father. "The young people in these days are so wise that we older people can- not advise." The following day gave proof of the need of the warning of which Frau Neumann had spoken. It was at supper, and " Red Carl " as they all called him when he was not present, made the remark that the workmen in the fac- tory in Flushing had formed a mutual aid society, and they were doing the same in other cities ; and he considered it time that they were also making: a move in that direction. " What do we want of anything of that kind 1 " inquired Herr Neumann, in surprise ; "we have a society for the benefit of such of our members as get sick or disabled, and it is all we could desire, and I as a member have a right to know. They may not have this among the Flushing workmen, but I know several fac- tories that have them, and we certainly do not need another society." " That is so," said Johannes, giving a sharp 58 RED CARL. look at Red Carl, who only replied by a mock- ing smile. " With us the society has been an established fact, and has been a great blessing to many. When my arm was broken I drew my weekly allowance, and I tell you that at such a time, it does double good, and I would advise every one to become a member." . " No, I for one am not such a weak fool," said Carl, angrily ; then controlling himself, he continued in a more moderate tone, **yes, you have your beneficial society, and your invalid's fund, but how } The employers are the leaders in the society ; they manage the funds, and put the money into their business where it pays them ten times as much as they pay out in interest. Therefore it is good policy in them not to allow a dollar to go to any other object than the support of the sick in their own em- ploy. Don't you see that the whole scheme is for their own advantage, and the workmen have to pay the costs } " "That is too strong," said Herr Neumann, excitedly ; " and I will do you the credit to think that you are only repeating the things you have heard ; you certainly have no knowledge of what you are saying. The employer is right in thus being responsible for the care of his ailing workmen. I think they do well to establish the society, and so strongly support it, and make it RED CARL. 5Q a rule that all fines be paid into the treasury. In this way every industrious workman has a fund to call upon iii time of need. Our em- ployers have so far done everything that is right by us, and no one has cause to complain." "Yes, yes," was the sneering reply, "they are pretty shrewd, these employers of ours ; they give us the crumbs and fragments, and ex- pect us to be satisfied ; they keep the half of the profits, and can be very comfortable over the thought that they are our benefactors. A slavish soul may content itself with this state of things, but not I ; " and he struck the table a resounding blow with his fist, " I hate all slave chains, though they be made of gold." " I cannot see where we are slaves," said Alfred Braun, coldly, "we have at least the freedom to go where we please if we are not satisfied here." "We should not better ourselves," replied Red Carl, casting a side glance full of malig- nity upon him, " for the slavery is everywhere. But even among the slaves there is growing to be a freer spirit — ; we are determined not to bend to the will of the moneyed aristrocrats, but take the place in the world for which we are suited." " In my opinion," said Herr Neumann, at the close of this tirade, " the workman and his work 6o ^ED CARL. in this country fills a worthy and important place. The laws protect all alike, and are made to promote the welfare of all. The vote of a poor man is of as much account at the polls, as that of the richest manufacturer, and if we are good citizens we shall command re- spect, and win all the consideration that is due us. Nothing good can come of these unions, which sow discord between the employers and their employees. What kind of a society is this you would have .'* " Red Carl had appeared to take but little in- terest in the remarks of Herr Neumann, now when he heard a question that pleased him, he made haste to reply. " First of all," said he, eagerly, " I would have a union that is not under the control of the employers. I think we workmen are per- fectly competent to look after our own interests, and have no need to have them as guardians over us. They have the workmen under their thumbs, and are very complaisant ; but when they have made all the use of them they can, they throw them away as they would squeezed lemons. The new movement will put an end to all of this. What has made this country what it is if not labor } And the working man shall no longer be the Cinderella of the nation, but shall be as worthy of consideration as RED CARL. 5 1 the Capitalist, and his rights be as freely estab- lished." "And all this shall tend to trades unions, strikes, insurrections, and other disturbances like that prevailing in the coal regions," said Herr Neumann. " I have never seen anything but wretchedness, poverty, and unhappiness come from it." " And where does the fault lie except in the subjection and abject submissiveness of the working men themselves," said Red Carl, his eyes blazing with anger, " if they would be true and faithful and stand by each other, the lords of the money-bags would be brought to reason, and we could dictate our own terms. But as long as each man only cares for himself, and is satisfied with the pitiful living allowed him, and willing to kiss the feet of his oppressors, there will be no end to this slavery." " Listen," said Conrad, angrily interrupting the speaker, " we have heard enough of your abuse, and will tolerate it no longer. Every man in this country is his own master, and you can cease to be a slave if you wish. If the work in the factory does not suit you, the world is wide, and you can go elsewhere. The gov- ernment provides every man with one hundred and sixty acres of land to cultivate, and if not satisfied here, why do you not take advantage 62 RED CARL. of it, and go to farming in the great West, upon your own property. You will find more use for your hands, and less for your tongue." The others laughed at the summing up of the matter, while Red Carl rose with an angry coun- tenance from the table, and went muttering up to his room, and a few moments after, left the house, to seek more congenial companions. Among those he had left, commenced an eager and excited debate, some of them being of the opinion that Red Carl was not so far wrong. They believed that the employers had too much influence over the workmen, who on their part were too easily led. This was all right, providing the employers were just and lib- eral-minded men ; when they were not, factory life was in their opinion almost a slavery. " Well, at all events," said Herr Neumann, " we have as yet no reason to find fault with our employers ; v/hen the time comes we will then consider what is best to be done." With this conclusion, the conference ended, and all sought their needed rest. CHAPTER IV. A SECRET LEADER. Among the laboring classes of Bridethorp, there originated a movement which was not only the expression of a new thought among themselves, but the agitation was accompanied by a plan for organizing a Socialist club. The aims of this new departure were set forth in high-sounding words as designed "to protect by all lawful means the interests of the working people." The officers and ruling spirits of the club were exclusively men of decided free-thinking views, who with considerable ostentation made known their opposition to the church and the views of its adherents. It did not seek to do away with the beneficial societies already established, but professed to have a more extended aim. Weekly meetings were held to which everybody was invited, and in which the social question and kindred topics were discussed. The club also purposed dis- tributing Socialistic pamphlets and newspapers. 63 64 RED CARL. After several of these weekly meetings, they considered that the time had come when a bold stroke should be made to bring the matter to the attention of the public. Large placards announced a great mass meet- ing which was to be held in the interests of the working people. The co-operation of neighboring societies was promised, and the opportunity of hearing prominent speakers was offered. The club evinced a feverish anxiety to make the gathering an immense affair. The largest hall in the town was engaged, and all the clubs were to form and march in procession to it, on the evening of the meeting. Bands of music were to enliven the scene, and banners and regalia add to its attractions. It was evident that the design was not only to put new ideas into the minds of the people, but also by a great demonstration to show the strength and numbers of the laboring class. Invitations were sown broadcast, and every means adopted to excite the curiosity of the people. At length came the long looked for evening. The clash and clang of brass bands brought people to their doors and windows, to see the imposing procession on its way to Lincoln Hall. On all sides the number was increased, and A SECRET LEADER, 65 soon after reaching it the hall was filled to its utmost capacity. The great demonstration did not fail to have its effect upon the public at large. The projectors of it were right in their surmises that although the gathering might not be followed by immediate results, it would set people to thinking ; and they resolved to have the best talent they could obtain, to explain the views of the Socialists. Although curiosity was the motive that had brought many of the peo- ple, there were not a few who wished to take for themselves a look into the much-talked-of labor question as given by them. In the usual expeditious manner, the meet- ing was organized by the choosing of a presi- dent, vice-presidents and a secretary ; and the attention of the audience was then attracted to the speakers of the evening. The first of these was an ex-deputy council- lor of the German Imperial Diet ; who, be- cause of his Socialistic proclivities, had fled to America for protection, and appeared at the meeting as a martyr in the cause of liberty for the working classes. He was greeted with hearty applause. He began his speech with an ingratiating compliment to the American people, who he said could attribute their prosperity to their freedom from the dynasties of the old world, ee RED CARL. and also to other advantages which secured to them the prospect of a happy future. " It was true," he said, " that here also were class dis- tinctions ; there were the moneyed men, and in close proximity to them the miserably paid working class, who had hard work to support their families. But the mighty breath of free- dom could the more easily remove those differ- ences than in the old countries ; and America would be the first nation in the world where the social question would be a success." Then he proceeded to explain in language above the comprehension of the majority of his audience, the whole system of Socialism, and to paint in glowing colors the great good which would result from the movement. Yet it was very evident that the learned gentleman, in spite of the newness of his ideas, could not hold the the attention of his hearers. His fine figure, his well-cared-for hands, and his faultless toi- let, formed a marked contrast to the rough appearance and toil-hardened hands of those for whose welfare he was making this brilliant effort. He had the fault of many learned speakers, of entering into tedious and intricate examinations of the subject ; and indulged in dry statistics, only intelligible to those who like himself understood the subject and the language in which he clothed his remarks. It was not A SECRET LEADER. 67 necessary to the leaders that he should make the subject plain to them ; what they desired was to have it made plain and popular with the masses; and for this purpose it should have -a practical air, and show the benefits to be de- rived from the movement as near at hand. These things his speech failed in, it was not popular ; consequently, they were restless and ill at ease, and it was a great relief to them when the learned gentleman sat down, followed by the good-natured applause of the assembly. The next speaker was better fitted for the task before him ; being a well-known journalist, and a member of the Socialist Propaganda, which had its headquarters in New York, and had come to Bridethorp energetically to for- ward the new movement. His profession enabled him to feel the pulse of the people ; and his aim was to discuss the subject in a manner which would more -closely concern their inter- ests, and work upon their sympathies. His appearance, without being elegant, was respectable, and suitable to the audience whom he addressed ; his voice and manner had their effect, and he possessed to a great degree that magnetism which carries the listener with the speaker, and, more than all, he used words which they could comprehend without effort ; therefore, he was appreciated. He placed him- 68 KED CARL. self among them as a laborer like themselves ; therefore, knew the dignity and value of labor. " What," said he, ** has made this country what it is ? Labor. What has changed it in less than a hundred years from a howling wil- derness to a fruitful garden } Labor." Then the speaker described the different steps by which the development of the resources of the country had been brought about. He showed them that through the labor of the colonists the woods were thinned away, and where they once stood were now waving fields of grain. The great inventions of modern times, with the mighty improvements they had brought about, had paved the way for the pros- perity which was the ruling characteristic of this country. " Now," said he, " I put the question before you, *Who should enjoy the fruit of all this labor } ' The reply is, * The workman who per- formed and yet performs the labor.' Does he enjoy it } Many say * Yes,' but the clear facts say, ' No ! ' " Then the speaker alluded to the Middle Ages, when rapacious noblemen stayed in the stronghold of their castles and rioted upon the proceeds of peasant labor ; even appropriating the merchandize belonging to others. The same element in these times was known by the A SECRET LEADER. 69 name of " Capital." He described the palatial residences, the country seats, the many luxu- ries of the rich capitalist, while the workingman was only allowed the crumbs that fell from his table. He tried to make plain to them that the capitalists were leagued together, and that the country at large was impoverished to fill their coffers. Capital and monopoly were one and the same thing ; they were beasts of prey, and lived by robbery. They raised the price of provisions, and all the necessaries of life, and the whole thing was a conspiracy against the working people. The only hope for the people lay in exterminating them. The aim of the Social Reform was not merely the restriction but the abolishment of capital and monopoly. Property should belong to all in common, each man taking what he needs ; no more, no less. The time might be distant, and it might be brought about only after much tribulation, but it would come ; of that he could assure them. The battle must have a beginning, and the task before them was to place labor in the place in the world to which it was entitled. " If by the present social order of things capital is neces- sary," said he, " so is labor also necessary, and stands side by side with it. The working peo- ple are not slaves, therefore should have a law- ful share of the produce ; not as alms, and 70 RED CARL. depending upon the will of their employers, but as their right." For this aim he called upon the working people to free themselves from this servitude, and thus secure their rights for all future time. To do this it was necessary to band together in the interest of the common cause. Union was strength, and their care for the welfare of future generations required that they throw off the yoke of tyranny, of capi- tal and capitalists, and be free. He finished his remarks with a powerful appeal to the working people of Bridethorp to throw their influence into the contest for labor and its rights. The speaker had been frequently interrupted by marks of approbation, and when he concluded there was such a storm of applause that it was several minutes before the business of the meeting could be continued. The speech was in the opinion of all a masterpiece of eloquence ; although there were many in the audience who were strongly impressed with the evils of such reasoning, and the false representations and exao:o:erations did not advance his theme in their opinions ; but their dissatisfaction was not noticed in the hearty approval. One would have supposed that a general de- bate would have arisen upon a subject so new to many ; but no one appeared anxious to com. mence it ; the audience contenting themselves A SECRET LEADER. 71 with some leading questions which were promptly answered by the president. Some resolutions were laid before the crowd, and some conclusions about to be made, when Herr Graham, a plain-looking old man, asked, although with considerable hesitation, to make a few remarks. This was rather ungraciously granted, and he began by saying that " the last speaker had made some very beautiful remarks, but had forgotten the corner-stone upon which the whole structure rested. God had said that *in the sweat of a man's brow should he eat bread.' Labor is not a curse but a blessing, the proof of the assertion being the civilization of the present time. The working people are the most advanced, the most independent, and the happiest. As to the argument of the last speaker that the social movement would bring about a change in which all persons should be required to work, and all equally enjoy the re- sults of the work, it would only tend to the degradation of labor. A person has but little knowledge of human nature not to know that by such a system the work would of necessity be so limited that it would be impossible to obtain enough to keep from starvation ; there would soon be a state of barbarism, followed by anarchy. This system would entirely ignore a man's indi- viduality and opinions ; there would be no stim- 72 RED CARL. ulus for any one to try to advance in life. It was true that the present system of the workings of capital and labor had its shady side, owing to selfishness ; but that could be improved, and instead of trying to overthrow the system, it would be far better to turn the public attention to rectifying it. Such a plan would soon show practical results, for both sides would be fulfil- ling the command of the Master who said ' Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself.' Without a regard for this rule, all efforts to better the con- dition of mankind will be of no avail." Before the speaker was half through his remarks there was a rustle of dissatisfaction among the Socialists ; and before he had become seated, the speaker who had preceded him sprang up with a very red face and with a voice trem- bling with excitement. " He must," he said, " beg the audience not to be influenced by such old woman's cackle. Were not all monopolists and bloodsuckers, professing Christians } Did not their profession of religion incite them to oppress the masses } With Christianity and other priestcraft, this movement had nothing to do. The people had too long suffered injustice and oppression, but the blow for freedom had now been struck, and they would follow up the advantage until labor had found its rightful place in the world." A SECRET LEADER. 73 The excitement of the speaker and his abuse of religion so increased, that the president found it wise to give him a look to restrain him. The speaker had also recalled to mind that it was not good policy to bring forth thus openly his opposition to religion, which was one of the features of the movement, so stopping suddenly, he remarked that time was passing, and he had some resolutions he wished to place before them, and he was sure that they would see the necessity of organizing. The adherents of the new movement took around the paper, but the greater part of the audience held themselves aloof, and the meet- ings soon after adjourned. "The Capitalists heard for once some strong opinions," remarked one of Neumann's boarders to another, when they returned from the meet- ing and were congregated in the sitting-room, "the morning papers which contain that speech will not be stuck behind the looking-glasses, I'll warrant." " The man was right," was the reply, " the working men must league together, and not longer do without the well-earned proceeds of their labor. What we should demand is fewer hours for work, and a fair return for it." "Yes, and Mondays and perhaps Tuesdays for holidays," remarked Alfred Braun sarcasti- 74 RED CARL. cally, which excited a peal of laughter from the others, for it was well known among them, that the last speaker at the meeting generally made a blue Monday for himself, followed by several days spent in recuperating. "I think," said Red Carl, angrily, "that any- body that is not a coward or a traitor will place himself on the side of the working men. The sycophant may keep himself aloof, but at the right time he will find him." " Ho, ho ! that sounds dangerous, " said Alfred rising and drawing himself up to his full height, "you would go at it with knife and revolver, but would find your attack finished in a shorter time than you think for; it is not every one who will run from babbling fools." " I command you both to be silent, " said Father Neumann as Red Carl was about to retort ; " I will have no quarrelling in my house." Carl muttered something about oppression, but remained otherwise silent. " What did you think of the speeches, Herr Neumann } " inquired one of the men. " I am not learned enough to follow the ideas of the speakers," was the reply. " Many things they said I could not understand, and many others were so visionary that no sensible man could attach any weight to them. The social question is a beautiful thing in theory, but in A SECRET LEADER. 7S order to make it a reality the world and the people in it must be different from what they now are. These plans belong to the kingdom of air-castles and other brain sick fancies. These talks of the oppressions of the capital- ists are one-sided, and in many cases, untrue. Take for example our factory, with its immense buildings and mighty machinery, which has cost thousands of dollars. Such a business requires capital. Every two weeks, our employers have to pay the workmen their wages, they have to buy all the materials to keep the work going, have to take all the risks, and bear all the losses of competition and shrinkage in value, and have the trouble of selling their wares when ready for the market. They may not always have money on hand to buy material, and have to buy on credit at a high rate of interest, all of which discouragements we have nothing to do with, and in their anxieties have no concern. I do not see what we would do without capital and capitalists, for if capital were exhausted, our work would soon be at an end. Moreover, many of the capitalists were working men like ourselves, who through dili- gence and frugality have risen to the place they now occupy. Even now they work as hard as we ; and instead of finding fault with them we should be deeply thankful and grateful that 76 KED CARL. they are able to give us steady employment. It is a great thing for us that they are willing to put their money into business that gives others employment, instead of putting it out on interest and following their own pleasure." " Yes, but our labor brings them in far more " ; cried Carl excitedly, " are you really so simple as to suppose that our employers go into business for the sake of giving people employment } You would see how long they would do so if it did not bring them from fifty to one hundred per cent more than if out upon interest. No ! our employers are not so disin- terested and liberal minded. Let there once be an over supply of skilled workmen, and you would soon see the wages cut down to the starva- tion prices of the old country ; and as is really done now in some of our mining districts." "We will have to wait for the proof of that," said Herr Neuman earnestly ; " and if so I can- not see how your incitings and agitations will help the matter." " We wish to gather together and organize so as to be ready for the time of need, and assist our brothers in misfortune. Do you not see that capital will fetter us more and more until it will be a real slavery } Look at the railroad companies, and what power they pos- sess ! It is their boast that judge and jury can A SECRET LEADER. 77 be bought over to suit their convenience. Look how money rules the market ; and while the Western farmer gets scarcely enough for his products to keep body and soul together, the working man of the East has to pay enormous prices for the necessaries of life. Should we, under these circumstances sit with folded hands, and allow ourselves to be trodden under foot "i " " It is true that there might be some improve- ment," said Herr Neumann, reflectively, " but there will in time be a remedy. Legislation is in the hands of the people, and these matters will all come right. As for revolution, that may do for people who have nothing to lose, but we who have families and a heart for the real wel- fare of the people can lend a hand to no such plans." **The movement will not stand still, and he who refuses to join us will find himself in a worse condition than ever," said Red Carl, mali- ciously, as Herr Neumann arose to retire. " But your speaker said that all property should be a common fund," said Alfred Braun, who had an instinctive dislike to Red Carl ; " but you appear to wish to make of the world a big cheese and rule over it yourself." " Yes, yes ! " said one of the men, while the others joined in the laugh against Red Carl, " he betrays himself too early in the battle." ^8 KED CARL. "Who says we demand such things ?" cried Carl, excitedly. " The future will explain the meaning of his speech, and no one has a right to say we are working for power. Our sole aim is to give labor the place in the world that it merits." " Until now, everybody was satisfied with their position," said Alfred, sharply; ''but croakers and contentious ones have unsettled them, and, through their disturbances, we run the risk of losing our comfortable places. If matters did not suit them here, they should have gone elsewhere." "That depends on the continuance of traitors and cowards handling the oars," said Carl, cast- ing a malicious glance at Alfred, as he left the room. The others remained talking for some time, the all-absorbing theme being the Socialist meeting. Frau Schlegel had come in, and Mother Neumann and the girls took part in the conversation, and expressed their anxiety over the unsettled feeling prevailing around them. " We have obtained our comfortable home by the work of our hands," said Mother Neumann. " and anybody who is industrious and saving can do the same. But strife and disturbances bring nothing but trouble. My husband has read out of the papers to me about these terrible strikes ; and the whole purpose of this restless, A SECRET LEADER. 79 dissatisfied fellow appears to be the desire to stir up something of the kind here." Frau Schlegel also warned the young people to have nothing to do with his schemes. " People," she said, " who indulged in slan- derous attacks against religion were not safe guides for any one ; and those who did not live in the fear of God were not fit to rule others. The way in which they had treated the remarks of the venerable and respected Herr Graham at the meeting, showed what style of people they were." Soon after, the little conference broke up and Frau Schlegel went home. " If we could only get Red Carl out of our house," said Frau Neumann, anxiously, when she was alone with her husband, " I should feel less anxious. He is a real revolutionist, and if you don't get rid of him the others will be of the same mind." " I will take the very first opportunity to ask him to change his place, for we cannot accom- modate him any longer," replied he, and Frau Neumann felt her spirits lighten at his earnest- ness. CHAPTER V. JEALOUSY. A FEW days after the Socialist meeting in Bridethorp, a small, but very earnest company of men, — mostly journalists — were congre- gated in a large room in the third story of a public house in the city of New York. These men constituted the elite corps of the Socialist Propaganda. A robust elderly man of intelligent counte- nance, heavy eyebrows, and a thick gray mous- tache, occupied the president's chair ; while the others — about a dozen in number — were seated upon lounges and settees listening to a report of the meeting at Bridethorp, as given by the popular speaker. After a full statement of all the proceedings of that evening had been laid before the as- sembly, he summed up in a few words his own opinion. "Although," said he, "we did not find that our ideas were received implicitly, yet I think by proceeding with caution we shall succeed. 80 JEALOUSY. gl The employers are shrewd, and seek to bind in every possible way, the interests of their em- ployees. They have their aid society for the benefit of the sick and disabled among their workmen, and a society for the securing of homes for the working men ; over both of which the employers have control. Many of them are already benefited by it, and the most of them appear foolishly partial to their employers. The main desire appears to be the possession of a home of their own, and they look with distrust upon any measure that might hinder it. The wages appear to be enough for their simple tastes, therefore it is not surprising that the agitation has not had much effect. At the same time we found quite a number who could under- stand our aims, and if there should happen to come a dull time, a good many others would follow." "At any rate," remarked the president, "there appears to have been a beginning made there. Our ideas have been sown among the people, and after a time will bear fruit. We have only to keep moving, and people will flock to our standard." " It is true that we have made a beginning," said one of the members, ** but we should make great efforts to get the movement in full tide. The club there was expecting energetic support 82 Rlil^ CARL, from us. Our young friend, Carl Holt, whom we have to thank for originating a Socialist club, and also for our invitation to go there, said to me that in some of the manufactories the workmen were in a state of agitation, and that we should make good use of the disturbed state by some decisive measures." " He is right," responded another, " we should muster our forces, so that at an appointed time we may do some effective work. We must not waste our time in useless skirmishing, which, proving unfavorable, causes our followers to lose heart and become discouraged." "I think," rejoined the first speaker, "that our first effort in Bridethorp has been of no dis- advantage, in fact, will prove of benefit. We have widened our circle by impressing our opin- ions on those who did not before know our aims. Besides it has confirmed the opinions of those already in our ranks, and when the time comes to act, we will be sure of victory, while in the ranks of our opponents will be confusion and dismay." " I would also say," remarked the president, "that we need to use caution if we would not do our cause injury ; at the same time, we need not in every case try to avoid conflict. What do you think we had better do next in Bride- thorp ? " Jealousy. 33 "We must have a union in connection with our organization," replied the popular speaker. " The aid society, already established there will be a foundation for it, and we can make them of use, if we take them in the right way. The union of the different unions is also necessary, because more powerful to resist the influence of the different firms." "Yes we know by experience the value of that plan," remarked the president. " With the gathering of our colleagues, the doubting ones, and those who are weak and irresolute, are made more steadfast, and new spirit infused through- out our ranks. Corporations are doing their share to help on with the work, for never have their oppressions been more openly shown to the people than now. The rise in the price of provisions has opened their eyes, as has also the insolence of the railroad companies, and in fact, the whole gang of monopolists, who have impoverished them, will make working-people realize the necessity of this movement, which has no aim but to secure the good of the masses. We will break the millennial fetters with which they have been bound, and under the powerful march of our laboring battalions will crush the oppressor, and institute a new reign for the working men." A consultation upon ways and means most 84 KED CARL. favorable for advancing the cause followed his remarks, and it was finally decided that two of their colleagues, Bar and Lorimer, should visit Bridethorp, and by making the details of the movement plain to the people, keep up the interest already excited. Then the conference adjourned, and they repaired to the restaurant below, where they took dinner. In the meantime, " our young friend, Carl Holt," since the Socialist meeting in Bridethorp, was carrying a very high head indeed. In a very condescending manner he sought to en- lighten others as to the origin and intentions of the new movement and always found willing listeners. It was true that he sometimes met with vio- lent opposition, and Conrad's ready wit often caused his air-castles to tumble down. Experi- ence after a time taught him a new method of procedure, and it was not long before he had influenced Johannes and also a fellow-boarder to accept of his views. The dislike between Alfred and himself ap- peared to increase with each day. Envy on the part of Red Carl had much to do with this. Alfred was intelligent, well educated, and not only a skilful machinest, but possessed talent in other directions. He had a natural aptitude for invention, and had made many improve- JEALOUSY. 3^ ments in the machinery, which had drawn at- tention to him, and it was looked upon as an assured thing that he would in time be made foreman. By one class of the working men he was esteemed for his friendly and genial manner, while there were others who thought him dis- tant and supercilious ; and Red Carl tried to in- crease the number by saying things to injure him in their opinion. Alfred caught many un- friendly looks, and knew he had an enemy in Red Carl. He was convinced of this when one morning he found that his work had been tam- pered with, and suspected Carl to be the guilty one. He resolved to keep silent, hoping by so doing to be more certain that it was he who had done him the evil. It was natural that he should suspect him be- cause of the dislike existing between them ; in- creased on the part of Alfred from the fact that Trina had seemed to forget the dislike she had for Red Carl when he first came to her father's house, and was more friendly toward him, and Alfred, in consequence, was jealous and miserable. One day he could restrain his anxiety no longer, and spoke to Trina about it, but in such an abrupt, and as she considered dictatorial way, that she resented it. It was the first mis- 86 RE^ CARL. understanding that had come between them ; both thought themselves in the right, and sev- eral days went by while they remained cold and reserved with each other. Red Carl was re- joiced at this break in their friendship, and resolved to do all he could to keep them at variance. On the following day, after making this reso- lution, Alfred had some repairs to make upon the machinery, and could not leave the factory for some time after the others had reached Neumann's. The moment he came, and entered the sit- ting-room, a smile went round the circle of his fellow-workmen gathered there. " What is it } " said Alfred, somewhat dis- turbed, " what are you laughing at } " "Oh, nothing worth speaking of," said one of them in reply. " But I wish to know," said he, glancing from one to another. " I would advise you," whispered one of them who was very friendly toward Alfred, " to keep an eye on the Red Carl. Not every one has the dislike to a red head that you have." A look directed Alfred's attention to the garden, where Carl and Trina were engaged in an apparently friendly conversation. After a time Trina entered the house, and JEALOUSY. Sy Alfred stepped immediately into the garden and addressed Red Carl. " What have you been saying to Trina ? " said he, in a commanding way. " I do not know that I am obliged to give an account to you," was the reply, in a mocking tone. "Yes, you are ; and I demand it of you. He is a mean, abject wretch that tries to win the affections of a girl who is betrothed to another." "You can keep that pet name for yourself," replied Carl, coolly. " It does hot look much like a betrothal, therefore I took the liberty of having some pleasant chat with Fraulein Trina, and she seemed quite well satisfied, and asked me to carry a basket for her." Alfred turned and went swiftly to the house, followed by a sardonic smile from Red Carl. " Why did you ask a favor of Red Carl ? " said he abruptly, "you know how impudent and presuming he is." " Listen, Alfred," said Trina, while tears of wounded feeling rushed to her clear blue eyes, and her color rose ; " Carl came into the garden just as I was about to leave it with a basket of fruit, and I asked him to carry it, just as I would have asked one of my brothers had he been there. I consider you unreasonable, if not unjust." SS RED CARL. " Yes, I suppose so ; but I do not wish you to accept service from him, and I request you to have nothing to say to him." The commanding tone aroused the womanly pride of Trina. " Your commands shall be nothing to me, for we are not yet married," said she, with flashing eyes, " nor shall we ever be, while you speak to me in that manner ; " saying which she left the room, and Alfred returned to the sitting- room, where he was greeted with a satirical laugh from Red Carl. Alfred passed on to the table and ate his sup- per, but saw nothing of Trina; and after he had finished, and the family met in the sitting-room, they never so much as glanced at each other, a proceeding which, after a time, attracted the at- tention of Herr Neumann. The next day Trina kept up the same reserve with Alfred, while of the artful and obsequious Carl, she took no more notice than usual, but did not avoid him. Carl, however, after that evening, had no opportunity to give Alfred cause for jealousy, for he was too busily engaged in business of his own that suited him exactly ; and as soon as his supper was over at Neumann's he spent his evenings where he could meet workmen of other trades, and zealously worked to dissemi- JEALOUSY. 89 nate his socialist ideas. Quite often Johannes accompanied him, and as they always returned in suitable time and in an orderly manner, Herr Neumann did not consider that he had any right to interfere with the freedom of his eldest son. Carl was always receiving books and pam- phlets which he faithfully distributed, and which were read by the family as well as by others. In the meantime, the leaders of the move- ment worked with all diligence to establish the union, and as the employers had so much influ- ence in the aid society, they felt they must go about it with much caution. In many of the manufactories the subject of founding unions had been already discussed, and many of the working men were so anxious to have a society organized that it was no diffi- culty to get them to consent to extending its aims beyond the mere aid and support in case of need, which was all that the few existing socie- ties agreed to do. In every community there are people who though not ranking with many others in intelli- gence and observation, yet by their domineer- ing and passionate manner of advancing any views they think best, draw the more intelligent and better element into following their lead. There were some of this disposition in the go RED CARL. Socialist movement, and in their leisure time they met other workmen, in their boarding- houses, at the meetings, saloons, and other pub- lic places, and zealously spread their ideas. At length the time came to organize the unions, and the leaders took good care that the constitution of each should contain a paragraph which would designate them as branches of the main society, and as such, subject to its control. It was rather flattering to a majority of them to be united to the large assembly of working men, and the advantage of it appeared so plain that they were highly pleased. A few voices were, however, raised in protest ; desiring that their respective unions should be solely for the benefit of their own members, and that no self- seeking, politics, or outside influence should interfere with its management. These malcontents were informed, in sneering manner, that if they were not satisfied to do as others had done, they could forego the bene- fits of the union, and their company be easily dispensed with ; and the president of the meet- ing in his closing speech clinched the matter for them. "The constitution," he said, *'had been drafted with an aim to the best interests of the working people ; a strong majority had accepted it, and he hoped they would see the JEALOUSY. QI necessity of standing by it and by each other, and through no indifference or treachery be a traitor to the cause. Success and victory could only be possible through a united interest ; and the members must look upon any one as an enemy who made an effort to loosen the bond that united them into a society. People said many beautiful things about neutrality, but in a battle, and with the enemy advancing, one can- not be patient with the class of people who hold back." These fundamental points were of practical and immediate use ; new spirit was infused into the halting and dilatory ones, who realized that it was the best policy to unite with the strong- est party if they wished to live in any credit with their fellow-workmen. After that point was gained, the leaders pro- ceeded to the second part of the programme ; and that was to prevail upon the already estab- lished unions to unite with them. This, they knew, would be a difficult task, because those unions included the most intelligent and pro- gressive part of the working men. Diligent and skilful artisans in places that suit them, do not long for changes, and some of them made their objections known. *'In our union," said one, "we plan our own affairs after our own wishes, and if we unite with 92 RED CARL, this union we shall have to be governed by it, and shall not be our own masters." This and other objections were made by the older members, but the young and ardent were eager for the alliance, and the discussion, which lasted several weeks, brought up a stir and ex- citement which was very agreeable to them. "What is all this fuss and contention about?" inquired Frau Schlegel, one evening, as she entered the house of Herr Neumann, and sank weariedly into a chair that Trina had brought for her ; " I can't see what has come over the people. Everything is strife, and everybody unsettled. They talk about the interests of the working people, and I really don't know what they mean. Why can't they tell us in good, honest German what they are trying to do .•* I thought, till now, everybody was satisfied, and had reason to be. Everybody has employ- ment, so far as I know, and a little laid up for a rainy day. What is it the people want } Have they fared so well that they have grown arrogant } " " You say you don't understand it, Frau Schlegel," said Carl Holt, hastily, " well, I will explain it to you. Until now the employers have piped for us, and we had to dance ; now we in- tend to pipe for ourselves." " And you expect the employers to dance to JEALOUSY. 9J your music, do you?" questioned Frau Schlegel, defiantly, at which the others laughed. " Not exactly that," replied he, reddening ; *' but we working men must have our rights ; we are not slaves or machines ; we are pro- ducers, and the employers could not do without us." "And what could you do without the em- ployers } " said Frau Schlegel. " I am an old woman," continued she, " and do not under- stand these new changes ; but I do know that no good will come of them, nor of this restless, dissatisfied spirit that has come over you all. God's command is * servants, obey your mas- ters,' and in several places in God's word, we are commanded to obey those in authority over us." " Masters ! " said Red Carl, contemptuously, knowing well that it would not do to give fur- ther expression to his disregard for religion in the presence of Frau Schlegel. " Do you con- sider it right for the employers to take the fruit of our labor and live in every luxury, while the working man, with the pitiful wages doled out to him, can scarcely get the necessaries of life.?" "Yes, yes, my young friend," said Frau Schlegel, " but where is your proof of this } Look -at this home which Herr Neumann has 94 RED CARL. bought with the wages you look down upon ; could you not do the same if you would try ? " "Yes, but we could advance faster if we should receive the wages that we really earn," said Carl, whi'e the others nodded approval. " What do you consider suitable wages ? Do you wish the employers to give you all their profits? Do you suppose they never have losses ? Are you willing to assume them also ? Have not many firms become bankrupt ? With all the expenses they have to meet, their profits are many times very small ; and I doubt if any of you would be as well satisfied to share with them instead of being regularly paid wages as you are now, and when losses came, I know you would be dissatisfied. Really, the men who have stirred up this trouble have done you all a great injury, by making you dissatisfied and unfaithful to your employers." "You are right, Frau Schlegel," remarked Herr Neumann, " the young people deserve all the scolding you can give them. If they had families depending upon them they would not be so eager to risk losing their situations." " I cannot see the use of making a disturb- ance," said Alfred, casting a look of dislike at Red Carl ; " we are not oppressed, and our employers do not meddle with us. These self- appointed reformers should wait until called JEALOUSY. Q5 upon for their help, we have not as yet had need of them. They would soon make an end of our society funds if they got a chance to put their hands in it." '* Yes," replied Red Carl, hotly, " I am glad to say we don't belong to the class of syco- phants who are so good before their employers, in order to advance their own interests, and those who don't agree with them are sneered at and condemned. It is a mean sneak who tries to undermine us in the opinion of others." "I think you should apologize for your remarks," said Johannes, looking angrily at Alfred. " I have not mentioned any names," said Alfred, ''why do you think I alluded to any one here .'* " "You meant our club," said Red Carl, spite- fully. ** He would not have spoken so earnestly, had he not intended hitting some of us," re- marked Conrad. " Have not your speakers and writers openly declared that property is unequally divided } " said Alfred, defiantly. " If a new division were to be considered, would our society fund be passed by } " Both combatants became so furiously angry that it bade fair to come to blows, when Herr 96 KED CARL. Neumann exerted his authority and commanded silence. The company soon after separated with bitter feelings, and Herr Neumann saw that what he had so often intended must now be done. So the following morning he told Red Carl that he must seek another boarding-place, for he could accommodate him no longer. He was too sin- cere to keep from him the cause of his dismis- sal, but told him sharply, that in his own house he would have peace at any price, and as he could not have it under existing circumstances, Carl must leave. " And do you really flatter yourself that you are getting rid of me.-*" said Red Carl, jeer- ingly. " If you do not want me here, of course I can leave; but I will not give way to that malicious sneak whom you have taken into your heart, and when the right time comes I will teach him something he will not forget." With these words he left the room, slamming the door behind him. That evening the Neumanns found that he had taken board at the house of their nearest neighbor, and they knew that he had remained in the neighborhood in order to keep his in- fluence over the younger members of Neu- mann's family. Although the Socialist agitation was followed JEALOUSY. 97 by many just such evil results, the mischief- makers were not mistaken in their calculations, that all would result as they had planned. In a few weeks the greater number of the Unions were won over to their way of thinking, extra meetings were called, and although not without some difficulty, they were all united, and the constitution was such as the Socialists desired. Not a few of the older members wondered that the leaders considered it necessary to establish a separate bureau, and appoint a secretary who was also to act as agent. " What is the use of it } " was questioned by many of the older members, when the year was passing away, and the appointment appeared to be of no practical use. But it was signified to them that a secretary was something that could not be dispensed with ; for the regulating of the affairs of the union, and for the correspondence with distant unions, it was necessary to have some one who understood all the workings of the system. They had, they said, taken care to select one in whom they had confidence ; so the working men of Bridethorp had a mutual bureau, and a sec- retary whose salary was a very important item ; a fact occasionally commented upon. "The work is well worth what I demand for my services," said he, when questioned, " the 98 RE^ CARL. writing and correspondence involves a great outlay, which is increasing all the time." A new proclamation was given out before the congregated working people, and that was, that every member should use his influence in zeal for the union. Those who were active workers in this cause should be gainers by it, and when one was found who was negligent in promoting and forwarding its interests, his fellow-workmen must do their utmost to influence him, and make it impossible for him to resist the pressure. It was the open wish of the secretary that every working man in Bridethorp should belong to the union. Many were dissatisfied with these changes ; and many of the older members were chagrined that by the founding of this union of unions, strangers had authority over them, and were allowed to associate with the principals and leaders, in place of themselves, who in their own union had been influential. The agitation had unceasingly pretended to secure the rights of the working men, and so far as they could see, nothing was being done for them ; while large sums were going out for the support of strange strikers. There was another subject which was a great anxiety to them. One of the first steps of the ofiftcers of the new organization was the taking JEALOUSY. 99 of the funds of the Society under their own management. Heretofore the employers in the different manufactories where there were un- ions, had managed the funds for them ; but under the new state of affairs, a committee was selected to wait upon the employers, and re- quest them to surrender the funds. But the employers were unanimous in their declarations that they did not own the unions, and had no right to say what should be done with the funds. They informed the committee that the workmen themselves were the only ones who had a right to say where the money should be placed ; if they wished it removed, the employers would have nothing to say against it. In accordance with this, the local unions were all called, and as the majority in each de- cided to go against the employers, the money was placed in the hands of the new organization, and another tie which had bound employer and employee was broken. CHAPTER VI. AUNT SCHLEGEL's ADVICE. "You don't understand women's hearts," said Frau Schlegel one evening to her nephew, when he sought her humble home to tell her of his anxieties, and to seek advice and sympathy ; "you should have had confidence in Trina, and not allowed your jealousy of Carl to influence you, and make you unjust to her." " But do you advise me to stand aside while that conceited, insolent fellow is encouraged by her notice to insult me, and then boast of it to others ? " " You must be proof against his boasting ; and as for Trina, I think I know her well, and have every respect for her. I am sure she cares nothing for Red Carl, but he was a boarder in her father's house, and so long as he treated her respectfully, she had no right to slight him. I believe her to be entirely indif- ferent to him, but she is of self-reliant nature, and your harsh treatment will drive her away from you." 100 AUNT SCHLEGEVS ADVICE. iqi " I think now that I was too hasty ; but I was so provoked by Carl's presumption. What had I better do about it ? I have tried several times to be friendly with her, but she is so dis- tant and reserved, that I cannot get the oppor- tunity. Yesterday, I tried to have some conver- sation with her, but she told me coldly, to leave her in peace; and when I would have said some- thing more, she arose and left the room." " Then the best course for you to take," said his aunt, as she adjusted her spectacles, to re- sume her knitting ; " is to take her at her word, and go about your usual employments as though nothing had occurred to mar the peace which existed between you. Red Carl is out of the house now, and will be no more in your way." "That is exactly what troubles me the most," replied Alfred, anxiously; "he has quartered himself in the nearest house, and watches every opportunity to see Trina, and I believe Johannes helps him. Johannes is completely wrapped up in Red Carl, and would do anything he was bidden. He goes to all the Socialist meetings with him." Frau Schlegel shook her head reflectively at this. " These Socialists are a turbulent set, and I hope you will never get mixed up with them," said she. " The Neumanns, I know, are anxious I02 RED CARL. because Johannes is in with them. He is a good boy, but his character is not decided ; he is easily influenced and, I fear, will be led astray." " You need give yourself no anxiety about me," replied the young man, somewhat petu- lantly; " I have no affinity for them in any way ; but I am anxious about Trina ; can you not give her a word of warning } You could, at least, advise her not to have anything to say to Red Carl." " I do not think that would be a very dignified manner in which to proceed, neither do I think it would be any advantage to you. It seldom does good to meddle with other peoples* affairs. It is evident that the Neumanns do not like to have him there, or they would not have sent him away. Trina is always very confidential with me, and it may be she will speak of her own free will to me about it ; but unless she does, it would in my opinion be very unwise to say anything to them about it." Alfred said nothing, but his aunt saw that he was far from satisfied. *' Believe me, Alfred," said she, " urging will do no good in this case. The best plan is to go serenely about your work, and all will come right. I know it is trying to young people to be thus patient, and put a curb upon their feel- ings, but have trust in God ; if He has ap- AUNT SCHLEGEVS ADVICE. 103 pointed that Trina shall be yours, then is her affection for you not extinguished. You must have your share of vexations, disappointments, and trials in this life ; and, believe me, they are much easier to bear if you take all your care to God. You have said that your mother trusted in God ; she prayed much for you, and I trust her prayers will be answered. The way of trouble often leads to Him. Take it not to heart that I do not strive to make an effort to help you ; if I could see my way clear to be really a help, I should rejoice ; for there is no one I would rather see your wife than Trina." Frau Schlegel could not tell what impression her words had made upon him ; but his manner was friendly as usual when he bade her good- night. She could only hope that her advice was not illy received. Alfred had in the happy careless days of childhood received much good advice from his mother, and, in those happy circumstances, it had made much impression. As long as his mother lived, he had remained true to these teachings ; but she was gone, and until he met his aunt, he had been alone in the world. Be- tween those two periods, he had been with skeptical and free-thinking young men; had read the irreligious literature which they read, I04 RED CARL. and the sweet influences which had surrounded his youth were dimmed. Yet amid all, he respected the religion which had been a com- fort to his mother, and did not let it slip wholly out of his life. Now he had met the first real trouble of his manhood. He feared he was about to lose the maiden to whom he had given his best affections. He felt that he could do battle with the whole world to win her, yet could only be silent and wait ; which he felt was the greatest trial that he could be called upon to endure. He went home and sought his room, but not to rest. His mind was troubled, and the words of his dead mother and his aunt arose to his mind and excluded all thoughts of sleep. He had been taught at his mother's knee to commit to memory the words, " Cast all your care upon God, for he careth for you." " All your care," thought he ; " happy is he who can cast all care upon God. But if care were cast upon Him, dare a person have his own will } No, he must put with the care, his hopes and wishes into the hands of the Almighty, and have faith that what he wills is for the best. Yes, a religion which gives one confidence that one's wishes shall be gratified is very pleasant, but to lay upon the altar the dearest wish of one's heart, and say, — ' Lord, not my will but AUNT SCIILEGELS ADVICE. 105 thine be done ; ' ah ! that would indeed be a cross to the natural heart." All through the long night, these thoughts were holding conflict in the mind of Alfred ; and he arose weary and unrefreshed, with the consciousness that only by the full offering of his will to God would he find peace. While he had thus battled in sleepless anxiety, he had heard words which did not tend to relieve his feelings or calm his troubled heart. It was after midnight when a noise outside the house, and then the sound of a latch-key in the outer door attracted his attention. This was followed by the voice of Johannes, in somewhat unsteady tones bidding some one good-night. ** Good-night ! " was the answer, in the voice of Red Carl ; "■ and don't forget what I told you." *' Don't worry, Carl ; you shall be my brother- in-law, and we will yet be even with that sneak, Alfred Braun ; " and with these words Johannes ascended the steps to his room, and sank upon his bed without removing his clothing. " What noise was that I heard last night } " inquired his father the next morning at break- fast. " It must have been two o'clock, and who- ever it was seemed unsteady upon his feet; I don't like this coming in so late ; " and he threw a searching look around the table. I06 RED CARL, Johannes turned very red, which did not es- cape his father's notice. " What is the matter with you ? " he said, "are you sick ?" " I don't feel very well," said he. " I think I must have taken cold." Conrad came to his assistance, and saved a scene by introducing another subject in which all took part, and when the meal was finished, the men went back to their work. It was not the first time that Johannes had come home in that condition, nor was it the last. Red Carl had much influence over him, and took him not only to the Socialist Clubs, but when their meetings were over, they ad- journed to the saloons, and other public houses, where the agitators of the movement went to discuss the situation of affairs. Sometimes Johannes brought Red Carl home with him, who as his friend was received in a friendly manner ; and as he was on his best be- havior while there, and could be, when he chose, witty and agreeable, his society was not un- welcome to Trina, particularly as she saw that it gratified Johannes to see her friendly with him. Trina was willing to be in his society in the company of others ; but if by chance she caught his glance resting upon her, she was filled with AUNT SCHLEGEL'S ADVICE. 107 unaccountable aversion, and contrasted him in her mind with Alfred, in whose society she always felt happy and contented. Then she reflected, and questioned her heart in regard to Alfred. " Was it not foolish that such a small offence should break their friend- ship .^ What had she against him, that this coolness should be kept up } It was true that he was harsh and unjust, but was it not his love for her that had driven him to it .-* She had heard her brothers speak of the respect shown his ability and industry, and had known that it was whispered among the employees that he would be chosen foreman. Alfred was not so demonstrative toward her as Carl was ; never showed her the little attentions which Carl was always waiting to give her. Did she then love Red Carl } His manner pleased her ; but was that love } " The girl sighed deeply, as she thought of Johannes, aujJ of his anxiety that she should dis- card Alfred for his friend Carl. He was using every effort to advance that friend in her good opinion, and his importunities worried her. The Socialist Club of which Carl was a mem- ber was to give a ball, and he had set his heart upon taking Trina, and one evening accom- panied Johannes home in order to invite her. "I never have gone to balls," replied she, I08 KED CARL. decidedly, ** and can Inake no exception in your favor." ** But this is not a public affair," said he, in an angrily disappointed tone, "it is given by the members of our Club, and none but those whom they invite will be there." " My father and mother would object to my going to balls ; and even if I were willing to go, they would not give their consent." So Carl went away deeply chagrined, and the same evening Johannes took his sister to task for her refusal. " Why did you not accept Carl's invitation } " said he, angrily, "it was very unkind in you to treat a friend of mine in that way." " I do not go to balls, as you know, and father and mother have never been willing to have us go. More than that, I do not think I should be treating Alfred right." " Why so .? " said he, in apparent surprise, " I thought you did not care for him. Carl deserves some attention for the friendliness he has always shown us." " I do not consider that the friendship be- tween myself and Alfred is broken," said Trina, sharply, "at any rate, I shall remain at home." " Why will you be so silly } " said Johannes, angrily. " You have had one fuss with Alfred, why will you make up with him again } I AUNT SCHLEGEVS ADVICE. 109 would not be so anxious to be friends with a sneak who currys favor with his employers, and thus puts the other workmen to a disadvantage. Now, there is Carl, an entirely different man. He is full of courage and energy, and all the time ready to fight in defence of the working man. There is no comparison between them." " You are right," said Trina, decidedly. " Al- fred, it is true, does not join in this hue and cry against his employers, neither does he spend his leisure time in drinking saloons, nor come home late and stagger upstairs to his room. I know somebody who had better follow his example." *' My spare time is my own," replied Johannes, " and I shall spend it as I please, and you need not trouble yourself about me. And be- sides," said he, striking his clenched fist upon the table, "you may oppose or not, but you shall be Carl's wife ; I have promised him." The young girl gave a surprised look into her brother's face, then broke into a merry peal of laughter. " What are you laughing at } " inquired he, his voice trembling with mortification. " In order to marry me, he must have my consent, and that he will never get," she re- plied, as she turned to leave the room just as her father entered. no RED CARL. "What is it?" questioned he, "you look as though you had been quarrelling." With burning blushes and tear-dimmed eyes, Trina told him the conversation, and concluded by saying that she did not wish her brother to speak to her in that manner. " Well," replied her father, " I did not know that you had such an aversion to Red Carl. I thought you were well pleased to have him come here, and have not wondered that Alfred was jealous and unhappy." " I have never invited Carl to come here," re- plied Trina, resolutely, " neither have I any right to forbid his coming. When he paid me any attentions I took them for what they were worth ; but never thought of marrying him. This is your house, and you have a right to receive whom you choose." Herr Neumann could not restrain a smile at her earnestness, for it was so agreeable to him to hear of her lack of interest in Red Carl. "I am glad of it," said he, "and I wish Johannes would stay away from him ; he is a mutinous fellow, and will come to no good end." " I see no harm in him," remarked Johannes, doggedly ; " he is true to his friends — the work- ing men." ** I am sure he is of no advantage to you," re- A UNT SCHLEGEVS AD VICE. 1 1 1 plied Herr Neumann, sharply; "you are in a fair way of becoming like them, by following the lead of these mischief-makers." " These people are not mischief-makers," cried the young man, with eyes flashing with anger and excitement ; " at least not more than were the great reformers of all times. They merely point out our rights, and shall we always be in subjection to the rich ? Have we not a right to provide for our own interests ? He is true to his comrades ; he is no hypocrite and sycophant, but stands true and faithful to his fellow-workmen." " Well, if their teachings have no better re- sults to show than what I see in you, I hope they will stay away from us. You are not the same boy you were a short time ago ; I fear it will end in your being a vagabond." ** That to me t " cried the young man spring- ing to his feet. " Have I not worked as you and Conrad have done .'* Have I not brought home the wages which I have received every two weeks "i And yet, with the little pocket money which you have allowed me to keep, you are not willing that I should have a little pleasure ; and now say I am a vagabond." " Be quiet ! " commanded his father. " I do not wish to be unjust to you, neither did I say you were a vagabond ; I said the way you are in, 112 RED CARL. and the company you keep leads to it. Just think ; would it not be better for you to use your pocket money in the cultivation of your mind than to spend it in dissipation and in run- ning after those brain-sick mischief-makers who will lead you into trouble ? Take Alfred for example ; he has made for himself a good posi- tion in the manufactory, which he could not have done had he followed these agitators. I heard yesterday that the bosses were certainly going to make him foreman." " I would rather stay back, than to receive favors for treachery to fellow-workmen, and for humbling myself for the sake of receiving them," said Johannes, defiantly. "You shall not thus defame Alfred," said Herr Neumann; "it is only the meanness of his enemies that brings these charges against him, because he will not go with them against our employers. It is his good actions alone that have brought him into favor ; that I have been witness of myself." " At any rate I shall not take him for an ex- ample," replied Johannes. " He is against the workmen, and I might as well say now as at any time, that I am tired being in leading strings. I think I am old enough to act for my- self, and if my friends are not welcome to your house, I can seek some other boarding-place." AUNT SCHLEGEVS ADVICE. 113 ** But you will not leave us, Johannes ? " cried his mother, who had come into the room in time to hear his last sentence ; " Surely, you will not leave us ? " " Oh, Johannes, how can you say these things ? " said Trina, bursting into tears. " What have we done ? " said the mother, also weeping. " Are you not to us, just as our other children } Have we not shared everything with you, and always welcomed your friends to the house } Oh, this comes of associating with those miserable people ; they have changed you so, that you are willing to turn your back on those who love you best." *' Now you see yourself that I cannot stay here," said Johannes, bitterly. ** I am a mu- tineer, and bid fair to be a vagabond ; and Alfred, * the good, diligent Alfred,' can take my place here. To be sure, he will not have to help care for the whole family ; he has only himself to provide for, and that he does. So you can take him in, and I can shift for myself." **Oh, how unjust you are," said Trina, wiping the tears from her eyes ; *' you are, and will always be the dear brother, do as you will. You should be ashamed to speak as you do. If you are not satisfied, why not tell us what you wish, and we will all do the best we can. You remind me of the prodigal son in the New 114 ^^^ CARL. Testament ; take care that you do not fare as he did." " Oh, Trina," said her brother, sneeringly. " I did not know you were such a Bible scholar. You will be a preacher after a while, and can preach to us poor sinners." " Cease your mocking, Johannes," said Herr Neumann, severely ; *' would that we could hear more of religion and less of that wretched busi- ness which these new people are stirring up." " It is enough," added the mother, in a trou- bled voice. " I see how it stands ; these people have completely weaned you from us, whom you consider dull and unlearned. It is a great trial, which, I suppose, we must bear as best we can." Johannes made no reply, and there was silence for a time in the little room. "You are right," at length said his father; you are old enough to care for yourself, and we have no right to have control over you. But I cannot stand by and see the injury it would be to you to remain from under the home roof. Remain here, if you will, and pay me the board you think right ; and all that remains of your wages use as you think best. Only, I pray you, bring not Red Carl again to my house. He shall at least do us no more harm than he has already done, if we can prevent it ; and I will pray that you may never have cause to regret this step." AUNT SCHLEGEVS ADVICE. IIS With these words Herr Neumann left the room, and Johannes, the house ; and although he remained out as late as usual, there was no sign of drunkenness in his step or manner when he returned. CHAPTER VII. A PLEASANT SURPRISE. The opinion of Herr Neumann in regard to the promotion of Alfred was not without foun- dation, although it was some time before the change was made. The pause which generally comes between the ending of the manufacture of the winter wares, and the beginning of those for summer, had been longer that year than it had ever been in that factory. This stagnation was due in part to the unsettled condition of the operatives, but as the time went on, the season gradually took on its usual activity. One day Alfred was called into the office of Mr. Amherst — the senior member of the firm — who opened the conversation by saying that' in acknowledgment of his skill, business qualifi- cations, and general trustworthiness, they had decided to offer him the position of foreman. " Your diligence and uniform good conduct deserves this," said Mr. Amherst ; " and we are confident that you will be faithful to the in- ii6 A PLEASANT SURPRISE.. \\>j terests of the firm, and I must also say that we have another reason for advancing you to this position. We believe you to be self-reliant, and that you have a firm and well-balanced char- acter. At this time we need some one who is not only a skilful workman, but we require a sensible and reliable man. Will you take the place } Your salary will be the same that we give other foremen." Alfred thanked Herr Amherst for the confi- dence expressed, and accepted the post. He then waited to receive instructions in regard to his new duties. " You know in a good measure what is expected of you ; and we will communicate to the workmen what we wish them to know in regard to it." Then after a pause of reflection he continued, " perhaps it is better to mention to you what we have already said to our other foremen. You are aware that our employees are in a dis- turbed state, owing to the Socialist agitation which is prevailing among them. We have paid them such wages as have heretofore satis- fied them ; but, through the self-seeking aims of these men, they have become discontented. We wish to treat all our employees well, and give them the best wages we can afford. But as you know, the market value of our wares o:overns the wajres ; and it is the foundation of Il8 RED CARL. our existence as a firm, that we hold the con- trol of that matter ourselves. We have nothing against the workmen taking interest in their own affairs, and taking counsel with each other, but we will not tolerate strangers meddling be- tween our workmen and ourselves. We wish nothing of those people at this time ; we only wish to make plain to them the standpoint be- tween ourselves and our employees." The following day a posted placard announced in the usual manner to the employees, that Al- fred Braun had been chosen as foreman ; and with the announcement was a request to the workmen in his department of the business, to respect his orders as a representative of the firm. Although the announcement was not wholly unexpected, yet it created some excitement. In the pauses of the work the subject was eagerly discussed, and the opinions were by no means always favorable. Although they knew his fitness and capability for the position, yet many of them, particularly the older workmen, felt themselves neglected and aggrieved that a young man was placed over them, and malicious feelings which they had harbored against him were by this opportunity freely expressed. " That is a quick promotion," remarked one of these on his way home, to a group of men A PLEASANT SURPRISE. j jq who were on their way to Neumanns. " If he gets along that way he will make his mark in the world." "This promotion is not unexpected," re- marked Conrad Neumann. "The firm really owed it to him in acknowledgment of his in- ventions and improvements ; and no one will say that he has not deserved his place. He has never shown any perverseness toward us, and I believe as foreman, he will do the best he can for us all." " I have my own thoughts about that," re- marked Red Carl. " I have barely tolerated the * pet.* I know this kind of people ; while they are seeking for some favor they cannot show enough respect to their fellows ; but let them once gain their object, and you find to your sor- row that they are perfect tyrants." "We all know that you have no love for Alfred," said Conrad, " and I for one know the cause. It was in the natural order of things that he was made foreman, and your prejudice will not hinder others from thinking as I do." "And I find the course anything but natural," said Red Carl venomously. " You may be sim- ple enough to ascribe his promotion to his ser- vices, I think otherwise ; and we will see who is right. The inventions which we are asked to believe have advanced him so much, are not his 120 I^ED CARL. own ideas, and that the bosses well know. He has used the ideas of others, and older and more experienced workmen are made to stand back, while he is placed in command over them. The employers think by this to bind him to their in- terests. Just say ; how has Alfred Braun acted in regard to our union } Has he ever said one word for the rights of the working man .? Has he not always been opposed to our best men } I say to you that you have not only a traitor in him, but also a slave-driver, who had better not meddle with me, or I will tear the hypocritical mask from his face." " Of course," said Conrad, sarcastically, " any- body who does not agree with you agitators and quarrellers, is a traitor and slave-driver. You are in your own opinion, the only true friends to the people. If we will only follow your lead our fortunes will be made ; but let me tell you, Carl, that, notwithstanding the great number of people which you and your compatriots have fooled, there are plenty of working men who do not look through your spectacles, but can think for themselves. And in the case of our new foreman, if you were to call upon those whom you think opposed to him you would find it a very small number." ** Bah ! " sneered Carl, contemptuously, " you speak as you understand, Alfred and yourself A PLEASANT SURPRISE, 121 are great friends, as everybody knows. Per- haps with the help of your friend, you can also be raised to the position of a small tyrant. I congratulate you in advance." **If I did get such a place," said Conrad warmly, " it would be quite as honorable in my eyes and those of other honest people, as that of a well-paid agent of a set of men who humbug misguided working people." This home thrust was too much for Red Carl, and in a towering passion he tried to gain time for an explanation of Conrad's sally. But the workmen were dropping off in different direc- tions to their boarding-houses and homes, and did not appear inclined to listen. ** Now see here, Carl," said Conrad, before disappearing inside his own door, " it doesn't look well for you to get so angry if my charges against you are not just, and all your exertions are out of pure love for us working people." Muttering some not very complimentary things, his adversary passed on to his own boarding-house, while Conrad laughingly related the little episode to the others gathered around the table. Alfred, who had remained at the factory for some time after the others, in order to gain some information in regard to his duties, now came in, and was heartily congratulated by the Neumanns. 122 R^D CARL. Frau Neumann had heard early in the day, of Alfred's promotion, and celebrated it by a rich supper. Upon the snow-white cloth appeared all the silver, which only upon rare occasions like the present was brought forth. Johannes made several malicious observa- tions over this evidence of rejoicing, which were received by Alfred in silence, and by a look from his father, which put a stop to more com- ments of the kind. Frau Schlegel and some of the foremen were invited to supper, and in cheerful conversation the evening passed away. " I hope the new Herr foreman will not for- get that he also has been a workman," remarked Johannes, in the course of the evening, anxious to bring the working question into the con- versation. " In my opinion there is only one way to act in regard to that," replied Alfred calmly. " It would be impossible to separate my interests from that of the other workmen. As foreman, I yet remain a workman ; the position to which my employers have called me, has not changed it. I think the differences between the work- men and their employers are wholly unnecessary and unnatural. The foremen, the clerks, the bookkeepers, the treasurer, and so far as I can see the employers themselves are workmen ; A PLEASANT SURPRISE. 123 and if the workmen are dependent upon the employers, so are the employers dependent upon the workmen." " The main difference is that the employers have the profits, and we must be satisfied with what they choose to give us," said Johannes, who could not forbear making one of his favor- ite observations. " Yes, and the employers have the losses also," remarked one of the foremen ; " I remem- ber that the bookkeeper told me that for several years the firm had many losses, and if it had continued another year they would have been bankrupt." "The employers have all the anxieties," said Frau Schlegel, who had been a silent listener to the conversation, "and if people would only be contented, and follow the teachings of God's word, and stay away from public houses, many families who are now in restricted circum- stances would have an abundance. And you young people could save your earnings if you would stay away from those agitators and dis- turbers of the peace." From this the conversation drifted into more peaceful channels, and after a social time, the company separated. Alfred was in the best possible spirits. Not only had he reached a creditable place in the 124 RED CARL. factory, but Trina had appeared unusually friendly with him that evening ; and more than that, Conrad had assured him that his jeal- ousy of Red Carl was unfounded. Had the opportunity offered, he would have asked Trina the question which was trembling upon his lips, but he was forced to profit by the advice given by his Aunt Schlegel, and upon reflection knew it was the best. If Alfred had imagined that his promotion would give him a pleasant place among his fel- low-workmen, he found himself much mis- taken. It gave him a glance into human nature ; and he found that his advancement raised vindictive envy in the minds of some whom he had considered friends. Most of the uncultured ones looked with anything but pleas- ure upon his advancement, and in secret berated him for what they called his pride and arro- gance. People whom he had thought had every confidence in him, now he felt looked upon him in open distrust. He frequently caught glances of enmity, and more than once heard remarks that he felt were undeserved. Like many others raised to higher positions, he in his zeal for the right would occasionally make mistakes, and had it not been for the other foreman his management and discipline would at times have been at fault. A PLEASANT St/liPRISE. t2^ But also in another way he brought some trouble and anxiety upon himself. The hint which his employers had given him as to the restless and unsettled spirit among the work- men, had excited a wish in him to try to smooth matters among the malcontents, and in all sincerity of heart to try to make peace. The workmen believed this to be an effort which he had undertaken in the interests of the employers ; and he was brought into dis- credit by it. The agitation which had united the unions into the main society had not only kept its strength but was expanding. By means of per- suasion, and if that failed, through artifice and cunning, the whole body of working men had been brought into the union ; and the leaders sought to build upon the foundation they had won. Meetings for the advancement of the cause were frequently held, generally upon the Sab- bath day, and were well attended ; the members arguing that it was quite as good as attendance at church. These meetings took more and more an athe- istic and revolutionary tendency ; and at length the leaders threw off the mask and stepped forth in open atheism, and threw all Christian regulations aside. The church was designated 126 J^ED CARL. as a stupid place ; the preachers as tools of tyrants ; and religion a cunningly devised fable which kept the masses of the people in subjec- tion, so that the rich and prosperous might make gain off them. This immoderate and unprovoked attack upon all that should have been sacred, met with opposition among thinking, earnest minds ; but any effort to protect their belief was met with sneers from the leaders, and cried down by their followers with groans of derision. It was at one of these meetings that a social- ist speaker from the city of New York gave uncalled-for expression to his hatred to all reli- gion, and Alfred Braun, after great restraint upon his feelings, felt that he could be silent no longer. He called the attention of the meeting to the matter, and asked if it were necessary to intro- duce insults to religion in order to forward the aims of the society. Upon joining the union, no one had been questioned in regard to his reli- gious beliefs, the platform did not include any restrictions relative to the matter ; many of the members belonged to Christian churches of various denominations, and did not consider it required of them to sit quietly by and listen to invectives against religion. He made a motion that all speeches should in future omit all allu- sions to it. A PLEASANT SURPRISE. 127 This proposition met with such hearty ap- proval, that the leaders instantly saw that it would have to be adopted if they wished to retain the hold they had already gained upon their followers. The officers had called for the motion to be seconded, and were about to pass it when Red Carl sprang up and poured a perfect torrent of abuse and slander upon Alfred. The composure with which young Braun tried to endure his taunts was at length cast to the winds ; and with eyes blazing with indig- nation he rushed upon his tormentor ; and had it not been for the friends of both who sepa- rated them, it might have been a serious affair to one or both of them. As it was, a scene of indescribable confusion ensued ; and it was some time before the offi- cers could restore order. Carl had left the hall, and Alfred insisted with quiet determination that the attacks upon religion should cease at the meetings of the union, and his resolution passed unanimously. Being warned by this experience, the agita- tors adopted other tactics. The wages of the workmen in proportion to the gains of the busi- ness were now brought before the meeting. They produced price lists showing the cost of the raw material ; the cost of the manufac- 128 ^^"^ CARL. ture of the same, and the market value of these wares ; after which the probable receipts for these products were reckoned. Such a reckon- ing, even if made in sincerity, is always doubt- ful of being anywhere near correct. There are so many little expenses which in the course of time count, so many little deficits remain unconsidered, so many supposed receipts and gains which are only imaginary with the reckoners. It was the secret wish that when the reckon- ing was footed up, the balance sheet should show returns which would make the workmen dissatisfied. The result, as was to be expected, was greatly in favor of the firm, against which the wages of the workmen were in pitiable contrast. Then the question was put to them if it would not be better to abolish the whole system of wages, and let the union — through deputies — unite with the employers in arranging matters that would be more to the workmen's interest. This conclusion appeared so rational and loyal and just, that nearly all agreed to it ; but a few of the members recognized the difficulty of this undertaking, and the underhand appear- ance which the move would have, prevented them from agreeing with it. Among these few was Alfred Braun, and, A PLEASANT SURPRISE. 129 faithful to his convictions of right, he com- bated the resolution. " What guarantee have we that the reckon- ing we have just heard is correct ? " inquired he. " I think we should be doing a very sense- less thing to base our demands upon such an uncertain footing. In order to come to a really- correct and just calculation, we would have to look into the condition of the business, and that no firm would, or, ought to grant. I am quite certain that Amherst & Co., for one, would not, for the fraction of a second, allow the union to meddle with their affairs." These remarks were not at all cordially re- ceived. It was exceedingly unpleasant in a cause which was supposed to benefit all, and which gave the appearance of being of great ad- vantage, that opposition should arise. It was discussed in low murmurs among the leaders, questions were asked and answered among the workmen, and at length it was signi- fied to young Braun that since his promotion he took but little interest in the rights of the work- men. " I have their interests much more at heart, than have the mischief-makers who, through senseless and aggravating means cause dissen- sions between the workmen and their em- ployers," responded Alfred, indignantly. 130 ^^^ CARL, This charge brought Carl — who had returned to his place in the meeting — to his feet ; and, with eyes sparkling with anger, he attacked his adversary with a proposition which was as artful as it was unexpected. " The Herr foreman has assured the union of his undivided interest in the working-men," said he, in sarcastic tones ; ** and no doubt he means exactly what he says. He has now the very opportunity to give us proof of his sincerity by deeds. He has said that Herr Amherst & Co. would never allow the union to meddle between them and their workmen. Of course they would not refuse to listen to their foreman should he speak in behalf of the workmen. I therefore move that Herr Alfred Braun should inform Amherst & Co. of the wishes of their employees, that a more considerate system of wages be adopted." This proposition met with prolonged applause, and Red Carl sat down with the blissful con- sciousness that he had at last his adversary in a net from which it would be difficult to extricate himself. But Alfred preserved his composure, and re- plied that no sensible person, knowing his opin- ions upon the subject, would expect or wish him to lay such a proposition before them. He con- cluded by warning his fellow-workmen against A PLEASANT SURPRISE. 131 the disturbers of their peace, who with their fluent speeches would bring them into trouble with their employers, and then disappear from the scene ; saying which, he left the meeting before Red Carl could get time to reply. Alfred's example had the effect of preventing any of the foremen from being persuaded into laying the resolution before their employers, and the subject was laid aside as unfinished business. In the meantime, there was another matter which was taken up and discussed by the union. The firm of Drew & Son had made some changes in their manufactory, and the book- keeper — Herr Sieber — was blamed for these removals. He was known for his strict disci- pline, and disliked in consequence, and every disagreeable change was attributed to him. One of the workmen laid the case before the union, and Herr Sieber was voted a despot who took delight in showing his authority over the work- men. The question was put before the meeting whether the workmen were willing to bear with such oppression ; and the conclusion was drawn that in the interest of all, and to uphold their manly self-respect, the matter required ener- getic action, and it was resolved that a commit- tee be sent to the firm of Drew & Son, to 132 RED CARL. request the dismissal of the obnoxious book- keeper. At that moment Alfred returned to the hall. He was well acquainted with Herr Sieber, and knew him to be a conscientious and faithful man, true to the interests of his employers, and at the same time a good friend to the workmen. " I am sure the union will have no hearing with Drew & Son," said he, earnestly, " and if you are determined to make complaints of Herr Sieber it would be better for the workmen em- ployed by the firm, and who are opposed to him, to make the complaint in person." But this was not at all what the union desired. It wanted the employers to feel the power of the union, and after a tumultuous time they carried the motion through. A committee was appointed to visit Drew & Son, and the result was exactly as Alfred had predicted. The em- ployers declined emphatically to have anything to do with the union. If the workmen objected to Herr Sieber, why not come themselves and make their objections known, without asking the union to meddle in the matter t A special meeting of the union was called, and the men were instructed to say that if the offending bookkeeper were retained they would leave the factory. A PLEASANT SURPRISE. 133 No attention was paid to this threat by the firm, and the matter ended. But this failure did not add to the good-humor of the secret leaders of the movement, and they put all the blame upon Alfred Braun, and resolved to break up his influence over the workmen. The many- sided tongue of calumny was set in motion against him, all his movements were watched, and the worst construction put upon his actions. Coldness and disrespect met him in business and in the meetings, and frequently open en- mity. Any resolutions offered by him were overruled or scarcely noticed, even if they did not meet with ridicule or insult. He came more and more to the knowledge that his enemies were trying to break down his influence with the workmen ; so he resolved to leave the union, and his example was shortly followed by the other foremen of the Amherst manufactory. This was precisely what his enemies desired. They considered that it proved Alfred always to have been unfaithful to the cause of the work- men, and that he was wholly in the interest of the employers. Red Carl had now plenty of interesting work for his leisure hours. He hastened from saloon to saloon with his news of Alfred's treachery ; and his false representations raised a storm of 134 RED CARL. distrust and anger against Alfred Braun, as a traitor to his fellow-workmen. His real friends scarcely dared open their mouths in his defence, under such a fire of indignation. Only Conrad Neumann had the courage to complain openly in the union of the shameful treatment which had driven him away, and to prophesy that more of such management would make an end of the organization ; a piece of advice which brought upon his luckless head a storm of sneers and reproaches, and he did not advance in the least the cause of his friend. At Neumann's the resignation of Alfred from the union was considered the very wisest course he could have taken. " Our reformers," said Herr Neumann, "wish to deliver us from the yoke of the capitalist, and it appears that they are preparing their own yoke for us." Alfred had, some time before, left Herr Neu- mann's boarding-house, and had with his aunt rented a small, neat dwelling, near enough for the two families to see each other every day. As yet he had come to no understanding with Trina. Her manner to him was at all times friendly, and she treated him with every re- spect ; but she encouraged no allusions to a nearer relationship. This gave young Braun much anxiety, and he sometimes thought he A PLEASANT SURPRISE. 135 would try another plan and insist upon an explanation from her. One evening he had been detained at the factory somewhat later than usual, and he took a shorter way home. In passing a shaded spot on the bank of the canal, which supplied the factory with water power, he heard a voice which he recognized as that of Trina, who was striving to free her hand from the grasp of Red Carl. She was returning from a visit to Frau Schle- gel when met by him. ** Let me go," were the first words Alfred heard, in a trembling voice. '* I am late now, and mother will be anxious about me. How dare you stop me .-* " " I dare to stop you, because I wish to have some conversation with you," said he, in a mocking tone. " I have watched long to have an opportunity to speak to you alone, and now I shall have my say. Do you still care for that sneak, that traitor, Alfred Braun .? I ask you to discard him, and listen to me." "I command you to let me go," said Trina, "what is it to you what my opinion is of Al- fred } " ** It is this," said Red Carl, resolutely. " You know well that you were favorable to me until Braun was promoted to be foreman, and now 13^ RED CARL. you scarcely notice me. Now, matters must be made clear before we part ; you must promise now, and here, to give him up." " That I will never do," said the girl, drawing herself up to her full height ; "go your way and I shall go mine. I have nothing to do with you, and you have no right to dictate to me." She had loosed her hand from his grasp, and was hastening away when he stepped into the path before her, his eyes blazing with fury. "You shall not let him triumph over me," he cried, "promise to give him up or I will throw you and myself into the canal." Trina saw that he was in earnest, and a cry of terror arose to her lips, when a blow from Alfred felled him to the earth. But only for a moment. Carl recognized his antagonist, and like a tiger sprang upon him. "So!" he cried, livid with rage, "you have crossed my path again ; now shall you be paid for your treachery." A knife glittered in the hand of the enraged man, but Alfred was upon the alert, and with a quick stroke knocked the knife into the canal. The two men now engaged in a hand-to-hand scuffle, while the frightened Trina had flown to her father's house for help. Alfred was the strono^er of the two and it was I will throw you and myself into the canal.' "—Page 136. A PLEASANT SURPRISE. 137 but a few seconds' work to throw Red Carl upon the ground. ** Go, now," said he, as Carl rose to his feet, " and never molest Fraulein Trina again, or you will know what to expect." Carl went sullenly away, muttering threats of vengeance to which Alfred paid no attention, but hastened to Herr Neumann's and before reaching there, met Conrad and his father who were coming to his relief, and who were rejoiced that Red Carl had at length found his master. CHAPTER VIII. PROPOSING A STRIKE. The meeting between Red Carl and Trina had convinced Alfred, who had witnessed it, that Trina entertained more abhorrence than affection toward Red Carl, whose boundless presumption had encouraged him to believe that she was not indifferent to him. Yet his jealousy prompted a new cause for anxiety in the remembrance that Trina could have given a reason to Red Carl for not return- ing his affection, by explaining to him that it was already given to Alfred. Frau Schlegel, to whom he went with this new trouble, soon set his mind at rest upon that subject. " I am surprised at you, Alfred," said she, in her cheerful, resolute manner, " do you suppose she would tell any man, much less one so brutal as Red Carl, that she loved you, or any one.-* " Alfred raised his head and his heart grew suddenly lighter. '- Do you imagine for one instant that she would make a confidant of Red Carl even to re- 138 PROPOSING A STRIKE. 139 venge herself upon him ? What would you have her do next ? " continued she laughingly. " Per- haps you expect her to throw herself in your arms, and tell you how much she loves you. If you expect this you will wait a long time, and I should think less of her if she acted one particle differently from what she does." Alfred agreed with her, but expressed his fears that an explanation with Trina might re- sult in grief to him. Frau Schlegel smiled. In this case her vision was much clearer than that of her nephew. She had gazed into the pure mirror of the young girl's heart, and in it had seen the image of Alfred. She often sought the society of Trina, and was charmed more and more with every meeting ; and this last experience had raised the girl's character even higher in her estima- tion. The religious feelings of Trina were not lightly expressed ; but Frau Schlegel saw with reverent joy, that the spirit of God ruled the young girl's heart, and her hope was, that she might be Alfred's wife, knowing that through her influence he would be won to a truly Chris- tian life. " You are the most unpractical lover that it has ever been my lot to meet," laughed his aunt. " Do you not see that you have just now 140 RED CARL. the very best opportunity that you can have, for bringing forward your suit ? Trina will, I think, expect you to say something after what has passed, yet I am quite confident, will not put herself in your way. But as aunt to you, I see that I must help you ; if you wish, I will see the Neumanns this afternoon and mention the matter, and then this evening you can pres- ent your case in due form." Alfred was greatly encouraged by this prop- osition of Frau Schlegel. Like many other worthy young men, he feared to ask his life's destiny at the hand of the woman of his choice. True to her promise, Frau Schlegel called at Neumann's and circumstances favored the object of her visit. Trina had been somewhat nervous from her fright of the evening before ; yet was of such sound and healthy organization that she had quickly recovered her usual calm, sweet manner. Frau Schlegel told her errand, and was met with like frankness. Any affection which Trina might have entertained for Red Carl was ban- ished by his shameful conduct ; and Frau Neu- mann assured Frau Schlegel that she and Herr Neumann would give their daughter with per- fect confidence into Alfred's care. In the evening, Alfred found them expecting him, and the time was happily passed in ar- rangements for their marriage at an early day. PROPOSING A STRIKE. 141 The only drawback to the general congratula- tions was Johannes, who could not conceal his displeasure ; and although he gave no expression to his feelings, yet his abrupt departure from the room and the house, convinced them that he wished to take no part in the general rejoic- ing. On the following morning, he returned early to the house, and informed his family that he had found another boarding-place and would henceforth remain there. The Neumanns, though deeply wounded, made no effort to change his mind ; but knew through whose influence this step had been taken. The family agreed with Alfred that as he was well established in business, a longer en- gagement was useless ; so in a few weeks they were married. Frau Neumann had quietly prepared a hand- some outfit of housekeeping articles for her daughter, and they began housekeeping in a very comfortable manner. Frau Schlegel was not mistaken in the influ- ence which she prophesied that Trina would have over her husband. Always cheerful and pleasant, she was ever earnest in her efforts to make circumstances tend to advancement in spiritual life. She held fast to the advice of Frau Schlegel 142 RED CARL. that they should have a family altar ; and on Sundays they were faithful in their attendance upon service in God's house. Alfred was attracted and his interest engaged in the Gospel as proclaimed by an earnest evan- gelical minister. The doubts which he had allowed to enter his mind with the reading of the free-thinking literature of the day, and which had been fostered by the society in which he moved before his marriage, were all driven away by this faithful messenger of Christ. Alfred and his wife sought also to interest their young companions ; and thus an ever- increasing circle was formed, the Christian influence of which was beyond price. In this manner of living they almost lost sight of the enmity which the revolutionary part of the workmen entertained for Alfred. The malicious glances cast toward him were not noticed, and the abusive names not heeded. He would scarcely have been aware of the feel- ing against him had it not been for his brother- in-law Johannes, who had refused to come to his sister's wedding, and who was eager to tell him of the feeling prevailing against him. In the meantime, Alfred attended faithfully to his duties, to the full satisfaction of his employers ; and so far the enmity had done him no harm. PROPOSING A STRIKE. 143 During the summer months, the secret agita- tion had somewhat subsided ; but with the coming of autumn it revived with vigor, and took a form and circumference which were sig- nificant ; and set the employers to thinking seriously on the state of affairs. Larger and larger grew the gulf between them and their employees, and it seemed that nothing could interpose to lessen it. In several manufactories where the employ- ers had the management of the funds of the former aid societies, they had at the request of the workmen simply kept back from their wages their monthly contributions. But when the union took charge of the money, the em- ployers said nothing in regard to holding back the contributions, although many of the work- men would for their own satisfaction have pre- ferred it. But the employers were not willing thus to act as agents for a strange company. Fewer hours of labor was one of the subjects which was eagerly discussed in the meetings, and the leaders made proposals in accordance with it. The Socialists also, through the press, gave their proceedings to the public ; whereby it could not fail to reach the different firms, who were at length aroused to consider opposing measures ; and through a confidential circular 144 RED CARL. the members of the manufacturing firms were asked to meet to discuss the labor question and the agitation which had grown out of it. The meeting, so far as numbers was con- cerned, was a success, as all the manufacturing firms of any note were represented. The senior member of one of the oldest firms was unanimously chosen president ; who in a few words gave their reason for assembling, and then Mr, Amherst, of the firm of Amherst & Co., was called to the floor. He was introduced by the president, with the remark that Mr. Amherst had experienced in his own factory a specimen of the prevailing state of affairs, and could enlighten them as to the best manner of proceeding. Mr. Amherst responded by saying that he would give a glance into the rise and develop- ment of the industries in that region. "Where fifty years ago," said he, ** there were but few farms, and the inhabitants earned with hardship their daily bread, now there are thousands of people who have not only the ne- cessaries of life, but are proportionally in good position. They have built this city, which, ow- ing to the diligence and energy of the people, has in the commonwealth of the state a promi- nent place. It is not necessary to state that the prosperity of our commonwealth hangs upon PROPOSING A STRIKE. 145 the further development of our industries. There is one element, however, that bids fair to hinder this development. I mean the labor question. It is a singular thing that we should have a labor question. The world will bear witness that we employers have been as liberal as we could afford with our employees, and gave them sufficient for a good living, and also allowed something over to help them on their way to competence. Many who in the old country but a few years ago, barely subsisted upon the meagre wages they received, now find themselves in a prosperous condition of which they never dreamed. But since these foreign mischief-makers have sneaked in among them, and with their misleading arguments have un- settled them, nothing seems to satisfy them. " We have, in accordance with the ground- work of our constitution, — which grants the right of personal freedom to all — not interfered with the founding of unions among our work- men ; but now they have placed their interests in the hands of foreign interlopers, who are the tools of Revolutionary agitators, and we see the fruits of it, which is but the foretaste of what is to come. "This Socialist union has made itself an authority which, if we wish to be masters of our business, we cannot acknowledge. It is doubt- 146 ^ED CARL. ful if there is a firm here represented, which has not already felt their insolence, and it will soon come to pass that they will expect us to comply with their dictates implicitly, under pen- alty of heavy damage to our interests. It is an actual necessity that we contrive some plan to insure our mutual security, and above all, as work-givers, hold fast together, and set against the union of workmen, a union of employers." This speech, particularly the last proposition, met with unanimous assent ; all were ready to combine, and through the choosing of officers, the organization was established, and a consti- tution adopted. The next question was the consideration of what line of action to adopt. Some of the younger and more impulsive of the employers were of the opinion that the workmen should be compelled to withdraw from the union, or be dismissed from service. But Mr. Amherst, who was a leading spirit in the assembly, disap- proved of this method. He said that such a course would have the appearance of arbitrary oppression, and would bring about a crisis, for which they were not prepared. " Not all the workmen," said he, " have joined with the leaders of the union in these proceedings ; most of them simply followed. Therefore, it would be better to adopt a course that will show them clearly Proposing a strike. i^j that we wish to deal fairly and justly with them. Every workman is needed in the union, whether he wishes to be there or not, and if we can in- fluence even one of the more intelligent ones to leave it, its power is broken, and we have noth- ing more to fear. This we can easily do by as- suring them that we will protect them from the enmity of the union. The foremen of our fac- tory have already left it, and you can persuade yours to do the same. We will then establish an anti-union beneficial society, and when the other workmen see that they can live without the union, they will abandon it also." This plan was met with universal favor, and was adopted, and the meeting adjourned. Although they had tried to keep their meeting a secret, it was not possible that it should re- main unknown ; the public became aware of it. and the next number of the Socialist paper con- tained articles headed : ** Conspiracy of the Capitalists ; Monopoly seeks the overthrow of the Union," and other sensational expressions of their opinion of the affair. The employers denounced in the daily papers, each report as a tissue of falsehoods ; but this did not tend in the least to diminish the agita- tion, and the leaders of the union did everything in their power to increase it. Extra meetings of the union were held ; flaming speeches upon 148 ^ED CARL. the necessity of maintaining freedom against the tyranny of the Capitalists were given, and menacing denunciations of the new beneficial societies which the employers were about to establish, were rife. As weeks passed away, and nothing more was heard of the measures which it was said the employers were about to adopt, many of the workmen began to be ashamed of their vehe- mence, but were comforted by the Socialist leaders with the assurance that their decided protests had silenced the employers, and they had abandoned their plans. It worked like a cold plunge bath upon these boasters when, again and again, a foreman would withdraw from the union, and his exit would be followed by some of the older and more intelli- gent of the members. In some of the manufactories, new force was added, and it was impossible to get them imme- diately into the union, neither could they get opportunity to make impression upon them through their fellow-workmen. Suddenly it was rumored that a new aid soci- ety, with an apparently innocent name, had been established, of which Alfred Braun was one of the main managers, and that most of the fore- men and all the new employees were members. The executive committee of the union held PROPOSING A STRIKE. 149 extra sessions, and Red Carl ran with fiery zeal from one local to another. " Traitors," " a secret conspiracy," were his watchwords, and, with the hottest indignation, he denounced Alfred Braun as head conspirator, and the tool of the capitalists. The spirit of this agitation showed itself in saloons, in groups upon the streets ; and in all public places was the affair discussed. The Socialists appeared at a loss to know exactly what course to follow, and looked to the leaders for counsel. At this crisis the Socialist Propaganda in New York again had a secret deliberation, the news from Bridethorp having made a great stir among them. The colleagues, Bar and Lorimer, had been sent to call their followers together, and the reports they had given upon their re- turn had called forth earnest thought. " It is not my desire that we shall thus early come to a battle," said the president. " The people are not yet ready for that ; are not as yet well grounded with our intentions. Many of them are doubtful and timid, not to mention dif- ferent opponents whom Carl Holt has stirred up, who, it appears, has his own interests to serve. The outlook is certainly not promising ; and if we suffer a defeat we lose our support in Bridethorp." ISO RED CARL. " I think," remarked Bar, " that there is really little choice for us. The employers have at- tacked us at the weakest point, and we must overcome them or go under. The question is, shall we go under without a struggle ? If we allow this newly-baked aid society, which the employers have established, to develop further, soon all the sycophants, cowards, and undecided ones will go over to them, and the power of our union is broken. There appears to be but one way, and that is to try to win over to the union all the new employees in the different manufac- tories, and then call a strike." ** But will the people agree to a strike } " questioned Lorimer, " from what I have seen, I doubt it." "We must work for that aim in Bridethorp," said the president ; " and throw all our energies into that resolve. In the meantime, it would be better to abstain from all open demonstra- tions. We must call meetings of their branch unions, and make it obligatory upon us to visit them, and present the matter in proper form to them." These resolutions were adopted unanimously, and it was decided that two of the most capable of the agitators should visit Bridethorp. The members of the local unions wondered over the official calling of extra meetings, and PROPOSING A STRIKE. 151 were curious to know the meaning of it. They were soon given to understand that the meeting was merely to receive some visiting colleagues, who had come out of New York to see how the different unions were succeeding ; and the members were soon in unison with the elo- quent strangers who quickly understood the situation. With consummate tact, the visitors avoided all mention of any aggressive measures. They merely spoke of the rights of the workmen, and counselled the necessity of banding together to resist the attacks of the employers. "The need for this," said one of the speakers, " is evident, when here in Bridethorp the anxi- ety of the employers to break up the union shows their fear and their weakness. The union has now its first trial to withstand. The employers know well the truth of the old say- ing, * United, we stand ; divided, we fall.' They would like to divide the union against itself, knowing that its power would be gone. But the workmen are too wise to put their necks under the yoke again, and the audience present haa too much insight and intelligence to be indif ferent to their own interests and those of theii fellow-workmen." This speech was, by the greater part of the audience received with applause ; but there were IC2 ^ED CARL. a few whom the misrepresentations and flattery did not quite satisfy. " What can we, or ought we to do ? " ques- tioned they. " If it is so necessary to keep the union together, and all right means to bring the new workmen in should fail, what then should be done } " " I have a plan to propose," cried one of the younger workmen, springing up. " Suppose we get a list of the names of the new workmen, and call upon them separately, requesting them to join the union or leave the city and seek work elsewhere." This plan raised much discussion, and was followed by a vote, proposed by the visiting members, as to their opinion ; and being favor- able, a committee was formed of two members from each local union who were to wait upon them, and present the affair. The committee went about the task with great zeal, and in a few days all the anti-union people had received the challenge of the union. This came to the knowledge of their employ- ers, and after a long deliberation with each other, they concluded not to interfere, but to let the workmen give their own reason for their refusal to join them. Some of the workmen tried to evade the question, but were so earnestly pressed by the committee, that they PROPOSING A STRIKE. 153 made the avowal, that under the express stipu- lations imposed by their work, they could not join the union. A strong wave of agitation was the result of this discovery. The leaders while appearing outwardly deeply indignant at this, were at heart rejoiced. They expressed it as their candid opinion that it was a clear case of con- spiracy among the employers to break up the union. They asserted that again and again the employers would request their employees to leave the union under penalty of dismissal from their service. Nothing was neglected that would give the affair the widest circulation, and the work was well done. The restless, revolutionary spirits, and the timid and ignorant ones fully believed that a conspiracy was on foot, which was against their best interests ; and that manly honor and courage demanded that they should stand fast and resist the oppressor. This was exactly what the leaders desired ; and the next evening a general gathering of the local unions was called to discuss the affair, and to adopt some line of action. Delegations were sent from each union, and an imposing number were present. The mischief-making speeches of the leaders did not tend to lessen the fury of the rougher 154 RED CARL. element. The easy, gay lives of the money- making capitalist was compared with the hard- ships of the dependent workmen, who felt that the time for talking was past, and now they must act. " The employers," cried one of the speakers, "are armed for battle, and it remains for the workmen to resist, or, like cowards be over- thrown. Who among you will be such a coward } If there be one treacherous enough, he has lost all worth of manhood. The blood- sucking capitalist has his weapons, but so also has the oppressed workman. If the employers believe that labor cannot exist without capital, so cannot capital exist without labor. The whole world knows the justice of our demands, but we will act fairly, and give the employers one more opportunity to come to terms. We will send a committee to the different firms with the request that all anti-union workmen be dismissed from their service, and after hearing their answer, a report will be made and we will consult upon what further arrangements to make." This proposition was received with well- pleased murmurs of assent, and there was but little opposition. "What shall we do if the employers refuse?" asked a voice. PROPOSING A STRIKE. 155 " Strike ! " It was but a word ; but it sent a thrill through the hearts of all, for to most it meant the loss of subsistence. " To every good cause intended for the benefit of the masses, some offerings must be brought," continued the speaker ; " therefore, sacrifices must be made to give the working man the place in the world to which he is entitled. Who is not willing to make this sacrifice ? If there be one, he is not worthy, and should remain a slave." With this remark all opposition ceased, and a committee for the expedition was appointed. These worthies found the work not at all easy or pleasant. Many of the employers re- fused to see the committee ; others said that only through their own workmen should their wishes be received ; while others promised to consider the matter, and let them know their decision. The next morning the committee re- ceived a collective answer from the firms. In it they specified that they would allow no strange organization to meddle between them and their workmen. Further, that it was the right of every workman to enter, or not to enter any organization. They had also resolved to protect their employees in their right of self- determination, and they considered the demands 156 RED CARL. of the so-called union as unjust, and they of necessity refused. When the committee read this report the next evening to the assembled union, it made a profound impression. They had placed them- selves in a difficult position, from which it re- quired diplomacy to extricate themselves with- out detriment to their dignity. The controversy was settled by Red Carl, who with fiery energy advocated a strike, and many agreed with him as to its being a neces- sity, while they thought of the privations and anxieties which would follow the step. The leaders of the movement hastened to improve upon the suggestion of Red Carl. In a burning speech he declared that the battle had been forced upon them. He depended upon the sense of right and justice which was inherent in the heart of every good man. On their faith and consistency depended their wel- fare and the welfare of their children. He as- sured them that they would not enter the battle unprepared and empty handed. The union, thanks to its frugality, had quite a considerable sum which should be used for the support of their families, so they could hold out for a long time. He assured them that they were not in the power of the employers, any more than the employers were in theirs. Every day that the PROPOSING A STRIKE. 157 factories stood idle brought losses to them. They had contracts to fulfil ; if they could not meet them, of course there would be losses. If the workmen held fast and true together, and showed true courage and perseverance, victory would be theirs. He suggested that the same committee should give notice to the firms, that if by Saturday evening, the wishes of the workmen were not granted, they would quit work. It was also suggested that on Sunday after- noon the members should meet, to consider future measures in case of the strike ; among these being a large meeting on Monday after- noon. All these resolutions met the approval of a majority of the workmen, and the meeting ad- journed. CHAPTER IX. THE STRIKE BEGUN. On Sunday the news ran through the union, that the exployers had emphatically refused to have anything to do with the matter. In regard to the notice given by them of re- fusing to work if their demands were not com- plied with, they would only repeat that they would not be dictated to by the union. On Monday they would expect to see their em- ployees in their places as usual ; if they were not there they must take the blame of any fu- ture anxiety upon their own heads. ** We will strike ! " was passed from mouth to mouth, " he who goes to work on Monday is a traitor to his comrades." Before evening, the city was teeming with re- ports of the coming strike ; and as rumors never lose anything in their travels, there was great excitement over the violence which would accompany it. The appearance of the factories and their surroundings the next morning, was about as usual. Columns of smoke rolled from the tall 158 THE STRIKE BEGUN. 159 chimneys and mingled lazily with the clear morning air. Steam issued from the engine rooms, and at the accustomed hour the bells were rung, shortly followed by the shrill whistles, which summoned thousands of men to their work. But this time they whistled in vain. Instead of crowds of people passing through the streets to the factories to be at their places at the appointed time, groups of ex- cited workmen were collected about, throwing derisive glances at the factories, and greeting the foremen with jeering remarks. The few new hands who were on their way to the facto- ries were kept back by force. Here and there an older workman would appear with his tin kettle in his hand, but at the sight of the determined men watching the entrance, would quietly disappear from the scene. They deplored this strike, and wished to go as usual to their accustomed duty but numbers were against them, and for good or for evil they were compelled to join them. This watching of the avenues to the factories continued all day ; and when a man left his post another took his place, and it was thus seen to be an organized plan. Some of the foremen tried to convince these men of the evil and folly of this move ; but were told that the union would not allow them to re- l6o ^ED CARL. sume work until their demands were complied with, and they intended to stand by the union. Upon the request that they would at least go to their homes if unwilling to work, and leave the way clear for others, they replied that the street was public property, and they should re- main there as long as they wished. From time to time groups of strikers would appear, and hold consultation with the watchers. At the appointed hour in the afternoon, the extra session of the general gathering convened, and further measures were taken in regard to the strike. During the forenoon, many of the strikers had freely indulged in drink; the meeting was in consequence stormy. Loud applause greeted the president of the union as he arose to open the meeting. "The die ft cast," said he in a pathetic tone, " and war is declared. With unparalleled patience, with unexampled moderation have the workmen borne the arrogance of the employers, who with no regard for the well-being of the working man have interposed a barrier to his prosperity, and ruled absolutely over the masses. " As free-born men we have resolved to be slaves no longer. We will no longer submit with patience nor consent to be robbed without offering resistance. The capitalists desired bat- THE STRIKE BEGUN. i5i tie ; now they have it. The oppressed masses are now convinced of the justice of their cause; we have taken the case in our own hands, nor shall we cease to battle until labor has its proper place in the world. Stand fast, com- rades ; be true to your cause." Thunders of applause rewarded the speaker for this masterpiece, and he continued. "We have not met this afternoon to make speeches, but to discuss the question of dis- charged and needy workmen. Now that the crisis has come, it behooves us, through a firm organization and through right distribution, to use our means in a right and just manner. The main advantage lies in standing by each other. Let no flattering promises or threaten- ing menaces of the capitalists make you traitors to the cause. When some become wavering and irresolute, then must you take these weak ones under your care. "Your self-denial and faith will also have a searching trial," continued the speaker. " Every contest requires sacrifices, and we can- not bring this great gain to the working people without great personal sacrifices. Our regular revenues, trifling as they are, must be numbered among these sacrifices. It is true that we have collected considerable means for the time of need, but we must be very economical if we 1 62 RED CARL. wish it to hold out. We must only use of these funds what is absolutely necessary. You will, I know try to put up with this inconvenience, knowing that it secures future good. And now let us consider the practical part of the busi- ness." The latter part of this speech was not re- ceived with so much applause as that which had preceded it. In different parts of the hall murmurs arose, and dissatisfied inquiries, to which no attention was paid. The intelligent observer could not fail to see that the whole arrangement and leadership was in skilful hands ; and the large assembly had nothing to do except to follow in the track marked out for them, and which had been already planned. The first thing to be considered was the establishment of headquarters where all the threads of the movement could run together. Besides the president, secretary, and treasurer, some of the most prominent of the agitators were chosen as an executive committee, and it was decided that a session should be held each day. All the members of the union were bound by an oath to obey all the orders which came from headquarters, and to give any help required of them. At length the subject of the amount for the THE STRIKE BEGUN. 163 support of each workman was brought before the union. The suggestion was that for fami- lies five dollars per week, and for unmarried men three dollars, should be drawn from the general fund. This met with much dissatisfac- tion, both parties declaring that they could not live upon such a meagre sum ; but the treasurer assured them that if more were given the funds would not hold out. At length it was arranged that if a family consisted of more than five members, a dollar for each additional member would be granted. It was agreed that the distribution of funds should begin in two weeks, and upon each Sat- urday afternoon the local societies should dis- tribute it to its members. After selecting a man in each society to act as treasurer, they separated. The employers also had a meeting to discuss this new aspect of affairs. Although they had considered the probability of a strike, yet the suddenness of it had been a surprise. They had not thought that the leaders of it would bring the matter to such a pass, neither did they suppose that the more intelligent part of the workmen could be induced to stake their whole living upon such a venture when there was no real necessity for it. Yet, unexpected as the movement was, not 164 J^^D CARL. nearly so many of the firms were embarrassed by the strike as the Socialists had hoped and counted upon. The work for the season was so far advanced that they could fill most of their orders, and could help each other. The few employees who stood by them could finish th^ most pressing work, and they could hold out fo^ at least two months without loss. The meeting therefore, in the main, was calm and serene. One of the younger of them sug- gested that the workmen be requested to return to work, or to consider themselves as dismissed from any future service. Mr. Amherst was of the opinion that such a course would fail of its object ; and his opinion was held by the majority. He said that they must take it into consideration that many of the workmen were opposed to the strike, but dared not act according to their own wishes. He con- sidered the best plan would be to let the strike take its course. " When," said he, ** the money in their treasury is exhausted, and want stares them in the face, and their unprincipled leaders abandon them, we will unite to take care of those who remained faithful to us." This plan was unanimously adopted, for all recognized the wisdom and good sense of the measure. Two weeks passed away, and the effect of THE STRIKE BEGUN. 165 the strike was plainly visible in Bridethorp. A number of the manufactories kept open for a few- days, and kept some work going with the help of the new employees ; and still hoped that the workmen would come to their senses and return to their old places. But, as time passed on, and they saw no prospect of their yielding, one manufactory after another closed, and the new workmen were kept for a few days in the week at repairing and other trifling work. The chimneys looked sad and desolate, as they towered above the silent factories. There was no whir and clatter of work, no sound of bell or whistle, no cheerful hum of voices ; a gloom seemed to have settled down over every- thing. The workmen who at the beginning of the strike were standing about in groups dis- cussing the situation had disappeared ; and those who passed by the huge silent factories glanced curiously at them and went on. The streets, however, presented a lively ap- pearance. People were to be seen at all times discussing the aspect of affairs. Conversation often grew into angry debate, and at times there was trifling jesting over the foolish action of the workmen. The public houses which formerly were not frequented by the workmen during the day, were now generally filled, and it was not seldom 1 66 KED CARL. that disturbances arose among the workmen congregated there. Men under the influence of liquor were frequently met upon the streets, and it was plain to be seen that a gloomy state of affairs existed in the city. In all manufacturing places the cessation of business affects not only the men directly em- ployed, but all that are connected with them. The strike, therefore, had its effect upon those outside its direct limits ; and people in other occupations were embarrassed by it. The frugal and provident part of the working- men had paid cash for all their household needs, while there were many others who had bought upon credit. Some of those from whom they bought had sufficient capital to allow this to continue ; but the greater part of the store- keepers bought also upon credit, and could not afford to lay out of the money. Who could say when the strike would end .'' Who knew what course it would take } It might be possible that many of the workmen would be compelled to go elsewhere to seek work, and thus favoring them could be of no present or future advantage to the storekeeper. The boarding-houses also had their difficulties. The money which the unmarried men drew from the union for their support would have been nearly sufficient had it been used directly THE STRIKE BEGUN. 167 for that purpose. But the idle life led by the men increased their personal expenses instead of diminishing them, the money went, they scarcely knew how, and the board, in many cases, remained for the greater part unpaid. Some of the energetic boarding-house keepers went to headquarters to try to arrange matters whereby they could receive the board money direct ; but this raised such a storm of indigna- tion among the men that many of them returned to the old plan of taking part of their weekly allowance, and trusting for the balance. Every family who had joined the society for the securing of homes, also found themselves much embarrassed by the change in their cir- cumstances occasioned by the strike. Accord- ing to the rules of the society, great loss would be incurred if the monthly contributions were not paid. How could the money now be raised } Some were forced to borrow at high rates of interest, while others, who had not sufficient credit to do so, could tiot make their payments ; and upon all sides was trouble and anxiety. Many were dissatisfied with the strike, but did not dare to make it known, fearing it would affect their interests at headquarters. Thus several weeks passed away. Labor held out against capital and capital against labor, and affairs had not changed for the better. In 1 58 ^^^ CARL. most families there was anxiety, and in many real need and want. In Neumann's family, with the others, the prospect was gloomy. One Saturday evening the boarders had gone out, and the family found themselves alone, and could talk over their troubles undisturbed. " Everything looks gloomy," remarked Herr Neuman, sadly ; " the agitators to all appear- ances will have the upper hand for some time, and there is but little prospect that work will be resumed for many days to come. How it will be with us I cannot see. I wish I had not taken so many shares in the building society. I shall have to raise more money to pay my contribution, and soon, if things go on in this way, we shall not own a board in our house." *' And I scarcely know what to do in regard to our housekeeping expenses," said Frau Neu- mann. " Our grocery and provision accounts are in arrears, and cannot go much longer un- paid. I think it would* be better to give up keeping boarders." "We cannot do that at this time," replied Herr Neumann; "it would not only be a dis- credit to us, but unjust to the boarders. They have acted honorably by us, and so far as they could, have paid us regularly. Where could they find a place to board in these times, if we THE STRIKE BEGUN. 169 dismissed them ? No one would begin to take boarders under such circumstances. We had better try to curtail expenses by giving plainer board; they will themselves see the necessity of it, and will not complain." " But they must have something to eat," re- plied Frau Neumann, who for the sake of her own reputation as a housekeeper, as well as from her naturally generous spirit, wished to set a good table. ** Alfred hinted that Amherst & Co. had some intention of opening the factory, and sending for some new workmen," remarked Conrad. " If that is the case, I think it would be better for us to leave the union and apply for employment again. I for one was never favorable to stak- ing our all upon this strike, to suit these mis- chief-makers, who had their own ends in view." " But it would be dangerous to attempt such a thing," said the others in a breath. "Yes," replied Herr Neumann, sadly ; "these wretched disturbers of the peace have the upper- hand of us, and Red Carl is the most vicious of all. If we made a move in that direction we should have the whole horde down upon us, and they are in the position to destroy us root and branch. We heard the threat at the last meet- ing against those who acted in that manner." What Alfred said in regard to Mr. Amherst, 170 RED CARL. will not of course take place for some time," re- marked Conrad. ** But if they do make a trial of it we might make the venture, and see what we can do." "We must keep a sharp eye on Red Carl," said Hen- Neumann ; " I have my thoughts about him. I see him sometimes loitering about, and I hope Alfred and Trina will be care- ful to avoid him. I believe him to be capable of any evil deed. He has misled our boy Johannes, and will do anything he can to injure Alfred." At that moment Trina came in looking fresh and sweet as a wild rose. "Ah," said she, joyfully, "here you are all together and by yourselves ; how glad I am. Now if Alfred were only here, we could have a good talk, as in the old times. I do wish the boarders were always away." Her sisters took her wraps and laid them aside, and Trina took out her knitting and sat down among them. " What is the news } " asked Herr Neumann, as he gazed with pride upon her sweet face ; "how is Alfred getting along } " " Oh," replied Trina, "all is right with us ; only I have much anxiety in regard to Alfred. He runs many risks among the strikers. But what I came to tell you is that I have seen Johannes, and had a talk with him," THE STRIKE BEGUN. 71 "You have seen him, and had a talk with him," echoed her mother, eagerly. " Where is he ? what did he say ? Oh the poor boy ! why did he ever let himself be led away by such people ? " *' He tried to avoid me," replied Trina, "but I stepped up to him and held him fast, and he was ashamed to resist. He was not entirely sober, but could speak and reply intelligibly. First, he called me to account for treating his friend so badly by marrying Alfred. I replied that I had treated his friend much better than he deserved. I also told him that it was I that had to live with Alfred and not he, and I would thank him not to meddle in my affairs, as I cer- tainly would never think of meddling with the woman he should select for a wife." This sally, given in Trina's piquant and earnest manner, caused a smile in the home circle. "He went on to say," continued Trina, "that I had driven him from his home ; but I asked him how it was that he could not live with us as well after he knew Red Carl as before. He could not answer that, and I told him that Carl was an enemy who would only use him as a tool to further his own ends. I begged him to leave such company and come home to us." " What did he say } " said Frau Neumann 172 RED CARL. eagerly, '* certainly he knows he will be more than welcome." " I assured him of that, but he said nobody felt welcome who did not deserve it. I told him you would all receive him with open arms, but he only said that he was not going to play the role of the prodigal son. He said that Carl was not bad company, and that we would see for ourselves that he had more sense than all the others put together. Then he began with his usual boasting, and as I could not do any good by talking longer, I came home." " Then he said no more about Red Carl," said the father anxiously. " Yes, he called after me that Alfred and I had better make friends with Red Carl, or he would have his revenge, and I noticed that he never lost sight of me until I reached home. I am not afraid, but his manner had something very mysterious about it, and I have felt con- cerned for Alfred." " How does Johannes look } " asked the par- ents in a breath. " Not well," replied Trina ; " that restless, unsatisfied life is telling upon his health. He seems excited and nervous." "My poor boy," said Frau Neumann, "oh, that he was safe at home with us ! " *' I never thought that the time would come THE STRIKE BEGUN. 173 that one of our children would turn his back upon us," said Herr Neumann sadly, '*we can only pray and hope he will come back." At that moment they heard some one in the street in front of their door, asking for Herr Neumann's house, and a neighbor was pointing it out. Father Neumann arose and went to the door, while the others who were waiting and listening heard a joyful exclamation. "Is it possible this is you. Neighbor Wag- ner.-^" cried he, "and this is your daughter; how she has grown ! Come right in ; you have come at an excellent time, we were all sitting to- gether and talking when we heard your voice. How did you happen to come.-* " Thus talking, Herr Neumann led the way to the sitting-room, and Herr Wagner and Anna were greeted with joy by the others. Gottlieb Wagner had in the Fatherland been next neighbor to the Neumanns, and was more- over a distant relative, and the families were upon terms of the closest intimacy. He had left Germany several years before the Neu- manns, and had settled in the far West. News had come occasionally from him, but it was not very favorable as to his prosperity. Then for a long time they had heard nothing of him. Then the Neumanns left Germany, and from 174 RED CARL. that time had heard nothing of their old friends, the Wagners ; so it was no wonder that they were surprised and deHghted to see them. They were well clothed, and looked prosper- ous, and gave the impression by their appear- ance, that the world had dealt kindly with them. Frau Neumann, upon hospitable thoughts intent, arose with her daughters to prepare sup- per for them, but Herr Wagner told her that they had taken supper at the hotel where they were stopping " Certainly you have not taken rooms at a hotel, and we in Bridethorp," said Herr Neu- mann deprecatingly. " We did not know exactly where to find you, and did not know whether it would suit you to have us, so went there until we were certain." " Not suit us indeed," replied Herr Neumann, "a dear friend and neighbor whom we have not seen for ten years. Of course it will suit us. Go to the hotel, Conrad, and fetch Neighbor Wagner's baggage. We want you to stay with' us as long as you can." "We cannot remain but two days," replied his guest, " for we have been away so long, and are anxious to get home." The surprise of the Neumanns was great to hear that Herr Wagner and Anna had just returned from a visit to Germany, and while THE STRIKE BEGUN. 175 there had obtained the address of the Neumanns, and had stopped on the way to their Western home to visit them. Many greetings and messages had they brought from old friends beyond the sea, and happily and cheerily the evening passed away in listening to accounts of their journey. " You have certainly prospered in this new country," remarked Herr Neumann reflectively, " when you could have not only means to go yourself to the old home, but take your daughter." " With God's help, and through his blessing, we are in good circumstances," replied his old neighbor, " therefore I thought I would again see my sisters and my old home, and take Anna to see where her parents were born. Our voy- age home was speedy, and as we did not expect to arrive for two days, we concluded before going home, to come and see you ; so here we are." "And there could be no greater pleasure than to see you," replied the Neumanns heartily. At that moment Alfred came in to accompany Trina home, and was glad to remain and talk with the guests. Frau Schlegel, who had been out among the sick, also called, and was charmed to see her old friend Wagner, and Anna. Their visitors knew what would be of most 176 RED CARL, interest to their entertainers, so related their own experience in the new world. " When I came with my family to America,'* said Herr Wagner, " I went directly to Chicago, because I had heard there was a demand for workmen in my trade of stonemason, and good wages were given. I found this to be correct; there was plenty of work and the wages were better than I had ever dreamed of, but in a few weeks after I got settled, there was a strike. I did not join it, but was compelled to remain idle like the others for weeks, without any idea when the strike would end. I had a few hundred dol- lars, but knew if I could not work it would soon disappear. " You know, neighbor, that owning land was always my hobby. Just at that time some rail- road land was to be sold in Kansas under very favorable conditions to a poor man. With a small payment down, a very good-sized farm could be bought. For three or four years no interest was demanded on the balance remain- ing unpaid, which was allowed to run ten years in yearly payments. We had enough money to make the first payment, so resolved to ven- ture. ** It was our good fortune to have our land in a neighborhood where there were several families who were Germans. About a mile from us was THE STRIKE BEGUN. 177 a schoolhouse, and every two weeks an evangel- ical preacher came there. The people were re- ligiously inclined, and in many houses divine worship was held, and Sundays were kept free from work. "We had, however, hard times at first. When we took possession, and had bought our horses to cultivate our land, we had very little money left. We managed to build a cabin with two rooms, and put one coat of plaster on it. The next purchase was a cow and some chickens. By this time our money was at an end, and if it had not been for a neighbor, times would have gone very hard with us. Fortunately, the winter was mild, and spring came early that year. We cultivated a good-sized piece of land and planted it in corn. My boys found work here and there ; but it was altogether hard work to get a start in farming. " Scarcely had we gotten over our most press- ing difficulties when there came a drought, and our crops were all parched and destroyed. The next year came the grasshoppers, and made havoc of everything that was growing. The next year a good harvest put us in better posi- tion and we made another payment and had something over. We were glad then that we had not, like some of our neighboring settlers, become discouraged and left the country. Since i;8 RED CARL. then I have purchased another farm, and have plenty of means to cultivate it. **This last four years God's blessing has rested upon us, and v/e have been able to lay by something. We are not rich, but we have a good living ; and I say to you, neighbor, that I would not change places with a king. Another thing I must rejoice over, and that is when one is poor and alone upon the wide prairie then indeed is the Bible dear to him. Until we were thus in solitude, as it were, we were a careless God-forgetting family ; but, praise to His gra- cious name, we are changed. My whole family are in the church and Sunday school, and have induced others to go with them. Service is held in my house, and we are truly living a new life." The eyes of Herr Wagner had filled with joy as he told of the great blessing which had fol- lowed his disappointments and discourage- ments ; and he saw the same joy reflected in the faces of his listeners, particularly of Frau Schlegel, Alfred, and Trina. At his request to be directed to some church for the following day, they told him they would call for him, and would be glad to have him accompany them. Soon after this little matter was settled, the Brauns and Frau Schlegel went home, and in an hour afterward the Neumanns and their unex- THE STRIKE BEGUN. 179 pected, but truly welcome guests were wrapped in profound slumber. The next morning, according to promise, Alfred and Trina called to take the Wagners to church, and the family noticed that Alfred was far from cheerful, and Trina's usually rosy cheeks were very pale. " Oh, my children, what is it ? " cried Frau Neumann, taking an alarmed glance at her be- loved daughter, " is Aunt Schlegel ill ? " " Oh, no ; she is as well as one could expect after the great fright we have had," whispered Alfred. " Tell father to come out, please." Frau Neumann went immediately, and was on the instant followed out by Herr Neumann, who was full of wonder. Scarcely had he closed the door when Trina broke into nervous weeping. "Just think, father," said she, " we came near being murdered. Had not God interposed we should have been torn to pieces." ** Who did it } how was it done 1 " cried both horrified parents, as Trina between sobs spoke of the wickedness of trying to murder them, who had never harmed any one. With anxious hearts the parents gazed from one to the other, waiting for them to speak. " When we reached home last evening," said Alfred, " there was a package leaning against I So ^i^D CARL. our door, and upon the paper in which it was wrapped was our address. We took it in and when the lamp was lighted proceeded to open it. When we removed the paper, we found a wooden box with a sliding lid. We were won- dering what it was, and who could have sent it, and I was about to pull the lid when Trina, who had been examining the wrapper caught my arm, and hindered me. " That package came neither by mail nor ex- press," said she, "who knows what is in it V " I did not touch the lid, but examined the box carefully, and found that the under part of it was screwed in fast. I drew the screws care- fully out, and found the box to be a dynamite * infernal machine.' The lid was so fixed that by drawing it out, it would have scraped some explosive stuff which would have blown up the machine and killed us all. This morning I took the box to the police headquarters ; they ad- vised me to keep the matter quiet, and they would have a better chance to find the villain who did it. I think I know him." ** It was Red Carl," said the mother, with anguish in her face ; " oh, I hope they will de- tect him and punish him for it." *' He is very sly," said Herr Neumann, " and will be hard to entrap. We must keep silent and give the police all the chance possible." THE STRIKE BEGUN. i8l The visit of their old Neighbor Wagner did the Neumanns much good at that time ; it helped keep their thoughts from dwelling too much upon the wicked attempt upon the lives of their dear ones. In the evening he led family devotions, and the boarders were invited to re- main, and his earnest simple prayers made a deep impression upon the young people. From Frau Schlegel he learned of the evil results of the strike in the community, and deeply sympathized with his old friends in their enforced idleness. Before his departure, he earnestly besought Herr Neumann to come to the West with his family, assuring him that he could do better. " But I am no farmer," said Herr Neumann. "Neither was I," replied his friend, "but I learned, and so can you. The young people could do well there ; they are all of help to you, and it would not be long until you would have a farm and a good home of your own. Of course all beginnings are difficult, I have found that out for myself ; but, with diligence and economy, and above all with God's blessing we shall suc- ceed." The Neumanns were set to thinking over this plan, and, when Herr Wagner proceeded to his Western home, he felt that he had given hints that would at some future time bear fruit. 1 32 I^E,D CARL. None of the family had taken more interest in these accounts of a farmer's life in the far West than had Conrad. He could think of nothing else, and begged his father to let him go as soon as spring opened, and learn farming from Herr Wagner. Herr Neumann glanced toward his wife with a smile, for they both knew that this earnest wish to learn farming was to be attributed more to the pretty brown eyes of Anna Wagner than to any other cause. CHAPTER X. HOLDING OUT ON PRINCIPLE. The police had hoped, by imposing silence upon Alfred Braun and his wife, and by going cautiously about the matter, to throw the would- be murderer off his guard, and thus convict him. But the ubiquitous newspaper reporter got a hint of it, and their plans were frustrated. One of these energetic youths was so determined to learn the particulars, that he at length succeeded in getting a few facts to enlarge upon ; and the next morning a detailed account, with not a few embellishments, appeared in the daily paper. The affair created a profound sensation. The young couple were besieged upon all sides, and scarcely knew how to escape the importunity. At length it was suggested to them to send all inquirers to police headquarters. The Socialist papers declared with insolent boldness, that the whole thing was a malicious fabrication. But when it was impressed upon them that the machine of destruction could be seen at headquarters, they thought it advisable not to pursue the subject farther in that direc- 183 i84 RED CARL. tion, but shifted the responsibility of it upon some one who had a personal enmity against Alfred Braun and his wife, and tried to avenge himself in that way. The press was not so easily satisfied with that explanation. They knew of the incendiary doctrines which were promulgated in the Social- ist gatherings ; they knew that such outrages were the certain results of such teachings, and decided that if such an element ruled in the banding together of the workmen, the sympathy of the public for the cause was at an end. Through all the discussion, however, no knowledge of the perpetrator came to light. Alfred Braun, his wife, and her family were convinced that Red Carl was the enemy, but he had laid his plans so skilfully that there was no proof. They met him one evening on the street, in company with Johannes, and gave him a searching look which he returned with a de- risive smile, which convinced them, had they required any other evidence, that he was the guilty one. " Rest satisfied, and do or say nothing in re- gard to it," said Frau Schlegel that evening, when they told her of it. " Leave the matter entirely in God's hands. He has said, 'Ven- geance is mine, I will repay.' " " We will do nothing further than to keep an HOLDING OUT ON PRINCIPLE. 185 eye upon Red Carl," replied Alfred ; " he may try it again, and the next time be more suc- cessful." " When the Lord does not watch the city, then is the watching of the watchers vain," said Frau Schlegel softly. " But I cannot understand how one can feel such perfect rest and security, without also using our own vigilance and reason." "Very true," replied his aunt, "but you must not think that God is dependent upon your help in order to protect you." The strike in the meantime took its course. If among the workmen there was a strong ele- ment which prevented them from yielding, and going back to their work, so also did the em- ployers exercise the right of determination, and would» not allow themselves to be guided by outside influence. The union managed its members, and in the headquarters, the rein was held very tight. The dissatisfied were kept down, and new means used to encourage the faltering ones to persevere. All were assured that a decided vic- tory would be won if they would struggle for it. A part of the new workmen which had been employed in the factories, had not at first joined the strikers, but after a time they also yielded and joined the majority. The employers them- 1 86 RED CARL. selves were the cause of this move. It did not pay them to keep work going under such cir- cumstances ; so the wages for the men for the few days they could work in each week, were small, and as the union offered them support from the treasury, they could not resist the temptation, so joined the strikers. This victory raised the spirits of the leaders at headquarters, to such an extent that they concluded that they could be satisfied with noth- ing less than the discharging from employment all the anti-union men, particularly the foremen. The employers held themselves quite cool over this new demand. It had become clear to them that until the need and poverty among the workmen had reached its utmost limit, there would be no return of the misguided ones to their posts of duty. For the Spring trade they had already marked out a line of action ; and it was yet several weeks before they need feel any an- xiety for the summer trade. They were not mistaken in supposing that extreme want was near at hand with many of the workmen. It was a sad Christmas and New Year holiday with many of them, that year in Bridethorp. The winter had set in early, and with unusual severity. But few fam- ilies were in position to lay in their supply of winter necessities, and the support given by the HOLDING OUT ON PRINCIPLE. 187 union allowed but a meagre subsistence. The men looked pale and dejected, as did also the wives and daughters, who sewed early and late, to earn a pittance to eke out their scanty living, while the children had not sufficient clothing to keep them comfortable. In many homes some of the furniture had gone into the pawnbroker's hands, for the sake of obtaining food. While the women were exerting their feeble strength to earn bread, the men lounged idly about or went to the Socialist meetings and the saloons, from whence they returned excited, and at times in ill-humor. The exposure from insufficient clothing, and want of necessary food brought much sickness ; and scarlet fever and diphtheria had a long list of victims among the children. The only gleam of brightness for the little ones was the coming Christmas festival in the Sunday schools, to which they had always looked forward for weeks. That year the teachers and superintendents decided to do more than usual to make it a happy time for them, by having a substantial meal ; knowing it would be a great treat to those who had for months been stinted. Besides this, they provided, with the help of benevolent friends, warm clothes, strong shoes, gloves, and other necessary articles. Tears of thankfulness were wept in secret l8g RED CARL. over this thoughtful act of kindness ; and hearts which had grown distrustful through the deceitful teachings of the Socialists were surprised into repentant emotion at this unex- pected token of Christian love and sympathy. The endeavors of benevolent people to search out the needs of the little ones led them to dis- cover the depths of poverty which many of the families had reached. The newspapers brought some heartrending cases of destitution before the public, and a committee of ladies resolved to see into the matter, and found it was all and more than was represented ; and exertions were made to lessen the distress. Many voices were raised in opposition ; the main reason being that the workmen themselves were to blame for all the trouble that had come upon themselves and their families, and that an end of it would soon be reached if they would turn their backs upon the Socialists and return to their work. It was mainly the employers who refused help, and were reminded that if they had no sympathy for the erring men, they ought to consider that the women and innocent children should not be allowed to suffer for the fault of their breadwinners. Many who shook their heads and declared that the strikers deserved no pity, would not HOLDING OUT ON PRINCIPLE. 189 give help openly ; but could not steel their hearts against the misery, and so gave liberally in secret. The committee arranged matters so that through reliable persons, needy families could, by applying, obtain help. Frau Schlegel and Trina Braun were among the most active in this labor of love, and never failed to speak a word for the Master whom they served, when bestowing these gifts. From such an errand they were one evening returning, when they called at Herr Neumann's. Trina had been weeping and Frau Schlegel's face was very sad. ** What is it } What has happened } " said her parents, the moment they saw her. *' O father," said Trina, **we have just come from Bernau's. I have seen much want and sorrow in this work, but such misery I have never seen before. Bernau is sick, and sighs and groans terribly. Frau Bernau is worn to a shadow, and is scarcely able to do anything. Louisa, from sewing so steadily, has weakened her eyes and can no longer sew. There is no food in the house, scarcely any fire, and they are out of coal. They have no furniture except an old table and a few rickety stools. They have no beds, but are lying upon sacks filled with straw, and have scarcely any bedclothes. IQO RED CARL. If people do not help them, and very soon, they will perish from want. We must do something for them. The committee will help them as quickly as they can, but they must have it now." ** What is the matter with Bernau .-* " inquired her father. " I don't know, but think his illness is caused by drink." **But we should not slight him on that account," said Frau Neumann, " they were very kind and helped us in every way they could when we first came here." ** Certainly we must help them," said Herr Neumann. *' I will go now and see what I can do for them. O that miserable drink ! the need is great enough in these times without adding to it by indulging in this vice." As soon as Frau Schlegel and Trina left, Herr Neumann went to Bernau's, accompanied by his wife, whose practical knowledge and helping hand were needed. She took with her some nourishing soup and other prepared food. Bernau looked on in dull indifference while Frau Neumann was arranging it for them, but after he had partaken of some of it, and his bed was made more comfortable, he reached his hand out to them with tears in his eyes. "This is indeed true charity," said he. *' Without help I should certainly have died ; HOLDING OUT ON PRINCIPLE. igi and it would have been no more than I deserved." Herr Neumann was about to reply, but Ber- nau desired him to hear him out. " I know exactly how it stands with me," said he. " In spite of the strike, we need not have been so miserably poor had it not been for my habit of intemperance. But I promise you that if God spares me this time to regain strength, I will do better, and I ask you to help me in this, neighbor. Frau Schlegel has taught me to ask help from above. Neighbor Neumann, you shall never again have occasion to be ashamed of my company." He would have continued, but Herr Neumann did not put much confidence in his protestations having heard them frequently before ; so took his departure, accompanied by Frau Neumann. In the evening, the committee sent wood, coal, and many other things, and, for the time being at least, the poor creatures were more comfortable. This case of extreme destitution was only one of many which the strike devel- oped ; and, in this instance, as well as many others, was shown how vice and thoughtlessness helped to increase the poverty and misery. While the diligent, sober, and frugal of the workmen were kept from extreme want, those who were dependent upon the union and were IQ2 ^^^ CARL, not careful to economize in every way soon reached their last penny, in many cases the greater part of it going into the drinking saloons ; for the power which this deadly enemy has over its victims, is something fearful. Neither honor, nor conscience, nor love of family, nor health, nor even life itself is considered. All is brought as an offering to that Moloch, which yearly slays its tens of thousands. Notwithstanding the help given by the com- mittee during the first few weeks of the new year, the need among the workmen steadily in- creased The provision dealers found it necessary to refuse credit ; the boarding-houses had been given up, and the boarders had disappeared ; it seemed that everything had come to a stand- still, and the powers of darkness still had the advantage. One earnest effort was made to ad- just the differences between labor and capital, but was met by labor with a scornful repulse. The labor question was sometimes introduced in sermons from pulpits in Evangelical churches, and the preachers — to their credit be it said — kept the subject within the limits of the pure, clear gospel. Combatants on both sides were admonished that the solving of the whole prob- lem lay in the fulfilling of the command "Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy mind, HOLDING OUT ON PRINCIPLE. 193 and with all thy soul, and with all thy strength, and thy neighbor as thyself." The effect which these good counsels had up- on the working people, encouraged the help committees to solicit the assistance of the min- isters to act as mediators between them and their employers. In response to this there was a meeting of the ministers, and a committee was appointed to visit the employers and the strikers, and try to effect a reconciliation. The committee entered with zeal into this — the blessed office of peacemaking — and were received very favorably by the employers. These promised to refrain from all unjust demands, and would try to find places for all the work- men ; but the needy ones were not to importune them to discharge those who had been faithful, and particularly the capable foremen. The conversation which the committee had with the workmen was also favorable, so far as they were concerned ; yet one and all declared that they could do nothing ; that only the union had the power to listen to any proposals or second any resolutions ; and advised them to go to headquarters. By the help of some of the more intelligent of the workmen some useful hints were received, and, armed with these, the committee proceeded to the headquarters of the strikers. IQ4 ^'^^ CARL. They were received with studied coldness, and hastened to make known the object of their visit. " We have made the most moderate demands upon the employers," was the reply ; " upon the fulfilment of those demands we must uncondi- tionally stand ; we should be traitors to our cause should we compromise." "But you should be willing for something to be done for the sake of the workmen them- selves, who are in great want and suffering because out of employment," said the com- mittee. *' The employers are responsible for the want and suffering ; no doubt it must be agreeable to them or they would not allow it. Who gave you the right to meddle between the employers and ourselves } have you no business of your own to occupy your time .? " The committee found that it was no use to argue longer, as no good could be done, so long as these people ruled the workmen. But, also, among the employers there was in- creasing anxiety. The manufacture of their goods for the market was of much pecuniary interest to them, and if the strike was not ended in time for the manufacture of summer goods, the aspect of affairs for firms with small capital was serious indeed. Many of these HOLDING OUT ON PRINCIPLE. 195 smaller firms were anxious to favor the demands of the workmen in order to relieve their own embarrassments, which were steadily growing greater. The allied employers again convened to con- sider what steps should be taken, and with so much secrecy that the strikers got no hint of it. Some of the smaller firms were eager to comply with the demands of the workmen, and take them again into their employ, that business might be resumed. But every proposition, though made direct to the workmen, must go to headquarters. There the opinion was, that the strikers were on the eve of victory ; they proclaimed that when the employers were brought to terms every man would have employment, and until then, no individual should accept of a place. Then a new proposition was made. Some of the firms made their workmen the offer of em- ployment, providing they would be at their posts the beginning of the following week. If this 'offer were not accepted, they were then to to consider themselves discharged from their service. A violent agitation was the result of this knowledge at headquarters. To the needy men the case looked really desperate. Even the most frugal of them had reached the end of their 196 RED CARL. means. Some change must come, and very quickly, if they did not wish to go to destruc- tion. On the other hand there were their opposers, fast and unbroken, and requiring submission under a penalty which they were not willing to incur. Many of them wished the strike ended at any price, and considered it right that they should endeavor to hasten it. They insisted upon a call for a general meeting to consider plans for ending the strike, and the time appointed was the following afternoon. Long before the appointed time, the great hall was filled to overflowing. After calling the meeting to order the president asked if there was any one present who wished to make a proposal. One of the older workmen arose and requested the privilege of saying a few words, which was unwillingly granted by the president, for he was expecting some one whom he wished to lead the meeting with a speech. The workman gave first a brief history of the strike. He said that from the beginning he had gone with the majority, and had with them suf- fered hunger and distress. The crisis had now come ; there must be a change. Their families had endured every privation, and had been com- HOLDING OUT ON PRINCIPLE, 197 pelled to accept aid from strangers. He had heard that the treasury of the union was ex- hausted, what was now to be done ? It was a beautiful thing to battle for the sake of prin- ciple, but they could do that no longer; the first principle with them should be to care for themselves and those dependent upon them. He proposed that the strike should be declared ended, and every man be allowed to go back to his work. A formidable tumult followed his remarks. *' Traitor ! Coward ! Who pays you for this } For how much did you sell yourself } " were some of the execrations heaped upon him. "He is right," cried others ; "we can bear it no longer." "How is it with the treasury.? is it empty t " shouted others. " Where did the money go } " It was nearly a quarter of an hour before the tumult subsided sufficiently for the president to introduce the speaker of the evening, who was a secret agent of the Socialists. He began by praising their courage, their faithfulness, their perseverance and consistency which had com- pletely won his admiration. "It is true," said he, "that you have borne much, and I do not wonder that you wish to see the end of it. But I do not agree with the former speaker that you would be willing to see 198 RED CARL. your troubles ended at any price. But would they end by depending upon the favor of the enemy ? It is true you have borne much, and should your trials be in vain ? Would you lay down your arms now and cry for quarter when victory is close at hand ? You tremble at the conclusions of your employers ; you do not know that their haughty words are only to hide their weakness. They think to have you in their power ; but you have them in your power. I tell you that the employers cannot hold out much longer. They must have help or they will go under. Hold on a little while longer. You have borne much ; bear a little longer and not lose the result of your struggle. It is true that the treasury is exhausted, but your broth- ers will not let you suffer. The battle is not merely for your rights but for the rights of your children." But the specious arguments failed this time to satisfy the masses. Their need was too great to allow them to be put off by words. The speaker was frequently interrupted by questions and exclamations. "That does not give bread!" cried one. "How shall we live in the meantime?" shouted another. "You have had none of the priva- tions and can afford to make a good speech in favor of holding out," cried a third. HOLDING OUT ON PRINCIPLE. iqq "The question is this," said the workman who had first spoken, rising to his feet, "is it any use for the sake of ruling in such a cause, to bring our families and ourselves to ruin ? I am convinced that the whole thing is a failure, and it would be madness to continue it any longer." This speech was greeted with hearty ap- plause, and the effect it had might have changed the whole result of the meeting had it not been for a few determined leaders who exercised great control over the workmen, for it often happens that a very small minority can rule a large assembly if they set about it in an energetic and skilful manner. Just then another speaker stepped forward, and all recognized Red Carl. "The question," said he, "is simply this : Are we united workmen going to lose the fruit of our long and bitter struggle, and let ourselves be robbed at the bidding of a coward and a traitor } We have battled and struggled and will have something to say against giving up, now when the victory is nearly won, and by so doing shall we betray our brothers } That shall never happen. The battle will not last much longer, and in the meantime no one need go hungry. And if it should come to that, then the workmen should have energy enough to 200 RED CARL. simply take that which a corrupt society is keeping from them." This last sentence caused a rustle to pass through the audience. Some accepted it with satisfaction and asked him to proceed ; others arose and protested against the remark. At length the treasurer arose and said that he had from different sides received the promise of large sums of money to end the strike. There was also one proposal to continue it. It was put to vote and the majority decided to accept the latter proposition. After the meeting was adjourned, the Neu- manns were talking the matter over in their home when Alfred Braun came in. The ques- tion was anxiously discussed, and Alfred told them in confidence that Amherst & Co. had concluded to begin business again and had engaged a number of workmen from a distance, and were going to instruct them in the business. Also, that fearing they would be molested by the strikers they had petitioned the governor of the State to send military protection. **It is a really terrible state of things," remarked Herr Neumann, "that a person can- not open his own factory and commence busi- ness without danger." The Neumanns had resolved that if the strike was not over in the course of a week they HOLDING OUT ON PRINCIPLE. 2OI would give up their boarding-house. There was no prospect of its being over, so this con- clusion was imparted to the boarders and excited very gloomy feelings. Herr Neumann assured them that it was impossible under the circumstances to keep them any longer ; for he was considerably in debt to the provision dealers, and could not increase his indebtedness. The young men declared that they were sick of being idle, and would try to find employment, and asked him to keep them a little longer, for there would certainly be a change, and then they would pay him for his losses during the strike. Herr Neumann was deeply touched at this, yet could not keep from them that all depended upon the ending of the strike ; and also con- vinced them that it was not his own wishes, but stern necessity that made him give up his boarding-house. It was not at Neumann's house alone, where these gloomy prospects were discussed, but in the streets and in public places, could be heard words of censure against the managers at headquarters, and upon all sides they were blamed for the trouble and misery. But although aware of it, this did not deter them from adhering to their line of action ; nor did 202 RED CARL. they let any power escape from their hands. Their own prudent watchfulness, and the assis- tance they received from friends, furnished them with means to give out the usual allow- ance on the following Saturday afternoon, and the newspapers stated that large contributions from outside were promised. In order to hinder a rebellion in their own ranks, it was arranged that on Monday, the entrance to the different manufactories should be guarded by their best men ; and to strengthen the weak ones, and give their opponents a knowledge of their power, a grand procession was to march through the streets in the after- noon. All went on as was planned ; the procession of strikers as it marched through the streets with banners held aloft, and bands of music, was an imposing affair. The inscriptions upon these banners pro- claimed the nature of the demonstration. " Per- severance wins the day ; " ** Victory or Death ; " "The Social Reform;" "Death to the Fleec- ing System," and other devices of the kind. In the meantime, the enthusiasm which once animated the union had disappeared. The burning eloquence of the speakers had lost much of its effect upon the masses. A gleam of the old-time enthusiasm came to the surface HOLDING OUT ON PRINCIPLE. 203 when the working-men's hymn was sung by the procession — There sounds a cry from land to land, We poor reach out to you the hand ; We call a halt for tyranny, We'll break the yoke of slavery. Chorus — We give a call for freedom here, The banner red, aloft we rear, We'll live by work, or battle to the death. We have been long enough oppressed. Our wrongs henceforth shall be redressed. We battle only for the right, We conquer by the power of might. Chorus — We give a call for freedom here, etc. We ask for freedom, justice, peace ; We ask that tyranny shall cease ; We ask for right to labor on ; We ask just pay for work well done. Chorus — We give a call for freedom here, etc. The next day the Socialist paper gave a glow- ing account of the great demonstration, and said that the success of the movement was assured. But those for whom the report was especially intended were not blinded by this, but followed with energy their plans for bringing yhf^. ■^Xi*^'t to an end. CHAPTER XI. THE EXPLOSION. The employers had not been mistaken in their opinions in regard to the strike. They knew that as soon as the crisis was past, every one of the workmen would be glad to return to his place, and the outlook for this grew from day to day more favorable. In spite of the boasting of the union, the em- ployers knew that only a partial support could be given by it, and that want and discourage- ment would be rife among the workmen. The immigration that year was also greater than usual, had commenced earlier in the sea- son, and was from the industrial parts of Ger- many ; and those unacquainted with the busi- ness could learn it in a short time. At any rate, the arrival of these men served to break the pride of the strikers. Through the secret agents in New York, it was soon known at the striker's headquarters in Bridethorp, that in the next few days a strong force of German immigrants would arrive, and find employment in the factories. 204 THE EXPLOSION. 205 This must be met with all energy ; and it was arranged that the railway depot and the landing were to be watched by the determined strikers, and when the unsuspecting strangers arrived, they were to be met with shouts and other evidences of displeasure, and if possible be dis- heartened from dispersing through the city. Representatives of the firms were also pres- ent, but were immediately surrounded by the strikers and could neither summon the police, nor work their way to the frightened immi- grants. In the meantime the leaders of the strikers had met the strangers and explained the situa- tion. They said that strange men had no right to come there to take the bread from the mouths of workmen already there ; that through the oppression of the employers they were out of work, and threatened the new arrivals with bodily harm if they remained. Finally, the offer was made to send them back free of cost. Confused, alarmed, worried, the poor immi- grants scarcely knew what to do. Several of them were courageous enough to fight their way through and reached in safety the quarters prepared for them, but most of them returned to New York. The employers in the meantime had obtained authority to post a strong force of police at the 2o6 ^^D CARL, depot, to keep the strikers in check, and by this means several immigrant families were safely established in Bridethorp. The increasing poverty of the workmen em- bittered them the more against this energetic move of the employers. The police force was strengthened, yet acts of violence were of fre- quent recurrence in different parts of the city. Some of the new employees were knocked down, and one elderly man whom the strikers had seen working in a factory, was so severely beaten near his own home that his life was despaired of. A provision dealer's store in a retired street was robbed, and fears of an insur- rection grew so great that the governor was petitioned to grant military protection. The next morning a proclamation from the governor calling upon the state militia to be on duty at a moment's notice, was a great comfort to all ; it suppressed in some measure the revo- lutionary spirit, thus giving the order-loving element new courage, for it was not only pres. ent help, but would give them a chance to throw off the Socialist yoke. A few days after, Red Carl made his appear- ance at headquarters filled with excitement, and with a report of what he called fiendish treachery, and it was gathered from his hurried narrative, that a heavy blow had been aimed at THE explosion: 207 the strikers. Amherst & Co. had, by the aid of the night boat, brought up a large number of workmen from New York who were unac- quainted with the business, and some of the old workmen had been employed to instruct them. Among these were Neumann, Bernau, and others who had been in Neumann's family, which made it plain to Red Carl that Alfred Braun had arranged the whole matter. This news spread consternation at headquar- ters. They believed that without doubt other firms would follow the lead of Amherst & Co., and with like results. There was no time to lose. This plan must be frustrated, or in a short time the victory would be on the other side. It was not advisa- ble, they were well aware, to come out openly in this matter, but they had other means at hand. They selected a committee of their reliable men to visit these apostates and bid them return to their allegiance. But they found that these men had well-considered the subject, and could defend their course. Neumann had not only his son but his board- ers on his side ; and met the spokesman of the committee with his opinion of the strike and the injury it had been in every way. He said also that the most of the blame for the misery which had come upon the workmen might be laid at the door of the leaders. 2o8 ^^^ CARL. There was a scene upon hearing these words ; but Neumann and his friends were a set of determined men, who would not be stopped by violence, and the committee felt that it might lead to a bad end. Frau Schlegel came in soon after this visit, with the news that Bernau had been struck in his own house and badly injured ; and from other quarters came reports of similar acts of violence. The following day the consternation increased when it was found that not only Amherst & Co. had commenced work with a good supply of hands, but other firms were following their example. A greater part of the workmen showed an earnest disposition to break away from their leaders, and go back to their old employment. ** Traitor ! Judas ! Coward ! " were some of the epithets heaped upon the deserters when met upon the streets. Several were struck down, and the police had trouble to prevent a general outbreak. Crowds of excited men thronged the streets, and the deserters dared not leave their dwellings. Wild threats and menaces were heard on all sides, and the men who were set to watch found dynamite and other explosives. It became evident that they were on the eve of a momentous catastrophe. Some time, during the night the authorities sent THE EXPLOSION. 209 a telegram to the governor, who ordered the militia to be on the scene. The next morning the signal whistle for the men to come to work at the Amherst factory had just blown when there came a terrible crash, which shook the city like an earthquake. Win- dow glass was shattered, fire alarms were rung, and in a few moments the engines went tearing through the streets. Terrified people gathered in crowds near the factory, while others called to them to stand back. Like wild fire the news ran through the city that the Amherst factory had been blown up by the strikers ; while others said that it was only the engine-house, and that the factory was in flames. It was also said that the strikers who had returned to work had been buried in the ruins. Everybody rushed to the scene of the disaster. Trina had finished preparing breakfast for her husband, and was about to send it to the factory. At the request of his employers, he had provided another foreman to remain with him at night to guard the property in case of an attack from the strikers. Trina knew it to be a dangerous post, and thought often with trem- bling, of the terrible risks to which he was exposed. Shouts in the street attracted her to the win- 2IO ^^Z> CARL. dow, and she saw people running in an excited manner. "The Amherst factory is blown up!" she heard some one call to a neighbor. In fright and anguish she clasped her hands together. " Oh, for God's dear sake," she cried, ** tell me this is not true." The people recognized her, and full of pity for Alfred's young wife, hastened to her. '* Something has happened," said one, " we don't know exactly what it is, we have heard nothing of your husband." Trina could not remain at home, she threw a shawl about her, ran down the steps, and with trembling haste sped through the streets to the factory. How long appeared the time until she could reach it ! A great concourse of people had gathered, and a frightful sight met her gaze. Where the engine-house had stood, was only now a heap of ruins. Part of the mighty fly-wheel lay broken, several hundred feet from the JDlace ; the huge boiler lay in pieces, and the tall chimney was now a pile of brick and mortar. One wall of the factory was partly blown in, while the others had immense cracks, and flames were pouring from it. It was a scene of wild confusion. Many a sorrowing glance was cast at a num- The explosion. 211 ber of still forms, which lay deadly pale, and with garments stained with blood, two of them too terribly disfigured for the people to see. By the first glance which Trina gave to them, she recognized her brother Johannes. He was lying upon a board, and the physician had just finished an examination, and had ordered him to be taken home, as Trina with bitter tears, threw her arms about the silent form. "Where is Alfred.?" said she, starting up; *' where is my husband t " *'Be comforted, Trina," said her brother Conrad, ''Alfred is safe ; there he is." Trina's eyes followed the motion of Conrad's arm, and in one of the windows of the second story she saw him. His arm was bandaged, but he was able to assist others. The great change from intense anxiety to joy, was too much for poor Trina, and she almost fainted. Alfred had seen her, and came as quickly as he could, and on his breast she shed tears of joy. Trina was not of a nervous tem- perament, and she must go and comfort her mother. Her father had already made arrange- ments for the removal of Johannes to his house. Upon all sides people questioned Alfred of the cause of the catastrophe. He was reserved upon the subject, and said there would soon be an examination which would explain the mys- 213 ^ED CARL. tery far better than he could. But the people could not wait for that ; they wished to hear his opinion of it, and all the details. Some of the strikers insisted that it was a boiler explosion, and said it was just what might have been expected from the employing of new and inexperienced hands. These sneering comments reached the ear of Alfred Braun. " It was not a boiler explosion," said he angrily. " I had examined the boiler but a few moments before, and found all in order. Look at the ruins of the boiler ; does it look as though it had exploded } It was no boiler explosion, but a fiendish conspiracy ; and the workers of it will have to answer for it." This bold declaration raised a tumult among the bystanders. ** Prove it ! prove it ! " was shouted on all sides, and insults and threats were heaped upon the accuser. But Alfred had said it, and would not swerve from what he had said. " Do you wish proof } " cried he, " well, you shall have it; "and going to one of the still forms, he removed the covering. A frightful object was exposed to view, which they recog- nized as the mangled corpse of Red Carl. A look of wild hatred and revenge was upon the THE EXPLOSION. 213 Still face, and in his right hand was a dynamite cartridge. "Do you know him?" said Alfred sharply. *• Do you see the man who once before tried to destroy my life .'* Do you see the instrument of death in his hand ? Do you not see that an avenging God has frustrated his plans } Would you say that you have no share in his guilt } That all this wickedness originated with him } No, you may all keep silent, but the day will come when all you villains will have to answer for this day's work." Alfred had in his agitation gone too far for his own safety. A frightful storm of indigna- tion swept over the crowd, and if Alfred's friends had not surrounded him, the strikers would have overpowered him, and much blood- shed might have followed, had not a new event turned attention to another quarter. The sound of martial music, and the measured step of armed men was heard, and the next mo- ment their bayonets were seen gleaming in the bright rays of the morning sun. At the head rode the governor and his staff. At the first call, the regiment from H. had arrived and hastened to the scene of the catas- trophe ; and the governor resolved to see for himself, and by his authority seek to establish peace and order. 214 RED CARL. The appearance of the militia called the com- batants to a halt ; for although they had not the fear which prevails in monarchical countries in regard to the standing army, yet it had its effect in convincing them that they were more than foolish in believing that they could resist them, and with more cusiosity than fear they watched the movements of the militia. A cordon was drawn around the building and then the governor signified that he wished to speak to the people. Under existing cir- cumstances it was not difficult to command silence. " Fellow-citizens," said he, '* by the authori- ties of your city I have been requested to send these men to protect it, and to uphold the laws which you helped to make. These men who upon my call have appeared, belong not to those whose interests are separate from your own. They are also fellow-citizens in like oc- cupations with your own. They have left their employments to execute the laws and secure peace. These laws are the pillars of civil order, without which there can be no prosperity in the world. ** Fellow-citizens, it is a serious thing when part of the community refuse to work. With- out labor the world would be a wilderness. We are all laborers, and find our pleasure and hap- THE EXPLOSION. 215 piness in our work. Far be it from me to meddle with the differences between the em- ployers and the employees. As a servant of the government, my task is only to execute the laws of our state, and secure protection to every citizen. If we find these laws not sufficient for the protection and advantage of all, then we have it in our hands to change them. It ap- pears that violence has taken the place of order here ; be assured that a thorough and impartial investigation will be exercised, and the guilty will be punished. I rely upon you as fellow- citizens of a free country to unite for the up- holding of these laws, and make it possible for me to allow these faithful men whom I have been compelled to call out, to return to their families and their employments." This speech of the governor made a good impression upon the strikers. For months it had been drilled into them that they were an oppressed and unprotected class, debarred from the privileges which they should enjoy, and were entitled to battle to the knife for what they considered their rights. This short, clear speech dispelled the mists of prejudice, and the sophistries of the revolu- tionists. They saw themselves as citizens of a free country, entitled equally with the richest to all its protection and advantages, and as citizens 2i6 ^ED CARL. of the commonwealth could throw their influ- ence into the scale. The firemen had succeeded in extinguishing the flames, the wounded had been carried to their homes ; so the main part of the great crowd of people had gradually dispersed. Under the directions of the members of the firm, the workmen began to remove the rubbish, in which work many of the strikers joined ; while the militia encamped about and took some needed refreshments. A thorough investigation as to the cause of the catastrophe was now undertaken. Through the explosion the fireman had been killed, the engineer had just left his post, to which circum- stance he owed his life, and Alfred Braun was the main witness. He said that since the factory opened he had frequently seen Red Carl near it, but as he had also frequently seen the other strikers, he thought it not worthy of mention, except to charge the workmen to keep watch over them. That morning he had just been in the engine- room, and had seen nothing out of the ordinary appearance; and as he looked at the boiler he saw that it had the usual pressure of steam. He glanced at his watch and found that it was five minutes faster than the clock in the engine- room. He thought that he could rely upon his THE EXPLOSION. 21/ watch, SO turned the hand of the clock forward five minutes, and knew now that it was an error. This error had deceived the fireman ; and he blew the whistle five minutes too soon, and the explosion followed immediately. He had by that time walked out of the engine-room and was passing through the yard to a wing of the factory. The force of the explosion threw him to the ground and a flying stone wounded his arm. He could not believe anything else than that Red Carl was the guilty one, and that he had intended the explosion to occur at the moment when the workmen entered the factory, and only the difference of five minutes in the time had prevented a great loss of life. Circumstances all pointed to Alfred's opinion as being entirely correct. An examination of the boiler showed that it was not an explosion of steam that had broken it to pieces, but some outside power. Upon examining the premises they found a trench which had been used for the laying of a train, and which reached to the great hole under where the engine-house had stood. Had the affair been a sudden impulse, or was it a conspiracy.? Of this there was but one per- son who could give the true answer, and that person was Johannes Neumann, dreadfully 2l8 RED CARL, wounded it was true ; therefore must have been near at the time of the explosion, — but still living. It was known that he was so badly hurt that it was doubtful if he would recover ; but con- sciousness might return, in which case he could tell what he knew, and it was necessary that it should be known for the sake of the innocent and the guilty. " His own family are the ones to induce him to tell what he knows," said Mr. Amherst. " Everybody has confidence in Alfred Braun, and although he is his brother-in-law, he will give us the exact truth without sparing him." So it was decided that Alfred should go to his father-in-law's house immediately, and see if Johannes had regained consciousness. He found the family, with Trina and Frau Schlegel, gathered about the bed of the wounded man. Johannes was perfectly rational, but weak and exhausted. Tears stood in his eyes as he saw Alfred, and he stretched out his hand to him. " Thank God you were saved ! " he whispered, " Oh, it is frightful that I have thus let Satan triumph over me, and tempt me to stain my hands with this horrible crime. But God knows that I did not plan to do harm ; oh, for- give me that I have brought so much trouble upon you all." THE EXPLOSION. 219 He would have continued his lamenting, but Alfred told him he wished him to tell exactly how the explosion occurred. "Yes, that . is right," said Johannes, "the truth shall be told ; I will ease my heart of this burden. Tell them all to come close to me ; I feel that my hours are numbered." The necessary preparations were made to take down his dying testimony, and Johannes told the whole affair. " Carl often said in great excitement, that the work at Amherst & Co. should be stopped, and the best means to do this was to blow up the engine-house. He said it should never be suspected that it was done by design, but people would think that the boiler had exploded. I do not know whether he got any one to help him, but I do know that he was fully capable of doing it himself. He said to me that I must help him. I said at first that I could not ; but he said there was no danger for anybody, for it should be done before the workmen came in the morning. I knew that he had a large quantity of dynamite, and he said it was the easiest thing to lay a train which would reach under the engine-house. He said I must help him, and last night he crept through the trench and laid the mine. He was much vexed, for he feared that some of the explosive stuff was not good. I 220 RED CARL, had to stand watch, and when it was finished I went home. He said he would ignite the mine at least an hour before the whistle sounded for the men to come to work. I never closed my eyes the whole night, but waited every mo- ment to hear the explosion. As the appointed time came and all remained quiet, my heart beat with anguish. I knew his revengeful and evil nature, but could not bear to think that he would wait until the time for the men to assem- ble. I knew that he hated Alfred, and had sent the infernal machine to him, for he had told me so. I could wait no longer ; I sprang up and ran to the factory to try to prevent the terrible deed, or to warn the men. But I came too late, and just as I entered the yard, the explosion came. I was thrown so high in the air that I wonder I was not instantly killed. But death is even now waiting for me ; I know I must die, and I deserve my fate. Carl did not set the train right, or he would have been out of the way when the explosion came ; as it was, he died by the means he had planned for others. God have mercy upon him and upon me." Extras of the newspapers were out the next morning, giving a full account of the catas- trophe, together with the dying testimony of Johannes Neumann. There was great excite- THE EXPLOSION. 221 ment over it, and the anger of the workmen was turned against the leaders of the strike. It was well that the militia was still in the town, or the strikers would have destroyed their own headquarters. They could not lend their sanction to deeds of violence ; such atrocities as murder and incendiarism were not in their line. On the following afternoon at two o'clock, a mass meeting was called, they knew not by whom ; but, as was their custom, all assembled. When the time came for opening the meet- ing, it was found that none of the Socialist leaders were present ; they had left for parts unknown. No one was sorry for it ; all were anxious to see again the return of law and order. The old workman who at the last meeting 4ad spoken in favor of ending the strike, was called to the chair. In a few words he ex- pressed his abhorrence of deeds of violence, and designated them as outgrowths of the Socialist gatherings ; and expressed his desire for the return of order. A committee was appointed to draft the fol- lowing resolutions which were approved by the meeting. " We, the assembled workmen of Bridethorp, give ex- pression to our abhorrence of the shameful atrocity of yesterday morning at the Amherst factory ; and believing 222 l^ED CARL. that such things are injurious to the cause of the working people ; therefore, resolved : 1. That we request the authorities to give a rigid ex- amination into the affair, that the guilty ones may be punished. 2. That the union of the mutual aid societies is only a tool for strange agitators, and unconscionable mischief- makers; so we each resolve to abandon the union. 3. That the strike now existing be declared ended; and every workman be at full liberty to take employment wherever he can obtain it. CHAPTER XII. THE CONFESSION. One has often seen upon a sultry summer afternoon all the evidences of an approaching storm. All nature seems silently waiting for some event. The air is filled with electricity ; vivid flashes of lightning are followed by the low rumblings of thunder, the heavy bank of clouds at the west gradually shuts out the rays of the sun, the rising of the wind, all proclaim that a war of the elements is at hand. Then the storm bursts upon the earth in all its fury ; trees are uprooted, fertile fields are deluged, and the harvests are destroyed, dwell- ings are burned by the lightning, and for the time all nature seems changed. But presently the winds are hushed, the thunder ceases to roll, the sun breaks forth, and in the space of a few hours God's beautiful earth seems to have received new life. So it was with th^ terrible catastrophe in Bridethorp which had brought death and de- struction in its train. Matters had reached a crisis ; the poisonous vapors which had been 223 224 RED CARL. accumulating so long were driven aside ; the stagnant water had risen into a clear flowing stream ; the mists of prejudice had rolled away, and out of the storm and sorrow had come new life. Valuable property had been destroyed, the lives of men in the prime of life had been sacrificed, and it took time for the people to recover from the fright to which they had been subjected. But the sun now shone on better times, new hope sprang up in hearts so long cast down ; the strike was at an end. The tall chimneys of the factories jubilantly sent forth clouds of smoke in the pure, air; at morning and evening, crowds of men were seen moving to and from their work ; the rumbling and buzzing of the machinery sounded again in response to the will of the workmen. The look of hunger had disappeared from the faces of the children, the sad despair in the countenances of the women had given place to joyful hope. The provision dealers were willing again to give credit to the families of the work- men, and the workmen themselves rejoiced that the time of gloom was past. In their first joy at the change in their pros- pects they appeared to forget the losses they had sustained ; all breathed freely, as though relieved of a great burden which had oppressed them. This great change was due in a great THE CONFESSION. 225 measure to the wise counsels of the governor. He had not only made a healthful impression upon the minds of the people by his speech on the morning of the explosion, but when con- vinced that the disturbers of the peace had left the city, he withdrew the militia, and allowed them to return to their homes and occupations. The employers had invited him to meet them that evening as they wished to consider the question of taking the workmen again into their employ. Some of the younger among the employers moved that all those who had been advocates of the strike should be denied work, and thus force them to leave the city. But the governor was decided in his disapproval of this. He considered that the men had been deceived by their leaders, and had been the worst sufferers by it ; and more than that, it was dangerous for them even to express a wish to return to their work. Now by the miserable ending of their control, all was changed. He did not consider it right to triumph over a fallen foe ; but instead, would advise a magnanimous ignoring of the whole affair, and by kindness win them back to confidence and peace. The governor then proceeded to speak of the so-called labor question. He showed how by the flourishing of the industries, a revolution in 226 ^^^ CARL. political economy was brought about, and solu- tions of the new questions of the day brought to the surface for discussion. An inconsiderate regard for advancing one's own interest was injurious to both sides. It was wrong and unjust in the employer to look upon his em- ployees as merely *' hands," only to be appre- ciated for their use in advancing business. The workmen had minds that should be culti- vated. One might say that the workman should look out for these things himself, but this would not do under all circumstances. The state of society was such that all were dependent upon each other, and the strong should care for the weak, the educated should help the ignorant, the prosperous do all they could to advance those who were not. He would not take it upon himself to offer sugges- tions, but as friend to friend he would only say that he considered it the duty of every man, in every way consistent with individual circum- stances, to try to elevate the poorer classes. This opinion of the Governor was heartily endorsed by most of the listeners, particularly Amherst & Co. They resolved to lay aside all stringent measures, and give a helping hand towards again establishing aid societies, and in every way try to help the men who had passed through such a fiery trial. THE CONFESSION. 227 They also had increased respect for the Gov- ernor, a wise and patriotic statesman who, cast- ing a clear glance over existing circumstances, and then with courage and energy could at the proper moment throw the weight of his influ- ence for the right into the scale. Notwithstanding the commercial skies showed some clouds, yet with the opening of the facto- ries, the outlook for working people in Bride- thorp, was quite favorable. Work was pressing, and it not only allowed all hands to be employed, but they worked beyond time to bring up neg- lected work. This made good profits for the employees, and they had a hope of regaining in time what they had lost. Amherst & Co. had set about immediate re- pairs, and in a short time their factory was in full operation. The battle was ended, and those who had lost their lives were mourned ; while the wounded lay upon beds of pain, the leaders hav- ing disappeared, leaving their followers to suf- fer the fruits of their folly. The bodies of the unfortunate men had been committed to mother earth. Besides Carl Holt, there were two others who were killed by the explosion. One of them was a young unmarried workman, and the other was the fire- man, who had left a widow and a large family 228 - J^^D CARL. of small children, whose grief at their sudden bereavement was heartrending. Where were now those professional agitators who, by their artful reasoning and abuse of the employers, made these poor men dissatisfied with their peaceful occupations in which they had hitherto found contentment and happiness ? Gone from the scene of the conflict, and even then speak- ing carelessly of the lost cause, and turning their attention to more mischief. Johannes Neumann was still hovering between life and death, faithfully watched by his mother, his sisters, and Frau Schlegel. Rejoiced as were all to be employed, young and old worked early and late, yet they knew it would be many months before they could recover what they had lost, and be again in the comfortable circumstances they enjoyed before the strike. The most anxiety was felt by those who by the help of the building socie- ties had purchased homes. The monthly pay- ments had not been made, and some of the properties had been confiscated, some sold for considerably less than the full value, and the fruit of years of work, care, and anxiety was lost. Some of the men had lain in bed for weeks, owing to the injury received from the strikers, and were disabled from work. Their assailants were known, and could have been THE CONFESSION. 229 arrested and imprisoned, but their victims did not wish to bring sorrow upon the families. One of these men was Bernau, who after suf- fering a long time, died. His assailant had fled from the city, leaving his family destitute. Bernau had changed much during this season of affliction. Frau Schlegel had great influence over him ; and upon his sick bed he had found time to seek the favor of his Maker ; and had been taken like a brand from the burning. He had come out of darkness into marvellous light, and in peace and hope went to his rest. His sons, who had left during the strike, to seek work elsewhere, had returned to their homes, and the sick and dying bed of their father was not without its impression upon them. They commenced taking interest in God's word, and had become workers in the Sunday School. Through their exertions, the wretched family were at least kept from extreme need. The employers had done their best, to raise the spirits of the workmen. In most factories the aid societies had again been organized. The employers had also, at the request of the workmen, accepted the management of the treasury, upon condition that the workmen should select a committee to keep control of it. The suo:o:estion of the Governor was not for- 230 RED CARL. gotten. It was a support at the right time, for a celebrated lecturer, well known for his philan- thropic ideas, was announced for a series of lec- tures in Bridethorp upon the Social question. One of the most influential of the citizens, considering that this should be known to the public, made arrangements with such good effect, that through the help of the press and free admission, the largest hall in the city was filled. In his first lecture Dr. C. took for his theme the existence of the Social question. He said it was an historical fact that there always had been and always would be a Social question. The ever-continuing changes of human circumstances leads to new forms of society within itself, and in the guiding of these new forms for the well- being of all, stands the solving of the Social question. "The present time — chiefly through the great industries — had to do with the relations between great money power, and a great army of working people. The red Revolutionists would simply by brute force, do away with these proportions ; they would do away with all private property, and propose a communism ; or all property in common. This would be against human nature, and simply impossible. Should one such revolution succeed, the whole THE CONFESSION. 23 system of government would be thrown into chaos. "A revolutionary speaker once declared that communism would be the result of all evolution and development of the social question. First would be the modern political life of unlimited kingdom ; this would be followed by constitu- tional monarchy ; then the republic of citizens, then red revolutionists, and as a crowning of the whole, communism. One might continue it by saying that this might be followed by anarchy, and that by autocratic power. ** It is a false theory on either side to suppose that this question will soon be decided, or that in any way an immediate solution of the ques- tion is at hand. The solution of it is one in which all capable people will take part, and will extend over all demands of common life." In his second lecture the doctor spoke of the stipulations of the social question. "These stipulations," he said, "were indis- pensable, and could be solved only under one condition. This condition has its foundation in the Christian religion. "That the relations between human beings are guided by interest, is the law of the universe or natural law. This law excites ambition, inflames the passions, and stirs up fierce wars against each other. But the law which Chris- 232 RED CARL. tianity gives for the guidance of human beings, is the law of love ; which unites hearts in sym- pathy with each other, and prompts each one to offer himself as a sacrifice for the well-being of his fellow-men. This love prompts the rich to pity and assist the poor ; it prompts the poor to look upon the rich without envy or covetous- ness. Where the law of love rules, the civil relations between men are soon arranged. The communists called themselves Christians ; there is as much difference between them as between light and darkness. Communism would take all ; Christianity would give all." In his third lecture Dr. C s theme was practical means for the solution of the social question. To reach practical ends we should use practical means, keeping a line of action sanctioned by the Christian religion. The first of these is lawgiving. Through the law must sound, healthy relations between capital and labor be secured. This will protect labor from the over-grasping of capital, it will keep capital within limits, that it may not oppress labor, or have destructive influence over it. "The second is education ; the aim of which should be the spiritual and social elevation of the poorer classes. The third is philanthropy. One must become acquainted with the material and spiritual needs of the poorer classes in THE CONFESSION. 233 order to seek to control their strength into right channels." At the conclusion of his lecture he spoke of the pressing need of a sound understanding between capital and labor, the limiting of monopoly, the restraining of drunkenness, the establishment of evening schools, and other means for cultivating the mind, and benevolent societies. These lectures showed knowledge of the fun- damental principles of the social question ; his arguments were clear and practical. They were so popular with the masses, that at the request of some of the prominent citizens, he spoke to an assembly of empjoyers and busi- ness men ; giving a synopsis of the present situation, and means for bettering it. In this lecture he summed up all the main features of the other lectures. He said that people should not wait until all these plans could be success- fully carried out ; that time and circumstance would develop the things necessary to be done, and good will and practical wisdom would point out what was needed. It was clear to every one that the first thing to be done was to better the condition of, the families who were impoverished by the strike, and to give all employment as far as lay in their power. 234 RED CARL. In the meantime a heavy burden rested upon the spirits of Herr Neumann. During the strike he had been compelled to borrow money at a high rate of interest in order to make his payments into the building society; and his indebtedness to the provision dealers had also reached a considerable sum. The rise in the price of provisions had not been compensated by a proportional rise in the price of board, but he had kept the boarders at a disadvantage to himself, knowing that they would be unable to obtain a boarding-place dur- ing those troublous times. In addition to this, Johannes had been upon his sick bed for many weeks. The gains of the family were not equal to all these demands upon it, and there was every reason to fear that the pleasant home in which all had taken so much pleasure, and had used every economy to purchase, would have to be given up. Herr Neumann had not the bartering spirit which characterizes so many, who look upon every new possession as a great acquisition, and when the novelty wears off can turn from it to another which for a time is equally as dear. His heart was set upon his home. Every beam and board in the house was dear to him. Every blade of grass upon his land, he felt had been THE CONFESSION. 235 purchased by some self-denial ; and it seemed to him like giving up part of his life to give up his property. He knew also that the price of real estate had depreciated, and at either a forced or voluntary sale, he would suffer great loss, and the labor of years be swallowed up. This trouble and the sickness of Johannes, and other anxieties in regard to him, threw the happiness of the once cheerful family in deep shadow. One evening they were all seated by their fireside talking over their troubles, — for new embarrassments had arisen that day, — when Alfred, Frau Schlegel, and Trina came in. Alfred had already heard of this new trouble through Trina, but had not spoken of it to his aunt. "Now, what is the matter.?" inquired she, noticing the tears in Frau Neumann's eyes, " is Johannes worse .-* I heard he was better." " It is not about Johannes that we are dis- tressed at this time," was the reply of Frau Neumann, as she burst into tears, "God be praised, he is better ; but we are about to lose our beautiful home. We always longed to have a home of our own ; we all worked hard, and saved every penny to have a certain resting- place for our old age, and now all is useless ; in a few short months everything is gone from 236 RED CARL, US. Oh that those terrible mischief-makers had never come to Bridethorp." Frau Schlegel listened to all this with real sorrow. ** Is it really so bad with you ."^ " she asked, with true sympathy. " Perhaps it is not as bad as you fear. It is true that the times are hard, but now that the strike is over they will be better; and God is over all. Do not be dis- couraged, all will come out right." " I do not see how we can save our home," said Herr Neumann, as he gave her a summary of the situation, " the only thing that I can do, is to sell the place, and thus try to save something out of the wreck." " I would not do that," replied Frau Schlegel, thoughtfully. " When need is greatest, there is help often nearest. There is certainly some other plan for getting out of the difficulty. Let us consider it while we are all together. I have a little money laid by, which I will will- ingly lend you, for I know it will not be lost." *' And I have also a considerable sum which I inherited, and Trina and I are perfectly willing to let you have it," said Alfred. ** No, you must not sell the place ; instead, let us consider what is best to be done." " Thanks ! thanks," said Herr Neumann, with tears in his eyes, "but I dare not take it THE CONFESSION. 237 from you ; it might be lost. If I could push aside the present difficulties, I might not be able to make further payments, and later the break would come." " I think I know of a plan," said Alfred, " in which the place could be paid for, and the title be placed safely into your hands. Let us con- sider what is owing." Together they computed the debt against it, and found that the money loaned by Frau Schlegel and Alfred would cover the whole in- debtedness. The whole family rejoiced at this, and expressed their thanko and gratitude. '' You need not feel under so much obliga- tion to us," said Frau Schlegel, ** the money is safe with you : we know you will pay us the interest, and many happy hours may we all pass together in this house." "Yes," replied Herr Neumann, **but I will not accept the loan unless at least Alfred's name appear upon the deed as part owner of the place. You know this house was built for two families ; we will give the boarders up, and you and Alfred and Trina can come and take the other part of it." This was perfectly satisfactory to all parties, and together they planned and made arrange- ments for the coming change. Johannes was not to die from his terrible 238 RED CARL. wounds. After hovering for weeks between life and death, his youth and good constitution triumphed, and he was in a fair way for recovery. The family had passed through a season of great weariness and distress, during his sickness, for besides loss of sleep and anxiety, they had heard from him during the ravings of fever, of scenes and thoughts relative to the strike, which had caused them to recoil from his sick bed appalled. Only Frau Schlegel's calm voice, and Trina's soft hand could soothe him. All these thoughts left him with the fever that had so parched him, and all his thoughts were fixed upon the needs of his soul. Generally he lay peacefully silent with closed eyes, but the mov- ing of his lips, and his varying countenance showed that his thoughts were busy. Several times when his sister Trina did some little act of kindness for him, his eyes became suffused with tears. The appearance of Alfred Braun also filled him with emotion, and he could never respond to his good wishes except by a pressure of the hand. • Frau Schlegel appeared to be more comfort to him than all. Several times he made the effort to speak to her of his life, but his voice failed him. But he was gratified when she read the Bible to him, and listened attentively to her encouraging conversation. THE CONFESSION. 239 "Oh, Frau Schlegel," said he one day, at length breaking his long silence, "you do not know how wicked I have been. If my father and mother knew all my wickedness, they would not let me remain in the house. Oh that I had never allowed myself to be misled by those deceitful men, and agreed with them in all their dreadful plans. It was my pride and arrogance that brought about my ruin. But God knows my heart ; if I arise from this sick- bed I will lead another life, and my dear parents shall yet be proud of me." Frau Schlegel told him of the mercy of God to those who were truly repentant, and showed him that by his own strength he could do noth- ing; but everything was possible with God. One day she had read to him the parable of the prodigal son, and he had listened very attentively, " I am a prodigal son," said he, after remaining silent for some time; "just so have I done, but to my earthly and my Heavenly Father. Please tell father to come here." Herr Neumann had heard the request, and stepped to the bedside of his son. " Father," said Johannes, in trembling tones, " I have been very wicked, and have done evil against you. Will you forgive me .-* " Herr Neumann was deeply touched, and gave 240 RED CARL. his full and free forgiveness, and Johannes was comforted. One evening Frau Schlegel read aloud to him the fortieth Psalm, and in her simple way ex- plained it to Johannes ; and out of a full heart she spoke to him of the redeeming love of the dear Saviour. ** I have indeed been in the horrible pit, and in the miry clay," said Johannes, "oh, my sins, my sins!" and for the first time in his life, he offered up a sincere, agonized prayer for a par- don of his sins. The sick room after that day was indeed a Bethel. Frau Schlegel requested the minister to visit Johannes. He was an earnest, pious man, fully endowed with the power to lead a seeking soul to the light of the grace of God through the Saviour. After a time, peace came into the heart of the erring man, he felt that he was indeed forgiven ; his joy was a full stream of blessedness, and he proclaimed it to all, that they might too be blessed, as can all who are willing to come to God. The other members of the family viewed with deep astonishment, the change in their brother, and their hearts were deeply touched. Conrad and his sisters were, through their sis- ter Trina, led to the throne of grace ; the par- ents recognized the inefficiency of depending THE CONFESSION. 241 upon the name of Christian alone, and through the conversion of the children they were led to a saving trust in Christ. Their dwelling was vocal with the voice of God, and Susie placed a motto over the door which led into the room of Johannes : " As for me and my house, we will serve the Lord." The spring had come, and the strength of Johannes was slowly returning. He could again walk in the garden and breathe the balmy air ; and with the return of his strength the question arose as to what would be done with him for his offence against the laws of his country. He was now a new creature, but he had been also an accomplice of Carl Holt, who had paid the penalty of his transgression with his life. The family were deeply anxious, knowing that the authorities would feel it their duty to arrest him. Johannes had also thought much of the matter, and believed it to be his duty to offer himself up and receive the punishment which the law inflicted, knowing it to be no more than just. But his family would not lis- ten to this ; they said that he had suffered enough, and no one, under the circumstances, would wish him to suffer more. Some days after this, Alfred was called into the private room of Herr Amherst. 242 RED CARL. *' I hear," said he, "that your brother-in-law has recovered. Rev. H also informed me of the change in him, and I am glad to hear it. But he was an accomplice of Carl Holt, and as such, the law will have to take notice of the affair. I do not wish to see the young man given up to justice, for a long imprisonment might be fatal to him. We wish to keep him from this, not only for his own sake and that of his family, who are good industrious people, but also for your sake. I believe the best thing would be for him to leave the city until the affair is somewhat forgotten. Have you come to any conclusion about it t " Alfred told him of the intention of Johannes of giving himself up to justice, but Herr Amherst did not approve of it. " Take my advice," said he, " we are the main plaintiffs, and we advise him to go away. He will save much trouble by so doing, and he has not much time to lose." Alfred hurried to Herr Neumann's to impart this advice, and the whole family agreed with him. But where should he go 1 Some of the family spoke of Germany ; but the mother was not willing to have him go so far. " I received a letter from Anna Wagner," said Conrad, reddening as he took it from his pocket and gave it to his father to read. THE confession: 243 "They want us to come West and pay them a visit." The family were all pleased with the cordial invitation. The letter stated that farmers were in great demand, and if he wished, he could come and learn the business. The hint was given that if he came and liked it, perhaps the whole family would be induced to come and settle upon the fertile prairies of Kansas. Conrad had thought of going, and said if Johannes would accompany him, he would, he was sure, regain his health in the pure air. The whole family entered with spirit into these plans, and if Johannes must go, it would be better to be there than among strangers, so they decided to go. Johannes was filled with pleasure at the prospect. He felt that among new circum- stances he could commence a new life. Besides, in the family of Herr Wagner he knew that he should enjoy the blessing of Christian compan- ionship; so the next day the brothers set off for the far West. CHAPTER XIII. THE TRAGEDY. Threatening clouds upon the commercial horizon are generally not without significance. If not developing into a catastrophe or " crash," yet they are not without injurious effects. The wonderfully enterprising spirit which distinguishes the people of this country is not without its disadvantages. The immense means which they have at command, especially through the corporations, misleads them, and presses with crushing weight upon every branch of industry. Over-productiveness, and as a sequence stop- page of business, with all its results, presses on to a financial crisis, so that increase or depression of business follows in regular course; and modern business life has become more and more a species of gambling ; the stakes of which are now great winnings and again heavy losses. Prudent business management, leading to a steady accumulation of capital, is on the de- 244 THE TRAGEDY. 245 crease. In place of the cautious methods of former times, inconsiderate investing of means, the employing of too much help, and reckless speculations characterize much of the commer- cial life of the present day. The results are a significant factor in the solution of the so- called social question. The long strike in Bridethorp had given other business communities in the land an increase of workmen, and a widening of manufacturing interests and opportunities. The resuming of work, and the energy with which it was for a time carried on, resulted in an excess of goods on hand, injurious to the manufacturers, and they had to put a check upon production or suffer loss. Under such circumstances, the workman's wages could not be very large, and it was self-evident that there would be pauses in the work for a longer or shorter time ; and all had understanding enough to comprehend the reason for it. There were also other considerations which made the situation of the workmen unpleasant. The harvests in Europe, particularly in the corn-growing regions, were very poor, and great quantities of the rich products of America were shipped to foreign countries. Speculators had bought up the grain, which greatly raised the price for home consumption. For the working 246 RED CARL. people in Bridethorp this was a great privation, for it was with great difficulty they were trying to recover from the strike, and were living from hand to mouth. Spring and summer had passed away, and with the beginning of autumn, and the near prospect of the yearly election, began the agita- tion which generally made its appearance about that time. It lay in the nature of the case that the social question should be a principal factor. People remembered the hints given by Dr. C in his lectures, and the approbation with which they had been received. It was resolved to give his views a fair trial and prove them of practical use. The press took up the cause with zeal, and new rules for factories were sug- gested and adopted. The differences between the employers and the workmen were to be settled by arbitration ; the employers were to provide means for lessening the danger of acci- dents in the factories. The regulating of the hours of work, prohibiting the work of children until a certain age, limiting the work of women in the factories, and compulsory education were some of the new rules adopted. Private benevolence was to provide circulat- ing libraries for the working people, establish evening schools, have free lectures and other THE TRAGEDY. 247 entertainments for the advancement and higher culture of the working classes. Naturally, these innovations gave rise to many useless theories and foolish and imprac- ticable plans, and selfishness made itself here and there visible. If personal interest brought forward plans that were useless, so also, good and sensible suggestions were slighted, because they had not been backed by sufBcient influ- ence. But with all these mistakes, private benefac- tions were a success. Not only had the help committee plenty of funds on hand to meet the needs of the coming winter, but the intellectual needs of the poorer classes were well provided for. A large hall was rented, to which every one had free access, and interesting books, and the latest papers and periodicals furnished. From time to time, lectures were given upon interesting subjects, and three evenings in the week instruction in different departments of practical knowledge. The whole undertaking, as a new movement upon the surface of social life grew in favor, and general interest was taken in it. From time to time, incidents would occur in Bridethorp which would bring the social ques- tion into discussion in order to compare it with Other questions declared to be more momentous. 248 RED CARL. "Last night," said one of these reports, "our city was again the scene of one of those terri- ble deeds which cause the hearts of all peaceable and order-loving citizens to thrill with horror. Alfred Braun, foreman of the Amherst & Co. factory, in company with his brother-in-law, Heinrich Neumann, were returning to their home, and in passing a small dwelling on C Street, heard frightful cries and loud calls for help, and at the same moment, heavy blows. Both men hastened to the spot, and upon open- ing the door, a fearful sight met their gaze. Upon a straw bed in the corner of the room lay a woman dreadfully wounded from the blows of an axe, inflicted by her husband, who was under the influence of liquor. Upon another bed lay two children of nine and twelve years of age, also mortally wounded ; while two smaller chil- dren had crept under a sack of straw in a corner of the room. " The murderer, uttering fearful curses, was with difficulty prevented from making an end of himself. By this time the neighbors had hurried in, and the police had summoned an ambulance, but by the time it arrived the woman was dead. The miserable husband was placed under arrest, apparently unconscious of his dreadful act. "The dwelling is wretched beyond descrip- THE TRAGEDY. 249 tion. No furniture except a few broken articles, their clothing mere rags, the stove without fire, and there was nothing eatable in the house. The children said they had tasted nothing since morning. The mother had waited for the father's return with his wages, but when he came home he was beside himself with drink, and when his wife had asked him for the money to buy food for them, he had, with terrible imprecations, killed her." In commenting upon this account, the news- papers summed the matter up by saying that " much is said of the social question ; and we have nothing to say against it, but in view of such deeds of horror, would it not be more important to draw the attention of the public to the subject of intemperance, the social misery and social destroyer of our homes } " Toward evening the news spread through the city that both children had died of their wounds, and on the following morning the newspapers gave the information that the miserable father had committed suicide in his cell. Such dreadful deeds are not uncommon in the great cities of the world ; but Bridethorp is not a great city, it had been long since such a crime had been perpetrated there ; and the funeral of the innocent sufferers of the terrible crime of intemperance excited heartfelt sympa- 250 RED CARL. thy, while the sermon preached made a great impression. ^ ** What has slain these people ? " said the minister. " What has instigated the miserable husband and father to raise the hand of a mur- derer against the wife of his youth, the children of his love ! Do you know the enemy } Do you know the fiend that stalks through the length and breadth of this beautiful land, destroying the happiness of thousands of families. This husband and father has given himself to the service of this fiend, and a hard, cruel master he has found him. But allow me, dear friends, by the opportunity which this scene affords, and in the presence of this terrible tragedy, to suggest a question for your consideration. Shall we let this demon spread his nets in all the streets of our city to draw unwary feet into his terrible pitfalls ? Will we allow our sons to follow him, step by step, until they become vic- tims of his terrible power } Will you allow him to stretch out his treacherous arms and draw our most promising youth down to destruction } Can you wash your hands clear of this responsi- bility by saying that every one must look out for himself.-* " The earnest words and denunciations of the preacher raised a storm of indignation from the liquor-sellers, and through the press they THE TRAGEDY, 25 uttered their protests. But the greater part of the people gave it 'their hearty support. The ladies of the help committee who had for months been visiting these homes of poverty, raised their voices in commendation of what he had said. They gave many instances of heart- rending destitution which had come under their observation, and one of the ladies declared it to be her firm conviction that nine out of ten of the cases of extreme poverty was due to strong drink. Again, others placed the question before the people, whether it would not be better to turn attention to the sufferings of innocent families from the curse of intemperance rather than to the solution of the social question. They argued that no social or intellectual im- provement could be made among the lower classes while this terrible enemy to all good, had power. " If we wish to do any good," they said, " we must remove temptation. There are many per- sons so weak that they cannot resist tempta- tion, and growing youth are enticed into these dens by those who will make drunkards of them. Of the injury done, there can be but one opinion. The whiskey business cannot be classed among the industries ; it is of no bene- fit, and should be forbidden by a wise legisla- 252 RED CARL. tion. The personal freedom of but few would be interfered with by this line of action. If it could not prevent people themselves from drink- ing it would not give license to offer it to others." It was decided that a great mass meeting should be held, that the matter be given wide circulation, and the proper steps taken to peti- tion the legislature to have it made a law. With great circumspection was the affair ar- ranged. The largest hall in the city was hired, and the best temperance speakers engaged for the evening. At the appointed time the build- ing was filled with people, and hundreds were unable to gain admittance. The subject was handled in a lucid and convincing manner, and with much enthusiasm the conclusion was reached that the legislature should be impor- tuned to add to the State constitution a law forbidding the sale of liquor except as a medi- cine. The committee to prepare this petition was about to be chosen when a well-known advocate of the temperance cause arose and requested the president of the meeting to allow him to say a few words. " My place," said he, " in the temperance movement is so well known that I can add nothing further in defence of the cause. I THE TRAGEDY. 253 vote with my whole heart for this resolution. To forbid the manufacture and sale of spirituous liquors is the only way to put a rein upon that great enemy of mankind, the curse of intem- perance, and all friends of the cause are work- ing or will work for that end. But I cannot think that this aim will be reached at once. It is a noble aim, and through powerful storm- ing must be the fortress of the enemy be taken. But we must not become discouraged, but use wise strategy to make the effort successful. I fear our line of action requires something more to bring it through than legislation. We need the support of a majority of the voters of the state and the enthusiasm which prompts us, must prompt them. And how long will our en- thusiasm last } A frightful tragedy has stirred our feelings to the depths, but the influence will in time be weakened ; other happenings will occupy our attention, and the whole thing will in time cease to absorb our thoughts. This deadly enemy cannot be vanquished by one wave of enthusiasm ; it will require a well- planned determined war, and untiring work. This line of action can only be efficacious in two or three years. Two successive legisla- tions must take it up, and the vote of the peo- ple must be favorable. What will happen in the meantime } Shall the monster be allowed 254 RED CARL. to go his destructive way ? Shall it be allowed to gain strength and expansion, and its extirpa- tion thus be rendered more difficult ? That cannot be the wish of this gathering. While that aim is kept before us, we must also see that the already existing license law should be so amended that the prevailing mischief is sup- pressed. We must not only keep watch over the already existing law, but must make prepa- rations to secure the means to enable the workers to carry out needful plans, and collect useful evidence before turning the weapons upon the liquor-dealers. A great work is before us, and there cannot much be accom- plished by a committee appointed by one meet- ing ; it needs a great organized body of right- minded men and women, who will go into the battle with determination, and through con- stancy to the object, totally rout the enemy from the field." Although at the beginning of this speech some of the members were dissatisfied, yet they were convinced by its arguments, and at the con- clusion it received the approval of the meeting. Various measures were proposed, and finally it was resolved that an organization should be formed under the name of " The Society for the General Welfare ; " and a contribution was taken up to forward the aims of the society. V THE TRAGEDY. 255 A great number of prominent names, with their contributions, were received, and it was resolved to hold another meeting on the follow- ing evening, in which a committee was to be chosen to frame a constitution. This embraced in clear, plain words a practical plan for com- bating the social question of intemperance, and the list of members included the names of men and women known for their patriotism, energy, and benevolence ; and all had confi- dence that the leadership was in competent hands. The Neumanns and Brauns had taken lively interest in this movement, although their opin- ions differed somewhat from those of the speak- ers, and after the meeting, all gathered in the sitting-room at Herr Neumann's. " Now," remarked Heinrich, " the business of the liquor-dealers stands upon a different foot- ing from this evening, if all their plans are carried out." " I fear," said Alfred, thoughtfully, " that it will not be brought about so quickly. They prop themselves upon their license, and think their business as lawful and honorable as any. Therefore they have a better foothold than at first sight appears." "That is what I think," remarked Herr Neu- mann. " I cannot agree with all the speakers 256 RED CARL. said this evening. That the moderate drinking of good new wine, or pure beer must of neces- sity lead to drunkenness, I think is going too far. In the wine-growing regions of Germany, wine is the daily beverage ; and there are fewer drunkards than there are here. I think such rash conclusions injure the cause." *' You must not forget that the fiery drinks of this country are much more harmful than those of the Fatherland ; and yet in the past few years we have heard of more drunkenness even there, than formerly. The German news- papers give more frequent accounts of intem- perance there ; and they will find that, like our- selves, they will have to adopt measures to bat- tle with the destroyer." " That may be," replied Herr Neumann, " and far be it from me to say a word except against strong drink. The drinking-houses everywhere are the fountain-head of all the misery and pov- erty, and our working people would be different persons, were it not for them. Were it not for the vice of intemperance, thousands of people might have a home of their own. The liquor- sellers flourish, and wretchedness is on the increase." "Therefore it is our duty to help all we can in this undertaking," said Alfred. " What a change for the better would soon appear if the THE TRAGEDY. 257 drinking saloons could be all closed. Poor Bernau ; his account chalked upon the door of the fat Z in S street has at length vanished; I have often noticed when pay day comes that Z -stands in his door watch- ing for his customers. The debt must be paid ; and he takes good care that another account be opened before he lets them go. He has a good number on his list, and his new large brick house was built with their money. If the workmen — sane on every other sub- ject — could only be made to see that the liquor-sellers are their worst enemies, they would not allow their money to go into the hands of these blood-suckers. Something must be done. Liquor saloons are springing up like mushrooms ; every disappointed politician, every fellow too lazy to work hires a corner, has a sign painted, buys a counter and some stools, gets a few barrels of beer and some schnapps, and is ready for business. They are complete soiil-destroyers, but I hope their hour has come." Alfred had spoken in excitement, but they were not empty words. The " Society for the General Welfare " had made the establishment of a temperance union among the workmen, and the organizing of lodges, part of their work ; and Alfred joined with eager interest in the 258 KED CARL. bringing in of members ; and together with the Neumanns, had much influence with the Ger- man element, very many of whom joined the society. A great change had come oVer the Neumanns* home Hfe. Morning and evening all joined in family worship,* led sometimes by Herr Neu- mann, and sometimes by Alfred. All had united with the church ; and the younger mem- bers had become faithful workers in the Sunday school. Many of their German friends were encouraged by their example to a better life. They came to Neumanns for advice and com- fort. Frau Schlegel, with her rich experience, administered to their bodily and spiritual needs, and was indeed an honored mother in Israel, — a blessing to a wide circle who loved her for her goodness and usefulness. The minister often spoke of her as his "fel- low-laborer " ; and in cases where he needed assistance, he was always sure to find it in Frau Schlegel. Trina had been compelled to give up her missionary work into capable hands, for since midsummer a new care was added to her happy home life, — a sweet, fair babe, the delight of the whole family. The brothers had sent from the West — which they had reached safely — letters from THE TRAGEDY, 259 time to time, telling of their well-being and occupations ; always with the promise of a more circumstantial account when they had become more accustomed to the place, and could give a more just opinion. In the meantime, the Neumann family, while quite as contented as people usually are, did not consider their circumstances particularly favorable. Both sisters had again obtained work in the factory, but the wages they received v/ere barely sufficient for the mere necessaries of life. They longed for the fresh air outside the factory walls, and the parents longed for it for them. They took no pleasure in the work, yet were not able to live at home. Life in the factory was not so pleasant ta Herr Neumann as it had once been. Ever since the strike, he had never felt the security he had once felt in it as a certain employment- He thou2;ht sometimes that he had made a mis take in leaving the Fatherland. The enthusiasm of Herr Wagner in regard to a farmer's life had also left seeds of discontent in his heart. He often wondered if it would not be better if they were all to go West and commence a new life upon a farm, and he waited for a letter from his sons with secret eagerness, to learn of their success. He had not long to wait ; harvest was scarcely 26o RED CARL. over when there came a long letter from both, written by Conrad, which had a great influence over the family. ^ H Kansas, October 25, 18 — . Dear Home People, — As we have promised, we at last undertake to tell 3'ou all the particulars of our life in this new country, with the hope that you will think well enough, of it to all come here and make it your home. As we have before in- formed you, our journey was made speedily and without acci- dent, and were met in L , a railway station, by Neighbor Wagner and taken to his home, six miles away. The long journey through a long stretch of prairie land, was a great change to us after our northern scenery, and made a great im- pression upon us. This was strengthened when after a night's sleep at Herr Wagner's, our waking eyes looked upon long stretches of land not altogether empty, for here and there were small farmhouses, surrounded by trees, and with thriving fruit- orchards. The country was in its beautiful spring attire, and we looked upon flowers more beautiful than any to be seen in the greenhouses of our gardeners. But the sight of all this bloom and beauty could not keep our thoughts from wander- ing to our own dear home, and the hum and buzz of the factory, and if we had been furnished with wings we should certainly have flown home to you. In the meantime, the hearty reception given us by Herr Wagner and his family relieved somewliat our home-sickness, and the work which was waiting for us drove it finally away, and we have become entirely accustomed to the change. Truly the work was new and strange to us. The idea that a farmer has nothing to do but sit upon the mowing machine and let the horses do all the work, and while he is sleeping his crops are growing is a pretty fancy, but one will find it requires more than that, particularly in harvest time, when the sweat pours from us, and at night we are too tired to sleep. But people can get accustomed to anything, and it will not be such hard work when we get hardened to it. Neighbor Wagner says THE TRAGEDY. 26 1 we shall make good farmers ; and other people say, that for green hands we do pretty well, so altogether we might say we are well satisfied. Neighbor Wagner has indeed a beautiful home, and his ori- ginal house, by several additions, has become of considerable size. He has one hundred and twenty acres of land under cultivation, and has a large fruit orchard. He has cattle in abundance, and they are pastured upon the prairies. His land is clear of debt, and they think this year of putting up stables, and granaries for the haryest. All the people whom we have seen, appear to be doing well, now, although it has not always been favorable with them. The first few years were very hard. Their means were very small, and they had to contend with many disadvantages. Sickness, the drought, and after that the grasshoppers, set them back ; but their perseverance and diligence overcame all hindrances. Several good harvests brought them up again, and the last four years have been very prosperous. About a mile from here is a schoolhouse, and every Sunday afternoon we have a Sunday School conducted by Herr Wag- ner. Every two weeks there is preaching at L , and we go whenever the weather is fit. Herr Wagner is much esteemed in all the country around, and possesses great influence in the church. Johannes is frequently requested by him to speak in the Sunday school, and once he has spoken in another assem- bly. Many people say he should study for the ministry. The minister and Herr Wagner have spoken to him about it, and he also seems to be anxiously considering it. He says he wishes to be guided entirely by God's will in the matter. T must now tell you that I am betrothed to Anna Wagner. Her father and mother have accepted me affectionately and say I shall be welcome as a son. We are both young, so will not be married for some time, and Herr Wagner is to let us have a farm near his own, which he is to buy from a neighbor. I have now told you exactly how we are situated. No one can expect to secure a home without labor, but with that, and confidence in God they will succeed. It would rejoice us if 262 RED CARL. you would all make up your minds to come, Herr Wagner strongly advises it, and there are good opportunities to obtain partly cultivated land now. One man who has a good-sized farm here, was seized with the gold fever and has gone to Colorado. This farm is railroad land and can be paid for in long instal- ments. Something like three or four hundred dollars would secure you the ownership of a farm of new land. Herr Wag- ner is willing to give you all possible help and advice. I believe that you all, particularly Heinrich, Susie, and Marie, would like farm life, and if you will come in the spring we will in the meantime take it, cultivate all we can of it, and have it in readiness for you. May the Lord guide us all in what is best. Your son, Conrad Neumann. This letter was read with deep interest by every member of the family, and with different emotions. Trina was deeply sad at the "thought of all going so far from her ; yet saw her father's heart was set upon going, so said noth- ing to discourage them. Heinrich grasped the prospect eagerly, and the girls, who were heart- ily tired of factory life, were also eager for a change ; though sorry to leave Trina. The mother said that where her husband and chil- dren were happy, there she would gladly go. The only question was for means to make the journey ; and Alfred, seeing that they were anxious to go, told them he had not the least objection to selling his part of the dwelling and would willingly lend them the money obtained from the sale of it. Herr Neumann would not THE TRAGEDY. 263 accept of the loan but was gratified by Alfred's willingness to oblige him. It seemed that everything favored the plan. It was scarcely known that Neumann wished to sell the house, before a purchaser was on hand, who would not only give a fair price, but would give cash for a large share of the purchase money, and would pay the balance in a very short time. So the Neumanns were thus able to secure the farm near Herr Wagner, and made all their arrangements to go to Kansas in the spring. CHAPTER XIV. PRAIRIE LIFE. It was a beautiful day in early spring, when a heavily-laden immigrant train steamed into the depot of L , a station on the Atchison and Topeka and Santa Fe railway. The passengers alighted from the cars, heav- ily burdened with packages and baskets ; some met and welcomed by friends, others standing about singly and in groups, looking around them in a rather forlorn manner, as though wondering what they should do. Amoflg those who had acquaintances to meet them and make them welcome, were the Neu- manns, who were received with delight by Herr Wagner and Conrad, and taken to their new home. Johannes was also there, and was the first to see the weary travellers as they de- scended from the car. " Here you are," cried he, with tears in his eyes at the sight of the dear familiar faces ; and the next moment they were all warmly embracing, delighted to meet again, while Herr Wagner stood smilingly by, awaiting his turn. 264 PRAIRIE LIFE. 265 "Now, boys," said he, when the first joy at seeing each other had somewhat subsided, "let us get this baggage all together, and on our way home we shall have time to talk to our hearts' content." He received from Herr Neumann the checks, went to the baggage-master and collected the many articles, while the boys brought the large farm wagon to the entrance and stowed them all in safely, and Herr Wagner and Johannes drove away with it. "See how well prepared we are to receive you," said Conrad with a smile, as he drove two fine horses, attached to a new farm wagon, up to the waiting-room for the family. They all were seated comfortably, and in the beautiful mellow twilight, drove over the fra- grant prairie to their new home. The evening was mild and the ground moist, yet not wet, and they made good progress ; but the Neu- manns were weary from their long journey, and took but little notice of the country, except that Susie and Marie could not help expressing their astonishment at the quietude and loneli- ness. " But you will soon get accustomed to it," said Conrad, "then it will appear entirely differ- ent to you. To be sure, it is not a manufactur- ing city, but it is really well settled." 266 RED CARL. The conversation then drifted to other sub- jects, for Conrad was eager to hear of all the people in the home he had left, and every little incident was of interest to him. "There is our new house," said he, pointing with his whip to a building which did not show to much advantage in contrast to the broad prairie. " Oh how small, how very small it is ; " cried his mother and sisters. " How can we ever find room in it .? " "Truly, it is not our house in Bridethorp," said Conrad, dryly, "but here on the prairie, wood is scarce and dear. Wait until we get fairly started into farming, and get our land paid for, and have a good harvest, and then you will see what a house we will build. There is more room in that little house than you im- agine, although it looks so small from here; and people learn to do without many things here which they once thought impossible." It was night when they reached the dwelling. It was lighted up, and when the wagon came to the door, Frau Wagner and Anna came out with beaming eyes to receive them, and con- ducted them in ; and the Neumanns were sur- prised to see how much larger it appeared when close at hand. " May the Lord bless you in your new PRAIRIE LIFE. 26/ home," said Frau Wagner, reverently, as they entered ; and she helped them remove their wrappings and provided means for them to refresh themselves by bathing face and hands in cool, fresh water. By this time, Anna had the supper upon the table. " Leave all the baggage outside," said Herr Wagner, "and after supper we will arrange it all in order." The room was of good size, and in one corner was a large stove, in which was a bright fire, which not only had served to cook the sup- per, but was a welcome sight to the travellers, who had driven a long distance in the chilly night air. A large table with a snow-white cloth was in the middle of the room, and upon it was a vari- ety of well-prepared viands. After offering thanks to the Giver of all good, they enjoyed the bountiful repast, and acknowl- edged that even in that solitude, there was as rich and nourishing food as was to be found in the home they had left. The good opportunity for purchasing a farm, mentioned in Conrad's letter, had been seized by Herr Wagner, and it had been bought at a very moderate sum. It would be three years before the next payment would have to be 268 ^^^ CARL. made. Now that the first instalment was paid, only the interest would have to be met, and this they had already on hand ; and Herr Wag- ner had in all things planned well for them. From the former owner, who had gone to Colorado, he had purchased two good cows, and some farming tools, a span of strong horses, and a new wagon. He had bought ploughs at a town thirty miles distant, and from it had also hauled boards to build a new fence. Twenty acres of the land had been sown in wheat by the former owner, and Johannes and Conrad, acting upon the advice of Herr Wagner, had, the fall before, broken up more land, and it was now ready for use. After supper all these things were imparted to the Neumanns, who expressed their satisfac- tion with all that had been done. But Herr Wagner did not wish for thanks ; he felt that he had done no more than the Neu- manns would have done for him under like cir- cumstances. " Here upon the prairie," said he, " we all help each other ; and it is a great pleasure to have our old neighbors here, with whom we have always lived in peace and friendship, and at all times you will find willing hearts and ready hands when needed. And now I know you are weary, and long to get to rest ; so we PRAIRIE LIFE, 269 will bring in the big chest, which you say con- tains the bedclothes, and my wife and daughter will help your women to fix up places to sleep, and then we will leave you." The chest was taken out and unpacked, and the other things left in the wagon. " There is no risk in leaving them here on the prairie," said Herr Wagner, *' but we will leave Carlo to watch them. Conrad will put our horses to your wagon to take us home, and to- morrow we will come again to see you." The things were removed from the table, and all put in order and placed away by the careful hands of Frau Wagner and Anna ; then the table was pushed to one side, and a bed made for the boys upon the floor ; Herr and Frau Neumann found a comfortable resting-place in a little room curtained off from the main room, while the girls went to the low room overhead. As soon as the Wagners left, the Neumanns held family service in their new home ; then sought their humble couches, and were soon in a deep, sweet sleep. When they arose the next morning, they saw how carefully the Wagners had prepared for their comfort. In a great box they found meal, flour, sugar, coffee, tea, and many other things, besides enough of cooked food to last for a couple of days at least. A lot of coal and 2/0 RED CARL. wood was in the tiny cellar, also potatoes and some salt meat. The breakfast was just ready, and Frau Neu- mann had stepped to the door to take a look over the beautiful prairie, when she saw Frau Wagner coming toward the house, and in a few moments she stepped briskly in. " We came to bring you some cream for your coffee, which I see bubbling upon the stove," said she cheerily, " have you eggs .<*" At that moment Conrad came in with a dish full of fine fresh eggs. ** Now," said his mother delightedly, " where did you get the beauties } " **We have two nests in the barn, and be- sides that we have two hens setting on nests full of eggs." At that moment Herr Wagner came in with a pitcher of fresh water, and all sat down to the table, to which places had been set for Herr and Frau Wagner. • After morning service the men went about the farm, while Conrad drove the two cows — each with a fine calf at its side — out on the prairie, where they were received by a young man on horseback, who took them in his charge with many others. The stable was the subject which was occu- pying the thoughts of Herr Neumann at that PRAIRIE LIFE. 271 time, and they visited there first. They were prairie sheds simply constructed, merely a scaffolding of branches of trees, covered with straw for a roof. "These sheds are cheaper than anything else we can have, and answer every purpose," said Herr Wagner. In two corners of one of them were the nests and hens of which Conrad had spoken. " Your chickens are the contributions of our neighbors," remarked Herr Wagner, " they all wished to have a share in welcoming you." " Our neighbors ! " said Susie, who had also been upon a tour of inspection, " where in the world are they .? " " All around and about us," smiled Johannes. "I looked all over the prairie when I first arose this morning, and could not see a house except Herr Wagner's." "Now," said Johannes, "you are much mis- taken. Don't you see that little brown house } " pointing to a small speck in the distance, "and that one } and that one } They are some dis- tance away, that is true ; but we are surrounded by settlers, and you will find them always near if you need help. They will come soon to make your acquaintance. Frau Neumann and her daughters were much pleased that a piece of land had been fenced in 272 RED CARL. and cultivated for a garden. Certainly, it was not a handsome fence, but was a protection against the encroachments of the poultry, ** Many farmers," remarked Herr Wagner, "think they have no land to spare, nor time to cultivate a garden ; but in my opinion, there is nothing more important upon the farm than a good vegetable garden, and no family can be healthy and comfortable without plenty of good fresh vegetables." "We agree with you there," replied Frau Neumann, cheerfully ; " even in Bridethorp, where land was not so plenty, we had an excellent garden, and many, many happy hours we all passed in it. I consider a garden one of the necessities." "The potatoes are already in the ground," said Johannes, "and there are enough for the family for the year, and some to sell." "The next thing to be done," said Neighbor Wagner, " is to prepare the land for corn. The wheat has come up beautifully, and there is every promise of a good harvest, the next crop in value is the corn." " Do you plant much on your farm V asked Herr Neumann. "Yes, we raise a great deal, and when the price is down we feed it liberally to the swine and turn it into pork. I have a nice young pig for you." PRAIRIE LIFE. VZ While Neighbor Wagner was thus giving little hints from his experience, Frau Wagner was telling the women of her manner of living, far from the conveniences to which all had been accustomed, and happily the time passed away. It was considered best for Conrad to remain with his parents, and help with the farm work, while Johannes would return to the Wagner's, who needed a man on their farm. He was to help his father when needed, and the two fami- lies assisted in this way each other, as indeed did all who called to see them offer all the assistance in their power. It was not long before Herr Neumann called upon them in response to this kind offer ; for his house was too small for his large family, and by the help of Herr Wagner and other neighbors, he put up a summer kitchen. The large cook-stove was moved out there, and the heat thus kept from the sitting-room. By this arrangement and other changes, room was made for many little articles which the family had brought from the East. After they were fairly settled, and the visits of the neighbors had become less frequent as the busy season drew on, the family felt that they were indeed in a new world. They had entirely new surroundings, new society, new, unaccustomed, and, at many times, hard work ; 274 ^^^ CARL, but they were not discouraged, indeed, at most times, were cheerful and happy. They were all together, were in good health, had an object in view; and, more than all, they knew where to find comfort in every trouble and affliction of this life. The hour of family worship, morning and evening, was a refreshment to their spirits ; in it they found courage for the battle of daily life, and their hearts were bound more closely in the bonds of Christian love. Sunday was to them indeed a festival. The Germans in their neighborhood were God-fearing people, and they all met at the little schoolhouse, to hear the preached word from a servant of Christ whose heart was set upon the saving of souls. In the first week of their settling there, he had come from L to visit them, and was rejoiced to find that they were followers of the blessed Master, and active workers in the church and Sunday school. There were a few persons in the region who were not guided by religious impulses ; but the influence of their Christian neighbors was such that they seldom gave expression to their views. Conrad was often a guest at Herr Wagner's, and was always received in a friendly manner, and where his experience was not sufficient in regard to his father's farm, the advice of Herr PRAIRIE LIFE. 275 Wagner was asked, who made it a point to visit the Neumanns at least once a week to see that all was going on right. The difference between farm work in Amer- ica and that of Germany, of which alone the Neumanns had any knowledge, caused them to make many laughable mistakes, and placed them in many comical situations. But the most of these worked no injury, and they laughed as heartily as any one over them, especially when they found that some others in their early pio- neer life had been no wiser than they. Havino^ so much workinfc strenoth anion": themselves was a great advantage to the Neu- manns. Their farming was quickly done, and in good season, therefore they had time in the middle of summer to break up more prairie land to cultivate, and the more they prepared for use, the more eager were the young people to claim more. When a little money by chance came into their hands, they would have liked to spend it in embellishing their house or garden, but felt that it should be used in the cultivation of the land ; so farming utensils were bought, they added to the number of their cattle, and their grain was among the best in the State. The scarcity of money was indeed a great inconvenience. They had been accustomed 2/6 RED CARL. every two weeks to receive their wages for their work, and with it purchase such things as they needed ; now it would be months at a time that they would not have any money in their hands ; and Susie laughingly feared that they would for- get what it was. Groceries had to be paid for with butter and eggs ; the hired help had to wait until after harvest for their wages, and in all circumstances they were compelled to do without money. All this was inconvenient to people accustomed to it, economical although they were, and had always been ; but they saw that others were in the same condition, and as harvest would bring things right, they grew accustomed to this privation also. Great hopes were therefore centred in their first crop. If this should prove good, they felt that they would have courage and assurance for all succeeding harvests. Many gentle rains had freshened the moist earth, the golden wheat waved in the soft summer breeze, the corn was filling out well, and all things gave promise of a bountiful harvest. ** It is really beautiful upon the prairie," re- marked Marie to her sister, one evening as they were looking from their door " That field of wheat looks like a sunny sea, only that it is not water that is rising and swelling in the gentle wind, but the fruit of our diligence. And the PRAIRIE LIFE. 277 best of it is that it all belongs to us. Mother says that the richest landholder that she knows in the Fatherland does not own so much as we. Ought we not to be proud "i " " We have a right to be pleased with it," answered Susie, " and we do live a happy life here, even if we do have to work hard. But work has not done us any harm ; we certainly have all grown stronger. Yet I cannot say that I do not miss anything out of our life here. In these immense tracts of land I feel lonely. If there were only some trees or something to rest one's eyes upon. How many pleasant hours we spent in our garden with its apple-trees ; and here there is not a single fruit tree, and on all this wide prairie not a bush ; it is to me like a week without Sunday." " But you must remember that the country is new," said Marie, "just look how Neighbor Wagner has improved his farm. He has a beautiful grove of trees, and fruit-orchards, and in a year or so they expect to have peaches. They tell us that all the people who take up land here, plant orchards, but the man who owned this place went away before he had time to plant fruit-trees." " I know that," said Susie, "but a place with- out trees is far from pretty. I do love shade, and trees of any and all kinds, and hope we 2^8 RED CARL. shall soon have them. Father and the boys were speaking of them yesterday, for Heinrich loves to talk of nothing so well. He has selected a place for the orchard, and Neighbor Wagner says his idea is very good. He also says that he will see that we have a good kind of fruit and shade trees, and in the spring will help to set them out. But it takes trees so long to grow." " Yes, but I have heard that they grow very fast here ; but," continued she, laughingly, "you need not have to wait so long to see trees growing. Albert Wenzel's farm has a fine orchard, I have been told, and his grove of trees is almost a woods." " What is Albert Wenzel's farm to me ? " said Susie, blushing and laughing, " he cares nothing for me." " Who does he come to see, if not you } " said Marie teasingly, " it is not father and the boys ; he can learn nothing of them ; and he knows that Neighbor Wagner gives them all the ad- vice they require. I have watched him, and when talking to me, his eyes wander to you ; when I make a remark he gives a reply that shows that his thoughts are wandering; but if you speak, he seems to hear nothing else." " Well, what do you make out of all that ? " PRAIRIE LIFE. 279 questioned Susie smilingly, " but come, it is time to get supper." The sisters went cheerily into the kitchen, and prepared a dish of potatoes and other things for supper, and just then the mother came in with a foaming bucket of milk ; Marie went to assist her in putting it away, and the conversation was not resumed. Albert Wenzel was the only son of a German farmer who lived some miles away, upon the oldest farm in that region. He had seen Susie in church and Sunday School, and was charmed with her gentle, modest manner ; so had fre- quently visited at Neumanns, and all were pleased with the intelligent and handsome young man. A week passed away, and the Neumann fam- ily had occasion to realize that catastrophes could happen on the broad waste of prairie, as well as among the hills and valleys, in the crowdel cities, or upon the deep sea. The harvest was being gathered, and the strong horses were drawing the great reaping- machines, and wagons piled high with heavy- headed wheat were being drawn to huge stacks, while the women were kept busy preparing food for the harvesters. The Neumanns had helped Herr Wagner bring in his harvest, and now the Wagners' 28o ^^^ CARL. force were helping the Neumanns. The day had been exceedingly warm, and about noon grew so oppressively sultry and still that the men looked toward the west, where heavy clouds were banking, hoping that a refreshing breeze would spring up. The clouds grew heavier, and they saw that a storm was brew- ing, and hastened to get the last load in safety before it broke upon them. "What is that.'*" cried Conrad, as he saw a huge black cloud of singular appearance, which was moving with great rapidity, and with a roaring sound. " God protect us ! " said Herr Wagner, " it is a cyclone. Woe be to everything that is in its path." " What is a cyclone } " "That you would have had a chance to see for yourself, but, thank God, it has passed us by. Let us hasten to reach the house, for the women, I know, are frightened, and your father and Johannes have not yet reached it." The terrible black mass of cloud was funnel- shaped, reaching nearly to the earth ; in the centre it seemed to be whirling with fearful rapidity, and vivid flashes of lightning and peals of thunder came from it. It made a frightful roaring sound as it swept by, tearing everything to pieces in its track. PRAIRIE LIFE, 28 1 " The danger of the cyclone is past for us ; " said Herr Wagner, as he reached Neumann's house quickly followed by the others, " and I am thankful for that and also for shelter, for the rain will come in torrents in a few moments." He was right in his conjecture, for it poured down violently for more than an hour ; and they discussed the probable danger which the cyclone would work on its path. Herr Wagner was very silent, and all knew that his fears for the fate of his neighbors whose farms lay in the way of the cyclone were very great. It was not long after the storm was over, before a lad came by and confirmed their worst fears. Wenzel's house was blown away, and it was a mercy that the lives of himself and his wife were preserved. " Had we not better go, and see if we can help them } " said Susie, who had turned deadly pale upon hearing the news. ** Certainly," said her father, "we will go immediately." The horses were quickly put to the wagon, and Herr Wagner and Conrad accompanied him to the Wenzel farm. Their way was directly in the path traversed by the cyclone, and everything was destroyed. Animals were killed, and their carcasses covered with mud. Poultry were robbed of their feathers and torn 282 RED CARL. to pieces, some dwellings were blown entirely away, others had only the roofs taken off, sev- eral persons were killed, and many wounded. One instance of the terrible power of the whirlwind was seen in a farmyard through which it had passed. It had taken up a large farm wagon and splintered it into firewood, and the tire off one of the heavy wheels was twisted about the trunk of a tree which had been broken off by the force of the storm. Wenzel's house was entirely destroyed, and most of his cattle killed. When they saw the storm coming they rushed from their house, knowing it to be safer outside. Herr Wenzel was dragged a considerable distance away, and his wife was taken up by the whirlwind and fell into a trench. It was fortunate for them that they did not catch the full force of it, or their lives would have been lost. The son had found them, and with the assistance of the neighbors, revived them. It was by a miracle also that Albert's life was spared. He was in the field when he saw the cyclone coming. He threw himself down by a hedge, and grasped the strong roots with both hands. ** It was entirely dark at one time," said he, " and the howling of the storm was terrific. I was thrown about here and there against the PRAIRIE LIFE. 283 hedge, and so torn and bruised that I cried out with pain ; but I knew it would be certain death to let go. It went as quickly as it came, and I found myself plastered with mud, and my clothes torn to pieces." The hedge looked as though it had been raked with a huge iron comb, all the leaves were gone and the branches twisted and broken. Had the whirlwind passed over a thickly settled country, the loss of life would have been terrible. Everybody lent a helping hand, and the next day all set to work to put Wenzel's farm in order. The scattered grain was gathered as much as possible, cattle and horses were col- lected, a temporary dwelling built, and sheds for the cattle. They were in good circum- stances, so it was not long before they could recover what they had lost. Others who had suffered by the storm were not so able to bear the loss, and help came to them from far and near. At the Neumanns, this unexpected visitor gave much food for reflection. They knew nothing of cyclones, and had no idea that they were to be so much dreaded in that peaceful- looking place, and especially among the women it created a feeling of discouragement. The neighbors solaced them by telling them that such an event was of rare occurrence, and in 284 RED CARL. all their experience this was the first cyclone they had ever seen. Moreover, they felt themselves in God's hands, and this was more comfort to them than aught else ; for they knew that noth- ing could hurt them if he so willed. Were they not then foolish to indulge in such misgivings ? It was a great blessing for the Neumanns that the harvest was so good that year, and their corn crop was uncommonly fine. The price, it was true, was moderate but firm ; and so they not only had a good supply for them- selves, but enough to sell to pay the interest for the next year ; and to purchase some neces- sary articles for the family, and to carry on the farming. The first need was a pair of good horses, so that Heinrich could help work the farm, and also cultivate the land they had broken up. After harvest they could put a larger tract under cultivation for wheat, and were san- guine that, with the sale of what they could raise, the debt upon the land could be paid. The winter brought several snowstorms, and at times the communication between the neigh- bors was cut off, but the blockade did not last long, and the friendship among the families was very pleasant to all. Church and Sunday school were the main places of meeting, and they were not only glad PRAIRIE LIFE. 285 to see each others' faces, but their hearts received new refreshment from above ; the most beautiful of consecrations ; the foundation of all earthly happiness. In the early part of May, Albert Wenzel took Susie to his home. His father's house had been rebuilt, and since the cyclone, his mother had been ailing, and Susie was much needed there. Her parents, while sorry to part with her, had every confidence in the husband of her choice, for he was a sincere Christian. Their home well merited the opinion of a friend who knew and esteemed them. Where there is f?ith, there is love ; Where love, there is peace ; Where peace, there is blessing ; Where blessing, there is God ; Where God, there is no need. CHAPTER XV. A CHARMING OUTLOOK. With the settling of the Neumanns in their new home, their interest in those left in Bride- thorp, though for a time crowded aside by the exigencies of their daily life, was as keen as when they resided among them. Letters from Trina and Alfred were eagerly looked for, and perused by the family over and over again. One letter from Alfred to Conrad gave them food for pleasant reflection. Bridethorp, May i8, i8 — . Dear Brother, — With great pleasure we have read your welcome letters, telling us of your interest in farming, and success in your new life. Every letter brings a festival to us. It is hard that we are so far apart ; and were it not for our little ouqs, Trina would often be homesick. Some- times we consider how pleasant it would be for us to be there also ; but I can make a good living here, and in my way can do good, and think it would not be right to leave ; and, upon reflection, Trina thinks the same. It pleases us that Susie is so happily married ; may God bless her in her new home. We also have much to be grateful for. Our dear children are healthy and good ; we have our happy little home ; the house is new, and the 286 A CHARMING OUTLOOK. 287 greater part of it paid for, and Trina is charmed to have a home of our own. She says we will never part with it. "Not even to go to Kansas.?" said I once ; but the tears came into her eyes, and she said, " Don't offer that inducement, it grieves my heart. You know how I long to be near my dear ones." Aunt Schlegel is of course with us in our new home. She is still the much-serving Martha, combined with the meek and loving Mary ; and the greatest earthly comfort to my Trina since parted from her mother ; and truly no mother and daughter could live more happily together. You ask me in your last letter about the doings in Bridethorp, and particularly in regard to the labor question ; and as I know you take a keen interest in all your old comrades, I will tell you the present state of the case. The remedy which it was expected the Legislature would offer in the strife between capital and labor, will not, judging by the last session, soon be given. The design of our deputies to have the new factory regula- tions made a law by the legislature, was the theme when you left. Efforts were being made to induce the ruling political party to introduce this law into the constitution. But from the promises of a political party, to the execu- tion of them, if not to their interest, is sometimes a long step. At any rate, the petition was placed before them, but so many beautiful theories appeared, that the com- mittee were drawn into earnest discussions of them. After much talk on both sides, it was decided that the petition had so many absurd, unjust, and impracticable points about it, that part of it was stricken out. Addi- tions were made to it, and they in turn were stricken out to give place to others ; and finally the conclusion was reached that the petition had so little in it that could be considered of advantage to the labor question, and gave 288 RE^ CARL. evidence of so much haste in its preparation, that it was wholly unsuited as a foundation for a factory law. So the project was abandoned: but later a committee was named, who were to negotiate with the interested parties, between now and the next meeting of the Legislature, and upon this foundation build up a just law for the protec- tion of labor. This committee is made up of responsible people, and it is hoped that good work will be done. "The Society for the General Welfare," which as you know had for its main object the enactment of a prohibition law, has proved to be a great blessing to the State. The men who were sent to the capital entrusted with this mat- ter, found very soon that they need not expect much help in the passing of that law by the legislators then in ses- sion. Yet they worked untiringly to bring through a law that would at least limit the sale of the poison. After much balloting to determine how many drinking places should be allowed to a specified district, it was de- cided that in no case should more than one be allowed to a population of one thousand. The carrying on of drink- ing places was also to be done under many restrictions : first a high license was placed upon them ; they must be closed on Sunday ; no spirituous liquors be sold to minors ; the prosecution of landlords upon whose premises an intoxicated person was found, and the inability to collect a debt for liquor. * The adoption of these rules made a great agitation among the hquor-sellers, and were combated with all energy, but the law had passed by a considerable major- ity ; and had received the signature of the governor. The results were almost immediate. A large number of the most disreputable of the liquor-sellers are gone ; we have now peaceful, quiet Sundays ; churches and Sunday schools are better attended, and the material and moral A CHARMING OUTLOOtC. 289 condition of the people much improved. We have very few of those drunken scenes which formerly were fre- quent. The number of people who are buying homes has largely increased, and the savings-banks show a great increase of deposits. Not that this good result has been easily accomplished ; it has cost much labor and trouble. The society had to watch closely to prevent the violation of this law, and to bring the transgressors to justice. In the business parts of the city they have established eating houses, where for a trifle, a good substantial meal can be obtained instead of spirituous liquors. In short, the influ- ence of the liquor-dealers is broken. The circulating libraries are flourishing, the evening schools well attended, lectures are given and are well patronized, instruction in singing is added to the list of means for general improvement, and the moral, religious, and material condition of the people is much improved. All this has much influence upon the home life, and peace is in homes where once was strife and misery. Our aid society is in a position to offer support in case of need, which gives a sense of content and security to those con- nected with it. Dr. C gave another of his grand lectures to a very large audience, and if his ideas were carried out in other sections of our beloved country as they have been here, the agitation would soon subside. "The only solution of the social question," said he, ''must come either through legislation, or through philan- thropical endeavor, if this can be so expanded as to reach it, but it lies much more in individual heart and endeavor. When the heart, by the grace of God, is freed from its indwelling selfishness, and in its place is the love of God, then does it realize the real worthlessness of earthly riches and the unsearchable riches of Christ's kingdom ; 290 RED CARL. and trusts for all time his earthly pilgrimage into the guidance of a wise Providence. Then .is to him person- ally the social question, so far as concerns the right of property, solved; and as the renewed heart loves his neighbor as himself, so also has he in right of his godly calling found a worthy place for his neighbor. This love for our neighbor will enable us all to take concern for the welfare of our fellow-men, and the more this love is in- creased within us, the greater offerings shall we be in con- dition to bring." The speaker also alluded to the discouragement in some sections owing to the great tide of immigration, which was filling the manufacturing places, and causing a feeling of anxiety that the competition would reduce wages. But for this he had also a remedy, and that was that working peoples' colonies should be formed to settle upon western lands, and thus reduce the number in the thickly settled East. You will know, better than I, how this plan will work. So I take great pleasure in telling you of the friendly relations between the employers and workmen at this time in Bridethorp, The employers have become more interested in the advancement of their workmen, and the workmen have a better knowledge of the losses and other trials of their employers. The Socialist mischief-makers have no foothold, and when any come up from New York they find no followers. With us the labor question is solved. And now I will close my long letter with best love from Trina to you all. Your brother, Alfred Braun. This letter was a great pleasure to the Neu- mann family ; they almost forgot while reading A CHARMING OUTLOOK. 29 1 it that they were hundreds of miles from the writer, in the heart of a vast prairie, and the news of the health and prosperity of the dear ones was a great delight. It was speedily answered, and the reply gave as much pleasure to the little family in Bride- thorp, as theirs had given the large family in Kansas. Conrad Neumann to Alfred Braun. Dear Brother, — Your welcome letter of the i8th, with its interesting items of the blessed change which has taken place in Bridethorp, was received and eagerly read. Our wish and prayer is that it may continue, and that spiritual and material prosperity may remain for all time with the dear people there. We are all in good health; father works diligently upon the farm, without finding it particularly hard, and mother works in her accustomed manner about the house. We only wish it were larger : so few rooms ; and so small ; but hope this fall to build an addition to it. We intended to have done so last fall, but " man proposes and God disposes." We hoped to have a good harvest last year, but it turned out otherwise, and we find that farming has its drawbacks as well as other occupations. It was very dry during the spring ; week after week we looked for rain. There would be heavy clouds in the west, but they would pass away without the needed showers. This land is naturally moist, and can do without rain a long time, but at length the plants hung their heads ; the corn shrivelled away, and new seed had to be planted : ver- min attacked it, and at length when a big rain came, it was too late to do much good. . 292 kED CARL. The wheat was only half a crop, and out of our large cornfields we had only enough for our own use. It was a great blessing that our cattle kept in good condition, and in fact the whole aifair might have been much worse. Our neighbors say that some years it has been so dry that the harvest was entirely destroyed ; and for two years the grasshoppers destroyed everything. Such things cause discouragement, but it is hoped that with the culti- vation of the land, and plenty of forests, such visitations will cease. Many have become discouraged, and have abandoned their land ; but those who have remained, have not regretted staying. They have, like ourselves, received new encouragement, and look for good harvests in the future. Our fruit and shade trees are doing well, and we hope in a few years to sit under our own shade and eat fruit from our own trees. We are full of hope for the future, and put all our destiny in God's hands. We have learned by the last few years' experience, that all the restless following ot outside influence does not lead to peace ; but it rests alouQ upon God's blessing. So we just journey along, taking pleasures and crosses alike from God's hand, satisfied that whatever is, is right. You ask my opinion in regard to the establishment of working people's colonies in the West. A person will have some idea of the room there is, by casting his eyes over the vast stretch of country, and noticing how thinly settled it is. Often when I think of the thousands of acres of fertile land which are all around us, and then of the many families, who in a few years have from a poor living, become owners of fine farms, the thought comes to me of the many families in the East struggling for a mere subsistence, who could, if here, by dihgence and frugality soon be possessors of homes of their own, and secure a good prospect for their children. A CHARMING OUTLOOK. 293 At the same time, upon reflection it is a serious thing to advise people to leave their homes and come here. Prosperity or adversity depends so much upon the char- acter of the persons themselves, that one does not like, — unless thoroughly acquainted with them — to advise peo- ple to come West. A person to succeed, should have some means when they come here, for much depends upon a good begin- ning. Also those who come should have good health, and be young enough to stand privations and hard work. He who thinks the land so fertile that it requires no culti- vation, and is not willing to exert himself, had better remain where he is. In regard to the workingmen's colonies, we have talked the matter over among ourselves, and also asked advice of our neighbors, and all agree that such a plan has a very poor prospect of favorable results. In such under- takings there are many people wholly unsuited for settling in a new country. When any trials come they are dis- couraged, and then there is dissatisfaction and perhaps strife, and it ends by many of them leaving the country. Those who remain are for a time in a depressed condi- tion, but at length begin to prosper. The best way is for each family to come in their own strength, and settle where they prefer. Our example is about as favorable as any to illustrate this. We had enough means to make a good beginning ; were all in good health ; were willing to work ; had courage to bear losses and privations ; and had the energetic support of good friends here. I know you will feel interested in hearing of our home life. Next month my Anna will accompany me to our new home. My good father-in-law has built a nice house upon the new land he has bought, and has fenced in a garden. He intends giving this farm to us. He will help 294 RED CARL. me cultivate it, and I shall also help him and father in their work. Susie is very happy in her new home ; she thinks her husband perfection, and has found a good friend in her mother-in-law. How it is with Marie I do not quite know. She has, in this pure air, grown healthy and beautiful. A neighbor's son appears to be much pleased with her, and spares no trouble to try to win her affec- tions. I wish she could remain near our mother. Heinrich will work the farm on shares. Farm life suits him, and you would scarcely know the strong, robust fellow. He declares that he does not intend marrying soon, but we see that these assertions are not likely to prove correct, judging by the impression that the younger sister of Anna has made upon him ; and she is not indifferent to him. But patience ; the best comes last. Johannes it is, of whom I will now speak. Since the beginning of his Christian life, he has thought of the ministry ; and after much reflection and prayer, he believes that he is called to proclaim the unsearchable riches of Christ, and is now in college, preparing for a life of usefulness in preaching the Gospel. He saved much of his wages which my good Father Wagner gave him ; and after his studies are com- pleted he is to be in the study of our good pastor in R . Johannes is beloved by all in this region, and we are resolved as far as we can, to assist him. He will spend his vacation with us and with Father Wagner, who has taken him into his heart. The Sunday before he left home, he spoke in the Sunday school, and related his experience. He described his evil doings and the trouble which they had brought upon him, and how near he came to losing his life through his error. But his life was spared, his heart was changed, and he had become a child of God. The A CHARMING OUTLOOK. 295 whole assembly was deeply touched, and tears filled many eyes. And now I must tell you that we have built a little church upon the prairie. It was often inconvenient to use the schoolhouse, and all were willing to contribute what they could, and in the name of the Lord we made the undertaking. We united in contributing materials, and did the work ourselves, for we have people among us who understand this kind of work. It is a simple building ; and yet upon the great prairie it is a pretty sight, and a great joy to us, for we have now a certain place for church services and our Sunday school. It's spire seems to us a finger pointing heavenward, which in all our toils and cares of daily life, bids us look above, where there is comfort for every affliction, and an everlasting Home for us all. We hope to see you and dear Trina again ; but if it be God's will that we should not meet in this life, may we be a united family on the other shore. Your brother, Conrad Neumann. Thus life passed peacefully on with this happy and united family, and their prairie farm became even dearer to them than their first home in the New World, or their native place in far away Westphalia. 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