I GaylordBr©* J Maker* Le 2 vi 7 8 9 I 1 I 12 I 3 1 4 i I of ? N YOU SUPPLY ? ttP LI 7^05381 Rorfowfr* LCj ■feefRefor n^er* *CUY,CuY, ArL^U, CALL NO i AUTHOR: Chinard, Gilbe TITLFi Handbook of Fng atOrq . EDITION* IMPRINT* Berkeley, CA. ARTICLE i VCfci NO* '/PR IF IPO: uc 44 « 557 - PATRONt Johns, Herald. SHIP TO t ILL/San Diego ' L Tot same SHIP VIA* Library Rate BOWING NOTES* If un LPNOING CHARGES* NO COND FU' CDS Re] et 850510 Re U I U Du| rt. llsh and Frenl , Univ. of Ca DATFt cuy U25 C5 - f ac. State Univer< KAXCOJ able to fill, DATF ! ILL record updated to IN PROCFSS Bd PUBLISHED BY THE j SCHOOL OF MILITARY AERONAUTICS UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY HANDBOOK OF ENGLISH AND FRENCH TERMS FOR THE USE OF MILITARY AVIATORS BY GILBERT CHINARD, LesL. Professor of French, University of California and EARLE RAYMOND HEDRICK Professor of Mathematics, University of Missouri UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS BERKELEY 1917 \ h COPYRIGHT, 1917 BY Gilbert Chinard AND Earle Raymond Hedrick 2nd edition PREFACE The compilation of this little book was undertaken by Professor Chinard as a service W'the School of Military Aero- nautics at the University of California. It is published by the school for distribution to its students with the hope that it will make it possible for a pilot descending among Frenchmen to make himself understood, both in asking for needed things and in explaining difficulties that he may have encountered. The text has been made as brief as possible, and every effort has been extended to render all the information in the book readily accessible. The technical character of the subject matter ren- ders it highly probable that errors exist. These will be gladly corrected in the next edition if notification is sent to the school. Many thanks are due to Dr. E. R. Hedrick, Professor of Mathematics of the University of Missouri, for his valuable aid in the compilation and arrangement of the material. The subject matter is difP ,ult and the sources of information un- certain, which have rendered the task the more difficult. B. M. Woods, Approved for publication: Dean of the School. A. N. Krogstad, Major, U. S. A., Commandant, Berkeley, July, 1917. CONTENTS page 1. Numbers 5 2. Metric System 6 3. Money 8 4. Time 9 5. Airplane 11 6. Motor 14 7. Machine Gun 18 8. Tools and Equipment 19 9. Landmarks 21 10. Surveying 24 11. Army 26 12. Provisions 29 13. Wounded 30 14. General Vocabulary 32 36§l003 PRONUNCIATION A and i sound as in animal; ai, ei, e, e, e, e followed by one or two consonants like a in prepare; e mute or silent, printed thus (e) is hardly sounded, but the letter that pre- cedes it is always sounded. E written thus (e) has always the sound of the English a. A vowel followed by n has usually a nasal sound. The vowel u, written thus (ii) does not exist in English; purse the lips and try to pronounce u separately in utmost or utter; au is pronounced like o in cod; ou like oo in poor; que is equivalent to k. All silent letters are printed in light-face type, thus: (n), (t), (r) ; they should not be pronounced at all, except (e) mute or silent, the sound of which has been indicated above. The French words carry a slight, but perceptible accent upon the last syllable, or rather vowel. Try to give the same value to all the syllables, and never drop the last. Familiarize yourself in advance with the divisions of the book. Do not try to make sentences. If you are not understood, point out the word in your book, and have some one write the answer. I cannot understand what you say, je ne comprends pas. How do you do? bonjour. Thank you, merci. Please, s'il vous plait. Yes, oui, pronounced like we in English. N.B. — Merci means also, No, thank you; if you are of- fered something and wish to accept it, say, Oui, s'il vous plait. Attention is called to the fact that the French frequently write the numerals 1, 4, 5, 7 as in the following figure. FRENCH AND ENGLISH NUMERALS French English 7 / <# ^ J JT ? 7 [4] 1. NUMBERS— NOMBRES 1 un 70 soixante-dix 2 deux 71 soixante-et-onze 3 trois 80 quatre-vingt 4 quatre 81 quatre-vingt un 5 cinq 90 quatre-vingt-dix 6 six (like cease) 91 quatre-vingt-onze 7 sept 100 cent 8 hiiit 101 cent un 9 neuf 200 deux cent 10 dix 201 deux cent un 11 onze 1000 mille 12 douse 1100 onze cent 13 treize 2000 deux mille 14 quatorze 15 quinze Vt un demi Vs un tiers 16 seize Va un quart 17 dix-sept Vs un huitieme 18 dix-huit Ho un dixieme 19 dix-neuf 20 vingt first premier second second 21 vingt-et-un third troisieme, etc. 22 vingt-deux and so on, adding ieme to the 30 trente cardinal number 31 trente-et-un 40 quarante N.B.- -From 60 to 100 the French numbers resemble the 41 quarante-et-un old English count by scores. 50 cinquante Thus, 90, four score and ten, is 51 ciquante-et-un quatre-vingt-dix. 60 soixante once une fois 61 soixante-et-un twice [5] deux fois ; etc. 2. METRIC SYSTEM— SYSTeME MeTRIQUE Length — longueurs: The unit is the meter or metre, divided into 100 (cent) centimetres, each centimetre being divided into 10 millimetres. 1 metre = 39.37 inches; 1 mile = 1609.30 metres; 1 in. = 2.54 cm.; 1 sq. in. = 6.452 so., cm.; 1 cu. in. = 16.387 cu. cm. (See cut, p. 11). The kilometre being 1000 metres, it can be said that 2 miles equal 3 kilometres, approximately. Calibres and diameters are usually expressed in milli- meters; for example the French field gun, whose bore is 75 mm., is called "le soixante-quinze. " Liquid and dry measures — mesiires: the unit is the litre. 1 quart = 1 litre nearly, or .94636 exactly. 1 pint = y 2 litre, un demi litre. iy 2 Pint = *4> un quart, or un quart de litre. N.B. — 1 quart is thus equivalent to 4 French quarts. Weights — poids: the unit is the kilogramme, or 1000 grammes. 1 kilogramme = 2y 5 English pounds nearly, or 2.20462 pounds exactly. 1 pound = 453 grammes nearly, or 453.359 grammes exactly. 1 ounce = 28 grammes nearly, or 28.3495 grammes exactly. The French pound or livre, though not an official measure, is often used. Degrees — degres: Angles are read in minutes and seconds, as in English. Temperature — temperature: Only the centigrade ther- mometer is used. (See cut, p. 9). Pressure: Barometers, gauges, etc., are read in kilo- grammes, centimetres, and millimetres. The divisions and multiples used in the metric system are as follows: unit = 1 unit, e.g., meter. unit = 1 deca- = 10 units, e.g., decameter. deci- = 1/10 hecto-= 100 units, e.g., hectometer. centi-= 1/100 kilo- = 1000 units, e.g., kilometer. milli- = 1/1000 [6] length //v. CAT O — 3 — i + - 6 - 7 — \ 8 — iz 0.0 ou5- /.o A^ 2.o S -^ iO 2.S* SO 3.S +.o &oo— /90- /OO __ SO/4./A/G SO /3e-~ /70— — So /eo— — 7 ° /*fo— /■&o 6o /JO- /eo— — *SO //O— /GO- — +o SO— ao- — 3o 70- — 20 eo— — i&O-J fO -to_ 32 , o 9Z £cr^ **/Z££-z./asg /O— — -/O O— -/o— 2o ~2o-^ — -30 so— fT~ ^2 + JLC %5" g^ ^-g^J [7] 3. MONEY— MONNAIES The unit is the franc (frs.), about 20 cents. The franc is divided into 100 centimes, but the smallest denomination commonly used is 5 centimes, about 1 cent. The word sou (5 centimes) is often used popularly. 1 cent =un sou, or cinq centimes (0,05). 2 cents = deux sous, or dix centimes (0,10). 5 cents = cinq, sous, or vingt-cinq centimes (0,25). 10 cents = dix sous, or cinquante centimes (0,50) . 20 cents = vingt sous, or un franc (1 frs.). 25 cents — un franc vingt-cinq (1,25). 50 cents = deux francs cinquante (2,50). $1.00 = cinq francs (5 frcs.). The French currency is as follows: le sou, 1 cent (cop- per) ; le gros sou, or decime, 2 cents (copper) ; cinq sous, or vingt-cinq centimes, 5 cents (nickel) ; dix sous, or cinquante centimes, 10 cents (silver); vingt sous, or un franc, 20 cents (silver); deux francs, 40 cents (silver); cinq francs, $1.00 (silver or paper); 10 francs, $2.00 (paper); 20 francs, $4.00 (paper); 50 francs $10.00 (paper); 100 francs, $20.00 (paper), (paper). Caution: Bills under 5 francs have been recently issued in certain parts of France, owing to the shortage of silver coins. They are not legal tender throughout France and can be used only locally. A soldier should not accept these unless he is to remain in the same place for some time. 1 pound English = $5.00 approximately. 1 shilling = 25c. I cannot take paper. Donnez-moi des pieces. How much is it? Combien? Too dear. Trop cher. Cheap. Bon marche. Can you make change? Avez-vous la monnaie? This is not the right change. Ce n'est pas le compte. [8] 4. TIME— LE TEMPS— L'HEURE Railroad and official time: The "day is divided into 24 hours, beginning at 12 p.m. 1 a.m. is 1 heure (une heure). 2 a.m. is 2 heures (deux heures). 3 a.m. is 3 heures (trois heures). 12 (noon) is 12 heures (douze heures) or midi. 1 p.m. is 13 heures (treize heures). 2 p.m. is 14 heures (quatorze heures). 3 p.m. is 15 heures (quinze heures). 11 p.m. is 23 heures (vingt-trois heures). Midnight, minuit. However, everybody is still familiar with the older system, which is similar to the American way of computing time. The easiest way to express time is to follow the railroad timetable system, 11:45 a.m. (onze heures quarante cinq). Avoid the expressions half past, quarter of, five minutes to, etc. matin apres-midi soir nuit aujourdhui hier (hi- er) avant-hier demain apres-demain maintenant combien de fois? il-y-a combien de temps? il n'ya pas longtemps? la niiit derniere Quelle heure? Je veux partir aujourdhui. morning afternoon evening night to-day yesterday day before yesterday to-morrow day after to-morrow now how often? how long ago? not long ago? last night What time is it? I want to go to-day. [9 MONTHS— MOIS January February March April May June July August September October November December Janvier fevrier mars avril mai juin juillet aotit (oo) septembre octobre novembre decembre DAYS OF THE WEEK— JOURS DE LA SEMAINE Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday dimanche lundi mardi mercredi jeudi vendredi samedi To express dates, the first day of the month is called le premier; the second, le deux; the third, le trois; etc. A date is always written in the order, day, month, year; thus 4 Juillet 1918, never Juillet 4, 1918. Again, 4/5/18 means 4 Mai, 1918, not 5 Avril, 1918. [10] 5. AIRPLANE aerodrome air-pump altitude axle biplane body covered body- brake breakdown cabane carriage center of gravity- center of pressure center of traction cock pit control control lever control wire dihedral dismount (a wing, etc.) dive (to) eddies edge (leading) edge (trailing) elevator factor of safety ferrule flap, balancing fly, to fuselage gasoline guy wires hood horsepower hinge [ —aeroplane aerodrome pompe a air altitude essieu biplan nacelle entoilage frein panne cabane cadre centre de gravite centre de pression centre de traction baquet commandes levier de commande cable de commande, or fil diedre demonter piquer remous plan d'attaque plan de sortie gouvernail de profondeur coefficient de securite epaulement aileron voler fuselage essence haubans capot cheval vapeur charniere ii] hinged hydroplane incidence joint universal joint landing landing chassis length lever load (active) longeron lurch, to monoplane motive power motor quadrangular observer oil (lubricating) one-seater piano wire pilot pitch (of a screw) pocket, air pontoon power propeller pusher pulley- pylon radiator recoil springs rib rigging rim (of tire) rod (connecting) rudder seat section articule hydravion incidence articulation joint universel atterrissage chassis d' atterrissage longueur levier charge utile longeron faire tine embardee monoplan force motrice moteur quadrangulaire observateur huile (ti-i-1) monoplace corde a piano pilote pas d'tine vis trou d'air ponton puissance helice appareil a helice arriere poulie pylone radiateur amortisseur nervure haubannage jante bielle gouvernail siege tranche [12] shock absorber side-slip, to skid, to skid (under tail) socket span spar speedometer spoke spring stabilizer stagger staggered planes steel tube steer steerable strips struts surface (lifting) support support wires tail tire tractor trial tube turnbuckle turn turtle, to vol-plane, to warping wing lower wing upper wing weight (dead) wheel wire rope wire wire, broken amortisseurs glisser sur l'aile deraper bequille douille envergure longeron indicateur de vitesse rayon ressort stabilisateur decalement plans decales tiibes d'acier diriger dirigeable lattes mats or montants surface portante appui fils de soutien queue pneu appareil a helice avant essai tube tendeur, ecrou de reglage capoter volplaner gauchissement aile aile inferieure aile superieure poids a vide roue cables d'acier fil fil rompii [13] MOTOR— MOTEUR air-valve ball bearing, nut for, 279 base with bearing cups, oil duct cylinder studs, 1 cam rocker, shaft for, 112 cam rocker and roller, 118 cam shaft, right hand, 97 cam shaft, left hand, 98 cam shaft gear, 103 compression carburetor flooded case coupling block, 215 crank shaft, 119 crank shaft, starting, dog for, 447 crank pin, bolt and nut for, 361 cylinder, 362 drive shaft, coupling for, 214 end bearing, 101 exhaust elbow, 366 explosive (adjective) fan fly-wheel idler gear, 203 inlet pipe, water jacketed, left side, 377 magneto, 383 magneto, 382 magneto coupling, 217 magneto driving gear and shaft, 200 soupape d' admission d'air reglage du roulement a billes base avec graisseurs, tiiyau d'- huile et tenons du cylindre arbre du ciilbuteur culbiiteur arbre a cames, cote droit arbre a cames, cote gauche engrenage dii vilbrequin compression carburateur noye carter manchon d' assemblage vilbrequin cliquet de la manivelle de mise en marche boulon et ecrou de la mani- velle cylindre assemblage de 1' arbre de transmission tourillon coude de l'echappement detonant ventilateur volant desembrayage tube d' admission a circulation d'eau, cote gauche magneto magneto embrayage de la magneto engrenage et arbre de la mag- neto [14] Longitudinal Section [15] mixture muffler oil sump, 21 oil filter screen, 29 piston, 413 piston ring, 272 pressure gauge, 258 priming cup, 146 propelling and center gear end bearing, sup, stud, nut and washer, 330 rod and cap babbitted, 150 spark spark plug, 198 starting crank, 444 starting crank, shaft for, 445 tank tappet rod, 427 tappet spring, 426 timing gear, half bushing and bearing for, 132 valve, 418 valve, exhaust valve guide bushing, 144 valve, inlet valve rocker screw and nut, 420 valve rocker pin, 422 valvet, safety valve seat valve spring, 428 valve spring cup, 429 valve spring key, split, 477 valve spring seat, 430 valve-stem vibrator water connection, complete, 474 circulation d'eau [16] de piston de melange silencieux carter a hiiile filtre a hiiile piston segment or bague manometre robinet de decompression centre et butee de l'arbre transmission, graisseur, tenon, ecrou et rondelle d' ecrou bielle bronzee etincelle bougie manivelle de mise en marche arbre de la mise en marche reservoir tige poussoir ressort de la tige poussoir manchon et coussinet pour a vane e a l'allumage soupape soupape d'echappement manchon de la tige de valve soupape d' alimentation boulon et ecrou du culbuteur de valve tourillon du culbuteur soupape de surete siege de valve ressort de soupape tete du ressort de soupape goupille du ressort de soupape support du ressort de soupape tige de valve trembleur (like oh) Propeller End View water jacket water pipe for cylinder, 442 water pump body, 295 water pump cover, 433 water pump gear and shaft, 299 water pump impeller, 298 water pump to cylinder, 307 wrist pin, 414 chemise d'eau tuyau d'eau pour le cylindre pompe de circulation d'eau fermetiire de la pompe engrenage et arbre de la pompe de circulation d'eau mise en marche de la pompe de circulation d'eau pompe de circulation d'eau tourillon de la tete de bielle [17] 7. MACHINE GUN, BOMB— MITRAILLEUSE, BOMBE "barrel canon bolt verrou butt crosse cartridge cartouche ejector ejecteur extractor extracteur gas chamber chambre a gaz gear engrenage guard garde handle (of a gun) poignee lever levier limber caisson magazine magasin mainspring grand ressort pawl cliquet pin perciiteur radiator radiateur, refroidissement sights hausse tension tension trigger detente tripod pied angle of sight angle de vision bomb bombe cap (detonating) detonateur firing pin perciiteur fuse fusee harmless sans danger liquid liquide membrane membrane nose nez, pointe propeller helice releasing device appareil de langage spring ressort vanes (wind) ailettes [18] 8. TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT— OUTILS ET £QTJIPEMENT alcohol alcool anvil enclume awl alene axe hache bench etabli bit meche bolt boulon, ecrou brace vilbrequin bucket seau caliper compas d'epaisseur cement (rubber) dissolution chisel ciseau cold chisel ciseau a froid coal oil petrole or luciline compass boussole compasses compas crowbar levier cutter (wire) pince coupante emery-cloth toile d'emeri file lime gear-wheel pignon gimlet vrille hammer marteau hatchet hache hook crochet jack eric key cle knife couteau lathe tour level niveau monkey-wrench cle anglaise nail clou nail set repoussoir nut ecrou [19] oil-can burette pick pic pincers tenailles pinch bar pince plane rabot plier des pinces plumb bob fil a plomb plumber's torch lampe a souder pulley poulie punch emporte-piece rasp rape rivet rivet rod barre rope corde rubber caoutchouc sand paper papier de verre saw scie scissors ciseaux screw ecrou, vis screwdriver tourne-vis sharpening stone pierre a aiguiser shears cisailles shellac laque shovel pelle solder soudure soldering iron fer a souder spade beche spring ressort square equerre temper tremper turn-buckle tendeur turpentine terebenthine vise etau weld souder wheelbarrow brouette wire fil de fer wire cutter pinces coupautes wire rope cable d'acier [20] 9. LANDMARKS AND OBJECTS— POINTS DE REPfcRE North Nord South Stid East Est West Ouest Northeast Nord-est Northwest Nord-ouest Southeast Sud-est Southwest Sud-ouest far here near over there there animal automobile hank barge barn boat tow boat row boat bridge bush canal car passenger car box-car flat-car cart castle chimney church cliff loin ici pres la-bas la animal automobile rive chaland grange bateau remorcLueur canot pont buisson canal wagon wagon de voyageurs wagon de merchandises plateforme charette chateau cheminee eglise falaise [21] clock cow crossing dog donkey earth engine farm fence field forest garden gate hay-stack hedge highway hill small hill horse house hut lake lane meadow mill mud path Pig pond rail railroad rain rise river road roadbed roof round-house horloge vache passage a niveau chien ane terre machine or locomotive ferme palissade champ fordt jar din porte meule de foin haie grand route colline coteau cheval maison hutte lac chemin prairie mouliri boue sentier cochon mare rail chemin de fer pluie montee riviere route chaussee toit dep6t [22] school ecole shed hangar side cote siding voie de garage signal signal sky ciel smoke fiimee smokestack cheminee snow neige station gare stay (to) rester stay here restez ici steeple clocher stone pierre switch aiguillage tank reservoir telegraph pole poteau de telegraphe tender (railroad) tender tie traverse town ville, village town hall mairie tow boat remorqueur tow path chemin de halage track voie trail piste train train tree arbre small tree petit arbre big tree gros arbre tunnel tunnel valley vallee village village vineyard vignes wagon wagon water tank reservoir d'eau wheat field champ de ble windmill moulin a vent wood bois [23] 10. SURVEYING— TOPOGRAPHIE angle area artificial horizon ascension azimuth chain circle depth dip distance drift (of a mine) elevation (angular) elevation (above sea level) gradient horizon logarithm latitude length level level (bubble) level (surveyor's) location mirror mercury offset parallel perpendicular plane table point profile protractor range range finder right angle angle aire or surface horizon artificiel ascension azimuth chaine d'arpenteur cercle profondeur pente distance galerie de mine elevation altitude pente horizon logarithme latitude longueur niveau niveau d'eau niveau d'arpenteur situation miroir mercure ordonnee parallele perpendiculaire planchette d'arpenteur point profil rapporteur portee or distance telemetre angle droit [24] rod sag sextant shaft (of a mine) sine side-rule slope straight line surveyor's level sound (to) sounding line tangent tape theodolite time time (of day) topography transit traverse triangle trigonometry trigonometric table vernier width echelle d'arpenteur courbure sextant puits de mine sinus echelle de proportions pente ligne droite niveau d'arpenteur sonder sonde tangente metre d'arpenteur theodolite le temps l'heure topographie theodolite table pour faire le point triangle trigonometrie tables de trigonometrie vernier larguer [25] 11. ARMY— ARMfiE army corps division brigade regiment battalion company squad artillery cavalry infantry engineers flying corps quartermaster department red cross general lieutenant-general major-general colonel major captain lieutenant non-commissioned oftlcer private doctor Caution: To ask for the man to ask for the doctor. corps d'armee division brigade regiment bataillon (escadron for cav- alry) compagnie escouade artillerie cavalerie infanterie genie aviation intendance croix rouge, or service de sante general general de division general de brigade colonel commandant capitaine lieutenant sous-officier soldat major "Major" means to a French- advance guard ambulance ammunition arsenal attack barbed wire avant-garde ambulance munitions arsenal attaque fil de fer barbele" [26] barracks battery bayonet bullet breach call the roll camp cannon cartridge code colors (flag) communication trench commandeer, to convoy court-martial despatch despatch bearer distress signal dugout dump (shell) dynamite encamp, to explosive fatigue party flag flash lantern flying torpedo foreign legion gas mask grenadier guards gun (artillery) gun cotton hand grenade headquarters helmet hospital howitzer caserne batterie baionnette balle breche faire l'appel camp canon cartouche code drapeau boyau requisitionner convoi conseil de guerre message messager signal de detresse abri depot d'obiis dynamite camper explosif corvee drapeau lanterne torpille legion etrangere masque grenadier garde canon cotton poudre grenade quartier general casque hopital obusier [27] interpreter interprete leave (on) permission liaison liaison limber caisson or avant-train lookout poste d 'observation machine gun mitrailleuse mine mine mortar mortier office bureau officer officier order, an reglement patrol patrouille pistol revolver post poste post office bureau de poste powder poudre rear-guard arriere-guarde reinforcements renforts revolver revolver rifle fusil rocket fusee roll-call appel salute saliit sentinel sentinelle shell obtis shell dump depot d* obtis shield bouclier shrapnel shrapnell signal signal staff etat-major storm (to) prendre d'assaut torpedo torpille (torpiye) tractor tracteur trench tranchee wireless telegraphic sans fil [28] 12. PROVISIONS— PROVISIONS bakery la boulangerie beef dti boeuf bread dti pain butter dti beurre cheese dti fromage chicken dti poulet cigars un cigare cigarettes des cigarettes coffee dti cafe eggs, fried des oeuf s, sur le plat fish du poisson fruit des fruits grocery epicerie ham dti jambon jam des confittires matches des alltimettes milk dti lait mutton dti mouton pepper dti poivre pipe tine pipe pork dti pore potatoes pommes de terre salt dti sel soap dti savon soup de la soupe tea dti the tobacco dti tabac water de l'eau (like o) wine dti vin I am thirsty j'ai soif I am hungry j'ai faim I am cold j'ai froid Give me this Donnez moi ceci How much Combien [29] 13. WOUNDED— BLESSfi ambulance ambulance antiseptic antiseptique ankle cheville arm bras artery artere back dos bandage bandage bed lit body- corps bowels intestin brandy cognac broken casse bruise contusion chamber pot pot de chambre chest poitrine chill frisson cold (adjective) froid cold (a) rhume cotton coton dispensary infirmerie doctor docteur drug store pharmacie ear oreille elbow coude eye, eyes oeil, les yeux face figure fever fievre field hospital hospital de campagne first aid station poste de seecours finger doigt foot pied forehead front hand main head tete [30] headache mal de t§te heart coeur hemorrhage hemorragie hospital hospital hot chaud hot water bottle bouillotte iodine teinture d'iode knee genou leg jambe lung poumon mouth bouche nausea (sea-sickness) nau see neck cou nose nez nose bleed saignement de nez pillow oreiller quinine quinine rib cote stomach * estomac stomach-ache mal d' estomac shoulder epaule throat gorge toe doigt de pied tooth dent toothache mal de dents tongue langue urinal pistolet vein veine wound blessure wrist poignet Be careful attention Gently doucement It is painful c'est douloureux, je souffre I am thirsty- j'ai soif, a boire Give me a drink donnez-moi a boire Please s'il vous plait Thank you merci [31] above au dessus across a travers afraid peur he is afraid il a peur after apres again encore air air airplane (see p. 11) avion aim (to) viser alive vivant all tous aluminum aluminium am (I) je suis and et answer reponse alone seul always tou jours America Amerique American americain and et animal animal approach (to) approcher attack attaque are (we) nous sommes you are vous etes they are ils sont army (see p. 26) Tarmee around autour de ask (to) demander hack derriere backward en arriere had mauvais hag sac bakery houlangerie bandage bandage [32] bank (river) rive barber barbier barge chaland barn grange barometer barometre bath bain battery (electric) pile dry seche storage accumulateur, or accus in series en tension beef boeuf Belgian beige Belgium Belgique bed lit beer de la biere before (time) avant before (place) devant behind derriere below en bas bend (to) courber bent courbe better mieux (mi-eu) big grand bind (machinery) gripper bind (tie up) attacher black noir blacksmith forgeron blanket couvertiire blood sang boat bateau boil (to) bouillir bolt boulon book livre bore (to) percer borrow (to) emprunter bottle bouteille box boite brandy cognac [33] breach breche break down panne bread pain breech ciilasse brick brique bridge pont bring (to) apporter broken casse, or rompii brown brim bruise contusion brush brosse burn (to) bruler bury (to) enterrer burst eclater bush buisson butt crosse button bout on buy (to) acheter cable cable canal canal camera appareil photographique canvas toile car voiture care (of machine) entretien care (with) avec precaution cart charrette cartridge cartouche carry (to) porter cave (dugout) abri cement ciment chair chaise cheese fromage child enfants chimney cheminee chocolate chocolat church eglise cigar cigare cigarettes cigarettes [34] city clean this is not clean cliff clock close (adverb) close (to) cloud cock code coffee comb cold I have a cold color come (to) come I come I came come down (to) come in come out command (to) cook copper cord cork-screw cost (to) How much does it cost 9 cow crawl (to) crossing (railroad) cup cut (to) cut (railroad) danger dark dark room ville propre ce n'est pas propre falaise horloge pres fermer nuage robinet code cafe peigne froid j'ai un rhume couleur venir venez je viens je suis venti descendre entrez sortez commander cuisinier ciiivre corde tire-bouchon couter Combien? vache ramper passage a niveau tasse couper tranchee de chemin de fer danger sombre chambre noire [35] dare (to) oser dead mort deck of cards paquet de cartes destroy (to) detruire die (to) mourir dig (to) creuser dirty sale distance distance distress signal signal de detresse ditch fosse doctor docteur donkey ane door porte down en bas drag (to) tirer draw dessiner drawing dessin drink (to) boire dry sec dugout abri dull (tool) emousse dust poussiere dying mourant each chaque early de bonne heure call me early reveillez-moi de bonne heure earth terre easy facile eggs des oeufs elastic elastique emery cloth toile d'emeri empty vide end bout enemy ennemi England Angleterre English anglais every (all) tous every (each) chacun [36] explode (to) exploser explosion explosion explosive (an) explosif explosive (adjective) detonant fan ventilateur fall (to) tomber false faux far loin farm ferine fast (adjective) rapide fast (to make) attacher father pere fatigue fatigue fatigue party- corvee faucet robinet fear (to) craindre fell (to) tombe fence palissade fetch (to) aller chercher fetch him, it allez le chercher few peu field champ film pellicule fill (to) remplir filter filtre fine (small) fin fire feu fire (to) f aire feu first premier fish poisson fit (to) aller it fits cela va it will fit cela ira it does not fit cela ne va pas fix (to) arranger flag drapeau flare torche flash-lantern lampe de poche [37] flexible flood follow follow me forge (to) forward France French friend front frozen fruit full funnel fuse game (play) garden gas gas-mask gate gear gear-wheel German Germany- get (to) get it girl give (to) glass glue go (to) I go he goes you go they go I will go he will go he went flexible inondation suivre suivez-moi forger en avant France francais ami le front gele des fruits plein entonnoir fusee jeu jardin gaz masque porte engrenage pignon allemand Allcmagne aller chercher allez le chercher fille donner verre colle forte aller je vais il va vous allez ils vont j'irai il ira il est alle [38] good good-bye grease greasy- green grinding stone grocery ground guess (to) I guess so ham hand hard have (to) I have he has you have they have hay he hear (to) heavy height help (to) her here hide high him his hit (to) hole home home horse hot house how much (to) (my) (your) Don au revoir lubricant, graisse gras vert meule epicerie terrain croire je le crois jambon main diir avoir j'ai il a vous avez ils ont foin il entendre lourd hauteur aider son ici cacher haut lui son frapper trou chez moi chez vous cheval chaud maison combien [39] hurt (to) faire mal I ice immediately in je glace tout de suite dans ink encre inquire inside demander dedans instructions ordres instrument instrument into dans it il or le or cela Italian italien Italy iron Italie fer kill (to) kind tiier aimable you are very kind vous etes bien aimable knife couteau knot noeud ladder echelle lake lac lamp landmarks (see p. 21) lane lampe points de repere sentier large last grand dernier late tard you are late vous etes en retard lead (metal) lead (to) leather plomb conduire cuir leggins length letter jambieres longueur lettre lie (to tell a) lie (to recline) light mentir se coucher lumiere [40] light (to) allumer light (adjective) leger like (to) aimer linen toile de lin listen (to) ecouter little petit living vivant lock serrure lock (to) fermer look (to) regarder loose lache lose (to) perdre low has lung poumon machine gun (see p. 18) mitrailleuse magazine (journal) revile or magazine magazine (of gun) magasin maid la bonne man un homme many- beaucoup map la carte mask masque master maitre school master institiiteur magnet aimant matches alliimettes mayor maire me moi meadow prairie mechanic mecanicien medicine medecine mend (to) raccommoder mesh (of a sieve) maille metric system (see p. 6) systeme metrique mill moulin mine une mine mine (pronoun) le mien mist brume [41] mixture money (see p. 8) moon mother motor (see p. 14) mottled much mud mustard name near never newspaper no noise noisy not numbers (see p. 5) nurse obey (to) oil castor coal linseed lubricating olive old once (at) once only open (to) open or our out outside paint paper melange de 1' argent la lune mere moteur bigarre beaucoup boue moutarde nom pres jamais journal non bruit briiyant non, or ne . . . pas nombres infirmiere obeir hiiile htiile de ricin petrole or luciline hiiile de lin lubricant hiiile d' olive vieux tout de suite une fois seulement ouvrir ouvert ou notre, or nos hors dehors peintiire papier [42] paper (news) path pay (to) peace pen pencil pepper photograph photographer picture pig pillow pipe plaster point police (military) pond port post-office postal card postage stamp prisoner protect (to) provisions (see p. 29) rain razor read (to) ready receipt red release (to) revolution ride (horse, wagon) rim (of wheel) risk (to) river road rocket journal sentier payer paix pliime crayon poivre photographie photographe portrait cochon oreiller pipe platre un point gendarmes mare port poste carte postale timbre de poste prisonnier proteger provisions pluie rasoir lire pret regti (resti) rouge lacher revolution aller a cheval, aller en voiture jante risquer riviere route fusee T43] roof toit round rond roundhouse depot Roumania Roumanie Roumanian roumain safe sauve salt sel salute (noun) saliit same meme sap (a) sape say, to dire scarce rare scarcely a peine school master instituteur scratch rayer see (to) voir sentry sentinelle several plusieurs sharp aiguise she elle sheep des moutons sheet (iron, etc.) tole shield bouclier shoes souliers shoot (to) tirer shut ferine sick malade side cote siding (railroad) voie de garage sieve tamis signal signal silk soie sky ciel sleep (to) dormir sleet verglas slow lent smoke fiimee smokestack cheminSe [44] soap savon soon bientSt soup soupe speak (to) parler speed Vitesse spell (to) epeler spire clocher spoke rayon spoon cuiller spring ressort spy espion squad escouade, or peloton stamp un timbre, or timbre-poste star etoile station (railroad) la gare steal (to) voler steel acier steeple clocher stiff raide stone pierre stop (to) arreter storm (a) une tempete storm (to) prendre d'assaut stove fourneau string ficelle sun soleil surveying (see p. 24) topographie suspect (to) soupconner sweet doux switch aiguille take (to) prendre talk (to) parler tall grand tank reservoir tea the telegraph telegraphe telephone telephone tell (to) dire [45] tender tender tent tente test (to) verifier thanks merci that cela or 9a (sa) the le, or la, or les there la these ceux-ci they ils, or elles thick epais thin mince think (to) penser this ceci those ceux-la thread fil through a travers throw (to) jeter tie (railroad) traverse tight serre tighten (to) serrer time (of day) (see p. 9) l'heure time (each) chaque fois to a tire pneu tired fatigue tobacco tabac together ensemble too (also) aussi tools (see p. 19) outils too little trop peu, pas assez too many trop too much trop towards vers tow-boat remorqueur towel serviette town petite ville town hall mairie trail piste [46] train train tree arbre trench tranchee trousers pantalon truck camion true vrai tunnel tunnel under sous understand (to) comprendre United States Etats-Unis until jusqu'a up en haut upon stir upstairs en haut us nous varnish vernis viaduct viaduct valley vallee village village vineyard vigne vegetables legumes very tres wagon voiture, or fourgon wait (to) attendre wait a moment attendez un peu I shall wait for you je vous attendrai wake (to) reveiller walk (to) marcher warm chaud warn (to) avertir was (I) j'etais he was il etait we were nous etions you were vous etiez they were ils etaient wash (to) laver watch (a time-piece) montre watch (to) surveiller [47] water waterproof we weak weather well (a) well (adverb) went (I) (see also go) wet wheat wheel when where which white whole who width wife I will (wish, want) I will he I will go window wine wire wireless without wood (a) wood (some) wounded (see p. 30) write, to wrong yes yellow you your eau impermeable nous faible temps puits bien je suis alle mouille ble roue quand ou (oo) lacLuelle blanc tout entier qui largeur femme je veux je serai j 'irai fenetre vin fil sans fil sans un bois du bois blesse ecrire faux oui (like we) jaune vous votre, or vos [48] THIS BOOK IS DUE ON THE LAST DATE STAMPED BELOW AN INITIAL FINE OF 25 CENTS WILL BE ASSESSED FOR FAILURE TO RETURN THIS BOOK ON THE DATE DUE. THE PENALTY WILL INCREASE TO 50 CENTS ON THE FOURTH DAY AND TO $1.00 ON THE SEVENTH DAY OVERDUE. IMTCDinnJin ' '■ ; 't, , ■,-'■■- - 4 M2 — <-'■< » -J.' (,'•»!..!»., Ll;-": ^'5g?f MA R 2 3 1956 LU im z$ m:\l RE C'0 »- c " ynmr*" 6 J W. 1 8 J974 ?m __ jgC'DC I RCP^ JH TH**T *"£.»»> SlL - - 365003 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY