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 AUTHOR: Chinard, Gilbe 
 
 TITLFi Handbook of Fng 
 
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 EDITION* 
 
 IMPRINT* Berkeley, CA. 
 
 ARTICLE i 
 
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 ILL record updated to IN PROCFSS 
 
 Bd 
 
 PUBLISHED BY THE 
 
 j SCHOOL OF MILITARY AERONAUTICS 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA 
 BERKELEY 
 
HANDBOOK 
 
 OF 
 
 ENGLISH AND FRENCH TERMS 
 
 FOR THE USE OF 
 
 MILITARY AVIATORS 
 
 BY 
 
 GILBERT CHINARD, LesL. 
 
 Professor of French, University of California 
 
 and 
 EARLE RAYMOND HEDRICK 
 
 Professor of Mathematics, University of Missouri 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS 
 BERKELEY 
 
 1917 
 
\ 
 
 
 h 
 
 COPYRIGHT, 1917 
 BY 
 
 Gilbert Chinard 
 
 AND 
 
 Earle Raymond Hedrick 
 2nd edition 
 
PREFACE 
 
 The compilation of this little book was undertaken by 
 Professor Chinard as a service W'the School of Military Aero- 
 nautics at the University of California. It is published by the 
 school for distribution to its students with the hope that it will 
 make it possible for a pilot descending among Frenchmen to 
 make himself understood, both in asking for needed things and 
 in explaining difficulties that he may have encountered. The 
 text has been made as brief as possible, and every effort has 
 been extended to render all the information in the book readily 
 accessible. The technical character of the subject matter ren- 
 ders it highly probable that errors exist. These will be gladly 
 corrected in the next edition if notification is sent to the school. 
 
 Many thanks are due to Dr. E. R. Hedrick, Professor of 
 Mathematics of the University of Missouri, for his valuable aid 
 in the compilation and arrangement of the material. The 
 subject matter is difP ,ult and the sources of information un- 
 certain, which have rendered the task the more difficult. 
 
 B. M. Woods, 
 Approved for publication: Dean of the School. 
 
 A. N. Krogstad, Major, U. S. A., 
 Commandant, 
 
 Berkeley, July, 1917. 
 
 CONTENTS page 
 
 1. Numbers 5 
 
 2. Metric System 6 
 
 3. Money 8 
 
 4. Time 9 
 
 5. Airplane 11 
 
 6. Motor 14 
 
 7. Machine Gun 18 
 
 8. Tools and Equipment 19 
 
 9. Landmarks 21 
 
 10. Surveying 24 
 
 11. Army 26 
 
 12. Provisions 29 
 
 13. Wounded 30 
 
 14. General Vocabulary 32 
 
 36§l003 
 
PRONUNCIATION 
 
 A and i sound as in animal; ai, ei, e, e, e, e followed by 
 one or two consonants like a in prepare; e mute or silent, 
 printed thus (e) is hardly sounded, but the letter that pre- 
 cedes it is always sounded. E written thus (e) has always 
 the sound of the English a. A vowel followed by n has 
 usually a nasal sound. The vowel u, written thus (ii) does 
 not exist in English; purse the lips and try to pronounce 
 u separately in utmost or utter; au is pronounced like o in 
 cod; ou like oo in poor; que is equivalent to k. 
 
 All silent letters are printed in light-face type, thus: (n), 
 (t), (r) ; they should not be pronounced at all, except (e) 
 mute or silent, the sound of which has been indicated above. 
 
 The French words carry a slight, but perceptible accent 
 upon the last syllable, or rather vowel. Try to give the same 
 value to all the syllables, and never drop the last. 
 
 Familiarize yourself in advance with the divisions of the 
 book. Do not try to make sentences. If you are not 
 understood, point out the word in your book, and have some 
 one write the answer. 
 
 I cannot understand what you say, je ne comprends pas. 
 How do you do? bonjour. Thank you, merci. Please, s'il 
 vous plait. Yes, oui, pronounced like we in English. 
 
 N.B. — Merci means also, No, thank you; if you are of- 
 fered something and wish to accept it, say, Oui, s'il vous plait. 
 
 Attention is called to the fact that the French frequently 
 write the numerals 1, 4, 5, 7 as in the following figure. 
 
 FRENCH AND ENGLISH NUMERALS 
 
 French 
 
 English 
 
 7 
 
 / 
 
 <# 
 
 ^ 
 
 J 
 
 JT 
 
 ? 
 
 7 
 
 [4] 
 
1. NUMBERS— NOMBRES 
 
 1 
 
 un 
 
 70 
 
 soixante-dix 
 
 2 
 
 deux 
 
 71 
 
 soixante-et-onze 
 
 3 
 
 trois 
 
 80 
 
 quatre-vingt 
 
 4 
 
 quatre 
 
 81 
 
 quatre-vingt un 
 
 5 
 
 cinq 
 
 90 
 
 quatre-vingt-dix 
 
 6 
 
 six (like cease) 
 
 91 
 
 quatre-vingt-onze 
 
 7 
 
 sept 
 
 100 
 
 cent 
 
 8 
 
 hiiit 
 
 101 
 
 cent un 
 
 9 
 
 neuf 
 
 200 
 
 deux cent 
 
 10 
 
 dix 
 
 201 
 
 deux cent un 
 
 11 
 
 onze 
 
 1000 
 
 mille 
 
 12 
 
 douse 
 
 1100 
 
 onze cent 
 
 13 
 
 treize 
 
 2000 
 
 deux mille 
 
 14 
 
 quatorze 
 
 
 
 15 
 
 quinze 
 
 Vt 
 
 un demi 
 
 
 
 Vs 
 
 un tiers 
 
 16 
 
 seize 
 
 Va 
 
 un quart 
 
 17 
 
 dix-sept 
 
 Vs 
 
 un huitieme 
 
 18 
 
 dix-huit 
 
 Ho 
 
 un dixieme 
 
 19 
 
 dix-neuf 
 
 
 
 20 
 
 vingt 
 
 first 
 
 premier 
 
 
 
 second 
 
 second 
 
 21 
 
 vingt-et-un 
 
 third 
 
 troisieme, etc. 
 
 22 
 
 vingt-deux 
 
 and so 
 
 on, adding ieme to the 
 
 30 
 
 trente 
 
 cardinal number 
 
 31 
 
 trente-et-un 
 
 
 
 40 
 
 quarante 
 
 N.B.- 
 
 -From 60 to 100 the 
 
 
 
 French 
 
 numbers resemble the 
 
 41 
 
 quarante-et-un 
 
 old English count by scores. 
 
 50 
 
 cinquante 
 
 Thus, 90, four score and ten, is 
 
 51 
 
 ciquante-et-un 
 
 quatre-vingt-dix. 
 
 60 
 
 soixante 
 
 once 
 
 une fois 
 
 61 
 
 soixante-et-un 
 
 twice 
 
 [5] 
 
 deux fois ; etc. 
 
2. METRIC SYSTEM— SYSTeME MeTRIQUE 
 
 Length — longueurs: The unit is the meter or metre, 
 divided into 100 (cent) centimetres, each centimetre being 
 divided into 10 millimetres. 1 metre = 39.37 inches; 1 mile 
 = 1609.30 metres; 1 in. = 2.54 cm.; 1 sq. in. = 6.452 so., cm.; 
 1 cu. in. = 16.387 cu. cm. (See cut, p. 11). The kilometre 
 being 1000 metres, it can be said that 2 miles equal 3 
 kilometres, approximately. 
 
 Calibres and diameters are usually expressed in milli- 
 meters; for example the French field gun, whose bore is 75 
 mm., is called "le soixante-quinze. " 
 
 Liquid and dry measures — mesiires: the unit is the 
 litre. 1 quart = 1 litre nearly, or .94636 exactly. 1 pint = y 2 
 litre, un demi litre. iy 2 Pint = *4> un quart, or un quart de 
 litre. 
 
 N.B. — 1 quart is thus equivalent to 4 French quarts. 
 
 Weights — poids: the unit is the kilogramme, or 1000 
 grammes. 1 kilogramme = 2y 5 English pounds nearly, or 
 2.20462 pounds exactly. 1 pound = 453 grammes nearly, or 
 453.359 grammes exactly. 1 ounce = 28 grammes nearly, or 
 28.3495 grammes exactly. The French pound or livre, though 
 not an official measure, is often used. 
 
 Degrees — degres: Angles are read in minutes and seconds, 
 as in English. 
 
 Temperature — temperature: Only the centigrade ther- 
 mometer is used. (See cut, p. 9). 
 
 Pressure: Barometers, gauges, etc., are read in kilo- 
 grammes, centimetres, and millimetres. 
 
 The divisions and multiples used in the metric system 
 are as follows: 
 
 unit = 1 unit, e.g., meter. unit = 1 
 
 deca- = 10 units, e.g., decameter. deci- = 1/10 
 
 hecto-= 100 units, e.g., hectometer. centi-= 1/100 
 
 kilo- = 1000 units, e.g., kilometer. milli- = 1/1000 
 
 [6] 
 
length 
 
 //v. 
 
 CAT 
 
 O — 
 
 
 3 — i 
 + - 
 
 6 - 
 
 7 — \ 
 
 8 — iz 
 
 0.0 
 
 ou5- 
 
 /.o 
 
 A^ 
 
 2.o 
 
 S -^ 
 
 iO 
 
 2.S* 
 
 SO 
 
 3.S 
 
 +.o 
 
 
 &oo— 
 
 /90- 
 
 /OO 
 
 __ SO/4./A/G 
 
 SO 
 
 /3e-~ 
 
 /70— 
 
 — So 
 
 /eo— 
 
 — 7 ° 
 
 /*fo— 
 
 
 
 /■&o 
 
 6o 
 
 /JO- 
 
 
 /eo— 
 
 — *SO 
 
 //O— 
 
 
 /GO- 
 
 — +o 
 
 SO— 
 
 ao- 
 
 — 3o 
 
 70- 
 
 — 20 
 
 eo— 
 
 — 
 
 i&O-J 
 
 fO 
 
 -to_ 
 
 
 32 , 
 
 o 
 
 9Z £cr^ 
 
 **/Z££-z./asg 
 
 /O— 
 
 — -/O 
 
 O— 
 
 -/o— 
 
 2o 
 
 ~2o-^ 
 
 — -30 
 
 so— 
 
 
 fT~ ^2 
 
 + JLC 
 
 %5" 
 
 g^ ^-g^J 
 
 [7] 
 
3. MONEY— MONNAIES 
 
 The unit is the franc (frs.), about 20 cents. The franc 
 is divided into 100 centimes, but the smallest denomination 
 commonly used is 5 centimes, about 1 cent. The word sou 
 (5 centimes) is often used popularly. 
 
 1 cent =un sou, or cinq centimes (0,05). 
 
 2 cents = deux sous, or dix centimes (0,10). 
 
 5 cents = cinq, sous, or vingt-cinq centimes (0,25). 
 
 10 cents = dix sous, or cinquante centimes (0,50) . 
 
 20 cents = vingt sous, or un franc (1 frs.). 
 
 25 cents — un franc vingt-cinq (1,25). 
 
 50 cents = deux francs cinquante (2,50). 
 
 $1.00 = cinq francs (5 frcs.). 
 
 The French currency is as follows: le sou, 1 cent (cop- 
 per) ; le gros sou, or decime, 2 cents (copper) ; cinq sous, or 
 vingt-cinq centimes, 5 cents (nickel) ; dix sous, or cinquante 
 centimes, 10 cents (silver); vingt sous, or un franc, 20 cents 
 (silver); deux francs, 40 cents (silver); cinq francs, $1.00 
 (silver or paper); 10 francs, $2.00 (paper); 20 francs, $4.00 
 (paper); 50 francs $10.00 (paper); 100 francs, $20.00 (paper), 
 (paper). 
 
 Caution: Bills under 5 francs have been recently issued 
 in certain parts of France, owing to the shortage of silver 
 coins. They are not legal tender throughout France and can 
 be used only locally. A soldier should not accept these 
 unless he is to remain in the same place for some time. 
 
 1 pound English = $5.00 approximately. 
 
 1 shilling = 25c. 
 
 I cannot take paper. Donnez-moi des pieces. 
 
 How much is it? Combien? 
 
 Too dear. Trop cher. 
 
 Cheap. Bon marche. 
 
 Can you make change? Avez-vous la monnaie? 
 
 This is not the right change. Ce n'est pas le compte. 
 
 [8] 
 
4. TIME— LE TEMPS— L'HEURE 
 
 Railroad and official time: The "day is divided into 24 
 hours, beginning at 12 p.m. 
 
 1 a.m. is 1 heure (une heure). 
 
 2 a.m. is 2 heures (deux heures). 
 
 3 a.m. is 3 heures (trois heures). 
 
 12 (noon) is 12 heures (douze heures) or midi. 
 
 1 p.m. is 13 heures (treize heures). 
 
 2 p.m. is 14 heures (quatorze heures). 
 
 3 p.m. is 15 heures (quinze heures). 
 
 11 p.m. is 23 heures (vingt-trois heures). 
 Midnight, minuit. 
 However, everybody is still familiar with the older system, 
 which is similar to the American way of computing time. 
 
 The easiest way to express time is to follow the railroad 
 timetable system, 11:45 a.m. (onze heures quarante cinq). 
 Avoid the expressions half past, quarter of, five minutes to, 
 etc. 
 
 matin 
 
 apres-midi 
 
 soir 
 
 nuit 
 
 aujourdhui 
 
 hier (hi- er) 
 
 avant-hier 
 
 demain 
 
 apres-demain 
 
 maintenant 
 
 combien de fois? 
 
 il-y-a combien de temps? 
 
 il n'ya pas longtemps? 
 
 la niiit derniere 
 
 Quelle heure? 
 
 Je veux partir aujourdhui. 
 
 morning 
 
 afternoon 
 
 evening 
 
 night 
 
 to-day 
 
 yesterday 
 
 day before yesterday 
 
 to-morrow 
 
 day after to-morrow 
 
 now 
 
 how often? 
 
 how long ago? 
 
 not long ago? 
 
 last night 
 
 What time is it? 
 
 I want to go to-day. 
 
 [9 
 
MONTHS— MOIS 
 
 January 
 
 February 
 
 March 
 
 April 
 
 May 
 
 June 
 
 July 
 
 August 
 
 September 
 
 October 
 
 November 
 
 December 
 
 Janvier 
 
 fevrier 
 
 mars 
 
 avril 
 
 mai 
 
 juin 
 
 juillet 
 
 aotit (oo) 
 
 septembre 
 
 octobre 
 
 novembre 
 
 decembre 
 
 DAYS OF THE WEEK— JOURS DE LA SEMAINE 
 
 Sunday 
 
 Monday 
 
 Tuesday 
 
 Wednesday 
 
 Thursday 
 
 Friday 
 
 Saturday 
 
 dimanche 
 
 lundi 
 
 mardi 
 
 mercredi 
 
 jeudi 
 
 vendredi 
 
 samedi 
 
 To express dates, the first day of the month is called 
 le premier; the second, le deux; the third, le trois; etc. A 
 date is always written in the order, day, month, year; thus 
 4 Juillet 1918, never Juillet 4, 1918. Again, 4/5/18 means 
 4 Mai, 1918, not 5 Avril, 1918. 
 
 [10] 
 
5. AIRPLANE 
 aerodrome 
 air-pump 
 altitude 
 axle 
 biplane 
 body 
 
 covered body- 
 brake 
 breakdown 
 cabane 
 carriage 
 
 center of gravity- 
 center of pressure 
 center of traction 
 cock pit 
 control 
 control lever 
 control wire 
 dihedral 
 
 dismount (a wing, etc.) 
 dive (to) 
 eddies 
 
 edge (leading) 
 edge (trailing) 
 elevator 
 
 factor of safety 
 ferrule 
 
 flap, balancing 
 fly, to 
 fuselage 
 gasoline 
 guy wires 
 hood 
 
 horsepower 
 hinge 
 
 [ 
 
 —aeroplane 
 
 aerodrome 
 
 pompe a air 
 
 altitude 
 
 essieu 
 
 biplan 
 
 nacelle 
 
 entoilage 
 
 frein 
 
 panne 
 
 cabane 
 
 cadre 
 
 centre de gravite 
 
 centre de pression 
 
 centre de traction 
 
 baquet 
 
 commandes 
 
 levier de commande 
 
 cable de commande, or fil 
 
 diedre 
 
 demonter 
 
 piquer 
 
 remous 
 
 plan d'attaque 
 
 plan de sortie 
 
 gouvernail de profondeur 
 
 coefficient de securite 
 
 epaulement 
 
 aileron 
 
 voler 
 
 fuselage 
 
 essence 
 
 haubans 
 
 capot 
 
 cheval vapeur 
 
 charniere 
 
 ii] 
 
hinged 
 hydroplane 
 incidence 
 joint 
 
 universal joint 
 landing 
 
 landing chassis 
 length 
 lever 
 
 load (active) 
 longeron 
 lurch, to 
 monoplane 
 motive power 
 motor 
 
 quadrangular 
 observer 
 oil (lubricating) 
 one-seater 
 piano wire 
 pilot 
 
 pitch (of a screw) 
 pocket, air 
 pontoon 
 power 
 propeller 
 pusher 
 pulley- 
 pylon 
 radiator 
 recoil springs 
 rib 
 
 rigging 
 rim (of tire) 
 rod (connecting) 
 rudder 
 seat 
 section 
 
 articule 
 
 hydravion 
 
 incidence 
 
 articulation 
 
 joint universel 
 
 atterrissage 
 
 chassis d' atterrissage 
 
 longueur 
 
 levier 
 
 charge utile 
 
 longeron 
 
 faire tine embardee 
 
 monoplan 
 
 force motrice 
 
 moteur 
 
 quadrangulaire 
 
 observateur 
 
 huile (ti-i-1) 
 
 monoplace 
 
 corde a piano 
 
 pilote 
 
 pas d'tine vis 
 
 trou d'air 
 
 ponton 
 
 puissance 
 
 helice 
 
 appareil a helice arriere 
 
 poulie 
 
 pylone 
 
 radiateur 
 
 amortisseur 
 
 nervure 
 
 haubannage 
 
 jante 
 
 bielle 
 
 gouvernail 
 
 siege 
 
 tranche 
 
 [12] 
 
shock absorber 
 
 side-slip, to 
 
 skid, to 
 
 skid (under tail) 
 
 socket 
 
 span 
 
 spar 
 
 speedometer 
 
 spoke 
 
 spring 
 
 stabilizer 
 
 stagger 
 
 staggered planes 
 
 steel tube 
 
 steer 
 
 steerable 
 
 strips 
 
 struts 
 
 surface (lifting) 
 
 support 
 
 support wires 
 
 tail 
 
 tire 
 
 tractor 
 
 trial 
 
 tube 
 
 turnbuckle 
 
 turn turtle, to 
 
 vol-plane, to 
 
 warping 
 
 wing 
 
 lower wing 
 upper wing 
 
 weight (dead) 
 
 wheel 
 
 wire rope 
 
 wire 
 
 wire, broken 
 
 amortisseurs 
 
 glisser sur l'aile 
 
 deraper 
 
 bequille 
 
 douille 
 
 envergure 
 
 longeron 
 
 indicateur de vitesse 
 
 rayon 
 
 ressort 
 
 stabilisateur 
 
 decalement 
 
 plans decales 
 
 tiibes d'acier 
 
 diriger 
 
 dirigeable 
 
 lattes 
 
 mats or montants 
 
 surface portante 
 
 appui 
 
 fils de soutien 
 
 queue 
 
 pneu 
 
 appareil a helice avant 
 
 essai 
 
 tube 
 
 tendeur, ecrou de reglage 
 
 capoter 
 
 volplaner 
 
 gauchissement 
 
 aile 
 
 aile inferieure 
 
 aile superieure 
 poids a vide 
 roue 
 
 cables d'acier 
 fil 
 fil rompii 
 
 [13] 
 
MOTOR— MOTEUR 
 
 air-valve 
 
 ball bearing, nut for, 279 
 
 base with bearing cups, oil 
 
 duct cylinder studs, 1 
 cam rocker, shaft for, 112 
 cam rocker and roller, 118 
 cam shaft, right hand, 97 
 cam shaft, left hand, 98 
 cam shaft gear, 103 
 compression 
 carburetor 
 
 flooded 
 case 
 
 coupling block, 215 
 crank shaft, 119 
 crank shaft, starting, dog 
 
 for, 447 
 crank pin, bolt and nut for, 
 
 361 
 cylinder, 362 
 drive shaft, coupling for, 214 
 
 end bearing, 101 
 
 exhaust elbow, 366 
 
 explosive (adjective) 
 
 fan 
 
 fly-wheel 
 
 idler gear, 203 
 
 inlet pipe, water jacketed, 
 
 left side, 377 
 magneto, 383 
 magneto, 382 
 magneto coupling, 217 
 magneto driving gear and 
 
 shaft, 200 
 
 soupape d' admission d'air 
 
 reglage du roulement a billes 
 
 base avec graisseurs, tiiyau d'- 
 huile et tenons du cylindre 
 
 arbre du ciilbuteur 
 
 culbiiteur 
 
 arbre a cames, cote droit 
 
 arbre a cames, cote gauche 
 
 engrenage dii vilbrequin 
 
 compression 
 
 carburateur 
 noye 
 
 carter 
 
 manchon d' assemblage 
 
 vilbrequin 
 
 cliquet de la manivelle de mise 
 en marche 
 
 boulon et ecrou de la mani- 
 velle 
 
 cylindre 
 
 assemblage de 1' arbre de 
 transmission 
 
 tourillon 
 
 coude de l'echappement 
 
 detonant 
 
 ventilateur 
 
 volant 
 
 desembrayage 
 
 tube d' admission a circulation 
 d'eau, cote gauche 
 
 magneto 
 
 magneto 
 
 embrayage de la magneto 
 
 engrenage et arbre de la mag- 
 neto 
 
 [14] 
 
Longitudinal Section 
 
 [15] 
 
mixture 
 
 muffler 
 
 oil sump, 21 
 
 oil filter screen, 29 
 
 piston, 413 
 
 piston ring, 272 
 
 pressure gauge, 258 
 
 priming cup, 146 
 
 propelling and center gear 
 
 end bearing, sup, stud, nut 
 
 and washer, 330 
 
 rod and cap babbitted, 150 
 
 spark 
 
 spark plug, 198 
 
 starting crank, 444 
 
 starting crank, shaft for, 445 
 
 tank 
 
 tappet rod, 427 
 
 tappet spring, 426 
 
 timing gear, half bushing 
 
 and bearing for, 132 
 valve, 418 
 valve, exhaust 
 valve guide bushing, 144 
 valve, inlet 
 valve rocker screw and nut, 
 
 420 
 valve rocker pin, 422 
 valvet, safety 
 valve seat 
 valve spring, 428 
 valve spring cup, 429 
 valve spring key, split, 477 
 valve spring seat, 430 
 valve-stem 
 vibrator 
 water connection, complete, 474 circulation d'eau 
 
 [16] 
 
 de piston 
 
 de 
 
 melange 
 
 silencieux 
 
 carter a hiiile 
 
 filtre a hiiile 
 
 piston 
 
 segment or bague 
 
 manometre 
 
 robinet de decompression 
 
 centre et butee de l'arbre 
 
 transmission, graisseur, 
 
 tenon, ecrou et rondelle 
 
 d' ecrou 
 bielle bronzee 
 etincelle 
 bougie 
 
 manivelle de mise en marche 
 arbre de la mise en marche 
 reservoir 
 tige poussoir 
 
 ressort de la tige poussoir 
 manchon et coussinet pour 
 a vane e a l'allumage 
 soupape 
 
 soupape d'echappement 
 manchon de la tige de valve 
 soupape d' alimentation 
 boulon et ecrou du culbuteur 
 
 de valve 
 tourillon du culbuteur 
 soupape de surete 
 siege de valve 
 ressort de soupape 
 tete du ressort de soupape 
 goupille du ressort de soupape 
 support du ressort de soupape 
 tige de valve 
 trembleur 
 
 (like oh) 
 
Propeller End View 
 
 water jacket 
 
 water pipe for cylinder, 442 
 water pump body, 295 
 water pump cover, 433 
 water pump gear and shaft, 
 
 299 
 water pump impeller, 298 
 
 water pump to cylinder, 307 
 wrist pin, 414 
 
 chemise d'eau 
 
 tuyau d'eau pour le cylindre 
 pompe de circulation d'eau 
 fermetiire de la pompe 
 engrenage et arbre de la 
 
 pompe de circulation d'eau 
 mise en marche de la pompe 
 
 de circulation d'eau 
 pompe de circulation d'eau 
 tourillon de la tete de bielle 
 
 [17] 
 
7. MACHINE GUN, 
 
 BOMB— MITRAILLEUSE, BOMBE 
 
 "barrel 
 
 canon 
 
 bolt 
 
 verrou 
 
 butt 
 
 crosse 
 
 cartridge 
 
 cartouche 
 
 ejector 
 
 ejecteur 
 
 extractor 
 
 extracteur 
 
 gas chamber 
 
 chambre a gaz 
 
 gear 
 
 engrenage 
 
 guard 
 
 garde 
 
 handle (of a gun) 
 
 poignee 
 
 lever 
 
 levier 
 
 limber 
 
 caisson 
 
 magazine 
 
 magasin 
 
 mainspring 
 
 grand ressort 
 
 pawl 
 
 cliquet 
 
 pin 
 
 perciiteur 
 
 radiator 
 
 radiateur, refroidissement 
 
 sights 
 
 hausse 
 
 tension 
 
 tension 
 
 trigger 
 
 detente 
 
 tripod 
 
 pied 
 
 angle of sight 
 
 angle de vision 
 
 bomb 
 
 bombe 
 
 cap (detonating) 
 
 detonateur 
 
 firing pin 
 
 perciiteur 
 
 fuse 
 
 fusee 
 
 harmless 
 
 sans danger 
 
 liquid 
 
 liquide 
 
 membrane 
 
 membrane 
 
 nose 
 
 nez, pointe 
 
 propeller 
 
 helice 
 
 releasing device 
 
 appareil de langage 
 
 spring 
 
 ressort 
 
 vanes (wind) 
 
 ailettes 
 
 
 [18] 
 
8. TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT— OUTILS ET £QTJIPEMENT 
 
 alcohol 
 
 alcool 
 
 anvil 
 
 enclume 
 
 awl 
 
 alene 
 
 axe 
 
 hache 
 
 bench 
 
 etabli 
 
 bit 
 
 meche 
 
 bolt 
 
 boulon, ecrou 
 
 brace 
 
 vilbrequin 
 
 bucket 
 
 seau 
 
 caliper 
 
 compas d'epaisseur 
 
 cement (rubber) 
 
 dissolution 
 
 chisel 
 
 ciseau 
 
 cold chisel 
 
 ciseau a froid 
 
 coal oil 
 
 petrole or luciline 
 
 compass 
 
 boussole 
 
 compasses 
 
 compas 
 
 crowbar 
 
 levier 
 
 cutter (wire) 
 
 pince coupante 
 
 emery-cloth 
 
 toile d'emeri 
 
 file 
 
 lime 
 
 gear-wheel 
 
 pignon 
 
 gimlet 
 
 vrille 
 
 hammer 
 
 marteau 
 
 hatchet 
 
 hache 
 
 hook 
 
 crochet 
 
 jack 
 
 eric 
 
 key 
 
 cle 
 
 knife 
 
 couteau 
 
 lathe 
 
 tour 
 
 level 
 
 niveau 
 
 monkey-wrench 
 
 cle anglaise 
 
 nail 
 
 clou 
 
 nail set 
 
 repoussoir 
 
 nut 
 
 ecrou 
 
 [19] 
 
oil-can 
 
 burette 
 
 pick 
 
 pic 
 
 pincers 
 
 tenailles 
 
 pinch bar 
 
 pince 
 
 plane 
 
 rabot 
 
 plier 
 
 des pinces 
 
 plumb bob 
 
 fil a plomb 
 
 plumber's torch 
 
 lampe a souder 
 
 pulley 
 
 poulie 
 
 punch 
 
 emporte-piece 
 
 rasp 
 
 rape 
 
 rivet 
 
 rivet 
 
 rod 
 
 barre 
 
 rope 
 
 corde 
 
 rubber 
 
 caoutchouc 
 
 sand paper 
 
 papier de verre 
 
 saw 
 
 scie 
 
 scissors 
 
 ciseaux 
 
 screw 
 
 ecrou, vis 
 
 screwdriver 
 
 tourne-vis 
 
 sharpening stone 
 
 pierre a aiguiser 
 
 shears 
 
 cisailles 
 
 shellac 
 
 laque 
 
 shovel 
 
 pelle 
 
 solder 
 
 soudure 
 
 soldering iron 
 
 fer a souder 
 
 spade 
 
 beche 
 
 spring 
 
 ressort 
 
 square 
 
 equerre 
 
 temper 
 
 tremper 
 
 turn-buckle 
 
 tendeur 
 
 turpentine 
 
 terebenthine 
 
 vise 
 
 etau 
 
 weld 
 
 souder 
 
 wheelbarrow 
 
 brouette 
 
 wire 
 
 fil de fer 
 
 wire cutter 
 
 pinces coupautes 
 
 wire rope 
 
 cable d'acier 
 
 [20] 
 
9. LANDMARKS AND OBJECTS— POINTS DE REPfcRE 
 
 North Nord 
 
 South Stid 
 
 East Est 
 
 West Ouest 
 
 Northeast Nord-est 
 
 Northwest Nord-ouest 
 
 Southeast Sud-est 
 
 Southwest Sud-ouest 
 
 far 
 here 
 near 
 
 over there 
 there 
 
 animal 
 
 automobile 
 
 hank 
 
 barge 
 
 barn 
 
 boat 
 
 tow boat 
 
 row boat 
 
 bridge 
 
 bush 
 
 canal 
 
 car 
 
 passenger car 
 
 box-car 
 
 flat-car 
 
 cart 
 
 castle 
 
 chimney 
 
 church 
 
 cliff 
 
 loin 
 
 ici 
 
 pres 
 
 la-bas 
 
 la 
 
 animal 
 
 automobile 
 
 rive 
 
 chaland 
 
 grange 
 
 bateau 
 
 remorcLueur 
 
 canot 
 
 pont 
 
 buisson 
 
 canal 
 
 wagon 
 
 wagon de voyageurs 
 
 wagon de merchandises 
 
 plateforme 
 
 charette 
 
 chateau 
 
 cheminee 
 
 eglise 
 
 falaise 
 
 [21] 
 
clock 
 
 cow 
 
 crossing 
 
 dog 
 
 donkey 
 
 earth 
 
 engine 
 
 farm 
 
 fence 
 
 field 
 
 forest 
 
 garden 
 
 gate 
 
 hay-stack 
 
 hedge 
 
 highway 
 
 hill 
 
 small hill 
 horse 
 house 
 hut 
 lake 
 lane 
 meadow 
 mill 
 mud 
 path 
 Pig 
 pond 
 rail 
 
 railroad 
 rain 
 rise 
 river 
 road 
 roadbed 
 roof 
 round-house 
 
 horloge 
 
 vache 
 
 passage a niveau 
 
 chien 
 
 ane 
 
 terre 
 
 machine or locomotive 
 
 ferme 
 
 palissade 
 
 champ 
 
 fordt 
 
 jar din 
 
 porte 
 
 meule de foin 
 
 haie 
 
 grand route 
 
 colline 
 
 coteau 
 cheval 
 maison 
 hutte 
 lac 
 
 chemin 
 prairie 
 mouliri 
 boue 
 sentier 
 cochon 
 mare 
 rail 
 
 chemin de fer 
 pluie 
 montee 
 riviere 
 route 
 chaussee 
 toit 
 dep6t 
 
 [22] 
 
school 
 
 ecole 
 
 shed 
 
 hangar 
 
 side 
 
 cote 
 
 siding 
 
 voie de garage 
 
 signal 
 
 signal 
 
 sky 
 
 ciel 
 
 smoke 
 
 fiimee 
 
 smokestack 
 
 cheminee 
 
 snow 
 
 neige 
 
 station 
 
 gare 
 
 stay (to) 
 
 rester 
 
 stay here 
 
 restez ici 
 
 steeple 
 
 clocher 
 
 stone 
 
 pierre 
 
 switch 
 
 aiguillage 
 
 tank 
 
 reservoir 
 
 telegraph pole 
 
 poteau de telegraphe 
 
 tender (railroad) 
 
 tender 
 
 tie 
 
 traverse 
 
 town 
 
 ville, village 
 
 town hall 
 
 mairie 
 
 tow boat 
 
 remorqueur 
 
 tow path 
 
 chemin de halage 
 
 track 
 
 voie 
 
 trail 
 
 piste 
 
 train 
 
 train 
 
 tree 
 
 arbre 
 
 small tree 
 
 petit arbre 
 
 big tree 
 
 gros arbre 
 
 tunnel 
 
 tunnel 
 
 valley 
 
 vallee 
 
 village 
 
 village 
 
 vineyard 
 
 vignes 
 
 wagon 
 
 wagon 
 
 water tank 
 
 reservoir d'eau 
 
 wheat field 
 
 champ de ble 
 
 windmill 
 
 moulin a vent 
 
 wood 
 
 bois 
 
 [23] 
 
10. SURVEYING— TOPOGRAPHIE 
 
 angle 
 
 area 
 
 artificial horizon 
 
 ascension 
 
 azimuth 
 
 chain 
 
 circle 
 
 depth 
 
 dip 
 
 distance 
 
 drift (of a mine) 
 
 elevation (angular) 
 
 elevation (above sea level) 
 
 gradient 
 
 horizon 
 
 logarithm 
 
 latitude 
 
 length 
 
 level 
 
 level (bubble) 
 
 level (surveyor's) 
 
 location 
 
 mirror 
 
 mercury 
 
 offset 
 
 parallel 
 
 perpendicular 
 
 plane table 
 
 point 
 
 profile 
 
 protractor 
 
 range 
 
 range finder 
 
 right angle 
 
 angle 
 
 aire or surface 
 
 horizon artificiel 
 
 ascension 
 
 azimuth 
 
 chaine d'arpenteur 
 
 cercle 
 
 profondeur 
 
 pente 
 
 distance 
 
 galerie de mine 
 
 elevation 
 
 altitude 
 
 pente 
 
 horizon 
 
 logarithme 
 
 latitude 
 
 longueur 
 
 niveau 
 
 niveau d'eau 
 
 niveau d'arpenteur 
 
 situation 
 
 miroir 
 
 mercure 
 
 ordonnee 
 
 parallele 
 
 perpendiculaire 
 
 planchette d'arpenteur 
 
 point 
 
 profil 
 
 rapporteur 
 
 portee or distance 
 
 telemetre 
 
 angle droit 
 
 [24] 
 
rod 
 
 sag 
 
 sextant 
 
 shaft (of a mine) 
 
 sine 
 
 side-rule 
 
 slope 
 
 straight line 
 
 surveyor's level 
 
 sound (to) 
 
 sounding line 
 
 tangent 
 
 tape 
 
 theodolite 
 
 time 
 
 time (of day) 
 
 topography 
 
 transit 
 
 traverse 
 
 triangle 
 
 trigonometry 
 
 trigonometric table 
 
 vernier 
 
 width 
 
 echelle d'arpenteur 
 
 courbure 
 
 sextant 
 
 puits de mine 
 
 sinus 
 
 echelle de proportions 
 
 pente 
 
 ligne droite 
 
 niveau d'arpenteur 
 
 sonder 
 
 sonde 
 
 tangente 
 
 metre d'arpenteur 
 
 theodolite 
 
 le temps 
 
 l'heure 
 
 topographie 
 
 theodolite 
 
 table pour faire le point 
 
 triangle 
 
 trigonometrie 
 
 tables de trigonometrie 
 
 vernier 
 
 larguer 
 
 [25] 
 
11. ARMY— ARMfiE 
 
 army corps 
 
 division 
 
 brigade 
 
 regiment 
 
 battalion 
 
 company 
 
 squad 
 
 artillery 
 
 cavalry 
 
 infantry 
 
 engineers 
 
 flying corps 
 
 quartermaster department 
 
 red cross 
 
 general 
 
 lieutenant-general 
 
 major-general 
 
 colonel 
 
 major 
 
 captain 
 
 lieutenant 
 
 non-commissioned oftlcer 
 
 private 
 
 doctor 
 
 Caution: To ask for the 
 man to ask for the doctor. 
 
 corps d'armee 
 division 
 brigade 
 regiment 
 
 bataillon (escadron for cav- 
 alry) 
 compagnie 
 escouade 
 artillerie 
 cavalerie 
 infanterie 
 genie 
 aviation 
 intendance 
 
 croix rouge, or service de sante 
 general 
 
 general de division 
 general de brigade 
 colonel 
 commandant 
 capitaine 
 lieutenant 
 sous-officier 
 soldat 
 major 
 "Major" means to a French- 
 
 advance guard 
 
 ambulance 
 
 ammunition 
 
 arsenal 
 
 attack 
 
 barbed wire 
 
 avant-garde 
 
 ambulance 
 
 munitions 
 
 arsenal 
 
 attaque 
 
 fil de fer barbele" 
 
 [26] 
 
barracks 
 
 battery 
 
 bayonet 
 
 bullet 
 
 breach 
 
 call the roll 
 
 camp 
 
 cannon 
 
 cartridge 
 
 code 
 
 colors (flag) 
 
 communication trench 
 
 commandeer, to 
 
 convoy 
 
 court-martial 
 
 despatch 
 
 despatch bearer 
 
 distress signal 
 
 dugout 
 
 dump (shell) 
 
 dynamite 
 
 encamp, to 
 
 explosive 
 
 fatigue party 
 
 flag 
 
 flash lantern 
 
 flying torpedo 
 
 foreign legion 
 
 gas mask 
 
 grenadier 
 
 guards 
 
 gun (artillery) 
 
 gun cotton 
 
 hand grenade 
 
 headquarters 
 
 helmet 
 
 hospital 
 
 howitzer 
 
 caserne 
 
 batterie 
 
 baionnette 
 
 balle 
 
 breche 
 
 faire l'appel 
 
 camp 
 
 canon 
 
 cartouche 
 
 code 
 
 drapeau 
 
 boyau 
 
 requisitionner 
 
 convoi 
 
 conseil de guerre 
 
 message 
 
 messager 
 
 signal de detresse 
 
 abri 
 
 depot d'obiis 
 
 dynamite 
 
 camper 
 
 explosif 
 
 corvee 
 
 drapeau 
 
 lanterne 
 
 torpille 
 
 legion etrangere 
 
 masque 
 
 grenadier 
 
 garde 
 
 canon 
 
 cotton poudre 
 
 grenade 
 
 quartier general 
 
 casque 
 
 hopital 
 
 obusier 
 
 [27] 
 
interpreter 
 
 interprete 
 
 leave (on) 
 
 permission 
 
 liaison 
 
 liaison 
 
 limber 
 
 caisson or avant-train 
 
 lookout 
 
 poste d 'observation 
 
 machine gun 
 
 mitrailleuse 
 
 mine 
 
 mine 
 
 mortar 
 
 mortier 
 
 office 
 
 bureau 
 
 officer 
 
 officier 
 
 order, an 
 
 reglement 
 
 patrol 
 
 patrouille 
 
 pistol 
 
 revolver 
 
 post 
 
 poste 
 
 post office 
 
 bureau de poste 
 
 powder 
 
 poudre 
 
 rear-guard 
 
 arriere-guarde 
 
 reinforcements 
 
 renforts 
 
 revolver 
 
 revolver 
 
 rifle 
 
 fusil 
 
 rocket 
 
 fusee 
 
 roll-call 
 
 appel 
 
 salute 
 
 saliit 
 
 sentinel 
 
 sentinelle 
 
 shell 
 
 obtis 
 
 shell dump 
 
 depot d* obtis 
 
 shield 
 
 bouclier 
 
 shrapnel 
 
 shrapnell 
 
 signal 
 
 signal 
 
 staff 
 
 etat-major 
 
 storm (to) 
 
 prendre d'assaut 
 
 torpedo 
 
 torpille (torpiye) 
 
 tractor 
 
 tracteur 
 
 trench 
 
 tranchee 
 
 wireless 
 
 telegraphic sans fil 
 
 [28] 
 
12. PROVISIONS— PROVISIONS 
 
 bakery la boulangerie 
 
 beef dti boeuf 
 
 bread dti pain 
 
 butter dti beurre 
 
 cheese dti fromage 
 
 chicken dti poulet 
 
 cigars un cigare 
 
 cigarettes des cigarettes 
 
 coffee dti cafe 
 
 eggs, fried des oeuf s, sur le plat 
 
 fish du poisson 
 
 fruit des fruits 
 
 grocery epicerie 
 
 ham dti jambon 
 
 jam des confittires 
 
 matches des alltimettes 
 
 milk dti lait 
 
 mutton dti mouton 
 
 pepper dti poivre 
 
 pipe tine pipe 
 
 pork dti pore 
 
 potatoes pommes de terre 
 
 salt dti sel 
 
 soap dti savon 
 
 soup de la soupe 
 
 tea dti the 
 
 tobacco dti tabac 
 
 water de l'eau (like o) 
 
 wine dti vin 
 
 I am thirsty j'ai soif 
 
 I am hungry j'ai faim 
 
 I am cold j'ai froid 
 
 Give me this Donnez moi ceci 
 
 How much Combien 
 
 [29] 
 
13. WOUNDED— BLESSfi 
 
 ambulance 
 
 ambulance 
 
 antiseptic 
 
 antiseptique 
 
 ankle 
 
 cheville 
 
 arm 
 
 bras 
 
 artery 
 
 artere 
 
 back 
 
 dos 
 
 bandage 
 
 bandage 
 
 bed 
 
 lit 
 
 body- 
 
 corps 
 
 bowels 
 
 intestin 
 
 brandy 
 
 cognac 
 
 broken 
 
 casse 
 
 bruise 
 
 contusion 
 
 chamber pot 
 
 pot de chambre 
 
 chest 
 
 poitrine 
 
 chill 
 
 frisson 
 
 cold (adjective) 
 
 froid 
 
 cold (a) 
 
 rhume 
 
 cotton 
 
 coton 
 
 dispensary 
 
 infirmerie 
 
 doctor 
 
 docteur 
 
 drug store 
 
 pharmacie 
 
 ear 
 
 oreille 
 
 elbow 
 
 coude 
 
 eye, eyes 
 
 oeil, les yeux 
 
 face 
 
 figure 
 
 fever 
 
 fievre 
 
 field hospital 
 
 hospital de campagne 
 
 first aid station 
 
 poste de seecours 
 
 finger 
 
 doigt 
 
 foot 
 
 pied 
 
 forehead 
 
 front 
 
 hand 
 
 main 
 
 head 
 
 tete 
 
 [30] 
 
headache 
 
 mal de t§te 
 
 heart 
 
 coeur 
 
 hemorrhage 
 
 hemorragie 
 
 hospital 
 
 hospital 
 
 hot 
 
 chaud 
 
 hot water bottle 
 
 bouillotte 
 
 iodine 
 
 teinture d'iode 
 
 knee 
 
 genou 
 
 leg 
 
 jambe 
 
 lung 
 
 poumon 
 
 mouth 
 
 bouche 
 
 nausea (sea-sickness) 
 
 nau see 
 
 neck 
 
 cou 
 
 nose 
 
 nez 
 
 nose bleed 
 
 saignement de nez 
 
 pillow 
 
 oreiller 
 
 quinine 
 
 quinine 
 
 rib 
 
 cote 
 
 stomach 
 
 * estomac 
 
 stomach-ache 
 
 mal d' estomac 
 
 shoulder 
 
 epaule 
 
 throat 
 
 gorge 
 
 toe 
 
 doigt de pied 
 
 tooth 
 
 dent 
 
 toothache 
 
 mal de dents 
 
 tongue 
 
 langue 
 
 urinal 
 
 pistolet 
 
 vein 
 
 veine 
 
 wound 
 
 blessure 
 
 wrist 
 
 poignet 
 
 Be careful 
 
 attention 
 
 Gently 
 
 doucement 
 
 It is painful 
 
 c'est douloureux, je souffre 
 
 I am thirsty- 
 
 j'ai soif, a boire 
 
 Give me a drink 
 
 donnez-moi a boire 
 
 Please 
 
 s'il vous plait 
 
 Thank you 
 
 merci 
 
 [31] 
 
above 
 
 au dessus 
 
 across 
 
 a travers 
 
 afraid 
 
 peur 
 
 he is afraid 
 
 il a peur 
 
 after 
 
 apres 
 
 again 
 
 encore 
 
 air 
 
 air 
 
 airplane (see p. 11) 
 
 avion 
 
 aim (to) 
 
 viser 
 
 alive 
 
 vivant 
 
 all 
 
 tous 
 
 aluminum 
 
 aluminium 
 
 am (I) 
 
 je suis 
 
 and 
 
 et 
 
 answer 
 
 reponse 
 
 alone 
 
 seul 
 
 always 
 
 tou jours 
 
 America 
 
 Amerique 
 
 American 
 
 americain 
 
 and 
 
 et 
 
 animal 
 
 animal 
 
 approach (to) 
 
 approcher 
 
 attack 
 
 attaque 
 
 are (we) 
 
 nous sommes 
 
 you are 
 
 vous etes 
 
 they are 
 
 ils sont 
 
 army (see p. 26) 
 
 Tarmee 
 
 around 
 
 autour de 
 
 ask (to) 
 
 demander 
 
 hack 
 
 derriere 
 
 backward 
 
 en arriere 
 
 had 
 
 mauvais 
 
 hag 
 
 sac 
 
 bakery 
 
 houlangerie 
 
 bandage 
 
 bandage 
 
 [32] 
 
bank (river) 
 
 rive 
 
 
 barber 
 
 barbier 
 
 
 barge 
 
 chaland 
 
 
 barn 
 
 grange 
 
 
 barometer 
 
 barometre 
 
 
 bath 
 
 bain 
 
 
 battery (electric) 
 
 pile 
 
 
 dry 
 
 seche 
 
 
 storage 
 
 accumulateur, 
 
 or accus 
 
 in series 
 
 en tension 
 
 
 beef 
 
 boeuf 
 
 
 Belgian 
 
 beige 
 
 
 Belgium 
 
 Belgique 
 
 
 bed 
 
 lit 
 
 
 beer 
 
 de la biere 
 
 
 before (time) 
 
 avant 
 
 
 before (place) 
 
 devant 
 
 
 behind 
 
 derriere 
 
 
 below 
 
 en bas 
 
 
 bend (to) 
 
 courber 
 
 
 bent 
 
 courbe 
 
 
 better 
 
 mieux (mi-eu) 
 
 
 big 
 
 grand 
 
 
 bind (machinery) 
 
 gripper 
 
 
 bind (tie up) 
 
 attacher 
 
 
 black 
 
 noir 
 
 
 blacksmith 
 
 forgeron 
 
 
 blanket 
 
 couvertiire 
 
 
 blood 
 
 sang 
 
 
 boat 
 
 bateau 
 
 
 boil (to) 
 
 bouillir 
 
 
 bolt 
 
 boulon 
 
 
 book 
 
 livre 
 
 
 bore (to) 
 
 percer 
 
 
 borrow (to) 
 
 emprunter 
 
 
 bottle 
 
 bouteille 
 
 
 box 
 
 boite 
 
 
 brandy 
 
 cognac 
 
 [33] 
 
 
breach 
 
 breche 
 
 break down 
 
 panne 
 
 bread 
 
 pain 
 
 breech 
 
 ciilasse 
 
 brick 
 
 brique 
 
 bridge 
 
 pont 
 
 bring (to) 
 
 apporter 
 
 broken 
 
 casse, or rompii 
 
 brown 
 
 brim 
 
 bruise 
 
 contusion 
 
 brush 
 
 brosse 
 
 burn (to) 
 
 bruler 
 
 bury (to) 
 
 enterrer 
 
 burst 
 
 eclater 
 
 bush 
 
 buisson 
 
 butt 
 
 crosse 
 
 button 
 
 bout on 
 
 buy (to) 
 
 acheter 
 
 cable 
 
 cable 
 
 canal 
 
 canal 
 
 camera 
 
 appareil photographique 
 
 canvas 
 
 toile 
 
 car 
 
 voiture 
 
 care (of machine) 
 
 entretien 
 
 care (with) 
 
 avec precaution 
 
 cart 
 
 charrette 
 
 cartridge 
 
 cartouche 
 
 carry (to) 
 
 porter 
 
 cave (dugout) 
 
 abri 
 
 cement 
 
 ciment 
 
 chair 
 
 chaise 
 
 cheese 
 
 fromage 
 
 child 
 
 enfants 
 
 chimney 
 
 cheminee 
 
 chocolate 
 
 chocolat 
 
 church 
 
 eglise 
 
 cigar 
 
 cigare 
 
 cigarettes 
 
 cigarettes 
 
 
 [34] 
 
city 
 clean 
 
 this is not clean 
 cliff 
 clock 
 
 close (adverb) 
 close (to) 
 cloud 
 cock 
 code 
 coffee 
 comb 
 cold 
 
 I have a cold 
 color 
 
 come (to) 
 come 
 
 I come 
 
 I came 
 come down (to) 
 come in 
 come out 
 command (to) 
 cook 
 copper 
 cord 
 
 cork-screw 
 cost (to) 
 
 How much does it cost 9 
 cow 
 
 crawl (to) 
 crossing (railroad) 
 cup 
 
 cut (to) 
 cut (railroad) 
 danger 
 dark 
 dark room 
 
 ville 
 propre 
 
 ce n'est pas propre 
 falaise 
 horloge 
 pres 
 fermer 
 nuage 
 robinet 
 code 
 cafe 
 peigne 
 froid 
 
 j'ai un rhume 
 couleur 
 venir 
 venez 
 
 je viens 
 
 je suis venti 
 descendre 
 entrez 
 sortez 
 commander 
 cuisinier 
 ciiivre 
 corde 
 
 tire-bouchon 
 couter 
 
 Combien? 
 vache 
 ramper 
 
 passage a niveau 
 tasse 
 couper 
 
 tranchee de chemin de fer 
 danger 
 sombre 
 chambre noire 
 
 [35] 
 
dare (to) 
 
 oser 
 
 dead 
 
 mort 
 
 deck of cards 
 
 paquet de cartes 
 
 destroy (to) 
 
 detruire 
 
 die (to) 
 
 mourir 
 
 dig (to) 
 
 creuser 
 
 dirty 
 
 sale 
 
 distance 
 
 distance 
 
 distress signal 
 
 signal de detresse 
 
 ditch 
 
 fosse 
 
 doctor 
 
 docteur 
 
 donkey 
 
 ane 
 
 door 
 
 porte 
 
 down 
 
 en bas 
 
 drag (to) 
 
 tirer 
 
 draw 
 
 dessiner 
 
 drawing 
 
 dessin 
 
 drink (to) 
 
 boire 
 
 dry 
 
 sec 
 
 dugout 
 
 abri 
 
 dull (tool) 
 
 emousse 
 
 dust 
 
 poussiere 
 
 dying 
 
 mourant 
 
 each 
 
 chaque 
 
 early 
 
 de bonne heure 
 
 call me early 
 
 reveillez-moi de bonne heure 
 
 earth 
 
 terre 
 
 easy 
 
 facile 
 
 eggs 
 
 des oeufs 
 
 elastic 
 
 elastique 
 
 emery cloth 
 
 toile d'emeri 
 
 empty 
 
 vide 
 
 end 
 
 bout 
 
 enemy 
 
 ennemi 
 
 England 
 
 Angleterre 
 
 English 
 
 anglais 
 
 every (all) 
 
 tous 
 
 every (each) 
 
 chacun 
 
 [36] 
 
explode (to) 
 
 exploser 
 
 explosion 
 
 explosion 
 
 explosive (an) 
 
 explosif 
 
 explosive (adjective) 
 
 detonant 
 
 fan 
 
 ventilateur 
 
 fall (to) 
 
 tomber 
 
 false 
 
 faux 
 
 far 
 
 loin 
 
 farm 
 
 ferine 
 
 fast (adjective) 
 
 rapide 
 
 fast (to make) 
 
 attacher 
 
 father 
 
 pere 
 
 fatigue 
 
 fatigue 
 
 fatigue party- 
 
 corvee 
 
 faucet 
 
 robinet 
 
 fear (to) 
 
 craindre 
 
 fell (to) 
 
 tombe 
 
 fence 
 
 palissade 
 
 fetch (to) 
 
 aller chercher 
 
 fetch him, it 
 
 allez le chercher 
 
 few 
 
 peu 
 
 field 
 
 champ 
 
 film 
 
 pellicule 
 
 fill (to) 
 
 remplir 
 
 filter 
 
 filtre 
 
 fine (small) 
 
 fin 
 
 fire 
 
 feu 
 
 fire (to) 
 
 f aire feu 
 
 first 
 
 premier 
 
 fish 
 
 poisson 
 
 fit (to) 
 
 aller 
 
 it fits 
 
 cela va 
 
 it will fit 
 
 cela ira 
 
 it does not fit 
 
 cela ne va pas 
 
 fix (to) 
 
 arranger 
 
 flag 
 
 drapeau 
 
 flare 
 
 torche 
 
 flash-lantern 
 
 lampe de poche 
 
 [37] 
 
flexible 
 
 flood 
 
 follow 
 
 follow me 
 
 forge (to) 
 
 forward 
 
 France 
 
 French 
 
 friend 
 
 front 
 
 frozen 
 
 fruit 
 
 full 
 
 funnel 
 
 fuse 
 
 game (play) 
 
 garden 
 
 gas 
 
 gas-mask 
 
 gate 
 
 gear 
 
 gear-wheel 
 
 German 
 
 Germany- 
 get (to) 
 
 get it 
 
 girl 
 
 give (to) 
 
 glass 
 
 glue 
 
 go (to) 
 I go 
 he goes 
 you go 
 they go 
 I will go 
 he will go 
 he went 
 
 flexible 
 
 inondation 
 
 suivre 
 
 suivez-moi 
 
 forger 
 
 en avant 
 
 France 
 
 francais 
 
 ami 
 
 le front 
 
 gele 
 
 des fruits 
 
 plein 
 
 entonnoir 
 
 fusee 
 
 jeu 
 
 jardin 
 
 gaz 
 
 masque 
 
 porte 
 
 engrenage 
 
 pignon 
 
 allemand 
 
 Allcmagne 
 
 aller chercher 
 
 allez le chercher 
 
 fille 
 
 donner 
 
 verre 
 
 colle forte 
 
 aller 
 
 je vais 
 
 il va 
 
 vous allez 
 
 ils vont 
 
 j'irai 
 
 il ira 
 
 il est alle 
 
 [38] 
 
good 
 
 good-bye 
 
 grease 
 
 greasy- 
 green 
 
 grinding stone 
 
 grocery 
 
 ground 
 
 guess (to) 
 I guess so 
 
 ham 
 
 hand 
 
 hard 
 
 have (to) 
 I have 
 he has 
 you have 
 they have 
 
 hay 
 
 he 
 
 hear (to) 
 
 heavy 
 
 height 
 
 help (to) 
 
 her 
 
 here 
 
 hide 
 
 high 
 
 him 
 
 his 
 
 hit (to) 
 
 hole 
 
 home 
 
 home 
 
 horse 
 
 hot 
 
 house 
 
 how much 
 
 (to) 
 
 (my) 
 (your) 
 
 Don 
 
 au revoir 
 
 lubricant, graisse 
 
 gras 
 
 vert 
 
 meule 
 
 epicerie 
 
 terrain 
 
 croire 
 
 je le crois 
 jambon 
 main 
 diir 
 avoir 
 
 j'ai 
 
 il a 
 
 vous avez 
 
 ils ont 
 foin 
 il 
 
 entendre 
 lourd 
 hauteur 
 aider 
 son 
 ici 
 
 cacher 
 haut 
 lui 
 son 
 
 frapper 
 trou 
 
 chez moi 
 chez vous 
 cheval 
 chaud 
 maison 
 combien 
 
 [39] 
 
hurt (to) 
 
 faire mal 
 
 I 
 
 ice 
 
 immediately 
 
 in 
 
 je 
 
 glace 
 
 tout de suite 
 
 dans 
 
 ink 
 
 encre 
 
 inquire 
 inside 
 
 demander 
 dedans 
 
 instructions 
 
 ordres 
 
 instrument 
 
 instrument 
 
 into 
 
 dans 
 
 it 
 
 il or le or cela 
 
 Italian 
 
 italien 
 
 Italy 
 iron 
 
 Italie 
 fer 
 
 kill (to) 
 kind 
 
 tiier 
 aimable 
 
 you are very kind 
 
 vous etes bien aimable 
 
 knife 
 
 couteau 
 
 knot 
 
 noeud 
 
 ladder 
 
 echelle 
 
 lake 
 
 lac 
 
 lamp 
 
 landmarks (see p. 21) 
 
 lane 
 
 lampe 
 
 points de repere 
 
 sentier 
 
 large 
 last 
 
 grand 
 dernier 
 
 late 
 
 tard 
 
 you are late 
 
 vous etes en retard 
 
 lead (metal) 
 lead (to) 
 leather 
 
 plomb 
 
 conduire 
 
 cuir 
 
 leggins 
 
 length 
 
 letter 
 
 jambieres 
 
 longueur 
 
 lettre 
 
 lie (to tell a) 
 lie (to recline) 
 light 
 
 mentir 
 se coucher 
 lumiere 
 
 
 [40] 
 
light (to) 
 
 allumer 
 
 light (adjective) 
 
 leger 
 
 like (to) 
 
 aimer 
 
 linen 
 
 toile de lin 
 
 listen (to) 
 
 ecouter 
 
 little 
 
 petit 
 
 living 
 
 vivant 
 
 lock 
 
 serrure 
 
 lock (to) 
 
 fermer 
 
 look (to) 
 
 regarder 
 
 loose 
 
 lache 
 
 lose (to) 
 
 perdre 
 
 low 
 
 has 
 
 lung 
 
 poumon 
 
 machine gun (see p. 18) 
 
 mitrailleuse 
 
 magazine (journal) 
 
 revile or magazine 
 
 magazine (of gun) 
 
 magasin 
 
 maid 
 
 la bonne 
 
 man 
 
 un homme 
 
 many- 
 
 beaucoup 
 
 map 
 
 la carte 
 
 mask 
 
 masque 
 
 master 
 
 maitre 
 
 school master 
 
 institiiteur 
 
 magnet 
 
 aimant 
 
 matches 
 
 alliimettes 
 
 mayor 
 
 maire 
 
 me 
 
 moi 
 
 meadow 
 
 prairie 
 
 mechanic 
 
 mecanicien 
 
 medicine 
 
 medecine 
 
 mend (to) 
 
 raccommoder 
 
 mesh (of a sieve) 
 
 maille 
 
 metric system (see p. 6) 
 
 systeme metrique 
 
 mill 
 
 moulin 
 
 mine 
 
 une mine 
 
 mine (pronoun) 
 
 le mien 
 
 mist 
 
 brume 
 
 
 [41] 
 
mixture 
 
 money (see p. 8) 
 
 moon 
 
 mother 
 
 motor (see p. 14) 
 
 mottled 
 
 much 
 
 mud 
 
 mustard 
 
 name 
 
 near 
 
 never 
 
 newspaper 
 
 no 
 
 noise 
 
 noisy 
 
 not 
 
 numbers (see p. 5) 
 
 nurse 
 
 obey (to) 
 
 oil 
 
 castor 
 
 coal 
 
 linseed 
 
 lubricating 
 
 olive 
 old 
 
 once (at) 
 once 
 only 
 
 open (to) 
 open 
 or 
 our 
 out 
 
 outside 
 paint 
 paper 
 
 melange 
 
 de 1' argent 
 
 la lune 
 
 mere 
 
 moteur 
 
 bigarre 
 
 beaucoup 
 
 boue 
 
 moutarde 
 
 nom 
 
 pres 
 
 jamais 
 
 journal 
 
 non 
 
 bruit 
 
 briiyant 
 
 non, or ne . . . pas 
 
 nombres 
 
 infirmiere 
 
 obeir 
 
 hiiile 
 
 htiile de ricin 
 
 petrole or luciline 
 
 hiiile de lin 
 
 lubricant 
 
 hiiile d' olive 
 
 vieux 
 
 tout de suite 
 
 une fois 
 
 seulement 
 
 ouvrir 
 
 ouvert 
 
 ou 
 
 notre, or nos 
 
 hors 
 
 dehors 
 
 peintiire 
 
 papier 
 
 [42] 
 
paper (news) 
 
 path 
 
 pay (to) 
 
 peace 
 
 pen 
 
 pencil 
 
 pepper 
 
 photograph 
 
 photographer 
 
 picture 
 
 pig 
 
 pillow 
 
 pipe 
 
 plaster 
 
 point 
 
 police (military) 
 
 pond 
 
 port 
 
 post-office 
 
 postal card 
 
 postage stamp 
 
 prisoner 
 
 protect (to) 
 
 provisions (see p. 29) 
 
 rain 
 
 razor 
 
 read (to) 
 
 ready 
 
 receipt 
 
 red 
 
 release (to) 
 
 revolution 
 
 ride (horse, wagon) 
 
 rim (of wheel) 
 
 risk (to) 
 
 river 
 
 road 
 
 rocket 
 
 journal 
 
 sentier 
 
 payer 
 
 paix 
 
 pliime 
 
 crayon 
 
 poivre 
 
 photographie 
 
 photographe 
 
 portrait 
 
 cochon 
 
 oreiller 
 
 pipe 
 
 platre 
 
 un point 
 
 gendarmes 
 
 mare 
 
 port 
 
 poste 
 
 carte postale 
 
 timbre de poste 
 
 prisonnier 
 
 proteger 
 
 provisions 
 
 pluie 
 
 rasoir 
 
 lire 
 
 pret 
 
 regti (resti) 
 
 rouge 
 
 lacher 
 
 revolution 
 
 aller a cheval, aller en voiture 
 
 jante 
 
 risquer 
 
 riviere 
 
 route 
 
 fusee 
 
 T43] 
 
roof 
 
 toit 
 
 round 
 
 rond 
 
 roundhouse 
 
 depot 
 
 Roumania 
 
 Roumanie 
 
 Roumanian 
 
 roumain 
 
 safe 
 
 sauve 
 
 salt 
 
 sel 
 
 salute (noun) 
 
 saliit 
 
 same 
 
 meme 
 
 sap (a) 
 
 sape 
 
 say, to 
 
 dire 
 
 scarce 
 
 rare 
 
 scarcely 
 
 a peine 
 
 school master 
 
 instituteur 
 
 scratch 
 
 rayer 
 
 see (to) 
 
 voir 
 
 sentry 
 
 sentinelle 
 
 several 
 
 plusieurs 
 
 sharp 
 
 aiguise 
 
 she 
 
 elle 
 
 sheep 
 
 des moutons 
 
 sheet (iron, etc.) 
 
 tole 
 
 shield 
 
 bouclier 
 
 shoes 
 
 souliers 
 
 shoot (to) 
 
 tirer 
 
 shut 
 
 ferine 
 
 sick 
 
 malade 
 
 side 
 
 cote 
 
 siding (railroad) 
 
 voie de garage 
 
 sieve 
 
 tamis 
 
 signal 
 
 signal 
 
 silk 
 
 soie 
 
 sky 
 
 ciel 
 
 sleep (to) 
 
 dormir 
 
 sleet 
 
 verglas 
 
 slow 
 
 lent 
 
 smoke 
 
 fiimee 
 
 smokestack 
 
 cheminSe 
 
 [44] 
 
soap 
 
 savon 
 
 soon 
 
 bientSt 
 
 soup 
 
 soupe 
 
 speak (to) 
 
 parler 
 
 speed 
 
 Vitesse 
 
 spell (to) 
 
 epeler 
 
 spire 
 
 clocher 
 
 spoke 
 
 rayon 
 
 spoon 
 
 cuiller 
 
 spring 
 
 ressort 
 
 spy 
 
 espion 
 
 squad 
 
 escouade, or peloton 
 
 stamp 
 
 un timbre, or timbre-poste 
 
 star 
 
 etoile 
 
 station (railroad) 
 
 la gare 
 
 steal (to) 
 
 voler 
 
 steel 
 
 acier 
 
 steeple 
 
 clocher 
 
 stiff 
 
 raide 
 
 stone 
 
 pierre 
 
 stop (to) 
 
 arreter 
 
 storm (a) 
 
 une tempete 
 
 storm (to) 
 
 prendre d'assaut 
 
 stove 
 
 fourneau 
 
 string 
 
 ficelle 
 
 sun 
 
 soleil 
 
 surveying (see p. 24) 
 
 topographie 
 
 suspect (to) 
 
 soupconner 
 
 sweet 
 
 doux 
 
 switch 
 
 aiguille 
 
 take (to) 
 
 prendre 
 
 talk (to) 
 
 parler 
 
 tall 
 
 grand 
 
 tank 
 
 reservoir 
 
 tea 
 
 the 
 
 telegraph 
 
 telegraphe 
 
 telephone 
 
 telephone 
 
 tell (to) 
 
 dire 
 
 
 [45] 
 
tender 
 
 tender 
 
 tent 
 
 tente 
 
 test (to) 
 
 verifier 
 
 thanks 
 
 merci 
 
 that 
 
 cela or 9a (sa) 
 
 the 
 
 le, or la, or les 
 
 there 
 
 la 
 
 these 
 
 ceux-ci 
 
 they 
 
 ils, or elles 
 
 thick 
 
 epais 
 
 thin 
 
 mince 
 
 think (to) 
 
 penser 
 
 this 
 
 ceci 
 
 those 
 
 ceux-la 
 
 thread 
 
 fil 
 
 through 
 
 a travers 
 
 throw (to) 
 
 jeter 
 
 tie (railroad) 
 
 traverse 
 
 tight 
 
 serre 
 
 tighten (to) 
 
 serrer 
 
 time (of day) (see p. 9) 
 
 l'heure 
 
 time (each) 
 
 chaque fois 
 
 to 
 
 a 
 
 tire 
 
 pneu 
 
 tired 
 
 fatigue 
 
 tobacco 
 
 tabac 
 
 together 
 
 ensemble 
 
 too (also) 
 
 aussi 
 
 tools (see p. 19) 
 
 outils 
 
 too little 
 
 trop peu, pas assez 
 
 too many 
 
 trop 
 
 too much 
 
 trop 
 
 towards 
 
 vers 
 
 tow-boat 
 
 remorqueur 
 
 towel 
 
 serviette 
 
 town 
 
 petite ville 
 
 town hall 
 
 mairie 
 
 trail 
 
 piste 
 
 
 [46] 
 
train 
 
 train 
 
 tree 
 
 arbre 
 
 trench 
 
 tranchee 
 
 trousers 
 
 pantalon 
 
 truck 
 
 camion 
 
 true 
 
 vrai 
 
 tunnel 
 
 tunnel 
 
 under 
 
 sous 
 
 understand (to) 
 
 comprendre 
 
 United States 
 
 Etats-Unis 
 
 until 
 
 jusqu'a 
 
 up 
 
 en haut 
 
 upon 
 
 stir 
 
 upstairs 
 
 en haut 
 
 us 
 
 nous 
 
 varnish 
 
 vernis 
 
 viaduct 
 
 viaduct 
 
 valley 
 
 vallee 
 
 village 
 
 village 
 
 vineyard 
 
 vigne 
 
 vegetables 
 
 legumes 
 
 very 
 
 tres 
 
 wagon 
 
 voiture, or fourgon 
 
 wait (to) 
 
 attendre 
 
 wait a moment 
 
 attendez un peu 
 
 I shall wait for you 
 
 je vous attendrai 
 
 wake (to) 
 
 reveiller 
 
 walk (to) 
 
 marcher 
 
 warm 
 
 chaud 
 
 warn (to) 
 
 avertir 
 
 was (I) 
 
 j'etais 
 
 he was 
 
 il etait 
 
 we were 
 
 nous etions 
 
 you were 
 
 vous etiez 
 
 they were 
 
 ils etaient 
 
 wash (to) 
 
 laver 
 
 watch (a time-piece) 
 
 montre 
 
 watch (to) 
 
 surveiller 
 
 [47] 
 
water 
 
 waterproof 
 
 we 
 
 weak 
 
 weather 
 
 well (a) 
 
 well (adverb) 
 
 went (I) (see also go) 
 
 wet 
 
 wheat 
 
 wheel 
 
 when 
 
 where 
 
 which 
 
 white 
 
 whole 
 
 who 
 
 width 
 
 wife 
 
 I will (wish, want) 
 
 I will he 
 
 I will go 
 window 
 wine 
 wire 
 wireless 
 without 
 wood (a) 
 wood (some) 
 wounded (see p. 30) 
 write, to 
 wrong 
 yes 
 
 yellow 
 you 
 your 
 
 eau 
 
 impermeable 
 
 nous 
 
 faible 
 
 temps 
 
 puits 
 
 bien 
 
 je suis alle 
 
 mouille 
 
 ble 
 
 roue 
 
 quand 
 
 ou (oo) 
 
 lacLuelle 
 
 blanc 
 
 tout entier 
 
 qui 
 
 largeur 
 
 femme 
 
 je veux 
 
 je serai 
 
 j 'irai 
 fenetre 
 vin 
 fil 
 
 sans fil 
 sans 
 un bois 
 du bois 
 blesse 
 ecrire 
 faux 
 
 oui (like we) 
 jaune 
 vous 
 votre, or vos 
 
 [48] 
 
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 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY