UC-NRLF J K DOCUMENTS DIPT. r r> EXCHANGE MAR 13 1913 Uegtelattoe Reference bureau. JAMES N. MOORE, Director Constitution of i Pennsylvania ANALYTICALLY INDEXED AND WITH INDEX OF PROHIBITED LEGISLATION JAMES McKIRDY, Assistant Director HARRISBURG: C. E. AUGHINBAUGH. PRINTER TO THE STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA 1912. ww^u* Hegtglatifae deference bureau. JAMES N. MOORE, Director Constitution of Pemtfptomtia ANALYTICALLY INDEXED AND WITH INDEX OF PROHIBITED LEGISLATION BY JAMES McKIRDY, Assistant Director HARRISBURG: C. E. AUGHINBAUGH. PRINTER TO THE STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA 1912. ^vr« PREFACE. The present Constitution of Pennsylvania was adopted De- cember 16, 1873, by the electors of this State, and went into effect January 1, 1874. It has been amended three times: November 5, 1901, November 2, 1909 and November 7, 1911. These amendments have been noted in their appropriate places. This edition has been prepared because of the fact that there is not accessible in separate form an indexed edition of our State Constitution. In addition to the index there has been added an analytical index of subjects upon which legislation is expressly prohibited by the Constitution of our State. It is intended as an aid to those who may be called upon to draft legislative bills, and to those whose duty it may be to pass upon the validity of any of our Acts of Assembly. We shall be grateful if our attention is called to any errors in this pamphlet. JAMES McKIRDY, Assistant Director, Legislative Reference Bureau. April 1, 1912. 3 258198 ± CONSTITUTION COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA Preamble. We, the people of the Commonwealth of Penn- sylvania, grateful to Almighty God for the blessings of civil and religions liberty, and humbly invoking His guidance, do ordain and establish this Constitution. ARTICLE I. DECLARATION OF RIGHTS. Liberty and Free Government. That the general, great and essential principles of liberty and free government may be recognized and unalterably established, we declare that — Sec. 1. Natural Rights of Mankind. All men are born equally free and independent, and have certain inherent and in- defeasible rights, among which are those of enjoying and de- fending life and liberty, of acquiring, possessing and protecting property and reputation, and of pursuing their own happiness. Sec. 2. Power of People. All power is inherent in the peo- ple, and all free governments are founded on their authority and instituted for their peace, safety and happiness. For the advancement of these ends they have at all times an inalienable and indefeasible right to alter, reform or abolish their govern- ment in such manner as they may think proper. Sec. 3. Rights of Conscience. Freedom of Religious Wor- ship. All men have a natural and indefeasible right to worship Almighty God according to the dictates of their own con- sciences ; no man can of right be compelled to attend, erect or support any place of worship, or to maintain any ministry against his consent ; no human authority can, in any case what- ever, control or interfere with the rights of conscience and no preference shall ever be given by law to any religious establish- ments or modes of worship. ARTICLE I.— Sec. 4-9. Sec. 4. No Disqualification for Religious Belief. No person who acknowledges the being- of a God, and a future state of re- wards and punishments shall, on account of his religious sen- timents, be disqualified to hold any office or place of trust or profit under this Commonwealth. Sec. 5. Freedom of Elections. Elections shall be free and equal ; and no power, civil or military, shall at any time inter- fere to prevent the free exercise of the right of suffrage. Sec. 6. Trial by Jury. Trial by jury shall be as heretofore, and the right thereof remain inviolate. Sec. 7. Freedom of the Press. Libel. The printing press shall be free to every person who may undertake to examine the proceedings of the Legislature or any branch of govern- ment, and no law shall ever be made to restrain the right thereof. The free communication of thoughts and opinions is one of the invaluable rights of man, and every citizen may freely speak, write and print on any subject, being responsible for the abuse of that liberty. No conviction shall be had in any prosecution for the publication of papers relating to the official conduct of officers or men in public capacity, or to any other matter proper for public investigation or information, where the fact that such publication was not maliciously or negligently made shall be established to the satisfaction of the jury; and in all indictments for libels the jury shall have the right to determine the law and the facts, under the direction of the court, as in other cases. Sec. 8. Searches and Seizures. The people shall be secure in their persons, houses, papers and possessions from uniea- sonable searches and seizures, and no warrant to search any place or to seize any person or things shall issue without de- scribing them as nearly as may be, nor without probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation subscribed to by the affiant. Sec. 9. Rights of Accused in Criminal Prosecutions. In all criminal prosecutions the accused hath a right to be heard by himself and his counsel, to demand the nature and cause of the accusation against him, to meet the witnesses face to face, to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and, in prosecutions by indictment or information, a ARTICLE I.— Sec. 10-16. speedy public trial by an impartial jury of the vicinage; he cannot be compelled to give evidence against himself, nor can he be deprived of his life, liberty or property, unless by the judgment of his peers or the law of the land. Sec. 10. Criminal Information. Twice in Jeopardy. Emi- nent Domain. No person shall, for any indictable offense, be proceeded against criminally by information, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia, when in actual service, in time of war or public danger, or by leave of the court for oppression or misdemeanor in office. No person shall, for the same offense, be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb ; nor shall private property be taken or applied to public use, without authority of law and without just compensation being first made or secured. Sec. 11. Courts to be Open. Suits against Common- wealth. All courts shall be open ; and every man for an in- jury done him in his lands, goods, persons or reputation shall have remedy by due course of law, and right and justice ad- ministered without sale, denial or delay. Suits may be brought against the Commonwealth in such manner, in such courts and in such cases as the Legislature may by law direct. Sec. 12. Power of Suspending Laws. No power of sus- pending laws shall be exercised unless by the Legislature or by its authority. Sec. 13. Bail. Fines. Punishments. Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel punish- ments inflicted. Sec. 14. Prisoners to be Bailable. Habeas Corpus. All prisoners shall be bailable by sufficient sureties, unless for capital offenses when the proof is evident or presumption great ; and the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in case of rebellion or invasion the public safety may require it. Sec. 15. Oyer and Terminer. No commission of oyer and terminer or jail delivery shall be issued. Sec. 16. Insolvent Debtors. The person of a debtor, where there is not strong presumption of fraud, shall not be contin- ARTICLE I.— Sec. 17-25. ued in prison after delivering up his estate for the benefit of his creditors in such manner as shall be prescribed by law. Sec. 17. Ex Post Facto Laws. Impairment of Contracts. No ex post facto law, nor any law impairing the obligation of contracts, or making irrevocable any grant of special privi- leges or immunities, shall be passed. Sec. 18. Attainder. No person shall be attainted of trea- son or felony by the Legislature. Sec. 19. Attainder Limited. Estates o'f Suicides. De- odands. No attainder shall work corruption of blood, nor, ex- cept during the life of the offender, forfeiture of estate to the Commonwealth. The estate of such persons as shall destroy their own lives shall descend or vest as in cases of natural death, and if any person shall be killed by casualty there shall be no forfeiture by reason thereof. Sec. 20. Right of Petition. The citizens have a right in a peaceable manner to assemble together for their common good, and to apply to those invested with the powers of government for redress of grievances Or other proper purposes, by petition, address or remonstrance. Sec. 21. Right to Bear Arms. The right of the citizens to bear arms in defense of themselves and the State shall not be questioned. Sec. 22. Standing Army. Military Power Subordinate to Civil. No standing army shall, in time of peace, be kept up without the consent of the Legislature, and the military shall in all cases and at all times be in strict subordination to the civil power. Sec. 23. Quartering of Troops. No soldier shall in time of peace be quartered in any house without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war but in a manner to be prescribed by law. Sec. 24. Titles. Offices. The Legislature shall not grant any title of nobility or hereditary distinction, nor create any office the appointment to which shall be for a longer term than during good behavior. Sec. 25. Emigration. Emigration from the State shall not be prohibited. 8 ARTICLE I.— Sac. 26 ARTICLE II.— Sec. 1-5. Sec. 26. Reservation of Powers in People. To guard against transgressions of the high powers which we have dele- gated, we declare that everything in this article is excepted out of the general powers of government and shall forever re- main inviolate. ARTICLE II. THE LEGISLATURE. Sec. 1. Legislative Power. The legislative power of this Commonwealth shall be vested in a General Assembly which shall consist of a Senate and a House of Representatives. Sec. 2. Election of Members. Vacancies. Members of the General Assembly shall be chosen at the general election every second year. Their term of service shall begin on the first day of December next after their election. Whenever a vacancy shall occur in either House, the presiding officer thereof shall issue a writ of election to fill such vacancy for the remainder of the term. Sec. 3. Terms of Members. Senators shall be elected for the term of four years and Representatives for the term of two years. Sec. 4. Sessions. United States Senators. The General Assembly shall meet at twelve o'clock, noon, on the first Tues- day of January every second year, and at other times when convened by the Governor, but shall hold no adjourned annual session after the year one thousand eight hundred and seventy- eight. In case of a vacancy in the office of United States Sena- tor from this Commonwealth, in a recess between sessions, the Governor shall convene the two Houses, by proclamation on notice not exceeding sixty days, to fill the same. Sec. 5. Qualifications of Members. Senators shall be at least twenty-five years of age and Representatives twenty-one years of .age. They shall have been citizens and inhabitants of the State four years, and inhabitants of their respective districts one year next before their election (unless absent on the public business of the United States or of this State), and shall reside in their respective districts during their terms of service. 9 ARTICLE II.— Sec. 6-11. Sec. 6. Disqualification to Hold Other Office. No Senator or Representative shall, during the time for which he shall have been elected, be appointed to any civil office under this Commonwealth, and no member of Congress, or other person, holding any office (except of attorney-at-law or in the militia) under the United States, or this Commonwealth, shall be a member of either House during his continuance in office. Sec. 7. Certain Crimes to Disqualify. No person hereafter convicted of embezzlement of public, moneys, bribery, perjury or other infamous crime, shall be eligible to the General As- sembly, or capable of holding any office of trust or profit in this Commonwealth. Sec. 8. Compensation. The members of the General As- sembly shall receive such salary and mileage for regular and special sessions as shall be fixed by law, and no other compen- sation whatever, whether for service upon committee or other- wise. No member of either House shall during the term for which he may have been elected, receive any increase of sal- ary, or mileage, under any law passed during such term. Sec. 9. Presiding Officers. Other Officers. Election and Qualifications of Members. The Senate shall at the beginning and close of each regular session and at such other times as may be necessary, elect one of its members President pro tempore, who shall perform the duties of the Lieutenant Gov- ernor, in any case of absence or disability of that officer, and whenever the said office of Lieutenant Governor shall be va- cant. The House of Representatives shall elect one of its members as Speaker. Each House shall choose its other officers, and shall judge of the election and qualifications of its members. Sec. 10. Quorum. A majority of each House shall consti- tute a quorum, but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day and compel the attendance of absent members. Sec. 11. Powers of Each Branch. Expulsion. Each House shall have power to determine the rules of its proceedings and punish its members or other persons for contempt or disor- derly behavior in its presence, to enforce obedience to its pro- cess, to protect its members against violence or offers of 10 ARTICLE II.— Sec. 12-16. bribes or private solicitation, and, with the concurrence of two-thirds, to expel a member, but not a second time for the same cause, and shall have all other powers necessary for the Legislature of a free State. A member expelled for corrup- tion shall not thereafter be eligible to either House, and pun- ishment for contempt or disorderly behavior shall not bar an indictment for the same offense. Sec. 12. Journals. Yeas and Nays. Each House shall keep a journal of its proceedings and from time to time pub- lish the same, except such parts as require secrecy, and the yeas and nays of the members on any question shall, at the de- sire of any two of them, be entered on the journal. Sec. 13. Sessions. The sessions of each House and of com- mittees of the whole shall be open, unless when the business is such as ought to be kept secret. Section 14. Adjournment. Neither House shall, without the consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other place than that in which the two Houses shall be sitting. ! Sec. 15. Privileges of Members. The members of the Gen- eral Assembly shall in all cases, except treason, felony, viola- tion of their oath of office; and breach or surety of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their attendance at the sessions of their respective Houses and in going to and returning from the same ; and for any speech or debate in either House they shall not be questioned in any other place. Sec. 16. Senatorial Districts. Ratio. The State shall be divided into fifty senatorial districts of compact and contigu- ous territory as nearly equal in population as may be, and each district shall be entitled to elect one Senator. Each county containing one or more ratios of population shall be entitled to one Senator for each ratio, and to an additional Sen- ator for a surplus of population exceeding three-fifths of a ratio, but no county shall form a separate district unless it shall contain four-fifths of a ratio, except where the adjoining counties are each entitled to one or more Senators, when such county may be assigned a Senator on less than four-fifths and exceeding one-half of a ratio; and no county shall be divided 11 ARTICLE II.— Sec. 17-18. ARTICLE III.— Sec. 1-2. unless entitled to two or more Senators. No city or county shall be entitled to separate representation exceeding one- sixth of the whole number of Senators. No ward, borough or township shall be divided in the formation of a district. The senatorial ratio shall be ascertained by dividing the whole population of the State by the number fifty. Sec. .17. Representative Districts. The members of the House of Representatives shall be apportioned among the sev- eral counties, on a ratio obtained by dividing the population of the State as ascertained by the most recent United States census by two hundred. Every county containing less than five ratios shall have one representative for every full ratio, and an additional representative when the surplus exceeds half a ratio; but each county shall have at least one representative. Every county containing five ratios or more shall have one representative for every full ratio. Every city containing a population equal to a ratio shall elect separately its proportion of the representatives allotted to the county in which it is lo- cated. Every city entitled to more than four representatives, and every county having over one hundred thousand in- habitants shall be divided into districts of compact and con- tiguous territory, each district to elect its proportion of rep- resentatives, according to its population, but no district shall elect more than four representatives. Sec. 18. Legislative Apportionment. The General Assem- bly at its first session after the adoption of this Constitution, and immediately after each United States decennial census, shall apportion the State into senatorial and representative dis- tricts agreeeably to the provisions of the two next preceding sections. ARTICLE III. LEGISLATION. Sec. 1. Passage of Bills. Change of Purpose. No law shall be passed except by bill, and no bill shall be so altered or amended, on its passage through either House, as to change its original purpose. Sec. 2. Reference to Committee. Printing. No bill shall 12 ARTICLE III.— Sec. 3-7. be considered unless referred to a committee, returned there- from, and printed for the use of the members. Sec. 3. Subject of Bills. Title. No bill, except general appropriation bills, shall be passed containing more than one subject, which shall be clearly expressed in its title. Sec. 4. Three Readings. Amendments. Final Vote. Every bill shall be read at length on three different days in each House; all amendments made thereto shall be printed for the use of the members before the final vote is taken on the bill, and no bill shall become a law, unless on its final passage the vote be taken by yeas and nays, the names of the persons vot- ing for and against the same be entered on the journal, and a majority of the members elected to each House be recorded thereon as voting in its favor. Sec. 5. Concurring in Amendments. Conference Commit- tee Reports. No amendment to bills by one House shall be concurred in by the other, except by the vote of a majority of the members elected thereto, taken by yeas and nays, and the names of those voting for and against recorded upon the jour- nal thereof; and reports of committees of conference shall be adopted in either House only by the vote of a majority of the members elected thereto, taken by yeas and nays, and the names of those voting recorded upon the journals. Sec. 6. Revival and Amendment of Laws. No law shall be revived, amended, or the provisions thereof extended or conferred, by reference to its title only, but so much thereof as is revived, amended, extended or conferred shall be re-en- acted and published at length. vSec. 7. Special and Local Legislation Limited. The Gen- eral Assembly shall not pass any local or special law : Authorizing the creation, extension or impairing of liens : Regulating the affairs of counties, cities, townships, wards, boroughs or school districts : Changing the names of persons or places : Changing the venue in civil or criminal cases : Authorizing the laying out, opening, altering or maintain- ing, roads, highways, streets or alleys : Relating to ferries or bridges, or incorporating ferry or 13 ARTICLE III.— Sec. 7 (ContJ bridge companies, except for the erection of bridges crossing streams which form boundaries between this and any other State : Vacating roads, town plats, streets or alleys : Relating to cemeteries, giaveyards or public grounds not of the State: Authorizing the adoption or legitimation of children : Locating or changing county seats, erecting new counties or changing county lines : Incorporating cities, towns or villages, or changing their charters : For the opening and conducting of elections, or fixing or changing the place of voting: Granting divorces : Erecting new townships or boroughs, changing township lines, borough limits or school districts : Creating offices, or prescribing the powers and duties of of- ficers in counties, cities, boroughs, townships, election or school districts ! Changing the law of descent or succession : Regulating the practice or jurisdiction of, or changing the rules of evidence in, any judicial proceeding or inquiry before courts, aldermen, justices of the peace, sheriffs, commission- ers, arbitrators, auditors, masters in chancery or other tribu- nals, or providing or changing methods for the collection of debts, or the enforcing of judgments, or prescribing the effect of judicial sales of real estate : Regulating the fees or extending the powers and duties of aldermen, justices of the peace, magistrates or constables: Regulating the management of public schools, the building or repairing of school houses, and the raising of money for such purposes : Fixing the rate of interest : Affecting the estates of minors or persons under disability, except after due notice to all parties in interest, to be recited in the special enactment : Remitting fines, penalties and forfeitures, or refunding moneys legally paid into the treasury: 14 ARTICLE III.— Sec. 8-li. Exempting property from taxation : Regulating labor, trade, mining or manufacturing : Creating corporations, or amending, renewing or extending the charters thereof: Granting to any corporation, association or individual any special or exclusive privilege or immunity, or to any corpora- tion, association or individual the right to lay down a railroad track : Nor shall the General Assembly indirectly enact such special or local law by the partial repeal of a general law ; but laws re- pealing local or special acts may be passed : Nor shall any law be passed granting powers or privileges in any case where the granting of such powers and privileges shall have been provided for by general law, nor where the courts have jurisdiction to grant the same or give the relief asked for. Sec. 8. Notice of Local and Special Bills. No local or spe- cial bill shall be passed unless notice of the intention to apply therefor shall have been published in the locality where the matter or the thing to be affected may be situated, which no- tice shall be at least thirty days prior to the introduction into the General Assembly of such bill and in the manner to be provided by law ; the evidence of such notice having been pub- lished shall be exhibited in the General Assembly before such act shall be passed. Sec. 9. Signing of Bills by Presiding Officers. The presid- ing officer of each House shall, in the presence of the House over which- he presides, sign all bills and joint resolutions passed by the General Assembly, after their titles have been publicly read immediately before signing; and the fact of sign- ing snail be entered on the journal. Sec. 10. Officers and Employes. Payments. The General Assembly shall prescribe by law the number, duties and com- pensation of the officers and employes of each House, and no payment shall be made from the State Treasury, or be in any way authorized, to any person, except to an acting officer or employe elected or appointed in pursuance of law. Sec. 11. Extra Compensation Prohibited. Claims Against 15 ARTICLE III.— Sec. 12-17. the State. No bill shall be passed giving any extra compensa- tion to any public officer, servant, employe, agent or con- tractor, after services shall have been rendered or contract made, nor providing for the payment of any claim against the Commonwealth without previous authority of law. Sec. 12. Public Printing and Supplies. All stationery, printing paper and fuel used in the legislative and other de- partments of government shall be furnished, and the printing, binding and distributing of the laws, journals, department re- ports, and all other printing and binding, and the repairing and furnishing the halls and rooms used for the meetings of the General Assembly and its committees, shall be performed under contract to be given to the lowest responsible bidder below such maximum price and under such regulations as shall be prescribed by law ; no member or officer of any department of the government shall be in any way interested in such con- tracts, and all such contracts shall be subject to the approval of the Governor, Auditor General and State Treasurer. Sec. 13. Extension of Terms and Increase or Diminishment of Compensation Prohibited. No law shall extend the term of any public officer, or increase or diminish his salary or emolu- ments, after his election or appointment. Sec. 14. Revenue Bills. All bids for raising revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives, but the Senate may propose amendments as in other bills. Sec. 15. Appropriation Bills. The general appropriation bill shall embrace nothing but appropriations for the ordinary expenses of the executive, legislative and judicial depart- ments of the Commonwealth, interest on the public debt and for public schools ; all other appropriations shall be made by separate bills, each embracing but one subject. Sec. 16. Paying out Public Moneys. No money shall be paid out of the treasury, except upon appropriations made by law, and on warrant drawn by the proper officer in pursuance thereof. Sec. 17. Appropriations to Charitable and Educational In- stitutions. No appropriation shall be made to any charitable 16 ARTICLE III.— Sec. 18-22. or educational institution not under the absolute control of the Commonwealth, other than normal schools established by law for the professional training- of teachers for the pub- lic schools of the State, except by a vote of two-thirds of all the members elected to each House. No. 18. Certain Appropriations Forbidden. No appro- priations, except for pensions or gratuities for military ser- vices, shall be made for charitable, educational or benevolent purposes, to any person or community, nor to any denomina- tional or sectarian institution, corporation or association. Sec. 19. Appropriations for Support of Widows and Or- phans of Soldiers. The General Assembly may make appro- priations of money to institutions wherein the widows of sol- diers are supported or assisted, or the orphans of soldiers are maintained and educated ; but such appropriation shall be ap- plied exclusively to the support of such widows and orphans. Sec. 20. Special Municipal Commissions Prohibited. The General Assembly shall not delegate to any special commis- sion, private corporation or association, any power to make, supervise or interfere with any municipal improvement, money, property or effects, whether held in trust or otherwise, or to levy taxes or perform any municipal function whatever. Sec. 21. Damages for Injuries to Person or Property. No act of the General Assembly shall limit the amount to be re- covered for injuries resulting in death, or for injuries to per- sons or property; and, in case of death from such injuries, the right of action shall survive, and the General Assembly shall prescribe for whose benefit such actions shall be prosecuted. No act shall prescribe any limitations of time within which suits may be brought against corporations for injuries to per- sons or property, or for other causes different from those fixed by general laws regulating actions against natural persons, and such acts now existing are avoided. Sec. 22. Investment of Trust Funds. No act of the Gen- eral Assembly shall authorize the investment of trust funds by executors, administrators, guardians or other trustees, in the bonds or stock of any private corporation, and such acts now existing are avoided, saving investments heretofore made. 17 ARTICLE III.— Sec. 23-29. Sec. 23. Change of Venue. The power to change the venue in civil and criminal cases shall be vested in the courts, to be exercised in such manner as shall be provided by law. Sec. 24. Corporate Obligations Owned by State. No ob- ligation or liability of any railroad or other corporation, held or owned by the Commonwealth, shall ever be exchanged, transferred, remitted postponed or in any way diminished by the General Assembly, nor shall such liability or obligation be released, except by payment thereof into the State Treasury. Sec. 25. Legislation During Special Session. When the General Assembly shall be convened in special session, there shall be no legislation upon subjects other than those desig- nated in the proclamation of the Governor calling such session. Sec. 26. Concurrent Resolutions, &c, to be Presented to Executive. Every order, resolution or vote, to which the con- currence of both Houses may be necessary, except on the ques- tion of adjournment, shall be presented to the Governor, and before it shall take effect be approved by him, or being disap- proved, shall be repassed by two-thirds of both Houses, ac- cording to the rules and limitations prescribed in case of a bill. Sec. 27. State Inspection of Merchandise Prohibited. No State office shall be continued or created for the inspection or measuring of any merchandise, manufacture or commodity, but any county or municipality may appoint such officers when authorized by law. Sec. 28. Change of Location of State Capital. No law ohanging the location of the capital of the State shall be valid until the same shall have been submitted to the qualified electors of the Commonwealth at a general election, and rati- fied and approved by them. Sec. 29. Bribery of Members of Legislature. A member of the General Assembly who shall solicit, demand or receive, or consent to receive, directly or indirectly, for himself or for another, from any company, corporation or person, any money, office, appointment, employment, testimonial, reward, thing of value or enjoyment, or of personal advantage, or promise thereof, for his vote or official influence, or for with- holding the same, or with an understanding, expressed or im- 18 ARTICLE III— Sec. 30-32. plied, that his vote or official action shall be in any way in- fluenced thereby, or who shall solicit or demand any such money or other advantage, matter or thing- aforesaid for another, as the consideration of his vote or official influence, or for withholding the same, or shall give or withhold his vote or influence in consideration of the payment or promise of such money, advantage, matter or thing, to another, shall be held guilty of bribery within the meaning of this Constitu- tion, and shall incur the disabilities provided thereby for said offense, and such additional punishment as is or shall be pro- vided by law. Sec. 30. Giving of Bribes. Any person who shall, directly or indirectly, offer, give or promise, any money, or thing of value, testimonial, privilege, or personal advantage, to any executive or judicial officer, or member of the General Assem- bly, to influence him in the performance of any of his public or official duties, shall be guilty of bribery, and be punished in such manner as shall be. provided by law. Sec. 31. Corrupt Solicitation. The offense of corrupt solic- itation of members of the General Assembly or of public offi- cers of the State or of any municipal division thereof, and any occupation or practice of solicitation of such members or of- ficers to influence their official action, shall be defined by law, and shall be punished by fine and imprisonment. Sec. 32. Investigation of Bribery or Corrupt Solicitation. Compulsory Testimony. Disqualification as Punishment. Any person may be compelled to testify in any lawful investi- gation or judicial proceeding against any person who may be charged with having committed the offense of bribery or cor- rupt solicitation, or practices of solicitation, and shall not be permitted to withhold his testimony upon the ground that it may criminate himself or subject him to public infamy; but such testimony shall not afterwards be used against him in any judicial proceeding, except for perjury in giving such testi- mony, and any person convicted of either of the offenses afore- said shall, as part of the punishment therefor, be disqualified from holding any office or position of honor, trust or profit in this Commonwealth. 19 ARTICLE III.— Sec. 33. ARTICLE IV.— Sec. 1-4. Sec. 33. Member Interested in Bill not to Vote. A mem- ber who has a personal or private interest in any measure or bill proposed or pending before the General Assembly shall disclose the fact to the House of which he is a member, and shall not vote thereon. ARTICLE IV. THE EXECUTIVE. Sec. 1. Executive Department. The Executive Depart- ment of this Commonwealth shall consist of a Governor, Lieu- tenant Governor, Secretary of the Commonwealth, Attorney General, Auditor General, State Treasurer, Secretary of In- ternal Affairs and a Superintendent of Public Instruction. Sec. 2. Governor. Election. Returns. Contested Election. The supreme executive power shall be vested in the Governor, who shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed; he shall be chosen on the day of the general election, by the quali- fied electors of the Commonwealth, at the places where they shall vote for Representatives. The returns of every election for Governor shall be sealed up and transmitted to the seat of government, directed to the President of the Senate, who shall open and publish them in the presence of the members of both Houses of the General Assembly. The person having the highest number of votes shall be Governor, but if two or more be equal and highest in votes, one of them shall be chosen Governor by the joint vote of the members of both Houses. Contested elections shall be determined by a committee, to be selected from both Houses of the General Assembly, and formed and regulated in such manner as shall be directed by law. Sec. 3. Governor's Term. The Governor shall hold his office during four years from the third Tuesday of January next ensuing his election, and shall not be eligible to the office for the next succeeding term. Sec. 4. Lieutenant Governor. A Lieutenant Governor shall be chosen at the same time, in the same manner, for the same term, and subject to the same provisions as the Gover- 20 ARTICLE IV.— Sec. 5-8. nor; he shall be President of the Senate, but shall have no vote unless they be equally divided. Sec. 5. Qualifications of Governor and Lieutenant Gover- nor. No person shall be eligible to the office of Governor or Lieutenant Governor except a citizen of the United States, who shall have attained the age of thirty years, and have been seven years next preceding his election an inhabitant of the State, unless he shall have been absent on the public business of the United States or of this State. Sec. 6. Disqualifications. No member of Congress or per- son holding any office under the United States or this State shall exercise the office of Governor or Lieutenant Governor. Sec. 7. Military Commander. The Governor shall be com- mander-in-chief of the army and navy of the Commonwealth, and of the militia, except when they shall be called into the actual service of the United States. Sec. 8. Appointing Power of Governor. Vacancies. Con- firmation by Senate. He shall nominate and, by and with the advice and consent of two-thirds of all the members of the Sen- ate, appoint a Secretary of the Commonwealth and an Attorney General during pleasure, a Superintendent of Public Instruction for four years, and such other officers of the Commonwealth as he is or may be authorized by the Constitution or by law to ap- point; he shall have power to fill all vacancies that may hap- pen, in offices to which he may appoint, during the recess of the Senate, by granting commissions which shall expire at the end of their next session ; he shall have power to fill any va- cancy that may happen, during the recess of the Senate, in the office of Auditor General, State Treasurer, Secretary of Inter- nal Affairs or Superintendent of Public Instruction, in a judi- cial office, or in any other elective office which he is or may be authorized to fill ; if the vacancy shall happen during the ses- sion of the Senate, the Governor shall nominate to the Senate, before their final adjournment, a proper person to fill said va- cancy ; but in any such case of vacancy, in an elective office, a person shall be chosen to said office on the next election day appropriate to such office according to the provisions of this Constitution, unless the vacancy shall happen within two cal- 21 ARTICLE IV.— Sec. 9-13. endar months immediately preceding such election day, in which case the election for said office shall be held on the second succeeding election day appropriate to such office. In acting on executive nominations the Senate shall sit with open doors, and, in confirming or rejecting the nominations of the Governor, the vote shall be taken by yeas and nays and shall be entered on the journal. (Amendment of November 2, 1909). Sec. 9. Pardoning Power. He shall have power to remit fines and forfeitures, to grant reprieves, commutations of sen- tence and pardons, except in cases of impeachment ; but no pardon shall be granted, nor sentence commuted, except upon the recommendation in writing of the Lieutenant Governor, Secretary of the Commonwealth, Attorney General and Secre- tary of Internal Affairs, or any three of them, after full hear- ing, upon due public notice and in open session, and such rec- ommendation, with the reasons therefor at length, shall be recorded and filed in the office of the Secretary of the Com- monwealth. Sec. 10. Information from Department Officials. He may require information in Avriting from the officers of the Execu- tive Department, upon any subject relating to the duties of their respective offices. Sec. 11. Messages to Legislature. He shall, from time to time, give to the General Assembly information of the state of the Commonwealth, and recommend to their consideration such measures as he may judge expedient. Sec. 12. Special Sessions of Legislature. Adjournments. Special Sessions of Senate. He may, on extraordinary occa- sions, convene the General Assembly, and in case of disagree- ment between the two Houses with respect to the time of ad- journment, adjourn them to such time as he shall think pro- per, not exceeding four months. He shall have power to con- vene the Senate in extraordinary session by proclamation for the transaction of executive business. Sec. 13. When Lieutenant Governor Shall Act. In case of the death, conviction on impeachment, failure to qualify, resig- nation, or other disability of the Governor, the powers, duties 22 ARTICLE IV.— Sec. 14-16. and emoluments of the office, for the remainder of the term, or until the disability be removed, shall devolve upon the Lieu- tenant Governor. Sec. 14. Vacancy in Office of Lieutenant Governor. In case of a vacancy in the office of Lieutenant Governor, or when the Lieutenant Governor shall be impeached by the House of Representatives, or shall be unable to exercise the duties of his office, the powers, duties and emoluments thereof for the remainder of the term, or until the disability be removed, shall devolve upon the President pro tempore of the Senate; and the President pro tempore of the Senate shall in like manner be- come Governor if a vacancy or disability shall occur in the office of Governor; his seat as Senator shall become vacant whenever he shall become Governor, and shall be filled by elec- tion as any other vacancy in the Senate. Sec. 15. Approval of Bills. Veto. Every bill which shall have passed both Houses shall be presented to the Governor ; if he approve he shall sign it, but if he shall not approve he shall return it with his objections to the House in which it shall have originated, which House shall enter the objections at large upon their journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If, after such reconsideration, two-thirds of all the members elected to that House shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent with the objections to the other House by which like- wise it shall be reconsidered, and if approved by two-thirds of all the members elected to that House it shall be a law; but in such cases the votes of both Houses shall be determined by yeas and nays, and the names of the members voting for and against the bill shall be entered on the journals of each House, respectively. If any bill shall not be returned by the Gover- nor within ten days after it shall have been presented to him, the same shall be a law in like manner as if he had signed it, unless the General Assembly, by their adjournment, prevent its return, in which case it shall be a law, unless he shall file the same with his objections, in the office of the Secretary of the Commonwealth, and give notice thereof by public procla- mation within thirty days after such adjournment. Sec. 16. Partial Disapproval of Appropriation Bills. The 23 ARTICLE IV.— Sec. 17-21. Governor shall have power to disapprove of any item or items of any bill, making appropriations of money, embracing dis- tinct items, and the part or parts of the bill approved shall be the law, and the item or items of appropriation disapproved shall be void, unless repassed according to the rules and limi- tations prescribed for the passage of other bills over the Exe- cutive veto. Sec. 17. Contested Election of Governor or Lieutenant Governor. Holding Over. The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court shall preside upon trial of any contested election of Gov- ernor or Lieutenant Governor and shall decide questions re- garding the admissibility of evidence, and shall, upon request of the committee, pronounce his opinion upon other questions of law involved in the trial. The Governor and Lieutenant Governor shall exercise the duties of their respective offices until their successors shall be duly qualified. Sec. 18. Secretary of the Commonwealth. The Secretary of the Commonwealth shall keep a record of all official acts and proceedings of the Governor, and when required lay the same, with all papers, minutes and vouchers relating thereto, before either branch of the General Assembly, and perform such other duties as may be enjoined upon him by law. Sec. 19. Secretary of Internal Affairs. The Secretary of Internal Affairs shall exercise all the powers and perform all the duties of the Surveyor General, subject to such changes as shall be made by law. His department shall embrace a bu- reau of industrial statistics, and he shall discharge such duties relating to corporations, to the charitable institutions, the agricultural, manufacturing, mining, mineral, timber and other material or business interests of the State as may be prescribed by law. He shall annually, and at such other times as may be required by law, make report to the General Assembly. Sec. 20. Superintendent of Public Instruction. The Su- perintendent of Public Instruction shall exercise all the powers and perform all the duties of the Superintendent of Common Schools, subject to such changes as shall be made by law. Sec. 21. Terms of Executive Department Officers. Ineli- gibility to Re-election. The terms of the Secretary of Internal 24 ARTICLE IV.— Sec. 22. ARTICLE V.— Sec. 1-3. Affairs, the Auditor General, and the State Treasurer shall each be four years; and they shall be chosen by the qualified electors of the State at general elections ; but a State Treas- urer, elected in the year one thousand nine hundred and nine, shall serve for three years, and his successors shall be elected at the general election in the year one thousand nine hundred and twelve, and in every fourth year thereafter. No person elected to the office of Auditor General or State Treasurer shall be capable of holding the same office for two consecu- tive terms. (Amendment of November 2, 1909). Sec. 22. Seal. Commissions. The present Great Seal of Pennsylvania shall be the seal of the State. All commissions shall be in the name and by authority of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, and be sealed with the State seal and signed by the Governor. ARTICLE V. THE JUDICIARY. Sec. 1. Judicial Power. The judicial power of this Com- monwealth shall be vested in a Supreme Court, in courts of common pleas, courts of oyer and terminer, and general jail delivery, courts of quarter sessions of the peace, orphans' courts, magistrates' courts, and in such other courts as the General Assembly may from time to time establish. Sec. 2. Supreme Court. The Supreme Court shall consist of seven judges, who shall be elected by the qualified electors of the State at large. They shall hold their offices for the term of twenty-one years, if they so long behave themselves well, but shall not be again eligible. The judge whose com- mission shall first expire shall be chief justice, and thereafter each judge whose commission shall first expire shall in turn be chief justice. Sec. 3. Jurisdiction of Supreme Court. The jurisdiction of the Supreme Court shall extend over the State, and the judges thereof shall, by virtue of their offices, be justices of oyer and terminer and general jail delivery in the several counties; they shall have original jurisdiction in cases of injunction where a corporation is a party defendant, of habeas corpus, of 25 ARTICLE V.— Sec. 4-6. mandamus to courts of inferior jurisdiction, and of quo war- ranto as to all officers of the Commonwealth whose jurisdic- tion extends over the State, but shall not exercise any other original jurisdiction; they shall have appellate jurisdiction by appeal, certiorari or writ of error in all cases, as is now or may hereafter be provided by law. Sec. 4. Common Pleas Courts. Until otherwise directed by law, the courts of common pleas shall continue as at present established, except as herein changed ; not more than four counties shall, at any time, be included in one judicial district organized for said courts. Sec. 5. Judicial Districts. Associate Judges. Whenever a county shall contain forty thousand inhabitants it shall consti- tute a separate judicial district, and shall elect one judge learned in the law; and the General Assembly shall provide for additional judges, as the business of the said districts may require. Counties containing a population less than is suffi- cient to constitute separate districts shall be formed into con- venient single districts, or, if necessary, may be attached to contiguous districts as the General Assembly may provide. The office of associate judge, not learned in the law, is abol- ished in counties forming separate districts; but the several associate judges in office when this Constitution shall be adopted shall serve for their unexpired terms. Sec. 6. Courts of Common Pleas of Philadelphia and Alle- gheny Counties. In the county of Philadelphia all the jurisdic- tion and powers now vested in the district courts and courts of common pleas, subject to such changes as may be made by this Constitution or by law, shall be in Philadelphia vested in five distinct and separate courts of equal and co-ordinate juris- diction, composed of three judges each. The said courts in Philadelphia shall be designated respectively as the court of common pleas number one, number two, number three, num- ber four, and number five, but the number of said courts may be by law increased, from time to time, and shall be in like manner designated by successive numbers. The number of judges in any of said courts, or in any county where the estab- lishment of an additional court may be authorized by law, may 26 ARTICLE V.— Sec. 7. be incfeased, from time to time, and whenever such increase shall amount in the whole to three, such three judges shall compose a distinct and separate court as aforesaid, which shall be numbered as aforesaid. In Philadelphia all suits shall be instituted in the said courts of common pleas without desig- nating the number of the said court, and the several courts shall distribute and apportion the business among them in such manner as shall be provided by rules of court, and each court, to which any suit shall be thus assigned, shall have exclusive jurisdiction thereof, subject to change of venue, as shall be provided by law. In the county of Allegheny all the jurisdiction and powers now vested in the several numbered courts of common pleas shall be vested in one court of common pleas, composed of all the judges in commission in said courts. Such jurisdiction and powers shall extend to all proceedings at law and in equity which shall have been instituted in the several numbered courts, and shall be subject to such changes as may be made by law, and subject to change of venue as provided by law. The president judge of said court shall be selected as pro- vided by law. The number of judges in said court may be by law increased from time to time. This amendment shall take effect on the first day of January succeeding its adoption. (Amendment of November 7, 1911). Sec. 7. Prothonotary of Philadelphia. Salaries. Fees. Dockets. For Philadelphia there shall be one prothonotary's office, and one prothonotary for all said courts, to be appointed by the judges of said courts, and to hold office for three years, subject to removal by a majority of the said judges; the said prothonotary shall appoint such assistants as may be neces- sary and authorized by said courts ; and he and his assistants shall receive fixed salaries, to be determined by law and paid by said county ; all fees collected in said office, except such as may be by law due to the Commonwealth, shall be paid by the prothonotary into the county treasury. Each court shall have its separate dockets, except the judgment docket which shall contain the judgment and liens of all the said courts, as is or may be directed by law. 27 ARTICLE V.— Sec. 8-12. Sec. 8. Criminal Courts in Philadelphia and Allegheny Counties. The said- courts in the counties of Philadelphia and Allegheny, respectively, shall, from time to time, in turn de- tail one or more of their judges to hold the courts of oyer and terminer and the courts of quarter sessions of the peace of said counties, in such manner as may be directed by law. Sec. 9. Powers of Judges of Common Pleas Courts. Judges of the courts of common pleas learned in the law shall be judges of the courts of oyer and terminer, quarter sessions of the peace and general jail delivery, and of the orphans' court, and within their respective districts shall be justices of the peace as to criminal matters. Sec. 10. Certiorari to Courts Not of Record. The judges of the courts of common pleas, within their respective counties, shall have power to issue writs of certiorari to justices of the peace and other inferior courts not of record, and to cause their proceedings to be brought before them, and right and justice to be done. Sec. 11. Justices of the Peace. Aldermen. Term. Resi- dence. Number. Except as otherwise provided in this Con- stitution, justices of the peace or aldermen shall be elected in the several wards, districts, boroughs or townships, by the qualified electors thereof, at the municipal election, in such manner as shall be directed by law, and shall be commissioned by the Governor for a term of six years. No township, ward, district or borough shall elect more than two justices of the peace or aldermen without the consent of a majority of the qualified electors within such township, ward or borough ; no person shall be elected to such office unless he shall have re- sided within the township, borough, ward or district for one year next preceding his election. In cities containing over fifty thousand inhabitants, not more than one alderman shall be elected in each ward or district. (Amendment of Novem- ber 2, 1909). Sec. 12. Magistrates' Courts in Philadelphia. Election. Term. Salaries. Jurisdiction. In Philadelphia there shall be established, for each thirty thousand inhabitants, one court, not of record, of police and civil causes, with jurisdic- 28 ARTICLE V.— Sec. 13-17. tion not exceeding one hundred dollars ; such courts shall be held by magistrates whose term of office shall be six years, and they shall be elected on general ticket at the municipal elec- tion, by the qualified voters at large; and in the election of the said magistrates no voter shall vote for more than two- thirds of the number of persons to be elected when more than one are to be chosen ; they shall be compensated only by fixed salaries, to be paid by said county; and shall exercise such jurisdiction, civil and criminal, except as herein provided, as is now exercised by aldermen, subject to such changes, not in- volving an increase of civil jurisdiction or conferring political duties, as may be made by law. In Philadelphia the office of alderman is abolished. (Amendment of November 2, 1909). Sec. 13. Disposition of Fees, Fines, Etc. All fees, fines and penalties in said courts shall be paid into the county treasury. Sec. 14. Appeal from Summary Conviction. In all cases of summary conviction in this Commonwealth, or of judgment in suit for a penalty before a magistrate, or court not of record, either party may appeal to such court of record as may be pre- scribed by law, upon allowance of the appellate court or judge thereof upon cause shown. Sec. 15. Election of Judges. Term. Removal. All judges required to be learned in the law, except the judges of the Supreme Court, shall be elected by the qualified electors of the respective districts over which they are to preside, and shall hold their offices for the period of ten years, if they shall so long behave themselves well ; but for any reasonable cause, which shall not be sufficient ground for impeachment, the Gov- ernor may remove any of them on the address of two-thirds of each House of the General Assembly. Sec. 16. Voting for Supreme Court Judges. Whenever two judges of the Supreme Court are to be chosen for the same term of service each voter shall vote for one only, and when three are to be chosen he shall vote for no more than two: candidates highest in vote shall be declared elected. Sec. 17. Priority of Commission. Should any two or more judges of the Supreme Court, or any two or more judges of the court of common pleas for the same district, be elected at the 29 ARTICLE V— Sec. 18-22. same time, they shall, as soon after the election as convenient, cast lots for priority of commission, and certify the result to the Governor, who shall issue their commissions in accordance therewith. Sec. 18. Compensation of Judges. The judges of the Su- preme Court and the judges of the several courts of common pleas, and all other judges required to be learned in the law, shall at stated times receive for their services an adequate compensation, which shall be fixed by law, and paid by the State. They shall receive no other compensation, fees or per- quisites of office for their services from any source, nor hold any other office of profit under the United States, this State or any other State. Sec. 19. Residence of Judges. The judges of the Supreme Court, during their continuance in office, shall reside within this Commonwealth; and the other judges, during their con- tinuance in office, shall reside within the districts for which they shall be respectively elected. Sec. 20. Chancery Powers. The several courts of common pleas, besides the powers herein conferred, shall have and ex- ercise within their respective districts, subject to such changes as may be made by law, such chancery powers as are now vested by law in the several courts of common pleeas of this Commonwealth, or as may hereafter be conferred upon them by law. Sec. 21. Duties of Judges. Nisi Prius Courts. Supreme Court Judges. No duties shall be imposed by law upon the Supreme Court or any of the judges thereof, except such as are judicial, nor shall any of the judges thereof exercise any power of appointment except as herein provided. The court of nisi prius is hereby abolished, and no court of original jurisdiction to be presided over by any one or more of the judges of the Supreme Court shall be established. Sec. 22. Orphans' Courts. Registers' Courts Abolished. In every county wherein the population shall exceed one hundred and fifty thousand, the General Assembly shall, and in any other county may, establish a separate orphans' court, to con- sist of one or more judges who shall be learned in the law, 30 ARTICLE V.— Sec. 23-26. which court shall exercise all the jurisdiction and powers now vested in or which may hereafter be conferred upon the orphans' courts, and thereupon the jurisdiction of the judges of the court of common pleas within such county, in orphans' court proceedings, shall cease and determine. In any county in which a separate orphans' court shall be established, the register of wills shall be clerk of such court and subject to its directions, in all matters pertaining to his office; he may appoint assistant clerks, but only with the consent and ap- proval of said court. All accounts filed with him as register or as clerk of the said separate orphans' court shall be audited by the court without expense to parties, except where all parties in interest in a pending proceeding shall nominate an auditor whom the court may, in its discretion, appoint. In every county orphans' courts shall possess all the powers and jurisdiction of a registers' court, and separate registers' courts are hereby abolished. Sec. 23. Style of Process. Indictments. The style of all process shall be "The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania." All prosecutions shall be carried on in the name and by the au- thority of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, and conclude "against the peace and dignity of the same." Sec. 24. Appeal to Supreme Court in Criminal Cases. In all cases of felonious homicide, and in such other criminal cases as may be provided for by law, the accused after conviction and sentence may remove the indictment, record and all pro- ceedings to the Supreme Court for review. Sec. 25. Vacancies in Courts of Record. Any vacancy hap- pening by death, resignation or otherwise, in any court of record, shall be filled by appointment by the Governor, to con- tinue till the first Monday of January next succeeding the first general election which shall occur three or more months after the happening of such vacancy. Sec. 26. Uniform Laws for Courts. Certain Courts Pro- hibited. All laws relating to courts shall be general and of uniform operation, and the organization, jurisdiction and pow- ers of all courts of the same class or grade, so far as regulated by law, and the force and effect of the process and judgments 31 ARTICLE V.— Sec. 37. ARTICLE VI.— Sec. 1-4. of such courts, shall be uniform ; and the General Assembly is hereby prohibited from creating other courts to exercise the powers vested by this Constitution in the judges of the courts of common pleas and orphans' courts. Sec. 27. Litigants may Dispense with Jury Trial. The parties, by agreement filed, may in any civil case dispense with trial by jury, and submit the decision of such case to the court having jurisdiction thereof, and such court shall hear and de- termine the same ; and the Judgment thereon shall be subject to writ of error as in other cases. ARTICLE VI. IMPEACHMENT AND REMOVAL FROM OFFICE. Sec. 1. Power of Impeachment. The House of Representa- tives shall have the sole power of impeachment. Sec. 2. Trial of Impeachments. All impeachments shall be tried by the Senate; when sitting for that purpose the Sena- tors shall be upon oath or affirmation ; no person shall be con- victed without the concurrence of two-thirds of the members present. Sec. 3. Officers Liable to Impeachment. Judgment. The Governor and all other civil officers shall be liable to impeach- ment for any misdemeanor in office, but judgment in such cases shall not extend further than to removal from office and disqualification to hold any office of trust or profit under this Commonwealth ; the person accused, whether convicted or acquitted, shall nevertheless be liable to indictment, trial, judgment and punishment according to law. Sec. 4. Tenure of Office. Removals from Office. All of- ficers shall hold their offices on the condition that they behave themselves well while in office, and shall be removed on con- viction of misbehavior in office or of any infamous crime. Ap- pointed officers, other than judges of the courts of record and the Superintendent of Public Instruction, may be removed at the pleasure of the power by which they shall have been ap- pointed. All officers elected by the people, except Governor. Lieutenant Governor, members of the General Assembly and judges of the courts of record learned in the law, shall be re- 32 ARTICLE VII. moved by the Governor for reasonable cause, after due notice and full hearing, on the address of two-thirds of the Senate. ARTICLE VII. OATH OF OFFICE. Sec. 1. Official Oath. How Administered. Senators and Representatives and all judicial ^tate and county officers shall, before entering on the duties of their respective offices, take and subscribe the following oath or affirmation : "I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will support, obey and defend the Con- stitution of the United States, and the Constitution of this Commonwealth, and that I will discharge the duties of my office with fidelity; that I have not paid or contributed, or promised to pay or contribute, either directly or indirectly, any money or other valuable thing, to procure my nomination or election (or appointment), except for necessary and proper expenses expressly authorized by law; that I have not know- ingly violated any election law of this Commonwealth, or pro- cured it to be done by others in my behalf; that I will not knowingly receive, directly or indirectly, any money or other valuable thing for the performance or non-performance of any act or duty pertaining to my office, other than the compensa- tion allowed by law." The foregoing oath shall be administered by some person authorized to administer oaths, and in the case of State officers and judges of the Supreme Court, shall be filed in the office of the Secretary of the Commonwealth, and in the case of other judicial and county officers, in the office of the prothonotary of the county in which the same is taken; any person refusing to take said oath or affirmation shall forfeit his office ; and any person who shall be convicted of having sworn or affirmed falsely, or of having violated said oath or affirmation, shall be guilty of perjury, and be forever disqualified from holding any office of trust or profit within this Commonwealth. The oath to the members of the Senate and House of Representatives shall be administered by one of the judges of the Supreme Court or of a court of common pleas, learned in the law, in the hall of the House to which the members shall be elected. 33 ARTICLE VIII.— Sec. 1-3. ARTICLE VIII. SUFFRAGE AND ELECTIONS. Sec. 1. Qualifications of Electors. Every male citizen twenty-one years of age, possessing the following qualifica- tions, shall be entitled to vote at all elections, subject however to such laws requiring and regulating the registration of electors as the General Assembly may enact : 1. He shall have been a citizen of the United States at least one month. 2. He shall have resided in the State one year (or, having previously been a qualified elector or native born citizen of the State, he shall have removed therefrom and returned, then six months), immediately preceding the election. 3. He shall have resided in the election district where he shall offer to vote at least two months immediately preceding the election. 4. If twenty-two years of age and upwards, he shall have paid within two years a State or county tax, which shall have been assessed at least two months and paid at least one month before the election. (Amendment of November 5, 1901). Sec. 2. General Elections. The general election shall be held biennially on the Tuesday next following the first Mon- day of November in each even-numbered year, but the Gen- eral Assembly may by law fix a different day, two-thirds of all the members of each House consenting thereto: Provided, That such election shall always be held in an even-numbered year. (Amendment of November 2, 1909). Sec. 3. Municipal Elections. Election of Judges and County Officers. All judges elected by the electors of the State at large may be elected at either a general or municipal election, as circumstances may require. All elections for judges of the courts for the several judicial districts, and for county, city, ward, borough, and township officers, for regular terms of service, shall be held on the municipal election day, namely, the Tuesday next following the first Monday of No- vember in each odd-numbered year, but the General Assem- bly may by law fix a different day, two-thirds of all the mem- bers of each House consenting thereto : Provided, That such 34 ARTICLE VIIL— Sec. 4-8. election shall always be held in an odd-numbered year. (Amendment, of November 2, 1909.) Sec. 4. Method of Conducting Elections. Secrecy. All elections by the citizens shall be by ballot or by such other method as may be prescribed by law : Provided, That secrecy in voting be preserved. (Amendment of November 5, 1901). Sec. 5. Privileges of Electors. Electors shall in all cases ex- cept treason, felony and breach of surety of the peace, be priv- ileged from arrest during their attendance on elections, and in going to and returning therefrom. Sec. 6. Voting When Engaged in Military Service. When- ever any of the qualified electors of this Commonwealth shall be in actual military service, under a requisition from the President of the United States, or by the authority of this Com- monwealth, such electors may exercise the right of suffrage in all elections by the citizens, under such regulations as are or shall be prescribed by law, as fully as if they were present at their usual places of election. Sec. 7. Uniformity of Election Laws. Registration of Electors. All laws regulating the holding of elections by the citizens or for the registration of electors shall be uniform throughout the State, but laws regulating and requiring the registration of electors may be enacted to apply to cities only, provided that such laws be uniform for cities of the same class. (Amendment of November 5, 190f). Sec. 8. Bribery at Elections. Challenging of Electors. Any person, who shall give, or promise or offer to give, to an elector, any money, reward or other valuable consideration for his vote at an election, or for withholding the same, or who shall give or promise to give such consideration to any other person or party for such electors' vote or for the withholding thereof, and any elector who shall receive or agree to receive, for himself or for another, any money, reward or other valua- ble consideration for his vote at an election, or for withholding the same, shall thereby forfeit the right to vote at such elec- tion, and any elector whose right to vote shall be challenged for such cause before the election officers, shall be required to . 35, ARTICLE VIII— Sec. 9-13. swear or affirm that the matter of the challenge is untrue be- fore his vote shall be received. Sec. 9. Violation of Election Laws. Any person who shall, while a candidate for office, be guilty of bribery, fraud or will- ful violation of any election law, shall be forever disqualified from holding an office of trust or profit in this Commonwealth : and any person convicted of willful violation of the election laws shall, in addition to any penalties provided by law, be de- prived of the right of suffrage absolutely for a term of four years. Sec. 10. Witnesses in Contested Elections and Election In- vestigations. In trials of contested elections and in proceed- ings for the investigation of elections, no person shall be per- mitted to withhold his testimony upon the ground that it may criminate himself or subject him to public infamy; but such testimony shall not afterwards be used against him in any ju- dicial proceedings except for perjury in giving such testimony. Sec. 11. Election Districts. Townships, and wards of cities or boroughs, shall form or be divided into election districts of compact and contiguous territory, in such manner as the court of quarter sessions of the city or county in which the same are located may direct; but districts in cities of over one hundred thousand inhabitants shall be divided by the courts of quarter sessions, having jurisdiction therein, whenever at the next preceding election more than two hundred and fifty votes shall have been polled therein; and other election districts whenever the court of the proper county shall be of opinion that the convenience of the electors and the public interests will be promoted thereby. Sec. 12. Elections by Persons in Representative Capacity. All elections by person in a representative capacity shall be viva voce. Sec. 13. Residence of Electors. For the purpose of voting no person shall be deemed to have gained a residence by reason of his presence, or lost it by reason of his absence, while em- ployed in the service, either civil or military, of this State or of the United States, nor while engaged in the navigation of the waters of the State or of the United States, or on the high 36 ARTICLE VIII.— Sec. 14-16. seas, nor while a student of any institution of learning, nor while kept in any poorhouse or other asylum at public expense, nor while confined in public prison. Sec. 14. Election Officers. District election boards shall consist of a judge and two inspectors, who shall be chosen an- nually by the citizens. Each elector shall have the right to vote for the judge and one inspector, and each inspector shall appoint one clerk. The first election board for any new dis- trict shall be selected, and vacancies in election boards filled, as shall be provided by law. Election officers shall be priv- ileged from arrest upon days of election, and while engaged in making up and transmitting returns, except upon warrant of a court of record or judge thereof, for an election fraud, for felony, or for wanton breach of the peace. In cities they may claim exemption from jury duty during their terms of service. Sec. 15. Disqualifications for Election Officer. No person shall be qualified to serve as an election officer who shall hold, or shall within two months have held, any office, appointment or employment in or under the government of the United States, or of this State, or of any city, or county, or of any mu- nicipal board, commission or trust in any city, save only jus- tices of the peace and aldermen, notaries public and persons in the militia service of the State ; nor shall any election officer be eligible to any civil office to be filled at an election at which he shall serve, save only to such subordinate municipal or local offices, below the grade of city or county offices, as shall be designated by general law. Sec. 16. Overseers of Elections. The courts of common pleas of the several counties of the Commonwealth shall have power, within their respective jurisdictions, to appoint over- seers of election to supervise the proceedings of election offi- cers and to make report to the court as may be required ; such appointments to be made for any district in a city or county upon petition of five citizens, lawful voters of such election dis- trict, setting forth that such appointment is a reasonable pre- caution to secure the purity and fairness of elections ; overseers shall be two in number for an election district, shall be resi- dents therein, and shall be persons qualified to serve upon 37 ARTICLE VIII.— Sec. 17. ARTICLE IX.— Sec. 1-4. election boards, and in each case members of different political parties; whenever the members of an election board shall differ in opinion the overseers, if they shall be agreed thereon, shall decide the question of difference ; in appointing overseers of election all the law judges of the proper court, able to act at the time, shall concur in the appointments made. Sec. 17. Trial of Contested Elections. The trial and deter- mination of contested elections of electors of President and Vice President, members of the General Assembly, and of all public offiers, whether State, judicial, municipal or local, shall be by the courts of law, or by one or more of the law judges thereof; the General Assembly shall, by general law, designate the courts and judges by whom the several classes of election contests shall be tried, and regulate the manner of trial and all matters incident thereto; but no such law assigning juris- diction, or regulating its exercise, shall apply to any contest arising out of an election held before its passage. ARTICLE IX. TAXATION AND FINANCE. Sec. 1. Taxes to be Uniform. Exemptions. All taxes shall be uniform, upon the same class of subjects, within the territorial limits of the authority levying the tax, and shall be levied and collected under general laws; but the General Assembly may, by general laws, exempt from taxation pub- lic property used for public purposes, actual places of re- ligious worship, places of burial not used or held for private or corporate profit, and institutions of purely public charity. Sec. 2. Exemption from Taxation Limited. All laws ex- empting property from taxation, other than the property above enumerated, shall be void. Sec. 3. Taxation of Corporations. The power to tax cor- porations and corporate property shall not be surrendered or suspended by any contract or grant to which the State shall be a party. Sec. 4. Limitation on State Debt. No debt shall be created by or on behalf of the State, except to supply casual deficiencies of revenue, repel invasions, suppress insurrection. 38 ARTICLE IX.— Sec. 5-8. defend the State in war, or to pay existing debt ; and the debt created to supply deficiencies in revenue shall never exceed in the aggregate at any one time, one million of dollars, Sec. 5. Limitation on State Loans. All laws authorizing the borrowing of money by and on behalf of the State, shall specify the purpose for which the money is to be used, and the money so borroAved shall be used for the purpose specified and no other. Sec. 6. State Credit Not to be Pledged. The credit of the Commonwealth shall not be pledged or loaned to any individual, company, corporation or association, nor shall the Commonwealth become a joint owner or stockholder in any company, association or corporation. Sec. 7. Municipalities not to Become Stockholders in Cor- porations, etc., nor Loan Credit. The General Assembly shall not authorize any county, city, borough, township or in- corporated district to become a stockholder in any company, association or corporation, or to obtain or appropriate money for, or to loan its credit to, any corporation, association, in- stitution or individual. Sec. 8. Debts of Municipalities. Debt of Philadelphia for Subways, Wharves and Docks. The debt of any county, city, borough, township, school district, or other municipality or incorporated district, except as herein provided, shall never exceed seven per centum upon the assessed value of the taxa- ble property therein, nor shall any such municipality or dis- trict incur any new debt, or increase its indebtedness to an amount exceeding two per centum upon such assessed valua- tion of property, without the assent of the electors thereof at a public election in such manner as shall be provided by law; but any city, the debt of which now exceeds seven per centum of such assessed valuation, may be authorized by law to in- crease the same three per centum, in the aggregate, at anv one time, upon such valuation, except that any debt or debts hereinafter incurred by the city and county of Philadelphia for the construction and development of subways for transit purposes, or for the construction of wharves and docks, or the reclamation of land to be used in the construction of a 39 AETICLE IX.— Sec. 9-11. system of wharves and docks, as public improvements, owned or to be owned by said city and county of Philadelphia, and which shall yield to the city and county of Philadelphia cur- rent net revenue in excess of the interest on said debt or debts and of the annual instalments necessary for the can- cellation of said debt or debts, may be excluded in ascertain- ing the power of the city and county of Philadelphia to be- come otherwise indebted : Provided, That a sinking fund for their cancellation shall be established and maintained. (Amendment of November 7, 1911). Sec. 9. Municipal Debt Not to be Assumed by State. Ex- ceptions. The Commonwealth shall not assume the debt, or any part thereof, of any city, county, borough or township, unless such debt shall have been contracted to enable the State to repel invasion, supress domestic insurrection, de- fend itself in time of war, or to assist the State in the dis- charge of any portion of its present indebtedness. Sec. 10. Tax to Liquidate Municipal Debts. Any county, township, school district or other municipality incurring any indebtedness shall, at or before the time of so doing, provide for the collection of an annual tax sufficient to pay the inter- est, and also the principal thereof within thirty years. Sec. 11. State Sinking Fund. To provide for the payment of the present State debt, and any additional debt contracted as aforesaid, the General Assembly shall continue and main- tain the sinking fund, sufficient to pay the accruing interest on such debt, and annually to reduce the principal thereof by a sum not less than two hundred and fifty thousand dollars; the said sinking fund shall consist of the proceeds of the sales of the public works or any part thereof, and of the income or proceeds of the sale of any stocks owned by the Common- wealth, together with other funds and resources that may be designated by law, and shall be increased from time to time by assigning to it any part of the taxes or other revenues of the State not required for the ordinary and current expenses of government ; and unless in case of war, invasion or insur- rection, no part of the said sinking fund shall be used or ap- plied otherwise than in the extinguishment of the public\debt. 40 ARTICLE IX.— Sec. 12-14. ARTICLE X. Sec. 12. Surplus State Funds. Investments. The moneys of the State, over and above the necessary reserve, shall be used in the payment of the debt of the State, either directly or through the sinking fund, and the moneys of the sinking fund shall never be invested in or loaned upon the security of any- thing except the bonds of the United States or of this State. Sec. 13. Reserve Fund Limited. Monthly Statements of Reserve Funds. The moneys held as necessary reserve shall be limited by law to the amount required for current expenses, and shall be secured and kept as may be provided by law. Monthly statements shall be published showing the amount of such moneys, where the same are deposited, and how se- cured. Sec. 14. Punishment for Misuse of State Moneys. The making of profit out of the public moneys or using the same for any purpose not authorized by law by any officer of the State, or member or officer of the General Assembly, shall be a misdemeanor and shall be punished as may be provided by law, but part of such punishment shall be disqualification to hold office for a period of not less than five years. ARTICLE X. EDUCATION. Sec. 1. Public School System. The General Assembly shall provide for the maintenance and support of a thorough and efficient system of public schools, wherein all the children of this Commonwealth above the age of six years may be educated, and shall appropriate at least one million dollars each year for that purpose. Sec. 2. Diversion of School Moneys to Sectarian Schools. No money raised for the support of the public schools of the Commonwealth shall be appropriated to or used for the sup- port of any sectarian school. Sec. 3. Women Eligible as School Officers. Women twenty-one years of age and upwards shall be eligible to any office of control or management under the school laws of this State. 41 ARTICLES XI, XII AND XIII. J, ART/ CLE XI. MILITIA. Sec. 1. Militia to be Organized. Maintenance. Exemp- tion from Service. The freemen of this Commonwealth shall be armed, organized and disciplined for its defense when and in such manner as may be directed by law. The General As- sembly shall provide for maintaining the militia by appropria- tions from the Treasury of the Commonwealth, and may ex- empt from military service persons having conscientious scruples against bearing arms ARTICLE XII. PUBLIC OFFICERS. Sec. 1. Election of State and Local Public Officers. All officers, whose selection is not provided for in this Constitu- tion, shall be elected or appointed as may be directed by law : Provided, That elections of State officers shall be held on a general election day, and elections of local officers shall be held on a municipal election day, except when, in either case, spe- cial elections may be required to fill unexpired terms. (Amendment of November 2, 1909). Sec. 2. Incompatible Officers. No member of Congress from this State, nor any person holding or exercising any office or appointment of trust or profit under the United States, shall at the same time hold or exercise any office in this State to which a salary, fees or perquisites shall be at- tached. The General Assembly may by law declare what offices are incompatible. Sec. 3. Punishment for Dueling. Any person who shall fight a duel or send a challenge for that purpose, or be aider or abettor in fighting a duel, shall be deprived of the right of holding any officer of honor or profit in this State, and may be otherwise punished as shall be' prescribed by law. ARTICLE XIII. NEW COUNTIES. Sec. 1. Limitation on Erection of New Counties. No new county shall be established which shall reduce any county to 42 ARTICLE XIV.— Sec, 1-5. less than four hundred square miles, or to less than twenty thousand inhabitants; nor shall any county be formed of less area, or containing a less population; nor shall any line thereof pass within ten miles of the county seat of any county proposed to be divided. ARTICLE XIV. COUNTY OFFICERS. Sec. 1. County Officers. County officers shall consist of sheriffs, coroners, prothonotaries, registers of wills, recorders of deeds, commisisoners, treasurers, surveyors, auditors or controllers, clerks of the courts, district attorneys, and such others as may from time to time be established by law; and no sheriff or treasurer shall be eligible for the term next suc- ceeding the one for which he may be elected. Sec. 2. Election of County Officers. Terms. Vacancies. County officers shall be elected at the municipal elections and shall hold their offices for the term of four years, beginning on the first Monday of January next after their election, and until their successors shall be duly qualified ; all vacancies not otherwise provided for shall be filled in such manner as may be provided by law. (Amendment of November 2, 1909). Sec. 3. Qualifications. No person shall be appointed to any office within any county who shall not have been a citi- zen and an inhabitant therein one year next before his ap- poitment, if the county shall have been so long erected, but if it shall not have been so long erected, then within the limits of the county or counties out of which it shall have been taken. Sec. 4. Where Offices Shall be Kept. Prothonotaries, clerks of the courts, recorders of deeds, registers of wills, county surveyors and sheriffs, shall keep their offices in the county town of the county in which they respectively shall be officers. Sec. 5. Compensation of County Officers. Fees. The com- pensation of county officers shall be regulated by law, and all county officers who are or may be salaried shall pay all fees which they may be authorized to receive, into the treas- 43 ARTICLE XIV.— Sec. 6-7. ARTICLE XV. ury of the county or State, as may be directed by law. In counties containing over one hundred and fifty thousand in- habitants all county officers shall be paid by salary, and the salary of any such officer and his clerks, heretofore paid by fees, shall not exceed the aggregate amount of fees earned during his term and collected by or for him. Sec. 6. Accountability of Municipal Officers. The General Assembly shall provide by law for the strict accountability ol all county, township and borough officers, as well for the fees which may be collected by them as for all public or muni- cipal moneys which may be paid to them. Sec. 7. County Commissioners and Auditors. Three county commissioners and three county auditors shall be elected, in each county where such officers are chosen, in the year one thousand nine hundred and eleven and every fourth year thereafter; and in the election of said officers each qualified elector shall vote for no more than two persons, and the three persons having the highest number of votes shall be elected ; any casual vacancy in the office of county commissioner or county auditor shall be filled, by the court of common pleas of the county in which such vacancy shall occur, by the ap- pointment of an elector of the proper county who shall have voted for the commissioner or auditor whose place is to be filled. (Amendment of November 2, 1909). ARTICLE XV. C/T/ES AND CITY CHARTERS. Sec. 1. When Cities May be Chartered. Cities may be chartered whenever a majority of the electors of any town or borough having a population of at least ten thousand shall vote at any general election in favor of the same. Sec. 2. Debts Incurred by Municipal Commissions. No debt shall be contracted or liability incurred by any municipal commission, except in pursuance of an appropriation pre- viously made therefor by the municipal government. Sec. 3. City Sinking Fund. Every city shall create a sink- ing fund, which shall be inviolably pledged for the payment of its funded debt. 44 ARTICLE XVI.— Sec. 1-7. ARTICLE XVI. PRIVATE CORPORATIONS. Sec. 1. Certain Unused Charters Void. All existing char- ters, or grants of special or exclusive privileges, under which a bona fide organization shall not have taken place and busi- ness been commenced in good faith at the time of the adop- tion of this Constitution, shall thereafter have no validity. Sec. 2. Conditions Imposed on Certain Benefits to Corpora- tions. The General Assembly shall not remit the forfeiture of the charter of any corporation now existing, or alter or amend the same, or pass any other general of special law for the benefit of such corporation, except upon the condition that such corporation shall thereafter hold its charter subject to the provisions of this Constitution. Sec. 3. State's Right of Eminent Domain. Police Power. The exercise of the right of eminent domain shall never be abridged or so construed as to prevent the General Assembly from taking the property and franchises of incorporated com- panies, and subjecting them to public use, the same as the property of individuals; and the exercise of the police power of the State shall never be abridged or so construed as to per- mit corporations to conduct their business in such manner as to infringe the equal rights of individuals or the general well-being of the State. Sec. 4. Corporate Elections. In all elections for directors or managers of a corporation each member or shareholder may cast the whole number of his votes for one candidate, or dis- tribute them upon two or more candidates, as he may prefer. Sec. 5. Foreign Corporations. No foreign corporation shall do any business in this State without having one or more known places of business and an authorized agent or agents in the same upon whom process may be served. Sec. 6. Corporate Powers. Real Estate. No corporation shall engage in any business other than that expressly au- thorized in its charter, nor shall it take or hold any real estate except such as may be necessary and proper for its legitimate business. Sec. 7. Stocks and Bonds. Increase of Indebtedness. No 45 ARTICLE XVI.— Sec. 8-11. corporation shall issue stocks or bonds except for money, labor done, or money or property actually received; and all fictitious increase of stock or indebtedness shall be void. The stock and indebtedness of corporations shall not be increased except in pursuance of general law, nor without the consent of the persons holding the larger amount in value of the stock, first obtained at a meeting to be held after sixty days' notice given in pursuance of law. Sec. 8. Property Taken, Injured or Destroyed by Private and Municipal Corporations. Municipal and other corpora- tions and individuals invested with the privilege of taking private property for public use shall make just compensation for property taken, injured or destroyed by the construction or enlargement of their works, highways or improvements, which compensation shall be paid or secured before such tak^ ing, injury or destruction. The General Assembly is hereby prohibited from depriving any person of an appeal from any preliminary assessment of damages against any such corpo- rations or individuals made by viewers or otherwise; and the amount of such damages in all cases of appeal shall on the de- mand of either party be determined by a jury according to the course of the common law. Sec. 9. Banking Laws. Every banking law shall provide for the registry and countersigning, by an officer of the State, of all notes or bills designed for circulation, and that ample security to the full amount thereof shall be deposited with the Auditor General for the redemption of such notes or bills. Sec. 10. Revocation and Alteration of Corporate Charters. New Charters. The General Assembly shall have the power to alter, revoke or annul any charter of incorporation now ex- isting and revokable at the adoption of this Constitution, or any that may hereafter be created, whenever in their opinion it may be injurious to the citizens of this Commonwealth, in such manner, however, that no injustice shall be done to the corporators. No law hereafter enacted shall create, renew or extend the charter of more than one corporation. Sec. 11. Notice of Application for Bank Charter. Term. No corporate body to possess banking and discounting privi- 46 ARTICLE XVI.— Sec. 12-13. ARTICLE XVIL— Sec. 1-2. ledges shall be created or organized in pursuance of any law without three months' previous public notice, at the place of the intended location, of the intention to apply for such privi- leges, in such manner as shall be prescribed by law, nor shall a charter for such privilege be granted for a longer period than twenty years. Sec. 12. Regulation of Telegraph Lines. Any association or corporation organized for the purpose, or any individual, shall have the right to construct and maintain lines of tele- graph within this State, and to connect the same with other lines, and the General Assembly shall, by general law of uni- form operation, provide reasonable regulations to give full effect to this section. Xo telegraph company shall consoli- date with, or hold a controlling interest in the stock or bonds of, any other telegraph company owning a competing line, or acquire, by purchase or otherwise, any other competing line of telegraph. Sec. 13. Meaning of Term "Corporations." The term "corporations," as used in this article, shall be construed to in- clude all joint-stock companies or associations having any of the powers or privileges of corporations not possessed by individuals or partnerships. ARTICLE XVI I. RAILROADS AND CANALS. Sec. 1. To be Public Highways and Common Carriers. Connection with other Lines. All railroads and canals shall be public highways, and all railroad and canal companies shall be common carriers. Any association or corporation or- ganized for the purpose shall have the right to construct and operate a railroad between any points within this State, and to connect at the State line with railroads of other States. Every railroad company shall have the right with its road to intersect, connect with or cross any other railroad ; and shall receive and transport each the others passengers, tonnage and cars loaded or empty, without delay or discrimination. Sec. 2. Stock Transfer Office. Books.' Every railroad and canal corporation organized in this State shall maintain an 47 ARTICLES XVII.— Sec. 3-5. office therein where transfers of its stock shall be made, and where its books shall be kept for inspection by any stock- holder or creditor of such corporation, in which shall be re- corded the amount of capital stock subscribed or paid in, and by whom, the names of the owners of its stock and the amounts owned by them, respectively, the transfers of said stock, and the names and places of residence of its officers. Sec. 3. No Discrimination in Service. All individuals, associations and corporations shall have equal right to have persons and property transported over railroads and canals, and no undue or unreasonable discrimination shall be made in charges for, or in facilities for, transportation of freight or passengers, within the State or coming from or going to any other State. Persons and property transported jover any railroad shall be delivered at any station at charges not ex- ceeding the charges for transportation of persons and prop- erty of the same class in the same direction to any more dis- tant station; but excursion and commutation tickets may be issued at special rates. Sec. 4. Consolidation Prohibited. Restrictions on Officers. No railroad, canal or other corporation, or the lessees, pur- chasers or managers of any railroad or canal corporation, shall consolidate the stock, property or franchises of such corpora- tion with, or lease, or purchase the works or franchises of, or in any way control any other railroad or canal corporation owning or having under its control a parallel or competing line ; nor shall any officer of such railroad or canal corporation act as an officer of any other railroad or canal corporation owning or having the control of a parallel or competing line ; and the question whether railroads or canals are parallel or competing lines shall, when demanded by the party complain- ant, be decided by a jury as in other civil issues. Sec. 5. Limitation of Powers. No incorporated company doing the business of a common carrier shall, directly or in- directly prosecute or engage in mining or manufacturing ar- ticles for transportation over its works, nor shall such com- pany directly or indirectly engage in any other business than that of common carriers, or hold or acquire Jands, freehold or 48 ARTICLE XVII.— Sec. 6-11. leasehold, directly or indirectly, except such as shall be nec- essary for carrying on its businesss ; but any mining or manu- facturing company may carry the products of its mines and manufactories on its railroad or canal not exceeding fifty miles in length. Sec. 6. Officers not to be Interested in Contracts. No president, director, officer, agent or employe of any railroad or canal company shall be interested, directly or indirectly, in the furnishing of material or supplies to such company, or in the business of transportation as a common carrier of freight or passengers over- the works owned, leased, controlled or worked by such company. Sec. 7. Discrimination and Preferences Prohibited. No discrimination in charges or facilities for transportation shall be made between transportation companies and individuals, or in favor of either, by abatement, drawback or otherwise, and no railroad or canal company, or any lessee, manager or employe thereof, shall make any preferences in furnishing cars or motive power. Sec. 8. Passes Prohibited. No railroad, railway or other transportation company shall grant free passes, or passes at a discount, to any person except officers or employes of the com- pany. Sec. 9. Street Railways. No street passesnger railway shall be constructed within the limits of any city, borough or township, without the consent of its local authorities. Sec. 10. Acceptance of this Article. No railroad, canal or other transportation company, in existence at the time of the adoption of this article, shall have the benefit of any future legislation by general or special laws, except on condition of complete acceptance of all the provisions of this article. Sec. 11. Duties of Secretary of Internal Affairs. The ex- isting powers and duties of the Auditor General in regard to railroads, canals and other transportation companies, except as to their accounts, are hereby transferred to the Secretary of Internal Affairs, who shall have a general supervision over them, subject to such regulations and alterations as shall be 49 ARTICLE XVII.— Sec. 12. ARTICLE XVIII. provided by law ; and, in addition to the annual reports now required to be made, said Secretary may require special re- ports at any time upon any subject relating to the business of said companies from any officer or officers thereof. Sec. 12. Enforcement of this Article. The General Assem- bly shall enforce by appropriate legislation the provisions of this article. ARTICLE XVIII. FUTURE AMENDMENTS. Sec. 1. How Constitution May be Amended. Any amend- ment or amendments to this Constitution may be proposed in the Senate or House of Representatives ; and, if the same shall be agreed to by a majority of the members elected to each House, such proposed amendment or amendments shall be entered on their journals with the yeas and nays taken thereon, and the Secretary of the Commonwealth shall cause the same to be published three months before the next gen- eral election, in at least two newspapers in every county in which such newspapers shall be published ; and if, in the Gen- eral Assembly next afterwards chosen, such proposed amend- ment or amendments shall be agreed to by a majority of the members elected to each House, the Secretary of the Com- monwealth shall cause the same again to be published in the manner aforesaid ; and such proposed amendment or amend- ments shall be submitted to the qualified electors of the State in such manner, and at such time at least three months after being so agreed to by the two Houses, as the General Assem- bly shall prescribe; and, if such amendment or amendments shall be approved by a majority of those voting thereon, such amendment or amendments shall become a part of the Con- stitution ; but no amendment or amendments shall be sub- mitted oftener than once in five years. When two or more amendments shall be submitted they shall be voted upon separately. 50 SCHEDULE NO. 1. (SCHEDULE No- 1 .) (Adopted with the Constitution). That no inconvenience may arise from the changes in the Constitution of the Commonwealth, and in order to carry the same into complete operation, it is hereby declared, that: Sec. 1. When to take Effect. This Constitution shall take effect on the first day of January, in the year one thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, for all purposes not other- wise provided for therein. Sec. 2. Former Laws Remain in Force. All laws in force in this Commonwealth at the time of the adoption of this Constitution, not inconsistent therewith, and all rights, actions, prosecutions and contracts, shall continue as if this Constitution had not been adopted. Sec. 3. Election of Senators. At the general election in the years one thousand eight hundred and seventy-four and one thousand eight hundred and seventy-five. Senators shall be elected in all districts where there shall be vacancies. Those elected in the year one thousand eight hundred and seventy- four shall serve for two years, and those elected in the year one thousand eight hundred and seventy-five shall serve for one year. Senators now elected and those whose terms are unexpired shall represent the districts in which they reside until the end of the terms for which they were elected. Sec. 4. Election of Senators (continued). At the general election in the year one thousand eight hundred and seventy- six. Senators shall be elected from even numbered districts to serve for two years, and from odd numbered districts to serve for four years. Sec. 5. Election of Governor. The first election of Gover- nor under this Constitution shall be at the general election in the year one thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, when a Governor shall be elected for three years; and the term of the Governor elected in the year one thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight and of those thereafter elected shall be for four years, according to the provisions of this Constitution. Sec. 6. Election of Lieutenant Governor. At the general 51 SCHEDULE NO. 1. election in the year one thousand eight hundred and seventy- four a Lieutenant Governor shall be elected according to the provisions of this Constitution. Sec. 7. Secretary of Internal Affairs. The Secretary of Internal Affairs shall be elected at the first general election after the adoption of this Constitution ; and when the said officer shall be duly elected and qualified, the office of Sur- veyor General shall be abolished. The Surveyor General in office at the time of the adoption of this Constitution shall continue in office until the expiration of the term for which he was elected. Sec. 8. Superintendent of Public Instruction. When the Superintendent of Public Instruction shall be duly qualified the office of Superintendent of Common Schools shall cease. Sec. 9. Eligibility of Present Officers. Nothing contained in this Constitution shall be construed to render any person now holding any State office for a first official term ineligible for re-election at the end of such term. Sec. 10. Judges of Supreme Court. The judges of the Su- preme Court in office when this Constitution shall take effect shall continue until their commissions severally expire. Two judges in addition to the number now composing the said court shall be elected at the first general election after the adoption of this Constitution. Sec. 11. Courts of Record. All courts of record and all existing courts which are not specified in this Constitution shall continue in existence until the first day of December, in the -year one thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, with- out abridgment of their present jurisdiction, but no longer. The court of first criminal jurisdiction for the counties of Schuylkill, Lebanon and Dauphin is hereby abolished, and all causes and proceedings pending therein in the county of Schuylkill shall be tried and disposed of in the courts of oyer and terminer and quarter sessions of the peace of said county. Sec. 12. Registers' Courts Abolished. The registers' courts now in existence shall be abolished on the first day of January next succeeding the adoption of this Constitution. Sec. 13. Judicial Districts. The General Assembly shall, 52 SCHEDULE NO. 1. at the next sesssion after the adoption of this Constitution, de- signate the several judicial districts as required by this Con- sitution. The judges in commission when such designation shall be made shall continue during their unexpired terms judges of the new districts in which they reside; but, when there shall be two judges residing in the same district, the president judge shall elect to which district he shall be as- signed and the additional law judge shall be assigned to the other district. Sec. 14. Decennial Adjustment of Judicial Districts. The General Assembly shall, at the next succeeding session after each decennial census and not oftener, designate the Several judicial districts as required by this Constitution. Sec. 15. Judges in Commission. Judges learned in the law of any court of record holding commissions in force at the adoption of this Constitution shall hold their respective offices until the expiration of the terms for which they were commissioned, and until their successors shall be duly qual- ified. The Governor shall commission the president judge of the court of first criminal jurisdiction for the counties of Schuylkill, Lebanon and Dauphin as a judge of the court of common pleas of Schuylkill county, for the unexpired term of his office. Sec. 16. President Judges. Casting Lots. Associate Judges. After the expiration of the term of any president judge of any court of common pleas, in commission at the adoption of this Constitution, the judge of such court learned in the law and oldest in commission shall be the president judge thereof; and when two or more judges are elected at the same time in any judicial district they shall decide by lot which shall be president judge; but when a president judge of a court shall be re-elected he shall continue to be president judge of that court. Associate judges not learned in the law, elected after the adoption of this Constitution, shall be com- missioned to hold their offices for the term of five years from the first day of January next after their election. Sec. 17. Compensation of Judges. The General Assembly, at the first session after the adoption of this Constituion, shall 53 SCHEDULE NO. 1. fix and determine the compensation of the judges of the Su- preme Court and of the judges of the several judicial districts of the Commonwealth ; and the provisions of the fifteenth sec- tion of the article on legislation shall not be deemed inconsist- ent herewith. Nothing contained in this Constitution shall be held to reduce the compensation now paid to any law judge of this Commonwealth now in commission. Sec. 18. Courts of Philadelphia and Allegheny Counties. Organization in Philadelphia. The courts of common pleas in the counties of Philadelphia and Allegheny shall be com- posed of the present judges of the district court and court of common pleas of said counties until their ofhces shall severally end, and of such other judges as may from time to time be selected. For the purpose of first organization in Philadel- phia the judges of the court number one shall be Judges Alli- son, Pierce and Paxson; of the court number two, Judges Hare, Mitchell and one other judge to be elected; of the court number three, Judges Ludlow, Finletter and Lyn-d ; and of the court number four, Judges Thayer, Briggs and one other judge to be elected. The judge first named shall be the president judge of said courts respectively, and thereafter the president judge shall be the judge oldest in commission; but any president judge re-elected in the same court or district, shall continue to be president judge thereof. The additional judges for courts numbers two and four shall be voted for and elected at the first general election after the adoption of this Constitution, in the same manner as the two additional judges of the Supreme Court, and they shall decide by lot to which court they shall belong. Their term of office shall commence on the first Monday of January, in the year one thousand eight hundred and seventy-five. Sec. 19. Organization of Courts in Allegheny County. In the county of Allegheny, for the purpose of first organiza- tion under this Constitution, the judges of the court of com- mon pleas, at the time of the adoption of this Constitution, shall be the judges of the court number one, and the judges of the district court, at the same date, shall be the judges of the common pleas number two. The president judges of 54 SCHEDULE NO. 1. the common pleas and district court shall be president judge of said courts number one and two respectively, until their offices shall end; and thereafter the judge oldest in commis- sion shall be president judge; but any president judge re- elected in the same court or district, shall continue to be president judge thereof. Sec. 20. When Re-organization of Courts to Take Effect. The organization of the courts of common pleas under this Constitution for the counties of Philadelphia and Allegheny shall take effect on the first Monday of January, one thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, and existing courts in said counties shall continue with their present powers and juris- diction until that date, but no new suits shall be instituted in the courts of nisi prius after the adoption of this Consti- tution. Sec. 21. Causes Pending in Philadelphia. Transfer of Records. The causes and proceedings pending in the court of nisi prius, court of common pleas, and district court in Phil- adelphia, shall be tried and disposed of in the court of com- mon pleas. The records and dockets of said courts shall be transferred to the prothonotary's office of said county. Sec. 22. Causes Pending in Allegheny County. The causes and proceedings pending in the court of common pleas in the county of Allegheny shall be tried and disposed of in the court number one ; and the causes and proceedings pend- ing in the district court shall be tried and disposed of in the court number two. Sec. 23. Prothonotary of Philadelphia County. The pro- thonotary of the court of common pleas of Philadelphia shall be first appointed by the judges of said court on the first Mon- day of December in the year one thousand eig-ht hundred and seventy-five, and the present prothonotary of the district court in said county shall be the prothonotary of the said court of common pleas until said date when his commission shall expire, and the present clerk of the court of oyer and terminer and quarter sessions of the peace in Philadelphia shall be the clerk of such court until the expiration of his pres- 55 SCHEDULE NO. 1. ent commission on the first Monday of December, in the year one thousand eight hundred and seventy-five. Sec. 24. Aldermen. In cities containing over fifty thou- sand inhabitants, except Philadelphia, all aldermen in office at the time of the adoption of this Constitution shall continue in office until the expiration of their commissions, and at the election for city and ward officers in the year one thousand eight hundred and seventy-five one alderman shall be elected in each ward as provided in this Constitution. Sec. 25. Magistrates in Philadelphia. In Philadelphia magistrates in lieu of aldermen shall be chosen as required in this Constitution, at the election in said city for city and ward officers in the year one thousand eight hundred and sev- enty-five; their term of office shall commence on the first Monday of April succeeding their election. The terms of office of aldermen in said city holding or entitled to commis- sions at the time of the adoption of this Constitution shall not be affected thereby. Sec. 26. Term of Present Officers. All persons in office in this Commonwealth at the time of the adoption of this Con- stitution, and at the first election under it, shall hold their re- spective offices until the term for which they have been elected or appointed shall expire, and until their successors shall be duly qualified, unless otherwise provided in this Constitution. Sec. 27. Oath of Office. The seventh article of this Con- stitution prescribing an oath of office shall take effect on and after the first day of January, one thousand eight hundred and seventy-five. Sec. 28. County Commissioners and Auditors. The terms of office of county commissioners and county auditors, chosen prior to the }'ear one thousand eight hundred and seventy- five, which shall not have expired before the first Monday of January, in the year one thousand eight hundred and seventy- six, shall expire on that day. Sec. 29. Compensation of Present Officers. All State, county, city, ward, borough and township officers in office at the time of the adoption of this Constitution, whose compen- sation is not provided for by salaries alone, shall contine to re- 56 SCHEDULE NO. 2. ceive the compensation allowed them by law until the expira- tion of their respective terms of office. Sec. 30. Renewal of Oath of Office. All State and judicial officers heretofore elected, sworn, affirmed, or in office when this Constitution shall take effect, shall severally, within one month after such adoption, take and subscribe an oath, or affir- mation, to support this Constitution. Sec. 31. Enforcing Legislation. The General Assembly at its first session, or as soon as may be after the adoption of this Constitution, shall pass such laws as may be necessary to carry the same into full force and effect. Sec. 32. An Ordinance Declared Valid. The ordinance passed by this Convention, entitled "An ordinance for sub- mitting the amended Constitution of Pennsylvania to a vote of the electors thereof," shall be held to be valid for all the purposes thereof. Sec. 33. City Commissioners of Philadelphia. The words "county commissioners," wherever used in this Constitution and in any ordinance accompanying the same, shall be held to include the commissioners for the city of Philadelphia. (SCHEDULE No. 2.) (Amendments of November^, 1909.) Sec. 1. Adjustments of Terms of Public Officers to Amend- ments of 1909. That no inconvenience may arise from the changes in the Constitution of the Commonwealth, and in order to carry the same into complete operation, it is hereby declared that — In the case of officers elected by the people, all terms of office fixed by act of Assembly at an odd number of years shall each be lengthened one year, but the Legislature may change the length of the term, provided the terms for which such officers are elected shall always be for an even number of years. The above extension of official terms shall not affect officers elected at the general election of one thousand nine hundred 57 SCHEDULE NO. 2. and eight; nor any city, ward, borough, township, or election division officers, whose terms of office, under existing law, end in the year one thousand nine hundred and ten. In the year one thousand nine hundred and ten the munici- pal election shall be held on the third Tuesday of February as heretofore; but all officers chosen at that election to an office the regular term of which is two years, and also all election officers and assessors chosen at that election, shall serve until the first Monday of December in the year one thousand nine hundred and eleven. All officers chosen at that election to offices the term of which is now four years, or is made four years by the operation of these amendments or this schedule, shall serve until the first Monday of December in the year one thousand nine hundred and thirteen. All justices of the peace, magistrates, and aldermen, chosen at that election, shall serve until the first Monday of December in the year one thousand nine hundred and fifteen. After the year nineteen hundred and ten, and until the Legislature shall otherwise pro- vide, all terms of city, ward, borough, township, and election division officers shall begin on the first Monday of December in an odd-numbered year. All city, ward, borough, and township officers holding office at the date of the approval of these -amendments, whose terms of office may end in the year one thousand nine hundred and eleven, shall continue to hold their offices until the first Mon- day of December of that year. All judges of the courts for the several judicial districts, and also all county officers, holding office at the date of the approval of these amendments, whose terms of office may end in the year one thousand nine hundred and eleven, shall con- tinue to hold their offices until the first Monday of January, one thousand nine hundred and twelve. 38 LEGISLATION PROHIBITED IN PENNSYLVANIA ANALYTIGALLY INDEXED. (59) (60) PROHIBITED LEGISLATION. ADOPTION of children, Local 01 special law authorizing, .. III-7 AGENT, puhlic, Giving extra compensation to, after services shall have been rendered or contract made, 111-11 ALDERMEN, Local or special law regulating the practice or jurisdiction of, or changing the rules of evidence in any judicial proceeding or inquiry before, III-7 ALDERMEN, Regulating the fees or extending the powers and duties of, by local or special law, III-7 ALLEYS, Local or special law authorizing the laying out, opening, altering or maintaining, III-7 ALLEYS, Special or local law vacating, . . : III-7 ALTERATION of charter of corporation existing in 1873, except upon the condition that such corporation shall thereafter hold its charter subject to the provisions of the state constitution XVI-2 AMENDING a law by title only, III-6 AMENDING, renewing or extending charters of corpora- tions by local or special law , III-7 AMENDMENT to charter of corporation existing in 1S73, ex- cept upon condition that such corporation shall there- after hold its charter subject to the provisions of the state constitution , XVI-2 AMENDMENTS to constitution, Authorizing submission of, oftener than once in five years, XVIII-1 APPORTIONMENT, Dividing ward, borough or township in forming senatorial district, II-1G APPORTIONMENT (Representative). Giving district more than four representatives , 11-17 APPORTIONMENT (Senatorial). Dividing county unless en- titled to two or more senators 11-16 APPORTIONMENT (Senatorial). Giving City or county greater representation than one-sixth of whole num- ber of senate , 11-16 APPROPRIATION of money, except for pensions or gratui- ties for military services, to any person or com- munity for charitable, educational, or benevolent pur- poses, or to any denominational or sectarian institu- tion , corporation or association , 111-18 61 PROHIBITED LEGISLATION. APPROPRIATION of money to any charitable or educational institution not under the absolute control of the Com- monwealth, other than State normal schools, ex- cept by a two-thirds vote of all the members elected to each House, II 1-17 APPROPRIATION of school money to sectarian school, .... X-2 ARBITRATORS, Local or special law regulating the practice or jurisdiction of, or changing the rules of evidence in any judicial proceeding or inquiry before, III-7 ARMS, Impairing right of citizens to bear, in defense of themselves . . '. 1-21 ASSOCIATION. See also appropriation. ASSOCIATION, Granting to, by local or special law, the right to law down a railroad track, III-7 ASSOCIATION, Local or special law granting any special or exclusive privilege or immunity to, III-7 ASSUMING the debt, or any part thereof, of any city, county, borough, or township, unless such debt shall have been contracted to enable the State to repel inva- sion, suppress domestic insurrection, defend itself in time of war, or to assist the State in the discharge of any portion of its present indebtedness, IX-9 ATTAINDER, Any law forfeiting estate in case of, 1-19 ATTAINTING any person of treason or felony, 1-18 AUDITORS, Local or special law regulating the practice or jurisdiction of, or changing the rules of evidence in any judicial proceeding or inquiry before, 1 1 1-7 AUTHORIZING any county, city, borough, township, or in- corporated district to become a stockholder in any company, association or corporation, IX-7 AUTHORIZING any county, city, borough, township or incorporated district to obtain or appropriate credit for, or to loan its credit to, any corporation, insti- tution or individual , IX-7 AUTHORIZING by local or special law the adoption or legiti- mation of children, , III-7 AUTHORIZING by local or special law the creation, exten- sion or impairing of liens, III-7 62 PROHIBITED LEGISLATION. AUTHORIZING the investment of trust funds by executors, administrators, guardians or other trustees, in the bonds or stock of any private corporation, 1 1 1-22 AUTHORIZING by local or special law the laying out, open- ing, altering or maintaining, roads, highways, streets or alleys , III-7 BANKING and discounting corporation, Granting charter to, for more than twenty years XVI-11 BOROUGH, Authorizing any, to become a stockholder in any company, association or corporation, 1X-7 BOROUGH, Authorizing any, to obtain or appropriate money for, or to loan its credit to, any corporation, associa- tion, institution or individual, IX-7 BOROUGH limits, Local or special law changing, III-7 BOROUGH, Local or special law prescribing powers and duties of officers in, HI-7 BOROUGH, Any local or special law regulating affairs of, III-7 BOROUGH, new, Any local or special law erecting, III-7 BRIDGE companies, Any special or local law incorporating (except over State boundary streams), III-7 BRIDGES, Any special or local law relating to (except over State boundary streams) , II 1-7 BUILDING or repairing of school houses, Local or special law regulating, or regulating the raising of money for such purposes , 111-7 CEMETERIES (other than State), Any local or special law relating to , . . . 1 1 1-7 CHANGING by local or special law the charter of cities, towns or villages , II1-7 CHANGING county lines by any local or special law, .... II 1-7 CHANGING county seats, by any local or special law, .... III-7 CHANGING by any local or special law the law of descent or succession , III-7 CHANGING by any local or special law the method for the collection of debts , III-7 63 PROHIBITED LEGISLATION. CHANGING the methods for the enforcing of judgments, Loeal or special law, III-7 CHANGING by any local or special law the names of persons or places , III-7 CHANGING by any local or special law the rules of evidence in any judicial proceeding or inquiry before courts, aldermen, justices of the peace, sheriffs, commission- ers, arbitrators, auditors, masters in chancery, or other tribunals , III-7 CHANGING township lines, borough limits or school dis- tricts, by any local or special law , III-7 CHANGING venue in civil or criminal cases by any local or special law , III-7 CHARITABLE or educational institution not under the abso- lute control of the Commonwealth, appropriating money to (other than State normal schools) except by a two-thirds vote of all members elected to each House, 111-17 CHARTER of banking corporation, Granting, for more than twenty years , X VI-11 CHARTER of corporation, Any local or special law amend- ing, renewing or extending, III-7 CHARTER of corporation existing in 1873, Remission of for- feiture of, or alteration of, or amendment to, except on the condition that such corporation shall thereafter hold its charter subject to the provisions of the State Constitution , XVI-2 CHARTERS of cities', towns or villages, Any local or special law changing, III-7 CHILDREN, Any local or special law authorizing the adoption or legitimation of, III-7 CITY, Any local or special law changing charter of, III-7 CITY, Any local or special law incorporating, III-7 CITY, Any local or special law prescribing powers and duties of officers in , III-7 CITY, Any local or special law regulating affairs of, III-7 CITY, Authorizing any, to become stockholder in any com- pany, association or corporation, IX-7 64 PROHIBITED LEGISLATION. CITY, Authorizing any, to obtain or appropriate money for, or to loan its credit to, any corporation, association institution or individual , IX-7 CLAIM against the Commonwealth, providing for the payment of, without previous authority of law, III-ll COLLECTION of debts, Any local or special law providing or changing methods for, III-7 CONDUCTING elections, Any local or special law for, III-7 CONFERRING provisions of a law by title only, III-6 CONSTABLES, Regulating the fees of or extending the powers and duties of, by local or special law, III-7 CONSTITUTION, amendments to, Authorizing submission of, oftener than once in five years, XVIII-1 COMMISSIONERS, Any local or special law regulating the practice or jurisdiction of, or changing the rules of evidence in any judicial proceeding or inquiry be- fore, III-7 COMMUNITY, Appropriating money to, for charitable, edu- cational or benevolent purposes (except for pensions or gratuities for military services) , 111-18 COMPENSATION. See also Salary: Emoluments. COMPENSATION (extra), Any law giving, to any public officer, servant, employe, agent or contractor, after services shall have been rendered or contract made, III-ll COMPENSATION for General Assembly other than salary and mileage , II-8 CONTINUING or creating any State office for the inspec- tion or measuring of any merchandise, manufacture or commodity , 111-27 CONTRACTOR, Giving extra compensation to, after con- tract made or services rendered, III-ll CONTRACTS, Impairing obligation of, 1-17 CORPORATION, Abridging police powers of State so as to permit corporations to infringe equal rights of in- dividuals or the general well-being of the State, .... XVI-3 65 5 PROHIBITED LEGISLATION. CORPORATION, Abridging State's right to take property ami franchises of, for public use by eminent domain, .... XVI-Ji CORPORATION, Abridging State's right to tax, IX-3 CORPORATION, Any law prescribing limitations of time within which suits may be brought against, for in- juries to persons or property, or for other causes different from those fixed by general laws regulating actions against natural persons, J 1 1-2 1 CORPORATION, Any local or special law creating, or amend- ing, renewing, or extending the charters thereof, .. 111-7 CORPORATION, Creating, renewing, or extending charter of more than one, by one law, XVI-10 CORPORATION, Exchanging, transferring, remitting, post- poning, diminishing, or releasing obligation or lia- bility of (held or owned by the Commonwealth) except by payment thereof into the State Treasury, II 1-24 CORPORATION existing in 1873, Remission of forfeiture of charter of, altering or amending charter of, or pas- sage of any general or special law for the benefit of, except upon the condition that such corporation shall thereafter hold its charter subject to the provisions of the State constitution, XVI-2 CORPORATION, Granting by local or special law the right to lay down a railroad track, II 1-7 CORPORATION, Local or special law granting any special or exclusive privilege or immunity to, III-7 CORPORATION with banking and discounting privileges, Granting charter to, for more than twenty years, .. XVI-11 CORRUPTION of blood by reason of attainder, 1-19 COUNTY, Any local or special law prescribing powers aud duties of officers in, 111-7 COUNTY, Any local or special law regulating affairs of, III-7 COUNTY, Authorizing any to become a stockholder in any company, association or corporation, IX-7 66 PROHIBITED LEGISLATION. COUNTY, Authorizing any, to obtain or appropriate money for, or to loan its credit to, any corporation, asso- ciation, institution or individual, IX-7 COUNTY lines, Local or special law changing, III-7 COUNTY (new), Any local or special law erecting, I1T-7 COUNTY (new), Establishment of, having less than four hun- dred square miles or less than twenty thousand in- habitants, XIII-1 COUNTY (new), Establishment of, which shall reduce any county to less than four hundred square miles, or to less than twenty thousand inhabitants, XIII-1 COUNTY (new), Authorizing line of, to pass within ten miles of county seat of county proposed to be divided, .... XIII-1 COUNTY officers, Law recompensing other than by salary, in counties having over one hundred fifty thousand in- habitants XIV-5 COUNTY seats, Any local or special law locating or changing, III-7 COURT, presided over by one or more of the judges of the Su- preme Court, any law establishing, V-21 COURT, exercising powers vested in the judges of the common pleas and orphans' courts, Creation of special, V-20 COURT, Any local or special law regulating the practice or jurisdiction of, or changing the rules of evidence in, any judicial proceeding or inquiry before, III-7 CREATING any State office for the inspection or measuring of any merchandise, manufacture or commodity, .... 111-27 CREATING corporations, or amending, renewing or extending . charters thereof, "by local or special law, III-7 CREATING debt by or on behalf of State, except to supply casual deficiencies of revenue, repel invasions, sup- press insurrection, defend the State in war, or to pay existing debt , c. IX-4 CREATING offices by local or special law, III-7 CREATING, renewing or extending charter of more than one corporation in one law, XVI-10 CREDIT of the Commonwealth , Pledging or loaning to any in- dividual, company, corporation or association IX-6 CRUEL punishments , Inflicting, 1-13 67 PROHIBITED LEGISLATION. DEBT, Creating by or on behalf of State, except to supply casual deficiencies of revenue, repel invasions, sup- press insurrection, defend the State in war, or to pay existing debt , IX- DEBT, Exceeding one million dollars to supply deficiencies in revenue , IX- DEBT, or any part thereof, of any city, county, borough or township, Assuming by the Commonwealth, unless such debt shall have been contracted to enable the State to repel invasion, suppress domestic insurrec- tion, defend itself in time of war, or to assist the State in the discharge of any portion of its present indebtedness , IX- DEBTS, Any local or special law providing or changing meth- ods for collection of, III- DELEGATIXG to any special commission, private corporation or association, any power to make, supervise or in- terfere with any municipal improvement, money, property or effects, whether held in trust or other- wise, or to levy taxes or perform any municipal func- tion whatever, III-2 DENOMINATIONAL or sectarian institution, corporal ion or association, Appropriating money to, III-1 DEPRIVING any person of right of appeal from preliminary assessment of damages for property taken by right of eminent domain , DESCENT, Any local Or special law changing law of, DIMINISHING or increasing salary or emoluments of public officer after his election or appointment, III-l DISABILITY, Estates of persons under, Any local or special law affecting, may be passed only after due notice to all parties in interest, to be recited in the special enactment , III- BISCOIJNTING privileges, Granting for more than twenty years, a charter to any corporation possessing XV I- 1 DISQUALIFICATION to hold office on account of religious sentiments , I- DTSTINCTION (hereditary), See Title of Nobility. DISTRICT. See also Apportionment: School: Election. 68 PROHIBITED LEGISLATION, DISTRICT (incorporated), Authorizing any, to become a stockholder in any company, association or corpora- tion IX-7 DISTRICT (incorporated), Authorizing any, to obtain or appropriate money for, or to loan its credit to, any corporation, association, institution or individual, IX-7 DIVORCES, Any local or special law granting, II 1-7 DUTIES of aldermen, justices of the peace, magistrates or constables, Extending by special or local law, .... 111-7 DUTIES of officers in counties, cities, boroughs, townships, election or school districts, Any local or special law prescribing, III-7 EDUCATIONAL institutions (other than State normal schools) , not under the absolute control of the Com- monwealth, Appropriating money* to, except by a two- thirds vote of all members elected to each House, . . 111-17 EFFECT of judicial sales of real estate, Local or special law prescribing , III-7 ELECTION districts, Local or special law prescribing powers and duties of officers in , III-7 ELECTIONS, Local or special law fixing or changing voting place, III-7 ELECTIONS, Local or special law for opening and conduct- ing, III-7 EMIGRATION from State, Any law prohibiting, 1-25 EMINENT DOMAIN, Abridging State's right of, so as to pre- vent the State from taking the property of corpo- rations for public use, XVI-3 EMINENT DOMAIN, Depriving any person of right of ap- peal from preliminary assessment of damages for prop- erty taken by right of, XVI-8 EMOLUMENTS. See also Compensation: Salary. EMOLUMENTS or salary of public officer, Increasing or diminishing after his election or appointment, 111-13 EMPLOYE, public, Giving extra compensation to, after ser- vices shall have been rendered, III-ll 69 PROHIBITED LEGISLATION. ENFORCING of judgments, Local or special legislation pro- viding or changing methods for, III-7 ERECTING new counties by local or special law, III-7 ERECTING new townships or boroughs by local or special law, III-7 ESTABLISHMENT of new county having less than four hun- dred square miles or less than twenty thousand in- habitants , - XIII-1 ESTABLISHMENT of new county which shall reduce any county to less than four hundred square miles or to less than twenty thousand inhabitants, XIII-1 ESTATES of minors or persons under disability, Local or special law affecting, may be passed only after due notice to all parties in interest, to be recited in the special enactment, III-7 EVIDENCE in any judicial proceeding or inquiry before courts, aldermen, justices of the peace, sheriffs, com- missioners, arbitrators, auditors, masters in chan- cery or other tribunals, Local or special law chang- ing rules of, III-7 EXCESSIVE fines, Imposing, 1-13 EXCHANGING, transferring, remitting, postponing, or dimi Ishing the obligation or liability of any railroad or oi ler corporation held or owned by the Common- wealth or releasing same except by payment into the State Treasury, 111-24 EXCLUSIVE privilege or immunity to any corporation, association, or individual, Local or special law grant- ing, III-7 EXEMPTING, by local or special law, property from taxa- tion III-7 EXEMPTING property from taxation, other than public property used for public purposes, actual places of religious worship, places of burial not used or held for private or corporate profit, and institutions of purely public charity , ; IX-2 EX POST facto laws, 1-17 EXTENDING, by local or special law, the powers and duties of aldermen, justices of the peace, magistrates or con- stables, ITT-7 70 PROHIBITED LEGISLATION. EXTENDING charter of more than one corporation by one law, XVI-10 EXTENDING charters of corporation by local or special law, III-7 EXTENDING provisions of a law by title only, III-6 EXTENDING the term of any public officer, or increase or diminish his salary or emoluments after his election or appointment , 111-13 EXTRA compensation, Giving to any public officer, servant, employe, agent or contractor, after services shall have been rendered or contract made, III-ll FEES of aldermen, justices of the peace, magistrates or con- stables, Regulating by local or special law, III-7 FELONY, Attainting any person of, 1-18 FERRIES, Any special or local law relating to, III-7 FERRY companies, Any special or local law incorporating, . . III-7 FINES , Imposing excessive , 1-13 FINES, Any local or special law remitting, III-7 FIXING, by local or special law, the rate of interest, III-7 FIXING place of voting, by local or special law, III-7 FORFEITING estate in case of attainder or suicide, 1-19 FORFEITURE of charter of corporation existing in 1873, Re- mission of, except upon the condition that such cor- poration shall thereafter hold its charter subject to the provisions of the State constitution, XVI-2 FORFEITURES, Any local or special law remitting, III-7 FORMATION of new county having less than four hundred square miles or twenty thousand inhabitants, XII 1-1 FREEDOM of press, Restraining, 1-7 GRANTING, by local or special law, to any corporation, association, or individual any special or exclusive privilege or immunity, or to any corporation, associa- tion or individual the right to lay dawn a railroad track, III-7 GRANTING divorces by local or special law, III-7 71 PROHIBITED LEGISLATION. GRANTING powers or privileges in any case where the grant- ing of such powers and privileges shall have been pro- vided for by general law, or where the courts have jurisdiction to grant the same or give the relief asked for, III-7 GRAVEYARDS (other than state), Local or special law re- lating to, III-7 HEREDITARY distinction. See Title of nobility. HIGHWAYS, Any local or special law authorizing the laying out, opening, altering or maintaining, . III-7 INDIVIDUAL, Granting to, by local or special law, the right to lay down a railroad track, III-7 INDIVIDUAL, Any local or special law granting any special or exclusive privilege or immunity to, III-7 INCORPORATED DISTRICT, Authorizing any, to become a stockholder in any company, association or corpora- tion, IX-7 INCORPORATED DISTRICT, Authorizing any, to obtain or appropriate money for, or to loan its credit to, any corporation, association, institution or individual, IX-7 INCORPORATING cities, towns or villages by local or special law, III-7 INCORPORATING ferry or bridge companies by local or spe- cial law , III-7 INCREASE. See Salary. INCREASING or diminishing salary or emoluments of public officer after his election or appointment, 111-13 INJURIES resulting in death or injuries to persons or prop- erty, Limiting the amount to be recovered for, 111-21 IMMUNITY. See also Privileges. IMMUNITY, special or exclusive, to any corporation, asso- ciation or individual, Local or special law granting, . III-7 IMPAIRING obligation of contracts 1-17 IMPOSING duties on Supreme Court or any of the judges thereof, except such as are judicial, V-21 2 PROHIBITED LEGISLATION. INQUIRY before courts, aldermen, justices of the peace, sheriffs, commissioners, arbitrators, auditors, mas- ters in chancery, or other tribunal, Local or special law regulating the practice or jurisdiction of, or changing the rules of evidence in, III-7 INSPECTION or measuring of any merchandise, manufacture or commodity, Continuing or creating any State office for, HI-27 INTEREST, rate of, Fixing by local or special law, III-7 INVESTMENT of money of sinking fund, Law authorizing, in anything except bonds of the United States or of this State, IX-12 INVESTMENT of trust funds by executors, administrators, guardians, or trustees in the bonds or stock of any private corporation, Any law authorizing, 111-22 JOINT owner in any company, association, or corporation, Causing the Commonwealth to become, IX-6 JUDGES. See also Court. JUDGES, Giving compensation, fees or perquisites to, other than stated salary, V-18 JUDGMENTS, Local or special legislation providing or changing methods of enforcing, III-7 JUDICIAL proceeding before courts, aldermen, justices of the peace, sheriffs, commissioners, arbitrators, auditors, masters in chancery, or other tribunal, Local or special law regulating practice or jurisdiction of, or changing the rules of evidence in, III-7 JURISDICTION of any judicial proceeding or inquiry before courts, aldermen, justices of the peace, sheriffs, com- missioners, arbitrators, auditors, masters in chancery or other tribunal, Local or special, law regu- lating, . III-7 JURY, Preventing trial by, 1-6 JUSTICES OF THE PEACE, Local or special law regulating the practice or jurisdiction of, or changing the rules of evidence in any judicial proceeding or inquiry be- fore, III-7 73 PROHIBITED LEGISLATION. JUSTICES OF THE PEACE. Regulating the fees or extend- the powers and duties of, by local or special law, .. 11 1-7 LABOR, Any local or special law regulating, III-7 LEGITIMATION of children, Any local or special law au- thorizing, III-7 LIABILITY of any railroad or other corporation, held or owned by the Commonwealth, exchanging, transfer- ring, remitting, postponing, diminishing, or releas- ing, except by payment thereof into the State Treas- ury, HI-24 LIENS, Creation, extension or impairing of by local or spe- cial law, III-7 LIMITATIONS of time within which suits may be brought against corporations for injuries to persons or prop- erty, or for other causes different from those fixed by general laws regulating actions against natural per- sons, Any law prescribing the, 111-21 LIMITING the amount to be recovered for injuries resulting in death or for injuries to persons or property, 111-21 LIMITS of borough, Any local or special law changing, .. III-7 LOANING or pledging the credit of the Commonwealth to any individual, company, corporation, or association, IX-G LOCAL laws. (See particular subject). LOCAL or special law, Enacting by partial repeal of a gen- eral law, III-7 LOCATING or changing county seats by local or special law, III-7 MAGISTRATES, Regulating the fees or extending the powers and duties of, by local or special law, III-7 MANUFACTURING, Any local or special law regulating,.. III-7 MASTERS in chancery, Local or special law regulating prac- tice or jurisdiction of, or changing the rules of evi- dence in any judicial proceeding or inquiry before,.. III-7 MEASURING of any merchandise, manufacture or commo- dity, Continuing or creating any State office for, . . 111-27 METHODS for the collection of debts, Local or special law providing or changing, III-7 74 PROHIBITED LEGISLATION. MILEAGE. See Salary. MINING, Any local or special law regulating III-7 MINORS, Local or special law affecting estates of, may be passed only after due notice to all parties in interest, to be recited in the special enactment, III-7 MONEYS legally paid into the treasury, Refunding by local or special law , III-7 MONEYS of the sinking fund, Authorizing investment in any- thing except bonds of the United States or this State, IX-12 MUNICIPALITY. See Borough; City; County; Township. NAMES of persons or places, Any local or special law chang- ing HI-7 NEW borough, Any local or special law erecting, III-7 NEW counties, Any local or special law erecting, III-7 NEW county, Establishment of which shall reduce any county to less than four hundred square miles or to less than twenty thousand inhabitants, XIII-1 NEW county, Formation of, having less than four hundred square miles or less than twenty thousand inhabitants, XIII-1 NEW county, Authorizing line of, to pass within ten miles t of county seat of county proposed to be divided, XIII-1 NEW township, Any local or special law erecting, III-7 OBLIGATION or liability of any railroad or other corpora- tion, held or owned by the Commonwealth, exchang- ing, transferring, remitting, postponing, diminishing or releasing except by payment thereof into the State Treasury, 111-24 OFFICE, Creating any, to which appointment shall be for longer period than good behavior, 1-24 OFFICER, public, Extending term of, or increasing or dimin- ishing his salary or emoluments, after his election or appointment , 111-13 OFFICER, public, Giving extra compensation to, after ser- vices shall have been rendered , III-ll 75 PROHIBITED LEGISLATION. OFFICERS in counties, cities, boroughs, townships, election or school districts, Local or special law prescribing powers and duties of, III- OFFICERS, Any local or special law creating, III- OPENING and conducting elections, Any local or special law for, III- ORIGINAL JURISDICTION. See Supreme Court. PARTIAL repeal of a general law, Enacting local or special by, Ill- PAYMENT of any claim against the Commonwealth, Pro- viding for, without previous authority of law, PENALTIES, Any local or special law remitting, PERSON, Appropriating any money to, for charitable, educa- cational or benevolent purposes (except for pensions or gratuities for military services) , PERSONS, Changing names of, by local or special law, .. PERSONS under disability, Local or special law affecting estates of, may be passed only after due notice to all parties in interest, to be recited in the special enact- ment , PETITION for redress of grievances, Impairing right of, .... PLACES, Changing names of, by local or special law, .... PLATS , town , Any special or local law vacating , PLEDGING or loaning credit of Commonwealth to any indi- vidual, company, corporation or association, IX-G POLICE powers of State, Abridging, so as to permit corpora- tions to infringe rights of individuals or the well- being of the State, XVI-3 POSTPONING the obligation or liability of any railroad or other corporation, held or owned by the Common- wealth, 111-24 POWERS and duties of aldermen, justices of the peace, mag- istrates or constables, Extending by local or special law, III-7 76 PROHIBITED LEGISLATION. POWERS and duties of officers in counties, cities, boroughs, townships, election or school districts, Any special or local law prescribing, III-7 POWERS and privileges, Any law granting, where the grant- ing of such powers and privileges shall have been pro- vided for by general law or where the courts have jur- isdiction to grant the same or give the relief asked for, III-7 PRACTICE of any judicial proceeding or inquiry before courts, aldermen, justices of the peace, sheriffs, commissioners, arbitrators, auditors, masters in chancery or other tribunal, Local or special law regulating, , III-7 PRESCRIBING any limitations of time within which suits may be brought against corporations for injuries to persons or property, or for other causes different from those fixed by general laws, regulating actions against natural persons , 111-21 PRESCRIBING by local or special law, the effect of judicial sales of real estate, III-7 PRESCRIBING the powers and duties of officers in counties, cities, boroughs, townships, election or school dis- tricts, Local or special law, III-7 PRESS , Restraining freedom of, 1-7 PRIVILEGES, special or exclusive, Local or special law, granting to any corporation, association or indi- vidual III-7 PRIVILEGES and immunities, special, Irrevocable grants of, 1-17 PRIVILEGES and* powers, Any law granting, where the granting of such powers and privileges shall have been provided for by general law, or where the courts have jurisdiction to grant the same or give the relief asked for, III-7 PROCEEDING, judicial, before any courts, aldermen, jus- tices of the peace, sheriffs, commisioners, arbitra- tors, auditors, masters in chancery or other tri- bunals, Local or special law regulating practice or jurisdiction of, or changing the rules of evidence in, III-7 77 PROHIBITED LEGISLATION. PROPERTY, Any local or special law exempting from taxa- tion , PROVIDING for the payment of any claim against the Com- monwealth without previous authority of law, PROVIDING or changing methods for the collection of debts, Local or special legislation , PROVIDING or changing methods for the enforcing of judg- ments, Local or special legislation, PUBLIC grounds (other than State), Any local or special law relating to , PUBLIC officer, Extending term of, or increasing or dimin- ishing his salary or emoluments, after his election or appointment , PUBLIC officer, Giving extra compensation to, after services shall have been rendered , PUBLIC school moneys, Appropriating to any sectarian school , PUBLIC schools, Regulating the management of, by local or special law , , PUNISHMENTS, Inflicting cruel, RAILROAD, obligation or liability of, held or owned by the Commonwealth, Exchanging, transferring, remitting, postponing, diminishing, or releasing, except by pay- ment thereof into the State Treasury, RAILROAD track, Local or special law granting to any cor- poration, association, or individual the right to lay, RAISING of money for building or repairing school houses, Local or special law regulating, RATE of interest, Fixing by local or special law, REAL ESTATE, Local or special law prescribing effect of judicial sales of, REAL ESTATE, Local or special law exempting from taxa- tion , ' REFUNDING by special or local law moneys legally paid into the treasury, .' 78 PROHIBITED LEGISLATION. REGULATING affairs of counties, cities, townships, wards, boroughs, or school districts, Special or local legis- lation, HI-7 REGULATING by local or special law, the management of public schools, the building or repairing of school houses, and the raising of money for such purposes, 11 1-7 REGULATING labor, trade, mining or manufacturing, by local or special law, ,...-.. III-7 REGULATING the fees or extending the powers and duties of aldermen, justices of the peace, magistrates or consta- bles, by local or special law, III-7 REGULATING the practice or jurisdiction of any judicial proceeding or inquiry before courts, aldermen, jus- tices of the peace, sheriffs, commisisoners, arbitra- tors, auditors, masters in chancery or other tri- bunals, Local or special law, III-7 RELEASING obligation or liability of any railroad or other corporation held or owned by the Commonwealth, except by payment thereof into the State Treasury, 111-24 RELIGION, Giving preference to any particular, 1-3 RELIGIOUS SENTIMENTS, Any law disqualifying a per- son to hold office on account of, 1-4 REMITTING fines, penalties and forfeitures by local or spe- cial law, III-7 REMITTING forfeiture of charter of corporation (existing in 1873) except upon the condition that such corpora- tion shall thereafter hold its charter subject to the pro- visions of the State Constitution, „. ■ XVI-2 REMITTING the obligation or liability of any railroad or other corporation, held or owned by the Common- wealth , 111-24 RENEWING charter of more than one corporation by one law, XVI-10 RENEWING charters of corporations by local or special law, III-7 REPAIRING school houses, Local or special law regulating or regulating the raising of money for such purposes, II 1-7 REPEAL, partial, of general law, Enacting local or special law by, , HI-7 79 PROHIBITED LEGISLATION. REPRESENTATIVES, apportionment of. See apportionment. REVIVING a law by title only, III-6 RIGHT of citizens to assemble peaceably and petition for re- dress of grievances, Any law impairing, 1-20 ROADS, Any local or special law authorizing the laying out, opening, altering or maintaining, III-7 ROADS, Any special or local law A^acating, III-7 RULES of evidence in any judicial proceeding or inquiry before courts, aldermen, justices of the peace, sheriffs, com- missioners, arbitrators, auditors, masters in chan- cery, or other tribunal, Local or special law changing, II 1-7 SALARY. See also Compensation ; Emoluments. SALARY or emoluments of public officer, Increasing or dimin- ishing after his election or appointment, 1 11-13 SALARY or mileage, Granting increase of, to member of Assembly during his term, II-8 SALES (judicial) of real estate, Local or special law prescrib- ing the effect of, III-7 SCHOOL districts, Local or special law changing, III-7 SCHOOL districts, Any local or special law prescribing powers and duties of officers in, III-7 SCHOOL districts, Any local or special law regulating affairs of, III-7 SCHOOL houses, Any local or special law regulating the build- ing or repairing, and the raising of money for such purposes , III-7 SCHOOL, money. Appropriating to any sectarian school, .. X-2 SCHOOLS, public, Regulating the management of, by local or special law , III-7 SECTARIAN or denominational instiution, corporation or association, Appropriating money to, 111*28 SENATORIAL apportionment. See apportionment (sena- torial). SERVANT, public, Giving extra compensation to, after ser- vices shall have been rendered , III-ll 80 PROHIBITED LEGISLATION. SHERIFFS, Local or special law regulating the practice or jurisdiction of, or changing the rules of evidence in any judicial proceeding or inquiry before, III-7 SINKING FUND, Law authorizing investment of money be- longing to, in anything except bonds of the United States or of this State, IX-12 SINKING FUND, Using or applying any part of, otherwise than in the extinguishment of the public debt, except in case of war, invasion or insurrection, IX-11 SOLDIERS, Quartering in any house without consent of owner, 1-23 SPECIAL COURTS exercising powers of judges of courts of common pleas and orphans' courts, Creation of , . . . V-26 SPECIAL LAWS. See particular subject. SPECIAL or exclusive privilege or immunity, Local or special law granting, to any corporation , association or in- dividual III-7 SPECIAL or LOCAL LAW, Enacting by partial repeal of a general law , III-7 SPECIAL PRIVILEGES and IMMUNITIES, Irrevocable grants of , 1-17 SPECIAL SESSION, Legislation upon subjects not desig- nated in the proclamation of the Governor calling such session , 111-25 STOCKHOLDER in any company, association or corpora- tion, Any law authorizing any county, city, borough, township or incorporated district to become, IX-7 STOCKHOLDER in any company, association or corpora- tion, Causing the Commonwealth to become, IX-6 STREETS, Any local or special law authorizing the laying out, opening, altering or maintaining, III-7 STREETS, Any special or local law vacating, III-7 SUCCESSION, Any local or special law changing law of,.. III-7 SUFFRAGE, Preventing free exercise of right of, 1-5 SUICIDE, Forfeiting estate in case of 1-19 81 6 PROHIBITED LEGISLATION. SUPREME COURT, Giving original jurisdiction to, other than enumerated in Sec. 3, Art. V, of the Constitu- tion, viz. in cases of injunction where a corporation is party defendant, of habeas corpus, of mandamus to courts of inferior jurisdiction, and of quo war- ranto as to all officers of the Commonwealth whose jurisdiction extends over the State, V-3 SUPREME COURT, Giving power of appointment to, other than as provided in the Constitution, V-21 SUPREME COURT, Imposing duties on, except such as are judicial, V-21 SURRENDERING the power to fax corporations and cor- porate property, by any contract or grant to which the State shall be a party, IX-3 SUSPENDING the power of the State to tax corporations and corporate property, by any contract or grant to which the State shall be a party, IX-3 TAXATION. See also Corporation. TAXATION, Exemption of property from, other than public property used for public purposes, actual places of religious worship, places of burial not used or held for private or corporate profit, and institutions of purely local charity, IX-2 TAXATION, Any local or special law exempting property from III-7 TERM of public officer, Extending after his election or ap- pointment, 111-13 TITLE of nobility or hereditary distinction, Granting of, .. 1-24 TOWN plats, Any special or local law vacating, Ill- 7 TOWNS, Any local or special law changing charter of, .... III-7 TOWNS, Local or special law incorporating, III-7 TOWNSHIP, Any local or special law prescribing powers and duties of officers in , III-7 TOWNSHIP, Any local or special law regulating affairs of, III-7 TOWNSHIP, Authorizing any, to become a stockholder in any company, association or corporation IX-7 82 PROHIBITED LEGISLATION. TOWNSHIP, Authorizing any, to obtain or appropriate money for, or to loan its credit to, any corporation, association or individual, lX- r < TOWNSHIP lines, Any local or special law changing, III-7 TOWNSHIP (new), Any local or special law erecting, .... III-7 TRACK, railroad, Local or special law granting to any cor- poration, association, or individual the right to lay, III-7 TRADE, Any local or special law regulating, III-7 TRANSFERRING the obligation or liability of any railroad or other corporation, held or owned by the Common- wealth, 111-24 TREASON, Attainting any person of, 1-18 TREASURY, Refunding by local or special law moneys legally paid into , III-7 TRIAL by jury, Preventing, 1-6 TRIBUNALS, Local or special law regulating the practice or jurisdiction of, or changing the rules of evidence in any judicial proceeding or inquiry before, III-7 TRUST funds, Authorizing the investment of, by executors, administrators, guardians or trustees in the bonds or stock of any private corporation, 111-22 USING or applying any part of sinking fund otherwise than in the extinguishment of the public debt, except in case of war, invasion or insurrection, IX-11 VACATING roads, town plats, streets or alleys by special or local law, i . . , III-7 VENUE in civil or criminal cases, Local or special law chang- ing, III-7 VILLAGES, Local or special law changing charter of, III-7 VILLAGES, Local or special law incorporating, III-7 VOTING PLACE, Any special or local law fixing or changing, III-7 WARDS, Any local or special law regulating affairs of, III-7 WORSHIP, Giving preference to any particular mode of, .... 1-3 83 > (84) GENERAL INDEX. (S5 (8