TO ALL THE 
 WORLD 
 
 (EXCEPT GERMANY) 
 
 A. E. STILWELU
 
 X A. \
 
 TO ALL THE WORLD 
 
 (EXCEPT GERMANY) 
 
 OF CALIF. LIBRARY. LOS ANGELES
 
 THE WAR AND THE BALKANS 
 
 By NOEL BUXTON, M.P., 
 
 AND 
 
 CHARLES RODEN BUXTON 
 Crown 8vo. 2/6 net 
 
 This book answers the questions which every one is 
 asking to-day about the Balkans. The authors spent 
 four months in the Balkan States since the outbreak of 
 the war. 
 
 FREDERICK THE GREAT AND HIS 
 SEVEN YEARS WAR 
 
 By RONALD A. HILL, C.C.S. 
 Crown Svo. With n Plans, */6 net 
 
 The translation for the first time into English of 
 Frederick's own account of this war reveals in his own 
 words that Prussian militarism caused the former world- 
 war which bears such striking resemblance to that of our 
 own times. 
 
 LONDON : GEORGE ALLEN & UNWIN LTD.
 
 TO ALL THE WORLD 
 
 (EXCEPT GERMANY) 
 
 ARTHUR EDWARD STILWELL 
 
 AUTHOR OF "UNIVERSAL PEACE WAR IS MESMERISM," 
 'CONFIDENCE, OR NATIONAL SUICIDE," "CANNIBALS OF FINANCE," ETC. 
 
 LONDON: GEORGE ALLEN & UNWIN LTD. 
 RUSKIN HOUSE 40 MUSEUM STREET, W.C.
 
 First published in 1915 
 
 (All rights reserved)
 
 TO 
 
 ALBERT, KING OF THE BELGIANS 
 
 AND 
 
 HENRY FORD 
 OF 
 
 DETROIT, MICHIGAN 
 THIS BOOK IS DEDICATED 
 
 But for the heroic stand of King Albert and his 
 brave and loyal army, the pages of history might 
 have recorded an overwhelming victory for Germany, 
 and militarism would have been in domination of 
 the world for years to come. 
 
 Henry Ford I believe to be one of the great forces 
 for the uplift of mankind in America. Mr. Ford 
 understands to a wonderful degree the real brother- 
 hood of man. Behind the discord and criminality of 
 evil habits, he sees the real man, and believes that if 
 the proper chord in human nature be struck it will 
 vibrate sympathetically. Were the Master on earth 
 again to-day he would find in Mr. Ford material for 
 one of His disciples in the redemption of the world. 
 
 2133428
 
 CONTENTS 
 
 PAGE 
 
 INTRODUCTORY ...... 9 
 
 THE WORLD'S SHOP WINDOW . . . -24 
 
 POINTING THE WAY . . . . -29 
 
 THE BROTHERHOOD OF MAN . . . 51 
 
 THE GREAT TRAGEDY . . . -59 
 
 CALLING ON GOD AND ALLAH . . . -7 
 
 WAR is MESMERISM . . . . .82 
 
 The Mesmerism of Size . . . .89 
 
 War Mesmerism as a Real Disease . 92 
 
 The Mesmerism of War Indemnities . . 96 
 
 The Spectacles of Mesmerism . . .100 
 
 TRUDGING THE ROAD TO GOODNESS KNOWS WHERE . 102 
 
 THE HORRORS OF WAR . . . .109 
 
 A Hedge of Human Heads 800 Miles Long . 1 1 1 
 
 4,800 Miles of Human Bodies . ,\. . 112 
 
 4,800 Miles of Widows and Orphans . . 113 
 
 Two Hundred Million Years of Life . -US 
 
 7
 
 Contents 
 
 PAG 
 
 THE AWFUL COST . I21 
 
 Financial . I21 
 
 Individual . '3 
 
 The Patient Women *33 
 
 THE FOOLISHNESS OF WAR . 1 3% 
 
 The Army of Hate . 1 3 8 
 
 Interest Payment on Corpses and Ghosts . .146 
 
 Armed Peace . M7 
 
 NEEDED REFORMS . 15 
 
 The Hague Tribunal . . . 15 
 
 The Secretary of Peace . . 159 
 
 A Coincidence . . . . .161 
 
 Free Trade . . . . .163 
 
 Limited Naval Construction . . .165 
 
 Limited Armies . . . . .169 
 
 Registration of Companies at The Hague . .172 
 
 Saving International Investments . . . 178 
 
 An International Flag . . . .181 
 
 State Control of Armament Works . . 187 
 
 The Spy System . . . . -191 
 
 A Neutral Language . . . .198 
 
 Woman's Suffrage . . . . .211 
 
 CHRISTIANITY AND WAR . . . .216 
 
 Is THIS MUTINY? . . . . .223 
 
 A CHRISTMAS CARD . . . . .227 
 
 THE PEN v. THE SWORD . ,. . - 233 
 
 CONCLUSION . . .. . 244
 
 TO ALL THE WORLD 
 
 (EXCEPT GERMANY) 
 
 Introductory 
 
 THIS book is not written as a history of the 
 war ; the pages of the daily papers supply 
 that. It matters not what the Blue Book or 
 the White Paper of England may say, or the 
 Orange Book of Russia, or the Grey Book of 
 Belgium, or the Red Book of Germany, regard- 
 ing the origins of the war. Without reference 
 to these indisputable proofs, the world has 
 accepted the obvious fact that the present war 
 was " made in Germany," and it is from the 
 world's point of view that this book is con- 
 ceived. Its purpose is to expose the foolish- 
 ness and horror of war, and to attempt to indi- 
 cate the paths of peace where the nations may 
 safely walk in future years. The author has 
 striven so to present the idea of peace as to 
 arouse in the minds of the people of all nations 
 9
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 a deep desire to assist in the abolition of war. 
 War is a disease or mesmerism, and every, 
 argument and every illustration has here been 
 used to prove this thesis : arguments and 
 appeals to the higher instincts of man, to his 
 religious instincts, if he have any, and, on the 
 material plane, to his selfish instincts. 
 
 War is madness. No language is adequate 
 to convey even an idea of the aftermath of 
 this present war. Future history alone can 
 demonstrate its utter futility. The flower of 
 the great nations will fall. Billions and billions 
 of debt will be incurred, with nothing to show 
 for the outlay. Billions will be lost in the 
 destruction of property and in the loss of trade. 
 Rich men will be made poor, and poor men 
 will be in want. The Empire of Germany, 
 that was making such rapid strides in all com- 
 mercial, mercantile, and economic pursuits, will 
 be universally execrated, and its name, which 
 has shone so brightly in the light of progress 
 and construction, will now be tarnished by the 
 miasma of retrogression. The label which 
 we have been so accustomed to see, Made in 
 Germany, will no longer be a help to the 
 manufacturer or the salesman of that country, 
 but rather a direct drawback. 
 
 This book is addressed to the world, with 
 10
 
 Introductory 
 
 the exclusion of Germany. She is the outlaw 
 nation ; and no country (even Austria, or what 
 is left of her) will desire her friendship. As 
 for the Turks, the name of Germany will prob- 
 ably stink in their nostrils for many years to 
 come. Their 'Holy War, of German manufac- 
 ture, has been a complete failure in all the 
 Mohammedan world, as it was doomed to be 
 from the start, and their reward will no doubt 
 be their removal from the map of Europe a 
 consummation devoutly, to be wished, Egypt 
 could not be expected to show any desire to 
 arrest the excellent progress she was making 
 under English protection and to return to the 
 misrule which would be her lot under the Cres- 
 cent. No people have benefited more from 
 British protection than the people of Egypt, 
 and whatever Egypt is to-day she owes to 
 England. The great irrigation works covering 
 the productive areas of the Nile, the numerous 
 public improvements, the railroads, liberal edu- 
 cationall were furnished by English money, 
 and have brought Egypt into the greatest era 
 of prosperity that her history can show. 
 
 " Whom the gods would destroy they first 
 
 make mad " ; when mad, the victim is filled 
 
 with malice and revenge, and is susceptible 
 
 to every evil mesmeric influence. All that he 
 
 1 1
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 sees while in this state is but a phantasmagoria, 
 and his malady is as contagious as the most 
 dreaded plague. The virus to combat this 
 madness is peace ideals and peace talk ; the 
 steadfast acceptance of the truth of peace by 
 the public mind; a world-wide peace army. 
 The most complete organization that this world 
 has ever seen must now arise. Its propaganda 
 should implant in every heart, great and simple, 
 young and old, the recognition of the brother- 
 hood of man, the United States of the world. 
 It should appeal to the religious instincts, the 
 humanitarian instincts, and to the pocket-book. 
 Man should be taught that he is a citizen of 
 the world, and that, woven and interwoven in 
 all material and individual life, is this scheme 
 of dependence of each on each, of which he 
 is a part ; that the pain and destruction of war 
 directly and indirectly affects him, no matter 
 in what part of the world he may be ; and that 
 it is the duty of every individual to combat the 
 ideas and instincts of war as the greatest enemy 
 of mankind. 
 
 The world needs an immediate launching of 
 this vast propaganda with all the ability and 
 power of man behind it, since, after this war, 
 there can be no middle path for us to tread ; 
 we must take one of two either that of 
 12
 
 Introductory 
 
 militarism on the largest scale ever known, 
 with annually, increasing burdens of debt, and, 
 in the end, a bankrupt world ; or limited 
 armies, a cessation of naval construction, and 
 years of peace in which the nations may re- 
 cuperate from this vast expenditure of energy, 
 endurance, and gold. No rational person 
 would wish to live to see the present epoch 
 repeated ; nor would they wish their children 
 or their children's children exposed to such a 
 state of affairs, the true horrors of which are 
 literally beyond conception. This insane act 
 on the part of Germany has complicated and 
 almost paralysed all the interdependent 
 machinery, of commerce and banking ; and, 
 but for the masterful way, in which the situa- 
 tion was handled by the English Government 
 and the banking interests, this paralysis would 
 not have passed away as quickly as it did. 
 For a while it seemed that the fate of all crea- 
 tion was hanging in the balance, and the rapid 
 advance of the German army spread a world- 
 wide and fearful impression that militarism had 
 come to stay, and that all contracts would be 
 surrendered to the demands of the cannon and 
 the shell, and that the " scrap of paper " policy 
 was to be a permanent institution. 
 
 But the stumbling-block put in its way by 
 13
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 Belgium's heroic king and his valiant army, 
 helped to arrest this carefully-planned trium- 
 phal march to Paris. William the Destructive 
 under -estimated the stubborn strength of the 
 Belgian. He anticipated an easy march to 
 Paris and a return to Berlin with several 
 billions of French gold, in the manner of his 
 grandfather in the seventies. No doubt the 
 Crown Prince, too, was anticipating the 
 assumption of this role when he should have 
 reached the throne. The second unexpected 
 obstacle was the " contemptible " army of 
 England, the ruler of the sea, the greatest 
 colonizing force the world has ever seen or 
 ever will see. The German Government had 
 assumed that nothing more would be expected 
 of them than an admission from their Chan- 
 cellor that their violation of Belgium was con- 
 trary to international law, accompanied by an 
 apology to the same effect. Again they were 
 mistaken. England does not consider con- 
 tracts as " scraps of paper," and the whole 
 world is indebted to her for her swift inter- 
 vention when the soil of Belgium was violated 
 and France threatened with extinction. With 
 one concerted movement the British Empire 
 dropped all differences and closed in ; the 
 children of the Mother Country responded with
 
 Introductory 
 
 men and money, and will continue to respond 
 until the end ; and all parts of the world 
 covered by the British flag offered themselves 
 with unanimity of action and purpose for the 
 salvation of Belgium and the freedom of the 
 world. The wounds in Ireland, which Ger- 
 many had imagined incurable, healed them- 
 selves at once. The Ulster question finished 
 in a day, and the United Kingdom was, in every 
 sense of the word, united. 
 
 For Germany to say that England desired 
 war is a palpable lie, and a very clumsy one 
 at that, since England was totally unprepared. 
 It was only the organizing genius of Lord 
 Kitchener, recalled, at the eleventh hour, from 
 his departure for Egypt, that made it at all pos- 
 sible for her to send to the Continent that first 
 contingent of men who, in the superb retreat 
 from Mons, smashed the German time-table. 
 Without Kitchener and his able lieutenants, 
 who created an army out of nothing, von Kluck 
 would have had the walk-over that he antici- 
 pated. Von Kluck and the rest of the German 
 Staff were not compelled, at a moment's notice, 
 to create a defensive army. They had been 
 preparing for war for twenty years. The 
 coming Armageddon was the sole topic of its 
 Navy League, and numerous books were 
 15
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 written outlining just what would occur (in- 
 cluding the march through Belgium), and were 
 endorsed with the approval of the Kaiser and 
 the Crown Prince, who recommended their 
 universal circulation. Throughout Belgium 
 have been found evidences of all kinds that 
 its violation was premeditated ; and the prin- 
 ciples advocated by, von der Goltz, Bernhardi, 
 Treitschke, Kraft, and others, are in themselves 
 a witness and a condemnation. 
 
 Now we will consider one of the prime 
 causes of warfare between nations that have 
 differences to settle. There is no court before 
 which they can state their cases. If individuals 
 in any nation have differences, they seldom 
 think of any. means of adjusting these dif- 
 ferences except by appeal to their courts ; no 
 government would ever allow its citizens to 
 arm themselves and settle their quarrels by, 
 bloodshed, though, if there were no court of 
 adjudication, it is probable that they would 
 resort to these primitive measures. Boun- 
 daries, however, seem to exercise a baleful 
 influence upon the minds of men, and lack of 
 a neutral language leaves the people of the 
 adjoining countries with no means of express- 
 ing themselves or understanding one another. 
 In this way they are helpless against the machi- 
 16
 
 Introductory 
 
 nations of their leaders, and are easily, swayed 
 by the newspapers and the public platform. 
 
 Take a nation with an area so vast as that 
 of Russia or the United States . Either of these 
 countries is greater than all of the other Euro- 
 pean countries. Yet in these immense terri- 
 tories the courts hold sway, and their decrees 
 are backed by the officials of the land and are 
 respected by all litigants. Now divide this 
 country into, we will say, a dozen different 
 countries, and in a few years differences and 
 jealousies would arise that would probably 
 result in war. Russia possesses 8,647,000 
 square miles, equalling 1,400 nations of the 
 size of Montenegro ; and if it were split into 
 1,400 countries the result would be about 
 twenty-five wars going on continuously, since 
 there would be no common court of appeal, 
 and only, the force of arms with which to settle 
 disputes. The absence of national boundaries 
 in this vast tract leaves the courts in absolute 
 control ; and it is just these boundaries which 
 affect the mind of man, as a red flag affects 
 a bull. 
 
 Some feasible plan must therefore be devised 
 
 whereby nations may carry their differences to 
 
 court. By, this means force of arms would 
 
 gradually pass away, and all arguments would 
 
 17 B
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 be settled as amicably as were those of Norway 
 and Sweden. But such a tribunal, if created, 
 must be backed by an organization strong 
 enough to enforce its decrees ; otherwise its 
 verdicts will be, if nations choose so to regard 
 them, just "scraps of paper." It must police 
 the world, when needed, as the streets of every, 
 civilized town are policed. It must, when 
 needed, force peace upon belligerents, as the 
 international army forced peace in the Boxer 
 Rebellion, and as it should now be forced in 
 Mexico . 
 
 No nation that has used the money of 
 another nation for its development should be 
 allowed to ruin those whose money, under 
 tempting promises, has been entrusted to them. 
 Investors all over the world, before they en- 
 trust their money to new countries and new 
 enterprises, should enforce a clause in their 
 contracts whereby the Government consents 
 that the Hague Tribunal may protect invest- 
 ments thus made if the nation itself is in- 
 capable of doing so. Property in every part 
 of the world should be so guarded. The 
 unnecessary destruction of property belonging 
 to neither of the belligerents, such as that which 
 took place in Mexico during the last four years, 
 is nothing less than criminal. Not only is it a 
 18
 
 Introductory 
 
 direct blow to those whose money created these 
 properties, but when peace comes to Mexico, 
 as it will in time, she will be too crippled to 
 take advantage of it. Many years must pass 
 before this destroyed property can be replaced, 
 since it will be impossible to find the money 
 needed for the inception or development of 
 industries. Foreign capital will be less eager 
 to invest in Mexico ; and, at a rough estimate, 
 about 80 per cent, of the total property de- 
 stroyed was owned by people other than 
 Mexicans. There is no difference between 
 protecting property created by foreign capital 
 in various countries and protecting property 
 owned by home capital. During President 
 Cleveland's administration property in Chicago 
 created by American capital was threatened 
 with destruction by rioters. A special con- 
 certed attack was made on the Pullman 
 Company's plant. The President immediately 
 called out the United States militia, thereby 
 saving millions of dollars worth of property, 
 to say nothing of the fact that thousands of 
 people were guarded from loss of employ- 
 ment. 
 
 One other phase of the problem with which 
 this book is concerned is the imperative neces- 
 sity, if war cannot be abolished, of limiting it. 
 19
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 The sea should be a peaceful avenue for the 
 commerce of the United States of the World, 
 and commerce raiding should, by international 
 law, be made prohibitive. All merchant ships 
 should, in time of war, be allowed, when on the 
 high seas, to fly the international flag. It is 
 not only absurd, but ineffectual, to destroy 
 property at sea : it only increases the rate at 
 Lloyd's, and the higher the rate the greater the 
 cost of transportation. This increase is felt 
 first of all in the loaf of bread that sustains the 
 life of the workers, and the destruction of pro- 
 perty at sea has therefore no more definite 
 effect than to paralyse industry and starve the 
 poor throughout the world. 
 
 It is merely to repeat a truism to say that we 
 should do all in our power to protect the poor 
 from want, since their only asset is their time ; 
 and the suffering that will be inflicted upon 
 them after this war is concluded will be beyond 
 comprehension. The heights of civilization 
 and upbuilding are not gained by, death and 
 destruction ; yet if this war relegates to 
 oblivion William II and his kultur band, future 
 generations will be inexpressibly benefited 
 thereby. If the Potsdam recipe is truly repre- 
 sentative of modern civilization, how we must 
 have retrograded since the days of Plato, 2,200 
 20
 
 Introductory 
 
 years ago, when he framed his Laws of War- 
 fare, the first article of which is : 
 
 Non-combatants to be spared. No homes to be burned. 
 No farms to be devastated. 
 
 Our barbarous Apaches now look like white- 
 robed saints by comparison with these modern 
 savages, and I fully agree with the Rev. Dr. 
 W. R. Inge, Dean of St. Paul's, who in his 
 sermon on the war at Westminster Abbey 
 said : 
 
 The exploits of this self-styled apostle of kultur, who 
 dares to claim the favour of the Christian God, give the 
 greatest amount of suffering and leave the non-combatants 
 nothing but their eyes to weep with. 
 
 No matter in what country, we may live, we do 
 not desire to see William's brand of culture 
 forced upon us or our nation, or to feel that 
 the people from whom we sprang condoned 
 such acts as were done in its name : the ruin- 
 ing of cities enduring from the Middle Ages, 
 the razing of palaces, art galleries, churches 
 and cathedrals, farmsteads and humble homes, 
 with their sequel of heartache and scalding 
 tears. This man and his followers are like 
 mad dogs running down the main street of life, 
 or like the Malays who run amok, drunk with 
 
 21
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 insensate dreams, mesmerized by their in- 
 satiable ambitions. It is the duty of the world 
 not only to put these men under restraint, but 
 also to make very sure that their performance 
 may never be repeated. 
 
 Below is a prophecy by Count Tolstoy. The 
 first portion that referring to the continuance 
 of carnage until 1925 will, we hope, prove 
 untrue. But the remainder of the prophecy is 
 a state of things greatly to be desired, and 
 the sooner it is fulfilled the better : 
 
 The vision or prophecy was present with the aged philo- 
 sopher for a long time. It was first recorded at the request of 
 the Czar who, acting for the Emperor William of Germany, 
 requested a special message from the aged philosopher : 
 something he had never written before. It was written out 
 by a grand-niece of the sage and given to the Czar, who 
 transmitted copies to William of Germany and Edward of 
 England. The record of the vision or prophecy begins : 
 
 This is a revelation of events of a universal character 
 which must shortly come to pass. Their spiritual out- 
 lines are now before my eyes. The great conflagration 
 will start in 1912 in the countries of South-eastern 
 Europe. It will develop into a destructive calamity in 
 1913. In that year I see all Europe in flames and 
 bleeding. I hear the lamentations of huge battlefields. 
 But about the year 1915 a strange figure from the North 
 a new Napoleon enters the stage of the bloody drama. 
 He is a man of little militaristic training, a writer or a 
 journalist, but in his grip the most of Europe will remain 
 until 1925. The end of the great calamity will mark a 
 
 22
 
 Introductory 
 
 new political era for the Old World. There will be left 
 no empires or kingdoms, but the world will form a federa- 
 tion of the united states of nations. There will remain 
 only four great giants the Anglo-Saxons, the Latins 
 the Slavs, and the Mongolians. 
 
 The author's experience in the business 
 world has fully convinced him that the war 
 of nations is not the only merciless and un- 
 scrupulous warfare, and that combined wealth 
 is often used to block and obstruct legitimate 
 enterprise and honest individual endeavour ; 
 that it can make, and has made, independent 
 effort along constructive lines practically, im- 
 possible and life almost unendurable. Many 
 of the evils were exposed in his book, " Con- 
 fidence or National Suicide," published in 
 1910, but, notwithstanding these facts and 
 conditions, he can see no reason why universal 
 peace cannot be established among nations ; 
 and when so established it can then expose, 
 and in time more or less prevent, industrial 
 warfare and the misuse of combined wealth in 
 thwarting national and personal endeavours. 
 During the present administration of President 
 Wilson and the Democratic party much has 
 been done in this direction, and in the new 
 National Reserve Banks many of the evils 
 have been removed. 
 
 23
 
 The World's Shop Window 
 
 ALL nations present to the view of the world 
 an exhibit of their respective traits and re- 
 sources, which may, be called their shop 
 window. When we think, for example, of 
 Canada, we think at once of boundless prairies, 
 great wheat -fields, trans -continental railroads 
 climbing the Rockies, and mines of precious 
 metals, much as if these things were exhibited 
 in the window of a store. When, a few years 
 ago, we thought of Mexico, there came imme- 
 diately before us a picture of General Diaz, 
 and his remarkable achievement in bringing 
 this nation up from bankruptcy, to a place in 
 the front rank of prosperity. Now, when we 
 inspect its windows, we receive only an impres- 
 sion of neglect and almost hopeless disorder. 
 Contemplating the shop window of England, 
 we see numerous colonies well governed, clean 
 cities, a flag that flies on every sea and con- 
 tinent, and the Englishman adventuring and 
 pioneering, where none others have dared, 
 24
 
 The World's Shop Window 
 
 planning industrial enterprises, constructing 
 irrigation works, piercing mountains, delving 
 underground, and standing everywhere for 
 honourable progress. It is an attractive ex- 
 hibit : one to be contemplated with interest 
 and satisfaction. Before the war what did we 
 see in the shop window of Germany? Mar- 
 vellous scientific instruments, technical inven- 
 tions, manufactures destined for every part of 
 the globe, and, surmounting all, the well-known 
 legend, Made in Germany. Now in the same 
 window are to be seen only guns, Zeppelins, 
 every kind of death -dealing contraption, ruined 
 cities, deceit, hypocrisy, and a limited supply 
 of war-bread ; and we feel, perforce, that the 
 window-dresser responsible for this exhibit 
 could be nothing less than a degenerate. 
 
 As each nation presents itself as in a shop 
 window, so has the world its windows, and this 
 book attempts to show, in that window, the 
 proper tools for the building of peace. It is 
 useless, in fighting any evil, to try to remove 
 the effect : operations must start with the 
 cause. The material world is simply, a reflec- 
 tion of the thoughts and aims of men. In the 
 statue we see the mind of the sculptor. On 
 the canvas we see the visions of the artist. 
 He could never have told us in words the 
 25
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 things that he saw and felt, but he could and 
 did transfer them to canvas in terms which are 
 universally intelligible. The world is like the 
 sheet on which the cinema views are thrown ; 
 the thoughts of man are like the films which 
 run through the machine ; and the power of 
 the mind is the light that reflects the pictures. 
 With the room darkened and the light on, it 
 would be impossible with the best cleaning 
 fluid in the world to rub from the sheet the 
 views that are projected. Only by the abstrac- 
 tion of the film or the extinction of the light 
 can they be removed. 
 
 In the same way the pictures on the sheet of 
 the material world derive from the slides or 
 films in the human mind, and it is one of the 
 imperative needs of the hour that the films 
 that project pictures of war and conquest be 
 destroyed, and, in their place, the films of peace 
 inserted. Then everywhere will be seen pic- 
 tures of contentment, industrial progress, and 
 universal brotherhood ; and the folly and 
 falsity of the other pictures will be realized. 
 In this connection a statement of one of the 
 greatest of the world's philosophers, St. Paul, 
 is singularly apt. "The things seen are the 
 unreal and temporal, while the unseen things 
 are the real and the eternal." You cannot see 
 26
 
 The World's Shop Window 
 
 love and kindness ; they always were and 
 always will be a film in the human mind. But 
 you can see their material manifestations every 
 day, the pictures which they project on the 
 sheet of our daily life. You cannot see hate 
 or malice, but you can see ruined lands, 
 destroyed cities, and destitute and dying men, 
 women, and children. 
 
 Change the hate -films, or thoughts, in the 
 minds of men, and at once the pictures jump 
 to new settings . We see charity ; we see the 
 halt, the maimed, the blind bidden to the feast ; 
 international travel and exhibits ; marvellous 
 national and international developments, all 
 making for the well-being of our brother man. 
 We get, in a word, results according to the 
 dressing of the world's shop window. Tempt 
 the shopper with things of beauty and he will 
 buy. Tempt him again with things of evil, 
 and, so irresolute is human nature, these he 
 will also buy. 
 
 What innumerable possibilities are presented 
 by this war for a rearrangement of some dis- 
 ordered windows ! There is, for example, the 
 Russian exhibit, not hitherto one of the most 
 pleasant to contemplate. But if the Czar keeps 
 his promise to Poland, unites it, and gives it 
 its freedom, then in that corner will be con- 
 27
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 tentment and prosperity in place of bitterness 
 and strife. In another corner, Finland, the 
 same thing might be done. By granting 
 autonomy to Finland the Czar would remove 
 from the minds of the Finns those slides that 
 project only disloyalty and distrust, and replace 
 them with devotion and kinship, thus rendering 
 this window very much brighter. Such acts 
 would also change the films in the minds of 
 Norway and Sweden, who would no longer 
 cherish a secret fear of Russia ; and those 
 windows would then attract more and more 
 admirers . 
 
 Another possibility is the granting of a shop 
 window to the Jews, of whom there are ten 
 millions . The destruction of Turkey in Europe 
 should make that possibility a practicability, 
 and the establishment of a Jewish kingdom in 
 Palestine would perhaps remove the memory 
 of centuries of feuds, persecutions, and mutual 
 hatred, and form another attractive display in 
 the shop window of the world.
 
 Pointing the Way 
 
 IN every civilized land, freedom is only granted 
 to those who do not abuse it. Those who do 
 not respect life, property, and decent conduct 
 are restrained. If this were not so, chaos 
 would reign, the Dark Ages would return, and 
 there would be no nations : only a world of 
 savages. Order is the foundation-stone of 
 harmony and civilization. 
 
 Any act which would not be permitted in 
 London, Paris, or New York is equally a crime 
 in any part of the globe . Th,at is the civilization 
 of humanity. But the deeds of a disorderly 
 nation are, unfortunately, not so easily 
 restrained. The individual acts of its people 
 are punished, and do not affect the progress 
 of the world, but the concerted dishonourable 
 acts of a government not only retard progress 
 but actively undermine that nation, and there 
 is as yet no power that can restrain such 
 governments . 
 
 Progress is the prime law in the scheme of 
 29
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 life. Talents must be used, put out at interest ; 
 otherwise the right to them is forfeited ; and 
 nations which are disorderly or which decline 
 to develop themselves should be made to 
 forfeit their rights as nations. The first con- 
 sideration in all government should be the 
 welfare of the nation's people and of those who 
 might immigrate to it if the conditions were 
 favourable. This does not imply that a strong 
 nation, actuated by greed or land hunger, 
 should by force seize a weak nation, any more 
 than a strong man is justified in stealing from 
 a weak ; but it does mean that the combined 
 nations of the world should have the power to 
 establish and preserve peace in less orderly 
 dominions. Speaking on this subject, Mr. 
 Takekoshi, of Japan, says : 
 
 It is the universal rule that civilized nations have the 
 right and are bound to lead barbarous peoples to civilization 
 and enlightenment. Europeans are able to step into any 
 uncivilized region of the earth by virtue of their training and 
 to call such barbarians "the white man's burden." 
 
 Incompetent nations should have the help, 
 and, where necessary, the coercion of the com- 
 petent nations to lead them into the paths of 
 civilization. This could most effectively be 
 done by the Hague organization outlined in 
 3
 
 Pointing the Way 
 
 another chapter and by its intervention there 
 would be no international jealousies. Good 
 government of unruly nations provides the 
 whole world with new fields for business and 
 industrial enterprises, and in time the incom- 
 petent nation becomes competent and prospers, 
 comes to an understanding of its responsibili- 
 ties, and can then be left to work out its own 
 destiny. 
 
 The frequent revolutions in Central America, 
 occasionally in South America, and the present 
 revolution in Mexico, could easily be obviated 
 by good government. These States are like 
 children crying with the colic : something is 
 wrong inside, which a little medicine would 
 remedy. A child wants a toy that it cannot 
 reach. Instinct says, "Cry, and you will get 
 it." These revolutions are the cry of the people 
 for good government, and some plan must be 
 devised which will answer that cry. Two 
 benefits would ensue therefrom : the uplift of 
 humanity in that particular corner, and a 
 decided increase in the world's business and 
 prosperity. The intervention of the United 
 States has conferred incalculable advantages 
 on Cuba, Panama, and Porto Rico. The 
 Americans have made Havana a healthful city 
 at all times of the year ; and Panama, once
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 feared by, everybody during the summer 
 months, is now safe and sanitary. Under the 
 old management the people died like flies in 
 the fall, but when the United States Govern- 
 ment arrived the filth holes were filled up, 
 streets were paved and drained, pure water 
 replaced the unclean cisterns that had supplied 
 drink during the dry season, and plans were 
 promulgated for eliminating the mosquitoes, 
 the disseminators of yellow fever. 
 
 This was of great benefit to the people of 
 Panama and Cuba, but it was also a benefit 
 to the people of the United States. In past 
 times the presence of these yellow -fever camps 
 so near the borders of the States was a per- 
 petual menace. Times without number have 
 boats from Cuba brought the fever to New 
 Orleans and other Southern ports ; so, in 
 forcing sanitary conditions on those countries 
 the United States Government has at the same 
 time served its own people. 
 
 Two other important cases may be cited in 
 which the same authority has been instrumental 
 in introducing reforms. In the island of San 
 Domingo are two small nations. In 1904 
 occurred a crisis in the Dominican Republic, 
 which threatened serious complications between 
 the States and the European countries. San 
 32
 
 Pointing the Way 
 
 Domingo is an island of great natural wealth, 
 a storehouse of treasures if properly developed. 
 For the unscrupulous, however, the chief source 
 of wealth had not been the products of the soil, 
 the mountains, or the cattle ranges, but the 
 Customs duties of the country. The people of 
 the Republic were incompetent to protect their 
 own interests from this unscrupulous ring, and 
 naturally trouble began, since there were 
 always other men, the Outs, who desired to 
 exchange places with the Ins. These Customs 
 receipts should, of course, have gone to pay 
 the expenses of government. Only a very 
 small percentage, however, was diverted into 
 the proper channels ; the bulk went into the 
 pockets of the powerful and dishonest men in 
 control of affairs. The great majority of the 
 people of the Republic were peacefully in- 
 clined, since they realized that domestic tran- 
 quillity was necessary to the development of 
 their country. They had borrowed large sums 
 of money from Europe, and the income from 
 Customs should have been used to pay the 
 interest and provide a sinking fund for the 
 annulment of the debt. The European coun- 
 tries did all in their power by peaceful means 
 to make a collection, but these requests were 
 ignored by those whose interests would have 
 33 c
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 been damaged by the settlement. Europe 
 should have been permitted to use force to 
 compel the Republic to fulfil its obligations, 
 but the Monroe doctrine stood in its way, and 
 these wily men, who were amassing fortunes, 
 believed that the United States would prefer 
 to allow them to continue their operations 
 rather than see any European Power in con- 
 trol of San Domingo. Year after year this 
 chicanery, went on, until at last the European 
 countries, unable longer to endure this dis- 
 regard of common business etiquette, insisted 
 that if Washington would not allow them to 
 collect the debt it should at least enforce 
 payment. The Presidency of the Republic 
 was then in the hands of a man named 
 Morloes, who saw the writing on the wall, 
 and understood well that this condition of 
 things could no longer continue. He therefore 
 requested the United States to take charge of 
 the collection of Customs, which they consented 
 to do. 
 
 This action should have been taken long 
 before, or, if it were not taken, then the 
 Monroe Doctrine should have been sacrificed. 
 However, the only, point that matters is that, 
 immediately following their intervention, came 
 a great transformation in the affairs of the 
 34
 
 Pointing the Way 
 
 Republic. The people were protected in so 
 far as the collection of the Customs was con- 
 cerned, and 45 per cent, of the collections 
 were turned over to the Government to pay, 
 expenses, the remainder being devoted to the 
 repayment of the debt and interest. The result 
 was that the amount paid over to the Republic 
 for the expenses of government less than half 
 the total Customs receipts was far in advance 
 of any previous records. Not only, therefore, 
 is the Dominican Republic itself more pros- 
 perous, but the people to whom they were 
 indebted have received justice. 
 
 There is no reason, so far as can be seen, 
 why Washington should not also have intervened 
 in the case of the other Republic on the same 
 island the Republic of Hayti. The imports 
 of this Republic are annually $8,100,000, and 
 its exports $11,315,000. It is, like Domingo, 
 a country of great wealth in the way of re- 
 sources. Its mountains hold deposits of 
 precious metals, and if only it could live in 
 peace for a term of years, there is no doubt 
 that its development would be such as to 
 astonish the world. But the constant revolu- 
 tions, sometimes involving three changes of 
 President in a year, perpetually impede its 
 progress, and it remains to a great extent 
 35
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 where it was at the commencement of its 
 career. It is fairly, certain that, if proper 
 overtures were made by the United States 
 Government, the people of Hayti would be 
 more than glad to receive a Governor -General 
 appointed by, Washington, and to place the 
 control of different departments under 
 American officials. If Hayti had been con- 
 trolled by, say, England, during the last gene- 
 ration, its exports and imports would easily, 
 have been doubled, and its national prosperity 
 would have been greater than any Haytian 
 could have dreamed. 
 
 When the United States secured Porto Rico 
 from Spain it was in an appalling state of 
 neglect and disrepair. There were no good 
 roads : most of them were nothing more than 
 trails. The people were indolent, and though 
 the soil was unusually productive, and crops 
 of every, kind could be raised, little was done 
 in this direction. But since the Stars and 
 Stripes have covered it, it has been proved 
 that this indolence was not natural laziness, 
 but was due to physical ailments. The people 
 were, in a word, all more or less infected with 
 transmissible diseases, arising from the rotten 
 insanitary conditions of the towns and villages. 
 By strict attention to the laws of health and 
 36
 
 Pointing the Way 
 
 by sanitary engineering this state of affairs 
 has been remedied, and the people are now 
 becoming more healthy and more energetic. 
 Their blood has been more or less cleansed 
 of the germs of impurity which had for so long 
 been mentally and physically corroding them, 
 and they, are now achieving results which in 
 themselves are a reward for the labour ex- 
 pended by the intervening Government. 
 Roads are being constructed, crops are being 
 plentifully raised, and the dwelling-places of 
 the town are being made habitable. 
 
 When a man is found ill-using his horse he 
 is either fined or imprisoned. If, then, the 
 Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to 
 Animals can do such good work and be so 
 universally recognized and supported, how 
 much more imperative is the need for an 
 organization for the Prevention of Cruelty to 
 Nations. The one only protects dumb 
 animals ; the other would protect human 
 beings, who often are as helpless as the 
 dumb. Had the Hague Tribunal only been 
 in existence in 1861, its intervention and in- 
 fluence might have been exercised towards an 
 amicable settlement of the dispute between the 
 North and South, and have prevented that 
 long-drawn and costly conflict, the American 
 37
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 Civil War. That war, lasting from 1861- 
 1865, cost the United States in money five 
 billion dollars, or one billion pounds, and in 
 human life five hundred thousand. Estimate 
 that we freed four million slaves by the 
 struggle, and set against this fact that we have 
 paid, since 1865, four and a half billion dollars, 
 or nine hundred million pounds, in pensions 
 alone. Leaving out of account the cost of the 
 operations, the progress retarded in the land, 
 the half million lives sacrificed on the altar of 
 hate, the unspeakable devastation, the heart- 
 broken wives and mothers let us consider only 
 the four million slaves freed and the four and a 
 half billion dollars of pension money. This 
 sum alone equals more than five thousand 
 dollars, or a thousand pounds for each slave 
 freed ; and as the average price of slaves, old 
 people and children included, was five hundred 
 dollars each, we have paid by these pensions 
 many times the market price of every slave 
 freed. And we are still paying. 
 
 All new ideas are opposed. The greater 
 the benefits the greater the opposition. When 
 steam was talked of for ocean navigation, two 
 great scientists wrote a book proving that it 
 would be impossible to cross the ocean by 
 steam. The book came from the press just in 
 38
 
 Pointing the Way 
 
 time to be sent abroad by the first steamship 
 that crossed ! 
 
 When railroads were first proposed in 
 England people fought them because the 
 trains would scare the cows and spoil the 
 milk. When machine looms came the world 
 was sure that the thousands who then worked 
 hand -looms would be faced with starvation, 
 and a revolution was nearly, precipitated. 
 What really happened was that the machines 
 provided work for all, and at better prices. 
 In the same way the printers fought the lino- 
 type machine, which, when it came, gave 
 them more work at better wages, and lifted 
 their calling to dignity and recognition. 
 
 Even now, when there is a possibility of 
 conferring upon the world the greatest benefit 
 it has ever known since the coming of Christ 
 namely, the abolition of war there are those 
 who do not believe it possible and who oppose 
 it. But if the English, Russian, and United 
 States Governments can maintain such huge 
 sections of the world, as they do, in perfect 
 order, then there is no reason why Europe at 
 least could not be so maintained. 
 
 Objections on the ground of the mixture of 
 races, creeds, and manners do not hold good, 
 and the best answer to any such objections 
 39
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 is the following table, showing the amazing 
 assortment of peoples and religions living con- 
 tentedly under the Union Jack : 
 
 THE BRITISH EMPIRE 
 
 THE UNITED KINGDOM 
 
 Countries. 
 
 England 
 
 Wales 
 
 Scotland 
 
 Ireland 
 
 BRITISH DOMINIONS. 
 EUROPE 
 
 Gibraltar ... 
 Malta and Gozo 
 ASIA 
 
 Empire of India 
 Ceylon ... 
 Cyprus ... 
 Weihaiwei 
 
 Straits Settlements ... 
 Federated Malay States 
 Other Malay States 
 Hong Kong 
 North Borneo 
 
 Sarawak 
 
 Brunei 
 AFRICA 
 
 Cape Province 
 Natal 
 Transvaal 
 
 Orange Free State ... 
 40 
 
 Population. 
 
 34,488,233 
 
 2,051,403 
 
 4,73 8 ,3 
 4,384,71 
 
 20,000 
 211,000 
 
 315,000,000 
 
 4,100,000 
 275,000 
 160,000 
 700,000 
 
 1,000,000 
 800,000 
 440,000 
 204,000 
 650,000 
 30,000 
 
 2 i5 6 5o 
 
 1,200,000 
 
 1,686,000 
 529,000
 
 Pointing the Way 
 
 AFRICA continued. 
 
 
 Population. 
 
 St. Helena 
 
 35 
 
 Ascension 
 
 i5 
 
 Sierra Leone 
 
 1,100,000 
 
 Gold Coast 
 
 1,400,000 
 
 Mauritius 
 
 370,000 
 
 Nigeria ... 
 
 17,000,000 
 
 Rhodesia... 
 
 1,750,000 
 
 East Africa 
 
 4,000,000 
 
 Basutoland 
 
 350,000 
 
 Bechuanaland 
 
 126,000 
 
 Gambia ... 
 
 146,000 
 
 Somaliland 
 
 300,000 
 
 Uganda ... 
 
 2,500,000 
 
 Zanzibar ... 
 
 200,000 
 
 Nyassaland 
 
 I,OOO,OOO 
 
 Egypt ... 
 
 12,000,000 
 
 Soudan ... 
 
 2,OOO,OOO 
 
 Seychelles 
 
 23,000 
 
 AMERICA 
 
 
 Ontario ... 
 
 2,523,000 
 
 Quebec ... 
 
 2,OO3,OOO 
 
 New Brunswick 
 
 352,000 
 
 Nova Scotia 
 
 492,500 
 
 Manitoba... 
 
 455. 
 
 British Columbia ... 
 
 400,000 
 
 Yukon Territory ... 
 
 8,500 
 
 North-west Territories 
 
 17,200 
 
 Alberta 
 
 375. 
 
 Saskatchewan 
 
 492,500 
 
 Prince Edward Island 
 
 94,000 
 
 Newfoundland and Labrador . . . 
 
 243,000 
 
 British Guiana 
 
 310,000 
 
 Honduras 
 
 40,500
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 AMERICA continued. 
 
 Jamaica ... 
 Trinidad and Tobago 
 Barbadoes 
 Bermuda ... 
 Bahamas... 
 Leeward Islands ... 
 Windward Islands ... 
 Falkland Islands ... 
 South Georgia 
 AUSTRALASIA 
 
 New South Wales ... 
 Victoria ... 
 South Australia 
 Queensland 
 Western Australia ... 
 Tasmania... 
 New Zealand 
 
 Fiji 
 
 Papua 
 Pacific Islands 
 
 Population. 
 
 850,000 
 
 33O,OOO 
 
 196,000 
 
 19,000 
 
 56,000 
 
 140,000 
 
 200,000 
 
 3 2 40 
 
 Uninhabited 
 
 1,650,000 
 
 1,320,000 
 
 409,000 
 
 606,000 
 
 282,000 
 
 191,000 
 
 1,050,000 
 
 130,000 
 
 360,000 
 
 200,000 
 
 This array of varying sections of the earth, 
 from torrid zones to regions of snow, so 
 masterfully governed by Great Britain, con- 
 veys a startling impression of how peace can 
 be maintained in nearly one quarter of the 
 globe, and the benefits accruing to all people 
 therefrom. This list of possessions covers 
 numerous districts, which, but for the order 
 enforced by their controller, would have been, 
 in one or other of them, at war throughout 
 42
 
 Pointing the Way 
 
 the year. But under the British flag there has 
 been, in place of internecine strife, development 
 and extraordinary progress ; blessings which, 
 if the Hague Tribunal were properly consti- 
 tuted and authorized, might be conferred in 
 any quarter, more particularly, perhaps, in 
 Central and South America, despite the 
 Monroe Doctrine. And the United States 
 might well step in and undertake this work 
 at the present moment, not by force of arms, 
 but under the consent of the countries con- 
 cerned . 
 
 There is, however, but one way by which 
 the advent of universal tranquillity may be 
 hastened, and that is by compelling the reali- 
 zation of its benefits in the mind of man. This 
 would produce a change such as the world has 
 never before seen : no more war ; no more 
 needless suffering ; no more widows and 
 orphans created by wholesale murder ; no 
 more devastation of cities and fertile coun- 
 tries. Each nation would be a unit in the 
 brotherhood of nations, free to develop its 
 individual conceptions ; and everywhere ad- 
 vances would be made in all peaceful pursuits, 
 and especially in the arts. The harmony of the 
 universe would flow through the fingers and 
 voices of the musicians ; the brush would 
 43
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 transfer to canvas glimpses of nature not yet 
 realized. The soul of man would surmount 
 natural limitations, and spiritual visions not 
 now seen would find expression in higher and 
 nobler life. The colossal amount of money 
 now wasted on preparations for war and on 
 war itself would make poverty, a thing of the 
 past ; and numerous ideals, now only chimera 
 and almost relinquished in despair, would be 
 materialized. The world should look to prin- 
 ciple for its inspiration, and national honour 
 should be guarded by right motives instead of 
 by Dreadnoughts. No more should we drain 
 the exchequer to provide pensions for legalized 
 slaughterers ; the only pensions should be to 
 the nation's artists, musicians, and authors, who 
 will have lifted up the people to the contem- 
 plation of peaceful pursuits. 
 
 Assyria and Persia rose by the sword and 
 perished by the sword, even as the Bible had 
 foretold. Alexander conquered the Eastern 
 world, and his Grecian Empire fell under the 
 sword of Rome . In their turn, too, the Roman, 
 Saracen, and Spanish Empires rose and fell, 
 and when this war is over there may yet be 
 another fulfilment of the prophecy. Austria, 
 it is certain, will have sustained irreparable 
 losses, and Germany will no doubt be com- 
 44
 
 Pointing the Way 
 
 pelled to part with Alsace and Lorraine and 
 her colonies. 
 
 Rising by the sword, they live in eternal 
 fear of the sword ; yet, if universal peace were 
 established, every nation would be absolutely 
 assured of its existence for ever, without the 
 necessity of bloodshed a comfortable and 
 inspiring assurance to those to whom the 
 Fatherland is dear. The world is really only 
 one nation ; boundaries are artificial and are 
 continually changing. If people living on 
 opposite sides of the street are free from any 
 necessity of preparing for siege ; if people of 
 adjoining cities can live at peace with one 
 another ; if adjoining counties or States can 
 dispense with standing armies ; if Canada and 
 the United States have lived in peace for one 
 hundred years without the erection of expen- 
 sive forts to guard their frontiers ; then all 
 nations of the earth can live on the same 
 terms . 
 
 M. Edmond The'ry, the French economist, 
 figures that the maintenance of Europe's armed 
 peace footing in the last twenty-five years has 
 cost one hundred and forty-five billion francs 
 approximately twenty-nine billion dollars or 
 six billion pounds. This has involved an 
 increase in the public debt of the European 
 45
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 countries of from one hundred and five to one 
 hundred and fifty billion francs, and has con- 
 stantly excluded from productive industry 
 two hundred thousand officers and about 
 four million men. 
 
 Universal peace, however, will not be fully 
 realized until the map of Europe has been 
 re -drawn in such a way that the division of 
 States and governments shall correspond to 
 nationalities. The Italian section of Austria 
 should be re-united to Italy. The Polish part 
 of Germany, and Austria should be given back 
 to Poland, to which country the Czar should 
 fulfil his promise and grant autonomy. The 
 dream of " Finland a nation ! " should also be 
 realized ; and the Roumanian part of Austria 
 should be consolidated with Roumania. Thus 
 would be removed some of the sore spots of 
 Europe which have been erupting race-hatred. 
 Germany has had far more trouble with Alsace 
 and Lorraine than is commensurate with the 
 benefits received. Russia also has had more 
 than enough difficulty over the Polish ques- 
 tion, and we all know that the Slav imbroglio 
 caused the death of the Austrian Archduke 
 and provided the Kaiser with a lever for 
 starting the devilish work of his war machine. 
 
 It is, in a word, fairly safe to say that if 
 46
 
 Pointing the Way 
 
 appropriated territories were given back to 
 those from whom they were seized, much of 
 the discord of Europe would be eliminated. 
 The situation may be likened to that of a 
 not uncommon case that came to the writer's 
 knowledge some time ago, of a young man 
 who, with his wife and her parents, went to 
 live with his mother and father. For the first 
 year of their union this couple lived alone in 
 a small apartment, and were as happy as a 
 pair of young lovers can be. But the young 
 man's parents, having a large and luxurious 
 home, invited them, together with the wife's 
 parents, to reside with them. Each member 
 of this family was, individually, kind, tolerant, 
 and broad-minded ; but, being constantly 
 thrown into one another's society, trouble 
 soon developed, mutual suspicions and 
 jealousies arose. The young people per- 
 ceived faults in one another faults which 
 sometimes did not exist, or, if they did exist, 
 would have passed unnoticed but for the inter- 
 ference of others. They formed separate 
 camps. Each had a standing army and a 
 system of espionage among the servants. 
 Husband and wife sided with the members 
 of their respective families, and in the end 
 came divorce. As the young man remarked 
 47
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 rather expressively, six active volcanoes in one 
 house buried all their mutual love and respect 
 under the lava of distrust and malice. 
 
 So in the new family of nations about to 
 be formed in Europe, it would be well to guard 
 against any possible mixture of family or race 
 prejudice, until the acceptance of a neutral 
 language removes all possibilities of miscon- 
 ception . 
 
 Awaiting the arrival of this millenium we look 
 anxiously for the appearance of a new patriot. 
 It cannot come until autocracy is broken. The 
 autocrats, the people that have, are the retro- 
 grades. The progressives are the have-nots. 
 The unrest of the common people of the world 
 is the cradle of all reforms, and peace can 
 only come to Europe through the agitation of 
 the people, not from the machinations of 
 diplomats. The people have a right to assert 
 and decide these matters ; and the people of 
 Europe must be convinced that the formation 
 of a Hague Tribunal is the only practical plan 
 for a permanent settlement ; and that it is their 
 duty to demand its immediate creation. 
 
 The persecution of Poland bred a Kosciuszko . 
 
 The persecution of Italy bred a Garibaldi. 
 
 The persecution of the English peasants bred 
 
 a Hampden and a Cromwell. The persecution 
 
 ; 4 8
 
 Pointing the Way 
 
 of the Russian moujik bred Tolstoy and Gorki, 
 who, in their turn, aroused the world. Perhaps, 
 therefore, we may look to the present disturb- 
 ance in Europe for the birth of an era of 
 reform, and of a leader who shall combat the 
 fury of militarism and point the way to a 
 United States of Europe, through which shall 
 ring the glorious slogan of Liberty ! Equality ! 
 Fraternity 1 
 
 There is another reason why militarism 
 should be crushed at the present moment. 
 Germany is not the only danger. If it should 
 triumph there will come yet another world- 
 chaos, not from Europe but from the Orient. 
 In China there are nearly four hundred million 
 people. Germany has seventy million. The 
 war strength of Germany, is over five million. 
 The population of China is nearly, six times 
 that of Germany. Were China, during the 
 coming generation, to awake, and to produce 
 some capable leaders who would consolidate 
 that Empire under one strong central govern- 
 ment, it would soon be abreast of its neighbour, 
 Japan, and would be more completely self- 
 contained than any other country in the world. 
 It has great deposits of iron, coal, silver, and 
 gold ; it has most fertile land, highly culti- 
 vated, and capable of producing all the food 
 49 D
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 necessary for its people without recourse to 
 outside trade. If militarism were the prevail- 
 ing policy, China would fall into line, and 
 would form and maintain a standing army 
 proportionate to the strength of Germany 
 that is, an army of thirty million men . Against 
 such an army, properly led, Europe would be 
 helpless. Siberia would be wrested from 
 Russia, and a few years later Russia itself 
 would probably be absorbed. Then the gates 
 of Europe would be opened to the yellow flood 
 that would pour in and Celestialize the world. 
 The yellow dragon has not yet awakened from 
 its slumbers. Let the world, therefore, point 
 the way to peace and not to militarism, lest it 
 create yet another menace to the well-being of 
 the world.
 
 The Brotherhood of Man 
 
 IF it were possible for the world to be aroused 
 to a sense of the brotherhood of man in the 
 same measure as it has recently, been aroused 
 to a sense of international hatred, the result 
 would be universal peace. It is obvious that 
 when men go to any, one extreme the reaction 
 is always to the opposite. When the world 
 rebounds from the war-thought it will be so 
 satiated with horror and the widespread 
 devastation, that it should listen eagerly to new 
 thoughts and plans for the establishment of 
 international peace. It will realize more than 
 ever before the interdependence of man on 
 man and nation on nation. Life in its every 
 aspect is a wonderful scheme of interdepen- 
 dence, and it is folly to ignore the divine plan. 
 The farmer is dependent for his crops on the 
 fertility of the land and on the weather. He 
 is dependent for the results of his labour on 
 the roads, railroads, and steamship transporta- 
 tion for the carriage of his goods to market.
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 He is dependent on the Boards of Trade and 
 on the wires which convey market quotations 
 and on the newspapers which publish them. 
 
 He may raise his wheat in the Argentine 
 and have it eaten in England. He may make 
 watches in Switzerland for use in Patagonia. 
 He may bottle his mineral water in Germany 
 for consumption in New Zealand. The wool 
 from his flocks in Australia may be sent to 
 England, there made into clothes and re- 
 shipped to Brazil, sold again as woollen rags, 
 and made into paper in Germany. The men 
 who attempt to block this marvellous scheme 
 are foes to all mankind, and the injury to them- 
 selves, as will be proven by this present con- 
 flict, is by. far the heaviest. Any success in 
 the Argentine is really a benefit for the world 
 at large. It furnishes an outlet for the surplus 
 population of Europe, and it supplies cheap 
 food for that continent and cattle for the 
 United States. It furnishes markets for the 
 manufacturing centres of the world, and good 
 investments for its surplus capital. The entire 
 world is aided more or less by the success of 
 any. corner of it. 
 
 The terrible destruction of property in 
 Mexico during the last four years has been 
 felt in all countries, and confidence in foreign 
 S*
 
 The Brotherhood of Man 
 
 investments has been shaken to an extent far 
 greater than the direct value of the invest- 
 ments concerned. Such havoc is unnecessary, 
 and should not be tolerated : some way must 
 be found other than the arguments of gun and 
 cannon of settling differences. During the 
 Boxer trouble in China the nations found a 
 feasible plan for concerted action, and there 
 is no serious reason why such unity should not 
 be again achieved. The great hindrances to 
 the realization of the brotherhood of man are 
 foolish fetishes of race and creed. If the world 
 could dispose of these bogies, as they are dis- 
 posed of in the great melting-pots of the United 
 States, Canada, and the Argentine, there would 
 be an end of war. 
 
 This idea of race and creed is the first stop 
 in the organ of the mind of man which those 
 who desire to mesmerize the people with the 
 war-thought usually manipulate. Once this 
 stop has been fully employed the rest is easy. 
 
 But contemplate the contrast in the picture 
 that follows, the picture before the guns. 
 
 Two armies are opposed to each other. The 
 men in the trenches are inspired with hate. 
 Any scheme will be employed to kill those on 
 the opposite side : bullets, swords, bayonets, 
 or any other instrument that will torture and 
 53
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 take life. These men are probably otherwise 
 kindly disposed fellows who would loathe any 
 man who kicked a dog ; but under the spell 
 of this mesmerism they really enjoy pushing 
 their cold steel through the bodies of their 
 adversaries. In Belgium the wounded were 
 left for hours, even days, unattended, suffering 
 untold agony. If in their pain they rose up 
 before the trenches they were immediately shot 
 down, and hi many, cases they deliberately 
 stood up in the hope that they would thus find 
 an end to their sufferings. Often when rescued 
 their minds were gone, and they were mental 
 wrecks perhaps for the rest of their lives. 
 
 When it is possible for any one of these men 
 to be rescued from the firing line, no matter 
 which nation rescues them, no matter whether 
 they be Russian, English, French, Hindoo, or 
 German, they receive immediately the best of 
 care, skilful surgery, and the attention of Red 
 Cross nurses and Sisters of Mercy. The same 
 nation which, a few hours before, was doing 
 all in its power to kill, is now doing all in its 
 power to save. Before the guns is only, the 
 mesmerism of war. Behind them reigns the 
 brotherhood of man. Only a few feet separate 
 the realm of love from the realm of hate. In 
 the morning you are the enemy, but before the 
 54
 
 The Brotherhood of Man 
 
 day is ended you may be tenderly nursed and 
 cared for by those who sought to destroy you. 
 The transition from the firing line to the 
 hospital bed must surely seem to the wounded 
 as a change from hell to heaven. 
 
 The undermining of the belief in the brother- 
 hood of man requires years of work, but there 
 are many skilful men, well versed in the busi- 
 ness of stirring up hatred between peoples and 
 tearing asunder the fabric of international re- 
 gard. Mankind, left to itself, does not develop 
 these unhappy traits. Take, for example, two 
 walled cities near the French and German 
 frontiers, each having a population of five 
 thousand. The newspapers on the German 
 side, controlled by, the agents provocateurs of 
 Wilhelmstrasse, are daily filled with articles 
 expressing hatred of the people in the adjoin- 
 ing city. Numbers of military men are every- 
 where to be seen, and to be heard talking of 
 the day when Germany will again march to 
 Paris. Conversation of this kind goes on day 
 by day for years in street, cafe, and club. The 
 people are adjured not to have intercourse with 
 those of the neighbouring city ; and much the 
 same conditions prevail on the French side, 
 where they dream and talk of the day when the 
 disgrace of 1870 will be atoned for. The 
 result is hate and fear in each city. 
 55
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 Now remove these walls and order the 
 soldiers away. Let the newspapers on either 
 side talk of the business opportunities in the 
 adjoining city. Let the people follow their 
 own bent and work out their own plans, and 
 in a brief while they, will be the greatest of 
 friends, intermarrying, ajid in time becoming 
 melted into one community. 
 
 Where, then, were the enemies ? They were 
 simply the walls that enforced this artificial 
 separation, and the military whose living de- 
 pended upon the nourishment of the war 
 microbe, and who, if this microbe died, would 
 lose not only their occupations, but also their 
 chances of immortality as world conquerors. 
 The moment that marks the disappearance of 
 these disseminators of strife marks also the 
 manifestation of the spirit of brotherhood 
 between men. The people then display their 
 natural sympathetic instincts, and prosperity 
 and contentment follows. The ideas of hatred 
 and war are abnormal, and in future it will be 
 found more prudent and profitable to preach 
 the reality of the brotherhood of man. It will 
 then be realized how little any nation has to 
 fear from any other nation, and how much it 
 has to fear from the military and the politicians 
 on either side. Let us hope that the end of this 
 56
 
 The Brotherhood of Man 
 
 war will drive all the world to the ranks of the 
 army of peace. There must be indeed there 
 is a common civilization, and the hope of 
 that civilization is The Hague. That beautiful 
 Temple of Peace came before the world was 
 ready for it, but, like the dove that returned 
 to the Ark with the olive branch, this temple 
 is a symbol of the day when war will have 
 passed away and goodwill toward men be 
 established on earth. 
 
 If half the brain power that has been 
 employed for the promotion of this war had 
 been used in the proper sphere, it would, to 
 a great extent, have replaced national patriot- 
 ism by world patriotism, just as State patriot- 
 ism in the United States gives place to national 
 patriotism. In that country, if Texas prospers, 
 it is a national success, and all parts of the 
 Union rejoice. Similarly, if New York State 
 prospers, Texas and other States rejoice in 
 the spirit of common patriotism. Again, if 
 New York State were to lose one of its counties 
 to the adjoining State, New Jersey, New York 
 would not go to war, since it would be every 
 whit as prosperous as before, and would be 
 in no material way affected by the loss. It 
 would have just as much trade from that county 
 as before, and no human being in the United 
 57
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 States would be any the richer, any the poorer, 
 or any the wiser. 
 
 Now it is just as easy, if people are edu- 
 cated on this plane, to bring about international 
 brotherhood and world-unity. Consider how 
 all peoples of the world have come to the 
 States, and have more or less dropped their 
 national traits and manners, and demonstrated, 
 up to the present, the brotherhood and real 
 unity of nations, creeds, classes, and Govern- 
 ments, by forming, from various units, one 
 composite whole, a strong and vital race. 
 
 What has been done there can be done every- 
 where, and in other chapters plans are outlined 
 for providing a similar melting-pot for turbu- 
 lent Central America. In this connection let 
 us hope that the following prediction of 
 Governor George W. Clark may prove to be 
 true. If it does, and the brotherhood of man 
 is hastened in its world -march, then perhaps 
 this war will have had some justification : 
 
 The Federation of the world, practical disarmament of 
 the Great Powers, and a long step forward for the brotherhood 
 of man are among the probable results. Notwithstanding the 
 horrors, mankind will be better for it in the end. It is an 
 appalling price to pay, but beyond this world-war lies, in all 
 probability, the death of militarism, the removal of the crush- 
 ing burdens of great armies and navies, the disappearance of 
 hereditary rulers, and the entrance of more perfect democracies. 
 
 58
 
 The Great Tragedy 
 
 ON July 30, 1914, the British Ambassador at 
 Berlin telegraphed that the German Secretary 
 of State had desired him to impress upon Sir 
 Edward Grey that the German Imperial 
 Government had done nothing special in the 
 way of military preparations. Three days 
 afterwards Germany declared war on Russia, 
 and her troops entered Luxemburg the same 
 day. 
 
 The German Secretary's statement was 
 therefore a falsehood, but the German people 
 have been taught that what is a crime for 
 an individual is not a crime if committed by 
 nations. It is wrong for a German to kill or 
 steal or bear false witness, but it is not wrong 
 for his Government to commit the same crimes 
 in the greater territory of the world. 
 
 The notorious professor of the University, of 
 
 Berlin, Heinrich von Treitschke, preached the 
 
 gospel of force. He desired the Government 
 
 to subdue by force, if necessary, the Socialists 
 
 59
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 and other disturbers of the domain of autocracy 
 and bureaucracy. In his view, any attempt to 
 oppose militarism was a crime against the 
 State. To him war was the noblest path that 
 a nation could tread, and in all his propaganda 
 he was upheld by General von Bernhardi and 
 General von Goltz. No book has been more 
 popular in Germany, of recent years than that 
 of Bernhardi, who taught that might was right, 
 and that Germany had no occasion to consider 
 the rights of other nations in the fulfilment of 
 her own ambitions. According to his own 
 frank avowal, France must be crushed, and 
 no treaties must be allowed to stand in the way 
 of the progress of the Teuton. And in line 
 with this teaching is the Kaiser's declaration 
 that the only food problem in Belgium which 
 concerns him is the feeding of his army, of 
 occupation. If the Belgian people oppose this 
 army they are enemies, and starvation can 
 remove them much more easily than the guns 
 and bayonets of his over-worked soldiers. 
 
 Treitschke's teaching that the Germans 
 were chosen people, and that there must be 
 no surrender to fine feelings, tolerance, or en- 
 lightenment, has been impressed upon the 
 people by the express desire of the Kaiser 
 and the Crown Prince. No wonder that they 
 60
 
 The Great Tragedy 
 
 desired the Turks as their allies : that is in 
 keeping with their creed that the strong must 
 triumph over the weak, that brutality is a more 
 desirable quality than gentleness, and of much 
 greater political value. 
 
 If, however, German civilization and kultar 
 is required by the world, it will adopt it : it 
 will not be necessary for Germany to force it 
 upon the world, nor will it be necessary, for 
 her flag to fly on every sea. The people under- 
 stand that two and two make four under any 
 flag. Real culture can and does flow over 
 national boundaries as naturally as a river. 
 
 The truth of the matter is that the typical 
 German is best appreciated in his own land, 
 where one tolerates traits that could not for a 
 moment be tolerated elsewhere. He has to a 
 very marked degree the faculty of adaptation 
 to environment, and becomes a good citizen 
 of every land where he settles . As a colonizer, 
 however, he is not a success. He carries his 
 aggressiveness too far, and attempts to reform 
 the natives of his colonies, while the English 
 are wise enough to conform. The Englishman 
 discovers the particular tendencies of the 
 natives, and tries to develop their land in 
 conformity, with these ideas. The German 
 does not understand this method. In Berlin 
 61
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 the click of the military heel is a nuisance, 
 and the officers' habit of pushing civilians off 
 the sidewalk is an irritation, though endurable 
 for a week or two. But these things, trans- 
 ported to East Africa, do not work well. 
 
 If Belgium be retained, and France becomes 
 a third-rate Power, heaven help the world ! 
 England's turn would come next, and then the 
 United States would be forced into the defen- 
 sive line. Italy would be absorbed, out of 
 revenge for her neutrality, and the German 
 eagle would scream and flutter from the Medi- 
 terranean to the Atlantic. The plan of action 
 for Germany, is best outlined by a report made 
 by, a member of her General Staff, dated 
 May 19, 1913, which places, once and for 
 all, the responsibility for this war on her 
 shoulders : 
 
 We must stir up trouble in Egypt, Tunis, Algeria, 
 Morocco, and Russia. Risings must be carefully prepared, 
 and by material means. They must have a directing head 
 Above all, Holland and Belgium must be constrained to 
 follow us or be cowed into submission should they resist. 
 
 The inspired attack by Austria on Servia gave 
 her at once the excuse for which she had so 
 long been waiting for forcing the gospel of 
 Treitschke and Bernhardi on the world at large. 
 62
 
 The Great Tragedy 
 
 It is nothing less than a crime that any 
 person should be allowed the power that is 
 vested in the Kaiser. No one man in any 
 nation should be given the power to decide 
 its destinies or plunge it into a war. The 
 Kaiser was held to be a brilliant man, but 
 he is only human ; and there was never yet a 
 human being who could be trusted with un- 
 limited power over his fellows. Any man may 
 at any hour become a lunatic, and this disaster 
 may not be discovered for many weeks, so 
 long as his minor habits remain rational ; yet 
 in that brief time lie can undo, as the Kaiser 
 has undone, the work of generations. 
 
 Germany, as has been emphasized in other 
 chapters, cannot in any way be benefited by 
 a weakened France. The stronger and more 
 prosperous France is, the better for Germany. 
 Weak and downtrodden neighbours are of no 
 use to any country. Switzerland has no need 
 of a navy to effect the sale of its goods in 
 all parts of the world, or the investment of 
 its money, in foreign markets, or the universal 
 acceptance of its hotel workers and managers. 
 Any country that makes special goods at 
 cheaper prices commands in time the world's 
 markets, and its money, cheaper for foreign 
 countries than any other nation's money, forces 
 63
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 other nations to accept its financial aid. The 
 billions that Germany is now spending in war 
 would, if used in industry, create greater vic- 
 tories than any, that may be organized by its 
 field -marshals. German trade throughout the 
 world has increased during the last twenty 
 years by leaps and bounds. Their skill as 
 manufacturers, their patient attention to the 
 demands of the different markets, their clever 
 salesmen, their long credit given to their cus- 
 tomers, and the generous help given them by 
 their banks all these things were carrying 
 Germany forward with rapid strides, and 
 another twenty years of such activity would 
 have carried them to the leadership of the 
 world, and without any waste of life. This 
 march of progress was not accomplished by 
 the Dreadnoughts they have built, or by their 
 vast army or their war-chest ; it was accom- 
 plished by their industrious commercial men 
 and their close attention to all details of 
 business. 
 
 It is useless to hold in your hands a banner 
 stating that you are on your way to London, 
 and then walk in the direction of Petrograd. 
 You will not arrive. The inscription on your 
 banner will not take you west if you walk east. 
 The more a nation prepares for war, the more 
 64
 
 The Great Tragedy 
 
 of its past successes it loses. A man may take 
 morphine to relieve him of pain, and before 
 he realizes what is happening the drug has 
 become a habit. He may live for years, but 
 if he continues the practice it will in time 
 master him, and one day, very suddenly, the 
 collapse will come, and all his life's work will 
 be ruined. William II did wonders for Ger- 
 many. He created Greater Germany, and he 
 led the way in art, science, industry, and social 
 reform. But the military bee in his bonnet was 
 like the morphine. For years it has been 
 steadily undermining Germany, and now comes 
 the collapse, and the wonderful edifice falls 
 to the ground. He could have gone down to 
 history as one of the greatest men of the world . 
 He could have arranged with France a mutual 
 agreement for disarmament ; and England and 
 Russia would no doubt have been willing to 
 fall in line and cease the construction of 
 Dreadnoughts. He could have gained the 
 admiration of the whole world, and the name 
 of Germany would have been respected every- 
 where, and its progress would have been given 
 an unprecedented impetus. He would have 
 secured his throne to his family for generations 
 to come, and would have passed his declining 
 years in a peace and veneration which few 
 
 65 E
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 monarchs have realized. He could have used 
 the money now being wasted in the upbuilding 
 of the most powerful commercial and industrial 
 force conceivable, and in so doing could have 
 lifted all other nations to a higher plane. 
 
 What a victory this would have been for one 
 man a victory beside which the achievements 
 of Napoleon become tawdry and insignificant. 
 There was nothing to prevent his doing it, 
 save the domination of the military clique about 
 him, and this, if he wished, he could easily have 
 overcome. Even had he lost his throne in the 
 cause of peace he would still have left a name 
 to shine brightly through the pages of history 
 until the end of time. 
 
 In all the world Germany has no friend save 
 her weak allies, Austria and Turkey, both, no 
 doubt, regretting their action : both torn by 
 internal strife, and liable at any moment to be 
 destroyed by their own people for the mistakes 
 of their leaders. 
 
 The gigantic world trade of Germany is lost 
 for years. The man -power that engineered her 
 development is disappearing in masses every 
 day. Even victory would leave her economic 
 power shattered, and the hate now generated 
 will only be swept away by the oblivion of 
 time. The history of Rome will repeat itself. 
 66
 
 The Great Tragedy 
 
 The downfall of the Roman Empire was mainly 
 due to the loss of its best manhood in war. 
 Only the weakly and cowardly remained, and 
 the new generations were bred from this strain. 
 Out of every hundred thousand strong men 
 eighty thousand were slain. Out of every 
 hundred thousand weaklings, idiots, and 
 cowards, ninety-five thousand were left to 
 propagate. In France, under Napoleon, the 
 same conditions prevailed. Napoleon chose 
 the strongest and tallest men for his legions, 
 They bore the brunt of battle, and were left 
 dead in heaps on the snow -clad plains of 
 Russia. Out of six hundred thousand power- 
 ful young men, the flower of France, twenty 
 thousand ghosts of men returned, frost-bitten 
 and famished. 
 
 This result of the skimming of the strong 
 and brave of the nation as fodder for cannon 
 will be seen again in the German Empire at 
 the end of this world's tragedy. This tragedy 
 may and we hope it will clear the German 
 mind of the gospel of frightfulness, wash it 
 clear of the idea that the gun is the handmaid 
 of progress, cure it of the domination of 
 Prussian Militarism, and leave the people 
 years of peace in which they may again up- 
 build, as they assuredly will, in the right direc- 
 67
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 tion. But they will have almost as great a task 
 in shovelling off the ashes of hate and the lava 
 of discredit as Pompeii and Herculaneum had 
 to arise from the ashes and lava of Vesuvius. 
 The volcano of militarism was as dangerous 
 for Germany as Vesuvius was to these cities. 
 Its ashes, it is true, are being erupted outside 
 its own territory, but they are drifting also 
 into Germany, destroying the world's respect, 
 crippling its shipping business, and ruining its 
 great foreign trade. And when Peace comes 
 Germany will be digging herself out while 
 other countries will have secured much of her 
 former business, and the label Made in 
 Germany will be as unwelcome as a label 
 reading Made in Hades. 
 
 68
 
 GOD, ALLAH, AND ME 
 
 I'LL build for myself a tower of fame 
 With the lives of a million or two, 
 
 And leave more wrecks on the shore of time 
 Than Napoleon or Caesar could do. 
 
 On the battlefield my K^ultur I'll stamp 
 With the blood of the young and the bold, 
 
 And march again to the heart of France 
 As my grandsire did of old. 
 
 I'll call on God to bless my cause, 
 Curse all who oppose my aim ; 
 
 To my royal will the world will bow 
 As I lead to the road of fame. 
 
 The compassionate Turk if led by me 
 Will unite the Mohammedan fold, 
 
 And Egypt again by the Crescent be ruled 
 As it was in the days of old. 
 
 I'll march my men to the Dover Straits, 
 
 And control the English Sea, 
 And the only rulers this world will have 
 
 Will be God and Allah and me. 
 
 69
 
 Calling on God and Allah 
 
 THE German Emperor believes, and assumes 
 that his people believe, in the divine right of 
 the Hohenzollern monarchy to guide and 
 govern the Empire of Germany. This faded 
 superstition of divine right, this unhealthy 
 idea that " the king can do no wrong," died 
 in England, and in most other progressive 
 countries, in the seventeenth century. It is 
 the superstition that caused Charles I to fall 
 and lose his head, and his decline and extinc- 
 tion may yet be repeated. 
 
 In all the Kaiser's proclamations the idea is 
 promulgated that the torch and the sword are 
 God's tools. But the altar of God and con- 
 quest by sword and torch never can be recon- 
 ciled ; they are as far apart as the East is 
 from the West ; and the spectacle of the 
 Kaiser calling on God to bless his arms in 
 their career of murder and spoliation would 
 be farcical if the results were not so tragic. 
 Can he furnish any sane reason why he should 
 70
 
 Calling on God and Allah 
 
 be blessed in the devastation of France, 
 Belgium, and Poland, the ruin of their cities, 
 the rape of their women, and the mutilation 
 of their children ? Have these countries done 
 anything to incur the displeasure of the 
 Almighty, and has Germany done anything 
 that places it above other nations in the grace 
 of God? Can the Kaiser seriously expect 
 blessings to follow him and his soldiers with 
 their inflammable bombs, intruding into peace- 
 ful countries whose people were proceeding 
 quietly in the paths of industry, and inflicting 
 needless agonies upon towns and villages, and 
 horror after horror upon their inhabitants? 
 With his broken treaties and his co-operation 
 with the unspeakable Turk, a nation whose 
 foundations are intrigue and deceit, can he 
 expect God's blessing upon such acts ? Ap- 
 parently he can and does, and apparently he 
 has so mesmerized his people that they, too, 
 believe in the justice of his acts. The follow- 
 ing letter, sent by a German to an American 
 friend, illustrates this dog-like devotion : 
 
 . . . But peace is still so far off. The Christmas chimes 
 will not, as was believed at the beginning, be the bells of 
 peace. If we only, with God's help, succeed in finishing 
 with France and Belgium, then we shall go for the chief 
 enemy, England. The inhabitants of France and Belgium 
 
 71
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 evoke our sympathy, but England inflames in us an unquench- 
 able hatred and contempt. And what if victory is denied us ? 
 Many a one in that event will doubt the existence of a just 
 God, but no one, no one, will raise his hand or his voice 
 against the Kaiser. We know too well how correctly he acted. 
 
 Notice the arrogance of the remark : " If we 
 only, with God's help, succeed in finishing with 
 France and Belgium." Apparently they are 
 not satisfied that seven million people in 
 Belgium are, most of them, homeless and in 
 want ; they would finish them as one exter- 
 minates a pest. His concluding remark also 
 demands attention : "If victory is denied us 
 many a one . . . will doubt the existence of 
 a just God." It is safe to say that if victory 
 should be granted them the rest of the world 
 will become doubters. 
 
 A late proclamation from the Emperor, 
 which follows, is yet another example of the 
 trend of his mind : 
 
 MY DEAR AND FAITHFUL SOLDIERS, 
 
 Thanks to your valour France has been severely 
 punished, and Belgium has been added to the glorious 
 provinces of Germany. You know that our punitive expedi- 
 tion into Russia has been a brilliant success. 
 
 But now we must turn to the new task of protecting our 
 hearths which moribund France and barbarous Russia are 
 preparing to attack. Henceforward our military operations 
 will take a new form which will soon be intelligible to you, 
 my dear soldiers. 
 
 72
 
 Calling on God and Allah 
 
 Your trial has come for you and all Germany. It is 
 necessary to concentrate our energies on the repulse of our 
 enemies, for, otherwise, they aim to transform our free 
 country into enslaved and degraded provinces of France and 
 Russia. 
 
 If Germany is dear to you, if the culture and faith of the 
 nation and Emperor are dear to you, you will offer the enemy 
 worthy resistance. Do not make a single step backward into 
 our country. Remember that behind us destruction threatens ; 
 it is only before us that happiness lies. For country, for 
 glory, forward, faithful friends ! 
 
 In the above gem the Kaiser describes 
 France as moribund, which is rather a back- 
 handed compliment to his own troops ; for if 
 a moribund people has driven the Germans 
 so far back in Alsace, it does not say much 
 for the vitality of the resistance offered. In 
 the third paragraph he fears that Germany, in 
 the event of failure, may become a degraded 
 province of France. It is difficult to perceive 
 the implied degradation. The conduct of the 
 war by the French has been of the highest 
 character, in so far as respect of the laws of 
 humanity is concerned, while Germany's per- 
 formances in the field have been so uncivi- 
 lized as to degrade any nation that became her 
 vassal. 
 
 But while the Kaiser is doing all in his power 
 to mesmerize his people (and, up to the pre- 
 sent, succeeding very well) in the belief that 
 73
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 God is with them, the Turk is doing all in his 
 power to harness up Allah to his chariot of war, 
 and with all the Oriental trimmings of pic- 
 turesque effect, from minaret to minaret, the 
 priests of the Mohammedan faith are calling 
 its followers to Holy War. As things are, 
 however, it will be seen that the history books 
 of the future will record two failures : the 
 failure to stir up Holy War and the failure of 
 the Unholy War begun by a fanatic. 
 
 The German people are a great people, and 
 it is probable that the majority of them who 
 live through this horror will realize the folly of 
 it all, and will join in any movement making 
 for peace. Fathers who have spent months 
 in the trenches, or have suffered for days in 
 the field or the hospitals, will not desire that 
 their sons should undergo their pains and 
 privations at a monarch's whim, and thousands 
 of men with empty coat -sleeves will not prove 
 any incentive towards the nourishment of the 
 war -idea in the public mind. If the German 
 people can be caught in this mood by a world- 
 wide peace propaganda, there is no doubt that 
 they can be lured to the ranks of the army of 
 peace, and made to realize that God is a God 
 of love, and that Allah they need not consider. 
 
 When we desire a verdict in any court, the 
 74
 
 Calling on God and f Allah 
 
 first essential is to have a clear case, with 
 distinct evidence that we are entitled to a 
 verdict under the laws of our country. Now 
 the laws that govern the Christian world are 
 the Ten Commandments in the Old Testament 
 and the Golden Rule in the New Testament. 
 Let us consider the evidence for Germany 
 whereby they may expect the help of God, 
 in the light of His laws. 
 
 The first commandment" Thou shalt have 
 no other gods before Me "they have broken, 
 since their god is the Kaiser and militarism. 
 
 The second commandment" Thou shalt not 
 make unto thee any graven image "they have 
 broken : their graven image is their Krupp 
 gun and their Zeppelin. 
 
 The third commandment" Thou shalt not 
 take the name of the Lord thy God in vain " 
 they have broken by their claim that God is 
 with them in the destruction of His temples 
 and their war of devastation. Cardinal Mer- 
 cier's Pastoral Letter, from which the follow- 
 ing passage is quoted, is perhaps the most 
 dignified condemnation of their atrocities : 
 
 Churches, schools, asylums, hospitals, convents, in great 
 numbers are in ruins. In this dear city of Louvain, the 
 ancient college of St. Ives, the art schools, the consular and 
 commercial schools of the university, the old markets, our 
 
 75
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 rich library with its collections, its unique and unpublished 
 MSS., its archives, its gallery of great portraits of illustrious 
 rectors, chancellors, professors, dating from the time of its 
 foundation, which preserved for masters and students alike 
 a noble tradition, and were an incitement to their studies ; all 
 this accumulation of intellectual, historic, and artistic riches, 
 the fruit of the labours of five centuries, all is in the dust. 
 
 The fourth commandment" Remember the 
 Sabbath Day to keep it holy "they have 
 broken., since every Sunday the work of pre- 
 paration for war and war itself proceeds with- 
 out interruption. 
 
 The fifth commandment" Honour thy 
 father and thy mother "we must admit they 
 have not broken, but have observed it perhaps 
 as faithfully as any other people. 
 
 The sixth commandment" Thou shalt not 
 kill "they have broken more flagrantly than 
 any other nation, as thousands of non-com- 
 batants have been killed outside the battlefield. 
 
 The seventh commandment" Thou shalt 
 not commit adultery "they have broken in 
 such numerous cases that perhaps the best 
 commentary is the following message from 
 Reuter which appeared recently in the 
 English Press : 
 
 M. Maurice Barres has proposed a law ad hoc, providing 
 that in districts invaded by the enemy, women who fall 
 
 76
 
 Calling on God and Allah 
 
 victims to his violence may ask the mayor to have the child 
 registered as " born of an unknown father and mother." The 
 mayor would automatically consent, and the child would, if 
 so desired, be consigned to an orphanage. M. Barres hopes 
 that by this means families will be able, when they wish, to 
 remove all traces of these pollutions as much as is humanly 
 possible 
 
 M. Louis Martin will shortly lay before the Senate two 
 measures for the relief of women who have suffered from 
 the violence of the enemy's troops during the occupation 
 of the invaded territory. The first Bill provides for the 
 temporary suspension, in the said territory, under certain 
 conditions, of the penalties for abortion, and the second 
 arranges for the establishment of homes for foundlings. 
 
 The eighth commandment" Thou shalt not 
 steal "they have broken every day. Pillage 
 and looting have been the regular accompani- 
 ment to the advance of their army. Art trea- 
 sures, libraries, total effects of homes and 
 castles, have been sent by train -load to 
 Germany. Stores have been robbed of their 
 stocks by the soldiers, and whatever could not 
 be removed was wantonly destroyed. 
 
 The ninth commandment" Thou shalt not 
 bear false witness "has been broken by every 
 German diplomat in spoken utterance and in 
 official documents explaining the causes of the 
 war. They have declared that England began 
 it, in face of the fact that England made no 
 move until well after Belgium's neutrality had 
 77
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 been violated. Germany was fully aware for 
 six months before the war that Austria in- 
 tended to attack Servia, and the whole plan 
 of operations was outlined in books published 
 two years ago, books which, such as " The 
 German War Book," deliberately encourage 
 lying, as well as more hideous practices, if 
 anything is to be gained thereby. 
 
 The tenth commandment" Thou shalt not 
 covet "they have broken throughout their 
 career as a nation. They coveted Denmark, 
 and seized Schleswig-Holstein. They coveted 
 Italy. They coveted France, and seized 
 Alsace and Lorraine. They coveted Belgium, 
 and all that it had, and they have taken it 
 for the time being. 
 
 Thus, out of God's Ten Commandments, nine 
 of them are broken flagrantly every day by 
 these self-styled children of God. In the same 
 way they have treated Christ's Golden Rule. 
 Either one believes in the Biblical law and acts 
 upon it ; or, if one does not act upon it, it is 
 fair to assume that he does not believe. The 
 Kaiser presumes to avail himself of the divine 
 blessings, while, at the same time, taking a 
 goodly share of the earthly benefits meted out 
 to followers of the evil one . If God is the God 
 of love, then the Kaiser's appeal for victory in 
 78
 
 Calling on God and Allah 
 
 his bloodthirsty charge across Europe must fail, 
 and he must expect to reap only a reward of 
 bitter herbs, sackcloth and ashes, the aftermath 
 of the sowing of sin. 
 
 Lest it be thought that the stories of the 
 diabolical outrages committed by German 
 troops are imagined or exaggerated, some 
 extracts are given below from the private 
 letters and diaries of German soldiers. Their 
 own pens, therefore, substantiate this indict- 
 ment, and condemn them : 
 
 At Blamont. The villagers fled. It was horrible. All 
 the houses are spattered with blood, and the faces of the 
 dead are hideous. There were a lot of old women among 
 them, and one women enceinte, the whole thing too horrible. 
 Three children had clung to one another and died like that. 
 The altar and the arches of the church had collapsed. I saw 
 a mother and her two little children ; one had a great wound 
 on the head, and one had an eye put out. 
 
 At Dinant. Terrifyingly splendid spectacle. At the 
 entrance of the village were about fifty villagers shot for 
 having treacherously fired on our troops. During the night 
 many others were shot, so that we counted over two hundred. 
 Women and children with lamps in their hands had to 
 witness this terrible spectacle. We ate our rice among the 
 corpses. 
 
 At Langeviller. Village destroyed by the Eleventh Pioneer 
 Battalion. Saw the first dead here : three women hanging 
 on a tree. 
 
 79
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 The same. We thus destroyed eight houses with their 
 inhabitants. In one alone two men with their wives and a 
 girl of eighteen were killed with the bayonet. It went to my 
 heart to see the girl killed, she had such an innocent look ; 
 but there was nothing to be done with the excited mass, for 
 then they are not men but beasts. 
 
 Some of the correspondents and diarists do 
 not hesitate to make outspoken criticism of 
 the conduct of their brothers -in-arms. Thus, 
 one member of the Landwehr writes : 
 
 Since yesterday the sixth company behaved here not like 
 soldiers, but like common thieves and robbers. They are 
 a dishonour to our regiment and our army. 
 
 In conclusion, here is a letter from the front, 
 published unblushingly in a German news- 
 paper, and headed " A Day of Honour for 
 our Regiment " : 
 
 We come to a dip in the ground. Dead and wounded 
 French lie about in piles. The wounded are beaten or 
 stabbed to death, for we know that as soon as we are past 
 these rascals will shoot us in the back. A Frenchy lies 
 stretched out there, his face to the ground, but he is only 
 feigning death. A kick from a strapping private lets him 
 know we are here. Turning over he cries " Pardon ! " but 
 the next moment he is pinned to the earth. The uncanny 
 cracking from my side comes from the blows which one of 
 our men is raining down with the butt end of his musket 
 on the bald head of a Frenchman. He was wisely using a 
 French rifle for this work, in order not to smash his own. 
 80
 
 Calling on God and Allah 
 
 Particularly soft-hearted men finish off the French with a 
 bullet ; the others hack and stab as hard as they can. At 
 the entrance of the leaf shelters the French wounded lie 
 whinnying for quarter, but our brave soldiers spare the 
 Fatherland the expense of nursing our numerous enemies. 
 
 The report of the English Committee on 
 alleged German outrages, appointed by the 
 British Government, is an appalling record for 
 people that ask God's help in victory. 
 Among the more atrocious crimes which are 
 recorded are : 
 
 The breasts of women were slashed and their legs were 
 cut off. 
 
 Babies were bayoneted (numerous cases). 
 
 One baby of three was nailed to a door by its hands and feet. 
 
 Pregnant women were bayoneted. 
 
 Priests were tortured and murdered. 
 
 Machine-guns were turned upon crowds of civilians, women 
 and children. 
 
 Whole families were burned alive. 
 
 Hands were cut off some of the victims. 
 
 In some cases women were slaughtered after violation. 
 
 Add to this the sinking of the Lusitania, with 
 its hundreds of men, women, and children, 
 and the testimony of German soldiers regard- 
 ing the shooting of British prisoners, and it 
 is impossible to find any reason for the German 
 battle-cry, " Gott mit uns." But there is no 
 doubt of Hell and all of its legions being with 
 them. 
 
 81 F
 
 War is Mesmerism 
 
 MESMERISM : Different dictionaries define it as the act of 
 inducing an abnormal state of the nervous system, in which 
 the thoughts and acts of the person or persons are controlled 
 by others. 
 
 WHAT makes war, and why will a so-called 
 Christian nation consider a thing so brutal, 
 destructive, and unavailing? In its normal 
 state it would not ; therefore when a nation 
 entertains the war-thought it is not in a normal 
 state. In times of peace if a steamer sinks 
 and a few hundred lives are lost all nations 
 are stirred and shocked, while, at the same 
 time, they are building death -dealing machines 
 designed to mow men down like grass. The 
 more deadly the machine the louder the nation 
 crows over it. What starts the war-thought? 
 Some supposed insult is received from some 
 rival nation intended or not does not alter the 
 fact of the matter so long as it looks like an 
 insult. Or perhaps the commercial spirit of 
 some other nation is making inroads on their 
 foreign trade. The papers take this up, write 
 82
 
 War is Mesmerism 
 
 columns on this perhaps slight incident, and 
 blow it up like a hot-air bag, until the public 
 come to regard it as a very serious affront. 
 They hold public meetings, and men with lan- 
 guagitis, who are longing for a chance to air 
 their vocabularies, hand out a wonderful flow 
 of words about the nation's glory, the greatness 
 of its heroes, and the victories of the past. The 
 people are soon excited, and the mesmerism 
 starts. The rulers and governors impress upon 
 the people their " duty to the Fatherland," and 
 the mesmerism increases. Bands and orches- 
 tras play only national airs : nothing else is 
 acceptable. The theatres produce plays de- 
 signed to arouse national patriotism. Soldiers 
 constantly parade, and are received with great 
 applause. Children drop their usual games, 
 and drill and fight mimic battles. The papers 
 continue their columns of disquieting editorials. 
 The shops for the manufacture of war materials 
 are working night and day. 
 
 The nation is by this time drunk with 
 mesmerism, and goes to war. It fights until 
 exhausted or bankrupt. Peace is declared. 
 But thousands of homes are empty ; thousands 
 are crippled for life ; thousands have con- 
 tracted disease to hand down to their posterity 
 to the third and fourth generation. The mes- 
 83
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 merism is broken ; but what hell it has caused, 
 what scars it has left ! The soldiers went to 
 battle steeped in hate. They fought against 
 men whom they might otherwise have asso- 
 ciated with in peace. 
 
 Peace is declared, and now the different 
 armies mingle ; the men exchange bread and 
 clothes ; they eat together. The officers of 
 the opposing armies dine with each other and 
 swear everlasting friendship, and wonder what 
 they have been fighting about. It was 
 mesmerism . 
 
 Could there be a more telling illustration of 
 the statement that the sins of the fathers shall 
 be visited upon the children unto the third and 
 fourth generation than that which is provided 
 by the present war? In this case it is not 
 alone the children of the mesmerized nations 
 Germany, Austria, and Turkey but the chil- 
 dren of those forced to the war by the sheer 
 necessity of defending themselves against these 
 fanatics who will suffer. They also will carry 
 burdens unto the third and fourth and perhaps 
 fifth and sixth generations . 
 
 Think of the contrast between a people under 
 
 the spell of the war idea and the same people 
 
 freed from it. In all lands are hospitals for 
 
 the blind, the maimed, the aged, and the help- 
 
 84
 
 War is Mesmerism 
 
 less ; and millions of private and public money 
 are spent in supporting these charities. Men 
 and women devote their lives to helping the 
 sick and the fallen, and restoring men, women, 
 and children to lives of health, happiness, and 
 usefulness. The needy of any nation find 
 shelter at these 'establishments. It makes no 
 difference whether they be English, Japanese, 
 Russian, Malay, or of any other nationality : 
 the doors are wide open. Yet these same 
 people help to maintain great armies and navies 
 with which to cripple their brothers at such 
 times as the mesmeric spell of war seizes them. 
 One or two Dreadnoughts can do in one hour 
 an amount of damage many times in excess of 
 the good that can be wrought by a charitable 
 institution in a whole year. 
 
 On one side of the street of life are the 
 clouds of malice and hate (mesmerism), and 
 on the other side the golden sun of love and 
 mercy (freedom from mesmerism). Were the 
 peoples of the civilized nations to see the war- 
 dances of the North American Indians, as 
 practised forty years ago, they would look 
 upon them as ridiculous. Yet they mesmerize 
 themselves by continued contemplation of the 
 war-idea as thoroughly as ever the Indians 
 did with their physical contortions. If it were 
 85
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 not so there would be no war, since the exist- 
 ence of these charitable institutions proves that 
 the natural traits of the people, under normal 
 conditions, are directed towards kindliness and 
 benevolence, and the very idea of the taking 
 of life is regarded with horror. In peaceful 
 times a plain case of murder will hold the entire 
 attention of a nation, even though the provoca- 
 tion may have been so acute as to throw the 
 weight of sympathy on the prisoner's side. Or 
 an affair such as that of Dreyfus will shake a 
 nation to its very foundations. 
 
 Yet these people will contemplate as legiti- 
 mate an army killing old men and women, 
 stabbing and mutilating children, and shooting 
 husbands in the presence of their wives : inci- 
 dents of which we have any number of well- 
 authenticated examples from Belgium. 
 
 War is insanity : plain, simple insanity ; a 
 brutal and unavailing method of settling dis- 
 putes, since construction does not come from 
 destruction, or national life from national 
 death. It is the more demonstrably insane 
 since one mesmerized nation, like Germany, 
 can plunge nearly half the world into a blood- 
 struggle out of which nothing of good can 
 possibly come. There is not even material 
 gain in it ; for though the conqueror may 
 86
 
 War is Mesmerism 
 
 compel the conquered to pay, shall we say, 
 ten times the amount that Germany exacted 
 from France in 1870, the cost of waging war 
 is far heavier than any indemnity can be, and 
 the lives that are lost destroy productive values 
 to the conquered and the conqueror alike. The 
 gold value of the lives lost is greater than the 
 gold value of the loot received. One creates, 
 the other earns interest . The damaged markets 
 of the conquered injure the conqueror to an 
 incalculable extent . Trade and wealth go hand 
 in hand. Four millions killed which will be 
 the result of this war destroys prosperity in 
 trade. If, for example, it were possible for 
 Germany to conquer England, seize all the 
 gold in the Bank of England and divide it 
 among the people of Germany, each person 
 would have enough to live on for a few days, 
 provided the expenses were light. But 
 the fact that this could possibly be done 
 would so depreciate values in Germany that 
 nobody would be better off, and the cash so 
 gained would work out at a loss. The money 
 would command such a higher rate of interest 
 as to render the annual charges on capital far 
 in excess of normal ; the market value of all 
 investments would suffer ; and, moreover, to 
 gain this questionable prize Germany would 
 87
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 ruin one of her best customers, and spend 
 nealy two million pounds a day in doing it, to 
 say nothing of thousands and thousands of its 
 most fruitful lives. The loss of life and pro- 
 perty in England would be on an equally high 
 scale so high that no German living to-day 
 would live long enough to see his country as 
 prosperous as she was before the defeat of 
 her supposed enemy was accomplished. The 
 " success " would show itself as the greatest of 
 failures that the world has yet seen, since 
 England has been Germany's best customer, 
 buying far more from Germany than she sells 
 to her. 
 
 But let us suppose, for illustration, that the 
 victory was an accomplished fact, and that all 
 factories in England were destroyed, thus 
 assuring that all products now made in that 
 country for its people's use were in future made 
 in Germany. England would become a vassal 
 province. Before long, however, it would be 
 realized that German factories were inadequate 
 for dealing with this vastly increased trade. 
 New factories would have to be built and 
 fresh capital furnished, both of which would 
 take time . Germany would be short of money, 
 and as militarism would then be dominant, 
 and as Russia is far greater and stronger than 
 88
 
 War is Mesmerism 
 
 Germany, capitalists would fear that what 
 Germany had done to England might be done 
 by Russia to Germany. Further, after the 
 enormous drain on the young manhood of the 
 country, difficulty would be experienced in pro- 
 curing the necessary labour ; and, as England 
 would then be part of Germany, the idle men 
 in the former country would be forced to 
 take positions in factories and workshops in 
 Germany. 
 
 Now from whatever standpoint we regard 
 it, any seeming prosperity or success attending 
 on war is a mirage, a delusion, where the un- 
 real is seen as the real through the mesmeric 
 clouds which confuse the judgments of men. 
 It is all a treadmill, and you get off where 
 you got on minus money, lives, property, and 
 labour lost during hostilities. 
 
 THE MESMERISM OF SIZE 
 
 Perhaps the greatest of all hallucinations is 
 that the size of a nation brings prosperity. 
 Germany conquered France in 1870, but to- 
 day French bonds command higher prices and 
 lower rates of interest than those of Germany ; 
 and merchants and manufacturers in France 
 have been able, for more than twenty years, 
 to get from their banks more favourable rates 
 89
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 than Germans can get from theirs. In 
 Holland, Belgium, and Switzerland the people 
 are richer, per capita, than the people of Ger- 
 many ; and, further, they are free from the 
 strain of the upkeep of such enormous armies 
 and navies. Had Germany been a hundred 
 miles from the sea it would have needed no 
 navy to protect it, while at the same time its 
 products would have reached the markets of 
 the world in the same way as do those of 
 Switzerland, and its people would have been 
 free from the machinations of the great Navy 
 League which was for ever preaching war and 
 preparing and inflaming public opinion toward 
 the present debacle. 
 
 The size of a nation does not assure propor- 
 tionate prosperity, nor do its armies and navies . 
 The man who can sell his chickens for is. 6d. 
 does better than the man who only gets is. 
 The former may live in a country where there 
 are only 10,000,000 hens, while the latter 
 may live where there are 110,000,000. The 
 number of hens in his country does not help 
 him towards obtaining a good price. Canada 
 is part of the British Empire, yet England does 
 not control it in any way ; she has practically 
 not one word to say in its government ; and 
 she receives no benefit in the way of trade or 
 90
 
 War is Mesmerism 
 
 money that Germany, Belgium, Switzerland, 
 or the United States does not receive. When 
 a German salesman in South America makes 
 a cheaper price than his competitor, gives better 
 terms, or packs the goods as the purchaser de- 
 sires, he gets the order. The fact that England 
 has the largest navy, or that the population of 
 Germany is twice that of the former country, 
 does not deter the purchaser from giving the 
 order to a German firm. These points simply 
 do not enter his mind, and hereby we see that 
 all the world is, for practical purposes, a colony 
 for any nation that has the skill and ability to 
 secure the trade that is going. War does not 
 in any way, even if it adds ten millions to the 
 population of the conquering nation, assist in 
 the conditions enumerated above. Sixteen 
 years ago Spain lost all her colonies, yet since 
 this loss she has been more prosperous than 
 when she possessed them. As another in- 
 stance, the average Hollander is twice as 
 wealthy as his neighbour in Germany ; yet 
 if Holland could to-morrow acquire Belgium, 
 this coup would not put another sixpence in 
 the pocket of the Hollander. Rather it would 
 take sixpence out, since he would be forced 
 to contribute to the upkeep of a navy and 
 a standing army, lest his neighbours rob him
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 of his new property. Germany has gained 
 nothing by the annexation of Alsace and 
 Lorraine ; these provinces have been an unend- 
 ing source of trouble and bitter feeling, and 
 have brought far more loss than gain. Simi- 
 larly, had Austria never taken over Bosnia and 
 Herzegovina, this present trouble would not 
 have arisen with Servia. The possession of 
 these countries has bred in the minds of their 
 owners the mesmerism of fear, and this fear 
 has bred heavy armaments and War. 
 
 WAR MESMERISM AS A REAL DISEASE 
 
 There is no doubt that war is a microbe that 
 gets into the blood and the system of man and 
 upsets the mind, distorts the vision, makes the 
 unreal seem real, makes wrong look right, sees 
 prosperity where no prosperity can be, 'weakens, 
 depletes, and undermines the people, and pro- 
 duces an epidemic the same as cholera, or any 
 other contagious disease. If it were looked 
 upon and considered for what it really is a 
 disease then, at the first approach of its symp- 
 toms, men would fight it, attempt to shake it 
 off, and the various Governments would put 
 those who preached it and talked it into 
 isolated wards, as one puts infectious cases 
 into hospitals or strike agitators into prison. 
 92
 
 War is Mesmerism 
 
 What can come from this war as a final result ? 
 Nothing good for any one ; nothing better than 
 can come from an epidemic of cholera. In- 
 deed, such an epidemic would be far better 
 for the people at large. It would not destroy 
 property ; its cost would not be so great ; it 
 would make men more charitable, and would 
 draw them together on the basis of common 
 brotherhood. It would take the weak first, 
 leaving the strong, and thus would benefit the 
 generations to come. It would awaken men to 
 a sense of our mutual destiny, and bring peace 
 and charity instead of hate and distrust. In 
 fighting this disease all national boundaries 
 would disappear : all creeds, all races, would 
 be forgotten for the time being. 
 
 Suppose that, just as this war were about to 
 start, in a dozen great cities of Europe a 
 plague of cholera had broken out. The war 
 would have been postponed and forgotten, and 
 the same men now bent on killing one another 
 would have joined forces to save and succour. 
 Love and charity would have overpowered the 
 microbe of hate and destruction, and when 
 the epidemic had passed nations would have 
 found themselves so united in their battle 
 against a common enemy that their evil 
 intentions would have disappeared. 
 93
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 One of the favourite experiments in mes- 
 merism is to have the subject look at a small 
 metal disc in his hand and concentrate his 
 mind upon it, thus making the task of the 
 mesmerist so much easier. It is the same with 
 Germany. In her case it is the officers' minds 
 that were concentrated on the metal disc that 
 lay at Potsdam the war-chest. 
 
 War is national delirium. Persons or 
 nations infected with this disease see visions 
 to the same degre as the person who drinks 
 or smokes opium to excess. They project 
 mirages of the mind that never arrive. What 
 strange visions the Emperor William must have 
 had to imagine that a European war could in 
 any way hasten the progress of Germany 1 
 Within the last forty years it has made greater 
 progress than has ever before been seen in 
 the world's history, and progress which could 
 only have been made during an era of peace. 
 
 The more obstacles we place in the way of 
 war the less war talk there will be, the less the 
 war ghost will stalk the earth, and the less 
 influence will the war mesmerists have on 
 mankind. If you doubt that war is mesmerism, 
 then read the following from the Daily Mail. 
 If the men there mentioned had been in their 
 normal minds, they could not have partici- 
 94
 
 War is Mesmerism 
 
 pated in such cruelty ; and it is impossible to 
 define German kultur except as mesmerism of 
 the worst kind : 
 
 A terrible story of German brutality towards the French 
 wounded fallen in an attack on the enemy's trenches was told 
 in the Journal yesterday. On Christmas Eve the French, 
 who occupied Upper Aspach, in Alsace, decided to endeavour 
 to drive the Germans from their positions in Lower Aspach. 
 A party of Pioneers volunteered to cut the barbed wire before 
 the enemy's trenches, and went out in the early morning under 
 the leadership of a French Alsatian named Oberreiner, who 
 had been born in the village, and knew the ground well. 
 Protected by a mist which rose from the ground they reached 
 the German entanglements, and were half-way through their 
 task when one of the men touched a wire on which a bell was 
 hanging. An instant after the blinding glare of searchlights 
 was turned along the front of the German line, and a pitiless 
 storm of bullets from rifles and quickfirers swept the ground, 
 laying low the whole party. 
 
 So much was fair warfare. What followed was sheer 
 brutality. The Germans kept their rifles turned towards the 
 spot, and any sign of life on the part of the wounded or an 
 attempt to crawl to the shelter of the French trenches was 
 greeted during the day with bullets. With glasses the French 
 officers could see that seven survivors had managed to bind 
 each others' wounds with their surgical equipment. Bearers 
 volunteered to go and rescue the wounded men, but were shot 
 dead in the attempt. The Red Cross flag was not respected, 
 and the first man who attempted to venture forth under its 
 cover was shot dead. 
 
 The Germans refused an armistice, and all the following 
 night kept the pitiless eye of the searchlight on the spot where 
 the wounded lay. Oberreiner, who was one of the survivors, 
 
 95
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 tried to appeal to them in German, but his words were 
 received with brutal shouts and laughter, which could be heard 
 in the French trenches. Oberreiner, the last survivor of the 
 twenty-five, still lived on the morning of the 26th. At about 
 four in the afternoon, thirty-five hours after he had been 
 wounded, feeling that death was near, he turned his face to 
 the German trenches and tried to sing the " Marseillaise." 
 The Germans, by order, drowned the sound of his weak voice 
 with " Die Wacht am Rhine." When their singing had 
 stopped Oberreiner was dead. 
 
 THE MESMERISM OF WAR INDEMNITIES 
 
 One of the greatest hallucinations regarding 
 war is that there is any profit in the extortion 
 of indemnity from the conquered nation. In 
 such a case as the destruction of Belgium, an 
 indemnity to restore property damaged is justi- 
 fied ; but in no other circumstances can it be 
 justified. Germany wrung a huge indemnity 
 from France after 1870, but she has never 
 received the least profit from that money. The 
 amount was two hundred million pounds, or 
 five billiard francs. This looks like a goodly 
 sum, yet to-day France is richer, per capita, 
 than her conqueror, and had Germany not 
 exacted this sum, both nations would have 
 been better off. In the first place, Germany 
 has kept a large part of this money in its war- 
 chest at Potsdam, whereas, had it been left 
 in France, a large part of it would no doubt 
 .9.6
 
 War is Mesmerism 
 
 have gone to Germany in the course of legiti- 
 mate trade, and the fact that it had not been 
 extorted would have healed the wounds in- 
 flicted on France much sooner. It is prob- 
 ably a counsel of perfection, in this selfish 
 world, to suggest that any nation should rebate 
 or give up a war indemnity. Yet we have an 
 example of its having been done when the 
 United States, discovering that the indemnity 
 paid by China, after the Boxer insurrection, 
 was in excess of the cost of the campaign, 
 gave back a part of the sum received. 
 
 In considering the facts regarding this in- 
 demnity it is almost impossible to perceive any 
 direction in which Germany has really gained. 
 The fact that this gold was hoarded for so 
 many years in the Potsdam war -chest gave 
 Germany a sensation of power, of security, 
 perhaps of " swelled head," and, at the same 
 time, kept France on tenterhooks, and forced 
 her to maintain a greater army and navy than 
 would otherwise have been necessary. Fur- 
 ther, for each pound of indemnity received 
 by Germany, she has no doubt spent five in 
 war preparations, as well as the loss of interest 
 to date, assuming that the two hundred million 
 pounds has remained at Potsdam since the 
 Franco-German war i.e. forty-five years. For 
 97 G
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 the first fourteen and two -tenths years this sum 
 would have grown to one hundred and twenty 
 million pounds at 5 per cent, compound inte- 
 rest. For the second period, of the same dura- 
 tion, it would have amounted to two hundred 
 and forty-five million. For the third period, 
 which brings it up to a little less than forty- 
 three years, this money, if in the markets of 
 the world , would have amounted to four hun- 
 dred and eighty million pounds. Here, then, 
 is a loss in interest in forty-three years of four 
 hundred and twenty million pounds ; and the 
 increasing cost to Germany in guarding it, to 
 prevent its going back to France, may be con- 
 servatively estimated at two hundred million 
 pounds, or a total cost, in loss of interest and 
 expenses in defence, of six hundred and eighty 
 million pounds. 
 
 Some interesting details regarding this 
 war-chest appeared recently in The World 
 (London). It is kept in the Julius Tower at 
 Spandau, Berlin's most important protective 
 fortress. It is constructed of solid rocks of 
 basalt, and its foundations go down to a depth 
 i o feet lower than the bed of the River Spree . 
 The money is kept in iron chests, inscribed 
 with the names and addresses of the com- 
 manders of army corps and admirals of the 
 .98
 
 War is Mesmerism 
 
 fleet. In the event of war, these packages 
 were to be dispatched to the various desti- 
 nations. At stated times during the year all 
 the treasure is opened, counted, and weighed 
 by officers specially detailed by the Emperor 
 from all parts of Germany. It is a feature of 
 the " count " that these officers must give their 
 word of honour that they do not know one 
 another . 
 
 The defence of the tower is entrusted to 
 the 4th Grenadier Regiment of Guards and a 
 battery of artillery. At regular hours of the 
 night the interior of the tower is carefully 
 searched for thieves. During this search the 
 sentinels hold their arms ready to shoot any 
 suspected person. At the very bottom of the 
 tower, on the water-level, there is a guard- 
 room, the inmates of which have orders to 
 prevent the possibility of robbers gaining 
 entrance to the secret crypt by means of 
 tunnels . 
 
 It was this war-fund which was promptly 
 made use of when Germany mobilized last 
 July. It was this war -fund which enabled her 
 to pay cash down for motor-cars, horses, and 
 all kinds of stores and provisions. And it is 
 this war -fund, perhaps, which will yet have 
 proved her undoing. 
 
 99
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 THE SPECTACLES OF MESMERISM 
 
 Perhaps the strangest thing about war is 
 the changed view which people take of one 
 another when war is declared. It is as though 
 they had suddenly donned blue glasses, which 
 tinge everything with sombre hues. How dif- 
 ferent everything now looks ! At once the 
 directors of banks and manufacturing com- 
 panies of the contending nations become 
 objectionable to one another, though for years 
 they may have been welcome guests at their 
 respective tables. The English man or woman 
 who has married a German look upon their 
 life's partner with distrust. Even the children 
 feel the change in the family atmosphere, and 
 the faithful clerk, who has been trusted for 
 years, is no longer trusted even with the post- 
 ing of a letter. He is, no doubt, a spy. The 
 old waiter who has been so long in your hotel 
 or restaurant, and has ministered so faithfully 
 to your every want, is now looked upon with 
 suspicion ; he also is in the pay of his Govern- 
 ment. Your children must -part with their 
 devoted nurse. She must leave. Each letter 
 that she has mailed to Germany is, you feel 
 sure, a budget of valuable information, and 
 you marvel that you have never suspected her 
 before. In Germany it is the same. The 
 100
 
 War is Mesmerism 
 
 German would go barefooted before he would 
 go to his old English shoemaker. This an- 
 tagonism is not confined only to the present 
 generation ; it reaches across the sea, and sides 
 are taken even among those whose ancestors 
 may have come from the contending nations. 
 They also don their glasses of mesmerism and 
 take distorted views of their old friends. War 
 being .unnatural, all unnatural conditions 
 follow . 
 
 101
 
 Trudging the Road to Good- 
 ness Knows Where 
 
 ON to brave Belgium came KultuSs dread band, 
 At the point of the sword, at the Kaiser's command. 
 He vowed his allegiance to powers on high, 
 And heaven is awaiting his soldiers who die. 
 So out in the cold and out in the rain, 
 Out into suffering and hunger and pain, 
 Went the poor and the feeble with burdens and care, 
 All trudging the road to Goodness Knows Where. 
 
 Fair Belgium runs red with the blood of the slain, 
 For justice is dead in this war-sodden brain. 
 His armies sweep on in their death-dealing way, 
 And the young and the old are the dread cannon's prey. 
 So out into anguish and out into fear, 
 Out to the darkness when peril drew near ; 
 From palace and cot they fled in despair, 
 All trudging the road to Goodness Knows Where. 
 
 Jehovah is never a partner in crime, 
 As power-crazed kings will discover in time. 
 Their prayers to high heaven will never avail, 
 Their doom has been written ; their plottings will fail. 
 Then back to honour and back to power, 
 The world awaits that joyous hour, 
 When mad ambition has burst its spell, 
 And Belgium returns from the jaws of hell. 
 IO2
 
 Road to Goodness Knows Where 
 
 The flight of a thousand years will not efface 
 the stain upon the world's history caused by 
 the treatment of the Belgian people by Ger- 
 many. Belgium, which had no differences 
 with Germany, is laid waste, and its great 
 cities have been destroyed. Fire and slaughter 
 have been everywhere its portion. Its women 
 and children have been subjected to every 
 torture and indignity, and its old men killed 
 before the eyes of their wives and children. 
 Its ancient mediaeval structures, noted in song 
 and picture throughout the ages, are now but 
 heaps of ruins. Millions of tribute have been 
 levied upon its people. In some cities they 
 have been left with hardly enough to live 
 upon, and, but for the charity of the Ameri- 
 cans, thousands would have starved. Even 
 the exercise of this charity by neutrals has 
 been obstructed in every possible way by the 
 apostles of kultur. All these horrors have been 
 wrought by the army that claims God exclu- 
 sively as its field -marshal. The Turks, in 
 their palmiest days, could not have inflicted 
 more ingenious and diabolical tortures than 
 those wrought upon the Belgian people by 
 that Emperor who lifts his hands to heaven 
 and declares that the devastation he has been 
 forced to spread through this fair country 
 103
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 makes his heart bleed and fills his soul with 
 sorrow. 
 
 The violation of Belgium, he claims, was 
 entirely unpremeditated : only dire necessity 
 compelled it. Why, then, were those cement 
 foundations placed near important cities for the 
 mounting of heavy guns, and why were private 
 villas built with walls six feet thick, having 
 the resisting power of a fort? Why were 
 machine-guns concealed in different parts of 
 the country? Why not admit : " We have pre- 
 pared for this invasion for years ; it was part 
 of our plan of expansion. We needed the sea- 
 coast of Belgium, and we meant to have it. 
 If the ruin of Belgium were necessary for the 
 accomplishment of our plans, then we were 
 prepared to ruin her. No crime or cruelty 
 shall ever deter us from gaining our ends." 
 
 That would have been a plain statement of 
 the case as it really is, and it would have been 
 by far the better way, since Germany has not 
 succeeded by its lies in fooling any part of 
 the world. Her intentions are scrawled across 
 Belgium in her well-known handwriting, and 
 this evasion of facts is absurd. She main- 
 tains that the destruction of Louvain was neces- 
 sary and justified, since some members of the 
 civil population fired upon her soldiers. Does 
 104
 
 Road to Goodness Knows Where 
 
 a commander send his soldiers to battle and 
 not expect them to be fired upon? Before 
 this war broke out America was experiencing 
 trouble in the South, and sent its troops to 
 Vera Cruz. Immediately on their arrival 
 sharpshooters attacked them from the roofs of 
 houses, public buildings, and every other point 
 of vantage, and priests fired from the steeples 
 of the churches. Twenty -one men were killed. 
 Now, under the German plan, the United 
 States should at once have shelled Vera Cruz 
 to the ground. As a matter of fact, not 
 one building was destroyed ; no babies were 
 butchered ; no old men slaughtered ; no 
 women mutilated. It is true that at the time 
 of this occurrence the German formulas of pro- 
 cedure in such circumstances had not been 
 made public, but even if they had been we 
 know that the United States Government would 
 not have adopted them. Such slaughter, black- 
 mail, ferocity, and devastation as the Prussians 
 have displayed are only equalled in the records 
 of the barbaric ages, and the spectator of events 
 can only believe that such things are not spon- 
 taneous, but rather part of a deep-laid plan. 
 Germany never anticipated the courageous re- 
 sistance of Belgium, never thought that the 
 heroic Albert and his men could present any 
 105
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 hindrance to her march on Paris or her annexa- 
 tion of a coast-line from which she could 
 accomplish the overthrow of the British 
 Empire. Now she is probably fearing that 
 she must postpone her plans or retreat ; but, 
 before she leaves Belgium, it would seem to 
 be her intention so to destroy the country that 
 it cannot for generations recover, and when a 
 fresh violation of its territory is attempted it 
 will be unable to offer any but the weakest 
 resistance. If this is not the idea, then why 
 continue, as she is continuing, to bombard de- 
 fenceless cities containing neither soldiery nor 
 artillery, but only peaceful non-combatants ? 
 
 Suppose, for a moment, that she can conquer 
 and hold Belgium : she will be no better off. 
 She will control the great port of Antwerp, but 
 Antwerp is always there, whether she controls 
 it or not, and already she dominates the greater 
 part of its shipping interests. She could ship 
 no more cheaply from its docks if Belgium were 
 her province than she can now ; and if she 
 made it her shipping centre, in place of Ham- 
 burg or Bremen, she would do the greatest 
 damage to all the property of those cities. 
 Its great transatlantic lines, the Hamburg- 
 Amerika and the North German Lloyd, would 
 do no more business from Antwerp than from 
 1 06
 
 Road to Goodness Knows Where 
 
 their present sailing ports, and the conquest 
 would give it no more property than it has to- 
 day. Each tract of land would be owned by 
 the same individual who owned it before the 
 war, unless those individuals were killed, 
 ruined, or otherwise forced to sell out to 
 Germans. Its trade with Belgium was large, 
 and this might, and perhaps would be to 
 some extent, increased on the same lines ; but 
 Belgium proper would still supply as much as 
 it does now to its own territory. 
 
 The small benefits accruing, however, can- 
 not, within three or four generations, offset 
 the awful cost of acquisition ; and, again, to 
 offset even this small benefit, there will be the 
 hate of the rest of the world that has been 
 incubated, and will continue to thrive against 
 her for her malicious and avaricious seizure 
 of this territory. Also, after a conquest is 
 accomplished, there comes the further burden 
 of protecting the new property, for, since it 
 was acquired by a war of aggression, it may 
 be lost in the same way. To prevent this, 
 enormous fortifications must be built, and a 
 still greater standing army maintained. There 
 will be, too, the hate and fear of Holland, who 
 will be watching for the day when her turn will 
 come ; to say nothing of the loss of English 
 107
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 trade. An attempt to outstrip the English 
 navy will almost certainly follow, and England 
 will do all in its power to maintain its existing 
 superiority. The result will be unparalleled 
 activity in naval construction, with its conse- 
 quent burdens of taxation upon the Belgian 
 provinces and upon the German people, result- 
 ing in something like the bankruptcy of both 
 England and Germany in a mad preparation 
 for a future reign of chaos even more terrible 
 than that now existing, since airships, mono- 
 planes, submarines, and other diabolical inven- 
 tions will by then be perfected in their death - 
 dealing machinery. 
 
 What gain can be hoped for? The public 
 buildings of Belgium, it is true, will belong to 
 Germany, but they cannot be moved. They 
 remain where they are, serving only the Belgian 
 part of Germany. This section of Greater Ger- 
 many would not be taxable for the benefit of 
 Germany proper, as all money so derived would 
 be needed for the new forts and the war prepa- 
 rations. To win would be, in reality, to lose. 
 
 For lives wiped out and the misery wrought 
 Is a fearful price for the victory bought; 
 Since each dread victory pays the cost, 
 And a battle won is a lifetime lost. 
 
 108
 
 The Horrors of War 
 
 PERHAPS the most outstanding phase of this 
 war is its unprecedented horror ; and this 
 chapter attempts to bring it before the mind of 
 the reader as sharply and graphically as pos- 
 sible, by the use of a number of vivid illustra- 
 tions and by the arrangement of statistics in 
 a novel fashion. It is easy to say, in an 
 offhand manner, that millions will be killed 
 in this conflict, but it is almost impossible to 
 realize the precise significance of this fact. In 
 the following pages an effort is made to mar- 
 shal and co-ordinate the known figures in vary- 
 ing forms, so that the dullest mind can at once 
 comprehend the frightfulness of this twentieth 
 century warfare. 
 
 In the French and German War of 1870 
 there were, in both armies, just over one million 
 seven hundred thousand men engaged. The 
 mortality lists in both armies were about three 
 hundred thousand killed, or about 19 per cent., 
 which ignores the number that died from 
 109
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 wounds and exposure within, say, six months 
 of the conclusion of hostilities about another 
 5 per cent. To be conservative, however, and 
 err on the side of under -estimation, we will say 
 that the total casualties mounted to 20 per 
 cent, of the contending forces. 
 
 But how different is this war from all others . 
 The war of 1870 was decided within a few 
 weeks, excepting the siege of Paris, where 
 hunger was as great a factor as shot and shell. 
 Also, it was fought entirely on land ; and, 
 further, the implements then used were by no 
 means as destructive as those now employed. 
 There were no dirigibles, no aeroplanes, no 
 *' 75," and the Krupp guns were very inferior 
 to those of to-day. It is fair to assume, there- 
 fore, that this war, the end of which is not yet 
 in sight, will have as great a casualty list as 
 that of 1870. Indeed, the death-rate could 
 safely be estimated at 20 per cent. We must 
 remember the great loss of life among non- 
 combatants inflicted by Germany according to 
 its gospel of frightfulness, and also the casual- 
 ties incident on sea engagements and the 
 destruction of the merchant marine, deaths 
 from hunger and from suicide among women 
 unable longer to bear the strain imposed upon 
 them. To err on the safe side, we will assume 
 no
 
 The Horrors of War 
 
 that there are twenty -seven million men in the 
 armies and navies of the contending nations, 
 and that the death-rate will not be 20 per 
 cent ., as before, but I 5 per cent . This implies 
 a list of four million men killed or dead from 
 wounds received : a very conservative esti- 
 mate. Twenty-seven million men engaged in 
 one war ; while the total of all the men engaged 
 in all the wars of the world since 1793 is only 
 eighteen million five hundred thousand. The 
 mortality lists of all these wars form a grand 
 total of five and a half millions about 30 per 
 cent. In the Russo-Japanese War the death- 
 rate was 22 per cent. In the Balkan War of 
 1912-13 the forces numbered about a million 
 and a quarter, and the mortality lists were 
 about three hundred and fifty thousand a 
 fraction under 29 per cent. If the mortality 
 lists of the present war run as high as 20 per 
 cent., the loss of life will be commensurate 
 with that of all the wars of the past hundred 
 and twenty-two years. 
 
 A HEDGE OF HUMAN HEADS 800 MILES LONG 
 
 Let us look more closely at this picture of 
 
 slaughter. The average width of a man's 
 
 head, from ear-tip to ear-tip, is about nine 
 
 inches. Suppose that the heads of all the 
 
 1 1 1
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 killed German, French, Belgian, British, 
 Turkish, Servian, Egyptian, and Austrian 
 were placed together in a line, each head 
 covering a space of twelve inches. This would 
 mean four million feet of heads say eight 
 hundred miles forming a human hedge from 
 London to Berlin. Remember, these are not 
 the heads of the weak and sickly and useless, 
 but, in 90 per cent, of the cases, the heads of 
 youth and strength, the flower of their respec- 
 tive nations. If these heads could all speak 
 and tell of their sufferings through the long 
 hours in the trenches, from exposure, hunger, 
 and injuries, what an awful indictment their 
 stories would be of those who engineered this 
 unnecessary war ! 
 
 4,800 MILES OF HUMAN BODIES 
 
 Let us regard it from another angle. Say 
 that the average height of each soldier is five 
 feet nine niches. If each one of the dead were 
 lined up, occupying six feet of space, they 
 would form a line four thousand eight hundred 
 miles long, nearly one-fifth of the world's cir- 
 cumference. If the average speed of a train be 
 thirty miles per hour, that train would require 
 nearly six days, running continuously, to pass 
 this line. . . . Again, if these four million 
 
 I 12
 
 The Horrors of War 
 
 dead were laid in rows of five hundred and 
 stacked body on body in tiers, the stack would 
 be over a mile and a quarter high. 
 
 4,800 MILES OF WIDOWS AND ORPHANS 
 
 Take another illustration. Say that four 
 feet is the distance from tip to tip of the out- 
 stretched hands of the average person. We 
 may take it that 50 per cent, of these dead 
 are married, and on this basis, if all the widows 
 caused by the war were to join hands, the line 
 resulting would be one thousand six hundred 
 miles long. Each of the dead no doubt had 
 one parent living, which gives us four million 
 bereaved parents, who, grouped in the same 
 way, would form a line three thousand two 
 hundred miles long. Then there will be at least 
 four million fatherless children, who, by join- 
 ing hands, would stretch for two thousand four 
 hundred miles. Thus we have a total of seven 
 thousand two hundred miles of mourners 
 wives, parents, and children left without pro- 
 tection by the action of a mad monarch. 
 
 These illustrations are undoubtedly ghastly 
 to contemplate ; but if the victims could en- 
 dure the suffering and death that came to them 
 in battle, then surely the reader can endure to 
 contemplate these conditions. This picture 
 113 H 

 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 may be harrowing, but it is necessary to use 
 forcible illustrations to impress indelibly these 
 horrors upon the mind of the reader, thereby 
 gaining recruits for the army of peace that must 
 crush the Gorgon of militarism. 
 
 It is estimated that I per cent, of the men 
 engaged will lose one or both arms, and that 
 the same proportion will lose one or both legs. 
 Let us figure, however, that less than | per 
 cent, of these twenty-seven millions will be 
 deprived of an arm, and the same number of 
 a leg. The average length of the human 
 arm is eighteen inches. Even on this modest 
 figuring, if each amputated hand could grasp 
 the stump of the next, the result would be 
 thirty miles of arms. If the legs were simi- 
 larly placed, they would extend for forty 
 miles ; and arms and legs, lining each side 
 of the road, would reach from London to 
 the sea. 
 
 When the present cataclysm has spent itself, 
 and we are appalled at the increased taxes that 
 must be borne by every citizen of any of the 
 countries involved, we must not forget the 
 many men, minus arms and legs, and with 
 livings reduced to a bare pittance, who made 
 these sacrifices for the freedom of the world 
 and for us. We must remember, also, the two 
 114
 
 The Horrors of War 
 
 million helpless wrecks, insane, blind, wounded, 
 dismembered, or too ill ever to work again. 
 
 TWO HUNDRED MILLION YEARS OF LIFE 
 
 One more illustration before this chapter is 
 closed. Grant that the average age of the 
 four millions either killed or dead from 
 exposure and disease was thirty years. The 
 expectation of life at that age, according to 
 mortality tables issued by the insurance com- 
 panies, is another thirty-five years. Calcu- 
 lating on this basis, we have one hundred and 
 forty million years of life that have been taken 
 from the world on the field of an Emperor's 
 folly, leaving out of account the other two 
 millions whose lives will probably be shortened 
 by the privations of campaigning. Altogether, 
 we may say that the tax on years of human life 
 will amount, all told, to two hundred million 
 years snatched from the lives of young and 
 vigorous men who have been forced, or have 
 volunteered to help rid the world of the 
 bondage of Prussianism and Nietzschism. 
 
 The following reports from the French and 
 Belgian Commission on the atrocities com- 
 mitted by the enemy make a fitting close to 
 this recital. 
 
 The Belgian document opens with a descrip- 
 115
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 tion of the wholesale murder of the inhabitants 
 of Tamines, a village between Charleroi and 
 Namur, taken by the Germans on August 2ist. 
 On the evening of August 22nd between four 
 hundred and four hundred and fifty men, 
 women, and children were collected in front 
 of the church. A German detachment opened 
 fire on them, but as this was found to be too 
 slow, a machine-gun was ordered up, which 
 finished off all those still standing. Of these 
 some were only wounded, and, struggling to 
 their feet, tried to crawl away. They were 
 immediately shot down. Those who remained 
 alive, but unable to move, were put out of 
 their misery with a bayonet thrust ; and many 
 rolled themselves down the bank into the river 
 in order to end their misery. 
 
 Next day other peasants, who were ordered 
 out by the Germans to bury their own dead, 
 found that the bodies lay in a row forty yards 
 long and six yards deep. While the work of 
 burial was proceeding, the German officers and 
 soldiers drank champagne. The peasant on 
 whose evidence this story is based says : 
 
 When all the bodies had been interred we who were left, 
 
 with our wives and children, were taken through Tamines 
 
 and led to Villaines between two ranks of soldiers. We 
 
 all thought that we should be shot in the presence of our 
 
 116
 
 The Horrors of War 
 
 wives and children. I saw German soldiers who could not 
 refrain from bursting into tears at the sight of the women's 
 despair. One of our party was seized with an apopletic fit 
 through sheer terror, and many fainted. 
 
 At Villaines the party was set free, but for- 
 bidden to return to Tamines, where, it was 
 learned later, more than six hundred and fifty 
 people were killed, and two hundred and sixty- 
 four houses sacked and burned. 
 
 In the second section of the report are 
 further details of the sack of Dinant. Only two 
 hundred houses now remain out of fourteen 
 hundred, and more than seven hundred people 
 were slaughtered. Men, women, and children 
 were driven by soldiers into the Parade 
 Square, where they remained for hours, ex- 
 pecting death. In the evening the women 
 were placed in front of a rank of infantry, 
 and the men were ranged along a wall. The 
 front rank of them were told to kneel. A 
 platoon of soldiers drew up in front of these 
 men. The women cried out for mercy for 
 their husbands, sons, and brothers, but the 
 officer ordered his men to fire. About twenty 
 of the inhabitants were only wounded, but 
 fell among the dead. A further volley was 
 fired. A few managed to escape this double 
 discharge by shamming dead for over two 
 117
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 hours, lying motionless among the corpses. 
 Eighty-four bodies were buried in a neigh- 
 bouring garden. 
 
 Further particulars follow of horrible out- 
 rages which can hardly be translated into 
 English. During the massacres some of the 
 troops pillaged and sacked the houses of the 
 town and broke open all safes, sometimes 
 blasting them with dynamite. The houses 
 were then set alight. In Belgian Luxemburg 
 three thousand houses were destroyed and over 
 a thousand men were shot without cause. 
 
 The following statement, taken down by the 
 Mayor of Le Mans, from a wounded soldier 
 in hospital, was published in the London Daily 
 Telegraph : 
 
 On September the 8th I received a bullet through my right 
 lung. I thought at first I was barely hurt and went on firing 
 twenty-seven cartridges. Then I swooned and remained 
 behind, my company retreating. On the nth I was dis- 
 covered by a German army surgeon. His stretcher bearers 
 picked me up, then stripped me of my money and of every- 
 thing of value that I had on. I was then thrown down and 
 left in a half-burnt hovel at Rembercourt. Seven other 
 wounded French soldiers were thrown with me. 
 
 The non-combatant population had been forbidden, under 
 pain of death, to give us any food or attention. Nevertheless, 
 some old men secretly brought us beef-tea and coffee. That 
 saved my life. One of them had both his arms broken by a 
 Prussian officer because he exclaimed, "What a sad thing 
 118
 
 The Horrors of War 
 
 war is ! " My saviours lived in a hole dug out of a half-burnt 
 haystack. At last I was found by a French surgeon. My 
 comrades and I had remained twelve days with our wounds 
 undressed. 
 
 A Parisian schoolmaster has sent to his 
 friends the following dramatic account of his 
 treatment while in the hands of the Germans. 
 This also appeared in the Daily Telegraph : 
 
 They stripped us, searched us, and broke our rifles. One 
 Bavarian, in a sudden gust of anger, seized his rifle by the 
 muzzle and brought down the butt on the head of one of my 
 fellow-prisoners. The poor fellow staggered a few yards and 
 then fell. A revolver bullet finished him. A moment later 
 a German non-commissioned officer advanced, and, putting 
 the point of his sabre to my breast, asked in bad French, 
 " How many companies are there in the wood ? " I 
 answered that I did not know, and he turned away without 
 saying a word. Then we were led to the fringe of the wood 
 facing us. On the way our captors kicked us, pricked us 
 with their bayonets, and bludgeoned us with their rifle-butts. 
 
 When we reached the main body of the German troops we 
 found three other French soldiers, two sergeants and a private, 
 who had been captured at the same time and in the same 
 circumstances. We shook hands. I noticed that one of the 
 prisoners had a wound in his head and began to dress it. 
 At this moment up came the officer in command of the 
 Bavarian company. He was foaming with rage. I could 
 see from his gestures that he intended to shoot us. I could 
 also see that the soldiers were intervening on our behalf. 
 One of our number, Sergeant X, who knew German, appealed 
 to the officer to spare us. The officer shot him down, and 
 after him the second sergeant, and, finally, the private. I 
 119
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 knew it was to be my turn next. Instinctively I put up my 
 arm, crying, " Assassins to shoot down prisoners ! " I felt 
 a blow in my chest, and a burning sensation, then fell uncon- 
 scious. After a time I recovered consciousness and looked 
 up, but, seeing German soldiers advancing, lay still and 
 shammed death. They came up to me and kicked me, 
 then, turning me over, searched my pockets. They dragged 
 me for several yards, first by the feet, then by the head. 
 They felt my wounds with their fingers, and one of them 
 raised my eyelids saying in French, " Wake up, mister ! " 
 I remained inert and forced back my groans. I heard a 
 voice say, " This chap's gone." Then there was silence. 
 
 At night I began to creep towards the spot where I believed 
 the French lines to be. I crawled thus for nearly two miles, 
 staunching the blood from my re-opened wound with my 
 rain-soaked necktie. Then, just when I thought I must faint, 
 I found myself at last in the trenches of my own company. 
 I was saved. 
 
 120
 
 The Awful Cost 
 
 FINANCIAL 
 
 THE cost of this war for the first six months 
 is estimated by M. Yves Guyot, the eminent 
 French economist, at seven billion dollars, or 
 about one billion four hundred million pounds. 
 Roger W. Babson estimates it at two hundred 
 and eighty million dollars, or fifty-six million 
 pounds, per week. In the first four months 
 France spent seven million dollars a day, or 
 one million four hundred thousand pounds, 
 In the first five months Germany spent eight 
 million dollars a day, or one million six hun- 
 dred thousand pounds. The expenses of Great 
 Britain are now over six million dollars a day, 
 or one million two hundred thousand pounds, 
 and they are steadily increasing, since her army 
 is growing at the rate of eighty thousand to a 
 hundred thousand men per month. 
 
 To these costs must be added those of 
 Switzerland, Holland, Norway, Sweden, Den- 
 mark, and Italy, who have mobilized. Italy 
 has already issued a war-loan of two hundred 
 121
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 million dollars, or forty million pounds, and 
 Holland has been called upon for the same 
 amount, while Switzerland is maintaining an 
 army of three hundred thousand men to guard 
 its frontiers. 
 
 It is safe, therefore, to estimate the cost of 
 this war at fifteen billion dollars, or three 
 billion pounds, for the first year. This, of 
 course, is only immediate cost : it does not 
 take into account the loss to trade and property, 
 but only the actual expense of maintaining hos- 
 tilities. The total cost of the wars of the world 
 since 1861 was eleven billion dollars, or two 
 billion pounds. The total cost of all wars 
 since 1793 was twenty-six billion dollars, or 
 five billion pounds. 
 
 If, then, this war is concluded within the 
 year, it will equal in financial cost, 60 per 
 cent, of the cost of all wars for one hundred 
 and twenty-two years. If it lasts eighteen 
 months it will equal, if not exceed, the total 
 costs of all wars of the world since 1793. 
 
 Before the war began the nations of the 
 Old World were spending, approximately, 
 70 per cent, of all their income on pen- 
 sions for past wars and on the upkeep of army 
 and navy and preparations for the next war : 
 70 per cent, for pensions to the survivors of 
 122
 
 The Awful Cost 
 
 dead warriors and for preparations for the 
 future murder of mankind. While we are 
 considering these figures we must remember 
 also the staggering sum which all nations now 
 at war will be forced to pay for pensions when 
 all is finished. 
 
 Is it any wonder, then, that women desire 
 and demand the franchise? In the light of 
 these statistics, this man -ruled world is clearly 
 a gigantic failure. 
 
 In the United States the percentage is a 
 little higher: it works out at 72 per cent. A 
 large proportion of this sum is due to the 
 higher rate of pensions paid by the Govern- 
 ment ; but the whole expenditure is con- 
 nected with war either wars past or wars to 
 come. Only 28 per cent, of the total income 
 is used for the benefit of the living and the 
 demands of the present. Yet think what this 
 72 per cent, would do in the reclamation of 
 deserts, in developing the overflow lands of 
 the Mississippi and conserving its waters to 
 prevent floods ; in redeeming the slums of 
 great cities ; improving railroads ; building 
 great national highways, and thus reducing the 
 cost of living by facilitating transportation to 
 the railroads. Disease would be fought by 
 the improvement of sanitary conditions., and, 
 123
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 in place of preparing to fight imaginary foes, 
 we might fight the real foes of ignorance, un- 
 employment, and industrial unrest. Indeed, 
 a thousand things making for the good of the 
 individual and the community might be done 
 with this money. 
 
 Let us consider for a moment the figure of 
 fifteen billion dollars, or three billion pounds, 
 in another aspect. This is for one year's war, 
 and it is equal to the total wealth of Holland, 
 Spain, and Switzerland. If the contest lasts 
 for two years, the cost will equal the value of 
 all listed securities of the London Stock Ex- 
 change, or nearly one quarter of the listed 
 value of all listed securities in every market 
 in the world. 
 
 The total gold coinage of the world is about 
 seven billion dollars, or one billion four hun- 
 dred million pounds. The total silver coinage 
 is about two billion five hundred million 
 dollars, or five hundred million pounds. 
 Therefore one year of war will cost five billion 
 dollars, or one billion pounds more than all 
 the gold and silver coin of the world. 
 
 By another comparison, it will equal the pro- 
 duction of all gold mines of the world during 
 thirty-two years, assuming the annual produc- 
 tion to be the same as last year, or the produc- 
 124
 
 The Awfial Cost 
 
 tion of all silver mines of the world for over one 
 hundred years on the same basis. 
 
 It will equal the total export and import 
 trade of Great Britain for over two years. 
 
 It will equal the total export and import 
 trade of the United States for three years and 
 a half. 
 
 It will build thirty thousand miles of homes, 
 on both sides of the road, each home costing 
 twenty-five hundred dollars, or five hundred 
 pounds, and having a frontage of fifty feet. If 
 each home had four inhabitants, twenty-four 
 million people might thus be sheltered. If 
 there were five homes to each acre of land, 
 they would cover one hundred and twenty 
 thousand acres of land. The area of London 
 county is only seventy-four thousand eight 
 hundred and sixteen statute acres, so these 
 homes would cover London county twice over. 
 
 Surely, in the wider sense, unpreparedness 
 for war is the better part. Is it not better to 
 chance future trouble than to carry annually 
 these awful burdens? Among all European 
 nations the least prepared for war was 
 England, and this fact is all to her glory, 
 for unpreparedness for war is the seal of civi- 
 lization. The Empire, however, loyally and 
 unitedly assumed the burdens when they were 
 125
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 by force laid upon her, and has declared her 
 intention of fighting to the last ship and the 
 last man if necessary. The efficiency of the 
 German Army has been dinned into our ears 
 for a generation. The best of the German 
 brains and energy have been given to perfect- 
 ing this machine of destruction ; and we do not 
 doubt that it is efficient. But, in the end, the 
 British Army will be found sufficient. 
 
 The cost of this frightful combat does not 
 stop with field operations ; increased expenses 
 are being borne by every country in the world. 
 Such is the interdependence of nation on 
 nation, that from Khamschatka to Patagonia 
 and from Newfoundland to Tasmania, the 
 financial effects are being suffered. Every- 
 where, in non-combatant countries, people are 
 out of work. Reports from Argentina, Chili, 
 Brazil, and the Islands, all tell the same tale. 
 In the United States and Canada hundreds of 
 thousands are in want, and for many years 
 long-needed improvements and great industrial 
 enterprises under way must be arrested. 
 
 The cost of the war, to the world in general, 
 cannot be even approximately estimated. Let 
 us assume that the cost for one year is fifteen 
 billion dollars or three billion pounds. Say 
 that the average wage of the men of Europe is 
 126
 
 The Awful Cost 
 
 five hundred dollars, or one hundred pounds per 
 year. It will be seen that the cost is equal to 
 the wages of thirty million men for one year, 
 or of one million men for thirty years. If 
 hostilities should continue for eighteen months, 
 the cost will equal the wages of forty -five 
 million men for one year, or one million men 
 for forty-five years, ten years more than the 
 average working life. 
 
 The explanation of the enormous increase 
 in the cost of this war as against that of all 
 preceding contests is partly the number of 
 nations involved, but, to a greater extent, 
 the so-called improvements in everything per- 
 taining to the science of slaughter. The 
 building of a three-decker cost a comparative 
 trifle compared with the creation of a 
 Dreadnought ; and, further, we have the 
 increased use of the submarine, the intricate 
 developments of the big gun, and those 
 innovations in warfare, the airship and the 
 aeroplane. The existence of innumerable 
 railroads, too, has enabled the belligerents 
 to move vast armies from point to point 
 and to provision their troops in every part 
 of the field. 
 
 But the cost and the frightfulness of this 
 war is as nothing to the cost and the 
 127
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 frightfulness of any war that may come, 
 say, ten or fifteen years from now, when, 
 perhaps, the Crown Prince, who is, if 
 possible, more war-mad than his father, is 
 Emperor of Germany. Then the airship 
 will be so perfected as to be capable of 
 carrying a crew of fifty men. (Russia has 
 already a machine that can carry twenty- 
 six). Then flotillas of aircraft will number 
 two or three hundred in place of the forty-two 
 that flew from Dover to Ostend. This will 
 enable a country to send out seven thousand 
 five hundred men by air, dropping them 
 where they will on hostile soil, where they 
 could do enormous damage before any force 
 could get to grips with them. The warships 
 of that day will be oil -propelled, and therefore 
 without funnels, and almost invisible at a 
 few miles' range. Great submarines, from 
 three hundred to five hundred feet long, 
 will have been built, and these will be 
 able to travel five or six thousand miles. 
 They will have great supply depots located 
 under water, and divers will be able to go 
 from the submarines and obtain provisions and 
 gasoline, free from observation. Submarines, 
 like the Lake machine, made in the United 
 States, which is not only an efficient submarine 
 128
 
 The Awful Cost 
 
 but is fitted with wheels which enable it to 
 travel along the beds of rivers as an auto- 
 mobile travels on land, will be perfected. One 
 of these machines could dive beneath a fleet, 
 attach mines to every ship, and then, unseen, 
 explode each mine by electricity. Further, 
 instead of, as now, laying cement foundations 
 in great cities for the emplacement of big 
 guns, Germany would prepare for the next war 
 by renting or purchasing houses in the heart 
 of important centres say, in London, near 
 St. Paul's, the House of Commons, Whitehall, 
 Bank of England, and so forth and, during 
 a period of years, they could tunnel these 
 buildings, and deposit great charges of high 
 explosive which could be conveyed to the 
 house from time to time in small packages like 
 groceries. These stores could be fired, at will, 
 by wireless from Berlin, and leave no trace 
 of the cause. 
 
 As weapons of warfare increase in their 
 frightfulness, so will the machines for com- 
 bating these weapons develop ; and, unless the 
 portentous dynasty of Hohenzollern be over- 
 thrown or extinguished, and the democracy of 
 Germany replace it, the contest of 1930 or 
 1935 will be the bloodiest that the mind of 
 man can conceive. The horrors of the present 
 129 i
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 conflict will fade into insignificance by com- 
 parison, but those who have suffered from it, 
 either directly or indirectly, have it in their 
 power to avert the terrors that will otherwise 
 inevitably fall upon their children. Such a 
 contingency must be made impossible, and it 
 can only be made impossible by concerted 
 international action. 
 
 INDIVIDUAL 
 
 From the London Daily Mail. 
 
 SIR, 
 
 The case as mentioned by the Bishop of London has 
 a parallel in my case. My only son, after an expensive 
 education, leading up to and obtaining his B.Sc.Lond. 
 at the age of twenty-one, took a post as assistant technical 
 adviser in an electrical establishment, with every prospect of 
 a brilliant career. Upon the outbreak of war he gave it 
 up and rejoined his old Territorial regiment as a private. 
 Now he has laid down his life for his King and his country. 
 We, his parents, sacrificed and denied ourselves to give him 
 this start in life, and now all is gone. ANOTHER BEREAVED. 
 
 The above letter from the Daily Mail shows 
 clearly the awful price that is being paid for 
 the freedom of the world by the brave people 
 of Belgium, France, Servia, Japan, Russia, and 
 the British Empire. It is a battle for honour, 
 for the sacredness of contracts, and for 
 spiritual existence ; a battle such as the 
 130
 
 The Awful Cost 
 
 world has never seen before and will, we trust, 
 never see again : a battle of right against 
 might ; and the price that right has to pay 
 is sacrifice. All over the countries of the 
 Allies are thousands of cases, such as that 
 mentioned above, of young lives nobly laid 
 down in the combat with this outlaw nation 
 governed by a mad king and inspired by 
 officers whose sole desire is for war at any 
 cost and war without respect for any one of 
 the rules of common humanity. 
 
 How clearly we realize the various stages 
 that have led to the premature end of this 
 young man. There is at first the mother's 
 watchful care through the years of young boy- 
 hood ; then the promise of a useful life ; the 
 many sacrifices that have been necessary to 
 povide him with a sound education ; the 
 parents' pride as he graduated with high 
 honours ; and their dreams of the happiness 
 that he was to bring to their declining years 
 as a reward for their guiding and guarding 
 him through the perilous paths of life. Then, 
 just as his life was about to be crowned with 
 success, he hears the call of his King and 
 country, and falls in the gallant effort to save 
 you and me from a world menaced by the 
 Prussian eagle.
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 Do you, my reader in the United States, 
 understand that this price is paid also for you? 
 Think what it would mean to America if 
 Germany should win. In that event Canada 
 would clearly be a vassal of the Teuton. 
 Would you desire to see such a Government 
 on the North American Continent a nation 
 that believes in war in place of the one that 
 believes in peace ? Do you desire to see great 
 forts built all along the Canadian frontier, as 
 they will be if Germany conquers? Do you 
 desire to be compelled to do likewise and to 
 maintain a standing army of a million men to 
 protect the States against possible future 
 invasion by this Canadian section of Imperial 
 Germany? That is what would happen, for 
 no one would suppose that, if Germany crushed 
 the Allies, she would leave Canada out of her 
 policy of grab. Not by any means. 
 
 If we are to be saved from this horror it 
 will only be by the efforts and sacrifices of 
 the noble youths of the allied nations ; and 
 I think we should be grateful until the end of 
 time not only to those who have been ready 
 and willing to take this burden upon their 
 young shoulders but also to those desolate and 
 impoverished left behind. How can the world 
 ever repay the debt it owes to brave Belgium 
 132
 
 The Awful Cost 
 
 arid its kingly king, and to those others who 
 have held the Germans at bay? With them 
 lies the future freedom of the world, the 
 deliverance of generations yet unborn from the 
 bondage of this devilish, immoral, un-Christian, 
 burden -producing military despotism. 
 
 THE PATIENT WOMEN 
 
 Perhaps the most tragic feature of this un- 
 holy war is the suffering of the women. Is 
 it difficult to conceive their anguish? The 
 mothers, bowed with years, standing at the 
 portals of the next world, awaiting the last call, 
 their heads, with haloes of white born from 
 the long toil and sacrifices for their loved ones ; 
 and now, when peace should be their portion, 
 their manly sons, in answer to their country's 
 call, are taken from them to fight in distant 
 lands. Where are they to-night? Perhaps 
 suffering in those mud-soaked, germ-producing 
 trenches, or shot and left dying alone on the 
 battlefield. Are their names among the 
 missing? Are they dead, buried in unknown 
 graves ? Are their bodies floating, with 
 hundreds of others, in rivers or seas ? Or 
 have they been burnt on some obscure field? 
 The nights are long, and almost drive them 
 mad, and the morning brings no relief. 
 133
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 Throughout the years, from the pain of his 
 birth till now, the mother's one thought has 
 been for her boy ; and when the last farewell 
 is about to be made to this world, a farewell 
 hastened by the present horrors, he is nowhere 
 near to soothe her closing sleep. To these 
 patient sufferers by their solitary firesides come 
 no Iron Crosses, no Legion of Honour : they 
 are not mentioned in dispatches ; they must 
 suffer in silence and obscurity. They dread 
 the knock of the postman, and their heart sinks 
 when he brings no news. They suffer and 
 suffer again until the breaking-point of human 
 endurance is reached, and their only friend is 
 death. The spell cast over them by the horror 
 of their position makes oblivion their welcome 
 refuge, and in hundreds of cases their end 
 has been self -sought. In Austria, suicides 
 among women are occurring every day. 
 Soldiers are not permitted to write letters, and 
 wives and mothers do not even know if their 
 men -folk are alive or dead. Millions of 
 women, too, are driven from their homes by 
 the advance of a conquering force, or left in 
 the district with their homes utterly destroyed 
 and themselves forced to herd in fields and 
 hedges with the cattle. Surely their lot is 
 far worse than that of the soldier in the 
 134
 
 The Awful Cost 
 
 trenches. He has the Red Cross to attend 
 him when he is injured because he is a fighting 
 unit, of value to the nation, fodder for cannon ; 
 and they feed him and care for him, so that 
 he may fight again. But the women can suffer 
 and die, for all the attention they receive in 
 Austria. 
 
 Take the case of the young wife. Before 
 her were years of hope. Her husband was 
 able to earn a good living, and their home 
 was partly paid for. One or more children 
 have blessed their union. How bright was the 
 future with its store of years, its untrodden 
 paths, hopes, and ambitions ! Now she is 
 alone, with nothing to live upon but the 
 beggarly pittance granted by the Government. 
 If her husband is killed, out into the world 
 she must go perhaps to starvation, the future 
 a blank. Or he may return to her, a helpless 
 invalid, able only to sit and watch her and 
 his children in want. 
 
 And many a moon and sun shall see 
 The lingering, wistful children wait 
 
 To climb upon their father's knee ; 
 And in each home made desolate 
 
 Pale women who have lost their lord 
 Will kiss the relics of the slain 
 
 Some tarnished epaulette some sword 
 Poor toys to soothe such anguished pain. 
 
 135
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 Was there no way of saving these millions 
 of women from their untold misery? Cannot 
 some way at once be devised to prevent any 
 repetition of this story? Think of the rivers 
 of tears that are nightly shed 1 Imagine this 
 mighty flood, and see the Emperor riding in 
 the royal barge towards the gates of oblivion, 
 while along the banks stand these millions of 
 wives and mothers silently pointing to him as 
 the cause of their sorrows. 
 
 Is there never a thing we may have and hold 
 Though we search the wide world o'er ? 
 
 You have taken our young, you have taken our old, 
 Our mates and the sons we bore 
 
 You have slain our men by the thousandfold, 
 And still you cry for more ! 
 
 You have quenched the light in unnumbered homes 
 
 That have never dared your ire; 
 From our ruined cities' spires and domes 
 
 Flare out your flags of fire; 
 And the yield of our fields when the harvest comes 
 
 Is the reek of your blood-red mire ! 
 
 You have done these things, since you may and can, 
 
 And no word have we to say ; 
 Though we faced our death for the life of each man 
 
 That you call to his arms to-day. 
 And for all that you spend and for all that you plan 
 
 We pay to the full we pay! 
 
 136
 
 The Awful Cost 
 
 Oh, we pay by our blood that we may not shed ; 
 
 We pay by our gripping fears ; 
 We pay through the dumb night's gasping dread, 
 
 We pay through the long, grey years ; 
 We pay for men living, we pay for men dead 
 
 With anguish and bitter tears. 
 
 And we starve and we toil till the sinews start, 
 Though your cause be right or wrong, 
 
 And have neither speech, nor lot, nor part, 
 In the councils of the strong; 
 
 But we ponder and turn these things in our heart- 
 You shall answer to Us ere long ! 
 CAROLINE DUER (in Woman 1 s National Weekly). 
 
 137
 
 The Foolishness of War 
 
 THE ARMY OF HATE 
 
 BEFORE and during the war the armies and 
 navies of each nation were regarded as their 
 greatest assets ; but, when the war is ended, 
 the greatest army of all will be the unseen Army 
 of Hate. Never has the world seen such a 
 powerful army as that which will be born of 
 the present hostilities this Army of Hate. It 
 will fly no banners. No martial music will 
 call the people to its ranks. But it is growing 
 day by day, and its recruits will number 
 millions before the end of this year. It will 
 have an invisible, yet thoroughly effective 
 organization, and its powers and influence will 
 be greater than that of any army in the field 
 of action. It will destroy property and hap- 
 piness to as great an extent as the cannon and 
 bombs of the military. It will need no com- 
 missariat department : it will feed itself. No 
 trains will be needed to transport its warriors. 
 138
 
 The Foolishness of War 
 
 No uniforms will be necessary. Yet this army 
 will require more than fifty years of peace 
 before it is finally disbanded. 
 
 Think of the far-reaching force of this army 
 and its sources of strength. Let us say that 
 four million men are killed during this war. 
 Their power for harm is past ; but they leave 
 fathers, mothers, wives, and children who live 
 and mourn them, whose means of existence 
 is reduced, sometimes lost altogether, by the 
 cruel deprivation of their bread-winners . Their 
 businesses are ruined or hopelessly damaged, 
 and their homes are wrecked on the battle- 
 field. 
 
 Naturally the hearts of these miserable 
 people will be filled with hate and revenge 
 against those who have brought this misery 
 upon them, and for the remainder of their 
 lives they will leave no stone unturned to block 
 the progress of those people. Think of the 
 depopulated homes in England alone. What 
 recruits she will supply to the Army of Hate ! 
 Think of fair Belgium, its ruined cities, 
 churches, and libraries, its women, old men, 
 and children killed in their villages, far from 
 the field of combat, and its thousands of 
 soldiers who have fallen in battle. How many 
 recruits will Belgium furnish to this great 
 139
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 army? Think, too, of la belle France, and 
 the number of homes there destroyed, and the 
 enormous loans that will have to be raised 
 in order to restore the damaged or vanished 
 property. 
 
 Germany, too, who was making such wonder- 
 ful strides as a commercial nation, conquering 
 the world in the paths of peace and progress 
 what an Army of Hate will now be marshalled 
 from its own ranks against the war-party and 
 the Macchiavellian schemers who brought this 
 disaster upon them I Throughout the world 
 their commercial men and manufacturers will 
 find in their path an almost insuperable barrier, 
 and the cold shoulder where before they were 
 warmly welcomed. The world may be coerced 
 by force. Iron and shell may win on the 
 battlefield ; but they cannot win in the fields 
 of industry. Nothing can avert the ap- 
 proaching catastrophe to German trade. They 
 have killed the goose that laid the golden eggs, 
 or, as Elbert Hubbard says, they have lifted 
 the lid off hell and burned their own fingers. 
 The Government may mobilize eight million 
 men for the battlefield, yet this army of hate 
 will defeat them in the end. Germany 
 expected, for reasons best known to itself, by 
 the payment of ten million pounds, to bring 
 140
 
 The Foolishness of War 
 
 on Holy War in the Mohammedan realm, 
 though the agency of the Turk. But the Turk 
 is not the keeper of the Mohammedan faith : 
 he no more controls Allah than Wilhelm 
 controls God. This gold sent to Turkey will 
 be lost for ever, and when the people of the 
 Ottoman Empire see the results of their inter- 
 vention and the chaos brought upon their 
 land by this misalliance, they, too, will 
 join the Army of Hate and will combat Ger- 
 many and all things German for years to 
 come. 
 
 Even if Germany should win, it has lost. 
 The world will hate the yoke of militarism 
 forced upon it, and as a quarter of its soldiers 
 will be dead or disabled, its army will be of 
 little use. These dead will be the young men 
 of the nation, the great man -power that has 
 led to success and progress throughout the 
 world. The result of taking two million units 
 of strong man-power skilled artisans, chemists, 
 doctors, artists, etc. from a nation in one year 
 can be easily imagined. 
 
 Clearly, win or lose, Germany is ruined for 
 a generation : the silent Army of Hate will 
 see to that. Everywhere its forces will spring 
 up in the path of the Teuton, and the following 
 from one of the leading Scandinavian bank 
 141
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 directors, written just after a trip to Hamburg, 
 points my argument : 
 
 The intelligent business men in Hamburg are in despair. 
 They say that if Germany wins or looses Hamburg will be 
 ruined for many years to come. Many hundreds of business 
 firms are already totally ruined. Numerous shipowners have 
 lost all their capital and have only the debts, also the mort- 
 gages on their ships. Should Germany win she may perhaps 
 recover some of her losses, but she will never be fully com- 
 pensated, and if she should lose she will not be able to afford 
 help. In any case trade with foreign countries may be very 
 difficult. 
 
 When this war is ended, it is probable that the number of 
 men of all the fighting nations killed, wounded, or suffering 
 from ill-health owing to sickness during the campaign will 
 amount to more than ten millions. It might be optimism to 
 believe that after such a war the different Governments should 
 be able to suggest that the peoples hold out their hands to 
 their former enemies and let the past be forgotten. That is 
 simply impossible. Almost every man or woman in the 
 fighting countries has lost relatives or friends. The enemies 
 will be remembered every day for half a century. It will 
 be impossible for Germany to resume her trade, which may 
 be suspended for perhaps two or three years, on the old terms. 
 
 Everything will then be altered in the foreign countries ; 
 they will have new connections ; they will not need Germany 
 as they did before. And the hatred towards her, deservedly 
 or not, will be enormous ; and all because Prussia has 
 become the ruling state in the Union. 
 
 As a still stronger illustration of the forces 
 of hate, I append the following verses, origin- 
 ally published in Jugend, the alleged comic 
 142
 
 The Foolishness of War 
 
 paper of Germany. These verses are now used 
 as a battle -song : 
 
 THE HYMN OF HATE 
 
 French and Russian they matter not; 
 
 A blow for a blow and a shot for a shot. 
 
 We love them not, we hate them not. 
 
 We hold the Weichsel and Vosges-gate. 
 
 We have one single central hate. 
 
 We love as one, we hate as one, 
 
 We have one foe and one alone. 
 
 He is known to you all, he is known to you all, 
 He crouches behind the dark grey flood ; 
 Full of envy, of rage, of craft, of gall, 
 Cut off by waves that are thicker than blood. 
 Come, let us stand at the judgment place, 
 An oath to swear to, face to face : 
 An oath of bronze no wind can shake, 
 An oath for our sons and their sons to take. 
 Come, hear the word, repeat the word, 
 Throughout the Fatherland make it heard. 
 We will never forgo our hate, 
 We have all but a single hate ; 
 We love as one, we hate as one, 
 We have one foe and one alone 
 England ! 
 
 Take you the folk of the earth in pay, 
 
 With bars of gold your ramparts lay ; 
 
 Bedeck the ocean with bow on bow. 
 
 Ye reckon well, but not well enough now. 
 
 French and Russian they matter not ; 
 
 A blow for a blow and a shot for a shot. 
 
 143
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 We fight the battle with bronze and steel, 
 And the time that is coming peace will seal. 
 You will we hate with a lasting hate; 
 We will never forgo our hate : 
 Hate by water, and hate by land, 
 Hate of the head and hate of the hand, 
 Hate of the hammer, and hate of the crown, 
 Hate of seventy millions, choking down. 
 We love as one, we hate as one, 
 We have one foe, and one alone 
 England ! 
 
 The spirit of hate here manifested may 
 perhaps best be illustrated in parable form. 
 
 Two thieves, let us say, have arranged to 
 break into a chateau in France, the home of a 
 very wealthy man . They know that it contains 
 great treasures of plate and money. They have 
 laid their plans well. By the bribery of one of 
 the servants (spy system), they have ascer- 
 tained the perfect moment for their enterprise : 
 which window will be left open, and where the 
 goods may be found. But, as they are about 
 to accomplish their object that will assure them 
 such prosperity, two policemen appear on the 
 scene and arrest them. They are sent to jail 
 for fifteen years. Now during these fifteen 
 years they will hate bitterly ; but they will 
 not hate the owner of the chateau : their hate 
 will be directed against the two policemen who 
 144
 
 The Foolishness of War 
 
 blocked their scheme just as the great haul 
 was within reach. 
 
 In this case the two policemen are England 
 and Belgium. Germany, the outlaw nation, 
 had its plans, as it thought, perfected, and, 
 but for the presence of these two policemen, 
 they would have entered Paris and wrung from 
 it millions of indemnity. And now, during 
 the years to come, when Germany languishes 
 in the cells of hate where the world will place 
 it, its fury against these two policemen will 
 never cease to grow. The following, from the 
 Daily Mail, is yet another example of this 
 international hatred aroused by Potsdam : 
 
 The Kaiser has been praising war correspondents for the 
 " high patriotic swing " of their reports, and he has just 
 distributed twelve Red Eagles to " hate " poets, of whom 
 Ernest Lissauer, Herbert Hauptmann, Rudolf Presber, and 
 Richard Nordhausen are the best known. The accompanying 
 note says that the decoration (which, being of the fourth class, is 
 usually distributed to policemen and people who want cheering 
 up) is granted for their war poetry which has assisted to set 
 ablaze "the enthusiasm of the people for the Holy War." 
 First favourite for the next Red Eagle is Frau Emmy von 
 Egidy, who has been telling her readers about the "sacred 
 hatred," and how to keep it clean and bright. The German, 
 she says, must never want to know anything about the 
 Englishman and his ideas again. "Between us and him is 
 the strongest wall hatred. Hatred stands behind our fighting 
 men, and aids them to bear all the intolerable privations ; it 
 
 145 K
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 guides their bullets in the right direction ; it sharpens their 
 swords and makes acute the eyes of the commanders of our 
 ships seeking an object." It was a German poet, Goethe, 
 who said, "National hatred is a peculiar thing. You will 
 find it most intense among the lowest in the scale of 
 civilization ! " 
 
 INTEREST PAYMENT ON CORPSES AND GHOSTS 
 
 If the world cannot see that war is only 
 a yellow streak left in man from the Stone 
 Age, circumstances will force this realization 
 upon it before very long. Yet how much better 
 it would be to realize it before the burdens 
 left by circumstances are made greater even 
 than they are now. 
 
 The nations increase their debts for war 
 expenditures, they build new forts, buy new 
 equipments, change bright uniforms for khaki, 
 replace obsolete warships with Dreadnoughts. 
 But when all these changes are made and the 
 war material scrapped, the debts of the nation 
 created to furnish these things remain, and 
 interests is paid year by year, growing like the 
 Tower of Babel and being just as useless. 
 Nothing is left to show for this outlay except 
 war implements which are useless for the 
 purpose for which they were created. 
 
 Had all the increase in the debts of all 
 nations, spent only in war preparations, been 
 146
 
 The Foolishness of War 
 
 spent on enterprises that earned incomes, the 
 increased debts would have something back 
 of them as assets to earn the interest incurred, 
 and the nations would have grown richer 
 instead of poorer. 
 
 Thus Nature, if it can accomplish its end in 
 no other way, will exhaust the strength of the 
 nations and force them to give up this endless 
 chain of burdens, so that from exhaustion, 
 if from no other cause, will come peace. Then 
 the uselessness of paying interest on the ghosts 
 of the past will be made apparent. But what 
 a costly lesson it will be for all. Why wait 
 until that day comes? Why not see that it is 
 the inevitable result, and stop now? 
 
 ARMED PEACE 
 
 Lord Bryce, former Ambassador of Great 
 Britain to the United States, said, in a message 
 recently sent to the American public through 
 President Butler of Columbia University : 
 
 Deliver us from another armed peace ! 
 
 Millions of people of all nations will say 
 "Amen" to this. Armed peace is a contra- 
 diction in terms. It recalls an old practice 
 of the captains of the Mississippi steamers, 
 who, when racing each other from St. Louis 
 147
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 to New Orleans, would sit a nigger on the 
 safety valve and "- win or bust." 
 
 Armed peace existed in the United States 
 thirty years ago in the mining camps of the 
 West, and it also existed in the South African 
 gold and diamond settlements . Then each man 
 was armed with one or two revolvers and 3. 
 knife, and the slightest difference was settled 
 by thrusting the hand to the belt and " drawing 
 a bead" on the offender. Often, too, when 
 there were no differences, some drunken miner 
 would shoot up the town for the sake of a 
 little diversion. In those days the man who 
 won was the man who was quickest on the 
 trigger, and every few days some death was 
 reported from this armed peace. Gun and 
 lynch law ruled over all. 
 
 But as a more orderly law came to the 
 sections, and the State Government obtained 
 control, these conditions waned. Courts were 
 established, and the people were compelled to 
 carry their differences before these tribunals, 
 and to give up the carrying of weapons. As 
 soon as they were unprepared to kill at the 
 slightest provocation, a real peace ensued in 
 place of the contradictory armed peace which 
 had hitherto existed. 
 
 In this present war, none of the unprepared 
 148
 
 The Foolishness of War 
 
 nations were seeking trouble. It was the nation 
 that knew itself to be fully prepared, like the 
 miner with two or three guns in his belt and 
 a ready hand, that was anxious to stir up 
 strife and so terrorize its less rea.dy neighbours. 
 It is as important to disarm nations as it is 
 for nations to disarm their riotous subjects. 
 The border outlaw kept his section in constant 
 turmoil, and the outlaw governments keep the 
 world in the same state. If they wear two 
 guns, their neighbours must wear three ; and 
 so on. 
 
 Is such security properly called peace? Is 
 it not rather a mesmeric chaos? 
 
 149
 
 Needed Reforms 
 
 THE HAGUE TRIBUNAL 
 
 THE United States has had, for many years, 
 a distinctive message for Europe. It was the 
 first great nation to urge the settlement of 
 international disputes by arbitration, and the 
 most powerful peace organizations in the world 
 are those of America. The American Peace 
 Society was formed in the year of Waterloo, 
 1815, one hundred years ago. The Inter- 
 national Peace Forum has ex -President Taft 
 at its head. Its object is to mould public 
 opinion regarding the various phases of the 
 Peace Movement, to arouse it to a sense of the 
 appalling consequences of war, and to arrive, 
 by mutual discussion, at the means best 
 calculated to unite the nations in a procla- 
 mation establishing compulsory arbitration 
 and, thereby, the abolition of war. The 
 American Peace and Arbitration League 
 has, as honorary presidents, President 
 Woodrow Wilson and ex-Presidents William H . 
 150
 
 Needed Reforms 
 
 Taft and Theodore Roosevelt. Its object is 
 the same as that of other peace bodies. 
 
 Probably the most important of the efforts 
 made by these propagandists is the Carnegie 
 Endowment for International Peace. This 
 endowment was established by Andrew 
 Carnegie at New York on December 14, 
 1910, when he transferred to a Board of 
 Trustees ten million dollars in 5 per cent. 
 First Mortgage Bonds, the income from which 
 is used in expediting the abolition of war. 
 Mr. Carnegie, as is well known, is also the 
 donor of the Temple of Peace at The Hague, 
 and has worked unceasingly in pacifist direc- 
 tions for many years. There are, of course, 
 numerous smaller bodies, all working to the 
 same end : and Edward P. Ginn, the well- 
 known publisher of Boston, left fifty thou- 
 sand dollars a year to be devoted to the 
 encouragement and spread of the movement. 
 
 New inceptions, such as the above, come, 
 in nearly every case, from the young nations. 
 For in the young nations democracy is trium- 
 phant, and it is democracy that inspires 
 reform. Autocracy never rocks the cradle 
 of progress. The well-known pacifist writer 
 Norman Angell, whose book, "The Great 
 Illusion," has been read throughout the world,
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 is a naturalized American, and everywhere in 
 that country the peace idea is flourishing. 
 While half the world is being torn asunder by 
 war, America is busily signing peace treaties. 
 This country's ideal is not yet understood to 
 any great extent in the Old World. She has 
 no desire to conquer, and she does not desire 
 war, because war disturbs the comfort and hap- 
 piness of the people, and, in the States, the 
 people rule. If the people of Germany had had 
 more control in their own Government, it is 
 very certain that the holocaust of 1914 would 
 not have taken place. 
 
 It will be America's task, after the carnage 
 is finished, to educate Europe towards the 
 peace ideal, and establishing unarmed peace. 
 There will always be war or armed peace in 
 the world just so long as the world is without 
 an International Tribunal before which the 
 nations can go, confident of receiving justice. 
 In this Tribunal they will be able to disclose 
 and discuss their differences and devise plans 
 for their settlement. The founding of this insti- 
 tution is the rock on which the structure of 
 Universal Peace will be built. There exists 
 already the Temple of Peace at The Hague, 
 and it is for the united world to respond to 
 its invitation to enter its ever-open doors. The 
 152
 
 Needed Reforms 
 
 permanent Court of Arbitration has indicated 
 the way, since it has rendered fourteen impor- 
 tant judgments which have been honoured by 
 the nations concerned. The spectacle of 
 millions of men, drunk with powder and stolen 
 wine, breaking all the Ten Commandments 
 and the Golden Rule, is revolting ; it decivil- 
 izes the world and pushes back many degrees 
 the hands of the clock of progress. Canada 
 and the United States have for over a hundred 
 years settled any number of disputes by 
 tranquil means, long before the Temple of 
 Peace was built, and Norway and Sweden 
 separated sans sword or cannon, sans rancour 
 or bloodshed or any loss of life. What has 
 been done successfully in one place can be 
 done in another, when the people realize the 
 evils attending the veiled machinations of 
 autocrat politicians and militarists ; and if 
 Servia had been allowed to do as she wished, 
 and take the Austro -Servian dispute to The 
 Hague, there is little doubt that it would have 
 been amicably decided and this monstrous 
 massacre of the innocents avoided. 
 
 Once the Tribunal is founded, every nation 
 
 should have a representative mentioned in 
 
 another chapter the Secretary of Peace, to 
 
 sit for them in this Congress, and from 
 
 153
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 these representatives could be selected five 
 to form a Senate, which, in its turn, would 
 appoint a supreme officer or President. 
 If any question of international difference 
 were brought before this Congress and 
 received the vote of 70 per cent, of the 
 members of the Congress, it should not be 
 submitted to the Senate ; but if the vote were 
 less than 70 per cent., then it should go 
 to the Senate. In the event of a tie the 
 President should have a casting vote and decide 
 the issue. This decision should be binding 
 and irrevocable upon those nations that have 
 appealed. 
 
 In the archives of this body should be filed 
 all international agreements for immediate 
 reference, and no agreement should be con- 
 sidered valid which is not lodged at The 
 Hague. Such a body would, of course, at this 
 period of the world's history, be powerless to 
 enforce its demands and decrees, and it would 
 be futile to attempt to create a Tribunal of 
 this kind without giving' it the material means 
 of assuring the acceptance of its verdicts. Its 
 decisions must not be at the mercy of any 
 Government that chooses to regard bonds and 
 covenants as '- scraps of paper " : it must be 
 provided with an army and a navy. Here, 
 154
 
 Needed Reforms 
 
 however, we must be careful to avoid anything 
 like the creation of further dangers in the way 
 of militarism and the doctrines of physical 
 force, since the purpose is to crush these very 
 things out of existence. There are already 
 sufficient ships and sufficient soldiers in the 
 world. For the enforcement of peace, then, 
 the existing armies and navies must be utilized, 
 and each nation that acknowledges the supreme 
 authority of The Hague and sends its Cabinet 
 Minister to form the first Congress, shall also 
 devote one -tenth of its army and navy to the 
 creation of a police force, which shall patrol the 
 world under orders from the Hague Tribunal. 
 They shall not be a separate unit with a 
 separate base, but each component part shall 
 remain where it now is, attached to its own 
 country, so that the Tribunal can, at any 
 moment, call upon the various Governments 
 to dispatch its tithe of armed force to neigh- 
 bouring spots where its presence may be 
 necessary. Each nation shall appoint two or 
 thee of its admirals to hold themselves under 
 orders of the Tribunal, and one or two generals 
 of each nation shall be permanently at The 
 Hague as military attache's. 
 
 The first necessity, however, is, as I have 
 said, that the world be educated up to this 
 155
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 ideal, and the moment is surely ripe for an 
 educational campaign ; as, if the people, after 
 the present bath of blood, are not universally 
 inspired with a desire for permanent peace, 
 then they never will be. It seems probable, 
 however, that the problem of the present 
 conflict will be solved automatically by the 
 simple process of the exhaustion of human 
 nature, and as soon as that point is reached, 
 all nations ought to be ready to enlist in the 
 cause of peace with as deep an enthusiasm as 
 they have displayed in joining the ranks for 
 war. 
 
 Once this organization is formed, its practical 
 working will follow smoothly. The next step 
 should be the disbandment of all armies 
 and navies, one-tenth to be jettisoned every 
 two or three years, the men composing this 
 tenth returning to peaceful pursuits, thereby 
 relieving their countries of the enormous 
 burdens of taxation. They will then be a help 
 instead of a hindrance ; producers instead of 
 consumers. 
 
 The thoughts of mankind are the creative 
 force of the world : they are the promise of 
 the things that shall be : the heralds going 
 before to prepare the way of the king of glory ; 
 the star in the East that tells of the birth of 
 156
 
 Needed Reforms 
 
 new beauties. If only the mass of the thinking 
 people could realize the prosperity that would 
 follow unarmed peace, we should find every- 
 where a deep and immediate desire to carry out 
 the work of pacification, unification, and the 
 upbuilding of humanity that would assuredly 
 follow. 
 
 Then the symbolical dove of peace, whose 
 wings are now sadly bespattered, would find 
 rest at last and its traditional purity would 
 return. The Army of Peace in conjunction 
 with the Salvation Army that grand army that 
 has so long and so indefatigably fought for 
 love would redeem the world and fulfil St. 
 John's prophecy of a new heaven and a new 
 earth, for the '- former things " will have passed 
 away. 
 
 Were this Tribunal formed it would really 
 be, among other things, a correspondence 
 college for nations in such matters as the best 
 methods of keeping and simplifying Govern- 
 ment accounts. An outline of the necessary 
 blanks for keeping accounts and collecting 
 Customs, and for the Treasury department, 
 Postal department, and so forth could be 
 supplied, and it could also act as an 
 Employment Bureau. Competent men could 
 157
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 be furnished for the reorganization of 
 any department of national affairs ; and a 
 Committee of experts could go to a country 
 like Hayti or Venezuela, and show each depart- 
 ment of the Government just how to handle 
 in the most improved manner their accounts. 
 They would, if desired, provide a man to 
 oversee this work and assure that it was done 
 in a proper manner until those who were to 
 take control were thoroughly instructed. For 
 example, say that any Government of Central 
 or South America were in need of a loan, 
 and were willing to set aside, annually, part of 
 the Customs collection. The bankers who were 
 willing to make this loan could insist that, if 
 the money were supplied, the Government 
 should authorize and permit The Hague to 
 appoint officials to take charge of the Customs 
 collections until the debt were extinguished and 
 the obligation fully met. This policy was 
 followed by China when it called in an 
 Englishman, Sir Robert Hart, to undertake 
 such collection with perfect satisfaction to all 
 parties. 
 
 There are two men in the United States who 
 
 are fitted, by nature and achievements, for the 
 
 post of Peace Secretary. These are Senator 
 
 Elihu Root, who was awarded the Nobel Peace 
 
 158
 
 Needed Reforms 
 
 Prize in 1912, and who is trustee of the Car- 
 negie Peace Endowment Fund ; and Professor 
 John Bates Clark, of Columbia University. 
 
 THE SECRETARY OF PEACE 
 
 In the Cabinets of every nation there are 
 ministers or secretaries representing each phase 
 of national life. Labour, agriculture, colonies, 
 domestic affairs all are represented ; but in 
 every Cabinet the department for war is 
 represented by two secretaries a Secretary 
 for the Army and a Secretary for the Navy. 
 But the most important field of operation for 
 the welfare of the nations is not represented. 
 There is no Secretary of Peace. 
 
 If war has two representatives in every 
 Cabinet, then peace should have at least one. 
 
 Not only could these ministers be well 
 employed from now on, but when the nations 
 realize that peace is a factor in the national 
 life, the presence of a Secretary of Peace 
 in the Cabinets of all nations would be a vital 
 advance towards the desired haven. The 
 Secretary of Peace need not in any way usurp 
 the functions of the Foreign Secretary or the 
 Secretary of State : his duty should be to do 
 all in his power to propagate, incubate, instil, 
 shape and protect all peace ideas and ideals 
 159
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 among the people of his own and other 
 nations . 
 
 He should, in co-operation with the 
 Ministers for Peace of other nations, be the 
 first active member of the reorganized Hague 
 Tribunal until other permanent arrangements 
 are made. It should be his duty to uncover 
 all acts of the War Trusts the people who 
 benefit by war. His should be the task to 
 discover or devise ways, whereby, in time, all 
 armament factories may be owned by and 
 placed under the control of the Government ; 
 also, to offset any newspaper discussions of an 
 alarmist character, and to furnish antidotes to 
 national furies arising from seeming slights. 
 
 At least all Christian Governments should 
 have such a Cabinet Minister to stand for the 
 principle of the brotherhood of man, the first 
 article of that religion which they profess. The 
 creation of such an office would be a wonderful 
 step towards universal peace, and from the 
 remarkable stand which the Czar has taken 
 regarding the restriction of the sale of intoxi- 
 cating liquors, it would seem that Russia 
 would be the first Government to add this 
 important member to the personnel of its 
 Cabinet. The importance of such a reform 
 is patent to everybody, and the first Govern- 
 160
 
 Needed Reforms 
 
 ment that makes such an innovation, having 
 so far-reaching an effect, will go down to 
 history as a leader of civilization. Objections 
 might be made, and probably would, since 
 there are always those who object, instinc- 
 tively, to anything like reform ; but it is 
 certain that no objection could be produced 
 which would bear examination in the light of 
 reason . 
 
 A COINCIDENCE 
 
 In the first chapter of "Universal Peace ; War 
 is Mesmerism," written by the Author, he made 
 the suggestion that all nations should appoint 
 a Secretary of Peace. The day after the pre- 
 ceding pages of this present book were passed, 
 the following Bill was introduced into the 
 Congress of the United States : 
 
 A BILL TO CREATE AN EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT OF PEACE. 
 
 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa- 
 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
 That there is hereby created an executive department in the 
 Government, to be called the Department of Peace, with a 
 Secretary of Peace, who shall be the head thereof, to be 
 appointed by the President, by and with the advice and con- 
 sent of the Senate, and who shall receive a salary of twelve 
 thousand dollars per annum, and whose tenure of office shall 
 be like that of the heads of the other executive departments. 
 
 2, That the purpose of the Department of Peace shall be 
 
 l6l L
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 to act as a civil tribunal, clothed, by legislative act, with 
 ample power to cope with the problem of settling any con- 
 troversy or contention that may arise, so that reason with 
 intellect will adjust those controversies on the basis of the 
 ground of right to make it possible that violence, war, and 
 murder will be abandoned. 
 
 To act as a constitutional department where none exists at 
 present, by which this nation can control its domestic and 
 foreign policy through this created department by Congress 
 with specific headquarters, to work for the final abandonment 
 of the manufacture of armaments and equipments for human 
 slaughter at wholesale, or their transportation from one country 
 to another. 
 
 To prepare in time of peace for permanent peace. To aid 
 the nations now at war in establishing an international 
 supreme tribunal where all nations can be duly represented 
 and protected. To hold out to the distressed and crushed 
 at home and abroad the olive-branch and hope of final 
 triumph and realization of enabling power which they know 
 to be the right thing to do. And that all nations finally may 
 be induced to teach in their schools, colleges, universities, the 
 arts of peace, thereby to facilitate culture, progress, and 
 enlightement. The said secretary shall cause a seal of office 
 to be made for the said department of such device as the 
 President shall approve, and judicial notice shall be taken of 
 the said seal. 
 
 3. That there shall be in said department an Assistant 
 Secretary of Peace, to be appointed by the President, who 
 shall receive a salary of five thousand dollars per annum. 
 He shall perform such duties as shall be prescribed by the 
 Secretary and required by law. 
 
 4. That there shall also be one Chief Clerk, and such other 
 clerical assistants and agents as may from time to time be 
 provided for by Congress. The auditor for the State and 
 Other departments shall receive and examine all accounts of 
 
 162
 
 Needed Reforms 
 
 salaries and incidental expenses of the office of the Depart- 
 ment of Peace and certify the balances arising thereon to the 
 division of book-keeping and warrants, and send forthwith 
 a copy of each certificate to the Secretary of Peace. Said 
 Secretary shall also have authority to call upon other depart- 
 ments of Government for statistical data and results obtained 
 by them, and said Secretary of Peace may collect, arrange, 
 and publish such statistical information so obtained in such 
 manner as to him may seem wise. 
 
 5. That there shall be a solicitor of the Department of 
 Justice for the Department of Peace, whose salary shall be 
 five thousand dollars per annum. That the Secretary of 
 Peace shall investigate and report to Congress a plan of 
 co-ordination of the activities, duties, and powers of the 
 Secretary of Peace with the activities, duties, and powers of 
 the present bureaus, commissions, and departments, so far as 
 they relate to peace and its conditions, in order to harmonize 
 and unify such activities, duties, and powers, with a view to 
 further legislation, to further define the powers and duties 
 of such Department of Peace. 
 
 6. That this Act shall take effect from the date of its 
 passage, and all Acts and parts of Acts inconsistent with this 
 Act are hereby repealed. 
 
 FREE TRADE 
 
 High protective tariffs are responsible in a 
 great measure for two of the existing world - 
 evils. Firstly, they have enriched a few at 
 the expense of the many. Secondly, they have 
 bred the desire for colonies. Were trade more 
 or less free, or were there nothing more than 
 very light tariffs between countries, then all 
 the world would be a more or less open door 
 163
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 to trade, and the desire for colonial expansion, 
 one of the prime causes of war, would disap- 
 pear. There would then be less need of 
 standing armies and big navies, and if this 
 need were obviated, all nations would require 
 less income and could therefore reduce their 
 tariffs, if not, in time, abolish them. 
 
 Take the United States, for example, which 
 spent on its army and navy, in 1914, three 
 hundred and fourteen million dollars. Its 
 income from Customs receipts was two hun- 
 dred and ninety-two million dollars. If the 
 world-peace movement were successfully inau- 
 gurated, this charge for army and navy could 
 be reduced by at least one -half, or one hundred 
 and fifty million dollars per annum. This 
 would enable the Government to reduce the 
 tariff to that extent. Other nations would 
 follow suit, and trade would then be more or 
 less free. Private interests, now protected by 
 high tariffs, would, it is true, suffer to some 
 extent for a time, but the masses would gain. 
 These interests would soon adjust themselves 
 to the new conditions, and, though they might 
 not pay so much on watered capital as now, 
 there would be ample dividends for the real 
 capital invested in their businesses. 
 
 All great waterways, like the Suez and 
 164
 
 Needed Reforms 
 
 Panama Canals, the Dardenelles, and so forth, 
 could be guaranteed the protection of the 
 Hague Tribunal, and all nations would back 
 this guarantee. There would then be no need 
 of costly forts for the protection of these high- 
 ways, and the outlay annually made by the 
 United States in the defence of Panama would 
 be obviated. Free trade, or partial free trade, 
 would be a big stride towards the state of inter- 
 national peace and accord. 
 
 LIMITED NAVAL CONSTRUCTION 
 
 Count Okuma, the Japanese Premier, and President of 
 the Peace Society of Japan, expresses the opinion that the 
 experiences of the present titanic struggle will bring home 
 most forcibly to all a sense of the weighty burdens and the 
 horrible waste of war. " There and then," he says, " will be 
 an opportunity for an impartial, wise counsel to prevail : I 
 mean the counsel for a reduction of armaments, and for the 
 cultivation of the spirit of mutual toleration and esteem 
 among people of different races and creeds." Daily Telegraph. 
 
 Once a fixed plan has been decided upon, 
 among the nations, for a Hague Tribunal, there 
 will be little if any need for fresh naval con- 
 struction. There are just two nations, who, if a 
 fence were built around them and the export 
 of local products forbidden, would not be 
 practically self-supporting. All other nations 
 would, by a rearrangement of their resources, 
 165
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 exist on and by the fruits of their own labour 
 and soil. 
 
 The two exceptions are England and its 
 exact counterpart, Japan. Existence, for them, 
 is contingent wholly on their having unre- 
 stricted use of the seven seas, since they are, 
 in their respective continents, the greatest 
 maritime and commercial forces. There is no 
 doubt that England has not the slightest desire 
 or intention to acquire further territory 
 by conquest, and that Japan is perfectly 
 satisfied with her present possessions, not- 
 withstanding the oft-reiterated statement of 
 politicians that she will, ere long, make war 
 upon the United States and annex the Philip- 
 pine Islands. As regards Russia, she has 
 already, within her own far-reaching frontiers, 
 more than enough scope for development. We 
 need not imagine, at present at any rate, 
 that the Balkan States are likely to nourish 
 ambitions towards world-power ; Greece is 
 prevented by domestic causes ; Austria may 
 fairly be counted out ; France is apparently 
 content with its empire in Africa ; and Norway 
 and Sweden have always pursued the peaceful 
 paths of domestic development. 
 
 When, at last, peace is given to the world, 
 Germany, unless we mis -read the present signs 
 1 66
 
 Needed Reforms 
 
 and portents, will be minus any colonies she 
 may now possess ; and, regarding the United 
 States, the world knows her attitude in the 
 matter of possessions from her renunciation 
 of Cuba and her refusal to enter Mexico, as 
 well as her expressed willingness to give back 
 the Philippine Islands as soon as they can 
 safely be left to self-government. 
 
 So the outlook is that we have a world 
 either contented with matters as they are, or, 
 on the other hand, prevented, by natural weak- 
 ness, from realizing any ambitions they may 
 cherish. Any increase of their holdings would 
 only be possible by means of conquest and 
 the seizure of the property of other nations, 
 which, on the face of it, does not appear 
 possible . 
 
 Hence, if the nations enter into such an 
 agreement as outlined, giving The Hague full 
 authority to police the world, there would seem 
 to be no reason why the present boundaries 
 of the nations should not remain as they are 
 for another hundred years, and in that case 
 there would not be the slightest need for 
 further naval construction . England and Japan 
 have large enough navies as it is ; if Germany 
 is not to be a Power with colonies, it need only 
 fortify its harbours : a navy would be super - 
 167
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 fluous. Up to the time of writing, its navy 
 has not proved itself of over-much value as 
 a fighting arm, save in the direction of 
 submarining hospital ships and merchant 
 vessels ; though, of course, it may yet give 
 battle and destroy half the English navy 
 or go to the bottom of the North Sea. But 
 if England enters into an agreement cove- 
 nanting that it will not, for the duration of one 
 hundred years, use its navy aggressively 
 against Germany, then Germany has nothing 
 to fear, since it is the English tradition to fulfil 
 obligations. Then Germany will be able to 
 take the English -proposed holiday from naval 
 construction, and, when Germany rests from 
 this annual and frantic building of Dread- 
 noughts, England can do likewise, since she 
 has no other nation to fear. Think what a 
 saving in taxes and national debts would follow 
 this course ! What an age of uplift would 
 dawn, when no Dreadnoughts were launched 
 every other week and flung to the scrap-heap 
 a few years afterwards as obsolete. Germany's 
 navy, apart from its commerce raiders, has 
 achieved nothing, unless we count raids on 
 unfortified English towns as achievements. 
 The English have moved millions of men from 
 all parts of the globe to the military head- 
 168
 
 Needed Reforms 
 
 quarters, without the loss of one man, and 
 while Kiel Harbour protects the Kaiser's men- 
 of-war, the English fleet, naval and merchant, 
 is continuing its wonted course. During the 
 last thirteen years Germany has spent over 
 one hundred million pounds, or five hundred 
 million dollars on that fleet that skulks in its 
 harbours, and at present they have nothing 
 whatever to show for that outlay. It could 
 have conducted this war as well without a 
 navy as with it ; and, in that event, the navy 
 of England would be, no doubt, about half 
 the size that it now is. England, over the 
 same period, has spent one hundred and 
 seventy -one million pounds, or eight hundred 
 and fifty-eight million dollars on naval con- 
 struction : all of which might have been saved 
 for better purposes if only the Hague 
 Tribunal could guarantee the freedom of the 
 sea and of all waterways, like the Suez and 
 Panama Canals and the Dardanelles as sug- 
 gested in another chapter and limit naval 
 encounters to the coast-line of the belligerents. 
 
 LIMITED ARMIES 
 
 In other chapters is outlined the idea of 
 disbanding one -tenth of the armies and navies 
 of the world each year, and, though this is 
 169
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 merely a shadowy project, there can be little 
 doubt, whether the Hague Tribunal is organized 
 or not, that there will be an International Con- 
 gress, after the conclusion of the present 
 horrors, to consider the question of war in its 
 every aspect. If not, then it will mean that 
 the world is still asleep, bound in the 
 mesmeric conception that war is a regrettable 
 necessity. 
 
 It is, however, imperative, for the sake of 
 the masses of the people all the world over, 
 that a Congress of some kind be formed and 
 an agreement entered into for the limiting of 
 standing armies. If all the nations were to 
 adopt the same plan of a small standing army, 
 only calling for enlistment when peril threatened 
 them, then all nations would be on the same 
 footing, with nothing to fear from supposedly 
 stronger nations. A great standing army 
 means the upkeep of officers all over the 
 country who have nothing to do all day but 
 study the life of Napoleon, contemplate his 
 bust that stands upon their desks, and dream 
 of their own chances of being handed down to 
 posterity in oils and plaster. This, of course, 
 is detrimental to the peace of any country ; it 
 keeps the people harnessed up to the war idea. 
 Make it a matter of the utmost difficulty for 
 170
 
 Needed Reforms 
 
 any nation to equip itself for war, and it 
 will be as fair for one as the other. Let there 
 be a clause in international law that hostilities 
 shall not commence until six months after war 
 is declared, and then all nations concerned 
 will have exactly the same number of days in 
 which to prepare ; by which time, in all 
 probability, the clouds will have blown over. 
 Friendly nations will have brought pressure 
 to bear ; war will not appear so romantic or 
 attractive as it did in the heat of the contro- 
 versy ; and peace will follow as the day the 
 nijht. Had this law been applied in the crisis 
 of July 1914, the odds are a hundred to one 
 that Germany would never have made war. 
 
 While this international agreement as to the 
 limitation of standing armies were under way, 
 each nation could prepare its officers and men 
 for the new conditions they would meet when 
 their turn came to retire from the employment 
 of the Government. They could establish 
 schools in all camps and barracks, where trades 
 could be taught. Instruction could be given 
 regarding the resources of the colonies ; 
 horticulture, vine-culture, bee-culture, farming, 
 dairying, etc., could be taught, so that, when 
 they were disbanded, they would at once have 
 useful knowledge to put into practice in their 
 171
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 new walks of life. Then, as the war idea 
 left their minds, they would not be left empty 
 but would be filled with higher thoughts 
 of conquering industry, of building up the 
 greatness of their Fatherland and the colonies. 
 If there is anything on earth that it is worth 
 while to think over, pray over, and dream 
 over, it is war. It is the one thing in the 
 world where haste is dangerous. Nations 
 cannot afford to rush headlong into anything ; 
 certainly not into war. The swift move made 
 by Germany in the early days of August last 
 presents a very brilliant spectacle for a week 
 or so, but the aftermath is eternally tragic. 
 
 REGISTRATION OF COMPANIES AT THE HAGUE 
 
 It has fallen to my lot to see within the 
 last few years great suffering inflicted upon 
 many well-to-do people, among them several 
 personal friends, through the Mexican War, 
 whereby they have lost nearly all the accumu- 
 lations of their lifetime. As a banker, I 
 realize that the scars of this war will long be 
 remembered and will, for at least a generation, 
 influence investments of money in international 
 securities and make people not only timid of 
 foreign banks but also timid of foreign invest- 
 ments of any kind. Here it must be remem- 
 172
 
 Needed Reforms 
 
 bered that the progress of the world along 
 industrial lines is only made possible by the 
 interest of favoured lands such as England, 
 France, Germany, and the United States, who 
 invest their funds in the enterprises of new 
 countries and supply them with the necessary 
 money for the opening of railroads, public 
 utilities, and the thousand and one needs in the 
 direction of agriculture and the handling of 
 crops. The investment needs capital and the 
 capital needs the investment. 
 
 Never before in the world's history have the 
 same conditions prevailed as now. England 
 is holding firmly to all assets and investments 
 of Austria and Germany lodged in the Dresdner 
 and other enemy banks having branches in 
 the United Kingdom, and Germany has 
 attached all the money belonging to the 
 Japanese Government and private Japanese 
 companies in Germany. The same procedure 
 has been followed in France and Turkey 
 regarding investments of enemy countries. A 
 German cannot receive his coupons or divi- 
 dends from England ; neither can he sell his 
 stocks on the exchanges of any country with 
 whom his Government is at war. And the 
 same holds good in Germany and Austria 
 regarding the securities of the Allies. 
 173
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 Any given German may have had such con- 
 fidence in English enterprises that he invests 
 the savings of a lifetime in this way. The 
 war, of course, practically ruins him. He 
 does not believe in it, least of all in the German 
 cause, yet he is forced to serve under the 
 German eagle. So far as personal means are 
 concerned, he is almost penniless, without 
 remedy of any kind. 
 
 I have in mind the case of a man born in 
 Germany. When three years old his father 
 moved to England, and there, for many 
 years, they lived in entire accord with English 
 traditions. His father, being a wealthy man, 
 took with him all his money and invested it 
 in English companies. Heart and soul he was 
 English, and his son grew up imbued with 
 the love of all things English, and, when the 
 father died, all property, deposited with the 
 London branch of one of the leading German 
 banks, was left to the boy. But then came 
 the war, and immediately his income, indeed, 
 his bare subsistence, was stopped. His bonds 
 and shares he could not sell ; neither could he 
 put his hands on one cent or farthing. This 
 rich man is now really in want, and there 
 are thousands like him in France, Germany, 
 Russia, and Austria. 
 
 174
 
 Needed Reforms 
 
 Verily, war is hell, however we look at it. 
 Take, for example, the position of the holders 
 of Mexican Government bonds, and the 
 equally terrible predicament of the hundreds 
 of French people holding Turkish bonds. For 
 years Paris has poured its money into Turkey 
 into the great French Ottoman Bank, the 
 bond issues, and so forth and now, in a 
 moment, the annual income from these invest- 
 ments is arrested. Think of the dissatis- 
 faction that this has already bred and will 
 breed in the future ; also of the timidity 
 of capital and the overshadowing of con- 
 fidence . 
 
 When this war ends there is only one thing 
 to be done to restore confidence in inter- 
 national business, and that is, to devise some 
 plan whereby international money shall not 
 suffer by international differences. It is abso- 
 lutely imperative that this be done. The work 
 of reconstruction must start the moment the 
 last gun is fired, so that the innocent may be 
 saved from want and the industrial progress of 
 the world proceed with as little suspension as 
 possible. 
 
 International investments must in future 
 stand by themselves. They must be freed 
 from all conditions of war, so that the holder 
 175
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 need not any longer fear that he will starve 
 in the event of any difference of opinion 
 between Macchiavellian politicians, or be com- 
 pelled to limit his investments to his own 
 country. The world must be a field where he 
 may sow his money, if he wishes to do so, 
 without fear of reaping tares ; and all invest- 
 ments of an international character must carry 
 with them a guarantee that they do not now 
 possess. 
 
 Therefore all companies desiring an inter- 
 national market should be able to register 
 themselves, for a nominal fee, at The Hague. 
 Any company so registered becomes an inter- 
 national investment, and no nation, during war, 
 shall be allowed to hold up the interests or 
 dividends of such companies. No transfer can 
 be enjoined, and the stock markets of all the 
 world must be open to all enterprises so regis- 
 tered. Also, whether the holder of the bonds 
 be English, French, German, Austrian, 
 American, or Japanese, it shall make no 
 difference as to payment, and all bonds and 
 shares marked Registered at The Hague shall 
 carry a security free from the conditions of 
 war or any other external disruption. Such 
 securities would carry a low rate of interest, 
 and would help, as nothing else would do, 
 176
 
 Needed Reforms 
 
 in re-establishing of mutual confidence in the 
 world of finance. 
 
 Do not regard this scheme as imprac- 
 ticable. The state of affairs will force it, or 
 something like it, upon us, very soon. Neither 
 imagine that many generations are likely to 
 pass before such a contingency arises again. 
 Something must be done, and at once, to set 
 business on its feet and to heal the scars that 
 are now so deep and so numerous. There are 
 thousands and thousands of men who have 
 found themselves in the same predicament as 
 that of the man whom I have used as an 
 illustration. The plan is, indeed, eminently 
 practical. At present we have a Government 
 like Turkey borrowing money from France, 
 and, in the present state of affairs, withholding 
 payments of dividends. But if those bonds 
 were marked Registered at The Hague, then 
 there could be no possibility of refusing pay- 
 ment of coupons on the grounds of war, unless 
 Turkey were content to be isolated from the 
 financial markets of the world. Nor would it 
 be possible for her to seize the French Bank 
 in Constantinople, so long as its stock carried 
 the international imprint, for the justification 
 of which there would be the Hague Tribunal 
 and its contingent of men and ships, outlined 
 
 177 M
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 elsewhere. This plan would relieve investors 
 of one of the minor horrors of war, since the 
 vist of The Hague would be the Open Sesame 
 to thousands of pocket-books that otherwise 
 will remain closed for many years to come. 
 
 SAVING INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENTS 
 
 Capital going into new countries for the 
 building of railroads and for other important 
 developments has the power now, as never 
 before, to safeguard that property from de- 
 struction. The following is the plan suggested 
 regarding all capital thus invested, and if 
 capitalists would insist upon this they could 
 force all the smaller nations to agree to it, 
 or, in default, to remain without capital. 
 
 Supposing that capital is needed for a rail- 
 road in Peru. An agreement could be made 
 with the Government whereby the capital so 
 invested should be safeguarded ; and, if this 
 agreement were insisted upon, it would, in 
 course of time, become common custom and 
 appear automatically in all internationl agree- 
 ments . 
 
 If only this agreement and the police-force 
 
 of The Hague had been in existence two years 
 
 ago, what a saving and security there would 
 
 have been to investments in the Republic of 
 
 178
 
 Needed Reforms 
 
 Mexico ! Railroad building in Mexico, Peru, 
 Chili, or any other of the minor countries 
 should only be regarded in the light of 
 property owned by the shareholders and leased 
 to the Government, since it was public money 
 alone that enabled it to be built. Such a 
 procedure would not be possible with any of 
 the Great Powers of Europe or of the United 
 States; but elsewhere, in Turkey, Bulgaria, 
 Roumania, Servia, and Central and parts of 
 South America, it could be enforced, and all 
 capital could be withheld from them unless 
 they agreed. The acceptance of this clause 
 would be, too, to their own advantage since 
 it would make the securing of foreign capital 
 very much easier in the future, and would 
 perhaps help in the healing of the numerous 
 wounds now being inflicted by nation on nation. 
 This clause could not apply to small industrial 
 investments in the countries concerned, but 
 only to the larger enterprises such as railroads, 
 harbours, water and lighting-plant, and so 
 forth, where millions are involved. The clause 
 should run as follows, assuming that the 
 country needing the capital is, for the sake of 
 example, Peru : 
 
 The Peruvian Government, desiring in every way to safe- 
 guard this investment, and as a means of hastening the 
 179
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 acquisition of capital, hereby agrees that in the event of its 
 not safeguarding such property as is created by this invest- 
 ment, the Hague Tribunal shall be permitted to do so by the 
 employment of any armed force that it may decide to send, 
 and the said Tribunal shall have under this contract full 
 authority and permission to land at any time during either 
 civil or international war any force that may be deemed 
 necessary for the proper guarding of this property created 
 by investments under this concession. 
 
 Now this would not only save the investor 
 the loss of his money, but it would also save 
 the property for the country concerned, so 
 that, when hostilities were ended, it could at 
 once be used again for the rebuilding of the 
 country. It would also have the effect of 
 cheapening money to the newly-developed 
 lands and increasing their market -value on the 
 Bourses of the world, and any Government 
 giving this undertaking could in no way 
 damage itself. There might perhaps be added 
 a sub -clause to the effect that the property 
 should not be used for the transportation of 
 those fighting for the Government, and the 
 force sent by The Hague should possess full 
 powers to prevent any such attempted use. All 
 costs incurred by the Tribunal hi the safe- 
 keeping of the property should be charged to 
 the Government, and paid when the war were 
 concluded, either by cash or Government 
 1 80
 
 Needed Reforms 
 
 bonds. The very fact that this property was 
 so controlled would be of very considerable 
 moral assistance in that it would compel the 
 belligerents to respect its neutrality. 
 
 AN INTERNATIONAL FLAG 
 
 If the Hague Tribunal is properly consti- 
 stituted, and has for its backing the nations 
 of the world, it will have its own flag, the 
 international flag, common to all nations com- 
 posing the Tribunal. All peaceful shipping 
 should be allowed to fly this at any time that 
 may be deemed necessary for the purpose of 
 escaping capture and protecting the lives of 
 passengers and crew. It is difficult to see 
 why Germany should have put forward any 
 objection to the use of neutral flags, since the 
 use of the flags of other nations, for protective 
 purposes, has been countenanced for genera- 
 tions. Not only has it been countenanced 
 when the danger that threatened was the use- 
 less destruction of lives and property, but it 
 has also been countenanced when employed 
 by the belligerents, in order to approach the 
 enemy. James, the naval historian, has 
 recorded instances of French and English 
 ships using the Dutch and Danish flags in 
 this way ; and Lord Dundonald tells, in his 
 181
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 Memoirs, how, in an action against a Spanish 
 frigate, he hoisted the American flag, and, 
 later, painted his ship 'to resemble a Danish 
 boat and engaged a Danish quartermaster in 
 the uniform of that country. When he encoun- 
 tered another Spanish ship he hoisted Danish 
 colours and flew the yellow flag forward, and 
 his Danish officer explained to the approaching 
 Spaniards that they were a Danish boat, from 
 Algiers, where the fever was raging. They 
 were allowed to pass. Another instance was 
 recorded in a recent issue of the Morning Post, 
 where a correspondent told the story of how 
 the captain of a liner escaped the Burmese 
 guns. His was the last ship to leave Mandalay 
 after the declaration of war in 1886, and he 
 was bound for Rangoon. Whilst taking 
 tiffin in the saloon he was informed by his 
 officer that they were approaching the Burmese 
 frontier fort of Minhla, and that the guns were 
 trained on them. The captain's inspiration 
 was to take the white tablecloth and liberally 
 daub it with the remains of the curry. This 
 he carried on deck and hoisted to the mast- 
 heada golden peacock on a white ground. 
 Immediately the guns were swung off, and 
 flags dipped on fort and ship. 
 
 The United States also used the English 
 182
 
 Needed Reforms 
 
 flag during the Civil War, and the Spanish 
 flag during the Spanish -American War. The 
 Emden used the Japanese flag, and even 
 erected an extra smoke -funnel to resemble 
 more nearly the outline of a Japanese war- 
 ship. In her case it was not a ruse to escape 
 capture, but in order to approach and sink 
 merchantmen. Yet Germany seriously objects 
 to passenger boats using other nations' flags. 
 Apparently she can violate every international 
 law and usage of warfare, and none may 
 object ; but when another nation makes any 
 slight departure from precedent, the smug 
 hypocrisy and effrontery of the Teuton are 
 brought into play to condemn such practices 
 as outlawry. If the Emden could and did 
 use the Japanese flag for the purpose of 
 destruction, then surely it is right for a 
 passenger ship to fly false colours for the 
 purpose of saving life. As a matter of fact, 
 no officer of the German Navy could have 
 been deceived by the use of the American 
 flag on the Lusitania, since he must have 
 known that America has no boat of the size 
 of the Lusitania, which carried four funnels. 
 
 The sea, as stated in another chapter, should 
 be under the jurisdiction of the united world, 
 and the international flag should be flown by 
 183
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 all ships when beyond the six-mile limit, or 
 whenever, at the discretion of the commander, 
 it might be thought necessary. As the 
 Tribunal, if organized, would exist for the 
 purpose of establishing and preserving world- 
 peace, the use of its flag should be made legal 
 at all times for effecting that purpose. That 
 would be an important step, but a more 
 important would be a readjustment of the con- 
 ditions governing naval warfare. If there is 
 to be war in the future, then it should be 
 made an essential point of international law 
 that operations be limited to land and within 
 fifty or a hundred miles of the coasts of the 
 belligerents. There is little to be gained by 
 the exploits of the Emden and her companions . 
 It is true that a couple of million pounds' 
 worth of property has been destroyed, but this 
 only falls on Lloyd's, where insurance can 
 always be obtained, no matter what the risk. 
 Naval capture should be made impossible 
 outside the hundred-mile limit. Within that 
 limit a blockade could be maintained if 
 desired, and the rest of the sea should be 
 free to the entire world and under its juris- 
 diction. Such world-wide destruction as we 
 have lately witnessed injures other nations than 
 those at war almost as severely as those con- 
 184
 
 Needed Reforms 
 
 cerned. During this war all supposedly estab- 
 lished rules have been broken, and it is a 
 matter for regret that the so-called civilized 
 Powers have not long ago objected to the 
 outrages on land and the mines in the North 
 Sea. A terrible toll has already been exacted 
 from Sweden, Norway, and Denmark in the 
 loss of ships and men, and the tale is not 
 yet finished. When the international flag is 
 established another law should immediately 
 follow it namely, a law forbidding the sowing 
 of mines. These mines have so far had little 
 effect on the course of the war ; mostly their 
 victims have been peaceful merchantmen. In 
 many cases, too, it is the neutral nations that 
 are helping to feed the hungry and destitute 
 of the belligerent nations, and to maintain the 
 Red Cross organizations ; and the raiders who 
 interfere with such well-intentioned shipping 
 do themselves more harm than good. 
 
 Suppose, for example, that in some future 
 war the same conditions were allowed to con- 
 tinue, and that these same nations were 
 involved. At that time we will assume that 
 Russia, Germany, Austria, and France possess 
 navies equal in strength to that of England. 
 Suppose that on the high seas twenty com- 
 merce-destroyers like the Emden are at large, 
 185
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 engaged in the same traffic -hunting ; and 
 imagine the immediate results if all the nations 
 at war adopted the German principles of naval 
 warfare, and put them into practice with the 
 improved torpedoes, submarines, and water - 
 planes that will then be perfected. They 
 could sink, if they chose, by various means, 
 neutral ships carrying only passengers or 
 merchandise for countries not at war ; and 
 the result would be chaos and the strangu- 
 tion of the world. No neutral nations would 
 dare to send out passenger or merchant vessels . 
 Trade everywhere would stagnate. 
 
 This state of things might have been in 
 existence to-day but for the powerful navies 
 of England and France. They alone have 
 saved us and kept the sea as open as it has 
 been. Even as it is, however, tremendous 
 damage has been done and many innocent 
 lives sacrificed ; and it does not seem possible, 
 in face of this experience, that the world will 
 not unite and do all in its power to prevent 
 a repetition of this state of affairs on an 
 enlarged scale. Now is the time to enlist the 
 sympathies of the world in the formation of 
 a plan whereby naval warfare may be limited, 
 and an international flag be instituted under 
 which peaceful vessels can sail in safety. 
 186
 
 Needed Reforms 
 
 STATE CONTROL OF ARMAMENT WORKS 
 
 Business is business. If a man is in the 
 tea business, he is extremely anxious that all 
 the world shall drink his tea. If he is manu- 
 facturing boots, he is extremely anxious to 
 see everybody wearing his boots. If he is 
 selling razors, it is to his interest that the 
 fashion shall dictate clean-shaven chins. If 
 he is selling cannon, rifles, and army supplies, 
 he naturally desires war. 
 
 In view of this fact, it is high time, if war 
 is to continue as a means of argument, that 
 each nation take over all factories now making 
 armour-plates and war weapons, all shipyards 
 that build naval boats, all powder works and 
 shot-towers, and issue Government bonds to 
 pay for them. All explosives of whatsoever 
 kind should be sold only upon permits obtain- 
 able from a Government official, so that 
 ingredients for bombs could not easily be 
 secured. Neither guns, revolvers, swords, nor 
 any lethal weapon should be sold to any one 
 without a Government certificate ; and no 
 private person or group of persons should be 
 allowed to manufacture anything in the 
 nature of armaments or component parts of 
 armaments . 
 
 So long as the manufacture of such things 
 187
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 is a paying business, so long will nations live 
 in fear and trembling of one another. It is 
 appalling to think of the enormous dividends 
 that are paid to stockholders out of the profits 
 on the production of murderous instruments. 
 Establishments such as Krupp's which has 
 made its proprietors the richest family in 
 Germany should no longer be allowed to exist 
 as a private concern. Often the stock of these 
 companies is held by members of legislatures, 
 men who have a vote on questions concerning 
 the nation's destiny, and who would be 
 enriched by war. In an international crisis 
 the votes of a few interested men may be all 
 that is necessary to throw the scale in the 
 direction of war ; and their pocket-books con- 
 trol the lives of hundreds of thousands, even 
 millions. Often, too, the legislators are in 
 the secret pay of the armament factories, and 
 members of their families may be directors 
 of such concerns. For all we know some of 
 the members of the Kaiser's family may be 
 stockholders in Krupp's and other plants of 
 a similar kind ; and certainly much stock is 
 held by army and navy men who habitually 
 think war, talk war, and work and live for 
 war. Again, many of these big interests con- 
 trol or have a leading voice in the control 
 188
 
 Needed Reforms 
 
 of newspapers, through which they can shape 
 the thoughts of the people and so artfully 
 manipulate the war idea until public opinion 
 has decided that it would be lasting dishonour 
 to retreat from the stand taken against the 
 contending nation. 
 
 Krupp, during this year of disgrace, is pay- 
 ing a 12 per cent, dividend, a rate which few 
 German concerns in industrial lines are able to 
 pay. Also they are increasing their capital by 
 three million five hundred thousand pounds. 
 Suppose that the prospectus sent to stock- 
 holders and others from whom subscrip- 
 tions are desired should follow the form 
 of the customary financial prospectus : that 
 is, explain the merits of their inventions 
 and products and the pecuniary value of the 
 investment. In that case it would have to 
 read somewhat as follows : 
 
 This new capital is required since the nation is now on the 
 way to bankruptcy, and, with this extra money, we feel sure 
 we can help it on its way. Our new improved guns kill at 
 least 50 per cent, more than the guns produced by any other 
 armoury ; and the remarkable achievements of the German 
 gunners, by means of our machines as witnessed in the 
 destruction of the cathedral and library of Louvain and the 
 cathedral of Rheims could not be surpassed by any other 
 gunners with any other guns. We can say with pardonable 
 pride that our army, equipped from the plant at Essen, has 
 189
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 destroyed at least 40 per cent, more historic buildings than 
 our enemies with their inferior weapons. The ruins of these 
 buildings and the mortality lists in the ranks of our opponents 
 are in themselves a lasting testimonial to the efficiency of our 
 productions. 
 
 That is about the form their prospectus 
 would have to take if it followed the usual 
 form of such appeals. And, if the increased 
 capital be forthcoming from the German 
 public, as it undoubtedly will, it will aid 
 in the further production of instruments 
 for death and destruction, and perhaps a 
 dividend even higher than 12 per cent, will 
 be announced. 
 
 It is a well-known fact that during war 
 abnormal prices are paid. Only a few people 
 make the things required, and they can charge 
 what they wish ; and, by paying extra wages 
 to their hands, they make them also eager for 
 that period of prosperity which will come to 
 them with war. Behind all capital invested 
 in powder plants, shipyards, and plate 
 factories there is tremendous power ; and 
 the same applies to the contractors who supply 
 army and navy uniforms, who are employed 
 in building fortifications, who furnish the army 
 with horses, mules, foodstuffs, and so on. 
 To feel confident that this power is never mis- 
 190
 
 Needed Reforms 
 
 used would be to ignore the fact that human 
 nature is human nature. 
 
 These men know full well that it is not their 
 blood that will be spilled. They look upon 
 the army and navy of their nation not as a 
 group of human beings, but as a machine, 
 constructed at great annual cost and for use 
 when possible in their selfish interests. They 
 know that war will enrich thousands them- 
 selves included that it creates a condition 
 where graft can run amok and pass unnoticed. 
 So war is forced upon the world, and these 
 men's pockets are lined by the dollars they 
 grab from the pools of blood formed by the 
 young men of their country. 
 
 THE SPY SYSTEM 
 
 For years it has been the custom for all 
 great railroads and industrial enterprises in the 
 United States to have at Washington and the 
 different State capitals a marvellous organiza- 
 tion called a " Lobby." High-priced men and 
 women have drawn princely salaries by pre- 
 venting the passage of legislation which, it 
 was thought, might be detrimental to big 
 interests. The hotels were filled with these 
 lobbyists, of both sexes, who were able, 
 by the use of money and influence, to thwart 
 legislation.
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 Few men have built more miles of railroad 
 than myself, but I have never paid one cent 
 of money for any concession, and I have 
 never on any occasion used the lobbies among 
 legislators. My own experience, therefore, 
 enables me to say, with authority, that such 
 underhand methods are a blot on the 
 'scutcheon of business and entirely unneces- 
 sary : success can be and has been achieved 
 again and again without them. 
 
 These lobbies made it their business to see 
 that objectionable Bills were introduced in 
 Congress and State legislature which they 
 must afterwards defeat. If no such Bills were 
 brought forward, then some one would draft 
 one, and it would be introduced by a Member 
 of the Legislature. By this means the lobbyist 
 frightened the interests that he represented, 
 and their purses were opened to him to 
 engineer its annulment. There are hundreds 
 of cases where one-half of the money given 
 to the legislator for his vote came back to 
 the lobbyist. In other words, the legislator 
 and the lobbyist together would draft some 
 very objectionable Bill, and then force the 
 interests to pay out large sums of money which 
 legislator and lobbyist would divide. 
 
 At last, however, the lobbyist and his under- 
 192
 
 Needed Reforms 
 
 ground work became so notorious and so 
 scandalized public opinion that the interests 
 that formerly employed him were forced to 
 abandon his services, and purposeless Bills are 
 not now so freely introduced. It seems to 
 have been realized that corruption does not 
 always pay, and the old philosophy that has 
 so long fooled the world namely, that to do 
 anything in a straightforward way is to invite 
 defeat, and that the end justifies the means- 
 seems to be in its decline. But men through- 
 out the world business men, politicians, kings, 
 and emperors have long subscribed to it, and 
 have readily employed the crafty tools of evil, 
 expecting to realize profitable and enduring 
 results therefrom. Evil, however, is not a 
 reliable messenger. It often fails to deliver 
 the goods, and perhaps the most striking 
 failure of this kind has been that of the 
 German spy system. 
 
 Let us observe how this system works. The 
 Government at Berlin, we will say, wishes to 
 get plans of some French fortifications. The 
 chief of the Secret Service Department dele- 
 gates some of his astute subordinates to 
 accomplish this. In time one of these men 
 discovers a French officer who could, if he 
 would, supply the desired information. He 
 193 N
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 takes up his abode in the same town and 
 endeavours to introduce himself into the same 
 social set where he may frequently meet his 
 quarry. By delicate intrigue he succeeds in 
 becoming an acquaintance, and finally an 
 intimate companion. He does his utmost to 
 lead his victim into the drink habit or into 
 gambling, whereby he becomes involved in 
 financial difficulties. His knowledge of men 
 is so deep that he knows precisely the psycho- 
 logical moment at which he may safely force 
 his prey to sell his honour and his country. 
 As Krupp knows the resisting force of steel, 
 so does the spy know the resisting force of 
 man. If, however, neither of these two plans 
 works, some clever and attractive woman is 
 brought into the scheme : there is little in 
 the way of device and contraption that the 
 German Secret Service man has not at his 
 fingers' ends. But the simple and time- 
 honoured means are usually sufficient ; and 
 soon this officer, who hitherto has lived a clean 
 life as citizen, husband, father, and soldier, 
 is led on and on, by means so adroit that he 
 does not perceive them, until at last he falls. 
 These spies are agents of a great nation 
 whose Emperor professes Christianity and 
 claims God as his ally. He knows that what 
 194
 
 Needed Reforms 
 
 has been done in the case of this young officer 
 is being done all over the world in garrisons 
 and all departments of public and diplomatic 
 service. Where they will serve his purpose 
 he does not hesitate to use the devil's tools, 
 but the moment he is in a tight corner he 
 calls upon God. 
 
 Think what his agents have done during 
 the last ten or twenty years ! All over 
 Belgium, for example, have been built factories 
 which commanded the positions of great cities. 
 These factories were ostensibly for private 
 enterprises, but they actually covered cement 
 foundations for big guns, as well as wireless 
 telegraphy installations. In one farm in 
 Western Belgium were found, hidden under 
 a manure pile, eight machine-guns. For 
 three years they had been kept there, the 
 farmer receiving three hundred pounds for his 
 treachery. This is but one example of 
 hundreds. And the man who is responsible 
 for these things finds himself reduced to tears 
 over the destruction he has wrought. 
 
 Now, at a low estimate, the spy system has 
 cost Germany a million pounds a year for 
 the last ten years, and about half a million 
 for the preceding thirty years. That is to 
 say, at least, one hundred and twenty-five 
 '95
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 million dollars, or twenty-five million pounds, 
 have been spent in this way since the war 
 of 1870. The secrets of every Government 
 are sought, more or less, by every other 
 Government, and every hour of every day 
 they are attempting to obtain plans of one 
 another's forts and details of naval and military 
 preparations. This information they obtain at 
 all costs, by bribery, seduction, and other re- 
 pulsive methods. They buy documents from 
 diplomatic agents, and they buy the agents 
 themselves, if they are for sale ; and if they 
 cannot buy, then they steal them. Upon the 
 information furnished by these spies the sup- 
 posedly intelligent men constituting Cabinets 
 and Courts base their plans ; but that this 
 information is not always reliable has been 
 well illustrated in the course of the present war . 
 These innumerable Service agents of the 
 Kaiser, graduates of the " Spy School " of 
 Captain von Tappheus, of Koenigergralzer- 
 strasse, Berlin, gave him to understand, very 
 definitely, that England would not fight : she 
 was torn asunder by the Irish question and 
 the Indian question. Russia, he was told, 
 could not mobilize in less than six months. 
 French military strength, they reported, was 
 over-estimated : headquarters had not even 
 196
 
 Needed Reforms 
 
 proper equipment for the men. They 
 evidently realized that results were expected 
 of them, and financial inducements Jed them 
 to minister to the bellicose ambitions of their 
 megalomaniac monarch. He desired Austria 
 for an ally ; therefore they assured him that 
 the efficiency of Austria was about double what 
 it was proved to be ; and he attempted to 
 march to victory over the devious roads 
 which he had made the roads of international 
 espionage . 
 
 Would it not be better for each nation to 
 permit other nations to inspect its forts and 
 to witness all tests of its new guns, rather 
 than exist by employment of a system so 
 contemptible as that of espionage? 
 
 If there were no secrets, each nation would 
 be in the same position. To the military mind 
 this may not seem practicable, but the military 
 mind is a singularly limited mind. A few 
 moments' thought, however, will convince the 
 average person that there is nothing Utopian 
 about it. As these facts are always, in the 
 end, obtained, they might just as well be an 
 open secret ; and the abandonment of the spy 
 system would mean a saving of at least five 
 million pounds, or twenty-five million dollars, 
 per annum. 
 
 197
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 Here is a great evil crying for reform, and 
 there is no people who might be so instru- 
 mental in bringing about this reform as the 
 Socialists, who, indeed, will probably be the 
 chief means of engineering other advances 
 towards international brotherhood. They have 
 always stood for clean fighting and for mutual 
 confidence between Governments. War for 
 protection is, we will admit, a regrettable 
 necessity ; but dishonourable tactics the most 
 despicable of which is the spy system might 
 well be abandoned without loss to any one. 
 
 A NEUTRAL LANGUAGE 
 
 The prime cause of international hate and 
 distrust is lack of acquaintance among the 
 people and the ignorance attending upon it. 
 If this ignorance were removed, the whole 
 world would live as happily and peacefully 
 as do the United States and Canada, where all 
 races intermingle. In the United States are 
 twelve million foreign -born people, and in 
 Chicago alone there are more Germans and 
 men and women of German descent than in 
 any other city of the world, Berlin excepted. 
 These twelve million live in perfect amity under 
 one flag, and if one flag can cover, so peace- 
 ably, twelve million cosmopolitans, then it can 
 198
 
 Needed Reforms 
 
 cover the world. National traits and preju- 
 dices are consumed in this great melting-pot 
 to such an extent that the second generation 
 of these immigrants in a large percentage of 
 cases, cannot speak the language of their 
 parents, and intermarry with all races, thinking 
 and speaking in the same tongue from Maine 
 to Alaska. There are no barriers of speech 
 or manners : no mutual hatred or throat- 
 cutting ; they are able to explain themselves 
 one to the other, and are, comparatively, in 
 accord. Slav, Anglo-Saxon, Teuton, all sink 
 their racial habits to form one composite mass 
 making for unity of purpose and action. The 
 farmer in Maine knows just what line of 
 thinking is being followed by the farmer in 
 California ; he reads the same papers on 
 chicken culture and pursues the same methods 
 in his work, and, if these men met, though their 
 homes are three thousand miles apart, they 
 could better exchange views than the farmer 
 at Verdun and the farmer at Strasburg. 
 
 The great need of the world, therefore, is 
 a neutral language, by means of which men of 
 different nations would be able to do something 
 else than look at one another and wonder what 
 each is thinking. Lacking this language, the 
 nice shades of feeling, the more delicate senti- 
 199
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 ments, which each desires to express remain 
 unspoken, and this mutual silence is often 
 interpreted in the worst possible way. The 
 Teuton now looks upon the Slav with sus- 
 picion ; the Asiatic regards the Occidental as 
 a barbarian ; but, could they express them- 
 selves, they could find out in what relation 
 they stood to one another, and discover, in 
 most cases, that their aims and ideals had much 
 in common. 
 
 The mixture of languages at present to be 
 heard on the battlefield has its equal only in 
 the fabled Tower of Babel. One is probably 
 safe in saying that forty or fifty dialects are 
 being spoken by the belligerent forces, 80 
 per cent, of whom have no idea what they are 
 fighting for or what the result of this hell 
 will be. If they could exchange ideas at the 
 conclusion of hostilities, many friendships 
 would be formed among prisoners and captors. 
 It would be realized that both were living with 
 but one object the making of a fair liveli- 
 hood for themselves and families, and, thereby, 
 securing comfort and happiness. They would 
 in many cases be able to assure one another 
 that they had no grounds for quarrelling, and 
 numbers of the men would intermarry with 
 the daughters or sisters of their captors, 
 200
 
 Needed Reforms 
 
 and settle down in the land of their whilom 
 enemy . 
 
 At present there is but one language by 
 means of which they m/sunderstand one 
 another : the dead language of war imple- 
 ments, of cannon and brute force. If, 
 then, iron and steel can be used to speak 
 in the same accents in every corner of 
 the globe, for the purpose of destruction, 
 one contemplates, with some hope, the 
 prospect of one neutral language aiding 
 towards construction. If one half of the 
 money, time, and energy devoted to war 
 preparation were devoted to the spread of a 
 neutral tongue, the world would soon witness 
 an end of war. 
 
 Now let us consider what that universal 
 tongue should be. There can be but one 
 answer : English ; the reason for this being 
 that it is already the most widely spoken of all 
 languages, and its use is growing year by year. 
 Go where you will say to the interior of 
 Norway and Sweden and in the smallest 
 village you will find people who speak English. 
 Mostly they are people who have lived in the 
 United States, Canada, or some other British 
 Possession, where conditions of business offered 
 greater possibilities than any other foreign 
 201
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 country, and have returned, in their old age, 
 to spend their declining years amid their native 
 surroundings. In Italy, there are literally 
 thousands familiar with English ; and in Greece, 
 Austria, Serbia, and elsewhere in all the five 
 continents, the same conditions prevail, espe- 
 cially among the labouring classes. Even in a 
 country like Mexico the use of English has 
 increased to a remarkable extent within the 
 last ten years. 
 
 Throughout the world we see the tide of 
 language flowing towards English, and the 
 following table illustrates the spread of that 
 tongue within one hundred years : 
 
 Language. 1801. 1911. 
 
 English 20,500,000 160,000,000 
 
 French ... ... 31,450,000 70,000,000 
 
 German ... ... 39,320,000 130,000,000 
 
 Italian ... ... 15,070,000 50,000,000 
 
 Spanish ... ... 26,190,000 50,000,000 
 
 Portuguese ... 7,480,000 25,000,000 
 
 Russian 30,770,000 160,000,000 
 
 In the period covered by this table the only 
 two languages showing an increased percentage 
 are English and German with a gain in English 
 of 1 3 - 5 per cent, on the whole and in German 
 of 3-5 per cent. German was 18 i per cent. 
 of the total in 1801 ; it is now 22*2 per cent. 
 202
 
 Needed Reforms 
 
 English was 127 per cent, in 1801 ; now 
 27-3 per cent. The first place goes there- 
 fore to English, and this is universally recog- 
 nized since the merchant in any line in any 
 part of the globe who desires to develop inter- 
 national trade is compelled to have as assistant, 
 some one who can speak and write English, 
 and those shops in Continental resorts where 
 English is not spoken show remarkably lower 
 returns than their more enterprising com- 
 petitors. The American and his money are 
 of vital importance to the development of 
 Europe, and the same applies to the English- 
 man with his money invested in great com- 
 mercial and industrial enterprises. They were 
 omnipotent, and the man and woman who can 
 speak their language have a far greater 
 chance of success, not only abroad, where the 
 knowledge will mean a saving of two or three 
 years in the struggle towards prosperity, but 
 also in their own country. 
 
 At the present time, of course, Germany and 
 Austria would find it unspeakably repugnant 
 to make English compulsory in their schools. 
 But it is reasonably certain that when the 
 keen commercial spirit of the Teuton sees, as 
 it will, that the nations that have adopted 
 English and made it compulsory in their 
 203
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 schools are gaining advantages everywhere, 
 and that they themselves are gradually being 
 isolated in the markets of the world, they will 
 reluctantly, but of necessity, adopt it. 
 
 Italy, too, might well make the experiment. 
 Thousands and thousands of her people have 
 gone to the States, and have there readily 
 acquired the language, and the universal adop- 
 tion of English would be a very valuable asset 
 to that country. It would be of the greatest 
 assistance in opening up the country to 
 American money, and property values would 
 increase enormously, since greater numbers of 
 Americans would purchase villas or spend 
 several months of the year in its cities, coast 
 towns, and beautiful lake region but for the 
 inconvenience of the language. 
 
 Switzerland has already, by individual 
 initiative, spread the use of the language 
 through its territory, and thousands of English 
 and Americans swarm every year to Lucerne, 
 Geneva, Montreux, Davos Platz, and so on. 
 It only needs an official decree, making it 
 compulsory in all schools, and millions more 
 of good money that now goes elsewhere would 
 be attracted to the Republic. 
 
 With respect to France, at the conclusion 
 of this war she will surely be drawn more 
 204
 
 Needed Reforms 
 
 than ever towards her English ally. The shed- 
 ding of their common blood will form a link 
 between them, and an alliance something more 
 than political will be the result. Already hun- 
 dreds of friendships, which will endure for a 
 generation and perhaps pass on to the next, have 
 been formed in the trenches and during the 
 sojourn of English soldiers in French towns 
 and villages, as well as in the hospitals . 
 Tommy has fraternized with Piou-piou by 
 means of few words and many elaborate 
 gestures. They have marched and fought 
 together ; feasted, starved, rejoiced, made love 
 together, and they have suffered in company, 
 sometimes dying in one another's arms. 
 Friendships formed amid such universal sur- 
 roundings of human pain and human pleasure 
 are not easily broken. Further, increasing 
 numbers of civil English have been buying 
 or renting homes in French coast resorts, and 
 business ties between the countries are 
 steadily drawing closer. Art, too, has been 
 a firm link between the Latin and th Anglo- 
 Saxon temperament, and only future ages will 
 be able to discern the extraordinary influence 
 upon English painting and letters exercised by 
 the schools of Paris. It should not, therefore, 
 be difficult to have English made compulsory 
 205
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 in all French schools, just as French is com- 
 pulsory in all the High Schools of England, for 
 it will easily be seen that such an enactment 
 would be the means of adding millions to 
 French property values . 
 
 In Norway and Sweden, again, there should 
 be little difficulty. Scandinavians go by the 
 thousand to America every year, and as their 
 countries are becoming increasingly popular as 
 tourist resorts, and their hotels, in consequence, 
 are paying good prices to agriculturists for 
 their provisions, the compulsory adoption of 
 English hi the schools would be here also a 
 big stride forward in the direction of national 
 prosperity. 
 
 Little progressive Holland provides the soli- 
 tary example where English is already com- 
 pulsory. 
 
 Regarding Belgium, when this land is 
 restored to its brave defenders, in what way 
 could they better express their gratitude to 
 England and America than by joining in the 
 movement towards compulsory English? 
 
 Russia presents a considerable problem. 
 They, however, are more apt than any other 
 people in acquiring foreign tongues, while it 
 is a matter of extreme difficulty for the most 
 intelligent foreigner to master the Russian 
 206
 
 Needed Reforms 
 
 characters and idioms. After this war, Russia 
 will probably make greater strides than she 
 has ever made in the paths of national 
 enlightenment, and if a nation can take the 
 stand that she did for temperance, and abolish 
 alcoholic liquors almost in a day it is entirely 
 within the bounds of possibility that she would 
 also favour a universal peace movement which 
 would be immeasurably aided by a neutral 
 language. She might start in this direction by 
 making English compulsory in, at any rate, 
 the higher schools. 
 
 It may be thought that we have already 
 an international language : namely, Esperanto. 
 But the advantages of these quack languages 
 are very small indeed. Numbers of them have 
 already been tried, and have proved to be 
 utter failures. Esperanto, Volapuk, and Ido 
 are of no assistance in the many countries 
 where English is already a valuable asset. 
 They do not help the tens of thousands, even 
 millions, who annually go to the United States, 
 Canada, and Australia. No ! English is the 
 one language for the world, since everything 
 is drifting that way, and the wise man goes 
 with the tide. 
 
 For international use the text -books of this 
 language should be made as simple as possible. 
 207
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 One of the first steps towards a realization 
 of this ideal will be for some rich benefactor 
 of mankind to found an endowment by means 
 of which a publishing plant may be laid down. 
 At this establishment could be printed, at a 
 nominal charge, monthlies for adults and young 
 people, which could be sold at a price within 
 the reach of all. These monthlies would con- 
 tain, for adults, all the serious work of the 
 great minds in literature, and, for children, 
 the best short stories and poems adapted to 
 their years. This institution should be located 
 in Switzerland, since that is about the centre 
 of Europe, and its activities should concern 
 themselves with every kind of English litera- 
 ture and educational matter. Besides the 
 enduring works of the masters and other litera- 
 ture, there should be short condensed histories 
 of the world and its various countries ; simple 
 lectures on steam, electricity, and all the indus- 
 trial phases of life. These should be issued 
 in pamphlet form and should be accessible to 
 all. They should also be freely advertised as 
 the cheapest and most up-to-date text-books 
 obtainable. Lists of all these publications 
 should be in every school where this neutral 
 language is taught, so that teachers may form 
 clubs among their pupils and order copies 
 208
 
 Needed Reforms 
 
 wholesale. The Governments of all countries 
 entering into this contract should have special 
 low-priced postage -stamps designed for the 
 carrying of this literature to schools and 
 students in every part of the globe. In all 
 countries there would then be a great incentive 
 towards perfection in this language, since, by 
 its means, the door of learning would be opened 
 to them at a lower expenditure than ever before . 
 
 What more practical use, therefore, could a 
 Rockefeller, a Carnegie, or a Rothschild make 
 of his money than to attempt to unify men and 
 nations in one common language, while not in 
 any way hurting or taking from any country 
 its mother-tongue? Consider the value, at the 
 present moment, of a neutral language common 
 to the men of all armies and navies. 
 
 This reform will probably require, for its 
 full development, at least ten years. It could 
 first be introduced in the Normal High Schools 
 and colleges . Then, as teachers were equipped, 
 it could be gradually introduced into every 
 school throughout the world. Laws could be 
 enacted by each country making it compulsory 
 upon its people, and these laws might take 
 the form that, after ten years from the date 
 of the enactment, no person ignorant of English 
 would be eligible for any Government position 
 209 o
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 of any kind, even as policemen or mail-clerks. 
 This would be all the compulsion needed, and 
 thus the melting-pot of Europe would begin 
 its work towards the unification of the world, 
 and would take the first step toward lifting 
 the veil that now hides one half of mankind 
 from the other half. 
 
 It would be the means of bringing about 
 international marriages, especially among 
 peoples whose frontiers adjoin ; it would make 
 a composite world -race as in the case of the 
 United States, and the same art, the same 
 drama, the same books and songs could be 
 mutually enjoyed. Further, this intermarriage 
 would have the effect of considerably improv- 
 ing the stock of each race, since we know how 
 continued intermarriage of the same peoples 
 brings about race deterioration and, in some 
 cases, extinction. An example of this improve- 
 ment is furnished by the Portuguese who have 
 settled in Latin America and intermarried with 
 the races of the Argentine and other republics ; 
 they are notably stronger and of larger stature 
 than members of the parent stock. These and 
 the other points indicated above are but a few 
 of the many arguments in favour of universal 
 English, and indicate briefly the endless benefits 
 that would accrue to all from its adoption. 
 210
 
 Needed Reforms 
 
 WOMAN'S SUFFRAGE 
 
 The inclusion of women in the franchise will 
 be an important step in the direction of 
 universal peace. The world is beginning to 
 realize the beneficent fruits of woman's recent 
 development and greater freedom. The present 
 is distinctively the age of the so-called " weaker 
 sex." " God hath chosen the weak things of 
 the world to confound the things which are 
 mighty." But the appellation "weaker sex," 
 as applied to women, is an obvious misnomer, 
 which fact no man would doubt if he were 
 compelled to change places and bear the 
 burdens of the average woman for one year. 
 If men were in bondage to the ever-changing 
 dictates of fashion, compelled to wear their 
 hats, veils, false hair, boned collars, corsets, 
 hobble skirts, and high-heeled shoes ; deprived 
 of his numerous pockets^and compelled to carry 
 all his indispensable articles about in a mesh- 
 bag, to say nothing of the physical burdens 
 from which their liege lord is exempt, most 
 of us would be drivelling idiots. It is need- 
 less to say that women choose to be slaves 
 of fashion. The prosperity of the world 
 depends upon these conditions. If women 
 were to adopt a sensible, comfortable, and 
 uniform style of dress, as men, it would throw 
 211
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 millions out of employment and be more dis- 
 astrous to the prosperity of the business world 
 than even the present war. 
 
 From the cradle to the grave men are depen- 
 dent upon the " weaker sex," and it is only 
 just that woman should have a voice in the 
 management of her country's affairs. The 
 sooner she is granted the suffrage, the better 
 for all the world. Life between men and 
 women should be a partnership, and no part- 
 nership would stand where both parties did 
 not have a voice in its management. The 
 feminine mentality is more intuitive, penetrat- 
 ing, and exact, and her insight more acute, 
 her intervention carries more love and gentle- 
 ness ; and it is just this leaven which is so 
 much needed in this man-governed, misruled 
 world. 
 
 The two greatest evils in the world are War 
 and Intemperance ; and if on no other subject 
 of national life women were allowed to vote, 
 they should most decidedly be given a vote on 
 these affairs. Not only are they evil to the 
 world at large, but they are the greatest 
 contending factors against the happiness of 
 woman. 
 
 There is little need to indicate the evils of 
 intemperance. They are universally familiar 
 212
 
 Needed Reforms 
 
 in town and village. In big towns, particu- 
 larly in industrial centres, we see saloons at 
 almost every corner. There, during the even- 
 ing, the working man spends his earnings that 
 should be used for the comfort and education 
 of his family. Often his wife and children 
 are in actual want owing to his improvidence, 
 born of the saloons, and his unconquerable 
 desire for drink. 
 
 If women were given the vote, how quickly 
 these conditions would change, as, indeed, they 
 have already changed in certain States of 
 America where the franchise has been extended 
 to them. It is to them that the evil comes 
 home. It is they who suffer. It is they 
 who feel the need of the money thus mis- 
 spent, and no power is granted them to 
 combat it. 
 
 With war, it is the same. They are partners 
 in the anguish and the long-drawn endurance ; 
 but they are silent partners ; with no vote to 
 record, no means of remedying their troubles. 
 
 The man may go to the front and be killed 
 by the enemy's bullet, but it will also pierce 
 the hearts of the women left at home. The 
 man's suffering is soon over, theirs may last 
 for many years. As the Countess of Warwick 
 so beautifully puts it : 
 213
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 The bullet that finds one's heart and mercifully stills its 
 beating may set another aching until time and death together 
 take a long-deferred compassion. Man forgets because of 
 glory, woman remembers because of love. 
 
 There are many men who are benefited by 
 war and intemperance men of great power and 
 influence, and it is to their interest that these 
 evils are not abolished. Their profits come 
 from the sale of war implements, from furnish- 
 ing the Army with supplies or financing the 
 nation, in the one case ; or from the sale of 
 intoxicants in the other. These immense profits 
 are used freely in debauching the nation, in 
 the purchase of politicians and in the furnish- 
 ing of sums of money to carry the elections 
 of prospective candidates. The same men own 
 subsidized newspapers for moulding public 
 opinion, and fasten upon the public the evils 
 from which they draw their wealth. 
 
 The prevention of these things would doubt- 
 less be achieved if woman were granted the 
 franchise. As the greatest sufferers theirs 
 should be the right to say whether they are 
 willing to have their husbands, fathers, and 
 sons broken in battle. Theirs should be the 
 right to say whether they are willing to tread 
 the Road to Goodness Knows Where. Fortu- 
 nately the movement in that direction is gaining 
 214
 
 Needed Reforms 
 
 daily momentum, and, after the splendid and 
 heroic work done by the Suffragettes and 
 Suffragists in England during the present crisis, 
 there can be little doubt that its final and uni- 
 versal adoption is inevitable. 
 
 215
 
 Christianity and War 
 
 RING out the slowly dying cause 
 And ancient forms of party strife, 
 Ring in the nobler modes of life, 
 The sweeter manners, purer laws. 
 
 Ring in the valiant man and free, 
 The larger heart, the kindlier hand, 
 Ring out the darkness of the land, 
 Ring in the Christ that is to be. 
 
 IN considering the question of war in the 
 previous chapters of this book, the author has 
 purposely left untouched the religious aspect 
 of it : the relation of international murder to 
 the creed of Christ, preferring to devote one 
 chapter solely to this theme. 
 
 The consideration of the two conflicting 
 issues is of the utmost importance if civilized 
 nations regard themselves as Christians in 
 something more than name. It has been said 
 of late that this war proves Christianity to be 
 a failure. By no means has this been proven, 
 216
 
 Christianity and War 
 
 for the simple reason that it has not yet been 
 put to the test as a means of settling inter- 
 national disputes, and until a system has 
 been fairly tried, it cannot be pronounced a 
 failure. If it were tried its success would 
 be such as to astound the world, and men 
 would look upon their past brutalities as 
 incredible . 
 
 There is, of course, a great difference be- 
 tween the man who regularly attends church 
 from a sense of duty, because his father and 
 mother did, or because he thinks it respectable, 
 and the man who is a real Christian ( Christ - 
 man) : the man who really and truly believes 
 that the great prophet of Galilee understood 
 the laws of life, the thoughts of men, and their 
 effect upon their deeds. The brilliancy and 
 gentleness of Christ's teaching is such as to 
 blind people ; and, after the first glimpse, they 
 rush back to the darkness of mortal ways (the 
 so-called human and practical way), and there 
 attempt vainly to solve life's problems. Soon, 
 however, they tire of the gloom and chaos, 
 and come back into the light, determined to 
 try to live more nearly according to the Christ - 
 plan. So the world bobs back and forth- 
 great waves of religious revival now and 
 then ; wonderful outbursts of sympathy in 
 217
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 some national or international disaster ; then, 
 forgetting all the lessons that these events have 
 taught them, back they go again to fight and 
 rend one another as in the Stone Age. 
 
 Now has Christ's saying, Blessed are the 
 merciful: for they shall obtain mercy, any 
 meaning or not? Is it true or false? If true, 
 one would think that there was not a single 
 soldier in the German Army who desired 
 mercy. If true, why try any other form of 
 persuasion? Why not stick to the path of 
 mercy? You cannot reach success by follow- 
 ing paths that do not lead there. 
 
 Did Christ really understand what He was 
 saying when He uttered that sentence, Blessed 
 are the peacemakers: for they shall be called 
 the children of God? After what we have 
 seen in the last few months of the world's 
 history, we are perhaps justified in feeling that 
 what He said was not true ; or, if it is true, 
 then there are several million people in the 
 world who object to being called " children 
 of God." Yet these same people call them- 
 selves Christians. 
 
 The way of peace is not difficult. It asks 
 nothing : it gives everything. You cannot, 
 however, serve God and mammon. You can- 
 not be a peacemaker and believe in evil, in 
 218
 
 Christianity and War 
 
 the efficacy of the spy system, and in war. 
 There is a wide difference between saying that 
 God is with you, and really being with God 
 without saying anything about it. Without 
 doubt Christ understood the practical appli- 
 cation of everything He said, and the text given 
 above is the correct formula for all of us to 
 follow. The path of peace, if followed to the 
 end, will bring universal happiness and tran- 
 quillity not the tranquillity for which the world 
 now sighs namely, a cessation of hostilities 
 because men are exhausted with the business 
 of hacking and slaying but a permanent reign 
 of love and goodwill. 
 
 The more noble, the more broad-minded a 
 man is, the nearer he is to God and the more 
 plain in his path. The more brutish he is, 
 the more he looks down to earth, the less clear 
 is his way. Like so many Bible sayings, this 
 is true not only in the spiritual sense, but also 
 in the worldly sense. Certainly, Germany and 
 Austria have not seen their way clear for the 
 last few months. First they were going to 
 Paris ; then to Warsaw ; then to Calais ; and 
 as yet they have arrived nowhere. The Kaiser 
 has proclaimed loudly that God is with him, 
 but up to the present this has not been demon- 
 strated. Indeed, it looks as though he had 
 219
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 been bereft of common sense. If the parable 
 of the good seed is indeed a reality and we 
 know that in the material realm it is true 
 then what plant will spring up in the future 
 from the seed which the Teuton is now sowing ? 
 Only one of two ideas of the creation of the 
 world can be true. Either the world was popu- 
 lated from one pair, in which case every man 
 is a relation of that one pair whom we call 
 Adam and Eve ; or we were created en bloc 
 at the will of the Supreme Being, in which case 
 God is the father of us all, and we are repeat- 
 ing the crime of Cain against Abel by killing 
 our own brothers. This was what Christ meant 
 when he called God His father and your father. 
 Every death, therefore, caused by this war is 
 a crime on the part of Germany in a word, 
 fratricide. 
 
 Who would wish to lead his people up the 
 so-called steeps of glory when every step must 
 be taken over the dead body of a brother? 
 Or who would wish to build an earthly temple 
 of power, the cement of which is compounded 
 of the blood of his fellow-man? No lasting 
 victory was ever won by the employment of 
 wrong methods, no matter how great the 
 material gain may seem to be at the moment ; 
 nor is there any possession worth having if 
 220
 
 Christianity and War 
 
 you are forced to give up your ideas of right 
 in order to obtain it. 
 
 No teacher ever lived who made such an 
 impression on the human heart as Christ. Yet 
 He had no material possessions, nor did He 
 desire any, and He never permitted Himself 
 to be saved by force. When one of His 
 followers smote off the ear of one who came 
 to take Him, did He not rebuke him and heal 
 the wounded man? Had He permitted the 
 use of force by His disciples, He would have 
 been merely a rebel against the existing 
 Government, and His spiritual empire would 
 never have been founded. Yet for years 
 dogmas and creeds and misconceptions, forms 
 and ceremonies, have so obscured the Master's 
 teachings as to lead to actual quarrelling and 
 wrong-doing among those who would follow 
 Him. 
 
 The Sermon on the Mount will yet have 
 its day of universal acceptance, and will be 
 understood by the so-called Christian nations. 
 Then there will be no more war. Christ, 
 whether divine or human, absolutely under- 
 stood the laws of nature and their inevitable 
 results, and His way is the only way. Think 
 how fair a place this world might be if only 
 this belief were universal : no more standing 
 221
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 armies, no more Dreadnoughts ; but a world 
 united as one family, class, race, and creed all 
 sunk in one common brotherhood. Then all 
 international differences would be settled in 
 court ; all men would be willing to suffer in- 
 justice for the right if there were no legal 
 means of avoiding it, knowing that the span 
 of our existence is only as the twinkling of a 
 star in the ways of eternity, that we pass this 
 way but once, and that all our daily deeds are 
 either steps forward to hope and love, or back- 
 ward steps which we must, here or hereafter, 
 retrace, often in sorrow and anguish. Then, 
 all men would understand that every act is 
 either lifting the world to the Christ standard 
 or hindering its progress ; that we cannot live 
 and be neutral towards the sufferings and 
 struggles of others, that we are either a power 
 for good or a power for evil. How impor- 
 tant it is, therefore, to choose ye this day 
 whom ye will serve. 
 
 222
 
 Is this Mutiny ? 
 
 ONE of the most treasured of the many 
 beautiful sayings of Christ is to be found in 
 the Sermon on the Mount : Blessed are the 
 pure in heart: for they shall see God. Let us 
 see how the observance of this precept might 
 work out in practice. 
 
 We will suppose that, in this war, there is, 
 with the German Army, a certain chaplain ; 
 and that, after some days on the battlefield, 
 where he had seen men mown down like grass 
 and had looked upon great stacks of the flower 
 of the nation, with headless bodies and bodiless 
 heads, staring eyes and hands that clutched 
 at nothing, and had heard the appalling cries 
 of the stricken and the dying, he falls, one 
 night into a sleep of exhaustion, a troubled 
 sleep of dreams. In his dream he sees his 
 Master, standing with arms extended over the 
 battlefield . He hears Him say : Blessed are 
 the pure in heart: for they shall see God. And 
 he answers : " Father, I strive to be pure in 
 heart. Show me my duty." 
 223
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 Then he hears his Master say : " Tell my 
 people to cease slaying their brothers ; it is 
 evil. Tell them to look up, not down." 
 
 The chaplain awakes with a start. He leaves 
 his tent in the early morning just as the sun 
 is kissing the earth. Everywhere he sees the 
 same carnage, and the light of the burning 
 buildings almost rivals that of the sun. The 
 air is rent with the shock of bursting shell. 
 Near by men are digging trenches for the 
 dead, while line after line of stretcher-bearers 
 bring the wounded to the field -hospital. 
 
 So vivid was his dream that, even though 
 he is now awake, he still sees the Christ walk- 
 ing over the fields and looking, with eyes 
 filled with sorrow, upon the dead. He is 
 inspired ; he feels a fire in his soul that he 
 has never known before. It burns within 
 him ; and for days he is obsessed with the 
 idea of the horrors of war and the call of 
 peace. The following Sunday there is a lull 
 in the battle, and thousands of the soldiers 
 crowd into a natural amphitheatre to hear their 
 favourite chaplain. As he rises to address 
 them he sees in the distance beyond the Christ 
 of his dream, with the same sorrowing face, 
 and he hears Him say : "I gave the world 
 My truth, and the world gave Me a crown 
 224
 
 Is this Mutiny ? 
 
 of thorns and the Cross. Be brave. Give 
 the people My message." 
 
 He forgets that he is chaplain of an army, 
 and he tells the assembled multitude of his 
 vision. Never has man spoken as he speaks. 
 The fire of truth is in his voice and its light 
 is in his eyes. The officers note the detri- 
 mental effect of this address on their men, 
 and try to reach him and restrain him ; but 
 what he has already said has so impressed 
 the soldiers that they hold back the officers 
 and allow him to finish. They see the truth 
 of what he has told them : they see things 
 as they are. What have they against these 
 other men whom they are fighting? Nothing. 
 The truth of this Christ sermon has broken 
 the mesmerism ; and when the bugle blows 
 for battle they refuse to fight ; they refuse 
 to take their rifles . Christ has them ; they 
 are His. All earthly ties to nation and 
 Emperor are broken. 
 
 Were these men who so grasped the truth 
 of Christ given to them that day by the 
 inspired chaplain guilty of mutiny? Was the 
 chaplain guilty of sedition ? Was their action, 
 in refusing to go to battle, an offence punish- 
 able by death? 
 
 If so, it may be extremely dangerous, 
 225 p.
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 Emperor William, on future occasions, to 
 have chaplains in your army and God for your 
 ally. It may cost you your crown. This 
 example is not in any way overdrawn. Holy 
 men in all ages have been inspired, have 
 swayed multitudes and changed the beliefs of 
 the world ; and what they have done once 
 they may do again. 
 
 Our thoughts turn to Bethlehem, and, 
 though this is only an allegory, we hear Christ 
 saying : Not one jot or tittle of My words 
 shall pass away until all is fulfilled (filled 
 full). And when all the world is filled full 
 of His teaching there can be no more war, 
 no more mesmerism. All these things will 
 have passed away, and men will have learned 
 the deeper meaning of that message of love 
 that came to the lonely shepherds : Peace on 
 earth, goodwill to men. 
 
 Then earth shall know that peace is best, 
 And birds shall build in cannons' breast; 
 With anthems glad all earth shall ring, 
 For love shall reign and love be king. 
 
 226
 
 A Christmas Card 
 
 IT is Christmas morning in Russian Poland. 
 It is the time when, in childhood's days, the 
 house was rilled with joy and the laughter 
 of children ; the little ones delighted with their 
 gifts, the parents reflecting their delight. A 
 day of cheer and happiness and goodwill 
 towards men. We were a Christian people. 
 We were celebrating the birth of that wondrous 
 child who came to Bethlehem so long ago 
 to redeem mankind, to teach us that force 
 was not power, that we were the sons of God 
 all of one family united in this and the 
 future life. 
 
 And this supreme gift to men, the message 
 of this unspeakable joy that shall come to 
 earth when we find that we are really all 
 children of the King and that love is the only 
 power : this fills our hearts, and we send 
 greetings of good tidings to our friends and 
 to the poor and afflicted. On this day we 
 live again through the great joy that came to 
 227
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 the lonely shepherds when the heavens were 
 radiant with light and the angels heralded the 
 coming of Him who was to change the world 
 by the triumph of righteousness (rightness). 
 Such is Christmas, with all its ties, remem- 
 brances, and inspirations. . . . 
 
 It is Christmas in Russian Poland, near the 
 frontier of that wonderful nation so linked with 
 God Germany. The German people are all 
 followers of that good man, for Christmas is 
 the same everywhere, and, for one day, all 
 the world is united by the force of that one 
 life lived two thousand years ago. 
 
 The sun rises in Russian Poland. Its rays 
 are tinting with gold the enormous banks of 
 fleecy cloud, and they, in their turn, are re- 
 flecting their variable colours on the glistening 
 snow. It is a picture of wondrous peace. In 
 the distance are numerous snow-clad villages, 
 slumbering in quietude. No life is anywhere 
 to be seen. But from the distance one hears, 
 faintly, the call of a bugle, sounded, perchance, 
 by some one celebrating the dawn of this 
 sacred day. Then, suddenly, blinding flashes 
 of light leap from trenches hidden by banks 
 of snow. The earth sways and cracks. The 
 very ground trembles. The air is filled with 
 the screech of shells that almost paralyse 
 228
 
 A Christmas Card 
 
 the ear-drums. Then, from seeming rabbit- 
 burrows, leap thousands of men, charging with 
 fixed bayonets. 
 
 They charge up the hill where we are 
 standing . 
 
 " Lie down, you damned fool ! " cries some 
 one, and we obey. 
 
 Shot and shell whistle about us. The guns 
 roar, and, from the rear, are heard the groans 
 of human voices. The shrapnel that flies 
 above us seems to scream for human blood. 
 We lift our heads and observe the approach- 
 ing horde. An officer leads. He has been 
 decapitated. Yet, headless, he seems to run 
 for another ten yards before he drops. We 
 try to turn away, but cannot. Some para- 
 lysing force, the attraction of repulsion, holds 
 us firmly rooted. Behind us the big guns are 
 playing on the charging 1 mass, and the first 
 two ranks are mown down. Their places are 
 soon filled, the line re-formed, and the charge 
 continues over the writhing bodies of the 
 fallen. Again the leaders are mown down, 
 arid again the ranks are refilled. A shell 
 bursts near us, ploughing up the snow and 
 burying us in a bank of sand and earth, from 
 which, dazed and choking, we wriggle out. 
 It is Christmas Day in Russian Poland, by 
 229
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 the frontiers of the great Christian Empire- 
 Germany. 
 
 We see masses of stricken bodies writhing 
 and twisting in agony as the onrushing force 
 tramples over them. A man falls near us. 
 'His arm is snapped from his body as a frozen 
 branch of a tree may snap from its support. 
 He looks stupidly at the stump, and falls 
 dazed. Then another falls by his side, with 
 the top of his head blown off. He stares 
 up at us with fixed eyes. We gaze at him 
 in horror. Can he be alive, and does he see 
 us? ... 
 
 Near him is another, reeling with a broken 
 leg. He falls to the ground, drags a revolver 
 from his belt and ends his sufferings another 
 German wife or mother is alone in the world. 
 
 On rushes the horde, over the dead and 
 dying bodies that now must number thousands . 
 The Russian gunners clean out line after line, 
 and no advance is made. Then up springs 
 the Russian infantry in a counter-charge, 
 sweeping the enemy back mile after mile. 
 
 Slowly the long, harassing hours pass, and 
 at last the Red Cross bearers come to attend 
 the wounded. But what can these few 
 hundreds do for the thousands and thousands 
 that lie before them ? The masses of suffer- 
 230
 
 A Christmas Card 
 
 ing human flesh writhe and writhe as the 
 injured try to extricate themselves from the 
 avalanche of dead. 
 
 It is now night. The snow is softly falling 
 and the moon looks down upon the ghastly 
 carnage. The spasmodic movements grow 
 weaker and weaker. It is ten degrees below 
 zero. Those who were alive when they fell 
 are now frozen and still. A shroud of white 
 covers them, and the moon sheds her lambent 
 light, beautifying this human shambles and 
 veiling from the eyes of night this awful hell. 
 Stress and struggle are finished : all is peace . 
 
 Shocked and exhausted, we return to the 
 tent prepared for the correspondents, unable 
 to make even an attempt at describing what 
 we have seen. We are no longer men, but 
 helpless children, and soon we break into sobs 
 and tears, till at last tired nature asserts itself 
 and we sleep. 
 
 It was Christmas Day in Russian Poland, 
 near the frontiers of that Christian Empire- 
 Germany. What has the day cost? Twenty 
 thousand killed ; twenty thousand wounded . 
 Ten thousand widows ; twenty thousand 
 orphans. Twenty thousand mothers and 
 fathers who will never again see their sons . 
 Three hundred and fifty thousand years of life, 
 231
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 representing the allotted span of the dead, 
 are gone in one day. 
 
 This was the Kaiser's Christmas -card to the 
 world for the Christmas of the year of our 
 Lord 1914. 
 
 232
 
 The Pen v. the Sword 
 
 FIVE years ago Mexico overthrew the only 
 stable government that had existed for 
 nearly three hundred years prior to the wise 
 government directed by General Diaz. In 
 those five years there has been war after war 
 conducted by men who no doubt desired to 
 accomplish good, but failed, and now the con- 
 ditions are worse than they have ever been, 
 and peace seems to be a long way off. Up 
 to the present they have had five Presidents, 
 and at the time of writing they have two, 
 with General Villa as practical dictator over 
 Northern Mexico. The loss of life has been 
 appalling, and the loss of values has exceeded 
 two billion dollars. The Mexican dollar, worth 
 fifty cents gold, is now worth about six cents, 
 and ruin is everywhere following in the wake 
 of that revolution which, it was claimed, would 
 bring prosperity and better conditions for the 
 individual. Under General Diaz the country 
 was progressing as few nations have progressed 
 233
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 in thirty years . Its credit in the money markets 
 of the world was nearly as good as that of 
 Germany, and it could sell its government 
 bonds on much the same interest basis. 
 Mines were developed ; railroads were built 
 traversing the whole of the Republic ; large 
 factories arose at all railroad centres, and the 
 City of Mexico, noted for its splendid climate, 
 was rapidly becoming one of the most beautiful 
 cities of the world. Ten years more of the 
 Diaz Government, or of one equally strong 
 and wise, and Mexico City would have rivalled 
 the capital of any country in the Old or New 
 World. The value of labour was advancing 
 year by year, and education was reaching the 
 peon. Then came the revolution that was to 
 divide up the land of the rich and give every 
 poor man his own farm. The result has been 
 in the opposite direction. The poor man who, 
 before, was always able to sell his labour, now 
 finds the utmost difficulty in getting employ- 
 ment, and starvation is facing thousands. His 
 wage to-day is only worth 10 per cent, of what 
 he formerly received. Great investments have 
 been ruined, and confidence in Mexican enter- 
 prises and finance has been completely 
 destroyed, and many years must pass before 
 Mexico can retrieve her former prosperity. 
 234
 
 The Pen v. the Sword 
 
 The United States Government has been 
 urged by many of the great capitalists, and 
 also by many disinterested persons who desire 
 to see this chaos and carnage arrested, to inter- 
 vene. But the United States is not a Govern- 
 ment that has any ambitions towards extending 
 its borders, and it has refused definitely to 
 take any hand in the melee. When, at the 
 outset, it seemed possible that the Government 
 might intervene, word was sent to Washington 
 from Mexico that in the event of any such 
 move all differences between the contending 
 factions would be dropped and they would unite 
 and offer a determined resistance. 
 
 Let us consider what this intervention would 
 have implied. In the first place, it would 
 have meant an army of at least one hundred 
 thousand men and a cost of at least five 
 hundred thousand dollars per day, or fifteen 
 million dollars per month. Now suppose 
 Mexico were conquered in six months, at least 
 ninety million dollars would have been spent. 
 What would the United States have to show 
 for this expenditure ? What would the Mexican 
 have lost? 
 
 First, the United States would have added 
 to its population sixteen million people. Of 
 these about twelve million would be unedu- 
 235
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 cated, and the Government would have to take 
 over their education, as it did in Porto Rico 
 and the Philippines. Mexico would therefore 
 gain to that extent. Land which, under the 
 presidency of General Diaz, was saleable for 
 good values, and which is now unsaleable, 
 would, hi a few years, regain its former values 
 and probably increase . The value of the dollar 
 would soon return to par, so if, in Mexico, 
 there are, say, two million people at work, 
 receiving one dollar (Mexican) per day, worth 
 six cents gold, per dollar, this advance from 
 six cents to fifty cents would mean an increase 
 of nearly nine hundred thousand dollars per 
 day to the wage earners, or three hundred 
 million dollars per year. Bank and industrial 
 stock, railroad bonds and shares, whose values 
 have shrunken in five years to the extent of 
 more than one billion dollars, would increase 
 in value and no doubt reach greater values 
 than ever before, and, in every way, the gain 
 to Mexico would be so great as to make any 
 estimate a matter of difficulty. 
 
 Now what would Mexico or the Mexican 
 lose ? In the first place, every man would own 
 just the same tracts of land that he now owns, 
 and it would be saleable. He would own the 
 same stocks, the same factories, and the same 
 236
 
 The Pen v. the Sword 
 
 banks. Not even a game-cock would be lost. 
 The public buildings would become United 
 States property, but they could not be moved ; 
 they would remain to serve the same people 
 in the same way as they do now. No individual 
 Mexican would be a cent poorer, since the 
 buildings are the property of the Government, 
 and the mere fact that the Stars and Stripes 
 would fly from their flagstaff's in place of 
 the Mexican flag would not adversely affect 
 any one. 
 
 Now what would America gain ? It would 
 have a difficult problem to solve, at a very 
 great expense, but it would solve it. It would 
 never receive one cent in taxes out of this 
 Mexicanized section of the States above what 
 it would have to spend. Then it would need 
 a larger navy and a larger army, unless some 
 plan of Universal Peace were established, and 
 this further outlay would not be borne by 
 Mexican territory, but by the United States 
 in general. With the advent of the increased 
 prosperity which good government would 
 hasten, the cities would grow to such an extent 
 that the existing public buildings would have 
 to be extended, at further expense ; and 
 American manufacturers would be able to sell 
 no more in this section than they could now, 
 23?
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 if peace and wise counsels prevailed. The 
 country would be open to the trade of all 
 nations English, French, German, and 
 Spanish, the same as now and the only 
 possible gain to the United States would be 
 the moral satisfaction of having given order 
 and prosperity to a disorderly neighbour, and 
 of having safeguarded the interests of foreign 
 investors and helped in bringing peace to a 
 turbulent corner of the world. No American 
 would be a dollar the richer ; rather, he would 
 have to stand a slight increase in taxation, 
 and the final results would be that the inter- 
 vention had benefited the Mexican about a 
 thousand times more than it had benefited the 
 American. Yet, in face of all this, Mexico 
 declares that all contending parties will close 
 up their ranks and fight to the last man and the 
 last drop of blood to keep America from cross- 
 ing its borders. 
 
 Now let us consider how mesmerism works 
 to blind the people of a nation and induce 
 them to refuse such blessings. It is strange 
 how a few stereotyped phrases, shibboleths that 
 mean nothing, can mesmerise the people of 
 a nation. If paradise be all that it is pictured 
 in song and allegory ; if hell be as terrible as 
 Dante describes it ; and if the devils were to 
 238
 
 The Pen v. the Sword 
 
 hear that hell was about to be annexed by 
 heaven, and all its fires quenched and its 
 tortures abolished, it is certain that some 
 eight or ten devils would gather together to 
 shout "Hell for the devils! We will fight 
 annexation to the last drop of blood ! " {if 
 there is any blood in a devil). Whereupon 
 the whole tribe of the damned would take up 
 the yell of " Hell for the devils ! " mesmerise 
 themselves with the idea, and fight against their 
 own salvation. There is just as much sense 
 in this attitude as in the attitude of Mexico 
 with its slogan of " Mexico for the Mexicans 1 " 
 If the United States were willing to take in 
 Mexico and make it a part of the most pro- 
 gressive nation of the world, Mexico could 
 legitimately have no other emotion than pride. 
 Her people have gone by their thousands 
 across the border into the States perhaps only 
 a few miles distant from their native place and 
 have remained there, happy and prosperous, as 
 the whole nation would be under United States 
 control. And when Guatemala and the other 
 turbulent lands south of Mexico saw the bless- 
 ings that had come to Mexico in a few years, 
 they and all the Central American Republics 
 would doubtless ask them to absorb them also, 
 though even then a few fools would be found 
 239
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 to go around yelling < Guatemala for the 
 Guatemalans ! " 
 
 If Mexico were to agree to come peacefully 
 under the Stars and Stripes it would be, for 
 her, the greatest Christmas-tree that she could 
 wish. From this tree there could be taken 
 presents for every man, woman, and child in 
 the shape of increased education, increased 
 wages, increased value of lands, forests, mines, 
 banks, and industrial stocks, and without any 
 burden to bear or any losses to suffer. 
 The burden would fall upon the donor of these 
 gifts, and it is clear that if such an offer were 
 not excepted there would be no use in fighting 
 and forcing it upon the unwilling recipient at 
 the point of the sword. 
 
 But now, when all the world is plunged 
 in chaos, there is an opportunity for the 
 Government at Washington to attempt to prove 
 that there exists a way of instilling peace other 
 than by the sword, and that the pen really 
 is mightier than this weapon. The different 
 factions in Mexico must now be tired of these 
 years of internecine strife, and almost certainly 
 desire peace. Why, then, should not the 
 United States, in all friendliness, make them 
 an offer somewhat on the following lines, and 
 let them accept or reject it, as they please : 
 240
 
 The Pen v. the Sword 
 
 To THE PEOPLE OF MEXICO 
 
 The United States Government does not desire war. 
 It has no wish to enter Mexican territory by force and to 
 settle its differences by the use of arms. But it is the earnest 
 desire of this Government to see peace established and to 
 see Mexico return to the prosperity to which its resources 
 and territory entitle it. 
 
 The United States, by the consent of the people of Mexico, 
 is willing to establish there a self-governing protectorate, 
 under its control, on the following plan : 
 
 1. A General Election to be called, under the supervision 
 
 of the United States, for the election of State Legis- 
 lators. This shall be the only vote cast by the people. 
 When Legislators are elected each State Legislator 
 shall appoint a Governor of each State, and also 
 appoint the Members of Congress and Senate. 
 
 2. The United States shall appoint the Governor-General 
 
 who shall have the same powers as now exercised 
 by the President of the Republic. He shall appoint 
 his Cabinet, one-half to be Mexican and one-half 
 to be citizens of the United States. 
 
 3. The new Government, under the direction of the United 
 
 States Army officers, shall reorganize the army for 
 policing the Protectorate. 
 
 4. Schools shall be established in all parts of Mexico, 
 
 under the direction of a School Board, composed of 
 Mexicans and Americans, and instruction in the 
 English language shall be made compulsory. 
 
 5. A comprehensive financial scheme will be devised in the 
 
 same way by co-operation of Mexican and American 
 men of affairs, and a branch of the National Reserve 
 Bank shall be established in Mexico City. 
 
 2.41 Q
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 6. Plans will be made for irrigating all sections of the 
 
 Protectorate where natural conditions favour such 
 work. Sewerage systems will be introduced to all 
 important cities, and everything that is possible will 
 be done to develop the resources of Mexico. 
 
 7. This Protectorate shall last for twenty years, after which 
 
 time, at any General Election, if the people of Mexico 
 so desire, and a majority vote be taken on the propo- 
 sition, showing that it is the will of the people that 
 the Protectorate shall end, the United States Govern- 
 ment will withdraw and relinquish the Government 
 of Mexico to the hands of its people, as was done 
 in Cuba. 
 
 This is the outline of an experiment which 
 might, without harm to any one, be made. 
 And it is worth making. For, if the proposal 
 were accepted, and the plan worked as suc- 
 cessfully as it should do, then there is no doubt 
 that all Central America would be more than 
 willing to come in, and all territory down to 
 the Panama Canal would find peace and pros- 
 perity under the Stars and Stripes. 
 
 If some such offer cannot be made to these 
 people who need instruction in good govern- 
 ment, then if other nations are willing to 
 undertaken the burden, the way should be made 
 clear for them and the Monroe Doctrine should 
 be forgotten. The people of Mexico deserve 
 to be saved from the chaos that now reigns 
 242
 
 The Pen v. the Sword 
 
 there. The author has visited Mexico many 
 times and understands the wonderful possi- 
 bilities of the country and its people, and it 
 is his only desire to see them blessed with years 
 of peace so that they may reap the reward 
 that would inevitably come from an extended 
 era of good Government. Then its rich 
 mountains, its forests of valuable timbers, its 
 great oil fields and coal lands, its wonderful 
 soil and cattle ranges, would all contribute 
 to make the Mexican one of the most pros- 
 perous citizens in the world. Everything is 
 there, saving only good government, without 
 which it is impossible to transfer these 
 resources into the gold and silver of com- 
 merce and blessings to all Mexico and the 
 world in general. 
 
 245
 
 Conclusion 
 
 ONE of the chief sources of unrest and 
 unhappiness in this world is that we are all 
 more or less constrained to look on the dark 
 side, to see the grey pavements rather than 
 the blue skies. We look to the fading, finite 
 things of earth for our pleasures rather than 
 to the finer things of the spirit. We are so 
 afraid that we shall not be happy that we spend 
 ourselves in an unceasing pursuit of a phantom 
 joy when the substance of content is right at 
 our hand, and we are consumed with anxiety 
 lest some competitor shall pass us on the road 
 to success . Even when we achieve that worldly 
 success our troubles are not ended, for then 
 we fear that it may be taken from us, and we 
 hire detectives to accompany us and protect 
 our lives and our great possessions. The joy 
 of possession hardly seems fit recompense for 
 this lasting fear, and, though the pursuit may 
 have given a certain exhilaration, that exhilara- 
 tion dies the moment the struggle ends. Only 
 244
 
 Conclusion 
 
 in the pursuit of the things of beauty do we 
 acquire happiness and lasting peace. To lose 
 our honour and our principles is the greatest 
 loss that we can suffer. That is a platitude, 
 perhaps, but, like so many platitudes, it is 'worth 
 repeating since its truth is so frequently for- 
 gotten. No detective can guard these things 
 for us ; no Dreadnought can keep tempta- 
 tion at bay. This is true, not only of men, 
 but of nations, and victories achieved by 
 foul or underhand methods are of little use, 
 practically, and of no use, spiritually, to the 
 victor . 
 
 England, Holland, France, and now the 
 United States, have each pursued the happy 
 path of victory by colonizing distant lands 
 and giving them good government. Perhaps 
 the commercial instinct lay behind these 
 endeavours, but honourable commerce is the 
 greatest of all forces that make for the progress 
 of the world, and increased trade is only a 
 fitting reward to those people who have con- 
 ferred the benefits of peace and success upon 
 others. These benefits are not born of the 
 gun and the sword. They come from brain 
 and heart. No gun is needed to bring sanitary 
 conditions to cities ; no warship is needed in 
 the front yard of a nation, to instruct it in the 
 245
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 building of schoolhouses in the interior of Java. 
 No arsenal belches forth the assurance that a 
 rubber plantation in Borneo is a good commer- 
 cial enterprise, as well as a great factor in the 
 health and happiness of the people. No keg 
 of gunpowder ever inspired the building of 
 telegraph and telephone lines or installed mail 
 services in all parts of a protectorate. Destruc- 
 tion does not build : it is goodwill and intellect 
 that shower these blessings. 
 
 If people do their duty they need never 
 worry about their reward ; that is following 
 right behind and will most certainly arrive. 
 The Biblical exhortation, Cast thy bread upon 
 the waters, and thou shalt find it after many 
 days, may be interpreted as literal truth. The 
 man who helps to lift his fellow inherits a 
 kingdom which none can take from him. 
 There are no boundaries to Justice ; the Empire 
 of Love extends everywhere into every mind, 
 humble or exalted, that will receive it. Charity 
 covers not only the giving of bread and clothes 
 to the needy, and the founding of hospitals 
 for the sick, but also every uplifting thought 
 that man gives to his fellow-men. And 
 perhaps the greatest of all charities is that 
 which confers good government upon weak 
 nations, a charity which the Hague Tribunal, 
 246
 
 Conclusion 
 
 properly authorized, could organize and 
 regulate . 
 
 We cannot make a picture or a sculpture of 
 peace. It is just a principle which we appre- 
 hend without signs or symbols. You cannot 
 hide behind it, but you can live in it. You 
 cannot carry it about with you, but you can 
 disseminate it. And the more freely we give 
 peace, the more we shall receive. We must 
 look up, not down. If we think, first, of the 
 righteousness of our acts, rather than of their 
 material results to our pockets, we shall not 
 lose ; the reward will follow. 
 
 Mercy, justice, and peace will bring any 
 nation far greater profits than force, injustice, 
 and wrong. Chickens, according to the copy- 
 book proverb, have a habit of coming home to 
 roost. Forty years ago Germany secured from 
 France an enormous war indemnity, but, at the 
 conclusion of the present struggle, they will 
 probably have to pay her a greater sum than 
 they received. We may build, if we choose, 
 a structure so beautiful and imposing as to 
 astonish the world ; but, if we have laid our 
 foundations in sand, that structure will soon 
 become an object of ridicule. The German 
 army is, without doubt, the most marvellous 
 military machine that the world has ever seen, 
 247
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 but its foundations are unsound ; it is built on 
 blood-money, and already it is crumbling, and 
 the world is beginning to point critical fingers. 
 
 Germany has held for years that men and 
 nations desire war. That is not true. The 
 natural desires of man are for peace and 
 harmony. The average man would never strike 
 a blow except in self-defence or in defence 
 of the weak. As indigestion often produces 
 quarrelsome moods, so any desire for war 
 comes from national dyspepsia, and can only 
 be cured by large doses of right thinking and 
 by the observance of precept and example. 
 As mentioned in another chapter, the world 
 owes to Norway and Sweden a great debt of 
 gratitude for its example in solving their 
 national problem without recourse to blood- 
 shed. The wisdom of this example is seen 
 every day in every city of the two Scandi- 
 navian countries, where the men who would 
 otherwise have been killed in the surgical 
 operation of separating the two countries, are 
 now alive and actively helping to work out 
 the destinies of their nations. 
 
 These people realized that national duels are 
 
 as foolish as personal duels. Less than a 
 
 hundred years ago every gentleman of rank 
 
 kept his case of duelling pistols, but now these 
 
 248
 
 Conclusion 
 
 instruments are sold only as relics, and duelling 
 is frowned upon by the whole world, except 
 Germany. In that country the duel is still 
 countenanced ; and, in the Army, personal 
 insults are usually settled in this way. In 
 France, the custom is practically obsolete, and, 
 if employed at all, is employed in rather an 
 opera-bouffe fashion. 
 
 If there is any difference between the duels 
 of persons and the duels of nations, it is that 
 the former are much less harmful, though the 
 other conditions remain the same. The 
 diplomats in the latter case are like the 
 seconds in the personal duel. They are not in 
 the firing-line. They arrange the details, 
 and, at the finish, summon the doctor. The 
 courage, the suffering, the bloodshed are 
 reserved for others. 
 
 It is the hope of all thinking people that they 
 will live to see the day when monuments are 
 erected to celebrate the age of Peace, and, 
 at the base of these monuments, the guns of 
 the world, with muzzles pointed downwards. 
 Then the sword will be transformed into the 
 ploughshare, and the lead, iron, and copper now 
 used for war implements will be fashioned into 
 articles of commerce for the peaceful conquest 
 of the earth. Then men will be brothers, and 
 249
 
 To All the World (except Germany) 
 
 the mesmerists of war will have lost their 
 power over the human mind. 
 
 It is the urgent hope of the author that each 
 one of his readers will assist to his utmost in 
 adding to the ranks of that army of peace 
 whose reVeill is now sounding, and in hasten- 
 ing the dawn of that long-prophesied, long- 
 desired day when the lion will lie down with 
 the lamb and there will be an end to war 
 and of so-called " armed peace " ; when the 
 Temple of Peace at The Hague will be the 
 home of international friendship, the haven of 
 the dove, where the fires of peace will consume 
 all differences arising from mixtures of races 
 and creeds. 
 
 Men of the world you have the power to 
 influence the vote of those who govern you. 
 
 Women of the world mothers of the 
 warriors who serve the whims of kings and 
 diplomats rulers of the home and the fireside 
 it is your privilege and sacred duty to lead 
 your children into the paths of peace and good- 
 will to all men. You, who are left by the lone 
 fireside you, from whom war has taken your 
 husbands and sons, have the power to point 
 the way, and to teach everywhere the gospel 
 of the brotherhood of man. You, who rock 
 the cradle, can help more than any others 
 250
 
 Conclusion 
 
 in the education of youth towards the way 
 of peace, in this reorganization of the world, 
 and so save generations to come from the chaos 
 of the past and from the sufferings which you 
 yourselves have endured.
 
 Ube Orcsbam presa 
 
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