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LIBRARY
OK THF.
University of California.
'■■: ROSS oOHM
Received "^Sg .
Accession No.^^^^oy^Class No.'^S //.
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Digitized by the Internet Arciiive
in 2008 with funding from
IVIicrosoft Corporation
http://www.archive.org/details/demoorationofsthOOdemorich
THE
ORATION
OF
DEMOSTHENES
ON
THE CROWN.
WITH NOTES,
By J. T. CHAMPLIN,
PROFESSOR OF GREEK AND LATIN U WATERVILLE COLLEGE.
" Cajus non tam vibrarent fulmina ilia, nisi numeris contorta
ferrentur." — Cic. Orator, c. 70.
»KW EDITION, REVISED. ^
BOSTON:
WILLIAM H. DENNET.
1868.
Entered according to Act of Congress, in the rear 1853, by
J. T. Champlin,
ia the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of Massachusetts
PREFACE
TO THE FIRST EDITION
The present edition of " The Crown " owes its existence
to the conviction, that the ripening scholarship of our land
calls for a new attempt to illustrate this great author. It
would have been the choice of the editor, that the work
should have been undertaken by some abler and more ex-
perienced hand ; but as no such hand was put to it, he
has, after much hesitation, ventured to attempt it himself
The points upon which most attention has been bestowed,
and in which the merits of the edition, if it have any, will
be found principally to consist, are the following : —
1. An attempt has been made to furnish in the notes all
necessary historical and archaeological information. The
need of such information is very much felt in reading this
Oration, since it deals largely in the history, laws, and
politics of Athens, and, indeed, of all Greece. Laws are
quoted, measures cited, and historical events alluded to,
which, though familiar to the audience to which they were
addressed, require illustration in order to be understood at
the present time. In such a discussion, too, there are ne-
cessarily many technical terms which need explanation.
All needed aid of this kind, it is hoped, will be found in
the notes. In furnishing information of this nature, I have
derived great assistance, as will be seen by the references.
iy PREFACE.
from Hermann's Manual of the Political Antiquities of
Greece ; a book full of the profoundest learning, presented
in the clearest and most compressed form. I have also
made free use of Thirlwall's History of Greece, an at-
tentive perusal of which, but more particularly of Chapters
XLI. -XLVIL, I would recommend to all who read this
Oration.
2. A good deal of attention has been bestowed upon the
explanation of words, sentences, and grammatical construc-
tions. Demosthenes is an unusually difficult author to trans-
late ; and hence an editor, who would adapt his labors to the
attainments of students in our academic courses, has much
to do in the way of removing difficulties of this kind. It
has been with this end in view, that so many words, sen-
tences, and, in a few instances, even long passages, have
been translated. It has not been intended, however, to
translate any word or sentence, the meaning of which it
might be supposed to be -within the power of our ordinary
students fully to comprehend by a reasonable amount of
study ; except, perhaps, in a few cases, where the impor-
tance of a word or phrase to the understanding of what
precedes or follows seemed to render it desirable to pre-
vent all possibility of mistaking its meaning, by translating
it. Generally, too, only those passages have been trans-
lated, which, in order to their full understanding, require,
besides a translation, the introduction of certain explana-
tory words or phrases. In other words, I have translated
but very little barely for the purpose of translation, but
generally with a view to the introduction or addition of cer-
tain explanatoiy remarks. In doing this, however, I cannot
deny that my object has been to make the task of reading
the text easier. From my own experience, both as a stu-
dent and a teacher of this author, I am convinced that there
is need of something being done in this way to encourage
the efforts of the beginner. Ripe scholars, who have an
extensive and accurate knowledge of the Greek language.
PREFACE. V
and who, besides, have at hand the books which are neces-
sary for a thorough original study of Demosthenes, need
nothing but the bare text ; but for mere learners, such as
this book is designed for, I am satisfied that some assistance
in the way of translating difficult words and passages is
needed. This seems necessaiy, in order to prevent them
from resorting to improper helps. Whatever objections,
therefore, there may be, in ordinary cases, to so free a use
of translation as has been made in the present instance, I
hope it will be considered that there are weighty reasons
in its favor, in this particular case, growing out of the
nature of the author commented upon. After all the as-
sistance that has been given in this way, it is believed that
enough of difficulty remains to task the powers and stimu-
late the industry of the student in no ordinary degree. It
should be added here, that the translations given in the
notes have been made with the simple purpose of express-
ing, as clearly as possible, the meaning of the original.
3. Another point upon which no inconsiderable attention
has been bestowed, is the development of the course of
thought pursued by the orator. For this purpose, a very
full and minute analysis has been prefixed to the Notes,
and special pains have been taken to point out in the notes
the meaning of those words and phrases which may be
regarded as the hinges of the thought, to notice the transi-
tions, to show the connection of consecutive ideas, and the
relevancy of what, without explanation, might appear for-
eign to the subject. It has been my object to aid the dili-
gent student in obtaining a clear and vivid conception of
the stirrincr thoug;hts and sentiments contained in this mas-
terpiece of the prince of orators ; and should it be thought
that I have succeeded in this to any good degree, I shall
not feel that I have labored in vain.
In making up the notes, I have made free use of the com-
ments of others, whenever they seemed to my purpose. I
i PREFACE.
hftve designed that they should embody, in a compressed
form, all that is truly valuable which has been contributed
in the way of illustration, by the great editors of Demos-
thenes, such as Reiske, Wolf, Taylor, Schafer, etc., and
thus be a representative of the present state of the inter-
pretation of this author. But on very many passages
of no inconsiderable difficulty, I could find nothing satis-
frctory in any of the commentaries of others at my com-
mand, for the explanation of which, therefore, I have been
obliged to draw upon my own reading and resources ; so
that I flatter myself it will be found that I have contributed
fiomething of my own towards the illustration of the text.
Between what is original, therefore, and what is compiled,
it is hoped that but few passages, which really need illus-
tiation, will be found unexplained ; and that, whatever else
may be said of the notes, it cannot be said of them, as
Cecil said of commentaries on the Scriptures, that " they
rtie very good, except on difficult passages." In thus
meeting, rather than avoiding, the difficult questions, I am
aware that I have laid myself open much more to criticism ;
but this consequence, however undesirable, I shall not regret,
if I have really succeeded in throwing any light upon
them.
This new edition has been as carefully revised as the
time and circumstances of the editor would admit, and it
is hoped will be found to contain all that the ordinary reader
may desire.
JHMO^GENOT^
'0 nEPI TOT ^TE^ANOT AOFGX.
Hpcorov fjuev, w avSpe<; AOrjvaloi, rol^ 6eol<; ev^ofiai i
TTacTL Kai Tracrai!;, bcrr/v evvoiav eYwi^ eyco ScareXw rrj
fee T€ iroXeb Kau iraaiv vjmv, rocravrrjv virap^at fjLOi irap
v/jLwv et? TOVTOVO rov aycova, eireiO , 6 irep eart /xciXtaO*
uirep v/jLcov Kat, ttJ? v/i€Tepa<^ evcre^eia^ re kclI So^7]<^,
TovTo Tfapaairjcrai rov^ deov^ vfuv, fir) rov avrihacov
av/ji/3ov\ov iTon]aaa6ai irepc rov ttco? afcoveiv vfia<; e/xov
Bel (^cr^erXtoi^ yap av eurj rovro ye), aWa tov<; vopiov^ 3
Kat Tov bpKov, eu co Trpo? aTraat toI<; aWoi<^ BcKacoc<f
Ko.i TOVTO yeypaiTTai, to OfiOLCo^ afKpolv aicpoaaaaOai.
TovTo 8 eaTtv oh jiovov to jjlt] TrpoKaTeyvcoKevat, /jLrjBev,
ovof. TO TTjv euvotav Lcrrjv afj,(poTepoi<i aTTooovvai, aXXj.
Kat TO TTj Tci^eu Kau Tjj airoXoyia, «? jSe^ovXTjTax Kai
TrporjprjTat Twv aycovi^ofievcov eKacTTO'^, ovtco'^ eaaac
')(prj(TaadaL.
JJoWa /lev ovv eycoy eXaTTOv/jLac KaTci tovtovo tov 3
aycova Aca'^ivov, Bvo B , w avBpe<^ AOrjvaloc, Kat fie-
f^iaXa • ev fiev otl ov irepb tcov lctcov aycovi^o/jbac • ov
1
AHM02eEN0YS
> f «
yap ecTTLV i(Tov vvv efjuoi Tr]<i Trap v/jlwv evvoLa<^ Oiajiap-
TELV Kai Tovro) p.7) ekelv ti]v ypa(p7^v, aXA, e/xot ixev — (ov
^ovXo/jLat Be hva^epe<^ eLTrelv ovhev ap'^op^evo^; rov Xoyov),
ovro<; 8 eK TrepLovaca^ pov Kar-qyopel. ' Erepov h , b
(bva€L Tvaaiv avOpoiTTOi^ virap'^eL, rcov pev XoLOoptwv Kau
TO)V KarrjjopLcov uKOveiv rjBeco^, tol<; eTratvovcn B aviov^
* a^Oeadat' tovtcov tolvvv o pep ean irpo^ rihovriv, roviw
BeSorac, o Be iracnv o)? e7ro<^ eLTrelv evo-^el, Xolttov epoL
Kav pev ev\a^oupevo<; tovto pi] Xeyco ra nreirpaypeva
epavTO), ovK e'^ecv airoXvaaaOai ra KaT7]yop7)peva So^co
ovo €(p 019 a^Lco TLpaauau oecKvvvai, • eav o ecp a Kai
TreTTOLTjKa Kai TreTToXcrevpaL ^aBi^co, TroXXaKc^ Xeyetv
avayKaaOricropaL irepi epavrov. UeipacropaL pev ovv 221
ft)9 perpLcoTara tovto iroielv ' o tl B av to Tvpaypa
avTO avayKa^T), tovtov t-tjv aiTiav ovTo<i eaTC BLKaio^
e'^etv TOtovTov aywva evaTrfcrapevo^;.
Oipat B vpa<^, CO avBpe<^ AOrjvaloi, 7ravTa<^ av opo-
Xoyrjaai, KOtvov elvau tovtovl tov aywva epoi Kai Krir)'
cn(f)coi>ri, Kai ovBev eXaTTOvo<; a^iov aTTOvBrj^; epoc ' irav-
Tcov pev yap aTToaTepelaOac XvTrrjpov ecrrt Kac yaXeirov,
aXXco^ re kUv vir e'^Opov ro) tovto avp^aivi], paXiara
Be Tr]<; Trap vpwv evvoia<^ Kai cptXavdpcoTrta^;, haw nrep
5 Kai TO TV^elv TOVTCDV peyuaTov ecrTiv. Hepu tovtcov B
ovTO<; TOVTOVL TOV aywvo^, a^LO) Kai Beopat tkivtcov
opoi(t)<i vpcov, aKovaat pov Tvepu twv KaTt]yopi]pev(DV
0,71 oXoyov pev ov BiKaico<;, waTrep ol vopoi KeXevovaiv, ov<;
Ti6eL<; e^ ^PXV'^ XoXwv, evvov<; (ov vplv Kau Br]poTiKO<;,
HEPI TOY STE^ANOY.
ov fjLovov Tcp ypa-Yai KvpLOV^ (pero 6eLV eLvat, aKKa Kai
TO) TOf? OLKa^ovra<^ u/xa? o/J-cofioKevai ' ovk aTriarwy 7
vfjuv, w? y f/Ctot (jjalveraL, aW opwv on Ta<; aLTia<; Kai
ra? Sial3o\d<;, ah €k tov Trporepo^ Xeyeiv 6 hiwKWV
la'yyety ovk eve tu) (pevyovri irapekOelv, ec /xr] rcov OiKa-
t^ovTfov eKaaro^ v/jlwv rr]v 7rpo<; rcv<^ 6eov<i evae^eiav
(huXciTTCOV Kol ra tov XeyovTO^: varepov SiKaia evvoLKwq
irpoaSe^erat, Koi 'Trapa(T')(wv eavrhv laov Kai kolvov
dfi(j)OTepoL<; OLKpoarriv, ovtco rrjv hiayvcoaiv irocrjaeTai,
nrepX diravrwv.
MeWcop Be TOV re ISiov /Slov iravTo^, w? eot/ce, Xoyov 8
BiBdvai TTifiepov Kai twv kolvtj TreTroXiTevfievcov, jBovXo-
fiat TTaXiV T0U9 ^eof? irapaKaXeaai, Kai evavTLOV v/j^cov
ev-)(0[iai TTpwTOV fiev, oarjv evvotav e-^^cov eyw BiaTeXco ttj
2^5 re TToXet kclv Tracnv vfilv, TOcravTTjv vTrap^at fioc Trap
vfioiv €69 TOVTovl TOV aycova • eirecO , o rt /xeXXec av-
voLcreLV Kai irpo'; evho^iav kolvt) Kat irpo^ evae/Secav
eKao-TW, TOVTO TrapaaTrjcrai, tov<^ Oeov^ iraaiv vfuv irepi
ravTTjal Trj<; ypa(j)rj<; yvwvai.
El /xev ovv irepl wv eBlcoKe fiovov KaTrjyoprjcrev Ata'^i- 9
vr)^, Kayco irepl avTov tov 'irpo^ovXevfiaTo^ evOv^ av
aTreXoyovixrjv • eTretSr) S* ovk eXaTTco Xoyov TaXXa
hi€^irov dvrjXcoKe Kai tcl irXeicrTa KaTeyjrevcraTO fiov,
dvayKalov elvai vofii^co Kai BcKacov a/ia (Bpay^ea, co
avBpe<^ ^AOrjvaloL, irepl '^Q'^ncov elirelv irpwTOV, Iva /j^rjSecf;
vficov TOi? e^wOev Xdyotz rjypievo^ aXXoTpLcoTCpov tcop
inrep ttJ? ypa^rj^; BiKaLco^' a<ovrj /lov.
AHM02eEN0Y2
'0 Ilepi fiev St) rcov lSlcou baa \oihopov[jLevo<^ ^el3\acr<prj-
iiTjice rrepu efiov, OeaaaaOe w? difka Kat huKaia \eyco.
Et fiep Lcrre fie tocovtov olov ovro^ yrcaro (ov yap
aWoOc TTOv jSejSccoKa r) Trap vfilv), pur^he (pcovrjv avd-
a')(r}aBe, purjh eu iravra ra kolvcl virepev TreTroKcievpat,
aW avaaTavTe<^ Kara-^r^^taaaOe i^hrj • eu Be ttoWoj
jSeXrico TOVTOv Kai eK jBeXrLovuiV, Kat pLr]h6vo<^ rcov pue-
rpicov (^iva pur^hev eira'^de^ Xeyco) ')(elpova kcll epue Koi
T0f9 ep,ov<^ v7r6LXrj<paT6 Kat, ytyvwaKere, tovtw puev pLijS*
VTrep Twv aWcov Tnarevere • BrjXov yap co? 6pLoca}<s
airavT eTrXarrero ' epuot 8 , rjv irapa Travra rov '^pdvov
evvoLav evSeSet-^Oe eirc ttoXXcov aywvwv rcov Trpdrcpou,
11 /cat vvvL 7rapacr')(ea6e. KaKorfirj^ h cov, Ala')(^Lvri, tovto
iravreXw'; evr]6e<^ o)7jOr)<;, rov<; irepu twv ireirpaypLeviov
Kai ireTToXLTevpLevcdv Xoyov<; acf^evra /xe 7rpo<; Ta<; XoiSo-
pi,a<: Ta<s irapa aov rpe'^ecrOai. Ov Srj TroLrjaco tovto *
ov-^ ovTco T€TV(pcop.aL ' uXX VTrep piev tccv TreTToXtTev- 22s
pLevcov a KaTeyjreuSov Kau Sie^aXXe^i e^eTaaco, t?}? Be
7ropbTreca<i TavTrj^ tt}? aveSrjv yeyev7}pLevr]<; vaTepov, av
^ovXopLevot<; aKOvetv f] tovtol<J(,, pvTjadr^aopac.
12 Ta pev ovv KaTrjyoprjpeva TroXXa Kat oeiva, Kai Trept
ojv evLwv peyaXa<^ Kav Ta<^ ea'^uTa^ 01 vopot ocooacri
Tipcopia<; ' Tov Be TrapovTO<; ayoovo<i ?; Trpoacpeai^ avTi]
e-^Opov pev eTTiipeiav eyei Kai v/Sptv Kau XoiSopiav Kat,
TrpoTnjXaKLcrpov opov kul TTuvra ra ToiavTa, tcop pevTOL
KaT7]yopio)v Kai twv aiTiwv twv eiprjpieucov, euTrep r]aav
(iX^jdel^, ovK evi Ttj ttoXcl Blktjv a^tav XajSelv ovS
n E P I i" Y 2 T F I- A \' n V
eyyv^. Ov yap achat peluOai S-sl to rrpoaekOeiV rco '3
Brj/j^w Kcil Xoyov rv^elv, olS' ev e7n]p€ici<^ rci^ei Kat
(pOoVOV TOVTO TTOielv, OVr€, fltl TOU? ^eOL'?, OpOo)^ €)(0V
0VT6 TToXiTLKOV 0VT6 SiKaiop ecTTLV, oj civCpe^ AOTjValoi !
'^X\' €(/)' oh dhiKovvra fie ewpa tijV ttoXiv, ovctl ye
TrfKi.KGUTOi^ i;\iKa vvv €TpayQ)Bei Kat Sce^yjei, ral^ eic
T(s)v vo/xcov TLf-LoypLaL^ Trap avra rahLKv.fiara '^(^prjaOai,,
tL p.ev eiaayyeXias a^ia TrparTovra fie ecopa, eiaayyeK-
Xoi'ra Kai tovtov tov Tpoirov ez? Kpicriv Kaoiaravra
Trap vjMV, €L ^e ypa(^ovTa Trapavofia, irapavopiwv ypa-
4>6ix€i>ov ' ov yap Biittov KT7]cri(i)'x^vTa fiev Buvarac Sico-
Keiv 8i' €p.e, epe Be, elirep e^eXey^etv evo/xc^ev, avrov
ovK av lypiv^raTO.fx Kai pqv €l tl twv aWcov cov vvvl u
Bte^aWe Kai Bie^jjet, ?; Kac aW otlovv uBlkovvtu fie
i;/xa9 efjL'pa, eicn vopoL irepu iravrcov Kai rip^copiai Kai,
aywve^ Kai Kpiaei<; lujcpn Kai pieyuXa ey^ovaai raTri-
•yM-LfLiar, Kai roviois e^f]V airacn -^prjcrOai • Kai OTrrjviKa ^
ecjiaivETO ravTa ireTroiriKO}^ Kac tovtov tov Tpoirov k€-
'^pi]pevo<; To2^ 7rpo<; epe, oypo\oye?TO av i] KaT-qyopia
TOi? epyoL<; avTOV.
Nuv S' 6K(TTa<; TJ]^ opdrj<; Kai, hiKaia^ oBov Kat (l)vycov 15
roi? Trap' avTci tcl irpaypiaTa eXey^^oi;?, roaovTOL<; vaTe-
pov y^povoL'^ aWia^ Kai crKopLpiaTa Kai XoiBopia^ av/Jiipo-
py\(ja<^ vTroKplveTai. KWa KaTi^yopel p.ev epov, Kpivei
Se TovTQi'i, Kai TOV pev ayo:vo<; bXov tjjV tt^o? ep^e
e^Opav irpotaTaTai, ovtapov B em TavTrjv uTnjVTJjKco^;
kuLol TP^v eTepov ^/^tcSj' eirLTipLiav acpeXeaOau (paiverai.
■^■..
ifi KatTOL 77/1)09 airaaiv, o) uvope^ AOyvaioi, Tot9 aWoL<;
Of? GV €L7r€lV TL<i VTTEp KT7](Tt(pCi)VT0<i €^0L hlKaLOL^, tCai
TOUT efiotye Bok€l kqi /laX ecKorco^ dv Xeyeiv, otl Trj<;
rifierepa^; 6yopa<^ }jp-a<^ e(p rj/jLccv avrwv oiicaiov i]v rov
€^€Taa^ov TTOLelcrOaL, ov to /lev 7rpo<; aWriXou<; aycovt-
^ecrOac irapaKeLireiv, erepcp B orco kukov tl Scoaofjuev
^qrelv ' vTrep^oXri yap oBcKia^; rouro ye.
Havra fiev tolvvv ra KarrjyoprjfjLeva ofjboico<; eK rov-
rcov av Ti? lZol ovre BiKaLO)<; ovr ctt a\r]66ia<; ovBepnaf;
eiprjiieva • povXofiac ce Kau Kao ev efcacrrov avTwv
e^eraaai, Kat /iuXlctO baa virep tt}? eLpriVT)<; Kat rrj'^
7rp€ai3eia<i Karexlreucraro p.ou, ra rreiTpaypeva eavrco
fiera ^L\.OKparov<; avarLdec^ epiOL. Ecttl 8 avayKalov,
(o avope^ At>7]vaiOL, kul 7rpoai]Kov tcrw?, w? Kar e/cret-
vov<; rov<^ ')(povov^ et^e ra irpaypLaTa uvap^vrjcrai vfia'^,
tva 7rpo<; rov virapy^ovra Kacpov eKaaTa t/ewpy^re.
^ Tov yap ^coKiKOV (jV(JTavTO<^ iroXepLov, ov Si epe, ov
yap 8)] eycoye e7ro\iTevo[iTjV ttco rore, irprorov p.ev uyu-et?
ouTO) hieKetade, oiare ^wKea^ puev /SovXeaOai crcoOfjvai, 23)
KaiTrep ov SiKaia TroLOvvra^ opcovre^, ©7]l3aLOL<; B otlovv
av e(f)r)a6y]vat TraOovorLv, ovk aXoy(o<; ovB uBlkco^; avrot^
w opyL^o/jL€voL ' lot? yup evTV)(r]iceaav ev Aevicrpoi^, ov
fierpiw^ eKe'^prjvro ' eireiO 7/ TleXoTrovvqao^ airaaa Beet'
ari'iKti, Koi ov6 oi p.LaovvTe<^ AaKeBaifioviov^ ovrw^
icjyxHiv ojare aveXeiv avTov<;, ovu oi irporepov cl eKec
vwv apyovre'^ Kvpioi rcou iroXecov tjcrav, aKXa rt? 7jv
aKpLTO<; KaL irapa tovtol^ xai. irapa tol<; aAAOi? wrraaLV
IIEPITOYSTE^ANOY. "^
Tpt9 /ca; Tapaj^T]. Tavra o opcov 6 ^ckiirTro'i (^ov yap »
hv acpavrj^, toI<^ Trap eKa<7T0L<=; 7rpoBoTai<; ■^ptjfiara ava-
\.i(TKWv, iravTa<^ avveKpove Kat 7rpo<; avrov; eraparrev '
e/r ev ot? ^jjnapravov ol oXXol kul Ka/ca)<; e(f:povovVy -^
auio^ TrapeaKeva^ero Kat Kara nravTwv ecpvero. uQ? Be
TaXaiTraypou/jievoi, rat firjfcei, rov ttoXe/jLOV ol tot€ fjuev
Sap€L<;, vvv S aTV^el<; Orj^aloL cf)av6poi iracnv y]crav
wayKaaOrjaofxevoi KaTa<f>6vyeLv ecf) v}xa<;, o ^iXlitito'^,
iva fjbrj TGvro jevouro fjbrjhe avveXOoiev au 7roX,et?, vpuv
fiev eipriV7)v, eK€ivoL<i Be /SorjdeLav eTTTjyye Lkaro. Tc ovv 20
avvrjycovttjaro avra> tt^o? to Xa/Secv oXtyov Setv v/ia<;
eK0VTa<^ e^airaray/jLevov^; ; 'H rcov aXXcov EXXtjVcov —
eire '^prj KaKiav ecr ayvoiav eure Kai afKporepa ravr
SLTTeLV, — 01, iToXepbov auve)(rj Kat [laicpov TroXe/jbovvrcov
v/jLcjv, kul rovTGv virep tcov iraat avp^cpepovrcov, «9 epyo) /
(pavepov yeyovev, oure '^prifxacnv ovre aodfiacrLu our
aXXw ovhevt rwv aTravrcov avveXa^^avov vfiiv ' oh /cac
BLKaL(o<; Kat irpoarjKovTW^; opyil^ofievoi eroiiKo^ inrrjKOV-
aare ro) ^iXiTTTrw. H /xev ovv rore avy^coprjdelaa
eipiiVT] Sea ravT , ov Sl e/xe, co? ovto<; Bie^aXXev, eirpa-
23-,' %^7; * Ta he rovTCDV ahucrniaTa Kat hcopoSoKTuiara ev
avrr) tcov vvvt Trapovrcov Trpay/jtarcov, av rt? e^era^Tj
BtKai(o<;, atrta evprjaet.
Kat ravTt iravO vrrep rry? aX7]6eia<^ aKpi^oXoyovjiat 2]
Kat hte^ep')(0[iat. Et yap elvat tl hoKotri ra fiaXtara
ev TovTOf^ aoiKTifia, ovSev eart hr-irov irpo^ e/ie, aXX o
fjtev TrpwTO? ecTTCDv Kat ptvijaOet^ irept rrj'; eipr^vrj^ Api-
AHMOSeENOYS
aTohrjfjbo^ rjv 6 viroKptTi^;, o S €KS€^a/ji€vo<i Kai >ypa\lra<}
Kul eavTOV jjiera tovtov /xtaOcoaa'^ eirt ravra ^uKoKpa-
tt;? o Ajvovaio^, ao<i, Aia^Lvrj, kolvwvo';, ov^ o efto?,
ovh av crv Siappayr)^ y^evhopuevo'^, oi he (TvueL7T0VTe<;y -
OTOV hi\iTOTe eveKa (ecu yap tovto j ev to) irapovTc),
Ev^ovXo^ Kol K7](f)Lo-o(l)(i)u ' ejo) 8 ovhev ovhapLov.
12 '/4XX,' opL(o<;, TOVTCov TOLOVTcav ovTcov fcat enr avTrj<; T179
aXrjOela'i ovto) BeLKVV/jbevcov, a? tov6 rjfcev avaiheta'^,
coar erokfjia Xejetv, w? apa ejco iTpo<^ ro) Tfj<; €Lp7]vr)<;
ULTLO^ yeyevrjaOaL Kau iceiccoXvicw^ etrjv ti]v ttoXlv p^era
koivov (TVvehpLov twv ^EX\7]Vo)V avTi]v irouriaaaOai.
EIt m — (tl civ eLTToiv ore r/-? opOw<; irpocreiTroi ;) eanv
oiTov (TV Trapcov, T7]\LKavrr)v irpa^iv Kai avpupuayjiav
ri\.iK7]v vvvi Bie^7}eL<; opcov axfjaipovpievov pie r-^? TroXeo)?
r)yavdfCT7](Ta<i, rj irapeXOwv ravra a vvvl KaT7]yopel^
2;^ eBcBa^a^; Kal 8Le^rj\6e<; ; Kat pbrjv eu to KCoXvaat rrjv
TO)v ^ EXX,r]vcov KOivcovtav eireirpaKeiv eyco ^iXltttto), aot
TO pur] (TLyrjcrai \oiirov rjv, aWa jSoav Kac oiafiapTvpe-
a6ac KOi hrfkovv TovToiaL Ov tolvvv €7roLr]<Ta<; ovhapLov
TOVTO, ouS' r^fcovae gov Tavrrju Trjv (pcovrjv ovSec^; • etfco-
Tw? • ovT€ yap r)V irpea/Seta irpo<^ ovheva'^ aiTeaTaXpuevr)
Tore TMV 'EXkr\vwVy aXXa TrdXai irdvTe'; r^aav e^eXr]- 1
Xeypievoi, ov6^ ovto^ vyie^ irepl tovtcov eiptiKev ovhev.
'A Xo)p\<; Se TOVTWV Kal hia^aXXei tijV ttoXlv ra p^eyiara
ev oU -xlrevherat. El yap u/tet? apia tov<; p,ev EXXrjva^
et? iroXepbov irapeKaXetTe, avrot oe irpo^i H*tAi7riT0v Tvepi
npyivrjf; irpeafSei^i eirepurere, Evpv/Sarov irpaypia, ov
nEPIT0Y2TE<l>AN0Y, 9
jToXeco'^ epjov ovBe ^pijarcov avOpoTrcov ZieirparTecrde*
Aw ovK ean ravra, ou/c eariv ' n yap Kai /3ouXo~
JL6V0C pi€Te7re/jLri'6a6 av avTov<i ev tovtw tu> Kaipo) ;
Etti- ti]v eLpi]V7]V ; AW vTrrjp^ev airaaiv. AW errt
TOP TToXe/jLov ; AW avrou irepu eLprjV-t]<; e/SovXeveaOe,
OvKOVV 0VT6 tt}? €^ ^^PXV^ €Lprivrj<; i,y€fiCL)V ovS aiTLO<i
cov eyco (^aivo/jLai, ovre rcov aXXoiv, ojv KC^ie^^evaaro
uov, ovhev aX7]66<; ov BeLfcvvrat. , --
^Eireihi] TOLVvv eironiaaro ti]v 6LprjV7]v i] 7roXi<;, ev- as
ravOa ttuXlv aKey^raaOe ri ij/jLcov eKurepo'^ irpoeiXero
irpdrreiv • Kac yap etc rourcov euaeaOe, tl^ 7]V o ^iXiTnrcp
irdvra avvayoivil^o fjievo<; kul T69 o Trparrcov virep vficov
KCLL TO rrj TToXec crvficpepov trjrcDv. Eyco fiev rotvvv
eypaAJra (SovXevcou uTroTTXelv^rrjV ra^LCTTrjv tov<; Trpea^eL<^
€7TL Tou? TOTTOV^ €v oi? CIV ovTa ^lXlttttov irvvQavoiVTaL,
Kal TOv<; bpKOV^ aTroXa/ji/Saveiv • ovtol he ovBe ypa-yjrap-
To? e/jLov ravra iroie'lv rjOeXrjaav. Tc Be rovr rjBvvarOy
CO avBpe^ AOrjvaloi ; Eyco SiEa^co. ^lXlttttw fiev iju 26
crv/x(f)epov w? TrXelcrrov rov fiera^v '^povov yeveaOai rcov
bpKcov, vpuv B co<; eXa-^tarov. Aia re ; On vp-eu^
^34 pev ouK acf) 7)^ cop-ocrare 7jp€pa<; povov, aXX acp ?;?
i-jXTTiaare ri]v eLpi]vr]v eaeaOat, 7raaa<; e^eXvaaaOe ra<;
irapacriceva^ ra? rov iroXep^ov, Be rovro e/c iravro'^ rov
')(^povov fiaXLcrra eir pay pLar ever 0, vopi^cov, oTrep V/V aXrj-
t c9, baa tt}? TroXew? irpoXa^oi izpo rov rov<; bpKOv^
iLTToBovvai, ircivra ravra l3e/3ai(o<; egeiv • ovBeva yap
Tvv eipr^v-qv Xvaetv rovrcov eveKa. A eyco 7rpoopcop,€vo<;, 27
28
10 A H M O 2 e E N O Y 2
O) avBp6<; AOrjvaioi, Kau Xoyil^ofievo'^, to yjrTjc^LafJLa tovto
ypacpo), irXelv eiru tou? tottov^ ev ol<^ av fj ^iXtTTTro?,
Kat Tov^ opKou<; tj]v Ta')(^i(JT'qv uTroXaijL^avecv • ti ^%ov-
T(ov SpaK(jL>v, Twv vfierepcDV crv/jL/jia'^wv, ra '^copia ravO
a vvv ovTO<; Sieaupe, to Xeppiov Kai to MupTcop Kat
rryi/ EpjLaK7]v, ovtco jiyvocvO oi opKOi, Kat /jli] irpo-
\a(5<x)V €K€LVo<; Tou<; €7nKaLpov<i Tojv Torrwv /cvpL0<; tt}?
GpoLKT}^ KaTacTTatT}, firjhe ttoWcov fiev '^(^prjfiaTcov, ttoX-
\wv Se aTpoTKOTwv €V7rop7]cra<;, etc tovtcov paSL(o<; to2<;
XotTTOt? eTTiyeipotr] rrpayfjiaaiv.
Eha TOVTO fiev ov^t Xejeo to -y^ViCpLcr fjua, ovS ava-
'yiyvcdaKei • et oe povXevcov eyco Trpocrayetv tov? irpe-
cr^€L<i (pfJLTjv Selv, TOVTO /jLov Sca/SaWei,. A7Cka tl e'^prjv
lie iroielv ; Mi] Trpoaayeuv ypay^au tov<^ ettl tovO
rjK0PTa<;, tv vfuv BioXe-^Ococnv ; 'iJ 6eav /jli] KaTaveljiai
Tov ap-^LTeKTGva avTo2<; KeXevcrat ; AW ev toIv Svolv
o^oXoLV eOeoipovv av, eu /n] tovt eypa(f)r). Ta fiifcpa
ovfjL(pepovTa r?;? 7ro\eco<^ eSet fie <^v\aTTeiv, Ta h oXa,
(oairep ovtoi, TreirpaKevai ; Ov Briirov.
Aeye tolvvv jjlol to 'y^ijdaajjia tovti Xa/Scov, b cracfiwf;
ovTo<; eiScof; irape^r] Aeye.
S^' H * I 2 M A.
^ EttI apyovro? MvT](Ti(f)L\nv, 'EKaTOfi(BaLa)uo^ evr] Km vea, f/)uX^y
npvTavevovarjs UavbLoui^os, Arjfxocrdevrjs Aij^oadivovs llniavievs et-
TTfi' ' (TTfioij 'PlXittttos aTTOfrretXa? npicrfSeis TTfjH tt]v elpr^vTjs niio-
XoyiiVfiiva^ 7r€7Toii]Tcn iTvvOijKci^^ ^e{)a^(i(H. Ttj (3iw\fi Kixi rw 8rjncp
TO) ABrjvaioiU, ottcos tiv t) dpijv^ eTriTeXeadp, rj €Tnx^LpoTuvr]6f'i(Ta
tv TTJ TrpdiTT} (kkXtjo-'ui, TTpeafieis iXctrQui eK rrairrcci/ hf^rivnlaiv iJ6t]
IIEPIT0Y2TE«I>AN0Y. 11
TTcvTe, rovs Se -vfLpoTovr^Bevra^ ano^rj^elv firj^efiiav V7rep/3oXi^i^ nowv-
fiei'ovs, OTTOV av ovra TTVvOdvcavTaL tov ^lKlttttov, koX roiis opKovi:
XajHeiv T€ Trap avrov Koi dovvai ti)v Ta^iarrjv eVi ruis" oi/JLoXoyrnxevats
avuBriKais aiirS ttjjos tuv Adrjvaioiv drjfxov, (TvyL.TT€pLkap.^avovTas Koi
Tois (KOTepcov crvppaxovs- Upecr^eis ■^piOrjcrav ^VjBovXos 'Ava(f)\v-
crrtof, Alcrxi-vris KodcoKidrjs, Kr](piao(poi}V 'Pafivovcnos, Ar]p.oKpa.Tr]s
^\v€vs, KXecov KoOaxidrjs-
Tavra jpay^avro'^ e/xov rore, /cat to rrj jroXet cru/jL-
hepov, ov TO TOV ^lXlu'ttov ^7]Tovvto<^, ^pa^v (f)povTi-
avTe<s OL '^p7](TT0(, 7rpecr/5et? ovtol KaOrjVTO ev MaK6-
oovia Tpel<^ b\ov<i fJLrjva^;, eco? ifkOe ^iXi'mro'^ e/c Opa/CTj<;
iravTa TUKec KaTaaTpe-^a/ievof;, e^ov ruiepCav BeKa,
fjLoXXov Se Tpiwv 7] T6TTapcov, et? TOV KWr]a7rovTov
a<^l-)(6aL Kol Ta '^wpca acoaai,, Xa/SovTa^ tov^ bpKov<i
irpLV eKelvov e^ekelv avTa • ov yap av '}]ylraT avTwv
wapovTcov r)/jLcov, 77 ov/c av cop/a^o/jbev avTov, coaT6 T7]<;
:.5l eLprjVr]<; av 8c7]/JbapT7]K€t Kac ov/c av afjUcj^oTepa el-^e, Kau
Ti]V €LpT]vr]V Kac Ta '^copta.
To [lev TOivvv ev tij TrpecrBeta irpcoTov KXefi/jua (xev ?i
^iXlttttov, BcopoBoKrjfia Be tcov aBcKcov tovtcov av9pu)7rcov
Kac 6eo2<; ey^Opwv tolovtov eyeveTO, vrrep ov Kau tots Kai
vvv Kav aeu o/j.o\oyco TroXefielv Kac BiacpepecrOai T0VT0i<^ •
eTepov 8 ev6v<^ e^e^?}? eTt tovtov puel^ov KaKovpyrjfia
OeaaaaOe. KTreiBi] yap cofiocre ttjv etp7]vr]v o ^iXiir- si
TTO?, TrpoXa/Scov ti]V OpaKrjv Sta tovtov<; tov<; ovy^i
7reia6evTa<; tco e/xo) '\ln](l)i(r/jLaTL, TraXiV covelTat Trap
avTwv oiTw<i fjLT) airicofjuev eK MaKeBovia<^, 6^? Ta tt;?
(TTpaTeta^ t?/? evrt tov^ 9a)Kea<; evxpeiri-j TrocviaaLTO, iva
fir;, Bevp uTrayyeckavTcov rjawv otl /leXkei Kac Tvapa-
i2 AHM02GEN0Y2
(TK€va^€TaL iropeveaOai, e^eXOoire vfjueh koI irepufXeV'
cravT€<; Ta7<^ rptripeo-cv eU TJvXa^ coairep irpoTepov KXet-
aaire top iropOfiov, aXX, a/j. aKouoire ravra airayyeX-
XovTcov Tj/xcov KaKeLvo<; evro^ elr] UvXcov kcll /xySev eyoiff
iJUueL^ iroLrjo-ac.
'■« OvTco S i']v 6 ^iXtTTTTO? €V (f)df3(p Kcu TToWtj djcovla,
fj~- Kac ravra 7rpo6iX7)(poro<; avrov, Trpo rov rou? ^co-
Kea% airoXecrOaL a/covaavre^; ^^rj^iaaiaOe ^orjOetv avroh,
Kac €K(j)vyot ra rrpayfiar avrov, coare ficcrOovrac rov Ka-
ruTrrvarov rovrovc, ov/cerc Koivrj jnera rcov aWrov rrpe-
a^ecDV, aXK iSia KaO avrov, roiavra 7rpo<; vfia,'^ elirelv
^ Kat airayyelXai, Be cov cnravr airwXero. — ^A^cco Se,
&) avSpe<i AOrjvaloi, koI Beofiai, rovro /le/jLvrjaOat vfia<;
Trap oXov rov aywva, ore fir] Karr)yopi]aavro<; AIo-vlvov
fjbrjSev e^o) rr}? <ypa(prj<; ouS' av eyo) Xoyov ovBeva
erroiovjjLrjV erepov, d7raaai^.S airiai<^ kcll j3Xa(T(f)7yjLlai<^ 2?
afia rovrov Ke-^pi^fievov, avay/cr} ku/j^ol rrpo^ eKaara rcov
35 /car7]yop7]fj,evcov fiLKpa aTTOKpivaaOat. — Tlv€<; ovv ^aav
at irapa rovrov Xoyou rore p7]6evr6<;, Kac Be ov^i airavr
airoiXero ; f2<; ov Bel 6opv/3eccr6aL rep rrapeXriXvOevai
^lXlttttov euaw TIvXcov • earat yap airavO oaa /3oJ-
XeaO' u/xet?, eav e^r]6 rjcrv)(^Lav, Kal aKovaeaOe Bvolv 1)
Tpicov rj/jb€pcjv, ot? /jL€v €'^9po<^ rjKCi, (f)LXov avrov yeyevT]-
fievov, ol^ Be 0i\o?, rovvavrtov e-^Opov. Ov ycip ra
prijjLara ra? oiKeioriira'^ €(f>7) /3e/3aiovv, fxaXa aep.vo)^
ovofid^cov, aXXa ro ravra av/jucpepeiv • crvfMcfiepeiv Be
^lXlttitw Kat ^coKevac Kau vfuv 6fjb0L03<^ airaai, r/J?
n E P I T Y 2 T E <!> A N O Y. 13
dvaXyrjcTLa'i /cat Trj<; l3apuTr)T0<; airaWayrjuai, rr]S rcov
Srj^aiwv. Tavra h aafievco<^ Tive<; t^kovov avrov Bta 36
rrjv T06 vTTOvaav aire-^Oeiav 7rpo<; tov<; ©7]l3aLOV<;.
Ti ovv avve/3r] /xera ravr ev6v<^, ov/c et? /xaKpav ;
Tov^ /jb€v ToXaiTrwpov^ ^(0K6a<; airokeaOaL Kai Ka-
■'aaKa(prjvaL Ta<; 7ro\€L<^ avrcov, v/ia<; 8 rjo-v^iav aja-
•yovTa<^ Kat, tovto) ireiaBevra'^, /JLLKpov ho-repov crKeva-
ywyelv ek twv aypcov^ tovtov he ')(pvaiov \a/3e2v • Kau
en Trpof; TOvroi<^ Tr]V jxev aire^Oeiav rrjv 7rpo<; 07]/3aLov<;
Kat GeTToXov; rrj iroXei 'yeveaOai, rrjv Se %a/Oii^ rrjv
virep Twv Treirpayfievcov ^CkiiTTrw. On S ovtw ravr 37
e^et, Xeye (jlol to re rou JLaXkiaOevov^ '\^i](^icriJLa Kat
Ti]v eiTLaToXrjv ttjv tov ^CkiinTOV, e^ q)v a/JLcporefKov
Tav6 a/rravO v/mv earai cfjavepa. Aeye.
^H^ISMA.
R31 Errt Mvr)ai(f)iXov apxovros, avyK\r)Tov eKKXTjcrias vtto arpaTTjycov,
KOL Trpvrdveoiv kol ^ovXrjs yvcojxij, 'NlatjiaKTrjpLOivos 8eKa.TT] aTTiouroSy
KaWtcrdevT]^ ^'EreouiKOV ^ak-qpevs eiwe • prjdeva ' Adrjvaicou p.r]8€p*a
7rap€vpe(T€L iv rrj x^P9- koltguw yiyveaOai, aXk ev acrrei Koi Ueipaielj
ocroi /ij) €V Tols (ppovpiois elcrlv aTToreraypevoi • tovtcov 8 eKdcrrovs,
rjp TrapeXajSov rd^LV, dcarrjpelv pr]T€ dcjyrjpepevovras pr\Te aTTOKOiTovv-
ras- *0s av S' dneLOrjo-r] ra)Se tm -^rjcjiio-paTL, evoxos ecrrco rots' rrjs 3?
TTpohocrlas eTriTipLOLS, idv p.i] ti dbvvarov eTribeLKuvrj yrepi eavrof ov •
Trepi Se tov ddvudrov iiVLKpiveTCti 6 eVi TOiV ottXijov aTpaTrjyos Koi 6 e?. i
T^? dLOLKrjO-ecos koi 6 ypappuTevs r^J l3ovXi]S- KaTaKopi^ecv de kol tu
€K TOiv dypcov ndvTa ttjv TaxifTTrjv, to. pev ivTos aTahluiv CKaTOV €iico(Tlv
els ("iCTTV Ka\ UsLpaid, to. 6e cktos crTadicou eKUTOu e'lKOcnv els EXeucrtva
KOI ^v\r)v Kal "A<pi8vav koi 'Pafivovvra kol ^ovviov. EtVe KaXXtcr^e-
irqs '^aXrjpevs.
Ap eirl TavTai<; rat? eXirtaL ttjv €Lpr,vr}p eiroLeiaoe,
r} ravT eTrrjyyeXXed vjjuv ovto<; /jLLa6(OT0<; ;
2
14 AHM02eEN0Y2
38 Aey€ Srj ttjv eTrtaroXijp rjv oevp' eTre/xi^e ^ikiTT'^o^
fjLerci ravra.
EniSTOAH ^lAinnoY.
Bao-tXey? MaKebovcov <l>tXi7r7roj- ' \6r]val.cov rfj jSnvXf] Koi ra ^l^.
Xaipeiv. lore rjixas 7rape\r)\vS6ras ii<Tco IlvXcov Kal ra kutci rrjv
^(OKida v(p eavTov^ Trerroirjixepovs, Ka\ uaa fiev €Kov(Ti(t)s Trpoa-eTidero
Ta)v TToXLG-fidToiv, (f>povpas ila ayi-joxoras [cU avrd], tu Se p.i] viva- 239
Kovovra Kara Kpdroi XajSoures kc\ c^avhpaTTo^iadp.€yoL KaTf(TKch\rap.(v.
Ak-ovoiv 6e Kal vfids it aparrKevdC^ecr 6 at jBorfdelv avrnls, yeypa^lici vf-uv,
iva pi] cm Trkfiov epoxXrjade rrepl tovtcov. Tens p-h yap oXois ovdev
fx^TpLov p.oL boKeire tvouIv, ti)v dpr)vr]v avudtp.euoi kul o/xot'co? avrnra-
pe^dyovres, Kal ravra ovde avpTrepLeiXrjiJiaevcov rwv ^coxecov ev ruls
KOLvaLS Tjiicov avvdrjKais- "ficrre edu ^rj ifxp^v-qre roh cofLoXoyrjpevois,
ovdeu Trpor^prjaere e^oj rov e(pdaK€vat ddiKuvvres.
^ AKovere co? aa(^w<^ SrjXol kol SiopL^eraL ev rrj tt/jo? '
f/ia? emaToXr) irpo^ tov<^ eavrov av/xfid^ov^, on eyco
ravra ire7roL7]Ka aKovrcov 'AOijvaiwv Kal \v
TTOv/xepcov, coar eiTrep ev (jypovelre, w Orj/SatoL
Kat ©erraXoi, rovrov^ /xev €-)(^9pov<; vttoXtj-
^jreaOe, e/xot, Be marevaere, ov rovroa rol^ pi]-
fiacTL ypai/ra?, ravra Be /3ov\ofMevo<; BeiKvvvai. fToiya-
povv etc rovrfov (o^ero efC6LPuv<; Xa/Bcov et? to /.^t^S' onovv
nrpoopav rwv jjuera ravra p.7]h aiaOaveaOai^ uXX^ eaaat
iravra ra Trpayfiara eKelvov vcf) eavrcp 7roLr]aaa6ao •
eP Mv rai<; irapovaai'^ avpb^opal<; ol raXaLrroypot &7)-
11 /Saloi, /ce-)(^pr)i'raL. 'O Be ravrr)^ rv,<; 7rLare(i)<^ avrco
avv€pjo<; Kau avvaywvicrrii's kuu 6 Bevp (iirayyeiXa'; ra
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oovpufievo^ pi<v TTfiOi) Kal Bie^uov w? ocKrpa, icai Tovron>
Kau roiv ev ^PixiKevoi KaK(ov Kat ba aXXa ireTovSaatv
1
n E P I i O Y 2 T E 4> A N C) Y. 15
c'l ''EWiiVc^ uTTavTMV avTo^ cov a.ric<;. ArjXcv y.ip ore
(TV jxev uKyeU iiru roU aviijSei^i-jKoaiv, ALG-^cvrj, Kai
TOv<; Sr}l3aLov<i eXeeZ?, Krr^/jLar ey^cor ev rri Boiwria Kau
yecopyo'F ra eKeivcov, eyco 8e -y^aipw, b? (:v6v^ e^j]Tov/j.rjv
urro Tov ravra irpa^avro^.
AWa yap e/jLTreTrrcoxa ets" Xoyov^ cix; auriKa ij.a\Xov 12
icrco^ dp/jLocrei Xeyeiv. Eiravet/ii S// irakiv eiri ra^
uTToBei^eL^;, &>? ra rovrcov ahiKrifiara rcov vvvl irapovTwv
'iTpayiiaTwv y^yovev aiTia.
EireLBti yap e^r/TrarrjaOe /nev f/xei? viro tov ^CKltt-
7T0V Sui TGVTcjv T(£V ev Tat? irped^eLaL'^ fjnaOcoaavrcov
favTov<^ Kol ovSev a\ri6e<^ vjuv airayyeCkavTwv, e^TjTra-
TT]VTO 3e OL raXauiTwpoL ^coKelf; Kat avrjpTjvro at 7ro\€i<;
avTwv, TL eyevero ; Ol fiev KaraTrrvcrroL OerraXoi, Kat 4.3
dvaiaOrjTOL Orj/SaloL (piXop, evepyerrjv, acorrjpa tov
^lXlttizov riyovvTO ' iravT efcetvo^ rjv avrol^ * ovBe ^co-
i;j]v 7]Knvov, €0 Ti9 dXXo TL jSovXoiTO \6y6LV. T fjuel^ he
vcfiopcoiievo^ TO. TreTrpay/jLeva Kal hva-^epaivovTe'^ TjyeTe
Tt]v eLpi]vqv G/jico<; ' ov yap rjv o rt av eiroLeiTe ixovot.
Kal ol dWoL Be ' EWrjve^;, ofioico^ vjjuv ire^evaKiajjievoL
KCiL BLT]/jLapT7]K0T€^ COV hXTTCcrav, ijyov TTjV etptivrjv acfjue-
voi, Kai avTOi Tpoirov Tiva etc iroKKov iroA-efiov/jLevoi,,
'Ort yap irepLiOiv 6 ^LXimro^ IWvpcov^ Kai Tpc/SaX-
Xov^, TLvd^ Be Kai tcov EXXrivcov KaTeaTpe<^eTO, Kai
Bvvd/jieif; 7roXXd<; kol fieyaXa^ eiroieW vcp eavro), Kat
TIV6'; Tcov €K TMV TToXecov eiTL Trj TY)^ eiprjVT]'^ e^ovaca
SaBc^ovref; eKelae Bie4)6eipovTOy o)v et<i ouro^ rjv, '^ore
16 ' AHM02eEN0Y2
jT iravre^, e(p ou? ravra rrapecrKtva^er 6K€lvo<;, eTro/ie-
45 fxovvTO. >~-_JEt he /UL1] rjaOavovTo, erepo^i \oyo<; ovto<^, ov
7rpo<; efie. Eyco jxev yap irpovXeyov Kai hieixapTvpoiJbTjv
KCLi Trap vfMV aeo Kai ottol Tre^iKpOeLrjv • ai he TroXet? evo-
(TOW, Tcov fjbev ev Ta> irokireveaOai icau Trparrecv Scopo-
BoKouvTcov Kat StacfiOeLpo/jLevwv eirt '^prj/jiao-i, rwv he
chLcoTcov Kau TToWcov ra fjuev ov Trpoopco/xevcov, ra he Ml
TTj KaO rjfiepav paaroovr) Kai, cr^oXrj heXea^o/juevcov, Kat,
TOLovTOVL TO TTtt^o? iTeiTovOoTcov diTavTwv, ttXtjv ovk e(f)
eavrov^ eKaarcov oLo/jLevcov to hetvov 'q^euv, aWa hia tcdv
erepcov Kivhvvwv ra eavrwv aa<pa\w'^ o-^i]aeLV oiav
^ovXcovrac,
«6 EIt , oljJLai, o-v/JL/SelSrjKe rot? /Jt^ev TrXrjdecnv, avrt, Trj<i
7ro\Xrj<i Kat aKacpov pa6vfica<; Tr)V eXevOeptav airoXco-
XeKevaty to69 he Trpoeo-rrjKoaL Kai TaXXa irXiqv eav-
Tovi OLO/ievoL<; iTcoXelp, irpcoTov; eavrov^ •weTrpaKoaiv
aucrOeaOat. Avtl yap <^iXwv Kat ^evcov, a Tore covofia-
^ovTO TjVLKa ehcopohoKovv, vvv KoXaKe<; Kau 6eol<=; eyOpOL
47 Kai raXX a iTpocrr^KeL iravr aKOvovauv, Elkotco<; ' ov-
hel<; ycip, CO avhpe'i AdrjpaloL, to tov TrpohthovTO^; avjjb-
(pepov ^r/Tcov ^pr^/xar avaXcaKet,, ovh eireihav oiv av
irpL7)Tai KvpL0<^ yevrjTaCy tm irpohoTrj av/x^ovXa) irepi
TCOV XoiTTOiV eTi -^prJTat • ovheu yap av i]V evhai/iovecne'
pov irpohoTov. AXX OVK ecrrt TavTa, ovk ecTTCv • iroOev ;
JJoXXov ye Kat he?., AXX eireihav tcov wpay/jbaTcov
eyKpaTr)<; o '^tjtmv ap'^eiv KaTaaTrj, Kai tcov TavTa aTTO-
. ^o/juevtjv heaTTOTT]^ ecrrt, ti]v he Trovrjptav eth(o<;, Tore Sr/,
n E P I T O Y 2 1 E $ A N O Y. 17
Tore KOi fjLiael kul airiarel Kai irpoirriXaKL^ei. Atco- 43
Tretre he • Kat yap eo TrapeXijkvOev o rcov Trpajfiarcov
Kaipo^y Tov ye euoevab ra Totavra Kaipo^ aei Trapean
ToU €v (ppovovcTLV. Me')(^pL TOVTOV Aaa6evr)<; (f)i\o<;
covo/jLa^€TO ^tkiiriTov, ko)^ 7rpovB(OK€v 0\vv6ov ' /J'^XP''
rovTov TifjLoKao';, eco? aiTw\eae 6i]l3a<i • f^G^pi' tovtov
EvSiKo^i Kai ^2/jL0<i OL Aapcaaloi, eo)? ©erraXiav viro
^CkLTTTTcp eiron^aav. Elr eXavvofievcov /cat v/Spt^o/jie-
»^ vcov Kai TL KaKov ou^t TraaxpvTCDV iraaa i] oiKov/Jbem)
fxearr) yeyove Trpohorcov. T'l h ApcarpaTO^ eu ^i- i9
Kiwvi, Kai Ti IIepcXao<; ev M6yapoi<; ; Ovk uTreppL/i-
fxevoi ; E^ d)V Kat cracfjeaTar av ra lSol otl o fia-
XiCTTa (pvXarrcov ttjv eavrov irarpiha Kat TrXecara avn-
XeycDV T0UTot9, ovro<; v/ullv, Aia-xi-^li to^? irpohihovGV Kai,
jjLLadapvovcTi to ^yeiv 6(f> bra) BcopoBoKJjaere TrepiTTOieL,
Kat Bi,a TOf? TToXkov^ tovtcovl Kau rou? avOiaTafj^evovi
Tol<^ v/jL€TepoL<i ^ov\n]jJLaaLV uftet? eare aayoL Kat e/jbfjbt-
aOoi ' eireu Bta ye u/z-a? avrov; TraXao av aTroXcoXetre.
Kai, irepi fiev twv Tore irpayO^VTwv g^wv ^t^ iroXXa so
Xeyetv, Kai ravra rjyovfiaL TrXecco roov iKavwv etprjcrdai.
AbTio<i h ovTo^, (oairep ecoXoKpaaiav nva fiov Trj<=; tto-
VTjpla^ ttJ? eavTOv Kat rcov aSLKTj/jbarcov Karacr Kehaaa^j
rjv avayKalov rjv Trpos tou<^ vecorepov^ rcov TreTrpay/jievcov
a'TToXvaaaOai. TlaprjvuiyXr^aOe Be Kau vfiec^ tcro)?, ol,
Kac irpuv e/jue etirelv onouv, eiSoTe^ ttjv tovtov Tore
fMiaOapvlav. KacTOC cj^tXiav ye Kac ^evcav avnjv ovo- 5i
fidget,, Kol vvv elire wov Xeywv, 6 Tr)v AXe^avBpov
18 AHM02eEN0Y2
^eviav ov eihi^wv efiot. Eyo.^' aoi ^evtav AXe^av-
Spov ; TLodev \a(3ovTL rj iro)<i a^icodevri ; Ovre ^i-
Xlttttov ^ei'ov out AXe^avBpov (piXov eiTroifi av eyco ae^
ov^ ovTco fiaLVO/xaL, et fir) kuc tov<; OepLarw; kul toi;?
aWo TL fiicrOov irparTOvra^ (pt\ov<; Kat ^evov^ hel Ka-
52 'kelv rci)i ixiaOwaaixevwv. AW ovk eart ravra • tto-
Oev ; IIoWov ye Kau hel. AWa fJnaOcoTov eyco ae
^CkiTTirov Trporepov Kai vvv AXe^avSpov koXco kcll ovtov
TTcLvre^. El S ciTrcorrel'^, epcorrjaov avTov<; • fiaWov h
eyco TOvO virep aov ironjcra). Tlorepov vfuv, co avSpe<i
AOrjvaloi, SoKel /jbcaOcorof; ALa')(^Lvr]<; rj ^evo^ elvai AXe-
^avhpnv ; — AKOvei<i a Xeyovaiv. 243
53 BovXo/jLaL TOLVVV tjSt] Kau irepi Trj<i ypacprj^; avT7]<;
a7roXoyr]aaa6aL Kau hie^eXOelv ra ireirpayiiev efiavrq),
iva Kaiirep eiOco<; Ai,(j'^iV7]<; ojjlco'^ aKovar), oc a (py/jLt Kat
TovTcov Twv TTpo^e/SovXevfievcov Kat iroXXcp /let^ovcov en
TOVTcov Bcopewv Bt/caco<; elvai rvy^aveiv. Kat /iol Xeye
TTjv ypacprjv avrrjv Xa/Scov.
rPA^H.
54 'EttI XaipcovSou ap-)(OVTOS, 'E\a(f)Tj^okiS)vos ^<Tr] larTa^jLevov, Aia^l-
VT]S ^ATpojjLrjTov Ko6oiKL8T]s aTTT^veyKe npbs top ap)(^oin-a napavopwv
ypa(Pj]v Kara KTT](TL(f)(ovTOS tcv' iiecocrdevovs ^ Ava<p\vaTLOv , on eypayj/c
Trapu.vop.ov \l/r](pi(Tpa, U)S apa Set (TTC^avcaaai ArjpocrdevTjv ArjpocrOivovs
Haiaviea )(pv(TU> crref^dvco, kol avayopevaai ev tu> deciTpoi Atovvcrlois
Tols p.eyci\ois, Tpaycobols Kaivols, otl (rT€(f)avo7 6 drjpos Arjpo-
aSevTjv At] poad evovs Uaiaviea ^pvaco (TT€<pduay dperTJs
€VfKa, Kat evvoias i] s e;^coi/ StareXei ei? tctovs "EXXtj-
uas aTrnvTiis Ka\ rov drjpov rbv ^AOrjvaioiv, Kal dvdpa-
ya6ias, Ka\ ort fitartXet v pdrriov ku^ Xeycof ra SeX-
n E P I T O Y 2 T E 4> A N O Y. 19
Ticrra t w drj jxco Kal tt poBv fio s i crri n o telv o t i av bvvrj-
TUL dy ad 6v, — Trdvra ravra yj/ev^T] ypdyj/as Ka\ Trapdvojjia, rcov v6- 53
fiooif ovK eoiVTojv 7Tpa)T0V fxev yj/evbels ypa<pds els to. ^rjiioaLa ypdupara
KaTat:idWea6^i, eira tov imevdvvov a'T€(f)avovv • ecm be Arjpoadeurjs
TeixoTTOLos Ka\ €itI rw decoptKco reraynevos ' €tl be fif) duayopeveiu tov
114 (rT€(f)avov €v Ta dedrpo) ALowaiois rpuywdcov rrj Kaivf] , aXX' iav }uv
T} l:iuvXrj arecfjavol, ev t& ^ovXevrrjpLO) dueLnelu, edv be rj TToXty, ev
UvKvl ev Tji eKKXrjaia. TipLT^fxa rdXaura nevTTjKOVTa. KXrjTopes. K;;-
(f}iau(Po}v Kr](pi(ro(pcovTos 'Pap.vovaios, KXecov KXeoivos KodtaKibrjs •
'^ A fiev BcwKet rod y^n^c^LajJiaTO'^, co avSpe'^ Adrjvatot, 56
ravr ea-riv. iLyco o air avrcov tovtcov nrpwrov oi/xai,
BrjXov vfjLLv 7rocT](reLV on iravra BcKacco^i airoXoyrjcro/jLai,'
Ti]v yap avTr]v tovtw 7roL7]aa/ji€i/o<i rcov yey pa fijjievcov
ra^iv, irepL iraprcov epw KaO eKaorrov e^e^?}? Kat ovhev
eKwv irapaXeLy^o). Tov fjuev ovv ypay^at,, Trparrovrasr
Kcii Xeyovra ra /S eXr cara fie roi hrniw Bcare-
Xelv Kav TT poOv pbov elvao ttolgIv 6 ti av Bvvco-
fjuau ayaOov, Kai eiraivelv eir l tovtol^, ev rol^
ireTToXiTeu/jLepoi'^ ti]v Kpiaiv elvau vo/jll^co • utto yap tov-
tcov €^eTa^o/jLev(ov evpe6r]aeTai, etre aXrjOfj Trepc efxov
y€ypa<pe K.T7)cri<^cov TavTa Kac TrpoarjKOVTa €lt6 Kau
ylrevSrj. To Be fj,7) Trpoaypa-^avTa, eirecSav Ta<; ev- sa
6vva^ h(a aTe<pavovv, Kao aveiirelv ev Ta> OeaTprp tov
G-Te<^avov KeXevaat, Koivwvelv fiev tp/ovfiac Kat tovto
Tot? 7re7roXcTev/JL€VOi<i, etre a|^to9 et/z-t tov aTecf)avov Kav
T779 avappriaeco<; t^? ev T0VT0i<; euTe Kat jit] • eTi fievTot
Kal TOv<; vo/jLov<; SecKTeov elvat /jloc SoKel KaO ov<i TavTa
ypa(f)eLV e^rjv tovtw* Ovtwctl fiev^ w avBpe<; AOrjvalov,
BiKaico^i Kac dirXo)'^ ttjv airoXoyiav eyvwKa iroielaOai •
^aBioviiai B err avTa a TreirpaKTai, jjlol, Kac fie firj- sa
*20 AHIMO20ENOY2
oet? VTroXa/Sr) airaprav rov Xoyou Tr]<; ypa(f>fj^, eav et?
EW7]vcKa<; 7Tpa^€C<; kuc Xoyov^; efjLTrecrco * o yap Slcokwu
Tov '\lrr](f)C(rfiaTO<^ to Xeyeiv Kat TrparreLV ra apiard fie, 243
Kai, yeypa/j,/jLevo<i ravra &>? ovk aXrjdrj, ovto<; eariv 6
Tou<; irepL diravTwv tcov e/ioo ireirokirevpievcov \oyov<i
OLKELOv^ Kai avayKaiov^ rr) ypacprj TreTTOtTy/cco?. Hjira
Kat TToWcov irpoaipeaewv ovawv ti)^ iroXiTetas tj]v ire pi
ra<i EX\r)viKa<; 7rpa^ei<; eiXopLrju eyw, ucrre icai rw^
a7roBeL^ei<; €k tovtwv 8LKaLo<; eijii iroielaOaL.
60 *"-4 [xev ovv TTpo TOV TToXiTeveaOai Kai hrip/riyopeLV efie
'rrpovXa/Se Kat KaTea")(e ^tXtTTTro?; eaaco ' ovBev yap
rjyovaaL tovtcov elvat, 7rpo<i e/xe • a S acj) ?)? 7]/jLepa<;
ewo TavTa eireaTTjv eyo) hieicwXvOr), TavTa avafivrjcra)
Kai TOVTWV v(f)e^a) Xoyov, ToaovTov VTreLirwv. IlXeo-
veKTTjijLa, (o avSpe<; AOrjvaloi, fxeya virijp^e ^iXLTnrw.
61 Ilapa yap toI<^ EXXrjaiv, ov TLcnv aXX airacnv 6/j,oico<;,
(f>opav TrpoBoTcov Kat SropoBoKcov Kai 6eol^ e^Opcov av-
OpcoTTCov crvve^T} yeveaOai ToaavTi]v oarjv ovheL<^ iray
TTpOTepov pbefivr)Tai yeyovvlav • 01/9 away rov tar a<^ Kat,
crvvepyov<^ Xa/Scov, Kat irpoTepov KaKco<i tov<; EXX7]va<i
€'^ovTa<^ irpo'^ eavTOv^ Kai aTacnaaTiKW'; ert y^elpov
BtedrjKe, tou? /lev e^airaTcov, toI^ Be BlBov<;, tov<; Be
TTuvTa TpoTTOv Biac^OeipcdV, Kai BieaTrjaev et? /^f/3'7
iroXXa, evo<^ tov <TviJi(^epovTO<s cnraa-cv ovto<;, KcoXvetv
62 eKelvov pueyav yiyveaOai. — Ev ToiavTrj Be KaTaaTuaei
Kat eTi ayvoio, tov avviaTa/xevov Kai (pvo/nevov KaKov
rrov d.TravTCOV EXXrjvwv ovtwv, Bel aKoirelv vfia^, co
HEPITOYSTE^ANOY. 2.
avSp€<; AOrjvoLOL, ri irpocrrJKOv r]V ekecrOav irparrecv Kat
TTOtelv Tr]v TToXtv, Kat tovtcov Xoyov irap e/jtou Xa^eiv •
o yap evravOa eavrov ra^a? T779 7ro\LT€ta<; eifii, eyco,
246 Tlorepov avrrjv e-^prji^, Alo-^ivt), to (f^povrj/J-a acpeccrav 63
KOI Tr]v u^iav rrjv avTi]<;, ev ttj ©erraXcov Kat AoXoircov
rd^et, cFvyKOTaKTaaQai ^CkLirirw rrjv twv EWt]V(ov
dpyrjv Kol rd rwv irpoyovcov KoXa Kat BcKata avaipeiv ;
'H TovTO iJbkv fir] TTOielv (heivov yap «? a\7]da)<;), a 8
i(x)pa avfjL._8r)cro/jL€va, eu fiTjSel^; KcoXuaec, Kat irpovaOaveu ,
w<i €0LK6V, €f€ TToXKov, Tavxa TTepLihelv ytyvofjieva ;
AXKci vvv eywye rov /jbaXcara eTrtTtfJicovTa tol<; ire- 64
7rpay/jL6V0L<; 7;3ew? dv epoiixrjv, rrj^; iroia^; /x€ptSo<; ye-
vecrdat rrjv ttoXiv e/SovXer dv, irorepov r?/? crui/atrta?
Twv o-u/jL^efirjKdrcov rot? "EXXrjcn KaKwv Kai aiayjpwVy
r\^ dv ©€TTaXov(; kol tou? fierd tovtcov eLTrot rt?, r] t?;?
TrepcecopaKutaf; TavTa yiyvop^eva e-m ttj t^? tSm? irXeo-
ve^ia^ eXiriSt, ^9 dv ^ApKaBa^; koL MeaarjvLOV^ Kat
*Apy€LOV<; Oeirifxev ; ^AXXa Kat tovtcov ttoXXol, fiaXXov 65
5e 7rdvT6^, X^^ipov tj/jlcov a7r7]XXa')(^cicnv. Kat yap ei fiev
ft)? eKpaTTjcre ^/XtTTTTO? &>%eT ev6eco<^ aincov Kat fxcTa
TavT riyev rjavx^av, fMJjTe tcov avTOV crv/ji/Jiaxoyv fMTjTe
Tcov dXXcov 'EXXr'vcov fMrjSeva fjbrjBev Xvirriaa^, ofico^ r]V
dv Tt? KaTd TCOV ovK evavTLcoOevTcov ok eirpaTTev €K€lvo<;
AteyUA|ri9 Kat KaTTjyopca * et Se 6fjL0ico<; drravTcov to a^ico'
/xa, Ti]V rjye/jLOvcav, Tr]v eXevOeptav TrepiecXeTO, fiaXXov
Be Kal Ta9 TToXtre/a?, dacov rjBvvaTO, ttw? ov^ diravTcov
ivSo^oTaTa v/juel^; e/SovXevcraaOe efjLot 7r6ia6evT6<; ;
22 AHM02eEN0Y2
66 Aw eKelae eiravep-^oixai, Tl rrjv ttoXiv, Aicr'^^^ivrj,
TrpoarjKe iroieiv ap-^rjv kul rvpavviBa tcov EW7]vwv
opwcrav eavTa> KaracrKeva^ofievov ^lXlttttov ; 'i? rt 24:
TOP crv/xpovkov ed€L Xeyecv tj ypacpeiv tov Auf]V7]aLV efie ;
(^Kau yap TOVTO irXeuaTov SiacpepeL,) b? (Tvvrjhetv [xev t/c
TvavTo^ TOV -^povov f^e^pc T^}9 rjijLepa<^ acf) 7)9 avTO<^ eirt
TO (Brjp.a uve/3r]v, aei nrepi TrpcoreLcov Kac rLfJirj'^ Kat Bo^7]<;
aycovL^ofjLevTjv rrjv irarpiha, Kau TrXetco Kai y^pv^fxara Kai
Gtiiybara avaXwKvlav virep (^iXoTtyUia? Kac tcov iraai
crv/jL(p€poPT(ov Tj Tojv aXkcov EXkriVcov virep avTcov ava-
er XcoKacnv eKacTTOi • ecopwv 8 avTov tov ^iXiirirov, irpo^
bv Tjv rj/jLLV aycov, virep ap'y7]<; kul BvvaaT€ca<; tov
o(f)6a\/jLov eK/c€KOfjL/jLevov, TTjv Kkeiv KoreayoTa, tt]v
'X^ecpa, TO <j/ceXo9 Tr^Trripcofievov, ttclv 6 tl ^ovki-jOeLrj
/Ji€po<; Tj Tvyr) TOV cr(i)/iaTO<; irapeXeaOai, tovto paSLO)<;
Kac eT0ifia><; Trpoie/Jbevov, cocrTe tco Xolttco fieTct TL[xrj<^ Kau
•8 oo^7j<; t^Tjv. Kau ijli]v ovhe tovto ye ovhei^ av eiireiv
ToX/jLTjaeiev, 0)9 tm /xev ev IleXX')] Tpa<pevTi, '^copKp
aoo^M Tore ye ovtl Kai jiiKpu), ToaavTrjV /xeyaXoylrvyiav
irpoarjKev eyyeveaOai, wcrre t^9 twv ^EXXrjvcov a/)%^79
(TTiOv/JbrjaaL Kac tovt et9 tov vovv efjL^aXeaOaL, vjmv S'
ovcnv A6r]vaL0L<; Kac KaTci Tt]v 7]/jL€pav e/caaTrjv ev iraai
KiL Xoyot^ Kac 6ecopr]fiaac tyj'^ tcov Trpoyovcov apeTi]<;
UTTOfivrj/xaO opwcri ToaavTTjv KaKtav VTrcip^at, coaTe Trj<;
'TCOV EXXrjvcov eXev6epia<; avTeirayyeXTov^ edeXovia^
irapa-ycitprjaaL ^cXcTTTro). OvB av eU TavTa (f)7]a€Lev.
69 AoLiTov TOLVvv 7]v Kuc avayKolov a/ia, ttclctlv oU CKel
nEPIT0Y2TE*AN0Y 23
1/09 67rpaTT€v ahiKwv vfia'^ evavrcovcrOat oiKat(o<^. Tovr
eiroielre fiev u/xet? e^ ctpx^'^ eLicor(o<^ Kau 7rpo(T7]KovTco<^f
€jpa(f)ov Be Kat avue^ovXevov Kat eyco KaO oi;? eiroXi'
243 Tevo/i7)v y^povov<^. OpioXojco. AXka re ^XP^l^ f^^
7roi€LV ; HStj yap a epcorcj, Travra ra\X a(^eL<^y
Ap,(f)07roXcv, IIvBvav, IIoTcBatav, AXovvrjaov • ovSevo^;
TovTcov pLepLvrjixab • ^eppiov Be Kau AopicrKOV Kai rr]v "'
TleirapriOov iropOrjcnv Kau ha aXXa rotavra r] 7roXi<;
r}OLKr)TO, ovO eu yeyovev oioa. iS^aiTot orv y ecprjaua
fjbe ravra Xeyovra et? e^Opav eji^aXelv tovtovcti, Ev-
jSovXov Kat ApLaTO(j)(x)VTo<; Kat ALoiTeL6ov<^ twv irept
TOVTCOV 'YrjcpLcrfiaTcop ovtcov, ovk ejjiwv, co Xeycov ev^epu)^
o TO av ^ovXrjOf]^;. OvBe vvv irepu toutcov epco. AXX 7
6 T7]v Ev/Socav eicelvo^i a(f)eTepc^o/jLevo<i Kau KaTaaKeva-
^a)V eTriTeixicT/jia eiri, ti]v Attlktiv, /cat, MeyapoL<; eiTL-
'^eipcov, Kat KaTaXapi^avwv flpeov, Kai KaTaaKarrTCOV
UopO/jiov, KOb Ka6iaTa<; ev puev flpew ^tXiaTcBTjv Tvpav-
vov, ev h EpeTpia KXeiTap-^ov, Kctt tov EXXtjo-ttovtov
v(p eavTQ) TTOtof/xez^o?, Kat Bv^avTiov iroXiopKwv, Kai
TroXeL<i ^EXXrjvLBa^; to? /xev avaipcov, et9 ra? Se tov<;
(f)vyaBa<; KaTuycov, iroTepov TavTa iravTa iroiwv rjBiKeL
Kat TrapecnrovBei Kai tXve ti]V eiprjvr]v rj ov ; Kat iro-
Tepov (f)avrjvai Tiva tcjv EXXrjvayv tov TavTa KwXvcrovTa
votelv avTov e^prjv rj jjlt] ; El fjuev yap firj e^prjv, uXXa rs
TTjv Mva(x)V Xecav KaXovfjLevrjv ttjv EXXaBa ovaav o^Orj-
vat, ^u>vTcov Kac ovtcov AQ-qvatcov, irepieipyacrfiai, jjbev
eyco irept tovtcov eiircov, TrepoeipyaaTai. S rj 770X^9 rj
24 AHM02eEN0Y2
ireiaOelaa efioi, ecrrco Se aStKt]/xaTa iravra a ireirpaKrai
Kau a/j,aprr]ij.aTa €/ia. El he eSet tlvu toOtcdv Kcokvrrjv
(f)avrjvat, TLva aXkov i] tov Adipaicov Srjfiov TrpoarjKf 24«
'yeveaOai ; Tavra tolvvv eTroXirevo/irjV eyco, Kau opcov
Karaoovkovfievov iravTa<; av6pw7rov<^ eKelvov ■^vavrcov-
fj^rju, Kac TrpoXeywv Kau BiBaaKcov pLrj irpoieaOai ravra
^iXcTTTTO) BcereXovv.
"^ Kau /jL1]v ti]v €LprjV7}v <y eKeLvo<=; eXvae ra ifkola \a-
^(liv, ov^ 7] TToXi?, Aio-^ivT]. ^ep€ he avra ra -y^T]-
^Lcrfiara Kai ri'iv eTriaroXr/V rijv rov ^lXlttttov, kul
Xeye e^e^?}? • utto yap tovtcov e^eral^o/jLevcov, ra tivo^
ncTio^i earc yevi]aeTaL (^avepov. Aeye.
SC H $ I 2 M A.
Etti ap)(ovTos 'SeoKXeous, firjvos Borj^pofiLaivos, eKK\T](rias crvyKKrj-
rov VTTO (TTparrjycdv, "Ev^ovXos Mvrjcrideov Konpios eiTrev • 'EyrftSi)
npoaip/yeLXau ol arpaTTjyol iv rf) €KK\r)aia, o)s apa AecoBapam-a rov
vavap^ov Kai ra per avrov mroaraXevra crKd(f)Tj f'tKoaiv em rrjv rov
airov TrapaTTOpTrrjv eis F.XXTjCTTToirrov 6 irnpa ^lK'lttttov (rrparTjyos
Apvirras Karayrjoxev els MuKedouiav Kai ev (^vKaKr] e;^ft, €7Tipe\r]0rj'
pai rovs Ttpvrdveis Kol rovs err parity ovs OTTcoy r] ^ov\t] cruva;^^cocrt
54 Ka\ a'lpedoiai npea^eis npos ^iXittttoi/, ol Trapayevopevoi diaXi^ovrai
itpos avrov irepX rov a<pe6rjvai rov vavap)(ov Kai ra TrXoIa Ka\ rovs
€rTpnriu>ras. Kai ei pev di ayvoiav ravra TveTToirjKev 6 ^Apvvras,
OTt ov pepy^npoipel 6 drjpos ovbev avra> • el 8/ ri 7r\rjppeXovvra Tzapa
ra eirea-raApeva Xa/^coi/, on eiriaKeyj/dpevoL \\dqvn7oL emriprjo-ovai
Kara rr^v rrjs o\iyoipias a^iav. Ei he prjherepov rnvrcov earlv, dXX 2'A
ihlq Ti dyvcoixovnuaLV ^ 6 aTToareikas rj 6 aTrearnXpivos, Ka\ rovro
ypdyj/ai Xe'ytij/, iva aladavopevos 6 drjpos (iov\evcrr]rat ri del noie7v.
7t TovTO fjLei> TOLVVV TO i/r7y<^icr/xa Evl3ovXo<; eypayjreVf
ovK eyd), TO S e</)e^i7? ApLaTO(^cov, eW Hyr,a'L7r7ro<},
eiT ApiaTO(f)cov ttclXlv, eWa ^iXoKpnTrj^, eWa K7](pL(T0-
<pcov, eLTa TTaj^re? ol uXXol • eyco o ovoev jrepo tovtwv,
Aiye.
HEPITOYSTE^ANOY. 25
^ H $ I 2 M A.
'Etti NeoKXeou? apxovTo^^ BuT^Spo/iicofoy evrj kol vea, /3ovX^y
yvcoiJLTj, TT^vrdveLS kol crTpaTr)yol exp^lfJ^dnaav to. e< ttJs eKKXrjaias
ii/fvevKovTes, on eSo^e tco ^rjpco TrpealS^is iXeadai Tvpos ^iXimrov
nepl TT]i T(ov irkoicov dvaKopibris ica\ evroXds Bovvai kol to. €K ttjs
€KK\T](TLas yj/rjcpia-ixaTa. Kal elXovTO Tova^e, Kr}(pio-o<po)VTa KXecovos
^Ava(j)XvaTiov^ Ar]p6KpLTov ArjpocpcovTos \\vayvpdaiov, UoXvKpLTOV
^ATTTjpavTov KodaiKibrjv. IlpvTaveia (f)vX7Js 'inTTodooiVTidos, Apiaro-
(pcou KoXvTTevs npuedpos elnev.
"flairep tolvvv eyw ravra Betfcvvco ra '\lrrj(f)L(T/JLaTa, 76
ovTco KOL au Bel^ov, Alax^i^V' '^olov eyco ypd-^a^ -^r^-
(biafia aLTio<; et/xt rov -rroXefJLOv. AW ovk av e%ot9 '
el yap €Lye<;, ovBev av avrov Trporepov vvvi irapeo-^^^ou.
Kal /jLTjv ovB' 6 ^IXltttto^; ovBev alrLarai e/xe virep rov
iroXeiJLOV, erepoi^ ejKaXwv. Aeye 8' avrrjv T7]v eTrcaro-
\r]v rrjv rov ^lXcttttov.
EniSTOAH ^lAinnoY.
Baa-iXevs Ma<e86vo)V ^lXittttos ^Adijuaicov rfj ^ovX^ kol tw drjficp 77
Xaip€LV. JJapayevopevoi TTpo^ e/xe ol nap' vpoov 7r/Jfa-,3eurat, Krjfpi-
o-ocjioiv Kcu ArjpoKpLTOS Kol UoXvKpiTos, ^LfXeyovTO 7re/Ji ttJs t^v
nXoLOju d^ecrecos o)v ei^avapx^t Aaope8cav. Ka/9' oXov p.€v ovv ep-oiye
(paiveade ev jJLfydXrj evvUeLO. ecreadai, el o'UaO'' epe XavOdveiv, on
e^aTTcaTuXr} ravra rd nXola 7rp6(pa(riv fxev as rov alrov rrapanep,-
yj/nura e< rov 'EXXt^o-ttovtov els Arjpvov, ^or]dr)a-ovra Se 7.rjXvp^pLa-
vols rols VTT epou p.ev iroXLopKOvp-ivoLS, ov (rvp7r€pi€LXrjpp.evoLS de ei
rtls rrjs (PiXias KOivrf Keipevais rjpiv crvv6r]Kais. Kai ravra avverdx^rj 75
ru> uavdpxco dvev fieu rov dljpov rov ^AdrjuaLcov, vtto 8e nvoiv dpxdv
T(ov <a\ erepoov Idicorcou p.ev vvv ovroiv, eK iravrbs 8e rpdnov (BovXope-
voiu rov drjpov dvr\ rrjs vvv virapxovarjs npos e'/xe (piXias rov rroXepov
dvnXa!3e7v, noXXco pdXXov cf)iXonpovp€vcov rovro avvrereXeadai t]
To'cs Ir^XvplSpiavoU [3or]6'rj(TaL. Kal vTroXaplBdvovatv avrols ro rotov-
TO irp6(To8ov eaea-daL ■ ov pevroi p.01 8oKel rovro xP^o-ipov vndpxetv
ovd' vplv ovr' epoL. Aidirep rd re ^>vv Karax^ivra irXola npos ^pds
d(pir]pL vplv, Ka\ rov Xolttov, eav iSovXrjade prj eVtrpeVeti/ rots 7rpo6-
c-rrtKoa-iv vp-oiv KaKotjdcos TroXireveo-dai, dXX eTnnpdre, neipaa-cpoi
Kayo) diacpvXdrreiv ri]v elpT']v>]v. Evrvx^lre.
26 AHMOSGENOYS
r9 EvravO ovSafMov Arj/jLoaOevrjv <yeypa(p€v, ovB^ air lav
ovhefjLLav Kar efiov. Tt ttot' ovv rol<; ak\oL<; eytcaXwv
Twv efjLOL ireirpayiievcov ov^t /jLe/jLvrjraL ; "On rcov uBl-
KTjfiaTcov av e^e/JLvrjro rcou aurov, et rt irepl e/xov ye-
jpacf)6 • TovTcov yap CL^ofirjv eyw kol tovtol^ r/vavTiov-
fMTjv. Kac TTpcoTov fiev T7]v 66? TIe\o'7r6vv7](TOv TTpea^elav 2?i
eypayfra, ore irpwrov e/celvo^ el? JJekoTrovvqaov irape-
Sveroy elra rrjv el? Eu^oLav, r/vlfc Ev^ola^ rfTrrero, elra
T7)v €7r flpeov e^oSou, ovKert irpea/Seiav, koI rrjv eU
Eperpuav, eireLhi] rvpavvov; e/cetz^o? ev Tavrai^ ral^^
6() iroXecTi KaT€aT7](7€v. Mera ravra Be Tov<i airoaroXov'^
airavTa^ aireaTeiXa, KaO' o^? Xeppovrjaoi! eawOr) kclI
Bv^avrcov Kac Traz^re? ol av/LL/jia^oi. ^E^ wv vfuv fiev
Ta KaWiara, eiraLvoi, ho^ai, Ttfial, arecpavoi, %«/3i-
T69 irapa twv ev ireirovOoTwy VTrrjp-^ov • rwj^ 3' dSt-
KOVfL€V(ov TOL^ fjLev v/jl2v roT€ iTeiaOelaiv rj acoTr)pia
irepLeyevero, roh S oXtycopricracn to 7roXXaKi<^ a)v vfitL<;
wpoetTrare /xefjivrjadaL, Kai vofii^etv ufxa<^ fii] fiovov €vvov<;
eavroL^;, aXXa Kac <f)poPLfiov<; avOpcoirov^ koI fiavTei^
eivai • TTuvra yap eKJBe^rjKev a TrpoeiTrare.
ei Kat fiTjv on iroXXa [lev av y^pi^jxara eScoKe ^tXiarl-
Br](; coar e^eiv flpeov, iroXXa Be KXelTap-^o<^ war €')(€Lv
Eperpcav, iroXXa h avro^ 6 ^IXLir'iro'i ojare ravO*
inrap-^eiv e(f> v/iaq auno Kat irepi rwv ciXXcov fiijBcv
e^^Xty^eaOao /irjS a ttolwv rjdLKet fM7]Beva e^erdX^LV
iz Travi a')(ov, ovBet^ ayvoel, Kat iravroyv rj/acrra av • 0/ yap
irapa tov KXeirap-^ov Kac rov ^cXicncBov Tore irpeal^f^cfi
nEPITOYSTE^ANOY. 27
Sevp a(f)LKvovfjL€vot irapa aoi KareXvov, Aio-^^iv-q, koI av
irpov^evei<^ avTcov • ov^ i] fiev 7ro\i<; CJ9 €^6pov<; kclI ovre
CLKaca ovT€ (7V[i(^epovTa Xeyovrc; aTrrfKacre, crol 8' rjaav
(f)i\oL. Ov TOLVvv eTrpa^Or) tovtwv ovhev, w fiXao-cpr}-
ucov irepv e/xov Kac Xeycov w? ancoTrco fiev XajScov, /Sow S'
453 cii'aX(i)cra<; ! AXX ov av ye, aXXa l3oa<; /xev eycov,
nravaei he ovheiror , eav fjbr] ere ovroi Travcrwcnv drL/jLco-
(TavT€<; rriiiepov.
^Te(f)avo)(7avrQ)v tolvvv v/jloov efie errl tovtol<; rdre, kclI 83
ypayjravTo^ ApcaroviKOV Ta<; avra^; (rvXXafia<; aairep
ovToai Krr](7t(f)oov vvv yeypa(f)e, Kac avapprjdevTO^; ev rco
Oearpw tov (TTecpavov, kul Bevrepov Kr}pvyfiaTO<; rjhrj /hoc
TovTOv yiyvojievov, ovr avrelirev Ato-^ivr)!; irapcov ovre
TOP eiTTovTa eypa-y^aro. Kai (xoi Xeye kcu tovto to
^ H $ 1 2 M A.
EttI Xaipoivdov 'Hysfxovos apxovTos, TafirjXicovos eKTrj aTnoirros, 84
(fiiiXijs 7rpvTav€vovcrr]9 Aecvridos, ^Apio-ToviKos ^peappios eiTrev •
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XP^iai napea-xrjrai ra 87]pa> rw 'Adrjvaioiv, kol TroXXoiy twv avppd-
Xcov Ka\ TTporepov Koi iv tw Trapovri Kaipa ^e^oi]dT]K€ 810. Ttcv yj/r)-
^lapaToov Kai rivas tcov iv ttj Ev,:ioLa TToXeoiv rjXevdipcoKe, kol Siare-
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OuvrjTai dyaOov imep re aircov 'Adrjvaicov Kai tcov aXXcov ''EXXi'jvcov,
oefJ 'i^^aL rrj jSovXtj Kai rep Sr}/ift) rat ^Adrjvaicov enaLvecraL A-qpoaOivqv
C^-qpoaOevovs Haiavua Kai (rrecjiavcocraL ;^pu<70) crreipdvcp, Kai dvayo-
pevaaL tov a-T€(pavov iv rat Sedrpco Alowctiols, rpaycodols Kaivois ' Ttjs
oe avayopevaews tov (rTe(f)dvov iTTLpeXrjCrjvai 1 f]v Trpvravevovcrav i>v-
f254 Xr)v Kai tov dycovoBeTqv. Elttcv 'ApiarovcKOs ^pedppios.
EaTLv ovv ocrTL<; vfJLwv olSe Tiva aca'^vvTjv rrj iroXet 85
av/jL^aaav hia tovto to 'y^ri<^iapLa ?; ^(Xevaa/xov rj yeXco-
28 AHMOSeENOYS
ra, a vvv ovto<; ecf)?) au/jLl3r,aea6aL, €av eyo) (T7 6(f)av(Z
fjbat ; KaL fxijv orav fj vea kul yva)pi/.ia Tram ra
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0)9 eT€pco<;, TL/jLcopta'^. ^Paivofxai tolvvv eyco '^apirof;
TeTv^r)K03<^ rore, Kac ou yu-e/xyeo)? ovde TL/jL(opia<;.
86 OvKOvu l^e'^pi piev rrjov '^(^povwv eKetvcov ev oU ravr
€7rpa^U7j, 7ravTa<; avcopLoXoyrjpLat tou<; y^povov<^ ra aptara
TrpuTTetv TT) TToXeo, Tcp VLKCiv, or efSovkeveaOe, Xeywv
Kai ypa(pci)v, ru) KaraiTpayOrivai ra ypac^evra Kau are-
<j)avov<; e^ avrcov rrj iroXec /cat e/xot kuc nraaLV vpLcp
yevea-Oaty to) 6v(7ia<; rol^ Oeol<; Kau izpoaohov^; w? aya-
dwv Tovrcov ovTcov vpLa<; 7r€7roi7Ja6ai.
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TOc<i fiep ovrXot? vcf) vpiwv, rrj Be iroXireia kul rot? a//"^-
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avpipLa-^Lav TreTTOLYjaOai, XeyovT€<i aXrjOi}, -^apaKco/ia
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if: eTToXiopKei. Tovrcov 8e yiyvopuevoyv, b n puev TrpoarJKe
rroieiv vpLa<i ovKer epwrriao) * hrjXov yap eanv arraaiv, 2r.3
AXX(L ra yv f3oy]6i,aa^ roL<; Bv^avrioL<^ Km a(Daa<^
avTov^ ; Tt<s o KO}Xuaa<i rov EXXy,cT7rovTov uXXorpvoy-
IIEPIT0Y2TE*AN0Y. 29
6P]vai Kar 6K€ivov<; rou<; ')(^p6vov^ ; Tfi6i<;, co apBp6<;
AOqvaloL. To S' vfi€l<^ orav Xeyco, rijv itoXlu Xeyco,
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dirXw^ eavTOV et? ret Trpay/xara a(^et8co? BcBovi ; Ejco,
^AWa fjLijv 7j\i/ca ravra axpeXTjaev a7ravTa<=;, ovKei* 59
e/c Tov Xoyov Bel fiaOelv, aXX ^pjw TreireipaaOe • yap
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(l>dvov<; KaL tov<; tcov UepivOLCoVy ol^ eaTecf)avovv €fc
TOVTCOV TTjV TToXiV.
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*£7rt Upofjii/d^ovos Bo(77ropt;^co AaiidyTjros iv to. ciXla eXe^fy, €K 90
ras /ScoXas- XalBuiv pi]Tpav • 'ETieiSi) o 8dpos 6 \\drjvaLo>v, ev re toIs
7rpnyevop.€Vois Kaipo7s evvoecov SiareXfl Bv^avTLOis koI roi? avppd)(ois
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€v re TU) napecTTaKOTi Kaipco ^lXlttttco too ^laKedovos €7TicrTpaTevaavTos
CTTi rav ^apav Koi rav ttoXlv iir avaardad Bv^avTicov kolX HepiudioiV
16 Koi Tciv x^pav SaiovTos koi devbpoKoniovros, ^oT]dj](ras ttXolois tKiirov
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ptydXcov KLvbvvoiv Kai diroKaTecrTacre rav Trdrpiov noXiTeiav Koi toos
v6pu)S Kai TOiS ra(^cos, S«Sd;)(^ai t(d ddpco rco Bv^avriiov koi YlepivBloiV 91
*A6rjvaiois dopev eTTiyaplav, TroX/ret'ai', ey<Taaiv yds Ka\ oiKidv^ npoC'
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ras iv to, 'EXXaSt Travrjyvpias, "ladp-ia Kai Ne/xea Kai ^OXvp.nia <al
3*
30 AHMOSGENOYS
Tlvaia, Km avaKapv^nt rcoj (TTe(f)dvu>s cos faT(<pducDraL 6 dafios 6
ABrjvaioiv v(f)' fj/jLcov, ottojs eTTtcrrecoi/Tai ol "EXXavey Trdurei ^Adr]vai(jov
aperav Koi tciv Bv^avricov ncu HepivBioov €v^api<7Tiav.
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^H$I2MA XEPP0NH2ITQN.
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TTfKuvvrjaov arecpavovcTLV Adrjvaioiv ttjv ^ovXfjv koI tov d^fxov )(pv(ra
a~ ^(pava> utto TokdvToiV e^rjKovTa, Koi •)(dpiTos ^cop-ou IdpvovraL koi
bvipov Adrjvalcov, otl TrdvTcov peyiarov dyaQoiV napaiTios yeyove
XippovqaiTais, e^fXopevos £K ttjs ^iXi'ttttov koi dnodovs tcis TrarpidaSy
Tovs vopovs, Trjv eXevBfpiav, to. Upd. Ka\ ev tco pern Taira ala>vi 257
TTavTL ovK eXXei\^et fv^npiaroov Kai ttoicov o ti av dvurjrai dyadov
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93 OvKOVv ov fJLovov TO Xeppovrjaov Kai Bv^uvtlov croy
craiy ovSe to KcoXvaai tov EWr.airovTov vtTj ^i\i7nr(0
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7} irpoaipeai^ rj €fir) Kai y TroXiTeca hterrpa^aTO, aWa
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VTTO iravTcov, ov tl yevoiT av ata^toi^ t) paapcoTepov ;
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€K€tvoi<; €iKOTO)^ iTEpi o)v r)yvcop,ovi^K€crav et? vp,a(; ev tol(;
e/jLTrpoaOe y^povoi';, ov pLovov ov pivrjaiKaKovvTe^ ovhe
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veoOe • e^ mv Bo^av, evvoiav, TipLi]V irapa ttuvtcov
eKTaade. Kai fjL7)v OTi pev iroXXov; eaTecjyavcoKaT r/Br}
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Tj TToXi? eaTecpavfDTai, avp/SovXov Xeyco Kai pi^Topa,
irX7]v Ci ejxe, ovo av et? enreiv fc%ot.
nEPIT0Y2TE«I>AN0Y. 31
"Iva Toivvv Kol ra? l3Xaa(f)T]fJLLa<; a? Kara rwv Ev 9&
^oecou KCLL Twv Bv^avTLWV eiroiriaaTO, ei n Sfo-^epe?
avToh eireirpaKTO irpo^ v/ia^ viTo^ifivr]aKwv, avKOc^av
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el ra /jloXlctt r/aav akrjOeh, outo)? &)? eyoi ice-)(^pT]^ai
TuU TTpajfjiao-L (TV/jLcpepetv '^^p-qaaadai, ev 7; Svo jBovXo-
fiai Tcop KaO^ v/ia<i TreTrpay/jievcov KaXcov rrj iroXei ote-
'"'3 ^eXOelv, Kal ravr ev Ppax^cr^v. Kai yap avSpa ihta
Kol TToXcv Koivrj TTpo? TCI KuXXtaia T(i)v vTrapxovTcov aec
Bel ireipaaOau ra Xoiira irpaTTeiv.
'Tfiel^ Tolvvv, w avSpe<; ^ A6r]va'ioi, AaKeBaifiovlcov yrj<; 9i
Kol OaXcLTTT]^ apxovTwv Kai TCI kvkXw t^? Attckt}^
KaT^yovTcov dpixoarah Kal ^povpah, EvjSotav, Tava-
ypav, TTjV BotcoTcav airaaav, Meyapa, Alyivav, KXeco-
vci<;, Ta^ dXXa<; vrjaov^, ov vav^, ov Teixv '^V^ iroXew^
Tore KeKTTjfjLevr]^, e^r{X6eTe el? 'AxlapTov Kac ttoXlv ov
TToWat? rjfjLepat^ varepov et? KopivOov, twv Tore AOtj-
valcDV TToXX' av expvrwv fivrjaLKaKYjaai Kai Kopiv6iOi<;
Kal Orj^aioi^ twv irepl tov AeKeXencov iroXefMov irpa-
yOevTcov • dXX' ovk eiroiovv tovto, ov8' eyyt'?. Kairoi ^J
t6-€ Tavra dfjccpoTepa, Alax^^r], ov9' virep evepyeTcov
^oiovv OUT dKivBvva zdOpcov. AXX ov Oia ravra
N ,/ '1'' ''N^'''^
TTpoeiVTO Tou? KaTa(pevyovTa<; ecp eavrov^i, aXX virep
evSo^la^ Kal Ttixrf^ rjOeXov roh BeivoU avTov^ hihovai,
opOoi^ Kal KoXco^ iSovXevofievGi,. IIepa<i fiev yap airaaiv
dvdpCOTTOLS CO-tI tov jSlOV OchaTO^, KaV ev OiKiaKCp Tt9
32 AHMOSGENOYS
avrov Ka6eip^a<^ Typjj • Set Be rof? ayadov; avhpa<i
ey^€Lp€LV fjuev airaaiv act rol^ KaXol<^y Tr]v ayadrjv irpo-
SaWo/j.6vov<i eXircBa, cf)ep€tv S o tl av o Oeo^ BlSo)
yevvaLw^.
98 TavT eTTOLOvv OL vfjierepoi Trpoyovoi, ravO v/jlcov oc
irpea^vrepoi, oi, AaKehaiixovtovs ov (pLXov<; ovTa<^ ovh
evepyeraf;, aWa TroWa rr]v rroXtv rjpbwv rjSLK7]K0Ta<; Kai,
/jueyaXa, eireiSr) Oij/Baloc KpaTi]a-avTe<^ ev AevKTpot<; ave-
\€LV eire-^eLpovv, BteKcoXvcrare, ov (^o(3r)6evT€<; rrjv Tore 259
Gr}^acoi<; p(t)fi7]v Kac Bo^av VTrap-^ovcrav, ovB virep ota
TreTToiTjKOTcov avdpcoTTcov KivBuvevaere BioXoyiaa/ievoi,,
99 Kat yap rot Tracrc toI^ EWr](TCV ehei^are eic tovtcov
OTL, KCLV OTLOVV Tl<i 6t? fyLta? e^a/XapTT), TOVTCOV TTJV OpyrjV
649 ToXka €^€T6, hv h vTvep acoTTjpia^ rj eXevOepia^
KLvhvVO<^ Ti^ aVTOV^ KaTOkafji^aVT], 0VT€ fivr]aLKaKr,<T6T6
ovO VTroXoyielaOe. Kat ovk eirt tovtcov fiovov ovTco<i
ea^riKaTe, aXXa ttuXiv acpeTepil^ofMevcov QrjfBaLwv Trjv
Ev^oiav ov TreptecSeTe, ovB ojv virc ©efiLawvo'^ Kai
©eoBcopov TT€pL flpcjTTOv ■ijBiKTjaOe avefJLvr^aOrjTe, aXX
e^or)6riaaT€ kul tovtol^, tcov eOeXovTcov tot€ Tptrjpap-^wv
TTpwTov yevofievcov ttj iroXei, cov et? rjv eycD. ^AXX*
«> ovTTO) Trepc tovtcov. Kultol KaXov /xev eTroiTjaaTe Kau
TO GcoaaL TTjv VTjcrov, TToXXo) B ETC TOVTOV kuXXlov to
KaTaaTavT6<; KvptOL Kac twz/ acofiaTcov Kat tcov iroXecov
UTToBovvac TavTa BLKaLco<; avTol<^ to2<; e^rj ixapTrjKoaiv et?
VfjLa<;, fM7]Bev cov 7)BcK7]aO€ ev ot? eTriaTevOrjTe viroXoyf
aafievoL. Mvpta tolvvv €Tepa ecTrelv e^rov irapaXetTrco,
nEPIT0Y2TE*AN0Y. 33
vvi,a<^ Kau vvv ecp vficDV avrcov, a<; a7raaa<; rj TToAt? T779
Tcov aWcov eW^' 'EWtjvcoi^ eXevdepiaf; Kau acorrjpia^i
TreTTOLrjraL.
EIt eyco redecoprjKco'i ev roaovroL^ Kau tolovtol^ tijv :q
itoXlv virep tcov rol^i a\Xoc<i av/xcpepoPTcoi' eOeXovaav
aycDi^L^eadai, inrep avri]^ rpoirov tlvu to)^ /SouXrj'^ ovarj^!
'L ejieXkov KeXevaeLV rj tl aufifSovXevcreLP avrrj Troieiv ;
MvrjaiKaKelv vi) Ala Trpo? rof? /SovXofxevov^ crco^eadat,
2C0 Kai 7rpo(f)aa€L(; ^rjrelv Be a? airavTa TrpoTjaofieOa. Kai
Ti? ovK av aireKTeive fi€ SLKaLCO<^, et n tcov virap-^^^ovrcov
rrj TToXec KaXwv Xoyw fiouov KaTaLa')(yvei,v e7re-^€ip7]cr
av ; Eirel to ye epyov ovk av eiroLT]aa6 vfjLel'^t cLKpi-
/3a»? olB^ eyci) • et, yap rj^ovXeaOe, tl r]v e/jLTroScov ; Ov/c
e^rjv ; Ov^ vTrrlp-^ov ol TavT epovvTC^ ovroi ;
BovXo/xaL TOivvv eiraveXdelv ecf) a tovtcov e^?}? eiro- 10a
\ct€vo/jlt]V • Kai aKOTreuTe ev TovTOi<^ iraXiv av tl to ttj
iToXeL ^eXTLdTOV rjv. Opcdv yap, (o avBp€<i AOrjvaLOL,
TO vavTLKOV v/jlcov KaTaXvo/xevov, kul tou? /xev irKovaLOv^
aTcXel^ aiTO fiiKpwv avaXco/naTcov yLyvo/jLepov<;, tov<; Be
fieTpia 7) fiLfcpa KeKTrjfxevovf; twv ttoXltcov tu ovTa
a'7roXXvvTa<;, ctl B vaTepL^ovaav etc tovtcov tijv ttoXlv
TCOV Kaipwv, edrjKa vo/iov Kad ov tou? fiev tu Bt/caLa
TTOieLV rjvay/caa-a, Tov<i 7rXovcrLov<;, Tov<i oe TrevvTaf;
eTrava uBLicoviievov^, ty) iroXeL B oirep r]V y^p'qo-LfJiCJTa-'
'^pv, ev KaLpcp yLyveaOaL Ta<; 7rapaaKeva<; eiroLrjaa. Kai V'i
ypa(peL^ tov aycova tovtov et? v/Jia<; eLarjXuov KaL uTre-
^ AHMOSeENOYS
(pvyov, Kai TO fiepo'^ rwv ■\lrri<pcov o Siwkwv ovk eka^ev.
KatTOL TTOcra '^prj/jbara tov^ iijefLova^; roov avfi/JLopLonv rj
Tov<; 6evT€pou(; Kat toltov^; oieaOe fiot SiBovai, ware
/jLuXiara fiev jjli] Oelvai top vojjlov tovtov, €l oe /jlt],
.04 Kara^aXovra eav ev vTrcofioaia ; Tocravr , co avhp€<;
AOrjvaLOL, baa 0Kpr]aacfjL av irpo^ vfia<; enrelv. Kac
rxvT eLKorco^i eTrparrov eKelvoL. *Hv yap avTo2<; ek /xev
iwv TTporepcov vopLwv crvveKKaiheKa Xetrovpyelv, avToU
fiev /jLLfcpa Kat ovoev avaXLaKOvai, rof? o a7ropov<^ rwv
itoXltwv einrpL^ovaiv • eic he rov epuov vo/xov to yiyvo- 28
fxevov KaTa Trjv ovaiav eKaaTov TcOevai, Kac cvolv e^avrj
TpLTjpap'^o^; 6 T?;? yLtta? e/cTo? KaL heKaT0<^ irpoTepov
(TVVTeXr]<; • ovhe yap Tpi'r]pap-)(ov'^ ert covofia^ov eauroi;?,
aXXa avvT€Xel<i. ' flaTe Br) TavTa XvOrjvac /cac firj ra
hiicaia TTOtelv avay/cacrOrjvaL, ovk, ead 6 tl ovk eScSoaav.
105 Kal pLOL Xeye rrpwTOV /xeu to -y^r^c^Lcrpia KaB o etarjXOov
TTiv ypa(f)rjv, eha rof? KaTaXoyov^, top t €K tov Trpo-
repov vopLOv kul tov KaTa tov e/xov. /leye.
^ H $ I 2 M A.
*E7rl apxovTOi IToXu/cX/ouf, fxr)vos BoTj^pofiLcovos cktij eVt SeVa,
(^uAT/f TrfyvTciufvovarj^'lTTTToSncovTi^os, A-q^oadevrjs Arjpoadtvovs Udui-
vievs (IrrrjveyKf ro/^toi/ rpirjpapxiKov dvrl tov npoTepov, Ka6 ov al
avuTiXeLin i-jaav roiv rpir]pdp)(u>u ■ kcu enexfipoTovrjo-ev 7] /^oiA/; kci]
6 driixos • K(u UTTi^vfyKf rzapnvnpcov Aijpnadtvei Ilarpo/cX^f <l>Xifty,
Ku\ Tu pipo\; Tcov yj/i'iCpcov nv \(ij:ia)v cmeTiae ray nevTaKoaias dpa\p.di
06
^epe S>] Kai tov KaXov KaTaXoyov.
K A T A A O r O 2.
Tovs Tpirjpdpxovs KaXucrdm eVi rrju TpLijpr] avv€KKcu^(Ka eK tcov €>
n E P I T O Y 2 T E $ A N O Y. 35
rots \6)(ois (TUPTeXeicov, arro etKoai Kal nevre iratv els reTrapaKOVTOy
fin Lcrov TTj ^opTjylq y^pcopevovs,
^epe Br} Trapa tovtov tov €k rov efiov vofiov Kard-
Xoyov,
KATAAOrOS.
Jfi2 Tovs rpirjpapxovs uipeladai eVt ttjv Tpirjprj airo rrjs oicTLas Kara
TifjLT}(riv, OTTO ToXdirrcav deKa • eav 8e Tr^etovcov t) ovaia aTTOTiTipr]-
^f"'; JJ XP^M-^'''^^f Kara tov avakoyia-pov ecoy rpicov ttXoicoi/ Ka\ vtt']'
pfTiKov T) \eLTovpyia €(jtu>. Kara ttjv avTi)u de avaXoyiav ecrra) Koi
ois ikaTTcov ovaia ecrrl tCov 8iKa raXdirroiv, els (TuvreXeLau cruvayo-
lievois els to. 8eKa ToXaura.
Apa ye fiLKpa ^oTjOrjcrac to?<; irevrjaLV v/icov Sofco), lO'
rj fJLLKpa avaXcoaac av rov p.!] ra BcKaca iroielv ol ttXov-
acoL ; Ov TOLVVV p.ovov too p,i] Ka6v(f)6Lvat ravra
<Tepvvvop,ai, ovBe ray ypa(f>€L<; airoc^vyelv, uXXa koI too
'^v/.tcj^epovra deivai rov vop-ov Kai T(p irelpav epjtp SeSco-
Kevai. Tlavra yap tov Ti oXe/nov rcov airoaroXcov yiyvo
fievcdv Kara rov vopov tov epov, ov^ LKerrjpiav eOrjKe
Tptripap-^o<i OfSei? ttcottoO &>? ahiKoup^evo^ Trap vplv,
ovK, €v Movvu^ia eKaOe^ero, ou^ viro tcdv airoaToXecov
eoeOrj, ov Tpu,p7](; ovr e^co KaraXi-jc^Oelaa aTTwXeTo ttj
TToXet, ovr avrou aTreXeicpdi] ov Bvvap,€vrj avayeaOai.
Js^aiTOL Kara rou? Trporepov^ vopLOv<^ airavra ravra los
eytyvero. To S aiTLOv, ev tol^; Trevrjcrtv r]V to XeiTOvp-
yeiv • TToXXa Si] ra ahvvara avve/Bacvev. Eyo) S' €k
T(oi airopwv ei? tov^ evTropov<^ fierr-veyKa Ta<i TpL-qpap-
X^(^^ ' TTuvT ovv Ta Seovra eyiyveTO. Kal p.r;v Kal
KaT avTo Tovro a^Lo<^ ecp^v eiraLVov Tv^etv, otl rrcivra
Ta Totatra 7rpor]povp,r]v iroXuTevp^aTa acf) oiv apa ho^ai
36 AHMOSGENOYS
Kai TL/jiai, Kau Svvafiet^ crvve^aivov ry iroXei ' (Sao-fcavov 263
06 Kai TTLKpov Kai KaKOTjoe'^ ovoev ean Troxtrevfia efiov,
109 ovhe rairetvov, ovBe r?}? TroXew? ava^iov. T-^vro tolvvv
?;C70? e-^cov ev re tol^^ Kara ti]v ttoXlv TroXLTev/xaaL Kau
ev Tol<; EXXr]VLKol<; (pavrjao/xac * ovre yap ev rrj TroXec
ra'; Trapa tcov TrXovaccov '^apiTa<^ fiaXXov rj ra rcov
iroXXcov BcKaca eiXo/jL7]v, ovr ev rot? EXXtjvlkoI^ tu
^CXcTTTTOV Bcopa Kai TTjV ^eviav r^yaTrrjaa avri rcov kolvt)
iraai rot? EXXrjai GviK^epovrwv.
.10 Hyou/xai tolvvv Xolttov elvat /loo irepi rov Krjpvy/jia-
TO? eiTreiv Kai toov evovvoov ' ro yap o)? ra apiara re
eirparrov Kai hia iravro^; evvov<^ et/xc Kau irpo-
6vfjL0^ ev TTOLelv vjxa^ iKavcio^ e/c rwi^ ecpTjfievcov Be-
BrjXwadai jxoi vo/xl^co. Katrot, ra /xeyiara ye rcoh
TreTToXtrevfievcov Kat Tre'jrpay/jLevcov efjuavro) ,7rapaXei7Tco,
vTToXa/jL^avcov irpwrov /lev e(f)e^rj<^ rov^ irepu avTOv rov
irapavofiov Xoyov^ uiroBovvai /xe Belv, elra, kclv /x7]Bev
iLTTco irept rcov Xolttcov TroXirev/xarcov, op-oi(o<; rrap v/xcov
eKuarcp ro cruz^eiSo? virap-y^ecv /xot.
M Tcov fxev ovv Xoyo)v ob? ovto<; avco Kai Kara) BtaKVKcov
eXeye Trepc rcov rrapayeypa/xfievcov vo/xcov, ovre fxa rov<;
0eov<i oljxat vfxa^ /xav6avetv, ovr avro^ r)Buva/xr)v avvel-
vai rov<; 7roXXov<; ' a7rXco<; Be ri]V op6}]V irepi rcov
BiKaiwv BtaXe^o/xai. Tocrovrov yap Beo) Xeyecv co? ovk
eLf-LL v7r€vdvvo<;, o vvv outo? Bie/3aXXe Kat Bicopi^ero,
(oaO arravra rov /Slov v7rev6vvo<; elvai o/xoXoyco d>v i]
^aKe^eiptKa rj TreTroXirev/xac Trap vjxlv. Slv /xevrot ye
nEPITOYSTE^ANOY. 37
tf/c T?;? tS/a? ovcTLa^ eTrayyeiXa/jbevo^; BeScofca tm ori[iw,
ovBe/jilav Yjfiepav viTeu6vvo<; elvau (f^rj/jLC, (^aKOvet^; Alo-)(^l-
264 1^77 ;) ou8' aXKov ovBeva, ovB' av rwv evvea ap-^ovTwv
Tt? oiv Tv^T). Ti<^ yap eari lofio^; Toaavrr]^ ahiKia^: Kai
^icravOpwTTLa^i fiearo^, cocrre tov hovra rt, rcov lBicov Kai
iroiriaavra irpayjia cf) cXav 6 p coir ov Kai (f)LXoBcopov tt}?
^a/3tT09 fiev aTTocrrepelv, et9 tov<; avKO^uvTa<; h ayeuv,
Kcii rovTOV^ eiTL ra<; ev6vva<^ d)v eBcoKev €cf)tcrTavaL ;
OvBe ef?. El Be (prjcnv ovro'^, Bei^arco, Kuyco crrep^co
Kat (TLCDTrrjao/JLau
Aw ov/c eariv, co avBpe<; AOrjvalot, aXk ovto<; 113
av/co(j)avT(i)i', ore errc Ta> OecopLKo) Tore o)V eireBwKa ra
'^prj/iaray eTrrjvea-ev avrov (prjcnv rj ^ovXrj virev-
Ovvov bvra. Ov irepu tovtcov ye ovBevo<i cov v7revdvvo<i
rjv, aXX ecj) ot? eireBcoKa, co avKo^avra. AWa Kai
Teiy^oiro io<^ rjcrOa, ^rjcriv. Kac Blu ye tovto op6(£><;
€7r7]vovfirjv, otl ravrfKcofieva eireoco/ca Kau ovk eXoyL^o-
/jLr)v. O jiev yap \oyta/jLC<; evdvvwv Kau rcov e^eraaovTcav
TrpoaBelrai, i] Be Bcopea ^aptro? Kac eTraivov BiKata eari
Tvy-^avecv ' Biorrep ravr eypa^jrev oBl irepu e/xov. On 111
ovTO) ravra ov /lovov ev tol^ voiioc<i, aWa Kat ev
TOL<i vfierepoL^; yOecrtv copiarai, eyco paBLa}<; iroWa-^odev
Bei^cD. UpcDTov jiev yap NavaiK\rj<^ arpari^ycDv, e(p ot?
UTTO TOJV lBlwv TTpoetTO TToXXa/ct? eaTe(f)avcDTai vcf) v/j-cov •
eiu ore ra^; aaiTLoa^ nioTLfio<; eocoKe Kau iraXiv Aapto?;-
fjLO^, eaT€<pavovvTo • eW ovroac Neo7rToXe/io<;, ttoXXcov
epycov eirLaTaTTjf; cov, ecf) ot9 eireBcoKe reTifnjTai. ^X^'
4
38 AHMOSeENOYS
rXiov yap av euTj tovto ye, el rm rtva ap^qv ap'^ovrt fj
OLOovaL rrj TroXec rn eavrov Bca rrjv apx^v firj efecrrat,
7] Tcov BoOevTcov dvrl rod Kop^lcracrOat ^a/jzz^ evOuvaq
15 v(l)€^et. 'On TOivvv ravr dXrjdrj Xeyco, Xeye ra 2M
\jn](f)tcrp,aTa jaot ra tovtol^ yeyevrjfjueva avra Xa^cjv,
Aeye,
^ H $ I 2 M A.
"Apxcov ^TjfxouiKOS ^'Svevs, Bor]8pn^iS)vos eKTij per dKaSa, yvaprj
^ovX^S Koi drjiMOV, KaXXias ^pedppios einev, on doKel ttj ^ov\^ koI
TO) drji^co (rTe(puv(oa-ai NavcTLK'Xea rov enl tcou oTrkoiv, on 'AdrjvaioiV
ottXltcov diaxi^iooi^ ovtcov eu "lpl3p(o Kal ^orjdovvToiv tois KaroiKovaiv
ABijvaicov rfjv vrjaov^ ov dvvapevov ^iXcoVoy rov en] Tijs 8LoiKr](T€cos
Kex^tpoTOVT]p€vov 8ia tovs x^'-IJ-^^^^^ nXevaai kol piadodoriicrcu rovs
OTrXtray, €K ttjs I8ias ov(rias e8(oK€ kciI ovk elcTiTrpa^e tuv drjpou, Kal
avayopevaai tov aTi(pauov Aiovvalois rpayoidols Kaivols.
*ETEPON ^H$I2MA.
116 EiTTf KaXX/a? ^pedppios, Trpyrdvecov 'Keyovrav ^ovX^s yvmpr} •
E-rreidrj Xapidijpos 6 eVt twv ottXito)!^, aTrocrTaXfis els 2akapiva, Kal
Atonpos 6 eTTt twv imrecov^ iv ttj cnl tov noTapov ^idxj) tcov crTpa-
Ttcorwi/ nvoov vno twu TroXepicov crKvXfvdfVTcov, ck twv Idicov duaX<o-
pdTMV KadatTrXia-av tovs veaviaKovs da-Triaiv OKTaKoa-iai^^ dedoxBai ttJ
^ovXt] Kal T<u 8f]pa) a-Tf(f)avu>o-(u Xapldqpov Kal AuWipov XP^^^
aT((f)av(a Kal dvayopfvcrai. UauadrjvaioLS toIs peydXois iv Toi yvpviKUi
aycoui Ka. Aiovv(tlois Tpayco^ols Kaivols • ttjs be duayopevaeois eiripe-
Xrjdrjvai BfapodtTas, TipvTaveis, dycovodeTas. jf;j
7 TovTwv €KacrTO<;, Aia-^ivr], T',79 jiiep - dp'^rj'i r}<i rjp^ev
virevdwo^ r)v, e</) oi? 8' earecjyavovTO ov^ vTrevOvvo^.
OuKOVP ovB eyu) • ravra yap hUaui earl poi irepl tmp
avToyv ToU aXXoL<; hr^irov. 'E7re8o)Ka • eTraLvou/iat Bia
ravra, ovk o)V mv eireScoKa virevOvvo^. 'Hpyov • koI
CeBcoKa ye evOvva^ eicelvwv, ouy uv eTrehcoica. Nt] AC,
nEPITOYSTE^ANOY. 39
a\\' dSiKQ)^ r}p^a • eh a Trapwv, ore fie elarjjov oi Xo-
r^Laraiy ov Karrjjopet^ ;
"Iva TOLVvv elhriie on avrb^ ovto<; fjLOi fxaprvpei ecp us
oh ovy v7r€v6vvo<; rjv earecpavcoo-dat, Xa^wv ava^voyvu
ro yjrri(picr/ia oXov to jpa(f>ev fjuot. Oh yap ovk ejpa-
yjraTO rov Trpo/SovXevixaro^, tov70l<; a BtcoKeL avKocpav
Twv <j)avT]a6TaL. Aeye.
* H * I 2 M A.
'Etti apxovTos 'EvdvK\€0V9y UvaveylriZvos evarrj amovro^^ (fyvXrjs m
irpvTavfvov(n]s Olvrjidos, KrqaicPcov Afcoadevovs 'Ava(p\v(rTLos einev •
'E7reiSi7 ArnMoo-diVJjs ArjfioaO^vovs Uaiavievs yevofievos i-m^eXrjT^S
TTj? Toiv Tdxoiv (TTio-Kevris KOI npoaavoXoicras (is ra epya qtto ttjs
Idias ovaias rpla ToXavra enedaxe raiira rco dr'jpco, Koi eVi tov ^fcu-
piKou Karaa-radds eiredcoKf to7s €K naacou rutv (pvXwv Beo)piKo7s
UaTOV fjivas els Ovaias, fieSo'x^at rfj (BovX^ koI ra 8i7/:ia) T<i 'Adr^vaicou
iiraivio-ai ArjpiocrOtuTjv Ar^p-ocrdivovs UaiavLa, dpeTrjs fveKa Ka\ (caXo-
KayaO'ias rjs ^x^^ buiTeXd eV Travri Kaipco els tov fi^/xoz/ tov 'AOtj-
vaio}v, Kcil (TTe<f)av(o(rat. XP^^^ OTe^ai/w, Koi dvayopevaai tov aTecfia-
K7 vov iv TU) deaTpo) Aiowaiois Tpaycodols kulvoXs ' r^? 6e avayopevaecas
€mixe\T]6?ivai tov dyaivodeTTjv.
OvKOVp a /JL€V eireBcoKa, ravr earlv, (ov ovBev av
ryeypayfrac ' a Be (prjaLV rj ^ovXr) Belv avri rovrcov ye-
veaOai fjLoi,, ravr eaO^ a Sico/cet?. To Xa/Setv ovv ra
BiBo/xeva 6/jLoXoya)v evvojiov elvai, to x^P''^ tovtcov airo-
Bovvai irapavoixwv ypacpj}' 'O Be TrafiTrovrjpo^; auOpwiro^
Kol $€oU e'xOpo'i Kol l3d<7Kavo<; ovT(D<; irolo'i rt9 av eLTj
TTjOo? Oecov ; Ov^ o tolovto^ ;
Kol /jLrjV irepl tov y ev rw OeaTpo) KrjpvTTeaOai, to lai
fjiev fjLvpLdKL<; fivptov<! KeKrjpvxPai rrrapaXecTTco Kau to
ToXXciKL'^ avToq ea-TecpavwaOac irpoTepov, AXXa TrpoQ
40 AHM02eEN0Y2
uewv ovTco (TKaLo<; el kcll avaLa6r}ro<^, Ala'^ivy, ojar ov
ovvaaaL \ojLaaa6ai on rep fiev are^avovfievw rov avrov
^X^^ ^^//Voy aTe(f)avo<i, ottov av apapprjOrj, tov Se twv
arec^avovvTwv eve/ca crv/i<p€povTo<; ev tm Oearpw ylyve-
rai TO Kr]pvyfia ; oi yap aKovaavTe<; a7rapTe<i et? to
TrOLcLV €V T1]V iToXtv TrpoTpeTTOvTat, Kat TOL/9 uTroBiBovTa^
rr-jv xaptv fiaWov eTraivovcri- rov arecpavov/iei'ov StoTrep
rov vo/xov TovTov 1} 7To\i<^ y6ypa<p€v. Aeye 8 avrov
fioc rov vofiov Xa/3(ov»
N O M O S.
OcTovs aTe(pavov(ri rives tcov Brjfxoiv, ras dvayopevcreis rcov crTfC^d'
V(jl)V TTOieladai iv avTo7s (Kclcttovs tols 18lols dij^OLS-. eciv fxrj rivas 6
drjiJLOS 6 Twv AOrjvaicov rj t] j3ov\r] CTTecpavol • tovtovs 5' e^eluai iv
r(W Ofdrpco Aiovvctlols dvayopeveadai.
121 Akovel^;, Aia-^Lvrj, rov vo/iov \eyovro<i (Ta(^oi<;, 7r\r]v
eav riva<^ o Brj/jLo<i ?; yj BovXi] '\lrr)(p tarjrat, rov- 26%
rov<; Be avayopever co. Tl ovv, co raXalirwpe, <jvko-
(f)avreL<; ; Tl \oyov<; TrXarret? ; Ti cravrov ou^ eWe-
^opi^ea eiTL rovroL^ ; AW ovh ata'^vvrj <^6ovov Slk7]v
eiaaywv, ovk aOLKT]/jLaro<; ovoevo<;, Kat vo(jlov<^ jjLerairoLwVy
rcov 8 uipatpcDV fieprj, ou? 6Xov<; BiKacov r]V avayiyvw^
GK€(juaL roL<; ye o/ico/jlokoctl Kara rou<; vo/iov<; YrjcpLei'
29 a6at. EireLra roiavra ttoccov Xeyet? a Bel irpoaelvav
ro) Srj/jiorLKO), coairep apBptavra e/cSeSco/cw? Kara avyypa-
(pr]v, etr ovk e-^ovra a TrpoaifKev e/c tt;? avyypacpij^
KoijiL^ofJLevo<;, 7] \oyw rov<; Srj/j,orLKOv<; aW' ov roi<;
irpayfiaai Kat rol<; TroXcrev/jLaai ytyvcocrKO/jLevov^;. Kai
HEPITOYSTE^ANOY. 41
/5oa9 prjTci Kai apprjra ovo/jLu^(dv, coairep e^ a/^a^?;?, a
aoL Kat ray crco yevei irpoaeariv, ovfc e/ioi.
KacTOL Kac Tovro, co avBp€<^ Adr/valoL. Eyco \olBo- 123
piap KaT7]yopca<; tovtw hia<^epeiv riyov/iai, tw rip /lev
Karriyopiav aotK7]/iaT e^ecv, cov ev rot? vop-oc^ eiacv at,
Tificopiac, Ti]v Se XoiEopLav l3Xa(T(f>r}p,La<;, a? Kara ti]1
avTwv (f)vaiv rot? e^^^ot? Trepi, aWriXcov crvpijBaLvet, Xe-
yeiv. OiKoSo/jLTjcrai, Be rof? irpoyovov; rauri ra ZiKa-
crrrjpta v7reLXr}(f)a, ov^ iva avXke^avTe<^ ufia,'^ et? ravra
UTTO Tcov LOLcov ^a/cw? Ta aTTopprjra KeycopLev aWrfKov^y
aXX Lva e^eXey^cD/jiev, eav tl<^ r/OCKrjKco^i rt rvy^avi] rrjv
TToXiv. Tavra tolvvv etSw? Ai<T'^iv7]<; ovSev tjttov epiov lai
TTO/jLireveiv avn rov KaTrjyopelv elXero. Ov /irjv ov8
evravOa eXarrov e-^wv Bi,Kato<; eariv aireXOelv. ' HSrj
o eirt ravra iropevcropLaL, roaovrov avrov epwrrjaa^ •
TTorepov ere Tt9, ALcr')(^Lvrj, rrj<^ rroXeco^ e-^6pov i] €/jlov
263 elvai, (f)7J ; Epiov ZifKov on. Elra ov fiev rju Trap
epLov BcK7)v Kara rov^ vopov^ virep rovrcov Xa(3elv, elirep
yBifcovv, e^eXtTre?, ey rat? evOvvai^, ev ral^ ypa<^al^, ev
Tai<; aXXat^ KpicreaLV * ov o eyco puev aucpo^ aTraai, roL<i 125
vopLot^, ro) y^povw, rrj irpoOeapLia, rw KeKpiaQai rrepl
iravrcov 7roXXaKC<^ wporepov, to) pLrjheircoTrore e^eXey^drj'
vac fji7]Bev v/jLa<; aScKwv, rrj iroXet B t] TrXeov rj eXarrov
avayKTj rcov ye Brj/jiocria ireirpaypLevcov /lerelvai, rrj^
Bo^TT^, evravOa airrjvrrjKa^ ; Opa pur] rovrcov pbkv
e'^Opo^ fj<^, epLO<i Be Trpoairoir).
EaTecBr) roLVVv rj puev evae/3r}f; Kac BiKaia -y^rfjcpof; i2«
4*
42 AHM02eEN0Y2
anracTi BeSetKrat, Sec Se fxe, co<i €olk6, Kaiirep ov <PiXo\ol-
hopov bvra cpuaec, Sia ra'^ vtto rovrov fiXaa(f)T)/jLLa^
€ip7]/jLeva<;, avn ttoWcov Kat -xlrevBcov avra ravayKatoTar
QLTrelv Trept avrov, Kac Sel^ac ti<; cov Kat rivcov paBtco<;
01/70)9 cipx^^ "^^^ KaKco<; Xeyeiv, Kac Xoyov^ Tiva<^ Siaav-
pet, auTo? €ipr}K(o<^ a tc<s ovk av coKVTjae rcov fxerpiwv
2: avOpcoTTcov cpdey^aadat ; - — El yap AiaKO<; rj PaSa-
fxavOv^i Tj Mcvco^ rjv Karrjyopcov, aWa /irj aireppoXo-
yo<;, TrepLTpipLfia ayopa<;, oXeOpo^ ypafji/jLarev^, ovk av
avTov ol/jLat rocavr eiTreiv ovZ av ovto)^ eTra-^Oei^ \o-
yov<^ iropicraadaL, loairep ev rpaywSta ^ocovra cu yf]
Kat rj\L€ Kac aperr] Kac ra rocavra, Kac iraXcv av-
vecTLV Kac iracoetav eTrcKaXovfievov, y Ta KoXa Kai
ra acay^pa hcaycyvwcrKerac- ravra yap BriTrovdev
123 rjKOver avrov Xeyovro<;. Xoc he aperrj<^^ to KaOap/ia, rj
T0fc9 (To2<i rc<; fierovaca ; H KaXdv if jjlt} rocovrcov rc^
Scayvwac^ ; TloOev rj ttw? a^ccoOevrc ; TIov he rrat-
Seia<; aot 6epcc<; fjLvrjadrjvac, r]<^ rcov fiev w? aX7]6co<; rerv-
'^TjKorwv ovh av et? ecTroc irepc avrov rocovrov ovhev, 270
aXXa KCLV erepov Xeyovro<; epvOpcacrecev, rot? S airo-
XecipOecat pcev, loairep av, 7rpo(77rocovfjievoc<; B vir
avatcru7]aLa^, ro rov<; aKovovra<; aXyecv irocecv, orav
Xeywacv, ov ro hoKelv rocovroc^ elvac Trepceariv.
129 Ovk aTTopcov h b rt '^prj rrepc crov koI rwv crwv
€L7recv, airopcb rov rrpwrov pLvrjaOco, rrorep o)? 7rari]p
aov Tpojjc7j<; ehovXeve Trap KXirta ro) 7rpo<; ra) Grjaecca
BchaaKovrc ypa/jL/xara, ')(OiViKa<i ira'^eca'^ ^X^^ '^"^ ^vXov,
n E P I T O Y 2 T E $ A N O Y. 43
rj &)9 i-j /jL-t]T7]p To2^ fjLe6y]/j.€ptvol<; ya/zoi? ep tu> kXlctco)
TO) Trpo? TO) KoXa/xcTT] Hpcoi ^pcofiei'i] top koXov av-
Bpiupra Kcu TpiraycovtarriV UKpou e^iOpe-^e ae ; ^AWa
7ravre<: Lcraai ravra, Kav eyco fii] Xeyco. AW <w? o
rpcripavX7]<; ^opfiLwv, 6 Aiwvo^ rov ^peappiou 8ovXo<i,
aveaT7](T€v avrrjv airo TavT7]<^ t>^? KaKrj'q €pyaaia<; ;
AXka vy] top Aia Kai tov<; 6eov<^ okv^ /xt] irepi gov ra
irpoar^KOPTa keycop avTo<; ov 7rpocrriKOPTa<; efiavrco oo^co
irporjpTjcrdai, \oyov<;, Tavia fiep ovp eaaco, air avrayp i33
Be d)P avTo<; /Se^ccoKep ap^o/iai. OvBe yap cdp ervvep
')]P, aXX, oi? Br]/xo<; KaraparaL. Oyjre yap iroie — ,
0-^6 Xeyw ; XOe<; pLep ovp Kai irpcp-qp apb AOrjpalo^
Kai pi]Tcop yeyope, kul Buo cruXXa/Sa? irpoaOeL'^ top fiep
iraTepa aPTL Tpofi7]TO<; eTrocrjaep ATpofirjTOP, ttjp he
LLTjTepa cre/jLPa)<; ttupv TXavKoOeav, 7]P Ep^irovaap cnrap-
re? taacn KaXovpuepriP, e/c tov TraPTa Troielp Kau iraay^eiv
BrfkopoTi TavT7]<; tt}? e7rwpv[iLa^ TV')(ovcrap • iroOep yap
aWoOep ; AW opbw<^ ovtw^ a^apLaTO<i ei Kau iropripo^ I3i
(jivcret, wcTT e\ev9epo<; eK BovXov Kav ifkovaio'^ e/c tttco-
271 -^ov Bui TovTovcTL yeyop(D<^ ov^ oTTft)? X^P^^ avTol^ ^X^^"?>
aWa p.L(76(i)(ja<^ aavTOP KaTa tovtcdpl TroXLTevy. Kac
Trepo COP fiep eaTi rt? apL<pLapriT7]cn<;, co? apa virep r?/?
TToXew? ei,p7]K€P, eaaco . a B virep tcop e^Opo^v <^apepco<^
aTreBetxPr] irpaTTcop, TavTa apapLpy^aco.
Tl<; yap vpbwv ovk olBe top a7ro^ri(^i(T6epTa Apti- 133
(fycopTa, b? eiTayyeiXa[JLepo<^ ^iXnnTcp Ta pecopta epbirpt]-
(jetp et9 TTjP iToXip 7]X0ep ; op XajSoPTo^; ep,ov KeKpu/ipLe-
44 AHaiOSeENOYS
vov ev TIeipaiei Kai KaTaGTi]aavTO^ et? ti]v eKK\r)(jtav,
^owv 6 ySacr/cai^o? ovTO<i Kau KeKpayoi^;, (o<; ev hrjjjLOKpaTta
heuva TTOLO) tov<; r)TV')(7]K0Ta^ roiv 7ro\i,T(ov v/Spc^cop Kao
€7r OLKLa<; (BaZi^wv avev 'y^rji^iapLaTO'^, a^eOrjvai eiroLrj-
133 crev. Kac eu pur] r] ^ovXrj r] e^ Apecov irajou to irpaypia
aiaOopLevT] Kau rrjv vf^terepav ayvoiav ev ov Seovn o-vpt/Se-
^rjKvlav iSovcra eTre^rirrjcre tov avdpcoirov kcll avWa-
^ovcra eTravrijayev w? vpLa<;, e^iqpiraaT civ o tolovto<;
Kai, TO hiKrjv Sovvat SiaBv; e^eirepLTTer av vtto tov
aepLvoXoyou tovtovl • vvv 8 fyCtet? aTpe^oicravTe<; avTov
34 a7r€KT€i,vaT€, &)? eEec ye Kat tovtov, Totyapovv euhvla
TavTa Tj /3ov\r] Tj e^ Apecov Trayov tote tovtw ttg-
TTpaypieva, '^eipoTOvrjaavTwv avTcv vp^cov avvoiKOV virep
TOV cepov tov ev AriKw airo Trj<; avTrj^ ayvoia<^ 7]a7reo
TToWa irpo'CeaOe tcov koivcov, co? TrpoeiXeaOe KaKeLvrjv
Kau tov 7rpaypLaT0<^ Kvpiav eiroir^craTe, tovtov puev ev6u<;
aTrrjXacrev a)? irpoZoTrjV, TTrepiSr) Be Xeyeiv irpoaeTa^ev
Kat TavTa airo tov (BcopLov (pepovcra tjjv -yjrrjcf^ov eirpa^e, 2ri
135 Kau ovBepaa -^rj^o'^ riveyQri tc3 piiapQ> TOVTCp. Kai oi
TavT uXrjOij \eyco, KuXet toutcov tov^ pbapTvpa^.
M A P T Y P E 2.
'Maprvpovcri LrjiinaOtv^i vrrep cnravTOiV olde, KaXXias 2ovvuvs,
Zqvcov <E>Xueuf, KXf'coi/ ^(i\r]p(vs, ArjpoviKos Mapadwvios, on rov
bripov nore x^i-poToiTjO-avrns Alaxivrju (rvvdiKov VTvep tov lepov rov ev
At/Xo) (IS Tovs Apcj)LKTVovns (TvuedpriKTavres rjpels eKpivapev 'Yirepl-
brjv a^iov emu paXXou virep t?}? 7r6Xf<os 'keyetv, /cat d-neaTuXrj 'Yvre
^idrjs.
OvKOvv 0T6, tovtov pieWovTO<^ Xeyt'pj, iliriikacrev t)
nEPIT0Y2TEa>AN0Y. 45
8ovX^ Koi irpoaeTa^ev erepw, Tore icat irpoBoTTjv elvat
Kat KaKovovv v/jlIv a7Te(f)7]vev,
^ Ev fiev TOLVVV TOVTo TOiovTO TToXcTevfjLa Tov veavLov 138
TOVTOVy ofioiov ye, [ov 'yap ;) ot? epiou Karrjyopel ■ ere-
pov Se di^a/jLLfJLVT](TK6a6€. ' Ore yap UvOcova ^iXLinTo^
eireiJL'y^e tov Bv^avnov koi irapa rcov avrov cru/x/xa^coi/
TrdvTCov (TUve7r€fjL\lr€ 7rpecr/3et?, co? ev aia')(yvri 7rocr](7cov
iTjV ttoXlv Kol hei^wv ahiKovaav, Tore eyco fiev rw JJv
6(DVL Opaavvopievoi koI ttoWo) p^ovn icaO vjjlcov ovk el^a
ovB^ v7r€^(op7]aa, aW avaara^ avreLTTOV Kao ra T179
TToXeo)? Blfcaca ov^l irpovhwKa, aXk aSiKovvra ^iXlttttov
€^ri\ey^a (^avepco^ ovrco^ coare tou9 e/cecvov avpb/xa'^ov'i
auTou? dvLaTapLevov<i ofioXoyetv • ovto<; Be crvvTjycovL^ero
Kol TavavTia epiaprvpec rrj irarpihi, kul ravra '\lrevor].
Kat ovfc aire^T] ravra, aWa rraXiv puera ravd 137
varepov ^Ava^ivco ra> KaracrKoircp cfvvlwv et? rr]v Gpa-
873 cr(ovo<; ol/clav e\7](p67], Kairoi ocrrt? t&) viro rcov TroXe-
pLccov TrepLcfjdevrt fiovo<i pLovco avvyei, Kau eKOivoXoyetro,
ovro<; avro<i vTvrjp'^e rrj cjjvaec KaracTKOiro'^ Kai, 7ro\epLLo<i
ry TrarplBi. Kal ore ravr a\7]6rj Xeyco, KoXeu pLOL rov
Tcov T0U9 pLaprvpa<i.
MAPTYPE2.
Te\(8T]fj,os KXe'cDi/oy, 'YTrepiS?;? KaWa[(rxpov, NiKOfxaxos Aio(f)dv'
TOV fiaprvpovcri ArjfiocrOevet kol €TTa>ix6cravT0 eVt Toyv arparijycoVf
etSeVat Alaxi-vrjV ^ArpOfxr}Tov Kodo3Ki.dr]v avvep^op^vov vvktos els rrjv
Qpdacovos olKiav kol KoivoXoycvfievov 'Ai/af iVo), os eKplOi] elvai Kard-
(TKonos Trapd $iXi777rou. Avrai dnebodrjn-av ai fxaprvpiai e77t Ni/ciow,
^'EKaToyt^aiSivos rpiTj] lcrTap.evov.
.46 AHM029EN0Y2
133 Mvpca TOLVVV krep eiTTelv ^')(wv irepi avrov irapcCket'
TTCO. Kal yap ovtco ttw? ^X^'" noWa av eyco en
TovTcov e^oLjjLi, Sel^at odv ol'to? Kar eKeivov^ rov^ XP^~
vov<^ To1<^ [lev e^OpoU virt^peTCDV e/ioc B eirrjpeai^cov
evpedrj • aXV ov TcderaL ravra Trap v/xlv et? aKpi^rj
fivrjurjv ovB^ tjv Trpoarjicev 'opyrjv, aWa BeBcoKare eOet.
TiVL (f)av\(p TToWrjV e^ovaiap rco ^ovkofievo) tov Xeyovra
Ti Twv vfjblv crvficpepovTcov vTroaKeXL^etv icai av/cocpavreiVt
T779 €7rl raU XocBoptai<^ iiBovrj^ Kat '^apiTO^ , to tyj^ iro
Xeo)? crv/jL(p6pov avraXXaTTopbevoi • Stoirep paov earu Kai
da(j)aXecrrepov del rot? e-^dpol'; vTnjperovvra ixiaOapvelv
7) TTjV vTrep vfiwv eXofievov ra^cv TroXcTeveaoau
139 Kal TO fiev Br) irpo rou iroXeixeiv cf)avepco<; crvvayco-
vl^eadac ^lXcttttw Belvov /jlev, w yy} Kat 6eoc, — tto;? yap 274
ov ; — KaTOL tt}? 'TTaTplBo^ ' Bore B et (BovXecrOe, Bore
avT(d TOVTO. ^AXX^ eTfecBi] (pav6pa)<; ijBrj ra irXola eae-
(TvXtjto, Hepp6v7]<jo^ eTTOpOelro, eiri rrp Attlk7jv ctto-
peveO^ avOpoiiro^, ov/cer ev d/ii(f)i(T^7]Tr](7ijjL(p ra Trpay/xara
rjv aXX' eveaTr\Kei TroXejio^;, n fiev itojTtot eirpa^ev
VTrep vjiwv ^daKavo<; ovToat ia/jLl3eLO(f>ayo<i ov/c av e^^oL
Bel^ai, ovB^ eartv ovre fiel^ov ovr eXarrov -ylrricpca/ia
ovBev Alax^T^V ^'^^P "^^^ avfi^epovrcov rrj TroXei. El oe
(t>7]G-L, vvv BeL^arco eTTb tm efjucp vBari. AXX ov/c ecrrtu
ovBev. KairoL Bvolv avrov avayKt] Qarepov, i] firjdev
T0Z9 Trparro/ievot<; vtt e/iov ror e-^ovr eyKaXelv fii]
ypd^eiv rrapa rav6 erepa, 77 ro rwv e^Opwv (7V/jL(f)epov
^rjrovvra /xr] <^epeiv et? jjueaov ra rovrcov a/jietvo).
nEPITOYSTE^ANOY. 47
^p oui^ ovo eXeyev, (aairep ovb eypacpev, iptica 140
epydcraaOal tc SeoL Kafcov ; Ou fiev ovv rjv enreLV
erepw. K.ai ra fiev aXka kuc cpepeiv rjSvvaO , co? eot-
Kev, rj TToXt? Kol ttolcov ovto<; \av6aveiv . ev h eire-
^etpydcraTO, cu avSpe^ AOrivaioiy tolovtov o iraau tol'^
'7rpoTepoL<i €7red7]K6 reXo? • irept ov tov<; 7ro7yXou<; ava-
\(0(J6 Xoyov^, ra twv A/icj^cacrecop rccv AoKpcov Sie^tcov
^oyfiara, «? oiaaTpe^cov raXr/Oe'^. To S ou tolovtov
eaTC ' irodev ; OvBeiroT eKVu-^T] av TaKel Treirpayiieva
aavro) • ov^ ovtco iroWa epei<^.
KaXco S evavTiov v/mwu, w avSp6<; AOrjvaloi, tov<; \i
6eov<; airavraf; koI iracra^, baoo tt]V %«/3az/ e^ovai ttjv •
^Attlkt^v, Kac Tov AttoXXw tov UvOioVy b? 7raTpa)o<;
eoTL rrj TToXet, Koi enrev^oybai iraai tovtol^, eo fiev
dXr)6rj 7r/3o? vfia^; €i7roc/ic kul elirov Kav tot €v6v<^ ev
275 Tc3 Brjfiw, OTe irpodTov elEov tovtovu tov ficapov tov-
TOV tov 7rpdy/j.aT0<; diTTOfievov (^eyvcov yap, 6vdea)<;
eyv(Dv\ evTvylav jJLOt Bovvat Kau acoTrjpiav, et Ze 7rpo<i
eyOpav t) (f)LXov€CKta<; cSca'^ eveic aiTcav eirayw toutw
ylreuSfj, irdvTwv twv ayaOwv avovrjTOV /le TrocTja-at.
Tl ovv TavT eTrripa/jLao Kai Bc€T€cvafji7]v ovToyac a(j)0- 142
Bpco<; ; "Otl ypd/jLjJLaT e'^wv ev tw BjjfMocna) Ket/ieva, ef
o)V ravT eiriBeL^co aa^(o<;, Kai v/JLa^; etSco^ Ta TTeirpayfie-
va /jLV7]fjLovevovTa<;, eKelvo (fio^ov/iaL, p.rj tcov eupyacriie-
vcov avrS KaKcov v7roX7]<^6rj ovto<; eXaTTOJV, oirep Trpo-
repov avve/Si] ore tou<^ TaXaiTTcopov; ^coKea<; eTroirjaev
aTToXeaOat tcl y^evhr) Bevo aTrayyeiXa';. Tov yap ev i43
48 AHMuSeENOYS
AfjL^Lcrarj iroXefiov, St ov a? EXareiav ifkOe ^iXc7r7ro<i
Kai 01 ov i]p€V7] rcov AficptKrvovcov i/yeficov, 09 airavr
averpe-^e ra twv EXXr^vojv, ovro^ earcv o crvyKara-
(TKevaaa<; Kai iravTCDV et? avrjp rcov /JLejiarcov aLTLo<^
KaKcov. Kac tot evOv^ e/xov htapLapTvpofjievov Kai
^owvTo^ ev TT) eKK\r)(jiciy iroXefjLov et? Triv Attl/^t]!/
6ccra<yei(;f Alcf-^ivt], TToXe/iov Afi^iKTVovLKov, oc
fiev e/c irapaKXrjaeco^ crvyfcaOrnievoi ov/c eocov jxe Xe-
yeiv, OL o eoavfia^ov Kai Kevr\v aiTiav oia ti]v LOtav
44 e'^Opav eirayeiv fie vTreXa/i^avov avTa>. IItl<; 8 rj
<f>vai'?, CO avBpe'^ AOrjvaiOi, jeyove tovtcov tcdv Trpayfia-
Twv, Kau TLV0<^ €V€fca TavTa avve(TK€vaa67) Kai ttox?
eirpayurj, vvv aicovaaTe, eTreioi^ TOTe £kq)Xvu7]T€ • Kai,
yap €v Trpayiia avvTeOev oy^reaOe, Kat fieyaXa co<peX7]~
aecrOe tt/do? laTopiav tcdv kolvwv, Kau oar) BeLVOTT]^; r]v ev
Tco ^lXlttttco OeacreaOe.
143 OvK r]v Tov 7rpo9 v/ia<; TToXepLov 7repa<; ov8 airaXXayr
^iXilT'TTCp, €L fjLT] 07](3aCOV<i Kat QeTTuXov; e-)(6p0V<; TTOLT]- 276
creLe ttj TroXet, aXXa Kanrep a9XiCD<^ Kau KaKco<i tcov
GTpaTTjyoiv TCOV vfieTepcov TroXeaovvTcov avTco ofico^; vir
avTov TOV TToXefiov Kai tcov Xtjcttcov fivpia eiraa'^e KaKa,
OvT€ yap e^iiyeTO tcov 6k tt}? '^copa<^ yiyvopievcov ovBev,
I4G ovT €Lcn]yeTO cov eoecT avTcp • 7]v oe ovt ev Ty uaXaTTrj
TOTe KpeiTTcov vfxcovy OVT €6? Ti)v Attlktjv eXOelv Sv-
vaTO<i in]Te OeTTaXcov ukoXovOovvtcov yu-^yre ©rj/SaLcov
BuevTcov^' crvve(3aive he avTU) tco TroXe/nco KpaTovvTC tov<;
oiroLovaZrYiToO vfJLel<^ e^eTre/xTrere crTpaTrjyov^ (^eco yap
nEPITOYSTEO'ANOr. 49
TOVTo ye) avTT) t/; (pvcrec rov tottov Kai tcov vTrap^ov-
T(ov eKaT€poL^ KaKOTTaOelv. El /xev ovv Trj<^ iSia? 6V€k ii?
e^dpa<i 1] Tov^ &eTTd\ov<; i] rov^ 07-i^acou<; aviJureiOoi
(Bahi^eiv ecf) v/xai;, ovheva r/yetro irpoae^eLV avroj top
vovv ' av Be ra<^ e/ceivcov KOi,va<; irpoc^aaei^ Xa/Scov rjye-
ficov aipeOrj, paov rjXin^e ra fiev irapaKpovaeaOaL, ra Se
7r€L(T€LV. Tl OVV / ETTL^eipec, OeaaaaO w? ev, ttoXq-
fjiov iroirjcrat to2<; A/x(f)tfCTVoac Kau Trepi rijv TrvXaiav
rapayjiv • et? yap ravr ev6v^ avrov^ VTreXa/x^avev
avTOV Serjcreadac, El fiev locvvv rovro rj tcov Trap '^
eavTov irefjLiroiJievwv lepo/jLvrj/JLovcov t] tcov eKecvov av/Jb/xa-
ycov eLariyoLTo ri?, vTro^^eaOaL to irpayfia evo/XL^e KaL
Tou? Qri(3aL0V<^ Kat tov<^ GeTTa\ov<^ Kai nravTa^ (puXa-
^taOaL, av h A6r}valo<^ fj KaL irap v/xcov tccv virevav-
TLcov o TOVTO TTOLcov, efTTo^o)? Xijaeiv • oirep avve/S?]. lis
IToj? ovv TavT eTTOLrjcrev ; MLadovTaL tovtovl. OuBe-
vo<; Be 7rpoeiBoTo<^, ol/xaL, to irpayfjua ovBe (pvXuTTovTO^;,
wairep euwOe Ta ToiavTa Trap vpuv yiyveaOaL, Trpo/SXrj-
in 6€L<^ 7rv\ayopa<^ ovto^ KaL TpLwv i] TeTTupcov ')(eLpoTovri-
cravTcov avTOV aveppiiurj,
/i? Be TO tP]<; TToXect)? a^Lcofia Xa^cov acpLKeTO ei?
Tou? A/j,(f>LKTvova<;, iravTa toXX u(pei<=i KaL TrapiBov
eirepaLvev e0 ot? e/uLiaOcodrj, Kai Xoyov^ €V7rpo&a)7rov<;
KaL fiv6ov<;, o9ev i] Kcppaia ')(o3pcL KaOLepoiOrj, crvv6eL<;
■ Kau BLe^eXdcov, av6 ponrovs aireLpov^ Xoycov Kai to fieXXov
ov Trpoopcofievov;, tov<; L€po/jLvr]iiova<;, TreLdeL -yln^cjiLcracrOai
irepLeXOelv ttjv ')(ii)pav, hv ol uev A/KpLaael^i a(j)r2v ir,s
50 AHM02eEN0Y2
avTcov Gvaav yecDpyelv ecpaaav, ovTc<i Be tt}? L6pa<; -^ajpa^
rjTiaro elvat, ovSe/xtav ScK7]v toov AoKpocv eirayovrwv
'i'llMV, ovB a vvv ovTo<i TrpocpaaL^erat, Xeycov ovk aX/rjOrj.
TvwaeaOe h eiceWev. Ovk ePrjv avev rov irpoaKokeaa-
aOai BiiTTOv T0t9 AoKpoL'^ Bt/CTjv Kara Trj<i 7ro\€(o<; reXe-
craaUac. 1 1<^ ovv efcKrirevcrev ^//xa? ; liiin 7rGLa<; ap-
'^rj<^ ; htiire rov eioora, bei^ov. AW ovk av e%o^?,
aWa K€vr] irpoc^aaei ravrrj Kare^oco Kat -yp-evSet.
»5i UepuovTcov TOivvv rrjv '^copav rwv AfxcbiKTvovwv
Kara ttjv v<priy7]cnv rrjv rovrov, irpoaireaovre'^ ot AoKpoi
fiiKpov KaTi]K0VTL(jav cnravTa^;, Tiva<i Ee Kai crvvripTraaav
TCCV L6popLV7]flOV(OV. fl^ h CLTTa^ €K TOVTCOV €yK\rj/J,aTa
Kac 'H oXe/jLOi; 7rpo<; tov^ Aj.L^icrcreL<^ erapay^Orj, to fiev
irpcoTOV KoTTV(f)o<i avTcov Tcov AiKpiKTvovcov 7]yay6
(TTparuLv • &)9 S oi jjuev ovk 'ifkOov, oi h eX^oz/re? ovhev
eTTotovv, et? ttjtj eTTiovaav TrvXaiav €7Tt rov ^lXlitttov
€v6eco<^ TiyefiGPa yyov oc KareaKevacr/jievot Koi, irdXab
'TTOvr^poi Twv GerraXcov Kai rcov ev ral'i aXXaL<i iroXeatv.
I5'2 r^au 7rpo(pacr€c<; €vXoyov<; eLXi](^eaav ' ?; yap avTOv<=;
€Lcr<pep€cV 'cat, ^evov^ rpecpecv e<^a>7av helv kclI ^rjfiLovv 273
rov<; firj ravra iroiovvTa^;, tj eKelvov alpelaOaL. Tl hel
ra TToXXa Xeyeiv , HtpeOr) yap f=.K tovtcov I'/ye/xcov.
Kac p-era ravr 6v6v<; hhiOfJuv avXXe^a<i kol irapeXOwv
CO 9 eiTi Tr]v Kcppacav, eppwaOut ^paara<; iroXXa Kippaioi^;
»«3 Kac AoKpoli;, ri)v EXareiav KaTaXajjbjBdvei. El [lev ovv
[Ml] iiereyvwaav evOeco^ &)9 rovr elBov ol ©7]^ aloe Koi
aeO rjficov eyevovro, cooirep '^€Lp(ippov<; av ciirav tovto
n E P I T O Y 2 T E $ A N O Y. 51
TO irpayixa ei^ tIjV ttoXlv eLcreiTeGev • vvv he to y
e^at<f)VT]<; e7rea')(ov aviov e/celvoi, ficikLCTTa /lev, w avSp6<;
A6r]valoi, Oewv tlvo<; evvota irpo^ v/xa<;, euTa iievTOL, kcu
ocrov Kau eva avopa, Kau ol efie. Ao<^ be jjlol tu
ooypLaTa TavTa fcau tov^ '^povov^ ev ol^ e/caaTa Ti e-
TrpaxTat, lv eiGijre OjXcKa irpayjiaTa i] paapa Ke^aKr)
TaDu^aaa amrj Bckijv ovk eSco/cev. Aeye jjlol to. Soy- i»i
fiaTa.
AOrMA AM<l>IKTYONQN.
ETTt lepecos K\€Lvay6pov, capivrjs TruXai'as, eSo^e to7s IJuKayopoig
Kai Tols (TVVcdpOLS rCOU Ap.(f)LKTv6v(i)V Koi T(0 KOIVCO TOiV ^ Ap-CfiLKTVOVCOVf
€7rei8r} Aacpiaaels iTri^alvovcnv eVi Trjv lepav xa>pav koX cnrdpovcri
Kai iSo(rKT]p.aai KaTavep.ovaiv, eTreXdelv rovs TLvXayopovs Kai Toi)S
avveSpujs Kol j"7-7;Xats' diaXa^elv rovs opous, Kai drrenrelu toIs
Aucpiacrevcrt, rod Xomov /117 iTri^alveiv.
*E T E P O N A O r M A.
Etti Upecos KXeivayopov, iapivrjs rrvXaias, eSo^e to7s UvXayopois 155
?'^9 Kai rots' avvedpOLS tcov ^ApcpiKTvovcov Kai tco kolvco tcov ^ AfjL(fiL<Tv6vcoVy
fVetS/) 01 ۤ Ap,<piaaT}s tj^v lepav ^aipav Karaveipajxevoi yecDpyovai
Kai l3oaKr]p.aTa vefiovai, Kai KcoXvopevot tovto ttouIv, ev to7s ottXois
TrapayevopevoL, to kocvov tcov 'EXXt^vcov crvvebpiov KeKcoXvKaai. pera
^ias, Tivus 8e Kai TerpavpariKaari, tov arparrjyov rov rjprjpevov tcov
Ap<pLKTv6vo)v K6ttv(J)ov TOV 'ApKa.8a Trpea^evaoL npos ^lXlttttov top
MaKedova, Kai d^iovv iva ^orjO-qcrrj tco re 'AttoXXcoi/i Kai to7s 'A^-
(f)iKTvocnv, OTTcos pT) TTepudT] VTTO TCOV CLCTe^uiv ^AptpLtTa-ecov TOV 6ebv
TrXvppeXovpevov • Kai Siort avTov (TTpaTrjybv airoKparopa aipovvTai
oi EXXrjves ol peTe-)(0VTes TOv o~vvehpiov tcov ^ Ap(pLKTv6v(ov.
Aeye Brj fcac tov<; '^povov'; ev oh tuvt eytyveTO • ei^ai
yap KaO oi;? eTruXayoprjcrev ovto'^. Aeye,
X P N I.
Apxcov MvT] a id elSrjS, pnvos ^AvOecTTTjpLcovos eKTjj eVl BeKarij,
52 AHMOSeENOYS
56 ^0? Byj /jlol rriv eirccTToXriv ^)v, w? ov)(^ vtttjkovov ^'
&T]^aloi, irefjiirei 7rpo<i tov<; ev IIeKo7rovvr]crw avfi/iw
'YOL'? 6 ^/XtTTTTO?, iv €ld7]T€ KOL CAT TavTr]<; aa(pa)<; ore
rrjv jikv aX7]6ri TTpocpaacv rcov TTpayfjiarcov, re ravr eiru
TTjv 'EWciBa KCLi Tov^ Grj^acov^ kcll v\ia^ irpaTreiv,
airetcpviTTeTO, kolvcl Se koI toU A/KpLKTVocrL Bo^avra
iroielv TrpoaeTTOielro. 'O Se Ta<^ a(j)op/jLa<i ravra^i Kac
TO.? TT^oc^acret? avro) 7rapaa')(^cov ovto<; rjv, Aeye.
EniSTOAH^IAinnOY. 880
157 Baaikevs MaKebovcov ^lXittttos neXoTrowrjaloov rcov iv rfj crvfifia'
^ia Tols brj^LOvpyols Ka\ rois (Tvvibpois Koi tols aXXois crvjxyLdxois
Traai p^ai'/jetv. 'EneLBr) AoKpol ol KaXovp-cvoi O^oAai, KaroLKovvres
iv ^AfiCpiacTT], 7rXT)p.fj.e\ovaLV els to lepov tov 'AttdXXcoz/o? tov iv
AfX^ots' Kal TTjv lepav x^P'^^ ipxopevoi ped oTrkcov XerjkaTovai,
^ovXopat. Ta> d€u> ped' vpcov ^orjdelv Kol apvvacrOaL tovs Trapa^ai-
vovras Ti rcov iv dvOpcorroLS evaelBaiv. Qare avvavrare pera toov
OTrKcjiV els rrjv <J>a)KtSu, e'xovres iTrtcriTLcrpov rjpepcov recro-apaKovra,
TOV iv€<TTo)Tos pTjvos A&)Ot», (OS Tjpels ayopev, cos de ^A.6r^vaioL^ Bory-
8popL<ovos, cos 8e YLoplvQioL, Havipov. Hols Se pr] avvavrricracn
7rav8T]p€\ ;!^7jo-o/i6^a, toIs de (rup^ovXois rjplv Keipivois inL^rjpiois,
"EvTvx^lTe.
153 *0pa6^ on (f)€uyeL fiev ra^; tSta? 7rpo(f)a<7€L<i, et? 8e
Ta<i ^ AfKpLfCTVovLKaf; KaTa(f>evyet,. Tc<; ovv o ravia
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evhov^ ; T/? o twv KaKwv rcov yeyevrjfievcov /jLaXccrra
CLLTLO^ ; Ou^ ovTo<; ; Mt] tolvvv \eyere, co avZpe<^
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*EX\a<i avOpoiiTov, Ov^ vcf) evo<;, aW viro iroXkcoi^
159 Kat irovrjpwv rcov Trap 6/caaT0i<;, cj yr] Kai ueoi, cov ei?
ovroal, OP, el pLr)Vev evXaprjOevra TaXr]6e<; eLirelv Seot
nEPIT0Y2TE<i>AN0Y. 53
ovK av QKVv^craiixi eycoje kolvov a\iT7]pLov rcov fiera
ravra aTroXcoXorajv aTravrcov eLTrelv, avOpwirwv, tottcov,
TToXecov ' yap ro airep/jLa Trapao-'y^cov, ovto<; toov <pvv--
Tcov aLTLO'^. *" Ov OTTO)? TTOTe OVK €v6v<; i8ovT6<i aTrecTTpa-
*• (^ttre, Oavfiu^o) • ttXtjv ttoXv tl aKoro^, o)? eoLKev, earo
Trap vfMv irpo t^? aXrjdeca'^,
^v/i/Se/STjKe TOLVvv uoL TOOV Kara t^? irarpiZo^ toviw isc
Treirpajjievcov a-yafievw et9 cl toutol'^ evavTiovp,evo<^
av70<; TreTrokiTevjiav a^l'^Oau • a ttoXXcov fiev eve/c av
€LfcoTco<; aKovaaire jjlov, {JbaXiara h on aca'^pov eariv,
CO avhpe<i A6r}valoiy €l eyco jxev ra epya tcov virep vficov
Tovcov v7re/JL€tva, v/jL€l<: Be /jbrjBe tov<; Xoyov^ avTcov ave-
^eaOe. Opcov yap eyco Otj^ulov^ a'^eSov Be Kat vjjLa<^, i6i
UTTO TCOV Ta ^iXlttttov <f)povovvTcov /cat Bcecpdapfievcov
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Krj<^ TToXXrj^ Beofievov, to tov ^lXlttttov eav av^avecrdai,
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Be Kai, TO TrpoaKpovecv aXXT]XoL<) eTOcpLco^ €^ovTa<;, ottco^;
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aXX etSo)? Api,cTTOcf)covTa Kat, ttoXlv Ev/3ovXov Travra
TOV "^povov povXopbevov^: Trpa^ao TavTTjv Tr]V <piXlav, kcu
Trepc TCOV aXXcov TroXXaKi^; avTLXeyovTa<^ eavTol'^ tovO
oiJLoyvcop.ovovvTa<i aec. Ov<; av ^covTa'^ puev, co KLvaBo<^,
KoXaKevcov TraprjKoXov6eL<^y TeOvecoTcov B ovk aiaOdvei,
KaTrjyopcov * a yap Trepc ©jj^aicov eTrcTL/jba^: epiol, eKel
5*
54 AHMOSGENOYS
vcov TToXv fiaXkov 7] 6/j.ov KaT7]yope2<^, twv irpoiepov r)
eyo) ravTTjv rrjv av/jifia-^Lav ooKLfiaaavTcov.
63 Aw efcelae £7rav6i/jbi, on tov ev A/xipLacrT] irokefjLov
TouTOV [Jbev iroLiqaavTO^, avfiTrepava/juevcov Be twv aXKcov
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TOV ^[XiTriTOV eXOelv ecp rj/xa^;, ovirep eveKa ra? TroXet? 2*2
ovTOL avve/cpovov ' Kat eu firj irpoe^avecrTT^fiev fJLLKpov,
ouS' dvaXa/Selv av rjhvvrjO-qfiev • ovtco /J^e-^pc Troppco
TTporiyayov ouroc to irpay/xa. Ev oh 8 ^re rjBrj ra
7rpo9 aW7]\ou9, tovtwvl tcov '^^ri^iajiaTCDV aKovaavT€<;
Kol TCOV aTTOKpLcrecov eLcreaOe. Kao jmol Xeye Tavra
Xa^cov*
^ H $ I 2 M A.'
.64 'Etti apxovTOS 'Hporrvdov, fjirjvbs 'E\a({)T]^o\ia)VOS eKTrj (f)d[vovTOS,
(f)v\TJs TTpvrai'evovcrqs ^Epex^T^i-^os, ^ovXtj^ kol arparrjycov yvojpj) •
'ETTfiSi; ^tXimros as pev KaTei\T](l)e TroKets tojv doTvyeiTovav, rtvas
de nopOcI, K€(paXaLCC> be eVi rrjv "" A.TTLKr]V TrapadKevd^erai Trapayiyve-
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\v€iv iTTi^aXXerai Ka\ Trjv elpr']PT]v, rrapa^aivcov rds Koivds TTt'o-rets',
debox^ai, TTj ^ovKrj Ka\ tu> brjpoi irepireLV rrpos avrou 7rpeV/3et$-, otrives
avrat dt-aXe^ovrai Kal irapaKoKecrovaiv aiirov paXicrTa pev ttjv rrpos
Tjpds opovoiav biarrjpelv kol ras avv6r]Kas, €t Se /xt;, Trpos to ^ovXev-
aaadai bovuai xp^'^vov rrj TroAei Ka\ rds dvoxds 7Tou)craa6aL p^xpi- tov
QapyrfkLoivos prjvos. 'Hcpedijo-av e< ttjs iSovXrjs 2t/xos ^Avayvpaa-ios —
'EvOvbrjpos ^XvaoTLOSi BovXayopas 'AXcoTreK^^ei^.
*ETEP0N^H$I2MA.
165 *E7rl apxovTos 'Hponvdov, prjuos Movvvxtf^vos (vrj Ka\ via, ndXi
pApxov yvdopj], eVetS?) ^tXtTTTToy els dXXoTpLOTTjra QT]l3aiovs npos
Tjpds eVt^aXXerat KaTao-TTJa-ai^ irapea-KevaaTai 8e Ka\ navTl Ta> CTpa-
TcvpaTi TTpos Tovs '(yyidTa Trjs 'ArriK^? TrapayLyveadai tottovs, Trapa- 283
^aivoiv tus irpbs Tjjjids virapx^vcras avTco crvv6r]Kas, Se5o;^^at Tjj ^ovXfj
Ka\ Ta> dr]pco Trepyj/ai npos avTov KrjpvKa Kcii TrpeV/SetS', oiTives a^ico-
vov(TL Kal napaKaXeaovaiv aiiruu nocrjaaadai Ttis dvnxds, ottcos eVSf •
nEPITOYSTE^ANOY. 55
XOfJLevu)^ 6 8i]iJ.os ^ovhevcrqTai • Koi yap vvv ov KeKpiice jBorjOelv iv
ovbevl raiv fierplcov. 'HLpedrjcrav eK ttJs j3ov\rjS Neap;^oy ^cocrivopov,
UoXvKpdrqs E7rL(ppovos, kol Krjpv^ F.vi'opos 'Ava(pXiiaTios ex tov
drjpov.
Aeye 8r] Kau rw^ airoKpLcrei'^,
16i
An KPI2I2. A.GHN AI0I2.
BacriXevy MaxeSoVcoi' ^lKlttttos ^AdrjvaLcov rfj 3ov\rj koI ^co brjpoi
XaipeLV. Hv pep aTr" apx^js ci^ere Trpos rjpas atpecriv ovk dyvocoy
Kal Tiva CTTTOvdrjv TroulcrOe npoaKoXecracrdat ^ovXopevoi QerraXovs
Koi Orj^aiovs, en 8e Kal BoicoTOvs ' BeXriov 5' avTcov cppovovvrcov
Kal pr] (BovXopevcov ecj) vplv TroLJ]cra(r6aL ttjv eavrcov alpeaiv, dXXa
Kara to avpcf)epov ioTapevcov, vvv e^ V7rocrTpo(f)j]s dnocrreiXavTes
vpe7s Trpos pe TrpecTiSeis Kal KtjpvKa crvvBrjKcbv pvrjpovevere Kal ras
avo^as alrela-de, Kar ovbev vcfi' rjpcov TreTrXrjppeXijpevoi. 'Eyo)
fiePTOi aKovcras rcov Trpecr^evTcov o-uyKaraTidepaL toIs TrapaKaXovpc'
POLS KOL eroipos elpi TTOielcrOai ras dvo-)(as, av irep rovs ovk 6p3a>s
(rvulBovXevovras vplv napaTjep.'^avres rfjs npocnjKovcrqs UTLpias d^ico-
<TTjT€. "Eppcoade.
AnOKPI2I2 GHBAIOIS.
BaatXeiis MaKebovcov ^iXittttos QrjSaicov rfj ^ovXrj Kal ra 8r]pco 167
XO-lpeiv. ^'EKopLadprjv ttjv Trap* vpcov eVtcrroXT/i', 8l tjs pot ttjv
2S4 opovoiav Kal tt]v elprjurjv dvaveovcrOe. Hvvddvopai pevTOC Siort Trdcrav
vplv ^A.6rjvaloL npoafpepovrat, (ptXoTipiav ^ovXopevoi vpds (TvyKaTal-
vovs yeveadai to2s vtt avTcov TrapaKaXovpevois. TlpoTepov pev ovv
vpcov KaTeyiyvcoaKov eVi rw peXXeiv Treidecrdai Tals eKelvoov eXTTicn
Kal erraKoXovdelv avTcov Tjj TrpoaipecreL • iniv d imyvovs vpds to. Trpos
Tjpds i^rjTrjKQTas i'x^i-V elprjvrjv pdXXov t} Tals tTepcov €TraKoXovSe7v
yvoapais, rjadrjv Kal pdXXov vpds eTraivo) KaTO. TToXXa, paXicTa h eVl
T'u ^ovXevcraadai Trepl tovtov da(paXecrT€pov Kal Ta Trpos rjpds e)(etv
ev evvoia • oTrep ov piKpav vplv o'iaeiv iXiTL^o) porrrjv, edv Trep cttI
ravTTjs pevrjTC Trjs Tzpodeaecvs. 'Eppccxrde.
Sta. TovTcov, Kac tovtol<; eirapdei^; tol^ ylnjipcafiacn Kat
ral<s airoKpiaeaiv, rjKev e^cov rrjv Buva/itv /cat, rrjv EXa-
reiav KareXa^ev, &)? ovS av eu re yepotro en av/iirvev'
56 AHMOSGENOYS
aovTO)V av r]fi(i)V fcal rwv Grj/Saicov. AXka jjl7]v tov
T0T6 (TvixpdvTa Iv ry iroXei Oopv^ov uare /lev aTraz^re?,
IJLiicpa 8' dfcovaare o/ulco^;, avra Tava<yKaiOTaTa.
iGs 'Eairepa [lev yap r]Vy rjKe h ayyeXkcov rt? 0)9 Tou<i
iTpvTdveL<; w? ^EXdreca KarecXTjirTaL. Kao fiera raura
ol fiev ev6v<^ e^avaaTavTe<i jiera^v SeL7rvovvT€<; rov^ t e/c
TQ)V cTKTjvcov Tcov Kara T7]v ayopav e^elpyov Kat ra yeppa
eveirl/JLTrpacrav, ol 8e tou? (TTparrjyov^; ixeTeTrefJurovTO /cat,
TOV craXTTcyKTrjV etcakovVj Kao 6opv/3ov ifKriprj^ rjv r;
7roA,t9. Trj S' varepala afia ttj rjfiepa ol jjuev TTpvTavei<^
rr]v PovXr]v eicdXovv eU to fiovXevrriptov, v/jLeU S et? 23i
• rrjv 6KK\rj(TLav eTTopeveaOe, Kai irpcv eKetvi-jv '^^pTj/iaTicrai
70 Kol TrpojSovXevaai 7ra? o 8rj/jL0<i avco KaOrJTO. Kac fjuera
ravra co? eiarjXdev rj JBovXt], Kai aTTr]yyeiXav oi irpv-
TciveL^ rd irpoorrjyyeXfjieva eavTol<^ Kai tov rjKOVTa ira-
pj\yayov KaKelvo'^ elirev, 7]p(i)Ta [lev a /cr]pv^, Tt9 ayo-
pevecv jSovXerac ; Uaprjec S ovZeL<^. UoXXaKL^ he
TOV KripvKO<i epcoT(x)VTO<; ovBev puaXXov avtaTaT ouSet?,
drrdvTcov fiev tcov aTpaTrjycov TrapovTcov, aTTavTcov Se
TCOV prjTopcoVy KaXovar]<; Be Trj<; 7raTpiSo<; r^ KOLvrj cj^cov^
TOV epovvO^ virep crcoT7]pca<; * rjv yap o KTjpv^ Kara tov<;
vo/xov<i (pcovTjV acpLTjcn, TavTTjv KOLVTjv T7]<i 7raTpLSo<; Bi-
i7i Katov earcv riyelaOai. KanoL ei /xev tov<; acoOrjvai tt^v
ttoXlv /3ouXoyCteVou9 irapeXOelv eBec, 7ravT6<; av vfiel^; Kai
'jt dXXot ^ AO-qvaloi avaaTavT6<; eiTL to ^ijua e^aBc^eTe*
irdvTe<^ ydp, otS' otc, acoOrjvai avTi]V rjjBovXeaOe • eu Be
TOL'9 7rXovaLcoTaTov<;, oi TpiaKoaior ei oe tov<; ajjLcpoTepa
nEPIT0Y2TE*AN0Y. 57
raura, Kac evvov^ rrj TroXei Kai irkovaLOV^, oo fiera
ravra ra? fi€ya\a<i eirihoaeL^ eirihovie^; * KaL yap
evvoLO. Kai irkovrcp tout eTroiTjcrav. AX\ , a»9 eciicev, i72
eKeLvo<i Kacpo<i Kat rj rjfjLepa eKecvrj ov /jlovov evvovv
Kai TrkovcTiOV avBpa eKoKei, aXka Kat nraprfKoXov-
OrjKOTa roL<; Trpayfiacnv e^ (^PXV'^> '^^^ crvWeXoyicr/jie-
10V op6a)<; TLVO<i evEKa ravr eirparrev 6 ^lXlttttoi; Kac
Ti ^ov\o/jL€vo<; ' 6 yap firj ravr etSco? fji7]B 6^7]raK(o<;
iroppcdOev e7rt/xe\w9, ovt eu evvovv r)v ovr eu irXovcno^,
ovBev jJLoXKov rj/xeWev o tl '^prj iroielv euaeaOai ovS
v/jllv k^ecv avfM/3ov\€uecv.
Ec^avrfv TOLVVV ovto^ ev e/cecvT] rrj t]/ji€pa eyw, Kat m
irapekOcDV elirov et? vpua^, a jiov Svolv eve/c uKovaare
i86 7rpoGexovT6<; Tov vovv ' evo<; /lev, lv eiBrjre ore fiovo<;
To)v XeyouTcov Kau TroXirevo/jievcov eyco ttjv t^? €vvoia<^
ra^tv ev to?? Zeivol'^ ovk eXiirov, aXXa Kai Xeycov Kat,
ypa^wv e^Tjra^ofirjv ra Seov6 virep vjjboiv ev avTOL<; tol<;
(po^epo2<; • erepov Be, on puKpov avaXci)cravTe<; ^(^povov
TToX-Xft) 7rpo<; ra Xonra t?}? ttcact?;? 7roXiTeLa<; ecread
euireiporepoL.
EIttov TOivvVy ore tov<^ [lev o)? vTrap-^ovTcov Otj- 174
fiatcov ^iXcTTTrq) Xiav Oopv^ovpuevov^; ayvoelv
ra nrapovra ir pay puaO rjyovfiaL. Ev yap olB
on, et Tovd ovTQ)<^ eTvy')(^avev e'^ov, ovk av av-
Tov rjKOvofiev ev EXareta ovra, aXX eir l tol'?
Tjixerepoi'^ 6ptoi<}. On fievroc lv eTOCfia ttolt]'
arjrac ra ev Grj^at'^ rjKei, aa(f>a)<i eTnarap^ai,
58
AHMOSeENOYS
l7o il 9 S ^X^^' ^^V^) ravTa a/covcrare /xov. Ek6c*
•
TrarrjaaL evrjv, airavra^ tjvt peir tarai, rof? o
aiT cipxV'^ av6eaT7)K0Ta^ avrw Kai vvv evavTL-
ov fiev ov; ovBafi(i}<; irelaai hvvarai. Tc ovv
^ovXerat, Kau tlvo<; eveica ti]v EXareiav Karei-
Xrjcpev ; TlXrjcr lov Euvaficv Bei^as; Kau irapa-
o-Tr)aa<; ra oirXa tov<; /xev eavrov (^lXov<^ eirapai,
Kau 6paael<^ iroLrjaai, rov<; S evavnov fievov<^
KaraTrXrj^ac, lv tj crvyx^pv^^^^ (pofSijOevre^; a
uevvv ovK eOeXovaiv, tj ^iacr6cD<j lv. El fiev toc-
vvv Trpoatprjaofied 7;//-e?9, €(f)7]v, ev rep irapovri,
€(, TL ovaKoXov TT eirpaKTai ©Tj^aco l^ 7rpo<i rjfia^i,
TOVTOV /i€fiv7]cr6aL Kau airLCTTelv avTo2<; co? ep rfj
Tcov e-^dpcov ovcTL iiepthi, irpwrov fiev a av ev-
^aiTO ^^XtTTTTO? 7ro(.riao/jL€V, elra (f)o/3ov/iac /xt]
TT poaZe^ajievcov tcov vvv avdecrrr) kotcov avro) KUL^Si
fita yvoifiTj TravTcov <p lXltttt LcravTcov et9 ttjv At-
rLKi)V eXOwcTLV a/Kporepot. ^Hv /levroc iTeicr6r)T
eiJbOL Kau 7rpo<; rw crKOireLV uXXa //,?/ <pi\oveLK6LV
irepL oiv ctv Xeyct) jevrjcrd e, olfjbai Kau ra Beovra
Xeyecv Bo^eiv Kao rov ecpearrjKora KivBuvovirj
nroXec BtaXvcreLV.
77 T c OVV (pTj /jll Belv ; Tlpcorov fxev rov irapovra
eiravelvai (})o/3ov, elra fieraOecrdat Ka\ cfyo/Sel-
aOat 7ravTa<; virep © 7)/3aLCDV ' iroXv yn-p rcdv Set-
vwv eiaiv ij/xcov eyyvr epw, xac tt porepoi^ avroL<i
IIEPIT0Y2TE$AN0Y. 5^
ecTTiV o KivBvvo<i ' eireiT e^e\6ovTa<; EXeval-
vaSe Tou<; ev i]\t>KLa Kau tov^ iirir^a^ Bel^ai, ira-
(TLV vfjLa<; avTov<; ev tol<; oTrXot? ovTa<^, iva Tol<i
ev &r]^ac(; <ppovov(TC ra vfjuerepa e^ ccrov ye-
vrjrac to TrappTjaca^eaOat Trepc rcov hiKavoav,
iBovacv ore, (ocnrep to2<; ircoXovcri, ^lXlititw ttjv
irarpiSa irapeaO rj /SorjOrjcrovcra hvvaiiL'^ ev
EXareta, ovrco rot? virep T'f]<; eXevOepca^; ajco'
vt^eaOao ^ovXofJbevoi^ vTrap^e^ v/jL€l<i kroifioi
Kol ^OT]07]crer , eav rt? eir avTov<i otj. Mera '^i
ravTa '^eLporovrjo-ai. KeXevco Se/ca ir p e a jS e l <i,
Koi TTOirjcrai, tovtov^ Kvpvovi fiera rcov arpa-
TTjjcov Kat Tov TTore Bel (BaBu^eiv eKelae Kai tt]^
e^oBov, EirecBav B eXOcoaiv ot irpea ^eL<; et?
Gr}fia<;, ttco? '^p7]aaa6ac Ta> Trpay/iari Trapac-
V(o ; TovTO) iravv fjuov irpoo-e^ere rov vovv. Mrj
BelcrOav Orj^aicov fiTjBev (^a c cr '^ p o <} y^ip o Kai-
po^^, aW eirayyeWeaOai. Po7]dri(retv, eav /ce-
Xeuftxrti^, CO? eKecvcov ovtq)v ev rol^ ea')(^aTOL<;,
fjficov Be a/juetvov tj Kelvot to fieWov 7rpoopco/j,e'
vwv * iv eav fiev Be^covrac TavTa /cal Treicrdoocrtv
288 rj/jilv, Kat, a jSovXofjieda cofiev BiWKrj fjuevoi Kat
fJU€Ta 7rpoa'^7]fjbaTO<^ a^tov Tr]<; TroXeoj? TavTa
irpa^cjfiev, eav B apa /jlt] av/jL^j} KaraTV^ecv,
€KelvoL jjuev eavrol^; eyKaXoocriv, av ri vvv e^a-
fiapravcoaLV, rjfjilv Be fjurjBev aia'^pov fjLrjBe Tairet,-
vov f) TreTTpayfjuevov.
60 AHMOSeENOYS
J79 Tavra Kac irapaifKr^cna tovtol<; euircov Kare^rfv*
AVveiraLveaavTuyv be ttuvtcov Kai ovoevos €L7rovTO<; evav-
TLov ovSev, ovK elirov [lev Tavra, ovk eypa-y^ra Be, ovB
eypayjra fiev, ovk eirpea^evcra Be, ovB eirpecr^evaa fiev,
OVK eTreiaa Be Qr]l3aiov<^ ' aXK airo r?}? «/3%^9 Bia
TrdvTcov a-^pL ttJ? TeXeuT?}? Bie^rfKOov, Kai eBcoK e/iavTov
vp2v dir\w<^ et? tov<; TrepcearrjKorafi rfj irdXei klvBvvov<;,
Kat fioi cf^epe to '\ln]<pLaijLa to Tore yevofievov, —
80 Kai^oL TLva (SovXei ae, Aia'^Lvrj, Kac Ttva e/jLavTov
eK€Lvr)v Tr]v Tjfxepav elvai 6co ; Bov\et epuavrov /lev, ov
av av \otBopovjJievo<; Kac Btaavpcov KaXecrai^; BaraXov,
ae Be /htjB r/po) tov TV^ovTa, aXka tovtcov Tiva tcdv
UTTO T^9 crK7]vrjf;, Kp€cr(f)0VT7]v 7) Kpeovra r] ov ev Ko-
\vTTa> TTore Ocvofjuaov KaKo<i KaKw^ v7roKpLvofjbevo<^ evre-
Tpi'^a'i ; Tore tolvvv Kar eKelvov rov Katpov o Haia-
VL€v<^ eyco BaraXo'? Oivofiaov tov KoOcokcBov aov
7r\elopo<; d^LO<i wv edtavrjv ttj TrarptBt. Sv fiev <ye ovBev
ovBa/xov yprjcrtyLto? rjaOa ' eyco Be iravra baa TrpoarJKe
TOV ayaOov iroXtTrjv eTrparrov,
Aeye to yjrr](l)tajjba.
^H<3>I2MA AHMOSGENOYS.
ej 'Etti (ipxovTos T^avcnKKsovs, (f)v\TJs Trpvravevova-ijs Alavribos, '2ki-
po<pooicovos €<TT] eVt 5e/cn, Arjpoadevqs ATjjjLoa^evovs Uaiavievs eiTrev
^Ettci^t] fPiXtTTTTOs 6 MuKe^ovcov ^aaiXevs ev re too TrapeXrjKvdoTi ■)(p6vw 289
TTupaldaivcov cpaiveraL ras yeyevJjpevas avTco avv6i]Kas npos tov ^Adrj-
vaioiv drjpov nepl rrjs elprjvrjs, virepidcov tovs opKovs koX to. napa
nacrt T0I.9 EXXt^cti vopi^opeva eivat diKaia, K(ii TroXfiy Trapaipelrai,
ovdev avT(o Trpoarjuovcras, rivcis Se Koi ^Adrjvaicav ovaas dopiakaiTOVS
TrenoirjKfv ovdev rrpoadLKtjBels inro tov drfpov rov ^ Aflnvaiav, €V rf T<p
nEPITOYSTE^ANOY. 61
TrapovTi inl noXv Trpodyei rfj oijiorr^ri • koX yap 'EXkrjvL^as rroXeis 182
ay fiei/ eficbpovpovs Trotei koI tcis TTokiTelas KaraXvei, Tivas de Kal
i^avhpaiTobL^opevos KaraaKaTTTet, els ivias 8e koI dvrl EX\tjvu)V ^ap-
^dpovs KciTOLKL^eL iiTL TCI UpcL KoX Tovs Tucfyovs indycDV, ov8ev aWo-
rpiov TTOLcov ovT€ ttjs euvTov Trarptdos ovre tov rporrov, Kai Tjj vvv
avTO) Trapova-T] tvxj] KaraKopcos xP^H-^^^^y eTrtXeXrycr/iei/os iavrov on
€K fiiKpov Kol TOV TvxovTos yeyovev dveXTTLCTTcos peyas. — Kai eas 133
/H6V TToXet? iapa 7rapatpovp.€vov avTov ^apjSdpovs kol Idias, v77eXa/i-
^av€V eXaTTov etvai 6 ^ijpos 6 ^AOrjvalcov to els avTov TrXrjppeXe'io-.Oaf
vvv de opcbv 'EXXrjvidas TroXeis tcis pev v^pi^opevas, tcis 8e dvacrrd-
TOVS yiyvopevas, heivov TjyelTai elvai Kai dvd^iov ttjs Ta>v npoyovcov
86^r]s TO TTepiopdv tovs "EKXrjvas KaTa8ov\ovpevovs. Ato 8edoKrai 134
TT] jSovXt) Ka\ Tco 8r]pcp Tcp ^Adrjvaicov, ev^apevovs Ka\ BvaavTas Tols
Beols KoX TJpcoa-L to7s KaTexovcn ttjv ttoXiv Kal Tqv x^P<^^ '''h^ 'A6t)-
vaicov, KOI ev6vpT]6evTas ttjs tcov rrpoyovcov dpeTijs (Stort nepl irXeio-
i90 vos eiTOLOvvTO TTjv TCOV 'EXXtjvcov eXevBeplav biarqpelv rj ttjv ISiav
iraTpida), diaKoaias vavs KaOeXKeiv els Tr}v OdXaTTav Ka\ tov vavapxov
dvairXelv evTOS UvXav, Ka\ tov crTpaTqybv Kal tov lintapxov tcis neCdg
Kal Tas iTrTTLKcis 8vvdpeLS 'EXevalvdde i^dyeiv • Trepyj/ai 8e Kal Tfpe-
o-^eis Tvpos tovs aXXovs "EXXi^vas, rrpcoTov de Trdvrcov Tvpos Qrj^aiovs
bid TO eyyvTUTOi etvat tov ^lXlttttov tPjs eKeivoov x^P"^' TrapaKaXelv 135
he avTovs pr]8ev KaTanXayevras tov ^lXlttttov dvrex^crdai ttjs eavTcov
Kal TTJs Toiv aXXcov 'EXXt}vo)v eXevdeplas ' Kal otl 6 ^AdT]vaicov drjpoSy
ovdev pvrjaiKaKOiv ei tl npoTepov yeyovev dXXoTpiov Tats TroXecri irpos
dXXT)Xas, ^oTjO^o-ei Kal bvvdpecri. Kal XPIP-^'^'- '^^'^ ^eXecn Kal onXoiSj
elBois OTL avTols pev npos dXXrjXovs diapfpLaidrjTelv nepl ttJs rjyepo-
vias ovcriv ''EXXt](xi KaXov, vjro de dXXocpvXov dvOpdonov apxea-6aL Kal
T^s TjyepovLas dnocTTepelaOaL dvd^iov elvat Kal t^s tcov 'EXXtjvcov
do^rjs Kal TT^s TCOV irpoyovcov dpeTr]S. "Eti, be ovbe dXXoTptov TjyelTai' 136
elvai 6 'AdrjvaLcov b^pos tov erj^aicov brjpov ovT€ Tjj crvyyeveia ovt€
TO) SpocpvXco. ^ AvapLpvr]CTKeTai be Kal Tas Ta>v npoyovcov tcov eavTov
els Toiis Qrj^aicov rrpoyovovs evepyecrlas ' Kal yap tovs 'UpaKXeovs
TToibas dnoa-Tepovpevovs vno UeXonovvrjcTLCov ttJs TraTpcpas dpxrjs
KaTTjyayov, toIs ottXols KpaTrjaavTes tovs dvTL^alveiv neipcopevovs toIs
'UpaKXeovs eyyovois, Kal tov OlbiTrovv Kal tovs per eKelvov eKire-
CTOVTas virebe^dpeOa, Kal eTepa iroXXd rjpTy VTrdpxei (piXdvOpcoTra Kal
fil evbo^a rrpos OrjlSaiovs. AtoVep ovbe vvv dnoo-TrjaeTaL 6 'AQrjvaicov IS7
br]pos TCOV Qrj^aiois re Kal fols aXXois "eXXtjcti crvp(f)ep6vTcov. 2vv-
BeadaL be irpos avTovs Kal crvp^axi-av kol eTTiyapiav noLTjo-aadai /cat
opKovs bovvai Kal XajBelv. — Upecr^eLS Aijpou-devTjs ArjpocrOevovs
Uaiavievs, 'Yneplbrjs 'KXedvbpov 2(pT]TTios, Mvr]cTideibT]s 'AvTi(pdvovs
^pedpptos, AT]p.oKpdTr]s ^cocpiXov ^Xvevs, KdXXaicrxpos AioTipov
KodcoKibrjs.
62 AHM02eEN0Y2
iss AvTT] 7(hv irepi Srij3a<^ eyiyvero Trpayfjuarcov ^pXV '^^^
KaTaaraai^ Trpcorr), ra Trpo rovrcov et? e'^Opav Kai fjaao^;
Kol airicrTLav rcov iroXecov vTrrjyfievcov viro tovtcop,
TovTO TO yjrrjCpLO'fia rbv Tore rrj iroXec irepiaTavTa Kivov-
vov irapeXOelv eTTolrjaev (ocnrep ve^o<^. 'Hv fiev tolvvv
Tov BiKalov ttoXltov Tore Sel^ac iraaiv, ei tl tovtcov
lS9 €l:)(ev afjuecvov, firj vvv eircri/iav, O yap (tvimPovXo<;
Kol auK0(f)dvT7]<;, ovhe rcov dXXcov ovBev eoLKOT€<;, ev
TOVTO) TrXelcFTOV aXXrikwv Sia(f)6povaiv • o fM€v ye irpo
T(op Trpay/jLciTcov yv(0[i7]v aTrocpatveTac, Kat oiowcnv avTov
VTrevOvvov toI<; TretaOelaL, Ty tv^tj, rot? Kaipoi^y toj
l3ovXo/jLev(p ' 6 Se aty7]aa<; tjvlk eSec Xeyeiv, av tl ova/co-
190 Xov aviiprj, TOVTO fiaaKaivet. 'Hv /xev ovv, oirep elirov,
€K€lvo<i 6 KaLpo<; TOV ye (j)povTL^ovTO<; avhpo<; r^? TroXeo)?
kclI twv SiKalcov Xoycov • eyco Be TocravTrjv vrrep^oXrjv
iroiovfiac cocrTe av vvv e^r) rt? Bel^ac tl ^eXTLOv, r] oXtw?
et TL aXXo evTjV ttXtjv wv ey(o 7rpoetXo/jLT]v, aScKelv Ofio-
Xoyco. El yap eaO' o tl rt? vvv ewpaKev, o avv7]veyKev
av TOTe 'TTpa-^dev, tovt eyco (prjfiL Belv efxe fir) XaOelv,
Et ce /jLT]t eaTL fMrjTe rjv fir^T av eiireLV e^^oL p.r]Oei<^
pLrjheirw kol Tripuepov, tl tov avfifiovXov eyprjv iroLelv ; 292
Ov Tcov (paivo/jLevcov kol evdvTcov ra KpaTLaTa eXeaOaL ;
191 TovTO TOLVVV eTTOLijaa eyo), tov Kr]pvKO<; epcoTcovTO<^,
Ala^LVTj, r/? ayopeveLV ^ovXeTaL, ov, rt? aLTia-
a-Oai irepl twv irapeXTjXvOoTcov, ovBe rt? eyyu-
aadaL tcl fieXXovT eoreaOaL. Xov S acpcovov Kar
€K€LV0V(y T0v<; -^povov^i €v Tat? eKKXr^aLaL^ KaOrjfxevov,
HEPITOYS TENANCY. 63
eyo) irapLCDV eXeyov. ETretSr] 8 ov tgt6, dWa vvv
oec^ov, eLire Ti9 r] Xoyo^;, ovtlv e-^prjv evpelv, 77 Katpo^i
a-viJL(f>epwv VTT e/jLov irapeKeKJpOrj rfj Trokei ; TU Se
av/j./jLa'^ia, tl<; irpa^i'^^ e(p 7]v fiaWov eBei fie ayayelv
TovTovac ;
AWa fiTjv TO fiev irapekrfkvOo'; aei wapa Tracrcv I92
a(f)€LTac, Kau ovhei<^ Trepc tovtou TrpondrjaLV ovSa/xov
^ovKnqv • to Be fieWov t] to irapov T7]v tov avfxlBovkov
Ta^iV airaiTel. T0T6 tolvvv tu ju,ev rjixeXkev, &)? eSoKei,
Tcov Secvcov, Ta B rjBrj Trap^jv, ev ol<; Trjv Trpoacpeacv fiov
(TKoirei, T?79 iroXiTela^^i /jl^ Ta av/jL/SavTa avK0(f)avT€L,
To /JL€V yap irepa^ c59 av Bac/jLcov /SovXijOrj iravTcov
yiyveraiy 77 Be Trpoaipeai^ avTr] ttjv tov av/x^ovkov
Biavoiav BrfKoL. Mr) Brj tovto co? aBiKrj/jia efiov 6r)<^, et I93
KpaTTjcrac avve^Tj ^iXiinra ttj fia-^r) • ep yap Ta> 6ea> to
TovTOV reAO? rjv, ov/c ev e/juot, • aA-A, 0)9 ov^ airavTa ocra
eprjv KaT avOpcoircvov Xoytcr/jLov etXofirjv, Kau BiKaiw^i
TavTa Kac eirLfjieXa)'^ eirpa^a Kau ^CKoirovw^ virep Bvva-
[ivVi 7] 0)9 ou KaXa Kat ttJi^ 7roXe(W9 a^ta TrpaypuaTa
€veaT7)crap,7]v Kac avay/cala, TavTa fioo Bec^ov, Kat tot
tjBt] KaTTjyopec [xov, Et B o avfi^a^ aK7]7rT0<i ^t] ^ei- 191
fjLcov^ fjLTj fjiovov rjfjiojVi aWa Kat iravTcov tcov aW(ov
m EWrivcov fzet^cov yeyove, Tt '^ptj 7rote2v ; Slairep av
€t Tt<; vavicK/qpov iravT eirt crcoTTjpta irpa^avTa Kat Traat,
KaTaaKevaoravTa to ifKolov a<p (ov vTreXajut^ave awOr)-
aeaOaty euTa '^ei/Jicovt '^^prjcrafMevov Kat TTOvrjcravTcov avTO)
7WV cTKevcov 77 Kat (TVVTpt^evTcov 6Xct)9, T?59 vavayta<$
64 AHMOSGENOYS
alriwro. 'A\}C ovr eKv/Sepvcov r^v vavv, <^i\a€Lep
av (coairep ouS' ea-Tparrijovv e'yco), ovre t?;? tvxV^
Kvpio^ 7]V, aXX' e/celvr) tcov iravrcov.
65 AXX' efcelvo Xojl^ov koI opa' el fiera 07]^aLcov
rip2v dycovL^o/jLevot<^ ovtco^ elfLapro irpa^ai, n XPV^
TTOoaSoKav, el fJbrjBe tovtov^ eaxoj^^v avfifj^axov^, aWa
^iXltttto) irpoaeOevTO, virep ou tot enelvo^ iraaa^
u(^riKe (pcovd<; ; Kol el vvv Tpiwv rjjJbepcov airo Trj<; Attl-
KTJ^ oBov T-^? /^ct^^9 jevofievT]'? ToaovTO<; klvSvvo^ KUt
^d,3o^ TrepteaTT] Tr}v rroKiv, tI av, el ttov ttj^ X^P^^
ravTO TOVTO ttci^o? avve^r], TrpoaBoKTJaai, XPV'^ > '-^P
olaO^ oTi vvv fiev GTrivai, crvveXOelv, avajrvevcrat,
iroWa fila rjfxepa koI Sl/o Kat Tpeh , ehoaav TOiv et?
acoTTjplav TYj iToXei • ToVe S' — , ovic d^iov elirelv a j6
it?;Se irelpav eScoKe Oecnv tlvg^ evvoia Kat to nrpo^aXeaOai
TT)V TToXiv rauTrjV ttjv av/ifjiax^cii', V^ cr'J /carT/yopet?.
196 "EaTL he ravTl iravTa fiOL tci ttoXXu irpo^ vixa^,
avBpe^ BtKao-Tal, koI tov^ irepteo-TrjKOTa^ e^coOev koI
d-KpoWfJievov^, eirel irpo^ ye tovtov tgv KaTairTvaTov
^paxy^ Kol aa(j)r]<; e^VipKec X0709. El ftev jap rjv act,
nTpoBrjXa tcl fjueXXovTa, Alax^^^V> fJ^dvrp tcov aXXcov, ot
l/SovXeveO^ rj ttoXi^ irepX tovtcov, tot eSe»7rpoX€yeiv.
El Be fJLTj TTpo^Bei^y T?}? auT?}? dyvo[a<; virevOvvo^; el Toh
aXXoL<; • M(7T€ TV fjLoXXov efjLOU av TavTa KaT7]yope2<; rj 2;>i
197 iyo) GOV ; Toctovtov yap a/ieivcov eyco aov t-oXlt7j<;
yey ova el? avTci TavO^ a Xeyco (^Kac ovirco irept tcov .
aXXcov hiaXeyoixai), oaov eyco fxev eScoKa cfiavTOV et? Ta
HEPITOYSTE^ANOY. ^
TracTi BoKovvra (TVf.'(j)ep6LV, ovhiva kIvBvvov 0Kvriaa<; lBcov
ovB^ vTroXoytad/xevof;, cru Be ov6^ erepa elire^ Peknoy
TOVT(DV (ov yap av rovTOik e^pwvro), ovr et? ravra i
ypr,(TLfjLOV ovBev aavTOV irapea^e<^^ birep B av o (pavXo-
"rarof; kclI BvafJL€veaTaTo<; av6p(oiro<^ rf) iroXei, tovto
'n €77017] K0}<; eirl Tot? crv/JilSacnv e^iyracraL • Kat afia ApL-
a-rparo^ ev Na^o) Koi, ^ ApL(TTo\e(£><^ ev Oacrcp, ol KaOaira^
eyOpol T?7? iroXeco^, tov<^ AOrjvaLwv Kpivovai (fxXou^, Kat
*A6riv7]cnv Ala^iVT]'^ Ar^iioadivov^ KarrjyopeL. Kairoi i93
OTCO TCL Tcov *EWriv(ov drvxTifiaTa evevhoKLfielv aTreKeiro,
diTokwXevai fjLoWov ovto^ eari hUauo^ rj KaTrjjopetv
irepov Kal oro) avvev'r]VO')(acnv ol avroo Kacpoi Kac rot?
T^9 TToXeo)? eyjdpol^, ovk eve tovtov evvovv elvai ttj
irarplBi,. AtjXoI^ he koI e^ o)V ^rj<; Kac Trotet? Ka(, ttoXl-
revT} Kal ttoXlv ov TroXirevrj. TlpaTieraL tl tcov vfXLV
SoKovvTcov (TV/i(j)€peLV * d(j)a)vo<; Al(T')(^lv7]^, AvreKpovae
rt, Kol yeyovev olov ovk eSet • irapeariv Alo-'^lvt]^*
" flairep to, priyfiara Kal rd a-Traa/jLara, brav ti KaKOV
TO awfia Xa^Tj, tot6 KiveiTai.
^EiretEr} Be iroXv^ rot? aviJiPep7]KdaLv eyKeiTai, ^ov- 19£
Xofxai TL Kal irapdBo^ov elirelv. Kat fjLov, 7rpo<; Aco<;
Kal 6ewv, [Jb7)BeL<^ t7]v virep^oXriv davfjuaar), aXXa fiCT
evvoLa<i o Xejw OecoprjcrdTa). El yap r]V aTraat irpoBrfXa
TO- fJLeXXovTa yevr]aea6aiy kol irporjBeaav 7ravTe<;, Kai
av TTpovXeye'^, AIct'X^Ivt], kol BiefiapTvpov jSocov Kai Ke-
rns Kpay(o<;, 09 ovB^ ecpdey^co, ovB oi/tcw? airoaTaTeov ttj
TToXei TovTcov f)Vy ebirep r) Bo^rj'^ rj irftoyovcov r) tov
6*
66 A H M O 2 E N Y 2
?"0 /jL6Wovro<; ai,(ovo<; eL')(e \oyov. Nvv [lev ye a7roTV)((fLV
BoK^l rcov Trpay/jbarcov, o iraac kolvov earcv av6p(j07roi<;,
brav 7 CO 6ea) ravra SoKtj • rore B a^tovcra TrpoeaTuvai
Tcou aWcov, elr airoaracra rovrov, ^CKLnriTcp TrpoBeBco-
Kevac iravra^ av ecr^ei^ auTLav. El yap ravra irpoeuro
aKOVcrc, Trepc o)v ovheva KLvhvvov hvnv ov^ vTre/jueivav
ol TrpoyovoL, ri<i ovyi Karerrrvcrev av crov ; Mr} yap
201 T7;9 TToXeo)? ye, /jL7]d e/iov. Tcac B ocf)6a\iJ,OL<; tt^o?
-<di09 eaypcofiep av tou9 et? rrjv ttoXlv avdpwirov^ acpc-
KVov/JLevov;, ei ra [lev rrpaypLar et? oirep vvvi ireptearT],
rjye/jiCDV Be kol Kvpio^ Vp^^V ^^^iTTTTO? aTravrcov, rov o
V77\p rov fir] yeveaOat ravr aywvd erepoi ywpi'^ ijfjiwv
rjoav TreTTOiTj/jLevoc • Kac ravra [iT^BeTTwirore rrj<; TroXeoj?
ev roi^ e/XTrpoorde ypovot^; aacpaXeiav aBo^ov /xaWov ?;
20-2 rov vrrep rcov KaXwv klvBvvov rjp7]/jLevr]<;. Tl^ yap ovfc
oJBev 'EWrjVcov, ri<; Be ^ap^dpcov, ore kol irapa ©rj-
paiwv Kol rrapa rcov ert, rovrcov irporepov uayjjpwv
yevofxevcov AaKeBaifioviCDV Kab rrapa rov Uepawv jSacn-
Xeo)? /lera ttoWtJ? '^dpiro^ rovr av aafjuevcof; eBoQ-q rfj
iroXei, re ^ovXerac Xa/Sovcrr} kol ra eavrrj^^ e-^ovar) ro
KeXevo/jLevov iroielv koI eav krepov rcov EXX7]vcov irpoe-
tKi ardvai. ^AXX^ ovk r]v rav6\ w<i eoiKe, rol<^ ror A6i]-
vaioL^ rrarpia ovo aveKra ovb e/jLcpvra, ovo r)0vvrjU7]
TTcoTTore rr)v rroXiv ovBeL<; e/c rravro'^ rov '^povov irelaai,
rol^ layvovcrt fiev fxr] BUata Be rrparroVcn rrpoaOepLevqv
da^aXco<^ BovXeveuv, dXX^ aycovL^ofxevr] rrept irpcoreicov
KCLi rLiiri<^ Kcu Bu^r}<^ KivBvvevovaa rravra rov aicova
BiarereXeKev.
HEPITOYSTE^ANOY. 67
i96 Kal ravd' ovro) ae/iva koI TrpoarjKOvra loh ufiere- 2M
pOL^ i]6eaiv vixei<i v7ro\a/jLl3av6T elvai, coare Kac rwv
TTpoyovcov TOL"? TUVTa 7rpa^avTa<i ^akiar eiraLveure •
elicoTW^. Tl<; yap ov/c av dydaatro tcov avSpwv eKecvcov
Trj<; dperrji}, di kclI ttjv %cop<zi^ Kai, ti]V ttoXlv eKkiireiv
xmefjueivav eh ra? rpiripeL^ e/n/Savre^ virep rov fxrj to
Ke\evd[i€vov iroirjaat, rov fiev ravra av/j^/SovXeucravTa
Qe^iCTTOKkia arpaTTnyov eko^evoL, rov 3 vrraKoveiv
d7ro(f)7]vd/jL€vov TOt? e7rLrarrofievoL<; KvpacXov KaraXc-
6di(7avre<^y ov fiovov avrov, aWa Kau av yvvaiK€<; ai
v^erepai rriv yvvoLKa avrov. Ov yap e^rjrovv oi ror 205
^AdrjvaloL ovre prjTopa ovre arparrjyov Bo brov EovXev-
Govaiv evrvx^'^y oX>^ ovSe ^rjv tj^lovv 6l fir] /xer eXev
Bepla^ e^iarai rovro rrocetv. 'Hyelro yap avrwv €Ka-
cro^ ovxl ra> rrarpl Kal ry firjrpl fiovov yeyevrja-Oac,
dwd Kal rf) rrarpih, Jtacj^epei Se n ; On fiev
roh yovevai fiovov yeyevrjaOai, vofic^cov rov rr)<^ etfiap-
fiev7](; Kal rov avrofiarov Odvarov irepLfieveL, o Be Kau
rf) TrarplBc virkp rov firj ravrrjv einBelv BovXevovcrav
diroOvqa-iceiv e6eXri(T€C, Kal (pojSepcorepa^ i)yiqaerai ra?
vppeis Kal Ta? drt/JLia^, a? ev BovXevovarj ry iroXet
(pepeiv avayKT], rov Oavarov.
El fiev roLVVV rovr eTre^eZ/oow Xeyetv, co? dpa eyco 206
rrpQ-i\yayov vfia<; d^ta rwv irpoyovcov (ppoveiv, ovk eaO
oan^ ovk av ecKoro)^ hnrifiriaeii fioi. Nvv S* eyco fiev
Vfierepa<i rd<; rotavra^; irpoaLpeaei'; aTrocpacvco, Kau Bei-
KVVfii on Kal IT pi) efJLOv rovr el^^ ro (ppovrjfia t] ttoX^?,
68 AHMOSeENOYS
T77? fxevTOi BLafcovia<^ t^? ecp eKaaroi^ tgov 7r€7rpay/jLep(ov
207 Kal ejJLavTco /lerelvat (prjfii • ovTO<i Be rcov o\wv KaTr^yo- 297
pu)V, Kekevcov vjjLa<; e/ioL 7riKpw<i ^X^^^ ^^ (})o^cov Kau
KLvhvvcov alriq) rrj iroXei, Tr]<; [lev et? to irapov TtjJ.7]<;
efjue aTToareprjaai, yXi^erat, ra 8 et? a-Travra top Xolttov
Xpovov eyKWfiLa v/iwv acpaipelrai,. Eo yap ft)? ov ra
jSeXTLara e/iov TToXirevaafievov tovSl KaroAlrTjcfiLelaGe,
TjfMapTTjKevai, Bo^ere, ov ry r?}? tv^V^ ayvwfioavvrj ra
20B av/i^dvra iraOelv. AXK ovfc eanv, ovk eariv birw<^
7]/jLapTeT€, avSp6<; A6'r]valoi, rov vrrrep ry<i airavTwv
6\evdepla<^ kclI (7(0Tr]pia<; klvBvvov apufievoL, pua tgv<;
MapaOwvi TrpoKLvBvvevaavra^ twv Trpoyovcov kul tov^
ev TI\aTaial<^ irapara^apievov^; Kai tou<; ev XaXaplvL
vaviJba'X'f]aavTa^ Kav rou? evr Apre/jLLaiw Kac ttoXXcu?
eT6pov<; T0U9 ev toI<; Br]/JLOcrLOi<^ /jLV7]fjbaaL Kec/ievov^; aya-
6ov^ avBpa^, ov'^ cnTavTa<; o/jLOCCo^ tj ttoXl^ rrj^; avTr}<^
d^Lcoaaaa rifjurj^; eOayfrev, Aicrx^vri, ovx} tov<; Karopdcv-
o-avTa<; avrcov ovBe Tov<i Kparr^aavra^; fjLopov<;. AiKaLOi^*
o fiev yap rjv ayaOwv avBpwv epyov, airaai TreirpaiCTaif
TTj Tvvrj S', Tjv 6 Bat/jLCOV eveLfiev e/cacrroi?, ravrrj ' Ke-
XP'^i'Tai.
Vy3 "KireiT, 0) Kardpare Kai ypafjup^aroKvcpcov, ov fiev irj'^
nrapa rovrcovc TLfjir}<; Kau (f)LXav6pco7ri,a<; e/M aTrocrreprjaai,
^ovXo/jLevo^;, rpoTrata Kau p^a^a^ Kat iraXaui epya eXeye?,
o)V T/yo9 irpooreBelro jrapcov aycov ovroai ; E/ie Be,
o) T per aycov tar a, rov Trept rcov irpcoreLoyv aufx/SouXov rrj
iroXei irapiovra to tlvo<; ^povrjiia Xa^ovr ava^acvetu
UEPITOfSTE^ANOY. 69
e-TTt TO p7]fjb €0€L / lo Tov TOVTCOV ava^ia epovvTO<; ;
dcKatco^ fjuevTav airiOavov. ^Eirel ouB' u/xa?, avSpe<; 2ifl
? AOrjvaloi, airb rrj'^ aurr]<i SiavoLa<; Bel ra? re tSm? ot/^a?
«cat ra? Br//jLoaLa<i Kpiveiv, aXXa ra }iev rou /cad rjfiepav
3tov crvpipoKaLa eirl Tchv cBlcov voficov Kau epycov aKO
rrovvra^, Ta<; he kolvw^ irpoaipecrei^ et? ra rcov Trpoyovcov
d^ccofiara a7^o/2A.e7^o^'Ta? • Kai, TrapaXafi/Baveiv ye ajia
TTj ^aKTTjpta Kol TO) (TVjJL^oXcp TO ^pOVqjJLa TO TTj^i ITO'
Xe&)9 vofjLL^ecv eicaaTov v/jlcov Set, oTav Ta O7]fiocna
elcrlrjTe KpcvovvTe^;, euirep a^ta eKeivcov irpaTTeiv oueaOe
^AWa yap efXTrecrcov eU ra irerrpayfieva rot? irpoyo- 211
V0L<i vjJbwv, €GTLV o, Twv '\fn](j}C(rfLaTCOV "Trape^TjV Kao tojv
iTpa'^OevTcov. ^ EiraveXOelv ovv oiroQev evTavO e^efirjv
(SovXofJLai,. '/29 yap dcfjiKo^eO' et? ja? Gi,l3a^, KaTe-
Xa/uL/SdvofMev ^lXlttttov koI QeTTaXwv fcao tcov aXXwv
avii/judxcov TrapdvTa^ irpecrpei<;, kuI tou^ fxev rj/ieTepou^
^lXov^ ev ^d/3(p, Tou? S' eKeLuov Opaaeh, ' Otl h ov
vvv TavTa Xeyco tov avjxj)epovTO^ eve/ca efiavT<p, "Xeye
fioL Ti]V einaToX7]v rjv tot €.7rep.'y\rapLev ev6v^ oi irpe-
cr/3ei?. KaLTOL ToaavTy y virepjBoXr} avKocpavTtas 21a
GVTO'i /ce^pT^rat, ^ctt el (xev tl tcov BeovTcov eTrpd^Ov, '
TOV Kaipdv, ovfc Ifie (f)7]aiv aiTiov yeyevrjaOai, Taw B «?
6Te/?&)9 av/i/SdvTCOv aTrdvTcov e/ne Kal tijv eiirjv tvxV^
oItUv elvat' Kal w? eoiKev, 6 (tvjxPovXo^ icai pr,Tcop
€70) Tcov fiev e/c Xdyou Kal tov fiovXevaaaOai TrpaxO^v
Tcov ovBev avTco avvaiTLO^ elvav Bokco, twv B ev rot?
70 AHMOSeENOYS
ottXol^ kol Kara rrjv arparr^yiav arv^n^^'^^^'^ fiovo^
auTLO^ elvai. JToj? tiv &)yu.0Tep.09 avKocpavTT]^ yevotr tj
Karaparorepo^ ; Aeye ti]v enTL(JTo\7]v,
213 EniXTOAn,
^ErreiSi'] tolvvv eiroiriaavjo T7]v eKKkriaiav, irpoarjyGV 29S
eKelvov^ irpoTepov^ Blci to ti]V tcov crv/Jb/jLa^o)V ra^iv
eKeivov<^ ^^(eiv. Kal 7rapeX6ovT€<; eBrj/jiTjyopovv, TroXka
fiev ^IXcTTTTOv eyKcojiia^ovTe^, iroWa h v/xwv Karqyo--
povvre^, ircivO^ oaa ttcoitot evavria eirpa^aTe &r]^atoL<;
avaixipbvriaK0VT6'^. To S' ovv KecpaXalov, 7)^ low a)V fjuev
€v Treiroudeaav vtto ^ikLirirov X'^P^^ avTov<^ airohovvai,
wv S' v^ vficov rjBiKTjvTO Blk7]v Xa/Selv, o7roT6pw<; jSov-
\ovTai, Tj Bievra^; avTov<; e(j> v/jLa<i 7) avv€fil3a\ovTa^ et9
TTjV 'ATTtfcr]v. Kal eheUvvaaVy a)<; ojovro, e/c [lev (ov
avTol avve/SovXeuov ra e/c ttJ? Attlkyj^ ^oaKrifMara Kav
avhpdiroha kol raXh! dyaOa eh t7jv Botcoriau rj^ovra,
€K Be o)V r]/jLa<; epelv ecpaaav rd ev ttj Bolwtlci oiapira-
aOrjaofieva vtto tov iroXepiOV.^ Kao aWa iroWa irpo^
214 TOUTot?, el? ravrd oe irdvra avvreivovr eXeyov. "^ A S
r)jjLeL<; 7rpo<; ravra avreLiTO/xev, ra jiev KaO eKaara eyco
fiev dvTi nravTO^; av TL/jL7](jai/jL7]v etrrelv tov /3tov, u/xa?
Se SeBoi/ca, /ii] TrapeXrfkvOoTcov twv Kaipcov, ioairep av
el KaTa/cXvcTfiov yeyevrjaOat tcov TTpay/iaTcov iiyovp^evoi,
fJLCLTaLOV O^XOV T0U9 TTepC TOVTCdV XoyOV<; V0flLa7]Te ' Tl
h OVV eirecaafiev ?;//.e69 fcao 7]fjLiv uTTcKpivavTO aKovaare,
Aeye TavTi Xa^cov.
HEPITOYSTE^ANOY. 71
AnoKPi^i^eHBAinN. 215
Mera ravra tolvvv eKoXovv vfia'^ Kat jjceTeTre/iTTOvro.
'E^TjT€, e^orjOelre^ (^Lva rav fieacp 7rapa\ec7r(o) out&)9
oiKeLoy^ v/jLa<; eSe'^ovro, oiai , e^&) rcot' OTrXcrdv Kat twv
LTTTTecov ovTwv, et? ra^ 0Lfaa<i Kat to aarv Be^eaOai, rrjV
arpariav eirc 7ra2Sa<; kul 'yvvoLKa^ kuc tci rcfjucoraTa.
KacTOt rpta ev e/cecvrj rfj rj/Jiepa iracnv avdpcdiroi'; e3et-
^av ejKwixta ©rj^aloL KaO vfioov ra Ka7\Xi(TTa, ev fiev
avhpLa<^y krepov Be BLKaLoa-vP7]<^, rpirov Be aa)<ppoavvrj<;,
K.at yap rov aywva fiaXXov fieO vficou f) irpo^; v/xa<^
eXofievoc iroirjaaa-Oac, fcac apLeivov<i elvai Kat BiKaLorep
a^LOvv vfjia'^ e/cptvav ^lXcttttov ' Kat ra Trap avrot^ Kau
irapa iraai B ev irXeiarT] (j^vXaKfj, iralBa^ Kai yvvalKa'^,
e(p vfMiv '7roLT}aavre<;, crcD(ppoavvr]<; iricrrtv irepi vficov
e^oi/re? eBei^av., Ev oh iraaiv, avBpe<^ AOi-jvaioL, Kara 216
'y f/ia? opoc£)<^ ecpavTjaav eyvo)/coTe<i. Uvre yap et? rrjv
irdKiv €LaeX66vTO<i rov arparoTreBov ovBel^; ovBev ovBe
oBlkco^ v/iLV eveKaXecrev • ovrco aco<ppova<; Trtipeo-^ere
f/xa? avTOV<i * Bi<; re crvfj^Trapara^a/ievoL ra? 7rp(vTa<i
fia'^a';, tt]v t eiru tou TTorafiov Kat, rrjv '^eLjxepivrjV, ovk
a/jLe/jLTTTOV^ fjLovov vpLOi^ avTOV<i, aXXa Kai 6avjjLa(TT0v<;
eBei^are ro) KoapLW, rat? 7rapacrKeval<^, rrj irpoOvfJLta,
E(f) ot? irapa [xev rcov aXXcov vfuv eyiyvovro eiraivoiy
irapa B v/iwv Ovcrcac Kau TTOfiTrao rol<i deol^. Kat 217
eycoye rjBeco'? av epot/JLrjv Aia^LVT^v, ore ravr eTrparreTO
Kat ^rjXov Kac '^apa^ Kai, eiraivcov 1] TroXt? 'r]V fiearrj.
72 AHM02eEN0Y2
TTorepov (TvveOve kuo avvevSpaivero tol<^ iroXXoi^;, 17
XvTTOv/ievo^ fcac arevcov kul Buo-fievaivcov rot? kolvol<;
ayaOol^ oikol Kadfjro. El fiev yap Traprjif kclI /lera
Tcov dXXcov e^rjTa^ero, 7r(o<^ ov heiva Troiel, fiaWov B
ovo ocrca, et cov 0)9 apiarcov avTO<; tov<; ueov^ eTrocrjcraro
fiapTvpa<;, ravO &)9 ov/c apuara vvv v/jLU'^ a^iol -^'qc^i'
cacrdaL rov^ ojiicofjLOKOTa<; Tov<i 6eov(; ; El Be /jLT] Traprjv, 3C.
7rct)9 ovK aTToXcoXevac ttoWukl^ earu 8LKaLo<;, ei €<p ot9
e^aipov OL aXXot, ravra eXvirelro opwv ; Aeye Sr; Kau
ravra ra '>^7]<^L<T[JLaTa fiou
WH^I^MATA GTH IflN.
218 OvKovv rjfjie2<; fiev ev Ovo-taf^ rjjjiev rore, ©TjjSaioL S'
ev TO) Bt, rjfia'^ aeawaOai voixt^etv, Kai nrepieiaTriKei tol<;
j3or)UGLa^ oeviaeadaL BoKovaiv a<p d)v 'eirparrov ovroc,
avTov<; poTjOelv erepoi^ e^ wv eVe/a^T^T IfioL 'AXXa
fjLTjv oia^ TOT rj(j)L6L ^cova<; 6 $tXfc7r7ro9 koc ev otai'; rjv
Tapa'^ao^ eiru tovtol<;, e/c tcov eTncFToXwv tcov 6K6cvov
/jbaOrjaeaOe, mv et9 UekoTrovvrjaov eTre/iTrev. Kai fioc
Xeye TavTa^ Xa^cov, cv eiBrJTe 7] e/xj] avveyeia koI irXd-
VOL KaL TaXaiiTwpLaL KaL Ta TroXXa "drrjSLcrfiaTaf a vvv
ovTO<i oLeavpe, tl aTreLpyaaaTO. —
219 KaLTOL TToXXoL Trap vjJLLVy avZpe^ AdyvatoL, yey ovaac
pr)T0p€<; evSo^OL KaL fieyaXoc Trpo epLOu, KaXXlaTpaTO^i
eKe2vo<;, ApiorTOipcov, Ke(j)aXo<;, ©paav/SovXo'^, eTepoi
UVpLOl UXX OyLta)9 0V0€L^ TTCOTTOTe TOVTCDU OLa 'TraVT0<i
eBcoK€v eavTov ct? ovhev tt} iroXeL, (boC 6 /lev ypdcficov
nEPITOYSTE^ANOY. 73
ovK av eirpeapevaev, o Se nrpea^evoiv ovk av ejpa->\rev,
^TTriXenre yap avrcov eKaaro^ iavTM afia fj,ev paaTwvTjV,
(IfMa 8' el TO yevoLT , avac^opav, Tt ovv ; — euTroi rt? av, 220
— cru ToaovTOV virep'fjpa'^ rov<; aWou^ pf^M'y f<^^^ roX/J^rj,
0JOT6 iravra iroLelv avro^ ; Ou ravra Xeyco, aW
ouTw? eireirelaiJLriv jxiyav elvau tov KareiXTjcpora klvov
vov TrjV TToXiV, Mcrr ovk iBo/cei fioi '^copav ovSe irpovoiav
ovBejjLLav TTJ'i tS/a? aa(^a\eLa<^ SiBovat, aW ayaTrrjrov
'•2 elvai, el fJbrjKev irapaXeiiTWV rt? a Bel Trpa^eiev. Eire- 221
irecor/jLTjv 3' virep efiavrov, rv^ov /xev avaLaOrjrcoVy ofico^
3' e7re7reL(T/jL7]v, firiTe ypd(f)OVT av efiov ypa-^at peXriov
/jLTiBeva, /ir]T6 Trpdrrovra Trpa^ai, firiTe Trpea/Seuovra
TTpeajSevaai TrpoOv/jLOTepov /juTjoe BcKatorepov. Aia ravra
ev iraaiv e/j-aurov erarrov. — Aeye ra'=; e7rtaro\a<i ra<i
rod ^iXcTTTTOV.
Eni^TOAAI.
Eh ravra Karearrjae ^lXlttttov t) e/uirj iroXcret^a, 229
Al(r')(^cv7) • ravrrjv rrjv ([)a3VT]v e/celvo^; acprJKe Bl e/^e,
TToXXov^ Kol dpacreh ra Trpo rovrcov ry iroXeu eiraipo-
fjLevo'^ Xoyov^, ^AvO^ wv St/cato)? earecpavov/jirjv viro .
rovrcovi, Koi av irapcov ovk dvreXeye^;, 6 Be ypa->\raiJ.evo<^
AioivBa'; ro //.epo? rcov -yfri^^cov ovk eXa/Sev. Kai fioi,
Xeye ravra ra ylrrjcplafiara ra rore fiev airoTrecpcvyora,
vrro rovrov B ovBe ypa^evra.
WH^I^MATA.
Tavrl ra -yfrqcpccr/JLarf w dvBpe<^ ^ A6i]valot,, ra^ avra^ 22:
74 AHMOSGENOYS
auWapa^ kclL ravra prifiar eyei airep Trporepov {lev
^ ApiarovLKO^, vvv Se Kirjai^wv ye>ypa(j)6v ovto&l. Kao
raur Al(j^ivr)<^ ovt ehloi^ev avTO<^ ovre ro) ^pa-^afj.evw
a-vyKaT7]'yop7](T€V. KaiTOt Tore rov ArjfiofieXT] top
ravra ypdcjyovra kcll rov 'TirepiBrjv, enrep aXrjOrj fiou
vvv Karrjjopely fiaXXov av elfcorco^; 7] rovh eStcoKev.
»i Alcl rl ; "On rco fiev ear dvevejKelv eir eKeLVov<i Kai
Ta9 r(DV ocKaarrjpLcov yvo)a€L<; Kao ro rourov avrov e/cet-
vcov /JLTj KarrjjoprjKevai ravra jpa-xlravrcov airep ovro<^
vvv, KOii TO Tou? voiiov; /LiTjfcer eav irepi rcov ovrco
rrpa-^OevrcDV Karrjjopetv, koI iroWa erepa • rore S avro
ro TTpay/jL av etcplvero 6(f) avrov, irpLV re rovrwv rrpo-
225 Xa/Selv. ^AXX' ovfc tjv, olfiai, rdre, o vvvl iroLel, eic
TraXaccov "^povcov koI ylrrjcptafjiarcov nroXXoiV eKXe^avra,
a fJLrjre rrporjSet fiy^eh p^rir av (pifirj rrjfLepov prjOrjvat,
hiaPdXXeiv, kcll pbereveyKovra rov<i '^povov<; icat 7rpo(pa-
a€L<; dvrl rcov dXrjOcDV -^ei'Set? pieraOevra ro2<; rre-
220 irpaypiivoL'^, BoKelv rL XejeLV. Ovk ijjv rore ravra, aXX
eVt rrj<; dXTjOela^;, e'yyu? rcov epycov, en /jLefivrj/xevcov
vfjLcov KCLL /jlovov OVK €V ral<; '^epaLV eKacrra e^ovrcov,
iravre^ eyLyvovr av ol XoyoL. ZlLOirep rov^ Trap avra
rci Trpcvy/JLar €X6'y)(^ov^ (f)vy(ov vvv rjKeL, prjiopcov aycova
vofML^cov, w? y e/ioi BoKel, KaL ov^l rcov TreTroXLreu/xevcov
e^eraaLV iroL^aeLV v/jlo,^, KaL Xoyov KpLcrLV, ov rov rjj
TToXcL avfi(f)epovro<i eaeaOaL.
227 Klra aof^L^eraL, KaL (prjcrL TrpocrrjKeLV t}? piev OLKodev
rjK6i^ eyovr€<; So^?;? irepL rj/mcov apLeXrjcraL • coairep 8 ,
nEPITOYSTE^ANOY. 75
orav OLOjjbevoi irepielvai ^prjfiara rep XGyt^rjaOe, av Ka-
Oapai (jdoriv at yj/fjcpoi Kac fjirjSev irepir}, auy^^copelre, ovtcj
Kau vvv TOL'i eK Tov Xoyou ^a.ivoiievGL<^ TTpoaOeadac,
GeaaaaOe tolvvv &>? aaOpov, ct>9 eocKev, eari, cpvaei irav
6 n av [IT] BcKaLco<i f] iTQirpayp-^vov. Ek: yap avrov c^is
TGV ao<pov TOVTOV 'TTapaBecy/u^aTO'; 0}/jLo\oy7]K6 vhv y
f/xa? vTrap^etv eyvwafjievov^ e/ie fiev Aeyecv virep ti]<^
3f 1 TTaTpiho^i avrov 8 virep ^iXlttttov • ov yap av iiera-
'ireiOetv vfia^ e^jjTeL pn] TOiavjr}'^ gvgj]^ rrj'^ v7rap-\^Gva7]<;
v'rro\rf^e(o<^ irepi eKarepov. Kai prjv brc ye gu Sc/cata 229
\eyec fieraOeaOaL ravrrjv Tr]v Bo^av u^tcov, eyco StSa^&j
paBiCJi;, ov Tided -^ri^ov^ (ov yap ecrriv o rcov irpaypLarcov
OL'TO? \GytaiiG<i)^ aXK avapapLvr^aKcov eicaara ev /Spa-^eaLf
Xoytaral^ apba Kau pLaprvcn tol<; aKovovcnv vpuv ^pco/xez/o?.
H yap epurj TroXcreca, ?;? ovro'^ Karrjyope?, avto fiev
TGV Orj/SaLGv^ fxera ^CkiTnTGV crvvep/SaXelv e^? TrjV
ycopav, TTttyje? (povro, /xed tj/jlcov irapaTa^ajxevov^
eKelvov KcoXvecv eTrotTjaev ' avTt *Be tov ev Trj Attlkj] 23(1
TOV TToXefiov elvac, eirraKoaia oTaZia airo Trj<i TroXew?
eirc Tot? BoLcoTcov opLGi<^ yeveaQai • avji Se tov tov<s
XrjaTa^i rjfia<; (pepetv Kai, ayecv eK T77? Ev^GLa<^, ev eiprivi^
TTjv Attoktiv eK 6a\aTT7]^ elvac iravra tov TrokepLov •
ivTC Be TOV TGV EWrjaTTovTOV eyeiv ^tXiTTTTOv, \aj3ovTa
Bv^avTtov, crvpLTroXepielv tov<^ Bv^avTLOV<i pueO rj/xcov
irpo<^ eK-elvGV. 'Apa aoi ^Irrjcpot'; ojjlolo^ TOiv epycov 231
Xoyicrpio^ (paiveTai ; ' H Selv avTaveXelv Tavra, aW*
ov^ OTTCD^i TGV ciTTavTa ')Q)GVGV pLvrj/jLovevOrjcreTaL o-KeyJra-
76 AHMOSeENOYS
o-Oai ; Kal ovKerc Trpoo-rldTjfif,, on t^9 /^ei^ cl>/j.ot7}to<;,
yv ev oh KaOuTTa^ TLvoiV Kvpio^ Karecm) ^i\L7r7ro<;
e<TTLV ISelv, eVepot? TretpadfjvaL avvejBr], tiJ? Se (piXav-
6pco7rta<;, 7)v ra Xocira rcov irpayfjiarcov €K€lvo<; irepi^cCk-
Xd/ii€vo<; eirXarrero, vfiec^; /caXco? 7rocovvT€<; tou9 Kapirovf;
KeKOfMiade, AXX eoi ravra.
5i32 Kal /jL7]v ouSe TOUT €L7r€iv oKvrjaco, OTL rov priTopa
povX6iJi,€vo<^ SiKalco^ e^era^etv Kai fir] avKOcpavrelv ov/c
av, oia av vvv eXeye?, Toiavra KarrjyopeL, irapaBeiyfiara STfi
irXarrcop kul prijiara Kat, cr'^rj/jLara fjLi/jLov/jL€VO<; [jravv yap
nrapa tovto, — ov^ opa? ; — yeyove ra rcov EXXr}vo)V,
el Tovrl TO prjfia, aXXa fir] tovtl BceXe^drjv eyw, rj Seupt
233 rrjv %e6/o<2, dXXa /jltj Sevpl TrapT^veyKo), aXX eir avrcov
rcov epywv av eaKoirec TLva<i el-^ev a(popfMa<; rj 7roXt<; Kac
TLva<; Buva/jL€L(;, or et? ra irpaypiar €itjr)6t,v, Kac rLva<;
(Tvvr]yayov avrrj [xera ravr einara^ eyo), Kai 'irco^ et^e
V /^ > / 771'? 5 ' ^ \ ' ' / ^
ra rcov evavrtcov. Jcjir eu [lev eXarrov^; erroiriaa ra<^
ovvafjL€L<;, Trap e/jLoi, naoLKrj/jL av eoeiKvvev ov, eu oe
rroXXcD /ji€c^ov<;, ov/c av eavKO^avrei, ETreiBrj Be av
rovro Trecfyevya^;, eyco ttoltjcto} • Kai aKoirelre et BcKaico^
'^prjao/jbai rep Xoycp.
zM AvvajjLiv /lev roivvv el'^ev t] TroXa rov<; v7](ncora<;, o. ^
a7ravra<;, dXXa rov<; aa6eveararov<; • ovre yap Xlo<;
ovre 'P()Bo<; ovre KepKvpa /leO ripbcov i]v • ')(^p7]/jLarcov Be
avvra^LV et? •wevre Kai rerrapaKOvra raXavra, Kac
ravr rjv irpoe^eiXeyiieva • OTrXcrrjv B 7] iirrrea irXrjp
rcov oLKetcov ovBeva. '' O Be iravrcov Kai ^o^epcararov
nEPIT0Y2TE$AN0Y. 77
Kai jjboiXiaO virep rcov €-^9pcov, ovtol irapecrKevaKeicrav
Tov<; i7epL-^(x>pov<^ iravra'; €y6pa<i tj cf)L\ca<i eyyvrepcOf
Meyapec^;, QrjjSaLOV^, Ev(3oia<^. Ta fiev rrj^ TToXeo)? 233
ouTftj? vTTTjp^ev e-^ovra, Kau ovheL<^ av ^yoi nrapa ravr
ecTrelv aXko ovhiv • ra he tov ^lXlttttov, tt^o? ou rjv
rjfjbLV aycdv, cTKe^aaOe 7r(o<;. Upcorov fiev rjp'^e rcov
aKo\ov6ovvT(ov avTO<; avroKparcop cov, o rcov €t? tov
iroXe/jLov fieyiarov earcv diTavTwv ' el6 ovtol Ta oirXa
el^ov ev Ta2<; '^epcriv aec • eTrecTa '^prj/xuTcov evircpeiy
*)6 Kau errpaTTev a ho^eiev avTco, ov irpoXeycov ev to2<;
■\lr7](f)LafjLao-LV, ovB ev Ta> (pavepo) ^ouXeuo/jLevo^, ovh viro
TO)v crvKO(f)avTouvTcov KpLVOfjLevo<i, ovBe ypacjiw^ (pevycov
irapavofJLWv, ovS v7rev6vvo<; cov ovBevc, aXX drrXco'i avTO<i
hecTTTOTT]^, riyefJLwv, KvpLo<^ TravTcov. Eyco S 6 Trpo? 236
TovTov avTLTeTayfxevo'^, Kat yap tovt e^eTaaac BcKaiov,
TLVO'i KvpLo<^ 7]V ,* Uvoevo^i ' AvTO yap to OT]/jL7]yopeLV
irpwTOV, ov fjbovov jjueTel^ov eyco, e^ laov irpovTiOeO
vfiel^ Tol<i Trap eKetvov /JLcaOapvovcn /cac e/ioL, Kau oaa
OVTOL irepLyevoLVTO efiov (iroXXa S eyiyveTO TavTa, Bl
rjv CKacTTOv tv^ol '7rpo(f)a(7Lv) , TavO virep tcov ej^dpcov
airrJTe ^e^ovXevfievoL. AXX ofico^; eK tolovtcov eXaT- 237
T(o/iaTcov eyco crvfjufia'^ov^; /lev vfuv eiroLrjcra Ev(3oea<;,
A'^akov';, KopLvOiov^, ©7]^aiou(;, Meyapea<;, AevKa-
Blov^, K.epKvpaLov<Sy acj) cov fivpLOL fiev kul TrevTaKLa^L-
Xlol ^evoL, Blct'^iXlol B tTTTret? avev tcov ttoXltlkcov
Bvvafiecov avvriy6T](7av ' '^prj/jiaTCOV Be bcrcov r}Bvvri6r}V
eyco irXeLCTTTjv avvTeXeLav eTroLrjcra.
7*
78 AHMOSGENOYS
233 El Be Xeyet? 7) ra tt/jo? ©rj^aiov; BiKaia, Aicr^Lvrjy
r) ra 7rpo<; Bu^avrlovi ^ ra Trpo? Ev^oea<i, rj irepc tcov
IcTwv vvvl BiaXejT], irpwrov fiev ayvoeU on icai irporepov
TCOV virep t(i)V ^EWrivcov eKeivcov aj(£>vi(TaiMevwv Tptrj^
pcov, TpcaKoaLOJV ovacov tcov Traaccv, ra? ocaKOcrLa^; rj
TToXt? irapecr^eTO, koI ovfc eXaTTovaOac vofiL^ovaa ovSe
Kpivovaa T0U9 raura avjxl3ov\6uaavTa<; ovBe ajava-
KTovaa eirl tovtoi<; icopaTO, aia'X^pov 'yap, aWa roi?
6€o2<i eyovaa %ct/3tr, el kolvov klvBuvou toI<; EWr}aL
TrepL(7TdvT0<^ avTtj hiifkdcrLa tcov oXXcdv ei9 r7]v aTravTcov
239 (TcoTTjplav TTapedx^TO. Eha Kevd^ ye X^P^^V X^P^''"^?
TOVTOLoi avKocpavTWV e^e, Tl yap vvv \eyec<; ota exprjv 3C5
TTpciTTecv, dX)C ov TOT (tiV ev Ty iroXei, Kai Trapo) TavT
eypacpe^;, euirep ei/eSe^ero irapd tov^ nrapovTa^ hatpcv^,
ev oh ovx oaa 7]Pov\6pie6a, dX>J oaa Bolt] tcl nrpdy/iaT
eBei Seveo-^at • yap dvT(ovovf.Levo<; Kau Taxv tov9 irap
riiiwv d'7re\avvofievov<; irpoaBe^ofievo^i koI xP'^iftuTa
TrpoaOr^acov virrjpx^^ eTOLjio^,
240 ^AXk' el vvv eTrl rot? Treirpay/ievoi^ KaTrjyopca^; e;^ce),
t/ av oleaOe, el tot e/xov irepl tovtcov aKpL^oXoyovfie-
vov dirrjXOov al 7ro\et? Kal irpoaeOevTO ^iXcTTTrcp, Kai
dpia Ev^oia<; kol Qtj^wv Kal Bv^avTLOU KupLO^ KaTeaTtj
— t/ TTOielv av rj tl Xeyetv tov^ dae^eh avOpcjjirov^
2\, TOVTOVCTL ; Ou^ CO? e^eBoOrjCTav ; Ovx w<; aTnfXaOr]-
aav PovXojJievoi peO' 7jp.cov elvai ; Eha tov p.ev EX-
X'nairdvTov Bid Bv^avTicov ey/<:paTr}<; Ka6eaT7]Ke Kal Trj<;
(TLTOTTOfiTria^ Tr]<; tcov 'EXXi]V(t)v Kupto<;, TroXe/io? B
nEPIT0Y2TE«l>AN0Y. 79
ofiGpo<; Kai /3apv^ 6t9 ttiv ArriKriv Bui ©rjlSaicov fC€Ko-
fiLaraL, airXov; B tj OaKarra viro rcov etc t?}? Ev^0La<^
op/jLcofievcov \r](7Twv lyeyovev ; OvfC av Tain eXeyov
Kav TToWa ye 7rpo<; TOUTOt? erepa ; Jlourjpov, co avSp6<i 242
AOrjvaloLy iTOvqpov (Tvico^avT'q<^ aeu Kai iravrayoQev
^acTKavov Kai (pLXatrcov • rovro Be Kau (pvaet KLvaBo^
ravupcoTTLOP eanVy ovoev e^ ^PX'l'^ vyce<i 7re7roL7]Ko<; ovo
ekevOepoVy avrorpaycfco^ inOr^KO'^y apovpaLO<^ OLPo/jLao<;y
7rapa(j7)fio<; prjroyp. Tc yap rj. ow} Becvorrjf; et? ovtjctlv
rjK6t TT) TTarpiBi ; Nvv 7]/mv Xeyet? irept rcov irapekr]- 2-13
\v6oT(ov ; flaTrep av ei tl<; larpof; aaOevovai fiev rot?
KafxvovGLV eiCTiwv firj \eyoL firjBe BeiKwou hi cov airoc^ev-
303 ^ovraL Tr]v voaov, eTreohrj Be reXevTrjcreie tc9 avrcov Kat,
ra vo/iL^o/i€va avro) (pepoiroy ukoXovOcov eiru to /ivfjfia
Bte^LOL, €L TO Kat TO eTTOLTJCreV av6 pWTTO^ OVTO'
cTLy ovfc av aTTedavev. E/jb^povTijTe, eWa vvv Xe-
yet? ;
Ov TOLVVV ovBe T7]v rjTTav (^6L TavTT) yavpia<; e0 rj 244
CTTeveiv ere co KaTapaTe TrpocrrJKevj, ev ovBevl twv Trap*
e/j,ov yey ovvlav evpi]a6Te Trj TroXec. OvTcoat Be Xoyt-
^eaOe. OvBafiov TTOiiroO , ottol vrpecrySefTT^? €7refj.(f)6riv
vcf) vfLwv eycD, 7]TTr}6ei,<; aTTTjXOov tcov irapa ^iXiTTTrov
irpecr^ecov, ovk eic ©eTTaXta<iy ou/c e^ AjjL(3paKLa'^, ovk
e^ IXXvptcoVy ov Trapa tcov ©pciKcov ^acnXeojv, ovk eK
Bv^avTiov, OVK aXkoOev ovBa/MoOev, ov Ta TeXevTala eK
©rjjScDVy aXX ev ot? KpaTr}6elev ol irpecr^et'^ avTov to)
XoycOy TavTa to2<; oTrXot? eTTicov KaTecrTpe^eTO. TavT 216
80 AHMO20ENOY2
ovv ttTTatret? Trap efiov, Kai ovic aiarj^vvsi rov avrov et?
re fiakaKiav aKcoTrrcov koI t?}? ^lXcttttov Bvi/ufieco';
a^LcJov eva ovra Kpecrrco ysvecrOat, ; Kao ravra rot?
Xo'yot9 ; Tivo<; yap aXXov Kvpio<^ rjV eyw ; Ou yap
T?;? ye eKaarov "^v^tj^, ovhe t^9 '^1^%^? t^^ irapara^a-
/UL6VC0V, ovSe rrj'^ crrpaTr)yLa<;, 179 eyu, a7raiT6L<^ ev6vva^ •
816 ouTO) (TKaco^ 61. AWa fMV/V div y av prjTcop virev-
6vvo<^ 6L7] TTCicrav e^eraaLV Xafx^ave * ov irapairov/iai,,
Ttva ovv ecTTO ravra f ISetv ra rrpayiiara ap-^ofieva
KClL\ jrpoaLaOeaOai Kai rrpourreiv roi? aWot<;. Tavra
iriirpaKral jjlol. Kal ere ra? eKaara^ov yS^aSuT^Jra?,
oKVOv^i ayvoca'^y (piXoveiKia^, a irdKinfca ra'i<^ rroXeai 30S
irpoaecmv diraorai^; Kai avayKoia ajxaprrniara, ravO (W9
et9 eXayicrra avareiXai, Kai rovvavnov et9 op-ovoiav Kai
(piXcav Kai rov ra heovra rroielv opjiriv irporpe-^ai,
Kai ravra /loi iravra Treiroirjraiy Kai ovBei<; fjLTjTrod
evpr) ro Kar efie ovBev eWeicpdev,
U7 El roivvv ri<i epoiro ovrivovv, rial ra rrXeccrra ^i-
/Vt7r7ro9 d)V Kareirpa^e SupKr^aaro, 7ravr€<; av eijroiev, ra>
arparoTreSfp Kai rat BiBovai Kai Siaipdeipeiv
T0U9 CTTi rcov rrpay fjLarwv. Ov/covv rayv fxev hvva-
fjietov ovre Kvpio<; ov6 rjyepiwv 7]V eyco, coare ovh o
\oyo<i rcov Kara ravra Trpa^devrcov rrpo<^ e/ie. Kai
/jLTjV ra> ye fjirj BiacpOaprjvai '^pi]jJLacri KSKparrjKa ^iKiir-
TTOV ' wairep yap o covovjjL€vo<i veviKijKe rov Xapovra,
eav rrpirjrai, ovrco^ o /jbrj \a/3ci)v jjltjBc Bia(f)Oap€i<; vevi'
Kr)Ke rov covoi'/jbevov. Hare a7jrr7]ro<^ 7] 7roA.i9 ro Kar
eae.
n E P I T O Y 2 T E $ A N O Y. 81
A /lev TOLVuv eyco Trapea'^ojJLriV et? to OLKatw^ rocavra 213
ypacpecv tovtovo irepi efiov, irpo<^ iroW6l<^ erepoi'^ ravra
' Kac TrapaTrXrjcna tovtol<; eariv ' a S oc Traz^re? L'/^et?,
• ravT t]hrj Xe^co. Mera yap rrjv /la^rjv ev6v<; 6 hrjiio<;,
eiSo)? Kat €CDpaKco<; iravra baa eTrparrov eyo), ev avTQL<;
Toi? BecvGL^ Kao (po^epol'^ efil3e^7]Kco<i, rjviK ovB xyvw
fiovrjorac re uav/j^aarov r)V rov9 ttoWov^; tt^o? e/ie, Trpco-
Tov fiev irepL (7(0Tr}pca<; t?;? 7roXeco<; ra^ e/xa^; yvoj/iaf;
6^€LpoTov6L, Kal TTavu o(ja T7]9 (pv\a/c7]9 eveKa cTrpar-
310 rero, rj 8LaTa^t,<; rcov (jivXaKcov, au racppoL, ra et? ra
Tei'^7] '^prujLara, Sta rcov eficov "^^c^ia /larcov ejcyvero •
eireiu aipov[i€vo<^ acrcjvrjv etc Travrcov ejxe e'^etporovrjaep
S/7/X09, Kat fiera ravra crvaravrcov oh rjv €7rtyu,eXe? 249
KaKco<i €fjLe TTOLslv, Kao ypac^a^, evOvva'^, eiaayyeXi,a<;,
iravra ravr errayovrwv /xoc, ov 01 eavro:v ro ye Trpcorov,
aXXa Bt (OV /laXiaO vireXaf-i^avov ayvor^aeoOat, (oare
yap orjTrov Kac fie/ivrjaue on, rou? TrpcDTox'? ')(^povov<i
Kara ri-jv i^puepav eKaarrjv €/cptvo/xr]v eytw, Kac cvr aTro-
voia X(0(TiKXeov<^ ovre avKoc^avria ^iXoKpdrov^ ovre
Zltcoi^Sou Kac MeXavrcnj fiavia ovr aXX ovBev airelparov
7]V rovroa Kar efiov^, ev rolvvv rovroi<^ iraai fidXccrra
fiev Bta rov9 deou^, Bevrepov Be Bt- v/xa<; Kat rov^ aXXov^
A6i]vaLov<^ ecroy^ofjLTjv. AiKauw^ • rovro yap Kac aXrj6e<i
ecrrc Kac virep rcov opcwjioKorcov Kac yvovrcov ra evopKa
BcKaarwv,
OvKovv ev fjuev oh eccrTjyyeXXofii^v, or aTreylr^rjcjic^ecrOe 5ijO
fjcov Kac ro fiepo<i rcov ^Iri^cpcov ro2<; BccoKovacv ov jiere"
82 A H M 2 e E N O V 2
^lBot€, tot eyjr 7] (1)1^6(7 06 tci apiaTu fie irpaTTeiv ' ev Oi?
he Ta<; ypacpw; aire^evyov, evvo/ia tcac ypacj^ELV Kat,
Xeyeiv aTreSecKVUfir/v • ev oi? Be Tu<i ev6vva^ eirearjixat-
veaOe, htfcaLCO'^ icai aBcopoBofciiTco^ iravTa ireirpa-^Oai fioL
Trpocrco/jLoXoyeLTe. 1 ourcov ovv ovt(ji}<^ e-^ovTCdv, tl irpoa-
rJKev 7] Tb BiKaiov rjv to2<^ vtt ep.ov ireirpayixevoL^;
OeaOai tov KTrjatcpcovTa ovofia ; Ou^ o top hrjiiov
eoipa TLoejievov, ov^ o tou<^ oficop-oxoTa-^ dixaaTa^, ov^
o Trjv a\i]6eiav irapa iracn /Se/SaLovaai' ;
^^ Nai, (f)7]crLV, aWa to tov KecpciXou koXov, to iirjoe-
fiiav ypad>r]v (^vyelv. Kac vrj Ac euBai/jbov ye. AWa 31
TC /laWov 6 TToWa/ci? /xev (f)vya)v, /jLrjBeTrcoTTOTe S e^e-
\eyy(6eL'^ aBiKoiv ev eyic\i]iiaTL yiyvoiT av Eta tovto
ELfcaico<; ; Kultoi, irpo^ ye tovtov, avBpe<^ AOtjvolol,
Kai TO TOV Ke<pa\ov tcakov eiirelv ggtc jiql ' ovBe/jLtav
yap TTcoTTOT eypcvYCUTo yu.e Ou6 eoico^e ypacpr^v, cocTTe
VTTO GOV ye oj/xoXoyTjfiac /jbrjBev eivao tov KecfxiXov
'^eipwv 7ro\iT7]<;.
252 IloWa-^odev fiev tolvvv av tl^ lBol ti]V ayvcofioavvrjv
avTOV Kai TrjV pacrKavLav, ov^ y^taTa o acp cov Trept
Trj'i Tvyrj^ SLeXe^Oyj. Eyco B 6\w? /xev, ocrTc; av6pw
nTO<; o)v uvdpajTTCf) tv^tjv Trpocpepec, avorjTov i,yovp.aL •
rjv yap 6 /SeXTcaTa irpuTTeLV vo/jli^mv Kai apicFTyv e-^etv
oLo/j,evo<;, ovk olBev eu fievel ToiavTT] l-'-^XP'' '^^i'^ eairepa^y
7ru)<; y^pi] irepi TavTT]'; Xeyetv // 7rtu9 oveiBL'^eiv eicpro ;
EireiBij B ovTO^ 7rpo<; 7roXXoL<; aXXoc; Kai irepi tovtcov
inrep7)ipiivco<; '^pijTat, to) Xoyw, crKeyp-aod , co avBp€<{
n E P I T O Y 2 T E ^ A N O Y. 83
A9i]vaL0i, Kai decoprjcrare b<j(p Kau a\T]OeaT€pQi> kul
urOpcoTTLVcorepov ejoa Trept rrji; Tfv?^? toutov oiaXe^O i,-
aofiac. Eyco njv jiev r?}? TroXeco? TV)(rjV ayaOijV ijjov- 253
fiai, KaL ravd opco Kai rov Aca rov AcoBcovatov Tjfuv
Kai TOP AttoXKco top UvOlov jxavTevouevov • ti)v fievroc.
Tcov TravTcov avOpoiircDV, rj vvv eirey^^ei, yciKe7n,v fcac
SeiVTjv ' Tt9 yap EWtjvcov 7] Ti? jSap^apwv ou iroWcov
KaKOiv ev TO) irapovrt ireTreipara-L ; To p.ev tolvvv 254
Trpoekeadai ra KaXkiara Kau to tcov oi^OevTwv EWi]-
v(DVy et irpoelvTO 'i]pLa'^, ev evSaL/iiovLa hia^eiv, tovtcov
avToiv afxeivov irpaTTeiv t?}? aja6ri<; ri^v?;? Try9 vroXeo)?
elvai TiOrjfJH, ' to Be TrpoaKpoixrai Kau jxt] iravO w?
312 rj^ovKopieO 7]fiLV avfJb^rjvaLy r-^? tcov aXkwv uvOpcuTrcav
TfT^T?? TO eTTLfSaWov ecf) 7]/bLa<; /J.epo<^ fi€T€iXrj(pevat vo-
fjiL^co Trjv TTOALV, 1 VjV o iOiav Tvs(riv TfjV ejxrjv kul tjjV 255
€z/09 rj/jua)v eKuaTOV ev toI'^ lBloi<^ e^eTu^eiv Sc/caLOV elvai
vo/jLL^ro. Eyco fiev ovTcoau irepi T779 TL'^779 a^tco, opda)<i
Kai, hiKaL(o<^, ft)9 ejiavTU) Bokco, vofju^o) 3e kul vjjuv • he
Ti]v ihtav Tv^r}V ttjv epbrfV t^9 KOLvrj<^ Trj<^ iroXew^ Kvpico-
Tepav elvai (f)7]aty ttjv /JUKpav KaL (pauXrjv T179 aya6ri<i
KaL pieyaXr}^. Kat 7r&)9 evL tovto yevecrOaL ;
KaL /jLtjv eL ye ti]V epLJjv Tv^rjv iravTco'^ e^eTat^eLV, 2'fl
Aia'^LVT], irpoaipeL, 7rpo<; Tr]v aavTov a/coireL, Kav evpVj^
T7]V efjLTjv /SeXrt&j ^79 cr-?79, Travaai XoiBopovjievo^; auTrj.
^KoireL TOLVVV ev6v<^ e^ ap'^rj<^. KaL [lov Trpa Zl/09
fiTjSefiLav ^|rv^/poTrjTa KaTayvo) p,7]B€L<i. Eyoj yap ovt
eu TL<; irevLav irpoTrrfKaiCL^eL, vovv 6'^eLV ^jyov/iaL, ovt et,
84 AHMOSeENOYS
Ti9 cv a(f)9ovoL<; rpa(f)6t<; cttl rovrro creixvvverac • aXX
VTTO T?;? TQVTOVL TOV '^okeiTOV l3Xa(7(pr}flLa<^ KCL avKO-
<f)avTLa<i et? rocovrov^ Xoyov'i e/jLTriiTrecv avayKa^o/jiac,
ot? €K rcvv evovTwv co<; av ovvcofiat /jLerpLcoTara ')(prj-
crofiai,
2r.7 EjjLOL uev tolvvv vTTrjp^ev, Aua-vLvrj, iraihi p.ev hvtl
(jiOiTav et? Ta iTDOcrriKOVTa ScSacrfcakela, Kau G-^eii bcra
'^pr] TGV fiTjoev aio-vpov iroirjcrovra Be evhetav e^eXOovrt
Se €fc irathdiv aKoXovOa tovtol^ Trparreiv, '^opr/yelv,
Tpiripap-^elv, eiacfyepecv, /xT^Se^^a? ^i\oTi,fiia<^ /XTjre t8i<x9
pLTiTe Brjp.ocria'^ airoXeLireaOai, uWa Kat rrj iroXei Kai
Tol^ (piXoi'^ '^p7](Ti/jiov elvai • eTrecB:] Be irpo^ ja Kotva
TrpoaeXOelv eoo^e jjlol, roiavra iroXireviiara eXeaOat
ooare Kat viro rrj^ TrarptSo'; Kat vir aXXcov EXXi]vwv 313
iroXXCov iroXXcLKL'^ earecj^avwadat, Kat /xySe tov<^ e^dpov^
u//,a9 CO? ov fcaXa j rjv a TrpoetXo/jLfjv eiTL')(eipe2v Xeyetv.
?.58 Eyco fiev Sr] TOLavTT] avji^e^LcoKa Tv^rj, teat ttgXX au
e^cov krep etirelv irept avTrj<; TrapaXecTro), (pvXaTTOfievos;
TO XvTTTjaaL TLVa €V Ot? (7€flVVV0/jLaU
^v S , 6 a€jiivo<; avrjp Kat StaTrrvcov tou? aXXov<;,
(TKOTreC TT^O? TaVTTJV TTOia TiVi K€'^pr}(7aL TU^TJ' St 7]V
Trat? /jL€v (OV puera 7roXX72<^ ej/Se^a? eTpa(^r]'^, cifia tm
nrarpt Trpo? rw BiBaaKaXeuo Trpoae^pevwv, to fieXav
rpi^cov Kat ra jSadpa aTToyyi^cop kul to iraLSayajyelov
KopwVy ouceTOV Ta^tv, ovk eXevOepov 7raiho<; e-^wv • dvrjp
251) Se yevop.evo'^ ttj firjTpL TeXovar) Ta<^ ^il3Xov<^ aveylyvai-
(TKe'i KaL TaXXa auveaKevcopov, t^z^ fiev vv/ctu ve/Spi^cov
nEPIT0Y-2TE^1>AN0Y. 85
Kat fcparijpL^cov Kau KaOaipcov rou? reXovfjuevov^ Kao
airojjLaTTwv ra> irrjXcp kcli To2<i 7rcTtipoL<^, Kat, avLara^ airo
rou KaOapjjLov Kekevcov Xeyeiv e<pvyov Ka/cov, evpov
a lie LVOV, eiTi tm pLTjBeva irojTrore rrfkLKovr o\o7\.v^at
a€/j,vvvo/j,6vo^, (kcu eytvye vofii^co • firj yap oueaO avrov
(hOeyyeaOai [lev ovtco (.leya, d\oKvt,eiv S ov^ uirep-
\a/jL7rpov,) ev he ral'^ rjfiepat^ tol"? koXov^ 6utcrou<; aycov w
Slci tcov oBcov, tov^ ecne(^avaiiJLevov^ toj p.apadcp Kat rjj
\evK7}, Tov^ o^6i-? Toi;? irapeia^ 6\lJ3(dv Kat virep r/J?
K€(f>a\rj<; aicopwv, Kat ^ocov evol era/Sol, Kac eTrqp'^ou-
/jLevQ<i v^? aTT7]<; arrj]'^ V7]<^, ^^^PX^'^ ^^^ Trpor/ye-
314 ficov Kat, Kiarodfopo^ Kat \iKvo^opo'^ Kau Totavra vivo
Twv ypaBccov Trpoaayopevoiievo^, /.uadov Xafi,8avcov rov-
Tcov evOpvTTTa Kat Grpeirrovi Kat veiikara • e^ ot9 Tt?
ovK av &)9 dkr]9a)<; avrov evhaLpLOvtaeLe Kat ti]v aviov
Tvxnv ;
EiretSr) S et? Tov<i B7j/jL0Ta<; eveypa(f)7}<; oircoaBriTTore 2«
(^ew yap tovto^, eTretSr] 8 ovv €veypa<pT}'^, ev6eco<; to
KaWtarov e^e\e^(o tcov epycov, ypapLptaTeuetv Kat vitt)-
peTetv T0fc9 ap')^tStot^,* ii? B airrjXKayrj^ iroTe Kat
TOVTOv, TTavO a TCOV aWcov KaT7]yopet<; avTO<i 7rotricra<;,
ov KaTTja'^vva'^ fjta At ovBev twv TrpovTrrjpyfievcov Ta> 262
juteTa TavTa /Sia, aWa [itado3aa<^ avTOV to2<; ^apvcFTo-
vot<^ e7rtKaXov/ievot<^ eKetvot<; viroKptTa'i<;, ^tfivXw koI
^coKpaTet, eT p tT ay cDVto-Tef^, avKa Kat ^oTpv^ Kat ekaa^
avWeycov cocirep 07ra>pcov7j<; e/c tcov aXkoTptcov ^J^P'-^'^f
ifketcD Xajjb^cwcov airo tovtcov rj tcov aycovcov, ou<; vfiet^;
86 . A H M 2 e E N O Y 2
Trept TT/s' '^^'^XV^ rjywvil^eaOe • tjv <yap acnrov^o'^ Kai
aKT^pvKTo^ vfilv irpo'; tou? Oeara^; 7roXe/xo?, v(j> cov
TToKKa rpaufiar €LX')](p(D<; €l/cotco<^ tov<; aireipov^ rcov
E63 roLovTcov &)? SetXcu? cTKco'TrTei'^. AXka yap irapei^; 6)V
T/;v Trevtav aiTiaaaiT av tl<^, 7rpo<i avra ra rov rpoirov
crov /SaSiov/jbaL KaTT^joprifiara. TocavTTjv yap ecXov
irokireLav, eTreihi] irore Kau tovt eirrjXde aoL iroirjcaiy
hi 7]v evTV')(Ovcrr]<; fiev r?;? 7raTpcSo<; Xayco /Scov e^?;?,
SeSto)? Kat rpe/jLcov Kat aec 7rXr]yr^o'€a6aL nrpocrhoKOdv ecj)
oh aauTO} avvrihet'^ ahiKovvTi, ev oh 3 rjTV)(r]crav ol
'-^64 aXXoL, 6pa(7v<; cov vcf) airavrwv oy-^ai, Kacroc oaTi<i
'^lXlwv ttoXltcov aiToOavovTwv edapprjae, tl outo<; iraOelv
VTTO TWV ^OJVTCOV BtKatO<i €(TTLl> ,* TloXXa TOIVVV 6Tep 3!5
eiTreLV e-^cov irepi avrov TrapaXecylrco ' ov yap ocr av
Bec^aifit, TrpoaovT aco-'^pa tovtw Kai ovethr], iravr ol/j,ai,
06LV eu^epco? Xeyeiv, aXX oaa firjoeu aiaypov ecrnv
eiTTelv ejioL.
265 E^eraaov tolvvv Trap aXXrjXa ra aoi, Kafioi ^e^tco-
fxeva, irpaw^ Kai /jlt} 7riKpco<;y Alo-^cvt] • etr epcjryaov
TovTovac, rrjv irorepov rv)(r}v av eXocO eKaaTo<^ avrcov.
ESLSaaK€<^ ypa/jLjuLara, eyco B ecpocrcov. EreXet^i, eyo)
^ eT€Xov/JL<f]v. E'^opeve<;, eyco B e'Xopr]yovv. Eypafju-
fiaTev€<;, eyco B rjKKXrjcria^ov. Erpiraycovoarec^, eyco
B edecopovv. E^e7ri7rT€<;, eyco B eavpLrrov. 'Tirep
rcov e'^Opwv TreTToXcrevaac iravra, eyw B vTrep rrj(^
2G6 TrarpcBo^;. Ew raXXa, aXXa vuvc rrjfiepov eyco fxev
inrep rov (Tr€<j)avcoOfjvat BoKLfjia^ofiaL, ro Be iirjB^ onovv
II E P I T O Y 2 T E * A N O Y. 87
C101K61V ava^/j^oXoyrj/j.aL, aol 8e avKO(piiVTr} fiev elvai
coKetv VTrap^ei, Kiv^vi'euei^ Be e'lre Bel a en rovro
Trnteiv, eir 7]Bri ireiravaOai jii] /leTaXa/SovTa to [Tre'/x-
TTTOPJ fxepo^ Tojv yjri'cpcoi'. ^AyaOrj ye (ou^ 6pa<; ;) ti;^?;
avfxj3e^i(x)K(i)<; rr}^ e/xy^; [«? ^ai/X?;?] Karriyopel^.
^epe Bf] Kai ra? lo^v Xeirovpyicoi' /jLaprupiai; o)V \e- 267
KeiTOvpyrjfca vfilv avayvw ' Trap a? TrapauayvcoOi /cai,
(TV fjiOL Ta? p7]crei<=; a? eXv/jLTiVO),
Hk(o Xlttcov KevOjjLwva Kai aKorov irvXa^;
/cat
KaKayyeXelv fiev iaOi fir] OeXovra fie,
Kau KaKov KaKw<s ere fiaXiawa fiev oi 6eoi, eirena ovrot
iravre<; airoXeaecav irovrfpov ovra Kac iroXLrrjv Koi Tpi-
TaywvLarr^v,
Aeye ra? fiapTvpia^.
MAPTTPIAL
^Ev fiev TOiVVV TO?? TT^O? T7/1/ TToXlV TOLOVTOg * €V 66 263
B16 T069 iBiOt<^ ei fiT) iravre^ care on kolpo^ kul <^iXav6pcD-
7ro<; Kai rol? Beofievoc^ eiTapKwv, atwirw Kai ovBev av
eiiroifii ovBe 7rapao")(^0Lfi7]v irepi tovtcov ovBefiiav fiapru-
pcav, OUT ei Tiva<; e/c tcov iroXefiiwv eXvcrafirjv, out et,
TLcri 0uyaTepa<; cuve^eBcoKa, ouTe tcov toloutcov ouBev.
Kai yap outco tto)? u7r€LXr](f)a. Eyco vofii^co "^ov fiev 2r>8
€v TradovTa Belv fiefivrjadai, rov iravTa '^povov, tov Be
irotr^aavTa 6u6u<; eTnXeXrjadat, eu Bel tov fiev j^prjaTOV
rov be firj fiiKpoYV^ov Troiecv epyov avrpwirov. 1 o oe
88 AHMOSeENOYS
Ta<^ iSia<^ ev€py€aia<; vTro/jLi/jLvrjcrKeiv Kac Xeyecv /uiKpov
helv ofJLOLov ean ro) oveL^L^eiv. Ov S/; iroir^aw tolovtov
ovBev, ovBe Trpoa-^OtjaofjiaL, aW oirco^ iroO vireikrjfjLfiat
irepL TovTcov, apKei. jjlol.
2^" BovXofiat he tcdv lBlcov airaWayei^ en fiiKpa 7rpo<;
u/xa? eiireLV irepi twv kolvoov. Ill fiev yap ep^e^?,
Aia-^LVT], rcov vtto tovtov tov ))\lov euTTeLV uvupcoTTCjv
ocTTL'; adcoo^ r-^? ^iXLinrov irporepov Kai vvv t?;? A\e-
^avhpov hvvaaT€ia<i yeyovev, ?; rwv KXkr^vwv i] twv
l3apl3apo}V, ecTTCOf crvy^wpw aoi tt,v €fn]v, eure rv^rjv
elre Bvarv^iav ovofia^eiv l3ov\€i, Travrcov aniav yeye-
271 vrjadai. El Be Kai rcov fiy^eircoTroT lBovtwv e/jie /xrjSe
(f)(i)V7]v aK7]K00T(DV €fiou TToXXoL TToXXci KUL oetvcL ireiTov-
6acn, fii] [JLovov Kar avBpa aXXa Kac TroXec^ oXac Kao
eOuT), iroaw htKaiorepov Kac aXrjOea-epov tjiv uiravTwv,
(u? eoLfcev, avOpcoircov TV)(riv KOLvrjV Kai (popav riva
irpayiiaTwv '^aXeTrijV Kac ov^ ouav eoec tovtcov acriav
272 rjyeccruai,. 2,v tolvvv ravT a<peL<^ e/xe lov irapa tov
TOLol TreTToXtrev/ievov atria, Kac ravr etSoj? ore, Kac et
fii] TO oXov, fiepo<; y eiri^aXXu Trj<; pXaa(^y)ixia<^ airaai, ZV
Kol fidXio-Ta aoL. El fiev yap eyco KaT e/iavrov avro-
KpuTcop cov irepl tcov irpayfiaTcov efSovXeuo/iijv, i]v iv
273 rot? aXXoL^ priTOpatv vjjuv e/jie airiaaOat • et Be Traprjre
/lev ev Tal<; eKKX7]aLaL<^ aTrdo-ac^; aei, ev kolvco Ze to
avfK^epov 7] 7ro\i? TrpovrlOeL aKOTrelv, iraai he Tavr
ihoKec TOT dpiaT elvat, Kai /laXio-Ta aot, (of yap eir
evvola y efiol irape.y^o3pei<^ eXirihcov Kai 'C^i]Kov Kai tiikdv.
nEPITOY2TE4>ANOY. 89
a iravra irpocrrjv to2<; tote Trparrofievoc^ uir €/.wv, aWa
T?;? a\7]deLa<i ijTTwiievo<^ ZrfKovoTi kul toj [xrjhev €^€cv
eiTrelv /SeXrcov,^ ttco? ovk uSlk€l<; Kac Becua 7roi6c<i TovroL<;
vvv eyKoXwv d)v tot ovk et^^e? Xeyetv /SeX-TLO) ;
Ilapa jxev tolvvv toZ? aX\oc<; eycoj opw iraaiv 274
ui>dp(i>7roi<^ hicopicriieva Kai TeTajfJueva 7ra)9 tu TouavTa.
AoiKeu Tf^ 6KCOV ' op'y7]p Kau TL/jbcopiav KaTa tovtcv.
E^rifiapTe rt? clkcov ' avyypcofMTjv uvtl t?}? TLficoptu,':
TOVTW. OvT ahiKcov Ti<^ ovT e^afiapTuvcDV 6t? ra ttckh,
BoKovvTa avfi(f)epetv eavTov Sof? ov KaTcopOcoae fied
aTTavTwv ' OVK oveihi^eiv ovBe XocBopelaOai tw TOiovTio
StKaiov, aXXa avva'^OeaOat. ^avrjaeTat TavTa iravra 2rs
ouTco? OV fiovov ev tol<^ vofjLL/jLOL<;, a\Xa Kau i] <pv(TL<;
avTT) Tol<; aypa(f)OL<i vofMOc^ Kai toI<; avOpwmvoi'^ rjOeat
BiwpLKev. Aiay^ivq^i tolvvv togovtov vTrep/Se/SXrjKev
a7ravTa<; avOpoiirov^ co/jlottjti, Kau crvKocpavria, coaT€
Koi wv avTO<i aJ9 aTV^rj/jLarcov e/jLe/jiVTjTO, kul ravT e/xov
JcaTTjyopel.
Kai irpo^ Tol<; aXXoL<;, loairep avTO<; aTrXw? Kai fi€T 276
evvota^i TTaz^ra? €Lp7]Kco<^ tov^ Xoyov<i, <pv\aTT6tv e/ie Kau
^ T7]p€LV eKeXevev, birw^ /jlt] irapaKpovaojiaL fMvB e^aira-
T7]aco, Betvov kul yorjTa Kav aocpLaTrjv Kai Ta TotavT
ovofid^(oVf a)9* €av irpoTepo's Tt? €L7rr} Ta irpooovd eavTcp
irepl aXXov, Kai Br) TavO ovtco^; e-^ovTa, Kai ovketl tou?
%K0V0VTa<; crKe'\\rofjLevov<^ tl<^ ttot avT0<; eaTiv o TavTa
\eywv. Eyo) B olB otl ytyvwaKeTe tovtov a7raPT€<;,
Kai TToXv TOVTW fjioXXov 1] e/xot vo/jLi^6T6 TavTa Trpoaei"
8*
90 AHMOSeEXOYS
2~~ vat. KciKslvo S ev olB , on ti]v efirjv Seivorrjra —
€(7Tco yap • {^KaiTot eywy opco 7t]^ twv Xeyovrcov ovva-
/zew? Tou? aKOvovTa<i to irXeiaTOv Kupiov^ • «? yap au
vfiei^ aTToSe^rjaOe Kai Trpo<; eKaarov e^rjr evvoia<;, ovT(o<i
o K.ey(DV eoo^e (ppoveiv). jLl o ovv eari Kai irap e/xot
Tf? €/jL7r€ipia rotauTTj, ravirjv fiev evprj(r€7€ Trainee ev
T0i9 KOivol<; e^era^ofievrjv virep vficov aei Kau ovSa/tov
KUU VflMV OVO LOia ' T1]V 06 TOVTOV TOVVaVTLOV, OV
fiovov TO) \eyeiv virep twv e-^Opwv, aWa koI el tl'^
eXvTTTja-e rt rovrov tj rrpoaeKpovae irov, Kara tovtcov.
V yap avrr) oiKaico'^, ovo e<p a crvfj(pepet rrj TroXet,
273 '^prjiai. Ovre yap rr]v opyrjv ovre ri]v ey^Opav ovt
aWo ovdev twv tolovtwv tov kuXov KayaOov ttoXittjv
Sec Tov<^ vTrep rcov kolvcov eicreXrjXvOoTa^ BiKaara^ a^iovv
avTcp ^ejSaiovv, ovB virep tovtcov et? ffta? eicnevai,
aKXa fjbaKiGTa fxev /ir] e^ecv tuvt ev ttj (pvaei, ei o
ap avayKT], irpaco^ Kai /leTpico^; BcaKei/iev e-^ecv.
Ev TiGLV ovv cr(f)oBpov elvat tov TroXcTevofievov Kat
TOV pr^Topa hel ; Ev ol<; twv oXcov tl KivhweveTau ttj
TToXeiy Kat ev oi<^ 7Tpo<^ tov<^ evavTtov^ ecrrt to) ct.fico, ev
T0VT0t<; • TavTa yap yevvatov Kai ayaOov tzoX/toi,
279 AIt^Scz^o? he a8LK7]/iaTO<; TrcoTrore Brj/ioaiov, irpoa6i,aco Ke 31.
^Tjh lBiov, SiK7]V a^iwaavTa Xa,8e2v Trap e/iov fn\6^
virep Trj<; rroXeco<; ^r^6 virep avTOV, aTe<f)avov Kai eirai-
vov KaTr)yopiav rjKecv orvveaKevaa/j.evov, Kat ToaovTovao
Xoyov<; avrjXcoKevac tS^a? e^Opa<; Kai (^Oovov Kat jiLKpo-
ylru^ia<; eaTU aTj/ielov, ovB6vo<; '^prjaTov. To Se Srj Kai
nEPIT0Y2TE$AN0Y. 91
V 3\ >\ >/» 1 r r. 5V f ^*
Tou? 7rpo<; €fi6 avrov aywz^a? eaaavTa vvv evrt tovo
7jK(:CV rraaav e^^et KaKcav. Kat /jlgl BoKel<; e/c tovtcov, 280
Aia-^LVT}, Xoycov einhei^LV rtva icat (f)0)vaoKLa<; ^ovXo-
/j.€vo<; TroLTjcraaOai tovtov irpoeXeadai tov ajuyva, ovk
aBLKr]fjLaTO<; ovBevo'^ Xa/Secv rcfjLwpiav. Ectti 8 ov^ o
Xoyo^; TOV pr]Topo'^y Aia-^ivr], ti/jliou, ovo o tovo'^ tt}?
i^(ovrj<^, dXXa to raura TrpoaipelaOac toI^ ttoXXol^ kclI
TO TOL'? avTov^ pbicrelv Kac (^iXelv ovaTrep av r) TraTpc?.
(J yap ouTO)? ^X^^ '^^l^' T ^X'^^^' ovTO<^ enr evvoca ttuvt 2SI
epel' 6 S' u(f)' oiv i) TToXt^ TrpoopccTac Tiva Ktvhvvov
eauTT), TOVTov<^ OepanrevoiV ovk eirt rr}? avTrj<; op/iel toI<;
TToWoI?, ovKOvv ovSe T?}? aa(f>aX6ia<; ti]v avTTjv e^et
irpoahoKiav. AXX , opa? ; Eyw ' TavTU yap crufi'
(f)epov9^ 6LXop.r]v TOVTOtat, Kat ovBev e^aipeTOV ovB cScov
TreiroLrjfiai. ^ Ap ovv ovBe av ; Kat ttw? ; *■ O? eu- 28a
^e&)? /ji€Ta Tijv /jLa^V^ irpea^evTi]'^ eiropevov Trpo<^ ^c
Xlttttov, b? r]u twv ev €K€cvol<^ toI<; ^P^^^^'^ avpu^^opcov
aiTL0<i TT} TraTptSc, kul TavT , apvov/ji€uo<; TravTa tov
V A ' ' ^ f t f if
€/jL7rpoau€ p^po^'oz/ TavTTjv TTjv XP^^^^' ^'^ rraitTe^ ccra-
aiv.
KatTOf. Tt? o T7]v iroXiv e^airaTcov ; Ov^ o purf
Xeycov a (f)povel ; Tm 8 o KTjpv^ KaTapaTai hiKauw^ ;
Ou Tft) TOiovTw ; Ti Be fxel^ov e%ot rt? av eiireiv uBl'
82C Kr]/.ia KaT avBpo<; pryropo^ rj €l fit] TavTa (f)pov€(, xac
Xeyec ; Xv tolvvv ovto<; evpe6r)<^. Elra av (f>deyyy 283
Kat, ^Xeireiv et9 ra tovtcov Trpoawira ToX/JLa<; ; IJoTep
ov^ ^lyel yiyvdiaKeiv avTOv^ ocxTt? el ; H ToaovTov
9*2 AHMOSeENOYS
VTTVOV Kol \r.6i]V aiTavTa<^ Cy^'^^ ^^^~ ^^ fiejuvrjaOai
70V^ Xoyov^ ov^ eh-qji-qyopei^ ev toj hriiw, Karapco/ievo^
fcai hiofivvfjievo^ fii-jhev dvai ctol kul ^lXlttttcp Trpcr/fia,
aX\! €/jLe rrjv alrlav aoL ravr-qv errayeiv rrj^ tS/a? €U€k
M e\9pa^, ovfc ovaav aXr/Oij ; '12^ 8' airrjyyeXd-i] Ta^(ia6
7/ /Ji('ixV> ovdev TovTcov (ppovTicra^ evOew^ co/xoXoyei'^ Kai
irpoaeizoiov (ptXtav Kai ^eviav eivac aoL tt/t-o? avrov, rrj
fj,Lcruapi>ia ravra /xeraTLuefievo^ ra ovo/xara • €k irotas
yap larj^ rj BLKaLa<; 7rpo(pa(T6Q)<; Aia-^Lvrj tco FXavKoOea^i
ttJ? TViiTTavLarpla^ ^evo^ t) (ptXo^ i] jvwpL^o^ i]v ^l-
Xltttto^; ; ^Eyco fiev ov^ opco, aXA, eiJLLa6oj6r}<; eirc rco
ra TOVTCDVL av/j-<j)6povTa BtacpdeLpeLV. AXX o/xco^ outco
4>av6pw<; avTO<i €LX7]/ifj.evo<; 7rpo6o7r)<; Kai Kara aavrou
fn]vvTr]<^ eVt roU crv/jb^acri yeyovco^ e/ioL XoLtopei Kai
ovetSi^et? Tavra, odv iravTa^ fiaXXov aLTLOV^ evp\(jeL<^.
1&0 TloXXa KOL KaXa Kai fieyaXa // 7toXl<^, Aiay^ivr,, Kau
irpoelXeTO kol Karcopdojo-e Be e/j.ov, cov ovic rj/xvrjp.oi'rici-ev.
2,7)fjL€L0v be ' '^(eipoTOVwv yap o oy]fio<i rov epovvr eiru
. TOL<; T€T€X€VT7]Kocri 17 ap avTci Tu crv/j.f^apTa ov ere e^ei-
poTovr)(T6 TTpo/SXrjdevTa, KaLirep eixpcovov ovra, ovBe Ar}-
fidBrjv, apn ireiroi-qKora ti]V etprivrjp, ovd HyT]/jLova,
ou8' aXXov vfjLwv ovSeva, aXX e/xe. Kac irapeXOovTO^
aov KCLL IlvOofcXeov^ w/^w? Kai ai/aiSo)?, (o Zev Kai Beoi, 32i
Kat KaTrjyopovvTwv e/xou ravra a Kac av vvvl, Kac \oi-
fpT, Bopovpievwv, er afieivop ey^eiporovTjcrev e/xe. To B
aiTLOV ouK ayi>oeL<i fxev, opico^ te (ppaao) aot Kayoi,
^ApicfxJTep' TjBeaav avroc, ry]v r epajv evvoiav Kat irpo-
nEPIT0Y2TE<I>AN0Y. 93
dvfiiav, fieO ?)? ra irpayixar eirparrov, Kac Tr]v vfjicre-
pav aScKiav ' a yap evOevovvrwv rcov irpajpbarwv rjpveL-
ade Siofj.vv/jL€voc, ravr ev ow eTrratcrev ?/ TroXi? o)/jlg\o'
yyiaare. Tov<; ovv eirt, tol^ kolvol^ ajv^r^pLaaiv cov
e(f)pouovv \aj3ovTa<i aBeiav e^Opov<i fiev irdXat, c^avepov^
he ToO ijyi,aavTo avTOL<; yeyevrjadac. Elra Kau irpoai]- 2S7
Keiv v7ro\aiJ,/3avovT€<; rov epovvr eiru toI<^ rereXevrrjKGcn
Kai TTjv e/cecvcov apeTi]V Kocfiriaovra fn,d opLwpocpiov
fjii^v ofiocTTrovoop yeyevrj/mevov ecvai rot? 77^09 CKeivov;
7rapaTa^a/jievoi<;, fir^h €Kel fiev Kcofxa^eiv Kac iraLoyvL^etv
eiTL Tal<^ Twv EWtiVcov cTV/i(f)opal<; /lerci twv avroyeipfov
Tov (popov, Seupo S eXOovra nfiaaOai, /xrjSe ttj (f)covrj
aKpvetv viroKpivofievov 7i]v e/cetpcov 7V'^i]v, aWa rrj
"^VXV crvvaXyelv. Tovro S ecopcov irap eavTol^ kclI
Trap efJLOt, irapa h v/jllv ou. Aia ravr cfxe e^eiporo-
rrjaav Kac ov^ Vfxa<;.
Kac ov^ /jl€v Brj/jio<^ ovtcd<^, ol he rcov rereXevrrjKo- 233
rcov Trarepe? Kac aheX^oi ol vtto rov hi][JLov roO aipe-
6evTe^ eiTL rci? ra^a? aXXco<; ttco?, aXXa Seov nroielv
avTov<; TO TrepLoeiirvov w? Trap OLKetoraTw rcov rereXev-
TTjKOTcov, (o<7Trep raXX eiwOe ytyveaOai, tovt eTToiy-
> ' / 771' ' / ^ V f/
aav Trap e/xoL. i!jLkot(o<; ' yevei fiev yap eKaaro^
eKuarcp fiaXXov ouKeuo^; 7]v e/xov, Kotvy he Traaiv ovhea
eyyvrepco • a> yap €KeLvov<; awOrjvat, Kai KaropOwcraL
822 fiaXtara hLe<pepev, ovro^ Kai TraOovrwv, a (jltj ttot
(o(f)6Xov, T?}? vTrep aTravrwv XvTrr)<^ TrXelarov fic elyev,
Aeye avro) tovtl to eTrtypafxfia, orjfioaia Trpoei- 23s
9^ A H M O 2 e E N O Y 2
\czo i] iroAL^ avToh eTTiypd^at, 'lv etor,^, AiaxLvr}, fcat
ev avTco tovtm aavrov uyvcofxova kcu crvKocpuvTriv ovra
Kai jxiapov. zleye.
EUITV AMU A.
OiSe TTurpa^; eveica cr^erepa? ei? hrjpLV eOevio
"OirXa, KCLL dvTLiraXwv v^piv aireaKehaaav.
MapPiijxei'OL S' aperrj^ Kai BeLfiaTo<; ovk eauwaav
Wu)((i<;, uX\! ^AtZr]v KoivQV eOevro /3pa/3?;y,
Ovveicev 'EWi\vwv, co? fxi] fyyov avyivi Oevre^
Aov\o(7Vvrj(; arvyepav a/x^i? eyjjiaiv vfSptv.
Talci h\ Trarph e^et koXitoc^ tmv irXelcrra Ka/iovT(ov
^(Ofiar, eirel OptjtoI^; efc Alo<^ r/Se KpLo-i<;.
M7]Sfv d/jbaprelu ecrrl Oecov Kat iravTa KaropOovv
'Ev (Siorr), fiolpav S' ou n (pvyelu eiropev.
290 '^A:ou6i9, Alax^vrj, Kai ev avro) tovtw «9 to fiTjSev
d^ap-relv earl 6ewv Kai Travra KaropOovv ; ov
Tco avfi3ov\(p TTjv rov Karopdovv rov^ aycovL^ofievov^
dvedr,K€ Bvvafiiv, dWci roh Oeol^. Tl ovv, w Kara par ,
€f.iol irepl TovTcov XocSopel, Kat Xeyei? a gol 'cai rocfi
ao'is ol 6eol rpeylreiav et? KecpaXriV ;
891 JJoWd TOLVVV, CO dv?)pe<; ^A67]va7oi, Kai aWa Karrj'
yopT]KdTO<; avrov Kai KaTeyfreua/jLevov, fiaXiar eOav/xacra
irdvTWv, OTi tC)v av/jL^e^TjKOTcov rdre rrj iroXei /j.v7jad€i<i
ovx «? ^^ evvov^ Kai SUaio^ TroXirr}^ ^^X^ ^''^^ yvwiiriVy
ovV ehdKpvaeVy cvB' eiraOe roiovrov ovBev rrj yjrvxv,
HEPITOYSTE^ANOY. 95
■ifc.3 aX\ eiTapa<; t7]v <^wvr]v Kai yeyT^Ow^i Kai Xapvyyi^oiV
(pero [lev €fiov KaTrjyopelv BrjXoport, hetyixa 3 €^6(f)6p€
Kaa eauTov ore TOL<i jeyevijfiei'OL'i aviapOL<; ovoev ojuiOLCi)<i
6(7^6 TOL<; aW0L<i, KaCTOL TOP TWV VOfKOV Kac rrj? TTO- 29a
\LT€ia(; (f)aaKovra (ppovrc^etv, wairep outo<; vvvl, /cat et
/jLrjBev aWo, tovto y e^eLV 8et, ravra XvirelaOai Kai,
ravra '^aipeLv roa 7roWoL<;, Kac jjirj rrj rrpoaipeaei rcov
Koivwv ev rep rwv evavrcwv /jLepec rera^Oat. ^ O av
VVVL 7re7roir]KQ}<; el (^avepo^, e/xe rravrwv aunov Kai Bl
e^e et? rrpaypLara <pa(TK(ou ejjLireaeLV rijv ttoXlv, ovk arro
rrj^ €fjirj<i irokireLa^ ovhe Tvpoaipeaew^ ap^afxevwv vpLcov
roc<i EXkr](TL l3o7]6eLV. Eirec efioty ei rovro BodecTj 253
Trap vjjLcov, Sl efie u^a? rjvavrtwadat rrj Kara rwv
EWiiVcov op-^T) irparro/ievT], fxei^cof av Bodetrj ooypea
avjjbiraaoiv cov roi<i aWoL'i SeBcofcare. AW ovr av
eycD ravra (firjcratfjit, aBiKOcrjv yap av u/za?, ovr av
v/jL€L<i ev olB on (Jvy')(wpr](TaLre • ol'to? t €l BiKaia
errocei,, ovk av evcKa rr]<^ 7rpo<i e/xe e-^6pa<; ra jieyuara
ra)V vfierepwv KaXcov e/SXairre Kac Bce/SaXXev.
AXXa re ravr tircrcfjcw, rroXXw ayerXcoirepa aXXa 294
Karr]yop7]Koro<; avrov Kac Kare-^evajievov ; *' O? yap
e/jLOV (pcXcTTTTcapLov, (o yrj Kac Oeoc, Karrjyopel, re ovro<;
OVK av eciroc ; Kacroc, vij rov HpaKXea Kac iravia^
Oeov^, ec y eir aXriOeLa<^ Beoc aKoirelaOac, ro Kara-yjrev-
BecrOac Kac Be e^Opav re Xeyecv aveXovra<^ e/c /leaov,
Tcve<i 0)9 aXrj9(o(; ecacv ot<i av ecKor(o<; Kac BcKac(o<; rrjv
rcov yeyev 7] /lev cov acrcav eirc ri]v KecpaXriv avaOelev
96 AHMOSGENOYS
a7ravT€<^, rov^ oIiolov<^ tovto) irap eKacrrr] tcov iroXewv 35
'^^ evpoL TL<^ av, ov rov^ efioi • ot or tjv aauevr] tu ^Plxltt-
irov irpayiiara kul Kojju^r) [XLKpa, 7roXX.uKi<; irpoXeyov-
T(ov TjiJLwv KCLi iTapaKoXovvTCDV KUL hihaaKovTwv ra
f^eXncrra, r?}? tS/a9 '^v^ic aiay^poKepheLa^^ ra Koivfi
oufi(f)6povTa irpoievTO, rov<; virap-^ovra^ eKaaroi iro\iTa<^
e^a7raTcovT€<; koI BLa(p6€ipovT€<;, ew? Bov\ov<; eTroLTjaav,
QerraXov; Ado-^o^, Kivea'^, GpaavXao's ' ApKuBw;
KepKiha^y Iep(t)vv/jLO<;, EvKafi7rt^a<i • Apyetov^ Mvpri^;,
TeXeSa/io^, Mpacr6a<; • HXeiov^ Ev^id60<;, K\eoTifjLO<;,
ApicTTai'^/jLO'i ' MeaaTjviovi oi ^iXiciSou rov 6tOL<;
€^6pov TratSe?, Newv Kai Q pacrv\o-)(0'^ • ^ iKvcoviov<i
ApiaTpaTO<;, Eiri-^^aprji; • KopLv6iov<i A€Lvap-)(o<^, Arj-
fiaparo^; ' Meyap6a<; IJTOLoBcopo<;, E\l^o<;, Il6pL\ao<; '
0i]l3atov^ TL/jLoXa<i, Seoyeircov, AvepbOLTa<i • Ev/3o€a<;
29G iTTTTap^o?, K\etTap'^o<^, XwaiarpaTO^ • eirLXeL-^ei fie
Xeyovra rj 7]fiepa ra tcov TrpoBorcov ovofiara. Ovtoi
iTavre<; etcnv, avBp€<; AdrjvaloL, rcov avrcov ^ovXevfiarcoi
ev Ta2<; avrcov irarpiaLV (ovirep ovtoi Trap vfilv, avOpo)-
TTOL fiLapob Kai KoXaK6<; Kai aXaaTope^, rjKpcoTr]ptaa/jL€voi,
Tu^ eavTcov eKaaTOL TraTpiha^, ti]v eXevOepiav Trpoire-
TTco/core? TrpoTepov pL6v ^iXltttto), vvv he AXe^avSpw, ttj
yaaTpi /x€TpovvT€<; Kai tol<^ aia'^iaTOi'^ ti]v evoai/jioviav,
iVji h eXevOepiav Kai to fir)Beva e-^eiv ZeairoTrjv avTcov,
a Tolv 7rpoT£poL<; ' EXXrjatv opoi tcov ayaOcov yaav koI
Kavove<^, avaT6Tpa(poT€<;.
*97 TavT7j<; TOLVVV T?;? ouTa)9 aLa^pa<i Kai Trepi^orfrov
nEPITOY2TE*ANOY. ^
'5 a-vaT(i(T€co<; icai KaKLa<^, /xaWov S , co avBpe'^ AOrjvaloi,
'rrpoBoaca';, eu Bel fxrj Xrjpelv, tt}? tcov EWtjVcov e\ev'
tfepta^i, If re 7ro\L<; irapa Tzaaiv av6pu>iT0i^ avacTLO<;
yeyovev etc tcov efiwv TroXtrevp^arcov Kat eyco irap v/jllv.
era fi epcora^i avro TroLa<^ ap€Trj<i u^iw TLfiaaUat ;
Eyco B?i (jot Xeyco, otl tcov TroXiTevofievcov irapa tol^
EXkrjcji Bta(f)dap€VTcov diravTcov, ap^ajxevcov airo crov,
TTpoTepov fjLev VTTO ^(XcTTTTov, vvv S iTTT AXe^civhpov,
eyLte ovTe Kaipo^ ovt6 (pLXavupcoTrca Xojcov ovt eirayye- 293
Klcdv /jLey6uo<^ ovt eXttl^; ovt€ <popo'^ ovt aXXo ovoev
eiTTjpev ovhe TrporjyayeTO cov e/cpiva Si./caicov Kac avfji(f)e-
povTcov TT] iraTpchi ovSev TrpoBovvau • ovh baa avfi^e-
BovXevKa TrcoTTore TOVToiat, o/j.oico<; v/xcv, coairep ev Tpv-
ravT] peTTOiv eiri to Xfj/xfia crvix^e^ovXevKa, aXX air
op6rj<^ Kat SLKata<; Kao aSiacpOopov T179 '^t'^^;? Ta iravTa
LLOi TreirpaKTac, Kat /leyccrTcov Brj TrpayfiaTOJV tcov /caT
EfjbavTOV avOpcoTTcov 7rpoaTa<i iravTa TavTa vyico<; Kat
^LKaLG)<; ireiToXtTevpLat. Ata TavT a^cco Ti/jLaa6at.
Tov Be Tei')(tcriJLOv tovtov, ov av /lov BLea-vpe<;, Kac tt]v 2r9
racf^petav a^ca fxev yapiTO^; Kat eiratvov Kpivoo ^ttco? yap
ov ;) TTjppoo fievToc ttqv tw^ tpLavTcp TreTToXiTevfievcov
Ti6e/jLac. Ov Xi6oi<^ eTCi^taa tjjv ttoXlv ovBe TrXtvdoa
eyw, ovB €770 rouTOt? /leycaTOV twv efiavTOv (fypovco •
uXX eav tov e/xov Tec^ccr/jLov ^ovXr) hiKaLW<; (TKOTreivt
€vprjaec<; oirXa Kao iroXec; Kac tottov^ Kau Xip.eva'^ Kat
VaV<i KOl [TToWoy?] tTTTTOU? K.at TOV^ VTTep TOVTCOV afjLV-
vov/MCvov^. TavTa irpov^aXopirjv eyco irpo t7]<^ Attlktj^, 300
9
98 AHMOSGENOYS
ocTOV 7]v avOpcoTTCVfp Xoytc/jLcp Svvarov, Kat TOfTOi? erei-
ytcra ttjv '^wpav, ov^u tov kvkXov tov lj.6LpaLco<; oude 32*
Tov ao"Teo9. OvBe y rjTTriOrjv eyo) to6? XoyiCMOt? ^t-
XfTTTTOu, TToWov y€ Kau Set, ouBe rat? irapaaKevaL<;, uW
ol TCJV av/jL/jia^cov arparrjyoi, Kai ai hvvayuu^ 777 tv)(v,
Tlv€<; al rovTwv airoheL^ei^; ; Epapyel<^ /cat (papepai,
^K07r€LT€ Se.
301 It, xprjv TOV evvovv iroXiT-qv iroieLV, re rov /xera
Traarjf; irpovoia^; Kac irpoOvpLLa^ Kai hiKaioavvr]'^ vrrep
Tr}? irarpiho'^ TroXirevopievov ; Ovk e/c ixev Oa\aTT7]<;
TJ]v Ev^oiav TTpo^aXeadai irpo rrj^; Attlkyi^, €k Be ttJ?
fieaoy€ca<^ Tr]v BoLcoriav, 6fc Be rwu irpo^ TleXoirovv-qaou
roTTCOV Toi;? opLopov^ ravTT] ; Uv rrjv aLToiTO[ji7nav, 07ro)<;
irapa iracrai (pLkiau aXP^ "^^^ IIeipaLco<; Ko/xicrOjjaeTai,,
302 TrpoiSecrdaL ; Kac ra fiev awaat rcov virapy^ovrwv
eKirepurovra ^or}6eLa<^ Kac Xeyovra Kai ypa^ovra roLav-
ra, rrjv TIpoKOVvrjaov, rrjV Xeppovtjaov, tj]v Tepedov, ra
3' OTTO)? oifcela Kai au/LLfia-^ virap^ei Trpa^at, to Bv^av
TioVy Ti]v " AjBvhov, rr]v Ev^oiav ; Kai rcov fiev rot?
e-)(6pol<^ vTrap^^ovcrcov hvvafiecov ra? fxey terras acpeXeLU^
u)V 8' evekeiire rr) iroXei, ravra vrpocrdelvaL ;
3U3 Tavra tolvvv cnravra ireirpaKraL to2<; e/ioc<i -yp-i)-
if)lafj,aat Kat rot? e/xot? TroXirevfiaaiP, a Kai jSe^ovXev
fieva, CO avhpe^i Adr]valoi, eav avev cf)6ovov rt? [BovXrjTa',
aKOTTelv, op6(jL)<^ evpj]aei Kai TreirpaypLeva rraor] BiKaio-
avvr], KCii TOV eKuaiou Kaipov ov izapeOevTa ovB ayvorj'
OevTa ovBe irpoeOevra vir ep-ov, Kai baa et? ez/09 avhpo%
HEPITOYSTE^ANOY. 99
huvafxtv Kat Xoytcrfiov r}K€P, ouSev eWeicpOev. El Be rj
oai/jLovo^; tlvo^ ij TV')(rj<; la-yy^ r] arTparrjycou (f)av\oTr]<;
T) r(£V TrpoStSovTcov Ta<^ TroXet? vjiwv KaKta rj iravra
327 lavra afta eXvfiacvero rol^; oXol^, ew? aveTpeyjre, tL
ArjiJboaOevqs aScKel ; El S olo<; eyco Trap vfjuv Kara 304
Tr]v efiavTov ra^iv, et? ev e/caa-rr} rcov EWrjvcBcov
TToXecov avrjp eyevero, fiaXXov h et eva avhpa [jlovov
QerraXia Kat, eva avBpa ApfcaBia ravra cPpovovvra
GCT'^ev €/jloi, Of 0669 0VT6 Tcov €^0) llvXcov tjXXr^vwv ovre
rwv 6LOC0 Tot9 Tzapovai KaKOL<i eKe'^ptjr av, aXXa 7ravTe<i 305
av ovr€<i eXevOepot, Kat avrovofioc fiera Traorrjf; aSeta?
lor^aXw^ ev evBatfjuovca ra? eavroov wkovv TrarpiBa^,
TCOV TocrovTCov Kat, TOiovToov ayaOcop vfJuv Kai TOL<i aXXot^
Au7]vacoL<; €^ovTe<; %apti^ oc e/xe. Iva o etorjre ort
iroXX^ T069 Xoyoc(} eXarrocTC '^poofiac roov epywv, evXa-
fiovfji€vo<; TOP (f)6ovop, Xeye fMOO ravri Kat avaypcodi
Xa^cov [^TOP apidfjiov twv ^orjOeiwv Kara ra e/jua '\jrrj-'
(l)ccriJLaTa'^,
APIQMOS BOHQEIflN.
Tavra Kai, Toiavra irparTecv, Aia"^cP7j, top kclXov 306
Kaya6))v ttoXlttjp Bel, wp Karop6ovfJLev(op fiev [o) yrj Ka\
Oeoi^ fieytaTOt<^ avafx^t(7^rjTr]TCt)<i vTTTjp'^ev eivat, Kat to
BiKaLco<; irpocrrjv, co<; eTepco<i Be avfi^aPTCDP to yovv evBo-
KLfxelv irepteaTi Kat to fxrjBeva fie/iKpeadat ttjv ttoXlv
fjLTjBe TTjp TrpoaipecrtP avT'fj<;, aXXa ttjv tv^tjp KaKt^etv
TTiv ovTco Ta Trpay^aTa Kptvaaap • ov fia Ai ovk 307
100 AHMO20ENOY2
airoaravra rcov av/jL(f)€povT(t)V ttj iroXeu, /xLaOuxjavra d
avTOV T069 evavTLOL<^, TOf? vTTep Twv e^Opoiv fcaipov<i
dvTL Tcov Trj<; irarpLSo'^ Oepaireveiv ' ovBe tov jxev irpa-
y/jLara a^ia t^? 'tto\6(o<^ vTroaravTa Xeyew kul ypacpeiv
KOI jjLevevv eTrl tovt(dv TrpoeXofievov /SaaKatveLv, eav Ze
Tt? Ihla Tt \virr](T7], tovto /jue/jLvrjaOac kul rvpeiv ' ovSe
7 ^crvycav ayeiv aScKov /cai, vttovXov, b av iroiei^
30; TroWdfCL^. EaTC ycLp, ecrnv tjav^^^La ScKaia Kau avficpe- ^^^
povcra TT) TToXet r]V ol ttoXXol tcov ttoXltcov vjxeL^ aTrXo)?
dyere. ^AX^C ov ravTTjv ovTO<i ayei rrjv 'ijcrv'^Lav, ttoX,-
Xov ye Kol Set, aXX airoaraf; orav avrcp ^o^tj T17? ttoXl-
relcui (TToXXciKCi 3e SoKec) (puXdrreL tttjpik eare fxearoL
TOV crvv^')(oi<i XeyovTO^, y irapa T77? tvxV^ '^^ (Tv/jL^e-
^7jK6V evavTLcojJLa, rj aXXo tc ZvaKoXov yeyove (^TroXXa
Be TavOpwiriva) ' etr eiTL tovto) tm Katpcp pTjTcop e^ac-
^vrj<; etc Trj<; rjo-v^ta'^ cocrirep irvevjjb ec^avrj, Kau irecpa)-
vao'tcrjKco'i Kai crvveLXo-^a}^ pi]iJLaTa kul Xoyov<; crvveipet
TOVTOv^ (Ta(f>(o<i KOL uTTvevaTLy ov7]cnv ptev ovBepiiav ^e-
povTa^ ovB^ dyaOov KTrjacv ovBeuo'^, avficjiopav Be tm
TV)(OVTL TCOV TToXlTCOV KaO K0iV1]V aLCr')(VV7]V, KatTOV
i09 TavT7)'i TY}^ yLteXcTT?? Kol T7]<i eTTLfieXeca'^, Aia-^Lvr), eiirep
€K '^f%>79 BiKaia'^ lyiyveTo kcu Ta Trj(; 7raTpcBo<i avfji^e-
povTa 7rporipripbevri<^, tov<^ Kapirov^ eBet yevvaiov^; Kal
KaXov^ KOL irdaiv ux^eXlpbov^ elvao, avfipLa'^La^; iroXewv,
irdpovi xp7)pidTwv, efiiropiov KaTa(TK€vr]v, vojllcov crvp^cpe-
pdvTcov Oecrei^, Toh aTToBeL^detcTLV ex6pOL<; evavTLU)'
nEPIT0Y2TE<I>AN0Y. 101
TouTcov yap dirdvTwv T]V ev toI<; dvco ^povot<; e^e- 310
raai'^, koI eBcoKev 6 TrapeXOcov yjpovo'^ 7roX\.a<; airoheL^ec^
dvBpl KoXw T6 KayaOu), ev oh ovBa/xov av (j)avJ](Tei,
y€jov(o<;, ov Trpayro^;, ov Bevrepo'^, ov TpLTO<;, ou Terapro'^,
ov irefMirro^;, ov)(^ eKro<;, ov^ oiroaToaovv, ovkovv e'Jt
«ye 019 ^ Trarph rjv^dvero, Tl^ yap avfi/ia^ca gov 3II
irpd^avro'^ yeyove rfj TrdXeu ; Tc^ he ^orfieta rj KTrjai^;
329 evvola^ rj Sof 7^? ; T/? Be irpea^eia ; Tt? BiaKOVLa hi
7JV rj TToXfc? evTLjjborepa yeyovev ; Tl twv oLKetcov rj
TO)v ' EWrfviKcov Kol ^evLKcov, oh eirecnrjf;, eTrrjvcopdcoTac
Bed ae ; Uolat rpLripei^; ; TJola fie\r] ; IIolol ve-
(ocrocKOL ; Th eTrcaKevr) reL')(^cov ; IIolov ittttlkov ; Ti
Tcov dirdviajv av ;)^/37]VtyLt09 el ; Tt? tj toI^; evrropoi'^
1] Toh dirdpoi^ iroXiTLKT] kol kolvi) ^oifitva '^(pTjp.aTcov
irapd aov ; OvBefjula. 'AX)C, w rdv, et fi7]Bev rovrayv, 3ia
evvold ye kol irpodv/JLta ; Uou ; Tlore ; Oari'^, co
TrdvTcov dBiKCDTare, ovB^ ore diravTe^ oaoi TrwiroT
e(j)6ey^avro eirl tov pr]piaTO^ eh o-coTr)pLav eireBiBoaav,
KOL TO reXevTalov 'ApiardvLK0<; to cvveiXeyfxevov ei? Tr]v
eTTLTi/jilav dpyvptoVt ovBe Tore ovre 7rap7]\6e<; ovr eire-
B(i)Ka<i ovBev, ovK diropcov, — ttw? yap ; — 6? ye KeKkr)-
povd/JLr]Ka^ fiev rwv ^IXcovo'; tov Kr)BeoTOV '^prjfiaTOJU
irXeidvwv 77 TrevTeTaXdvTcov, BiTdXavTov B et;^e? epavov
Bcopedv Trapd tcov rjyeiMovcov tcov avfJLfiopLcov ecp oh eXv
/Ltrjvo) TOV Tpir]papyiKov voyiov. AKK iva /jltj Koyov ex 3if
Xoyov Xeycov tov 7rapovTo<; e/xavTOV eKKpovaco, irapaxeL-
yfrco TavTa. ^AXTC otl y ov^l Be evBetav ov/c eireBcoica^,
9
102 AHMOSeENOYS
Ik tovtcov BfjXov, dWa (pvXdrrcov to ^irjhev evavriov
yeveaOai, rrapd aov toutol^ ok airavra TroXtrevT]. Ev
Tiaiv ovv (TV veavta'^ kcll irrjVLKa Xa/Jb7rpo<; : Hvlk av
elirelv Kara tovtcov tl herj, ev tovtoi<; Xa/iirpo^wvoTa-
70?, fMvr]/j,oviK(DTaTO<;, viroKptTT)^ dpcaTO^, Tpa<ytKo<; ©e-
0Kpivr)<^.
81^ Eha Tcov irpoTepov 'yeyevrijjiivwv a'yaOwv avSpcov
fie/jLvrjaai. Kal KaXco^; Trote/"?. Ov fievjot hiKaiov
ecTTiv, dvSp€<; ^ AOr^valoi, ttjv tt/po? tov<; TereX€VT7]K0Ta<i
evvoiav v'irap')(ovaav irpoXapovTa irap v/iav, 7rpo<; €Kec- 330
vov^ e^eTCL^eiv kcu irapa/BaXXeLV e/ie tov vvv ^covTa fj^eO
315 vfiwv. Ti<; yap ovk olBe twv ttuvtcov oti toI? [xev ^ooai
iraaiv vireaTt rt? 7) irXeiwv Pj iXuTTcov ^Oovo^, tou?
re^yewra? 8e ovhe twv e-^Opcov ovB€l<; 6tl fiiaeL ; OfTw?
dliv e\ovTWV tovtcov ttJ ^vaeu, irpo^ rou? irpo e/iavTov
vvv iyo) KpLVcofxau kol OecopcofMai ; MT]Sa/ioo9 • ovt€ yap
BUaiov ovT 'laov, Alcrx^^V> ci\X(^ irpo^ ae Kai aXXov
el Tiva povXec tcov TavTci croL irporjprnievwv Kai ^covtcov,
316 Kd/celvo (TKOTret, • woTepov KdXXiov Kat a^eivov ttj iroXei
hta Ta<s T(ov irpoTepov evepyeaia^, ovaa<; vrrepfieyeOei^,
ov fiev ovv eiTTOL rt? av iiXiKa^, ra? ein tov irapovTa
8lov yiyvop,eva<^ et? a^apiaTiav Kai irpoirrjXaKLaixov
dyeiv, rj Traaiv oaoi tl yuer evvoLa<; irpaTTOvac, Tr]<;
irapa tovtcov Ttp.rj<; Kal (ptXavdpcoTrca^ fieTelvai.
817 Kal fir,v el Kal tovt apa hel fie elire^v, r] fiev efirj
iroXiTeia koi irpoaipeat^y dv tl^ op6(o<; o-kottt], Tal^ tcov
TOT eTraiVovfievoiV dvSpcov ofiota Kat TavTa /SovXoaevij
nSPI TOY 2TE*AN0Y. 103
<pan]aeTai, ?; oe <t/; tul^ twv tou<^ tolovtov^ rore crv-
KO(pavTouvT(DV ' ojjXov ycip on Kai Kar efC6ivov<; fjcrav
rtve^, OL BLa(TvpovT€<; tov<; ovTa<^ rore, tov<; Be irporepov
yeyePT] juLevov; eirrjuovv, ^aaKavov irpajfia Kai ravro
woLovvre^ gol. Elra Xejec^ co? ovBev b/jLOLG<i ei/iL e/ce^-sis
voL<; eyco ; 2,v o ofioio<^, Aia-^iVT] ; (Jo ao6\(po<i
ao<; ; AX\o<; 8e rt? ra)i' vvv frqropcov ; Eyo) fxev yap
ovSeva (j}r]/jii,. AWa jrpo^ TOf? ^(ov7a<^, co )(p7]crT6, iva
uijSev a\X eLTTco, rov ^covra e^era^e kol tov<=; KaB
v\\ avTov, wdTTep raXka iravra, tou? 7roL7)ra<;, tol'? ')(opov^y
Tov<; ay(ovtaTa<; • o ^iXafifKov ov)(^ otl TXav/cov rov 319
Kapvarwv Kat rivcov erepcov irporepov yeyevrjiievwv
aOXrjTwv acr0€V€aT6po<; rjv, aarecpavcoro^ eK T7]<; OXv/jL-
7rta<^ airrjei, aXK art, tcov eicreXOovrwv 7rpo<^ avrov
V >/ J.^ V/^5 /»
apiara e/ia-^ero, earecpavovro Kai vikcov avrjyopeveTO.
ac (TV 7rpo<; Tov<i vvv opa /le pi]Topa^, 7rpo<; aavrov,
7rpo9 ovTLva ^ovXeL twv aTravTwv ' ovheva e^Larafiau 320
flv, ore jxev rrj TroXet ra ^eXricrra eXecrOac irapiyvy
e<l)a/iLXXov r^? 6t9 rijv TrarpiBa evvoia<; ev kolvw iraai
Kei/jL€V7](i, eyco Kpariara Xeywv e<paivofxrjv, Kai rol^ €/llo1^
'yln](f)ia/ia<TL Kat vofjioi,<i kul Trpea^eiai'^ airavra hiWKelTO,
v/jLcov Be ovSet^; tjv ovhafiov, ttXtjv et, tovtol<; eir-qpeaaai
TL oeoL ' eTreiorj oe a fjbi] ttot ojcpeXe avvepr], Kat ovkhi
av/jL^ovX(ov, aXXa tcov toI<; e7rLTaTTO/jLevoL<; inr-qpeTovv-
TCOV Kai TCOV KUTa T?;? TraTjOiSo? fiLcrOapvelv eToificov koi
TCOV KoXaKeveiv eTepov<; /SovXofievcov e^eTaai<^ rjv, rrjvv
Kavia av kul tovtcov eKacTO'^ ev Ta^ec >cac fxeya^ Koi
104 AHMOSGENOYS
\a/ji7rpo<; i7nTorpo<po<^, eyco 8 aaOev7]<;, ofioXoyco, aW
evvov^ jjLoXKov v/xcov toutoktl. -^
52! ^vo B , avSpe^ AOrjvaloi, rov ^vcrei fxerpiov TroXirrjv
e^ecv Bel fovrco yap /xoc irepi epLavrov Xeyovn ave-
7^(1^1 ovcorarov etTreLv), ev fiev Tai<^ e^ovaLaL<^ rrjv rov
yevpaiov fcat rov Trpwreiov rrj woXec irpoacpecnv Siacpv-
Karreiv, ev iravTL be Kacpw kuc irpa^eu ti]v evvoiav •
TOVTOV yap ?; (f)vcrL<; Kvpca, rov hvvaaOat Be kul Lcr^veiv
erepa. Tavrijv tolvvv Trap e/xoL fie/jbevrjKvlav euprjaere
322 dirXox;. 'Opare Be. Ovk e^acTOVfievo<;, ov/c A/i(f>L-
KTVovLKa<; BLKa<; eirayovTwv, ovk aTreCkovvTwv, ovk eiray- 332
yeWofieucov, ov^l tov^ Karaparov; tovtov<; 0)cnrep
6r)pLa fioi Trpoa/SaWovTcov, ovBajxco^; eyo) irpoBeBcoKa
T7JV et? v/xa<; evvoLav. To yap e^ (^PXV^ ev6v<^ opdr^v
KUL BiKaiav TTjv oBov TTj^ TToXcTeiaf; eiXo/xTjv, ra<; ri/xa?,
Ta? Bvvaar€La<;, Ta<; evBo^La<; ra^ ttJ? irarpiBo'^ 6epa-
123 ireveiv, raura? av^etv, [leia tovtcov elvai. Ovk eiru
fiev Tol<; erepcov evTV)(i]iiaaL (paLBpo<i eyco Kac yeyr]Oco<;
Kara rr-jv ayopav Trepiepy^oiiaL, ti]V Be^iav irporeLVCov
Kcu evayyeXc^o/jiepo<; TOvroL<; ov<i av eKelae airayyeXkeuv
olco/iaL, T(£v Be r?}? TroXeo)? ayadcov Trec^pt/co)? aKovco Kac
(TTe'vcov Koi KVTTTcov eU rrjv yrjv, coairep ol Bvaae^ei^
ovl-oL, dl rT]v ^ev nroXiv Biaav poverty, (oairep ov^ avTOv<i
Bcaavpovre^;, orav rovro nroLwaiv, e^co Be SXeirovat, Kat
ev oti arv^rjcravTcov rcov EXX-qvcov evrv^Tjaev erepo's,
ravT eiraivovau Kai oirw^ rov airavTa ')(j:)ovov fievet.
<f)aai Belu TTjpelv,
nEPI TOY 2TE*AN0Y. 105
Mr] BrJT, a) 7rdvT€<; Oeoi, /jLrjBeci ravd vfjbwv eiri- 334
vevaeiev, aXka ixcCKLara fxev Kau tovtol<; ^eXrcco riva
vovv Kol (f)p6va<; evOelrjre ' €t B ap e-^ovatv aviaTu><;,
TOUTOf? fjiev auTOu? Ka6 eavrov^ e^wXet? KaL 7rpou>\€L<^
ev yf) KOI OaXuTTT] Troiriaare, 7j/jUV Be rot? XoiTTOt? rrjV
ra-^LO-rrjv diraWayriv roov eTrrjpTTj/ievcov (j^oftcop Sore KOi
Is^OTES.
NOTES.
This speech of Demosthenes is a defence of himself
against the attacks of ^Eschines, a personal and political
enemy, made in his prosecution of Ctesiphon for propos-
ing to bestow an honorary crown upon Demosthenes. It
was delivered by the orator, as associate ^advocate with
Ctesiphon, about six years after the mdictment was
moved by jEschines, — B. C. 330. The foUowirg may
be taken as an outline of the course of thought : —
I, Plan of the Oration.
Exordium, §§ 1-8.
Refutation of charges foreign from the indictment, 9 - 52.
a. Of a private nature, 10, 11.
b. Of a public nature, 12-52.
Reply to the charges contained in the indictment, 53 - 125.
Strictures upon the character and course of his antagonist,
compared with his own, 126 - 323.
Peroration, 324.
II. Topics in Succession.
1. The orator calls upon the gods to dispose his judges
to exercise as much kind feeling towards him as ha contin
ually has towards the city and all its inhabitants, and, es
10
110 NOTES.
pecially, to hear him impartially, as the laws and their oath
of office require, §§ ^i 2.
2. lie reminds his judges of two disadvantages which he
labored under in replying to iEschines ; — (1.) The vastly
greater interest which he had at stake than his antagonist ;
(2.) The unwelcome task which was imposed upon him, of
speaking in defence of his own character and conduct, 3, 4.
3. That he evidently was equally interested in this trial
with Ctesiphon, 5.
4. He again reminds liis judges of their obligations to
hear him impartially, 6, 7.
5. He again calls upon the gods to enable them to do so, 8.
6. That it was necessary for him, before entering upon
a refutation of the charges in the indictment, to reply briefly
to certain charges foreign from the indictment, which ^Es-
chines had brought against him, relating both to his private
and public life, 9.
7. That he would not attempt to refute the charges brought
against his private life, but would leave his judges to decide
whether they were true or not, from the acquaintance which
they had with him, 10, 11.
8. That it was obvious at the outset, from the very cours©
which his antagonist had taken to bring him to trial, that the
charges against his public character and course were sug.
gested by enmity, and were therefore without foundation,
12-16.
9. That he would show them to be so on one point which
had been much insisted upon by his opponent, — the peace
with Philip, 17.
10. That the divided state of Greece, not he, led to the
peace referred to, 18-20.
11. That, in point of fact, he did not propose the peace
first, but certain friends of ^schines. IMuch less did he
prevent a general combination of the tribes of Greece to
treat witjj Philip, as both facts and the nature of the case
showed, 21-24.
NOTES, 111
12. That the part which he acted in making the peace
was highly useful, by urging its completion with all despatch,
25-29.
13. That jEschines and his accomplices gave Philip an
opportunity of gaining great advantages over Athens, by
loitering an unreasonable length of time on their embassy,
before they made an application to him to ratify the treaty
on his part, 3®.
14. That, besides this, they were bribed by Philip to de-
lay their return from Macedonia, till he had got in readiness
his expedition against Phocis, and had actually passed the
straits of Thermopylae, 31, 32.
15. And to crown the whole, that iEschines, apart from
his associates, was bribed to make, on his return, a very
favorable report of the designs and disposition of Philip to-
wards the Athenians, by which they were blinded to his true
character, and led to abandon to him Phocis, their ally
without a struggle, 33 - 39.
16. That Philip, by the destruction of Phocis, gained
credit with Thebes, her rival, and was thus enabled to ac-
quire an ascendency in that city, 40, 41.
17. That from this he went on increasing his power, b^
subduing one place after another, among which wer<3 many
Grecian cities, and employing traitors in eveiy statw to ac-
complish his purposes, which he then cast aLide, as they
deserved to be, 42-49.
18. That more might be said upon tLi& ]yoint, but thatj
undoubtedly, more than enough had alieady been said ^
which, if it was the case, should be charged to the account
of iEschines, who had compelled him to enter upon these
extraneous matters in self-defence., 50-52.
19. That he would now enter upon a refutation of the
charges in the indictment, which he proceeds to have read
before the court, 53 - 55.
20. That he would reply to the charges contained in h,
m the order in which they there stood ; and should do this
112 NOTES
by first reviewing his public life and measures, to which, in
fact, they all alike pertained, and then by producing laws in
their refutation, 56-59.
21. Passing over their relations with Philip previous to
his devoting himself to the foreign policy of the city, he
states, in defence of his policy in renewing the war with
liim ; — First, that Philip was obviously taking advantage
of the corrupt and divided state of the different tribes of
Greece, to establish himself upon their ruins, 60, 61.
22. Second, that Athens could not, consistently with the
character and position which she had always maintained,
have taken any other course than to resist him, 62-68.
23. Third, that Philip first violated the peace, by seizing
certain allied cities of Athens, 69-72.
24. Fourth, that he had violated it, also, by seizing cer-
tain vessels belonging to Athens, 73-75.
25. Fifth, that Philip himself had virtually acquitted him
of any blame in the matter by a letter which he addressed
to the Athenians at that time, 76-78.
26. Sixth, that his first measures of hostility towards
Philip were in resisting his unjust encroachments ; especial-
ly, in dispossessing him of Euboea, for which he was
crowned under precisely the same circumstances under
which the decree of Ctesiphon proposed to crown him,
79-86.
27. Seventh, that the same might be said of the succor
which he sent to the Byzantians and Perinthians, 87-94.
28. Eighth, that it was no valid objection to these meas-
ures, tha . they were devised for the relief of those who had
sometimes .njured Athens, as is shown from other instances
in her history, 95- 101.
29. That the modification which he introduced during
this struggle into the system of equipping vessels was of
great service to his country, and required great moral cour-
age and integrity in himself to push it through, against the
opposition and bribes of the rich, whom the change most
affected, 102-109.
NOTES. 113
30. That it remained for him now to speak concerning
the lawfulness of the proposed mode of proclaiming the
crowning, and the obligation which he was under to render
up an account of his public offices before it w£is lawful for
hhn to be crowned, 110.
.31- That he was under no obligation to give in an account
of the money which he had contributed from his private for-
tune, and that it was for this for which it was proposed to
crown him, 111-113.
32. He produces several decrees to show that others had
been crowned under similar circumstances, 114- 117.
33. That iEschines himself had virtually acknowledged
that he was to be crowned for what he had given from his
own purse, and was not therefore accountable for, by not
objecting to the preamble of the decree of Ctesiphon, which
expressly recommended the crowning upon this ground,
118, 119.
34. That while it was a matter of indifference to the one
crowned where it was proclaimed, it was greatly for the
interest of the state to have it proclaimed in the most public
manner ; which, in fact, was expressly provided for by law,
120-122.
35. That, as he conceived, courts were not constituted to
furnish an arena for personal invective and abuse ; but yet
that he was compelled, in self-defence, to return some of
the invective which had been thrown out so freely against
him, which he should proceed to do, having first asked his
opponent one question, 123- 125.
36. That it was a matter of some interest to know who
this was that had taken it upon himself to ridicule his lan-
guage, and at the same time had himself used such lan-
guage as no respectable man would have ventured to use,
126-128.
37. The origin of ^Eschines, and his late appearance in
public life, 129-131.
38. That» even before the breaking out of the war, ho
10*
114 Nur*}^,.
had given proof of a treasonable connection with Philip , —
First, by the attention and favor which he showed to Anti-
phon, one of his emissaries, 132 - 135.
39. Second, by his cooperation with Python, another
agent of Philip, 136.
40. Third, by his connection with Anaxinus, also engaged
in the service of Philip, 137.
41. That numerous other instances of his treasonable
practices in those times might be mentioned, were it neces-
sary, 138.
42. That he still continued in the service of Philip after
his designs were plainly manifested, and he had virtually
made war upon Attica, 139.
43. That especially desei'ving of attention and reproba-
tion was the aid which he had given Philip, in getting up
the Amphictyonic War against Amphissa, and securing to
him the conduct of it, 140 - 144.
44. That Philip, prevented from bringing his contest with
Athens to a close by intervening Grecian tribes, sought
some pretext of common interest, which should open a way
for him into the heart of Greece ; and, thinking that he dis-
covered such a pretext in the desecration of the sacred re-
gion of Cirrha by the Amphissians, hired ^Eschines to pro-
cure a vote of the Amphictyons to make war upon them on
that account, 145- 150.
45. That the Amphictyons, undertaking the war, soon felt
their need of the aid of Philip, as he anticipated they would,
End applied to him to take the lead of the forces. But that
he, being thus intrusted with carrying on the war, instead
of proceeding against the Amphissians, turned aside and
took Elatea, as a most favorable position from which to
operate in his designs upon Greece, and especially upon
Athens, 151-157.
46. That jEschines had furnished him with the opportu-
nity for doing all this, and thus was the guilty cause of all
the evils which had befallen his country, 158, 159.
NOTES. 115
47. That, while his opponent was thus engaged in the
sennce of Philip, he was steadily resisting him ; and, es-
peclclly, watched to prevent a rupture between Athens and
Thebes, and a union of the latter with Philip, 160— 162.
48. That, by the intrigues of Philip and his accomplices,
these cities were veiy near an open rupture, as is shown
from various documents, 163— 168.
49. That, amidst the trepidation and confusion occasioned
by the arrival of the news of the capture of Elatea, he
alone appeared as counsellor, and proposed such a course
as was calculated to secure the confidence and alliance of
Thebes, 169 - 173.
50. The course which he advised to be taken, 174- 178.
51. That he not only proposed an embassy to Thebes,
but afterwards went upon it himself, and succeeded in se-
curing the object proposed to be effected by it, 179— 187.
52. That, although the time when these measures were
proposed was the proper time for making objections to them,
still, as iEschines did not do it then, he would call upon
him to do it now, if he could, but not to blame him for the
issue, since this, in all cases, was in the hands of the Deity
188-194.
53. But that, even if the issue should be taken into thf>
account, it ought to be considered how much lighter the
stroke was rendered by his policy than it otherwise would
have been, though it did not succeed in averting it, 195.
54. Furthermore, that if ^Eschines foresaw the result, i»
was his duty to have pointed it out at the time of the de-
liberations ; but if he did not foresee it, he was as much
accountable for this as himself, or any other one. That, in
truth, ^schines had never given any timely and useful ad-
vice on any question, but only appeared in times of trouble,
to augment the evil, like fractures and sprains when the
body is weak, 196-198.
55. Besides, that, even if the issue had been distinctly
foreseen, the city could not, consistently with the position
116 NOTES.
which she had always occupied among the powers of
Greece, and the example of their ancestors, have tak«^n
any other course than the one which he advised, 19P -205
56. That, if Ctesiphon should be condemned according
to the demand of ^Eschines, it would be saying, in effect,
that they had done wrong in following his advice, and not
that they had been frowned upon by fortune ; and, at the
same time, would be showing a spirit unworthy of their
ancestors, 206 - 210.
57. A resumption of the account of his proceedings at
Thebes while on his embassy at that place, 211, 212.
58. The opposition which he encountered there, but his
success against it all, 213, 214.
59. The cordiality and confidence with which the Athe-
nian troops were received at Thebes, when at length they
marched thither to unite with her against Philip, and the
success which they met with in two different battles, 215-
217.
60. Tl-e change which is produced in the tone and bear-
ing of Philip, 218-221.
61. That he himself w.is crowned on the occasion, in
consequence of the success of his measures, by a decree
of precisely the same nature as that for which Ctesiphon
was now arraigned : and that ^schines mio-ht with more
justice have prosecuted the proposers of this decree, than
he now prosecutes Ctesiphon, 222 — 226.
62. That the reasoning of yEschines, in which he con-
tends that these services are more than offset by his own
and ouglit to leave no impression in his favor, is sophistical,
227-231.
63. That the proper view to take of the matter was to
consider the resources which he had at his command, com
pared with the difficulties to be overcome, which he pro-
ceeds to do, 232-2.37.
64. That it was no objection to his policy, that he liad
inn^lo the burden light upon some of the allies, in ord^r to
NOTES. 117
secure their alliance ; since their ancestors had done so in
a memorable instance, and since the circumstances of the
case rendered it necessaiy, and he and his friends would
have been sure to assail him for h, if he had let the oppor-
tunity of securing their alliance pass, 238-243.
65. That, in foct, the city had not been defeated in any
thing coming under his charge, 244-247.
66. That the people and courts of justice had, by their
conduct towards him since the unhappy issue of the strug-
gle, warranted such a decree as that of Ctesiphon, 248 - 251.
67. That, as he was aware, it was no way to judge of a
man by his fortune, especially with such unworthy views
of fortune as his opponent had expressed; but yet, that, m
self-defence, he was compelled to draw a comparison be-
tween his own fortune and that of ^schines, 252-256.
68. A comparison of their respective fortunes at the dif-
ferent periods of life, 257-264.
69. A recapitulation of the points of contrast in their
fortunes, with some additional particulars, 265-267.
70. That, in disproving the charge of being attended by
an ill-fortune, he did not consider it proper to speak of his
private good deeds, 268, 269.
71. But of his public course h should be further observed,
that, if any one had been freed from the power of Philip,
it ought to be ascribed to him ; but that their misfortunes,
since they had been shared by all Greece, should be con-
sidered as a consequence of the evil fortune of all, or, at
least, could not be charged to him, any more than to his
countiymen generally, and especially to his adversarj^,
270-275.
72. That the caution given the judges by his adversary,
Ko be on their guard against the influence of his artful ora-
toi-v, was unnecessary ; since whatever of that he possessed
had always been employed for the good of his countr\-, and
on nroper occasions, which was more than could be said of
his antagonist, 276 - 284.
118 NOTES.
73. That the people had manifested their confidence in
him, and their distrust of his adversary, by choosing him,
m preference to all oth.crs, to deliver tlie funeral oruiion over
the dead bodies of those who fell at Cha3ronea, 285-290.
74. That it was a very suspicious circumstance in iEschi-
nes, that he was not at all affected at the mention of the
calamities which had befallen his country, but could recount
them, for the purpose of charging them upon him, with per-
fect indifference, 291 - 293.
75. That nothing could be more malicious than the charge
which his adversary had attempted to fix upon him, of acting
for Philip, when it was notorious that he himself, and a band
of others like him in every state, had been the busy pro-
moters of his interest in Greece, 294-296.
76. That if then it be asked, why he deserved to be hon-
ored with a crown, he would reply, — First, because that,
of all the public men of his time, he alone had shown him-
self proof against bribes, 297, 298.
77. Second, because of the protection which he had se-
cured to Attica, not merely by repairing her fortifications,
but, more especially, by the alliances and defence which he
had gained for her by his measures, 299 - 305.
78. That these were the proper works of a statesman, and
very different from those of his adversaiy, 306-313.
79. That the comparison which his antagonist had made
between him and some of their predecessoi-s was unjust, for
various reasons ; but, if he pleased, that he would stand a
comparison with him, or any of his contemporaries, 314-
320.
80. That at least it must be acknowledged that he had
uniformly pursued a patriotic course, 321-323.
81. The peroration, containing a simple prayer to the
gods to dispose these enemies of their country to better
things, or, if they were incurable, to pursue them with de
Btr?iction over sea and land, 324.
NOTES. 119
§ 1 - 9. ExoRDTTJM. This exordium has been justly ad-
mired. The style is flowing and graceful, and the spirit
solemn and earnest. We are introduced immediately to
the scene of the trial, and find ourselves in the presence,
not only of the eager multitude of Athens, but of the gaz-
ing divinities of Olympus, We feel the fervor of the
speaker, the first sentence he pronounces, and anticipate
the solemn interests which he has at stake. As the cir-
cumstances of the case were sufficiently well known to
his hearers, from the speech of his opponent and from
general notoriety, the orator very properly employs his in-
troductoiy remarks in preparing the way for a favorable
hearing whh his judges. This kind of introduction was
called by the Greeks ecpodos^, while those em])lo3'ed in ex-
plaining the cause, etc. were called 7rpooL,uLa. As to its
substance, it expresses a desire that his judges may hear
him impartially, the reasons for that desire, and then a
repetition of the desire ; or, as Dissen has expressed it, a
wish^ the grounds of the wish, and a return to the wish.
1. ai'8p€9'''AdT]v(noi ] "• men of Athens, Athenians." dvrjp
was generally joined by the Greeks to the names of na-
tions ; also to titles, professions, etc. This is not uncom-
mon in English ; as, English?/za7i, policema/z, etc. By this
title he addresses his hearers generally, but especially the
judges. The cause was tried -before one of the tribunals
of the Heliasts. These were the popular courts, and took
cognizance of the greater part of the causes which were
tried at Athens. The Heliasts were six thousand in all, and
were divided into sections, varying at different periods and
on different occasions from two hundred to one thousand
or fifteen hundred. Besides, these courts were open to and
tlironged by the people (see as evidence of this, among
other passages, § 196, init.), and hence differed but little
from the popular assemblies. — toIs 6eoU evxoixai, k. t. X.]
Tifis was the most solemn form of invocation used by the
(Greeks, it being substantially the s^mie as that uttered by
120 NOTES.
the crier at the opening of the meetings of the assembly.
See Schom. Assembl. of Athenians, § 92. The importance
of the cause justifies the earnestness of the appeal, and
perhaps prompted it ; though many have supposed that it
was resorted to by the orator in order to remove from the
minds of his hearers the suspicion of his impiety, which
the speech of jEschines was calculated to leave upon them.
— 6ar]v evvoLav .... ToaavTrjv.'^ Perhaps a mere oratorical
inversion of the members of the sentence for the sake of
emphasis ; but more probably, as Dissen suggests, for the
purpose of stating the reason for the request he was about
to make before the request itself If he had always been
well disposed to them, he certainly might ask that they
should be kindly disposed to him on this occasion. — vTvap^ai]
Not simply " to be," but " to begin to be," " to spring up,"
'' to be ready at hand," "-to be afforded." The aor. is used
like the aorists below, TrapnaT^o-aL, noLqa-aaOai^ etc., because
the act referred to is independent of circumstances and mo-
mentary in its nature. The request is simply for the pres-
ent trial, [v.* § 257, 1 ; C. § 63, 1. Both the meaning of
the word and its tense contribute to bring out the opposition
desio-ned to be expressed to exoyv eya> Siare'Xco. " 1 continually
have." — TovTovi] The i adds to the demonstrative power
of the pronoun, same as the adveii) here does in English •
hence, " this here,'' = " this present." C. § 28, 2. —
eTTfiB' ] This marks the succession indicated by npo^Tou yn«'p
in the first line, and hence is equivalent to devrepou 5e. The
6e, which regularly follows /neV in the adversative clause, is
gi'uerally omitted with eTreiTa, since this particle expresses
the contrast sufficiently of itselt". K. § 322, R. 4. Thia
second reason, he says, has reference to them instead of
himself, bearing alike upon their obligation to the gods to
preserve their oath of olfice, and upon their rej)ulatiofl
• K. stands for Ku!iiier''s Gm-k School Graiiuiuir (1st A merit an ed.)
and C. for Cliuinplin's Greek Grammar
NOTES 121
among men. Observe the connectives, kgI . . . . re koL, rt
•cat refer, one to evae^ehs and the other to §0^179, while Ka\
connects both of these with viicov ('' for you, and indeed
both for your piety and honor.") — o-u/x/3ouXoi/] " counsellor,"
"adviser." ^Eschines, in his oration (§§205,206), had
urged the judges to confine Demosthenes, in his reply, to
the same order which he himself had pursued. This is
further alluded to in § 2. — tov ncos aKoveiv, k. t. X.] This
is an infinitive clause used as a noun. Such clauses are
found in all Greek authors, but abound in ©emosthenes
more, perhaps, than in any other. The infinitive used as a
noun expresses action divested of all its accidents and cir-
cumstances, — the veiy soul and essence of action, there-
fore. It possesses great energy and vivacity, and is favora-
ble to condensation. It is natural, therefore, that it should
be a favorite construction with a mind of such force and
vehemence as that of Demosthenes.
2. TTJ Ta^ei Koi rfj aTi6koyia\' " the order and the defence."
Alluding to the restriction in this respect which .-Eschines
(§§ 203-205) had urged the judges to lay upon him.
These words are governed by XPW^^^"-'-) ^"^^ form a part
of the infinitive clause introduced by to. The article which
precedes each of them has a kind of possessive sense, =
" the order and the defence which each party is properly
entitled toy Comp. to jxepos twv ylrrjcfxou, " the required or
legal part of the votes," § 222, et alias. It is also to be
observed, with Dissen, that logical strictness would require
a word of more general meaning than diroXoy'Lo. in this place,
as aTToSei'^et, for instance, which would apply to both parties
in a suit ; since dnoXoyla properly refers only to the defend-
ant. But a special term was veiy naturally adopted in
making a general remark with reference to a particular
case. — 01s ^€^ov\r}Tat KtiL TTpnrjprjTaij The* relative clause
here boing placed before the demonstrative clause, makes
the arrangement emphatic, as was observed in a similar
case above, § 1. Of the two verbs, the former properlv
11
122 NOTES.
means " has desired," and the latter " has preferred " ol
' fixed upon." They are not synonymous, but cumulative^
in their meaning.
3. oi) irepX .... ay<x)vi^oixai] " I do not contend concerning
things of equal value," or " I have more at stake." All
that jEschines had at stake was the fine of a thousand
drachmas imposed upon the accuser in such causes, if he
failed to obtain a fifth part of the votes of the judges in his
favor, and the inability to institute similar prosecutions af-
terwards, ^omp. Herm. Polit. Antiq. § 144. Demosthe-
nes, on the contrary, had been charged with so weighty
accusations by iEschines, that, had the cause been decided
against Ctesiphon, he must have fallen with him, and lost
all character with his fellow-citizens, both for wisdom and
virtue. As he states at the commencement of § 8, his
whole public and private life was involved in the cause.
And this is what makes this, of all the orations of Demos-
thenes, the most valuable. It is a profound and statesman-
like discussion of his long course of public and private la-
bors in the service of his country, — a discussion which
involved ever}^ thing which he held dear, and to wliich he
brought the experience and reflection of his ripest vcars. —
Ikeiu TTjv ypa<pT]v] A technical expression, meaning " to gain
the cause." — aXX' epol /xeV, k. t. X.] A case of aposiopesis.
The thought suppressed after eynol pev may be best supplied,
I think, as follows : " but while to me every tiling is at
staked To this clause, the clause after the parenthesis cor-
responds. The only difficulty here is in eV TrepLovcrias. Trfpi-
ovcria properly means " superfluity," " excess," and hence
may mean " advantage," as it evidently does in Orat. de
F. L , J). .366, mit. : tU nZv t) TavT-q<: TrepLOvain . . . . ; " U hat
then is the adi^anta^e of this ? " €< Trepiovalas^ then, would
mean " from a^^antage ground," or " with the advantage,"
tvhich is the meaning given in the first edition. Upon more
'•eflection, however, 1 am now inclined to the more common
meaning of the phrase, '' superfluously," " wantonly."
NOTES. 123
We may translate, therefore : " but while to me every thing
is at stake (but I am unwilHng to express any unpleasant
forebodings at the commencement of my speech), he ac-
cuses me from mere wantonness," i. e. without any just
cause, evidently without any apprehension of serious conse-
quences to himself. — "Erepov S'] He here states the second
point of the disadvantage he labors under in comparison
with his adversary, viz. the natural love in man for slander
and crimination, and his disgust at self-conmiendation.
4. cos enos elnelv] " SO to Speak." Denoting a limitation.
K. § 341, R. 3 ; C. § 70, 15. — e'xH " to have," " have
wherewith," " be able." It governs dnoXvaaadaL and deiKvv-
uai, — the first in the aor., because the charges to be refuted
were a definite thing, and the refuting of them was con-
ceived of as a single act ; the second in the pres., because
designed to describe a continued attempt to set forth his
merhs, extending through the whole oration, and bearing
upon an indefinite number of particulars. — TreTToirjKu koL ne-
TroXiTevfjiat] The difl^erence in meaning between these
words, as here applied, is not obvious, and perhaps none
exists, but they are to be i .garded as substantially synony-
mous, and joined together for the purpose of oratorical ful-
ness and emphasis. We find each of them, in difierent
places, joined with the verb Trparrco ; as, ^ 45, eV tw TroXtrev-
ea-dat Ka\ Trpdrreiv, and, § 62, npaTTeiv Koi ttokIv ; also, F. L.,
p. 373, fin., OTL Trpd^ei ravTa koi iroirjaei. noXiTeveadai prop-
erly means " to act as a citizen of a free state," i. e. " to
take part in the public deliberations of the government,"
" to suggest measures of government," and hence, " to act
the part of a statesman," " to effect as a statesman," " to
manage," veiy like the Latin gerere. But npaTTfiv, as ap-
plied to public aflfairs, seems to refer to acting as a regularly
appointed public officer, or as a regular business and for a
livelihood, and hence with selfish and ambitious views, like
the Latin agere. See § 45. noLelu properly means " to
make," like facere in Latin. But it often has a meaning
124 NOTES.
rei 7 similar to Trparretv, "to do," "perform." Probably,
nowever, noie^v in all its meanings retains som.e allusion to
Its primitive meaning of producing a result^ creating or
bringing about something. It may be rendered, therefore,
m these cases, " to cany through," " bring about," " make
good." — a)s fieTpiaraTa] " as moderately or briefly as possi-
ble." K. § 239, R. 2, (d) ; C. § 50, R. 5. — r6 TrpBy^ia avro]
" the cause itself,'''' i. e. without any seeking of his own. —
eo-Tt di<aios] Instead of eWl hUaLov, — the personal instead
of the impersonal construction, which is veiy common with
St/caios, ^|ioy, etc. K. § 307, R. 6, (d).
5. Ka\ ovhev .... e'/xoi] This seems to be said in allusion
to the assertion of iEschines (§ 210), that all his interest in
the case had reference merely to the crown and the procla-
mation. We have seen, § 3, how Demosthenes was equal-
ly interested in the cause with Ctesiphon, who, as the one
formally prosecuted, had first replied to vEschines, and now
Demosthenes replies as equally implicated. — a'XXco? re kclv
.... (Tvn^alvrf\ " especially if this happens to one by an
enemy." kuv, it will be perceived, is a crasis for kqI civ ;
hence aXXwy re Ki'iv means, literally, " as in other cases, so
particularly if" {Kai being stronger than re, and making the
last member prominent = a/ic? especially. K. 321, 1, c).
Observe that the intransitive verb a-vp^aivi] takes the agent
or author after it in the gen., with l-tto, like the passive verb.
K. 299, II. 2, (a). — evuoiai Ka\ (pL\av6poiniai] " favorable re-
gard and kindne-ss." Which of course he would 'ose if
the cause was decided in favor of ^Eschines, who had occu-
pied nearly his whole speech in dec tying Demosthenes. A
decision in his adversary's favor, therefore, would be allow-
ing the charges against himself. This higli appreciation of
their kindness and humanity must have been very grateful
tu his judges, since the Athenians prided themselves upon
Ins virtue. See Oral. adv. Leplin., p. 490 • /iel^oi', a. afdpfs
'Adrjvalm, erjiSuun (ppovoiai eV d^portjTi <a. ..ourjpia ^ vptls eVi
qjiXavdiJUiTria K,u rw tci di<aL:i iSuvXfO-Oai.
NOTES. 125
fi. This and the following section, as Dissen observes,
with his usual insight into the oratarical structure of sen-
tences, are distinguishable into three parts, of which each
succeeding part confirms and more fully explains the pre-
cedino-. The first ends with fit/caicof, the second with o^w-
/xo/ceVat, and the third concludes the period. — ovs 6 rid(\s
.... o/ico/io/csVat] " which Solon, their original framer, being
kindly disposed to you and a friend of the people, thought
should be controlling (supreme), not only by proposing them
for enactment, but also by the fact, that you who sit in
judgment have taken an oath to make them so." Solon,
the frainer of the democratic constitution of Athens, was
regarded by the Athenians as eminently a friend of the
people, and is often described as such by writers of all classes.
He is alluded to in this character here, because the orator
is about to assert the supremacy of the laws which he made ;
— he was highly democratic, it is confessed, but neverthe-
less he designed his law to be superior in authority to every
thing else. The laws brought before the assembly of the
people for enactment were always to be written down, and
hence ypd(peLv in such case means " to propose." Logical
strictness seems to require that ojiooixoK^uai should mean '' to
place under oath," but the act. never has this meaning.
The causative verb " to swear " is opKoZv or SpKi^eiv. See
<S 30. The word was probably used as having a softer
meaning ; since it implied less control of the lawgiver over
the judges.
7. ra? alrias kgl tcis Sia,3oXas-] These two words are often
found joined in Demosthenes, and instead of the last we
frequently find 'hoiSopla. See § 15. ahia, as defined by
Demosthenes, Orat. adv. Androt., p. 600, means " charges,"
i. e. mere accusations where no proof is given ; 5ta,3oXi7
means " a false accusation," " slander." — 6 Siookcov laxvfi]
^* the prosecutor is strong, or has the advantage." 6 Sicoaccou
pronerly m-eans "• one who pursues oj" follows up," ju«t a<9
prosecutor does with us ; but the Greeks had a correspond*
11 *
126 NOTES
ing term for defendant, 6 cbevycov (see tw (f)€vyouTi in the next
clause), which we have not. — TropfX^fli/] "to pass bv,''
" to escape."" A word adopted, evidently, to keep up the
figure contained in 8iqjko)v and (pevyuvri. — larepov] I retain
this in preference to varepov^ the other reading, since it cor-
responds better to nporepos above. See Horn. II. V. 15- 17 :
^rjyfvs pa tt pore p os . . . . 6 S' v ar € p o s copvvTO ;^(iX/<c5 Tv-
dei^qs. And if it be said that irpo-epov is also found instead
of TTpuTepos iu some MSS., it may be replied, that this read-
ing is undoubtedly wrong, as irporepov means " formerly."
See §§ 10, 142, 223, 238, 316. — /cal Ka\] "both"
. . . . " and," connect not only their respective verbs, hut
also the participial clauses standing in connection with them
— OVT03 TTjv bLayvoocnv, k. t. X.] " shall thus make the decision
concerning every particular" (i. e. in view of all the cir.
cumstances of the case).
8. COS eoiAce] This is thrown in by way of limitation or
abatement of the comprehensiveness of the assertion implied
ni Trai/ros. Such limitations are common in Dem.osthenes,
as in every cautious and accurate thinker. — eTreiO', k. t. A.]
" then, whatever is destined to contribute to the public honor
and your individual piety, that this the gods may grant to
you all to decide concerning the present indictment." peW^i
^:voi(r€iv forms a periphrastic future of veiy much the same
liature as the Latin periphrastic future, consisting of the fut.
p;irf. and the verb siiiii ; it does not indicate an action as
simply future, but as incomplete, — what is on the point of
taking place, or is destined to take place, koivtj properly
m<?ans " in common," " collectively," " as a body " : but
as these introductory remarks were addressed not ex( iisivc-
ly to the judges, but to the citizens generally, who thronged
the court, and with whom equally with the judges he wished
to gain an acquittal, it may very properly here be taken in
the sense of " publicly," as above. The decision of this
l.ause w(MiId bear upon their public honor, inasmuch as the
measures of Demosthenes had been adopted and acted up(»D
NOTES. 12-7
80 extensively by the city, tliat a condemnation of him
would be a condemnation of the public policy. This idea
he more fully develops in subsequent parts of the speech.
It would bear upon the individual piety of those who sat in
judgment upon him, since they were religiously bound as
judges to give just decisions according to the laws.
9. The orator, having completed his exordium, now pro-
ceeds to reply to the speech of his opponent. And, first, to
certain charges foreign to the indictment, relating both to
his public and private life. — Et /xeV ovv^ k. t. X.] " If, there-
fore, ^.schines had accused me only for those things on
account of which he brought the prosecution," etc. The
points for which the prosecution was brought are those con-
«iined m the indictment (ypatprj), §^ 54 and 55. It will be
ipparent from examining this, that all charges brought
-(gainst his private life were foreign to the cause. Certain
<)ublic measures, also, especially the peace with Philip, he
considers foreign to the cause ; since he then acted only a
tecondary part, — the peace having been proposed and
brought about by others, while he merely proposed a decree
iOi' obtaining the ratiiication of it on the part of Philip as
soon as possible. — Trpo^nvX-cvii^Tos] " preliminary decree."
tlc'ferring to the decree of Ctesiphon to crown Demosthe-
les, which ^Eschines, in his indictment of its author for
proposing it, had represented as illegal on several grounds,
and which, therefore, it was the business of Demosthenes
^o defend. This oration, therefore, may be, and indeed is,
by its author, considered, at different times, as a defence of
himself, as a defence of Ctesiphon, or of the decree which
Ctesiphon had proposed ; since they we're all, in fact, ar-
raigned by the indictment. This will be seen, if it be stated
under what circumstances the prosecution arose. It was'
what was called, in Athenian law, ypi<pT] napavopoiv. or an
indiclmejit for ■proposing illegal decrees^ or such as were
supposed to violate any law still in force. Any one on
proposing such a decree was liable to be impeached for its
128 NOTES.
illegality, before the popular tribunals, by any of his fellow
citizens. Now, in the present case, Ctesiphon, a friend of
Demosthenes, had proposed a decree in the Senate to crown
him on account of his eminent public services, which ^s-
chines asserted was illegal, and commenced a public prose-
cution of its author for proposing h, and indirectly of De-
niosthenes, as unworthy of the praise bestowed upon him
by it. It is called a preliminary decree^ because it had
never been ratified by the assembly of the people, and con-
sequently was but a partial decree, expressing only the
opinion of the Senate. Had it been sanctioned by the peo-
ple, it would have become a ■v/^i^^icr/ia ; but this was prevented
by the indictment of its author, lodged by jEschines with
the archon before it was acted upon by the assembly. —
Sie^tcbi/] " rehearsing," " setting forth in detail." For the
ace. of the thing, and the gen. of the author or cause, with
KaT(y\revaraTo^ SCO K. ^ 292, R; C. '^ 53, R. 11. — Iva iirjbels.^
X. T. X.] " that no one of you, influenced by words foreign
from the cause, may hear with more estrangement (aver-
sion) my just remarks upon the indictment " vTrep, which,
like the Latin super, properly means '^ over," " above,"
comes to mean, when transferred to the relations of thought,
'•upon," "concerning," very much like nepi \ since, for
instance, a dispute over a thing is substantially the same as
a dispute about a thing ; but the first implies a closer and
more essenti^d relation.
10. fi€l3'Knacf)rjiJLT]K€] For the construction of this verb, see
^ 11, n. — dvdaxw^^ ] i ^16 aor. subj. used as imperat , as
is generally the case in prohibitive expressions with /z^, K.
§ 259, 5. — vnepev] " over well," " ever so well." — kui fxrj-
hfvbs .... ;^f£poi/:(] "and (that I may say nothing offensive)
inferior to none of the middling or respectable sort of peo-
ple." — i]v'\ When placed thus in the same clause with its
noun, it lias the force of an adjective pronoun, as wJiat often
has in Knglish (" what favor"). K. § 3H2, 8. — eVSeSe.;^^^]
' you have shown forth," " exhibited," like the La:in pra
NOTES. 129
ie ferre. The middle voice, but not used in the strictest
sense of the middle. K. § 250, i, (b).
11. KaKOTjdrjs S' cou . . . . rpiyp-eadm] " But, ^Eschines,
being e\i\-?ninded, you altogether weak-7?iinded/y minded
(thought) this, that T, having passed by the account of my
public acts [see ^ 4, note], should turn (i. e. to reply) to
the slanders uttered by you" (as a malicious man like him-
self naturally would). There is a play upon the words
Katcorjdrjs. evrjOes, ajj^^rj?, which I have attempted to imitate in
the translation. — T€Tv(f)(op.ai] lit. " have become stupefied,"
" am a dunce." For the perf. here, as often, expresses
rather the y^esuJt of the action than the act itself, K. § 255,
R. 5. — vnep] = TTfpi nearly ; see § 9, note, and K. § 293,
I. (2), (e). — a KaTfyl^evSov kcu dieiSaWes] " which you invent-
ed and slanderously stated," = made out hy falsehood and
slander. The ace. here denotes the effect or result., and
the verbs are to be taken in the pregnant meaning. C.
§ 57, R. 1. The same is the case with oaa .... ^e^\acr(f)f)-
^jLTjKe (§ 10), " which reviling he has stated slanderously
concerning me," = inode out by slander. In the sense
" falsely charge upon," Karayj/evdeadai governs the gen. of
person and ace. of thing. See §§ 9 and 24. But 6i: /3(iAXfii/,
in the simple sense " to slander," governs the ace. of the
person. See § 24 {ttoXlv being viewed as a person). These
two usages being kept in view, these verbs will give the
student no further difficulty. — ttjs Se irojXTTelas., k. t. X.] "• but
this invective, so freely indulged in, I will afterwards call
up, if there remain in these (i. e. his judges, etc.) a disj)o-
sition to hear." noixTreia properly means " a procession,"
!>iit as in the Dionysiac processions ribaldry and abuse were
indulged in, it came to have the meaning here given to it.
See § 122, note. Obsei-ve the Greek idiom with verbs of
willing., desiring., and the contrary, in the phrase av ^ov\o-
fieuoii uKovftv fj TovToiai., lit. '' if it may be to tliese willing to
hear." C. § 59, R. 3. — It will be observed from tliis and
the preceding paragraphs, that the orator proposes to arrange
130 NOTES.
what he has to say under three general heads : 1st, to reply
to the charges brought against him foreign to the indict
ment ; 2d, to those contained in the indictment ; and, 3d,
to return some of the invective which his adversary had
heaped upon him.
12. jreju iov €vloov'\ " concerning which, some of them, at
least." That Iov does not depend upon eVi'coy is evident from
the similar case in Dem. Apliob, ii., § 23, where both words
are in the ace. — biboaa-L n/zcopias] " give punishments."
Tiiicopia, then, was the regular punishment ordained by the
laws in specific cases ; but Ti^rjfxa was the arbitraiy damage
or penalty awarded by the judge. See Tincopiai^ '^ 14, and
TifjLTjiia, § 55. in defence of the reading SiSoao-t, instead of
the other reading rarrou(ri, I refer, with Dissen, to Orat. adv.
Leptin., p. 504 * ot (i/d/iot) re tgIs dyadou ti ttoiovcti ras Tifj-ui
d td ovT € s Kfil oi Tols Tauavria TrpaTTOvcn t hi t i fj. co p i a s. —
Tov de TtapouTOS dyoopos .... rotaCra] " but the VCiy aim of
the present trial Ikis in view, at the same time, abuse, and
insult, and reviling:, and contumely, and all such thino-s of
an enemy." That is to say, it had in view the venting of
his enmity upon Demosthenes, and not the vindication of
justice to the city ; it was, as he calls it in a subsequent
part of the oration i§ 121), (pBuvov Slktjv^ " a cause instituted
from enmilv." This he proceeds to substantiate. — oIk evi
rfj TToAei] '• it is not possible to the city." The city could
not inflict punishment for such crimes, according to Dissen,
because committed so long before, and not presented indi-
vidually, but in a mass.
13. Ou yap .... eVriv] " For it is not proper to take
away from me the privilege of appearing before the people
and addressing them ; nor from abusiveness and envy to do
this, — by the gods, — is it either right, or lawful, or just."
That is to say, it was not proper thus to attack him in the
the name of another (instead of bringing him to trial sepa-
rately), with tliC hope of depriving him of the privilege of
Tej)lying (sec /Esch. adv. Ctcs., |). 82), and especially when
NOTES 131
done from malice and envy. The negatives ovre .... ovrt
.... ovT€ are merely an emphatic repetition, in the several
clauses, of the general negation contained in oi8^ (see
<§» 186, n.). noKiTiKov, " consistent with the laws of the
state,'''' = I aicfuJ. According to this view (which is sub-
stantially that of Dissen), yap, of course, does not refer to
the clause immediately preceding, but, as is often the case,
to the leading subject of the whole preceding sentence, viz.
the personal character and injustice of the cause. — erpa-
yoiSfi] " set forth pompously." Alluding, as also by imo-
Kplverai below, to the former profession of ^Eschines as an
actor --Trap avTu raSiKj^/xara] "immediately upon the com-
mission of the crimes themselves." The infinitive im-
mediately following these words depends on eSet, to be sup-
plied from the previous sentence. The orator is here stat-
ing what course his opponent ought to have pursued. —
flaayyeXias] A term in Athenian law, descriptive of a kind
of impeachment or information against any one deemed
dangerous to the state, in cases not expressly provided for
by the laws. Comp. Herm. Polit. Antiq. <§ 133. — ftVayyeX-
AoiTd] A participle belonging to the subject of xRW^^^f-i ^^^d
expressing the manner in which ^schines should have
availed himself of the various processes for bringing him
to justice, — a usage entirely parallel to that of the Eng-
lish in similar cases. K. § 312, 4, (e). — ypa^ovra . . . .
ypa^opevov'] Observe the difference between the act. and
mid. of this verb ; the act. part, means " propocing," the
mid. " indicting." The latter, like other verbs of accusing,
governs the gen. of the crime or charge [napavopoiv, " ille-
g:il measures"), K. § 274, 2 ; C. § 53, 12. — ou yap ^/;7rou
.... ey/ja\//nTo] " for surcIy it cannot be that he prosecutes
Ctesiphon on my account, and that he would not have in-
dicted me myself (Jpe . . . . avTov), had he supposed that
he should convict me." This is said to show that there
must have been sufhcier.t hostility to liim on the part of
/ilscliincs i(! i)r(!iH|)t a i)rosecution of him, had he seen any
132 NOTES.
chance of success. The relation between the protasis and
apodosis here is such as to deny the reality both of the con-
dition and the thing conditioned. K. § 339, i. (b) ; C. \- 74,
2. For eiJLe .... auro'z/, see § 279.
14. Kcil nrjv] " and indeed," " furthermore." Often em-
ployed to introduce a new thought by way of confirmation.
K. <^ 316, 1, (c). — elai uofxoi. .... xRW^^i-] " there are laws
concerning all cases, and punishments, and actions, and tri-
als, having severe and heavy damages, and it was lawful to
avail himself of all these." " ra iiriTiixLa sunt omnino quae
quis lucre debet, sive debeat naSelu sive aTTOTLa-ai,y Dissen.
This is the definition which Demosthenes gives of riixrj^u^
Orat. adv. Mid., p. 523. The two words are substantially
the same in meaning as they are in derivation. On this
and also rtficopiai. see note on ^ 12. - — koI OTrrjviKa icfjcuvsro,
K. T. X.] " and when he had appeared," etc. ; i. e. in case
he had. It will be observed that this is the protasis to the
clause beginning with oiiuoXoydro, and hence should regularly
be introduced by ei. K. § 339, i. (b). I do not recollect
another case of this kind, though there may be others. —
rots- Trpos f/i.e] " thosc Suited to my case." nphi epe acquires
a kind of substantive idea by having the article prefixed,
like ToTs- e/ioi?, " mine," and hence the omission of the noun
to which Tols refers. K. §§ 244, 10, and 263, d. See,
also, TO /car e'/xt', §§ '^^6, 247.
15. TocrovTOLs varepou ;(poVots'] Not " after SO long a time,"
but " in times so long after." Hence it is time definite,
and therefore in the dat. K. § 283, 3 ; C. § 60, 7. — ino^
KpivfTai^ " acts a part," " exaggerates the case," " makes
sweeping charges," after tlie extravagant style of actors.
The length of time which had elapsed since the pretended
crimes, of course, was favorable to this. — Eha .... ^ulvf-
rat] "• Then he brings his charges against me, while he
puts this man (i. e. Clesiplion) on trial, and evinces as the
cause (Trpoio-raTOi) of the whole trial tlse enniitv he has
against me, while never having direct!}' met me for this
NOTES. 133
(i. e. on this ground), he ostensibly seeks to take away the
political privileges of another." It may be obsen^ed, in
illustration of this passage, that almost the entire speech of
^schines is taken up in severe remarks and strictures upon
the character and course of Demosthenes, while next to
nothing is said of Ctesiphon, and that in a comparatively
mild tone. The way in which this suit would take away
the political privileges of Ctesiphon was, by fixing a heavv
penalty, which he could not pay, in case he lost his cause,
and thus rendering him a public debtor, which would de-
prive him of all political rights until tho debt was discharged.
Herm. Polit. Antiq. § 124.
16. av Xeyeiv] " might say." au is used with the infinitive
in all cases where it would be used in the construction witli
the finite verb, and hence gives the infin. something of the
force of the moods. K. § 260, 2, (5), (a) ; C. § 73, 4. —
on r^f rjnerepa? e'xdpas .... ^f^reti/] " that it was juSt for US
to fight out the battle of our enmity by ourselves, not to
neglect a personal contest while we seek some other person
upon whom to inflict an injury." e^eraajjios does not seem
to differ from e^fcracrt?, 'except it be, as Disson suggests, a
word of somewhat lower application, to disputes and wran-
gling. i^iTaaiv TToulv, § 226, means " to make an examina-
tioi'i," and e^eraayibv Troielad^u here miglit be rendered " to
make a review," "measure the strength of," — the verb
beino; in the mid. in the latter case on account of the action
referring to themselves. cVepw S' orw presents a case oi in-
verted attraction, the antecedent being attracted into ihe
:ase of the relative, instead of the reverse of this. K
^5. 332, R. 11 ; C. § 52, R. 7.
17. au Tis Xdoi] " any one might see," i. e. if he would
but consider the case, liv always refers to a condition either
expressed or implied. K. § 260, 1. — hr"] " in conformity
with." K. § 296, (3), (c). — ocra vTiep .... pov] " wliat he
falsely charged upon me concerning the peace and the em
bassy." See ^sch. contr. Ctesiph. ^ 62 seq. The peace
134 NOTES.
lere referred to was the peace which the Athenians made
with Philip, king of Macedonia, called the peace of Phi-
.ocrates ; and the embassy, that sent by tlie Atlienians fol
Lhe purpose of obtaining the ratification of the peace, on
the part of Philip, which had been voted on their part just
before (19th of Elaphebolion, B. C. 346, Dem. F. L.,
p. 359, § 64). A previous embassy had been sent a few
months before. Demosthenes and iEschines were both
placed upon each of these embassies. On the first embassy
they were harmonious and on very intimate terms, but
during the deliberations concerning the peace which took
place on their return, they fell into some difference with
regard to the conditions upon which the peace should be
concluded, and from this point separated more and more
widely, till they became most violent enemies. This en-
mity first vented itself publicly in the prosecution which
Demosthenes brought against ^Eschines, after their return
from the second embassy, for malversation. The speeches
of both on this trial are extant, and contain a full account
of the proceedings with regard to the peace and the em-
bassy here alluded to. The last exhibition of this enmity
was made in the prosecution which ^schincs brouo-ht
against Ctesiphon, for proposing to crown Demosthenes for
his eminent public services, which gave rise to this oration
and that of ^schines on the same subject. As to the peace
itself, it had reference to certain difficulties which Athens
had had with Philip in regard to Amphipolis, a city of
Thrace, and other northern possessions. Philip, taking ad-
vantage of the Social War in which Athens was involved
(B. C. 358), had taken Amphipolis, and also certain other
places in Macedonia, Thessaly, and Thrace, which belonged
to Athens. Athens attempted in return to gain these back,
but, after contending for this with but little success for
eleven y(^ars, and despairing of any assistance from the
other (Irccian states, who wlm'c taken up with their own petty
variances (v^^ 18-21), she finally consented to make peace
NOTES. 135
with him. For a fuller account of this whole suhiecf, see
Thirlw., Vol. II. pp. 66- 128. "Eo-rt 5' dvayKalov, K. T. A.]
" But it is necessary, O Athenians, and proper perhaps, to
remind you how things were in those times, tliat you may
contemplate each one of them in reference to the juncture
in question," i. e. the making of the pence with Philip.
vTxapXoiv is used both of the past and the present, according
as the discourse is of the past or present. We also find
TOTf and vvv with it sometimes, especially when th.e th;: g
referred to had changed since some former period. See
^ 98 : ov (po^rjdeures rrjv Tore Qrj^aiois pcofxrju Ka\ do^au vndp-
xova-avy " the then existing" (though not now). Other par-
ticiples are also used to designate the existence of things
contemporaneous with the time of the speaker ; as, cov, na-
poiv^ uTrcov, etc. ; but they all have a different shade of mean-
ing from vTTapxatv. See § 1, note.
18. Tov yap ^coklkov avaravTos irdXtpov^ The war here al-
luded to is better known under tlie name of the Second Sa-
cred War. The Phocians had taken possession of, and
subjected to cultivation, a portion of land in the vicinity of
Delphi, consecrated to Apollo, and doomed by a decree of
the Amphictyons to lie for ever waste. For this, at the in-
stigation of the Thebans, they were threatened by the Am-
phictyons with the confiscation of their territory to the god
whom they had robbed. Being rendered desperate by such
a threat, they seized upon the temple of Apollo, and robbed
it of its treasures, in order to obtain the means of defend-
ing themselves. At first the principal enemy they had to
contend with was the Thebans, but afterwards these were
joined by some Thessalian tribes, and finally by Philip.
This war broke out in the year 355 B. C, and continued
about ten years. See Thirlw., Ch. 43. — ov yap 6fj ey<oye
cTTo'XLTevoprjv TTo) TOTf] '' for uot tlicn as yet, as is well known
(o))), was 1 engaged m proposing public measures." His
first speech before the people, De Symmoriis, was made,
according to Dissen, the year -following the commencement
136 NOTES.
of the war, — tt^cotov fxh I'j.d.s ovrco SteKeitr^e] The oratoi
here uses the mildest terms possible, on account of the
popular feeling towards the Phocians for robbing the tem-
ple of Delphi. The fact is, however, that the Atlieniuns,
from their hatred to Philip, who, they saw, was fomenting
the war against the Phocians for selfish purposes, early
entered into an alliance with them, though they seem not
to have taken any very active part in the war, other than to
prevent the interference of Philip. — h A^vKvpois] " at Leuc-
tra." A small town in Bceotia, where the Thebans^ under
their general, Epaminondas, gained a great victory over the
Spartans (B. C. 371), which gav! them the ascendency
among the states of Greece, and made them veiy haughty
and overbearing. This ascendency had been enjoyed sue
cessively by Sparta, by Athens, and now by Thebes. — •
eTrei^' .... rapaxn] " Besides, all Peloponnesus had become
divided, and neither were those hating the Lacedemonians
strong enough to subdue them, nor were those formerly
supported in power by them (lit. ruling by means of them)
masters of the cities ; but there was both among these and
all the other states a certain interminable strife and commo-
tion." The state of things here described is that which
existed in Greece some fifty years after the Peloponnesian
war ; when Sparta had been humbled by Thebes, and was
but just able to maintain her ascendency in the Peloponne-
sus without extending her ambition to other parts of Greece,
and Thebes was looked upon with distrust both by Sparta
and Athens. By the enemies of Sparta in the Peloponne-
sus here alluded to were meant, more especially, the Mes-
senians, the Arcadians, and the Argives ; the three princi-
pal states in that peninsula besides Sparta, with which she
was engaged in a constant struggle in order to keep them
in proper subordination. When at the he'ght of her power,
at the close of the Peloponnesian war, her general, Lysan-
der, had established in these and all other cities which fell
into his hands her favorite form of oligarchical govermneni,
NOTES 131
mailed deKabapx^o. ov beKapxia^ by promoting to power, in each
place, ten citizens the most devoted to her interests. For
the character and workino; of these unnatural <Tovernments
see Isoc. Panegyr., pp. 63, 64. Compare also Herm. Polit.
Antiq., § 39, 7 and 8. These, however, now, during her
humiliation, they had succeeded in expelling, though they
were not as yet able to gain any absolute ascendency over
tluiir former tyrannical mistress. This statement will suili-
ciently explain the passage under consideration.
19. Tors Trap iKaarots .... €(pv€To] " lavishing treasures
ujmn the traitors in each state, he set them all by the ears,
and stirred them up against each other ; then, while the
others (i. e. the other Greeks besides the Athenians) were
remiss in their duty (i. e. to come to the aid of Athens, in
bringing her contest with Philip to a successfid close, and
thus preventing his encroachments upon Grecian interests),
and were quarrelling among themselves, he was preparing
himself and increasing in power against all." avrovs is the
reflexive for the reciprocal pronoun (K. § 302, 7). The
treasures here spoken of, by which Philip purchased adhe-
rents and advocates in every state, were obtained from the
mining district of Pangceus, in Thrace, which he had ob-
tained possession of by his northern conquests. In that
corrupt age, in which almost eveiy man could be bought,
they were of great service to him in prosecuting his de-
signs against Greece. — ol totc .... G/j/Satoi] " the then
overbearing, but now unfortunate Thebans." The change
in the condition of the Thebans here mentioned was occa-
sioned bv the destruction of Thebes bv Alexander, the son
and successor of Philip ; who, on account of their attempt
to throw off the Macedonian yoke, had (335 B. C.) razed
the city to the ground, and sold the inhabitants as slaves.
The times here contrasted were that of the Phocian war,
and that of the deliveiy of this oration. At the former
period, the Thebans were at the height of their power, it
oein^ not long after the battle of Leuctra. But since tha*
12*
138 NOTES.
event some twenty-nve years or more had passed, during
which Thebes had been gradually losing power, till she
finally met with this overthrow from Alexander. In order
to make out this inter\-al between the two periods, I place
the time of the delivery of this oration, with most critics,
about six years after the prosecution which called it forth
was first instituted. It was thus deferred by the prosecutor,
as is supposed, in order to obtain a more favorable oppoitu-
niiy for succeeding in his cause ; which at length was
thought to offer itself, when the ]\Iacedonian arms had com-
pletely triumphed in Greece under Alexander. It was at
this juncture, therefore, that it v.as brought on for a final
decision, though first moved soon after the battle of Chaero-
nea. — aX TrdXft?] Athens and Thebes. The Thebans,
being hard pressed by the Phocians, would very naturally
look to the Athenians for aid, since they were near at hand,
and, though not particularly friendly, still were apparently
no further interested in the war than to prevent the inter-
ference of Philip, with whom they were in a state of hos-
tility. The wily king, therefore, threw them a sop, by
offering them peace, and turned and joined himself to the
Thebans against the Phocians.
20. Ti ovv . . . . etVeiJ^] " What then cooperated with him
for taking you almost his willing dupes 1: (What contributed
to his finding you so ready to listen to his proposals .') The
of the other Greeks — (I hardly know whether it is proper
to call it cowardice or ignorance, or both these together)."
dX/you hfiv expresses a limhation, and properly depends upon
0)5 understood. K. § 341, R. 3 ; C. § 70, 16. — ws- epyw
(f)av€p6i^ ytyovev'^ " as has become evident from the issue."
By the issue her, alluded to, as showing that the struggle
against Philip, so long maintained by Athens, was for the
common interest of Greece, is meant the subsequent course
of Philip, who, having quieted the Athenians by oflering
diem peace, proceeded to subjugate the Phocians, and then,
n turn, the other tribes of Greece. — (rvyxapTjOdcra] " agreed
NOTES. 139
upon." — 8u3alXev] See jEsch. §§ 60-63. — ra 5e tov
Toiv .... avTJi] " but the wrong-doings and corruptions of
these in making it." tovtcov refers to iEschines and his
paity, who might not have all been present, but were spoken
of thus as a well-known clique opposed to Demosthenes.
21. Kni ravTi irdvO'' .... b€i^ipxop.ai\ " And all these, for
the sake of the truth, I am going accurately to examine and
set forth." For this fut. use of the pres., see K. § 255,
R. 4. We have here another instance of oratorical pleo-
nasm for the purpose of fulness or emphasis. Such ex-
pressions are far from being mere tautology. When used
with skill and moderation, as is generally the case with De-
mosthenes, and not to excess and merely for the sake of
rhythm, as is often done by Cicero, the different words
always present the idea under different aspects ; the one
being more general and the other more special, the one
stronger and the other weaker, the one simple and the other
figurative, or with some such difference. Dissen has col-
lected the following instances from this oration, which it
may be worth while to copy here : a^La> Koi deojiaL^ § 6 ;
irpaywdei Kal dic^^ei, ^ 13 ; Kareyj/evdov Koi duj3a\X(s^ ^11;
^oav Kal diaixaprvpeadai^ ^ 23 ; 8ri\ovv Kal diopi^eadai, <5> 40 ;
TTpovXeyou Kal diepapTvpoprju, ^ 45 ; ovk opeidl^eiv ovde Xoi8opel-
xrdai, '^ 276 ; Xoidopovpeuos Kal biaavpoiv^ ^ 180 ; noXcp.e1v koi
dia(f)epe(r6ai, ^ 31 ; Trpoopcofxevos Kal Xoyi^opevos, § 27 ; prjd*
OTiovu TTpoopau pr]d' aladdueaOai, ^ 40 ; elduis Kal iapaKibs, § 248 ;
8ooi}v Kal Ke/cpaycof, § 132 ; eiTrelv Kal dnayyelXai, ^ 33 ; (dyvTcov
Adrjvalojv Kal oWcji/, <^ 72 ; idida^as Kal du^rjXBes, § 22 ; die-
^aXXe Ka\ Sif|j/fi, § 14. — Et yap .... npos c/ze] " For if
any wrong-doing, however great {ra fxaXiara)^ should ap-
pear in these transactions, surely it pertains in no respect
to me." ra fxaXio-ra here is used as in Xen. Apol. § 18 :
OT€ TO fidXiara rj noXis evdaipovel ', also Orat. adv. Leptin.
§ 2 ; i. e. it is an adverbial ace. expressing quantity. K.
§ 279, R. 8 ; C. § 57, R. 6. See also § 95. How any
wrong-doing in making the peace could have nothing to do
140 NOTES.
with him the orator proceeds to show, hy stating, first, who
suggested it, then who took up the suggestion and formally
proposed the measure (eVde^d/xevos kuI ypdyas), and then
those who helped these carry the measure through (ot di
(Tvi^nrouTes). — oiS' av av diappay^s yj/evboiJLevos^ " not even if
you split lying." Referring to the earnestness with which
lie had endeavored to prove an intimacy and concert of
action in this matter between Demosthenes and Philocrates.
See ^sch. COntr. Ctes. § 62 ; F. L. § 13. — orov drjTroTe eveKa.]
" for whatever reason," i. e. for some reasons which he
could not stop or did not care to state. For the force of
dt]TroT€ in such cases, see K. § 95, (b). eycb 6' ovbeu oida-
fioii] " but I nothing nowhere." Not to be taken in its most
absolute sense. That Demosthenes desired and promoted
the peace is certain, though his name does not appear among
its original movers. — With regard to the individuals men-
tioned in difil-rent parts of tliis paragraph, not much is
known of most of them ; only that they were public men
at that time of some prominence at Athens, and belonged
to the party devoted to the interests of Philip. Eubulus
was the most prominent of the number, and exerted an in-
fluence in favor of Philip but little inferior to that exerted
by ^schines. Comp. Herm. Polit. Antiq. § 173, 11. One
of them, it will be observed, was an actor, which shows that
this class of men were held in more estimation then than
they are i.ow ; perhaps on account of the greater respecta-
bility of the profession at that time, but principally, without
doubt, on account of the greater demand there was for a
popular mode of address in those who were engaged in the
management of public affairs.
22. (V avT^s T^s dXr]6(Uis] " in accordance with the" truth
itself.' The charge alluded to in what follows was con-
nected with the general charge, brought against him by
/Eschines, of being the author of the peace. It was, that
he was so anxious to conclude a peace with Philip, and
urged it forward so precipil.-itfly, that there was not timo
NOTES. 141
for the delegates who had been sent for from the other
states of Greece, to form a common alliance against him,
to arrive before it was concluded. See iEsch. <^ 58. — cos
apa] " that forsooth, if any one will heliere it.'''' It usually
implies contempt or disbelief of the statement it introduces.
See § 13 ; also Pop. Orat. of Dem., VIII. § 4, note. — EtV
&).... die^?i\6€s ;] " Then, O — (what uttering could any
one address you appropriately?) is there anywhere that
you, being present, seeing me depriving the city of so im-
portant a transaction and alliance as you just now described,
manifested your indignation, or, coming forward, stated and
explained these things which you now charge me with ? *'
The first line of this passage presents an instance of a spe-
cies of aposiopesis, of which there are several other exam-
ples in this oration. The figure here consists in stopping
short when about to designate .iEschines, and, instead of
applying any epithet to him, signifyino; his inability to find
one sufliciently opprobrious fitly to describe his character
And this seems a suitable place to remark, that Demosth.e-
nes abounds much more in Jigiires than in tropes ; more in
those turns of thouij;ht which affect the structure of the sen-
tence, called by the Greeks axwara., than in those which
concern the application of words. This, indeed, is true to
some extent of all the ancient orators, and may be consid
ered as one of the characteristic distinctions between an.
cient and modern oratoiy. Oratoiy was much more culti*
vated as an art by the ancients than by the moderns, which
gave a peculiar cast to their oratorical style, making it al-
most as unlike their historical or familiar style as poetry to
prose. They paid great attention to the rhythm of their
sentences, i. e. to such a distribution of the emphatic and
the unemphatic words as to produce a regular rising and
falling in their sentences, or an harmonious flow. It follows
from this, that striking modes of address, and artificial turns
of sentences, would be much more likely to find a place in
ancient than in modern oratoiy. However, even these d^
142 NOTES.
not very much abound in Demosthenes ; — jnore than an^
other orator, probably, whether ancient or modern, he de-
pended for success upon a thorough discussion^ and a forci-
ble and vivid presentation of the whole subject to his
hearers.
23. K(u fjiijv .... \oL7rou rjp] " And truly, if I liad sold to
Philip th(^ preventing of tlie union of the Greeks, it remained
to you not to be silent." The refutation here given of the
char<re is drawn from the fact that iEschines did not accuse
him of it at the time. This argument is frequently made
to tell against vEschines throughout the oration. Ji^schines
anticipated it (§§ 215-229), and endeavored in vain to
break its force. — tovtolctl] ''to these," i. e. the Athenians.
— ovT€ yap .... e^eX/^Xey/LteVoi] " for neither was an embassy
sent at that time to any of the Greeks, but, long before, all
had been proved indifferent." Hence there was no motive
for sending to them. The discrepancy between the state-
ments of the rival orators on this point is rendered still more
difficult of reconciliation by an expression of Demosthenes
(F. L., p. 345), which recognizes the presence of certain
ambassadors from other states on the occasion of making
the peace. But this difficulty is obviated, by supposing that
the ambassadors there referred to were merely the deputies
of the allies of Athens, while jEschincs pretended that
deputies were expected also from the stales not in alliance, so
as to form a general alliance. See Thirlw., Vol. 11. p. 120.
24. He now proceeds to a direct refutation of the charge
by an argument drawn from the nature of the case. After
stating in plain language the inconsistency implied in the
charge, he finally shows its absurdity by an oratorical syllo-
gism or enthymem, which, at the same time, he contrives to
enliven, by throwing it into the interrogative form. — koi
^ovUnevoi] " even wishing." — avrol 8e] " but yourselves."
Opposed to Toui ix€U "EXXrjucis. Evpvl3dTov rrpaypa] " the
deed of a Eurybatus." A proverbial expression, denoting
Bhameit^aa treachery, having its origin in the treacherous
NOTES. H3
conduct of a certain Ephesian by the name of Eurybatiis
or Euryoates, as some have it. — Oi^kow ovt€, k. t. X.J
« ThereVore, I neither appear to be the original mover nor
the cause of the peace, nor, of the other things which he
falsely charged upon me, is any thing shown to be true.''
For the various usages of ovkow or ovKoiu, see K. § 324
R. 7. The negative contained in this particle extends to
the whole sentence, while that of ox^re ovre extends
only to their respective clauses. For the participles with
the verbs cpai^ouac and Se/..vrat, SCO K. § 310,4, (b), and foi
the difference between their construction with participles
and infinitives, see K. § 311, 8 and 11.
25. ^ovXevcou] " being a senator," i. e. a member of the
Senate of Five Hundred, with which all decrees originated.
— nvvddvcourac] This is preferable to the optat., since the
precise words of the decree are quoted. — Toi;s SpKovs] " the
oaths," i. e. the ratification, on his part, of the treaty of
peace. - o^8e ypdylrauTo, hoi raira] "not even after 1 had
proposed these things." K. § 312, 4, (a) ; C. § 71, in.—
Ti 8e ToCr ^^ivaro] " But w^at could this effect ? "
26. 6 Se inpayiiarevero] - but he all the time was
specially intent upon this," i. e. that the Athenians^should
give up all preparations for war. — oaa r^y TrdXfcosj " what-
ever of what belonged to the city," i. e. Athens, which, by
the Athenians, like Rome by the Romans, was called, by
way of eminence, the cWy. — e^ecu] "should hold."^ The
fut. is often thus used in dependent clauses. K. § 255, 3.
27. The Thracians, here spoken of as the allies of Athens,
were those occupying the southern part of Thrace, the sub-
,,-cts of Cersobleptes, to whom the Athenians were under ob-
ligation on account of his having ceded to them the Cherro-
nesus. The places named as having been ridiculed (SteVvpO
by ^schines belonged to his kingdom, and were situated
near the mouth of the river Hebrus, and in the vicinity of
the Sacred Mountain, as it was called, one of tlie most im-
portant military posts in all that region. Being seaports,
144 NOTES.
diey were accessible to the Athenian ships, which it was of
great importance to Philip to exclude from the coast. JEs'
chines in iiis spcecli (§ 8*2) had jumbled up these with sev-
eral other similar names, in such a manner as to produce a
ludicrous effect, and asserted that they were known, even
in name, to Demosthenes alone. — ourco] •' thus," " under
these circumstances," i. e. while the Thracians were in
possession of the strongliolds alluded to. — tovs eniKalpcvs
Tcov ToVcoi^] " the favorably situated of the places." The
noun here, instead of agreeing in case with the adjective, is
put in the gen. after it, as is often the case in Greek. K.
^ 264, R. 5, (a). — fi-qde ttoXXcov [xev ;^pj;;iaTcoi', K. r. X.] " noi
th.at having become possessed of much money and many
men, by means of these might easily enter upon the other
undertakings," i. e. the conquest of Greece.
28. We have here an instance of the skill of Demosthe-
nes in mingling the weak arguments with the strong. Hav-
mg made ou* ' very strong case in his favor relative to the
embassy, he seizes the oppoil^mity of bringing up in con-
trast with this the petty charge of his adversary (Adv.
Ctesiph. § 76), founded upon tiie attentions which he had
bestowed upon the ambassadors of Philip, who had recently
visited Athens to negotiate concerning the peace, in order
to show his w^ant of generosity in taunting him with the
latter, while lie gave him no credit for the former. There
bf.'ing no special minister of foreign affairs at Athens, the
d'jtv of receiving ambassadors devolved upon members of
the Senate, and it was in this capacity, he says, that he
entertained, and introduced to the assembly and the tlieatre,
th(^ ambassadors of Philip. — Btav] '■'• sight," '' place to see,"
" seat in the theatre." — ruu upxiTtKTova] "architect." So
called b(!cause he k('])t th.e theatre in repair. He was
properly the lessee of the fhealre, who, upon condition of
receiving tlic entrance-money, agreed to keep it in repair
and pay to the state a certain sum. See Boeckh, Pub. Econ.
Alh., Bk. II., 294. — €u Tolu dvolv o^oXolv^] " in the sum of
NOTES. 14r,
two oboli," " by means of two oboli." See Soph. Aulio;,,
V. 764 : eV ocpdaXfxols opwv^ '• seeing icifh the eyes." O} ,
perhaps, " in the two obols," i. e. the common seats. Two
obols was t.he regular price for admission to the theatre.
which, however, were given from a public fund, called the
Theoricon, to all who applied for it. See Boeckh, as above.
— TO. 5' oAa] "the whole," "the highest interests of the
state." — Atye] Addressed to the clerk. For the genuine-
ness of this and the other documents found in this Oration,
see Appendix.
29. EttI apxovTos MvT] a l(}>l\ov'\ In the time of Demosthe-
nes, the chief magistracj^ at Athens was filled by Archona,
There were nine of these chosen annually, one of whom
was called the Archon by way of eminence, and also Epo-
nymus, because the year was named from him : all writino-s
receiving for their date, as the decree now under considera-
tion, the day and month of the archonship of such and
such a one, instead of such and such a year. The month
HecatombcEon, here mentioned, was the first in the Attic
year ; so called from its being the season of offering heca-
tombs. It corresponded to the last part of our July and the
first part of August. As the different Athenian months are
oflen mentioned in the course of the Oration, and as the
order of their succession and their relation to our months
is a matter of some dispute among the learned, I subjoin
here a list of them as arranged by the German chronolo-
gist, Ideler, taken from the supplement of Passow's Greek
Lexicon. It should be observed, however, that, as their
months were lunar, they were obliged every other year to
introduce an intercalary month, which followed Poseideon
and was called Poseideon II.
Ilecatombajon 30 days — latter part of July and first of Aug.
IMetafreitnion 29 " — "
Boedromion 30 " — •*
Pyanepsion 29 " — "
Maemacterion 30 " — "
13
Aug.
IC
Sept.
Sept.
((
Oct.
Oct.
<(
Nov.
Nov.
u
Dec
146
NOTES.
Poseideon
29 days
— latter part of Dec. and first of Jan.
Gamelion
30 "
((
Jan.
u
Feb.
Anthesterion
29 "
u
Feb.
a
Mar.
Elaphcbolion
30 «
it
Mar.
((
April,
Munychion
29 "
u
April
C(
May.
Thargelion
30 "
__ ((
May
u
June.
Scirophorion
29 "
_ "
June
u
Julv.
Tile phrase evrj ku) via means, literally, old and new. This
was a common designation for the last day of every month ;
probably from the months being lunar, and hence consisting
of 29J days each, while in the calendar they were reck-
oned, for the sake of convenience, as -having alternate iy 29
and 30 days, giving to those of 30 days a half of a day
more than properly belonged to them. Hence, the last day
strictly belonged partly to the old and partly to the new
month, which was indicated by the expression here quoted.
And being once employed as a designation for the last day
of the longer months, it would very naturally be applied,
also, to the last day of the others. For the rest, it may be
observed, that the first day of each month was called vov
fiTjvia, and the second devrepa larafxeuov or dp^ouhov fj.T]v6s ;
and so up to ten, repeating after each ordinal number lara-
fievov or apxapei-ov prjvos [of the commencing month). From
ten to twenty, the same ordinal numbers, npcoTr],, Seu-epa, etc.,
were placed before pLeaoivros pltjuos {the middle of the month),
or before eiri Se/ca5t or hUa [in addition to a decade, or ten).
From twenty to the end of the month, either the same ordi-
nal numbers were prefixed to eVi aVaSi or eUocn (in addition
to twenty) ; or the ordinals were inverted, beginning for
twenty-one with deKarrj, if the month had 30 days, and euaTf),
if it had but 29, and proceeding in an inverted order down
twdevTspcu affixing to each the words cfydivovros, iravopfvov, or
dniovTos pTjvos {from the ceasing or close of the month). —
(f)v\rjs npvTavevnvo-rjs] "■ the presiding tribe." The pcupie of
Attica were divided into ton tribes, and th.ese again 'n:o a
hundred, and afterwards into a hundred and sevmcv-four
NOTES. I4n
devii or boroughs. Each tribe had a name derived fron,
some hero or mythic character connected with the nation,
and in the time of Demosthenes were each represented in
the Senate of Five Hundred by fifty senators. The dele-
gation from each tribe undertook, in a regular oi-der of sue
cession, which they determined by lot, the presidency o(
the body, each for the space of 35 or 36 (in intercalary
years 38 or 39) days. For this purpose each of the dele-
gations elected from their ov.n number, by lot, a president,
called €7rtcrrdr779, who was intrusted with the keys of the
treasuiy and archive office, and with the state seal. His
duty was to act as presiding officer in the Senate during the
presidency of his tribe, and as the organ of the Senate in
general, and of the presiding tribe in particular, in all
matters of business. He originally, also, presided at the
assemblies of the people, till the presidency of this body
was assigned to nine 7rpoer5poi, appointed by himself, one out
of each of the other nine tribes. This is Hermann's view ;
but, according to another view of the subject, which may
be found in Smith's Diet. Antiq. (Art. BouXj]), the presiding
tribe was divided into five sections of ten each (called npoe-
dpoi), which exercised the presidency in turn for seven days,
and chose an eTrto-raTTj? daily, while the proedri non contri-
bules, as they are called, exercised a veiy different function.
The presiding tribe, besides presiding in the Senate and
calling the assemblies of the people, acted as a committee
of the Senate, to transact the various kinds of business
which devolved upon that body as a supreme court, while
not in session. For this purpose this tribe was maintained
at the public expense at the Piytaneum, w^here they spent
nearly the whole time, so as to be ready to act with authority
in the occurrences of the day which required their interven-
tion. Comp. Herm. Polit. Antiq. § 127. — o/zoXoyov/ieyasJ
*'• acknowledged," ''formally proposed." — 8eSo;(^at] "thai
•I be decj-eed." An infinitive depending upon elnelu abov
— iu Tfj Tr,jMrri e/c/cX^jcrri] i. e. the first of the Umv rogido-
148 NOTES.
assemblies held during each prytany. — ck ndurcov 'A^rji/ntW]
i. e. as a body, without regard to tribes. The 'patriai adjec-
tive belonging to each of the names of the ambassadors
was to define the demus or borousrh to which each of them
belonged, and where their names were originally registered
as citizens. The list of ambassadors is defective and hi-
correct. See Appendix.
30. 01 xpW^oX Trpeo-^ei? ovtol] " these excellent ambassa-
dors." xP^'^^^ ^^ often used thus, ironically. See § 89 :
rjv oi'TOL Kara. tt]s 7raTpi.8os rrjpovaLV ol ^pTycrrot enl rnls /xfX-
Xovaais eXnia-Lv. — rpetj okov^ /x^i/xy] This does not seem to
be strictly true. It was nearly three months from the time
the peace was voted to the time of the return of the am-
bassadors, but appears to have been but a little more than
tico^ from the time of their actual departure from Athens
to their return, — from Munychion 3d (B. C. 3 16) to Sciro-
phorion 13th. See vEsch. F. L., p. 40, and Dem. F. L.,
p. 359. — ^X^e] " returned." He was absent on an expe-
dition to Thrace when thev arrived, and thev waited there
lill his return. — e^oi/] ''• it being possible." An accusative
absolute, concerning which see K. § 312, 5 ; C. ^ 71 , in. 2.
— Tov 'EAAi^o-ttoz/toi/] The Tliracian Cherronesus lying on
the Hellespont, where Philip was engaged in reducing the
places referred to above.
31. ToiovTov'\ That is, such as described above ; — it re-
fers both to Kkeixu'i and doopoduKrjua.
32. GVTa>u .... u7Ti(cp€v] 1 rctalu this reading, in prefer-
ence either to j)utting the pronoun in the first person or the
verb in the third, since Demosthenes means evidently to
deny that he, though on the embassy, had anv thing to do
with the transaction in question. This is perfectly in keep-
ing with all that he says on the subject in his Oration on
the False Legation. He there re[)rcsents himself as having
i)Len extremely imi)atient oi" the delay, and even, on one
occasion, as having hirerl a ship to return alone, but as being
prevented hy his colleagues. 8ee especially p. 405, init.,
:^oTES. 149
and p. 445, init. — ni'Xa«r] ThernwpiilcE. A narrow pass
through the mountainous ridge separating Thessaly from
Greece, presenting by far the most eligible route, and in-
deed ahnost the only one, from the northern regions to the
soulh. Hence, if this was shut up against an enemy north
of the mountains, his progress was effectually arrested.
The occasion here alluded to, on which the Athenians
closed this passage against Philip, was several years previ-
ous to the time of the peace here under discussion, in the
early part of the Phocian war (B. C. 353). Since that time
he had occupied himself mostly in reducing Olynthus, a
Dowerfu! and independent city in the southern part of
Macedonia, and at that time an ally of Athens.
33. Ourco .... TovTovi] " But Philip was in so much fear
and anxiety, lest, even although he had taken these prelimi-
nary steps, you, having obtained information before the
Phocians were destroyed, should vote to assist them, and
his projects should fail of success, that he hires this despi-
cable fellow here." ovrut is often thus separated from its
word. See §§ 163, 220. So also ttoXv? often stands with
the second of two nouns to which it refers. See § 299. I
have restored the common reading here (instead of Bek-
ker's. which inserts el before irpb and leaves out axovaavTcs^
avTol^^ and also koI before exc^uyot) for what I consider suffi-
cient reasons. In the first place, ei would require an av in
the corresponding clause (K. § 339, ii. a.), which no MS.
gives. Again, firj^ expressing an end [that or lest)^ is gen-
erally used with the subjunctive and optative without av,
after verbs of fear, anxiety, etc. (Jelf's KQhner, § 814.)
As to avTols, though suspected by some, it seems to be re-
quired both by the connection and the laws of the l.mguage.
See §§ 39, 292.
34. 'A^tco, K. T. X.] The reader will observe the tact w!th
\Nhich the orator, on this and several other occasions, throws
upon his opponent the blame of leading him into any dis-
cussions foreign to the subject.
13*
150 NOTES.
35. eo-rai .... GT^.Sat'cyj/] " for all things will turn out as
you wish, if you remain quiet, and within two or three days
you will hear that he has becoine the friend of those a2;ainst
whom he comes an enemy, and, on the contraiy, the enemy
of those to whom he comes a friend. For not words, he
said, conlirm friendships, uttering it with all gravity, but
community of interests ; and that it is alike for the mterest
of Philip and the Phocians, and you all, to be freed from
the stupidity and oppressiveness of the Thebans." But
perhaps avaXyrja'ns mcans " savageness," as this character
is often ascribed to the Thebans. See Adv. Lept. ^ 109.
The change of feeling in Philip, which .^schines is here
represented as persuading the Athenians to belijve was
about to take place, had reference to the Athenians and
Thebans. He had excited his countrymen to hope, that,
from what he knew of Philip's character and intentions
they had nothing to fear from him ; but that he would very
naturally become their friend, and the enemy of Thebes,
as soon as he became acquainted with the true character
and relations of the two nations. It will be seen from this,
as well as the following passage, that the Thebans were
veiT much disliked at Athens, This arose, in part, as has
already been stated, from the tyrannical manner in wliich
they exercised the superiority they gained at Leuctra ; and
in part, from their betraying the liberties of Greece in the
Persian war, which was always remembered against them ,
and in part, on account of their stupidity and want of
genius.
oQ. ovK els [laKpau] The news of the destruction of Pho-
cis reached Athens fourteen days after the return of the
embassy. — kgI en .... ^iXiTTTro)] " and even besides these
things, that the hatred (formerly felt) towards the Thebans
and Thessalians fell to the city, and the gratitude felt on
account of what had been done fell to Philip.'" The :ie-
sti iciion (;f the Phocians was a popular thing among many
oi Uie trihcs of Greece, on account of the horror with
NOTES 151
iv'hich they were looked upon for violating the temple of
Apollo, and appropriating to themselves so unscrupulously
the common offerings of the Greeks deposited there. Phil,
ip, therefore, gained favor with many by subduing them,
and the Atlienians incurred odium with the same by oppos-
ing him ; since it could easily be said, that in opposing him
they were sustaining the Phocians in their impiety.
37. avyKXrjTov .... yvSjjii]'] " at an assembly called by tho
generals, with the approbation both of the prytanes and the
Senate." During each prytany, or the term for which each
tribe presided, there were either three or four regular assem-
blies ; any others which it was necessary to have during
this time were extraordinaiy, and might be called ehher by
the generals or by the prytanes, according as their object
was to consult on military or civil affairs. This was natu-
rally called by the generals, as it was in order to take pre-
cautionary measures against an invasion of Attica by Philip.
" This measure," says Thirlwall (Vol. II. p. 126), '• was
no doubt less an effect of a real panic, than a burst of ill-
humor, which it would have been wiser to suppress."
38. irepl de . . . . /SouX?}?] " but concerning the impossi
bility, let the general of the infantry, and the commissary,
and the clerk of the Senate, judge." They were appointed
in the present emergency, as a kind of court, to judge of
the validity of the excuses of those who refused to obey
the directions siven in the decree. For the meaning of
ottXcoi' in the sense of ottAitcoi/, see note, § 115. — Elne KaX-
'kiodei'r]s <i>aKr)pevs] This Statement is to be regarded as
made by the proposer himself ; but that at the first part of
ihe decree as made by the clerk of the assembly in re-
cording the decree
39. This letter was written soon after the passing of tho
above decree, for the purpose of warning the Athenians
against taking any measures to assist the Phocians, in which
Jigrht he seems to have regarded the militarv movements
above referred to. It has a calm and confident air about it
152 NOTES.
which shows that he felt his superiority. — ra Kara rrjv ^o)
Klba] " wnat peitams to Phocis," "the cities of Phocis." —
elo-ayrjnxoTas^ One form of the perf. act. part, of eiVdyo).
K. § 124, 2, (a). Observe that these introductory clauses
employ participles like infinitives to complete the verbal
idea of "lo-re, but the concluding clause of the sentence
takes the finite verb. Schaffer shows that this is not un-
common in Greek authoi-s, from Homer downwards. See,
also, Jelf 's Kuhner, §§ 759, Obs. 4, and 765, 2. — Tol? ^xh
yap o\oLs] " for on the whole." A phrase veiy similar in
meanino- to KaS' oXov. found in another letter of Philip,
^ 77. — fxerpLov] " moderate," " reasonable." — "Qare eav^
K. T. X.] " So that, if you do not abide by your stipulations,
vou will get the start of me in nothing except in being the
first transgressors."
40. ToLyapovv eK tovtoou ^X'^'^^ eiceivovs Xa/So)!/] " Accordingly
by these means he went on bearing them away," i. e. de-
ceived them, blinded them. See F. L. § 22 ; also K. § 310,
4, (1). I have restored GrjlBuloi to the text after TaXaiVcopoi,
since without it this word w^ould naturally be referred to
the Thessalians as well as Thebans.
41. (Tvvepyos Kai avvayoiviaTr]?'] " fellow-procurer and pro-
moter." These nouns, besides the gen., take also the dal.
bv the force of o-vv. This is a favorite construction with
Demosthenes, since it promotes condensation. — Ka\ yecopycov
TCI eKfluoju] " and cultivating their soil." — os ev6us^ k. t. X.]
" who was immediately demanded by him who did these
things," i. e. by Alexander, who, on the destruction of
Thebes, sent to Athens, demanding, as a condition of her
own safety, nine of the leading anti-Macedonian orators, of
whom Demosthenes was one. ^schines, in his speech
(§§ 133, 156), had made a great show of sympathy for the
Thebons, and rehearsed their calamities in a veiy touching
manner, as being caused, according to his view of the case,
oy Demosthenes. On the contraiy, Demosthenes, in this
oassage, by placing in contrast the manner in which tiieir
NOTES. 153
downfall affected him and his antagonist respectively, en-
deavors to make it appear that his sympathy was wholly
feigned, and that he himself has vastly more reason for re-
gretting that event than his adversaiy. ^schines, for his
serv^ices in the cause of Philip and his successor, Alexander,
which eventually led to the destruction of the Thebans, had
been presented with possessions in their countiy, by the
masters whom he served ; but he, by resisting tiiem, had
exposed himself to their indignation, and had actually been
demanded for execution.
42. 'AXXd yap] These particles, coming together thus,
always denote a correction or checking of one's self or
another. Sometimes the verb expressing the correction is
expressed, and sometimes it is understood, as here. An
tllustration of both usages may be found in Soph. Antig.,
within a few lines of each other, vv. 148 and 155. — dq]
used thus often in resuming the subject. See Dem. Pop.
Orat. IV. § 21.
43. 'Y/ifls fie ... . 0/Li.cof] " But you, looking with suspi-
cion upon what had been done, and being indignant, never-
theless kept the peace " ; i. e. the peace before referred to,
which was concluded with Philip just before the destruction
of Phocis. — Knt ol aX'Xoi .... Tto^f fiov/jcuni] '' And the other
Greeks, also, having been deceived equally with vou, and
having failed of what they hoped for, gladly kept the peace,
although, in a certain sense, being themselves made war
upon for a long time." For kch . . . . 6e, " and also," see
K. § 322, R. 7 ; and for the ace. rpi-rrov nua^ § 279, K. 3.
The Athenians, and many other Grecian states, seem to
have been led, by the representations of iEschines on re-
turning from the second embassy, to expect that Philip,
after chastising Phocis for her impiety, was about to humble
Tiiehes. This the Athenians in |)articular expected he would
do, bv restoring to th-eir freedom tlie Boeotian towns, which
the Thebans, during their recent prosperous career, had re-
duced under their power. When, therefore, he proceeded
154 NOTES.
to unite his arms with those of Thebes, not simply for the
chastisement, but for the total destruction of Phocis, her
enemy and rival ; and besides, to confirm Thebes in her
possession of the Boeotian towns, and even to put hei in
possession of a part of the territory of Phocis ; they dis-
covered that they had been imposed upon, and were disap-
pointed in their expectations. But notwithstanding this, and
his continued course of unjust encroachments upon Grecian
irterests, as Demosthenes here states, they preserved peace
V idi him : the Athenians, because they could effect nothing
alone by an open rupture, and the other states from indiffer-
ence, being contented with peace themselves, however much
the interests of Greece at large might suffer. This selfish
indifference, this want of an enlarged patriotism embracing
every thing that was Grecian, is what Demosthenes com-
plains of in this and the following passages, as well as in
other parts of the Oration.
44. "Ore yap irfpucov 6 ^iAitj-ttos] " For when Philip going
around," i. e. extending his conquests in different directions.
Of the two tribes here mentioned, the first was situated on
the north of Macedonia, and the last belonged to Thrace.
— 6771 Tfi TTjs dpfjvrjs e^ovala jBadiCuvres] " going thither (i. e.
where Philip was) under license of the peace."
45. erepoi \6yos ovtos] " this is another's account." — ai
be TToXeis .... aladeadiu] " But the cities were diseased,
those employed in the political and administrative depart-
ments being bribed and corrupted by gold, while the private
citizens and the multitude in part did not foresee, and m
part were caught with the bait of the present ease and quiet,
and all had some such delusion as this, viz. each thought
that the calamity would not fiiU upon themselves, but that, '
by means of the dangers of others, the}' should hold so-
curcly their own interests, whenever they wished." The
genitives absolut(> in th.e latter part of this sentence depend
upon the verb euuaow, they being introduced to describe th.e
state oi' thiiiLi;.s implied in ihat verb. noWwu. bcin^L^ (Muphni'iJ
NOTES. 155
here in the sense of " the many," would regularly have the
article, but, as it stands in close connection with 18i<ot(ov
which has the article, it is omitted. K. § 245, 2 ; C. § 49, 9.
In ttXijv ovk (lit. " except not "), ovk is used idiomatically,
same as it often is after the comparative particle ^. K.
§ 318, R. 7. crxn(T€iv^ a rare form for e^eiu ; but both forms
are used indiscriminately by Demosthenes, as will be seen
by referring to the following pages in different orations of
his, viz. pp. 13, 45, 61, 209, and 234. But e^co usually ha^
more strictly the meaning " to have."
46. EiT alaOeadai] " Then, I think, it has happened to
the masses, instead of the much and unseasonable ease, to
perceive that they have lost their liberty, but to the public
men and those thinking to sell all else except themselves,
that they have bartered away themselves first." Tre-rrpaKoa-i
is in the dat. from the influence of the object of avjx'fik^T^Kf^
which is also the subject of aladeaBac. K. § 310, 2 ; C.
'^ 70, 10. — aKovovaiv] " hear themselves called," " are es-
teemed." K. § 240, 2, (e).
47. ovd' eweLdav .... TrpoSdrov] ''nor when he may have
become master of what he has purchased does he any longer
employ the traitor as counsellor concerning the remainder;
for (were this the case) nothing would be more fortunate
than a traitor." An analysis of this sentence will furnish
an illustration of several important laws of the language.
First, we have two subordinate clauses, one adverbial and
the other aujr:;ctive, each with au and the subj., to represent
the statement in each case as somethino^ conditioned and
indefinite ; K. §§ 337, 5, and 333, 3 ; and then the princi-
pal clause, which is followed by the principal clause of a
conditional adverbial sentence (having, however, a coordi-
nate connection with the preceding sentences) of which the-
condition is suppressed. K. § 340, 1. Observe, too, the
use of ovd^u instead of uCdels^ in order to make the assej Lion
more coinpreliensive. — iroBev ,•] '* how can it be so ? " Im-
plviiiji; very strongly that it could not be so. — IloXXov yt
156 NOTES.
Koi del] " It even wants much of it, indeed." " Very fai
from it, indeed." — 'aXX' ineL^av .... Karaa-Tfj] " But when
he who aspires to the supremacy may have established him
self master of affairs." rcov npay^aTcov eyKparfjs means vei'y
nmch the same as potitus rerum.
48. Ka\ yap . . . . ev (l)povov(nv^ " for if the time of these
events has passed, at least the time of understanding sucl
things is always present to the wise." Obsen-e the use ol
Kaipos^ of the " proper time," " a particular point of time,'
distinct from xpoVo?, of " time in its duration." Also, of elde-
vai^ " to know by reflection," " to understand," distinct from
ytyvao-Keiv^ " to perceive," " mark." ev (ppovova-Lv followed
by a dat. would mean " to be well disposed." The individ-
uals nam.ed in the following sentences were traitors, whom
Philip had employed in the different states, and, when he
had accomplished his purposes, cast off as useless. — EtV
eXavi^opevcov^ k. t. X.] " Then the whole habitable world was
full of traitors rejected and insulted and suffering what not
of evil." The use of iracra T) olKovpevr] here throws some
light upon the use of this phrase, Luke ii. 1. For tl kukov
ovxh see K. § 344, R. 6.
49. 'E^ 2)v, k. t. X.] " From which facts any one might
see even most plainly, that he who guards his country most,
and opposes these (traitors) most, this one, ^schines, pro-
cures for you traitors and hirelings, the having the means
whereby you shall receive bribes ; and that through the
great mass of these (i. e. the Athenian citizens) and those
opposing vour designs, you are safe and paid, since, if left
to yourselves, you would have perislied long ago," i. e. by
l)etraying the state to Philip, as they desired to, and then,
like other traitors, being rejected and rendered outcasts.
But they had been kept from this end by the patriotism of
those who prevented the success of their treacl'.ery, and thus
prevented them from completing their work and being dis-
charo-ed and cast aside as useless tools bv their master.
•50. K«i] "although." Often fouiid thus in conjunctioi]
NOTES. 157
with a participle expressing a concession. K. § 312, R. 8.
The Koi in the following line means " even," and elprjadai is
governed by Uavcbv. K. § 308, 1, (c). — A'Itlos 5' . . . . fti-
aOapviav] *•' But this man is chargeable (i. e. for the speak-
ers having said so much), having bespattered me with a
kind of stale mixture, as it were, of his own depravity and
evil-doings, which, to those younger than the events referred
to, it was iiecessary to clear myself of. But you, perhaps,
have been wearied, who, even before I said any thing what-
soever, knew of his serving for hire at that- time." I have
rendered icoXoKpao-lav " a stale mixture," it being compound-
ed of ecoXos, " pertaining to yesterday," hence " old,"
" stale," and Kpacris, " mixture." The reference seems to
have been to the remoteness of the events alluded to, and
the triteness of the charges founded upon them, as they re-
lated to the earliest part of his political couise, and had
been oft repeated by his opponent. This accusative (ecoXo-
Kpaa-'uiv)^ together with /xov, is governed by Karao-Kebda-a^., in
the sense " to cast upon " {=^ charge upon) , which it has
in this place.
.52. duKel pLcrdoiTos^ In some editions this noun is found
with the accent on the antepenult, instead of the ultimate,
where it properly belongs, in order to conform to the state-
ment of Ulpian, that the orator purposely put the accent on
the wrong syllable, witli the design of eliciting a repetition
of the word from his hearers, who, on account of the ex-
Ire me delicacy of their ear to the harmony of lano-uaore,
\Nere accustomed to correct such mistakes in pronunciation
But this story is not adopted by the most judicious critics ,
as the artifice seems too trivial to be ascribed to Demosthe-
nes, and, indeed, could have availed nothing, as it would
have been apparent for what purpose the cry of hireling
was raised by the multitude. This call upon his hearers,
iiowever, to respond to his charge of corruption against iii&
adversary, does manifest great confidence in the agreement
of their views of his character with his own : and the j)t;r-
14
158 NOTES.
ception that he had, by the clear evidence and lively descrip*
lion which he had given of his corruption, made a favora-
ble impression upon their minds, which he wished to render
permanent, by inducing them, in the enthusiasm of the
moment, to express it in words. The whole of this last
paragraph is as fine a specimen of keen and lively raillery
as can be found, perhaps, in any language, and forms a
suitable close to the first general division of the speech.
Having completed the examination of the charges foreign
from the indictment, he commences, in the next paragraph,
an examination of those contained in the indictment.
53. iva Kainep .... Tvyxdvetv] " that ^schines, although
knowing, nevertheless may hear, on account of what I say,
that I am worthy to receive both these rewards decreed by
the Senate (i. e. in the decree of Ctesiphon), and even by
far greater rewards than these."
54. a7TT]veyK( .... ypa(lir]v\ " laid before the archon an in-
dictment for illegal measures." B}^ the archon here alluded
to is meant, probably, the first archon. See ^ 29. The
principal business of the archons was to receive complaints
'ioncernino; crimes, and brine them before the courts for
trial ; and, indeed, in many cases, to conduct, themselves,
the trial on the part of the state. Comp. Herm. Polit. Antiq.
§ 138. Such cases as this were commonly laid before the
Thesmothetce, but occasionally, as it appears, before the
chief archon. — (uj apa\ " that indeed, or to the effect that."
For this usage of ois npa, see § 73. It is different from that
noticed in ^ 22. — Ka\ duaynpevam .... 6 S/^/Ltos] '' and to
proclaim in the theatre at the great Dionvsiac festival, at
the contest of the new actors, that the people crown." In
explanation of this passage, it may be stated that there were
at least three different festivals of Dionysus or Bacchus in
Attica : the (xreatcr, the Lesser, or countiy Dionysia, and
the Lonnea. The first of these was the most splendid and
the best attended, it being open to all the allies of Athens,
and even to f(jrci}i;n(;rs. At this only new pif^ces were
NOTES. 159
represented, in the representation of which, consequently,
the actors appeared in new characters, and were hence
called new actors ; while at the second, onl}' old ones were
represented ; and at the last, both new and old, as might
happen. Comp. Mailer's Greek Lilerature, Vol. 1. p. 296,
note.
55. cLTa Tov vTT^vdvvov (TT€(f)avovv'^ '*'■ in the second place
(not permitting) to crown one undischarged of his accounts
of office." The infinitive in tliis passage depends uj)on ecoi/-
rtoi/ above, and so does the infinitive avayopfvciv below. —
ccrrt be ... . reray/LteVo?] " but Demosthenes is repairer of
the walls, and superintendent of the theoric fund." He
was appointed to superintend the repairing of the walls of
Athens immediately after the battle of Chseronea, or at least
was one of the committee for repairing the walls for that
year, and had not been discharged from this office by pass-
ing his accounts before the Logistse when this prosecution
was first instituted. He also was superintendent or treasurer
of the tlieoric fund, designed to pay the fees of such as
wished to attend the theatre, but had not the means of pay-
hig for their admission. It was a large fund, and therefore
involved no inconsiderable pecuniary responsibility. — Uvkvi]
The dative of irvv^^ " Pnyx," the v being transposed in the
nominative for the sake of euphony. It was the place where
the assembly of the people met, and took its name from
TTv/ci/df, " thick," the people being crowded together there.
— Tiijir]fxa rdXavra nevTTjKovra] " Penalty fifty talents." An
immense sum, if we consider that the Attic talent of silver
amounted to more than a thousand dollars, and the gold
talent to about ten times that sum. The reason of fixing the
penalty so high was to render it impossible for him to pay it, if
convicted ; and thus, according to a standing law, to deprive
him of all his political privileges, or to fix upon him what
was called the drifiia or public disgrace, which had this
efi^ect. Comp. Herm. Polit. Antiq. § 124, 9. — KAf^ropey]
" witnesses" ; i. e. of his having summoned the defendani
160 NOTES.
to appear and answer to the charge. This indictment, it
will be perceived, contains three charges. (1.) That the
statements relative to the character and services of Demos-
thenes were false. (2.) That he was legally disqualified
for receiving the honor proposed to be bestowed upon him,
by the holding of certain offices. (3.) That the proposed
mode of conferring the honor was illegal. These poiiUs
Demosthenes now proceeds to deduce, and then replies to
ihem in the order in which they here stand.
56. 'Eyoj S' . . . . oTToXoyj^o-o/^ai] " But from these very
charfres, 1 think I shall make it evident to you at the outset
that 1 shall defend myself justly in all things." npaiTov,
when it means " in the first place," " the first in a series,"
takes fiev with it ; see § 1 ; but without this particle it means
simply ''first of all," "at the outset"; since the absence
of fiep shows that a succession of particulars is not intended.
See § 141. — rrjv yap avrijv .... tu^lv] i. 0. the same which
iEschines had followed in his indictment, but not the same
which he had followed in his speech. By this inadvertency
of iEschines, Demosthenes gains the advantage of such an
arrangement of topics as he desires, while he conforms to
all that the rules of fair discussion require.
57. ToC pev .... pofxiCoo] " Therefore, of the proposing
(i. e. by Ctesiphon in his decree) that I continually do and
say the best things for the people, and am zealous to do
whatever good 1 can, and to praise me for these things, I
tliink the test lies in my public life." All the first part of
the sentence, it will be perceived, is used as a noun in the
genitive, and is governed by Kplcnv.
58. To di firi . . . . 7r€7ro'KtT€vpevois] " But as to his nol
adding, to crown, ' when he shall have rendered up his
accounts,' and his directing to proclaim the crown in the
theatre, I think that this also has to do with my pub'ic life.
yEschines had represented it as a special piece of impu-
dence in Ctesiphon that he had not even added to his propo-
sition to crown Demosthenes, when he shall hare rendered
NOTES. 161
up his accounts. See yEsch. <S H- — ^v tovtol^'] "among
these," i. e. the people of Athens, who were assembled m
large numbers at the great Dionysiac festival. The Koi
after etVf was added to this member, according to Dissen, in
order tc show that the speaker viewed it as the least proba-
ble of the two suppositions. See Hom. II. II. 349. — deixrc'
ov <;lvai /joi] " I must show." K. §§ 241, 3, and '284, 3,
(12) ; C. § 59, 11.
59. 'eWtjvikus npd^eis Koi "Koyovs] " Grecian doings ar/J
sayings," i. e. those which pertained to Greece at large, and
not simply to Athens. All his measures in opposing Philip
he considers of this nature, i. e. all enumerated to § 102.
— o yap, AC. r. X.] " for he who prosecutes (the statement) of
the decree, that I do and say the best things, and has in-
dicted these things as not true," etc. Strictly speaking, the
whole phrase, t6 Xeyetv .... ^f, is a noun governing -^ijcfii-
a-paTos. — EtVa koi .... eyco] " Then, there being many de-
partments of the constitution or administration, I chose that
which had reference to Grecian doings," i. e. the foreign
department of the government. Amidst the general dis-
sensions and jealousies of the different tribes, he chose to
devote himself to the foreign relations of the state • in order,
if possible, by a high-minded and generous policy towards
the other states, to promote a spirit of union, and thus pre-
vent a universal overthrow of tlie liberties of Greece. And
such a line of policy, he contends, was in perfect keeping
with, and, indeed, absolutely demanded by, the past history
of Athens.
60. *A fiev ovu] Demosthenes commences here, at the
point where he considers himself responsible for the foreign
policy of the city, inasmuch as from this time he gave the
direction to this department of the policy. The point to
which he refei^s is the renewal of hostilities with Philip,
^fter the peace before alluded to, his speeches upon which
subject were among his earliest political efforts. To this
coui-se he aroused the people, and is willing to meet the
14*
162 NOTES.
responsibility of it ; but for previous measures and disasters
which his antagonist had charoed upon him, he holds thai
he is not accountable. He thus passes over, with the re-
marks which have preceded, the first two periods during
which iEschines had examined his career, as being irrele-
vant to the present cause, and commences with the third.
See iEsch. <^^ 54,55. — ravra dva^uTjfTo) .... VTreLiroivl " these
I will recall, and of these I will subjoin an account, having
premised thus much," i. e. what follows as far as § 62.
rofTouros, though generally referring to what precedes, often
refers to what follows. So § 124, too-ovtov alrov e'pcjTr)-
aas ; also, Xen. Anab. I. 3, 14, ixera di rovrov KXeapxos etVe
TOaoVTOV. K. § 303, R. 1.
61. (Pop^u] '' harvest," " rush," '' muhitude." See § 271,
where it means ''^ force of circumstances " ; also Plato,
Gorg. 451, C, where it refers to the motion of the heavenly
bodies. — ovs awaycoviaTas, k. r. X J " whom having taken as
coadjutors and fellow-laborers, he rendered yet more disaf-
fected the Greeks, even before ill-disposed towards each
other and divided into factions, by deceiving some, giving
to others, and corrupting others in every way, and divided
them into many parties, to all of whom there was one in-
terest, to prevent him (Philip) from becoming powerful."
xiipov is found in the neuter here, and not in agreement
with "'E.W-qvas. because it expresses an adverbial idea, or re-
fers to its noun in a very general way. K. § 241, 2. For
an account of this artful policy of Philip, see Dem. Olynth.
II. §§ 6, 7.
62. Trpdrreiv Koi noLelv] Schafer says, " Pleonasmus est
oratorius, ne putes discrimen significationis inter hsec verba
intercedere." But see § 4, n. — 6 ydp .... dfil eyw] " for
I am he who placed himself at this point of the administra-
tion," i. e. in the foreign department of the state. See
§ 59, n. 7ro\LT€Las is a partitive gen. depending upon cV-
ravoa.
63. Tlorepov .... yiyvoixfva ;] " Whether, O ^schines,
NOTES. 163
was it fitting for her, relinquishing her own pioper spirit and
dignity, in the rank of Thessahans and Delopians, to assist
Philip in obtaining the supremacy of the Greeks, and to
annul the honors and rights of our ancestors ? or if not to
do this (for this truly were horrible), yet to allow to take
place what it perceived and foresaw, we must suppose, for
a long time, was about to take place, if no one should pre-
vent ? " The rank formerly held by Athens among the
tribes of Greece, especially during the Persian war, was
that of leader and guide to the rest ; so that she stood as
the acknowledged head of them all, both in civilization and
refinement. Demosthenes contends, therefore, that she
could not, consistently with her past histoiy, have descended
from this lofty position in the contest with Philip, and put
herself on a level with the rudest and meanest tribes, who
had submitted to become his mere tools, by joining with
them in helping him subjugate Greece, as eoiKev has an
ironical meaning here, something like oi/xat, § 46.
64. e/3ou/\er ] This is also found with the augment ^ in
Demosthenes. See § 101 ; also Pop. Orat. II. § 15. —
avuGiTias] This is an adjective agreeing with fxepidos, to be
supplied from the preceding line, and, taken with the words
in connection, may be rendered, " whether of that party
which shared in causing the evils and disgraces which have
befallen the Greeks," etc. Like airtos, its primitive, it gov-
erns the genitive, and takes also the dative of the person or
thing participated with, by virtue of the crvv with which it is
compounded. In the present instance, the dative to be sup-
plied is ^tXtWo). — irKeove^ias] " advantage." The advan-
tage which the states here alluded to hoped to gain from
presentmg no opposition to Philip was, that he would protect
them against Sparta, and perhaps enable them to subdue
this tyrannical state. For these were the hopes which he
held out to them, and they were effectual in securing their
acquiescence in his measures.
65. xfV>oi' w^^ dnrjXkdxaaiv] " have come off* worse than
164 NOTES.
we." — Km yap] "and for," the yap referring to a clause
understood, which kcu is designed to introduce, meaning
" for this reason," or something of that sort. When these
tv/o particles stand together, strictly there is always some-
thing understood, which the first is designed to introduce,
and the other to confirm ; i. e. they are always employed
where the case is a strong one and thew'eason obvious, and
hence may be translated " for indeed," " for surely," hke
the Latin et cnim. See ^ 42. The reason which the oratoi
proceeds to give for considering those who acquiesced in
the measures of Philip, or assisted him in accomplishing
them, " worse off" than those who (like themselves) had
opposed him, is in substance this : " that while such would
have clearly shown themselves unworthy of the Grecian
name, and been justly censurable for not resisting the efforts
of Philip to obtain the sovereignty of Greece, however justly
and mildly he might have .exerted that sovereignty, how
much better was their own case, now that he had exerted
that power in destroying, as far as he was able, the dignity,
supremacy, independence, and even the political institutions
of all alike, both his allies and those who had opposed him."
I have restored o/xcbs And ovk to the text, since they seem to
be obviously required by the sense. For an account of the
treatment of the Thessalians by Philip, who are here espe-
cially alluded to, see Thirlw., Vol. II. pp. 132 and 133.
66. *H rl Tov aifM^ovXov .... 8iad)epei] " Or what was it
necessaiy for the counsellor to advise or propose, the coun-
sellor at Athens, myself.? (for this makes the greatest differ-
ence)." Athens is the emphatic word in this sentence, and
the parenthetical clause refers to it, or rather to the fact of
his being counsellor in such a city, which, he says, was a
nircumstance all-important to be considered in deciding
whether the policy which he advised was suitable or not. —
A city, he goes on to say, which he well knew had, in all
previous time, hazarded every thing tor its own elevation
and renown, and for the common interests of Greece. This
NOTES. 165
was especially true in the great contest with Persia, when
Athens displayed an energy and patriotism far surpassing
those of any other state. He asks then of his adversary,
what other course he could have advised, under such cir-
cumstances and in such a city.
67. Tou 6(f)6u\ij.6u^ K. T. X.] This, and the other nouns in
this connection, are in the accusative, as denoting the part
affected. See K. § 279, 7 ; C. § 57, R. 7. In the course
of his numerous campaigns, Philip had been wounded in
the various ways here described. — nav o ti . . . . Cv^]-
" eveiy, whatever part of his body fortune might wish to
take away, readily and cheerfully yielding this up, so as to
live with the remainder in honor and gloiy." irav properly
agrees with n^pos, but is separated from it by a part of the
relative clause, which has the force of an attributive, in
order to increase the intensity of its meaning. 1 have re-
stored to the text the words padicos /cat eVoi/xcos, as. they seem
perfectly consistent with the connection.
68. rieXXT;] The capital of Macedonia, where Philip was
born and brought up ; before his time a very inconsiderable
and rude place, but afterwards adorned and rendered illus-
trious by him and his son Alexander. — ixeyaXoylrvxiuv]
"magnanimity," "elevated views," "lofty ambition." —
Koi tovt\ k. t. X.] " and to conceive this in his mind, while
to you, being citizens of Athens, and witnessing every day,
in all that is said and seen, the memorials of the valor of
your ancestors, there should be such a want of spirit, as of
vour own choice freely to yield up to Philip the liberties of
Greece." The Athenians were proud of their history, and
were in the habit of dwelling upon it much in their speeches,
as we see Demosthenes is, and of exhibiting their achieve-
ments in the theatre. In these, therefore, as well as other
ways, they were reminded of the valor of their ancestors
by what they heard and saw. The word avTenayyeXTovs^
" self-proposed," adds something to fdeXovTus., and they
are to be taken together as expressing a vol mtaiy wil
166 NOTES.
.ingness origkiating with themselves, without being com-
pelled to it.
69. KoLTTov .... SiK«ia)s'] " It remained, therefore, and ai
the same time was necessary, to resist rightfully all that he
was doing wrongfully to you." — iravra Ta\X\ k. t. A." " pass-
ing by eveiy thing else, Amphipolis," etc. Of the three
lists of places given in this and the succeeding sentences,
the first presented instances of daring aggression by Philip
upon the interests of Athens, before the peace which has
been spoken of; the second, during the negotiations con-
cerning the peace ; and the third, after its ratification.
Hence he says, that, in justification of his course in renew
ing hostilities with Philip, he will say nothing of the first
two lists, but will speak only of the third.
70. ovS' ft yeyovep olda] " I do not even know if they
have happened," i. e. he would know nothing about them in
this connection, would make no account whatever of them.
— KatVoi av, k. r. X.] " And yet you at least said, that I,
speaking of these things (i. e. at the time of their occur-
rence), excited these (the Athenians) to hatred (against
Philip), although the decrees proposed concerning these
events (i. e. censuring the conduct of Philip) were those of
Eubulus and Aristophon and Diopithes, not mine, O ihou
saying recklessly whatever thou pleasest." The charge of
iEschines here referred to may be found §§ 82, 83 of his
speech.
71. 'AXX' 6 TTjv Ev^oiav . . . . Tf)v ^Attik^v] " But when he
proceeds to appropriate to himself Euboea, and prepare a
fortification against Attica." Euboea lay along the eastern
coast of Attica, and of course, if possessed by an enemy,
would afford an advantageous point from which to annoy
the inhabitants. For the advantages of its position see Isoc.
Panegyr. p. 63. The poshion of eKeluos here is somewhat
peculiar, since it usually either precedes or follows both the
noun and the article. Occasionally, however, we find it
inserted between them, after a word which is to be made
NOTES. - 16?
emphatic ; as Dem. Orat. de F. L. p. 407 : ttjs irporepai
eKelvTjs Trpea-^eias. — TToXeis 'EXXT^z/iSas-J For the Construction
see § 18, note. — tovs (pvyddas] " the exiles," i. e. those
who had been banished by the dominant or democratic par-
ty. These acts, therefore, were an interference with Gre-
cian institutions, and especially insulting to Athens, on ac-
count of her highly democratic principles. — (pavrjvai'\ Fol-
lowed by a participle, as here, it means " to appear,"
" come forward " ; but followed by an infinitive, " to seem."
K. '^ 311,8.
72. Tr)v Mvacou Xeiau Kokov^ei'Tjv] " the so-called prey of the
Mysians." To be called the prey of the Mysians was equiv-
alent to being called the prey of the weakest and most
spiritless people ; the Mysians, a people of Asia Minor,
being proverbial for this character. — koX TrpoXeycov^ k. t. X.]
" and continued forewarning and admonishing you not to
give up these things to Philip," i. e. the possessions, rights,
interests, etc., spoken of before.
73. TLs TLvos aiTios eoTi] " who is to blame, and of what."
A double interrogative. For an explanation of the con-
struction, see K. ^ 344, R. 7. — KonpLos] This, and not
Kvnpios, has been shown to be the correct reading by Boeckh.
Seewesen, p. 384. eVl tt)u rod airov 7rapanop7rT]u] " for the
convoying of corn." The corn, as it appears from the
letter of Philip, § 77, was brought from the Hellespont to
the island of Lemnos. These vessels, being designed as
an escort to those which brought the corn, were, of course,
armed, and hence were seized by Philip, under the pretext
that they were designed to aid the Selymbrians against him.
See § 77. — o-wax^coo-i] In the plural because /3oi;A^ is a
noun of multitude.
74. oTL oy, K. T. X.] Xeyeiv is to be understood with this
clause, which is implied in diaXe^ovrai above, and is expressed
below. — 61 Se . . . . \a^a>v] " but if Amyntas has done
this (i. e. taken the vessels), having found the captain doing
any thing contrary to his instructions." — Ka\ tovto ypdyj^ai
168 NOTES.
Xeyetv] " that they (the ambassadors) direct him (Philip) to
write this also." I see no objection to interpreting this
difficult passage thus, which leaves the text unmutilated.
This meaning of ypd(pei.v is not uncommon even in this
Oration ; see especially § 41, where it is used in speaking
of the contents of Philip's letter.
75. elra navres ol aXXoi] " then all Others rather than I."
Dissen. — ^ov'Krjs yvwur]^ k. t. X.] "with the approbation of
tlie Senate, the piytanes and generals, having reported the
proceedings of the assembly, stated for their deliberation
(exprjfjiaTia-av) that it was the will of the people that they
(i. e. the Senate) should choose ambassadors," etc. The
approbation of the Senate here, as Dissen supposes, refers
to their adopting the measure proposed, = edo^e rfj ^ovXfj. —
*ApiaTo(Pa)v .... ttTrei/] " Aristophon of Colyttus, a proe-
drus, proposed it," i. e. the decree to elect the ambassadors
here named. What we have here seems to be rather the
record of the substance of a decree than the decree itself.
By TTpoedpos must be meant one of the pj^oedri non contri-
hules ; as Colyttus, the place to which he is said to have
belonged, did not come within the limits of the tribe Hip-
pothoontis, which is spoken of as the presiding tribe.
76. biLKvvai] The forms in vco are used interchangeably
with those in vpi. See Dem. Pop. Orat. II. § 12. — 'AXX'
ovK .... Trapco-xoO] " But you could not ; for if you had
been able, you would just now (i. e. in his speech) have
produced nothing sooner than this." The design here being
to deny both the protasis and apodosis (K. § 339, i. b),we
must use, in translation, the tenses employed for this pur-
pose in English, which, it will be perceived, differ from the
Greek. See Dem. Pop. Grat. IV. 1.
77. Aao/ifSo)!/] As this name differs from that given him
in the decree, § 73, and as we know that to have been a
Grecian name from ^Esch. adv. Timarch.. p. 15, fm., we
must suppose Philip to have misunderstood it, and written a
somewhat similar word in its stead. — Kad^' 6Xou .... eVe
NOTES. 169
treai] " In short, therefore, you appear to me to be about
to be very silly," = " It appears to me that you will be in
great folly." The peculiarity of the construction arises
from the useof the personal instead of the impersonal form,
which is quite common in Greek. See § 4, n.
78. auev ixeu tov brj^ov] " without the sanction of the peo-
ple." Kal . , . . eaeaOac] " And they suppose that such a
tl-rig will be a revenue to themselves" ; i. e. that it would,
by creating troublous times, open prospects of gain and dis-
tinction to such desperate characters. — iccn tov Unrod, ....
€lpl)vr}v] " and for the future, if you are willing not to allow
your leaders to act with bad faith (i. e. towards himself),
but'will punish them, I also will endeavor to keep the peace."
Instead of roG AoittoD, we find more frequently, except in
the earlier authors, to Xotnov, sometimes to. Xoind. Of these
different forms, the gen. represents the time as a cause, i. e.
an indispensable condition of the action, while the ace. rep-
resents it as the measure, in the sing, as a unit, but in the
plur. as composed of parts. Demosthenes denies that he
was one of those censured in this letter, because he had
nothin"- to do with the measures referred to.
79. "loCToiu ^juavTioifjLr^v] " for these I took my stand
against, and these I opposed." Demosthenes had watched
t^e course of Philip from the beginning, and made it his
principal business to resist his encroachments, after he en-
gaged in public affairs. — 6>ax/^/x] " I proposed." The oc-
casions on which this and the subsequent embassies, etc.
were proposed, arose out of the proceedings of Philip during
the existence of the peace, and may be considered as some
of the preliminary steps towards a rupture. He was found
to be gaining influence, by his machinations with the ene-
mies of Sparta in tlie Peloponnesus, when Demosthenes
(B. C. 343) proposed, and even went upon, the. embassy
here ueferred to, in order to open their eyes to his true
character and designs. The embassy to Euboea was pro
DOsed in the same year, soon after the destruction of Port I.
15
170 NOTES.
mus by Philip, alluded to § "71, when he was seizing upon
(ijTrrero) the island, by taking that important port ; and the
expeditions not long after (B. C. 341), when he had estab-
lished his partisans, Philistides and Clitarchus, as rulers in
the two principal cities, Oreus and Eretria. The expedi-
tion against Clitarchus was under the command of Phocion
(B. C. 341), as also were the naval armaments {aTrooToXovs)
to the Cherronesus, Byzantium, and the other allies here
mentioned. They were highly successful, and won much
honor, both for the captain who conducted them, and the
.minister who despatched them.
80. Tcov €v TTeTrovdoTcov] " those befriended." — rav d' . . . .
tivai] " but to those of the injured (i. e. by Philip), who
then confided in you, safety resulted, while to those stand-
mg aloof there resulted the frequent recollection of what
you predicted, and the thinking that you were not only well
disposed towards them, but shrewd men and prophets " ; i. e.
the arms of Athens were so successful at this time, that she
was able to protect all who joined her as allies, while those
who did not join her became the prey of Philip.
81. v-apx^iv .... avTO)] " might remain to himself against
N'-ou." On account of the favorableness of their position
for annoying them. — koI nep\ .... Travraxov] "and that
nothing concerning the rest might be exposed, nor any one
sxamine eveiy where (as he did) his acts of injustice." De-
mosthenes alludes to these facts, in order to show how fa-
vorable an opportunity he had for receiving bribes in tnose
cases, if he had been as easily bought as .^schines had
represented him as being.
82. Ov Toiiruv .... TTjpepov'j " Therefore no one of these
results was effected, O thou speaking slanderously concern-
ing me, and saving that 1 am silent, having received, but
clamor having spent. No* so you ; but you clamor while
you have, and never will cease, unless these (the judges),
having discrraced you to-dav, shall stop you." The results
referred to as not having been effected were those men*
NOTES. 171
tioned above, viz. the permitting the tyrants Clitarchus and
Philislides to remain in possession of their power, and the
unjust acts of Philip to pass unexposed, on account of any
bribes which they might offer him. Having thus presented
the most convincing evidence of his being proof against
corruption in these cases, the orator turns it to the best ac-
count, after his usual manner, by placing it in. strong con-
trast with the charge of his adversary (§ 218), that he
spoke only from the hope of pay, and, without this quick-
ener of his eloquence, took no part in public a^airs. Not
so, he says, with his adversary, who was always clamoring
for more, though always under pay.
83. Kai hevTepov ... yiyvoyiivov] " and this being to me
already a second proclamation." I do not see how it is
pc<="sible (unless perhaps yevojjLevov may have been the origi-
nal reading) to avoid referring this to the proclamation of
the crown proposed by Ctesiphon. I would suggest, there-
fore, in order to obviate the difficulty arising from his ex-
pressly referring to two crownings before this, §§ 222 and
223, that perhaps that of Demomeles and Hypcrides was
not proclaimed, or, if it was, not in the theatre. It may be
considered as something in favor of this suggestion, that
the orator makes special mention here of the proclamation
of the crown of Aristonicus, and in § 120, although speak-
ing of the subject of proclamations, and of the great num-
•ber of them which had been made, is careful to say of him-
self, merely, that he has been often crowned.
84. 'Uyefiovos] The name of his father is added, perhaps,
to distinguish him from the Charondas referred to in <S 54.
— Tov dyavodeTtjv] " the superintendent of the games.'
85. a . . . . ecfiT}] See § 231 of the speech of jEschines.
— Kal fxrjv . . . . Ti^Kcplas] " And surely, when deeds are
recent and familiar to all, as, in case they seem good, they
receive favor, so, if very otherwise, punishment." This
clause is designed to show, that the time at which the
auprobation of his conduct here referred to was expressed
V
172 NOTES.
was the most favorable time for obtaining a true expression
of feeling. For as irepas, see K. § 343, R. 2.
86. TO) viKuv, K. T. X.] " by prevailing in counselling and
proposing decrees, when you were deliberating ; by the meas-
ures proposed being carried into effect, and crowns follow-
incr from them to the citv, to me. and to you all ; by vour
making sacrifices and processions to the gods as if these
things were good." This is a summing up of the various
indications which had been given, that his measures, up to
the time h^re referred to, had been considered most useful
to the citv, as Ctesiphon had asserted tliem to be.
87. Toh [xeu 6tt\ols . . . . V7T f'/xoO] '' as far as arms were
(-^.oncerned, by you, but as far as policy and decrees were
■joncerned (even though some of these burst with envy), by
me." For this sense of TroXireiu, see ^ 93. — ^repov] '" alius
generis." Schaf. ; K. § 246, 8, (b).— 'Opii^ 5' . . . . i-rrei-
(TCLKTw] The soil of Attica was not very productive, and
hence large quantities of grain were annually imported,
principally from Pontus or the region near the Black Sea.
See Boeckh, Pub. Econ. of Ath., Bk. II., chap. 15.—
Tvape^Oiov eVi Qp4<ris'\ " passing along by Thrace," i. e. to
Bvzantium, occupying the site now occupied by Constanti-
nople. It was at this time, as appears, in alliance with
Philip, though, as they are here represented as saying to
him, for no such purpose as joining with him in a war against
Athens. Indeed, it had formerly, during the palmy days
of Athens, been in alliance with that city, and most proba-
bly even now was secretly looking to it, as the avowed ene-
my and opposer of Philip, for protection against his en-
croachments. — TO pev TvpoiTov'] " in the first place." Often
used so with the article, §§ 151, 236. — x^P'^'^^^^'^ . . . .
fVoXidp/cet] " having pitched his camp before the city, and
placed his engines near, he commenced the siege." eVio-TJ7-
(Tas has this meaning, Orat. adv. Philip, iii., p. 115, referred
10 by Dissen. These were rather the preliminary stops to
a siege than an actual siege. The events here referred to
.V-Ji-J in B. C ']il and 310.
NOTES. 173
88. ovKer epcorrjaca] " I will 110 longer nsk," " T will not
ask again," having already asked the question in a similar
case. — anXws] '' simply," " absolutely."
89. 6 yap .... TTpo/jpTjvTiu] " for the war which then arose
(i. e. in defence of Byzantium, etc.), besides having gained
for you honorable renown, caused you to live (Si^yev) with
all things necessary for life more abundant and cheaper
than the present peace, which these good citizens preserve,
against the interests of their country, on account of future
hopes ; which may they fail of, and may they neither par-
ticipate in those things which you, who ask the best things
of the gods, have preferred, nor impart to you those which
they have preferred." The peace here referred to was nol
that with Philip, which has been so often spoken of, but that
made with Alexander, after the battle of Chseronea, which
differed, indeed, but little from sei^vitude. The two parties
alluded to were the Macedonian party, to which ^Eschines
belonged, and the Athenian party, at the head of which
Demosthenes was. The former party were hoping for the
complete triumph of the Macedonian arms and principles,
and their own elevation in consequence ; the latter, for the
complete emancipation of their country from Macedonian
influence, and the reestablishment of the democracy in all
its purity. The wish that Demosthenes here expresses con-
cerning the former paily is, that they may utterly fail of
their hopes, and thus be excluded both from enjoying the
benefit of the institutions which his party were contending
t^oi, and from imposing the evils of theirs upon them. For
thij plainly would have been a consequence of the failure
of their hopes ; since, if the Macedonian influence had not
prevailed, it would have left them at the mercy of the party
opposed to them, who would have destroyed or driven them
from the city.
90. 'EttI UpopvdijLovos BoaTTopixio] " Under the Hieromne-
mon Bosporichus." At Byzantium the year seems to have
taken its name from the Hieromnemon, as it did at Athens
15*
174 NOTES
from the chief archon. This was the appellation of one
class of the Amphictyonic deputies. It came into use at.
Byzantium, probahly, from her connection with this coun-
cil. The Byzantians were of Doric origin, and hence this
decree is in the Doric dialect. Two of the prominent pe-
culiarities of this dialect appear in the words here quoted,
viz. the use of a for 77, and a> for ou, in certain cases. — ck
ras . . . . prjrpav] " obtaining permission to speak from the
Senate." The provision in this respect, also, seems to have
been the same as at Athens ; where, as we have seen, it
was necessary for every measure to be approved by the
Senate before it came before the people. Indeed, it is
probable that these forms were borrowed from Athens ; as
her constitution and laws were very renowned among the
ancients, and would naturally be extensively adopted, es-
pecially by those who were at any time her allies. — koI
Toif .... llepLvdiois] " and their allies and kinsmen, the Pe-
rinthians." Perint.hus, afterwards called Heraclea, was a
Prourishing city, situated to the west of Byzantium, at no
great distance, and connected with it by common interests,
and, as it would seem from this passage, by a common
ori<iin.
91. 'AdrjuaioLs .... XeLTovpyiau] " to give to the Athenians
the right of intermarriage, the right of citizenship, the right
uf possessing among us land and houses, an honorable seat
at the games, admission to the Senate and Assembly first
after the sacred rites, and to those wishing to dwell in
the city, to be free from all public burdens." irpaTois is the
Doric form for Trpoirots. The last word, XeiToupyiai/, is the
genitive plural Doric, and is governed by aX€i.Tovpyi]T'^s.
The sacred rites alluded to were those by which the session
was opened, in the same manner as at Athens ; and the
[)rivilege of being admitted at that time consisted in the
fact, that, being thus admitted, their business would be
attended to first. — arecfxwuvijfvov ruv Sa/ioi'] "the people
crowned." This is what the statues represented, aiui lience
NOTES. 175
ftS/xoy may be considered as in apposition with eiKovm. in the
preceding line. They were to be of gigantic proportions,
and placed in a conspicuous place upon the banks of the
Bosphorus, where all nations might see them as they passed
that great commercial thoroughfare. — &)?] This is the
Doric for ous^ and stands by attraction in the accusative, in-
stead of the dative.
92. ajfo .... 'Adrjvaicov] " of sixty talents' value, and con-
secrate an altar of gratitude, and of the people of Athens,"
i e. commemorative of their own gratitude and of the be-
nevolent character of the Athenians. — Kal eV, k. t. X.]
" And in all coming time they (the people of Cherronesus)
will not fail to be thankful, and to do them (the Athenians)
whatever good they can."
93. 17 npoaipeais .... TroXtreia] " my course and policy,"
" my course of policy." An instance of hendiadys, = f)
npoaipeais pov rrjs TroAireiay, as in <^ 192, or perhaps a mere
oratorical pleonasm. See §§ 192,292,317. — KaXoKdyaBlau]
The KaXoKayciBos dvrjp was the perfect mian of the Greeks.
Consequently, KokoKdyaBla must mean " the character or
conduct suited to such a man," i. e. " honorableness,"
" nobleness."
94. 'Y/xels- 6*, . . . . ecfiaivecrde] "But you, who might witli
reason have brought both many and just charges against
them, on account of their ungrateful conduct towards you
m former times, were seen not only not resenting injuries,
*nor deserting them when wronged, but even protecting
them." av gives a conditional meaning to the preceding
participle. K. § 260, 2, (5), (b). The ingratitude of the
Byzantians here referred to was manifested in the Social
War. — crvpl3uv\ou .... prjTopa] " a counsellor and orator I
mean." This was said to make an exception in favor of
generals and military men, some of whom had procured
this honor for the city.
95. "iva .... Trparret:'] "Therefore, in order that 1 m;iv
tfhow also the reproaches which he (^Eschines) uttere<i
176 NOTES.
against tlie Euboeans and Byzantians, calling up whatever
of injury they may have done you, to be mere slanders,
not only by their being false (for this I think you already
know), but also by this, that, were they ever so true, it has
been profitable to manage matters as I have managed them,
I wish to relate one or two of the things honorable to the
city done in your times, and these in few words : for it is
always proper for a man privately, and a state publicly, to
endeavor to perform what remains to be done, according to
the most honorable of the deeds which have gone before."
^schines had made great complaints in his speech (§ 85
seq.) of the policy of Demosthenes in defending and enter-
ing into alliance with the Eubogans, on account of the in-
juries which they had formerly done to Athens, and the
character which they sustained, all of which he had greatly
exaggerated and misrepresented. Now it is these re-
proaches which he was thus led to utter against them thai
Demosthenes savs he wishes to shov/ to be mere slanders,
or objections deserving to have no weight, not simply be-
cause they were false, but also because much good had re-
suUed from the alliance.
96. Koi TO. ... . cppovpah] " and occupying the places in
the circle of (around) Attica, by Harmosts and garrisons."
The time here alluded to was subsequent to the Peloponne-
sian war, when Sparta had wrested from Athens nearly all
her foreign possessions and allies, and established in all the
places thus won those odious military governments called
decadarchies (see § 18, n.). Harmosts were the military
governors sent out by Sparta, who exercised an arbitraiy
power over tliose committed to their care. See Smith's
Diet. Antiq., Art. HarmostcE. — e^TjXdere ds ' AXUipTou] "ycu
made an expedition lO Haliartus," i. e. during the Corinthi-
an war (B. C. 395) .o assist the Thebans in relieving that
place from a siege by the Lacedaemonians. — toju roVe . . . .
fjLvr]aLKaKr)(Tai] " although the Athenians of that day might
have indulged in resentment for many things against." For
NOTES. 177
fhe influence of av here, see § 16, n., and for the force of
the gen. absolute, see K. § 312, 4, (d) ; C. § 71, Jii. —
rrepl .... TroXe/xoi/] " relative to the Decelean war," i. e. the
hitter part of the Peloponnesian war, so called from Decelea,
a place in the northern part of Attica, which the Lacedae-
monians got possession of and fortified, greatly to the an-
noyance of Athens. This part of the war is alluded to,
because it was at this time that the states here spoken of,
and most of their allies, forsook the Athenians and joined
themselves to Sparta. Of course, then, they had reason to
complain of them principally with reference to this part of
the war. Comp. Herm. Polit. Antiq. § 166, 6, 7.
97. oLKLaKco] " chamber," " cage." — del ... . yewaiois]
*' but it becomes brave men, while they always embark in
every honorable undertaking, placing before them as a shield
the hope of success, to bear manfully whatever the Deity
may allot them." This is one of those elegant and lofty
sentiments in which Dem.osthenes abounds above all the
other Attic orators, and for which he is thought to have
been somewhat indebted to the instruction of Plato ; though
the Stoics, from the nature of these sentiments, particularly
from his so often distinguishing what is politic or expedient
from what is right, and recommending virtue for its own
sake, claimed him as belonging to their sect. Cicero, how-
ever, says (Brut. 31, 121), what undoubtedly is true : —
" Lectitavisse Platonem studiose, audivisse etiam Demosthe-
nes dicitur ; idque apparet ex genera et granditate verbo
rum."
98. ujLtwv 01 7rpeo-/3uT6poi] " the older portion of you," 1. e
»if the Athenians then living and present, as distinguished
from Trpoyovoi, a few words before this. — ot, AaKedaiixovlovs]
The first of these words is nominative to dLeKco^vaare, and
the other is governed by du^Xelu. The arrangement of the
words is highly emphatic and oratorical. — oiS' vnep . . . .
ha\-yim'tpevoi] " nor considering tor men having done what,
you would expose yourselves to danger," i. e. for what son
178 NOTES.
of men, how injurious men. The future is employea oe
cause the speaker transports himself to the time referred
to. See § ''^S, n.
99. oTL, Kav . . . . vTToKoy^laBe'] " that, even 'f any one of
them (i. e. the Greeks) may have injured you in any thing
whatever, you retain indignation for these in other things,
but if any danger overtakes them relative to their safety and
freedom, you will neither hold the grudge nor make any
account of it." tovtcov is the objective gen. after opyrjv^ and
refers to the collective pronoun otlovu. Observe the differ-
ence between vnoXoyiCecrOaL, " to take into the account," " to
make account of," and hakoyl^eaOai, " to balance, as in
settling an account." — o^rco? iaxhi^are'] lit. " have you held
yourselves thus," i. e. conducted thus. It was, for a reason
already stated, of great importance to the Athenians to re-
tain the EubcRans in their interest, and hence it was that
they undertook the expedition here referred to, in order to
counteract the influence of Thebes among them. Neither
this nor the preceding instances given by Demosthenes, of
assistance rendered to those who had injured them, were
dictated, as is probable, by so pure a regard for their inde-
pendence as is represented here, but by views- of policy ;
as, for instance, for the purpose of maintaining the balance
of power between Sparta and Thebes, or checking the prog-
ress of a rival. However, they served his purpose very
well, in justifying the point in his policy for which they
were adduced. The injuries alluded to as being received by
tlie Atheniaifs from Themison and Theodorus consisted in
their establishing themselves in Oropus to the exclusion of
the Athenians (B. C. SGG). — roiv IO^Xovtwu .... Tro'Xet]
"there being then for the first time voluntary trierarchs to
the city." Allusion is here made to the system adopted at
Athens, after B. C. 357, for equipping galleys for the public
service. According to this system, the twelve hundred
richest citizens were divided into twenty s?/?r.?//or?>, as tliey
were called, and ihcse again were subdivid(,'d into sijulelia
NOTES. 1'^
f comprising at the most but sixteen individuals), each of
which was bound to equip a galley and keep it in repair
for a year. Comp. Herm. Polit. Antiq. § 161. On the
present occasion, however, it was ascertained that so many
of these syntelice had already discharged their duty accord-
ing to the requirements of the law, that there were not a
sufficient number left, who were liable to be called upon, to
meet the emergency. Such, however, w^as the public en-
thusiasm, that enough came forward at once of iheir own
accord, and undertook the service, of whom Demosthenes
says he was one. See Dem. in Mid. § 161. A trierarch,
therefore, though originally the captain of a galley, was
not generally at this period, but a man who equipped one.
100. KaiVot .... vTroXoyiaafxevoi] " But although you did
a noble deed, even the saving of the island, nevertheless
you did by far a more noble one than this, in that, being
masters both of their persons and cities, you justly restored
these to them, though they had injured you, having made
no account of the injuries which you had received, in what
you had been confided in." Obsei*ve the use of /xeV and Se
in marking the correspondence of the clauses. K. § 322, 3.
101. ToaovTois Ka\ tolovtois] "in so great and such mat-
ters." — vnep .... TTOietv ;] "what was I about to (what
could 1) urge and advise it to do, the question {^ovX^s) being
in a manner concerning itself.^ " i. e. the city having so
immediate and deep an interest in the matter. See § 71,n.
— MvTjo-iKaKflv vf) Ala] " Harbor ill-will, I dare say." A
common use of vf] Ala in answering for, or anticipating in
an ironical way the objection of, another. See § 117 ;
also, F. L., p. 390, § 174. — 'ETrel t6, k. t. X.] " Since you
would not have performed the act (i. e. of leaving the Eu-
boeans to become the prey of the Thebans), I well know;
for if you wished to, what was in the way ? Was it not in
vour power to do it .' Were not these (i. e. ^Eschines ana
his associates) present, ready to advocate this course ? "
(pcjvi'T€^ is in the future, and consequently conveys the Idea
of hciii<j; nlKiiit or r'jaciv to speak.
180 NOTES.
102. Koi Tovs ixev .... Kaipcov] " and the rich dischargee
at a trifling expense, but those of the citizens who had ac
quired but moderate or small possessions expending all they
had (to. ovto), and besides, the city by these means missing
opportunities." Allusion is here made to a very natural
abuse which grew out of the system for equipping galleys
described above. As the difl^erent classes, or symmoricE. of
those upon whom it devolved by law to bear this burden
were allowed to unite in companies, or synlelicB, for the
purpose of equipping a galley, those who had cap-ital, oi
the richer members, would undertake to equip the vessel
for a certain sum. And as the other members had not
capital sufficient to undertake it, they would not of course
underbid them, and hence they obtained the job pretty much
at their own price. Then, by hiring it done in an indifferent
way, and for a small sum, and exacting of the other mem-
bers their full quota of the price for which they contracted
with them, they often contrived to save the whole of then
own quota, which, besides, was no greater than that of the
poorer members. This system, therefore, was unjust m
two ways ; ( 1 ) in imposing the same burden upon the
poorer members of the companies as upon the richer ; and,
(2) in furnishing the richer members an opportunity of sav-
ino- the comparatively small expense which fell upon them
according to law. It resulted, further, from this system,
that the vessels were poorly equipped, as all such job-work
must be done poorly. Now the change which Demosthe-
nes introduced by the law here spoken of, and wliich he
goes on further to describe, was, to require one galley to be
maintained bv eveiy ten talents of taxable capital ; so that
only individuals possessing less than this were allowed to
club tooether for this purpose, till their property amounted
to it, wliile those who were worth more than tliis sum fur-
nished more than one galley. No single individual, how-
ever, could be con^elled to equip more than three galleys
and one transport. He might, therefore, justly pride liim-
NOTES. 181
self on the superiority of his system to that wh'ch he found
in operation. For a fuller account of this whole matter,
the reader may consult the section in Hermann, referred to
in § 99.
103. Kai ypa(f)€\s .... eXa/Sei/] " And being indicted, I
entered upon this trial before you, and escaped conviction
(was acquitted), and the prosecutor did not receive the re-
quired proportion of the votes." The preposition in eiViyX-
6uv governs the ace. here, as when it stands alone. (J.
<^ 82, 5. See, also, below, ^ 105. He was prosecuted in
this case for proposing a law contrary to an existing law
which had not been annulled ; but, as it seems, was ac-
quitted by the judges so triumphantly, that the accuser did
not receive even a fifth part of the votes, which it was
necessary he should in order to save him from incurring a
fine and the inability to institute such a prosecution in future.
For the force of the article with ^epos^ see K. § 244, 3 ;
C. *§! 49, 3, — Tj-yepovas Tcbv crvfifMopicov^ " the leader of the
symmoriae," i. e. the three hundred wealthiest members
(see § 171), who, according to w^liat has already been said,
were most affected by the change in question. — 8i8uuai]
" to offer."" It frequently has this meaning in the pres. and
imperf. See below, § 104, fin. ; also Orat. F. L., p. 293,
§ 183 : Q>u Tjpiv ididov ^euicov, " which he w^as offering us as
presents." For the reference of the iiifin. pres. to past
time, and for the contrast in the mode of representation
between it and the infin. aor. (^eli^ai), see K. § 257, 1, c.
— (oare .... t'/rco/xocrta] " in order first of all (pdXio-Ta p€v)
that i should not propose this law, but if not tliis, that, hav-
ing dropped it, I should leave it under protest " ; i. e. as
the connection indicates, the protest made by the prosecutor
against it, which had the effect of delaying the passage of
a law until the cause was decided, and, if the proposer
chose to drop it at that point, prevented its passage alto-
gether. The wealthy citizens, therefore, as Deinosihenes
says, would have given him almost any sum, i»"> the tirsl
16
182 NOTES
place, not to have proposed the law, or, even after he had
done this, to drop the matter when protested against by the
prosecutor, vncoixoa-la generally means " a petition for de-
laying a trial, for certain reasons given under oath/' But
as the ypa(j)rj Trapavofxoiu had the effect of delaying the pas-
sage of the law against which it was brought, and as it was
often resorted to for this purpose, the party who had re-
course to it was required to take the same oath. Comp.
Herm. Polit. Antiq. § 182, 3.
104. <Tvv€KKaideKa Xftrovpyeti/] " to perform the service bv
sixteens, or sixteen together." — avrols fiev] " themselves
indeed." In the dative by attraction. — t6 yiyvofxevov ....
avvreXrjs] " for each one to contribute his proportion ac-
cording to his property, and he proved to be the trierarch
of two galleys, who was formerly the sixteenth contributor
to one."
105. Ka$^ 6 . . . . Tqu ypa(f)rjv'\ " according to which I en-
tered upon the charge " ; so also § 103 ; C. § 82, 5. —
Tovs KaraXoyovs] " the lists," i. e. the parts of the respective
laws which contained the principle of the assessment {tax-
rolls). Dissen. — v6p.ov rpirjpapxi-Kop] I have rejected ds t6
between these words, after Boeckh, Pub. Econ. Ath., Bk.
IV., chap. 14, n. 387. One MS. is in favor of this, the
whole connection, and the expression, § 312, t6v rpirjpapxiKov
VOpLOV.
106. Tov KiiKov^ Ironical. — Hovs rptrjpdpxovs, K. T. X J
" That sixteen trierarchs be made for each galley, out of
the companies in the divisions." Wolf suggests that Ad;^ot
here may mean the same as avppopiai. If so, the division
into classes and companies, for the purposes of the trierar-
chy, was founded upon a similar division of the citizens
tliat existed previously to this, for the purpose of other ex-
traordinary contributions, which is probably the fact. Comp.
Herm. Polit. Antiq. § 1(52. — eVt to-oi/, k. t. X.] " sharing the
exj)ons(; equally." ;^^o/jr;yui s(;cms to lose its technical sense
h«ue, i.{iH\ take the more general sense implied in it. — Tous
NOTES. * 183
rpirjpdpxovs .... Se'icn] " That trierarchs be chosen to each
galley from property according to valuation, from ten talents
as a basis." Obsen^e the distributive use of the article with
rpirjprj. K. § 244, 5 ; C. § 49, 3. — xP^/^"''"''] <^^en. of
price. — TTju avT7)u, K. T. X.] '• and let it also be according to
the same proportion to those to whom there is less property
than the ten talents, they uniting into a company until their
property amounts to ten talents."
107. Tj pLKpa .... ttXovo-ioi ;] " or do the rich appear to
you that they would have spent a small amount of money
for the sake of not (being compelled) to do what is just.? "
We see the Greek idiom here, in using the personal where
we should use an impersonal verb, i. e. doKovaiv^ to be sup-
plied from the previous line. See § 4, n. tov refers to the
clause which follows it, and is governed by dmXoJo-at, as a
gen. of price. — Ov toIwv .... aepvvvopai] " Therefore, I
glory not only in not desisting from these measures through
collusion with them," i. e. the rich. KaOvcpelvai = prcevari
cari. See the word in Orat. pro Megalop. p. 206. — lidvra
yap .... dvdyeaBai] " For during the whole war, the naval
expeditions being fitted out under my law, no trierarch ever
lodged a petition with you as if having been wronged, nor
seated himself in Munychia, nor was thrown into chains by
the naval board, nor was any galley, either having been
seized out of the harbor, lost to the city, nor left there, not
being fit for sea." But all these things, he goes on to say,
did happen under the old law. The petitions here alluded
to as lodged with the people on account of injuries, were
placed upon the altar in the Pnyx by the poorer members
of the synteJicB, praying for relief from the oppressive bur-
dens which fell upon them according to the former law. It
was the same class, too, who, for the same reason, were in
the habit of seating themselves at the altar of Artemis Mu-
nychia, as suppliants. Probably this ahar, situated in one
of the most important ports of Athens, was the sanctuary
to which those who were not able to discharge the duty
1134 * NOTES.
required of them by the old law fled for protection agahist
the apostoleis. These officers, ten in number, constituted a ,
kind of naval board for the enforcement of the regulations
concerning the equipping of vessels, and for their inspec-
tion after they were built.
108. To S' . . . . Xetroupyeii/] " But the cause was, the
burden fell upon the poor." — ^daKavov .... dvd^Lov'\ *' while
there is no public measure of mine dictated by envy, hos-
tility, and malice, neither grovelling nor unworthy of the
city," i. e. he had been governed in his policy by enlarged
high-minded, and statesman-like views, and had not been
influenced by private piques and jealousies, or by low and
grovelling feelings, as ^Eschines had.
110. TO yap .... vofxiCo)] '' for this, tJiat I doth did the
best things^ mid am always well disposed and zealous to
proTiiote your interests^ I think has been sufficiently shown
by me by what has already been said." jjloI here is em-
ployed as a dative of the agent with the perfect passive, ay
it often is in Greek, instead of the genitive with vtto. K.
§ 284, 3, (11) ; C. § 59, 11. —ra fMeyiard ye] The final
struggle with Philip, ending in the battle of Chseronea, to
which he incited his countrymen. — vTroXafilSdvoov, k. t. X.]
" supposing it necessary for me, in the first place, to pro-
duce in order the arguments relative to the illegality itself
(i. e. of the decree of Ctesiphon), then, even though I say
nothing concerning the remainder of my political acts, sup-
posing that nevertheless there exists a consciousness of them
with each one of you for me." Icpf^rjs means " in their
proper place," i. e. without digressing too far in following
out his public measures, v/iwi/ takes the construction with
napd, instead of the partitive construction after cfcao-ro), on
account of the influence of virdpx^iv (" there is from you
each one a consciousness with me," instead of, " there is a
consciousness to each one of you"), /xot is governed by
xrvveihos.
HI. Twi/ /xeV oZv . . . . StaXe'^o/xat] " Of the words, then,
NOTES. 185
vhich this man, jumbling together confusedly, spoke con-
cerning the laws written opposite (i. e. the laws represented
IS violated by the decree of Ctesiphon, and hence presented
before the court written out opposite to it by the accuser), I
think, by the gods, that neither you see the bearing of the
greater part, nor was I myself able to comprehend them ;
but I will reason simply and in a straightfonvard way con-
cerning the justice of the cause." That is, he wishes to
show that his case is justly distinguished from ordinary
cases of responsibility in public officers, and hence that the
laws referred to by ^Eschines are inapplicable. — wv . . . .
TTfTroAiVei'/iai] " for what I have passed through my hands
(i. e. the money which he had had the management of),
and for my public measures."
112. ^Qv fjLevToi .... Tvxn] " But, indeed, for what prom-
ising {o?" of my own accord) I have given to the people of
my private property, I say — (do you hear it, ^Eschines ?)
— that 1 am not accountable for a single day, and that no
other one is, not even if he be one of the nine archons."
This is what ^Eschines (^ 17) calls his a(f)vKTos Xoyos. It
was the law at Athens, that every one who held a public
office must, at the expiration of the period of his office,
pass his accounts before certain officers called Logistse, and
obtain their approval of them before he could be regularly
discharged. Until this was done, he was considered a state
debtor, and could dispose neither of himself nor of his
property, the latter being pledged to the state ; neither couhl
he be a candidate for any public office or distinction. Comp.
Herm. Polit. Antiq. § 154, 14. This duty of public officers
^schines had shown veiy fully in his speech (p. 56), and
also that Demosthenes had not been thus discharged from
the offices which he held. But it so happened that Demos
^henes, in both of his offices, had contributed largely to the
service of the state, and on this ground he contends, as the
money which he had expended for the state came from his
own pocket, that he was not accountable for it to any one
16*
186 NOTES.
and therefore was a proper candidate for the distinctioT'
proposed, without going through the formality of having
his accounts examined. — els rovs ovKocpdvras .... €(picrTavai.]
" to bring before sycophants, and empower these to institute
a scrutiny into those things which he gave ; " i. e. to put it
in the power of sycophants to demand that he should give
up an account of what he had thus presented to the state.
113. aXX' ovTos .... ovra] " but this calumniator, because
being at that time over the theoric fund I contributed money,
says, the Senate praised him, being undischarged of his ac-
counts.'''' The Senate are said to have praised him, because
they had already passed the preliminaiy decree to crown
him. — TavqKu>}x4va\ Three talents, according to the decree
V 119- — 'O jiev .... Trpoo-Seirai] " For an account requires
examination, and those who will examine it." — obX] " this
one, this friend of mine here," i. e. Ctesiphon.
114. (TTpaTTjywv] "while holding the office of general."
Obsei*ve the force of the participle. — ovroai] " this here."
He was present, most probably. — Sta ttjv apx^v] " on ac-
count of his magistracy, or office."
115. Tov €771 Twv oTrXoji/] " thc gcucral of the heavy-armed
soldiery, or infantry." ottXcoi/ here is used for oTrXtroiv, as is
seen from the fact that the soldiers under this general are
designated by the latter term, a few words after. It is often
used in this way, too, by Xenophon (Anab. ii. 2, 4, et pas-
sim), and other Greek authors. This usage is precisely the
same as that of artillery in our language. — avra] ''them-
selves." In distinction from their contents, already given.
116. TrpvTaveav .... yvcofij;] "the piytanes bringing it be-
fore the people with the approbation of the Senate." Cal-
lias was the author of the decree, but it was brought before
the Senate by the prytanes. The name of the author is
often found first, as here, in inscriptions of decrees. Dis-
sen. — SaXa/ilm] According to Vomel (as quoted in the
Class. Mus., No. VIII.), "the Attic Salamis, whither he was
ordered, in conjunction with Diotimus, after the battle on
NOTES. ig^
the Cepliissus against Philip." See § 216. — Oeafxodhas]
*' Thesmothetse." A nanie given to the six inferior ar-
chons ; so called from deo-fioi and rlBrjixi, having originally,
perhaps, been intrusted with making laws.
117. ravTci .... drjuov] " for assuredly there are the same
rights to me with others, concerning the same thino-s."
TavTa, it will be perceived, is for to. avra, " the same," and
governs aXXois. In what follows in this paragraph, the orator
goes on to describe the entire likeness of his case to that of
the others alluded to. See a case similarly put below,
§ 198. — ^Hpxov] "I held a magistracy, or office." — Nj)
Ai\ K. T. X.] '' Yes, by Jupiter, but I exercised my office
unjustly (perhaps you will say) ; then, being present, when
the Logistse summoned me before them, did you not accuse
me ? " Before this trial came on, Demosthenes had been
discharged from his offices ; and, as he says, had given an
account of these, though not of what he had made a presen*
of. He therefore asks his opponent, if he had done any
thing wrong in his magistracy, which would make his case
different from those just cited, why he did not at the time
of the examination of his accounts charge him with the
wrong. This question is asked, because, at the time of a
magistrate's passing his accounts before the Logistse, any
one who considered either himself, or the state, as having
been defrauded by him, was expected to appear and make-
the charge, and he was bound to answer to it.
118. "lua Toiwv, K. T. X.] " Therefore, in order that you
may know that this man himself (i. e. .(Eschines) bears
witness to me, that I have been crowned for those things for
which I was not responsible, taking, read the whole decree
«vhich was proposed for me (i. e. that of Ctesiphon). For
from w^hat things of this preliminary decree he did not in-
dict, from these he will be seen to act the part of a slander-
er in those which he prosecutes." The point of the argu-
ment here is this, that iEschines, by not objecting to the
preamble of the decree of Ctesiphon, in effect allowed that
188 NOTES
ne was crowned for what he had given, and was not, there-
fore, responsible for, since the crowning was there expressly
recommended upon this ground ; and, furthermore, that the
points of the decree which he had attacked, compared with
those wliich he had not, showed him to be governed by the
feelings of a slanderer.
119. iiredcoKe .... dvaias] "presented to the theoric funds
from among all the tribes (i. e. of the different tribes) a
hundred minas for sacrifices." The theoric funds were by
degrees diverted from their proper use, and distributed
among the people or tribes for defraying the expense of
various other entertainments besides those of a theatrical
nature. See Boeckh, Pub. Econ. of Ath., Bk. II., chap. 13.
Demosthenes contributed to the funds thus distributed the
sum here named. This seems to be the interpretation, if
the MS. reading be retained. But perhaps the reading Beco-
pols for decopiKols, suggested by Schafer, and approved by
Dissen and others, should be adopted. In that case, the
present was made to the sacred deputies for sacrifices at
some relio-ious festival. This readins: makes the construe-
tion of €K iraaoiv tcov (pv\a>v (" from all the tribes," i. e. the
whole body of deputies) easier. — dvA tovtci>v'\ "-in return
for these things." — fo Xa/3eli/, k. r. A.] " Acknowledging,
therefore, the receiving of what has been given to be law-
ful, you accuse of illegality the returning a recompense for
them. But a man wholly depraved and detested by the
gods, and thoroughly slanderous, by the gods, what sort of
a man would he be ? Would he not be such an one as
this ? " The abrupt close here, breaking off suddenly, as
if tired of pursuing so disgusting a subject, is very happy.
120. coa-T ov bvvaaat] ov is used here instead of ju;;, because
the design is to render dvvaaai negative, rather than the
wholt. sentence. See K. § 318, 2, (h), 3, (f ), and R. 1. —
fijXoi/] This word has both an active and a passive sense
In the active sense it means " zeal," " emulation," " de-
sire," etc., and of course in a passive sense " an object of
NOTES. 189
zeal," "emulation," "desire," etc., i. e. any thing which
is esteemed desirable or valuable, and hence may be best
rendered here " desirableness or value." — roi'v airobi^ovras
TT)v x^P'-^] "those returning the favor." — tcov drjucov] "of
the demi or boroughs." — ras dvayopevo-eis .... bfjfjLois^j "that
they make the proclamations of the crowns among them-
selves, each in their own demus." Troula-OcH is in the mid.
to express what they were to do among themselves.
121. '^r](pi(Tr]TaL] "may vote," i. e. to proclaim, dvayo-
pev€o-daL being understood. iEschines (§§ 35-48), by a
rather forced process of reasoning, as it seems to me, makes
this exception apply wholly to crowns conferred by foreign
states. — Tt ovv . . . . eiVaytoi/] " Why then, O wretch, do
you bring this false accusation ? Why do you invent state-
ments ? Why do you not purge yourself with hellebore on
account of these things ? But you are not even ashamed
instituting a trial for emy." The orator, having thus com-
pleted the refutation of the charges contained in the indict-
ment, breaks out upon his adversaiy in this contemptuous
language. He represents his charges as so groundless, and
his whole course in the trial so infatuated, as to indicate
that he was insane ; and hence advises him to take helle-
bore, which was the common remedy for insanity in those
times, and thus confess his madness. — rot? ye . . . . yj/rjijue'i-
aBaij " at least, to those who have sworoi that they will vote
according to the law," i. e. the judges. ■<^r^(^u1a6aL is a first
future middle, made after the Attic form, by dropping o-,
and then inflecting it like a contract verb in eco. K. § 1 17, 1 ;
C. § 35, 6.
122. axTTTfp . . . . yLyvacTKoyiivovs] " just as if you had let
out a statue to be made upon contract, and then had received
it, not having what it ought to have according to the contract
or as if men of the people are known by description, and
not by acts and measures " ; i. e. arbitrarily setting up a
standard of what a popular man ought to be, and then con«
demning a^\ who fall short of it, just as he would a statue
190 NOTES.
or any thing capable of exact description. See ^ 168 seq
of his speech. For the construction of the participles here,
see K. § 312, RR. 12 and 13.— Km IBoas .... i^iol] " And
you vociferate, calling me things decent and indecent, as if
from a wagon, which epithets befit you and your race, not
me." In this and the preceding sentences the orator has
given a sort of running analysis of the speech of his op-
ponent, in such a manner as to convey a most contemptuous
idea of it. According to his account, he had, in the first
place, instituted the trial from envy, and, having thus insti-
tuted it, had resorted to the grossest perversion and even
mutilation of the laws in order to sustain his charges ; that
he had then subjoined some remarks upon what was requi-
site for a public man, and, finally, had attacked him with
the foulest abuse. The expression €$ ana^rjs refers to the
custom prevalent at many of the festivals among the Greeks,
of throwing out jests or coarse abuse from the carriages,
while making the processions connected with those festivals ;
and hence the peculiar meaning of ttojxtt€v^lv^ § 124. Comp.
Miiller's Hist. Lit. Greece, Vol. I. p. 291, note.
123. KatVot .... TovTo] " And yet even this." Often
used thus in referring to some common maxim or admitted
principle applicable to the case in hand. See Philip, ii.
^ 12 ; also, Jelf 's K. § 655, 8. Kara ttjv aiiTcbv (f)vo-Lv]
" according to their nature " ; i. e. as Reiske says, — " seu
lenis, mitis, sedata, seu atrox, vehemens, cita, impetuosa.
sceva, ita probra sunt." — Ot/coSo/i7)o-ai .... noXiv^ " But 1
have supposed that our ancestors built these courts of jus-
tice, not that, having assembled you within them from your
private business, we should utter reproaches against each
other, but that we should prove it against him, if any one
perchance has injured the city in any respect." For this
use of idios see Dem. Olynth. ii. § 16.
121. Ov firjv .... direXOelu] " However, not even here
ought he to come oflf having less," i. e. than he had given.
That is to say, as J^schines had taken this course, unsuit*
NOTES. 191
able as it was in a public trial, it was but just, to use a homely
phrase, that he should get as good as he had sent. This is
said by the orator in order to justify himself in entering
upon a general criticism of the character and conduct of
his opponent, both private and public ; which therefore he
proceeds to do, having first asked him one question. — Eha
ov . . . . Kpiacaiu] " Where then it was possible {rju) to ob-
tain satisfaction from me in behalf of these (i. e. the Athe-
nians), if I had done any thing wrong, viz. at the examma-
tion of my accounts, in the public accusations (ypacfia'Ls)^ and
the other trials brought against me, you neglected it." At
the examination of one's accounts, any one, as already
stated, might bring a charge of malversation against him,
and he was oblio-ed to answer to it. Besides, Demosthe-
nes, soon after the unfortunate battle of Chseronea, was
several times prosecuted, in various forms, for the course
which he had pursued, but, as he says a few lines below,
was convicted in none of them of having done any thing
wroncp. These now, he reminds ^Eschines, were the occa-
sions on which to have brought him to justice if he had
done any thing wrong, but he had made no attempt to do so.
125. ov 8\ K. T. X.] " but where I am clear by all things,
by the laws, by the time which has elapsed, by the period
within which it is allowable to bring an action {irpoOeania) ,
by mv having frequently been tried before concerning all
these things, by my never having been convicted of injur-
ing you in any thing, but where it is inevitable that the city
must share more or less in the glory of my public acts,
there have you attacked me .? Beware, lest you are an
enemy of these (i. e. the Athenians) while you profess to
be an enemy of me." The point which the orator wishes
to establish here is that expressed in the last clause, that
iEschines, while professing hostility to him alone, was m
reality acting the part of an enemy to the city. The way
in which this is made out is this: ^Eschines had neglected
brincring any charge against him on the proper occasions,
192 NOTES.
when the city would have sustained no disgrace by it, but
now that the proposition was to crown him for measures
which he had proposed and the city adopted (and m the
gloiy of which, therefore, they would share alike), he ob
jected to it, thereby endeavoring not only to deprive him of
the glory of his measures, but the city also. See the same
subject touched again, § 207. Trpodeafxla, more definite than
XpoVo), means the legal time within which it was allowable
to bring an action, which in most cases was five years.
Comp. Herm. Polit. Antiq. § 141, 5.
126. 'ETreiS^ .... dedeiKTai] " Since, therefore, the pious
and just vote (i. e. the vote to acquit him) has been pointed
out to all." Wolf supposes that the orator, at this point,
saw in his judges signs of favor towards himself and of
indignation towards his adversary, and hence seized the op-
portunity to draw this bold conclusion. Perhaps, however,
it is sufficient to suppose, that he considered that he had
said enough to convince them all which way they ought to
vote, and therefore took it for granted that they were con-
vinced. — dvTL .... avTov] " instead of many and false
things (like vEschines), to say barely the most essential
things concerning him." avTa here strengthens the super
lative, as self does in English, in such expressions as " the
very essence itself" K. § 303, E.. 4. — padlcos .... c^Oey^a-
o-dai ;] " he so readily commences reviling, and what words
(of mine) he criticizes, himself having spoken words, which
who of respectable men would not have shrunk from pro-
nouncing ? " i. e. such tawdry, pompous words, as appears
fiom what follows. For the strictures of ^Eschines on
certain expressions of Demosthenes, see §§ 72, 166, of
his speech.
127. oAXa nf) . . . . ayopas] " but not an idle babbler, a
practised knave." 1 liave translated nffjiTpLpixa dyopas (lit.
" hack of the agora") according to the meaning given to it
by the Scholiast on the Antigone of Sophocles, v. 320,
flamely, as = aXr;/xa, or vcterator in Latin. Sec TreoLTpipp.a
NOTES. 193
in Lid and Scott, The ground upon which he says that
the wisest and purest of men, such as ^Eacus, etc., would
not have used such pretending language as he had, is more
fully explained below, in the last part of § 128, and is
briefly this : that all truly excellent men are modest, and
make no display of their sympathy with what is great and
good, though they really possess it. — eVax^els] " offensive,"
" disgusting," i. e. because unsuited to his character and in
every way out of taste. — coa-rrep .... /Soii/ra] "" as if m a
tragedy, exclaiming." Such exclamations were common m
tragedies, which are designed to exhibit the workings of
stronof passions. — ravra .... \eyovTos] " for these thmgs
doubtless you heard him speaking," i. e. in the peroration
of his speech (^ 260).
128. ixvT]ae^vai] " to mention," " to speak of." — rjs to>v
fi€v, K. r. X.] " which not one of those really having obtained
would say any such thing concerning himself, but would
even blush to hear another one say it, while to those desti-
tute of it like yourself, yet pretending to it through stupidity,
the result is, that they cause those to grieve who hear them
laying claim to it, not that they appear to be such them-
selves." o)? dXr^e^s mean, together, " really," a>9 having the
effect of strengthening the meaning of the adverb, just as
it often does the superlative. K. § 343, R. 2. toloCtols is
put in the dativs to agree with the case after nepUa-Tiu. K.
§ 307, 2 ; C. § 70, 10.
129. Tov TrpooTou] " what first." rod for otov, the direct for
tlio indirect. K. § 344, R. 1 ; C. § 48, 8. — T«y npbs
I^Aoi/] " who teaches school near the temple of Theseus,
wearing heavy stocks and a wooden collar." The x"'^'!
was properly a measure of capacity, and hence, as an hi-
strument of punishment, must have been a kind of stocks
or fetters into which the feet were inserted and confined.
As to the |vXoi/, this was a heavy collar of wood, into which
the neck was inserted, so as to prevent it from all freedom
of motion. These v.ere employed as instruments of pun-
17
194 NOTES.
zshment, especially in the case of refractory slaves. Comp
Esch. Man. § 113. — toIs fiedrjuepLvols .... ere] " resorting
to the midday prostitutions (i. e. the most shameless pros-
titution) in the brothel, near the statue of the physician
Hero, brought you up a pretty little doll and an accom-
plished actor of third parts." I think it clear that Hero is
the proper name, and not Calamites, as some editions have
it. See Orat. de F. L., p. 419, where the same person is
called "Hpcos larpos. KaXafiiTTjs seems to have been a term
of contempt for a physician, from the use of xaXa/xot for sur-
gical purposes, = '•' man of the probe." The orator calls
jEschines koXov avSpidpra, on account of the smallness and
primness of his person ; or, according to Bekk. Anecd.
Grsec, in allusion to the caressing expression of fond
mothers, " my pretty little doll." The Scholiast on the
passage says, MiKpos yap ^v 6 Aio-^tfJ^ff to a5>fxa. By Tpirayo)-
vio-TTju reference is made to the former occupation of iEschi-
nes as a stage-player, and, furthermore, to the inferiority
of his rank even among those of that profession. An actor
of third parts was the representative of the least important
personages in a drama, especially of tyrants. See Dem.
F. L., § 247. For a full and clear account of the relation
of the three actors in the Greek tragedy, the reader may
consult Miiller's History of Grecian Literature, Vol. I. p.
306. — TpiT]pav\r)s] " galley-piper." Perhaps her first hus-
band.
130. ^ei3icoK€u] '' has lived or done during his life." —
Oi;86 yap .... KarapaTai] " For not even of so respectable
parentage as he finally attained was he originally, but of
such as the people execrate," i. e. probably persons of ser.
vile origin, who clandestinely got enrolled as citizens. The
execration of the people, here referred to, probably, was
ihat expressed at the opening of each assciubly. See
^ 282. — X^€9 /xeV ovv Ku\ TTpcorju] This of course is to be
wiken in a modified sense. For piv ovv (" or rather," " nay
rather"), see K. ^ 316, R. — eV tov .... rvxovaau] " \iavjng
NOTES. 195
obtained this nickname, evidently, from her doing and sub
mitting to eveiy thing." The reason of her being called
Empusa on this account was, that this was an obscene spec-
tre of the night. This was but a nickname, it will be per-
ceived, her true name being Glaucis, which, by the addi-
tion of two syllables, as Demosthenes says, ^Eschines
changed to Glaucothea, just as he did his father's, from
Tromes to Atrometus. The names mav have been changed
because they w^ere common with the lower classes ; besides,
the lengthened forms are more sounding, and sounding
names are generally preferred by upstarts. In opposition
to this account of the parentage of -£schines, see his own
account of his father, Contr. Ctes. § 191.
131. 8ia TovTovai] " by means of these," i. e. the Atheni-
ans. — oi'x oTTcos] " not only not." K. § 321, 3, (c).
132. d7ro\lrr](pLadevTa] " rejected." He had somehow, it
seems, contrived to get his name enrolled as a citizen, but,
upon an examination of his claims to that right, the fraud
was discovered and he rejected. This was probably done
at the general scrutiny of citizenship instituted in B. C.
346, which gave occasion for the speech of Dem. contr.
Eub. For the mode of deciding questions of citizenship
among the Greeks, see Shomann, Bk. III., chap. 3. Being
3nraged at this, he retired to Philip and made arrangements
with him to burn the navy-yards of the Athenians, for
which purpose, at the time here alluded to, he had returned
to the city. — UeLpaicl] " the Piraeus." The prhicipal pbrt
of Athens, where the navy-yards were. — as ev . . . . i-noiri-
o-ei/] '• as if I were doing outrageous things under a demo-
cratic form of government, insulting unfortunate citizens,
and entering houses without a warrant, caused him to be
released." In free governments the house is always one's
castle. For the partitive gen. (rwi/ ttoXitcov), see § 27, n.
133. T] /3o'jXr) T] e^ 'Apdov TTclyov] '' the council of the Hill
of Mars oj- Areopagus " This was a venerable court at
Athens, composed of the ex-archons who had filled their
19b NOTES.
office blamelessly, holding its sessions in the open air, upon
an elevation of ground called the Hill of Mars, from some
traditionary connection of Mars with the place. This court
had the cognizance of all cases of homicide, was intrusted
with the guardianship of the laws, and in the time of De-
mosthenes, as appears from this as well as other passages,
acted as a kind of superior court of police, making it its
particular business to bring to justice men who might en-
danger the state. Comp, Herm. Polit. Antiq. § 109. — ev
.... (rv/i/3f/37y/ci;taj/] " having terminated in a very unfortu-
nate result," i. e. the discharge of the person referred to.
ov Beov means properly " something which ought not to be,"
i. e. something unusual, monstrous, unfortunate, or unde-
sirable. — €7ravT)yay€v .... tovtovi] " had brought him again
before you, such a wretch would have been snatched away,
and, escaping the penalty of his crime, would have been
sent out of the country by this fine-spoken gentleman."
cis here = irpos. It is used, however, in this way only be-
fore nouns denoting intelligent objects.
134. Toiyapovv .... irpodoT-qv] " Accordingly, the council
of Areopagus, acquainted as it was with these proceedings
of this man at that time, when (cos) you, having, from the
same thoughtlessness from which you neglect many of the
public interests, chosen him advocate in the case relative to
the temple in Delos, both selected it and made it arbiter of
the matter, immediately rejected him as a traitor," This,
I believe, expresses the proper sense of this p;issage. But
it is worth while to observe how much more complicnted
the sentence becomes in English, i^rom the necessity of in-
troducing every clause in its strictly logical order, instead
of placing them in the oratorical order, and leaving the
sense to be determined from the agreement of the different
words. KaKtLUJju^ ••' and it," refers for its antecedent to the
council of Areopagus. The control of the temple in Delos,
like that of the temple at Dcjljiiii, was a matter of the great-
est political unportanfo The question here alluded to
NOTES. 197
was a contert witli the Delians concerning its superintend-
ence ; which was finally brought before the Amphictyonic
Council about B. C. 345, when ^schines was rejected as
advocate on account of his supposed leaning to the interest
of Philip. — Koi Tavra .... eVpa^e] " and this it did, giving
the vote from the altar," i. e. after having taken an oath at
the altar. This custom, as appeal's from several passages
in Demosthenes (Adv. Macart. § 14) and other Greek au-
thors, was common in the courts at Athens. The practice
was probably adopted in order to give greater sacredness to
their decisions, by appearing to act, as it were, under the
eye of their gods. Comp. Herod, viii. 123, 2, Wess. and
Valck.
135. vTrep aTravTayv] " in behalf of all," i. e. all the court
of Areopagus, these four being chosen to testify for the
whole court.
136. Tov v€aviov] Said rather with reference to his for-
wardness and pertness, or, perhaps, with reference to his
recent acquisition of Athenian citizenship, than to his actu-
al age, as he was at this time full forty. — ofMoiov ye] " is
like, I dare say." Observe the ironical force of yf, and see
F. L., p. 421, § 283. — oas iv . . . . vttcx<^PW^] " ^s if about
to put the city to shame and show it to be in the wrong;,
then indeed I did not yield nor give way to Python, assimi-
ing an impudent tone and pouring forth a tide of abuse
against you." noWco peoun (flowing with a torrent of words) ;
like Horace's siiJso multoque Jluenti. Sat. I. 7, 28. The
individual here spoken of was one of the most eminent ora-
tcis of antiquity. He was originally of Byzantium, but
early enlisted in the sei*vLce of Philip, by whom he was em-
ployed in various public matters, but especially on embas-
sies. For the occasion here alluded to, on which he visited
Athens accompanied by ambassadors from the allies of
Philip, See Thlrlw. Ch. XLV.
137. p,€Ta Tuiid' varepou] " thereupon afterwards." An
oratorical expansion not uncommon. See ^ 36 : evOis^ ovk
17*
198 NOTES.
fls jj-aKpav. — rw /cnraa/fOTro)] i. e. from Philip. Having been
sent by him to observe the movements at Athens relative to
liberating Euboea and sending aid to the Hellespont. See
§ 79, n. ^schines (§ 224 of his speech) says that De-
mosthenes got up this failure of Anaxinus in order to save
himself from prosecution. — rfj (pvaei] '* by nature," "to all
intents and purposes." — eVi tcov a-TpaTrjyau] "before the
generals." The generals tried cases of treason.
138. Knt yap .... e;^et] " For evidently the case is some-
how as follows " ; i. e. though he should proceed to enu-
merate ever so many of his crimes, they would be recol-
lected but faintly and without suitable indignation, ouro),
though commonly referring to what precedes, occasionally
refers to what follows. K. § 303, 1, R. 1. — Siv] By at-
traction for the ace, and governed by vTrrjpeTaiv in a kind of
pregnant sense, = " doing as a service." — vTroo-AcfAi'^fti/]
" to trip up, to thwart." ri^s eVt .... avraXXnTTopevoi]
"bartering away the interests of the city for the pleasure
and delight there is in (listening to) revilings." tj^ovijs is
governed by avTaWuTro^evoi as a gen. of price. K. ^ 275,
3 : C. § 54, 10. rots- exOpols .... irokLTemadaL] " tO take
bribes in the service of the enemy, than to manage affairs,
having taken a stand in your defence."
139. df]] " quite certainly," " as is well known." Refer-
ring to the certainty and notoriety of the act. K. § 315, 1
— TTjio Tov TToXe/^ieti/] " before the war," i. e. before the open
renewal of hostilities. — 'AXX' eTretS;), k. r. X.] The events
spoken of in this and the following lines have been alluded
to before (§§ 79, 80), and explained as being some of the
preliminary steps towards the renewal of hostilities. eTreifii),
in the hrst part of the passage, qualifies all the verbs as far
as 6 Tt.. dudpcoTTos (i. e. 6 nvOpcoTros)^ after i7Top€ve6\ means
l-*liilip, who is spoken of thus in contempt. liplBaocluiyos
means, literally, " a devourer of iambics," i f\ a wretched,
moulhing .jctor, tragedies being written in iambics ; or it
may refer to liijs slunderous character, as iambics were used
NOTES. 199
in satire. — Ei Se . . . . vdan] " But if he says (there is any
uch decree), let him now show it during my time " ; lit.
" during my water," the time being measured by an instru-
ment called the clepsydra. This was a glass vessel filled
with water, in the bottom of which there was a small aper-
ture, through which the water issued slowly (stealing out,
as it were, and hence receiving its name, from Kkiylns vdcop),
and fell into another vessel, bv the rise of the water in
which they judged of the time. This instrument was used
in the Athenian courts, in most causes, to measure the time
allowed to each speaker, which varied according to the na-
ture and importance of the cause. — Kalroi, k. t. X.] " And
yet there is a necessity, one of two things, either, having
nothing to complain of in the measures proposed by me at
that time, he does not propose others in their stead, or, being
intent upon the interests of the enemy, does not bring for-
ward any better than these."" We have here an enthpjiem,
or an abridged syllogism. Thus : " Proposing no decree
proves one of two things ; ^Eschines proposed no decree
(as shown above), therefore one of these two things is true
of him." The enthymem has all the cogencv of the syllo-
gism, without its rigidness and formality. It is much used
by Demosthenes ; as, §§ 24, 47, 124, 196, 217. Odrepuv is a
kind of adverbial^ ace, expressing the equivalent idea to
wliat follows, governed by the general idea of doing, ex-
pressed in a modified way by the tico verbs, ypdcf)eiv and
if>€p€tu. Jelf 's K. § 579, 4.
140. piv odu] "■ nay rather." See § 130, n. — Ka- ra
.... XauBdvetv] " And the city, as it seems, was able to
bear otiier things, and this man to perform them without
being detected." — nepl ov . . . . 7ro0€v ;] " concerning which
he expended the many words, or told that long storv (i. e.
in his speech, §§ 107- 185), rehearsing the decrees con-
cerning the Amphissian Locrians, as if about to pervert th«
truth. But it is not of this nature (i. e. so easily perverted) .
how can it be ? " The decrees here spoken of were the
800 NOTES.
decrees of the Amphictyons relative to the Locrlans of Am
phissa, the gen. being of the objective kind. K. § 265, 2,
(b) ; C. § 56, R. 1. tovs noWovs, " the many," " those
many," the article being used as a demonstrative for what
was well known or notorious. K. § 244, 6. To S', " where-
as," "but" (K. § 247, 3, a). aKrjd^s is understood. For
noBev see § 47, n. The crime of ^schines here alluded
to was the getting up of an Amphictyonic war against the
Amphissians, thus opening a field for the ambition of Philip.
141. anavras Koi nda-as] OTrain-aj (" all together ") seems tO
have been used to include both gods and goddesses in a gen-
eral way, and ndo-as to have been added as a sort of after-
thought ("and goddesses too"). — t6v 'AttoXXco .... noKet]
" the Pythian Apollo, who is the paternal deity of the city."
Apollo was originally the principal divinity of the Dorians,
but was adopted by the other Grecian tribes, to a greater or
less extent, and especially by the lonians, who became at
an early period the possessors of Attica. On account of
this adoption of the religion of Apollo, as is supposed. Ion,
the mythological father of the Ionian race, was represented
in the ancient legends as the son of Apollo ; and hence it
was that Apollo was called the paternal deity of the city.
Comp. Mijller's Hist. Dorians, Vol. I. pp. 257 - 263. — €t*
fiev .... Brjixa] " if I should speak the truth to you (i. e.
now), and then also immediately spoke it before the people."
— evTvxiav .... acoTrjpUiu] " happiness .... safely," i. e.
in the highest sense, as depending upon the gods. Thus
perilling his soul upon the point, as in an oath. — npo^] " on
the side of," " out of regard to." — dvovrjTov'j " devoid of."
Takes a gen. of privation. C. § 55, 7.
142. Tt ovv . . . . (Kpobpws ;] " VVhy now liave I Imprecated
these things upon myself, and why have I been so vehe-
ment ? " The perf denotes " had and still continues to
[liive," — he still remaining under the imprecations; but
the vehemence was confined to the simple utterance of the
passage, and hence is properly expressed by the aor. The
NOTES. 201
preceding passage (which is alluded to by the words undei
consideration) is a favorable specimen of the means re-
sorted to by Demosthenes to enliven his discourse and re-
lieve the monotony of narration or discussion. For this
purpose he often suddenly breaks off the direct line of dis-
course to make an appeal to the gods, to his hearers, or to
his adversary ; or to press by interrogations, to recapitulate
what he has said, or to anticipate objections; or by pre-
tending to shrink hm. the utterance of thoughts which are
in his mind ; by professing uncontrollable indignation, and
venting his rage in a strain of invective ; by supplicating,
deprecating, execrating, or some of the numerous turns of
thought which Cicero, taking Demosthenes as a pattern,
describes as being resorted to by the perfect orator. Orat.
c. 40. — "Ort .... K€ifi€va] " Because, although having
documents lying in the public archives." The participle
expresses a concession. K. ^ 312, 4, (d). — nrj twv . . . .
€\dTTO)v] '' lest this fellow should be thought too contempti-
ble for the mischief done by him." airoj, dat. of the agent.
K. § 284,3,(11).
143. ovTos .... KUKoyv] " this fellow is the one who helped
him get it up, and, as far as one man can be (or " is t^e
one man who"), is the cause of all these greatest of evils."
fh avr]p is employed to limit or modify twv /xeyiVrcor. K.
§ 239, R. 2, (e) ; C. § 50, R. b. — ol ^^v . . . . avyKaB^^i^e-
voi] ''' while those sitting with him by invitation," i. e. the
Macedonian friction. The assemblies of the people at
Athens being open for all the citizens to attend in person,
great facilities were presented to such as wished to carry
any measure, or to make opposition to any, to succeed,
even against the true sense of the people at large, by secur-
mg the attendance of their friends, who would act with them
by concert, and thus enable them to carry their point. Al-
lusion is made to this practice in the words under consider-
ation. See F. L. § 1-
144. Ka\ fifydXa, k. t. X.] " and you will be greatly assisted
202 NOTES.
by it for the investigation of public affairs, and will see how
great craftiness there was in Philip.'"
145. drra'X'Xayfj] " escape," i. e. from the contracted thea-
tre of his country, his ports being blockaded by the Athe-
nians (see below), and there being no way of entering Attica
except as here proposed. — dWd .... kuko.] The principal
Athenian generals in the time of Demosthenes were Chares,
Charidemus, Diopithes, Timotheus, Chabrias, Iphicrates,
Lyslcles, and Phocion. Of these only Phocion was distin-
guished for the higher qualities of a general, while most of
the others were not only inferior generals, but men of little
character. The large revenue, also, which Athens had
formerly received from her allies, had been mostly lost by
the Social War, which had alienated the greater part of her
foreign dependencies ; and the rest had been absorbed by
the theoric fund, for the purpose of furnishing amusement
to the populace. The generals, therefore, were obliged to
maintain their forces as they could, which was usually done,
either by calling upon the allies of Athens, if any remained,
for benevolences^ as they were called (see Orat. de Cherso-
neso, § 25), or, more commonly, by making descents upon
defenceless chies and tribes, and robbing them of what they
wanted. This gave them more the character of adventur-
ers than any thing else, and encouraged the business of
privateering, which is but anotlier name for piracy. This
is what is alluded to by XrjaTwu, who were private adven-
turers, after the fashion of the public generals, seeking sup-
port for themselves and their attendants by pillaging, if
possible, from the enemies of Athens, but if not, from her
allies or those at peace with her. — eK ttjs .... ytyvoiievoiv]
" proceeding from the coimtry, or growing in the country."
146. /ijjre .... iirjTe] Used instead of ovre .... ovre^
because the part, express a condition. K. § 318, 5 ; C.
§81,4. — <rvv€(iaivf .... KaKo-naeelv] " but it happened to
him, conquering in war the generals, of such character as
they were (for 1 omit the consideration of this), whom vow
NOTES. 203
sent out, to suffer from the nature of his situation and the
relative advantages of the two parties," i. e, themselves and
Philip. Tcu TToXe/iM is opposed to r^ ^vcret Tov TOTTOV, etc
which follows.
147. ^adiCav ecf)' u/iaj] " to march against you." — ovdeva]
1 have substituted this for ovdei/ av (which would be easily
confounded with it), since the laws of the language plainly
require it. K. § 255, 3. — to. ^eV .... ireia-Hv] " that he
should carry some things by deception and others by per-
suasion." — TToXefiov .... TupaxTjv] " to excite a war for the
Amphictyons and disturbance in the assembly." 7re/jt,
" round among," " through," " in." — ds yap, k. t. X.] Phil-
ip might naturally have supposed that he would be wanted
in such circumstances, from his having previously executed
with great vigor and success the decree of the Amphictyons
against the Phocians.
148. lepofivrjfxovoiv] " Hieromnemons." One class of the
delegates sent to the Amphictyonic Council by the different
states of Greece. There was another class of delegates,
mentioned below, called pylagorce. The principal object
of this council or league w£ls to defend their common sanc-
tuaries, and especially that at Delphi. Hence, the council
being religious in its nature, some have supposed the hie-
romnemons to have been priests ; but there is no evidence
of this that I know of. Their business at the meetino-s of
the council seems to have been, either to prepare subjects
for the consideration of the pylagorce, or to execute their
decrees. For a more paiticular account of the nature and
organization of this council, see Herm. Polit Antiq. §§ 13
and 14. — Ta,v uTrevat/nW] "• his enemies."
149. TrpoiSXr/^elf] " having been brought forward, or nom-
inated " (B. C. 340) . — TToXecos d^i(apa\ " dignity of the city,"
i. e. the ofhce of deputy to the Amphictyonic Council. —
TrdvTa .... IpiadoiOri] " having dismissed and neglected all
Dther things, he accomplished those things for which he was
hired," i. e. by Philip. — p.v6Qvi\ "legends." Referiing to
204 NOTES.
the musty lore which ^schines adv. Ctesiph. ^ 107 seq.
raked up relative to the Cirrhsean territory. This was a
district lying on the Corinthian Gulf around the ancient city
of Cirrha, which, before its destruction by the Amphictyons,
on account of its ill-treatment of pilgrims to the temple,
was the port of Delphi. After its destruction it was conse-
crated to Apollo and devoted to perpetual desolation, x iie
Locrians of Amphissa, however, in violation of this decree
of the Amphictyons, as it seems, had appropriated the dis-
trict to themselves, and were cultivating it like common
land. This crime, ^Eschines, on the occasion here alluded
to, charged upon them ; in self-defence, as he states, and in
the heat of passion, as a retort upon one of the Amphissian
deputies who had accused the Athenians of impiety, and as
deserving to be excluded from the council ; but, as Demos-
thenes contends, at the instigation of Philip, and for the
purpose of exciting an Amphictyonic war against them, and
thus opening a field for his ambition. — dv6po)7rovs . . . . Ao
ycov] '' men unacquainted with the tricks of speech." The
hieromriemojis are thus spoken of, according to Hermann
(§ 14. 15), on account of their being chosen by lot, and
hence, of course, as a general thing, being men of the
common class, and of no experience in public business. —
irepuXefiv] " to survey," " set off." See the following
decree.
150. ovbeixiav .... UfiOev] " although the Locrians
brought no action against us, nor even what he now falsely
pretends they did. But you will see (that they did not)
from this," i. e. what follows, ^schines, in his speech
(§ 116), states, in justification of his attack upon the Lo-
crians, that they were introducing a suit {hiKr^v) before the
Amphictyons to fine the Athenians fifty talents, for dedi-
cating certain shields in a new chapel dedicated to Apollo,
and on his attempting to defend his countrymen, one of the
Locrian deputies inveighed against them for their impiety
and as deserving to be expelled from tlie council (a . . . :
NOTES. 205
n-porfiacriCerai) . — 'Etti .... dpx^s ;] " Under what adminis-
tration or arclionship ? " Public documents or records, as
has already been remarked, received date from' such or
such an archon. — Karexpc^] This is the second person
singular of the imperfect middle of Karaxpaopai.
151. /xtAcpov] (OS delv being understood. K. § 341, R. 3.
— fls en-iovaav TrvXalau] " to the followmg session." Some
put a comma after this phrase and connect it with ^]XOov.
llvXaia was a general name for the meetings of the Am-
phictyons, from nvXai (Thermopylce), one of the stated
places, and probably the original place, of holding their
meetings. — im t6v . . . . ^yov] " brought (the matter) to
Philip as general." rj-yepoua^ since the suggestion of Lam-
binus to that efiect, has usually been considered as standing
for Tj-yefiopiav ; but Schafer supposes Trpaypa to be understood
here, and quotes an altogether parallel passage from the
Third Philippic, p. 125, where it is expressed after rjyov.
This explanation is much the most satisfactory of the two.
152. Tj yap .... alpelaOai] " for they said it was neces-
sary, either that they themselves should contribute and sup-
port mercenaries and punish such as would not do this, oi
choose him general." — ippcoadai cppdo-as noXXa] " having
bid a long adieu." This infinitive means literally " to be
strong," but was used like t6 x^'-p^'-^-, ii^ the sense of " fare-
well." See the same phrase, Orat. F. L. p. 419. In othei
places we find it with both (IttHv and Xeyeiv^ in the same
sense. See Orat. de Pace, p. 62, fin. The idea conveyed
in this place is, that Philip departed widely from his pro
fessed designs against the Cirrhceans and Locrians, in the
act here spoken of.
153. peTiyvccrrav] "had repented 07' changed their mind,"
The Thebans, it will be recollected, had been associated
with Philip in the war against Phocis, and were beholden
to him for many favors. By the taking asid garrisoning of
Elatea, however, their eyes were opened to the true char-
acter of his designs. Elatea was the principal town in the
18
206 NOTES.
eastern part of Phocis, and so situated as to command the
defiles which form the principal entrance, in that direction
to Boeotia, and hence to Attica. — vi/u . . . . eKelvoi] " but
as it is, or as the matter turned, they prevented him at least
from a sudden irruption." vvv here refers to the course
which events had taken in accordance with his policy, as
opposed to that desired by his adversaries. The to before
€^aL(t)vr]s refers to elo-nea-elv, to be Supplied from the preced-
ing sentence, which is used as a noun with avrov accusative,
before it, and is governed by eneaxov.
154. 'EttI iepecos] " Under the priest." According to
Hermann (§ 14. 12), the archon of Delphi (who, as he
was connected with a religious establishment, would nat-
urally be called lepevs) was the Eponymus of the Amphic-
tyons, or the magistrate from whom the year was named
— '- iapivrjs 7rv\aias] " at the spring session." The council
had two sessions annually, one in the spring and one in the
autumn, the former at Delphi and the latter at Thermopylae.
This is the commonly received opinion with regard to the
meetings of the Amphictyons, but President Woolsey (Bib.
Sac, July, 1850) makes it appear highly probable that the
autumnal session was at Delphi, these words being regarded
as forgeries. — a-wedpots] Hermann supposes these to be
the same as the liieroninemons. — r« Afotvw] " the com-
mons," i. e. the body of the citizens who happened to be
present from the various states belonging to the league.
These, according to the author just quoted, constituted the
assembly, while the two classes of deputies corresponded
to the senate in a democracy. This decree, it is probable,
was passed at the session at which ^Eschines attacked the
Amphissians ; tiiat which follows, at the following session.
155. TO Koivbv .... (Tvvibpiov] The Amphictyonic Coun-
cil was called tlio common council or congress of the
Greeks, because W embraced nearly all the original tribes
of Greece, togeiher with tlicir colonies. Herm. § 1*2. —
"A.pxoii' MuT^aiCeioqs, k. r. X.] The beginning of the decree
NOTES. 20T
by which ^schines was made pylagoras, which designatcMi
the year in which the above transactions took place, which
was B. C. 340.
156. cos ovx .... Gr]t3a~ioi] " when the Thebans did not
listen," i. e. to his proposition to unite with him against
Athens. — ras dcpopfMas] " starting-points," " facilities,"
" means." •
157. Tois drj^iovpyois .... (rvvedpoisl " to the magistrates
and councillors." drjuiovpyoi were magistrates common in
the Peioponnesus. Muller, Hist. Dorians, Vol. II. p. 144.
— TrXTjupeXovcTLv els] " offend against." — XeT^Xarouo-i] " plun-
der," " ravage." — ds ttjv ^coKi'Sa] ds is used on account
of the previous motion implied in (rvvavraTe {come and meet).
K. § 300, 3, b. — euea-TWTos fitjvbs] " the present month."
This is governed as a gen. of time. K. § 273, 4, (b) ; C.
§ 54, 13. There is some difficulty in making out the cor-
respondence between the Attic month Boedromion and the
Corinthian month here named, since Panemus corresponded
to the Athenian month preceding Boedromion. But Boeckh
(as cited by Dissen) supposes this to have been an interca-
lary year at Corinth, and this month to have been carried
forward in consequence. — Tot? 6e, k. t. A.] The reading
here adopted is that supported by the best authority, and yet
no possible sense can be extracted from it. There can be
no doubt that the text in this place is corrupt. Schafer pro-
poses, in so desperate a case, to leave out all that intervenes
between XPW^F-^^'^ ^^^ eVt^T^/Miots', which would leave a kind
of sense to the passage, which is all that can be said of any
of the emendations which have been suggested.
158. Mj) Tolwv .... avOpoiTvov] " Do not, therefore, O
men of Athens, going around (i. e. walking up and down
the agora, as the Athenians were wont to do, " either to tell
or to hear some new thing"), say that Greece has suffered
Buch things from one man alone," i. e. Philip.
159. p.ribev evXa^rjOevra] for One " fearing nothing." —
ukiTTjpiov] homo piacidaris, i. e. " a man laden with the guilt
208 NOTES.
of," " the guilty cause." — *Oi/ o-rras .... aKrjdelas] " Whom
that you did not by any possibility (Trore), as soon as you
saw him, turn away from in disgust, I wonder ; but, as it
seems, there is a certain thick darkness with you before the
truth," i. e. between them and the truth. The pres. tense
is employed, as expressing a general truth, implying that
ihe Athenians were very slow in detecting rogues.
160. TovTOLs iuavTioviJ.€vos] " opposing, or in opposition to
these things." — ra epya] *■' the realities." Opposed to row
koyovs below.
161. 'Opoiv yap .... StereXoui^] "For seeing the Thebans
and almost you, through the influence {utto) of those seek-
ing the interest of Philip, and corrupted in each state (i. e.
^.tUens and Thebes), overlooking and not at all guarding
against what was dangerous to both and deserving of much
vigilance, viz. the permitting Philip to increase in strength,
but on the contrary being ready for enmity and collision
with each other, I continually watched that this might not
be," i. e. that there might not be a rupture between Athens
and Thebes, and thus Philip be permitted to gain strength
by their disunion.
162. ' ApiarocficouTa .... EviSov'Xou'] Two distinguished
orators at Athens, and friends of TEschines, when living;
but who, as appears from what follows, were dead at the
time of the delivery of this speech. — ravrrjv ttjv (^iX/av]
" this friendship or alliance," i. e. of Athens and Thebes.
— eavTols] Used reciprocally. K. § 302, 7 ; C. § 4JS, 5.
— Kivabos] " fox," i. e. an artful, knavish fellow ; similar
in import to another designation which he gives him, nepl-
Tpippa ayopas. See § 127, n. — alo-BavcL] The more com-
mon reading, alaxvvrj^ is evidently incorrect, as it is incon-
sistent with the connection, especially the reason which is
given in the following clause. — a yap .... doKipaadvrayv^
" for in what you charge upon me concerning the Thebans,
you censure them much more than me, since they approved
of this alliance before I did."
NOTESv 209
163 crvfJLTrepavaixevoov .... exOpav] " while (Se) his Other
coadjutors united with him in completing the enmity against
he Thebans.'" — eXdelv e(^' rj^a^] ''advanced against us,"
. e. by suddenly turnino; aside from his course against Am-
phissa, and taking Elatea, and, as it would seem from the
following decree, some other cities in the same vicinity. —
Kai el fXT] . . . , rjdvvTjdrjfjLev] " and unless we had previously
roused ourselves a little (i. e. in order to effect a union be-
tween the two cities), we should not even have been able to
recover ourselves." In some MSS. avrovs, and in others
avTovs, is found after dpaXalSe'iv, while in others neither form
is found. This latter seems to me to be the preferable read-
ing, since the second seems to give a wrong sense, and the
first is not required by the usage of the verb. — ourco] This
qualifies Troppo), but is separated from it, as is often the case.
See §§ 33, 220, n. — 'Ei^ oh, k. r. X.] " But in what condi-
tion you were at that time in respect to your relations to
each other, having heard these decrees and answers, you
will know."
164. j3ov\tjs .... yvcofirj] I. e., probably, " brought for-
ward by the generals, approved by the Senate, and now
passed by the people." — as y^ieV] Used demonstratively for
ras fiev ; K. § 33 1 , R. 1 ; and responded to by tlvqs Se, in-
stead of as Se. — jxaXiaTa /leV] " especially," " above all
things." Always indicates the first choice among two or
more things or courses of action. See §§ 267, 324. —
npos TO ^ovXevaaa-dai] " for Consultation," " deliberation."
— ras duoxas] " the truce," " armistice." A noun used
mostly in the plural, like inducioB.
165. 73-oXeyLtapxov] This was the title of the third archon
in point of dignity. The title was given him originally on
account of his acting as general in the army ; but this did
not belong to his duties in later times. — eneLdr} .... Kara-
oTTJa-aL] " since Philip is endeavoring to place the Thebans
in estrangement towards us, or to estrange the Thebans
from us." — napa^aivcop .... (rvv6r]Kas] '' violating the stipu-
18*
£10 NOTES.
lations existing to him on our part," i. e. between him ana
us. Referring, perhaps, to the peace so often alkided to ;
but, as some suppose, to another peace after the war of
Byzantium. — ottco? ivdexofievcos] " that as far as possible,"
i. e. considering the circumstances of the case. — koI yhp
. . . . Twv /ierpio)!/] " for as yet they (i. e. the people) have
not determined to come to the aid (i. e. to the defence of
their territory and interest against Philip) in any ordinary
circumstances."
166. aipea-iv] " choice," " feeling," " inclination." —
Trpoa-Ka'XeaaaBai] " tO entice to yourselves." — BeXriov ....
larapei/cov] " But they thinking better (becoming wiser),
and not wishing to yield their choice to you, but standing
upon their interest." e>' =z " under," " in the power of."
See ^ 215, n. — Trapanefx^apTes] " having sent away," " dis-
missed."
167. dvaveovade] " you renew," " remind of." — Upore-
pov] " Formerly," i. e. before he received the letter re-
ferred to. — TO. Trpos .... elprjvijv] " to have sought ^eace
with us." For the construction of ex^v as an auxiliary with
a part., see K. § 310, 4, (k). — ^aerjv] "I was rejoiced."
A first aor. pass, from fjbopai.
168. cos ov8' .... eT]l3aia)u] " as if wc and the Thebans
should not conspire together, even if any thing should hap-
pen," i. e. even if any such flagrant act as the taking of
Elatea should be done by him. avpnvevo-ovTcov has the same
meaning as our word conspire^ and is of precisely the same
origin ; meaning, like that word, literally, " to breathe to-
gether," and figuratively, " to agree or unite together."
For its construction with las ai/, see K. § 312, 6 ; C. § 71,
III. 1.
169. riKf §'.... TTpvrdvfis] " and a certain one came an-
nouncing to the prytanes." las = ds or npo^. This has
I'ustly been considered by critics as a masterly description.
The circumstances are so happily selected, and so briefly
and forcibly presented, that we seem to see the tumultuoua
NOTES. 21)
excitement which is described. — i^avaa-Tdin-es .... UaXovvj
All the circumstances here mentioned are indicative of
great excitement ; the prytanes leaving their meal half
eaten ; some of them proceeding to disperse the hucksters
around the agora, and to burn their sheds (or rather, per-
haps, the fagots^ see below), while others called the gen
erals and the trumpeter. Various reasons, none of them,
however, verv satisfactoi^, have been assigned for the dis-
persing of the hucksters and burning their sheds ; such as
the design of forcing them from their employments and
securing their presence in the assembly ; or of clearing
away all obstructions to the hurried approach of the people
to the assembly. But as the people did not meet till the
next morn'ng, and as, consequently, measures might have
been taken in the mean time to secure these ends without
resorting to so violent acts, the conjecture of Schafer seems
more reasonable, viz. that these sheds, being of combusti-
ble materials, were ordered to be burnt as a signal, so as to
call in the people from the country as extensively as possi-
ble. But more probably these yeppa were not the sheds of
the hucksters, but the hurdles which were used ordinarily
to surround the place of assembly : or, it may be, simply
bundles of fagots, kept to be burnt for signal-fires upon extra-
ordinary occasions. The generals were summoned so as to
make the necessary militaiy preparations, and the trumpeter
as a usual attendant. — Tfj S' . . . . rjpepa] '•'• On the follow-
ing day early in the morning " ; lit. " at the same time
with the opening of day." — vpels] " you," i. e. the people
generally, in distinction from the Senate. — koI irpiv ....
KaOriTo] " and before that (the Senate) had time to deliberate
and pass a preliminary decree, the whole people were seat-
ed above." This, too, was an evidence of extraordinary
excitement, since ordinarily there was great difficulty in
getting the people together to transact business ; for which
purpose a small compensation w^as given to those who were
there promptly, and even compulsory means were resorted
212 NOTES.
to, at times, to secure their attendance. But on tliis occa
sion, such was the excitement, that they all assembled be*
fore the Senate had agreed on a decree to submit to them
for approval. The people are here spoken of as having
taken their seats above, on account of the Pnyx, in which
they met, being in a more elevated situation than the Senate-
chamber.
170. ela-^XOev fj ^ovXrj] i. 6. into the assembly. Not the
whole Senate, but only the fifty prytanes and the nine pro-
edri, who regularly attended the meetings of the assembly.
See Grote's Hist. Greece, Vol. IV. p. 139 ; also § 29, n.
— KUKelvos .... oi^Se/f] " and he spoke (i. e. the messen-
ger), the crier asked, ' who wishes to harangue the people ? '
but no one came forward." This invitation was given 9i
the opening of eveiy assembly. Originally the crier called
upon any of the citizens over fifty years old to speak first,
and after them any others who wished. But this custom
soon fell into disuse. — rjv yap .... j^yelo-^ui] " for the voice
which the crier sends forth according to the la\\"s, this it is
just to consider the common voice of the countiy."
171. TrnpeX^etv] " to have come forward," i. e. to the
Bema, to harangue the people. — ol TpiaKoa-toi] "the three
hundred " (arising would have advanced to the Bema).
These were the three hundred richest citizens, who formed
the first quarter of each of the twenty symmorise who were
bound to discharge the duties of the trierarchy (<^ 99, n),
called, ^ 103, r^y^poves Tcov (rvppopiaiv. ei 6e • . . . €7roLT]aai>j
" but if for those being both these, viz. both well disposed
towards the city and rich, they (would have come forward)
who afterwards made so large contributions to the state ;
for they did this from their patriotism and wealth." Refer-
ence is here made to the ot' r wealthy citizens not included
m the first class, who nevertheless, in the ensuing struggle
with Philip, made great sacrifices in defence of their
ountry.
172. dXT^a .... aoY^f] " but for one having attended
NOTES. 213
closely to the course of events from the oeginning." This
js a phrase of precisely the same nature, and of nearly the
same form, as that used hy the Evangelist Luke in the first
part of his Gospel, in allusion to his qualifications for such
an undertaking : TraprjKoXovdrjKOTi avcodev Traaiv aKpijSwy.
173. 'E<pa.vrjv .... eyco] " I therefore appeared such an
one on that day." For this use of ovtos (very much like
Toioi/Tos)^ see § 236 ; also Soph. Antig. v. 66. — t}]v t^s ev-
volas rd^iv] " the post of patriotism." — e^^/rafd/iTyi'] " I was
proved or found." This verb properly means " to exam-
ine," " to test," but it here expresses the result of a severe
test or examination.
174. (OS ... . ^iXtTTTro)] " as if the Thebans were devoted
to Philip." For the part, in the gen. absolute with ©s, see
§ 168, n.
175. nXrjaiov .... ^lao-dcoa-iv] In this passage the orator
gives the reason which he supposed influenced Philip to
take the step in question.
176. 6t rt . . . . ^(fxvriadai] " if any thing unpleasant has
^en done by the Thebans towards us, to call up this." dva-
k6\ov is a softened expression for adUou. — etVa .... ytvrjcrdc]
" then I fear lest those (of the Thebans) now opposing,
having received him, and all with one consent having united
themselves to Philip, they should both advance against At-
tica. Nevertheless, if you will listen to me, and surrender
yourselves (lit. be) to the consideration, not to contending
about what I may say." (pLKLTnnadvTaiv, literally, " Philip-
izing."
177. eiravelvai] '^ to lay aside." This is the second aorist
infinitive, from enavLfifn. — fieradeaBcu] " to change your
view." Used absolutely. — erreLT, k. t. X.] Eleusis, the
place here spoken of, was a town in Attica, lying towards
Thebes from Athens, and therefore a desirable place as a
rendezvous for the forces in order to counteract at Thebes
the influence of Philip's army stationed at Elatea. The
Bge of majority at Athens, here spoken of C>;XtKia), was
214 NOTES.
nineteen, at least as far as liability to militarj^ duty was con
cerned. Comp. Herm. Po'iit. Antiq. § 123. — tt^a rols ....
uj] "• tliat there may be to those at Thebes preferring youi
cause, equally (i. e. with the faction in favor of Philip),
courage to speak in defence of their rights, seeing that, as
there is a force at Elatea ready to assist those selling their
country to Philip, thus you are ready and will assist those
who wish to contend for their liberty, if any one advances
against them." The two factions at Theben, that in favor
of Pliilip, and that in favor of uniting with Athens against
him, were very equally divided, and it was only by the
most energetic and untiring efforts that Demosthenes gained
the voice of the majority in favor of his measures.
178. KeKfvoj] " I direct," " I advise." — Kvpiovs] " direc-
tors." — Koi Tov .... i^odov] " both of the time when it is
necessary to march thither, and of the expedition itself."
Wolf considers these specifications as meaning the same
thing, but Reiske justly says, in reference to the distinction
between them, " De tempore modoque expeditionis, quan-
do, et quantas numero copias, exire oporteat in castra versus
Thebas." — ncos .... KeXevcoa-iv] "■ how do I advise to con-
duct the matter ? For ascertaining this give your mind
very attentively to me. (I advise) not to ask any thing of
the Thebans, for the occasion is disgraceful (or it is dis-
graceful to do so on such an occasion), but to offer to assist
them if they urge it." The sense of the passage is this :
That they should not ask aid of the Thebans, but rather
offer them aid, since it would be disgraceful to appear to be
seeking aid for themselves, when the Thebans were in so
much more immediate danger. — Iv iav .... TreirpayjjLevnv]
" that in case they should receive these proposals, and com
mit themselves to us, we may both have accomplished what
we desire (i. e. a measure important to Athens), and may
have done it under a pretext worthy of the city (i. e. from
a regard for Thebes) ; but if, on the contrary, it should not
happen that you should gain your object (i. e succeed in
NOTES. 215
Jie negotiations for an alliance with Thebes), that they may
reproach themselves, if in this case they fail of any thing,
while nothing disgraceful or grovelling shall have been done
by you."
179. ovK cIttov, k. t. X.] " I did not speak of these things
indeed, and yet not propose them," etc. This is an in-
stance of the climax, so called, on account of the sense
rising step by step like stairs (>cXi/ia^).
180. /3ouXei] This is a common form of the second per-
son singular indicative of this verb, instead of /SovXiy. While
the clerk was getting ready to read the decree just called
for, the orator employs the time in rendering ridiculous, in
view of his eminent services on this occasion, the nick-
name Batalus, given him in youth on account of his stam-
mering (often alluded to by yEschines in his speeches, as
F. L., p. 41). I am aware that a ditierent origin has been
assigned to this name, which .Eschines follows in his ora-
tion against Timarchus (p. 18). But this is evidently noth-
ing more than a play upon the word, as /3araXoy, according
4i0b Passow, meant both a stammerer and an effeminate or
debauched person ; which latter meaning ^Escbines gave
to it, on account of its conveying a greater reproach. Fur-
thermore, the common tradition that Batalus, from whom
the name was derived, was a flute-player, would seem to
indicate that the nickname had reference to some defect in
the manner of his speaking ; as the blowing of wind-instru-
ments often affects the voice, and especially gives to the
performer that inflation of the cheeks which is common in
mouthing and bad speakers. At all events, it seems evident
that Demosthenes understood h so, from his proceeding at
once to compare himself in this character with ^schines
as a bad actor, — as an lafi^eiocbdyos, or " eater of iambics."
And this, by the way, is probably what is alluded to by
fVeVpiyay, '' you murdered," a few lines below. — elvm Sai]
' set down to be, or as being " — BovXet .... aKiii'i]^]
" Do you wish (mo to set down) myself to be one whom
216 NOTES.
you refiling and deriding might call Batalus, but (to set
down) you as no ordinary hero, but one of the heroes of
the stage," i. e. such characters as he, as an actor of
third parts, had represented. — KoXvttw] This was the least
respectable quarter of the city, lying northeast of the tem-
ple of Theseus. To have failed in such a place added to
his disgrace. See Wordsworth's Athens and Attica, p. 179
182. *EXkT]vi8as TTokeis] " Grecian cities." ttSK^is is here
placed in apposition with its parts, as fxh^ tlvus Se, and ivias
Se, instead of being in the gen. and governed by them. K.
§ 266, 3. The cities referred to in the text, just above,
have been before mentioned (see §§ 60, 70), but it is un-
certain what cities these are, unless they may be those
mentioned in § 164. — ovbh .... xp^fJ^^^os'] " doing nothing
abliorrent either to the spirit of his coi.ntry or to his own
character, and using his present fortune intemperately."
The genitives nnTpibos and rpoTrov are governed by aXXoTptou.
K. § 271, 3; C. § 54, 1.
183. Kat €(os .... TrXrj/x/zfXao-^at] " And as long as they
saw him destroying barbarous cities, although their own
(i. e. cities out of Greece belonging to Athens), the people
of Athens considered of less importance the offence com-
mitted against itself."
184. dedoKTai] " it has pleased," or " it has been decreed."
Taylor proposes to substitute deboxdai instead of the indie,
making it depend for government, as is usual in decrees,
upon eiTrei/, near the beginning. As, however, this emenda-
tion is purely conjectural, it is better to suppose that, as the
preamble had been long, its proper dependence was over-
looked, and therefore a different mood adopted. — fjpcoai]
"• heroes." These were mythic characters who had been
deified, and were regarded as demigods and tutelary divini-
ties by the people. — Siort .... inoiovvTo] " that they (their
ancestors) considered it of more importance." diort = ort,
§§ 167, 184. K. § 338, 2.—hTis ni^Xa)..] '' within Ther-
mopyloe." The object of directing a squadron to this j)lace
NOTES. 2n
was, to cut off Philip's communication with his country, and
otherwise to annoy him in that quarter.
185. TOP ^iXimrovJ Governed by KaraTrKayivras. K. <^ 279,
5. — Koi oTi . . . . aXXrjXas] " and (to say) that the Atheni-
ans, forgetting all injuries, if formerly there has been any
estrangement to the two cities towards each other," i. e.
between the two cities.
186. "Eti 8e . . . . 6iJ.o(f)vXcc)] " And besides, neither do the
people of Athens consider the people of Thebes alien from
them, on account of their relationship not only in origin but
in race," i. e. they were of Grecian origin like themselves
(which Philip was not), but whether any closer relationship
existed between them is not certain. The whole sentence
being rendered negative by ot'Se, the negatives (ovre ....
ovTc) in the two distributive clauses should be rendered posi-
tively in English. — koI yap tovs 'Hpa/cXeous, k. t. X.] The
allusion here is to the migration of the Dorians from the
northern regions into the Peloponnesus, under the name of
" The Return of the Descendants of Hercules." This ex-
pedition is represented as having been undertaken by the
descendants of Hercules in order to recover the rio;ht to the
dominion of the Peloponnesus, of which their illustrious
ancestor had been deprived by Eurystheus. Now the Athe-
nians, as it happened, had assisted them in making good
their claims ; which was considered as a kindness done to
the ancestors of the Thebans, because Hercules, when ex-
pelled from the Peloponnesus, was received at Thebes, and
became a The ban hero. The other act of kindness here
alluded to consisted in receiving QEdipus, their king, with
his children, when banished from Thebes in obedience to
the direction of an oracle. — This strikes me as a genuine
decree of Demosthenes. For, aside from its ereat lenmh,
which seems to have been characteristic of his decrees
(iEschin. contr. Ctes., § 100), it is characterized by his pe-
culiar magnanimity and reverence for the past.
188. hvTri .... TuvT(x)v\ " This was the beginning and
19
218 NOTES.
firsi establishment of affairs in regard to Thebes (i. e. of a
good understanding with Thebes), in matters previous to
these measures the cities having been drawn into hostilities,
and hatred, and distrust, by means of these," i. e. ^schines
and his associates.
189. *0 yap .... (TVKo<pavTrii\ " For the 3ounsellor^ and
the malicious accuser." The difference here pointed out
between these two characters is just and important. The
counsellor fearlessly gives such advice as the emergency
requires, and risks the consequences ; but the sycophant,
avoiding all responsibility by his silence on such occasions,
watches only for evils flowing from the measures of others*
at which to carp and find fault. The distinction is very
much the same as between the statesman and the mere
politician.
190. 'Hi/ /ieV .... Kaipbs] " That, therefore, as I said, was
the proper time." — eyw he ... . Trotov/xat] "I go so far."
vTrepjBoKrjv noiovpaL is a circumlocution equivalent to vneplSaX-
Vo). See F. L., p. 447, fin. — ivrju] " it was possible," i. e.
10 choose or adopt, Trpoaipiio-Qai being understood. See § 193.
— Et yap .... XaBclv] " For if there be any measure,
■vhich any one even now has discovered, which, if taken at
(hat time, would have been useful, I say that this ought not
to have escaped my notice." \av6aveiv^ though apparently
intransitive in many cases, properly takes the ace. K.
% 279, 4.
191. TovTovdi] " these," i. e. the Athenians.
192. a(l>e'iTaL\ " has been put aside," and therefore " is
ilisregarded." The orator proceeds to state in few words
what a counsellor or statesman has to do, and consequently
from what points of view his own measures should be judged
of in the scrutiny which he calls upon his enemies to sub-
ject them to. He has not, he observes, any thini; to do with
the past, but only with the present and future. His own
measures, therefore, should be judged of exclusively with
reference to the dangers which already existed, and those
NOTES. 219
which threatened them in future. Besides, it was the wis-
dom of his measures with reference to these two points of
time, and not their issue, which was to be considered ; since
the issue of all things is in the hands of the Deity, and
cannot be controlled by man. — rj de Trpoaipeo-is avrr]] " but
the very aim, plan, or motive" (of one's policy), i. e.
without reference to the results to which it had led. — did-
voiav] "purpose," " mind," "state of mind." See § 210.
193. cvecmja-dij.rjv'] "I instituted," "set on foot."
194. Ei S' 6 avfi^ds, K. T. X.] "But if the tempest {or
storm) that befell (i. e. the attack of Philip) has overpowered
not only us, but all the other Greeks, what ought to be
done t Why, just as one would do if a person should ac-
cuse of the shipwreck the owner of a ship who had done
eveiy thing for safety, and provided the vessel with every-
thing by which he supposed she would be secure, but which
afterwards encountered a storm, when her tackling labored
or even gave way altogether." av refers to a suppressed
predicate, to be supplied from the preceding verb, which
predicate is more definitely explained by ^ijcreiev below, with
which the particle is repeated. K. § 261, 4. vav<\t]pou
means the owner of the ship, or the one who fitted it out,
and not the pilot or captain. For the rendering given to the
participles in the latter part of the passage, see K. §§ 309,
3, (b) ; 312, 4, (a).
195. ovTcos .... Trpa^ai] " it was fated for us to come
off, or fare, thus." For this rendering of Trpa^ai, see § 252,
n. — v-rrep ov . . . . <pcovds] " for which (i. e. that the The-
bans might join themselves to him) he (Philip) used every
argument, or exerted all his power of lungs." — t^s /xax'?*]
" the battle," i. e. of Chaeronea, this being the decisive bat-
tle, in which the struggle with Philip ended. Chaeronea
was a city of BcBOtia, as Demosthenes here states, three
days' journey from Attica. — 'Ap' ola-d .... t6t€ 5' — ] " Do
yuu (yEschincs) know, that now, indeed (i. e. the counsela
of Demosthenes having been followed), to stand, to assem*
220 NOTES.
ble, to regain breath, many things of what tended to the
safety of the city one, two, and three days gave ; hut then'''*
— . The consequences intended to be implied are left to
the hearer's imaginatio i. The mark of interrogation is
wanting, on account of the incompleteness of the last clause.
vvv and TOTi are oppos> 'd to each other : and as the former
refers to the circumstam es of the case alluded to, the latter
must refer to what would have followed if events had taker
a different course. koI to npolBaXeadai .... ouixixax^iai'^
" and the placing before the city this alliance," i. e. the
protecting the city by the alliance with Thebes.
196. fioc] " on my part." Ethical dat. K. § 284, 3, (10),
d. — T^s avTTJs .... a'XXois] " you are guilty of the same
ignorance with others." aXXois is governed by rrjs avTrjs.,
which is an adjective of likeness. K. § 284, 3, (4; ; G.
§ 59, 5.
197. ov yap .... exp&)j^To] " for (had you proposed any
better measures) they would not have adopted these," i. e.
of mine. — orrep S' . . . . i^TjTaa-aL] " but what a man of the
most detestable character and most hostile to the city would
have done, this you have been found doing after the results
or calamities," i. e. bringing Demosthenes to trial as the
other sycophants did the friends of Athens, and conse-
quently enemies of Philip, in the other places mentioned
below. I'he phrase eVl to\s avp,3aaLv, " after the results,"
is introduced in opposition to ds ravra above, in order vo ex-
hibit jEsch'nes as maliciously active after the fate of Irs
country was decided, but stupidly indifferent while its fate
was pending.
198. KfuVoi .... dneKeLTo] "And yet, to whomsoever the
misfortunes of Greece were reserved, for him to becoine
famous by them." The peculiarity of the construction con-
sists in the fmite verb being used personally instead of im-
personally. See <^ 4, n. — k..\ utw .... ex^pols] " and to
whomsoever the same times an; profitable as to the enemies
a»f the city." Kai before toI? .... ex^pols- makes the construe-
NOTES. 221
tion coordinate, instead of leaving this dat. to be governed bj
ol airoL K. § 284, R. 3 ; C. § 59, R. 2. — ArjXot. S^] » Bu.
you show this," i. e. that he was no friend of his country. —
'fio-Trep .... KLvclrai.'] " As fractures and sprains, when any
evil (sickness) seizes the body, then are affected." Allusion
is here made to the physiological fact, that fractures and
sprains, which in a healthy state of the body have not been
felt for years, are discovered at once on the approach of
weakness or disease. Just so, the orator says, it was with
iEschines ; when the body politic was in a healthy state, he
took no part in public affairs ; but when it had suffered
injury, he at once made his appearance to censure those
who had remained constantly at their posts. See the same
illustration employed, Olynth. II., p. 21, to show the ten-
dency of an invasion of a country by an enemy to discover
to t]\e people the evils of a government, to which they have
been blinded by a brilliant succession of foreign cam-
paigns.
199. 'ETreiS^ .... eyKetrat] " But since he lays much
stress upon the issue or the calamities." — v-rvep^o'Kr^u'] " ex-
travagance." — ovh" ovTcos . . . . rju] " not even in this case
could the city have departed from these" (counsels of mine).
For the construction of the verbal here, see § 58, n. — dxe
Xoyov] " had an account," '' regard."
200. boKel] Used personally here. — rore .... tovtov]
" but in the other case, claiming to be at the head of the
other (Greeks), then relinquishing this." For npoeardmi,
see K. §§ 194, R. 3 ; 173, R. 2 ; C. § 39, 3. Observe
also the difference between the pres. and aor. part. ; the for-
mer denotes a continued claim, the latter a shrinking from
her usual position at the crisis referred to. — El yap ....
trp6youoi] " For if she had yielded this (i. e. taking the
lead in this contest) without a struggle, for which there is
no dano-er that our ancestors did not incur." aKoviri is a
gymnastic term, and means, literally, " without dust" ; de-
scriptive of one who retired from the palaestra without daring
19*
222 NOTES.
to wrestle, and consequently without the dust collected by
that exercise, oiid^va KLvbwov is for ovbe\s kiv8vvos, being at-
tracted into the case of its relative. See § 16, n.
201. TiVt S' . . . . TreTToiTjixei/oi] " But wi^h what eyes, by
■Jupiter, could we have looked upon those visiting the city
(i. e. any who might visit the city, as was done by thou-
sands, on account of its renown), if affairs had come to the
pass which they have now come to, and Philip had been
chosen leader and lord of all (the Greeks), while others,
without us, had made the struggle that these things might
not occur." The time of the tenses here is affected by ei
and aV, or, perhaps it should be said, by the nature of the
proposition. Butt. § 139, 10. See also Philip. I., § 1, n.
For the attractions which Athens presented to visitors, see
Isoc. Panegyr., pp. 49 and 50. — kuI ravra] A phrase of
frequent occurrence in Greek, and corresponding precisely
to our phrase " and that too." See § 282, n.
202. laxvpiov yevo[xeu(ov'\ " having bccn powerful," i. e. the
most powerful tribe in Greece. AUuding to the stale of
tilings after the Peloponnesian war, when the Lacedemoni-
ans enjoyed an ascendency in power over all the other
tiii)os ; which, however, as already mentioned, they lost at
Leiictra in a contest with Thebes. Now, even under these
circumstances, as Demosthenes says, when Athens was but
a secondary ower, she never would relinquish the right of
taking the lead of the other tribes in all struggles affecting
tlu! interests of the Gr(3eks generally. Reference is here
made to the rjycfiouia or precedency^ or leadings of which sc
much 3 said in Athenian history. — fxera .... npofaTuviu
' that <;hi^. would have gladly been given to the city wit!
many thajks, viz. to receive whatever it desired, and tc
retain its own possessions (if it would only submit) to pcr-
foiKi what was commanded by another, and allow soiiu; of
thi: o\\:c\- (Jrecks t(i take the precedcuicy." We have here
a kind of mctatluisis by which infinitives are put instead of
participles, in tlie clause expressing the condition on which
NOTES. 22,1
the concession would have been made, and participles in-
stead of infinitives in the clause stating the concession. By
this arrangement, the concession is ironically presented as
a privilege, since on the principles of aEschines it should be
regarded as such.
204. oi Kai, K. T. X.] Allusion is here made to the time
of the Persian war, when the Athenians, under Themisto-
cles, made great sacrifices in behalf of Greece, and gained
to lliemselves enduring renown.
205. Tov Trjs . . . . Trept/xeWi] " awaits the death of fate or
natural death," i. e. does not expose himself to death vol-
untarily, by incurring dangers in defence of his counti'v,
but waits till some extraordinaiy providence, or the regular
couree of nature, may bring him to an end. iJ.oip.-is is un-
derstood with eliiapfievTjs.
206. El ... . iTrexeifJovv] Denies the fact, and is followed
m the apodosis by the opt. with ai>. K. § 339, 3, a, /3. — as
npa] " that forsooth." See § 22 ; also Popular Orations,
VIII. § 4, note. — npoTjyuyov] "I incited," lit. "I led for-
ward," '• induced." Thus ditfering from npoa-dyeiv, which
means " to cany through to a result." — Trpompeaeis] " aims,"
" habits," " constant practice." — rm pewoi .... KarTjyopwv]
" but, indeed, I say that I share with vou the services con-
nected with each of the things done ; but this man [Ms-
chines) censuring all these measures," i. e. the measures
taken against Philip. In this passage the orator prepares
the way for what follows, viz. that in censuring him Jl^schi-
nes was at the same time censuring the people at large ;
since they had enacted and executed the measures which
he had proposed. For the construction of pereamt with a
genitive and dative, see K. § 273, 3, (b), (a) ; C. '§ 56, 4.
207. Tovb\] " this friend here," i. e. Ctesiphon. Ctesi-
phon had proposed to crown Demosthenes, on account of
the high value of his public 'Tvcrvices, especially in the con-
test with Philip. If now he were condemned for this, il
would be savincr, of course, tliat his measures were iio<
224 NOTES.
wise, and consequently that they had erred in following
ihem. — dyvcofjLnavuT]'\ " unkindness."
208. AXX' ovk €(ttlv^ k. r. X.] " But it is not possible," etc.
This is a passage of great celebrity, on account of its lofty
and impassioned eloquence. Longinus, in his treatise De
Sublimitate (§ 16), speaking of the use of rhetorical figures,
thus remarks upon it : — " Demosthenes is introducing a
proof in defence of his administration ; what now was the
simple way of expressing it .? ' You did not err, ye who
engaged in the contest in defence of the liberties of Greece,
and of this you have familiar examples ; for neither those
who fought at Marathon, nor those who fought at Salamis
nor those who fought at Platsea, erred.' But when, as if
suddenly inspired by a god, or possessed by Apollo, he
thundered out that oath, ' It cannot be that you erred, — no
by those who fought at Marathon ! ' he seems by one form
of the figure of adjuration, which I here call apostrophe, to
deify those ancestors (suggesting that it is proper to swear
by those having died so gloriously, as by gods), and inspire
his judges with the spirit of those heroes, while he has
changed a dry proof into the transcendent sublimity, pathos,
and cogency of unusual and surpassingly beautiful oaths,
and at the same time lodges in the hearts of his hearers a
certain consolatory and healing word ; till, being elated by
these encomiums, they come to esteem the battle with Philip
no less glorious than the victories at Marathon and Salamis.'*
The Athenians first met the Persians at Marathon ; hence
the use of irpoKivhwevaavTas. The same word is employed
by Thucydides, § 73. — 6 /^eV .... KexprivTai] " for what
was the part of brave men was performed by them all, but
the fortune which the divinity allotted to each of them that
'.hoy met." So, the orator would reason, has it been in the
[M-csont case ; we have acted the part of brave men, and
uiiL^lif to be honored as such, although we iiavc not boon
Kiif.cessful.
209. 2) . . . . ypiiix}iaTOKv(l>(ov\ ' O cxccrablc wretch anrl
NOTES. 225
servile scribe ! " The last of these nouns is derived from
ypdcfico and KiWa), from the stooping position of a scribe while
writing. The idea intended to be conveyed by the term is,
that he was a servile scribe, who, according to the Scripture
expression, " bowed down his back always " ; that he was
not in possession of an honorable post, but was an inferior
clerk, who was compelled to bend over his desk for a living.
Allusion is here made to the former occupation of ^schi-
nes, as a secretaiy to the petty magistrates. See § 261. —
TTooa. TovTa)v\] " from these," i. e. the Athenians. — cov rivos
.... ovToa-i ;] " what one of which did the present cause
need ? " i. e. what did any of these military proceedings
have to do with this question pertaining to civil matters ?
Demosthenes here alludes to the cases of victories, etc.,
cited by his* opponent, in his speech (§ 181), from the an-
cient history of Athens, in order to show how sparing the
Athenians had always been of public honors. But these
examples, he contends, had nothing to do with the case. —
'Efxe Se, . . . . eSei ;] " But, O actor of third parts, assuming
the spirit of whom was it proper for me, coming forward
(napiouTa) as Counsellor to the city concerning the prece-
dency, to ascend the Bema .' "
210. aTTo TTjs avT^9 diavuias] "with the same state of
mind," \^r <-- from the same principles." — d}^Xa to. pev, k. t. X.]
"■ but (it is necessaiy for you to judge) the conunon suits,
examining them bv private laws and facts, but public sys-
tems of policy, having reference to the renowned deeds of
our ancestors. iVnd it is necessary for you, if you would
do what is worthy of them, to consider, when you enter
upon the trial of public causes, that each one of you re-
ceives with the staff and the symbol the spirit of the city " ;
i. e. becomes, as it were, a representative of the general
tone of feeling, or spirit of the city, and therefore is bound
to maintain it in his decisions. In other words, the orator
reminds his judges that they are bound by the nature of
•heir office to decide public matters with referf^^ncc to the
226 NOTES.
general history and spirit of the nation. With o-Konelv^ 4m
often has this meaning (" with reference to," " by"). See
§§ 233, 294. d|tco/zaTa, in the plural, properly has the
meaning here given it. K. § 243, 3, (3) ; C. § 47, 7. The
^aKTTjpui was a staff handed to each judge on entering the
court in which he was to serve for the day, as a mark oi
judicial honor, and bore the number or emblem of the court.
The avfjLjSoXou was a ticket, by presenting which to the proper
officer he received his fee. The tablet, on which the name
of each judge was inscribed, and the number of the division
to which he belonged for the year, was called mvaKiou, and
consequently was quite distinct from the o-v^m^oXov^ though
generally confounded with it. Comp. Herm. § 134, 17.
211. 'A\U yap] » But (I must check myself) for." See
Xen. Anab. III. 2, 32 ; also § 42, n. — eanv a . . . . npa-
xd^i^Tcov] " there are some of the decrees and public doings
on that occasion which I omitted." He here returns to the
point from which he diverged at the beginning of § 196.
He was there speaking of his measures to secure the alii
ance of Thebes, the account of which he here resumes.
212. cos irtpcos] "very otherwise," i. e. adversely. See
§ 128, n. ^schines says these things, <5>§ 137, 141, 157 of
his speech. — awaiTios] " a contributory cause." Placed in
opposition to povos airios below. lias .... KaraparoTepos ;]
" How could there be a more savage and execrable calum-
niator ? "
213. EniSTOAH] The letter itself is wanting, which is
the case, also, with all the letters, decrees, laws, etc., from
this point. See Appendix. — €8rjpT]y6povv'] " they (i. e. the
ambassadors of Philip and his allies) harangued the people."
— To S' . . . . ^Attlktjv] " In short, therefore, they demanded
that they (i. c. the Thebans) should make a return for the
favors which they had received from Philip, but that they
should inflict punishment t'or the injuries which tliey had
received from you in which of two ways they prefer, eitiicr
oy letting ihcm ^'■^'■- ^^ (•■■^i'»iiians) pass through (i. e. through
NOTES. 9-27
BcEotia) against you, or by joining with them in an incur-
sion into Attica." To S' ovv KecjioXaiov is an adverbial ace.
in apposition with the following sentence. K. § 279, K. 8 ;
C. § 57, R. 9. — TTCTToudeaavl Observe the omission of the
augment in the pluperf. after a word ending in a vowel
which cannot be elided. K. § 120, E,. 2. — els .... (tvu-
Teivovr'l " but all tending to the same things."
214. Ta fiev .... vofiio-qre^ " these things, in all their par-
ticulars, I should esteem it a recompense for a whole life to
state, but I fear you, lest, since the times have passed away,
just as you would if you thought there had been a general
obliteration of the things, you may consider the account of
these things as a useless vexation." For the effect of the
eloquence of Demosthenes on the Thebans at the time here
referred to, see Plutarch's Life of Demosthenes. For the
grammatical resolution of wo-Trep ttv, see § 194, n.
215. eKokovv] "they called o?' invited," i. e. to march to
Thebes and unite with them against Philip. jEschines, in
his speech (p. 75), states that this assistance was sent out
before Demosthenes had proposed any decree on the sub-
ject. This seems to be a malicious falsehood, added by
him in publisbing his oration, and never uttered before the
• court. — viKeLoos] "cordially," i. e. by the Thebans. How
cordially they were received the orator goes on to atate, by
saying that they were received into the bosom of their fam-
ilies, while their own soldiers were encamped without the
walls. — TCI TL/jLidoTara] " the things most precious." A sort
of comprehensive summary'-, referring to nothing in particu-
lar, but designed to cover every thing of the kind which
had just been mentioned, like our term " whatever is most
sacred or dear." — KqItol .... aacfypoa-vvrjs'j "And, indeed,
on that day the Thebans exhibited to all men three of the
most honorable encomiums upon you ; one for bravery,
another for justice, the third for self-government, or conti-
nence." In the following sentences the orator proceeds to
show how tliev exhibited these encomiums. The first and
228 NOTES.
second they exhibited, he says, in uniting themselves "vvith
them instead of Philip, and the third, by receiving them so
unreservedly into the privacies of their families. — dfjLeivovs]
"braver." It is thus distinguished from KpelrTiov, which
means " more powerful." See § 146 ; also ^sch. adv.
Ctesiph.,§ ll,and Soph. Antig., V. 73. — Kal ....§'] "and
also," " and too." K. § 322, R. 7. — €(p' vfxh] eVi means
here " depending upon," " in the power of," = penes.
See Xen. Anab. III. 1, 17, 18, ef passim.
216. Kara y vp.ai\ " at least as far as you were concerned."
For the position of ye between a preposition and its noun,
see Jelf's K. § 735, Obs. 2. — olbeh .... eW/caXeo-ei/] " no
one accused you, not even unjustly." A genuine Demos-
thenian expression. — bis re ... . xet^epivrjv] " and twice
having fought in conjunction with them the first battles, that
at the river (probably the Boeotian Cephissus) and the battle
of the storm." Scarcely any thing is now known of these
battles, though they were doubtless familiar to those whom
the orator addressed. Thus much, however, is evident
from this account, that they were preliminary skirmishes
with Philip previous to the decisive battle of Chseronea.
That x^i-iiepivrjv cannot mean " in the winter," as some have
translated it, is shown by Mr. Clinton in his Fasti Hellenici,
Vol. II. pp. 352-354.
217. TTois ov . . . . Oeovs ;] " how does he not perform out-
rageous, or rather impious acts, if, of what things he made
the gods witnesses (i. e. by sacrifices, rejoicings, etc.), as
being most desirable, these he now demands of you (the
judges), who have sworn by the gods, to condemn as not
being the most desirable ? " Observe the inextricable di-
lemma in which he puts his antagonist by this enthymem.
See also § 196, and compare the other enthymems referred
to in § 139, n.
218. Qrj^iuoi .... e'/ioi] " but the Thebans, in thinking
that they luid been preserved by us, and it had happened to
those who, on account of what these men (such as /Eschines)
NOTES. 22S
did, seemed to be on the point of needing assistance (i. e.
the Athenians) for them to lielp others (the Thebans), from
tvhoit you listened to me in," i. e. from his measures. — ij
e/i^ o-vvexeta, k. t. X.] " my perseverance, etc." Demosthe-
nes here refers to his long course of active opposition to
Philip, in which he had not only proposed measures, but
gone on embassies (77X07/01), and toiled in almost eveiy ca-
pacity. See § 237.
219. KaXKiarpaTos, k. t. X.] Callistratus, here referred to
as renowned (eWt^os), was the orator who first incited De-
mosthenes to the study of eloquence, by his celebrated
speech concerning Oropus. The others are often referred
to by Demosthenes as famous orators of his times. See
§§ i62, 251. Observe the omission of the connective be-
fore erepoi. K. § 325, 1, (e). — ovk av enpeo-^evaep] " would
not have gone on an embassy," or " was not accustomed to
go on embassies." K. § 260, 2, (2), (^) ; C. § 73, 3, 2). —
'YneXeLire .... dva(popdv'] '' For each of them resei-ved to
himself, not only leisure, but also, if any thing (adverse)
happened, the liberty of excusing himself." dm(t)opd seems
to be used here as dvacpepeiv often is. See dveveyKe^v eV
eV-etvous-, § 224. This use of apa piv .... apa he is not un-
common in representing two things as belonging to the
predicate equally at the same time. See § 219 ; also Xen.
Anab. III. 4, 19.
220. SicrT OVK ... . npd^€L€v] " SO that it did not seem to
me to allow any opportunity for, or even thought of, one's
own safety, but that one should be contented, if, having
neglected no duty, he should do whatever the crisis de-
manded." The substitution of wpav for x'^P^^i made by
Dissen, seems uncalled for, and, on all grounds, undesirable
221. Tvxov] "perhaps." This meaning grows out of the
use of the part, in the ace. absolute. K. § 312, 5.
222. dTroirecjjevyoTa] " having escaped without censure,'
or " having been acquhted." The same legal terms are
not unfrequently applied by Demosthenes to things as U-
20
230 NOTES.
persons. See F. L., p. 399, init., where this word is used
of a person.
223. nporepov'j " formerly." For the occasion on which
the decree of Aristonicus was proposed, see § 80, seq. —
oi/'re .... o-vyKaTT)y6pT](T€v^ " nor did he abet him who did
prosecute them." — Kalroi .... eVepa] " And yet at that
time he might have prosecuted Demomeles and Hyperides,
who proposed these things, if, indeed, he now brings true
charges against me, with much more reason than he does
this man (Ctesiphon). Why? Because it is possible for
him (Ctesiphon) to appeal to them (Demomeles and Hype-
rides), and to the decisions of the courts (i. e. which in this
and similar cases had been made in favor of Demosthenes),
and to the fact that he himself (^Eschines) has not accused
them (Demomeles and Hyperides), who proposed the same
things which this man (Ctesiphon) now has, and the fact,
also, that the laws no longer permit (i. e. after a case of
the same kind had been decided in his favor) to accuse on
account of things thus pubjiicly done (or '' carried through,"
" settled "), and many other things." That is to say, as he
had already been tried in a case of precisely the same kind,
and received a verdict in his favor, the present trial was
like putting him twice in jeopardy for the same thing, and
hence was not allowed by the laws.
224. Tore d\ . . . npoXa^elv] "but at that time the cause
would have been decided by itself, before it had gained any
of these advantages." For irpoKa^elv in this sense, see
§ 314.
225. olpm] Ironical, like our " 1 trow." Demosthenes,
of coiu'se, had no doubt on the subject. It is often thus
used. See § 46. — prjT av . . . . prjdiiuai] " nor would have
expected to hear spoken of at this day." — ti Xe'-yeti/] " to say
something to the purpose." This use of ti is analogous to
thai of rts for peyns^ — the idea being that of "something
weighty," " important," or " pertinent to the subject."
226. ol Xo'yotJ " the arguments," " proofs." — Trap'] " at
NOTES. 231
the same time with." See § 13, n. The action had been
deferred by iEschines about six years, in ordei to brin"
it on in times more favorable to his cause. See <5> 19, n.
227. oral/ .... \oyiCT]a6e] " when thinking that there re-
mains a balance of money (in your favor), vou have a
reckoning with some one." — KaQapaX .... V'^^oi] "clear
accounts," i. e. balanced. Accounts were cast by the use
of pebbles, which, to express debt and credit, were placed
opposite each other on corresponding lines, a given value
being always indicated by a given situation. In balancing
accounts, pebbles were removed from one side for debits
and from the other for credits, and if, in this way, both
sides became cleared at the same time, the account was
balanced. This sufficiently explains the expression under
consideration, and also the phrase riBch ^rjcfjovs, § 229. —
avyxoopelre] " you yield," i. e. change your mind on this
point. The sophism of ^Eschines, here referred to, is found
in §§ 59, 60 of his speech. — a-adpou] " rotten."
228. virapxova-qs vTToXi^yj/eais] " the existing opinion."
229. ov Tidels .... Xoyicrpos) ] " not casting accounts (for
this is not the way of estimating public measures)." Seo
§ 227, n.
230. durl 5e . . . . TToXe/ioi^] " instead of pirates from Eu-
boea plundering us, that Attica on the side of the sea was
in peace during the whole war." (f)€peiv Ka\ ayetv, like agere
et fere^ mean together " to plunder," referring originally
to the different kinds of property that were the objects of
plunder.
231. *H Sell/ .... KCK6pL<j6e\ " Or that it is necessary to
cancel these deeds (i. e. by what ^schines had done), and
not rather to take care that they shall be presented in mem-
ory through all times } And I do not now add, that the
cruelty which may be witnessed where (eV oh) Philip be*
came thoroughly master of any, it happened to others to
experience, but that, of the kindness which he feigned,
amimg at {Trepi^aXKopevoi) the remaining interests (i. e. the
232 NOTES.
acquisition of the states yet unsubdued), you, by the bless-
ing of God, have enjoyed the fruit." That is to say, by
holding out against Phihp, in accordance with the advice of
Demosthenes, they had enjoyed the advantage continually
of this insinuating policy, — which was continued, indeed,
even after the battle of Chseronea. For this use of KoKag
TToiovvres, see Viger's Idioms, p. 779 ; also Dem. Pop. Orat.
I. 28, note.
232. irapadeiyixaTa] " illustrations," " comparisons." Sucli
as that above cited, concerning the accounts.- — iraw yap
.^ . . 'e\\tjv<ou] " for the interests of Greece (don't you
see.?) depend much upon this." The question gives point
to the irony. Demosthenes here alludes to the strictures
which ^schines (§§ 72, 166, 207, of his speech) had be-
stowed upon his style and manner of speaking. This,
doubtless, might easily be done, since a person of such
vivid ideas and intense feeling would be likely, at times, to
commit some improprieties in language and gesture.
233. €7r avTcov tcov epyav'j " with reference to the actual
realities." epyav evidently stands opposed to p^pa and ^'fipa
ubove. For this use of cttj', see § 210, n.
234. KepKvpa] " Corcyra." A large island off the coast
of Epirus. This, with the other important islands here
named, was formerly in a kind of dependent alliance with
Athens, but had revolted from her in the Social War, which
occurred shortly before the contest with Philip. See § 17,
n. — rjv Trpoe^eiXeypeya] " had been collected in advance."
Of course, then, he had no more to expect for the year, nor
any means of making the annual assessment larger, in order
to meet the emergency. — otVetW] " domestic or city forces."
Called (^ 237) ttoXitikcop ^wdp-ecop. — ovtol'\ " these," i. e.
^schines and his associates. — exdpas .... iyyvTep<o]
" nearer enmity than friendship."
235. napa] " excepting," " contraiy to," " besides." A
common meaning with an accusative. See Orat. de Chers.
§ 76. — Tjpx^e .... u>v] " he led those following h'm, being
NOTES. 233
himself absolute." That is to say, he was not simply a
general, subject to the direction of some government which
had commissioned him, nor even a prime minister, respon-
sible to his people, but an absolute king at the head of his
subjects. This of course gave him a great advantage in
war, as it enabled him at all times to act with promptness
and decisioi., without being embarrassed by the slow pro-
cess of gainmg the popular consent to every measure befoie
he could enter upon it. See a parallel passage, Dem. F. L.,
p. 399. — eW .... aet] "then these (his soldiers) always
had arms in their hands," i. e. were always engaged in war,
and, consequently, experienced soldiers.
236. AvTo yap .... /Se/SouXfu/xeVot] " For this very right
of addressing the people, in the first place, which alone I
shared in (i. e. which was his only power), you extended
equally to his hirelings (i. e. Philip's) and to me, and in
what things these (hirelings) had the advantage of me (and
these were many from the specious pretexts with which dif-
ferent m.easures were put forward), these having decided
upon in favor of the enemies, you broke up the assembly."
And thus they prevented him from getting his plans ap-
proved. The phrase dC ^v eKaarov Tvxot 7rp6(f)aaiv means
literally, " through the pretexts which each thing might
find," i. e. through various specious pretexts.
237. oacop] By attraction instead of oaa. This is used,
and not the simple relative, because it refers to quantity
(" the greatest as," instead of " as great as.")
238. El 5e Xeycts-, k. r. X.] " But if, iEschines, you speak
of our rights towards the Thebans, or towards the Byzan-
tians, or towards the Eubceans, or contend for equality now,"
i. e. an equal distribution of the expenses of the war among
the allies, on the occasion referred to. vvv\^ therefore stands
opposed to Trporepov in the same line. The oiatot, having
just spoken of the allies which he had gained for Athens in
tlie struggle with Philip, takes occasion here to allude to an
objection which ^schines had made in his speech (^ 137.
20 * "
234 is' O T E S .
seq.) to the conditions upon which some of these allies had
been received, as they were required to bear but a smal'
portion of the expenses. This policy he justifies, first, by
an appeal to the example of their forefathers at the battle
of Salamis in the war with Persia, and then by stating that
upon no other condition could they have been kept from
joining themselves to Philip, and thus augmenting his
strength. — eKeivcov] For the position of this word between
the article and its noun, see § 71, n. — tcov aXXcov] Gov-
erned by dnrXdo-ia, which implies a comparison. K. § 275,
2 ; C. § 54, 1.
239. Etra .... e/xe] " Then surely you show worthless
favors to these (the Athenians) in accusing me." That is
to say, his advice came too late to be worth any thing, — it
was but a cheap wisdom, which did not come till after the
event. — evebex^ro] " was possible o?" practicable." — - 6 yap
.... eroLnos] " for he who was bidding against us (i. e.
Philip) was ready both to receive them at once, if driven
from us, and to give them money besides." Of course,
then, there was no opportunity for chaffering with them, in
order to see how large a proportion of the expenses they
would bear ; they were to be received on their own condi-
tions, if at all.
240. ri av] av here is prospective, and hence is repeated
below. K. § 261, 3 ; C. § 73, 7. — e/xoC .... dKpL^oXoyov
fxevov] " I chaffering about these things."
241. Sm BvCavTicov] " by means of the Byzantians," i. e.
through their influence and cooperation. The orator is still
describing what his enemies would have said, if the allies
in question had gone over to the interest of Philip on ac-
count of too hard conditions being required of them ; and
m doing this he makes them state what he conceived would
liave been the consequences of such an event. He has
passed, however, from the oblique to the direct form of
discourse ; since he personates, as it were, the accuser, and
utters his sentiments. K. '^ 345, R. 5.
NOTES. 235
242. TovTo be ... . TTarpihi ;] " but this apologv for a man
IS a fox even by nature, never fronn the first having done
any thing wholesome or noble, a very tragic ape, a rustic
(Enomaus, a counterfeit orator. For in what does thy
eloquence come to the aid of thy countiy i " rdvOpoimov
(=z TO dvdp(^7nov) is a diminutive from 6 nvdpcoTros, and seems
to refer to the size of jEschines. avros, in avruTpayiKos., re-
tains something of its exclusive meaning, = " himself, if
there ever was one." ehcvO^pov here = eXevdepiov^ as it fre-
quently is. The language in this passage is very harsh,
and shows something of the Scythian blood, with which the
orator was often reproached by his enemies. But it should
be recollected that a most malicious attack had been made
upon his reputation by an old and embittered enemy. The
reader will call to mmd a passage in Mr. Webster's reply
to C. J. Ingersoll's strictures upon his course in making the
Ashburton Treaty, of equal severity, and very similar in
language and spirit.
243. "Qarrep av] " This is altogether analogous to v.hat
he would do." See § 194, n. — aadevovat .... elaio^v]
"visiting the feeble laboring under disease." — tci vopiCo-
fieva] " the customary funeral rites." — to kuI t6] " this and
that." K. § 247, 3, (b) ; C. § 49, R. 1. We have here a
fine specimen of the happy manner of Demosthenes in
summing up and condensing into a single burning illustra-
tion the scope and gist of a long argument. See, also
§198.
244. TTjv fjTTav] "the defeat," i. e. of Chseronea. — yeyo-
t^lav] " having happened," or " to have happened." A
part, used in the same relation as an infin. K. § 310, 4,
(b). — nWodev ovbapoOev] " from no Other place whatever."
Adverbs ending in 3ev are much used by Demosthenes in
sweeping statements. See §§ 242, 252. — ra reXeirala]
"finally," "last of all." — X(5ya)] "by word," or "force
•jf argument." This is opposed to oTrXot? in the same line.
What Philip's ambassadors had been defeated in by argu-
ment, Philip himself had subverted by arms.
236 NOTES.
245. Tavr] '^ This," i. e. to prevent the success of Philip's
arms. — fxaXaKlav] "timidity," "cowardice," i. e. in desert-
ing his place in the ranks at the battle of Chseronea. See
§<^ 148, 152 of the speech of ^schines. — d^ia>v .... ye-
veaOaL] " demanding of me but a single individual to be
superior to." This, of course, was strangely inconsistent
with his charge of cowardice. — a-Kaios] " awkward," " per-
verse," " inconsistent."
246. ov napaiTovfiaL] " I do not beg off," " I do not shrink
from it." — TO. TTpdynara ap^o/xem] " difficulties in their in-
cipient state." rrpayp-ara often has this meaning. See
§§ 20, 292, et passim. — a TroAmKo] "which are native or
natural." Democracies like those of Greece are specially
liable to these faults. ttoXitiko. = otVela, as in §§ 234 and
237. — TO Kar e/xe] " as far as I am concerned." The ar-
ticle gives a substantive meaning to the preposition with its
case. See § 247, fin.
247. Ticri] " by what means." — tovs .... Troay/xdrwi^j
" those intrusted with the conduct of affairs." — Kal ixrjv ....
TrptT/rat] " Besides, by not allowing myself to be bribed by
money, I have conquered Philip ; for as the bidder has con
quered the one who receives the price, if he purchase him."
For Kal ;jiT]v^ see ^ 14, n. The whole of this paragraph is
an extremely ingenious exculpation of himself from all
blame in the defeat which his countiy had suffered ; but
especially this closing sentence, m which he claims even to
have conquered Philip.
248. ^A fj.€v . . . . epov] " What, therefore, I contributed
towards its being just for this man (Ctesiphon) to propose
such things concerning me." iya is opposed to vpeh below,
which, of course, is nominative to napeax^o-de understood.
Having stated what he had done to render such a decree as
that of Ctesiphon proper, the orator proceeds in this para-
graph to state what the people generally, and the judges in
particular, had done to warrant it. — ep^€^r]Ka)s] " having
entered into," or " b(iing in the midst." This pnrti'^'iple
NOTES. 237
agrees with drjfios above. — tjvIk .... npbs e/xe] " when it
were nothing remarkable for the muUitude to have treated
me harshly." av is often omitted thus with the indicative
of the historical tenses in conditioned clauses, especially in
expressions denoting duty, probability, possibility. K.
§ 260, R. 3. The difference between the forms with and
without av serms to be something like that between ivere
and would have been, as used for each other, to some ex-
tent, in English. — at Td(f)poL\ " the trenches," i. e. around
the city. — a-iroivrju] " commissioner to supply the scarcity
of corn." The appointment of such commissioners, ac-
cording to Hermann (§ 150, 11), was resorted to only on
extraordinary occasions, there being regularly fifteen mag-
istrates, called Sitophylaces, to regulate the corn trade.
249. crvaravTcou] " having conspired." Demosthenes here
alludes to the attempts made by his enemies, soon after the
battle of Chseronea, to procure his condemnation. For this
purpose, as he goes on to state, they brought against him,
not personally, but by instigating to it such persons as they
would be least suspected of having in their service, eveiy
species of trial. — rfiv rjnepav iKdaTT]u'\ " every single day."
The article adds definiteness and emphasis. K. § 246, 6.
— aTTovoia] " recklessness," '' desperateness." This quality
of the individual here mentioned, as is the case, also, with
the qualities attributed to other individuals whose names
follow, fitted him for the service in which he was employed ;
hence it is that these qualities are singled out. This pas-
sage is thus imitated by Cicero (Cat. III. 7) : " Quem qui-
dem ego quum ex urbe pellebam, hoc providebam animo,
Quirites, remoto Catilina, nee mihi P. Lentuli somnum,
nee L. Cassii adipem, nee Cethegi furiosam temeritatem
;)ertimescendam." — tovtocs] Dative of the agent after
dneiparov, the verbal being equivalent to the perf. pass. part.
K. § 234, 1, (i). — TovTO yap .... diKaaTotv] " for this (i. e.
that he had been justly acquitted) is both confirmed by
facts {d\r]des), and is for the credit of (vwep) judges undei
238 NOTES.
oath, and decidinn- what is in accordance with their oaths.'
For this meaning of aXrjOes^ see aKrjdeiap below, § 250.
250. Tus eldvvas €Trear]fxaive(T6i\ " you approved my ac«
counts," i. e. by signing or sealing them, after having ex-
amined them. See Boeckh's Pub. Econ. Ath. p. 193. — n
irpoarjKiv .... ovoyLci ;] " what name was it proper or just that
Ctesiphon should give to the things done by me } " That
IS to say, What ought he, under these circumstances, to
have denominated them, whether good or bad ? Alluding
to the language of the decree, where he had affirmed that
Demosthenes had always said and done what was for the
good of the people. rriv dXrjBeiav .... ^€J3aiovcrav] " the
truth confirming or rendering conclusive all things." Re-
ferring to the results of these trials, and the examinations
of his accounts, which had shown him to be innocent.
251. aXXa .... (jivydu^ " but the example of Cephalus is
honorable, never to have been indicted." The person here
alluded to was an Athenian orator of great distinction, who
flourished during the Peloponnesian war, and who, though
for a long time engaged in public affairs, was never indicted.
Demosthenes, having spoken of the approbation which had
been bestowed upon his conduct by his having been often
acquitted in previous tr'dls relating to these matters, alludes
to this example of Cephalus (cited by TEschines in his
speech, § 194, ao presenting a' very strong contrast to that
of his rival), in order to show that the contrast in this re-
spect argued nothing against him, and indeed, that, as far
as iEschines was concerned, no such contrast existed be-
tween him and Cephalus, since, whatever others might have
done, he had never indicted him. — iv . . . . dLKaicos ;] " should
on this account justly come under censure ? " — ovbffxlav
.... ypa(^r]v\ For a personal ace. in addition to a cognate
ace. see K. § 208, 1 ; C. § 58, 1.
252. dyvcojjLoavvTjp .... ^aaKavlav] " his unfairness and
slanderousness." Demosthenes here alludes to the ma-
licious remark of his adversary, that an evil fortune had
NOTES. 239
alwaj'^s attended him, and that nothing could prosper with
which he had any thing to do. See §§ 114, 135, 158, 253,
of his speech. — ^u yap .... eVepw;] " for how is it proper
to speak of or reproach another for this, whicli he who is
persuaded that he enjoys best, and possesses in the highest
degree, does not know whether it will remain such till
evening.? " For the meaning here given to fieXno-Ta irpdr-
T€iv, see ajj.€Lvov TrpaTTCLv, § 254. Observe, also, the differ-
ence between vopi^oiv and olopevos^ the former expressing a
nnich higher degree of confidence than the latter. — dpSpco-
TTivoiTepov] " more humanely," " more kindly."
253. Aciidcovalov] " Dodonian." An epithet of Jupiter
derived from Dodona, a city of Epirus, where was a cele-
brated oracle dedicated to him. As this was an oracle of
great authority, it was much resorted to both by individuals
and states, in order to learn their destiny. It would seem,
from this passage, that it had pronounced favorably upon
the destiny of Athens. I have removed the brackets from
Koi TOP 'AttoXXo t6v Uvdiov, since the reading seems to be
sustained by other passages in Demosthenes. See Epist.
IV. p. 1487. — ^ vvu enex^i] " which now possesses them,"
or " prevails." Referring to the victories of Alexander.
254. To pev .... TTjv TTo'Xij/] " Therefore, the choosing
the most honorable course, and the coming off better than
those very Greeks who thought that they should live in
prosperity if they deserted us, I ascribe to the good fortune
of the city ; but in the want of success {lit. the collision or
bringing up against something), and all things not happen-
ing to us as we desired, I think that the city has received
the part of the fortune of others falling to us." €Tn[3a\\op
is a participle, and means here " falling upon," or " hap-
pening to."
255. a^iw] "I think," or "judge." dyaO^s Ka\ peydXrjs]
These adjectives agree w\h n'^v? understood, which, in
turn, is governed by <vp repav understood.
256. TTpos] '• in comparison with." A meaning similar to
240 NOTES
that of eni with o-KOTrea. See § 210, n. — yl/vxpoTrjTo] " cold
heartedness," " unfeelingness," i. e. in raking up things
against ^schines for which he was not personally guilty, but
which belonged to his fortune. Referring obviously to the
same state of feeling implied in p^aXeTrou below. His apolo-
gy, then, is, that the severity of iEschines upon him made
it necessary for him to defend himself with the same
weapons. — Ik tcov ivovToiv] "considering the existing ma-
terials."
257. alaxpov] " disgraceful or servile." Such as he rep-
resents ^Eschines as having been obliged to resort to for
a support, on account of his poverty. — ctKoKovda tovtoh^
" things in keeping with these," i. e. with what he had just
represented himself as having done while a boy. What
some of them were, the orator proceeds to state, viz. "to
defray the expense of choruses employed at the public
festivals and theatrical exhibitions, to be at the charge of
fitting out galleys for the public service, and the contributing
of money to the state." These were duties which fell by
law upon the more wealthy, or were undertaken voluntarily
bv tne more patriotic citizens, and hence were of a highly
honorable nature. — KaXd y] "honorable at least." This
character, he says, not even his enemies had ever denied to
his measures, though they had not been successful.
258. Kai TToXX' .... napaXdnw] "and, although I might
speak many other things concerning it, I omit them." ap
here gives to the participle ex(ov the sense of the optative,
according to a familiar principle of Greek grammar, while
at the same time, by another principle, the participle con-
veys the restrictive idea, " although." Compare § 50, n.
— atfjiuos] "dignified," "illustrious." To be taken iioni-
cally. — cilia .... Trpoae^pevoiu] " attending with your father
at tlie school," i. e. as a drudge, his father having been
spoken of in a previous passage (§ 129) as a slave of the
schoolmaster Elpias. That this was the capacity in which
he was employed is evident, also, from the description whicn
NOTES. 241
follows of llie services which he performed, such as mixing
ink, clean .no; the benches, and sweeping the school-room.
259, 260. dvTjp 8e . . . . vefj'Xara] " but having becon.e a
man, you read for your mother, engaged in the rites of ini-
tiation, the books (containing the forms of initiation), and
assisted her in performing the other rites ; by night prowling
around in fawn-skins, and gulping down goblets of wine,
and purifying the novitiates, and rubbing them down v/ith
clay and bran, and, having caused them to rise up from the
cleansing, directing them to say, ' I escaped the bad, I found
the better ' ; priding yourself on no one's being able to
shout so loud, and I certainly agree with you (for you can-
not think that he speaks so magniloquently without being a
magniilcent shouter) ; and by day leading through the
streets those fine troops of Bacchanals crowned with fennel
and white poplar, squeezing the copper-colored snakes and
holding them above your head, and crying Ei'oe Saboe
and dancing Hyes Attes ! Attes Hyes ! being saluted by
the old crones as guide, leader, box-bearer, basket-carrier
and by such like titles, receiving as a compensation for
these services sops, twists, and fresh flour-cakes." I have
thought best to translate this passage entire, as it contains
an unusual number of technical expressions, the meanings
of which are not easily ascertained. The rites here alluded
to appear to have been a strange intermixture of Phrygian
and Bacchic rites, celebrated by the superstitious and vulgar.
The mother of ^schines, it would seem, was employed to
superintend the rites of initiation to this worship, and alsa
to teach the forms of the worship itself to the novitiates, in
which her son assisted her. As to the different parts of the
ceremonies here described, it will be necessaiy to remark
upon only a few. The ceremony of clothing the novitiates
in fawn-skins had allusion to the goat-formed Satyrs by
which Bacchus was represented as being attended. The
formula translated, " I escaped the bad, I found the better,"
was one which every child at Athens, on arriving at a certain
21
242 NOTES.
age, was made to pronounce, with certain attendant cere
monies symbolical of the thing signified, in allusion to the
happy change which had taken place in their mode of liv-
ing since the ancient times, when the inhabitants fed on
roots and acorns. This formula also, it would seem, was
pronounced by novitiates on their initiation into the mysteries
of the worship of Bacchus, as implying that by these rites
they were restored to the favor of their god. napelas is sup-
posed by some to be derived from Trapeid, " a cheek," in
allusion to the fulness of the cheeks of the snakes here
spoken of; but see the word in Liddell and Scott. 2a/3oi
was originally the name of a Phrygian deity, but, from the
similarity of the character and woi'ship of Bacchus, the
name was applied to him also by his worshippers. "Arrrji^
also, was a name applied to Bacchus, and for the same
reason, it having originally belonged to the Phrygian god-
dess Cybele ; and "Ytjs was an epithet which he derived
from his niother Semele, who was sometimes called "Y;;.
These were all forms of enthusiastic invocation to Bacchus,
employed by his devotees in the frenzied excitement of their
worship. In these rites ^schines is represented as having
acted as leader and guide to the novitiates, bearing the
basket and the box, in which were contained the image of
Bacchus and other sacred symbols, and as surpassing them
all in the holy shout. The articles of food, which he is
said to have received as a recompense for these sen'ices,
are to be regarded as choice bits presented him by the de-
vout old women by whom he was surrounded. In conclu-
sion, I refer the reader to Horace, B. 2, Ode 19, as throw-
ing some light on the phraseology employed in some parts
of this passage.
261. oTrcocrSi^TTore] " in whatever way you plea^^e," or " in
some way or other." This adverb is thrown in to suggest
a doubt as to the legitimacy of his citizenship. See a simi-
lar use of the word, Olyn. III. x^ 7. — apxi^iois] '• inferior
inagistrates " A diminutive from apxTj. — 7rdv6'] '"all,"
KOTKS. 243
i e. the diso;raceful thinijs. The orator here intimates that
his adversary, in accusing others of crimes and scandalous
things, drew from his own experience.
262. ovdeu Tu>v Trpovnrjpyfieucov] " nothing of those things
commenced in early life.'"* The idea here intended to be
conveyed is, that iEschines fully sustained in after life the
bad reputation which he acquired while young. 7rpov7TT]pype-
va>v is the perf. pass. part, of npovndpxoi- — toIs .... cTxi/ca-
Aou/ieVois-] " called groaners." So called, probably, on ac-
count of their unnatural and extravagant exhibition of pa-
thos in their representations on the stage. — oTrcopayvrjs]
" fruit-dealer." According to some, this is to be taken as
thc! name of a man notorious for stealing fruit, whose ex-
ample iEschines was represented as imitating. In most
editions, also, TrAet'co, in the next line, is made to agree with
Tp ivp-ara^ which, in these editions, stands expressed in the
sentence. But this Becker included in brackets, as of doubt-
ful authority, and Dindorf, in his text, rejected entirely. As
it stands here, TrXeio) must be understood as meaning '' more
profit," but in the other case, " more wounds," i. e. more
from tliC owners of the fruit than from their audience, on ac-
count of the wretchedness of their acting. — SeiAous] " cow-
ards." Alluding to the charge of cowardice which jEschi-
nos had made against him.
263. avTo. .... KaTTjyoprjpara] " I will proceed to the very
[avTu) accusations of thy character or nature." That is to
say, such accusations as refer to him personally, and not,
like the preceding, to his circumstances. — Xayw /3tW] "the
life of a hare," i. e. a timid, fearful life, continually expect-
ing, while his country was triumphant over him and his
party, the punishment which he was conscious of deserving.
264. ov yap .... Xeyeiu] " for I do not think it necessary
o speak indiscriminately, all the disgraceful and reproach-
ul things which 1 mjght show to pertain to this fellov/."
265. (BelSicopeva] "the course of life pursued." — 'ES/Sa-
oKes . . . . eo-vpiTTou] "You taught school, I attended ; you
244 NOTES.
performed the rites of initiation, I was one of the initiated ,
you served in the chorus, I defrayed the expense ; you acted
as a scribe to the assembly, I harangued it ; you sei-ved as
a third-rate actor, I was one of the audience ; you were
driven from the stage, 1 hissed you." This contrast be-
twesn their respective courses of life is veiy ingeniously
conducted. It is a summai-y of all that had previously been
said of the difference between their fortunes, and is so
managed as to represent ^Eschines as the servant and
drudge, and himself as a gentleman of liberal and gene.DUS
pursuits, sometimes enjoying and sometimes rewarding the
drudgery of his rival, and in all cases his superior. Foi
this meaning of eKTriTrreti', see § 186, fin.
266. o-oi .... Kivdvveveis di] " but to you it is to seem to
be a sycophant, and you have at stake." The contrast, it
will be observed, is still kept up here.
267. duayvco] " let me read." It is not to be understood,
however, that he read the records in question himself, but
caused them to be read, as he says below, addressing the
clerk, Aeye ray fjiapTvp'uis. — prjaeis a? eXvprjvo)^ 'Mhe hnes
which you murdered." Alluding to his bad pronunciation
of these lines in speaking them on the stage. The first of
the lines is from the Hecuba of Euripides (v. 1), and the
other from an unknown source. There is, however, a
couplet in Soph. Antig. (vv. 27G, 277) very similar in sen-
timent. — Ku\ KOKov, K. T. X.] "and thee, evil m.an, may the
gods above all, and then all these judges, evilly destroy."
268. ovdev av et7roi/xi] " I would say nothing." The mo-
dosic of the following clause, which is introduced by ei. K.
^. 339, 1. — TLvai'] i. e. prisoners of war. See F. L., p.
394. — (Tui/e^tScoKj] "helped dower," i. e. assisted those in
humble circumstances in furnishing their daughters with
tiie requisite dower for a respectable marriage. Which
was often done at Athens. See Lys. pro Bon. Aristoph.
p. 659.
269. oi^rco] Refers to what follows, as ui ^ 138. — eu ttu-
NOTES. 245
BovTo] " having received favors." Opposed to TTOLrjo-avra,
" having done favors," below. — jiiKpov .... oveibi^eiv^ " is
virtually to disparage them.'' The sentiments expressed in
this passage are exceedingly elevated and refined, — every
way worthy of a disciple of Plato. For the government of
/ztAfpoO, see § 151.
270. dOu>os] " uninjured by." Demosthenes, almost sin-
gle-handed, had resisted Philip from the beginning, and
migh% therefore, if any had escaped falling into his power,
jusly claim to have been the cause of it.
271. (popdu .... eSct] " a certain irresistible rush or
course of events, and such as was out of the ordinary
course of nature " {lit. was not necessary or proper). An
Attic euphemism, intimating something very disastrous.
See § 133, n.
272. Trapa tovtoictI] " in conjunction with these " (the
Athenian people). This is said to show that the people had
cooperated with him, and that therefore, as he goes on to
sav, anv blame thrown upon him was at the same time
thrown also upon them. — ^v av] '- it would have been
proper," or "• there would have been an opportunity."
273. eV KOLUM .... o-ATOTreiv] " and the chy offered in pub-
lic (i. e. to all) the liberty of considering what was for the
best." That is to say, as the orator has remarked once
before, all othei-s, equally with himself, had the right of
proposing and discussing public measures. — ov yap . . . .
TLyLOiv] " for YOU did not out of good-will surely relinquish
to me hopes (i. e, of praise and reward), and admiration,
and honors." The genitives are governed by 7ra/)e;^d)pets,
v\]iich implies separation. K. § 271, 2 ; C. § 55, 5.
274. Uapa pev .... roiavra] '' Among all Other men,
/horefore, I see some such principles as these laid down and
established." What these are, the orator proceeds to tell in
an indirect way, by first stating ca.ses of conduct, and then
stating how they were usually treated. See the same figure,
^ 117. — opyfju .... Tipcopiai/ .... avyyv<x>pT]vj Goveriir'd
•21 *
246 NOTES.
in the same way as ra roiavra, with which they are in appo-
sition. The three degrees of delinquency described in these
and the following cases correspond to what is indicated in
our language by " wrongs," " errors," and " misfortunes."
See § 72. — ov . . . . aTrdvTcov] " failed of success in com-
mon with all." — avvaxdeadai] " to grieve with," " sympa-
thize with."
276. avTos] " he himself," i. e. ^Eschines. — e/ceXcvei/]
'' charged you." — ottoos- fxr]] The fut. indie, after these par-
ticles definitely implies the possibility of the result referred
to. K. § 330, 6. — 8eiu6v ..... o-ocjiLa-Trjv'] "vehement, as
well as a juggler and a sophist." See ^sch. "§§ 16, 207,
215. — KOL brj . . . . c'x^vTa] " now that not only these things
are thus," i. e. applicable to another, rather than to himself.
exovTa is in the ace. plur. absolute, depending upon ws (" as
if") in the previous line. K. § 312, 6, (c).
277. deivoTTjTo] " vehement eloquence." This sentence,
it will be perceived, is incomplete, the orator having stopped
in the midst of it, at the mention of the word here quoted,
as if about to retract it, since the use of it acknowledged
the charge of his adversary in calling him 8eiv6v, — or, per-
haps, from modesty, on account of the pretending character
of the word. Instead of retracting it, however, after some
suspense, he adds, " Yes, be it so," which is equivalent to
saying, "It is the right word, I will not retract it." We
can judge pretty well how he would have completed the
sentence, by what he says below, at Ei S' ovv, where he re-
sumes the point. — Kvpiov^] Hearers (especially judges)
may be considered as the controllers of the power of speak-
ers, since, as our author goes on to say, speakers are wholly
dependent upon their approbation for their own reputation.
This view of the subject must have been far more agree-
able to tl'.em than that of ^Eschincs, who. by warning them
to be on th(;ir guard against the effects of the eloquence of
Deinosthenos. plainly implied that they were under the con-
trol of the orators. — e^eraCoiJievrju] " tried," " proved." --
NOTES. 247
oXXa .... TovTav] " but also, if any one offended or came
into collision with him in any thing, against these." rtr,
being an indefinite pronoun, and hence having a sort of
general or collective sense, takes the demonstrative tovtcov^
referring to it, in the plural, by the construction Kara avvecnu.
K. § 241, 1 ; C. § 52, R. 1.
278. Tous iiTrep .... ^e^aiovv'] " to ask of the judges con-
vened for causes of a public nature to confirm to him," i. e.
to gratify him in. — diaKeifxev] " disposed." This partici-
ple, with the adverbs standing in connection with it, may be
rendered " meekly and gently disposed," i. e. well subdued
and held in check. — 'Ej/ rlacv] " On what occasions." —
Tcov oXcov Ti] " any of the matters of the highest interest."
279. Mrjbevos .... avTov] " But for him, having demand-
ed punishment from me neither in behalf of the state nor
of himself, there having been no public crime whatever of
mine, and, I will add, no private crime either," i. e. com-
mitted against ^Eschines. — To 8e . . . . KaKiav] " But, in-
deed, that he, having neglected to bring the trials against
me myself, should now come against this one (Ctesiphon),
involves the sum of all baseness." e'/xe aurdt/ is more em-
phatic than e/iGVToV. K. § 302, R,. 6.
280. (})(ova(r<las] iEschines, it would seem, possessed a
very powerful voice, which is often referred to by Demos-
thenes. See §§ 260, 291, 318. Demosthenes, on the
contrary, had by nature a bad voice. By cultivation, how-
ever, he attained great power over it, and especially ex-
celled in the variety, modulation, and piercing emphasis of
his tones. See Plutarch's Life ; also, vEsch. F. L., p. 49,
and Contr. Ctesiph., §§ 209, 210.
281. ovK inl .... TToXXoiy] " does not rely upon the same
anchor with the multitude," i. e. does not have the same
hopes, the anchor, in all languages, being regarded as the
emblem of hope. This was a common figure among the
Greeks, of which critics cite many instances from the an-
cnent Greek writers, it should be further stated, that avriis
248 NOTES.
agrees with dyKvpas understood. — 'Eya] " I " (have thft
same hopes, etc.). — koL . . . . TreTroirjiiai] " and have per-
formed nothing disconnected (with the interest of the city),
nor of a private nature."
282. '^Ap' ovu . . . . ncos;] " But did not you (i. e. do some
thing aside from the public interests) .'' And how (can it be
that you did not) > " — rfju fidxv^] " the battle," i. e. of
Chceronea. — kqI TavT'\ "and that, too." See § 201, n. —
T<o d' . . . . TOLovTco ,-] " And whom does the crier justly in-
voke curses upon ? Is it not on such an one } " By K^pu|
here is meant the crier or herald, who opened the meetings
of the assembly, by first praying, and then inviting all who
had any thing to say to speak. In his prayers, he invoked
curses upon such characters as ^Eschines is here repre-
sented to be. Comp. Smith's Diet. Antiq., Art. 'E/</<X7;o-ia,
sub. Jin. — et yLT]] For the indie, after these particles, see
K. § 318, 3, (e). — ovToi\ " this one," i. e. such as he had
just described. See § 173, n.
283. oiar ov\ For the negative ov instead of /L117, see
<5i 120, n. — Karapco/ifi/o?] " protesting."
284. Kara cravTov /Dyi^urr)?] " ail informer against yourself,"
i. e. by confessing his treacheiy, as Demosthenes charges
him with having done, after the decisive battle of Chseronea.
— 0)1/ ... . eupi^o-etf] " for which you will find all to blame
sooner than me^
285. 277^16101' 6e] '' But here is the proof of it," i. e. that
the city did not forget his good deeds. — apri. .... (lpi]vr}v'\
" recently having made the peace." Demades, who is here
alluded to, was an Athenian orator of great wit and elo-
quence, but of loose principles, who, being taken prisoner
by Philip at Chceronea, ingratiated himself with his captor,
so as to be employed by him to conclude the peace with
Athens which ensued. — eV rVft"'^''] "" cill the more zealous-
ly." Sue K. § 239, R. 1, (a).
286. TavT^^ "these things," i. e, their connection with
Philip, etc., which, as stated above, yEschines had denied
NOTES. 249
* before the issue of the struggle, but acknowledged after
wards ; and the others, it seems, had done likewise. — wp
.... adeiau] " receiving freedom from fear to speak
what they thought." Sucn could not have been friends to
their countiy ; since, had they been, they would not have
concealed their thoughts till the success of the enemy made
it safe for them to reveal them.
287. cKel] " there," i. e. with the enemy, bevpo, " hith-
er," a few lines below, stands opposed to it. — d\ . . . akXa']
The one limits and the other excludes. K. § 322, 2, 6. —
vnoKpiv6^€vov] " acting a part," " feigning."
288. ovTois] '•' thus." This word stands opposed to oXXcos
770)9, a few lines below. The people at large, he says, did
not act in one way towards him in this matter, and the
friends of the slain in another. — 8eov] " it being proper,"
i. e. according to established customs. An ace. absolute.
See § 30, n. It was customary among the Greeks to have
funeral feasts. — oi/ceiorcir<u] " the nearest relative." is-,
just before this word, is to be referred to it as strengthening
the superlative. For its separation from the word to which
it refers, see Matt. § 461. — ^dXiara dUcpepev] '' it most con-
cerned." This is used as an impersonal verb here, and
yjoverns w in the line before. — a fxrj . . . . axpeXov] " what
would that they had never suffered^ A wish that cannot
be realized. K. § 259, R. 6 ; C. § 77, 3.
289. iirlypapiia] " inscription." A short piece of poetry
written as an epitaph upon the tombs or other monuments
erected in honor of the dead. — Mapra/^ei^oi .... ^vxa?]
" But, contending, they did not save their lives by bravery
and courage." The genitives dpfT^s- and Mparos depend,
perhaps, upon ^pa^r,v, there being a sort of zeugma between
the two sentences, = But, contending, they did not count
upon the preservation of their lives as the reward of their
bractry and courage, but a common death. But it is most
probable that the reading is corrupt here. — Kplai^'] " issue,"
i. e. death. — poXpfiv .... Xiropev] " but he (Jupiter) did not
250 NOTES.
afford them any escape from fate," i. e. those who fell ir
this battle.
290. avTw TovTco'j " this very inscription^
291. fxvTjadeh] "having mentioned or spoken of." — ovx
0)$- . . . . yvcofiTjv'j " had not the state of mind which a patri-
otic and just citizen would have had."
292. TToXiTeias .... (^povri'^eij/] " pretending that he is
concerned for the constitution." ^Eschines had made great
pretensions to this in his speech. — koL ^rj . . . . rerax^at]
" and not by his line of policy to be ranked among our ene-
mies." Kotvcov properly means "public measures." — els
npdyfMaTu] " into difficulties," "troubles." See § 246, n.
293. 8l €fj.€ .... npaTTOfievrj'j " that, through my influ-
ence, you have resisted the power that was forming against
the Greeks," i. e. the power of Philip. This, he says, would
be doing too great honor to himself, while at the same time
it would be doing still greater injustice to the people, by im-
plying that they had been led into thi... policy contraiy to
their usual course. — ev old' on] on belongs to a predicate to
be supplied from avyxoopqaaiTe. Jolf's K. <5 895, 1.
294. 61 y' . . . . e'/ioi'j " if, indeed, having laid aside mis-
representation and speaking from enmity, we should con-
sider in face of the truth who they undoubtedly are upon
whose heads all would with reason and justly place the
blame of all that has happened, any one would find them to
he such men as this fellow, in each of the cities, not such
as I am."
295. vndpxovTas] " existing," or " their own." The list
of traitors which follows may be regarded as a kind of Black
Roll, posted up for irninoilalltv.
296. alaxia-Tois] " the basest indulp;ences."
297. TavTT]s .... eT^evdepiis] " Of his SO shamcful and
infamous conspiracy and baseness, rather. () men of
Athens, not to speak unmeaningly, uotrayal of the liberty
i>f the (Treeks."
29vS. xuvus] '• ()pj)<)r;;ill!lv." nvb' oaa .... avu^fiSov'
NOTES. 251
XtvKo] " nor what, at any time, I have advised these (the
Athenians) have I advised like you (traitors^, inclining
Dwards gain as if in a scale," i. e. from selfish, mercenary
jmotives. — /cat ixeyicrrcov .... TrpocrTas] " and, as is well
known (§17), having directed the most imponant interests of
all the men of my time." Kara, here is used as it is in the.
phrase ot <a^' iavrovs, " those with themselves," or '' theii
contemporaries." K. § 292, (2).
299. Tou Be T€Lxi-crfi6v] " But this repairing of the forti5-
cations," Alluding to his services as superintendent of the
repairs made upon the fortifications after the battle of Chte-
ronea. A few lines below, the orator, playing upon the
word, employs it in a figurative sense, including all that
he did for the defence of Athens. — Troppoa .... Tt^e/^atJ
" but I place them far below my political measures." roiv
neTToKLTevixevoiv is governed by noppco. K. § 271, 3 ; C. § 55,
2. — dpvvovpeuovs] Some prefer dpvuophovs here, — the
pres. instead of the fut.
300. dXX' ot . . . . Tvxj]] '" but the generals of the allied
forces, and the forces themselves, were conquered by for-
tune."
301. iK de . . . . TavTTj ;] " but on the side of the places
towards the Peloponnesus (to throw before the city) those
dwelling near to it } " The orator, it will be perceived,
speaks of the allies which he had gained as so many ram-
parts thrown up in different directions around the state. —
napa .... <\)ikLav\ " along by a country friendly in its whole
extent." This region included the nations on the Helle-
spont, the Euboeans, etc., as corn was brought by the Greeks
from the Euxine Sea. See § 73, n. For (piklav, without
a noun, see K. § 263, a, {,3) ; C. § 50, 3.
302. Kal Ta pev . . . . vTTupxovTCDv] " And, on the one
hand, to preserve of our existing dominions." to. pev, '' in
part," is an adverbial ace, and is responded to by to. S' be-
low. K. § 322, 5, (a). — &v 8' . . . . npoade'n'm ;] ''but of
uiial things there was a lack to tlie city, to supply these ? "
The v.ews here «five!i are voi'v statesmanlike and lus'
252 NOTES.
303. a Kol . . . . ejjLov] " which measures, O men of Ath
ens, if any one will consider them without envy, he will
find to have been wisely enacted, and executed with all
integrity, and that the proper time of each was neither neg-
lected nor unperceived, nor betrayed by me." irapeOevra
and rrpoedevra are both first aorist passive participles from
ditferent compounds of the same verb, irjfii.
305. ^Kovv] " would have inhabited." The sense is af-
fected by av in the preceding line.
306. av . . . . Trepieo-rt] " which, if they had been suc-
cessful, O earth and gods, it would undcbtedly have been
our fortune to be at the height of greatness, and justly so,
too ; but as they have resulted veiy otherwise, it still re-
mains to enjoy a good reputation." fieyiaroLs is put in the
dative by attraction. See § 128.
307. ovk] Repeated for emphasis. — vnoo-Taura] "having
undertaken." The article t6v in the preceding line belongs
to this word, which is to be understood as referring to De-
mosthenes himself, as the other character described in the
context is to be understood as meant for ^schines. — Xv77^-
VT)] " may have offended lihn.'''^
308. r](Tvxiav] " quiet," " withdrawal from public affairs."
— (f)v\dTT€L .... XeyoKTo?] " watches when you are full of
continuous speaking," i. e. pressed with business. It was
only at such times, when there appeared to be a chance for
nim to " make capital " out of the difficulties and troubles
of others, that he came forward. It is to be obsen-ed that
rrTjvUa is for orrrjviKa, — the direct for the indirect. K. § 34-1,
R. 1. — TToXAa 6e TavBpoiTTiva] " and many human things are
of this kind." — aweipei .... aTzuevaTi] ''' pronounces these
in a continuous flow, distinctly, and without catching his
breath"; i. e. in a declamatoiy, periodic stjle. — rw n-
Xov7t] " any one," " every one." The literal meaning of
this participle is " one who has happened," and hence by
an easy transhion it comes to mean " any one," or " everY
one."
NOTES. 253
309 ravTTjs .... enifieXdas] " of this oratorical skill and
art," i. e. such as is spoken of above.
310. TovToiv .... e^eraais] " For there was a test of all
these things in the above-mentioned times," i. e. the times
called for such services, and hence they became the test of
the ability and patriotism of public men. The following
sentence expresses the same idea in a different manner, and
hence d7ro8elieis means " proofs," " tests." — h oh] " among
whom." Referring for its antecedent to avbpl KoXat re Kaya-
6a. K. § 332, R. 1, (a). — ovkow .... rjv^dueTo] "conse-
quently, not among those at least by whom the country was
strengthened." For ovkow, see § 24, n.
311. Tis fj . , . . o-ov ;] " What civil and public relief of
means (has ever been effected) by you, either for the rich
or poor ? " such, for instance, as he himself had effected in
his revision of the laws of the trierarchy, §§ 102- 109.
312. a> TQv] "my good Sir." This sentence is repre-
sented as being spoken by some one by way of obviating
or palliating the charges just stated. — eh o-ccTrjpiau ....
dpyvpiov] " contributed of their means to the safety (of their
country), and finally Aristonicus (gave to the city) the
money which lie had collected for regaining his civil rank."
This Aristonicus (perhaps the one mentioned ^ 84) had in
some way, as it would seem, embezzled the public money,
and consequently, according to the laws of Athens, was
considered as politically disgmced until this was refunded.
Having collected sufficient money to refund it, he pj-esentod
it to the state. — ovbe totc ovre] Observe the accumulation
of negatives, and see "^ 216 : also § 24. — ovk diropau] '' not
being destitute of means." That he was not thus desti ute
is shown from his having received a large amount by the
will of a relative, and also from the wealthy citizens, for
attacking the law of Demosthenes concerning the trierar-
chy. Observe that K€K\r)pnv6prjKas takes two genitives. See
C. § .54, R. 9.
313. 'AXX' iva . . . . eKKpova-co] " But lest, speaking one
22
254 NOTES.
word after another, I cheat myself out of the present op-
portunity," i. e. by not adhering strictly to his defence. —
QeoKplvTjs] An actor, or according to others an informer,
who made pathetic complaints against persons.
316. ov fjL€v .... ayeiu] " nor, indeed, could any one say
how great, to bring into discredit and contempt the good
deeds performed in the present age."
317. /3ovXo/xei'7/] " aiming at." — kqt eKelvovs] " with
them," i. e. their contemporaries, just as tovs <ad' avTov
a few lines below, means " his contemporaries." See
§ 293, n.
318. — tva . . . . e'lTTco] "that I may say nothing else,"
i. e. nothing worse. Alluding to the epithet which he had
just applied to ^Eschines.
320. itpcifiiXXov .... K€Lij.€VT]s^ " patrlotism for their coun-
try lying open for rivalry to all in common," i. e. all hav-
mg an equal chance to show their zeal for their country.
The time here alluded to is opposed to that alluded to a few
lines below, when, after the ascendency of the Macedonian
power, men were not judged of by their zeal for their coun-
try, but by their zeal for their masters ; in which last period
he freely acknowledges that he was eclipsed by ^schines
and his friends. — iu rd^ei .... l7T7roTp6(f)os] " (became) both
great in rank, and a famous keeper of race-horses." A
matter of great pride in Greece.
321. fierpiov 770X1T77J/] " a respectable, frugal citizen." Op-
posed to tbe traitors, who made such a display with their
•ll-gotten gains. Thus also De Cherson. § 76. — iu fj.€v ....
dta^uXaTxeti/] " in favorable opportunities to maintain for the
city the pursuit of honor and su])rc'macv." — rovrov ....
erepa] " for of this, or of thus nmch, nature has the control,
but of the ;/()ility and power, other things." That is to sav,
it was w ithin tlie power of every one to have these feelini^s
and designs towards his country, though the abilitv to carrv
■■hem out dejjcndc*! upun various other tilings.
322. OiK e^airov^evos, k. t. X.J The orator here aMudea
NOTES. 255
lo the various ways in which he had been persecuted by his
enemies, most of which have been referred to in the pre-
vious part of the Oration.
323. erepcov] '' of Others," i. e. others besides his country-
men. — rrjv de^iav .... o'lcouai] " extending the hand (by
way of salutation) and offering my congratulations to those
whom I may expect to announce it there," i. e. in Macedo-
nia. The orator here refers to those at Athens who were
desirous of being known to the enemy as zealous advocates
of their cause, and hence, on occasion of any success of
the Macedonian arms, were particular to offer their con-
gratulations to such of the Macedonian party at Athens as
would be likely to report their zeal at head-quarters.
324. Mrj 8tjt\ k. t. X.] This peroration is short, but ex-
ceedingly impressive. It forms a proper climax to the tone,
of patriotic fei'vor which pervades the whole Oration, and a
fitting conclusion to the indignant strain of rebuke which
the orator has uttered against the enemies of his country.
— e^coAets- Kcu TrpooiXeis .... Troirjaare'^ " wholly destroy, and
that, too, speedily " {lit. before their time). See Orat.
F. L. p. 395, init.
APPENDIX ON THE DOCUMENTS.
The great difficulties connected with the interpretation of the
decrees and other documents found in this oration seem to re-
quire a separate and more extended discussion of their charac-
ter and contents than could be given in the Notes. The genu-
ineness of these documents has long been a subject of debate, and
especially, of late, has been ably discussed by Professors B.oeckh
and Vomel in the affirmative, and Professors Droysen and New-
man in the negative. But little more will be attempted here than
briefly to indicate the most important results arrived at by this dis-
cussion, so far as known to the author. The arguments against
the genuineness of the documents are, —
1. The fact, that in the other orations of Demosthenes, and
those of the other Attic orators, as well as in the latter half of
this oration, we generally find only the bare titles of the docu-
ments. This being the fact, the question at once arises, how it
could have happened. No reason can be discovered, in the nature
of the case, why they should have been incorporated into the text
in the first twenty-seven instances, and not in the remainder. If
they were inserted by the author himself, why did he stop here?
and why are they not found in his other orations, and in those of
the other Attic orators ?
2. Out of the fourteen documents which require the name of the
archon to be mentioned during whose year of office they were
enacted, only one name agrees with the received lists of archons
which have come down to us. This solitary true name is that of
Chserondas {§ 54), which could hardly have been mistaken by a
fabricator, from its known connection with the fatal battle of Chae-
ronea.
22 •
258 APPENDIX.
3. No inconsiderable difficulty is found in the language of the
documents ; such as inversions in the order of words in set phrases,
unusual designations of office and duties, uncommon words and
uncommon meanings.
4. Quite a number of the documents do not seem at all pertinent
to the connection. The remarks of the orator by which they are
introduced, or the comments which he makes upon them, seem to
suppose, in several instances, something very different from what
we find. This is especially true of the following documents: —
1. Philip's letter relative to his detention of the Athenian vessels
(§ 77). It is introduced by the orator in order to show that Philip
«asts the blame of breaking the peace on others, while he exon-
erates him, and is commented upon as fully proving the point.
But tlie letter found in the text does not sustain the assertion,
without considerable violence in its interpretation. 2. The docu-
ments connected with his reform of the trierarchy (^^ 105, 106).
They seem very deficient in fulness, and quite different from what
we are led to expect from the connection and the titles by which
they are designated, especially the Karakoyot. 3. The documents
concerning the relation between Athens and Thebes (^^ 164 - 167).
These are introduced to show the unhappy state of feeling between
the two cities, brought about by -^schines and his party. We
are led to expect,, therefore, decrees of mutual crimination. But
the decrees found in the text both relate to Philip, and only one of
them alludes to the Thebans at all. Besides, one of the letters of
Philip is called a reply to the Thebans, while we have no decree at
all from the Thebans to which he could reply.
5. Several of the decrees present very serious historical diffi-
culties, especially the following: — 1. The decree of Demosthe-
nes concerning the oaths (the first in the series, ^ 29). This de-
cree, as found in the text, differs from the account given of it
elsewhere, both by^schines and Demosthenes, in several particu-
lars. First, the date of it is more than a month after the return
of the embassy which it was designed to despatch (see notes on
^ 30, and the Calendar). Second, it is clearly implied in the
oration of Demosthenes, De F. L. (p. 376), that there were ten
ambassadors on this embassy, while only five are here mentioned,
and of these the name of only one (that of ^'schines) agrees with
the list of those known to have been upon the embassy. Third,
an important particular is omitted in the decree, which is described
APPENDIX. 259
oy Demosthenes (F. L., p. 389) as having been intioduced into it,
— the provision that the admiral (Proxenus) should conduct th^
ambassadors directly to Philip, Fourth, it speaks of the peace as
having been voted at the first assembly, whereas it was voted at
the second, on the 19th of Elaphebolion (Dem. F. L., p. 359) ;
and, besides, makes no allusion to the alliance which was coupled
with the peace in the decree referred to, as is evident even from
Demosthenes (F. L., pp. 353, 354). 2. The decree of Callisthe-
nes immediately after the submission of the Phocians to Philip
{^^ 37, 38). In the first place, the date is nearly five months after
the surrender of the Phocians to Philip, while Demosthenes, both
in this oration (§ 36), and in th:^ Orat. de F. L. (p. 379), states
that the decree was passed immediately after that event. In the
second place, several things are omitted here, which are described
by Demosthenes (F. L., p. 379) as having been contained in the
decree. 3. The second x'Vmphictyonic decree (§ 155) purports to
have been passed at the spring session, whereas it is stated by De-
mosthenes, in the remarks by which he introduces the decrees,
that it was passed at the session following that at which the pre-
ceding decree was passed, i. e. the following autumnal session.
The designation Arcadian, given to Cottyphus, may have arisen
from confounding Parrhasian (an Arcadian name) with Pharsalian^
which was his proper designation. 4. The decrees of Heropy-
thes concerning the relation between Athens and Thebes ssem to
contain an obscure allusion to a second peace with Philip, after
the war of Byzantium, which is highly incredible, though attested
by Diodorus. There are no important difBculties in the other
documents.
The counteF arguments in favor of the genuineness of the docu-
ments are, briefly, as follows : —
1. It is not necessary, in order to make out their genuineness,
to suppose that the orator himself incorporated them into his
speech, but only that they vjere actually taken from the public ar
chives, on the supposition that they wei'e the identical records referred
to in the text, and not fabricated. This may have been done some
time after the publication of the speech; which, indeed, is the
commonly received view.
2. Hence it is very easy to imagine how they came to be incom-
plete, since it is very conceivable that the records themselves, from
a certain point, may have been lost or mislaid, or from some other
cause rendered defective.
260 APPENDIX
3. Hence, also, the almost uniformly wrong aichons. The
documents for a year were probably inclosed in a single envelope,
or deposited in a single compartment, containing the name of the
chief archon for the year, while those acted upon during each Pry-
tany bore the name of the clerk for the Prytany. When, now,
these documents were taken from the archives for publication, the
name of the archon may have been lost or overlooked, and the
name of the clerk for the Prytany mistaken for it.
4. Hence, too, the wrong document would often be introduced
instead of the right one, which accounts for their want of perti-
nence in many cases, and the historical difficulties in others.
5. Most of the remaining difficulties maybe accounted for, either
by supposing corruptions in the decrees, to which they would be
very liable under the circumstances supposed, or inaccuracies in
the original drafts, on account of their referring to matters which
their authors did not understand.
The judgment of Vomel (as given in the Class. Mus., No.
V^IL), after surveying the whole question, is, that " five documents
are attached to a wrong place, four are full of gaps, one perhaps
impexfect, and one forged."
INDEX TO THE NOTES.
I. NAMES AND SUBJECTS.
Abuses of democracy, 143.
Accumulation of negatives, 13,
24, 216, 312.
Accusative absolute, 30.
AdVerbs ending in dev, 244.
Machines, enmity between him
and Demosthenes, 17 ; of small
stature, 129 ; his character and
course, 258-267; had a fine
voice, 280.
Amphictyonic Council, 148 ;
constitution and place of meet-
ing, 151, 154, 155 ; — War,
149.
Ancient oratory, character of, 22.
Aposiopesis. 3, 22.
Arcbons, 29, 54.
Areopagus, 133.
Aristoniens. 312.
Arisiophon, 162.
As3'ndeton with erepos. 219.
Athenian Calendar, 29.
Alliens, the two parties there,
89 ; tribes at, 29 ; age of ma-
jority at, 177 ; assemblies of
tbe people at, 37 ; number of
generals at, 38 ; character of
them during the contest with
Philip, 145.
Bcpoiian towns. 43.
Byzantium, 87, 90.
Cephalus, 251.
Chaeronea, 195.
Cinha, 149.
Classification of Solon, 171
Clepsydra, 139.
Climax, 179.
Colyttus, 75.
Constructio Kara ovueaLv^ <J77,
310.
Crier at the public assemblies at
Athens, 282 ; invitation given
bv him at the opening of the
meetings, 170.
Dative by attraction, 128, 306.
Decelea, 96,
Dem.ades, 285.
Demosthenes, his statesmanship,
301 - 303 ; his voice, 280 ;
elevated sentiments, 97 ; se-
verity of language, 242 ; hap-
py use of illustrations, 243 ;
repair of the walls of Athens,
299 ; his style, 142 ; his labors
against Philip, 218, 237, 270 ,
powerful sumaning up of top-
ics and arguments, 86, 265.
Denial of both protasis and apo-
dosis, 76.
Direct for indirect discourse. 24 1.
Divided state of the Peloponne-
sus, 18.
Dodonian .lupiter, 253.
Eleusis, 177.
Embassies to Philip, 17.
En'hym?ms, 1 39.
Epio-ram. 289.
Euboea, its situation, 71.
262
INDEX.
Eubulus, 162. I
Examination of accounts of pub- !
lie officers at Athens, 112,117.'
Festivals of Bacchus at Athens,
54.
Fornris in vfii and vco inter-
changed, 76.
P'uneral feasts at Athens, 288.
Future in subordinate clauses, 26.
Generals. See Athens.
Harmosts, 96.
Inverted attraction, 16, 200.
Locrians of Anjphissa, 149.
Logical and oratorical order of
words, 134.
List of traitors in the Grecian
states. 295, 296.
Neuter for masculine, 47.
Oath by the heroes of Marathon,
etc., 208.
Occasion of the Oration for the
Crown. 17.
Oratorical pleonasms, 21, 137.
Participial construction, 122.
Partitive genitive, instead of tak-
ing the case of the adjective,
22^, 132.
Peace with Philip, 17.
Perfect and aorist dif. , 142.
Perinthiis, 90.
Personal instead of impersonal
construction, 41, 198.
Piraeus, 132.
Plural of abstract nouns, 210.
Pnyx. 55 ; its situation, 169.
Position of Athens among the
states of Greece, 63.
Pregnant construction. 14, 138.
Preliminary skirmishes wnth
Philip, 216.
Pres. in fut. sense, 21.
Published speeches of the orators
different from the spoken, 215.
Relative used as an adjective pro-
noun, 10.
Return of the descendants of
Hercules, 186.
Second Sacred War, 18.
Senate-chamber at Athens, ita
situation, 169,
Social War, 17, 234.
Temple of Delos, 134.
Theocrines, 313.
Theoric fund, 28, 119.
Thermopylae, 32.
Thesmotheta?, 116.
The trierarchy, 99, 102, 104-
106.
Time of the tenses in connection
with et and civ, 76, 201.
Traitors, 48, 49, 295.
Verbals, construction of, 58.
Verbs of willing, construction of,
11.
Vices of democracies, 143, 216.
Whole in apposition with its
parts, 182.
Zeugma, 289.
II. GREEK WORDS AND PHRASES.
oyKvpa. 281.
uyoivoOiTT}:, 84.
d^iKi)ij.nTa, aixapTfjfiara, aTV)(T]yui-
Tu, 274.
air! a. ^uiIBo'Xt]. XoiSopla, 7.
aKuviTiy 200.
uXtjBcs, 249.
n>>n yap, 42, 111.
<iAAa)9 T€ Kfiv, 5.
apa piv .... apa Se, 219.
apeivQiv. KpeiTToiv. dif., 215.
ap.€iU()v Trpdrreiv, 254.
av, 16, 17; omitted with histori-
c:il tenses, 248.
dvoKa^elv, construction of, 103.
duacjjopu, 219.
' dvr}p, wiih iKimes of nations
i etc., 1.
INDEX.
263
avdpayTTos for 6 avdpanoSi 139.
drrXois, 88.
'AiToXXdiu Trarpwosy 141.
drrovoia, 249.
ap;(tTeKra)i/, 28.
fiaKTrjpla^ 210.
^eXvLara npaTTeiv, 252.
^Xag-c()r]p.€lv, construction of, 11.
ye, ironical, 136 ; between a
preposition and its case, 216
ypaix[xaTOKv(f)aiv , 209.
ypa(pr] napavofxoiv, 9.
yep pa, 169.
fie, aXXa, dif.,287.
deivorrjs, 211 .
8eKap)(La, 18.
5?'; == as is well known, 18, 139,
298.
8r]p,iovpy6s, 157.
SryTTore, 21, 261.
diduoia = State of mind, 192.
StSomi = to offer, 103.
dvolv ddrepov, 139.
bvcTKokov = dbiKov, 176.
i^ovKoprjv and r]f3ovXup,r]v, 64.
eis after a verb of rest implying
a previous motion, 157.
elaayyeXia, 13.
els di^r]p, 143.
elhivai, yiyvcoaKeLV, dif. , 48.
exetj/o? = that renowned, 219;
unusual position of, 71, 238.
eKTTlTTTeLV, 265.
eXelv Trjv ypa(pr]v, 3.
eXevdepos = eXevdepLos, 242.
e/x6 avTou, epavrov, dif., 13, 279.
eV — with, 28.
e^era^opeuos, 277.
e^tVaa-ts-, e^eracr/AOS, dif., 16.
e^coX?!? Kdi 7rpo(joXi]S, 324
eVt = under, in the power of,
166, 215; with cTKOTreii', 210,
233.
e7n(TTdTT]s, 29.
eTTicTTrjaaSi 87.
erep.is without the article, 87.
€0e^r?, 1 10.
r]yepui/La, 2i)2.
r^ Jjpipci CAcaoTT/, 249.
Cr;Xo$>, 129.
inp,ifLo(pdyns, 139, 180.
i7r7rorpd(^o?, 320.
/cat concessive with participle,
50,258;—^^!/, 14 ; — ... .
fie = and also, 215; — yap,
65 ; — ravra = and that too,
282, — .... re Kat, 1.
Katpos, xpovos, dif., 48.
KoXapiTTjs, 129.
KaXoKayaOia, 93.
KaXaJ? TTOLOvvTes, 231.
/cara ^ contemporary with, 298,
317.
Kara^evhea-dai, construction of,
11.
KXrjpovopelv, with two genitives,
312.
KXrjTopes, 55.
KOLvfj, 8.
Xai/^ai/etj/, construction of, 190.
pdXicTTa pev, 164, 267, 324 ; ra
-, 21.
peXXeL with fut. infin., 8.
pev oiiv, 130.
Mov(ro)v Xeiav, 72.
I/;) Ai'a, concessive, 10 1, 117.
vopl^eiv, o'Ucrdat, dif., 252.
vvv referring to an actual course
of events, rore to a supposed
course, 195, 200.
^vXov, 129.
6 fitCOACCOV, 7.
o'Ucrdai ironical, like the English
" trow,"' 225.
OlKeioS = TToXtTLKOS, 234.
oXt'you {piKpov) delv, 20, 151,
209.
opcopoKevai, opKOvv, opKi^eiv, 6.
OTrrjviKa for ei, 14.
oTTooj /xj^ with fut. indic , 276,
oaa for a when referring to
quantity.
OS pev, demonstrative, 164.
oVi without a predicate expressed,
293.
OX) deov, 133, 277.
ovKovv [ovKovv), 24.
rtVf .... ovre, 24, 186.
otiros nearly ;:= roiouros, 173.
otlro), referring to what follows.
138, 269 ; separated from its
word. 33. 163, 220.
264
INDEX.
ovx onas, 131.
napd = at the same time that,
in connection with, 13, 226.
Trapeta, 260.
Trapuvai, TvpoUvai, 303.
7repi = round among, in, 147.
nepLovaia, 3.
Trepirpippa dyopas, 127.
TTrjVLKa for OTTT^I/lKa, 308.
TVlVaKLOV, 210.
tt\i)v oiiK, 45.
TTodev, 47.
TToulv vnep^oXrjv = vTrcp^dWeiv,
190.
TToKeixap^os, 175.
TToXtTevecrBaL, TrpdiTeiv, TTOteTi/, 4.
TToXXoi) ye Kat Set, 47.
TTo/XTreia, 11; Tropnevetv, 122.
TToppco with genitive, 299.
Trpdypara = difficulties, troubles,
246.
TrpodycLv, npoadyeiu, dif,, 206.
npoaipeaLS Ka\ TToXtreia, 93.
npoebpoL, 29 ; — non contribuks,
29.
TTpodea-pia, 125.
7rpo\aj3e7v, 224.
TTpos = in comparison with, 256.
TrporepoSf rrporepov, 7.
TTpvTaveveLV, 29.
7Tp(x)TOV, TtpoOTOV p€V, dif., 56.
IluXat, 32.
atToivrjs. 248.
G"v/i/3oXoi/, 210.
uvptSovXos Ka\ crvK0(pdvTri9, 189.
<rxr}po.Ta, 22.
XTXW^i-v for e^eiv, 45.
m /xaXicra, 21.
ra /xei^ . . . . ra 8e', 302.
*ra TipicoTara, 215.
ri6evai \/at;(^ovs, 227.
Ti KaKOV ov;(t, 48.
TLpcopia, riprjpa, to. €7rtTifiia,dii.f
12.
riy= peyas, 225.
TO S' oui/ Ke(PaXdlov, 213.
TO Kai TO = this and that, 243.
TO Kor' e'/Lte, 246.
TO XotTToi', Ta XotTrd, rov Xoitwv,
dif., 78.
TO pev Trparov, 87.
Tots oXots", Kad' oXov, 39.
TOts TTpos epe, 14.
TocrovTos referring to what fol-
lows, 60.
Tvx^'iv, 130; Tv;(ov = perhaps,
221.
vndpxeiv, 1.
vndpxcov, cov, napd>v, vnav, dif.,
17.
vnep nearly ==77ept, 9.
VTToXoyiCeadaL, diaXoyi^eadai,
dif., 99.
vTToipodia, 103.
(fiavrjvaL with infin. and part. ,71
(pepetv Koi ciyeLV, 230.
(f)opd, 61, 271.
cj)vyddes, 71.
XprjcTTos, ironical, 30.
Xolz/t^. 129.
&)s, with ace. absolute, 276 ; with
an adverb, 85, 128, 212; =
et? or TTpos, 133, 169 ; — apa,
usage. 22, 54.
COS €OLK€v, ironical, 63.
coot' ov instead of coarc pi], 120,
283.
coanep av referring to a sup-
pressed predicate, 194, 214.
axjieXov expressing a wish 'hat
cannot be realized, 288
o^x^TO Xa/3a)i», 40.
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!: .iiiiiiniii'iiMiiititiiiiMii(iMiiiMiiiiiiiiinMiiniiiiMiiiitinit)iH>i»Hiti>iiiiiiiitiiiMitMiiiiii^
!;!!!!liillllllllllllltiilllltlltllttilli!lllllllllllliliillillllllllllllllHllillllllillillliilllitllll!HltltiltJI!llHlitl^ -^