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C -7 Jh University of California • Berkeley Jack Fleming Prison Collection Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2007 with funding from IVIicrosoft Corporation http://www.archive.org/details/annualreportofinOOcalirich Document No. 13. IN SENATE.] [SESSION 1855. Al^NUAL EEPOET OF THE INSPECTORS OF STATE PRISON, TO THE CegxBlature of t[)C State oi aTaUfornia, FEBRUARY 16, 1855. [B. B. REDDING, STATE PRINTER. KEPOET. Office of the Board of State Prison Inspectors, ) January 30, 1855. ) To the Hon. the Legislature of the State of California : In obedience to the law creating their office and defining their duties, the undersigned, State Prison Inspectors, respectfully submit the following report: Since their appointment, the Inspectors have made frequent visits to San Quentin, and have examined into the management, condition and affairs of the State Prison as fully and carefully as their powers and opportunities have ena- bled them to do. Having no authority to administer oaths, or to require infor- mation by compulsory process, they have been obliged to rely upon their own observation, together with such statements as might be volunteered to them by the Lessee and his employees and the questionable declarations of the prisoners themselves. From the best information, however, which they have been able to obtain from these sources, they find that the whole number of State convicts received up to Nov. 20, 1854, — (the date of the Inspectors' report to the Governor,) — was 520, of whom 138 had been discharged on the expiration of their terms of sentence, 38 had been pardoned, 75 had escaped and not been retaken, 1 had died in prison, and 8 had been killed in various attempts at escape — leaving 258 remaining in prison, and 2 unaccounted for. Since that time, 31 new convicts have been received ; 22 escaped in a body from Marin Island on the 27th of December, 4 of those who had previously escaped have been recaptured, and several more have been discharged. Of those who escaped from Marin Island, 8 have been recaptured and 4 killed, leaving 10 still at large; most, if not all, of whom were severely wounded. Six of these were retaken in the month of January, and imprisoned in the County Jail of Santa Clara county, whence, after two or three days incarceration, they effected their escape. In connection with this affair, the Sheriff of that county has made complaints concerning the action of officers of the prison, and charges of neglect on their part, which, if true, deserve to be noticed by the Legislature. Of those who have effected their escape, however, it is but justice to the pre- sent Contractor to state, that 25 are reported to have escaped from Col. John C. Hays, whilst that gentleman was connected with the State Prison andvhad charge of the convicts. The document herewith transmitted, marked "A," is a transcript from the register of prisoners kept at the prison by the Superintendent, which was fur- nished to us by James M. Estell, the Lessee, and purports to exhibit the name, age and description of each prisoner, the date of his entrance, his term of , im- prisonment, and the offense for which he was sentenced, the county from which he was sent, the State or country in which he was born, and the date of the expiration of his sentence. Document " B." contains a tabular statement of the number of prisoners re- ceived, the number of escapes exclusive of recaptures, the number of deaths, the age and sex of the convicts, and the number now in prison. Document " C." purports to be a tabular statement of the places of nativity, and occupations of the prisoners, the counties where they were sentenced, and the crimes of which they were convicted. Document *' D." is a list of the officers, keepers, and guards of the prison. There are no female convicts now under sentence. These statistics, the undersigned are satisfied, are in some respects inaccurate, but they have found it quite impossible to arrive at facts which could be relied on with entire certainty It will be seen from the foregoing and accompanying statements, that only twelve prisoners are reported to have been killed, whereas, the Inspectors are induced to believe, on information derived from other sources and which they deem reliable, that more than double that number have been killed by the offi- cers and guards, in the repeated insurrections, escapes, and attempts at recap- ture, and their names not reported to the Inspectors, for fear of the trouble and expense of a legal investigation. This we conceive to be a grave matter and one that ought to be inquired into by the Grand Jury of the county. It is un- questionably the duty of those having charge of the convicts to prevent escapes, if possible, at all hazards, and the undersigned do not know of any instance in which a State prisoner has been killed by the guards wantonly or without war- rant of law. But in so grave a matter as homicide, though the act be justifiable and lawful in itself, a concealment of it, or a refusal to report the same to the proper officers, gives rise to suspicions of wrong and demands investigation. Desirous of being able to communicate to the Legislature satisfactory infor- mation as to the truth or falsity of certain reports that have been circulated respecting the management of the prison and the safekeeping of the convicts, the Inspectors addressed a circular letter to the County Clerks of the several counties throughout the State, a copy of which, marked E," is herewith trans- mitted; but, except in three or four instances, no notice has been taken of their communication. The Board of Inspectors through their Chairman, also addressed a note to the Controller of State, requesting from that officer a list of State Prisoners as exhibit- ed by the books and papers on file in his office, and by the accounts for mileage that have been presented, and audited by him. His answer, however, has not been re- ceived. In view of the difficulties in the way of obtaining authentic information, we think that a law ought to be passed authorizing the State Prison Inspectors to require from all officers and private persons, such information as they may deem important con- cerning convicts and the administration of criminal justice. They should also be empowered, we think, to administer oaths and to punish as for contempt a refusal to answer touching the subject matter committed to their charge. We also recommended that the office of Inspector be made elective by the people, that its powers be enlarged and that a reasonable compensation be attached thereto. Efficiency in such an office and proper attention to the duties of it, can scarcely be looked for where no salary is allowed, and where even the incident expenses, which are necessarily considerable, have to be borne from the private purses of the officers themselves. The subject of rewards for the apprehension of escaped convicts, was alluded to 6 by the Inspectors in their first annual report, and is again respectfully called to the attention of the Legislature. By the fourteenth section of the Act of 1851, " to provide for the safe keeping of the State Prison Convicts," the lessee is required to pay all rewards for the capture of escaped prisoners, but, by a most singular provi- sion, he is prohibited from ofiering a reward of over $2,500, whilst its minimum is limited only by the smallest denomination of money. Accordingly, the rewards that have been offered for the recapture and delivery of escaped convicts, have been en- tirely disproportionate to either the difficulty or importance of securing their arrest ; and of these no notice by publication has generally been given. In this matter the lessee has complied with the letter of his contract and ought not, perhaps, to be censured for not spending his own money with a liberality greater than the law requires. He doubtless became a party to the contract on speculation and with a view of making money out of it, and not from any philanthropic notions of public service. It is not to be presumed then, that he will consent to any modi- fication of the law in this respect, and we therefore recommend that the Governor or Sfcate Prison Inspectors be authorized, in certain cases, to ofier rewards for es- caped convicts, payable out of the State Treasury. Of late, the number and frequency of escapes have been so great as to chalhnge public attention, and have given rise to popular clamor and complaint. According- ly on the twentieth day of October last, a letter from his Excellency the Governor was directed to us through the columns of the State Journal, asking for a more thorough examination and an early report, a copy of which letter is herewith sub- mitted, marked "F." Pursuant to these instructions and those of the law, the undersigned have made diligent inquiry into the causes of the numerous escapes which have occurred, and they are forced to attribute them chiefly to the system which prevails of workiug the prisoners in large gangs, outside of the Prison and at a distance from the Prison Grounds. The stampede of December 27, was elFocted from Marin Island a place distant from the Prison two or three miles, where a large number of the convicts were engaged in quarrying stone, one of the revolts of last year in which some of the guards were killed and several of the prisoners escaped, took place at the Kedwoods near Corte Madera, whither they had been sent for wood, and nearly every escape which has been reported to the undersigned, has hap- pened when prisoners were away from the Prison Grounds. The lessee claims the right under his contract with the State, to work the convicts wherever and at what- ever business or labor he may find most profitable, and in support of this position he quotes the opinion of the late Attorney General. If he really have the right which he claims, but which the Inspectors do not acknowledge, then the lessee can send State Prisoners in the capacity of clerks or servants to San Francisco, Sacra- mento or Placerville. And such has really been the case in at least one instance which has come to our knowledge where a convict was sent to San Francisco to wait upon an officer of the Prison, whence he efiected his escape and is now at large. This case was reported to us by the lessee. A portion of the prisoners denonminated " trusties " and who have been distin- guished for good behavior, are frequently sent on errands or expeditions of confi- dence, either alone or in company with a guard. The undersigned are of the opinion that the practice of working the prisoners in difierent places without'sufficient guards to insure safety against the possibility of es- cape, is wrong and ought not to be tolerated, but they have found themselves pow- less in the premises to remedy the existing evils, and can only report such facts as may come to their knowledge — for the consideration of the Legislature. The provision of law relied on in favor of this right as contended for by the con- tractor is contained in the 7th Section of the act above referred to, which provides that " said Act shall not be so construed as to confine the labor of the prisoners within the limits of said prison, or to any particular place or labor," whilst the whole tenor of the Act seems to contemplate the confining of the prisoners t^^i^iw the limits of the prison grounds. If, however, the State has been unwise enough to make a contract for ten years, for the keeping of the convicts, which affords no adequate security, and if the lessee has the right as claimed by him to remove the inmates, at will, from the prison and prison grounds, it will certainly be prudpnt to purchase a modification or entire canceling of such a contract as cheaply and quickly as possible. The prison itself is of massive material and substantially built, and with the addi- tion of a wall of suitable dimensions, and with proper diligence on the part of the keepers, it might afford ample security against the escape of prisoners. Its upper story is divided into cells of convenient size, the lower part being mainly in one room. This, at a comparitively small expense, might be made into a large number of strong and secure cells, thus increasing, by one half, the cell capacity of the pri- son without the erection of another building. The undersigned are of the opinion that the great object of penitentiary pun- ishment — the safe keeping of the convict — will hardly be secured, at present, with- out a wall enclosing the prison grounds and invariable confinement of the prisoners within the same How this is to be built, if built at all, it is for the Legislature to determine. But, should it be done at the cost of the State, and should an appro- priation be made for that purpose, we recommend either that the existing contract be terminated upon such terms as may be just, or that the lessee be required to re- linquish his claims to the right of removing the prisoners beyond the the prison grounds. If the wall will only serve to shut out the prisoners, instead of being as it ought to be, an impassable barrier between them and society, then its construction would be useless and extravagant. Among the convicts now under sentence, there are a few daring and intelligent criminals, but generally they are ignorant, stupid and submissive. No record is kept showing what proportion of the prisoners are educated, but the majority of those whom we interrogated we found could neither read nor write, and by far the larger proportion of the prisoners are addicted to intemperance. And in this connection the undersigned ask leave to state as a conclusion arrived at after careful inquiry on their part, that a vast proportion of the higher crimes which have been committed in this State have been perpetrated under the excite- ment of spirituous liquors or the frenzy of intoxication. This fact is one of suffi- cient significance, and merits the attentive consideration of the Legislature. The inspectors are of the opinion that there ought to be a more careful gradua- tion in the scale of punishments. By the existing law the larceny ^f S50 is pun- ishable by death, while the higher crime of arson is punished with imprisonment not to exceed two years, and many crimes and offences of considerable magnitude are not cognizable by our courts. We recommend that the criminal laws be carefully revised, that the jury system be remodeled so as to secure, if possible, some honesty in the ,mcde of empanel- ing and selecting juries, and that the rule of evidence be so changed as to insure a more just and certain administration of penal statutes. We also recommend that the punishment for murder be made alterative, in the discretion of the jury — either death or imprisonment in the State Prison for life. The inspectors are induced to this recommendation from a conviction of its necessity as a remedial experiment, and not from any desire on their part to shield from merited punishment the man who, by the commission of the most atrocious crime, has forfeited the right to live. But we find, on careful exam- ination, that of the several hundred murders that have been committed in this State since the de facto organization of its government, only a dozen or so of the murderers have been convicted and executed, and we are compelled to attribute this impunity of crime, in a great degree, to the general reluctance on the part of our people legally to enforce capital punishment, and which fre- quently leads juries, after solemn and pains-taking deliberation, to disagree on their verdict, or to acquit the accused on the slightest pretext of justification, or the most remote possibility of innocence or insanity, rather than render a verdict of conviction when the penalty is death. It is the certainty of punishment, we respectfully submit, and not its severity, that gives force and efficiency to penal laws. In order to act as a salutary, restraint upon crime by the example of its punishment, the penalty must follow the perpetration of the crime, promptly and with the invariable relation of cause and effect. The plea of insanity is practically one of the most fruitful sources of abuse that exists in the practice of our courts. How this evil is to be corrected, it is perhaps difficult to understand ; but the law certainly ought, if possible, to be so modified, that the proof, merely of some violent or incoherent expressions should not be held sufficient to justify acquittal in capital cases. To be recog- nized as a bar to the most rigid penalties, it should be no less than that clear and unmistakeable madness which obliterates from the mind the knowledge of right and wrong and annihilates the power of the will ; and, even in that case, we think that the State ought to protect its citizens against the consequences of this vicious insanity, or the recurrence of it, by perpetual confinement in a prison for lunatics. It appears to be a perversion of justice and of law to permit the culprit, who, for some fancied insult, has murdered his fellow, to come into court and defend the act on the plea of insanity, and to be discharged, again, perhaps, under a fresh attack of his infirmity, to maim and murder others. It has been customary for Sheriffs, in transportiug convicts under sentence, to deliver them to the lessee of the prison or his agent, in San Francisco, taking his receipt therefor. This method of proceeding, we think, should be prohibited, and Sheriffs should be required by law, in all cases, to deliver the convicts to the Superintendent, at the prison grounds, and to report the same forthwith to the Inspectors at their office in San Francisco. The Superintendent should also be required to report all escapes, within twelve hours after their occurrence, at the office of the Inspectors, together with the circumstances of their escape and a careful description of the persons of the fugitives, and to advertise the same in some newspaper published in San Francisco, with the reward offered by the lessee for their apprehension. The State Prison of California, as it now exists, is no paradise for scoundrels. It is a real penitentiary — a place of suffering and expiation. Of work there is abundance, with privations and corporal punishment. So far, it is well. So far, perhaps, it is what a State Prison ought to be. But its discipline is not. salutary, nor its punishments corrective. The system that prevails of unre- stricted intercourse among the convicts, is essentially vicious and corrupting, but, so long as the contract system continues, the first object of prison discipline will be to obtain the maxiuaum of labor with the minimum of cost, whilst but little attention will be given to the far more important object — so far as society is concerned — the reformation of the convict. All of which is respectfully submitted. HORACE W. CARPENTIER, JAMES MILLER, RICHARD N. SNOWDEN. iospectors of State Prison. APPENDIX. 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Aneger Do 3 Mariposa 16 Manuel Escalente Do 5 San Joaquin 16 Luiz Garcia Do 5 Do 16 Ramon Garcia Do 5 Do 16 Jose Valdez Do 5 Do 16 Jose Selesar burglary 2 Mariposa 16 Antonio Valensuelo grand larceny 6 Do 16 Nicholas Forbes Do 3 Sacramento 16 Manuel Aguera Do 6 Yuba 23 James Smith Do 2 Sacramento 1852. January 8 Lewis Ottinger grand larceny 1 San Francisco 15 Benjamin Lewis arson 2 Do 15 William Welsh grand larceny 5 Do April 14 Marcellus Gray Do 1 Mariposa March 15 James Robinson . Do 3 San Joaquin April 9 Hugh B. Hethaley Do 2 Tuolumne March 19 Antonio Deraetro manslaughter 3J Do April 9 William Baxter grand larceny 5 San Francisco July 19|Charles Davis Do 1 Do 16 PrisoTwrs received hy J. M. Estell, Lessee of the State Prison. •JIBH JO JOIOQ black dark black black light brown auburn black light __2c:55^o3^c3o3o3 M o I— 1 S2. •BdA^ JO aoioQ a«c3o3«c3c3c3r3 I— 1 f-i ■— . t— 1 ^ ^ ;-) ,—1 ^.< MM M MMMM 000500000 cSo3aOOtO >o lO lO lO Ult) lO O O to o o O a o •—1 a g o O laborer Do vaquero sailor tinsmith musician iron roller laborer baker o t-l o 1 Do farmer laborer ranchero soldier shoemaker sailor o O t— 1 ■i>3y GO Oi lO CQ »-H O (M O >— 1 cq cq cq CO (7Q 'tH o o o a o S s o O San Francisco Do Marin San Francisco Do Placer Mariposa Trinity Tuolumne Calaveras Tuolumne El Dorado Do San Joaquin Mariposa San Joaquin San Francisco O P M O CO o a ai_2 •sq;noK o 00 •SJB9^ rHi— (Cq?— IC^i— l(Mr— IrH o rH rH lO O O ir- CO r-H I— ( CO • I i-i O highway robbery arson murder grand larceny Do Do Do Do assault and battery assauit with intent to commit murder grand larceny Do Do Do Do Do assault, intent to kill aiding prisoners to es- cape • >- S5 Pennsylv'n'a New York California Panama New York Ireland Kentucky Mexico Ireland o o • r-l o Do New York Mexico Do Do Do / Brazil England 1 Name of Convict. Francis Christie* Thomas Bradley* Pastons* r*eter Heloise a John Ronark* Thomas Gilmore* James Bendell* Antonio Armento h John C. 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Louisiana Kentucky Penn. Virginia Ohio W illiam Dewing d Nathan Dewing d George Dewing d Richard Holmes d Charles Davis d Thomas Derden, alias Hodges Casimero Lara William Hunger* Henry Peth* Juan Ruez* Francisco Vera* John Campbell John Hartley e Isaac Levy / Thomas Henry g Louis Goddoit* Jack Fairrow* George Fairrow h Ignacio Romo John Broad i John G. Elverson_; John Williams Samuel Hall 03 • 6 William Smith* Chapman Bethel* Robert Patterson* OO QO GO 00 00 Cq Cq CM CM (M Oq CMOqJt— Ir-i— Jt-»Os05C5CSCiC50iC5C505i-H ^ rH i—i I— ( .^ I— 1 ■^^p ^^ ^^ r- i-H rH feck's .5 S| ^ ^ 2, O *. 53 be 53 -5 C t) o •^ 2 tog-* OS'S, s^^ — s 3J "■§ o ■ "3 .^ -^ Cn ■^' (- ■ O e S .r- sZ' • Of •la -s s — . -* ai r- ^^ •o £ CO a> - QO o •a O n !;< •^ ^<- - w ^ £ b"» o 5iJ^ 1-1 ,tl "^ d «< - ° ^ eS o 22 a •p— ( a o -4-a bo o H o o o l_3 BO El ^ HH "^ H ^-. »— I — ' P5 P H ,i4 c» = g bo 2 bo a o p grand larceny Do manslaughter grand larceny Nativity. Germany Vermont Do California Pennsylv'n'a Virginia Pennsylv'nia California England Virginia Kentucky New York O 'x N. Ilamp're New York o a; >— 1 Ohio Maryland Hanover Peru w >■ a o o o i • »fohn Tritschler* Frederick Morrison* William Morrison* Juan (Indian) Henry King Richard Murphy* William Davis J. Manuel Sepulvera William Power* Richard Watkius* Richard V. Evans John Sullivan o c CO S 26 Walter Corastock* May 10 Andrew Austin a 10 Daniel Sales* 18 Abner Bishop, negro 18 Stewart Butler* Henry Jansen R. Palacio, 2d term, •paAiac 9a aaqAV ^--^rtl-^cOOOOOOCOCOOOGOCft ^•^l-(r-(rHr-lrHrHi-lrHrHrHt-l QO ^ I— 1 Ph •• OO 00 23 o -S ;S -^ ^ :S ^ S -^ bl.S tLS cj be C3 c3 c3 03 ■zS.S S S * t- t- ^ t, t^ -G 03 c3 -2 c3 OS fee ■C TT X? -73 T3 — rO X! ^ j=> .3 -G ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ -o ^ fcc:r: ^ -o fcc^ fejo-o jd ^ blue blue black dark blue blue •f t;i!:--Gt;&-.s-«t.i_fc- o3 :3 ^G ^ "^ ■:s "^ "^ "a, '■O'T^ — '^ S ^ ^ ^ 'S. 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(U o35:^c3c3-^Jc3c;''t-^ "•« J22 ^ g cc cc 'r-j CO ^-1 ;-i a 03 a O H-> OOOOr-ii-HiOiOCOOfMaiGOOOOJr- CM 'Tt* o CJ o _ '^ o 'a CO o 03 s o c« O c3 4*i 1; . -^ 00 lO o CO CO <>i cq lio o o ^ ^ t-l o o o P P S '^ =* ^o >o O CO .03 S3 J-H o3 03 P a p c3 o o 03 0-1 03 O M "a a ci R f-" > wT^mw^w o 'o P _ s^ o o o >r> S f^ ft P ft -I 03 a o ooooooo ft ftftftftpftft H m o O c3 P o O o ft CM ■03 o3 Is Q C^G^OOCOi— lCOCOG~i 03 be O P a> p P o -t-3 p P o ^ftft^^ft^S^^ftftJ^ft p bep GbOa« fees t-i p;-, ^pSt- P^- bo ^be Sj::?5bo rQbo ^ p -1-3 03 c5 P O O P 0^ CO CO C3 g ^ O O O gr-jftft ft o p P •a> ZJ r-l bo -5 ^-^ O ft P o ft p c3 P c3 a 0^ . c3 P n-5 o 03 03 1^ nglan Do c3 .a • p p o 03 O ^3 P 03 ^ W QPmO} HH o >H be c M <» B o EH c A o i-s >1 s * cS t) a » a -a o TRANSCRIPT OF RECEIVED, ESCAPED, AND RETURNED PRISONERS, SINCE THE INSPECTION OF STATE PRISON BOOKS. 38 Ph I— I o Til of -to r-Ci • So of CO . <^ $: • ji Rh I' OS o • %^ 05 v. 5i C) 05 • • a • * # Occupation. *-• S C3 f *-• ^ o) *-• 2 f-i , a? i^ ^'f; ^ S^ooQhO ooooog 0&. •eSy -<*i'<^>ooou::) -^Lococoir-cs toc^cocooo o-^ a a S >> fl C3 S "^ ?-i r^OOOO OO^fc^rr^O OOSOO?::; 0?> S S =3 s g ^ -"s 02 coPh^ h W hi egg 4^ •sq^UOHi . •sj'Baj;. rHC^i— lrH«0 i—iCMCMCMrHCO vOOr— ICOi— It— ( t— lO .—1 »— 1 «3 a {£ K. b ?3 *'- ^r ^ '"^ ^ "^ t^ • l-l ••-4 c . Q^ c IS" /^ •:=; g 1 a p^^^Ohjk^pq p^h^Wh^Ph H^^f^ea^^l ^ •p3AU joeinoqAl COCOCOOOCO OOC^-'sit*-'*^'^ COOCOO-^-rH lO .C?^C^— < -^ (?1 CO CO to cq (M (^:) c^ GO >0 <3q (M CO lO CO ^ O u a rS - a a o c3 CO ?-i cc be 03 a o O 1=3 g ^ a fcc ^ o o c3 O 03 o C3 03 f-^ 03 • .—4 J -i .22 ^ zn Hkh c/2 m xfim CO cq f— t 1— 1 I— 1 O O CM CO CO Cq r-t CO o o o o fipfifl a c3 o3 .a bo OH c Ph o c3 0? 03 ri C3 c3 'S ^ e3 0^020 a> d rn XJl ..— ( o ^" ^ 03 fl ^ C3 a rJS 03 o 6 3 o o O »— 1 39 a a O I— I Oh a 40 ?>* tsi is 60 is o to • is • • "^ '^ O lO xO 2 S e3 00 00 r-i ?— 1 O lo 22 00 " CO I-H « CO •m U t-i i-( 1-1 O O OJ ® rQ ^ t>> J>, e8 a a c3 c3 A o o :3 C3 ftp • O ^ • . S 00 QO -^ '-d^ §* r-;'-! lO lO u •^ w^ GO CO « 00 o r-i 1-1 o cq cq ^" -2 ft CM ^2 -^ o o ^^ o o a o o • 1— 1 •4-> C3 o a CT" a c3 o3 O a d o o O w. 1 o ^ >^ a c a •r" O) a> c3 o 1— 1 f-( S fi a bo S3 Cj S-; c3 ti S t-t bC-O to r3 C c3 j3 TJ C3 TS c3 C3 c3 rS c3 I— < /^ ;2i MO K HH •4-> _o CO a o is O s §■ a O til o 1 9 p-:^ f^ a a 5 ^ c3 1-5 PM .=5 f> i-H to I-H ^ Jr- -i^" «^ -^ ^" CO* '"' 'peAi938i uaq^ CO S >- oo . to g)00 g <1 t-5 o I— 1 w a a a •— < t4 a 02 41 DESCRIPTION OF ESCAPED PRISONERS. December 2t, 1854. At Large. William C. Reeves; native of Texas. Sent for grand larceny from Mariposa, in October, 1852, for five years. 24 years of age, 5 feet, 9| inches high, dark complexion, blue eyes, auburn hair; has a blood scar on right thigh; vaccina- tion mark. At Large. James Smith was sent from Sacramento in October, 1851, for grand larceny; sentenced to two years. He escaped from the Prison Brig in January, 1852, and was retaken March, 1854. A baker by trade. At Large. James R. Atkins, a native of Illinois, Sent from Sacramento in Oct. 1854, for five years. Crime, grand larceny. Is 30 years of age, 5 feet 10 inches high, fair complexion, grey eyes, auburn hair. Badly Wounded, at Large. Henry A. Stephens, a native of Ohio, sent from Sacramento at same date and for same charge as James R. Atkins. Sentenced to five years. Is 29 years of age, 5 feet 11 J inches high, fair complexion, grey eyes, dark hair. Has a scar on left arm a little below the elbow : scar on left foot. Killed. John Henderson, alias Boyle, a native of Massachusetts. Was sent from Sierra county, in May, 1854, for burglary. Sentenced to three years. A piauo forte maker by trade. 5 feet 9 inches high, fair complexion, blue eyes, black hair. Has a scar on corner of right eye; one over left eye; *' 100" in India ink o.n left hand, between thumb and fore finger; one large and 2 small dots in ink on right hand. 'O' Retaken. Collin Douglass, a native of Scotland. Was sent from El Dorado county in August last. Crime, grand larceny. Tor one year. Is 22 years of age, 5 feet 6 42 8J inches high, fair complexion, blue eyes, black hair. Has a scar on the crown of his head, size of a quarter dollar. Wounded, at Large. Michael Hines, a native of Ireland. Was sent from San Francisco in October, 1853. Crime, grand larceny. For three years and nine mouths. Is 35 years of age, a stone-cutter and machinist by trade. 5 feet *l\ inches high, fair com- plexion, hazel eyes, dark hair, top of head nearly bald; small cut under right eye, and one back of it on right temple ; two cuts under right eye ; two pock marks corner of left eye. At Large. George Wright, a native of England. Was sent from San Francis^.o, for highway robbery, m August, 1853, for 10 years. Is a steward by occupation, 22 years of age, 5 feet 6 inclies high, fair complexion, dark eyes, dark hair. Has a large white spot under the pupil of the left eye. At Large, Badly Wounded. William Powers, a native of New York. Was sent from San Francisco in August, 1853, for highway robbery, (two indictments). Sentenced to 20 years. Is a painter by trade, 32 years of age, 5 feet 10 J inches high, fair com- plexion, blue eyes, light hair. TJ. S. coat of arms on his breast, seaman's guide on the right urm, a sailor with U. S. flag and uplifted cutlass, a figure with an Indian and musket standing under a tree, scar on the nose and one above the left ear. Wounded, at Large. Wilham Watkins, a native of Yirginia. Was sent, for burglary, from San Francisco, in June, 1851, for ten years. Is 29 years of age, 5 feet 8 J inches high, light complexion, blue eyes, light hair. Has a scar on left temple, slight scar on right cheek, small scar on top of his head. Retaken, Thigh Broken by a Ball. William Fleck, a native of Ohio. Waas sent from Placer county, for grand larceny, in June, 1853, for ten years. Is 26 years of .age, 5 feet t inches high, fair complexion, hazel eyes, dark hair, small scar on under part of his chin. Retaken, Wounded. George Uiley, a native of Kew York. Was sent from Sacramento, for grand larceny, in November, 1853, for four years. Is 24 years ot age, a moulder by trade, 5 feet 2J inches high, dark complexion, black hair, black eyes. 43 Retaken. C. Gr. Smith, a native of Texas. Was sent from Sacramento, for grand larceny, in October, 1854, for two years. Is 31 years of age, a surveyor by occupation, 5 feet 10 J inches high, light complexion, blue eyes, light hair. Has a scar on left cheek. Retaken. Wounded. William Terry, a native of Ireland. Was sent from San Francisco, for one year, in September, 1854, for grand larceny. Is a sailor, 26 years old, 5 feet 6J inches high, light complexion, grey eyes, dark hair, scar on right corner of his mouth, cross eyes. Killed, in attem'pting a Recapture. Juan Marier, a native of France. Was sent from Alameda, for grand larceny, in May, 1854, for three years. Is 23 years of age, 5 feet 6 inches high, fair complexion, brown eyes, dark hair, scar over the lip, on the right. Retaken, Dangerously Shot. John Welch, a native of Ireland. Was sent from Sacramento, in February, 1851, for grand larceny. Sentenced to ten years. Is 36 years of age, 5 feet 8 1 inches high, fair complexion, blue eyes, dark hair, two ^ars ou right eye- brow, branded on both cheeks, vaccinated on right arm. "^ Retakeji, Wounded. * William Bryafit, alias Sydney Brown, a native of England. Sent from Yuba, for grand larceny, in October, 1854, for ten years. Is 21 years of age, 5 feet 10| inches high, fair complexion, hazel eyes, dark hair, heavy eyebrows. Killed. Henry Wilson, a native of Pennsylvania. Sent from San Francisco, for grand larceny, in April, 1854, for one year. Is 19 years old, 5 feet 41 inches high, fair complexion, hazel eyes, light hair. His right arm has been broken at the elbow and cannot be stretched nor closed against the body. Two large moles on the chin and one on the right jaw. Retaken. P. Davidson, a native of Kentucky. Sent from Sacramento, in November, 1854,' for two years. Crime, grand larceny. Is a plasterer by trade, 5 feet 8 J inches high, 24 years of age, dark complexion, blue eyes, auburn hair. Has a small scar over right eyebrow, small one ou left cheek. 44 Badly Wounded, at Large. Richard Berry, a native of Ireland. Was sent from San Francisco, for grand larceny, in July, 1854, for four years. Is 29 years of age, a sail maker by trade, 5 feet 5J inches high, dark complexion, black eyes, black hair, bracelet round right wrist in India ink, R. R. B., R. B. and M. B. and M. M. on right arm. Bliot in the Hip, at Large. John Lincoln, a native of I^ew York. Was sent from San Francisco, for grand larceny, in July, 1854, for five years. Is a machinist and engineer by trade, 28 years of age, 5 feet 8J inches high, fair complexion, blue eyes, dark hair, small wart under right eye. 45 [C] STATEMENT Of the Place of Nativity and Occupation of the Prisoners, the Counties where* sentenced, and the crimes of which they were convicted : PLACE OF NATIVITY. Massachusetts, New-York, Ireland, Denmark, - South Carolina, Brazil, Maryland, Virginia, - France, England, - Delaware, Kentucky, Ohio, - Germany, - California, Chili, Maine, Pennsylvania, West Indies, - Mexico, Pern, - Portugal, Canada, Panama, Italy, - Scotland, District Columbia, New-Jersey, Missouri, Texas, Argentine Republic, Hungary, Connecticut, Illinois, Rhode Island, - New-Hampshire, 23 50 45 2 4 2 8 13 22 38 1 8 19 26 20 16 2 26 2 68 4 3 4 1 2 1 3 4 5 4 2 2 3 T 2 4 46 Sandwich Islands, ----- i Indiana, -,- - - - - -4 Alabama, ------ 4 Cuba, -,- -- - - -1 China, - - - - - - - 13 Louisiana, - - - -- - -4 Yermont, .-._._ ^j Florida, - - - - - - - 1 East Indies, ------ 1 Malta, - - - - - - - 2 Sweden, - - . - ' - - 2 Korway, - - - - - - -1 iS^ova Scotia, --_-.. 1 Bavaria, - - - - - - -1 Westphalia, - - - - - - 1 Michigan, -- - - - - -1 Belgium, ------ 1 Australia, - - - - - --i Tennessee, - - - - - - 2 Georgia, - • - - - - - .1 Newfoundland, - - - - - - 1 North Carolina, - - - - - - 1 Trinidad, - - - - - - 1 OCCUPATION OF THE CONVICTS. Cabinet Makers, - - - - - 4 Farmers, - - - - - - -19 Surveyors, - - - - - - 2 Laborers, -- - - - - -118 Sailors, - - - - - - . • 62 Confectioners, - - - - - - 4 Coopers, -- - - - -- 5 Bakers, - - -- - - -11 Coach Smith, ------ 1 Tailors, - - - - - - - 9 Gardener, - - - - - - 1 Moulders, - ' , - - - - - - 6 Millwrights, - - - - ' - - 4 Engineers^ - - - - - - -3 Saddlers, ------ 5 Marble Cutters, - - - - - - 3 Clerks, 15 Painters, - - - -.- - -.3 Vine Dresser, - - - - - - 1 Silversmiths, - . • - . - - 2 Printers, . - Sawyer, - - . - Fireman, - • - Gunsmith, ------- Carpenters, - - - - - - 2" Yaqueros, - - - - - -I 47 Tin Smiths, ------ 2 Musicians, - - - - - - -4 Iron Roller, - - - - - - . 1 Ranclieros, - - - - - - -3 Soldier, - - -- -', - x Shoemakers, - - '- - - - 10 Lawyers, - - - - - - 2 Cooks, - - - -- - -It Jewellers, ------ 4 Adobe builder, - - - - -*-l Washmen,' - - - - - _ 4 Weaver, -- - - -. - -i Circus rider, ------ 1 Loom maker, - - - - . . 1 Sail " - - ■ - . • - ... 2 Cotton-factor, - - . - .. - . j Miners, ---._. 9 Bar keepers, - - - - . - 2 Coachman, - - - - - . j Storekeepers, - - - - . - 13 Ox-drivers, ------ 4 Hostlers - - - -. _ -4 Butchers, - - - - - . 5 Blacksmiths, - - - - . - .10 Tobacconist, -----. j Turners, - - - - - . -2 Painter, ------ j Farriers, - - - - - . -2 Barbers, ------ 4 Stewards, - - -'- . _ -12 Chandler, - - - - - . 2. * Packers, - -.- - . - -2 Stevedores, ------ 2 Carbonero, - - - _* _ . Boiler maker, - - . - - . i Tavern keeper, - - - - - , j Coppersmith, ----._ 2 Physician, - - - - - . _ -^ Plasterer, - - - : . . 1 Plumber, - - - ..'_ _-i Bricklayer, *- - - .-.'i 1 1 1 Piano forte maker. Trainer of Horses, Psdler, Gamblers, - • - - . . -* 2 Indians, - -.. _ __ -4 Caulker, Porter, Stone Mason, Oigar makers, - - - . - - - 3 JMachinist, - - . . . , n Ship Carpenters, - - - . - - 3 Fisherman, - - . . .' _ 2 Harness makers, - - - - . - 2 1 1 1 48 [B.] AGES OF CONYICTS. 55 under 20 years. Ill between 20 and 25. 107 between 25 and 30. Ill between 30 and 40. 23 between 40 and 50. 6 between 50 and 60. 1 between 60 and 70. •74 not reported. 654 Total. Whole 'No. of prisoners admitted, discharged, Males, Females, escaped, pardoned, - - - - died, - - - - - killed, - - • - - remaining on 10th January, 1855, unaccounted for, - - - 554 - 138 75 - 38 1 8 292 2 550 4 554 49 COUNTIES WHERE SENTENCED. Alameda, - - - - - -- - 2 Amador, - - - - -- - - -2 Butte, -- . _ _ _ . . g Colusi, .------__2 Calaveras, - - -- - -- - 28 Contra Costa, - - - - -v - - -10 El Dorado, -------- 34 Humboldt, . - - , _ _ _ - 00 Klamath, - - - - -- -. 00 Los Angeles, - - - - -,.. -9 Marin, - - - -.- -- - 4 Mariposa, - - - - - • - . _ - 36 Monterey, - - - - - .... 5 Napa, - - -- - - -. -1 Nevada, - - - - _■. --10 Placer, - -- - - - - - -20 Sacramento, --------go San Diego, - - - - -- - -2 San Francisco, - - -" - - . - 152 San Joaquin, ... . . - . . -36 San Luis Obispo, - - ... . _ 2 Santa Barbara, --------i Santa Clara, - - -- - - - -10 Shasta, - - - -•- - --..y Sierra, ----.... 5 Siskiyou, - - - - - -'- - -8 Solano, - - - - - -,- - 4 Sonoma, - - - *- - - - --1 Sutter, - - - ._. . . 2 Trinity, - - - - - - - . . 6 Tulare, ------.. x Tuolumne, - - - - -- - -33 Yuba, - - - - . - . - 24 CRIMES UPON WHICH CONVICTED. Burglary, - - - - . . - * . 20 Grand larceny, - - - - . . . . 381 Manslaughter, - - - - . . . X8 Rape, - - - - -• . -•_ -9 Sodomy, - - - . . . ._ ,j Perjury, - - - •- . - . . - 4 Mayhem, -----... 4 Assault with intent to kill, - - - - - - 32 7 50 94. Highway robbery, - - - " . " ' ' f** Murder, - - ' 1 Assisting prisoners to escape, - • - - " " * Assault with deadly weaj^ons, - - ■ " ' - ' l Arson, - - ' " " " " " „ Keceiving stolen goods ^ "'"""* 3 Assault and battery - - 5L [D.] LIST OF EMPLOYEES AT STATE PRISON, NOVEMBER 26, 1854. A. H. Pillow, Superintendent. John M. Gray, Assistant Superintendent. Asa Estes, Captain of the Guard. B. F. PuLLEN, Assistant Captain. Joseph R. Gray, Assistant Captain. Alexander Read, Commissary, Charles P. Batchelder, Guard. John M. Gray, " L. D. Jones, " Charles W. Robinson, " Timothy Rogers, '' Sartial Root, " Stephen Welsh, Jennings Estill, '' Samuel Gillespie, " Arthur Andrews, George W. Woods, J. M. Smith, William A. Ilobbs, John McKenzie, " John Fleming, " William Snyder, " Hiram Cation, " M. M. Kenuey, " H. Bristol, George W. Wells, E. P. Fisher, T. F. Hardy, JHneas Dewer, Thomas Simpson, K U l( it 52 [E.] Oefice of the Board of State I^rison Inspectors, ] Sacramento, December, 1854. j Sir:— You are respectfully requested to report, by mail, to the undersigned, a correct statement of the criminal records of your county since its organization. ^ You will please to state — 1. Number of indictments tried in your county. 2. Number of convictions and nature of offences. 3. Kind and degree of punishment. 4. Number of convictions for felony, names of convicts, date of sentence, term of imprisonment, if any, and date of commitment in each case. 5. Number of capital executions. 6. Number of escapes from the County Jail, and names of convicts sentenced to imprisonment in the State Prison escaped from the County Jail, or from the Sheriff whilst removing them to the State Prison, or released on habeas corpus, and the date of their escape or release. 1. The condition of the County Jail, and such other information touching the subject matter as may occur to you and as it may be convenient to give. "Very respectfully, yours, H. W. CARPENTIER, J. MILLER, R. N. SNOWDEN^, State Prison Inspectors. To : , Esq., County Clerk of county. 53 [F.] THE STATE PRISOK Executive Department, ] Sacramento, Oct. 20th, 1854. J Messrs. Miller, Carpentier and Snowden, State Prison Inspectors : Gentlemen : Having learned from various reliable sources- that quite a number of escapes have recently occurred from the State Prison, which, to some extent is in your charge, I deem it my duty respectfully to invite your attention to the section of law regulating your duties, which reads as follows : " Sec. 7. The Inspectors shall make all rules and regulations which they may deem proper for the discipline of the prison, and not inconsistent with law, for the safe keeping, health and cleanliness of the prisoners, copies of which they shall cause to be posted up in conspicuous parts of the prison and prison grounds. On or before the first day of February of each year, the said Inspectors shall make a report in writing to the Legislature, which report shall contain an account of the condition and management of the prison, and a full exhibition of the government and discipline thereof." It is true that under the above section of law you are required to report to the Legislature on or before the first day of February of each year, but the peculiar state of things now existing, it is hoped, will induce you at once to give the matter careful attention, and report the facts of the case to the Executive at as early a day as possible, and, at the time named in the law, make another report to the Legislature. The escapes which have recently occurred render it necessary, in justice to all concerned, as well as to restore public confidence, that a rigid examination should at once be had as to the condition of the building and the conduct of those having charge of the prisoners. Until such an examination shall have been had, and the true state of the case made known, erroneous impressions, prejudicial to the character of all con- nected, either directly or indirectly, with the management of the prison, will gain currency and credence. These escapes, permit me here to remark, give great force to allegations, daily and publicly made, that the prison building is insecure, and that its manage- ment is not such as to fully accomplish the object of its erection, in the preven- tion and punishment of crime. The number and frequency of these escapes will greatly embolden the vicious, and unless carefully guarded against hereafter, will have a tendency to increase 54 crime. It is, therefore, deemed highly important that a thorough examination should be made, and all defects, whether in the building or the discipline of the prison, remedied immediately, so as to render escape hereafter impossible. As. the lessee and those employed by him in guarding the prisoners, are deeply interested in having the true state of the case made known, I desire you to obtain from them information in relation to the building, as well as to the their management of the prisoners, whilst employed outside of the prison building. I also desire you to report fully the whole number received by the lessee, and their respective names ; the number and names of those released by expira- tion of time ; the number and names of those pardoned by the Executive ; the number and names of those who have escaped ; the number and names of those retaken ; the number and names of those who have died, and also the number and names of those now in prison, the date of sentence of each, and the date of expiration of time. If the lessee, or those in his employ as keepers, desire to introduce testimony explanatory of the causes of the escapes eifected, I would suggest the propriety of affording them the opportunity, the great and only object being to ascertain the facts, and guard against the recurrence of similar escapes in the future. Section 6th of the 5th Article in the Constitution authorizes the Governor at any time to require information in writing from public officers, upon any subject relating to the duties of their respective offices. To this section, and also the ^th section of the same article, which declares that he, (the Governor,) " shall see that the laws are laithfully executed," your attention is respectfully invited, not that I entertain doubts as to your willingness to respond to this communi- cation, but merely to satisfy yourselves and others that my action in the premises is fully authorized. I have the honor to be, Very respectfully, Your ob't. servant, JOHN BIGLER. 1 cz C37 fYT r^ '/^ ''„'''. ''>>''>i/^.';;.?^'C '^'<\'' '■r»r '^.^ A- A * />.' -^^ A, A ■ f^$W^^-^^^ A/^; VA ■'^5^:'^^o^,^'- ->;f- .",,'^.'^\- ■^A,A.^ 5r!''^'^ ^' :-^A^, ;AA^^Aft^ ,^AAfl '^R«{: A/^. A^A mm. '^A^ ,0^^^^mimh^ ' 5 /N'-'i-'A'' ^^^t-^-.- 'mm, r; '\ ' rS' -'^A' wmmMmM^' \^^¥r; M^oio^ A rf*i, A ^^S^^v