& s r+ 3 r S8 BANCROFT LIBRARY THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2007 with funding from IVIicrosoft Corporation http://www.archive.org/details/allegedjourneyreOOstanrich Volume XII. SEPTEMBER, 1919 Number 4 '-. cy^^-J^^^f n K^ . I ir A 1 1 A MAGAZINE TOR. COLORADO" OFFICIAL ORGAN OF THE SOCIETY OF SONS OF COLORADO. Member Federal Reserve Bank District No. 10 ESTABLISHED 1884 The Denver National Bank DENVER, COLORADO UNITED STATES DEPOSITORY CAPITAL, - - - ^ $1,000,000 SURPLUS AND UNDIVIDED PROFITS, 1,500,000 JOHN C. MITCHELL, President HENRY M. PORTER, Vice President EDWARD S. IRISH, Cashier HARRY C. JAMES, Vice President J. W. HUDSTON, Assistant Cashier W. B. MORRISON, Vice President W. FAIRCLOTH, Assistant Cashier B. F. BATES, Assistant Cashier Kindly make application to receive our complimentary Monthly Bulletin of Agricultural, Industrial and Mining Conditions in Colorado, Wyoming and New Mexico. 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ESTABLISHED 1884 DENVER. - COLORADO The Scholtz Drug Company DENVER'S DRUGGISTS ACCOMMODATING Seven Stores or Superior Service Supplying Doctor and Patient witk Everything in the Drug Line Our Mail Order Department gives prompt and efficient service STORE LOCATIONS Main Store - - IGtli fe? Curtis Central Store ~ IGtli fe? California Broadway Store ~ i7tli &? Broadway Capitol Store - Colfax fe? Broadway Loop Store - - I5tk fe? Arapahoe Metropolitan Store IGtk £k? Court Place Welton Store - - IStk &? Welton DENVER, COLO. General Banking, Individual G? Corporate Trusts lEe American Bank & Trust Company Ihe Pioneer Insurance Office CD.Cobb&Co. Est-(<^a'i To the Editor of The Trail : You have requested me to furnish you, for publication, the results of my investigations as to the truthful- ness of the story of James White's alleged journey, on a raft, down 550 miles of the Colorado River, in 1867, as officially reported by Dr. C. C. Parry to Gen. William J. Palmer in 1868. Those investigations comprise a part of a two volume work which I have written, but not yet published, giving the history of "The Explora- tion, Navigation and Survey of the Colorado River of the West" — from 1540 to the present time — "From the Standpoint of an Engineer." The White story itself covers two hun- dred pages, or more — too long for you to print. I have consented to write this brief synopsis of my re- searches, in advance of the publica- tion of my book, with this explana- tion: Everyone who has discussed the story, particularly Mr. Thomas F. Dawson in his pamphlet, printed by the United States Senate in 1917, has done so on the basis of the pos- sibility and probability of its truth, and nearly every one with little knowledge of the historical facts of the origin and development of the tale, and judging from their wri- tings, with extremely little knowl- edge of the true nature of the Colo- rado and the interior of its canons. My investigations were made from an entirely different stand- point. I know the Colorado per- sonally and intimately from its head to its mouth, having made a railway survey through all of its canons, during 1889 and 1890, and navi- gated its turbulent waters in a boat from Green River to the Gulf of California, besides spending several years on the river after that time. In making my investigations, I had but one idea — to get at the truth or falsity of the tale by gathering facts, not the theories or opinions of men, however eminent and honorable they were and sincere their opinions might be. Therefore, my main effort was devoted to finding, if possible, original documents written during THE TRAIL and about the years 1867 and 1868, and also getting a detailed account of his journey from the lips of James White himself. In all this, I was successful beyond my utmost expectation. First, I became personally ac- quainted with White, in September, 1907, visited him at his home in Trinidad, Colorado, and, with the aid of a stenographer, took down in shorthand his story as he voluntarily related it, after which I submitted him to an extended cross-examina- tion, asking him numerous ques- tions. The interview was taken down, written out and sworn to by a personal friend of White's and a former schoolmate of his children. An Estimate of White's Character. Right at the start, let me make myself clear as to my estimate of White. After talking with him so many hours, and corresponding with him for several years, I am sure he is and always has been an honest, truthful and sincere man, as far as his mental abilities would permit him to be, never intending to mis- represent or exaggerate his real ex- ploit on the Colorado, nor has he ever, of his own knowledge, told a single untruth about his journey, or his personal experiences, on the river or before he reached it. On the other hand, however, White is a man of simple mind, with almost no education, and lacking in any logi- cal, reasoning faculty. Or to put it in the words of Dr. William A. Bell, words written after he had visited and talked with White, in 1917, — "being the simple, uneducated and ignorant man that he is", etc. Nevertheless, when I first met White, in September, 1907, he was in perfect, vigorous health, follow- ing his vocation as a public express- man, in no way showing his seventy years, except in the color and ab- sence of his hair. In the ordinary things of everyday life, his mind was as clear as crystal, so that it can be truthfully said that he was in full possession of his wonted powers both physical and mental — modest, kind and gentlemanly, and showing no disposition to glorify himself or his adventures. After hearing White's version of the story as he dictated it, I soon be- came convinced that it was made up of actual personal experiences and adventures, which, at the age of thirty, were firmly fixed in his mind because of their uncommon and startling nature, and were clearly remembered and related truthfully and sincerely; together with certain supposed facts which had been im- parted to him by others and which he believed implicitly, and which he embellished, occasionally, from his own faulty memory — faulty, be- cause the supposed facts were not his personal experiences, and the times when and places where the incidents described should have oc- curred were badly mixed in his mind, and with no logical reasoning faculty whatever, he had no concep- tion that his embellishments were direct contradictions of the various claims he was making. The embel- lishments, I speak of, were not un- true in themselves, but were mis- placed as to time and space. Therefore, I attempted to separate the truth from the fiction by extend- ing my cross-examination. In Mr. Dawson's pamphlet, the Hon. S. W. DeBusk, a personal friend of White's, says: "To get from him what the average writer or reporter wants, it is necessary to inject ques- tions frequently — ^to go back a little now and then." On this point I claim that until my interview of 1907, no one else had interviewed White, and recorded what he said, who pos- sessed the necessary information on the river and its canons to do so and THE TRAIL get at the truth. This applies par- ticularly to Dr. Parry, because only a fraction of that information exist- ed in 1868. It may be objected that possibly the questions I asked White brought out only that side of the story which, as Mr. DeBusk says, the average writer or reporter wants. My ques- tions were all recorded by the steno- grapher, and I make this positive declaration that in the direct exam- ination not one of them was a lead- ing or misleading inquiry, nor in a form that injEluenced his answers; and further, that during the cross- examination, where the questions were more searching, no question I asked, whatever its form, ever caused him to vary one particle from what he had already stated. For instance, when White, as proof of his having made the long canon journey, related to me so confident- ly and in detail how he had passed the mouth of the Green River, the San Juan, the Little Colorado, and that he had travelled on his raft 550 miles, I was convinced, from what he had already told me, that he had not gotten these supposed facts and names from his own knowledge, but I did not ask him — "Who told you that?" Not at all. I asked him in every instance, "How did you know it was the Green, the Little Colo- rado, and that you had travelled 550 miles?" His invariable answer was truthful and sincere, "I didn't know it then, Gen. Palmer told me after- wards." To accept only a part of a wit- ness's testimony and reject all the rest is perfectly proper, and is in accord with the rules of evidence. Never mind how honest or dishonest a witness may be, if each of his statements can be proved or dis- proved by known and accepted facts, or by unanswerable scientific deductions, we are compelled to be- lieve the one and reject the other. Thus, when White told me that on a certain night, fixed as to date by the known day he arrived at Call- ville and his claim that he was on the river fourteen days, that on that night he was at the mouth of Green River, and standing 50 feet above the water, he could "see out all over the mesa", by the light of the moon, I am bound to reject the whole statement for these two reasons. At the mouth of the Green, the solid canon walls stand some 1500 feet high, cut- ting off all view of any mesa even by daylight, and a little astronomi- cal calculation shows that on that date, in 1867, there was no jnoon- light at all. Furthermore, he said that on a certain day at a certain place far- ther down, but well up in the Grand Canon (by Dr. Parry's dates and White's statement) , he left his camp very early and by moonlight, while astronomy says no moon shone at that time. Also, as proof that he had gone through the "Big Canon", he stated that on his raft trip, on the "twelfth day" he saw the flag pole erected by the first steamboat that came up the river, and in his letter of 1917, in Dawson's pamphlet (page 42), he repeats this in these words : "While floating in the moon- light [this time on the thirteenth day] , I saw a pole sticking between two large rocks, which I afterwards learned the Government had placed there some years before, as the end of its journey." Not one of these statements is a willful untruth. He undoubtedly saw all of these things, and most probably by moonlight, but the fal- sity of them consists in fixing the time and place when and where he saw them, and using this as proof that he made the 550 mile river journey. He claims to have seen the flag pole on the twelfth or thirteenth 8 THE TRAIL day of his raft trip, when, in fact, that flag pole was erected some five miles below Callville, and he says he landed at Callville on the "four- teenth day". The solution of this last error is that he saw the flag pole on one of his subsequent trips between Callville and Fort Mojave and very probably by moonlight too, and he has confused the time and place in his mind and coupled them with his raft journey. The big canon he had in mind was the Black Canon — the biggest one he ever saw (as I shall show) and it is a big canon, and so appeared to Lieutenant Ives, and the artist Egloffstein who showed it immensely large in his marvelous pictures ten years before White's time. In this same manner, I have ana- lyzed everything White has said or written, that I have been able to find on record, from his letter to his brother, September 26th, 1867, his interview with Dr. Parry, about Jan- uary 1st, 1868, his interview with me, September 23d, 1907, on down to his last written statements of 1917, printed in Dawson's pamph- let. By this same method everyone of his personal experiences on the river, and his real knowledge of what he saw, the truth of which does not depend upon time and place, is shown to be absolutely cor- rect. Old Documents Found. Second, I have gathered many old letters on the subject, especially those written by the men who were at Callville and met and talked with White on his arrival. With two ex- ceptions, they are the originals, in the handwriting of their authors. Included among these are some from Hardy, Grandin, Adams and Till- man — ^the last named being the man who took White off his raft — and when analyzed in the same way, these letters disprove almost every conclusion Dawson draws from the statements of some of these same men as quoted by Major Calhoun, as being any evidence and proof that White did make the long 500 mile canon raft trip. Third, after some search, I had in my possession for some time, and had it photographed, the original in his own handwriting of White's now famous letter to his brother of 1867. A short discussion of this will fol- low. Fourth, after a much longer search, I found, got into my posses- sion, and also had it photographed, the very paper on which Dr. Parry wrote his original notes of his first interview with White at Hardyville, Arizona, about January 1st, 1868. Parry's report is dated January 6th, 1868. This was my most valuable find, for now we know just what White told the Doctor at that early day. This document discloses a fact, which, even with my long condem- nation of Dr. Parry's fanciful tale, I had never dreamed could be pos- sible; which is, that Dr. Parry did not report to General Palmer all White told him of his river trip, al- though he did report many things White never could have told him, and which are not recorded in the notes. The fact which White related and is recorded in the notes and for some unexplained reason Dr. Parry left out of his report, when under- stood by the facts stated by Major J. W. Powell about a year and a half later, is one of the strongest proofs that White never floated on his raft a single mile on the Colo- rado River above the Grand Wash Cliffs. It will be fully explained in tte due season. All these documents, together with a hundred or so other reports, diaries, notes, letters and facts con- sidered as one, analyzed and tried THE TRAIL by the rules of evidence and the facts of nature and science, are given in full in the manuscript I have written. It is on such real evidence, and not on the opinions of others, nor my own, that I have been compelled to form my final conclusions as they are. All this evidence in the case can not be given here, for it would require perhaps 300 pages of the size of The Trail. I do not ask any- one to accept all my conclusions, simply because I state them in this summary, without seeing the full evidence of proof, but this much I think I have the right to expect — that is, that the reader shall accept every quotation I have made, and shall make from these documents as correctly quoted, even if in some cases, for brevity's sake, they are paraphrased ; especially in view of the fact that I have promised Mr. Dawson, if I am unable to publish my book, that I will have a com- plete typewritten copy of my manu- script, including my review of his 1917 pamphlet, deposited with the Historical Society of Denver, where anyone can verify each quotation and its bearing by chapter, para- graph and line. The Evidence Offered for White. Before giving a part of the con- vincing evidence, as I consider it, which disproves Dr. Parry's story, allow me a moment or two to con- sider some few points in the 1917 pamphlet and the more recent ar- ticle in your February issue, both of them by Mr. Dawson. In your Editorial Note^, you state that the article "is practically a con- tinuation" of his 1917 pamphlet. You are correct, for it is written with the same kind of faith and lack of information as the pamphlet was. About one half of that pamphlet, particiilarly Mr. Dawson's argu- ment, was made up of mere asser- tions, without a single fact or par- ticle of real evidence given to up- hold them. The balance was nothing but personal opinions, generally based on want of knowledge, to- gether with some facts which no one denies who is acquainted with the subject. Only a few examples can be given here to uphold my state- ment and to show how untrust- worthy is nearly all the "evidence" offered for the Parry-White story. Would that you had the space to publish my full review of the pamphlet. In the later article, in The Trail, page 6, speaking of the character of certain letters I wrote him criti- cising his pamphlet, Dawson says: "Mr. Stanton going to the extent of intimating 'motives' on my part." I plead guilty to the charge. And, judging from information received since — furnished by Dawson himself — I feel satisfied that I was justified in what I said. The case was this : In the pamphlet, trying to prove that Major Calhoun did meet and talk with White, which he said he did, while it was always understood, and shown later, that Calhoun never met White; and that the only one of General Palmer's party who did meet him, at Hardyville, Arizona, about January 1st, 1868, was Dr. Parry — Dawson says on page 37: "Parry claims no such exclusiveness for his interview, but he fails to mention the presence of others when it took place. He does say, however, [Parry says] that White was brought to Mojave that * we [Dawson's italics] might see and talk to him.' 'we', not T." When Mr. Frederick S. Dellen- baugh and I read this, we both wrote to Mr. Dawson asking him where he found' the quotation in Dr. Parry's writings. He replied August 21st and 25th, 1917, that it was taken from Dr. Bell's book and gave 10 THE TRAIL the exact page, that is, it was not from Dr. Parry's writings, but from the chapter written by Major Cal- houn, where the statement is made as his own, and not attributed to Dr. Parry! Then, in his letter, Dawson gives his reason for changing the name of the author of his quotation and unqualifiedly stating in the pamphlet that Dr. Parry said it, giv- ing his reason in these words: "The explanation is this, if y'ou really care to know it: Dr. Bell says [in his book, in 1870], that Calhoun wrote the chapter from notes taken by Parry; but I believe that he wrote largely on his own authority. That was my position when I wrote the pamphlet, and is my position still." Which can mean nothing else than, doubting the accuracy of Dr. Bell's knowledge, he, on his unsup- ported opinion, changed the names with some motive in mind, since on another page of the same pamphlet he quotes the same passage, and this time, apparently, not having the same object in view, he rightly credits it to Major Calhoun. With this letter in mind, I was not so much surprised to read, on page 13 of his recent article, a much clearer and more candid confession, where, referring to the incident and giving the quotation I called in ques- tion (not literally but in a very free paraphrase in his own words), he says: "If the Doctor [Parry] had used the expression, it would have gone far toward showing that other members of the surveying party than himself had seen and talked with White. / confess that was my object, but I was not so strongly con- trolled by it as to make deliberate misrepresentation for that purpose, and I take this opportunity to say the statement should have been at- tributed to Calhoun and not to Par- ry". And why, then, wasn't it? It would seem to me, the only question on this point now is — how strongly he had to be controlled to do what he did? As an example of mere assertion, and not upheld by any evidence whatever and made without investi- gation for the purpose of getting at the truth, take the following : In your Editorial Note, you quote Mr. Dawson as giving one of his reasons why he wrote his pamphlet, and referring to the fact that Dr. Parry's account was printed in the Transactions of the Academy of Science of St. Louis, he says: "I concluded that a man [White] who could gain access to the pages of this scientific publication was entitled to more attention than he had received." In his pamphlet, Dawson goes much far- ther. On page 7, referring, as the context shows, to the same Academy, he says: "Later more formal ac- counts appeared and in at least one instance, the achievement [White's journey] received official recogni- tion from an organized body of scientific men." It was not White, nor even Dr. Parry who gained the access, but the paper, so I am informed, was furnished by Mr. J. D. Perry, Presi- dent Union Pacific R. R., Eastern Division; that, however, is unim- portant. But, is it possible that "an old newspaper man" is so totally unacquainted with the rules and cus- toms of scientific societies as to make such a palpably misleading asser- tion as that quoted above? The simple publication in the Transactions of such a Society of a paper, historical, scientific, or what not, does not carry with it any "of- ficial recognition" of any achieve- ments therein described, nor of any supposed facts stated, nor of any opinions expressed by the writer — be he a member of the Society or not. Many societies publish monthly THE TRAIL 11 a warning to that effect. The Acad- emy in question has never done so, but there lies before me a letter from an officer of the Academy in which is stated that, for obvious rea- sons, the same rule has been in force ever since the Academy was organ- ized, and that no action, official or otherwise, was taken on the contents of Dr. Parry's paper, nor had any member on account of the Academy, ever made any investigation into the truth of the "achievement" de- scribed, so far as any records can be found. And yet we are asked to accept such unfounded assertions as evi- dence in support of the White story, and many, many persons do, simply because they are made in a so-called "Government Publication" and writ- ten by an officer of the U. S. Senate. Such "evidence" does carry weight with the uninformed, and of such is about ninety per cent of all the evi- dence offered in the pamphlet. In this case a two cent stamp and a simple request would have saved Mr. Dawson from such a blunder. To uphold my declaration that many of the writers who discuss the White story, do so with a sad lack of knowledge of the Colorado River and its canons, I must refer once more to the 1917 pamphlet. On page 5, Dawson says that White, entering the head of the canon, "found him- self locked within its walls and he continued to the end because he found no means of escape from its compelling embrace" ! Supporting this assertion of his own, he quotes (page 32) from an unsigned news- paper article — "One of White's wit- nesses" — as follows: "Anxiously he [White] watched for some avenue of escape, some crevice or fissure in the adamantine walls which con- fined him, but there was none.*' Of course, in 1868, when this article was written, neither the writer, nor anyone else, knew anything of the interior of the great canons, except at the mouths of Diamond and Cat- aract Creeks — not Cataract Canon — and the last twenty-five miles of the Grand Canon. What I am com- plaining of is that anyone in a serious argument, in 1917, should offer such sheer nonsense as "evidence" when a little examination of the U. S. Geo- logical Survey maps, or a single let- ter to anyone of us who know some little about those canons, would have shown its total inaccuracy. The truth is, there are many places not so many miles apart all through the canons of compara- tively easy egress, through side canons and break downs. Some of these, in the 185 miles of Glen Canon and at Lees Ferry are as easy as walking from lower Denver up Cap- itol Hill, as it was when I first knew it in 1880, And even in Marble and Grand Canons, where the ways out are more difficult, I have climbed out a number of them without trails of any kind, and through one such we carried a wounded man on a stretcher. It is true that in places, of more or less miles in length, there are no such openings and some side canons that look well at first are practically impassable. In the pam- phlet there are a dozen or two more of just such dogmatic asser- tions, founded on nothing except ignorance of the river and its can- ons, and we are asked to believe them all as evidence and proof that White made the long canon jour- ney! The 1919 Article in The Trail. The more recent article in your February number, where Mr. Daw- son introduces some "substantiating testimony," illustrates clearly my other contention that the larger part of the testimony in favor lof the White story comes from witnesses who are either incompetent to tes- 12 THE TRAIL tify, their testimony irrelevant, or else nothing more than personal opinion, generally .formed on lack of information. The first testimony offered is a letter from Captain J. A. Mellon. I have known "Captain Jack" person- ally for now thirty years, first on his steamboat on the Colorado, and later lived in his home town in Cali- fornia for several years, besides cor- responding with him on Colorado River subjects. I have nothing but love and respect for Captain Mellon, and in my history of steamboating on the Lower Colorado he has a place in that little band of heroes who did so much with their steamboats, / half a century or more ago, to build up an empire in our Southwest. And yet, with all due respect, I am com- pelled to show that the letter Daw- son prints contains not one particle of admissable evidence or testimony to the correctness of the White story. What the letter shows is simply this: that Captain Mellon has an opinion on the subject and has ex- pressed it. I believe that it a well established rule in court proceedings that before the mere opinion of a witness can be received as evidence, he must qualify as an expert in the case. Dawson, it would seem, attempts to do this for his witness. On page 6, he says: "and there is probably no man liv- ing who knows the Colorado as he knows it," and following the letter asks this question : "Aside from the testimony of some one who had come through with White, what could be more convincing than this letter from Captain Mellon?" If Mr. Dawson had confined his first statement to the Lower Colo- rado — below all of the great canons —I would agree with him absolute- ly, but to apply it to the whole river, as he does, is simply incoffiprehen- sible< What does Captain Mellon say? This, and nothing more : "I have been seventy-five miles higher up the river than was supposed to be navigable; that brings you to Rio Virgin, twenty-five miles above Call- ville." He does not claim to have seen one mile, nor to have any per- sonal knowledge of the river, above the Virgin, nor did he ever so claim in his conversations with, or letters to me. On the evidence submitted, then, he is not competent as an ex- pert to give his mere opinion on the 500 miles of the canon portion of the Colorado, and therefore, his unsup- ported opinion is worthless as evi- dence in any court. Captain Mellon undoubtedly formed his opinion from his ex- periences on the lower Colorado, or from hear-say, when he compares the chances of White's raft and Ma- jor Powell's boats in running the rapids in the great canons. He says of the Boulder and Black canons, below the Virgin, and which he knew thoroughly: "There are some pretty heavy rapids" in them. For his big steamboat, of course, that is correct; but those rapids are to the really big rapids in the Cataract, Marble and Grand Canons, about as a ripple on a canal is to the Whirl- pool Rapids below Niagara, with a thousand times more exposed boul- ders in them, which must be steered by, in almost every case, or the Nav- igator meets destruction and meets it suddenly. Through most of these great rap- ids in the upper Canons, there is a channel between the rocks, almost always crooked and sometimes in the shape of a letter S. Through these tortuous channels Major Pow- ell's and my boats were guided by expert steersmen, though not always without accident, usually caused by "side waves and fountains", as we call them, and, to use the argument THE TRAIL 13 of probability, White's raft, with no means of guiding, would have been dashed against the rocks hundreds of times (if it had kept on going), broken up, the pieces and White himself — or his dead body — carried into the whirlpools and eddies and held there for weeks, months and may be years. Pardon me, please ; but this is a qualified expert's opinion, for I have seen rafts, logs, boats, men, and dead bodies treated in exactly that manner by the pitiless Colorado — many, many times. Captain Mellon, himself confirms this opinion when telling of the unguided railroad ties. Some of them took five years to get out of the eddies and come through ! My good friend Captain Jack is getting old, and I fear his memory must be failing, or else Flavell was more boastful to him than he was to others, when the Captain says of Flavell's successful trip down the Colorado in 1896: "Clark never got out of his boat in any of the rapids — he ran every one of them." I first knew of George F. Flavell's trip (he is sometimes called "Clark") by two of my river assistants meet- ing him on his way down Green River in 1896, before he entered the Colorado. Later on, from Lees Fer- ry and below, Flavell wrote to His- lop and Edwards telling of his pro- gress and, from the mouth of the Virgin, wrote to me telling of his success. All of these letters lie before me on my desk. In them Flavell tells the number and exact location of all the rapids HE DID NOT RUN, and around which he portaged and let down by lines, and the number of times his boat "got stove in" against the rocks and had to be repaired and rebuilt! Therefore, Flavell's trip is no more an "invaluable argu- ment in support of White", as Daw- son says on page 7, than Major Powell's and mine are, since all three of us had exactly the same ex- periences, more or less. Captain Mel- Ion's memory and unsupported opinion to the contrary notwith- standing. What then, in all fairness, is the value of my good friend Captain Jack's letter as evidence or testi- mony in favor of Dr. Parry's claim for White, or what is the value of Dawson's opinion — "I regard the Mellon letter as one of the strongest possible proofs of the absolute truth of White's narrative"? And yet there are many who believe such "evidence" and positively asserted opinions, because they have no knowledge of the true facts, and the writers do not give them. The next substantiating testimony offered in the article are quotations from letters from Dr. William A. Bell. There is not a man who has ever discussed the White story, for whom I have a greater admiration or higher regard than Dr. Bell. I have never met him in person, but have had considerable correspond- ence with him on the subject of White's trip during 1907 and '08 and 1917 and '18. It was I who sent him his first copy of Dawson's pamphlet. And immediately on his return from Trinidad he wrote me quite a full account of his visit and talk with White. Later, he wrote me everything Dawson quotes from him, and almost in the exact same words — and much more. After giving Dr. Bell's outline of White's trip, in which he starts him some forty miles above the mouth of the San Juan River, Dawson re- marks: "It would seem that even Stanton might accept the Canyon trip as the Doctor outlines it." I will give my reasons why that is im- possible. In 1917, I sent Dr. Bell my full White manuscript including my long 14 THE TRAIL interview, Dr. Parry's original notes and my analysis of them, and my complete review of Dawson's pam- phlet and he is the only man — whether friend or opponent of the White story — who has read the com- plete document. Many earnest let- ters passed between us in discussing it. The doctor retained some of my manuscript for months, finally re- turning it, he wrote me his conclu- sions under date of February 21st, 1918. His letter began: "You have taken infinite pains to show how un- trustworthy is the evidence that White passed through the whole length of the canons of the Colora- do." He then discussed some points, took me to task, quite severely, for the "tone" of my writing and the severity of my criticisms, and con- cluded his letter in these words: "You may think me very inconsist- ent, and you may criticise me sev- erely in your usual way, when I say that the fact that none of those who have themselves passed through the canons of the Colorado, believe, so far as I know, that White could pos- sibly have got through on the rafts from — say the San Juan to Callville, carries great weight to my mind. If we leave out Cataract Canon and start him off below the mouth of the San Juan, he would scarcely make light of all the rapids save one. In Powell's short report, I republished in 1870, he mentions falls twenty and twenty-two feet high in the granite portion, beginning fifteen miles below the Chiquito. Kolb's ac- count of his difficulties I found very ■ instructive. I wish you had told us more in detail of the river for that sixty miles above Callville / shall tell my friends in future, if they are interested in the question, that I do not think White did pass through the series of canons he was supposed to have traversed, but that sufficient evidence is still lacking, in my opinion, to definitely fix his start- ing point. I feel that I have had ex- ceptional advantages in having been permitted to read your manu- scripts." Possibly, even Mr. Dawson will see now why I can not follow his suggestion — at this late day. In reply to Dr. Bell's exception as to the exact starting point, I wrote him that independent proof of the the exact starting point, — ^just as Dawson has said of the supposed starting point at the head of the river — is impossible to produce. If it were possible, that one thing would settle the whole question be- yond dispute. But we know that White was on the Colorado when he arrived at Callville, and if it is ad- mitted that he did not go through the series of canons, as Dr. Bell now admits, then it is as true as a corol- lery in mathematics that he started on the river somewhere between the lower end of the Grand Canon and Callville. Whether White started at Pierce's Ferry, which I think most logical from the proofs I shall give shortly as to where he was on the river, or at Scanlon's Ferry, or the gulch lying between them is of little importance. On page 11 of his article, Dawson prints White's letter to his brother, of September 26th, 1867, and says: "I have been almost accused of crime for not incorporating that let- ter in my book." Again I plead guil- ty to the charge. The "crimes" I accused him of were bad memory, inattention to valuable information given him, and want of careful ob- servation in preparing his pamphlet. Introducing the White letter he now says: "Since the appearance of my booklet, my attention has been called to the fact that in a letter written on the 26th of September, 1867, to a brother living at the time in Wisconsin, White gave," etc. THE TRAIL 15 Make particular note of the fact that the pamphlet was issued about August 1st, 1917. Under date of August 3rd, Mr. Dawson honored me with "the first copy sent out." Immediately I wrote him inquir- ing why such an important docu- ment as White's letter had been left out of the pamphlet, and stating that during my visit to him at his home in Washington on January 26th, 1917, I had told him of that letter and where he could get a copy. In a reply written August 25th, Mr. Dawson says of "White's letter, let me say that I remember very well our discussion of that paper in the conversation at my house, or rather your reference to it; [In January, seven months pre- vious.] but I do not recall that there was any mention made as to where it could be obtained." On the latter point we have disagreed. However, granting that I did not tell him then that it had been printed in Outing, yet how can the following facts, and statements made by Mr. Dawson, given here in chronological order, be accounted for except by my ac- cusation of lack of observation, in- attention and bad memory? Not "crimes" in themselves, but terribly confusing when trying to prove White's claim. 1. In 1915, he discovered the White story in the Rocky Mountain News (your editorial note) of Feb- ruary 17th, 18th, and 19th, 1869, (letters to me) and in one of those issues White's letter was printed, but Mr. Dawson never knew it, until I told him long after. 2. November 22nd, 1916, I wrote him that "I had in my posses- sion White's original letter, written in 1867, the only statement on the subject White ever wrote." 3. January 26th, 1917, calling at his home in Washington, I told him again and discussed it and its importance as evidence in the case. 4. About August 1st, 1917, his pamphlet was published. 5. August 25th, 1917, he wrote me as quoted above, that I had told him of White's letter and we had discussed it together the previous January, six months before the pam- phlet was issued. 6. August 25th, 1917, in the same letter as the last, still referring to my visit, he says : "I knew of the document [White's letter] as hav- ing been published in a Wisconsin paper, and had made every effort I could to get hold of it, but without success." 7. In his article in the Trail of February, 1919, (page 11) he says his attention was [first, of course] called to White's letter — "Since the appearance of my booklet." 8. . And in the same article, Feb. 1919, referring to the time when the pamphlet was issued — August 1917 — "I can only say that at that time I did not know of the existence of the letter." You, Mr. Editor, may think all this is of no importance, still this same want of observation, inatten- tion and bad memory and unsup- ported assertions, running all through his writings on the White story compel me, as Dr. Bell says, "to show how untrustworthy is the evidence that White passed through the whole length of the canons of the Colorado", in order that you and your readers may be warned to be careful in accepting that story until you inquire into the alleged facts on which it is asserted — and in most cases only asserted — to be founded. This is my excuse for detaining you so long before giving my prom- ised evidence on the other side of the case. White's letter, of 1867, was writ- ten when he was thirty years old. As I have said, he had had almost 16 THE TRAIL no education, the grammar is bad, and the spelling is pitiful, but this in no way reflects on his honesty. However, to understand the letter correctly it must be read in its ori- ginal spelling. Two marked instan- ces of this necessity will be given later. The translation into "correct English" given in the late article by Dawson is generally accurate, with the exception of one real error and four omissions, two of which are whole sentences left out! All but one may be freaks of your Printer's Devil. About that one, I beg leave to ask a question. Why was the heading of the let- ter omitted when Dawson published it? It is a genuine part of the letter and written by White. If the letter had been copied from the Rocky Mountain News of 1869, the head- ing would not have been found, but Dawson says: "The only copy I have is one printed in the Outing Maga- zine for April, 1907, which purports to be a photographic reproduction of the original." It is; and the heading is there, is on the original and on the photograph of it which I had taken. Again, why was it omitted, since it is the one and only statement by White, before he met Dr. Parry or at their interview, known to exist, so far as I have been able to find, in which he makes the even seemingly direct claim that he traversed the Grand Canon? On this point I can only say that under date of August 29th, 1917, I wrote and called Mr. Dawson's special atten- tion to the heading and cautioned him to be careful and not be mis- led by it, for White never wrote that heading of his own volition. Does this explain why it was omitted? Here is the Heading — verbatim et literatim — "NAVIGATION OF THE BIG CANON A TERRIBLE VOY AGE" Space forbids my explaining this remarkable heading and its great importance as documentary evi- dence in the case, further than to call attention to its uncommon words — uncommon words to as ig- norant a man as White was at that time — ^to its perfect spelling, and the very significant separation of the word voyage into two words, and suggest that it be compared with the photograph of the rest of the original letter with its simple words and pitiful spelling. Nor can I discuss the letter itself, but this much I will say in perfect confidence, and not as a mere as- sertion, for the proofs are all given in my larger manuscript: There is not a single item in the whole let- ter including the heading, that up- holds Dr. Parry's claim that White floated from Grand River, the San Juan River, or anywhere near them, through all the great canons ; while on the other hand, there is one state- ment in it which, when read in the original copy and in connection with Dr. Parry's original notes, my inter- view and White's own accounts in Dawson's pamphlet, proves that he did not. This last will be given in a moment. The Direct Evidence and Testimony. I shall give now a very few of the proofs, and only a small part of the evidence which I have gat(h- ered, which I believe dispose of Dr. Parry's story. These have come from a score of different sources, but, for brevity's sake in this synopsis, I shall confine myself to a single wit- ness, sustaining his testimony by un- disputed facts and documents, and corroborating it by witnesses whom no one will doubt, and in the manner already explained. That one wit- ness — is James White himself. In this short summary, it is im- possible to consider all the minor points that have been in dispute, THE TRAIL 17 such as the "overland journey", where Baker was killed, where White started on the river, how he consumed fourteen days in his trip, etc., etc. All these, and many more, are fully attended to in my longer manuscript, and the answer to most of them follows as a corollary if we prove that White did not go through the Grand Canon. One or two points must be ex- plained in advance. When I asked White: "Did you not meet a Dr. Parry — Dr. C. C. Parry — and tell him your story?" He answered: "No sir, I never heard of him." Gen. Palmer, to whom he always re- ferred, being the head of the sur- vey, was much more prominent and his name had pushed aside entirely from White's memory the name of his assistant. He also told me that in the forty years from 1867 to 1907, he had never looked at a map of the Colo- rado, nor read anything about it, except the story of his own adven- ture in Gen. Palmer's report, so that when I talked to him his mind was not confused by any informa- tion that may have come to him later than 1869, when he did meet Gen. Palmer. He never met Palmer until a year after Parry's story was published. The other point is: the expres- sions which I quote from White — "Where I went", and "where I was in the canon", came about in this way. When I described to him the true character of the walls and the river above the Grand Wash Cliffs, he being, apparently, convinced that I was talking of some other lo- cality, would say: "Where I went" or "where I was in the canon" this and that were thus and so. James White, as everyone knows, is the one and only eyewitness of the whole adventure, and I contend that White, even with his limited abilities, was capable of observing the general nature and character of the canon walls and the character of the river on that portion of the route he traveled on his raft, wherever that portion may have been, and, also, that he was and is perfectly capable of remembering them, and describing them in such a manner that his description can be readily and clearly recognized by anyone acquainted with the condi- tions that do actually exist in the canons and on the river. Further- more, that he is even more capable of remembering clearly and distinct- ly to his dying day his personal phy- sical experiences on his trip, such as come to every man going down the Colorado, and such as are so often and so suddenly driven deep into one's brain, and which chill one to the very marrow. All we of the canons have experienced them. This I shall now attempt to show is exact- ly what White has done, therefore I have implicit confidence in his testimony, when it is tried and sifted by acknowledged facts and unde- niable science. The Canon Walls. White's description of the nature — the geology — of the canon walls, as he expressed it to me — "Where I was in the canon", has been uniform and consistent from beginning to end. The record in Parry's original notes, of course, was brief, but Dr. Parry correctly enlarges it thus : "The long continued uniformity of the geological formation termed 'white sandstone' (probably creta- ceous) is remarkable, but under this term may have been comprised some of the lower stratified forma- tions." — even Parry makes allowan- ces in details — "The contrast in reaching the dark igneous rocks was so marked that it could not fail to be noticed." To me White said : "All the rock 18 THE TRAIL was sandstone, white and yellowish in color, from the Green River to somewhere between 150 and 100 miles above Callville. There the rock is darker. I supposed these rocks were a dark, grayish granite, though I did not get out to examine them." Both these descriptions are not only remarkable, with the exception of the 100 or 150 mile distance which White had no means of know- ing, but are remarkably correct, when applied to that part of the Colorado from below the Grand Wash Cliffs to Callville, making the same allowance for details in my case as Parry did in his. White did not distinguish between the light colored gravels and conglomerates standing in almost verticle walls and in benches, all these to such a man, under such circumstances would ap- pear white and yellowish sandstone. He did thus observe them and noted the fact of the long continued gen- eral formations of the walls until he came to the "dark igneous rocks" which do exist in the small canons (though large to him) further down where the contrast is so marked that it could not fail to be noticed. And mark you, ye who know the Marble and Grand Canons, he observed only one such change! Not only did he observe them, but he remembered them and reported them uniformly and correctly to two different men forty years apart. In all fairness then, we must admit that White did travel that portion, at least, which he so accurately de- scribed — wherever that portion may be — for he could not have so de- scribed it unless he had seen it. I asked him : "How high were the walls in the canon through which you went?" He answered, "The walls were 300 or 400 feet high. There were some higher walls, may- be, farther back. They were higher where I couldn't see them, but what I saw were 300 or 400 feet high, not over 500 feet." He declared that the walls on the Grand River, just above its mouth, were "about 100 feet high", and at the mouth of the Green "they were not so high", and further that "the walls of the Little Colorado are not very high." Remembering that White testified that he did not know the name or location of a single river he passed until Gen. Palmer (Dr. Parry) told him afterwards, these descriptions of the height of the walls coming from a man of White's intelligence, or any ordinary man, are almost ex- act in every particular, and locally correct at every point when we know where White's Grand, Green and Little Colorado Rivers are situated. Below the Grand Canon there are such streams coming in, though not carrying so much water, and at each point the walls are almost exactly as White remembered them and de- scribed them both in height and for- mation. On the other hand, every one of the above descriptions, if applied to the great canons above the Grand Wash Cliffs, in general or to any particular stretch and to the real rivers named is singly, totally and absolutely untrue, not simply in "faults of details", as Mr. Dawson claims, but entirely so. At the "Lit- tle Colorado" White says the walls are not very high. At the real Little Colorado, in fact, they are near 5000 feet high. The walls of his "Little Colorado", which "he knows comes in from the right for he saw it" — that is the Virgin — he describes most accurately. This will be ex- plained presently. On the fourth day of his trip — according to Dr. Parry — White passed the mouth of the Little Colo- rado. The real conditions along the river below there are, briefly, these ; THE TRAIL 19 about sixteen miles below that point the granite (balck gneiss) begins to rise, and soon reaches a height of 1,000 to 1,200 feet in shiny black walls. After a while this disappears. Below that are quite a number more of just such sudden changes from red (ftgray to black and from black to red, gray, or brown and other col- ors, "the contrast so marked that it could not fail to be noticed." If White ever was in the Grand Canon, he entered the first Black Granite Gorge on the fourth or fifth day of his trip and his advocates, from Pal- mer to Dawson, ask us to believe that he passed through that and all the other sudden and startling changes in the formation for the next 260 miles or so, and never saw any of them ; but did see, noted, re- membered and described most accu- rately the one — and only one — marked change "in the last two days of the canon" ! This astonishing geological report of a supposed 550 miles of travel given by Dr. Parry, is found in his original notes in these exact words : "Rock in canon — white sandstone, two days in foot of canon volcanic", and further on, separated some dis- tance from the above, showing that Parry questioned White a second time on the rock formation, — "same character of rock through the main canon." But which was the main canon in White's mind? "Gen. Pal- mer (Dr. PARRY) told me I had traveled 550 miles" ! It is much to be regretted that space forbids me to give the original notes in full, and show their mean- ing and the difference between them and the report to Gen. Palmer. It is only possible to refer to them in a few instances. When in cross-examination, I at- tempted to show White that he had never seen any portion of the great canons, I described to him that in Cataract Canon the rock was mostly limestone colored dark — almost black by the weather — and for 185 miles in Glen Canon is sandstone, almost all red, some, at times, as red as fire, and in Marble Canon lime- stone and marble, red, white, black, variagated and beautifully polished in places, and that in the 220 miles of the Grand Canon the lower walls are black and red granite in places, aggregating some 100 miles, with stretches of limestone and sandstone in different colors; and piled up above these are walls, cliffs and benches to heights of from 5000 to 6000 feet, and which are red, yel- low, purple, green and flaming scar- let (and frequently all these can be seen from the river) — and I said: "And yet you tell me that you went down through all these different kinds of rock, and these gor- geous colors, some of them the brightest and most beautiful in the world, and never saw any of them. This is certainly astonishing." White listened to all I had said very at- tentively, and then replied : "/ donH know anything about that, but WHERE I WENT the rock was ALL white and yellowish sandstone, down to near the lower end of the canon, and the walls were 300 or 400 feet high. General Palmer told me the walls were over 3000 feet high." And White, the honest man that he is, told the exact truth, for know- ing himself the nature and height of the actual and only walls he ever saw on the Colorado, in this case he refused to accept "Gen. Palmer's" estimate of their height. In the other matter, however, not having any knowledge himself as to how far he had traveled, or even where he started on the river, he accepted in good faith what Dr. Parry told him and has believed it ever since. It would seem to me unnecessary 20 THE TRAIL to go any farther, still there is more for the yet unconvinced. The River and Its Rapids. Gen. Wm. J. Palmer, in defence of White's accuracy and the Parry story, under date of December 27th, 1906, wrote: "It is only natural that only the salient points should have been fastened on White's attention and memory." With this I have al- ways agreed absolutely, and I ap- peal to every man, from Powell to Kolb, who has gone down the Colo- rado in a boat, whether he has writ- ten about it or not, to testify as to the big rapids of that river, whether they are not the most salient of all the salient points encountered — in- cluding, of course, the rocks in them — and whether the experiences in the rapids do not call for undivided attention at the time, and such per- sonal experiences become fastened on the memory indelibly, and remain clear and distinct ever afterward? This, as I know from sad experience, being the case, White is no excep- tion to the rule, and notwithstand- ing Dawson's disparaging estimate of White's mental abilities he had and has an abundance of intelli- gence to see such things and to feel and note his personal experiences in the rapids and clearly and accurate- ly to remember them to this day, and more correctly and distinctly to describe them because they were the most salient of all the salient points he encountered on the river. For now fifty years, on this one point. White has not only been clear and distinct, but he has been uni- formly consistent in everything he has said or written, never varying once from his story in the slightest degree, beginning with his first let- ter to his brother, in 1867, and end- ing with his last account in 1917, published in Dawson's pamphlet. He has told at various times of many rapids, whirlpools and eddies over which he passed on that section of the river, "Where I went"; but he has never written or told in all these fifty years of more than ONE BIG RAPID over which his raft tumbled. In his letter to his brother, he tells of many times when his raft "wold tip over three and fore time a days", but only of one big rapid in these words: "i wend over foils From 10 to 15 feet hie." This is one of the cases where it is necessary to study the letter in its original spelling to get its meaning. The "s" at the end of "foils" is not the plu- ral, it means nothing more than the "s" at the end of "days", or the ab- sence of one in "time". It is simply bad spelling — as "wend" and "hie" are. If this is not enough to show exactly what White intended to say in his letter, what he told Dr. Parry about three months later is. He told Dr. Parry in his interview, as re- corded in the notes seven times, of many rapids, whirlpools and eddies, but of only one big rapid which Par- ry recorded thus.' "one fall 10 ft?" This is the item which I have re- ferred to as recorded in the notes and entirely omitted in his report. For some reason Parry questioned White's statement, for he placed an interrogation point after it, the only one found anywhere in the notes. What it was that Parry doubted I do not know, but he certainly doubt- ed something about the statement for he so marked it at the time and omitted all mention of it in his re- port. Again it is to be regretted that space forbids giving you the full notes, and my analysis of them and the methods employed by Dr. Parry in writing his report to Gen. Pal- mer, with its omissions and doubtful additions, but I shall have to obey. At any rate, this statement by White, at the very first, that on his THE TRAIL 21 whole journey there was but one formidable rapid, was well known to practically everyone in the south- west at that time, and everyone be- lieved that he had come through the whole length of the great canons, and it was this valuable information, as Dawson has described it, which caused one Army officer, in a report to the War Department, to recom- mend the building of a huge steam- boat to go up the river to explore it, before Major Powell's time ! And it caused others to attempt just such foolish things. That this was the information given by White at that time is also shown by this incident. When, in 1869, Powell arrived at the mouth of the Virgin River, he at on^e or- ganized a party to search fofTthree men who had left him at the big, poiverful rapid — now known as Sep- aration Rapid — and this fact and that rapid were much discussed. As four of Powell's boatmen continued down the river, it was the same. The men on the river, who had talked with White, at once c^me to the con- clusion that Separation Rapid was the one big rapid White had told them about and, therefore, of course. White came through the Grand Canon, for Major Powell had. This came to me from Jack Sumner, Powell's first boatman, who was long in my employ. What the river men thought when the boatment told them of the other 300 big rapids which they came over, and White never saw, is of no conse- quence here. During my interview. White told me of many rapids, but only told me of one big rapid, and nothing I could do moved him one hairs breadth from the truth as he said : "In all the journey, there was only one big rapid, the one with the twenty feet fall, all the other rapids were small ones." "The journey", of course, be- ing — "Where I went." White actually experienced the terrors of that one big rapid and only one. The experience was burnt into his brain at the time and he has never forgotten it for a single mo- ment. He could not get away from it, so that when, in 1917, he sat down to write his latest account for Mr. Dawson to publish, although he left out many interesting things he had told me, and some he had told Parry, he was compelled to tell of his most salient experience, and he still remained truthful and wrote: "On the eleventh day, I went over the big rapid.." He had learned bet- ter English, there was only one and the "the" expressed the fact, and he did not put a superfluous "s" after the word he used for "foils" in his letter. Thus is completed the uni- form, consistent and unbroken writ- ten record for fifty years! During my interview, I asked White many questions about the riv- er, particularly about the rapids over which he passed. He described all the rapids, except the one big one, in these words at various times: "The rapid was not a large one, it was a small rapid." This was the first one they met and where he (or George ? ) was thrown into the river. Of the place where his raft struck and stuck on the rocks, he said : "It was not a rapid, it was just water pouring over the rocks", and, "In all the journey, ALL the other rap- ids were small ones." Again "The rapids I went over, except the big one, the water draws in smooth from both sides to the center and just pours through and I went over there." And many other like de- scriptions. While making my railway survey, I kept a complete record of all the rap- ids on the Colorado, both above and below the Grand Wash Cliffs. Look- ing over my old note books, I find 22 THE TRAIL that in recording the rapids in the sixty miles above Callville, I gave the character — in brief — of each rapid, and all of them are described almost exactly as White described those he went over. And notably I only recorded one big rapid. There was only one large enough to record its height or fall in feet, all the others ivere small ones. This record was made for railway purposes, long before I had ever thought seriously of White. In the same section of about sixty miles, the whirlpools and eddies are there, and, at the time of year White was on the wa- ter, would have handled his little raft just as he says they did — he washed off, Strole drowned, and his raft turned over again and again, and caught in a whirlpool near the mouth of a river and held for hours. I have seen just such accidents hap- pen in what any of us who have run them would call very small rapids, like those below the Grand Canon, and have seen this many times. Here, then, are two separate de- scriptions of some one portion of the Colorado, which agree in almost ev- ery minute particular as to the char- acter of the river and its rapids. One of these is given by White describing "where I went", and the other found in the thirty year old note books of a railway survey, and the record in those note books shows that the sec- tion described lies between the Grand Wash Cliffs and Callville. Furthermore, there is no such sec- tion, of even approximately that length, on the whole river, except in Glen Canon which lies below the Cataract and above the Marble and Grand Canons, and everyone knows White was taken off his raft at Call- ville. Therefore, it must be conceded that White did float over that par- ticular section he so accurately de- scribed, whether he passed over any other section or not. Now let us see how White's de- scription of the river and the rapids — "in all the journey" — agrees with the conditions that actually exist in the great canons above Grand Wash Cliffs. Again I call upon my corrobora- tive witnesses — every man from Powell to Kolb who has run the rapids throughout the great canons, the dead by their writings, and the living who can speak — to testify to what I now say. In that section of about 500 miles there are some 520 rapids, cataracts and falls (by my count) both large and small; somewhere near 300 of them are as large and many of them much larger, more powerful and with greater and steeper fall, and a thousand times more exposed rocks and boulders in them than the "one big rapid" which White de- scribed and did pass over. Some of them have individual descents of from thirty to thirty-five feet. At one place in Cataract Canon, which, by instrumental measurement, has a fall of 304 feet in eighteen and one- half miles, there is a bunch of rapids close together, which are not only "big" but are some of the steepest and rockiest on the river, only ex- ceeded by some in the upper part of the Grand Canon, where the fall is 165 feet in ten miles, and a few far- ther down besides the rest of the 300 big ones scattered through Cat- aract, Narrow, Marble and Grand Canons. In the face of all these facts, proved by instrumental measure- ments, official surveys and reports and the testimony of a score of men who have navigated all of them, and some of whom have had their strong wooden and steel boats smashed to pieces against the rocks, we are asked by the advocates of the Parry story to believe that White floated on a little cottonwood raft tied to- THE TRAIL 23 gether with ropes, over the whole 300 and never saw or felt any of them save one ! That is what his tes- timony means, which has never var- ied for fifty years, if he did travel that 500 miles. It is simply absurd to make such a claim, and utterly silly to attempt to back it up by saying: *T think it entirely feasible for him to have made the trip without knowing much about what he did!" (Daw- son). That is damning poor White's intelligence a little too cruelly. White still believes that he started on his raft trip somewhere near the mouth of Grand River, his latest sel- ected point, so far as I know, being "just below" and he also believes he made the whole of the long journey — because, "Gen. Palmer told me I had travelled 550 miles." But White has never once in all these fifty years made the claim that he passed over the 301 big rapids, which exist in that distance and did not know it — save in one instance "near the end of the canon," and that one he knows all about. He has been, and still is too honest and sincere a man for that. When I told him of the great rap- ids in Cataract Canon, beginning about four miles below the mouth of the Green River, he — honestly be- lieving what Parry told him that he had traveled that part of the riv- er, and knowing positively himself that he had only passed over one big rapid — simply denied the exist- ence of any such rapids, and some- what losing his temper he said: "Any man who says there are any rapids for four days travel down the Colorado River below the mouth of the Green, don't know what he is talking about and has never been on the river. I'll spend all the money I've got and go over there and prove that there are no rapids there, and that I went down that [portion of the] river on smooth water." And again : "I went in above the mouth of the Green and went down all the way to Callville, and there is only ONE BIG RAPID, as I told you, just above the end of the canon." Even though he had been misled hy oth- ers and on account of having no log- ical reasoning faculty he could not see the position he was placing him- self in, he was sincere, and I ad- mired his courage of conviction. Finally: on a certain day White passed the mouth of a certain river, while floating on his raft, below which river he was caught in an eddy and held two hours — and "prayed out", (Parry's notes). Without my asking a single question. White dic- tated this incident to my steno- grapher in the following words: "On the sixth day, the day after George was drowned, the raft was caught in a whirlpool and spun round and round. I paddled and pad- dled, but I could not get o'ut. I was in that whirlpool about two hours, when I thought I was lost. I prayed to God Almighty to help me, and imme- diately the raft was swung out of the whirlpool like a shot. This was the first prayer I had ever said in my life." I believe every word of the above, for that is one of the ways of whirl- pools on the Colorado — prayer or no prayer. I have seen two of my own boatmen in their boat, caught in a whirlpool, spun round like a top, sucked down into the vortex, and then, suddenly, literally shot out into quiet water. This being the first, and only such accident White had in all the journey, is it any wonder, then, that such an ex- perience should have been burnt in- to his brain, and that he clearly re- members the incident and the sur- roundings where it occurred — ^just below a certain river? Of this river he told me : "When I passed it I did 24 THE TRAIL not know what it was, but after- wards Gen. Palmer told me it was the Little Colorado River." I then asked him: "On which side of the Colorado River does the Little Colo- rado empty in?" He answered: "On my right side, on the right hand side as I was going down." No facts I told him, no books nor reports, no United States Geological Survey maps I could show him moved him a particle. When I had given him the true facts from all these, show- ing how wrong he was in accepting Parry's name for his unknown river, I continued : "You have said that the Little Colorado comes into the Colo- rado River from the right hand side going down the river, and that the walls of the Little Colorado are not very high. Are you positively sure of that?" "Yes I am. I saw it coming in on my right and I know it comes in on my right." "Have you never in all these years taken the trouble to look at a Gov- ernment map to find out the truth, that the Little Colorado comes in on the left, and not on the right, and through a canon almost as big as the Grand Canon, with walls nearly 5000 feet high?" "I don't know that, but I do know the Little Colorado comes in on the right for I saw it*' Again I admired his honesty in sticking to what he knew was the truth because he actually saw it, but was sorry for his blind trustfulness in believing what Dr. Parry had told him as to the name of that particu- lar river, and for his lack of mental ability to see that the one contra- dicted the other. Here is the solution and my con- clusion: Everyone of the above statements by White, describing the nature and height of the canon walls which he saw, the nature of the riv- er, the kind of rapids he passed over and the number of big rapids he ran, are his own, the facts indelibly stamped on his mind and clearly re- tained in his memory by reason of their being actual, personal exper- iences, and each and everyone of them is distinctly and absolutely true, even to the unknown river he did see coming in on his right — ^the Virgin, which Parry so erroneously named; that is, they are true when applied to that portion of the Colo- rado from about Pierce's Ferry to Callville. On the other hand, not a single one of them is even approximately true; in fact, everyone of them is absolutely false, if applied to that portion of the Colorado above the Grand Wash Cliffs. Such testimony from a direct eye- witness, based as it is on his per- sonal knowledge, acquired by actual personal experience and sustained and proved true by scientific sur- veys, instrumental measurements, perfectly trustworthy reports, maps and photographs, it seems to me, settles once for all where James White actually traveled on his raft, and consequently is equally true as to where he did not go. That White has believed, and still believes, from what he has been told and the continual reading of Dr. Parry's story, and nothing else, that he traversed all the canons of the Colorado River is nothing more than the hallucination of a simple mind, devoid of any logical reason- ing power. Even if this eye-witness of the whole exploit has this hallu- cination, it has not prevented him from testifying truthfully and con- sistently on all vital questions, and never altering this testimony in fifty years. Therefore, I conclude from his own testimony supported and proved true, that James White never passed through a single mile of the canons THE TRAIL 25 of the Colorado River above the Grand Wash Cliffs ; but that he did float on a raft or rafts, on that river, in the year 1867, from a point near the Grand Wash to Callville, Nevada a distance of about sixty miles — where he stopped and \yas taken off his raft. A short Postscript* You and your readers, of course, are acquainted with the fact that many of those who did not believe the White story, as written by Dr. Parry, accounted for it in one of two ways. Some said he had told the tale to Parry, and others, simply for his own glorification, and he has been called by very distinguished men "A monumental prevaricator", or more plainly "The biggst liar who ever told a tale about the Colo- rado River." Others declared that, in a quarrel, he had killed both of his companions and told the story to protect himself, thus being a dou- ble murderer and liar combined. After my interview, I told White and his family of these accusations made against him, and promised not only to write a defense of his char- acter, but whenever possible I would speak in praise of his honesty and good intention. This I have done, in season and out of season, for the past twelve years. May I "not, then, quote from the manuscript of my hoped-for-forthcoming book what I have called there — An Impressive Scene. Having fulfilled my promise to James White to write a defense of his character against the charges of falsehood and murder, I feel sure that he and his good daughter will pardon me for relating a personal incident; an incident so full of pathos and dramatic force, that I would that I had the power to put it into fitting words, but I fear I shall be found lacking. During the evening I spent with James White, September 23rd, 1907, some of his children were present nearly all the time. After the regu- lar interview was over, and I began to cross-question him, his young lady daughter, bright, pretty and well educated, and his little son re- mained in the room, while the rest of the family sat listening in the next. When I had described the fifty-seven big rapids in Cataract Canon, his daughter came to her father's defence with this remark: "Perhaps the rapids have been formed since father went down the river." When I explained to her that this could not be the case by reason of the fall of the river, and that they were there in 1869, when Major Powell was there, and in 1889 when I was there, are there today, and have been there for hundreds of years, she was sorrowful and disap- pointed, but satisfied for the mo- ment. As I went on, and White be- came tangled up in the position of the mouth of the Little Colorado, and dazed by the flaming brightness of the walls of the Grand Canon — • which according to him should have been white sand rock — the daughter went out of the room and sat where she could see us both. I turned to see where she had gone, and never can I forget the sight. She sat in a chair, but leaning on its arm she looked at me as a tigress ready to spring at my throat, and on her face was depicted sorrow, scorn, revenge, and hate. As I proceeded, and at last promised to take up her father's defence, she with the more trained and logical mind, was the first to see that I was simply getting at the truth, in order to place the blame elsewhere, and she came into the room again. From her face had van- ished all hate, all revenge, all scorn, but sorrow still remained. • -« .^ When I came to what was to tnem the climax and told how so many 26 THE TRAIL distinguished men had long thought her father was a willful liar and double murderer, all resentment had gone from White's face, but he was staggered and crushed as he an- swered in that truthful, low, calm but sorrowful voice — **I didn't kill them" ; then it was that the daugh- ter, kneeling on the floor beside her gray haired father, placed her arm around his neck and with the other hand clasping his right hand leaned upon his knee, and bending over, looked up into his face, in a pose unconscious, natural and yet most dramatic and impressive ; and while he was sorrowful and depressed, there shone on her face bright — al- most smiling — sympathy, love, hon- or, as she said : "But father, he's not doubting your word. He believes everything you say, only he thinks you were mistaken as to the part of the river you were on. Don't worry, Papa dear." I felt it was a scene I had no right to look upon, and, turning away, went to another part of the room. ROBERT BREWSTER STANTON Sentosa, Greenley Road, New Canaan, Connecticut. June, 1919. I WANT TO BE ENCOURAGED (Dennis Alonzo Watters.) I want to be encouraged; I want a kindly I want to be encouraged, I scarcely know word, just why, Such as in my youthful days from mother's Only on my soul's a grief and in my heart lips I heard; a sigh. I would have my sorrow less and lighter And nothing is half so good that ever comes have my load, my way; And the praise of children hear as I go It takes the heart load off and brightens up down the road. the day. Through all the years of conflict I've gloried 'Tis the fragrance of the morn and the balm in the fray of the night. And you mustn't think it weakness that now Nerving the weary toiler to brave the manly I speak this way. fight. I want to be encouraged for just a little I want to be encouraged; the want in me while; is strong; I would see your eyebeam gleam, would It gave purpose to my life and made me see again your smile. hate the wrong. 'Tis hard to bear our sorrows without a tear It gave me true endeavor in boyhood and in or moan, youth Though many trials there are which we must To cultivate the manly and bravely stand for bear alone. truth. And many are the heartaches deep hidden in And 'twill ever be the help that stimulates the breast the soul A look of love would lighten and set the And strengthens up the runner that he may mind at rest. reach the goal. If we would approve much more and disap- prove much less, Would by a word of kindness relieve the heart's distress, If we would look for virtues in the people we call bad, If we would seek to comfort the people who are sad. Bread upon the waters cast would after some delays Bring the heart encouragement from happy , bygone days. The West 100 Years Ago By Washmgton Irving An account of a Trip Across the Plains and Rocky Mountains in 1812 as told in "Astoria'* by one of the greatest of American Authors (Continued from last number.) All being seated, the old sene- schal prepared the pipe of ceremony or council, and having lit it, handed it to the chief. He inhaled the sacred smoke, gave a puff upward to the heaven, then downward to the earth, then towards the east; after this it was as usual passed from mouth to mouth, each holding it re- spectfully until his neighbor had taken several whiffs; and now the grand council was considered as opened in due form. The chief made an harangue wel- coming the white men to his village, and expressing his happiness in tak- ing them by the hand as friends ; but at the same time complaining of poverty of himself and his people; the usual prelude among Indians to begging or hard bargaining. Lisa rose to reply, and the eyes of Hunt and his companions were ea- gerly turned upon him, those of M'Lellan like a basilisk's. He began the usual expressions of friendship, and then proceeded to explain the object of his own party. Those per- sons, however, said he, pointing to Mr. Hunt and his companions, are of a different party, and are quite distinct in their views; but, added he, though we are separate parties, we make but one common cause when the safety of either is con- cerned. Any injury or insult offered to them I shall consider as done to myself, and will resent it according- ly. I trust, therefore, that you will treat them with the same friendship that you have always manifested for me, doing everything in your power to serve them and to help them on their way. The speech of Lisa, de- livered with an air of frankness and sincerity, agreeably surprised and disappointed the rival party. Mr. Hunt then spoke, declaring the object of his journey to the great Salt Lake beyond the mountains, and that he should want horses for the purpose, for which he was ready to trade, having brought with him plenty of goods. Both he and Lisa concluded their speeches by making presents of tobacco. y* The left-handed chieftain in reply ^ promised his friendship and aid to the new comers, and welcomed them to his village. He added that they had not the number of horses to spare that Mr. Hunt required, and expressed a doubt whether they should be able to part with any. Upon this another chieftain, called Gray Eyes, made a speech, and de- clared that they could readily sup- ply Mr. Hunt with all the horses he might want, since, if they had not enough in the village, they could readily steal more. This honest ex- pedient immediately removed the main difficulty; but the chief de- ferred all trading for a day or two ; until he should have time to consult with his subordinate chiefs as to market rates; for the principal chief of the village, in conjunction with his council, usually fixes the prices at which articles shall be bought and 28 THE TRAIL sold, and to them the village must conform. The council now broke up, Mr. Hunt transferred his camp across the river at a little distance below the village, and the left-handed chief placed some of his warriors as a guard to prevent the intrusion of any of his people. The camp was pitched on the river bank just above the boats. The tents, and the men wrapped in their blankets and bi- vouacking on skins in the open air, surrounded the baggage at night. Four sentinels also kept watch with- in sight of each other outside of the camp until midnight, when they were relieved by four others who mounted guard until daylight. Mr. Lisa encamped near to Mr. Hunt, between him and the village. The speech of Mr. Lisa in the council had produced a pacific effect in the encampment. Though the sin- cerity of his friendship and goodwill towards the new company still re- mained a matter of doubt, he was no longer suspected of an intention to play false. The intercourse be- tween the two leaders was therefore resumed, and the affairs of both parties went on harmoniously. CHAPTER IX. A trade now commenced with the Arickaras under the regulation and supervision of their two chieftains. Lisa sent a part of his goods to the lodge of the left-handed dignitary, and Mr. Hunt established his mart in the lodge of the Big Man. The vil- lage soon presented the appearance of a busy fair; and as horses were in demand, the purlieus and the ad- jacent plain were like the vicinity of a Tartar encampment; horses were put through all their paces, and horsemen were careering about with that dexterity and grace for which the Arickaras are noted. As soon as a horse was purchased, his (To be c( tail was cropped, a sure mode of distinguishing him from the horses of the tribe ; for the Indians disdain to practice this absurd, barbarous, and indecent mutilation, invented by some mean and vulgar mind, insen- sible to the merit and perfections of the animal. On the contrary, the In- dian horses are suffered to remain in every respect the superb and beautiful animals into which nature formed them. The wealth of an Indian of the far West consists principally in his horses, of which each chief and war- rior possesses a great number, so that the plains about an Indian vil- lage or encampment are covered with them. These form objects of traffic, or objects of depredation, and in this way pass from tribe to tribe over great tracts of country. The horses owned by the Arickaras are, for the most part, of the wild stock of the prairies; some however, had been obtained from the Poncas, Pawnees, and other tribes to the southwest, who had stolen them from the Spaniards in the course of horse-stealing expeditions into the Mexican territories. These were to be known by being branded ; a Span- ish mode of marking horses not practiced by the Indians. As the Arickaras were meditating another expedition against their ene- mies the Sioux, the articles of traffic most in demand were guns, toma- hawks, scalping-knives, powder, ball, and other munitions of war. The price of a horse, as regulated by the chiefs, was commonly ten dollars worth of goods at first cost. To supply the demand thus suddenly created, parties of young men and braves had sallied forth on expedi- tions to steal horses ; a species of ser- vice among the Indians which takes precedence of hunting, and is con- sidered a department of honorable warfare. )ntiniipd.^ ^ons ^Golomdo ROSTBR ■ ^ a Adams, Alva, Pueblo Adams, Frank, Denver Adams, Orson, Jr., Denver Aicher, F. X., Denver Akers, Timbo H. W., Denver Alkire, John L., Denver Alkire, Leonard, Denver Allen, Edwin B., Denver Allers, Leslie P., Denver Allers, Leslie F., Denver Allison, Thomas O., Denver Allison, William S., Haigler Amsden, Clarence E.. Denver Ammons, Elias M., Denver Ammons, Teller, Denver Anderson, Alvan J., Denver Anderson, Joseph N., Denver Anderson, William A., Denver Andrew, Henry O., Boulder Andrew, John, Denver Andrews, J. N., Rawlins, Wyo. Anfenger, Milton L., Denver Angerman, Albert W. Denver Anthony, John, Ignacio Anthony, Ward R., Denver Appel, David E., Denver Arkush, Sol., Santa Monica, Cal. Arscott, S. E., Denver .^shley, Frank R., Denver Auckland, Gaven E., Olney Spgs Auers, Ray V., Denver Aures, George E., Denver Babey, Francis W., Del Norte Bacon, Archie D., Longmont Railey, A. W., Longmont Baker, Melvin D., Denver Baker, Nathaniel, Denver Bakes, Arthur T., Denver Bakes, Howard P., Denver Bangs, James C, IDenver Banks. Edwin N., Denver Barbien, Nicholas C, Denver Barela, Casimero, Trinidad Barker, Amos L., Denver Barker, Louis S., Lyons Barkhausen, Lester J., Denver Barkley, Everitte P., Denver Barnard, Grover M., Powler Bartels, Earl J., Denver Bartels, Gustav C, Denver Bartels, Herbert L., Cripple Creek Bartels, Theodore W. Jr., Denver Barnes, Benjamin, Denver Bassett, Alden, Del Norte Bates, Albert E., Denver Bates, Benjamin, Denver Beall, George R., Rocky Ford Beattie, Wm. H., Denver Beatty, William R., Denver Beck, Verner C, Aspen Becker, Edmund, Kremmling Beckett, Rexford E., Lafayette Beeman, S. L., Denver Bell, Leonard, Denver Benson, Clarence V., Denver Benson, Horace, Denver Benson, Joseph, Arvada Berger, George B., Denver Berger, William B., Denver Berry, Edwin B., Eastonville Berry, John L., Denver Best, Boone, Kiowa Biegel, Robert H., Denver Bingham, Frank E., Denver Bjrney, Cyrus M., Denver Bishop, Edward A., Denver Bishop, Frank L., Denver Bishop, Will C, Denver Bivens, Howard W., Denver Blake, Milton E., Denver ir Blanchard, Albert B., Denver Block, Joseph H., Denver Blood, James H., Denver Boatman, Lafe, Berthoud, Colo. Roggio, James E., Denver Boggio, Victor, Denver Bonham, W. H., Deadwood, S. D. Bonis, James T., Grand Valley Boot, Frank J. Jr., Denver Boot, Frederick W., Denver Boot, Harold G., Denver Boot, Thomas W., Walden Brenbarger, Frank I, Longmont Brooks, John P.. Denver Brown, Carrol T., Denver Brown, Chas. E., Denver Brown, John A., Denver Bosley, Albert D., Denver Bottotr, Merle E., Arvada Boulware, Robert R., Denver Boutwell, Thomas P., Denver Bowland, Ruben W., Denver Rrannan, Samuel P., Denver Brown, Donald F., Denver Brown, Fred S.. Denver Brown, George W., Denver Brown, Harlow G., Denver Brown, H. D., Denver Brown, J. Sidney, Jr., Denver Bryant, Routt A., Denver Buchtel, Henry A. Denver Buckwalter, J. R., Denver Riiell, Jesse E., Denver Buildey, John H., Longmont Burkart, John M. Jr., Trinidad Burnell, Tames M., Denver Burchinell, Wm. K., Denver Burlingame, Walter E., Denver Burch, Thomas R.. Denver Burke, Carl W., Wiley Bush, James P., Colorado Spgt Bush, William L., Denver Burdick, Ed. N., Denver Bushnell, George A., Denver Byers, Frank S., Denver Cahill, Luke, Las Animas Cain, Clarence M., Denver Cain, John J., Denver Cain, Robt. L. Jr., Denver Cairnes, Alfred J., Denver _ Cammarata, Chas. J., Trinidad Campbell, Chas. C, Jr., Louvieri Campbell, Thomas P., Denver Camp, Alfred P., Durango Cannon, George L., Jr., Denver Canon, Wilbur P., Denver Cantrall, Fred O., Arvada Capps, Harold S., Denver Carlson, Geo. A., Denver Cassell, Henry B., Denver Chamberlain, Wm. J., Denver Charpiot, George J., Denver Chase, David, Denver Chase, John S., Denver Chase, Ralph M., Denver Chinn, Howard T., Denver Church, J. Frank, Broomfield Churches, H. Boyd, Longmont Churches, Jno. R., Longmont Clark, Walter M., Denver Clarke, Andrew K., Port Morgan Clarke, Harold A., Denver Clarke, Julian T., Denver Cleave, Charles E., Denver Cleave, Charles T., Pueblo Clerman, Howard T., Denver Clifford, Donald P., Denver Clifton, Jefferson B., Denver Cobb, Clarence, Denver Coffin, Roy G., Fort Collins Cohen, Elmer H., Denver Cohen, Samuel, Denver Colburn, Horace D., Denver Cole, Prank H., Denver Collier, D. C. Santa Fe, N. M. Collier, Tames, Denver Collier, Robert, Denver Collier, Robert Jr., Denver Combs, Colo C, Denver Combs, Raymond W., Powler Connors, Dennis L., Denver Conover, Waite D., Denver Cope, Gerald A., Denver Cordingly, George A., Denver Ccors, Adolph, Golden Cornforth, Charles W., Denver Correy, James, Denver Cotlar, Charles R., Denver Coyle, Chas. H., Detroit, Mich. Crowe, John E., Denver Craft, William U., Greeley Crary, John H., Jr., Denver Cranmer, Wm. H. H., Denver Crisman, Clarence O., Denver Crisman, Donald, Denver Cronin, Stanley G., Denver Cronkite, Ed. M., Denver Crosby, Robert H., Denver Cross, Floyd, Port Collins Crossy, John N., Denver Crouner, Howard P., Sterling Crouter, Edgerton E., Greeley Crowley, William, Denver Cuneo, George A., Denver Cunningham, John H., Loveland Curran. James A., Denver Currier, James P., Denver Dakin, Joe E., Denver Dalrymple, Henry D., Denver Daune, Avery, L., Denver Davies, Claude T., Denver Davis, Bert J., Erie Davis, Dowerick W., Denver Davis, Joseph S., Los Angeles Dawson, Clyde E., Denver Dawson, T. P., Washington, D. C. Debeque, Wallace, Debeque De Busk, Samuel W., Hoehne Deldosso, Peter, Sopris Dennis, Wm. M., Denver Desch, Paul B., Arvada Dickinson, Earl J., Denver Dickinson, John P., Hugo Dieter, William P.. Denver Diedrich, Charles D., Denver Dieter, Lorin, Denver Dittman, Bruno E., Denver Dittman, Fred W., Denver Dittman, Kurt A., Denver Dittman, Oscar P., Denver Dittman, Willard H., Denver Doblick, Nicholas, Jr., Florence Dodge, David C. Jr., Denver Dodge, John B., Denver Doll, Frederick S., Denver Donaldson, James R., Denver Donavan, Harold M., Denver Donavan, Wallace Collins, Denver Donovan, Joseph B., Denver Dorman, Walter H., Denver Douglas, William L., Denver Drake, Clarence J., Denver Drey, George T., Denver Drumm, August, Denver Dunn, Dacre, Center Dyson, John S. Jr., Denver Eason, James B., Denver Eccles, William T., Denver Eicholtz, Leonard H., Denver Elliott, Ezra T., Del Norte Ellis, John H., Edgewater Ellis, Thomas W., Denver Emmal, William, Denver England, Victor H., Denver Eisner, John, Denver Eriksen, Christian E., Denver Eskildson, Sigurd E., Denver Essington, John M., Denver Estabrook, Herbert E., Denver Evans, Alva A., Denver Evans, Evan E., Denver 30 THE TRAIL Evans, John, Denver Evans, William G, Denver Fairbanks, Douglas, N. Y. City Ferguson, Wm. T., Denver Field, Irvine H., Denver Ellick, Walter P., Denver Faivre, Francis L., Denver Fillius, Richard S., Denver Fisher, James D., Denver Fitzpatrick, Art. L., Georgetqwn Fleischer, Ben H., Denver Fleischer, Leo H., Wheeling, W.V. Fleming, Joseph, Denver Fletcher, Wm. L., Denver Ford, Wm. H., Grand Junction Forrestell, Fred T., Denver Foster, Ernest Le Neve, Denver Foster, Everet E., Denver Fouque, Archie C, Denver Fowler, Eugene P., Denver Fox, Howard F., Denver Franklin, Lafayette, Denver French, Park M., Denver Froom, George M., Denver Froom, Royal D., Denver Freeman, W41ter K.. Denver French, Ralph F., Denver Frewen, Frank W., Jr., Denver Fribourg, Amadee L., Denver Friedenthal, Alfred L., Denver Friederich, Philip P., Denver Friedman, Aaron, Denver Friedman, Alvin C, Denver Friedman, Arthur F., Denver Gallup, Edward P., Denver Gano, George W., Denver Gano, Merritt W., Denver Gano, Merritt W. Jr., Denver Garcia, Celestino, Conejos Gardner, Kenneth L., Denver Garman, Grant, Denver Gates, Paul T., Denver Gaylord, Paul B., Denver Gaylord, Paul L., Denver Gaynor, J. W., Longmont Geddis, Robert, Denver Geisert, Carl A., Denver Geisert, Frederick A., Denver George, Frank, Denver Gerspach, Otto H., Denver Gerwig, Lawrence H., Denver Gilkison, Charles J., Denver Gill, Charles W., Denver Glasgow, Robert, Denver Glendinnning, Ted W., Denver Goodman, John B., Denver Gove, Aaron M., Denver Gove, Frank E., Denver Graff, Charles M.. Denver Grant, James B., Denver Greenlee, George A., Denver Greenlee, William E., Denver Greiner, A. Leroy, Denver Griff itu, Grove B., Leadville Griffith, John T., Denver Grimes, Clyde E., Denver Groves, Phillip O., Denver Groves, Wilbur F. J., Denver Guido, Hans E., Denver Guirand, Henry L., Garo Gunson, Joseph, Denver Gunter, Julius C, Denver Hackstaff, Cyrus A., Denver Hackstaff, Howard L., Denver Hagar, Clarence E., Denver "iaines, Philip C, Denver Hale, Irving, Denver Hall, Clarence E., Cedaredge Hallett, Lucius F., Denver Hammer, Walter W., Trinidad Handy, William F., Denver Hannington, Charles H., Denver Harlow, William P., Boulder Harmon, Everett M., Denver Harris, Benjamin A., Denver Harris, Charles E., Denver Harris, John J., Dolores Harris, Robert, Denver Harvey, Clayton P., Denver Harvey, Geo. F. Jr.,* Denver Harvey, James R., Denver Harvey, Thomas T., Denver Harvey, Richard, Denver Harvey, William B., Denver Hattenbach, Leon M., Denver Hawthorne, W. A., Fort Collins Headley, William F., Breckenridge Hearon, Robert L., Denver Heimbecher, Louis W., Denver Heitler, Abram, Denver heitler, Julius, Denver Herres, Morton M., Denver Hess, Charles M., Montrose Heyller, Herman, Denver Hiederer, William R., Denver Higgason, Oscar E., Cope Higgins, Jos. T., Oakland, Cal. Higgins, Patrick P., Denver Hill, Crawford, Denver Hill, Kenneth A., Denver Hillman, James F., Denver Hillsten, Edwin, L., Denver Hipp, John, Denver Hipp, I'aul W., Ft. Collins Hirschfield. Alvin N., Denver Hogarty, W. P., Denver Hogle, Austin W., Monte Vista Hogue, Hugh M., Denver Hopkins, Benj. F., Denver Horan, Joseph C, Denver Home, Joseph E., Denver Horstman, Harold L., Denver Host, Arthur B., Denver Hotchkiss, Arthur Jr., Ft. Morgan Hough, Frank B., Denver Howard, Geo. W., Montrose Howe, Sam, Denver Howell, Leyner, Denver Howland, William S., Denver ^ Hughes, A. S., Denver Humes, Harry S., Denver Hunt, Harry, Platteville Hunter, John B., Denver Hurlbut, Edward W., Denver Hursch, Jack L., Denver lies, Thomas, Axial Iliff, John W., Denver Ihff, William .S., Denver Ireland, Richard P., Denver Izett, Douglas J., Denver Jackson, Robt. J., Denver Jacobson, Charles H., Denver Jacobson, H. Arthur, Denver Jacobson, Herbert F., Denver James, Edward H., Denver James, Harry C, Denver Jarecki, George M., Denver Jay, Robt. N., Denver jaycox, Thomas W., Denver Jillson, Chas. A., Longmont Jillson, Fred N., Longmont Johnson, Charles J., Denver Jones, Alva, Lafayette Jones, Edward H., Denver {ones, Ralph E., Denver oslin, John Jay, Denver Joslin, J. Jay, Denver Junk, Robert R., Denver Kaub, Herbert, Denver Keating, Joseph V., Denver Keating, Peter E., Denver Keating, Wm. C, Denver Keating, William J., Denver Keepers, Earle L., Denver Kees, Harvey L., Denver Kellogg, Clarence M., Denver Kelly, Francis A., Denver Kelly, John K., Denver Kendig, Hal D., Denver Kendrick, Charles A., Denver Kenney, James B., Denver Keyes, Harold C, Denver Keyes, Henry Cochrane Jr., Denver Kiesler, Charles, Denver Kimball, Geo. K., Idaho Spring! King, George H., Denver King, William J., Villa Grove Kirk, Charles L., Denver Kirk, Chas. L. Jr., Denver Kirk, William J., Denver Kirkiand, Charles D., Denver Kistler, Bruce, Denver Kistler, Earl O., Denver Kistler, Edwin A., Denver Kline, Harry B., Denver Knifton, George H., Denver Knight, Stephen, Denver Kountze, Harold, Denver Kresser, Joseph, Denver Kruse, Jacob J.. Kiowa Kuhlenbeck, Theo. H., Denver Kuykendall, John M., Denver Lambert, Wm. T. Jr., Sedalia Lapham, Horace A., Denver Latimer, John, Salt Lake City, Utah Law, A. R. S., Denver Lawes, Joseph F., Denver Lawver^ Eldgar A. Jr., Denver Lee, Walter S., Denver Lee, Wm. R., Rifle Lehman, Edward W., Denver Lemen, Lewis E., Denver Light, G. Rufus. Denver Light, James, Denver Lindsey, Gordon W., Denver Linn, Ralph H., Denver Littlejohn, Lawrence, G'nd June. Lobach, Edwin, Florence Logsdon, James F., Denver Long, George W., Denver Long, John Jr., Denver Loveland. Francis W.. Denver Lower, Clarence L., Denver Luedke, Wm., Oak Creek MacDonald, Hector A., Denver Madden, Clinton B., Denver Mahannah, Hen. H., Whitewater Mahoney, John J., Denver Malone, George E., Denver Maloney, Frank J., Denver Maloney, Harry F., Denver Manchester, Thomas C, Denver Manning, S. C, Hyannis, Neb. Martin, Earl L., Fort Collins Martin, Ryle C, Burlington Marshall, John S., Denver Marshall, Rev. Chas. H., Denver Massey, Harold J., Denver Masters, Clarence L., Boulder Mathes, James J., Central City Mathews, Harvey V., Ft. Collins Mathias, Jacob T., Denver Mayer, Adolph, Denver Mayer, Louis H., Denver Mayer, Sam, Denver Mayfield, William, Denver Mays, Mint M., New York City McBride, Charles J.. Denver McCarthy, Felix R., Denver McCartney, Frank M., Denver McCoy, Claude L., OIney Spgs McDevitt, John H., Durango McDonald. George T., Denver McFall, Benjamin, Denver McFall, Oliver, Denver McGill, Patrick J., Denver McGovern, E. P., Denver McGowan, R. D., Denver Mclnroy, James P., Larkspur Mcllwee, Ray C, Denver McMillan, Carl C, Denver McNeill, John L., Durango McNerny, Clyde F., Denver McPhee, Elmer, Denver McPhee, William P., Denver McPherson, J. D., Denver McQuade, Patrick J., Denver McQueary, Ralph, Granby Means, Frank H., Saguache Mears, Otto, Denver Merritt, Robert W., Denver Miller, Bert J., Denver Miller, E. F., Denver Miller, James P., Lafayette Miller, Warner D., Denver Miller, William J., Denver Mills, Wilbur P., Rawlins, Wyo. Mills, Wm. F. R., Denver Moberg, E. Leonard, Denver Morey, Chester S., Denver Morey, John W., Denver Morgan, Edward B., Denver Morley, Harold T., Denver Morrison, William B., Denver Morrow, William A., Denver Moyle, Matthew W., Denver Mullen, Chas. V., Benver Mullen, John K., Denver Mulnix, Robert C., Denver m Mulvihill, Frank E., Denver Munroe, Roy G., Denver Murray, Malcolm H., Denver Myler, W. I., Dolores Nagle, Fritz A., Denver Napier, Barnette T., Glenwood Naylor, John Q., Denver Nelson, George E., Ft. Collins Nelson, Joseph M., Denver Nesbit, Fred, Tioga. Colo. Newcomb, Dan E., La Jara Newport, Tames J., Denver Newman, William M., Denver Newton, George, Denver Newton, Robert, Denver Newton, Whitney, Jr., Denver Newton, Whitney. Denver Nicholls, Henry L., Denver Nielson, Robert, Denver Nienhiser, Henry, Denver Noce, Daniel, Denver Nord, Arthur C. S., Denver Nord, Paul O. S., Denver Nosek, George, Georgetown Nosek, Joseph, Denver Nye, Artemus F., Des Moines, la. Oborn, Harry W., Denver O'Connor, James, Denver O'Donnell, Canton, Denver O'Donnell, Ottomar, Denver Okerstrom, Claus O., Denver Olson, Emil A., Denver Olson, Richard G., Denver Oppenlander, Richard C, Denver Orman, James B., Denver Owen, Wm. R., Jr., Denver Ownbey, James A., Boulder Palmer, Everett C, Denver Paradice, Charles W., Denver Patterson, Wm. R., Greeley Peabody, James C, Denver Pearce, William R., Denver Peavey, George James, Denver Peck, Charles, Denver Peck, Fred A., Grand Junction Peck, William A., Denver Peek, Willard D.. Denver Pell, George W., Denver Peltier, David J., Lafayette Pendleton. Jonathan M., Denver Perrin, William S., Denver Peterman, Joe, Denver Phelps, Horace, Denver Phillips, James B., Greeley Pitkin, Lucius B., Denver Phillips, Lafayette, Denver Pletter, Walter E., Denver Pollack, Abraham. Dfnver Porter, John A., Denver Porter, John H., Denver Post, Frederic E., Denver Prior, George W., Denver Proctor. A. P., New York Protheroe, Vaughn D., Denver Rapp, Leonard S., Denver Rapp, Leslie A., Denver Rader, Cranston B., Denver Rajin, Lafe, Oak Creek Rankin, John M., Denver Rantschler, Fred C, Denver Ratliffe, J. Harry, Vernal, Utah Ray, Qarence R., Denver Reardon, Joseph N., Denver Rechter, J. A. Jr., Denver Reitze, Libor, Denver Remhardt, Jacob, Denver Resberg, Wm. E., Denver Reseigh, Clifford T., Denver Reynolds, Charles H., Denver Reynolds, John L., Denver Rhoads, Halsey M., Denver Richardson, Felix A., Denver Riche, Jerome S., Denver Richmond, Geo. Q., Denver Richmond. Walter LeR, Denver Richter, O. H. Jr., Denver Robbing, Lew W., Jefferson Roberts, Charles P., Denver Roberts, Raymond R., Denver Roberts, Rodney, Denver Robertson, William M., Denver Roe, Robert S., Denver Roeschlaub, J. A., Denver THE TRAIL Rogers, Charles A., Denver Rogers, James G., Denver Roller, Douglas A., Denver Ronaldson. William C, Denver Roots, John Riley, Jr., Denver Rothweiler, George A., Denver Royce, Sherman J., Denver bidge, Alfred P., Denver Rudd, Phillip, Denver Ruffner, Eug. G., Winslow, Ariz. Ruffner, Harry, Denver Ruffner, Ralph R., Butte, Mont. Rushmore. Frank T., Denver Russell, Charles S., Denver Russell, Shirley L.. Denver Ruthven, Alfred E., Denver Ryan, Timothy C, Denver Sachs, Henry E., Denver Saenger, Alfred G., Denver Salstrand, Geo. A., Denver Sanborn, W. R., Jefferson Sandell, Carl R., Denver Sanderson, George, Denver Sanderson, Walter S., Denver Sanderson, William, Denver Sawyer, Forrest E.. Morrison Schade, Earl C, Denver Schaefer, Joseph A., Denver Schaefer, Louis, Denver .Schaefer. Peter C, Denver Schall, Wheeler F., Fort Collins Scherrer, Ivan S., Denver Scherrer, Ralph E., Denver Scherrer, Walter W., Byers Schey, Jacob, Longmont Scheye, Max B., Denver Schirmer, Frank, Denver Schneider, Charles S., Denver Shelly, Asa J., Denver Scholtz, Edmund L., Denver Schroeder, Charles E., Denver Schuch, Leland S., Denver Schuyler, Karl C, Denver Scott, Harry P., Fort Morgan Shabouh, Anthony, Denver Shafroth, John F., Washington, D.C. Shafroth, Morrison, Denver Sharpley, William H., Denver Shiver, Wm., Rinard, Iowa Schuch, Leland S., Denver Sealey, Fred C, Denver Settle, James B., Denver Shoup, Harold, Colo. Spgs. Shoup, Oliver H., Denver Shoup, Merrill, Colo. Spgs. Shoup, Verner, Colo. Spgs. Shumen, Walter C. Jr.. Denver Shumway, Charles H., Denver Sigi, John W., Denver Simpson, Wm. L., Cody, Wyo, Sims, George N., Denver Sitterle, Clements, Denver Slagle, Kenneth, Denver Slagle, Robert E., Denver Smedley, William, Denver Smedley, William P., Denver Smiley, Arthur C, Denver Smiley, Henry C, Denver Smith, Albert D., Denver Smith, Albert H., Longmont Smith, Charles L. Jr., Denver Smith, Dolph E., Longmont Smith, D. Raymond, Ault Smith, Edward A., Denver Smith, Francis P., Denver Smith, Henry A., Denver Smith, Holland C. S., Denver Smith, Horace G., Denver Smith, Kit Carson, Breckenridge Smith, Newton B., Denver Snively, Arthur C, Denver Snively, Joseph R., Denver Soden, Bernard J., Denver Sopris, George L., Denver Sorensen, Stanley, Denver Sothman, August, Denver Sitterle, Clements, Denver Spangler, Wm. A., Denver Speaker, Clarence H., Vallery Spencer, Allen B., Denver -Spencer, Otis B., Denver Spencer, Robt. J., Denver Spendlow, Arthur, Erie 31 Spoor, Grover C, Pueblo Sprague, Abner E., Moraine Park Springer, Harry R., Denver Stanton, Irving W.. Pueblo Stebbins, Herbert C., Denver Steele, Albert W., Denver Steele, Henry P., Denver Steele, Hugh R., Denver Steele, James M., Denver Steele, William C, Rocky Ford Steinhauer, Frederick C, Denver Steffan, Frederick H., Denver Stewart, Edward H., Denver Stewart. William H., Denver Stobie, Charles S., Chicago, 111. Stokes, Chas. A., Denver Stone, Wilbur F., Denver Stovell, James M., Tulsa, Okla. Sturvesant, Sam B., Grand Jet. Sullivan, Charles A., Denver Sweeney, Eugene P., Denver Swingle, Thomas, Denver Symes, J. Foster, Denver Symonds, Fred L., Denver Taggart, Albert R., Galeton Taggart, Roger W., Denver Tannenbaum, David, Denver Tarbell, Charles L., Saguache Tarbell, Harry, Seattle, Wash. Taylor, Charles Jr., Denver Taylor, Edw. T.. Glenwood Sp'gs Taylor, Edw. T. Jr., Glenwood Taylor, William F.. Loveland Teller, H. Bruce, Byers, Colo. Thies, Fritz, Denver Thomas, George K.. Denver Thomas, Hugh B., Denver Thomas, Wm., Denver Thompson, Earle P., Denver Thompson, Robert, Denver Thornhill, Stanley A., Denver Thorson, Carlisle J., Denver Thorson, Olie, Glenwood Springs Thurlow, Chas. W., Loveland Tiernan, Willis L., Denver Tinker, Clyde L., Denver Tishler, Walter L., Denver Titus, Augustus, Denver Titus, S. Dickson, Denver Todd. William D., Denver Toncray, C. H., Denver Trease, Merritt A., Denver Trustman, Elias, Denver Tucker, Cromwell, Denver Tufford, Harry L., Denver Turner, George E., Denver Turner. Robert F., Denver Twombly, George W., Denver Ulmer, Harry G., Denver Upton, Frank M., Denver Vandemoer, Neil C, Denver Vandergrift, Harry, Denver Vaughn, Virgil, Dunkley, Colo. Vail, Grant L., Denver Veal, Alfred Jr., Aspen, Colo. Velie, Charles L., Denver Velie, Julius A., Denver Vieira, Herbert J., Denver Vosburgh, Nathan O. Jr., Denver Vroom, J., Nicoll, Denver Vroom, John B., Denver Wagner^ Glen H., Arvada Wall, Chester J., Denver Wallace, Blaine B., Denver Wallace, Harry A., Denver Walsen, Frederick G., Denver Walsh, Donald C, Denver Walters, Matthew, Denver Ward, Charlie, Denver Ward, Josiah M., Denver Ward, William D., Denver Warner, Harry 0., Denver Warner, James M., Denver Watkins, Frank K., Denver Watson, Milton E., Denver Webb, Eugene R., Denver Webb, Oscar D. F., Denver Webster, Bethuel M., Denver Weil, Dan G.. Denver Weiland, F. M., Fowler Weiner, Karl S., Denver Weiss, Adam J., Del Norte Welch, Charles C, Golden 32 THE TRAIL Welch, John, Wolcott Wells, Bulkeley, Telluride Wells, George T., Denver Wells, John C, Denver Welte, Johan B., Littleton Whaite, Adelbert H., Denver Wheeler, Frank, Denver Wheeler, Frank E., Denver Wheeler, Theodore A., Denver Whitaker, Albert S., Denver White, Kenneth I., bijulder Whitley, Edward W., Denver Wilcox, Charles MacA.. Denver Williams, Arthur H., IDenver Williams, Carl W., Denver Williams, Edward, Walsen Williams, Hervy A., Gunnison Williams, John H., Denver Williams, Robert E., Golden Williamson, George H., Denver Willis, Cecil H., Denver Willis, S. L., Encampment, Wyo. Willson, Newton M., Denver Wilmer, Ray H., Carbondale Wilson, Floyd A., Denver Wilson, Howard W., Denver Wilson, James H., Denver Wilmers, Joe N., Bayfield Wingate, John W., Durango. Wimmer, Ray H., Carbondale Wilson, Valdo I., Denver Withay, Jay B., Denver Witherbee, Max O., Brighton Woeber, J. Chester, Denver Wood, Raymond V., Denver Woodard, Brannen S., Denver Woodward, Abner F. Jr., Denver Woodward, Chas. A., Sulphur Spgi Work, Philip, Pueblo Work, Robt., Pueblo Wrigley, Merle G., Denver Wright, Chester D., Denver Wyalt, David K., Ault, Colo. Young, Francis C., Denver Zimmerhackel, Harry, Denver Ziser, Carl J., Denver The Passing of The Pioneer MRS. LUCY E. R. SCOTT, a resident of this city for fifty years, died at her residence, 2842 Josephine street. Born in Vermont 82 years ago, Mrs. Scott and her husband, George Scott, moved to this city from Chicago in 1869, when she became identified with the Emerson and Columbia schools, where she taught for more than ten years. She was deputy superin- tendent of schools for several years, and for a time was in the surveyor general's office. MRS. MARY H HAGUS Died at her home, 1959 Washington street, August 6, following an illness of three weeks. Mrs. Hagus was the widow of the late John J. Hagus, former well known furniture dealer of this city. She was 74 years old jand had lived at the Washington street ad- dress for 35 years. She was born in Beren- stein, Prussia, and came to this country with her parents when a small child. Before coming to Denver she lived in Leadville, where her husband operated the first furni- ture store in that city. She is survived by three sons, the Rev. Charles H Hagus of Littleton, the Rev. Louis Hagus of Victor, and Joseph C. Hagus; and two daughters, Mrs. Elizabeth Branderburg of Denver and Mrs. Emma Dandrow of Chi- cago. nia Street, August 8, from heart disease. He had just returned from his dinner when he was stricken. Mr. Howard was born in Pittsburg, Pa., in March, 1842, and while a mere lad made the trip overland in a prairie schooner. He arrived in Colorado in 1859 and immediately set out to hunt for gold. He was one of the first gold hunters to penetrate the San Juan district, where he still held mining claims at the time of his death. Mr. Howard was a member of the Colorado Pioneer Society and of the Elks. GEORGE W. HOWARD, a Colorado '59er prospector, died suddenly in his room at the Sears hotel, 1755 Califor- RICHARD T. CAFFREY Passed away after a long illness at his home in Oklahoma City. He was born in Iowa and came west with his parents in the early days of Colorado, locating at Central City and later moving to Leadville, Colo. He was a member of the original Leadville Drump Corps which traveled under the lead- ership of George W. Cook from ocean to ocean. Mr. Caffrey later settled in Denver, where he was Deputy Clerk and Recorder for six years. On the opening of Oklahoma, when the big race was made for land, he located a homestead near what was afterward Okla- homa City. Later he was elected and re- elected as County Clerk and Recorder of that town, where he made his residence. Surviving him are two brothers and three sisters living in Oklahoma City, and other relatives in Colorado. ilatn 212 '%%/%/%/%%>%/%'^b/%/%^'%^%/%'%^%^'%/%/%^%/%%''^'%/%/%/%/%^%^%/%/%/%/%^'< The Daniels ^Fisher Stores Co. Early Fall Fashions for Better Dressed \Voinen t t Special GoA\^ns for Special Occasions Our Women's Wear Department is showing some decidedly attractive Evening and Dinner Gowns. We cordially invite you to inspect them. |» Many of the smartest gowns are developed in black lace; others in the pastel shades of Georgette, Chiffon, and Velvet. Bead and ostrich trimmings are used extensively. These gowns are distinctive and individual in their loveliness and are admirably suited to the formal dinner, dance and social affair of the coming season. We have also received an interesting assortment of Street Dresses in serge, tricotine and poiret twill. These dresses are beautifully trim- med in braid, buttons and embroidery in self tones and contrasting colors. Many feature the shoestring sash. One particularly attrac- tive model is in gray English Oxford cloth, trimmed in braid. 4/% %/%/m/^^%^>'%/%/%/%/%^^>'%/%/%/%/%^ %''%^%/%/%/%/^'%^%/%^%/%^'%'%/%^%/%^%' '