UC-NRLF I.IBRAIIY <,; THK . Itnumsitu of California* .No Division Range Shelf Received e P REPORT UPON THE DETERMINATION ASTRONOMICAL CO-ORDINATES OF THE PRIMARY STATIONS AT CHEYENNE, WYOMING TERRITORY, AND COLORADO SPRINGS, COLORADO TERRITORY, MADE DURING The Years 1872 and 1873, GEOGRAPHICAL AND GEOLOGICAL EXPLORATIONS AND SURVEYS WEST OF THE ONE HUNDREDTH MERIDIAN. \]L . FIRST LIEUTENANT GEORGE M. WHEELER, CORPS OP ENGINKERS, IN CHARGE. Dr. F. KAMPF and J. H. CLARK, CIVILIAN ASTRONOMICAL ASSISTANTS. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1874. TABLE OF CONTENTS. Page. Order of sequence for an astronomical report 7 Abbreviations and signs 8 Cheyenne station .11 Description of observatory 12 Description of instruments used 13 Connections, (telegraphic) 13 Tabulation of stars used 14 Instrumental values 15 Uniform tables of time reductions at sending and receiving stations 16-27 Correction and rate of chronometers 28 Grouping of series of exchange of signals 29 Personal equation 3 Probable error 30 Resulting longitude 3 Reduction of the latitude observations 31-44 Mean places of stars used for determination of latitude 31 Observations for latitude 32-38 Computations for latitude 3Q-44 Resulting astronomical co-ordinates 45 Colorado Springs station, Colorado Territory 49 Geographical position of station 49 Physical-geography details 49 Meteorological conditions 50 Description of observatory 50 Description of instruments used 51 Points of connection 52 Tabulation of stars used for time 53 Corrections and rates of chronometers 64 Signals for determination of longitude between Salt Lake City and Colorado Springs 65-67 Final results for longitude 68 Mean places of stars for 1873 used for determination of latitude . 69 Observations for latitude 70-73 Computations for latitude 74~?6 Discussion of probable error 77-?8 Astronomical co-ordinates 78 Instructions for conducting observations, field-season of 1873 OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, Washington, D. C., February 13, 1874. SIR: Lieut. George M. Wheeler, Corps of Engineers, has sent to this office a report embodying the results from the astronomical observations made at Cheyenne, Wyoming Territory, and Colorado Springs, Colorado Territory. As this report contains information of value to officers engaged upon explorations, surveys, and reconnaissances in the western country, I have respectfully to recommend that it be printed at the Government Printing-Office, and that five hundred copies be furnished on requisition from this office. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, A. A. HUMPHREYS, Brigadier- General and Chief of Engineers. Hon. W. W. BELKNAP, Secretary of War. Approved by the Secretary of War, February 14, 1874. H. T. CROSBY, Chief Clerk UNITED STATES ENGINEER OFFICE, GEOGRAPHICAL AND GEOLOGICAL EXPLORATIONS AND SURVEYS WEST OF THE IOOTH MERIDIAN, Washington, D. C., February g, 1874. SIR: I have the honor to forward herewith a report embodying the results from the astronomical observations made at Cheyenne, Wyoming Territory, and Colorado Springs, Colorado Territory. They are typical stations for the years 1872 and 1873, although not selected because of probable errors that are a minimum. Attention is invited to the methods employed and the order of sequence in reporting the results. Uniformity of plan seems to be a matter of so great importance in the prosecu- tion of astronomical work in the western interior that the one now in use is submitted for consideration as a step at least in this direction. Minor features of the methods are still to be perfected ; yet the errors of star- places, from observation, and those known as instrumental, have now become reduced to such small and nearly equable values, that it seems desirable that some general and uniform plan should be adopted for the report at least, if not for the manner of con- ducting the observations. The present one is submitted with extreme diffidence, and will probably demand certain changes in the light of future experience. At Colorado Springs a heavy stone monument and observing-pier, with meridian- marks, have been established. The same has been done at the greater number of the other points occupied as main field-stations in the years 1871, 1872, and 1873. These meridian-lines may serve various purposes in checking future surveys in adjacent areas. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, GEO. M. WHEELER, Lieutenant of Engineers, in Charge. Brig. Gen. A. A. HUMPHREYS, Chief of Engineers, United States Army. NOTE. The results from the observations made during the field-seasons of 1871, 1872, and 1873, at the remaining primary stations, twenty-two in number, will appear in Volume II of the Reports of the Survey, as proposed in the Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for 1878, Appendix EE. ORDER OF SEQUENCE FOR AN ASTRONOMICAL REPORT AT MAIN OR PRIMARY FIELD-STATIONS. Longitude by Telegraph; Latitude by Zenith Telescope, (Talcotfs method.) 1. Geographical position of station. 2. Physical-geography details; especially all physical peculiarities. 3. Meteorological conditions, both general and special; the latter while observa- tions were made. 4. Description of observatory; including personnel of party, name of telegraph- operator, and name of telegraph-company whose wire has been employed. 5. Description of instruments used. 6. Points with which connections were made; nights of observation, and observ- ers; also name of computer or computers. 7. Tabulation of stars used, and number of observations. 8. .Instrumental values; circumstances of telegraphic communication, i. e., length of circuit, number of batteries, repeaters, &c. 9. Uniform tables of time-reductions at receiving-station. 10. Uniform tables of time-reductions at sending-station. n. Grouping of series of exchange-signals, including means of single and serial results. 1 2. Personal equation. 13. Probable error by least squares. 14. Resulting longitude. 15. Reduction of the latitude-observations properly grouped, with discussion of results. 1 6. Resulting astronomical co-ordinates. ABBREVIATIONS AND SIGNS. a, b, c, azimuth, level, and collimation corrections. A, B, C, = azimuth, level, and collimation factors. T zz observed time reduced to the mean of wires and corrected for rate. T" zz observed time corrected for instrumental errors. AR. zz apparent right ascension of star. ^/o T zz resulting error of the chronometer after the mean of the wires is cor- rected for rate and level. -<4 T zz adopted mean error of chronometer. dT = JT J T. ^ T zz error of the chronometer. v zz difference between mean final correction of chronometer and J T. REPORT ON ASTEONOMICAL OPEKATIONS, CONDUCTED DUKING THE FIELD-SEASON OF 1872, AT THE MAIN OR PRIMARY FIELD-STATION, CHEYENNE, WYOMING TERRITORY, DEDUCTION OF RESULTS. BY DR. F. KAMPF AND J. H. CLARK, CIVILIAN ASTRONOMICAL ASSISTANTS, UNITED STATES ENGINEER OFFICE, GEOGRAPHICAL AND GEOLOGICAL EXPLORATIONS AND SURVEYS WEST OF THE IOOTH MERIDIAN, Washington, D. (7., January i, 1874. CHEYENNE, WYOMING TERRITORY. (i.) GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION OF STATION. The station at Cheyenne, the latitude of which is N. 41 T 46". 62, and its longi- tude 28'" i9 8 44 east of the Mormon observatory at Salt Lake, is situated in the western part of the town, in lot 1 1, block 413, and is northwest from the junction of the branch- road leading to the depot of Fort D. A. Russell with the main stem of the Union Pacific Railroad. The town of Cheyenne, on the north side of the railroad, is the capital of Wyoming Territory; and besides the Union Pacific Railroad with its branch to Fort Russell, has a railroad- connection with Denver, Colorado. These facilities make it a flourishing place, and it possesses already, in addition to its public buildings, quite a number of substantial business-houses and attractive private residences. A fine hotel, engine-houses, workshops, and other similar improvements, are among the sources of prosperity which spring directly from the railroad-company. Besides the traffic with Fort Russell, it is the depot for Red Cloud's agency, Fort Laramie, and the settlements on the North Platte, The surrounding region affords unlimited pasturage, and cattle are said not only to subsist but grow fat on it during the whole year. Agriculturally there is but little promise outside of what may be accomplished by irrigation. (2.) PHYSICAL-GEOGRAPHY DETAILS. The site of Cheyenne is nearly or quite level; northward, however, there is .a gradual swell of the land, and within a few miles it cuts off the extensive view one is accustomed to on the great plains. Eastward and southward there is the usual rolling and slightly-broken prairie; but in the southwest, Long's Peak, already white this September with snow, some seventy miles distant, looms up boldly above the horizon. West and northwest, low mountains, many of which mark the rim of the Laramie Plains, are just visible. Crow Creek, a moderate stream coming down from the foot- hills of this rim, forms a valley immediately west and south of the town, working its way apparently through mountain-drift, as the direct eruptive force of the Rocky Mountain system seems not to have reached so far east in this latitude. (3.) METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS. The determination of this station occupied the first three weeks in the month of October, 1872. There were no rains, nor any clouds, and, with the exception of two or three windy nights, the elements presented no obstacle whatever to a continued series of observations. In the early morning it would become cold enough to form 12 ice, making it sufficiently uncomfortable to restrain the ardor of an observer from extending his observations into the small hours of the night. From the experience of this season, and that of many others which I have undergone in former years in astronomical work, both on the plains and in the mountains, I am of the opinion that the best time of the year (so far as the weather is concerned) for astronomical observa- tions in the Territories and the far Western States occurs in September and October. They are the months that fall between the rainy season of the summer and the stormy weather of the winter. The following table shows the direction of the wind, and the estimated force, from 7 a. m. to 7 p. m. and from 7 p. m. to 7 a. m. The weather was clear all the time. Such an atmosphere, at an elevation of 6,000 feet, could not be otherwise than favor- able for astronomical work. Date. General direction of wind. Estimated force of wind. Remarks. 7 a. m. to 7 p. m. 7 p. m. to 7 a. m. 7 a. m. to 7 p. m. 7 p. m. to 7 a. m. 1872. October 5 NW. N. I i 6 sw. o I 7 NW. o I o 8 NE. o I 9 SE. o i o 10 SE. i o ii N. o i o 12 N. o i 13 o o o o 14 NW. NW. i I Aurora borealis in the north 15 NW. o 2 at 11.30 p. m. 16 NW. o I o 17 SW. o I o Aurora borealis in the north 18 o o O at 9 p. m. 19 W. o I o 20 W. N. I 2 (4.) DESCRIPTION OF OBSERVATORY. A large wall-tent drawn over a framework formed the observatory. The open- ing for the meridian-line was furnished with a flap and curtains ; the former served to protect the instrument from the weather when not in use, and the latter to keep off the wind and dust while observing. Here, and at other stations previously occupied, the opening for the meridian-line in the observatory was entirely unobstructed. Subse- quently it was found to be an improvement to retain the ridge-pole (which commonly interferes but little with the completeness of the observations) as a support against the violent winds so prevalent in the country in which our operations are conducted. The tent was furnished with all the appliances of a field and temporary observatory, such as stools, stands, tables, and the like, and nothing was wanting as to equipment for first- class field-work. The Western Union Telegraph Company furnished the line and other facilities for this station. Mr. Bates, one of the operators employed at the Cheyenne office, was assigned to do the telegraphing; and when business did not per- 13 mit him to leave, which sometimes happened, Mr. Henderson, who was off duty at this hour, was obliging enough to supply his place gratuitously. Mr. F. R. Simonton was my assistant here, and kept, in conjunction with C. Herbert, an hourly meteorological record, besides his other duties as assistant. (5.) DESCRIPTION OF INSTRUMENTS USED. (a.) Transit. The transit used was the meridian-zenith-instrument No. 28, made by Wiirde- mann, a description of which is given in Dr. Kampf's report, and it was mounted on a large block of wood. The instrumental values are, for one division of the micrometer- screw, o". 621 6; of the striding-level A, i".2i; and of the zenith-level, i".io. (I.} Chronograph. The record of the observations for time, as well as the exchange of signals, with one exception (the night of the Hth), was made by means of the chronograph, of the form contrived by Professor Harkness, United States Naval Observatory. It consists of clock- woi'k driven by a weight, and can be adjusted to run some two hours. The regulation of the movement is effected by a steel spring, with movable balances, strik- ing on a fly-wheel. A cylinder is attached, covered with paper, and is made to revolve once a minute. Along this cylinder a screw carries a pen, which, being in the same circuit with the chronometer, records its breaks. The chronometric breaks are made every second, except the sixtieth, which is omitted, to mark the minute. Removing the paper from the cylinder, both the minutes and the seconds will be found, if the instru- ment is working properly, recorded in parallel lines, and the culminations of the stars observed, distinctly marked by arbitrary breaks, and easily read off. (c.) Chronometer. The chronometer in use here was the Negus break-circuit No. 1499. It had a gaining-rate, +0.054, hourly average, at a mean temperature of 50. The break- arrangement got out of order once, but it was readily repaired, and ran the rest of the season without giving any trouble. (B A cC T' AR. AT h. m. s. s. s. s. h. m. s. h. m. s. m. s. v Capricorni . . W. 20 22 27.72 0.04 + 0.16 20 22 27.84 20 20 1.41 2 26.43 e Delphini . . 29 33.61 0.09 + 0.09 29 33.61 27 7-37 26.24 Groombridge 3241 . 32 59-45 0.28 0.30 . 32 58.87 30 32.72 26.15 a Cygni .... . 39 31-84 0.25 O.O2 . 39 31-57 37 5-29 26.28 " A q n. mi. . 48 13.16 - 0.13 + 0.14 48 13-17 45 46-74 26.43 12-Year Cat., 1879 E. 55 47-17 - 0.99 - 0.66 . 55 45-52 53 18.99 26.53 61 Cygni .... 21 3 37.78 0.09 + O.OI . 21 3 37.70 21 I 11.41 26.29 C Cygni .... . 9 57-05 o.oS -t- 0.04 . . 9 57-01 7 30.92 26.O6 a Cephei .... . 17 59-12 + O.O2 - 0.14 . 17 59-oo 15 32.72 26.28 /} Aquarii. . 27 17.73 -+- 0.01 + 0.13 . 27 17-87 24 51.19 26.68 ft Cephei .... . 29 27.95 + 0.03 0.26 29 27.72 27 i-34 26.38 f Aquarii. . 33 24.70 + O.OI + 0.13 . 33 24.84 30 58.26 26.58 c Pegasi .... 40 22.32 + O.OI + 0.09 40 22.42 37 55 92 26.50 2 26 T7 * ** j 1 Normal Equations. 13^+ 3-i5 + 3-05-- 5-43 a= 0.18 3. 15<5/ + 20.33*1 + 21.20*-= 4.81 6t 2.89 a= 2.65 a 0.359 2, 8g(!/+ 8.630= 1.36 B aA cC T' AR, AT h. m. s- s. s. s. h. m. s. h. m. s. h. m. s. t Piscium . . . W. 25 25 33.95 + 0.28 + 46.27 0.30 25 26 20.20 23 33 24.59 -I 52 55-61 y Cephi .... . 30 28.91 + 1.25 201.71 - 1-33 27 7.12 34 1 1. 60 55-52 Groombridge 4163 . 44 7-86 + 1.05 -149.71 -.1.07 4i 38.13 48 42.32 55-81 a Andromedae . . 54 25.00 4- 0.39 + 19-59 0-34 54 44.64 24 I 49.06 55.58 7 Pegasi . ... . 59 0-72 + 0.32 + 36.13 - 0.31 59 36.86 6 41-33 55-53 I ^2 ^S 60 * y 33 ** Normal Equations. 5(V+ 3. 2ia= 247.54 a= 78.00 3. 21 (5/4- n.o2a= 857.87 (S/=+o.s8 (TO.) UNIFORM TABLES OF TIME-REDUCTIONS AT RECEIVING-STATION Continued. CHEYENNE, WYOMING TERRITORY, October 14, 1872. Name of Star. Clamp. T B aA eC r AR. AT h. m. s. s. s. s. h. m. s. h. m. s. h. m. s. 6 Aquarii. W. 24 2 50.84 + 0.05 0.70 - 0.35 24 2 49.84 22 10 6.97 -I 52 42.87 TT Aquarii. 10 30.51 4- 0.06 - 0.59 - 0.35 10 29.63 18 46.61 43.02 g Draconis, L. C. . . 16 54.06 0.16 - 3-42 + 1.48 16 51.96 24 9.01 42.95 226 Cephei .... 22 46.08 4- 0.26 + 2.07 - 1.40 22 47.OI 30 4.06 42.95 f Pegasi . ' . 27 50.73 + 0.07 - 0.48 0.36 27 49.96 35 6.88 43.08 L Cephei .... . 38 53.05 4- 0.17 4- 0.91 - 0.84 38 53.29 .45 10.27 43-02 a Piscis Australia . . 43 21.71 4- 0.03 1. 00 - 0.41 43 20.33 50 37.19 43-14 n Pegasi .... CO O TC 4- 0.07 0.42 0.36 50 8.64 58 25.46 43.18 Mean at 22 11 30'" local sidereal time . I 52 43.03 Normal Equations. 8<5/4- 3.qg 7.4OB B A ^C T' AR. AT h. m. s. s. s. s. h. m. s. h. m. s. h. m. s. Groombridge 3241 E. 22 23 11.27 + 0.53 + 1.51 + o-33 22 23 13.64 20 30 32.58 I 52 41 .06 a Cygni .... 29 45-57 + 0.26 + 0.08 + 0.14 29 46.05 37 5-29 40.76 . Aquarii . 38 28.07 + 0.12 0.71 + O.IO 38 27.58 45 46.74 40.84 v Cygni .... . 45 5-8o + 0.28 O.OI + 0.13 45 6.20 52 25.44 40.76 61 Cygni .... 53 5i-8i + 0.29 0.06 + 0.13 53 52.17 21 I 11.41 40.76 if Aquarii W 24 ii 28.03 + 0.18 0.58 o. 10 24 ii 27.53 22 18 46.59 40.94 9 Draconis, L. C. . 16 53.41 - 0.47 - 3-39 + 0.42 16 49.97 24 9-25 40.72 ., Aquarii . 21 30.52 + 0.19 0.60 O.IO 21 3O.OI 28 48.96 41.05 f Pegasi .... . 27 48.17 + 0.23 - 0.47 O. IO 27 47.83 35 6.86 40.97 I 52 40.88 Normal Equations. gt+ 4.690+ 9.48^= 2.42 rt = 0.90 4. f>gdt+ 18.723+ g.4O. Draconis, L. C. 1 6 23.34 0.08 - 2-73 - 0.47 16 20.06 23 46.30 33.76 y Cephei .... 26 41 .07 + 0.29 + 2.59 + 0.71 27 44.66 34 it. oi 33.65 Mean at 23'' local sidereal time I 52 33.91 Normal Equations. I3<" + 7.66n + 4.30.:=: 5.93 = I.oo 7. 66(5^ + 41. 220+ 3.07 7915 35 45 39 33 26.8 6722 31 13 36 39 42.7 35 on 7972 46 15 42 37 57-2 6754 37 52 45 13 21.6 3 3*7 7978 47 19 39 29 16.4 6771 39 40 37 2 46.8 37 7984 48 17 39 41 41-2 6777 40 54 34 42 8.2 ~Q 8023 56 2 41 38 18.2 6830 48 42 47 36 8.4 3 8037 58 2 9 40 35 4-0 Q 6924 2O 2 27 55 58 15.3 8131 23 14 18 23 2 24.9 O 6940 5 12 26 31 33.6 39 8153 16 47 59 25 55.0 6943 6 26 26 25 44.7 * 8160 18 58 22 42 0.3 9 6976 10 25 56 10 35.7 8195 25 o 38 3t 59-7 6933 II 30 47 19 19-5 4 1 8223 31 18 43 43 I7.I 10 6998 13 43 34 35 2.2 42 8237 34 4 43 37 3L7 7022 17 34 39 50 53-3 8279 42 36 61 30 12.6 1 1 7041 20 57 42 II 12.8 43 8296 45 52 20 57 33.7 44 8301 46 9 21 I 53-5 7101 28 26 41 2 12.5 45 8338 54 13 61 27 54.3 *3 7114 29 57 40 39 29.0 8359 57 37 61 34 30.3 7174 37 J7 41 '5 34-3 Af\ 68 o 14 35 67 6 46.1 7198 40 22 46 49 59.6 4 98 20 53 15 19 o.i 14 7213 42 24 36 I 16.6 47 .Q 102 21 33 15 44 14-2 4 116 24 8 15 19 48.6 7253 48 42 43-54 12.7 49 122 24 56 15 18 54.0 7259 49 3 43 54 4-4 7273 52 2 44 26 o.o 158 30 30 34 4' 41-9 7290 53 53 43 58 25.2 5 e T 197 37 20 47 9 43-7 7317 57 47 44 17 12.6 5' 198 37 35 47 35 o.i 15, 16 7320 58 6 38 9 9-6 17, 18 7336 21 I 2 38 7 16.8 255 49 3 59 40 8.8 19, 20 7337 I 3 38 7 8 5 5 2 264 50 23 22 43 32.6 7365 6 18 53 2 28.3 290 56 43 53 31 6.2 2 1 7368 7 28 29 42 10.7 53 299 57 28 28 58 31.5 22 7398 12 24 38 51 33-6 341 l 3 25 14 59 29.4 7402 "3 40 43 24 29.1 54 379 9 35 67 8 26.9 23 7410 7476 15 to 23 53 23 19 6.6 59 u 37-3 55 56 394 427 431 12 38 19 21 19 46 63 59 9-5 18 30 19.0 18 34 35-5 24 7453 20 33 36 6 54.9 444 23 9 67 44 58.1 25 7462 22 8 36 33 40.7 57 453 24 38 14 4' 7-2 7469 748o 22 48 M 40 45 51 36.2 45 58 37-1 58 502 510 33 2 33 58 39 55 39-1 41 58 10.3 7555 36 28 54 17 26.4 572 46 30 18 39 55-5 2 7568 38 25 28 9 55-7 59 60 573 46 30 i 8 40 3.8 ' 7569 38 25 28 9 58.2 583 50 13 63 59 49.4 28 7602 43 i 38 21 46.0 611 53 32 63 46 13-7 7681 57 46 44 2 1.2 61 657 227 25 19 58.5 7705 22 O 47 44 23 33.4 696 9 4 56 55 17.0 (15.) REDUCTION OF THE LATITUDE-OBSERVATIONS Continued. Observations for Latitude. Station, Cheyenne, Wyoming Territory. Date. No. of star. Micrometer reading. Level. Remarks. Date. No. of star. Micrometer reading. Level. Remarks. N. s. N. S. 1872. Oct. i 7101 T. D. 27 34-5 15-0 39-0 1872. Oct. I 8279 T. D. ii 43.2 22.5 26.5 7114 5 45-5 . . 30" late. 8296 23 44-5 7.0 42.0 7I7-4 24 53-8 42.0 12. 8301 27 57-5 . 8338 13 69.6 . 7273 8 17-5 . . 7317 16 66.8 17.0 36.5 158 10 50.8 19-5 28.0 7336 26 00.9 39- o I6. 5 197 33 69.0 9.0 39-5 7337 25 89.0 198 9 25.0 7365 2 24.0 41.0 12. 255 14 12.2 25.0 23.0 7368 31 4-0 13-0 4I.O 264 22 17.4 8.0 40.0 7398 18 64.0 14.0 4O.O Oct. 3 6642 16 40.6 22.5 27-5 7402 17 31.2 50.0 5-0 6647 17 45-0 . . 6662 21 64.8 36.0 15.0 7453 6 24.2 . 7462 32 8.0 25.0 30.0 6722 i 99.9 27.0 25.0 7480 15 58.8 15.0 40.0 6754 23 1-5 34-0 18.0 6771 24 27.4 24.0 28.0 7555 II 73.8 35-0 20.5 7568 23 40-7 . , . 6940 29 83.8 31.0 23.0 6943 23 20. o 28.0 26.0 7602 ii 98.8 20. o 34 5 6976 3 41-5 7681 3i 57-9 19.0 38.0 7101 25 48.5 28.5 26.5 7721 33 24.0 . . 7174 22 56.8 35-0 20. o Doubtful. 7731 33 36.8 38.5 18.5 7746 5 42-2 3-0 54.0 7317 13 77-0 31.0 25.0 7336 23 20. o 7QI5 14 90.0 15.0 32.0 7337 23 13.0 32.0 23.5 7972 7978 7984 18 72.0 10 96.0 22 92.5 IO.O 10. 19.0 40.0 40.0 30.0 7398 7402 19 29.5 18 3-7 28.5 23.0 12. 18.0 7410 24 5-8 31.0 IO.O 8131 38 88.0. 19.0 30.0 7476 9 71.0 20. o 27.0 8153 8160 26 31.5 19 17.8 IO.O 20. o 39.0 29.0 7555 7568 ii 51.0 23 68.9 7-0 26.0 17.0 iS.o 8195 M 59-4 17.0 31.0 7602 23 33-3 25.0 18.0 8223 14 62.3 13.0 37-0 7681 14 69.0 22.5 21. 8237 20 15.5 7705 32 48.8 33 (15.) REDUCTION OF THE LATITUDE-OBSERVATIONS Continued. Observations for Latitude. Station, Cheyenne, Wyoming Territory. Date. No. of star. Micrometer reading. Level, Remarks. Date. >Jo of star. Micrometer reading. Level. Remarks. M. S. N. S. 1872. T. D. 1872. T. D. Oct. 3 7721 28 77.6 30.5 Ji-5 Oct. 8 6722 2 63.0 15-0 31-5 7731 28 98.0 6754 23 66.8 37-0 10. 7746 o 22.5 15-5 26.5 6771 24 89.5 i6iO 32.0 7858 31 32.6 t . 6777 20 93.0 26.0 20.5 7879 22 51 3i-5 12-5 6830 I? 67.5 24.0 23.0 7880 22 Ig.O 7906 3 15.0 22. 22. 6924 15 63-0 33-0 ii. 5 6940 30 14.5 16.5 29.0 7972 17 89.0 21. 23-5 6943 24 46.0 36.0 9-5 7978 10 42.8 21.5 23.0 Jo 8 late. 6976 3 75-8 16.5 29-5 7984 22 40.6 . . 7022 ii 83.0 13.0 32.5 8023 18 94.0 21.0 24.0 7041 24 15-5 35-5 IO.O 8037 17 57- S 30.0 14.0 7101 25 7i-o 26.0 21. 8131 30 35-5 21. 25.0 7114 3 69.0 . . 20" late. 8153 17 39-o 7174 22 73.0 32.5 16.0 8160 10 64.5 30.0 15.0 7198 I 8l.8 31-5 16.5 8195 I? o-5 25.O 20. 7213 30 95-5 23-5 25.0 15' late. 8223 16 61.0 25.0 2O. O 8237 22 14.7 . 7290 31 26.8 38.0 II. O 7317 13 10. o . 8279 13 66. o 22. 24.0 7336 22 52.2 . 4 . 8296 26 9.7 32.O 13.0 7337 22 42.O 20.5 30.0 8301 30 37-0 2O. O 26.0 8338 15 93-5 32.0 13.0 7410 25 25.0 28.5 23.0 8359 9 53-8 7476 9 90.5 28.5 25.5 68 6 16.3 34-0 13-5 7555 II 6O.O 33-0 20. o 98 16 67.4 18.0 2g.O 7568 23 71.0 25.5 27.5 IO2 40 94.0 Doubtful. . 7602 4 78.5 22. 31.0 116 17 49.8 7681 13 99-0 37-0 17.0 122 16 62.0 . 158 II 94.8 30.5 16.0 7721 27 59-8 23.5 29.0 I 9 8 10 25.0 23.0 24.0 7731 27 86.0 7746 - o 97.0 35-0 18.0 255 6 45-5 25.0 22.5 264 24 9L5 27.O 20. o 7758 30 21.5 32.0 21. 7879 21 2O. O 290 9 94.0 28.O 19.0 7880 21 52.5 . . 299 24 20. o 27.0 20.0 7906 2 8.0 30.0 21. 34 (15.) REDUCTION OF THE LATITUDE-OBSERVATIONS Continued, Observations for Latitude. Station, Cheyenne, Wyoming Territory. Date, No. of star. Micrometer reading. Level. Remarks. Date. No. of star. Micrometer reading. Level. Remarks. N. S. N. S. 1872. T. D. 1872. T. D. Oct. 8 7972 17 34-9 32.0 22.0 Oct. 8 572 25 8.6 19.0 35.o 7978 10 3.0 573 24 98.5 42.0 II. 7984 22 13.5 31.0 22. 588 I 11.3 44.0 9.0 611 14 36.0 15-0 38.0 8023 ig 2.O 30.0 23.0 8037 17 76.0 31-0 23.0 20" late. 657 10 36.8 15.0 38.0 696 10 21.5 40.5 12. 8131 2g 71.0 21. 34-5 8153 16 79.0 36.O 19.0 Oct. 9 6646 16 50.4 26.5 25.0 8160 10 4.0 23.0 32.0 6647 17 57-0 6662 21 92.0 23-5 28.0 8195 '7 59-5 38.0 17.0 8223 17 6.0 25.O 30.0 6722 3 23-5 26.0 25.0 8237 22 63.8 6754 24 19.8 29.0 23.0 6771 25 50.5 31.0 21. 8279 12 13.5 35-0 21. 8296 24 63. 8 32-5 23.0 6924 15 42-5 20. o 33-0 8301 2& 89.7 34-0 20.5 6940 29 91.0 35-0 18.0 8338 14 46.0 29.0 27- C 6943 24 24.0 33-5 30.0 8359 8 8.5 6976 3 50.5 35-0 18.0 68 5 70.5 27-5 23.0 7022 35-7 32.0 19.0 98 16 18.0 26.5 24-5 7041 23 73-5 23.5 29.0 116 16 96.5 t , 122 15 10.0 7101 25 98.5 7114 43 4i-o 27.0 27.0 Doubtful. 158 20 8.0 26.0 24.0 7174 23 6.0 38.0 16.0 198 18 39.0 28.0 23.0 7198 i JO. 5 28.0 25.0 7213 36 3f-5 30.5 23.0 255 13 5i-5 35-0 17.0 264 21 93-5 14.0 37-o 7253 28 48.0 7259 28 47.0 30.0 23.0 Very faint. 290 10 70.0 32.5 20. o 30" late. . 7290 24 36.0 299 24 91.2 27.0 24-5 7320 17 42.8 33-5 21. 7336 15 58.0 341 15 35.o 25.0 26.0 7337 15 52.0 379 22 2O.5 27.0 24.0 7453 5 57-0 25.0 3O.O 394 5 21.0 39-o 12. 7462 3i 43-o 431 23 34.0 zo.o 32.0 7480 20 93.5 33-o 22. 502 6 75.0 29.0 23.0 7555 II 24.5 31.0 24.0 510 27 18.0 26.0 26.5 7568 23 37-3 34-0 2IO. 35 (15.) REDUCTION OF THE LATITUDE-OBSERVATIONS Continued. Observations for Latitude. Station, Cheyenne, Wyoming Territory. Date. No. of star. Micrometer reading. Level. Remarks. Date. No. of star. Micrometer reading. Level. Remarks. N. S. N. S. 1872. T. D. 1872. T. D. Oct. g 7602 4 17-0 iS.o 38.0 Oct. 9 394 6 41-5 37-0 20. o 7681 J3 52.0 39-5 15-5 427 20 43.4 . 7705 25 13.0 37-0 19.0 Doubtful. 431 24 59-0 24.0 34-5 7721 28 16.2 12. 42.0 444 10 94.5 36.0 23.0 7731 28 40.5 453 21 72.0 24.0 33-5 7746 I 69.0 50.0 4-5 502 II 83.4 23.5 33-0 7858 3 55.0 23.O 34-5 510 25 7.0 4J.o 17.0 2O 8 late. 7879 21 57.5 . 7880 21 83. o 572 25 7.8 . . 7906 2 50.0 38.0 17.0 573 24 97.0 36.0 23.0 588 I 13-3 24.0 34-5 7972 17 16.5 38.5 19.0 611 M 27.5 . 7978 9 97.5 . 7984 21 80.5 26.O 30.5 I0 8 late. Oct. 10 6497 II 68.5 24.0 24.0 8023 19 34.0 30.0 25.5 6579 ( 18 50.2 ( 18 40.8 30.0 32.0 20.01 2O.o! Double star ; doubtful. 8037 18 3.0 38.0 19.0 6626 34 9 T -5 24.0 24.0 8131 29 86.5 13.0 45-0 6642 17 27.2 . . 8153 16 71.5 50.0 8.0 6647 18 36.0 15.0 38.0 8160 10 0.5 13.0 45-0 6662 22 56.0 42.0 IO.O 8195 8223 8237 16 70.0 16 27.0 21 84.0 18.5 38.0 37-0 19.0 6722 6/54 6771 4 69.0 25 68.0 26 95.0 26.0 36.0 28.0 19.0 8279 10 96.0 42.0 16.0 8296 8301 23 50.0 27 67.5 22. 36.0 30" late. 6777 6830 20 55.0 17 17.8 4-5 50.0 8338 13 21.7 46.0 12. 8359 6 70.0 22. 36.0 6924 15 18.0 22. 34-o 68 9 24.0 38.0 21. 6940 29 61.5 39-o 17.0 q8 19 86. o 30.O 28.0 6943 24 n. o 39-0 17.0 116 20 54.9 6976 3 29.5 22.0 34-5 158 79 24.7 39.0 18.0 198 17 46.8 27.0 31.0 7022 13 60.0 26.O 30.0 7041 25 82.0 36-5 20. o 255 13 6.5 37-0 22. 264 21 65.0 35-5 23.0 7101 27 23.3 26.O 30.0 341 15 29.0 30.0 28.0 7114 5 33-5 . . . 379 22 8.0 33-0 25.0 71/4 24 38.0 36.0 21-5 36 (15.) REDUCTION OF THE LATITUDE-OBSERVATIONS Continued. * Observations for Latitude. Station, Cheyenne, Wyoming Territory. Date. No. of star. Micrometer reading. Level. Remarks. Date. No. of star. Micrometer reading. Level. Remarks, N. S. N. S. 1872. T. D. 1872. T. D. Oct. 10 7253 27 88.8 Oct. 10 158 19 7O.O 18,0 39-0 7259 28 4.0 26.0 31-5 198 17 97-5 42.0 16.0 7273 2 I6.O 7290 2-1 85.7 . . 255 15 34-0 26.0 31.5 7320 17 91.0 . . 264 23 97.0 39-0 iS.o 7336 16 12.5 290 10 97.8 30.0 26.5 7337 16 3.0 38.0 20. o 299 25 27.7 37-0 19.0 7453 6 23.2 23.0 36.0 34i 16 20. o 37-0 19.0 7462 32 12.3 . . . 379 22 92.0 24-5 32.5 7469 13 49- 45-0 13-5 394 8 24.0 27-5 29.0 7480 15 8.3 42.0 17.0 427 22 26.9 33-0 23.0 7555 12 48.5 46.0 12.5 431 26 38.5 7568 24 66.5 444 II 38.0 37.0 20. o 20 s late. 7569 26 SO.2 20.5 38.0 453 22 10.5 23.0 34.0 15' late. 7602 4 8r.o 3'-5 27-5 502 6 21.5 30.0 27.0 7681 13 96.5 38.0 21.5 51 26 Gi.o 32.0 26.0 15" late. 7858 31 53-0 26.0 36.0 572 25 94.2 . . 7879 22 85.0 573 25 81.0 II. 47.0 7880 22 53-5 588 I 98.0 7906 3 4i-o 46.0 16.0 611 15 15-0 48.0 IO.O 7972 18 57.0 32.5 30.0 Oct. 1 1 6491 12 31.5 30.0 15.0 7978 it 25.0 6579 19 4.0 25.0 20. 7984 23 24.0 33-o 29.0 6626 35 63-0 . . 8023 19 50.0 49.0 13.0 6642 16 51.5 35-0 13.0 8037 18 24.0 21. 41.0 6662 21 71.8 22. 25.5 8131 29 95.0 15.0 48.5 6722 4 59-o 29.0 22.0 8153 16 91.0 5LO 12.0' 6754 25 87.0 17.0 34-0 8160 10 31.0 21.0 42.0 6771 26 91.7 8279 12 87.3 29-5 28.0 6777 23 22. O 16.0 35-0 8296 25 42.5 6830 20 4.4 30.5 20. o 8301 29 66.5 37-5 20. o 8338 15 17.0 28.0 30.0 6924 15 40.0 21. 32.0 8359 8 77.0 37-5 20. o 6940 29 68. o 25.0 27.5 6943 24 6.0 22. 31.0 68 10 47.0 27.O 31.5 6976 3 51-5 25.O 27.5 98 116 20 97.0 21 74.4 37-0 21 .O 6983 27 61.0 34-0 17.0 (30" late; doubt- ( ful. 122 20 89.5 6998 7 58.6 9-5 42.0 Doubtful. 37 (15.) REDUCTION OF THE LATITUDE-OBSERVATIONS Continued. Observations for Latitude Station, Cheyenne, Wyoming Territory, Date. No. of star. Vlicromctcr reading. Level. Remarks. Date. No. of star. Vlicrometer reading. Level. Remarks. N. s. N. S. 1872. T. D. 1872. T. D. Oct. ii 7022 12 4.0 16.0 34.5 Oct. ii 8279 12 62.0 37-0 23.0 7041 24 43.0 32.0 19.5 8296 24 95-5 15.0 45-0 8301 29 10. o 35-0 25.0 8338 14 95.0 15.0 45-0 7101 27 51-8 8359 8 55.0 . 7114 5 60.5 22.5 30.0 7174 24 82.3 25.0 28.0 68 9 93-0 39-o 21.0 7198 o 81.5 20.0 33-5 98 116 2O 20.0 2O 96.6 13-0 48.0 7213 35 92.0 3I.O 22.0 122 2O 12.0 7253 28 1.5 158 19 95-0 25.0 35-5 7259 28 6.0 198 18 31.0 32.0 29.0 7290 23 86.8 7320 16 73.0 20.0 35-5 7336 15 98.0 , . 255 14 49.5 38.0 23.5 7337 15 87.0 264 22 88.2 19.0 42.O 7453 7 33-0 33-0 23.0 290 II 38.8 32.0 28.5 7462 33 18.9 14.0 43-0 299 25 45-5 23.0 35-0 7469 14 84.0 I4.O 43-0 7480 16 41.6 38.0 18.0 341 15 92.0 17.0 44-0 379 22 95.0 34-5 26.0 7555 12 32.0 42.O 14.0 7568 24 20.6 394 7 21.0 -50.0 IO.O 7569 26 5.0 7.0 49.0 427 20 93.0 3-0 57.o 431 25 5-0 . 7602 14 44.0 24.O 32.0 7681 23 77-8 26.O 31.0 444 12 6.O 39.0 22. 30" late. 7705 2 94.0 29.0 28.0 453 22 46.0 IO.O 51.0 15' late. 7731 33 25.2 I8. 5 38.0 502 6 99.5 22. 39-0 7746 4 67-9 3I.O 26.0 510 27 45-5 34-0 27-5 15' late. 7972 18 5-5 28.5 30.0 7978 10 53-5 25.O 33-0 572 26 86.0 24.0 38.5 7984 22 61.3 . 573 26 80.0 588 3 7-o 3O.O 32.0 8023 19 99.8 3I.O 27.0 611 16 28.6 8037 IS 51.5 22. 36.0 Oct. 12 6491 ii 98.5 38.0 15.0 8131 29 68. o 23.O 37-0 6579 18 84.0 12. 42.0 8153 16 89.3 28.0 31-5 6626 35 39.0 15.0 41.0 8160 10 2.O 25.0 35-0 8195 17 27.5 30.0 30.0 6642 15 54.0 37-0 19.0 8223 16 91.8 27.O 34-0 6647 16 57.0 8237 22 48.8 . . . . 6662 20 97.0 14.0 42.0 i 38 (15.) REDUCTION OF THE LATITUDE-OBSERVATIONS Continued. Observations for Latitude. Station, Cheyenne, Wyoming Territory. Level. Level Date. No. of star. Micrometer reading. Remarks. Date. No. of star. Micrometer reading. Remarks. N. S. N. S. 1872. T. D. 1872. T. D. Oct. 12 6722 4 56.3 30.0 28.0 Oct. 12 7858 30 10.0 29.0 36.0 6754 25 88.5 19.0 39-0 7879 22 41.2 . 6771 26 91.0 31.0 27.0 7880 22 6.2 7906 3 16.0 33-0 33-0 6777 21 86.3 36.0 22.0 6830 18 77.8 16.0 42.O 7972 17 77.0 . . For level take 7973 10 28.0 . . . . the mean of 6924 15 12-5 37-5 21-5 7984 22 30.O . . preceding and 6940 29 37.0 16.0 44.0 following. 6943 23 12.2 42.0 I8. 5 8023 20 15.5 30.0 iS.o 6976 3 14.0 16.0 44.0 8037 is 71-5 13-5 34-5 6983 29 58.8 21. 39-5 30" late. 8131 29 81.5 31.0 19.0 6998 9 67.0 36.0 25.0 8153 16 96.5 16.0 33-5 8160 10 12.5 29.5 19.5 7022 II 56.0 28.0 32.0 7041 24 9.0 23.0 38.0 8195 17 25.0 30.0 19.0 8223 16 88.3 15.5 34-0 7101 25 39-5 . . 8237 22 48.0 . 7H4 3 53-5 25.0 37-0 7174 22 69.5 34-0 29.0 8279 12 77.0 22.5 26.5 8296 25 13-5 . 7198 I 63.8 22.5 39-5 8301 29 30.5 23.0 26.0 7213 36 65.0 35-0 27.0 8338 14 99-5 23-5 26.5 8359 8 62.0 23.0 26.0 7253 33 67.8 . . 7259 33 86.0 38.0 24.0 158 20 7.8 3L5 19.0 7273 2 97-0 . 198 18 53-5 12.5 38.0 7290 29 67.2 255 14 6.5 29.0 23.0 7320 22 47.0 . 18.5 44-5 264 22 32.5 17.5 33-5 7336 20 70.5 7337 2O 58.0 290 II 61.5 26.5 23.0 299 25 6g.O 20. o 29.0 7453 5 88.4 24.0 41.0 7462 3i 72.7 . . 34i 14 97.0 23.0 27.0 7469 J3 30.5 34-0 31.0 379 21 90.5 21. 30.0 7480 14 95.6 394 7 96.0 26.5 23-5 427 21 75-5 7555 12 2O. O 32.5 32.5 431 25 84.0 13.0 37-0 7568 24 13-5 . . 7569 25 98.0 25.0 40.0 444 ii 71.0 25.0 25-0 453 22 29.5 ig.O 31.0 7602 13 79.0 29.0 35-5 502 6 74.0 17.0 34-0 7681 22 28.5 30.5 36.0 51 27 17.0 36.0 15.0 7705 2 34-5 . 572 26 10.0 ig.O 32.0 7721 33 . 4 . 573 25 95.5 . 7731 33 27.3 38.5 27.0 588 2 28.O 25.0 26.0 7746 4 64.0 27.0 39-o 611 15 45-5 39 (15.) REDUCTION OF THE LATITUDE-OBSERVATIONS' Continued. Computations for Latitude of Cheyenne, Wyoming Territory. Date. Number of pair. Half-sum of dec- linations. Corrections. Latitude. Mic. and ref. Level. Meridian. 1872. / // /, 1 U Oct. i 13 40 57 50-5 + 9 53-10 + 1.65 o.oo 41 7 45-3 12 41 9 12.3 i 27.24 + 1.65 o.oo 46.6 I? 16 57.6 - 9 14.28 + o 83 o.oo 44.1 2O 12 2Q.8 4 46, 63 + 0.82 o.oo 44-o 21 22 38.5 - 14 55-10 -t- 0.28 o.oo 43-7 22 8 20.7 o 41.27 + 5.20 o.oo 44-6 25 16 28.2 - 8 32.57 - 8.25 o.oo 47-4 24 3 5-3 + 4 50.47 - 8.25 o.oo 47-5 26 14 o. i 6 .67 - 8.80 o.oo 48.6 3' 22 35.8 - 14 42.54 8.50 o.oo 44.8 30 22 31.1 - 14 35,77 - 8.50 o.oo 46.7 35 6 0.8 + i 58.72 12.92 o.oo 46.6 36 3 55-5 + 4 1.18 11.22 o.oo 45-5 37 10 7.8 2 10.69 II. 2O o.oo 45.9 39 14 27.6 6 30.52 I I . OO o.oo 46.1 40 4 J5-3 + 3 41-82 10.50 o.oo 46.6 41 7 56.2 +o 0.90 - 10.45 o.oo 46.6 42 5 3-5 + 2 52.84 10.40 o.oo 45-9 43 14 10. o - 6 13.36 10.70 o.oo 45-9 45 15 10.4 - 7 11.36 11.70 o.oo 47-3 46 13 8.4 5 9-62 10.70 o.oo 48.1 48 13 32-6 - 5 34-22 10.70 o.oo 47-7 49 13 5-3 - 5 5-n 10.70 o.oo 49-5 50 55 58.3 + 12 0.50 10.70 o.oo 48.1 51 8 36.5 o 39.10 10.70 o.oo 46.7 52 12 5.4 4 10.26 - 8.25 o.oo 46.8 Oct. 3 3 41 5 o.o + 2 42.92 + 4-40 o.oo 4i 7 47-3 4 5 33-2 + 2 10.47 + 4-40 0.00 48.1 5 40 56 49-8 + 10 53.18 + 4-95 o.oo 47-9 6 41 8 22. O - o 39.13 + 4.00 o.oo 46.9 9 21 22.7 - 13 4L23 + 2.80 o.oo 44-3 9 18 28.3 10 46.02 + 2.80 o.oo 45-1 12 9 12.5 I 30.66 + 2.OO + O.IO 43-9 I? 12 34.2 - 4 '53.o8 + 3.98 o.oo 45.1 *) 12 30.0 4 50.91 + 3.98 0.00 43-1 22 8 21.0 o 39.10 + 5.91 o.oo 47-8 23 15 40.9 7 57-04 + 3.85 o.oo 47-7 26 14 0.4 6 18.52 + 4-95 o.oo 46.8 28 12 13.3 4 28.62 + 2.33 o.oo 47-0 31 22 36.3 - M 53.71 + 2.20 o.oo 44-8 31 22 30.8 - 14 47.36 + 2. 2O o.oo 45-6 32 22 15.0 - M 35-71 + 5.20 o.oo 44-5 40 (15.) REDUCTION OF THE LATITUDE-OBSERVATIONS Continued. Computations for Latitude of Cheyenne, Wyoming Territory. Date. Number of pair. Hall-sum of dec- linations. Corrections. Latitude. Mic. and ref. Level. Meridian. 1872. i a . // / II Oct. 3 33 41 17 45-9 10 1.71 + 5-20 o.oo 41 7 49-4 34 17 33-5 9 51.76 + 5.50 o.oo 47.2 36 3 55-9 + 3 51-91 I.IO o.oo 46.7 37 10 8.4 2 20.36 I.IO o.oo 46.9 38 7 0.3 + o 42.33 + 3.57 o.oo 46.2 39 14 28.0 - 6 42.95 + 3.10 o.oo 48.2 40 4 15-7 + 3 29.63 + 2.OO o.oo 47.3 41 7 56.6 o 12.28 + 2.75 o.oo 47-1 42 5 3-9 + 2 39.81 + 2.70 o.oo 46.4 43 14 10.4 - 6 26.54 + 4.67 o.oo 48.6 44 15 10.8 - 7 28.64 + 3-57 o.oo 45.7 45 18 28.8 10 47.46 + 3-6o o.oo 44.9 46 13 g.o 5 26.68 + 2.60 o.oo 44.9 47 25 45-9 18 0.87 + 2.60 o.oo 47-6 48 13 33-1 5 52.29 + 2.60 o.oo 43.4 49 13 5-8 5 25.00 + 2.60 o.oo 43-4 5 8 37.0 - o 52.77 + 3-71 o.oo 47-9 52 12 5.8 - 4 22.94 + 2.60 o.oo 45-5 53 15 4-4 7 23.20 + 4-40 o.oo 45-6 Oct. 8 5 40 56 49.9 + to 53.86 + 2.88 o.oo 41 7 46.6 6 41 8 22.2 o 38.13 + 3-6o o.oo 47-7 7 9 26,4 - i 41.17 + 1.78 o.oo 47-0 8 15 12.7 - 7 3i.i3 + 2.47 o.oo 44.0 9 18 28.6 - 10 43.42 + 3.71 o.oo 48.9 II I 22.3 + 6 23.06 + 1.65 o.oo 47-0 12 9 13.0 i 32.62 + 5-91 o.oo 46.3 13 40 57 51-3 + 9 5L76 + 6. 20 o.oo 49-3 17 41 3 II- 1 + 4 31-83 + 4.80 o.oo 47-7 20 12 30.7 4 49.67 + 4.80 o.oo 45-8 23 15 41-6 - 7 56.92 + 2.30 o.oo 47-0 26 14 1.2 6 16.38 + 3-00 o.oo 47-8 30 22 36.3 14 56.04 + 3-30 o.oo 43-6 3' 22 31.6 14 47.90 + 3-30 o.oo 47.0 33 17 34-5 - 9 54-25 + 5.50 o.oo 45-8 34 17 46.9 - 10 4.35 + 5-3 o.oo 47-9 36 3 56.5 + 3 47-47 + 5-30 o.oo 49-3 37 10 9.5 - 2 28.75 + 5.20 o.oo 46.0 33 7 1.2 + o 39.16 + 4.10 o.oo 44-5 39 14 29.1 - 6 41-55 + I.OO o.oo 48.5 40 4 16.9 + 3 29.79 - 0.33 o.oo 46.4 4' 7 57-8 o 16.63 + 4.40 o.oo 45-6 42 5 5-1 + 2 36.74 + 4.40 o.oo 46.2 41 (15.) REDUCTION OF THE LATITUDE-OBSERVATIONS Continued. Computations for Latitude of Cheyenne, Wyoming Territory. Date. Number of pair. Half-sum of dec- linations. Corrections. Latitude. Mic. and ref. Level. Meridian. 1872. , i a Of // Oct. 8 43 41 14 11.5 f> 30.15 + 6.50 o. oo 41 7 47-8 44 14 42.0 7 59.49 + 3-90 0.00 46.4 45 18 30.0 - 10 46.53 + 3-10 o.oo 46.6 46 13 IO.2 - 5 25.56 + 1. 80 o.oo 46.4 4 3 13 34-4 - 5 49.96 H- 1. 80 o.oo 46.2 49 13 7-' - 5 23.10 + 1.89 0.00 45-8 5' 8 38.2 o 52.52 + 2.OO o.oo 47-7 52 12 7-0 4 21.69 - 1-37 o.oo 43-9 53 '5 5-2 7 21.71 + 4.10 4- o. to 47-7 54 4 13.3 + 3 33-05 + 0.55 o.oo 46.9 55 17 7.6 - 9 23.48 + 4-10 o.oo 48.2 53 57 3 +10 34.96 4- 1.50 o.oo 47.8 59 20 5.7 12 25.O8 + 5.20 0.00 45-8 60 13 17.8 5 30.22 4- 2. 2O o.oo 49.8 61 7 50.3 - o 4.75 4- 1.50 o.oo 47-1 Oct. 9 4 41 5 33-3 + 2 15.20 O.gO o.oo 41 7 47-6 5 ' 40 56 49.9 4- " 5L53 4- 2.10 o.oo 43-5 6 41 8 22.2 o 40 . 62 4- 5.50 o.oo 47.1 * 8 5 12.8 - 7 30.19 + I . IO o.oo 43-7 1 9 18 28.7 j - 10 44.44 4- 2.90 o.oo 47-2 II I 22.4 4- 6 24.71 4 2.IO o.oo 49-2 14 25 58.0 - 'S M.33 4- 2.80 o.oo 46.5 15 2 1.3 + 5 43-50 + 5.50 o.oo 50.3 16 I 55-2 4 5 43-18 ' 4- 5-50 o.oo 43-9 >9 3 7-2 + 4 34-75 4- 5 53 40 57 51.7 + 9 55-49 2.OO o.oo 45-2 14 41 25 58.3 18 8.17 - 2.47 o.oo 47.6 '5 2 1.6 + 5 4S.34 - 3-30 o.oo 46.6 16 I 57-5 + 5 54-00 - 3-30 o.oo 48.2 17 16 58.9 9 i i . 20 - 3-30 0.00 44-4 19 3 7-4 + 4 42-58 3-3 o.oo 46.7 24 3 6-9 + 4 41-96 3.80 o.oo 45-1 26 14 1.8 6 10.94 4.40 o.oo 46.5 28 12 14.9 4 24 . 02 - 3-30 o.oo 47-6 30 22 33.2 14 44.97 O.IO o.oo 48.1 31 22 37.9 14 49-91 O.IO o.oo 47-9 32 22 16.6 - M 28.39 1.90 0.00 46.3 33 17 47.6 - 9 58.35 2.OO o.oo 47-2 34 17 35-2 - 9 47-47 2.OO o.oo 45-7 36 3 57-8 + 3 52.79 2. 2O o.oo 48.4 37 10 10.2 2 2O.79 2. 2O o.oo 47-2 38 7 2.0 + o 44.75 2.47 o.oo 44-3 39 14 2Q.g - 6 39-38 1.50 o.oo 49.0 40 4 17-6 + 3 32.59 2.20 o.oo 48.0 4' 7 58.8 o 11.41 2. IO o.oo 45-3 42 5 6.0 + 2 42.55 2. IO 0.00 46.5 43 U 12-5 6 24.30 - i. go o.oo 46-3 44 15 12.9 7 24.75 1.70 o.oo 46.4 45 18 30.9 10 42.89 - 1.70 o.oo 46.3 50 9 39- 2 o 47.96 - 3-57 o.oo 47-7 52 12 7.9 4 16-72 - 2.75 o.oo 48.4 53 15 6.0 - 7 17-45 - 1-54 o.oo 47-0 54 4 '3-4 + 3 35-54 - 3-57 o.oo 45-4 55 15 0.2 - 7 7-77 5.80 o.oo 45-6 56 17 8.4 - 9 '5-73 - 5-77 o.oo 46.9 57 13 18.0 5 28.98 - 3-30 o.oo 45-7 58 40 57 1 1. 8 + 10 34.96 + I. 10 o.oo 47-9 60 41 20 10.8 12 20.33 - 3-85 o.oo 46.6 45 OBSERVATIONS FOR LATITUDE, CHEYENNE, WYOMING TERRITORY. Recapitulation. For October i, 1872, 26 pairs give 41 7 46.377 3, 35 " 46.277 8, 38 47-105 9, 35 46.531 10, 38 46.371 " n, 41 " 46.656 " 12, 44 " 46.902 Latitude, north, 41 7 46.62 Giving the first series half-weight on account of the smaller number of the observa- tions and the less favorable condition of that night's work, the resulting latitude, and the one adopted for this station, is, 41 7' 46". 62, with a probable error of o".o8. The latitudes were originally computed by Professor William A. Rogers, of Cambridge, Mass., and revised by Dr. F. Kampf. (16.) RESULTING ASTRONOMICAL CO-ORDINATES. Taking the longitude of the Salt Lake observatory to be 2 b 19 2 2". 74 west of Washington by determination of the United States Coast Survey, and Washington to be 5 h 8 m 1 2 s . 1 2 west of Greenwich according to the report of Rear- Admiral B. F. Sands, Superintendent of the United States Naval Observatory, October 6, 1871, Cheyenne is in longitude west from Washington, in time, i h 51 3*.3O ; in arc, 27 45' 49".5o; in longitude west from Greenwich, in time, 6 h 59 I5 8 42; in arc, 104 48' 5i".3o; in latitude, north, 41 7' 46".62o".o8. This final result for longitude is subject, as already stated, to a correction for the personal equation of the observers. It is possible, also, that the longitude of Salt Lake may be changed when the observations made last October at Detroit and Ogden by the United States Lake Survey and your expedition respectively are computed. In such an event, of course the longitude of Cheyenne will be correspondingly affected. Respectfully, yours, JOHN H. CLARK. Lieut. GEO. M. WHEELER, Corps of Engineers, in charge. R E PORT ON ASTRONOMICAL OPERATIONS, CONDUCTED DIJlilXO THE FIELD-SEASON OF 1873, THE MAIN OR PRIMARY FIELD-STATION, COLORADO SPRINGS, COLORADO TERRITORY, AND DEDUCTION OF RESULTS. BV Dr. F. KAMPF, CIVILIAN ASTRONOMICAL ASSISTANT. U. S. ENGINEER OFFICE, GEOGRAPHICAL AND GEOLOGICAL EXPLORATIONS AND SURVEYS WEST or IOOTH MERIDIAN, Washington, D. C., January i, 1874. SIR: There is presented herewith a report upon the astronomical observations taken by myself, and the party under my charge, at Colorado Springs, Colorado Territory, during the field-season of 1873. GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION OF STATION. Longitude = 104 49' 15". 10. Latitude 38 49' 4i".67. Colorado Springs is a town in El Paso County, Colorado Territory. It has been built up within five years, and has nearly fifteen hundred inhabitants, and the place promises to become one of considerable importance. During the summer-months the hotels (of which there are quite a large number) are filled with invalids, who flock here on account of the beautiful scenery and the salubrity of the climate. The track of the Denver and Rio Grande Railway passes around the town at a distance from the town-limits of about four thousand feet. The astronomical point is situated between the town and the railroad, about six hundred and fifty feet distant from the latter, on a slight eminence near the freight- depot of the Denver and Rio Grande Railroad. The observations were conducted on a pier built of bricks, which was replaced two months later by a solid sandstone monument, furnished by Mr. S. G. Ward, of Pueblo. PHYSICAL-GEOGRAPHY DETAILS. This part of Colorado is not well watered, but the land where irrigated yields almost in every instance splendid harvests. From the astronomical point there is a clear outlook to the north, south, and east. Looking west, prominent peaks and foot-hills of the Rocky Mountain range are seen running north and south ; Pike's Peak, immediately west, being the highest, and Chey- enne Mountain the highest in the south-southwest. At the foot of Cheyenne Mount- ain there is a creek, the waters of which are brought, by means of ditches, to Colorado Springs. From the station the plains rise a little to the east, at the horizon say one hundred and fifty feet. In the southeast there is a hill about four hundred feet high, called Washington Mountain. Colorado Springs is laid out regularly, the streets running east and west and north and south ; the greatest extension is from north to south. Generally speaking, it is inadvisable to have the astronomical station near the railroad-track; but in this case the trains ran only during the day, and the observations were never affected by the vibrations of the ground. 7 50 METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS. The meteorological observations made at the station show great changes in temperature during the day. I have been told by several old residents that they never experienced a summer similar to that of 1873. The rainy period of the summer is looked for about the ist of July, to last only a few days. This year it was noted that from July 28th to August gth there was no day without rain, accompanied by thunder and lightning. The prevailing winds were from the northeast or southeast, commencing at 10 or 1 1 o'clock a. m., and increasing in force until 2 or 3 o'clock p. m. Then clouds came up from the southwest or west, bringing much rain, thunder, and lightning. It was generally clear again by 1 2 p. m.; but I found the air so very undu- lating, and the stars on that account so faint, that I was sometimes obliged to suspend the observations. It is probable that the temperature of the higher regions of the air was affected by the vicinity of the mountains, and after a rain changed very rapidly, while the lower strata remained under the same conditions. The following table shows the general direction of the wind at 7 a. m., 2 p. m., and 9 p. m., giving the mean or prevailing direction of the wind for three hours before and three hours after the given time ; also the estimated force of wind for the same time. The last column gives the general appearance of the sky, and needs no further explanation. It shows under what particularly unfavorable circumstances the obser- vations were made: Date. Direction of wind. Estimated force. Remarks. 7a.m. 2 p.m. gp.m. 7a.m. 2 p.m. 9 p.m. 1873- July 28 S. NE. 2 i Cloudy during the day ; clear after 12 p. m. 29 o E. SE. o 2 2 Clear ; heavy dew in the night. 3 N. SW. NW. I 3 2 Heavy wind and rain in the afternoon. 3' N. SE. N. I i I Rain from the west at 3 p. m. August I N. NE. NW. 2 4 3 Heavy shower in the afternoon ; storm from northeast at 9 p. m. 2 o NE. S. O 5 3 Heavy rain, with thunder and lightning, at 3 p. m. 3 S. NE. SE. 2 3 2 Cloudy all day. 4 o SE. N. 3 I Cloudy all day; rain in the afternoon. 5 o SE. NW. O 2 I Clear in the morning, cloudy in the afternoon. 6 NW. NW. S. I 2 I Cloudy all day ; rain in the afternoon. 7 o SE. NW. 2 I Cloudy all day ; storming from the northwest at 12 m. 8 N. N. SE. I 4 4 Cloudy all day. 9 NW. SE. SE. I 2 I Cloudy all day; rain at 9.13 p. m. 10 NE. I Clear. DESCRIPTION OF OBSERVATORY AT COLORADO SPRINGS, COLORADO TERRITORY. As soon as the monument was built, a solid framework, 8 by 10 feet, was con- structed, and a large wall-tent put over it. There was an opening in the tent for the meridian-line ; this was closed, when necessary, by a fly. During heavy winds the 51 tent \v;is in danger of being blown away, ami it was found necessary to nail the fly to the framework, while the tent itself was fastened to the stakes by strong iron wires. The entrance to the tent was from the west side, and was closed by ropes. In the northwest corner of the observatory a, large box was used for a table. On it the switch- board and galvanic battery were placed; the chronometer being also placed there during the observations. The connection from the switch-board to the Western Union Tele- graph office was made by a line 600 feet in length, supported by the framework of the tent and one telegraph-post 30 feet in height. A ground-wire was used after switching in the \Vesiern Union office to complete the circuit. In the northeast corner of the tent the chronograph was placed upon a solid and insulated framework. Wires for the connection of the chronometer and breaking-key were fastened to the tent-frame. The levels were also set on an insulated post in the southeast corner of the tent. For chairs I used two small boxes, one on the north and the other on the south side of the monument. In arranging and constructing the observing-tent 1 was assisted by C. D. Gedney and Privates J. Meier and J. ( 'lancy, Battalion of Engineers. They also took the meteorological observations. Mr. G. T. Ellison, at that time in charge of the Western Union office, kindly assisted in sending the telegraphic signals. DESCRIPTION OF INSTRUMENTS USED. Observations were made by means of a, combined transit-instrument number 28, made by Wiirdemann. Its focal length is three feet; radius of aperture, 2f inches; diameter of pivots, i^ inches. The diagonal eye-piece used had a magnifying-power of 40 diameters. This instrument was provided with two finding-circles, 3^ inches in diameter, graduated to every twenty minutes, and reading to single minutes by means of the vernier. Another circle was affixed to the upper part of the tube, divided also also to twenty minutes, and having in the center a level used in latitude-observations for determining the change in the inclination of the horizontal revolving-base. Seven wires were placed in the focus for time-observations, besides one horizontal wire for latitude-observations. The equatorial intervals of the wires from mean of wires, damp west, upper culmination, were: I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. s. s. s. s. s. s. s. + 16.86 + 12.75 + 4-59 + 0.17 4.24 - 12.77 - 17-35 One revolution of the micrometer-screw moved the horizon tal-wire 6 2 ".12; the the value of one division of the striding-level, which was used at every station, was o".75; the value of one division of the zenith-telescope level was i".io. The chrono- graph used was similar to that used at the United States Naval Observatory invented by Professor William Harkness; the barrel being 8 inches in diameter and 24 inches long, and makes one revolution a minute. The chronograph worked very well when it was cleaned before commencing operations at a new station. It had but a single pen, which recorded clock-signals and those made by the observer. 52 For time-observations and exchange, sidereal chronometer No. 1491, Negus, always used. The galvanic connections were made by means of a switch-board, the connections of which are given in the following diagram: Owonoqraph, JSreaJc Circuit SWITCH i. Closed when receiving from connected station ; Nos. 2 and 3 open. SWITCH 2. Closed when sending to connected station ; Nos. i and 3 open. SWITCH 3. Local ; throws sounder into local circuit. 53 POINTS WITH WHICH CONNECTIONS WERE MADE, &c. Connection was made with Salt Lake City on the nights of July 2gth and joth, and August 2d, 5th, and 6th. Observations for time were made at Colorado Springs on the nights of July 28th, 29th, 3oth, and 3ist, and August 2d, 4th, 5th, and 6th; at Salt Lake on the nights of July 28th, 29th, 3oth, and 3ist, and August ist, 2d, 5th, and 6th. The reductions of time-observations for Colorado Springs were made in the field by the astronomer, and also those made at Salt Lake after returning from the field. He also made a new reading of the signals sent and received from both stations. The telegraph-line between Colorado Springs and Salt Lake is 763 miles long, and divided into four circuits. The signals are transmitted from one circuit to another by means of automatic repeaters : one placed at Denver, Colorado Territory; one at Cheyenne, Wyoming Territory; and one at Corinne, Utah: the length of the line being from Colorado Springs to Denver, 75 miles; from Denver to Cheyenne, 106 miles; from Cheyenne to Corinne, 537 miles; and from Corinne to Salt Lake, 45 miles; using at every station sixty-five Grove cells. The use of the wires was always freely tendered by the Western Union Tele- graph Company, although in many cases they were needed at the same time for the transaction of the regular business of the company. It sometimes occurs when two lines of wires are fixed to the same poles that, during heavy storms, the wires are brought in contact by oscillation, which was over- come in this case by connecting the two wires at an intermediate station, Denver, Colorado, upon the suggestion of Mr. Woodward, the superintendent at that point. 54 Tabulation, of Stars used for Determination of Time at Colorado Springs, Colorado, and Salt Lake City, Utah. Colorado Springs. S-.Ut Lake City. Name of star. Mean Sight Ascension, 1873.0. Declination. July- August July August 28 29 30 31 2 4 5 6 28 29 30 31 I 2 5 6 f Ursae Minoris . . . h. m. s. 15 48 38.49 52 19-90 58 3-26 16 5 58.86 7 4I-48 15 55-32 22 16.58 28 14.52 30 10.03 38 32-55 43 '5-97 51 39-41 56 54.91 59 3.66 17 8 51.41 18 36.92 22 45.42 27 33.78 29 2.35 37 41-83 41 29.32 18 i 19.72 6 10.10 14 44.25 21 57-51 28 17.70 32 38.31 40 23.95 40 25.83 45 23.45 47 23.39 50 27.42 59 34-30 19 2 12.61 :o 12. 18 12 31.21 '7 58-93 19 5-63 23 25.35 27 52-95 30 3.46 33 2.08 40 13-29 44 35-17 48 35-44 57 56-I3 20 13 7.43 20 2.98 27 8.69 30 32.31 57 6.15 45 48-10 2t I 12.36 7 31-88 15 32.83 4- 78 II.O 4- 27 14.8 19 27-3 4- 68 . 8.7 - 3 21.9 + 46 37.0 4- 61 48.1 4- 69 2.6 10 18.4 4- 39 9-9 + 42 28.0 4- 9 34-5 4-33 45-2 + 82 14.5 + 14 32.2 - 24 3-3 4- 74 57-0 + 52 23.8 4 12 39.3 + 68 49.0 4- 27 47-8 4- 9 33-0 - 21 5.4 - 2 55-8 - M 39-0 8 19.8 4- 38 40.0 + 37 28.0 + 37 28.0 + 33 13-0 26 27.1 + 75 17-0 4- 13 40.6 - 21 14.0 - 19 10.5 + 67 26.3 4 73 7-1 + 2 51.8 4 24 23.0 4- 7 5-0 7 18.4 4- 49 56.0 4- 10 18.3 4- 8 32.: 4-69 56.6 + 6 55.3 4- 77 19-7 - 18 37.6 + 10 52.4 4-72 6.1 4- 44 49-6 - 9 27.5 +38 7.6 4- 29 42.4 4-62 2.9 * * * A * * * * # * # # * # X- * * * * * * # * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * # * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * # * fl * * * * * * /3 1 Scorpii . Groombridge 2320 . A Draconis ..... f Ophiuchi * * # * * * * * * # * Groombridge 2376 . d Herculis c Ursae Minoris * * * * * * # * * # * * # # * * 1 '' Herculis # * * # * * * * * * M * * * * * * * * * * -s * * * * * # * * * * # * * * # * * * * * * * * * * :: # # * * Groombridge 966, L. C. C l Lvrae . 3 Lvrze a Vulpeculae .... fi Aquilae T Capricorni .... Groombridge 3241 . ' Cvani . 55 COLORADO SPRINGS, COLORADO TERRITORY, July 28, 1873. Name of Star. Clamp. T. m rtA <:C T' AR. AT h. m. s. s. s. s. h. m. s. h. m. s. m. s. K Ophiuchi W. 17 I 50.23 0.05 + o-54 + 0.60 17 I 51.32 16 51 41.23 10 10. eg Ursae Minoris . 9 20.45 - 0.48 - 5-69 -1- 4-37 9 18.65 59 8.70 9-95 a' Herculis. 19 2.47 - o.n .+ 0.47 + 0.61 19 3-44 17 8 53.30 10.14 /} Draconis 37 45-68 O.II - 0.42 + 0.97 37 46.12 27 35.92 IO.2O ft Herculis. E. 51 41.99 0.04 + 0.24 0.67 51 41.52 41 31.30 10.22 IO IO. I2O Normal Equations, o = 0.42 + 5.00 fit 4.36(1 q.g&c = 7.12 4. 36* +26.72 a + 37.79 c a = + IMI5 o = 6.06 9.98 tit + 37.790 + 6i.ooc c = o'.sgo COLORADO SPRINGS, COLORADO TERRITORY, July 29, 1873. Name of Star. Clamp. T IB A rC T' AR. AT h. m. s. s. s. s. h. m. s. h. m. s. m. s. I Aqirilse . W. 18 38 31.00 + O.OI + 0.87 - 0.04 18 38 -31.84 18 28 20.00 10 11.84 B A cC T' AR. AT h. m, s. s. s. s. h. m. s. h. m. s. m. s. c Coronas . E. 16 2 36.71 + O.O2 + 0.25 + 0.08 16 2 37.O6 15 52 21.37 10 15.69 /?' Scorpii . . . 8 19.57 + O.OI + 0.99 + 0.07 8 20.64 58 4.92 15.72 6 Ophiuchi . . . 17 57-94 O.OO + 0.72 + 0.07 17 58.73 16 7 43.10 15-63 T Herculis . 26 12.94 + 0.04 0.22 + O.IO 26 12.86 15 56.96 15.90 T] Draconis . 32 34-83 O.OI O.8g + 0.14 32 34.07 22 18.43 15-64 A Draconis . . 38 .33-66 + 0.12 - 1-52 + 0.19 38 32-45 28 16.63 15.82 >1 Herculis . W. 48 49-93 + O.Og O.OI 0.08 48 49.93 38 34-26 15-67 K Ophiuchi . 17 i 56-35 + 0.04 + 0.54 0.07 17 I 56.86 51 41.18 15-68 E Ursse Minoris 9 2 9.37 + 0.27 - 5-47 0.50 9 23-67 59 7-93 15-74 a 1 Herculis . . 19 8.68 + 0.05 + o-45 0.07 19 9. II 17 8 53.25 15.86 44 Ophiuchi . 28 53-97 + 0.03 + 1.05 0.07 28 54.98 18 39.13 15-85 Mean for i6 h 35"* local sidereal time . 10 15 . 745 o fl ,o2o Normal Equations. O = +O.Q3 + Il.OOf!/ 3.82' 2.2&C o= 4.66 3.82B aA cC T' AR. AT - h m. s. s. s. s. h. m. s. h. m. s. h. m. s. <5 Ophiuchi . W. 8 o 38.81 + 0.06 - 1.19 0.22 8 o 37.46 16 7 43.11 +87 5.65 T Herculis . . 8 51.32 + 0.14 + 0.26 O.32 8 51.40 15 56.98 5.58 ri Draconis . 15 11.63 + O.2O + 1.30 - 0.47 15 12.66 22 18.47 5.8i f Ophiuchi . . . 23 7.60 + 0.07 - 1.35 0.23 23 6.09 3O 11.82 5-73 ri Herculis . E. 31 28.39 0.03 0.07 + 0.29 31 28.58 38 34.29 5-71 Groom. 2376 . . 36 11.82 O.O3 0.07 + 0.30 36 12. O2 43 17-74 5-72 K Ophiuchi . 44 36.19 O.O2 0.89 + O.22 44 35-50 51 4I.I9 5.69 d Herculis . 49 50.99 O.O5 0.26 + 0.27 49 50.95 56 56.70 5-75 a Herculis . . 9 I 48.02 O.OO 0.78 + 0.23 9 I 47.47 17 8 53-26 5-79 Groom. 966 . 15 45-11 + 0.43 6.02 0.85 15 38.67 22 44-51 5.84 + 87 5.727o'.oi6 Normal Equations. O = + 12.58 + IO.OOB oA . cC T' AR. AT h. m. s. s. s. s. h. m. s. h. m. s. h. m, s. Brad. 3313 . W. 10 14 56.60 0.07 - 1-55 0.27 10 14 54.71 18 21 59.87 +87 5.16 I Aquilae . . 21 16.58 0.08 - 1-39 0.27 21 14.84 28 20.00 5.16 a Lyrae . . 25 35-81 0.13 0.09 - 0.34 25 35.25 32 40.44 5-19 f l Lyrae . . . . 33 21.40 0.08 0.13 0.32 33 20.87 40 26.08 5.21 f Lyrae . . . . 33 23.28 0.06 0.13 0.32 33 22.77 40 27.96 5-19 Lyre . .-,.,.. . 38 20.93 0.04 0.29 0.32 38 20.28 45 25.58 5.30 50 Draconis . . 43 23.21 0.03 + 4-8 1.04 43 26.22 50 31.08 4.86 v Sagittarii . E. 55 H-66 0.02 - 1-74 + 0.27 55 10.17 19 2 15.21 5-04 6 Draconis . . . ii 5 26.07 O.II + 2.14 + 0.69 n 5 28.79 12 34.14 5-35 6 Aquilx . 12 3.89 O.OI - 1.13 + 0.26 12 3.OI 19 7.94 4-93 a Vulpeculas . 16 22.63 O.OO - 0.57 + 0.29 16 22.35 23 27-55 5.20 p Aquilas . . 21 51.14 + 0.03 1.02 + 0.26 21 5O.4I 27 55-23 4.82 * Aquilae . 23 1.96 + 0.05 - 1-37 + 0.27 23 0.91 30 5.89 4.98 6 Cygni . . . 26 58.51 + 0.15 + 0.46 + 0.41 26 59.53 33 4-44 4.91 + 87 5 . 093 o*.O3O Normal Equations. 0=;+ 1.86 + 14. ooSt+ 1.500 1.63*- (J/=+o'.og3 0= +16.36+ i.5od/ + 9.98a + 6.59* a = i.828 o = + 2.03 1.63^ + 6.590 + 38.46^ c = + o.264 63 SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH TERRITORY, August 5, 1873. Name of Star. Clamp, T 6B A eC T' AR. AT h. m. s. s. s. s. h. m. s. h. m. s. h. m. s. { Ophiuchi . W. 8 23 9.01 0.03 - 1.30 0.28 8 23 7.40 16 30 11.79 +87 4.39 1 Herculis . . 31 30.15 0.05 0.06 0.36 31 29.68 38 34.21 4-53 Groom. 2376 . . 36 13.61 0.04 0.06 0.37 36 13-14 43 17-66 4.58 K Ophiuchi . . 44 37.98 O.O2 0.85 0.28 44 36.83 51 41.15 4.32 d Herculis . 49 52.96 O.O2 0.25 - 0.33 49 52.36 56 56.64 4.28 o l Herculis . E. 9 * 49-56 0.05 0.76 + 0.28 9 I 49.03 17 8 53.23 4.20 Groom. 966 . . 15 47-o6 - 0.15 - 5.67 1. 06 15 40.18 22 44.86 4.68 a Ophiuchi . . 23 0.44 O.II 0.79 + 0.28 22 59.82 29 4.25 4-43 a Draconis . . 30 36.93 - 0.39 + 2.14 + 0.76 30 39.44 37 44-29 4-85 fi Herculis . 34 27.09 0.18 - 0.41 + 0.31 34 26.81 41 3L42 4.61 + 87 4.461 o*.O4i Normal Equations. o= + 4.45 + io.oo<5/+ 4.900 3.77* <5/=+o".46i 0=4-27.37+ 4.go 0.012 s. 0.019 29 19. o 5.478 0.020 O.OIO 30 18.0 5-455 0.026 4- 0.009 31 17.0 5-673 0.037 + O.OO2 Aug. I 17.0 5.727 0.016 0.024 2 19.0 5.093 0.030 0.019 5 18.0 4-440 0.040 4- 0.002 6 18.0 4-8 7 4-491 0.024 o.ooo Signals for Determination of Longitude between Salt Lake City, Utah, ami Colorado Springs, Colorado Territory. Arbitrary signals sent from Date. Salt Lake. Colorado Springs. Colorado Springs Salt Lake chronom- Colorado Springs Salt Lake chronom- chronometer. eter. chronometer. eter. 1873. h. m, s. h. m. s. h. m. s. h. m. s. July 29 18 7 29.91 9 2I 54-77 18 13 30.52 9 27 55-00 40.10 22 4-gO 40.52 28 5.60 50.00 14.85 55-10 20.15 8 O.O2 24.87 14 5-62 30.70 IO.OO 34-9 15.96 41.03 20.00 44.90 25.53 50.60 30. 10 54.96 35 S<> 29 0.62 40.00 23 4-87 45-43 10.50 50.16 14-97 55-57 20.65 59.87 24.70 15 5-6o 30.70 9 10. 16 34-99 15.75 40.85 20.19 45.00 25-55 50.63 30.19 55.00 35.48 30 0.53 40.20 24 5.00 46.10 u.i8 50.18 15.00 55.00 20.09 10 0.17 25.00 16 7.00 32.10 10.40 35-22 15.60 40.70 20.20 45.03 25.88 50.98 30.20 55-10 35.10 31 0.2O Mean.iS 9 0.108 Mean. 9 23 24.949 Mean.iS 15 5.098 Mean. 9 29 30.169 Arbitrary signals sent from Date. Salt Lake. Colorado Springs. Colorado Springs Salt Lake chronom- Colorado Springs Salt Lake chronom- chronometer. eter. chronometer. eter. 1873- h. m. s. h. m. s. h. m. s. h. m. s. July 30 18 47 22.40 10 i 46.37 18 58 45.11 10 13 9.48 32.00 56.00 55-54 19.90 4'-97 2 5.97 59 5-54 29.90 51.88 15.89 15.61 40.00 48 2.00 26.OO 25.57 49.92 12. CO 36.02 35.60 5 9 -.94 21.98 46.OO 45-51 14 9.90 32.OO 56.OO 55-50 19.88 42.00 3 6.00 .19 o 5.50 29.86 52.00 16.00 15-58 39-94 49 2.00 26.00 25.60 49-93 12.49 36.47 35-59 59-94 22.00 46. 10 45-53 15 9.90 32.00 56.00 56.60 20.93 42.38 4 6.38 I 5-59 29.90 52-4I 16.43 16.67 41 .00 50 2.50 26.48 25.66 49.98 12.40 36.41 35-57 59-90 22.59 46.60 45.60 16 9.9? Mean.iS 48 52.158 Mean.io 3 16.164 Mean. 19 o 15.656 Mean.io 14 40.008 67 Signals for Determination of Lonyitiulc, &c. Continued. Arbitrary signals sent from Dale. Salt Lake. Colorado Springs. Colorado Springs Salt Lake chronom- Colorado Springs Salt Lake chronom- chronometer. eter. chronometer. eter. 1873. hi m. s. h. m. s. h. m. s. h. m. s. August 2 15 37 37-98 9 5i 59-00 18 42 55.56 9 57 16.90 47-31 52 8.31 43 5-52 26.86 57.47 18.47 15.60 36.92 38 7.46 28.44 26.53 47-83 17.55 3S-54 36.59 57-91 27-50 48.50 46.49 58 7.80 38.00 59.01 55-54 16.87 47-79 53 8.79 44 5.6o 26.93 57-51 18.50 16.40 37.71 39 7.64 28.65 25.60 46.90 17-57 38.55 35.60 56.90 27.90 48.90 45.56 59 6.86 37.64 58.66 55-53 16.87 47.80 54 8.90 45 8.50 29.82 57-9 18.90 15.53 36.88 40 7.97 29.00 25.59 46.87 17.81 38.82 35-57 56.85 27.90 48.90 45-59 10 o 6.86 38.00 59-oq 55.56 16.90 Mean. 18 39 7.721 Mean. 9 53 28.728 Mean.iS 44 25.914 Mean. 9 58.47.234 Arbitrary signals from Date. Colorado Springs. Salt Lake. Colorado Springs Salt Lake chronom- Colorado Springs Salt Lake chronom- chronometer. eter. chronometer. eter. 1873- h. m. s. h. m. s. h. m. s. h. m. s. August 5 18 45 15.62 9 59 35-14 18 49 55.38 10 4 14.66 25.60 45.10 50 5-30 24-50 35-52 55-00 15.28 34.50 45-55 10 o 5.01 25-35 44.60 55.56 15.02 35.29 54-51 46 5.50 25.00 45-59 5 4.85 15.50 35-00 55.60 14.86 25.52 45.00 51 5.56 24.80 35-54 55-02 15.50 34.78 45.58 i 5.04 25.42 44.72 56.54 16.00 35.60 54.85 47 6.59 26.03 45-70 6 4.97 16.57 36.03 56.00 15-32 26.58 46.02 52 5-62 24.90 36.56 56.00 15.76 35-02 45-70 2 5.18 25.61 44.90 55-10 14.50 35-68 54.96 48 5.52 25.OO 45.72 7 5-02 15.54 35-03 56.28 15-50 Mcan.iS 46 45.800 Mean.io I 5.269 Mean.lS 51 25.596 Mean.io 5 44.854 68 Signals for Determination of Longitude, <(-c. Continued. Arbitrary signals sent from Date. Salt Lake. Colorado Springs. Colorado Springs Salt Lake chronom- Colorado springs Salt Lake chronom- chronometer. eter. chronometer. eter. 1873- h. m. s. h. m. s. h. m. s. h. m. s. Aug. 6 18 15 35.24 9 29 53.60 1 8 24 15.60 9 38 34-24 45.18 30 3-59 25-55 44.16 55-oo 13-50 35-6i 54-22 16 5.40 23.80 45.60 39 4-21 15.24 33-05 55-59 14.20 25-JQ 43-53 25 5-6l 24.24 35-03 53-50- 15.12 33-6i 45.29 31 3.65 25.61 44-27 55-iS 13-53 34-6o 53-21 17 5.30 23.69 44-61 40 3-24 15.47 33-86 54.60 13.20 25.48 43-87 26 4.60 23.22 35-oo 53-50 15-68 34-30 45-40 32 3-8o 25.60 44-25 55-30 13.65 35-00 53.62 18 5.60 23.98 45-10 41 3.64 15-59 33-97 55-62 14.22 25.64 44.00 27 5.60 24.20 35-Di 54-3 16.53 35-16 Mean.iS 17 5.323- Mean . 9 31 23.721 Mean.iS 25 45.360 Mean . 9 40 3.969 July 30, the breaks for the seconds of Salt Lake and Colorado Springs coincide. By meas- uring the differences where I find the full minute, I develop the fact that the Colorado Springs chronometer breaks o'.no later than the Salt Lake break ; therefore the mean of the signals sent from Salt Lake and received on the Colorado Springs chronograph is, i8 h 48 52".048. The same happens on August 2. The Colorado Springs chronometer is o'.oqs later than the Salt Lake chronometer on the Colorado Springs chronograph ; therefore the mean is, i8 h 39 m 7'.626. Final Results for Longitude. Signals sent from Stations of record. Mean of sig- nals sent and received. Time-correc- tion. Corrected time. Difference of longitude. Double wave-time. Means. I873- July 29. Salt Lake . . . . < Colo. Springs chron. Salt Lake chron. . . h. m. s. 18 9 o.i I 9 23 2 4-95 h. m. s. o 10 11^72 + 8 7 5.46 h. m. s. 17 58 48.39 17 30 30.41 h. m. s. o 28 17.98 s, s. Colorado Springs - < Colo. Springs chron. Salt Lake chron. . . 18 15 5.10 9 29 30.17 o 10 11.72 + 8 7 5.46 18 4 53-38 17 36 35-63 17-75 0.23 17.865 July 3 D. Salt Lake . . . . J Colo. Springs chron. Salt Lake chron. . . 18 48 52.05 10 3 16. 16 b 10 12.48 + 8 7 5.46 18 38 39-57 18 10 21.62 17-95 Colorado Springs . < Colo. Springs chron. Salt Lake chron. . . 19 o 15,66 10 14 40.01 o 10 12.49 + 8 7 5.46 18 50 3.17 18 21 45.47 17.70 0.25 17.825 August 2, Salt Lake . . . . ) Colo. Springs chron. Salt Lake chron. . . 18 39 7-63 9 53 28.73 o 10 15.83 + 8 7 S .u 18 28 51.80 18 o 33.84 17.96 Colorado Springs . < Colo. Springs chron. Salt Lake chron. . . 18 44 25.91 9 5 8 47- 2 4 o 10 15.83 + 8 7 5.11 18 34 10.08 18 5 52-35 17-73 0.23 17-845 August 5. Colorado Springs - < Colo. Springs chron. Salt Lake chron. . . 18 46 45.80 10 i 5.27 o 10 18.30 + 87 4.44 18 36 27.50 18 8 9.71 17-79 Salt Lake . . . . ) Colo. Springs chron. Salt Lake chron. . . 18 51 25.60 10 5 44.85 o 10 18.31 + 87 4.44 18 41 7.29 18 12 49.29 18.00 0.21 17-895 August 6. Salt Lake . . . . J Colo. Springs chron. Salt Lake chron. . . 18 17 5.32 9 3' 23.72 o 10 19.17 + 87 4.49 18 6 46.15 17 38 28.21 17.94 Colorado Springs . < Colo. Springs chron. Salt Lake chron. . . 18 25 45.36 9 4 3-97 o 10 19.18 + 87 4.49 18 15 26.18 1747 846 17.72 O.22 17.830 Colorado Springs east of Salt Lak( City O h 2 8 m i7".852o.oo9 70 Mean Places of Stars for 1873.0, med for Determination of Latitude of Colorado Springs, Colorado Territory. No. of pair. No. in B. A. C. Right ascension. Declination. No. of pair. No. in B. A. C. Right ascension. Declination. h. m. s. 1 II h. m. s. , 5587 16 34 57 12 38 35.4 7297 20 55 5 39 45 23.86 I 5628 40 3 64 49 48.4 2 5 7320 58 9 38 9 23.70 2 5747 56 55 33 45 14.08 26 73&I 21 6 13 22 33 45.2 5775 17 i 13 43 59 9.46 7401 13 27 55 15 54.42 579 3 38 40 40 59.86 ft*! 7444 18 55 25 37 43-49 3 5834 10 38 36 57 13.04 *J 7489 27 ii 52 3 36.28 5871 16 46 46 21 58.58 oH 7505 29 35 37 57 56-32 4 5927 26 7 31 15 15-10 40 7521 3i 52 39 5<-> 37.7f> 5978 33 4i 61 58 18.9 Of. 7554 36 28 40 13 45.02 5 599' 36 16 16 o 44.7 zy 7566 38 10 37 42 10.92 6079 51 20 56 53 35-36 in 7621 46 12 66 12 8.4 6110 56 57 20 50 5.7 3 U 7641 50 45 II 28 27.5 7 6i57 18 3 20 20 47 46.2 7683 57 48 57 23 17.18 g 6238 16 4 28 48 39.4 3 1 7733 22 4 30 20 21 16.4 6255 18 18 49 3 28.30 7757 7 50 27 58 46.49 6357 33 55 39 33 26.28 32 7825 20 17 49 45 25-22 9 6365 35 54 38 15 1.54 IO 6391 40 14 39 28 51.50 7832 22 17 - o 40 9.8 33 7857 25 44 78 8 18.1 6468 50 13 33 48 27.32 34 7874 28 44 78 10 19.9 1 1 6475 51 28 43 46 47-3 7880 30 13 38 58 39-82 6520 57 51 46 45 20.56 35 Gr.3873 39 8 38 32 7-36 12 6571 19 6 54 31 4 22.42 7931 38 21 38 48 1,90 6586 9 17 65 45 57-5 4fS 7951 41 18 - 4 53 13-7 13 6615 13 44 12 8 35.4 3 7990 47 55 82 28 47.5 6652 19 49 20 I 21.6 8003 52 51 II 3 3-3 14 6681 23 29 57 46 18.90 37 oft 8039 58 43 66 31 29.0 J 8077 23 4 55 66 33 9.5 6698 27 3 34 ii 3-32 15 6720 30 43 43 4 2.52 n 8147 16 26 19 51 47.4 39 8188 24 ii 57 50 55.98 rA 6731 32 42 44 24 56.30 40 Gr.4iio 32 21 57 57 5.58 IO 6784 41 36 33 26 0.74 8296 45 57 20 57 54.22 I? 6819 6852 46 42 51 19 18 20 49.49 59 22 23.28 41 42 8310 8317 48 3 49 12 56 47 34.04 56 42 18.74 Gr-42i6 57 39 49 9 47.30 T Q 6863 52 51 57 54 55-94 43 8374 o o i 28 19 15.15 1C 6901 59 31 19 37 42.0 28 6 55 40 20 3.36 6918 2O I 40 51 28 32.38 44 67 14 26 37 15 53-68 J 9 6944 6 41 26 6 2.7 87 18 54 i 14 10.80 45 105 22 45 76 19 6.8 20 6963 6998 9 26 13 46 42 59 40.52 34 35 13-28 46 121 178 24 47 34 52 53 49 15-16 23 55 57-42 7022 17 40 39 51 4-58 2O I 38 4 54 31 33.26 21 7061 22 52 38 i 27.56 47 A& Gr. 137 39 o 54 36 37.4 4 250 48 10 22 56 25.71 22 7084 7101 26 10 28 29 36 30 32.70 41 2 24.58 49 285 33 55 52 I 2 8 31 7 18.84 46 33 49.88 7140 32 51 20 45 23.4 en 357 5 49 31 24 3-54 2 3 7189 39 8 56 55 44.74 5 U 441 22 30 46 21 4-10 7243 45 37 50 18 41.56 C T 474 28 42 48 4 23.02 2 4 7256 49 8 27 34 33-o8 D 1 5M 34 29 29 24 13.5 71 Observations for Latitude. Station, Colorado Springs. Date. No. of star. Microm. reading. Level. Remarks. Date. No. of star. Microm. reading. Level. Remarks. N. S. N. S. 1873- t. d. d. d. 1873. t. d. d. d. Julysi 7505 6 10. 6 24.0 28.0 Air very undu- Aug. 2 6238 2 62.8 24.0 17.7 7521 15 i.3 28.3 24.0 lating. 6255 15 0.7 8.3 33-4 7554 7566 17 54-2 I 57.2 31.0 17.0 21.3 35-3 Changed length of bubble. 6357 6365 13 31-0 4 53-2 20.0 II.9 22.0 29-4 Very faint. 7621 II 6.9 19.5 14.0 6391 8 95.0 23.0 19-3 7641 9 96.0 9-7 24.6 6468 II 94.6 21. 21.8 7683 13 5-3 18.0 16.0 6475 8 8.1 17.0 26.0 7733 8 2.8 15.5 18.5 7757 7 80.9 17.3 16.8 6520 14 39-0 24.4 18.7 7825 12 72.6 31.0 3.o 6571 4 36-4 9.3 33-4 7832 16 70.9 22. O ii. 3 6586 17 10.2 21.8 20.9 Changed in- 7857 5 96.4 I3.O 20.3 6615 2 31.2 2.3-9 18.5 clination. 7874 7 93-6 13.3 20.3 6652 6 63.0 iS.o 24.6 7951 10 89.2 18.0 16.8 6681 14 89.3 30.4 12.3 7990 7 41-6 26.O 9.0 6698 3 52.3 20.8 22. 8003 12 23.5 16.8 18.2 6720 15 iI-5 27.0 16.0 8039 8077 7 68.5 9 33-i 26.3 25-7 8.7 9-7 6731 6784 15 Si.o 4 56.9 23.9 17.3 19.0 26.2 8147 8188 Gr.4iio 5 97-1 9 37-4 15 32.3 15.0 31.2 31.0 20.9 5-0 5.0 6819 6852 7 75-5 ii 64.6 18.0 28.6 26.0 16.0 8296 8310 10 27.5 16 17.1 18.0 18.0 17-9 18.0 6863 6901 5 25.6 ii 67.0 26.0 16.5 18.4 28.5 8317 ii 11.4 18.0 18.0 6918 8 12.0 18.9 26.2 Gr.42i6 5 39-0 18.0 18.3 6944 12 52.4 30.9 14.4 8374 15 31-5 21.2 15.0 6963 7 75-8 21.7 23.6 28 8 17.5 16.4 20. o 6998 ii 90.7 26.0 19-5 67 ii 56.7 16.3 20. o 7022 6 49.0 20.5 25.2 87 12 22.0 17.3 19.0 7061 3 54-0 32.9 13-3 105 6 34.0 18.9 iS.o 7084 12 98.9 20.9 25.0 Aug. 2 5587 13 2.6 16.0 25-4 Air little undu- 7101 6 98.9 29-4 16.9 5628 2 83.9 41-5 lating. 7140 8 9.8 22.5 23.0 5747 7 23.7 19.8 22.3 7189 10 5.3 3L7 14.8 5775 12 27.8 21.8 20.3 7243 16 77.0 18.6 28.0 Faint. 579 8 79.0 21.3 20.7 7256 3 20.0 32-3 14-3 5834 9 79-8 14.3 27.9 7297 16 55.0 26.0 21. 5978 18 32.0 22.3 19.5 7320 i 57.0 20.3 27.2 599' - o 78.7 13.0 29.0 7361 4 -o.l 25.0 22.8 6079 ii 34-6 25.0 17.0 7401 14 82.5 27.9 20. 2 6110 7 8.9 9-3 32.0 7444 9 14.0 25-7 22.2 6157 9 35-1 8.0 33-6 7489 ii 21.9 25.0 23.3 72 Observations for Latitude. Station, Colorado Springs Continued. Date. No. of star. Microm. reading. Level. Remarks. Date. No. of star. Microm. reading. Level. Remarks. N. S. N. S. 1873- t. d. d. d. 1873- t. d. d. d. Aug. 2 7505 .5 48.0 24.7 23.5 Aug. 4 357 6 96.9 23.0 21 .O 7521 14 45.6 24.6 23-5 Cloudy. 441 12 63.9 25.8 18.3 4 7505 5 50.6 24-3 15-5 Air good. 474 5 60.8 21. S 22.2 7521 M 23.7 3-0 37-0 5M 16 5-3 I 4 .8 29.0 7554 17 79-8 22.6 17-3 5 6238 2 96.0 19.8 15.0 Very heavv 7566 I 83.1 7-4 32-7 6255 15 39-t 1.0 35-4 wind. 7621 10 19.3 23.9 16.2 Changed the 6652 6 41.2 15.0 21. 7641 9 10.0 5.0 35.3 inclination. 6681 M 59-7 21.6 15-0 7683 12 44.7 22.7 18.0 6698 3 41-8 2O. 2 16.0 7733 7 26.9 23.O 18.0 ( 6720 M 87.3 16.0 21.0 7757 7 21. o 25.2 15.8 6731 15 13-4 20.2 17.0 7825 12 4.6 20.7 21. 6784 3 84-3 17.9 20. 1 7832 15 53-0 23.0 18.3 6819 6 99.0 iS.o 20. o 7857 4 88.9 23.8 I 7 .8 6852 10 95.0 28.0 10.2 7874 6 86.5 23.6 18.0 6863 6 50.4 22.4 16.0 7880 9 46.8 20.3 21. Wrong setting. 6901 12 83.0 17.5 21. Gr. 3873 17 49-3 30.0 "3 6918 8 5-6 17.3 21.2 795i 10 20. 8 23.0 18.4 6944 12 53.0 21. 17.2 7990 6 63.9 20.3 21. 6963 8 27.0 20.8 18.0 8003 ii 59.9 17.9 23.0 6998 12 36.0 22.4 16.5 8039 7 7-0 27.4 I4.O 7022 15 64.0 25.8 13-9 8077 8 68.5 27.8 14.8 7061 2 64.9 19.0 20. o 8i47 5 42.0 19.8 22.8 7084 12 22.5 21.3 17-3 8188 8 91 .0 33.7 9.0 7101 6 18.0 19.3 20. o Gr. 4110 14 83.0 32.7 9.8 7140 7 71-8 20. o 19.2 8296 9 51.0 28.0 14.5 7189 9 55.2 18.0 21.3 8310 15 46.0 14.0 28.6 8317 10 38.9 13.5 29.2 7243 16 70.0 20.3 19.0 7256 3 19.6 16.6 23.0 Gr. 4216 5 4-3 24.7 18.0 8374 14 99-5 16.6 26.0 7297 16 44.0 23-9 15.8 7320 I 60.5 9.0 30.8 28 7 99.1 25.0 18.0 67 ii 26.2 20.3 22.3 7361 4 18.0 23-3 16.0 7401 14 12.7 9.8 30.0 87 ii 44.4 22. 20.8 105 5 70.3 25.6 17.3 7444 10 34.0 18.0 21.8 7489 12 40.9 24-3 15 7 121 ii 58.0 17.3 25-7 I 7 8 5 88.5 28.8 14.5 7505 5 71*0 24.5 15.0 7521 14 60.3 10.8 29.0 2O I 4 49-3 ig.O 24-3 9 35-0 15-3 28.0 7554 18 30.9 23.5 16.6 250 15 42.0 27.O 16.3 7566 2 21. 14.8 25.8 285 9 26.5 18.0 25.3 7621 9 77.0 20. o 21. 33 II II. 2 32.0 12.0 7641 8 44.8 23-3 18.0 73 Observations for Latitude. Station, Colorado Springs Continued. Date. No. of star. Microm. reading. Level. Remarks. Date. No. of star. Microm. reading. Level. Remarks. N. S. N. S. 1873. t. d. d. d. 1873. t. d. d. d, Aug. 5 7683 12 54.6 19.9 22. Aug. 6 7683 12 87.7 20. 14.0 7733 7 42.1 22. 2O. O 7733 7 62.5 21. J3-3 7757 6 86.9 ig.O 23.O 7832 15 20.5 2O. 2 '5-3 7825 n 67.5 24.7 iS.o 7857 4 43-o 12. 23.6 7832 15 72-1 20.3 22.0 7874 6 40.9 12.2 23.5 7857 4 98.5 20.2 22.0 7S74 6 94.2 20.3 22. O 7880 13 7-0 2O. 2 15.0 7931 5 9 6 -9 14-5 20.8 7880 12 8o.O 21.6 20.8 7931 5 63.8 21.5 21.4 795' 10 71.0 I 4 .8 20.3 7951 II 1.5" 23.0 19.8 7990 7 21.4 '5-4 19.9 7990 7 35-8 13-5 29.3 8003 12 17.8 19.9 15.0 8003 II 84.0 24.8 18.0 8039 7 54-9 13.0 22. 8039 7 19-8 15.4 28.0 8077 9 16.2 13.0 22.0 8077 8 79.2 14.4 29.0 8i47 5 91-0 I8. 4 17.2 8147 5 33-1 26.0 17.9 8iS8 9 17-3 13-0 23.0 8188 8 56.3 13.0 31.0 Gr. 4110 15 10.3 12.8 23.2 Cloudy. Gr.4iio 14 50.0 13-7 31-5 8296 9 39-3 30.0 13-5 7 7297 16 75.0 17.9 14.7 8310 15 27.1 10.3 33-2 7320 I 71.7 16.0 17-3 8317 10 19.4 9.8 33-7 736i 5 77-7 15.3 18.2 Gr.42l6 5 21.0 23.5 19.8 7401 16 0.9 29.0 4.6 8374 15 19-4 13.8 29-5 7444 9 78.5 16.7 17.0 28 8' 5-0 19.0 25.0 7489 II 89 . O 20. o 14.0 67 II 31.0 25.2 18.8 7505 5 64.7 19.8 13.8 87 II 66 . 5 27.2 17.0 7521 14 74-1 18.0 15.8 105 5 80.4 12 6 32.0 7554 17 81.2 19.0 14.9 121 n 85.1 20. o 24.7 7566 I 63.6 17.0 16.3 I 7 8 6 18.9 24.0 21.3 7621 10 19.0 18.5 16.0 201 4 48.9 23.6 22. O 7641 8 86.0 18.9 16.0 9 40.4 23.3 22.3 7683 12 99 . I 16.0 18.3 250 15 50.8 19.0 27.4 7733 7 84.2 20.3 14.0 28 5 8 41.6 22.3 23-5 7757 7 33-3 19.0 15-3 339 10 20.9 25.9 20.3 7825 12 37.0 31.0 357 7 3-7 26.0 19.7 7832 15 95-9 20. o 15.0 I5'aft< r merid. 44t 12 78.4 "5-5 30.3 7857 5 46.2 29.8 5-5 15' after merid. 474 5 33-7 18.6 25.0 | 7874 7 45-0 29.7 6.0 1 5 s after merid. 514 15 68.0 25.0 19.0 7880 '3 75-3 13.9 21.4 1 5* after merid. 6 7554 17 64.0 21.7 12.0 Air very good. 7931 6 36.2 35-4 o.o 15' after merid. 7566 I 46.9 15.8 18.3 8003 n 79.0 19.4 If). 2 Changed incl'n. 7621 9 95-3 13.7 20.3 8039 7 25-4 18.9 | 16.9 7641 8 60. 1 25.0 9.0 8077 8 86.6 18.6 17-3 74 Observations for Latitude. Station, Colorado Springs Continued. Level. Level. Date. No. of star. Microm. reading. Remarks. Date. No. of star. Microm. reading. Remarks. N. S. N. S. 1873- t. d. d. d. 1873. t. d. d. d. Aug. 7 8147 5 80.5 19.8 16.8 Aug. 9 5747 7 25-0 18.0 21.6 8188 9 21.2 20.3 16.6 5775 12 36.0 27.0 13.0 Gr. 4110 15 14.2 20.3 16.6 5790 9 22.8 iQ-5 20.4 8296 10 45-3 22. 14.8 5834 10 11.7 22. 18.0 8310 16 46.5 17.3 19.8 8317 II 38.9 17.0 20. 2 5871 8 46.8 22.3 17.9 5927 to 34.2 16.0 25.0 Gr. 4216 8374 4 85.3 14 90.6 19.6 8.3 I 7 .6 2g.O 5978 18 74.0 I8. 5 22.6 5991 o 62.7 30.3 10.8 28 8 42.0 22. 15-2 7 II 76.1 9-7 28.2 6079 12 24.2 24.0 17.9 6110 7 90-9 16.0 26.0 87 II 92.6 18.0 19.6 6157 10 16.0 16.3 25.9 Cloudy, heavy 105 6 8.0 14-7 22.9 rain, and storm. 7444 IO I.O 19.0 24.3 121 ii 88.3 17-3 20. 2 7489 12 23.2 34-0 9-7 I 7 8 6 30.3 15.2 22.2 7505 6 14.6 26.0 16.0 2OI 4 59-9 20. o 17-3 7521 15 28.7 21.8 21.8 9 54-6 21.8 15.9 250 15 77-0 I.O 36.O 8003 ii 93.5 25.0 19.5 Cloudy; thro' 474 514 5 68.4 16 24.0 17.3 5.9 20. 2 31-8 Cloudy. 8039 8077 7 52.0 9 23.2 30.0 30.4 14.5 14.0 clouds. Setting of mic. uncertain. 75 Computations for Latitude. Station, Colorado Springs. Date. dumber of pair. Half-sum of dec- linations. Corrections. Latitude. Mic. and ref. Level. Meridian. 1873- o , , /. ,. < // July 31 28 38 54 19.62 4 36.72 + 0.08 o.oo 38 49 42.98 29 58 0.46 - 8 16.16 2.36 o.oo 41.94 30 50 18.86 - o 34.45 - 2.59 o.oo 41.82 31 52 IQ.IO 2 36.11 0.27 o.oo 42.72 32 52 7-84 - 2 32.75 + 7-83 o.oo 42.92 * 33 44 6.75 + 5 33-88 + 0.93 o.oo 41.56 34 45 7-6i + 4 32.34 + 1. 01 o.oo 40.96 36 47 49-29 + I 48.02 4- 5-01 o.oo 42.32 37 47 18.07 + 2 21.36 + 4-45 o.oo 43-88 38 48 8.24 + I 30.23 + 4-01 o.oo 42.48 39 51 23.23 - I 45-73 + 5-58 o.oo 43.08 40 54 27.92 - 4 50.57 + 5-52 o.oo 42.87 4' 52 45.50 - 3 3-19 o.oo o.oo 42.31 42 50 7-84 o 26.07 o.oo o.oo 41.77 43 44 32.40 + 5 8.36 + 1.63 o.oo 42.39 44 47 59-51 + i 45.38 2.00 o.oo 42.89 45 46 41.05 + 3 2-72 O.22 o.oo 43-55 Aug. 2 I 38 44 17-10 4- 5 16.52 + 8.83 o.oo 38 49 42.45 2 52 18.27 2 36.61 - 0.27 o.oo 41-39 3 49 12.95 + o 31.09 - 3-58 o.oo 40.46 5 59 37-08 - 9 53.67 - 3-63 o.oo 39-78 6 51 56.02 2 12.26 4-03 + 0.30 40 03 7 50 46.29 - i 1-99 - 4-84 + 0.30 39-76 8 46 9-43 6 24.60 - 5-14 o.oo 39-69 9 54 19-47 - 4 32.73 - 5-36 + 0.04 41.42 10 52 2.04 2 17.25 - 3-79 o.oo 41.04 n 47 42.42 + 2 O.O7 2.69 o.oo 39.8o 12 54 56.64 - 5 "-SO 5.06 + 0.04 40.08 13 57 20.68 - 7 39-54 + 1-73 o.oo 42.91 14 53 53-73 - 4 16.72 + 3-i6 o.oo 40.17 15 55 37-74 6 0.15 + 2.69 o.oo 40.28 16 55 33-12 - 5 49- 2 4 I. 10 o.oo 42.78 17 51 40.50 2 0.84 + 1.26 o.oo 40.92 18 46 23.19 + 3 19.28 1. 21 o.oo 41.26 19 47 21. 81 + 2 16.82, + 2.53 o.oo 41.16 20 47 3I-I7 +2 8.90 + 1.26 o.oo 41.33 21 56 20.23 6 42.34 + 4-12 o.oo 42.01 22 46 32.70 + 3 6.41 + 2.31 o.oo 41.42 23 50 37-75 - I 0.74 + 4.51 o.oo 41.52 24 56 41.06 7 I. 60 + 2.36 o.oo 41.80 25 57 27.43 - 7 45-41 - 0.55 o.oo 41.47 26 54 53-13 - 5 14-55 + 2.72 o.oo 41.30 27 50 43.09 - i 4-59 + 1-43 o.oo 39-93 28 54 20.25 - 4 38.88 + 0.63 o.oo 42.00 4 28 38 54 20.87 4 31.26 - 6.93 o.oo 38 49 42.68 29 58 1.72 8 16.08 - 5-50 o.oo 40.14 30 50 19.96 - o 33.94 6.21 o.oo 39.81 31 52 20.47 2 40.89 + 2.67 o.oo 42.25 32 52 9.08 2 30.25 + 2.50 o.oo 41-33 33 44 7-72 + 5 30.66 + 2.94 o.oo 41-32 34 45 8.56 + 4 29.25 + 2.83 o.oo 40.64 Computation for Latitude. Station, Colorado Sprinys Continued. Date. Number of pair. Half-sum of dec- linations. Corrections. Latitude. Mic.and ref Level. Meridian. 1873- , / ,, , ,1 Aug. 4 35 38 45 26.65 + 4 9-33 + 4-95 o.oo 38 49 40.93 3f> 47 50-22 + i 50.91 + I. 10 o.oo 42.23 :; 47 i9-'8 + 2 20.71 + 2.28 o.oo 42.17 38 48 9-34 4- I 30.54 + 2.17 o.oo 42.05 39 51 24.36 - I 48.43 + 5-97 o.oo 41.90 40 54 29.04 - 4 52.37 + 5-50 o.oo 42.17 4i 52 46.58 - 3 4-87 0.30 o.oo 41.41 42 50 8.94 - o 27.31 - 0.60 0.00 41.03 43 44 33-51 +5 9-20 - 0.74 0.00 41.97 44 48 0.60 + I 41. 6T + 1-37 o.oo 43.58 45 46 41.93 + 2 58.41 + 2.61 o.oo 42.95 46 52 36.80 2 56.95 + 1.65 o.oo 41.50 47 44 1.61 + 5 39-49 + 1.48 o.oo 42.58 48 46 33.68 + 3 8.59 - 0.55 o.oo 41.72 49 50 36.07 - o 57.39 + 3-49 0.00 42.17 50 52 35-44 2 56.16 + 2.61 o.oo 41.89 51 44 19.92 + 5 24.52 4.01 0.00 40.43 5 14 38 53 55.48 - 4 14-31 + 0.16 o.oo 38 49 41.33 '5 55 38.54 - 5 55.89 O.22 o.oo 42.43 16 55 33-94 5 50.80 + 0.27 o.oo 43.41 17 51 41.30 2 3.04 + 4-45 o.oo 42.71 18 46 24.00 + 3 16.55 4- 0.80 o.oo 41.35 19 47 22.65 + 2 18.81 + 0.03 o.oo 41.49 20 47 32.05 + 2 7.06 + 2.39 o.oo 41.50 21 56 21. IT 6 43.62 + 3-oo o.oo 40.49 22 46 33.60 + 3 7-71 + 0.91 o.oo 42.22 23 50 38.61 - o 56.98 0.69 o.oo 40.94 24 56 41.96 - 6 59.55 1.40 o.oo 41.01 25 57 28.36 7 40.90 - 3-77 o.oo 43.69 26 54 54-04 5 9-o6 - 3-55 o.oo 41.43 27 50 44.02 i 4.28 + 1.32 o.oo 41.06 28 54 21.19 - 4 36.30 - 2.39 o.oo 42.50 29 58 2.03 8 20.18 - J-I3 o.oo 40.72 30 50 20.23 o 41.07 + 1.18 o.oo 40.34 31 52 20.61 2 39.25 0.03 o.oo 41.33 32 52 9-39 2 29.32 + 0.74 o.oo 40.81 33 44 7.96 + 5 33-62 0.96 o.oo 40.62 34 45 8.81 + 4 32.80 0.94 0.00 40.70 35 53 24.22 - 3 42.42 + 0.25 o.oo 42.05 36 47 50.47 + i 53.65 - 3-47 o.oo 40.65 37 47 19-46 + 2 24.22 - 1.59 o.oo 42.09 38 48 9.61 + I 34-70 - 2.14 o.oo 42.17 39 51 24.65 I 40.42 2.72 o.oo 41.51 40 54 29.34 - 4 44.89 2.67 o.oo 41.78 41 52 46.87 - 3 2.65 - 1.76 o.oo 42.56 42 50 9.22 o 24.89 2.03 o.oo 48.30 43 44 33.78 + 5 10.19 - 3-30 0,00 40.67 44 48 0.87 + i 41.30 + o.n o.oo 42.28 45 46 42.16 + 3 2.13 - 2.53 o.oo 41.76 46 52 37-05 - 2 55-93 - 0.55 o.oo 40.57 47 44 1.87 + 5 42-35 - 1.87 o.oo 42.35 48 46 33-93 .+. 3 9-65 2.03 o.oo 41.55 77 Computations for Latitude. Station, Colorado Springs Continued Date. Number of pair. Half-sum of dec- linations. Corrections. Latitude. Mic. and ref. Level. Meridian. 1873- , ,. * a M , Aug. 5 49 38 50 36.36 - o 55-71 + 1. 21 o.oo 38 49 41.86 5 52 35-67 2 50.17 - 2.34 o.oo 43.16 51 44 20.15 + 5 21.35 O.II 0.00 41.39 6 29 38 58 2.34 - 8 22.41 + 1.98 o.oo 38 49 41.91 30 50 20.51 - o 42.00 + 2.58 o.oo 41.09 31 52 20.90 - 2 43.18 + 3-77 o.oo 41.49 33 44 8 . 20 + 5 34.84 - 1.84 o.oo 41.20 34 45 9-05 + 4 33-33 - I. 7 6 o.oo 40.62 35 53 24.54 - 3 40.63 0.30 0.00 43-61 36 47 50.71 + I 54.85 - 2.75 o.oo 42.81 37 47 19-75 + 2 23.82 - 1.13 o.oo 42.44 38 48 9.89 + I 33-71 - I- 13 o.oo 42.47 39 5i 24.94 - I 41-39 - 2.42 o.oo 41.13 40 54 29.62 - 4 45-64 - 2.53 o.oo 41.45 7 25 38 57 28.97 - 7 47-05 0.52 o.oo 38 49 41.40 26 54 54-62 5 17-90 + 3-i6 o.oo 39-88 27 50 44-96 - i 5.4i + 1-57 o.oo 41.12 28 54 21.81 4 42 15 + 2.23 o.oo 41.89 29 58 2.66 8 22.63 + 1-32 0.00 41-35 30 50 20.77 o 41.32 + 1.48 o.oo 40.93 3i 52 21.20 - 2 39.99 + I.IO o.oo 42.31 32 52 10.01 - 2 46.49 + 9-54 o.oo 43-06 33 44 8 . 46 + 5 26.19 + 8.06 o.oo 42.71 34 45 9-29 + 4 29.41 + 7-89 o.oo 41-59 35 53 24.86 - 3 49.63 + 7-70 +- 0.06 42-99 37 47 20.02 + 2 30.93 + 1-43 o.oo 42-38 38 48 10.18 + I 30.85 + 1.24 o.oo 42.27 39 51 25.22 - I 45.86 + 1.84 o.oo 41.20 40 54 29.91 - 4 50.11 + 1.84 0.00 41.64 41 52 47-44 - 3 6.79 + 1.29 o.oo 41.94 42 50 9-79 o 29.08 4- I.IO o.oo 41.81 43 44 34-35 + 5 '2.31 - 5-14 o.oo 41.52 44 48 1-43 + i 43-79 3.22 o.oo 42.00 45 46 42.62 + 3 1-67 2.69 o.oo 41.60 46 52 37-52 2 53.38 2.72 o.oo 41.42 47 44 2.38 + 5 47-07 - 8.88 o.oo 40.57 48 46 34-45 + 3 13-37 8.00 o.oo 39-82 51 44 20.60 + 5 27.95 - 7.92 o.oo 40.63 9 2 38 52 19.24 - 2 38.76 + 2.86 o.oo 38 49 43.34 3 49 13-96 + o 27.62 + 0.85 o.oo 42.43 4 48 44.25 + o 58.23 1.26 o.oo 41.22 5 59 38.12 -io 1.74 + 4-23 o.oo 40.61 6 51 57.25 2 14.62 - 1.07 o.oo 41.56 7 50 47-51 - I 4.69 0.96 o.oo 41.86 27 50 45-21 - I 9-03 + 5-23 0.00 4I-4I 28 54 22.43 4 44-00 + 2.86 o.oo 41.29 37 47 20.56 + 2 17.17 + 5-77 + 0.19 43-88 38 48 10.77 + 2 26.IO 4- 6. 02 + 0.19 43.28 Mean latitude of Colorado Springs, Colorado . . 38 49' 4i".67 o".O35 78 The observations for latitude were made under very unfavorable circumstances. Undulations in the atmosphere, heavy winds, and great changes in temperature con- stantly affected the instrument. It is customary in this office to select for latitude only thirty-five pairs of stars, which have to be observed on five different nights. But the observer is dependent upon the weather, and is frequently disappointed, although after waiting I preferred to select a greater number of pairs, believing that the final result of a latitude is better when depending upon various star-places, giving the probability that the errors result- ing from the declination-places of the stars will more nearly compensate each other, and that this part of the probable error of the final result will come within that result- ing from observation alone. The mean latitude is obtained by taking the mean of all single results. For the different days the mean latitude is found to be as follows: O I II July 31 . 38 49 42.491 August 2 4 T -O43 4 41.702 5 41-652 6 41.864 7 41-585 9 - - 41-947 showing a great difference between the first and second day, arising from the disturbed condition of the air. The probable error of one observation is, , 0.6745 '"^ , n _ 1 where v is the difference between the mean results and the single results and n the number of observations; therefore the probable error of the mean result is, , = 0.6745 / S(v? \/ (n-i) If it is proper to place all the observations in the final result with the same weight (as in determining the longitude of a station from different nights' work) the formula should be used in this way; but in determining the latitude of a station, every single result obtained also depends upon the places of the stars forming the different pairs. It is certainly wrong to determine the probable error of the latitude-result by this for- mula, (it would give, for latitude of Colorado Springs, a probable error less than o".oi,) 79 though it is frequently done. If nearly the same number of stars are observed every night under the same conditions, I should prefer to determine the probable error of the final result after the manner of Mr. John H. Clark. Let- Probable error of one pair of stars, including constant errors of zenith-telescope observations = f Probable error of one observation rr e Number of pairs used at the station m Number of observations . then probable error of the final result, The formula shows that if the stars used are not very good, it is then better to select a larger number of pairs of stars, giving the probability that the final result will be more independent of the declinations. From all the observations of pairs of stars observed on three or more nights, I find the probable error of one observation and that of the final result, Taking the value for e f , found by Maj. C. B. Comstock, of the United States Lake Survey, for stars taken from Professor Safford's Catalogue for 98! Stars, o".53, the probable uncertainty of the final result will be, rbo".o82. Resulting Astronomical Co-ordinates for the Astronomical Monument at Colorado Springs, Colorado Territory, using, for the longitude of Washington and Salt Lake, the same data as in Clark's report. In time. In arc. h. m. s. Longitude . . . i 51 4.888 27 46 1 3.30 west of Washington. 6 59 17.008 104 49 15.10 west of Greenwich. Latitude (north) ..... 38 49 41.67 o".o35 Respectfully submitted. DR. F. KAMPF, Civilian Astronomical Assistant. First Lieut. GrEO. M. WHEELER, Corps of Engineers, in charge. UNITED STATES ENGINEER OFFICE, GEOGRAPHICAL AND GEOLOGICAL EXPLORATIONS AND SURVEYS WEST OF THE IOOTH MERIDIAN, May i, 1873. Memorandum of istructions for conducting observations for longitude and latitude at a main or primary astronomical station for the field-season of 1873. The fixed observatory, with which connection will be made, is in Temple Square, Salt Lake City, Utah, and in charge of Assistant John H. Clark. Every observer is responsible for the receiving of the signals from the connecting-stations for certain re- ductions of results, as full as possible, and will follow such other instructions that may, from time to time, be given. This station will be changed during the season, probably in the month of August, to the United States engineer observatory, to be constructed at Ogden, Utah. i. Observations for Longitude. In carrying on the astronomical campaign, preference will be given to the longi- tude-results for those nights that are clear at both stations; that is, the observers in charge, after having completed the necessary arrangements for the observations and exchange of signals, will, from this time on, exchange signals each night that shall be fair at the two stations, unless unavoidable difficulties arise to prevent. It will be carefully observed that weather-signals are sent by telegraph each evening about 6 p. m. while the exchanges are going on and until the full series at a station shall have been completed. In case of uncertainty as to the possibility for observing for anyone night, this ma}' be indicated in the first dispatch; and subsequent dispatch or dispatches, between this time and 10 p. m., shall determine whether exchanges shall be made that night or not. Some convenient and concise form will be adopted for the weather-signals, and in no case must there be a failure as regards forwarding them. It may be admissible, contingent upon the stage of the prosecution of the work, should the weather at Salt Lake at about 6 p. m. look unfavorable, that the observer at the distant station should at once conclude to take that night for latitude-work, which may be done after informing the observer at the Salt Lake or the receiving station. For the conducting of the observations for the exchanges for a single night, the following instructions will be adhered to: The transit of stars for time-determinations, consisting of not less than three time and two circumpolar stars in each position of the instrument, both before and after the transmission of the signals, will be taken. Of course, should the night be sufficiently clear, so that it seems possible to make the time-determinations at both stations, by the modification of the above, so that at one or both of the stations the transits of stars may be made entirely before or entirely after the sending of the signals, the strict following-out of the above is not necessary. These instructions are made with the understanding that a twenty-six or thirty- 81 two inch Wiirdemann instrument is used, with recording-apparatus in shape of a chronograph or register. The time set for the transmission of signals should be as near 9.30 p. m. local time of the Salt Lake meridian as possible; and great care should be taken that both observers shall be on hand simultaneously, so that as little delay as possible shall ensue in the use of the telegraph-wires. In the transmission of signals the record is to be made upon the chronograph or register at the two places over a space of five minutes in time, the connecting or Salt Lake station sending for the first five minutes arid the distant station receiving, and rice rcrxa. In addition to these, which may be known as the chronograph-signals, arbitrary signals will be sent, by the use of a. break-circuit key, at about ten seconds apart, at fractional parts of a second, making a series of thirty-one arbitrary signals during the five minutes. In order that the observer at a station may conclude that he has accomplished six nigl its of first-class observations, it becomes necessary that there should be an exchange of the approximate results. Each observer will therefore send to the other, upon each subsequent night or as soon thereafter as practicable, the approximate error of his chronometer and the mean of seven arbitrary signals, sent and received, selected from the middle of the set of thirty-one. This may be concisely expressed in a telegram. For the full satisfaction of an observer at the distant station, such further compu- tation shall be sent and received as shall seem necessary to a clear understanding of the case; as an observer will be held responsible should he leave the station and go to another before he is certain that the results upon final computation would prove satisfactory. 2. Observations for Latitude. These will be conducted through five complete and clear nights, so that there shall not be less than 175 pairs of observations upon 35 separate and distinct pairs of stars, each pair of which observations shall give a first-class result. These instructions are furnished to the observers with a view to their clearly understanding the class of results intended, and will always be carried out, unless unforeseen difficulties arise, in which event, as the observers will not hereafter be within speedy communication of these headquarters, it will be necessary for them to adopt immaterial modifications upon their own responsibility. It is, of course, under- stood that each observer is responsible for and receives the credit of his own work. A report will be made by each observer, at intervals not exceeding fifteen days, of the work under his charge. A full daily journal will be kept by each observer. Great care will be taken as to the character of the record upon this journal, which should be clear and explicit. The position of the station in reference to surrounding natural objects should be clearly described, and imperishable meridian-marks firmly planted. When possible, a special survey and plat will be made. 11 82 * The day following- an exchange of the chronographic record of time and exchange- signals, said signals will be carefully copied into a record-book, which, like all other records, must be made in duplicate. It is intended that computations in the field shall be carried on to such an extent as circumstances may permit. The time that can be allotted to each of these stations, in order to accomplish the expected results for the season, is from twenty to twenty-five nights; and as observa- tions are required only for eleven nights, the remaining- interval should be employed in computation. The order of sequence for an astronomical report is furnished herewith, and the records and journal will be so kept as to comprise all the data necessary for the full expression of results in accordance therewith. Official : GEO. M. WHEELER, First Lieutenant Corps of Ei/f/htrrr*, hi U.S. Engireer dept. Report. .'...I.' U5A5