UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA. FROM THE LIBRARY OF WILLIAM M. PIERSON. GIFT OF MRS. PIERSON AND L. H. PIERSON. No. THE STAR-GUIDE THE STAR-GUIDE A LIST OF THE MOST REMARKABLE CELESTIAL OBJECTS VISIBLE WITH SMALL TELESCOPES WITH THEIR POSITIONS FOR EVERY TENTH DAY IN THE YEAR AND OTHER ASTRONOMICAL INFORMATION BY LATIMER CLARK, FR.A.S. AND HERBERT SADLER, F.R.A.S. OF THE UNIVERSITY or LONDON MACMILLAN AND CO 1886 PRINTED BY SPOTTISWOODE AND CO., NEW-STREET SQUARE LONDON INTRODUCTION. THE first portion of this little work is intended primarily to serve as an introduction to the sidereal portion of 'Celestial Objects for Common Telescopes,' the well-known work of the late deeply regretted Prebendary Webb, and is designed for the use of those who possess small telescopes of from two to four inches aperture and upwards, by reminding them what objects to look for at each period of the year, and where to look for them. Many amateurs who are just commencing the study of Astronomy experience some difficulty in the selection of those objects, out of the countless number in the heavens, which are best suited for observation with small telescopes, and are apt to strain their eyes and waste their time in fruitless endeavours to catch faint nebulae or to separate difficult double stars, which can only really be observed with much larger tele- scopes than most beginners usually possess. It is hoped, therefore, that to such, a carefully selected list, on a definite plan, excluding all objects which are beyond the grasp of small telescopes, and in- cluding nearly all those which can be profitably examined with instruments of from two to three inches of aperture, may be of use. With this view a list of nearly six hundred of the most interesting and beautiful objects visible in the northern heavens with instru- ments of this description, has been arranged in a tabular form in order of Right Ascension, which the authors hope will be found to contain nearly every double star between the North Pole and 1 5 South Declination, which can be seen easily with an achromatic of small aperture. The positions and times of transit are given for each tenth day in the year. With very few exceptions no double star 06? vi Introduction. has been inserted the brightest component of which falls below the seventh magnitude the magnitude of the smallest of the satellites of Jupiter or the fainter of which is not brighter than a tenth mag- nitude star, or any pairs which are too close to be conveniently seen in a telescope of small size. No red star has been included the colour of which cannot be seen, or any nebula or cluster which cannot conveniently be observed with such an instrument. In the first column of the following list of objects visible with small telescopes the name of the star is given ; all those to which Bayer assigned a Greek letter, or those numbered and catalogued by Flamsteed, Bode, or Piazzi, being designated by such letter or number. Flamsteed's numbers precede the name of the constella- tion to which they refer, e.g. 77 Pegasi ; but as all Bayer's lettered stars have also numbers assigned to them by Flamsteed, the latter have been omitted. Piazzi's are numbered according to the hour of Right Ascension in which they happened to fall in the year 1800, e.g. P. iii. 98 (Eridani) ; while Bode's numbers follow the name of the constellation, as Coronae I. In one or two cases the star has been entered according to its number in the catalogue published by the British Association, as B. A. C. 352 (Andromedae). In order to avoid all unnecessary technicalities, where a star, either from its comparative faintness or for some other reason, has failed to receive a Greek letter or one of Flamsteed's or Piazzi's numbers, it has been entered simply as a red star or pair in such and such a con- stellation. Thus the seventh object in the list is entered as ' Pair in Cassiopeia/ with a Right Ascension of 23* 55'5 m , and a North Declination of 59 43'. The principal star of this pair is known to astronomers as A.Oep 26,287 ( or O. Arg. N. 26,287), meaning that it is number 26,287 in a catalogue of stars between 45 and 80 North Declination, whose places were determined by Argelander, and that the catalogue was edited by Oeltzen, in the third series of the Annals of the Vienna Observatory, from which we have deduced its apparent place in the list for January 1886. Asa/ta/> it is termed OSS (or OS 2 ) 254, which refers to its number, 254, in a catalogue of double stars observed by O. Struve. Such details, however, are out of place in a list like the present. In the same manner nebulae Introduction. vii and clusters have been entered as ' Cluster in Cepheus/ ' Nebula in Cetus,' &c., without giving their numbers in the catalogues of Messier, Sir W., or Sir J. Herschel. The second column is headed ' Visible/ and is simply intended to show observers at a glance during what months of the year the several objects in the lists may be most conveniently observed. The third and fourth columns contain the Right Ascension and Declination of the objects, given to the nearest tenth of a minute of time in Right Ascension and the nearest minute of arc in De- clination, and reduced to January I, 1886. All the star places throughout the book have been brought up to this epoch. The next four columns contain the sidereal time at 9 P.M. on the 1st, nth, 2 ist, and last day of every month, and the mean time of transit at Greenwich of every object on those days. Thus the list for each month includes nearly fifty objects which pass the meridian at convenient hours for observation. The observer, how- ever, is by no means confined to the list for each month alone, or to the southern part of the heavens. He may often desire to examine objects in the eastern skies, which may be found, not in the list for the month, but in the lists for the next following month ; or he may desire to observe western stars, which will be found in the preceding months. These lists should, therefore, constantly be referred to. The stars transit every day 3 m 5 5 "9 I s (or say 4 minutes) earlier than on the preceding day. A star which souths at ten to-night must, therefore, have southed two hours later a month ago, and will south two hours earlier a month hence. Remember- ing this, and looking at the position of the star, we can easily judge which list to consult. Suppose that on October 20 we desire to observe certain stars in the western heavens. We know from their position that they will be found in the list of stars some two or three months before; we therefore search the July and August lists, and adding, say, 31 days for August, 30 for September, and 20 for October, we find the interval since July 31, to be 8 1 days. Allowing 3 56 s per diem for acceleration, 1 we get 5 h i8 m to be subtracted from the times given on July 31, and 1 For the convenience of reckoning a table of these accelerations will be found at page 26. viii Introduction. this will give us the time of southing of all the stars in the July list which are still visible to us. Similarly, for eastern skies, we know that the stars will south at convenient hours some two or three months hence, and will be found probably in the January list We count, therefore, 72 days to January I, and adding 4 h 43 ml to any of the stars in that list, we get their time of southing this evening. Before observing it is convenient to take out these times from the table, and to write them (in an abbreviated form) on a card. Thus for October 20 we have List of Stars Interval in Days Time to be SUBTRACTED List of Stars Interval in Days Time to be ADDED July 31 August 31 . September 30 8l 50 20 h. m. 5 '8 3 17 I 19 November I . December I . January I II 41 72 h. m. o 43 2 4 I 4 43 We are now in a position to find instantly the time of transit of any object in any of the lists from July to January. In making these notes the observer of course includes at the same time the correction (if necessary) due to his difference in longitude. If his station be westward of Greenwich, he must subtract the cor- rection from the left hand column and add it to the right, and vice versa. The next, or ninth, column contains the distances of the double stars, measured from centre to centre of the stars, and expressed in seconds and tenths of a second of arc. The succeeding column contains the position angle, or the angle of inclination to the meridian, of the smaller star as referred to the larger one of the pair. The following diagram, in which the arrow indicates the direction of motion through the field, will serve to explain the method of expressing position angles at present adopted. Up to about 1820, it was usual to reckon by quadrants, i.e. ionf answered to 80 in our present mode of reckoning, iosfto 100, iosp to 260, and ionp to 280. It is, perhaps, as well to remind observers that the present mode of reckoning position angles is not that used in the prediction of occultations in the ' Nautical Almanac,' 1 For the convenience of reckoning a table of these accelerations will be found at page 26. Introduction. ix where the initial point is taken at the top, or south, and the angles are reckoned round towards the right hand in the direction of the revolution of the hands of a watch, 180 being at the north, or bottom. Great care has been taken in the selection of the measures in columns nine and ten, and the latest and best ones published up to the end of November 1885 have been given where possible. In the cases of binaries of quick revolution and stars with large proper motion, the position angles and distances have usually been roughly computed for the season in 1886 at which they appear in the lists where no very recent measures could be obtained of them by practised observers. The eleventh column contains the magnitudes of the stars. In view of the great and, to beginners, most perplexing differences in the values assigned to the same star in the scales used by different astronomers, it has been thought well to adhere to one scale throughout the book, and for this purpose W. Struve's has been selected, as it is the one almost universally used by the great double star observers on the Continent and in America. The well- known English observer, Admiral Smyth, used a scale of his own, nearly agreeing with Sir John Herschel's, for the faint stars, and for the brighter he usually adopted the magnitudes assigned to the stars by Piazzi in his Palermo catalogue, estimating the magnitude of the Introduction. fainter component by a comparison of its light with that of the larger star, as given by Piazzi ; but where Piazzi gives both components of a double star Smyth usually adopted his magnitude of both. The following little table, which is copied from one in the English Mechanic for March 24, 1882, is the result of a direct collation of Smyth's magnitudes with Struve's, the magnitudes in Smyth above 9*5 being generally assumed from Piazzi, when the stars are found in the catalogue of that astronomer : Smyth Mag. Struve Mag. Smyth Mag. Struve Mag. 9'5 = 878 13 10-65 IO = 9-18 14 = 10-36' II = lO'IO I e"| 12 = 10-17 I6/ 10-99 The following comparison by Sir John Herschel of his own magnitudes with those of Struve is copied from his table in vol. 38 of the ' Memoirs of the Royal Astronomical Society.' It must, how- ever, be only considered to apply to his earliest catalogues of double stars, as he himself observes that the magnitudes in his later cata- logues show a tendency to creep up in the scale, i.e. a I9th or 2Oth magnitude in his first catalogue would probably only be rated as a 1 6th in his sixth catalogue ; and it will be found that a star called by him a 2Oth magnitude in his later observations corresponds more nearly with 13*0 than 12*0 in Struve's 2 scale. The magni- tudes down to the seventh are fairly accordant. H, s. H. 2 H. s, Mag. Mag. Mag. Mag. Mag. Mag. 8 = 7-30 "'5 m 9-60 15 = IO-87 8'5 = 770 12 = 9-80 16 = 11-13 9 = 8-10 12-5 = lO'OO 17 = 11-38 9*5 = 8-50 13 = 10-18 18 = 11-61 IO = 8-80 U'S = 10-36 19 = 11-82 10-5 = 9-10 14 = iQ'54 20 = I2-OO ii = 9-30 14-5 = 10-71 1 See * English Mechanic ' supra. 2 W. Struve's name is usually conventionally expressed by the Greek capital letter 2, and his son's, O. Struve, the present director of the Imperial Russian Observatory at Pulkova, by O2, Introduction. xi In the present work the magnitudes of many of the brighter stars have been inserted from the Oxford photometrical determi- nations in vol. 47 of the ' Memoirs of the Royal Astronomical Society,' 1 and the others have been taken from the great work of the late Baron Dembowski, ' Misure Micrometriche di Stelle Doppie e Multiple,' which has lately been edited by Schiaparelli and O. Struve, in nearly every case where the stars are to be found in that work. In other cases they have been taken from the micro- metrical observations of Mr. Burnham. The magnitudes of the red stars have been taken from Birmingham's 'Red Star Catalogue' and other sources. In the case of clusters the magnitudes of the brightest and faintest stars in each cluster have been set down. In the last column are inserted the colours of the stars, which in the case of the double stars have been almost always taken from Dembowski. The discordances in the colours assigned by different astronomers to various stars, even where their observations have been made at the same epoch, are so very marked, that it has been thought advisable that these determinations should rest as far as possible on the authority of one observer only. This column con- tains also a few brief remarks on the character of some of the objects, which are supplemented in certain cases of interest by con- cise notes at the foot of each page. A considerable margin has been left for the observer's own notes. A list of about two hundred objects which can be seen with refractors of from four to seven inches aperture, has been added for the convenience of those amateurs who may possess telescopes of this size. A certain pro- portion only are visible, of course, with but four inches of aperture, but all should be seen with seven. Considerable care has been taken in the selection of the most interesting and beautiful objects within the grasp of telescopes of this size for the list, which is arranged in substantially the same way as the preceding one ; the times of transit and the column containing the colours and remarks have, however, been omitted. 1 The Uranometria Nova Oxoniensis was published too late to enable us to make use of the determinations of magnitude which it contains. xii Introduction. Test Objects. The list of test-objects contains two hundred and fifty stars, which have been selected as tests of the quality of refracting tele- scopes of from two to seven inches aperture. The stars have been divided into three kinds of tests, viz. dividing tests, defining tests, and space- penetrating tests. Twelve double stars have been ar- ranged, in descending order of difficulty, as tests of the separating power of telescopes of the aperture given. The first star of these twelve should be easily separated with the aperture employed, as high a magnifying power as the telescope and the air will bear being used, while the last three or four stars will be found to be just at the limit of the separating power of the aperture, this being expressed A.'$6 f/ by the fraction ^ 1 These are followed by a list of six pairs a arranged in the same order, which are intended to serve as tests of the defining power of the telescope, its freedom from spherical aberration, and of the perfection of its figure ; each pair consisting of a bright star and a faint and comparatively close companion. The last twelve stars (arranged, as the others, approximately in order of difficulty) are designed to serve as tests of the light-grasping power of the instru- ment and the acuteness of the observer's eye. The list of the radiant points of some of the most marked showers of shooting stars gives the date of each shower, the Right Ascension and Declination of the radiant point, and the Greenwich mean time of its rising and southing. Lunar Craters. The lists of the approximate longitudes and latitudes of over one hundred lunar craters, arranged alphabetically and in order of longitude, beginning at the western limb, is intended to facilitate the employment of the table giving the position of the Lunar 1 Dawes, Memoirs of the Royal Astronomical Society > vol. xxxv. p. 158. Dallmeyer preferred L_33_. a aperture of telescope in inches. Introduction. xiii Terminator at midnight on each day of the year. The number in ( ) immediately following the name of each formation refers to the corresponding number on the map of the moon, in the fourth edition of ' Celestial Objects for Common Telescopes,' the numbers enclosed in [ ] denoting formations near those bearing the number assigned to them by Mr. Webb. The figures i, ii, iii, iv refer to the quadrant in which the crater is situated. The table giving the position of the Lunar Terminator at mid- night for every night in the year gives the selenographical longitude of the point where the terminator (or boundary between light and darkness) crosses the moon's equator (which it does nearly at right angles) at that time. As the terminator moves towards the east at the rate of 3O'5' (approximately) per hour, 1 we can easily find its position at any other time ; e.g. by the table we find the longitude of the terminator at midnight on March 8, 1886, to be 49 26' west longitude, and we wish to ascertain what will its position be at 8 A.M. the next morning (March 9) ? Subtracting 4V (30-5' x 8), as the terminator moves towards the east, we find the longitude of the terminator at 8 in the morning on March 9 is 45 22' west. In the same way we wish to know when the crater Linne will be on the terminator in January 1886. Turning to the alphabetical table of the longitudes and latitudes of the craters, we find the longitude of Linne to be 1 1 33' west, and we find by the tables giving the position of the Lunar Terminator that the moon's terminator was in 10 44' west at midnight on January u ; the difference is o 49' west, or the time of sunrise on Linne will be about io b 22 m P.M. (that is, 12 hours less 49 x 2 min.) Similarly, we find that the longitude of the evening terminator at midnight on January 26 was 8 9', differing 3 24' from that of Linne, so that sunset on Linne will take place about 5 h 20 P.M. on that evening. Conversely, we observe that the longitude of the evening terminator at midnight on February u, 1886, is given in the tables at 6 15' east, and on referring to the list of craters arranged in order of longitude, we find Mosting, Moretus, and Archimedes A to be near the terminator at that time, being numbers 211, 262, and a 1 Roughly speaking, i for two hours, or i' for two minutes, xiv Introduction. crater very near 120 on Webb's map. On referring to that map, and drawing an imaginary line through these craters, we are enabled to see what other formations are on the terminator about that hour. Variable Stars, &c. A list of the maxima and minima of twelve remarkable variable stars, with their places, and a table showing the observable helio- centric maxima of Algol and of the somewhat similar variable star S Librae for 1886, will, it is hoped, be found of use to those amateurs who are interested in the study of such phenomena. A short account of the periodical comets expected in 1886 and of those which, though discovered in 1885, pass their perihelia in 1886, closes the work. Precession of the Equinoxes. Owing to precession, the apparent places of the stars alter continually from year to year, both in Right Ascension and in Declination ; the change is fortunately very small, and may generally be neglected, as even after several years it is seldom sufficient to prevent a star being found in the field of the telescope. Its amount varies in different parts of the heavens, and the formulae for its computation are somewhat complex, but the tables given below will enable the observer to correct the places of the stars for this quantity without any very serious error, except in the case of circum-polar stars. The precession of the Equinoxes is caused by a slow gyratory or twisting motion of the pole of the earth round the pole of the Ecliptic, resembling the movement of a spinning top just before it is going to fall. One twist of the axis occupies about 25,700 years, and during this time it carries the position of the vernal Equinox or first point of Aries backwards completely round the Ecliptic, in a direction contrary to the apparent motion of the sun, thereby continually increasing the apparent Right Ascension of all the heavenly bodies, and also affecting their Declinations ; the effect Introduction. xv on our reckoning of time is the same as if we had gained one day in 25,700 years, or -^-^ of a day per annum. This amounts to about 3' i seconds, which is about the annual amount of precession for stars near the Equator. The effect of precession in Right Ascension is always additive (except in the case of a few stars very near the poles of the Ecliptic). Its amount varies with the Declination of the stars and with their Right Ascension, and is roughly given in the following table : Annual Value of Precession in Right Ascension. Declination From o h to 6 11 Right Ascension From 6 11 to i2 h Right Ascension From i2 h to i8 h Right Ascension From i8 h to 24 h Right Ascension 20 South Equator 20 North 40 North 50 North 60 North 3*'i decreasing to 2'6 3'i sees. 3*' i increasing to 3*"6 3 9 *i increasing to 4*'2 3*'i increasing to 4*'j 3 s " i increasing to 5*4 2*'6 increasing to 3*'! 3'i sees. 3*'6 decreasing to 3''! 4 S< 2 decreasing to 3*'! 4 S *7 decreasing to 3*'i 5 S '4 decreasing to 3*'! 3 s 'i increasing to 3*6 3'i sees. 3'i decreasing to 2 S '6 3*'i decreasing to i*'9 3' 'i decreasing to i*'5 3 >- i decreasing to o"'8 3*'6 decreasing to 3'i 3*1 sees. 2 S '6 increasing to 3 s 'i i*'9 increasing to 3**! I s "5 increasing to 3 'i o'8 increasing to 3 s 'i The precession in Declination is additive from 18 hours Right Ascension to 6 hours, and subtractive from 6 hours to 18 hours. It attains its maximum, about 20 seconds of arc per annum, with objects situated at 12 hours Right Ascension and 24 hours Right Ascension, and falls to a minimum of zero at 6 hours and 18 hours. The following table will give an idea of the change produced by it, but Annual Value of Precession in Declination. Right Ascension Annual Precession Right Ascension Annual Precession h. m. h. m. h. m. h. m. o o and 24 o + 20-0 12 o and 12 o 2O'O 10 23 o I9-4 13 o ii o 19-4 2O 22 O 17-4 14 o 10 o I7-4 2 30 22 30 I5-9 14 30 9 30 I5-9 30 21 14-2 15 o 90 14-2 3 30 20 30 I2'2 15 30 8 30 I2'2 40 20 o IO'O 16 o 80 lO'O 4 30 19 30 77 16 30 7 30 77 50 19 o 5'2 17 o 70 5-2 5 30 18 30 2-6 17 30 6 30 2-6 60 18 o O'O 18 o 60 o-o it must be remembered that the table refers to stars with North Declination, and that an addition to the Declination of a northern star corresponds to a subtraction from that of a southern star, and xvi Introduction. vice versa. It will be observed that at the utmost it can only change the declination of any object by 20" per annum, so that by the year 1892 the change will only have amounted to 2', or about three times the apparent diameter of Jupiter when at opposition. Future Use of the Tables. The times of transit of all the objects in this book are given for the year 1886, but by a very simple addition they are equally available for all succeeding years. We have only to add one minute for every year, except at leap-years, when we make a deduction. For example : 1887. Add I minute to the times given. 1888. Add 2 minutes before February 28 ; after that date deduct 2 minutes. 1889. Deduct r minute. 1890. Add o minute. 1891. Add i minute. It will be perceived that, although for convenience we abruptly add i minute on January I, the gain is really a continuous one throughout the four years preceding the leap-year. At leap-year we suddenly lose this 4 minutes (or rather 3 56 s ) owing to the introduction of February 29. It was originally intended that this work should be published in an annual form under the name of ' Clark's Star Guide,' as a companion volume to Mr. Latimer Clark's annual Transit Tables. As the work progressed it was found difficult to condense the matter satisfactorily into so small a page, and it was therefore thought preferable to issue it in the present more permanent form. The tables giving the daily position of the Lunar Terminator and other matters will be continued in future editions of Clark's Transit Tables. A LIST OF THE MOST REMARKABLE CELESTIAL OBJECTS VISIBLE WITH SMALL TELESCOPES. JANUARY COLOURS AND REMARKS Orange, sky blue (i). Deep yellow, turquoise. Binary. 6' diam. Triangular-shaped (2). Red. White, bluish. Colours vary. Greenish white, blue. Ruby, deep bhie. 7*0 variable. Yellow, olive. Binary (3). White, deep blue (4). Pale rose, blue. 2*4 variable ? Hazy 5^ mag. star to naked eye Yellow, rose. Binary (6). [(5). Both golden. Binary (7). White, pale lilac. White, pale rose. 4^2 variable. White, deep red. 40' by 12*. Faint (8). Fine field. Several pairs (9). Both white (10). Green, ashy green. Golden, ultramarine (n). Golden, blue. Visible to naked eye (12). Yellowish white, deep blue (13). D eight times greater than that of tke ^xe Earth from the Sun. e field, north, ceding and 40.' north of this* "36. ord-handle ' of Peisens. * in ^ i ^ a P 1 P ef ON ^ ^ in in M IN p o B 3-5 6 " C Filial & ^ / r^oo~'c^'o"^''"j5 ri e m vo o in co M ^ n in H VO ON M vo m H N co co *j- 2 2s 00 IN H 01 CO t ^^S 2^ W 1! * ^i ^ e? c? c? c? IN "w 53 5 TTTTf "B S w ss si " ^ > l|l| o bi) bi) bi) d OJ -3 s 3 Q < < < Q ^^^^8 < < < $ o c5 bi *j bb > rt" S g c^ M'i g .1* % ** -J8 fr 1 |H J2 >. _o % s . 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S 1 1 1 *|81 * 1 11 1 g g ' s s *s 1 sis lll&j = SJS= 2 "5 i -5 Sg S * " I "S % a ^s i I || lO rt OX 3 C FEBRUARY COLOURS AND REMARKS 45' by 15' in a 3 inch (t). Yellow, rose (i). Copper red. Brilliant group, surrounding . Fan-shaped. Contains a red star White, yellow. [(a). Orange, turquoise. Golden, deep green. Deep yellow, yellow. Golden, ultramarine (i). White, pale rose. Pair n. p. Yellow, sapphire (3). Contain several red stars (i). Reddish, blue. Max. Jan. 5 (4). Visible to naked eye. 15' diam. Round, faint ; 9 m. star at 130 : 2'. Golden, blue (5). White. White, ash. White, ashy blue. Orange red, blue. Red, deep blue (6). Fine orange. White, blue (7). 1 1 i 1 a 1 g 1 o co P . N P .<* . H ."^ y> co ^ Q P . . vp p to JS 3 r S 1 1 +S' X> ON o M e; M (> & |g o!, ' o- d * rf O* tx ^ to .2 co ^ ^ 10 vO ^0 10 vb 10 ^ t tx vo vo vo vo vo 'e cL 1! l 1 g 1 1 i 00 ^ 00 M | co en \o cr. vO O\ , CO VO CO | CO II O CO 00 i Si's * ^CO^ | " es 2 s| J'S * <* 85 JS tx vN CO CO O O vO IO H M M CO CO CO CO CO H CO 00 O CO CO CO 'f CO CO CO CO CO M ro O Ov^ * rf * -^ rj- tx O CO vo p "i- O Jill. > -e o S r 'S'l'g Bo Jj w _c in H M S^colo ^ 8 cofc* 2 2 rf H tovo vo vo vO > .eve ^ H E3-$3?c? ^^^^ N O rx C ^ vo M M N 0) ^^^^ s c^^-^to^ ^ rf P 3 o rO C ^ z &*i 13 P to en w co H rj- M o 1 .$% ^^^q-5- O M Tf W VO SO M VO P4 CO + 1 + + + to co 10 ro co M 00 (N VO CO 8- + 1 + + + 00 vO H O CO tO CO w to 00 O 00 u-) PI IO to CO VO IN + + + + + Mf 1? Jd v~ n CO H ON O O\ M O tx CO O\ H O\ vO tx CO rj- H CO ON CO to ON H .s|^ <; 04 g I VO to c 1 m * O \O CO CO O\ W CO Tj- ^ T*- VO Tj- v) H CO SloS.^ 3%%$ -0^2^ Ijbll s | f 1 fe s (n s (Mil Illll 1 1 1 1 1 8 cS fe | S ^s^s U l 1. l U )J iJ U iJ mis I 1 1 M 1 3 al ftltl !^| ^>JS ft lllf > bpbphflP < < S -a s "2*< f ! tx p w \O 00 Cx 0% ." -^ P m rx pv H P vO \O O Cx g o" cn oo oo 10 00 M vp JO Vx M vb vb io o" 1 o" cf >o IO O O ON tx w Vx * * ON 00 ^ Cx O 00 tx t^vo .^00 P ? f *., \O O ID vO 10 ^- vO ij- M tx Vi V "m CO vO vQ m to ^ |j ^v 1} . . IO "^ 0| 1 M - UsS'as M . O\ IO | S^Ov ff M ? O i O i M H l"i 9 r 1 Irk 2-2 poo o-~ ffe* A 5 2| , K 5 . .^ 5| 1 ^^^ p op

s 3: ' ' R ^ OO vp ^ i ^ rs "1 tig 8 *oS of u w m S dS's^g- 81 j2 tv 10 to 10 vO ^f ON 00 CO w cn VO vO vO vO VQ 10 00 N 10 vO m ^- io io io vO vO vO vO vO 25^^^ e?5 vO tx tx tx tx ^S,^ 00 c? tx tx CO 00 00 3 0. Mb 2 H.S M r bo vb >-~ ffStU-lS g'C g3 )_ H N g - tx 10 ro (^ ^ CO^S^ " m ?8 S S? vO Tf 00 vO on m io tx O N 10 H M M en on ""> sJJlJ < Kx 10 O OO c co "tf- * M 10 Ov O O M N M CD rf S-SS" N VO * 00 VO M M en ^ ^^^ ?a tx IX 00 00 00 00 00 J!.S H E^- 2" 8 * w w N m m - 3; ^ ~2S o ell* I 2 ZZ t o 1 g^^^S + + + + co OvO ^^^co^ 1 + + + 1 O oo en oo M TJ- IO N 00 10 O ^ on 1 + 1 + 1 O Ov "-" W ON ^- en en M w N ctcnct^ tx t^. 1-1 OO >* io io ^ en * vO * en O O Tf 04 M o c w-o J" J3 **. U C *-* rsj== *t& < ^' . 10 .* vp .<* | H ^^^ M 10 on vp p OO (M \O C tx en o 10 00 00 tx O\ M O OO O N CJ N M ON 00 00 Ov en o * M on TJ- TJ- M p JO w Tf en vb oo o vO vO vO vO vO *s|ffi *-<: M S *> a c a J? S o S ts . > Jj J J j | S S S 1 1 1 1 1 ts s s fc Z Z Il||l 1 i 1 1. 1 to s o y Q Z O Z S ci S jg {j g s^ss s 1. i 1. 1. 1 u o 8 Q Z Q C 3 Illll 1 1 1 i 1 8* 5 5 5 g Q Z Z Z Q S. i a S ^ fftfl Illll Jr'-S ft 'S &l.9ii y J^ CO Ui iil^l stow ^S-"g.3 g irs .*! Jsllil H a* O fe. M S <; Z Sidereal time at 9 P.M. Cluster in Perseus Pair in Taurus . x Tauri T Tauri 55 Eridani . P. iv. 255-7 Tauri . 1 1-12 Camelopardi Pair in Auriga* t Leporis * . ^ Orionis (/?/*/) . Cluster in Auriga 5 Orionis A Orionis 0' J Orionis and Nebula (T Orionis * . ^ P. v. 214 Tauri ( 'luster in Auriga Cluster in Gemini Pair in Orion . n Monocerotis . Cluster in Monocero 56 Aurigee ( luster in Canis Maj Geminorum . (i) Also called 26 (Bode) Or ( 2) A very red 6 mag. (varia (3) See Jan. list ; ?'8 maj;. i ( 4 ) A Co8: 188" 8: 7 '6 r fish s mouth in the Gr brightest star of the '1 MARCH COLOURS AND REMARKS Radiated, io' diam. (i). White, Fine field. White, blue. Fine field. White, ashy yellow. White, reddish yellow. White, deep green. White, yellow. Yellow, blue. Deep yellow, blue (2). !*& 3 5*^3 tg ^ to o K 1 1 1 1 | Double nebula, 7' diam. (6). Topaz, blue (7). White, ashy (8). Golden, lilac (9). White, greenish white. "cT M M *- ill 2 o -o - 6 ^53 M g 5 is 2 ? E fi ^ ^ ft paene rosei ; ' several pairs near, tion. ern portion. to O Cx IO O tx (M 10 vO ^ H Cx ON tx d O 10 00 tx P t S ixoo lo Cx tx tx 00 00 VOVO ( M tx . CO VO VO Cx O Cx Cx VO 2 n ' }O CO O vo O O co O co ' O* 00 W H? vo o' 4 10 - .yaw VO vO vo * ^ vO vo tx T}- IO IO 00 CO M IO Tj- VO vo to VO ' . "6 A" it . - M O CO ?**S* & | | 3- H ' ' M 158*8 , HI VO - 1 VO vo IO 1 || CJ C "* (/! VO ON <* 0) O H CO 00 H Cx TT tx Q\ ^ O^ 10 CO ' 2--TDOO oS 5 1 1 ON 00 O CO VO O HI co^ 1 1 S 1 V tx co ON I ts> IH H | Cx \O CO | 4| |||| ri e fc s 3. g. ^ H CO O 00 ON IO IO HI H M S 1 f j Q .. OO CO OJ O vO Cx tx N Tf IO N N "tf- '*' ON CO H ON VO co vo Tl- O M to CO IO H Tf VO N CO + + + + 1 O CO rj- ON 0) Tj- CO 10 txOO.^- tx is. oo B | HI HI H H Tj- VO M tX CO ON T}* vo HI tx to 10 CJO M *O tx 00 \o tx oo a\ H M (N IN (N ON O O tx *O Cx TT vp JO OO M 00 vO tx CO Tj- to IO O o" 1 43 Tf rj- ^ rf- VO VO VO vo VO Visible ^ rt c3 t3 S o S S iii^l S, Q Q O Q > > > o 3J O O O v Q Q rt rt O. rt Q^ 1 1 1 ! 1 cj 6 > o cj OJ Qj O QJ OJ Q Q Z Q Q tl.il 1. cj o o d o 0) O 1 .S c o jf jj C U ^ .^ 3 . 05 i . ici H U U k. U % fe Sidereal time at 9 P. M Cluster in Perseus Pair in Perseus Tauri . . Tauri Tauri Pair in Orion . iv. 278 Orionis . Pair in Camelopard Orionis * . , Orionis . . Tauri Nebula ia Taurus Cluster in Auriga Orionis . . , Nebulae in Orion * Orionis (Betelgeux} . Aurigae . Monocerotis . Geminorum . Red star in Auriga . Canis Majoris . Geminorum . vi. 301 Lyncis . Cluster in Monocero rt ri o o Common proper motion. Messier i, the so-called An 8*2 mag. at io2'8 : < Wispy, with two nuclei, (M * S a; a c?" . M CO O e rj- Cl "* ^CU ?3 ^^^2^- MARCH COLOURS AND REMARKS I^arge scattered cluster (i). Yellow, turquoise. Orange, reddish purple (2). Grnish. yellow, grnish. yellow (2). Faint. 12' diam. Yellowish white, blue (4). Visible to naked eye. 30' diam. Both white. 20' by 12' (5). VO, U . - C X __r O _e cd +2 ^j o rr t. o i> w > O 05 05 Q Contains about 50 large stars. Deep yellow, ashy blue. Binary. Pale red. White, ashy blue. White, bluish. Pale red, pale green. A var. Orange, deep blue. Reddish white, blue (8). Reddish, pale blue. Milky white. 3' by i'. irection of 99, is a close pair ; 7'o, ignitude star at 58 : i"'o (i886'o). : revolves round the common centre V ON xo O O 00 ON V 1 vo K^ K' P~ CO >O CO P 10 tx 2 oo to'b O ON p\ 10 H xo to p co to p VO OO vO OO Cx oo" p" p" p" co rf co 01 T'txjovb W ^ CO V tx XO CO XO 'ON ON ON 00 . of P y> ' xo CO NO 1 a 3 | ^PssS -M . c >.0 4J hBM"rt i! i i Hs> 1*1 1 c^ ^NS M HI 01 111*5 3K*Jl Il4f!| .riStS'* if H VO 00 i ail i CO ^ }0 00 ON 00 XO vb Vf IH tx Tj- ON CO PN>P | CO | to CO P ON O < cnoS 3 1 3 3!!^ f-Sl4 J i| H m S" tx CO tx lO M CO CO CO TT tO Kft -? ON H T}- T tx tX Tj- CX XO HI XO 01 CO Tj- S ^5 bi-c ^ 1 M H N E 10 H HI o) co ,$? ^8 oTo?^ xo ON 00 H 01 o co to ON ON ON ON O 00 *^OO ^ 'Xo 'tXa H e M ^ o?^- 3 Tf 00 tX O HI H CO Tf H OO CO 00 00 CO 00 00 ON ON ON ON ON ON ON O O O O O O H ri eoo H to co ON s co co co -^- ** ^ tx 00 00 00 OO CO to 00 tx xo to to 0) OO 00 00 ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON O O O O SS^S HI M ^ v ^^ 5r ^ss : o S3 ! | VO HI M 00 1 M * o 1 2 g 3 cn 1 + + + H HI CO TJ- O to CO CO 0) CO M XO Tj- Tj- 01 + + 1 1 1 O 0) ON O tx, 01 HI TJ- to OO N tx CO ON H rj- 01 CS1 M +__JL 2 H? oT oT 2 00 to tx 1 + + + 1 * "i -^JJ u! .2 ca c^s v- - s $ .h .* Cancri 72, 74 P. viii. Argus P. viii. 124-6 Cancri Cluster in Cancer (Pi f Hydree* . Red star in Cancer 38 Lyncis 21 Ursse Maj. . a Hydrse . . 6 Leonis . . o (14) Leonis , g Sextantis Nebula in Sextans (i) A sapphire 6 mag. in th< (2) Two other companions 36"'o ; orange, blut (3) Binary, period very Ion 73"'3 probably forr 2io"'o may also be (4) Distance of Procyon on of the Earth from t APRIL COLOURS AND REMARKS Deep yellow, blue. Both white (i). Orange, turquoise. Yellow, turquoise. Both white. 20' diam. Whitish blue, blue (2). Both white. White, blue. Both grnish. yellow. Binary (3). Red, blue. Visible to naked eye (4). Both topaz yellow. White, olive. White, deep blue. 20' diam. White, blue. Yellow, whitish blue. Deep yellow, blue (5). Golden, deep blue. White, ashy olive. Deep yellow, deep blue. About 200 stars, 20' diam. (6). Both white. 8'o mag., also blue, at 44 : 82"'s. ian cap. CM ;* .-* CM M ^ CM CM CM xo O vo H CM fx vo XO tx CO ^ CM ag $ . 00 VO 00 00 tv. b vO JS 00 V vb 'o\ vo Cx c^ b oo c^ ON CN tx vO Q tx ' IS IS M CM VO vo vO vo 00 ^ CM ON CO p p" vo p" is CO vb xo vo xo vo 7 p" p is vo f> vo vo vo'vb Vj- &> vb -2 If 100 vO H Os 00 CO CO H H M CO ' CO CM M CM CM ' CO CO ' M CM ON O tx i 00 CO CM CO ' CO 1 1 . o ts yo os 1 ft -"8 " ps . fx O vp XO 1 Tj- xo in oo p . p co VO ON 1 O CO H CO . jovp CO VO ^ . CM 00 Vj- *O 1 - s s 8^| H XO vo vo XO vo '1 6 '^ ri N S" ON Tj- CO CO CM VO CO CO XO jj Tj- rl- Tj- Tj- %v,yy& vo vo vo vo vo O Os ON CO vo (H CO CO OS H H VO H CO ^ Tt- Tj- XO 11 ri ri d8?&fi-R S.SSS- 00 O CM xo CO R^SffS- " CM C? CO j- -* VO VO xo VO vo XO VO vo vo vo ri E Tt- CM VO XO H SSK^ ^?RS ^2^%S,K %ss*- 1 .? 1 t^s CO XO Tf- CM CO rf VO 1 + + + 1 VO CM O CM 00 M CO CO CM tv CO VO O CO CO H XO VO CM + 1 + + + CM CO ^J- VO H CO CM H CM M + 1 1 1 1 + 1 + 1 + VO CM ON CM IS 1 1 + + 1 ?! CO CO ON t>s CO vo xo OS CO VO CO CM vo tx o^ w o^ oo O VO tx ON ON * ^ i 1 "^SN M Tj- CO CO XO xo xo H H CM s-ffftsg. 00 tN 00 (N CO in M cn co %%%$$ ; 1 VO vo t^ tv ex rt >5 i 1 1 1 1 f. * CL, ^ * {i, Mill fffff Mill. * s s s s bib I | Illl ^(x ;> >< tx ^ ^ w ^ _ "> '> 3 d S > | V V (6) Binary, period 407 years. The finest pair in the northern sky. (7) In the field with a Crateris, 42 seconds of time following it. A blue star lies 66" from the scarlet one in 269, and another s.f (8) The earliest calculated binary, period 60 years and nine months. (9) Common proper motion. (10) An 8*5 mag., reddish, at 235 : 64 /; '5. * tX M (M i *- i i ~. 1 M ;* ' 00 in in w p tx 00 tx . tx tx in of p" in in vo vo ;* tx vb CO tx VO fcl . . ,. . d Tj- O 00 > p .-* .* ^ O ^O tx co oo in IN vb oo in tx tx o" in in in oo~ M ^ ^~ in in in vo in x 8 If . CO M . O O CO O IN 1 i co $"Si* n o in i as cts I fin* co ^t* ON w o W N *l , I f S. 1 1 in ON tx tx tx CO vO CO 00 CO vb vb | co ON tx 00 ot 1 l' w ' N CO tx in p oo in ON co co e c CO C< 01 ^ *$" H * vo ON CO m O CO CO MM tx tx 00 00 00 C? CO CO Tt- 00 00 CO 00 00 oo oo oo oo ON ri N E 10 M N > ^ j O tx tx tx tx M tx tx tx tx 00 00 00 00 00 00 tx M ON CO OO 10 MM oo ON ON ON ON co co tx ON ON N IN IN in ON ON ON ON ON ri ri 6 5- 5- S {^ M ^00 vo ON O Tf tx ON m in in M oi co OO 00 ON ON ON tx O 00 co o m m tx W IN IN M + + + + 1 M in oo o ON pi co co M Vg SCOM + + + + 4- ON 00 00 in vO in co vN CO ON OO tx N CO 2 kS 2 Ills! rt oj p t ctf ci 1 s Sidereal time at 9 I'.M P4 T Leonis 57 Urs< Maj.* 17 Crateris . 90 Leonis 2 Com88 Berenic 10 MAY COLOURS AND REMARKS ll i 1 ,^1 > * ~ - 3 o % 1 81=811 |1 * t .If 1 irl sj 'sa-gS, u * ,; rJS's-s 3 ^o-i | -.. lilt "-..<* f 8-S.S* Belli 1 1 7T-SJ II i.i. ^.|i| >*3_t| E^s 2 ,|:- 'S f * .2 M * > M^^jaJ'Jfi^SS J 5 * S fsil S*1|3 8III8 1 5JJ3-3 jMf.il Q o g -tola <8 o 3 p 3 S o - w >< : magnitude and colour at 18 :6"'6. aight line. 22' exactly south of this tf O M H O ^ CO si s 1 co io b V 1 1 ' V V N co 1 III Illli ill 1 1 Ilii lliil i nil i i i.TT TTTTT iTTTT TTTT? CjO-H -3^4_O*-4O *MC3o_O _Q _D_O_D^3 _D_rftbi*-5 ^^rt ScS^cS^ S^^oj'S o3a;a)fc2 ^^"S^rt 1 c? ON S * rt S * s-| A' ^ B 1* l5 ^*_ 6 S ,.?... .SS.^reg 2 -a S ) .00 hilv O o u s ONft-g-g^--* -a J S " ^ M rt-2 dOcdS ^s"^^ oo3tg !IJ:S5U .il.Hi!."=JS{l g .s s 2 g ^ 1 -s s .s i A 1 4 | -s -s -a l -a l .s S .s fcj-fl.jfl S 5 Ja .fa floi^o^ ^i-ooxj O^^T-JI., T3 'S o3 :a c3 ,3 fn '5 'J5 o fc (2 D ex HiPtxniP: ^ ( ^ ^ z HI z ex oj - 9 a,' * vg o co tx ,. op (i) 87 has a minute co (2) 7 mag. star in field (3) Moving together th (4) See April list ; a 7 mag., at 302 : 3 MAY ii jo jo p co p ."* jo p p co p jo 50 tx jo . tx 00 00 tx OOOO.txON 00 00 . \O COvOvO^vO txOOM I * ^ * ^ * < I O tx ^ O I M P p P 00 ** m to m p JO JO co co io ' o XOOOtvO * 10 . M ON.TJ-.IO vOCOtxCON . , oloOOC7\>0 Q > 1 W) Ol lOMQ iONO\Tj-O\ -^-00 M CI CO M (N'W'COHNWMIH ' * ri- tx 10 TJ- M voo io en vo oocnvoo> vo 1 s? s s *ff s k I s a a i jr ' I * -l 8 k 2- s '* i i i k >o MH txCOOOOOOO COOOONOO tx fx 00 00 00 OOOOONO^O O\ O\ O\ G\ Q\ C 00 O CMio COOOOOOOOO 00 OO\ O\O\ O\ONO\OO OOOOO OO COOsO\O\Os OOOOO OOOwH +11+ lOOtxHW MHlOiON TfCMCOtxHTl- HHIH ++++I ++I+I o\voioi-iio ooootxoo^o ^loiocnio wioio^- OOOtxiOiO tx00tx COVOIOW N(N I+++ ++ ON p\ p tx o M M MD M p p Vx Vj- m -3- *3- ir> Tf .-* p p p^i Jx p JO vp ON O\ vO 00 b o V OD o io b b> b> b w w \b ' to MM 3 3 3 3 3 i i 7?T i 7 TTTT i i j, i TT TTTTT 1 !!!!!!!!!! i ? s-ai-si - g? a S 1 1! jl iSa! -E.s Ilill 5-s t> o ft ID W >c 7o;"'2 ' is at 1 . s: 3 'SJ I ft <^<<<^ *O f**OO O S.-5 2 xr. K.-^? :i^?l ^^S'K jJri'l a li*i ^M55 skl^l H <^ 12 JUNE I w COLOURS AND REMARKS Rather faint, elongated in 79. White, blue. White, blue. Yellow, deep reddish blue (i). - Is IS CL, v >\ o 3 g-%3 . * 1 ~ V V ? . ss-s frs Yellow, blue. Golden, deep blue. Both yellow. Binary (5). White, yellow (6). 2$ diam. Like a comet. Orange, white. White, reddish blue. White, violet (7). Yellowish white. Globular cluster. Greenish white, emerald (8). Both white. Double nebula (spiral). Faint. Yellowish white, blue. White, deep blue. e, as well as the magnitudes. 97 : 7o"'9. bJo <* IN s 2 3 Z ^ 1! I 1 $ ON 1 co co ^oo tx \o oo O CO CT\ CO ^O CO H CO H l&"&8 i ON vO CO tx , T}- 00 Tj- O\ > CJ-- v .& - tr "to . '& ON co N IO K M tx H H CO W tH ^ M CO O CO '0 iiK .<2 o SJ 5 | | io X m 2$ 2 ^ 1 io co tx oo | Vt- ON 1 H W- H VO 1 tx ^=s^ S : 3-^S e tO O vo O w g co co co to to $^<3. CO 1?) M H H C?C?)^^^ tx 0) rh VO 00 O <* vo + 04 CJ ^- to H ri s8 SS, 10 ^ 2-^Jo^^ (M ON vo O in H (N (N VO H *+ IO tX a co ^- n- TJ- u^^ 10 ?} c^ ri M T}- O\ Tf VO 6 Tt- (N N 4 Tj- 3 co^^ to u C ^ c! C (3 3 3 3 3 3 TTTTT w OJ -. bi >-> >~. >- 2>< A^^ 1 1 1 1 1 (4 JJjSJ iy > cxcxcxa, < < < < &&&& & < < < < < CX O, G, D_ (X < < < < < a a ex a a < < < < < & & && 0, <<<oo ^,2 e JO " M" p" jo p jo co TT js tx M p co 7*- p p oo oo to 5 I oo 10 co co Ov co to o> V to I co en vb M co o w co I cob Ico enncso' H HCOTJ- I TJ- ,: v> tx O Tl- V, OiMVOfON \Otx,OtxO COCOtxOCO ECOOO HHCJCO COCOIOIO COCO ^lOtxOOOOOO 00 CO 00 00 CO CO 00 CO CO Cs O\^O\C\O\ -^-lO O\O\ OM\OOO iovowo\oo Hoomcoio ooocomoo MCOrJ-^- Tt-r}-ir)lo HWCJCOCO IOIO 1000000000 OOOOOOOOON O>ONO\OiO\ OvOOOO CICO OO OO\O\a>O\ OvOOOO OOOOO OOOMM ^COIOCI COdHlO ^- Cfl-l + +I+ I + I++ + + +I+ I 1 + 1+ I++I + 6 , M TJ- rj. p \p M 00 u-> tx ON tx M to M H 00 O\ 10 O CO Tj- O\ ^- u .NIOO.O JMCOCOrJ- ooo oocowooo \co MIHCOCO 1010 MMCO nil" iliff Hill asiis lasiiii c ! f 1 S rt jo I I 5 sj =f /: ii o^^S "o P rt rt g vvj-g s" ^11 51 RI Ik MliJ aiHiri 5.2 J a TJ a t* *r" tN oJi .- s ? 8 -, JULY -8 21 -is i 3 So, l liei IJI O tx^D tx vp xn 10 QVOvOCOVO * fO }0 4 JN \O *i- \O if) P .0 f txxrjvO .M }0 (N P . P^ > P txOO^OOOtx "ia 00 VO 00 00 M O P .* JO JO p CO . JO .-* JN .Tj- H '* V(i> ' 00 " w ^ ^ ^ \ovO*O^O'O -J \O lO *O W> 'O 1010*0*0*0 VO *O *O >O *O *O *O Cx tx 1-x fx Cx tx tx IN IvOlOVO^OvO \O *O *O *O *O tx tx tx tx tx, tx Cx tx tx tx 0000000000 1OVOVO>OVO txtxOOOOOO 0000000000 OOOOCNOxON tx JO .-* .^ p H 00 fx H ri- JO OOl-i\ovO ^ P }* P .<* A K P jo P . - - M ^P . M Tj-iO 00 a si i ** 1 1 n- 's .^ 9 r i ."* ?> . H fO OOOOMOOO ^O^^OH CJCOVOwO* 1OIO1/1 COCOfNOOW CDM'^- 1 ^- MMMcOfOCOCO H tHOOOOtOlO M txtxtxtxOO 0000000000 OOOOOOO\O\ O\<*<*<*O\ ggggg -OOt^MtN^ fOON EiO NOCO rj-r}- .-vOOOOOOOOO OOCOOOO\O\ O\O\O\O\Ov OOOOO OOOOO J5 > *- ) * M .-vo CO Oi O\ C\ ON O\ O> OS ON 1114- ++I+ + IN t p m p TT rh en js qo p\ fx rf p 10 w \p >p o p^ K^ . 10 00 10 C^ 11 Vx M CO 00 (J\ O en 00 \O ON en ON CO O O io io O\ MCO -i-rj-io MMCOIO XOMMMCO ^-^ T hTl-Tr ll || mil if f|l j;: v I llltfi I i" S : ''-l S" .. - Hill IM| wwooo ooza of the Earth Solar system ; Neptune from Another and at Period 218 years ; a o's mag. at 127 : ioo"'3. Period 94$ years. Distance of 70 Oph. 1,270,000 times from the Sun ; mass of the system three times that of distance between the two stars equal to that of the pl the Sun. ouble maxim and a 9'4, l ificent group of stars. In a state of change. f Vega 1,140,000 times that of the Earth from the ariable?, at 40 : iso". : 20 7 ' K 5. Several stars between. var. 3-5 to 4-5 img. in i2 d 2i h 47 m with dou um. A 9*2 mag., yellow, at 318 : 66"'o > 85" '8. A minute pair s.f. a ma istanc star, a . 1 Lyrae mini 19 : ) Tn 2) Di 3) e'- a . 4) /3 L (i) Two 8 mag. stars at 2" and i6i"and a faint one at twice the distance. Back. ground othis ack. (2 Period 122 year r aps nearly twice that. 3 Small apertures ly w a few stars sprinkled over it. 4 5p'/- a little n. 30 h., 5*0 mag., orange. 5 Period 648 year 6) Binary, very la er motion, in which a 7 mag. at 12' 10" shares. A 9 mag. at 3 from the close pair is not connected with this remark* able syste wo stars of the close pair are variable. (7) Stationary, but roper motion. 3*0 var. from 3'o to 4*0 in about three months. (8) Rectilinea 152 se pe sh of 30 O pro : 19 The mon 16 AUGUST I I H S O Mil ! s . . . nil lina mis en vo tN oocoiomcojsiotNCipis M op ts io M <0 - OV (MO O io IN V 00 VN n CO Cx CO OOvO cf H i ts ' 10 d od o" vo" vo" t^ d in p" co IN djs ef IN p" \b in w io io *b in co V n Vh vo TJ- m vo m m n * js o> >-n n n in \ovovo\ovo vo^o ts Cx 00 00 00 00 jMOOOinri- O\ O H 00 O\ ONOOOv'O^T' VO CJ\ O H w M BM^in 11 HMWcorh m MCO coco jjOOvOvOtxtx txtxtxtxtx txOOCOCOOO 00000*0^0* OVO\ONO\ON 00 CO 00 03 M ON Tj- ON ^ tv cjs ^- ON is M .* p en oo p n 10 - i*> * 'H 8* '^ ^ ^ a a s co 5- $ $ a f&^s 4 &&&&& &ft5g-& J ij J ! il $ 1 1! ! T ^ -H r- O AUGUST COLOURS AND REMARKS White, red lilac. Deep yellow, yellow (i). Bluish white, violet (2). Yellow, blue (3). Golden, blue (4). Fine ruby. White, violet. Deep yellow, turquoise. The ' umb-bell ' Neb ula. 1 Reddish yellow, green (7). White, ashy blue (8). Yellow, blue. Golden yellow, orange (9). White, blue (io). Deep yellow, lilac. Globular, 5' diam. 3^' diam. Splendid, 1 diam. Deep yellow, violet. ' ./. Binary, s has been supposed, with very large irst stars whose distance was deter- 3,000 times the distance of the Earth istant. IO M O O CO ON M O CO O tx -}- O O H d ? J 00 rt * to < _ ON tx . tx ^b o" of ' 00 ^ * 00 tx p' > p" p' p" IO tx 00 vO 00 0" M 0- 0' M "xt" vO ^O ^O *O CO M M 2 V b o ^ N J 1 =* , tx ON "i- O I O w 00 tx \O , O O i 10 M 1 CO VO , HI tx O CJ 1 ON tx <* CO ' M M M CO W M CO Cx C^ ON W i-t 0 00 00 ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON 00000 O Itifl V _c: ~" - "d" w u -A g g 8 g O ON ON ON CJ j~ ON 00 ON ON ON vO tx 10 00 -i- PI *4- ^f 10 ON ON ON ON O\ 00000 H CO tX M CO 4- 10 10 ::!"" ir s ~ < 'o' H SS^Sto ^CNO 0, CXO 10 CO vO tx tx 10 HI H ^00 ON ON ON ON 00000 M M IN (N H J tx oo no M C rj- w IN W CO J3 ON O O O O <* vo co tx co ^" ^f IH CO 00 O H HI N CM CO CO -* ON M vO O M 10 M M IN >0 IO vO vO CO * "*- ^ 10 ! K 1 PI O tx vQ M ^- CO JO 1 ^- ON 00 tx o T}- co co 1 + + + + 1 + + + SHt Cl ON 00 0) HI M HI + 1 1 1 1 CO w vO HI CO rj- 10 M HI Tt- JOCOOCO gv + + ! + + ON -i Hi tx ON + + 1 + + Q "5 O IN ON * M OO N vO vO ON -4- tx 00 T)- Tj- T^- M 00 00 00 IO IO M vO c . (Ty 2 1 IO i-i j3 00 ON ON ON !:::^ rr O w co HI HI M 01 O O O O O N O * tx OO OO H. (N C CO "* 3 y 2 ~ 'tj-ll 111,1 1 1 1 1 1 >^ >, X > 333 3 > a a a, x bb bi bi) bb 33333 < < < *** O o o O O O O Z L X I '. 1 3 3 3 pj 3 > > ^ >' >' ^p o t3 o o ttlll 33333 f j ! ^ i o\ Ii 1 11 111 i a-^ "1 ir> W 1 *"*" "V* / .3 . . fl . G S -2 '^ o w *> Do .. C ^o S S cu 1 -S o HI O .2 OB lla sit 1 si*! O o M Sidereal time at c [5 Aquilee > (Bode) Cygni n Lyree 6 Lyrsa /3 Cygni (Albirco] Red star in Sagi a Aquilse (Altair Draconis* Nebula in Vulpe Sagittse . Red star in Capi a 1 Capricorni ** s 3 "3 5 d *> 1 )** " > urtit 1 1 1 1 1 U d> w ) ) c c c c c 3 3 S 3 3 & l| 1 fliit Jt^ 3 ? " 8.2 o-" :ljM IS S * s s , . d & o o PI .& . a * IS ill / 3 m .2 -H o O till si .$ |M 1 fffll ^ o u I OOW W $ . .S .S . |i|si 1 1 1' 2 w fi ^ g Hi 4 .S c ^3 .S S il5ll ^ H] r M i | -s | f lolll fl) ^ H -! * M -< aS .H 'fl Pi 6D 3) 2 M 60 o >." y c '" f3 -2 t^*^ y^ 2 'O a; 8 VO ^ ^ ^ Jo * ^^^"^ SEPTEMBER COLOURS AND REMARKS Red, blue. Superb colours. White, olive blue. Orange, cerulean blue (i). Deep yellow, deep blue (2). ^ . .3f l|l|l fll^l - 0> -CD M 0) g >, S rt 2 | JB SII52 Large and coarse. White, deep blue. White, bluish. Fairly bright, comet-like (5). Whitish yellow, blue (6). Very red. Var. in colour and Deep yellow, blue. [mag.? Deep red orange. Topaz, blue (7). White, deep blue. gf I^RjS > c ^ 5 3 J H|a& - bo E | ^ rt ^' ! -S s ^ s Illll ry. A 7-0 mag., blue, at 56 : 208", {., and a yellow 9 mag. star at 8i" - 9 TJ- Cx 10 IO o o co ^ to to tx 10 P co M P) CO PI O N -4- t^ .1 9 s 00 tx IO O o ON CO V g V ,000 ,f 00 00 *> M "">oo- \b i> \b 4- tx ON 00 00 w" ON C^ cf Vf WD 10 iO vO t| I p p If i S I? s^l 1 ? i H i ~ i a | 28 1 M M H O\ vO lO M vO C1 00 w 00 tx CO w w PI Ls g i : : if . * 00 M tH <* co to PI O 10 p| 01 OO to CO >O M ON r. .2 o l 5 1 CO V OO IO 1 c< M CO O co PI \b b io 1 'PI " S ' ^ | >$ | CO I a I *:? CO M OO ON CO PI PJ \O CO -0 r . 11.11! e m S 00000 l-J^bl rur S" 't^o?o? H covo vO tx HI S PI co <* <* to O 00 CO rf C* M Ot P] 'j- -4- tX M \O M - tx \r> O 10 O HI CO 1- to O\ tx 00 10 10 tO IH PI CO H ' O oo oo oo co O\ ON ON ON ON 00000 00000 M M H W H B? V?* co 5-^^^?; HI co tx o to Tj- - il cJ > cJ > > u S 2> o o im |jg'l i 1 Hi 3 "3 3 3 S^ 8 1 o' KKs^K UiU 2,2,2,^2. III 3 i f I I T *,>,*, >. <^>< A * .s J55 w 55 .7 < c o E . K 1 ? c M.a v I !! -^= -s^- * 00 a H-S i-- r. w 3 '5 ,i y I i o M E < 2 Sidereal time at 9 P.M Pair in Cygnus . Pair in Aquila . Cygni Capricorni Pair in Cepheus Cygni Pair in Cepheus Cluster in Capricorn Equulei . Cluster in Cygnus Cephei Capricorni Cluster in Capricorn Cygni Red star in Aquariu Pair in Pegasus Red star in Cepheus Aquarii . xxii. 65 Lacertec Aquarii . LacertaB . Aquarii . Pair in Cepheus Pair in Cepheus A 7-0 mag., deep blue, a A blue 8's mag. at 134 : In the midstof a wonder! instruments. Follows P. xx. 325. Caj Precedes 4 1 Capr.(5'8ma N QQ - *o N ?- 10 01 i ^-c: *^>oo - K Cv2-x? ^ C 2 20 OCTOBER i UJ CQ O O COLOURS AND REMARKS li S3 .1 Is S 2 a, oj !.>* "3 . oi 'Sill gll sSffl Is* t 11 o S s ~ -c ai w " S o. J|s.j |*j| 3 ll^i |. ||1|| JIJIJ 2 ^ * * S) -T g g" r. & ^-g" S * * * g a; fltl llllj 13381 l&lffi III?! * m * o oo QOJ >J >^ > o j., is also of a fine red orange colour, iable. The colours of bright pairs . stars very slightly out of focus, so bb rt H p co pj p oj co tx co oo vo p co cj jo p cj vo vo oj p p .00 OOvb VOONOOOOH txlo'txMOO MDOOCOOtx txOOOOONOO .00.. ..." "! . .. M . ..... P| * 01 oovo HOJCOTJ-VO txtxtx'co ojocolo voooovooo io vbV VOVOVONO vboJVO'._.vb MDvbiO'vO vOvOvbvbvr) Wl-S ^ sill J i'li" &*&! S*i* '8^13: -s ? H ""0 1 c^-3 J- % .VO.ONM VOONCOOO. COVOtxM txMtx.ON TfTj-COCOrf J-l "J Q 5 CO io CO CJ vb CO 00 M V O 00 rt- 00 H 1 CJ vb Tf CJ 00 tx 01 Hiw txCOONMHCO'i- ONCJ MVO i'"ll! H w 6'OCOONO*-! MtxvovOd r)-vOCJOOON CJCJOOtxvO ON-^-txOOO Tj-^-r}- MCJCO^j- rr-4-iOiOVO HCJCO COVOVOtHOJ "Pill 01 wic s i H N dcOOJOOONO OvO^"VOM COvOWtxOO MMOOtx vo ON Th vO tx ON CJ CJ CO "^" ^" vo w OJ W d CO CO CO ^t" ^" VO HH M CO CO vo vo p j2CO^}"^"^"^t' ^"^" vo vo vo vo vo to vo vo VO IO vo vO VO vo vO VO VO vO *cj~ ^ H E'OJMtxONO OVOCOVOO COO>-ivOtx MMfx\OTh OOCOvoixOO MCJ NCOTJ-IO MMM CJOJCO^XO VOHMCOCO H jjcjvovovovo vovovovovo vOvOvOvOvO vOvovOvOvO votxtxtxtx H 6'OJHtxOOON ONVOCO^J-O OJrj-OvOtx OONOiOrh txCJlOvOOO ^-Ti-Tj-iotO VOMCJCO 1 ^- ^rrrvovovo MOJCO COVOIOMM If OJ "8, . Q T}- Tj- ON CO O vo vo vO Tt" rt* CO CJ vO vo ON^t"txONCJ txiOTj-COO ^-VOTJ-CO COMCOVOCO VOTj-MlOM ^'^it' COMVO M VOCOTTCO COvOCOMM TJ-CJMCONO COCO^OJvo rt-COCOCOTl- 1 CJCOIOVO VOHOIOOCO IxHMCOCO lOvOCJOJVO OCOTf-OvO T3 ^ 3s" i ^ICIOJCO'^- rflO MOJ OJOJCOCOCO rj-rfvo M MCOCOvovo OOOOCOOO OOOOONONON ONONONONON ONONO\OO OOOOO *HHM OIC^OJCICIOO) O VI M If m% 1 g o > > s ^ | s 11^8 o' i > o' s iii M \\\*\*\ \*\\\*\ iiTTi MM i 8 " > 33333 33334-J ^^S^S 33333 o" \ \ r. Jw ."*" IM " rt jj .'* 1 ? o a r; .. .. ... ...^. .... ......... ON c3 .-^ 2 -2 0) as ^ eS&fl fjfl Q.^jtQ0505 rt >> ^d'S^ Mo^rt r3 ^ 2 2-H i .^g -82-a^ i &! -^s as -as |lf| ,fisa| ^s s . s fi ^& S| 6 &d III 8 ^f~-^ ?5|l~ "iff !ra-! ^ ij <" '<3 ^? -^ 'S 5 rt x > e8 ^ 'c3 X X >> ^ '3 '3 '3 >> 'TO j C^PDiCL,!^ ^CL,CuCX,Ci 'O02UCL, ^sOUC- O,D-OCUg c?5 " "" ' CU ^ * CU ^ ^ ^ (X (i) A 7'5 mag., ashy blue, a (2) Cf. July list. A lo'o ra Several other minut the 'duplex debiliss (3) Another pair in field n.J OCTOBER 21 COLOURS AND REMARKS Yellow, purplish (i). White, grey (2). White, bluish (3). Deep orange (4). White, ashy green. Very large, but poor. White, bluish. Both white (5). Fine, but straggling (6). Both white. Yellow, deep blue (7). 2 ' o ' ~ 8*1 1 Q > O Fine orange red. i 3 ful 1*1 -s ^ i 3 .^ d ^^| 2-S "| .111^ ^ S rt TJ ^>0^ Copper red. Planetary, blue. White, bluish white. Golden, turquoise. Ruby, deep blue ( 10). nag. at 39 : 90" '3 ; a 6'j mag. at 38 : 236"' j, and a distant 7*5 mag. ength, followed by splendid field. (8) An 8 mag. at 140 : 48"'5. Moving. (9) Cf. January list. (10) Magnificent colours. A var. s'o-8'o mag. (?) Cf. January list. I i 2 1 _ T^- vO N N IO TJ. Cx O co O 00 CO M") tx p vp f** }O l ON tx ^ IO IO ^> U~: ^1 vb tx Cx O .* ON P" * 00 10 Vx vb P i3 ON tx ON o" oo" o p VO 00 00 tx M O OO" CO vO rj- IO vO ^t" vO W | N 1, Si M 1 1 1 CO 2^ CO N N 1 Tf V? 2 10 H M CO N i im M ^ P 00 10 Cx Tt- 1 ' m ff \ N 00 (30 VO 1 O ON rj- 00 CO vO ON 1 1 V M 00 1 1 tx 10 H E*ff S ft" OT ^^ g co * tx 00 00 cc Ov rt- O OO w CO CO 00 CO 00 00 W CO CO 1C 00 00 ON ON ON CM H * 3, a* SSJB'S 8 3- CO OO co 5-? 00 00 00 vO CC CO ^- * tx 00 ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON M " d IN 00 00 H ri S'S'S-S -8 ^ 2" 2^ 00 00 Cx CO ^O ON O* OJ CO CO CO ^ ON CO vO O W CO ON O^ O^ ON O> OO CO 00 vO CO <*- Tf IO Os ON ON ON Cx O\ M N rj- 10 10 N CO ON ON O O O (i) 4-5 is an excessively close pair, having the shortest period known among binary stars as yet, about io| years. (2) Pretty little pair 6' south. 1(3) A 7-5 mag., blue, at 340 : i9"'8. (4) Sir W. Herschel's 'garnet' star, now orange. Variable, 4-6 mag., but period not well determined. ri ^S 00 co 00 00 VO CO "^ CO ON ON ON ON C tx N 00 IO Hi W W CO O VO 00 H M CO CO CO M W H M 1 - % .1 + Cx 00 IO IO M + + + + + 1 + + 1 + + 1 1 * f) ON CO CO O 00 CO ON ON ' + 11 00 rj- vO O CO 10 10 <* CO Tl- + + 1 + + t* o XO O M 00 N CO 00 CO ON tx O vO ON CO tx ON 00 tx TJ- O CM 10 B i * C) n 33. co Th vo O O TT IO IO M O rj- N CM co.3-3 ^ IO H CO O CO CO IO M N n- n- xo c? c? c? c? c? c C) N > i ) X , June Dec. June Dec. " "' " L 1 1 I 7 O w A i 3 3 5 3 "3 fi bp _>^ Z S o n Pegasi P. xxil 219 Aquarii i 1 Aquarii . 1 15 Lacertee . . 83, 84 Aquarii 2 Cassiopeiee ^' Aquarii . P. xxiii. 69 Aquarii 22 NOVEMBER COLOURS AND REMARKS I Fine group. Yellow, deep blue. Both whitish 'yellow. Both white. 6 a i* II 6 CO Planetary, pale blue (i). Both white (2). White, deep yellow (3). Both white. Deep yellow, white. White, blue. Very fine ruby. Loose cluster, 10' diam. White, blue. Bluish white, ashy blue (4). About 50 stars in field. Golden, blue (5). Deep yellow, turquoise. White, red (6). Reddish white, deep blue. Both whitish yellow (7). Red orange. Golden, ashy. e "O X. VC / 19 NO rt 3 3 w hi) M 1 to .* P P _ ^ I -* NO* O* ON JO K NO JO ifj Vx NO 0* t^. NO ! <*00 M JO ^ 10 p NO ?o p ON vb 2 ON CJ ON to JO JO tx Tf CJ CO '>. *Tf M NO* M JO Ix. 00 Tf ff CO i r s . uJ3 e 1 ^< l . to to Tf CO* ^ 1 S& HI VO c^ 01 ffl 1 to CO I to 00 *s l s 3 rt . $ w. tx. HI vo O to o cj ON M CO 00 IO IO ON w f) 00 U ! 51 1 c? t>) H? M CJ C9 1 s N^ I 1 8^ 1 2<5 CJ Tf CO 1 N 5 ^ eg 6 S >a e e$ *&K* CJ ON 8 ct $ as; ONHtO H CJ CO HI CO HI ci CJ co co O O to Tf Tf rf Tf 111 rt c-iJ^ ^ 10 NO S e y e o rt " ^ H N i: ;;:: x NO l^ CJ CO CO Tf Tf to to O to to HI 10 K H X Tf IO to IO to to IO to to NO VO NO NO NO VO VO vo NO NO NO NO IX tx. t>. XI 1 H E$ IO NO ON OO CO Tf Tf IO vo CO ;-< $ ^ 33$ to NO l> to t^ HI M CJ cocoS HI IO Tf 10 CJ NO NO % P J O CJ Hi OO Tf CO CO HI + + + 1 VO Tf + + ON O Tf H CO Tf 1 + + CO to O NO CJ NO M CO HI O r>- to Tf CO VO M Tf VO 00 Tf to to co Tf CO Tf IO NO CJ NO Tf M (^ 1 + + + + m ^ N + + \ tx. CO Tf CO + + O CJ O ON O NO ON M IO tx CJ O NO CJ fx Tf 00 ON 00 CJ Tf O oo NO w ^ 6 | H CO CO Tf IO to N NO t>> CJ CJ CO tN 00 CO CO CO Tf oo O O oo O 00 00 CO HI M CJ Tf 00 ci co i> * CJ CJ CJ CJ X % CJ CJ CJ CJ CJ CJ CJ CJ CJ CJ CJ O CJ CJ CJ CJ CJ CJ c bo ^^ *. 1 1 S o | ll**\ n % Z 8 m > I-' O cc 1 1 1 ? I >.>>>, > *- c5 o O cS (i; (D S P P , im ! IIS Lit 0) w, turquoise. ' Queen of the Nebulae ' (4). y 6', cream colour. >w, olive blue (5). te, ashy blue, te, pale lilac, te, bluish white (6). dl A 2% ? oo" 1 ^ 1 v ^ 1 t"i b P 2 c 1 ^* Q Qi III s r= D " s .C -C J= .c s IIS II 1 00 JX. N ON HI 01 O O oo to p jo J3 bo tx tx tx 00 tx tx tx 1 ^ M 1 I tx \O tx 00 tx O C jg tx O* tx O co co" 1 CO ci ' ' * 6" HI to . P vo H. ?"* ."*" vO vO vovO VO VO rf tx vo O vO \O vo \o \o O rf to "o "^- lt CO vO HI m 1" Igl !.S CO HI CN 00 CO t-l CO S> CO Er~ 2 a II w ^"8 *| VO = | 00 O vO O 00 tx ON io CO *CJ tx 1-1 ll rf l> M a tx oo yo vo JO ON CO p *M CO CO V 0< HI ft il e M S^ot tx to O 01 CO ^ - VO^ ON JO ?"& 3-3%^ 00 OO OO CO 00 CO ON tx ON O\ ON coSi ON ON If ^ ^~t t2 be -o* g S ^ S5 jj H \o o> o \o tx tx tx tx CO OO OO OO 00 CO O tx vO VO vo 00 00 O> 2 ? ON ON ON ON O 2 2 Tl "^A e -1- ON S. ,9^ ^ W o? co CO & tx 01 oo 0^ O vO to ON ON ^- to 00 CO M HI 01 ^ - tx CO H ri 00 00 OO 00 00 OO ON ON ON ON ON ON O> ON ON 000 M . ri ^ co oo oo oo oo O CO ON 00 ON O\ ?& ON ON vO ON 01 CO ON CO Tf to vo ON ON ON ON O ^!?ol o o o 0?00) M M vO co M vo o u 4J 1 + M VO VO + 1 + 10 tx O\ IO HI 1O VO M 10 + + 4- &% ?& + + vo ON to <* O rj- -> , *->, - , *- .- >, .- lilll 1 -1* '^ s l' . s 'gs ^ c/2(SoScS c^a^E : ^ a S , -} 3S o 3 E Vfi.S c? -- % ~3 _o i Ss P p o\ ^ N b\ "P P 10 P ."* P p^ y> p oo oo 'o^ "tx OOOOOt^ OONtOOOx ONVOM^OO MiOtO N O d *O WM HW <* "^ O CO d OOdNO OCOtOOOd d^OCOHQ OOOMM OOOOCOd Tftv 10 lOCOvOOCO VOCOCOVOCO d dCOOO iOvO\O 0COvO ^ Planetary, light blue (3). Deep yellow, turquoise. Orange, blue (4). Yellow, whitish blue. Yellow, deep blue. Yellow, white. White, lilac (5). Pale ruby. | |j u rt 15 15 ^> Deep yellow, deep blue. White, sky blue (6). The Gt. Neb. and Trapezium (7). (5) A 9-5 mag. n. p. (6)8' n }/, n'southofRigel. (7) See January and February lists. "Circumsitse nebula; descriptio ' res Deo improba,'" (d'Arrest). I 1 I co m o in in (^ O w in tx tx rx m m ,tx 00 CN. 00 O "T". 1 ON vO 00 (N p* < US' S ^ ' M N co 1 H ^ CO t'x 322" tx 00 CO M Th 00 00 00 00 00 ON ON 00 00 ON CN M ON ON O\ ON ON rj- O 00 ON O O HI tX W Cvl CO CO "^ 000 H g M S N ^cooo co IH co co in m 00 00 00 O co N CN ON ON Cv) M CO ON ON ON N O m ON tx, tx 00 000 O O cT?^) 000 M C 1*1 H Eg _=' ON 2 CO CO $" ON IN CO CN 000 ON CO CO t** Cx OO * * in 000 s J* *a CM 00 VO ^ M ffS 1 (M IN xd- m tx CO CO rf W N W 1 1 in -4- oo co in in VO M H N m co -t- 4- + 3- co R 8^ w n IH i \'l III l l l sis ^ Is' % Jg J3 1 ^ 1 III 11 III 1 1 1 888 C Q P i-T L_' rt 7 i ii Iff Jj III I 1. 1. 1 O u. O 2 Sidereal time at 9 P.M Nebula in Cetus 33 Arietis P. ii. 220 Persai . Pair in Perseus Pair in Taurus . Pair in Camelopardl Pair in Taurus . C'luster in Perseus Pair in Taurus . Ipair in Perseus Pair in Taurus . Nebula in Eridanus 39 Eridani . cr Eridani * . aa eg || Piscium . . . Oct. Feb. 7'5 + 23 59 77 227 5-2^10-0 42 Ceti (i) . . . Dec. Feb. 14-0 - i 6 i '45 355 67. 7 '5 $ Cassiopeiae (2) . Aug. Feb. 17-9 + 67 32 287 107 4'5. 97 P. i. 123 Piscium (3) Nov. Feb. 30-1 + 74 i '33 33 7 '2, 7*4 103 Piscium (4) Nov. Feb. 33'i + 16 3 1-31 297 6*9, 9*0 < Trianguli . . . Nov. Feb. c6*'3 + 32 44 4*0 118 5 '6, io'8 48 Cassiopeise July Mar. 52-6 + 70 21 '96 267 5-0, 7-0 10 Arietis (5) . Nov. Feb. WI + 25 23 1*04 5 5 '8, 8'o P. ii. 96 Arietis Nov. Mar. 23 '9 + 24 44 182 O ' w 6-3, 107 y Ceti .... Dec. Mar. 2 29-9 + 5 6 7-8 84 5'o. 9 '9 Pair in Cetus Dec. Mar. 2 35 'o + 4 24 i 71 295 7-0, 8-9 84 Ceti (5) ... Dec. Mar. 2 35 '4 - I 10 47 324 8, 9 -6 Persei (6) . Sept. Mar. 2 3 6 '4 + 48 45 17-2 299 4-2, 9-8 Pair in Perseus . Oct. Mar. 2 40'! + 35 6 I- 53 i6t. 6 "3. 87 TT Arietis Dec. Mar. 2 42-9 + 17 o 3-3. 25-2 122, .109 5-5, 8-2, ii'o 41 Arietis Dec. Mar. 2 43 '4 + 26 48 21-2, 34-0 266, 204 4'i, 11*3, ii'o Pair in Cepheus 2 5<> '9 + 78 58 4'5 230 S'4 9'4 e Arietis (7) . Dec. Mar. 2 52-6 +20 54 i '39 2O I 5 - 4, 6-3 50 Arietis Dec. Mar. 2 54'! + 17 33 2-1 67 7'i. 9'9 p"- Eridani /8). Dec. Feb. 2 57 'I -88 2'5 85 5 '4. 9 '5 Pair in Cassiopeia (9) Aug. Apr. 3 i "3 ! + 7i 7 0-98 213 7'o, 7-0 12 Eridani (10) . . . Dec. Jan. \ 3 7-2 29 27 2-6 3 I2 4-0, 9-5 T 4 Eridani (n) . . Dec. Jan. 3 14-5 -22 II 5 '4 287 5'o. 9 "5 Pair in Perseus . . Nov. Mar. 3 17-3 + 33 8 3 '9 153 6-4, 9-9 (i) Binary. (7) Binary. (2) 9'7 is double, io'6 : 256 : 3"'!. (3) ^low binary ; a xo'o mag. at 71 : 77"'3. (4) ./., i5 Piscium ; in the same field. (5) Moving together through space. (8) 9-5 variable. (9) Binary, an n'6 mag. in 307 '. 20". (10) Sometimes called o Fornacis. Very rapid common proper motion. (6) Moving together through space ; a 9*0 mag. at (ii) A io's at 100 : 4o"'o ; a io'7 at 293 : i23"'o ; a 218- : 69"'2, not connected with the system io'7 at 276 : i3o"'o ; and a lo'oat 236 : i6o"'i. of 8 Persei. * Distances under 2"'o are given in this Hit tc the neatest hundiedth of a second of arc. 28 Objects suitable for Four to Seven- Inch Telescopes. NAME OF OBJECT Visible R.A. Decl. Distances Posit. Angles Magnitude h. m. o / // o 2 (Hevel) Camelopardi Oct. Mar. 3 X 9'8 + 59 32 2'2 I6 3 4'9. 8'5 Persei (i) . Nov. Mar. 3 47 'o + 31 32 I2'8, 32*6 208, 287 3'0, 87, 1 1 'I 9 (Hevel) Camelopardi Oct. Apr. 3 47 '4 + 60 46 2 '2 41 5-2, 8-2 30 Eridani , Dec. Feb. 3 47' 1 - 5 42 8-2 135 6-5, 10-5 Pair in Perseus . Nov. M^ar. 3 49 '5 + 4i 33 8-8 149 67. 97 Pair in Cepheus (2) . 3 50-9 + 80 23 0'96 35 57, 7'o Pair in Perseus . Nov. Mar. 3 52-1 + 38 29 I -60 329 6-2, 97 Pair in Perseus (3) . Nov. Mar. 3 597 + 33 9 I -08 204 6-7, 9*0 P. iii. 242 Persei (4) Nov. Mar. 4 o'o + 37 47 27 138 6-8, 9-5 P. iv. 53 Tauri Nov. Mar. 4 157 + 20 30 2-1 171 5'6, 8-8 56 Persei . .. Nov. Mar. 4 J 7'2 + 33 42 4 '4 56 5 '5. 9'2 2 Camelopardi . Nov. Apr. 4 30 '9 + 53 i5 1-62 292 5'8, 7'5 7 Camelopardi (5) Nov. Apr. 4 48-2 + 53 34 1-24. 257 309. 239 4-6, 7-9, ii -o 5 Auriga* Oct. Apr. 4 52-5 + 39 13 27 247 6-0, 97 14 Orionis Dec. Mar. 5 i '6 + 8 20 I-I5 203 5'8, 6'o 16 Aurigse (6) . Nov. Apr. 5 107 + 33 15 4'3 57 5'o, 10 '6 Leporis 28 Dec. Feb. 5 iS'7 21 22 4'3 283 6'o, io'5 Pair in Orion . . . Dec. Mar. 5 18-6 - o 59 i'43 171 6'5. 67 n Orioois . . * Dec. Mar. 5 187 - 2 30 .i'oo 85 4-0, 6'o !/, Orionis Dec. Mar. 5 20-8 + 2 59 27 324 5 '4. 9'o /3 Leporis . . Dec. Feb. 5 2 3'4 -20 51 2< 5 285 3'5, "*o 31 Orionis . . . Dec. Mar. 5 23-9 I II 12-6 88 5'4. 10-5 33 Orionis Dec. Mar. 5 25-2 + 3 12 176 28 6'o, 7-0 Pair in Taurus . Nov. Mar. 5 30'* + 26 52 i -06 178 6-5, 7-0 42 Orionis . . . Dec. Mar. 5 29-8 - 4 55 173 218 5-2, 8-9 Pair in Camelopardus Nov. Apr. 5 37 '5 + 62 46 i'54 23 6'4. 7 '3 Pair in Orion Nov. Mar. 5 4 r '5 + 20 50 0*85, 75-6 315. 161 6'2, 8-0, 7-5 52 Orionis . . Dec. Mar. 5 4i '9 + 6 25 1-61 204 6-i, 6-5 Leporis 61 Dec. Feb. 5 44'4 -14 3i 27 179 6'o, 9-4 6 Auriga* (7). * . Nov. Mar. 5 52-o + 37 12 2 "4 359 3-0, 8-6 3 Monocerotis . , Dec. Mar. 5 5 6 '5 -10 36 1-62 355 6-0, 97 Pair in Auriga . . Nov. Mar. 5 597 + 36 17 173 277 7'o, 10 'o 4 Monocerotis . Dec. Mar. 6 3-1 -ii 7 3'2, 9'0 178, 244 67, 10*5, ii '5 Pair in Monoceros . Dec. Mar. 6 6-1 - 4 38 0-98 170 6-2, 87 4 Lyncis Nov. May 6 ii '9 + 59 25 o-95 IOI 6-2, 7'5 Pair in Camelopardus 6 15 '3 + 70 36 5'5 79 6'o, io'9 Pair in Monoceros . Jan. Apr. 6 16-1 ii 42 3'8 26 6-2, 9-9 54 Aurigse Jan. Apr. 6 32-4 + 28 22 0-83 37 6-0, 8"o 15 Monocerotis (8) Jan. Apr. 6 347 + 10 3'o, 16*9 211, 13 Var. 87, ii-o Canis Maj. 29 . Feb. Apr. 643-8 -15 I 0-97 290 6'o, 87 (i) A 9*3 at iq8, 89" i, and a zo'o at 185 : H9"'5. (2) Binary. (6) A pair with double companion in field, 32" f. and 10' north of 16. (3) A 12-5 mag. at 119 : 34"*7. (7) 8 '6 possibly variable. Several faint distant com- (4) Rapid common proper motion, in which 50 Persei, 12' distant, joins. Parallax insensible. panions. (8) In the midst of a scattered cluster, containing (5) 8'7 mag. of a very dusky hue. several pairs. Objects suitable for Four to Seven- f nek Telescopes. 29 NAME OF OBJECT Visible R.A. Decl. Distances Posit. Angles Magnitude ! h. m. O / m 15 Lyncis (i) . Nov. May 6 47-4 + 58 35 073 360 S'o, 7'3 \ Geminorum Dec. Apr. 7 ii '5 + 16 44 9 '5 33 3'5. 9'8 P. vii. 52 Canis Minor . Dec. Apr. 7 n'S + 9 30 1-28 "3 7'o, 7'o 30 Canis Maj. Jan. Mar. 7 14 'o -24 45 7'8, 14-3 90, 80 6'o, 10 '5, n '2 P. vii. 116 Monocerotis. Jan. Apr. 7 22-5 II 20 080,2D-0,23'4 166, 313, 157 6 '0,8 -2, 8 -9,10-0 Pair in Gemini . Dec. May 7 27-9 + 31 12 0-82 332 5'5. 6-5 IT Geminorum Dec. May 7 40-i + 33 42 22 -0 212 5-0, io'8 Pair in Canis Minor . Dec. May 7 467 + 3 4i I '20 43 7'o, 7 '2 Pair in Cancer . Dec. May 7 54'2 + 23 54 27 333 6% 107 u Cancri Dec. May 8 1-8 + 27 49 3'2 218 6-9, 10-4 Pair in Lynx Dec. June 8 7-0 + 43 23 4'2 294 67, 10-5 Pair in Argo (2) . Feb. May 8 34-0 19 20 4*3 104 6-5, 10-5 Pyxidis 17 Feb. May 8 34-2 22 17 i'37 34 6'o, 9-0 f Cancri Dec. May 8 47'3 + 31 I 1-42 328 5-8, 6-2 t Ursse Maj. (3) . Dec. June 8 Si 4 + 48 29 9-6 357 3'2, 10-2 a- Ursse Maj. (4) . '. Dec. June 9 0-4 + 67 36 2-4 233 S'i. 87 37 Lyncis . . . Dec. June 9 12-8 + 5 1 44 5'5 117 6"o, io'6 K Leonis Dec. May 9 i8'o + 26 41 3 '4 205 5*0, io'2 w Leonis (5) . Jan. June 9 22-4 + 9 33 068 too 6"o, 6 '4 3 Leonis Jan. June ^9 22-4 + 8 41 25' r 79 6 - o, io'8 Pair in Leo. . . Jan. June 9 32-6 + 11 17 8'3 103 67, 10*2 Pelis 15 ... Mar. June 9 36-2 -17 58 3-i 261 7'2, II '0 P. x. 23 Leonis Feb. June 10 10 '0 + 18 18 076 217 6'5. 7'5 Felis 54 ... Mar. June IO l6'2 -21 58 2X> 189 6-5, 9-0 P. x. 94 Sextantis . Mar. June 10 25-3 -73 2-8 166 6"o, 9 '9 Pair in Ursa Maj. Feb. June 10 41-5 + 41 42 0*84 330 6 '5- 7'S i Crateris Apr. Jane ii 6'9 -17 53 0'45 149 6'2, 6-9 v Ursse Maj. Feb. June II I2'3 + 33 43 7'0 H7 3-8, 9'6 y Crateris (6) Apr. June in 19-2 -17 4 5' 1 98 4 - o, io'o Pair in Ursa Maj. (7). Apr. Aug. ii 25-8 + 61 43 1-26 65 6'3. 77 P. xi. 126 Virginis . Mar. June n 32-6 - i 48 4 '9 279 6-2, 97 Pair in Can. Ven. Mar. June ii 50-4 + 36 5 i '55 122 6-5, 9-0 Pair in Can. Ven. Mar. Jane 12 5'0 + 40 32 I -21 338 6'2, 7-0 Pair in Comae Ber. . Mar. June 12 II'8 + 29 34 8-2 2 77 62, io'5 P. xii. 104 Corvi Apr. June 12 24'2 -12 45 1-81 354 6'2, IO - 2 Pair in Corvus . Apr. June 12 29-8 16 12 n 'a 258 67, 11*2 35 Comse Ber. (8) . Apr. July 12 477 + 21 52 1-37, 28-8 68, 125 5-2, 8-0, 9-2 46 Virginis . Apr. June 12 547 - 2 45 i '44 151 5'4. 9'5 Hydrse 348 Apr. Jane 12 57-6 -19 58 071 133 6-2, 6-2 P. xii. 268 Can. Ven. Apr. June 13 07 +29 38 6'5, 403 219, 7 6-0, 10-5, 12-5 (i) Binary. (2) Red, blue. (5) Binary, period about 115 years. (6) Common proper motion. (3) Very- large common proper motion, in which a neighbouring star, 10 Ursae, participates. (7) Binary, period 94* years. (8) Binary. (4) Binary, closing rapidly. Objects suitable for Four to Seven-Inch Telescopes. NAME OF OBJECT Visible R.A. Decl. Distances Posit. Angles Magnitude h. m. O If w o Pair in Can. Ven. (i). Apr. June 13 67 + 32 41 i 41 348 6'3, 6-9 25 Can. Ven. (2) Apr. June 13 3 2 '4 + 36 52 o'8o J 5i 6'2, 8'2 r Bob'tis ( 3 ) Apr. June 13 41-8 + 18 i 8'9 353 4-1, 11-5 P. xiii. 242 Can. Ven. Apr. June 13 49*3 + 30 28 1-81 18 7'o, 9 '6 Pair in Bootes . Apr. June 14 1-8 + 35 19 14-2 70 6 '4, io'o P. xiv. 20 BoStis . May July 14 8-3 + 12 31 i '95 249 6-6, 9-3 $ Virginia . May July 14 22-3 - i 43 4'i 112 5 "2, 9 '4 Pair in Bootes . May Aug. 14 28-5 + 49 4i 5*o 131 7'2, II'O Pair in Bootes . May Aug. 14 36-3 + 49 " 7-0 102 7'3. 'o Librae 23 . May June 14 42-1 -16 52 1-27 2 3 6 70, 8'o Pair in Bootes . May July 14 43 "4 + 24 50 1-50 55 6'3. 7 '4 Pair in Bootes . May July 14 48-0 + 16 10 1-49 195 6*2, 7 "2 Pair in Bootes . May July 14 Si '3 + 32 45 4'3 "3 6 '2, 10-5 Pair in Bootes . May Aug. 15 10-6 + 38 44 1-38 2 57 6-2, 8-2 Pair in Libra (4) May July J 5 I2 '5 -23 5i 1-90 180 7'0, 9'<> 5 Serpentis (5) . May July i5 I3H + 2 13 107 38 4*8, io'o Coronee i (6) May July 15 I3-S + 27 15 I '22 308 5'6, 6-1 6 Serpentis . May J uly 15 IS' 2 + x 8 2'3 J 3 47. 9 '4 TJ Coronse Bor. (7) May Aug. 15 18-5 + 30 42 0*65 182 57, 6-0 n* Bootis (8) . May Aug. 15 20-3 + 37 45 078 104 6-5, 7-8 2 Scorpionis , May June IS 467 -25 o 2'6 279 5 '5- 9'o ii Scorpionis . May July 16 1-3 12 26 3'3 256 6'i, 10-4 Pair in Cor. Bor. May Aug. 16 7-3 + 33 38 5H 262 6'o, 10-5 Pair in Cor. Bor. May July 16 8'o + 26 58 2-8 136 6 '2, 107 Pair in Serpens May July 16 i6x> + i 26 2-6 i 7 "2, 9 "9 T, Draconis . Apr. Aug. 16 22 '4 + 61 46 5 '2 142 2 '8, 9'o Draconis 99 Apr. Aug. 16 22*3 + 61 57 ri6 2 6-2, 7-4 Pair in Hercules May Aug. 16 23-3 + 26 15 1-26 211 6-6, 7-9 Herculis (9) May Aug. 16 37-0 + 3i 49 1-65 82 2-6, 7-0 Pair in Hercules May July 16 44 '3 + 13 27 5 '4 39 57- 10-3 21 Ophiuchi . June Aug. 16 45-6 + i 25 0*98 162 6'o, 8'o 52 Herculis . May Aug. 16 46*0 + 46 ii 1-83 3^9 5'o, io'o P. xvi. 270 Oph. June Aug. 16 5 6 '5 + 8 36 1-28 157 67, 7 '9 Herculis 206 (10) May Aug. 16 59 '8 + 19 45 178 232 6*9, io'2 P. xvii. 1 8 Oph. June Aug. i7 7'5 + 7 54 i'47 204 67, 8-9 P. xvii. 43 Oph. J uly Aug. 17 13-2 -17 38 i'74 261 6-2, 7 '5 68 Herculis . June Aug. 17 i3'3 + 33 14 4 '4 61 5-1, io-i Pair in Hercules June Sept. 17 42-1 + 17 44 079 298 6-1, 7-8 Pair in Taurus Pon. . June Sept. 17 42-2 + 39 22 7-6 350 67, 10-3 90 Herculis . June Sept. 17 49-6 + 40 3 1-90 122 5 '9. 9 '4 (i) Binary. ;2> Binary, period 120 years. 3) Large common proper motion. (4) A pair in field, 31*^!, 7*, j'i : 329 : o"'8o. (5) Large common proper motion. (6) Magnitudes possibly variable, (7) Binary, period 41 i years. (8) Binary, period rather uncertain. (9) Binary, period 34 * years. (10) Pair in held, 47 s /., 5' . 6'g, 11*3 : 228 : i"'5o. Objects suitable for Four to Seven-Inch Telescopes, NAME OF OBJECT Visible R.A. Decl. Distances Posit. Angles Magnitude h. m. o / o Pair in Hercules June Oct. 18 4-2 + 49 42 2 '2 148 6-4, 10-5 Herculis 417 June Sept. 18 5-1 + 16 27 I-I9 236 67, 7-8 n Sagittarii (i) . June Aug. 18 6'9 -21 5 16-8 258 3'5. '0 Pair in Scutum Sob. June Aug. 18 157 -IS 9 12 '4, i '27 22O, 64 7'0, 8-2, 8-5 21 Sagittarii . June Aug. 18 18-6 -20 36 2'I 293 5-2, 8-0 Pair in Lyra June Nov. 18 32-4 + 33 22 7 '3 20 5 5 '6, 10-5 Pair in Aquila . July Oct. 18 33-o + 4 IS 1-23 289 6'6, 9-5 Lyrse 91 ... June Nov. 18 507 + 33 49 1-86, 45-3 134. 350 6'o, 10 'o, 7-3 17 Lyree .... June Nov. 19 3'i + 32 20 37 321 5'5- 97 Pair in Lyra June Nov. 19 11-3 + 27 16 0-83 156 6-6, 7-2 Pair in Cygnus . June Nov. 19 12-3 + 49 5 2 2 '3 7 6 6-9, 10-4 2 Vulpeculse July Nov. 19 12-9 + 22 49 1-86 125 57, 9'5 P. xi.v. 108 Drac. Feb. Nov. 19 157 + 63 o 1-16 337 7*o, 8'i Pair in Cygnus . July Dec. 19 39-0 + 40 27 0-85 25 6 '5, 7 '9 P. xix. 263 Cygni . July Dec. 19 397 + 38 3 0^96 196 7A 8-0 & Cygni (2) . July Dec. 19 41-4 + 44 50 1-68 3i8 2-8, 7-5 IT Aquilffi July Oct. 19 43 '4 + 11 32 I-43- 3i'2 117, 306 6'i, 67, ii'o 1 6 Vulpeculse July Nov. 19 57-2 + 24 37 0^69 95 57. 5 '9 Cygni 153 . JulyDec. 20 9-3 + 5 1 7 4-0 81 S'9> 10-9 Pair in Cygnus . July Dec. 20 10 '4 + 4i 45 o'oo, 1 1 '8 172, 34 7-0, 7-6, 9-3 IT Capricorni July Sept. 20 20 '8 -i835 3'3 J45 S'L 87 Pair in Vulpecula Aug. Nov.! 20 27-1 + 25 24 1-16 78 6'3, 7 '6 Delphini 43 Aug. Nov. 20 39-5 +11 54 1-22, 387 92, 34 6 '4, 8 - o, 12 *o 13 Delphini . Sept. Nov. 20 42'2 + 5 35 1-61 1 86 5'2, 8-9 A Cygni (3) . Aug. Dec. 20 43 -0 + 36 4 0'65, 85*0 80, 105 5-0, 7-0, 87 60 Cygni. Aug. Dec. 20 57'2 + 45 42 27 165 5 '5. 9 "5 y Equulei (4) Aug. Nov. 21 4-9 + 9 38 2-2, 41-3 275. !<> 4*3, io - o, i2'o P. xxi. 51 Cephei . June Jan. 21 9'O + 59 3i I'M 226 5 '9. 6-6 P. xxi. 50 Cygni Aug. Dec. 21 9-9 + 40 41 1-40 128 6-6, 7-1 r Cygni (5) . Aug. Dec. 21 I0'2 + 37 33 I "10 116 37, 7'8 Pair in Cepheus June Jan. 21 1 1 '6 + 63 59 >:95 248 6-6, 6-9 p. xxi. 166 Cephei . June Jan. 21 24-3 + 59 16 I2'2 190 6'2, II'O Pair in Cepheus June Jan. 21 52 '6 + 64 47 i '45 246 6'o, 8-5 Pair in Pegasus . Sept. Dec. 21 54-6 + 23 24 2-9 259 6'6, ii'i 15 Cephei June Feb. 22 0*6 + 59 16 10 '9 297 6-5, ii -o Pair in Pegasus . Sept. Dec. 22 8-8 + 7 25 I '20 126 6-0, 77 Pair in Cepheus 22 29'8 +69 2O 0-84 265 6 '5. 7'o P. xxii. 258 Cephei . 22 48-0 + 82 33 3'6 34 5'i> io'3 Pair in Lacerta . Sept. Dec. 22 48-6 + 44 9 i '33. 26-4 217. 354 6'o, 8'o, 107 Pair in Pegasus. Sept. Dec. 22 51-2 + ii 14 3'6 10 6' 4( 9-1 (i) A 9-5 at 312 : 48"'3, and another at 115 : 5?"% (2) Binary, distance constant. a 12*5 mag. at 118 : 25"'2, and an excessively (3) Binary. faint star at i8o25"; discovered by Mr. Common with 37-in. reflector. Good test for (4) 4'3 and io'o moving together through space. (5) Binary. large apertures. Objects Suitable for Four to Seven-Inch Telescopes. NAME OF OBJECT Visible R.A. Decl. Distances Posit. Angles Magnitude h. m. o / H 52 Pegasi Sept. Dec. 22 53-5 + n 7 I '22 213 6'o, 8'o n- Cephei (i) . 23 4'3 ' + 74 46 I-3I 27 47. 87 Pair in Cassiopeia . Aug. Mar. 23 5*2+56 50 i '54 305 6 "9, 9'o 96 Aquarii (2) Oct. Dec. 23 13-5 - 5 45 9 '9 23 6'2, n'3 P. xxiii. 101 Cass. (3) . Aug. Mar. 23 247 + 57 55 1-38 345 S'o, 9 "4 w 2 Aquarii Oct. Dec. 23 36-8 -15 10 57 88 5-0, ii-o 78 Pegasi Sept. Jan. 23 38-3 +28 44 1-46 192 S'o, 8'i Pair in Pegasus . Oct. Jan. 23 397 +19 47 1-98 62 67. 9'3 Pair in Andromeda . Sept. Jan. 2 3 52-5 ; + 34 23 3 '4 23 6-4, 9-1 Pair in Andromeda . Sept. Jan. 23 587 + 41 27 5'2 168 6'i, io'o (i) Binary. (2) Common proper motion. (3) An 8'o mag. at 269 : 75"'^ is double, y's, g'$ : 337 : 26"'g. The 5*0 has a io'i mag. com- panion at 1 15 : 43"'5, and another at 339 : 66" '9 which is itself double, having a 10 mag. star at 221: i"'36, with a companion, n'6 mag. at 74 : !o"- 9 . SHOOTING STARS. Radiant Points. DATE Radiant Point NOTES Radiant Point R.A. Decl. Rises Souths h. m. o January 2-3 XV. 30 + 48 Fine morning shower.* 8 39 A.M. March 7 ... XVI. 16 + 15 Formerly active. 9 51 P.M. 5 13 A.M. April 19-20 XVIII. I + 33 Lyrids. 6 27 P.M. 4 8 A.M. April 29~May 2 . xxi. 45 2 Morning shower. Max. , May 2. I 15 A.M. 7 8 A.M. July 3o-August i n. 8 + 53 Fine display, 1878.* 5 29 A.M. August 9-10 n. 52 + 56 Perseids. Very fine annual shower. W-! 5 38 A.M. September i XX. 20 + 54 Large meteors.* [loth max.* 9 36 P.M. October 17-20 . VI. + 15 Fine annual shower. 8 47 P.M. 4 10 A.M. November 13-14 X. + 23 Magnificent shower in 1866. Leonids. 10 14 P.M. 6 27 A.M. November 19-23 iv, 16 + 20 Long-continued shower. 4 19 P.M. 12 A.M. November 27 I. 40 + 43 Andromedes. Fine display 1872-85.* 9 13 P.M. December 9-12 . VII. + 32 Geminids. Rich shower. 4 10 P.M. I 41 A.M. The radiant point of these showers is circumpolar, and never sets. TEST OBJECTS. Two Inches Aperture. NAME OF OJJECT Visible R.A. Decl. Distances Posit. Angles Magnitude DIVIDING TKSTS ! h. m. o / // * Lyrse . June Nov. 18 40*6 + 39 33 3-12 16-1 4'6, 6-3 2 2671 , May Dec. 20 15*6 + 55 2 2-89 341 '2 6'0, 7-2 2 389 . Sept. Mar. 3 20-9 +58 s 8 271 66-5 6-4, 7-6 P. xvii. 300 June Sept. *7 Si'S + 18 21 2*65 115-1 6-9, 7-0 i Arietis Oct. Mar. i 437 + 21 42 2-65 168-5 6'i, 7-0 P. xiii. 238 ... April June 13 49 'o - 7 30 2*64 75 'o 67, 7'3 8 1 Virginia , . i April June 13 3* '6 - 7 18 2-63 42-3 7'o. 7 '3 2 425 - -.. -. Oct Feb. 3 32-9 + 33 45 2*60 97-1 7'o, 7-1 a Lyra) .... June- Nov. 18 40*6 + 39 30 2- 5 8 1367 5'i. 5'2 fi Draconia . May Oct. 17 3-0 + 54 37 2*40 163-0 5*o. S'o 2 899 . . . . Nov. Feb. 3 i6'i + 17 38 2 '34 20*2 7'o, 7 '5 2 2950 .... July-Jan. 22 46*9 + 61 6 2-27 3H7 57. 6-9 DEFINING TESTS 17 Cassiop. Aug. Feb. o 42-1 + 57 J3 4-90 175 '0 3 '5. 7 '3 5 Argus Dec. April 7 42 '6 -ii 55 3-28 I7'I 57, 7'5 5 Serpentis . May July i5 29-4 + !Q 55 3-48 188-4 3 '9. S'S 12 Aquarii July Nov. 20 58-1 - 6 16 276 I9I-6 6'o, 8'o < Bootis May July 14 40-0 + 27 33 3-02 329^ 2 '5. S'o y Ceti .... Nov. Jan. 2 37 '4 + 2 45 2'93 2897 3'4. 7'i SPACE-PENETRATING TESTS a TjrsaB Min. (Polaris) . i 17-0 + 88 42 18-3 213-8 2-0, 8'4 /3 Orionis (Riget) . Dec. Mar. 5 9'2-S 20 9'5 20I'I I'O, 7'8 r l Aquarii Aug. Nov. 22 407 -14 40 28-5 114-6 5 '9. 9 '2 ii Aquilse June Sept. 18 53-9 + 13 28 17-0 260 'o 5'i. 9'o 19 Ophiuchi . June Sept. 16 41-4 + 2 16 22-3 91-9 6'o, 9'o P. xii. 221 April June 12 49 '8 + 12 7 28-6 203-0 6-8, 9-0 Camelop. 4 Aug. Feb. 3 21-3 + 55 3 14-6 i59'2 5'4, 9'4 Tauri 39 . Nov. Mar. 3 34 "4 + 4 46 26-2. 377 557, 301-2 5-6, 9-0, 9-4 Camelop. 176 . 8 8-1 + 72 46 43'9 85-5 57. 9 '3 23 Ursa Maj. Dec. June 9 22-5 + 63 33 22'8 27i'S 4-0, 9-2 Scut. Sob. (29) . July Sept. 18 25-1 -io 53 12'2 256-5 6-0, 9-2 a Cassiop. Aug. Feb. o 34-0 + 55 55 62 '4 279-8 2 '4. 9 '5 D 34 Test Objects. Two and a Half Inches Aperture. NAME OF OBJECT Visible R.A. Decl. Distances Posit. Angles Magnitude DIVIDING TESTS h. m. o / Tauri. Pon. 75 . i June Sept. 18 39-9 + 5 2 2 2 '22 "5 "3 6-2, 6'6 P. xx. 429 . June Dec. 20 54-8 + 50 I 2'06 3i'9 6'2, 7-0 P. o. 181 . Aug. Feb. 4i '5 + 50 50 2-0 5 147 '4 7-0, 7 '8 Cephei 287 23 23-1 + 73 2 9 2-03 32-6 7-0, 8'o 85 Lyncis Jan. Apr. 8 2-3 + 32 30 2'01 47-6 7-i, 7'9 TJrsee Maj. 284 . Apr. Aug. ii 32-4 + 64 59 I'97 3227 67. 77 84 Auriga . . . Dec. May 6 30-6 + 41 41 I'94 8i-r 6'9. 77 * 2624 . June Nov. 19 59 "2 + 35 42 I-92, 42-3 J 75'5. 327'5 7-0, 7-6, 9-5 02 35 8 . . June Sept. 18 30*8 + 16 53 1-88 19-4 6-5, 6-8 T Ophiuchi . . . June Aug. 17 56-9 - 8 ii 184 254 '5 5 'o, 6 -o 2 1116 . . . . Dec. Apr. 7 28-1 + 12 33 1-82 109-9 7'o, 77 S, 1871 .... Apr. July 14 377 + 5i 53 i -80 29i'5 7-0, 7'3 DEFINING TESTS M Can. Maj. . . Dec. Mar. 6 50-9 -13 54 2-92 338-8 5-2, 8-2 38 Lyncis Feb. June 9 ir8 + 37 18 2-80 239-1 4 "2, 6-3 Draconis . 19 48-6 + 69 59 2-94 . 5 '5 4'2, 7'2 * Leporis Dec. -Mar. 5 8-0 -13 5 2-41 357 '4 5'2, 77 Hydrro Jan. Apr. 8 407 + 6 50 3'34 228-0 3 '8, 7'4 i Leonia Mar. June ii 17-9 + 11 9 2-80 63-0 4 " 6 . 7 '4 SPACE-PENETRATING TESTS o Persei , . . I Nov. Mar. 3 37'i + 3i 55 20 'o 238-4 4 '5. 9'o 66 Eridani . . . Dec. Mar. 5 I'l - 4 49 52'5 9 '4 6-0, 9-2 ft Serpentis . . . May July 15 4 ro + 15 47 307 265-0 3'6, 9'i 33 Arietis . . . Oct. Mar. 2 34*o + 26 35 28-6 359*6 5-2, 9'3 a Lyree ( Vega) . . \ June Nov. 18 33-i + 38 41 49 -2 I55-5 0-2, 9-5 12 Lacertee . . l July Nov. 22 36-4 + 39 38 70-5 15*9 57. 97 P. v. 37 . . . . Nov. Mar. 5 12-4 + 20 9-0 203-0 6-0, 9-8 Cassiop. 63 . . Aug. Feb. o 32-4 + 46 2O 10-4 85-9 6-8, 9-9 Virginis . . . ! Apr. June 13 4'0 - 4 56 7-1, 70-9 344-6, 297-1 4-9, 8*5, io'o 1 8 Librae . . . May July 14 527 10 41 I9-5 38-9 6'o, io'o P. xix. 144 July Oct. 19 24-S + 2 39 34*3 5' 2 6 - o, io'o M Herculis . May Sept. 17 42-0 + 27 47 31-2 243'9 3'5- I0>0 Test Objects. 35 Three Inches Aperture. NAME OF OBJECT Visible R.A. Decl. Distances Posit. Angles Magnitude DIVIDING TESTS h. m. / // o 33 Orionis Dec. Mar. 5 25-2 + 3 12 176 28-3 6'o, 7-0 12 Lyncis Dec. May 6 36-2 + 59 33 170, 87 126-8, 307-5 57, 6-4, 7-4 2 1333 .' Feb. June 9 "'4 + 35 5i x-69 42-2 67, 7-0 Persei 85 . . . Aug. Feb. 2 44-8 + 5 2 31 1-69 301-8 6-8, 7-1 02437 - July Nov. 21 l6"I + 3i 58 1-64 49'3 6-0, 6-5 \ Ophiuchi . June Aug. 16 25-2 + 2 14 i-6S 44'5 4'4. 5'4 Cephei 83 . May Dec. 20 59-0 + 56 13 1-62 349-3 6-4, 6-8 Lyncis 157 Feb. June 9 i3"9 + 3 8 4 I i'59 I54-8 6-8, 7-4 2 644 . Oct. Mar. 5 2-6 + 37 9 1-58 220-9 6-8, 7-1 2 2744 . '. . . July Oct 20 57 '3 + i 5 i'S4 170*0 6-3, 7-0 n Librae . . . May July 14 43-i -13 4i i '5i 337*4 5'2, 6'2 Ceti 187 . jSTov. Feb. i I4-3 16 24 *'Sft 2O 'O 7'L 7'3 DEFINING TESTS o Cephei . . July Mar. 23 13 '9 + 67 29 2'59 192-6 5'2, 7'6 49 Leonis Feb. June 10 29*0 + 9 14 2'39 157-5 6-2, 8-4 P. xx. 376 July Oct. 20 50*0 + 46 i- 97 287-5 6-2, 7-9 70 Ophiuchi . June Aug. 17 597 + 2 3 2 2-05 20-5 4-3. 6-2 84 Virginis . Apr. June 13 37'3 + 47 3-56 234-3 57. 8-0 23 Aquilae July Oct. 19 12-7 + o 52 3 '33 n-6 57. 9'o SPACE-PENETRATING TESTS 59 Aurigee Dec. Apr. 6 45-2 + 39 i 22*2 223-5 67, 10 "o A Geminorum Dec. Apr. 7 " '5 + 1645 9*5 33'o 3-5. 9-8 57 Pegasi . Sept. Jan. 23 37 + 84 32-8 197-8 5 '2, 10 -0 P. xix. 307 . i ;, July Oct. 19 46-8 + 10 4 i3'3 3097 6'6, io'2 P. xix. 128 ... June Nov. 19 21-5 + 19 39 237- 687 40-9, 319-9 5-1, lo-i, 9-8 v TJrsse Maj. Feb. June II I2'3 + 33 43 7-0 I47-3 3'5. 9'6 5 Equulei . July Nov. 21 9'0 + 9 33 40 'o 21'2 4-5, 10 -o 5 Serpentis . May July 15 13-4 + 2 13 107 380 4-8, io'o 31 Orionis Dec. Mar. 5 23-9 I ii I2'6 8 7 -8 5-4. 10-5 a Tauri (Aldebaran) . Oct. Feb. 4 29-4 + 16 17 115-0 34'2 IT, I0'3 e Hydrse Feb. May 9 8-4 + 2 48 527 I75-2 4-0, 10-5 ft Delphini . July Nov. 20 32 '2 + 14 12 35 "5 334'2 3'5. 10-6 D 2 Test Objects. Three and a half Inches Aperture. NAME OF OBJECT Visible R.A. Decl. Distances Posit. Angles Magnitude DIVIDING TESTS h. m. o / // 2 1884 .... May July r 4 43 '4 + 24 50 I'SO 55'0 63. 7'4 36 Androm. . Sept. Feb. o 48-9 + 23 I l' 4 6 *'5 6-0, 6-4 42 Ceti .... Dec. Feb. I 14*0 - i 6 i '45 3S5'o 6'7. 7 '5 f Aquilee July Oct. 19 43*4 + 11 32 1-43, 31-2 "7 "3, 306*0 6'i, 67, ii'o i" Cancri Dec. May 8 47'3 + 31 i 1-42 328-5 5-8, 6-2 02 261 . Apr. July 13 67 + 32 41 1-41 348-2 6-3. 6-9 P. xxi. 50 . . Aug. Dec. 21 9-9 + 40 41 1-40 1277 6-6, 7-1 Arietis . ... Dec. Mar. 2 52 '6 + 20 54 i '39 201*3 5'4, 6*3 Pegasi 20 . July Oct. 21 23-3 + 10 35 i'33 306-4 6'6, 6'6 P. vii. 170 Jan. Mar. 7 34'i + 5 30 1-31 141-5 7/0, 7 '3 2 1037 . , Jan. Apr. 7 5'8 + 27 25 1-30 310-6 6-9. 7'i P. xvi. 270 June Aug. *6 56-5 + 8 36 1-29 157-0 67. 7'9 DEFINING TESTS 6 Cassiop. . Aug. Feb. 23 43 ' 2 + 61 35 i -60 195-6 5-i, 7-6 33 Pegasi . , , ^ . July Dec. 22 l8'2 + 20 17 2 '06, 63*6 179-9, 328-6 6'i, 87, 8-3 i Cassiop. . . . July Mar. 2 197 + 66 53 I- 9 8, 7-4 262-0, 108-5 5-0, 7-5, 8-1 * Virginia . . . May July 14 22'3 - i 43 4-09 II2'6 5'2, 9'4 P. xi. 126 . . . Mar. June II 32'6 - i 48 4-92 279-5 6-2, 97 17 Lyree . . June Nov. 19 3-1 + 32 20 3-68 321-6 5'5. 97 SPACE-PENETRATING TESTS * Leporis Dec. Mar. 5 7"o 12 12-6 336-2 4-5, io-o P. xx. 116 July Oct. 20 i8'8 + o 42 32-9 28*9 6-2, 10-3 6 Cancri Jan. Apr. 8 25*0 + 18 29 60-8 60 -o 5-5. 10-4 v Cygni i, June Nov. 21 13-2 + 34 25 15-1. 21-3 220-0, 178-5 4-3, I0'3, I0'2 a Androm. . Sept. Feb. o 2-5 + 28 28 71-0 273-0 2'0, I0'4 13 Lacertee . July Nov. 22 39'0 + 4i 13 147 129-4 5"I. XO-4 5 Lynois Dec. May 6 i6'9 + 58 29 30 '3. 95 '9 I39-I, 272-5 6-0, 10-5, 8-5 y Persei Aug. Feb. 2 56^ + 53 3 57*7 3237 3% 10*8 49 Piscium . Sept. Feb. o 24-9 + 15 24 167 I05-8 7-0, io'8 G-eminorum Jan. Apr. 7 4o-i + 33 42 22-0, 95-0 2 n '6, 340*0 5-0, io-8, 10-5 56 Heroulis . May Aug. 16 SO'3 + 25 55 18-0 93" 1 6 o, 10 -9 44 Virginis . Apr. June 12 S3'8 - 3 12 20 '9 54-6 5-8, II -o Test Objects. 37 Four Inches Aperture. Name of Object Visible R.A. Decl. Distances Pcsit. Angles Magnitude DIVIDING TESTS h. m. o / o P. vii. 52 . Dec. Apr. 7 "'5 + 9 30 1-28 "3^5 7'0, 7'0 f Scorp. May July 15 58-i -ii 4 i '27, 7 '3 1957. 66 'o 5-0, 5-4, 7-2 2 2049 .... May Aug. 16 23-3 + 26 15 1-26 2 10 '9 6-6, 7-9 Cor. Bor. i May July 15 I3-5 + 27 15 I "22 308-1 5-6, 6-1 S, 1606 .... Mar. June 12 5'0 + 40 32 I -21 331*1 6'2, 7-0 02 182 . Dec. Apr. 7 467 + 3 4i I '20 43'2 7'o, 7'2 Pegasi 148 Sept Dec. 22 8'8 + 7 25 I'20 125-6 6-0, 77 Herculis 417 June Sept. 18 5-1 -r l6 27 I I 9 236^0 67, 7'8 Draconis 99 May Oct. 16 22-3 + 61 57 1-16 2'0 6-2, 7-4 14 Orionis Dec. Mar. 5 i* + 8 20 r*S 2033 5-8, 6-0 Tauri Pon. 9 . . June Aug. 17 51-2 + 05 I '12 274'5 67, 7-0 P. xxi. 51 . . June Jan. 21 9-0 + 59 3 1 I'I2 226*3 5'9. 6-6 DEFINING TESTS T Arietis Dec. Mar. 2 42-9 ; + i 7 o 3 '29. 25-2 122-5, 109-9 5-5, 8-2, ii'o f Herculis . May Aug. 16 37*0 1 + 31 49 '65 82-0 2-6, 7-0 8 Cygni July Dec. 19 41-4 +44 50 1-68 3I8-5 2-8, 7 '5 Y Librae May July 15 29-1 -14 25 4i "3 151-8 4-5. "'3 Lyncis 51 . Dec. Apr. 7 20-5 + 48 26 i6'9 94'3 6'2, 11*2 Test Objects. Five Inches Aperture. NAME OF OBJECT Visible R.A. Decl. Distances Posit. Angles Magnitude DIVIDING TESTS h. m. o / n o Vulpec. 94 Aug. Nov. 20 27-1 +25 24 ri6 78-1 6-3, 7'6 2 115 . Aug. Feb. i 16-1 + 57 33 i -06 149-8 7-0, 7-0 2 749 Nov. Mar, 5 30'i + 26 52 I -06 177-6 6'5. 7'o i) Orionis Dec. Mar. 5 187 - 2 30 I '00 84-6 4*0, 6'o os 313 May Sept. 16 287 + 40 21 0-99 151-6 7"o, 7 '6 21 Oph June Aug. 16 45-6 + I 25 0-98 1627 6 -o, 8 -o O2 50 . . i . Aug. Apr. 3 i'3 + 71 7 0-98 213 '4 7 - o, 7'o e Equulei . ... July Nov. 20 53 '4 + 3 5i 0-97. 10-5 285-6, 72-9 6-1, 6-8, 7-4 P. xix. 263 ... July Dec. 19 39-8 + 39 2 96 196*2 7'o, 8'o 48 Cephei 3 So '9 + 80 23 0*96 35 'o 57. 7"o 4 Lyncis Nov. May 6 1 1 '9 + 59 25 o'95 IOI*2 6-2, 7'5 A.C. 12 , > . July Oct. 19 S2-4 - 2 34 o'93 332-4 7 'o, 8 'o DEFINING TESTS w a Aquatii . , . j Oct. Dec. 23 36-8 -15 10 5'68 8 7 -8 5'o, ii -o 42 Orionis . . . . Dec. Mar. 5 29-8 - 4 55 i'73 2177 5'5. 9'2 13 Delphini . . rf , Sept. Nov. 20 42 '2 + 5 35 1-61 186-4 5'2, 8-9 60 Cygni . > , Aug. Dec. 20 57'2 + 45 42 271 I6 S 'I 5'5. 9'5 68 Herculis . . , . . , June Aug. 17 13-1 + 33 14 4-41 61-8 5-1, io'i ^ Cassiop. . < Aug. Feb. I 17-9 + 67 32 287, 3-08 io6'8, 256*0 4-5, 97, 10-6 SPACE-PENETRATING TESTS 14 Auriges . . : . Nov. Mar. 5 8-0 + 32 33 11-9, 147 348-1, 225-4 5-1, n -o, 7-5 14 Monoc. Dec. Apr. 6 28-6 + 7 40 10-5 208-6 6-9, 10-9 40 Cassiop. . i 29-4 + 72 27 53 '3 237-0 6'o, io'9 74 Oph June Aug. 18 15*2 + 3 19 27-9 285-6 5 - o, io"8 P. xxii. 36. Aug. Dec. 22 9'0 + 39 9 27-2 178-5 . 6'o, ii -o 12 Ceti .... Dec. Feb. o 24-2 - 4 35 8'6, 2i2'4 187-0, 110-3 6*2, 10-9, io'o 20 Pegasi Aug. Nov. 21 S5'5 + 12 34 51 'I 325'5 5'5. "'4 55 Androm. . Aug. Feb. I 46-3 + 40 10 60 -I 355'2 S'S. 'S 54 Sagittarii . July Sept. 19 34 '2 -16 32 35-8, 45-6 2 44'5. 4*7 5-5, 11-5, 9-0 96 Aquarii Oct. Dec. 23 13 '5 - 5 45 9'9 23-5 6'2, ii'3 85 Virginia . Apr. June 13 39'4 -I 5 12 43 '3 311-8 6'o, 117 56 Aquilee Aug. Oct. J 9 47 '9 - 8 52 467 77-8 57, n-8 Test Objects. 39 Six Inches Aperture. NAME OF OBJECT Visible R.A. Decl. Distances Posit. Angles Magnitude DIVIDING TESTS h. m. o / Canis Maj. 89 . Feb. April 643-8 -15 I 0'97 288-9 6-0, 87 P. iv. 288 . Oct. Feb. 458-6 + 19 38 0'88 336-8 6'5. 7'2 02 175 Nov. Mar. 5 27-9 + 31 12 87 332-2 5'5. 6-5 2 2924 .... 22 2 9 7 + 69 20 0-84 265-6 6 '5, 7'o O2 229 .... Feb. June 10 41-5 + 41 42 0-84 330-1 6'5. 7'5 P. V. 222 . Nov. Mar. 5 4I-S + 20 SO 0-85, 75-6 3147, 161-3 6-2, 8-0, 7-5 02 383 - - July Dec. 19 39-0 + 40 27 0-85 25-1 6'5. 7'9 2 1883 .... April July 14 43-2 H- 6 26 0*82 259-0 7'o, 7"o 02 369 19 8'8 + 7i 54 o'8o 4^3 70, 7-5 2 2215 .... June Sept. 17 42-1 + 17 44 079 300-3 6-i, 7-8 .* BoStis May Sept. 15 20-3 + 37 47 108-4, 078 171-5, 104-0 4'5. 6-5, 7-8 |8 I3 2 July Sept. 18 4'5 -19 52 079 237-0 67, 7-2 DEFINING TESTS Cygni 153 . July Dec. 20 9-3 + 5i 7 4'03 81-2 5*9. 10-9 e Aurigse Nov. Mar. 5 52-0 + 37 12 2'37 358-5 3-0, 8-6 * Leonis Feb. June 9 i8'o + 26 41 3-3 6 . 10 205-1, 65 5*1, 10-2, xi -5 TT Cephei ... 23 4'3 + 74 46 F3" 27-3 47. 87 6 Serpentis . May July 15 15-2 + i 8 2-28 13-2 47, 9 '4 Cancri 5 ... Dec. April 7 54 '2 + 23 54 270 332-5 6-i, 10*7 SPACE-PENETRATING TESTS i Ceti .... Dec. Feb. o 13-6 9 28 62-0 I5-5 4'o, ii '5 i Aquarii July Oct. 20 33'6 + 06 55'9. 72-9 217-4, 38-9 5-5, 11-5, 11-3 115 Tauri . Dec. April 5 20-5 + 17 52 10 '2 308-4 6-0, ix -4 Pegasi 129 . Aug. Nov. 22 4 '8 + 14 4 2I'S 253-4 6 - o, ii '8 72 Virginia April June 13 24-5 - 5 53 29-2 16-1 6-2, n-8 S Cancri Jan. April 8 38-2 + 18 37 41-9 113-2 5-0, ii '8 41 Sextantis . April June 10 44-6 - 8 18 27-0 303-8 6'o, ii -8 p Bofttis . . , May July 14 26-9 + 30 52 53-3 334-0 3'6, 117 a a Capricorni Aug. Oct. 20 117 -12 54 77 I47-9 3'5- ii '5 o Cassiop. Aug. Feb. o 38-3 + 47 40 32-2 303'9 5'0, 12 -0 r Aurigee Nov. April 5 4i-3 + 39 8 38-9- 47 '9 350-0, 32-9 5'0, 12*0, II'O i ro Herculis . June Sept. 18 40-8 + 20 26 447. 61-2 95-6, 92*0 5'0, I2'0, II'O Test Objects. Seven Inches Aperture. NAME OF OBJECT Visible R. A. Dec}. Distances Posit. Angles Magnitude DIVIDING TESTS h. m. o / n 73 Ophiuchi . June Aug. 18 3'9 + 3 58 0-83 249'5 6'0, 7-6 54 Aurig Jan. Apr. 6 32-4 + 28 22 0-83 3 6 '9 6-0, 8'o os 338 . June Sept. 17 4 6'8 + 15 21 072 25-0 6-2, 6-4 Hydree 348 Apr. June 12 57 '6 -I 9 58 071 133 '4 6 '2, 6'2 Cygni 226 . July Dec. 20 35'4 + 40 10 070, 69-0 237, 69-8 6-4, 6-6, 7-6 16 Vulpeculce . July Nov. 19 57'2 + 24 37 0-69 94-5 57- 5'9 Dawes 6 ... Dec. Mar. 5 23-3 - 3 24 0*69 84-4 7% 7 '4 02 156 . Dec. Apr. 6 407 + 18 19 0'68 3i7'i 6-6, 6-6 j) Coronee May Aug. IS 18-5 + 30 42 0-65 182*2 57, 6-0 x Cygni Aug. Dec. 20 43-0 + 36 4 0*65 80-3 5'o, 7*o B.A.C. 8277 . July Mar. 23 43'2 + 64 15 0-58, 48-9 253' 8 . 353 '4 6'5. 77, 8-5, P. xviii. 132 June Sept. 18 30-8 + 23 31 0*56 352-1 6-3, 6-6 DEFINING TESTS 44 Cygni July Dec. 20 267 + 3 6 33 2-26 157 '9 6-3, ii -o 58 Ceti .... Nov. Feb. 1 52-2 - 2 37 273 12-8 6'3, ii'S Lyrse 91 . . . June Nov. 18 507 + 33 49 1-86, 45-3 133 '9. 350 '6 6-0, 10 -o, 7-3 T Cygni . ... Aug. Dec. 21 1 0'2 + 37 33 I "10 116-3 37, 7 '8 46 Virginia . . . Apr. June 12 547 - 2 45 1-44 15^5 5 '4, 9'5 46 Eridani Dec. Mar. 4 28-4 - 6 59 1*47 57 '0 6 *o, 10 "o SPACE-PENETRATING TESTS /8 Aquarii Sept. Nov. 21 25-6 - 6 4 34*3. 54 '5 318-9, 184-9 3-0, 10-9, 11-5 r Bootis Apr. June 13 41-8 + 18 2 8-9 352-0 4'i. IJ '5 94 Ceti . Dec. Feb. 3 6-9 - i 37 57 250-9 5'5- "'5 K Delphini . July Nov. 20 33'6 + 9 4i 12-5 319-0 5'2, ii'8 a 2 Cancri Jan. Apr. 8 S2'3 + 12 18 ii'i 325-0 4-4, 12-0 Aquilfe July Oct. 19 497 + 67 12 -5 177 37, 12 -i B.A.C. 8173 . 23 21-4 + 70 3 2O"I 312-3 6-5, 11-9 x Delphini . July Nov. 20 50-2 + 12 7 40'0 21-8 6'O, 12 P O f Pegasi Aug. Nov. 22 41'0 + 11 35 II'9, 127-3 II2'6, 21'8 4'6, 12 '2, II 3 30 Pegasi Aug. Nov. 22 147 + 5 13 6-3, io'i 207, 222 '8 6'o, 1 1 '4, 12-3 53 Virginia . Apr. June 13 6'o -i5 35 70-9 9-6 6'o, 12-5 30 Geminorum Dec. Apr. 6 37*5 + 13 21 28'0 184-1 6'0, 127 41 SELENOGRAPHICAL LONGITUDES AND LATITUDES OF LUNAR CRATERS. NAME OF CRATER Longitude + =West -=East Latitude N = North S = South NAME OF CRATER Longitude + =West = East Latitude N = North S = South Agrippa (102) i. o / + 10 22 N 4 4 Hesiodus (B) [187] iii. . / -17 o S 26 50' Airy (291) iv. . + 5 54 S 17 46 Hyginus (93) i. + 6 22 N 8 2 Albategnius (289) iv. + 3 58 S II 21 Kepler (144) ii. -37 40 N 7 51 Alpetragius (205) iii. - 4 45 S 15 55 La Hire (123) ii. -25 10 N27 18 Alphonsus (207) iii. - 3 14 S 12 59 Lalande (210) iii. . - 8 46 S 4 27 Archimedes (A) [120] ii. - 7 n N27 45 Landsberg (222) iii. 26 20 S o 27 Archytas (46) i. + 4 13 N 5 8 24 Langrenus (338) iv. + 00 30 S 8 33 Argelander (467) iv. + 4i 43 S 45 46 Laplace (A) [134] ii. -26 34 N 4 3 16 Aristarchus (148) ii. -47 10 N23 32 LeMonnier (A) [53] i. . + 29 8 N26 o AristiUus (83) i. . . + i i N33 45 Lichtenberg (151) ii. -67 5 NSI 25 Beer (446) iv. . . + 34 33 S 17 48 Lindenau (370) iv. . + 24 30 s 31 52 Bessarion (145) ii. . -37 4 Ni4 52 Linne" (74) i. . . + 11 33 N27 48 Bessel (73) i. . + 17 22 N2i 54 Madler (466) iv. . + 29 12 S 10 56 Billy (266) iii. . -49 58 S 14 o Manilius (95) i. + 8 47 Ni4 27 Bode (107) ii. . - 2 39 N 6 37 Marius (147) ii. 50 6 N ii 50 Brayley (479) ii. . -36 52 N20 54 Maskelyne (67) i. . + 29 40 N 2 32 Bullialdus (213) iii. -22 7 S 20 30 Menelaus (70) i + *5 3i Ni6 24 Burg (50) i. . + 2 7 32 N44 57 Messier (327) iv. + 47 12 S i 57 Calippus (76) i. + 10 29 N 3 8 46 Milichius (118) ii. . -29 40 N 10 o Camp anus (226) iii. -27 27 S 27 37 Moretus (262) iii. . -79 869 45 Capella (324) iv. + 34 48 S 7 33 MOsting (211) iii. . - 5 54 S o 36 Capuanus (238) iii. -25 42 S 34 20 Murchison (A) [483] i. . + 1 N 4 4 Carlini (128) ii. - 2 4 3 N T 33 30 Mutus (400) iv. + 29 22 S 63 6 Cassini (A) [81] i. . + 49 N 40 23 Neander (373) iv. . + 39 45 S 31 10 Censorinus (325) iv. + 32 22 S o 27 Gibers (159) ii. . -77 33 N 7 55 Cepheus (31) i. + 45 40 N 4 o 59 Petavius (340) iv. . + 59 47 S 24 50 Cleomedes (12) i. . + 54 47 N26 50 Picard (4) i. . + 53 5 2 Ni4 28 Conon (88) i. . + i 57 N2i 31 Piccolomini (371) iv. + 3i 45 S 29 n Copernicus (112) ii. 20 N 9 21 Pico (131) ii. . - 9 12 N45 28 Criiger (278) iii. 66 40 S 16 48 Plinius (61) i. + 23 23 Nis 17 Delambre (301) iv. . + 17 29 S 2 I Posidonius (A) [54] i. . + 29 n NSI 33 Delisle (127) ii. -34 48 N29 59 Proclus (60) i. + 46 30 N 16 10 Democritus (38) i. . + 33 30 N62 8 Prom. Agarum. (i) i. , + 64 n Ni3 54 Dionysius (99) i. + 17 9 N 2 51 Pythagoras (176) ii. 62 15 N6 3 6 Dollond (303) iv. . + 14 16 S 10 14 Pytheas (124) ii. -20 30 N 20 14 Drebbel (240) iii. . -48 13 S 40 47 Ramsden (228) iii. . -31 42 S 32 26 Eichstadt (280) iii. . -70 27 S 20 31 Reiner (146) ii. -56 I N 7 5 Eimmart (3) i. + 62 50 N2 3 35 Reinhold (114) ii. . -22 37 N 3 13 Encke (143) ii. -36 37 N 4 18 Sacrobosco (312) iv. + 16 2 S 24 19 Eratosthenes (no) ii. . -ii 37 N 14 24 Scheiner (A) [261] iii. -26 36 S 59 58 Euclides (221) iii. . -29 25 S 7 n Schubert (A) [10] i. + 77 16 N 2 28 Euler (125) ii. . -28 54 N 23 6 Seleucus (162) n. . -65 48 N20 54 Fabricius (383) iv. . + 40 46 S 42 8 Taruntius (326) i. . + 45 59 N 5 40 Franklin (32) i. + 47 12 N 3 8 39 Thales (36) i. . + 49 12 N6i 58 Flamsteed (223) iii. -44 12 S 4 3i Theophilus (319) iv. + 26 18 S II 21 Gassendi (232) iii. . ~39 3 1 S 16 57 Timocharis (121) ii. -13 o N26 43 Goclenius (328) iv. . + 44 29 ! S 10 o Tobias Mayer (117) ii. . -28 50 NiS 33 Grimaldi (272) iii. . -68 58 ! S 2 43 Tycho (180) iii. -ii 52 S 42 52 Hansen (A) [n] i. . + 74 o Ni 3 17 Ukert (109) i. . + i 9 N 7 48 Harding (152) ii. -70 52 N43 9 Vitello (229) iii. -37 12 S 30 o Helicon (129) ii. -22 53 N 40 10 Vitruvius (57) i. + 3i 3 Ni 7 36 Hell (184) iii. . 8 20 s 3 1 59 "Werner (295) iv. . + 3 6 S 27 30 Heraclides (135) ii. -31 I N T 4i 8 Wichmann (438) iii. -37 56 S 7 41 Hercules (29) i. + 38 2 N 4 6 4 Wollaston (150) ii. -46 54 N 30 17 Herschel (212) iii. . - 2 9 S 5 37 Zagut (369) iv. + 21 56 S 31 42 i" of arc at the mean distance of the Moon is equal to i'n miles. i of selenographical longitude or latitude at the centre of the Moon is equal to 16' '6 of arc, or i8'9 miles. 4 2 LUNAR CRATERS IN ORDER OF SELENOGRAPHICAL LONGITUDE. Longitude + = West NAME OF CRATER Latitude N = North S - South Longitude - = East NAME OF CRATER Latitude N = North S = South O / O / o / O / +77 16 Schubert (A) [10] i. N 2 28 -2 9 Herschel (212) iii. . S 5 37 74 o Hansen (A) [n] i. . N 13 17 2 39 Bode (107) ii. . ' N 6 37 64 ii Prom. Agarum. (i) i. . N 13 54 3 14 Alphonsus (207) iii. S 12 59 62 50 Eimmart (3) i. N2 3 35 4 45 Alpetragius (205) iii. S 15 55 60 30 Langrenus (338) iv. S 8 33 5 54 Mosting (211) iii. . S o 36 59 47 Petavius (340) iv. . S 24 50 7 9 Moretus (262) iii. . S 69 45 54 47 Cleomedes (12) i. . N26 50 7 ii Archimedes (A) [120] ii. N2 7 45 53 52 Picard (4) i. . N 14 28 8 20 Hell (184) iii. . S 31 59 49 12 Thales (36) i. . N 61. 58 8 46 Lalande (210) iii. . S 4 27 47 12 Franklin (32) i. N 3 8 39 9 i Pico (131) ii. . N 4S 28 47 12 Messier (327) iv. . . S i 57 ii 37 Eratosthenes (no) ii. . N 14 24 46 30 Proclus (60] i. N 16 10 ii 52 Tycho (180) iii. S 42 52 45 59 Taruntius (326) i. . N 5 40 13 o Timocharis (121) ii. . . N 26 43 45 40 44 29 Cepheus (31) i. . . G-oclenius (328)' iv. . N40 59 S 10 o 17 o 20 O Hesiodus (B) [187] iii. . Copernicus (112) ii. " . S 26 50 N 9 21 40 46 Argelander (467) iv. Fabricius (383) iv. . S 45 46 S 42 8 20 30 22 7 Pytheas (124) ii. Bullialdus (213) iii. N 20 14 S 20 30 39 45 38 2 Neander (373) iv. . Hercules (29) i. . . S 31 10 N 4 6 4 22 37 22 53 Reinhold (114) ii. . Helicon (129) ii. N 3 13 N 40 10 34 48 Capella (324) iv/ . S 7 33 24 3 Carlini (i28)ii. '- . N33 30 34 33 Beer (446) iv. . , S 17 48 25 10 La Hire (123) ii. N 27 18 33 30 Democritus (38) i. . . N 62 8 25 42 Capuanus (238) iii. . S 34 20 32 22 Censorinus (325) iv. S o 27 26 20 Landsberg (222) iii. . S o 27 3i 45 3i 3 Piccolomini (371) iv. Vitruvius (57) i. . S 29 n Ni 7 36 26 34 26 36 Laplace (A) [134] ii. . Scheiner (A) [261] iii. . N 43 16 S 59 58 29 40 Maskelyne (67) i. . N 2 32 27 27 Campanus (226) iii. S 27 37 29 22 Mutus (400) iv. S 63 6 28 50 Tobias Mayer (117) ii. . N 15 33 29 12 Madler (466) iv. S 10 56 28 54 Euler (125) ii. . N2 3 6 29 II Posidonius (A) [54] i. N 31 33 29 25 Euclides (221) iii. . S 7 n 29 8 Le Monnier (A) [53] i. . N 26 o 29 40 Milichius (118) ii. . N 10 o 27 32 26 18 Burg (50) i. . . . Theophilus (319) iv. . N44 57' S II 21 3 1 42 Heraclides (135) ii. . Bamsden (228) iii. . N 41 8 S 32 26 24 30 Lindenau (370) iv. . S 31 5 2 34 48 Delisle (127) ii. N 29 59 23 23 Plinius (61) i. . N 15 17 36 37 Encke (143) ii. N 4 18 21 56 Zagut (369) iv. . S 31 42 36 52 Brayley (479) ii. . N 20 54 17 29 Delambre (301) iv. . S 2 I 37 4 Bessarion (145) ii. . N 14 52 17 22 Bessel (73) i. . N2i 54 37 12 Vitello (229) iii. S 30 o 17 9 Dionysius (99) i. . N 2 51 37 40 Kepler (144) ii. N 7 51 16 2 Sacrobosco (312) iv. S 24 19 37 56 "Wichmann (438) iii. S 7 41 15 31 Menelaus (70) i. N 16 24 39 3i Gassendi (232) iii. . S 16 57 14 16 Dollond (303) iv. S 10 14 44 12 Flamsteed (223) iii. S 4 3i 11 33 Linne" (74) i. . . N 27 48 46 54 Wollaston (150) ii. N 30 17 10 29 Calippus (76) i. N 3 8 46 47 10 Aristarchus (148) ii. N 23 32 IO 22 Agrippa (102) i. N 4 4 48 13 Drebbel (240) iii. . S 40 47 8 47 Manilius (95) i. N 14 27 49 58 Billy (266) iii. . S 14 o 6 22 Hyginus (93) i. N 8 2 50 6 Marius (147) ii. N n 50 5 54 Airy (291) iv. . S 17 46 56 i Reiner (146) ii. N 7 5 4 13 Archytas (46) i. N 5 8 24 62 15 Pythagoras (176) ii. N6 3 6 4 9 Cassini (A) [81] i. . N40 33 65 4 8 Seleucus (162) ii. . N 20 54 3 58 Albategnius (289) iv. S II 21 66 40 Criiger (278) iii. S 16 48 3 6 "Werner (295) iv. S 27 30 67 5 Lichtenberg (151) ii. N 3 i 25 i 57 Conon (88) i. . N 21 31 68 58 Grimaldi (272) 'iii. . S 2 43 i 9 Ukert (109) i. . N 7 48 70 27 Eichstadt (280) iii. S 20 31 i i Aristillus (83) i. . N 33 45 70 52 Harding (152) ii. . N 4 3 9 + i o Murchison (A) [483] i. . N 4 4 -77 33 Olbers (159) ii. N 7 55 43 SEPARATING POWER OF TELESCOPES. Dawes (Memoirs of the Royal Astronomical Society, volume xxxv. p. 15 8) found by a great variety of experiments with small telescopes that a one-inch aperture would just separate a double star composed of two stars of the sixth magnitude if their central distance was 4" '56, when the atmospheric circumstances were moderately favourable. The following little table, as calculated by him, will be convenient for reference. Aperture in Inches Least separable Distance Aperture in Inches Least separable Distance Aperture in Inches Least separable Distance I'O 4-56 4-0 i"i4 7'0 0-65 1-5 3 '04 4'5 I '01 8'0 0'57 2'0 2-28 5-o o'gi 9 '0 0-507 2 '5 1-82 S'S 0*83 10 '0 0-456 3' 1-52 6-0 076 II'O 0-414 3 '5 i -30 6'5 070 I2'O 0.380 SPACE-PENETRATING POWER OF TELESCOPES. The following table, based on the assumption that a star of any magnitude contains 2\ times the light of one of the magnitude next below, is taken from New- comb and Holden's Astronomy, 4'h edition, page 419. This is practically Struve's ratio. Aperture in Inches Faintest Star Visible Aperture in Inches Faintest Star Visible Aperture in Inches Faintest Star Visible Mag. Mag. Mag. I'O 9-0 4-0 12 'O 7'0 13 '3 **S 9-9 4 '5 I2'3 8-0 13 "5 2'O 10-5 S'o I2"5 9-0 ' 13-8 2 '5 n -o 5-5 12 '7 IO'O 14-0 3 - o 11-4 6'o 12-9 II'O 14-2 3'5 117 6'5 13-1 12 '0 14-4 44 APPENDIX. Heliocentric Minima of p Persei (Algol) 3 b O m 45' + 40 31'- 0. Days 1886, Jan. 13 hrs. min. 23 Days March 6 hrs. 5 min. 3 Days August 16 hrs. IS min. 30 Days October 24 hrs. ii min. 4 16 ii 12 20 13 7 19 12 19 27 7 53 i9 8 I 23 9 56 22 9 8 November 13 12 46 22 4 50 April 9 14 So September 8 14 i 16 9 35 February 5 12 55 12 II 39 ii IO 50 19 6 24 8 9 43 IS 8 27 i4 7 39 December 3 14 28 ii 6 32 July 7 12 6 October i 12 32 6 ii 17 25 14 36 10 8 55 4 9 21 9 8 6 28 ii 25 27 13 29 7 6 IO 26 12 59 March 3 8 14 30 10 37 21 14 15 29 9 48 Algol, 2'2 mag. at maximum, 37 at minimum. It commences to diminish in light 4 hours 23 minutes before minimum, and regains its full brilliancy 5 hours and 37 minutes after. The most rapid decrease of light begins at i hour 40 minutes before the minimum, and the most rapid increase i hour 40 minutes after. Heliocentric Minima of 8 Librae 14 h 54 m 53 s - 8 3'- 9. 4-9 mag. max. 6-1 mag. min. Days April 3 hrs. 16 min. 44 Days May i hrs. 15 min. Days June 5 hrs. 12 min. 50 Days J"iy 3 hrs. II min. 6 10 16 18 8 14 34 12 12 24 IO IO 40 17 15 52 15 14 8 19 II 58 17 IO 14 24 15 26 22 13 42 26 II 3 a 24 9 48 2 9 13 16 3 1 9 22 45 w ,J PQ fl-O IO CO D . ii "3 a? M bs 8 % $ '- c el. 1 w " ~ C | jS s <> O c? 1 d - S 6*8 x| f . ^ jj S .S oo CU 1 1 1 1 1 1 S U %S T3 3 1 S T o ! s 1 .ri S ? ol i a 1 H U > ffi O fti Oi X C^ ^ w^ ^v^ IO M ^o tx 04 oo M 00 J^ o ^^ Minimum September i fi 04 bo &, ^ HI 'c cu s I 00 04 A luary 31, Jun November i ft 1 s I i * < o > z September 2 M v V^ a > 1 M HI S"* 1 '^c? ft. 04 H TO 00 oo .a 04 6 XO . -ill- ^- E ** M CO Maximu: f | >^ I 1 A 1 Novembe o| || II M 1 vember 1 5 ril 9, Septe jS > M 1 0, 3 CO M CO ON 05 CO 1 CO Ov >O 04 00 O w 04 00 ON IITUDE .'S o 1 00 o S ON 1 2 g vp vp ^ M IO to <*- O M 3 00 00 10 vO 00 Vx l/-) ^ \Q " . 1 ! L i 1 1 1 1 'x rt VO o 04 M 10 * P f S lo N M VO 00 XO vb vb vb h IO r> r- p p ? p IO ^O ^O vp _. "^ft M CO ON 00 fx Tj- JO OJ 04 CO i -cn $> M ct CO T}- * M vF N 04 00 IN 04 CO s + + i T ! + + + 1 + + + a; M 00 1O to co VO ^j. CO O CO M 04 CO CO 04 04 04 CO Tj- CO >0 M 4 1 COO CO * CO M VO 04 co O vo 00 c M M IO 04 * CO CO 04 rj- ^ 04 04 * 10 Ov o 04 CO ON ON M 04 H S < t3 ^ b. H O Q "^ O C/3 no M s 4 VARIAULE | d Arietis | 1 O t-3 Orionis Leonis 1 Virginii ! i - J! I 1 ri ti O /v* 03 P3 5 x Jj 4 6 POSITION OF THE LUNAR TERMINATOR (MIDNIGHT). + = W. Longitude ; M = Morning Terminator, or Sun-rising. = E. Longitude ; E = Evening Terminator, or Sun-setting. 1885. Days Days o , I )ays o . Days November 1 25 46 E November 17 40 30 M December 2-42 57 E December 17 45 21 M 2-37 55 E 18-52 39 M 3-55 7 E 18-57 30 M 3-50 6E 19-64 49 M 4-67 i6E 19-69 39 M 4-62 i6E 2076 59 M 5-79 26 E 2081 48 M 5-74 27 E 21 Full Moon 6 New Moon 21 Full Moon 6 New Moon 22 + 78 42 E 7 + 76 15 M 22 + 73 52 E 7 + 81 13 M 23+66 31 E 8 + 64 5 M 23 + 61 43 E 8 + 69 2M 24+54 22 E 9 + 51 56 M 24 + 49 33 E 9 + 5 52 M 25+42 12 E 10 + 39 46 M 25 + 37 24 E 10 + 44 41 M 26 + 30 i E 11 + 27 37 M 26 + 25 14 E 11 + 32 32 M 27+17 52 E 12 + 15 27 M 27 + 13 5E 12 + 20 21 M 28+5 42 E 13+ 3 17 M 28+0 56 E 13+ 8 12 M 29- 6 27 E 14- 8 52 M 2911 13 E 14 3 59 M 30-18 37 E 1521 2M 30-23 23 E 1516 10 M December 1 30 47 E 16-33 ii M 31-35 33 E 16-28 19 M 1886. January 1-47 42 E February 4 + 78 54 M March 10 + 25 4M April 13-29 19 M 2-59 52 E 5 + 66 43 M 11 + 12 54 M 14-41 30 M 3-72 2E 6 + 54 33 M 12+ O 42 M 15-53 42 M 4-84 ii E 7 + 42 23 M I 3 -II 28 M 16-65 54 M 5 New Moon 8 + 30 14 M 14-23 39 M 17-78 4M 6 + 71 31 M 9 + 18 4 M 15-35 49 M 18 Full Moon 7 + 59 21 M io+5 54 M 16 48 iM 19 + 77 30 E 8+47 ii M ii- 6 15 M 17 60 12 M 20 + 65 17 E 9 + 35 2M 12 18 26 M 18-72 22 M 21 + 53 7 E 10+22 52 M 13-30 35 M 19 Full Moon 22 + 40 53 E 11+ 10 44M 14-42 46 M 20 + 83 16 E 23 + 28 41 E 12 I 26 M '5-54 56 M 21 + 71 5E 24+16 29 E 13-13 35 M 16-67 6M 22 + 58 54 E 25+ 4 17 E 14-25 45 M 17-79 15 M 23 + 46 42 E 26- 7 56 E 15-37 55 ^ 18 Full Moon 24 + 34 32 E 2720 8 E 16-50 5 M 19 + 76 24 E 25 + 22 20 E 28-32 21 E 17 62 14 M 20 + 64 14 E 26+10 10 E 29-44 32 E 18-74 23 M 21 + 52 3E 27- 2 2 E 30-56 45 E 19 Full Moon 22 + 39 53 E 2814 13 E May 1-68 57 E 20 + 81 i8E 23+27 42 E 2926 24 E 2-81 10 E 21 +69 8E 24+15 3 2 E 30-38 36 E 3 New Moon 22 + 56 59 E 25+ 3 22 E 31-50 48 E 4 + 74 26 M 23 + 44 49 E 26- 8 49 E April 1-62 59 E 5 + 62 13 M 24 + 32 39 E 27 20 59 E 2-75 9 E 6 + 50 i M 25 + 20 29 E 28-33 10 E 3-87 20 E 7 + 37 48 M 26+ 8 9 E March 145 20E 4 New Moon 8 + 25 36 M 27- 3 49 E 2-57 31 E 5 + 68 15 M 9+13 24 M 2815 59 E 3-69 41 E 6 + 56 3M 10+ I 10 M 29-28 SE 4-81 52 E 7+43 52 M ii ii 2 M 30-40 i8E 5 New Moon 8 + 31 40 M 12 23 14 M 31-52 28 E 6 + 73 47 M 9+19 29 M 13-35 28 M February 1 64 37 E .7 + 61 36 M 10+ 7 17 M 14-47 41 M 2-76 47 E 8 + 49 26 M n- 4 54 M 15-59 53 M 3 New Moon 9 + 37 15 M 12-17 6M 16 72 6M Position of the Lunar Terminator (Midnight}. 47 Days May 17 Full Moon Days , July 1473 6 M Days , September 949 21 M Days , November 5 24 5 M 18 + 83 28' E 15 Full Moon 10 61 34 M 6-36 15 M 19 + 71 15 E 16 + 82 27 E 11-73 46 M 748 25 M 20 + 59 3 E 17 + 70 14 E 12 85 58 M 8-60 36 M 21 + 46 49 E 18 + 58 oE 13 Full Moon 9 72 46 M 22 + 34 37 E 19 + 45 48 E 14 + 69 38 E 10-84 57 M 23 + 22 24 E 20 + 33 3 6 E 15 + 57 25 E ii Full Moon 24 + 10 ii E 21 + 21 23 E 16 + 45 14 E 12 + 70 44 E 25 2 2 E 22+9 8 E 17 + 33 iE 13 + 58 35 E 26 14 16 E 23-3 6 E 18 + 20 50 E 14 + 46 24 E 27-26 28 E 24-15 19 E 19+8 38 E 15 + 34 13 E 28-38 41 E 25-27 3 2 E 20- 3 34 E 16 + 22 4E 29-50 54 E 26-39 45 E 21 15 46 E 17 + 9 52 E 30-63 7 E 27-51 59 E 22-27 5 8 E 18- 2 17 E 31-75 21 E 28-64 12 E 23-40 9 E 19-14 27 E June 1-87 33 E 29-76 25 E 24-52 22 E 20-26 37 E 2 New Moon 30 New Moon 25-64 33 E 21-38 47 E 3 + 68 o M 31 + 79 9M 26-76 45 E 22 50 56 E 4 + 55 47 M August 1 + 66 55 M 27 New Moon 23-63 7 E 5 + 43 34 M a + 54 42 M 28 + 78 52 M 24-75 16 E 6 + 31 21 M 3 + 42 29 M 29 + 66. 41 M 25 New Moon 7 + 19 7M 4 + 30 16 M 30 + 54 29 M 26 + 80 23 M 8+6 55 M 5 + 18 sM October 1 + 42 17 M 27 + 68 14 M 9- 5 i9 M 6+5 50 M 2 + 30 6 M 28 + 56 4 M 10-17 33 M 7- 6 23 M 3 + 17 54M 29+43 55 M 11 29 46 M 8-18 36 M 4+5 4i M 30+31 45 M 12 41 59 M 9-30 49 M 56 29 M December 1 + 19 35 M 13-54 13 M 10-43 3 M 6-18 40 M 2+7 25 M 14-66 26 M 11-55 15 M 7-30 52 M 3-4 45 M 15-78 39 M 12 67 27 M 8-43 5M 4-16 55 M 16 Full Moon 13-79 40 M 9-55 14 M 5-29 4 M 17 + 76 54 E 14 Full Moon 1067 25 M 641 14 M 18 + 64 40 E 15 + 75 54 E 11-79 3 6 M 7-53 24 M 19 + 52 27 E 16 + 63 41 E 12 Full Moon 8-65 34 M 20 + 40 15 E 17 + 51 28 E 13 + 76 12 E 9-77 42 M 21 + 28 i E 18 + 39 16 E 14 + 64 o E 10 Full Moon 22 +15 46 E 19 + 27 i E 15 + 51 48 E 11 + 77 59 E 23+2 35 E 20 +14 49 E 16 + 39 28 E 12 + 65 49 E 24- 8 39 E 21+2 36 E 17 + 27 17 E 13 + 53 39 E 25-20 53 E 229 36 E 18 + 15 6E 14 + 41 30 E 26-33 6E 23-21 49 E 19+ 2 55 E 15 + 29 20 E 27-45 20 E 24-34 i E 209 16 E 16+17 ii E 28-57 33 E 25-46 14 E 21 21 27 E 17+5 i E 29-69 45 E 26-58 27 E 22-33 37 E 18- 7 8 E 30-81 59 E 27-70 39 E 2 3-45 47 E 19-19 17 E July i New Moon 28-82 52 E 24-57 58 E 20 31 26 E 2 + 73 35 M 29 New Moon 25-70 10 E 21-43 36 E 3 + 61 22 M 30 + 72 43 M 26 82 21 E 22-55 46 E 4 + 49 7 M 31 + 60 30 M 27 New Moon 23-67 55 E 5 + 36 54 M September 1+48 17 M 28 + 73 18 M 24-80 5 E 6 + 24 42 M 2 + 36 5 M 29 + 61 8M 25 New Moon 7 + 12 29 M 3 + 23 52 M 30 + 48 57 M 26 + 75 36 M 8+0 14 M 4+ ii 40 M 31 + 36 46 M 27 + 63 27 M 912 o M .5-0 32 M November 1 + 24 36 M 28 + 51 18 M 10 24 13 M 6 i2 45 M 2 + 12 25 M 29 + 39 9M 1 1 36 27 M 7-24 57 M 3+0 14 M 30 + 26 59 M 12 48 39 M 8 37 10 M 4-n 54M 31 + 14 49 M 13 60 53 M 4 8 THE COMETS OF 1886. Three periodical comets are expected to return to perihelion in the year 1886. These are (i) a comet having a period of about 5^ years, which was discovered by Tempel at Florence in November 1869. The return in 1875 was not observed, but it was re-discovered by Prof. L. Swift, of Rochester, New York, in October 1880, when the fact of its periodicity was determined. Perihelion passage will take place about April 21, 1886, but its position in the heavens will be very unfavourable for observation, and it is not likely to be seen again until its next return in October 1891. (2) A comet, first discovered by Pons at Marseilles in June 1819, which is also moving in an ellipse with a period of about 5^ years. It was re-discovered by Dr. Winnecke in 1858, and its periodicity was then determined by him. It was well observed in 1869 and 1875, but not in 1864 and 1880, when the circum- stances were unfavourable. It is usually known as Winnecke's comet. Perihelion passage will take place about August 30, 1886. (3) A comet of long period, discovered by Olbers in March 1815, is expected to return again to perihelion towards the end of 1886. It will probably be bright enough to be generally observed. A sweeping ephemeris from January to October 1886 has been published by Dr. Ginzel in No. 2,696 of the Astronomische Nachrichten. Three comets, discovered in 1885, are visible at the present time. They are : (1) A comet discovered by Mr. Brooks, of Phelps, New York, at the end of December 1885. This comet passed its perihelion on November 24, 1885, and is slowly receding from the earth, and growing fainter. (2) A comet discovered by M. Fabry at the Paris Observatory on December i, 1885. This comet is only observable with large telescopes. Perihelion passage, according to the elements calculated by Dr. Oppenheim, will take place on April 4, 1886. The brightness is slowly increasing at present. (3) A comet discovered by Mr. Barnard, at the Vanderbilt University Observa- tory, Nashville, Tennessee, on December 3, 1885. This comet is also very faint Perihelion passage will take place about May 5, 1886. The elements bear some resemblance to those of the second comet of 1785. Its brightness is slowly increasing at present. or 1 1 k 1 1 < / ..,__. ADDENDA. THE orbit of comet Fabiy has been recently calculated by several astronomers, including Dr. S. Oppenhehn and M. Lebeuf, and it appears from their investigations that this comet, instead of decreasing in brightness, promises to be a very conspicuous object in the circumpolar sky towards the end of April and the beginning of May. According to Dr. Oppenheim its brightness on May 1 will be over six hundred times greater than that at the time of discovery. The orbit of comet Barnard has also been investigated by Dr. Heppenger, with a somewhat similar result. About the middle of May this comet will be nearly three hundred times brighter than at the date of discovery. BROWNING'S ASTRONOMICAL TELESCOPES. ASTRONOMICAL TELESCOPE With 3-inch Achromatic Object-Glass of excellent quality, with brass body, one Terrestrial and two Celestial Eyepieces, in case complete. Guaranteed to be capable of dividing Double-Stars and showing Saturn's Ring and Jupiter's Belts. Price 6. 10s. Catalogue of Astronomical Telescopes sent Free. SILVERED GLASS TELESCOPES AND SPECULA. SILVERED GLASS SPECULA, UNMOUNTED. WITHOUT CELLS. To meet the wishes of many applicants Mr. John Browning has made arrangements with Mr. With whereby the large stock of Specula, now in the possession of that celebrated artist, may be obtained by those who wish to possess one of Mr. With's Specula, but to do the mounting for themselves. The Specula so available are the choicest reserves and re-touches of Mr. With's productions. To assist amateurs to the very utmost Mr. Browning will supply warranted planes, finders, eye-pieces. &c., of his own manufacture, indeed all those parts of the instrument which an amateur cannot as a whole make for himself. The performance of these Specula will be guaranteed ; they will bear a power of 100 to the inch on suitable objects, and under favourable conditions of the atmosphere. Speculum, 4^-inch diameter about 5 ft. focus, 2. los. ; 6^-inch, about 6 ft. focus, $ ; 8^-inch, ^8 ; 9j-inch, 12 ; iOj-inch, \6 ; I2|-inch, 22; 1 3-inch, ^25. SILVERED GLASS SPECULA ASTRONOMICAL TELESCOPES, ON ALT-AZIMUTH STANDS. 4^-inch Speculum. 5 ft. focus, mounted on a stand, which can be changed from alt-azimuth to s. 5 bo t) i CO These Instruments are of high quality, accurately adjusted, and well finished. The base is of cast iron, with large gun-metal levelling screws. The axis is of gun-metal, the trunnions resting on gun-metnl bearings ; the altitude or declination circle is silver-plated, and divided into 4 quadrants of 9'J degrees with a vernier and spirit level reading to single minutes. It is furnished with a diagonal eye-piece with total reflecting prism, and three spider-web cross-wires, with collimating screws. There are two dark glasses for solar observation, and a delicate striding level is supplied with the Instrument. The optical power of the larger Instrument is sufficient to show the larger stars and planets in full daylight. The illumination of the cross-wires at night is effected by a front reflecting diaphragm, and the Instrument is provided with a candle lantern carried on an adjustable support. The ordinary axial illumination is supplied with the larger Instrument in addition. CLARK'S WINDOW TRANSIT. In addition to the above instrument another form can be supplied for the use of amateurs desiring a small portable and easily-adjusted Instrument. This Instrument has been designed for fixing upon a window-sill and requires no special stand. The base is entirely of gun-metal, and is handsomely finifehed, Price &Y. 10s. Od. Pamphlet post-free on application. A. J. FROST, 6 Westminster Chambers, London, S.W. MAWSON & SWAN'S ASTRONOMICAL TELESCOPE. Complete, with Stand and Box, ^5. Of superior construction. Is fitted with 2 f -inch Object Glass of Best English manufacture. Day and Night Eye-pieces. Highly finished Brass Stand, &c. Complete in box. A cheaper form, fitted with Day and Night Eye-pieces, 2-inch Object Glass of good quality, French make, price 2. 15s. A very useful Instrument. ULAIMIIPS FOR ASTRONOMICAL TELESCOPES. The small 2 J- candle Swan Lamp has been most successfully employed for lighting up the Micrometer Scale &c., in Telescopes in many of the large and most important Observatories. The four or five-cell modified Leclanche' Battery, controlled by a simple switch, answers admirably for this work. PORTABLE PRIMARY BATTERIES, For working the small Swan Electric Lamps. Catalogues of Chemical, Photographic, Electrical and Microscopical Apparatus on application. MAWSON & SWAN, Mosley Street, Newcastle-on-Tyne. 4 THE COLLEGE ' TELESCOPE. This Instrument has a brass body, with rack and pinion adjustment ; is 38-in. long and 3-in. in diameter. Mounted on a brass pillar, with horizontal and vertical movements and japanned claw stand. The Day Power is 4o-dia., and the Huyghenian Astro Eyepiece magnifies 90-dia. The latter is fitted with a dark glass. Price *1E 5. 5s. IIV PORTABLE PINE CASE. ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF ASTRONOMICAL TELF.SCOPES, JUST PUBLISHED; GRATIS, ON APPLICATION, OR BY POST ONE STAMP. HORNE, THORNTHWAITE, & WOOD, 416 S07E/-A.3ST1D, W.C., .A-HSTID E. G, WOOD, 74 O II IE JV IF SI ID IE, IE.C- W. WRAY, Optician, MANUFACTURER OF ASTRONOMICAL TELESCOPES. EQUATORIAL and other MOUNTINGS, EYEPIECES, &c. &c. MICROSCOPE OBJECTIVES AND MICROSCOPES. PHOTOGRAPHIC LENSES, &c. &c. Illustrated Catalogue Free. LAUREL HOUSE, NORTH HILL, HIGHGATE, LONDON, N, WORKS ON THE TRANSIT INSTRUMENT. By LATIMBE, CLAUK, M.I.C.E. Crown 8vo. price Is. MANUAL OF THE TRANSIT INSTRUMENT. This work gives all the information requisite for taking time by the Transit Instrument. By the aid of the Tables mentioned below, anyone can take transits without any previous knowledge of the subject. Demy 8vo. cloth 5s. ATREATISE ON THE TRANSIT INSTRUMENT As applied to the determination of Time. This work gives a complete description of the Transit Instrument, and the adjustments and corrections required for obtaining accurate time in any part of the world. It forms an excellent practical intro- duction to the science of astronomy. Crown 8vo. boards, price 2s. 6d. annually. TRANSIT TABLES. These Tables, which are published annually, give the transit of about twenty selected stars for every evening in the year in ordinary time, so that in taking time by the Transit Instrument no calculation of any kind is required. They are adapted for use in all parts of the globe. LONDON: E. & F. N. SPON, 125 Strand. NEW YORK : 35 Murray Street 6 14 DAY USE RETURN TO DESK FROM WHICH BORROWED LOAN DEPT. This book is due on the last date stamped below, or on the date to which renewed. Renewed books are subject to immediate recall. U. C. BERKELEY LIBRARI CDbl3S7DS3